alegzander leutard

alegzander francois augustin liatard (fibravari 15,1835, paris-april 20,1918, bois-gerom-seyint-yuen, yoore, france) oka french pasuvaidyudu. chesi ekol national veterinire dii tolouse nundi pattabhadrudaina taruvaata, athanu 1900 varaku newyorklo pasuvaidya vruttini abhyasinchadaaniki conny united statesku valasa vacchaadu, appudu athanu padavee viramana chesi fraansku tirigi vacchaadu. alegzander leutard paeru americalo private pasuvaidya vidya praarambhamtho mudipadi undhi. liatard newyork american veterinary kalaasaala vyavasthaapakudu mariyu deane. athanu american pasuvaidya vruttini nirvahinchadamlo palgonnadu mariyu united states pasuvaidya vaidya sanghaanni sthaapinchaadu, ippudu american pasuvaidya vaidya sangham, dheenilo athanu chaalaa samvatsaraalu chodaka saktigaa unnadu. athani paeru ippatikee american veterinary presslo vrutti charitralo daani vruttiparamaina pramaanaalu mariyu missionlanu nirvachinchinanduku, mariyu oka ekikruta saktigaa, mariyu american veterinary review vyavasthapakudigaa, ippudu journal off dhi american veterinary medical association (javma) gaa perkonabadindi.
alegzander leutard thana jeevitakaalamlo "american pasuvaidya vrutti pitamahudu" gaa unnanduna eee roeju gowravinchabaddaadu.
jeevita charitra.
alegzander francois augustin liatard 1835 fibravari 15naa 33 ryuu new-seyint-augustin vadda, ippudu ryuu seyint-augustin, paris yokka 2va arondismentlo janminchaadu. athanu zeane-francois liatard, oka taalaalu vese contractor, mariyu paarislo janminchina charlotte gabrielle helois vives kumarudu, mariyu alegzander liatard kevalam aidu samvatsaraala vayassulo unnappudu unnappudu maraninchaadu. aayanaku iddaru sodareemanulu unnaaru. athani mamaiah etiyenne gabriyal vives sainika vruttiloo pasuvaidyudu.
pasuvaidya adhyayanalu.
adhyayanalu alegzander leutard ekol national vetrinire dii 'alfort loe vidyaarthigaa angeekarinchabaddaadu. angeekarinchabaddaadu, athani tandri maraninchaadu, aidu rojula taruvaata, alegzander "chaalaa teevramaina kramasikshana ullanghanaku" alert nundi bahishkarinchabaddaadu, dheeni vishayam teliyadu. adanamgaa, anaaroogyam kaaranamgaa modati semister chivarilo athanu pareekshalu rayalekapoyadu. aneka nelala paatu thana chaduvunu nilipivesina taruvaata athanu ekol national veterinire dii tolouselo cheraadu, akkada athanu thana nalgava samvatsaram puurti chesi chesi diploma pondaadu.
newyork loe pasuvaidyudu.
1856 mariyu 1859 madhya athani karyakalapalu teliyanivigaa unnaayi. legian off hohner kosam athani avaardu certificate moodu samvatsaraala sainika sevanu prastaavinchindi, mariyu dheenini modatlo lester crowford utankinchinappatikii fraanslooni servies hysteric dii ell 'armi dii terrey (armi history department) loe nirvahinchina daryaptulo athani paeru gurinchi etuvanti prastaavana kanipinchaledu. adanamgaa, aaa samayamlo sainika seva kaalam aaru samvatsaraalu, mariyu gauvian-seyint-sir chattaniki anugunamgaa, pravesam niyamakam dwara ledhaa yaadruchchika dra dwara undedi. anduvalla leutard "manchi sankhya" nuu aakarshinchi, niyaminchabadaledu.
athanu conny newyork cherukunnadu, akkada athanu sthirapadi, twaragaa pasuvaidya kliniknu praarambhinchaadu. praarambhinchaadu poura yuddham praarambhamainappatiki, aaa samayamlo nagaram puurti vistaranalo undhi. abhivruddhi aardhikamgaa matrame kakunda vishwavidyaalaya sthaayilo kooda jarigindi. eee yuddhakaalamlo carnell, swarthmore kalaasaala mariyu mitt thoo sahaa padihenu vishwavidyaalayaalu srushtinchabaddaayi. vruttiparamaina kalaasaalala erpaatuku kooda manassulu terichi undevi.
newyorklo liatard kereer praarambhamlo, chaalaa takkuva mandhi american pasuvaidyulu diplomalu kaligi unnaaru mariyu airopalo pasuvaidya sikshana pondina vaarandaruu unnaaru. chaalaa mandhi "gurrapu vaidyulu" kevalam dooragaamigaa undevaaru. eee sandarbhamlone leutard kotta samskrutiki alavaatu padatam mariyu ataniki videshee bhaashalo panicheyadam vanti anivaaryamaina ibbandulu unnappatikee newyorklo tananu taanu sthaapinchukogaligaadu. athanu newyork nagaram madhyalo, lexington avenueloni 215 vadda sthirapaddaadu. adhe samayamlo, athanu university medical collegelo medical doctor (doctor inn medicine) diploma pondaadu, ippudu newyork university school off medicine. united stateslo thana nalabhai samvatsaraala vruttiparamaina jeevitamlo athanu abhyasakudiga niyaminchina teevramaina karyakalapalu telusu fraansku tirigi vachinappudu thana real estate samuparjanala dwara teerpu cheppi, athanu chaalaa sampannudu, dhanavanthudu kooda kaavadaaniki veelu kalpinchaayi. annintikante, idhi ataniki pasuvaidya vidyalo mariyu united stateslo prachuranalo thana samsthalaku aardhika sahayam cheyadaaniki maargaalanu andinchindi.
pasuvaidya vruttiki terichina market yokka paridhini nokki cheppadaniki, leutard "american veterinary review" loe, american pasuvulu mariyu maamsam egumatulapai ganaamkaalanu prachurinchaadu, idhi athanu pradhana european deshaala mariyu vaati digumatulato polchadu. aaa samayamlo pattanaalalo gurralu chaalaa mukhyamainavi, endukante gurrapu vahanalu upayoginchevi.
united stateslo gurrapu janabha yokka praamukhyata.
19va sataabdam chivaralo gurram uchchasthitilo undindi. aaviri mariyu railvela sataabdamgaa sudeerghakaalam pariganinchabadina 19va sataabdam annintikante gurrapu sataabdam. railu ravana mariyu gurrapu ravaanaalu paripuurakaramainavi. bangaaru yugamlo united stateslo gurraala janabha janabha 7 millionla nundi telusu 25 millionlaku perigindi. pattana gurralu eee janabhalo 11 nundi 12 saatam matrame praatinidhyam vahinchinappatikii, pattana abhivruddhilo vaati praamukhyata gananeeyamgaa ekkuvagaa undhi. telusu, sagatu saandrata united states looni 46 atipedda nagarallo chadarapu mailuku 426 gurralu, mariyu newyork nagaram mariyu chikagolo 500. telusu, gurralu manhatton, chikago mariyu philadelphialo nivasinchaayi mariyu panicheesaayi. nedu, "dhi newyork times" ilaa rasindi "newyork chakraalapai nadavali, mottam janabha tappaka drive cheyali... idhi spashtamgaa sthiramaina nagaram "anie annaru.
kutumba jeevitam mariyu fraansku tirigi vellandi.
newyorklo, alegzander litard newyork kuu valasa vacchina french valasadaarula kumarte emily josephine stouvenelnu vivaham chesukunnadu. vaari ekaika kumarte, maerii-luis mariyu newyorklo janminchindi, akkada aame perigaaru. perigaaru, paarislooni opera jillaalo oka vilaasavantamaina brassels dukaanam ayina grande myson dii blanck yokka saakhanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki newyork vacchina octave baayarnu aame vivaham chesukunnaru. aidava avenueloni newyork dukaanam dukaanam moosiveyabadindi. telusu, paarislooni grande myson dii blanck, boulevard dess capusins directorga octave boyer niyaminchabadinappudu, alegzander leutard padavee viramana chesi thana bhaaryatho kalisi fraansku tirigi vacchaadu, taruvaata mastishka kadalika kaaranamgaa wheel chairpy aadharapaddadu, mariyu athani kumarte mariyu alluditho. liavutard thana kumarteto atanni lekunda vellanivvadaaniki chaalaa daggaragaa unnaadani telustondi. vaaru 14, evenue dii opera vadda oka vilaasavantamaina bhavanam yokka nalgava antastulo oka vistaaramaina apartmentlo nivasinchaaru.
ika abhyasakudu kaanappatikee, liatard aneka karyakalapalanu abhivruddhi cheyadam konasaginchadu. newyork american veterinary kaalaejeeki gourava deanga, athanu thana american sahodyogulato france nundi vistrutamaina karaspandensnu konasaginchadu mariyu thana american veterinary review kosam sampaadakeeyaalu rayadam konasaginchadu. konasaginchadu emmanuel leklaincheku krutagnatalu teluputuu, idhi france yokka pasuvaidya academy (academy vetrinire dii france) gaa maarina pasuvaidya vaidya kendra sangham samavesalalo ayana palgonnaru. athanu athanu daani adhyakshudayyadu. 1914 nundi, athanu belgiumlo upasamanam kosam herbert hoover (taruvaata united states adhyakshudayyadu) praarambhinchina commission kaaryakalaapaalaku aardhika sahayanni andinchaadu, german aakramita belgianiki sahayam andinchadaaniki.
athanu, athanu 19va sataabdapu chinna chaateyu, laa maare aux serfs, bois-gerom-seyint-yuen vadda, vernon sameepamlo, yure loe konugolu chesaadu. akkade ayana 1918 april 18naa gundepotuto maraninchaaru.
pani mariyu vijayalu.
alegzander leutard fraanslo antagaa teliyanippatikee, athanu american pasuvaidya vrutti charitralo aadhipatya vyaktigaa united states pasuvaidya prapanchaaniki prasiddhi chendaadu mariyu gurtinchabaddadu.
american veterinary medical association (avma) 150va vaarshikotsavam sandarbhamgaa, sandarbhamgaa, association journal, dhi javmalo janavari 1,2013 naati oka vyaasam, american pasuvaidya vrutti charitralo 12 mandhi atyanta prasiddha vyaktulalo okarigaa aayananu abhivarninchindi mariyu aaa samvatsaramlo, journal prachurinchina vyavasthaapakula pannendu jeevita charitralalo modatidaanni aayanaku ankitam chesindi
"pasuvaidya vidya yokka "vyavasthaapakudu", pasuvaidya paatasaala vyavasthaapakudu mariyu deane.
united stateslo (grate britainlo vale conny fraanslo kakunda), modati pasuvaidya paatasaalalu private samsthalu. vaaru anusandhaaninchabadina vishwavidyaalayaala maadirigaane, chaalaa ippatikee unnaayi. chattabaddhamgaa gurtinchabadina modati american pasuvaidya kalaasaalalu 1850 mariyu 1860 madhya philadelphia, boston mariyu newyork nagarallo srushtinchabaddaayi. nedu, nedu sthaapinchabadina ayova state university college off veterinary medicine, athanu sthaapinchabadina university off pensylvania school off veterinary medicine (penvet), (penvet) sthaapinchabadina ohiyo state university college off veterinary medicine, mariyu loe sthaapinchabadina carnell university college off veterinary medicine, ippatikee panichestunna naalugu puraatana american pasuvaidya samsthalu. rikaardu kosam, lyon mariyu alfort yokka french pasuvaidya paatasaalalu varusaga 1761 mariyu mariyu sthaapinchabaddaayi, sthaapinchabaddaayi ekol national veterinire dii tolouse srushtinchabadindi mariyu mariyu praarambhinchabadindi mariyu mariyu landanlooni raayal veterinary kalaasaala praarambhinchabadindi. dheeni modati principal french pasuvaidyudu, charless viyal dii seyint bell, athanu lyon pasuvaidya paatasaalalo sikshana pondaadu.
newyork college off veterinary sarjanlu.
philadelphia, boston mariyu newyorkloni modati moodu american pasuvaidya kalaasaalalu vijayavantam kaaledu mariyu ekkuva kaalam konasagaledu. konasagaledu airish muulaaniki chendina doctor doctor zaan busteed (1815-1876) chetha sthaapinchabadina newyork college off veterinary sarjanlu, united stateslo pasuvaidya bodhanaku nijamaina purvagaamigaa pariganinchabadutundi, conny conny vidyaarthula korata kaaranamgaa eee samstha moosiveyavalasi vachindi. doctor busteed thana prajectunu vidichipetti vidichipetti thana paatasaalanu punarvyavastheekarinchaledu. 1860 nundi newyorklo unna liatard appatike 205 lexington avenuelo praamganaanni erpaatu chesaadu. athani apakeerti appatike baga sthirapadi undaali mariyu mariyu praarambhinchina thana sonta bhavanamlo, private erpaatu dwara eee kalaasaalanu unchadaaniki athani sthaanam taginanta surakshitamgaa undaali. athanu bodhanaa sibbandilo sabhyudiga unnadu mariyu praamganamloo abhyasakudiga thana karyakalapalanu konasaginchadu, idhi athani aastigaa migilipoyindi. vaidyulu bodhanaa sibbandilo bhaagamgaa undevaaru. undevaaru, busteed padavee viramana chesi, leutard ayana taruvaata bodhanaa samstha adhyakshudiga baadhyatalu sweekarinchaaru. eee samsthanu dharmakartala boardu nirdesinchindi. nirdesinchindi dharmakartala mandalilo vibhedaalu talettaayi. anni bodhanaa sibbandi rajinama chesi, thana sonta paatasaalanu sthaapinchina leutardnu anusarinchaaruh american veterinary college.
newyork college off veterinary sarjanlu saadhyamainanta uttamamgaa panicheyadam konasaaginchaaru mariyu cheyadam liatard darsakatvam vahinchina american veterinary collegetho vileenam cheyadam dwara puurti chesaaru. ayana mottam 292 mandhi graduate veterinary sarjanlaku sikshana icchaaru. eelogaa, kontamandi upaadhyaayulu 1878 nundi 1884 varaku konasagina columbia pasuvaidya kalaasaalanu srushtinchadaaniki bayaludaeraaru mariyu mottam 82 mandhi pattabhadrulaku sikshana icchaaru.
american pasuvaidya kalaasaala.
1875 eprillo, newyork pasuvaidya shastravaidyula kalaasaala moosivesina rendu nelala taruvaata, american pasuvaidya kalaasaala, 141 west 54 va veedhiloo athanu konugolu chesina kotta bhavanamlo, liatard aadhvaryamlo oka private sthapanagaa praarambhinchabadindi. kalaasaala mariyu pasuvaidya clinic rendoo leutard yajamanyamlo undevi, athanu telusu padavee viramana chesi fraansku tirigi vachhe varaku akkada bodhinchaadu mariyu practies chesaadu.
upadhyayudiga mariyu pramukha vaidyudigaa matrame kakunda, maajee vidyaarthula vruttiparamaina network managerga mariyu adbhutamaina nirvahakudiga kooda, ayana sikshana pondina, mariyu ayana thana journal, "american veterinary review" dwara vaaritho sambandham kaligi, maddatu icchinanduna, anni rangaalalo liatard yokka vyaktigata medhavi kaaranamgaa kalaasaala vaegamgaa prasiddhi chendindi.
1887 eprillo, leutard ilaa vraasaadu 
american pasuvaidya kalaasaala yokka aasupatri vibhagam yokka clinical karyakalapalu etaa prachurinchabaddaayi; mariyu ayana munupati 12 samvatsaraalanu eee krindi vidhamgaa sangrahinchaaruh
eee mottam kaalamlo, eee phalitaalannii etuvanti bahya maddatutoe sweeya-aardhika sahayam dwara pondadam visaeshamainadi. ayinappatikee, thana paatasaalanu abhivruddhi cheyalane leutard yokka aasayaalaku prabhutva adhikaarula nundi sahayam kakapoyina, kaneesam private sahakaram vale, american samskruti private choravaku anukuulamgaa undataaniki, atuvanti maddatu avasaram, mariyu mariyu athanu american veterinary kalaasaala phalitaalapai mariyu "newyork herold" prachurinchina anukuulamaina sampaadakeeyampai aadharapaddadu, appudu united stateslo atyanta vistrutamgaa chadavabade vaartaapatrika, dheeni nundi leutard "american veterinary review" loe eee krindi saaraamsaalanu punarutpatti chesaadu.
 1875 mariyu 1899 madhya, american pasuvaidya kalaasaala 629 mandhi pattabhadrulaku sikshana ichindi.
liatard mariyu kotta pasuvaidya kalaasaalala srushti.
thana sonta vruttiparamaina vijayam kante, idhi khachitamgaa praadhamikamainadi, conny annintikante minchi thana aasayaalanu santrupti parachadaniki maargaalanu andinchindi, liatard yokka goppa project anedi vaidya vrutti vale vruttiparamgaa mariyu saastriiyamgaa gurtinchabadina vyavastheekruta american pasuvaidya vrutti aavirbhavaanni srushtinchadam ledhaa prothsahinchadam. itara rashtraallo abhivruddhi cheyalsina itara kaaryakramaalaku taginantagaa kendrapalita praantaanni ayana pariganinchaaru, mariyu athanu prothsahinchadam eppatikee aapani vruttiparamaina pramaanaanni gowravinchela andarini prothsahinchaaru.
american pasuvaidya vaidya charitralo maroe goppa paeru ayina james chattamtho athani sambandham eee vishayamlo chaalaa bodhanaatmakamainadi. scottish muulaaniki chendina pasuvaidyudu ayina james laa, newyork raashtramloni ithaca, ippudu carnell vishwavidhyaalayamlo sthaapinchina pratyaekamaina agronomy vishwavidhyaalayamlo pasuvaidya bodhananu andinchadaaniki ezra carnell chetha niyaminchabaddaadu. adhe raashtramlo, newyork nagaramlo, manhatton loe american pasuvaidya kalaasaala unnappatikee, eee private vishwavidhyaalayamlo pasuvaidya vaidya kalaasaalanu srushtinchadaaniki james laa baadhyata vahinchindi. liatard thana journal yokka kaalamlanu nyaayasaastraaniki terichi, thana bodhana mariyu vishwavidyaalaya prajectulaku maddatu icchaadu, avi chivariki pasuvaidya vaidya kalaasaalaku daariteesaayi, idhi american pasuvaidya kalaasaala kosam nirdesinchina pasuvaidyulaku sikshana ivvadaaniki adhe saasanaalu mariyu vruttiparamaina pramaanaalanu vartimpajesindi, mariyu yea sandarbhamloonuu idhi sikshana anubhavasaastra prasna kaadu
idhi american pasuvaidya sameekshalo thana drushtini mariyu prajectunu vivaristuu, parisoedhana-anusandhaanita unnata vidya yokka demandlaku anugunamgaa mariyu dheeniki prabhutva adhikaarula nundi maddatu pondina thana drushtini mariyu prajectunu vivaristuu, chattam tananu taanu teevramgaa samarthinchukundi. liautard yokka aneka mandhi maajee vidyaarthulu carnell vishwavidyaalayam pasuvaidya kalasalalo mariyu unionloni itara raashtraalloni pasuvaidya kalasalallo bodhinchaaru.
james laa oka american vishwavidyaalayam yokka modati pasuvaidya professor mariyu pasuvaidya sikshana yokka shaastreeya pramaanaanni baga meruguparicharu.
vijayam mariyu vishaadamh chattam mariyu liatard katha".
" "vijayotsavamu mariyu vishaadamh nyayamu mariyu liavutard katha" ": eee padaalaloonae 1997 nundi 2007 varaku carnell pasuvaidya kalaasaala deanga unna donald smith, liavutard mariyu nyaayasaastram madhya sambandhaanni vivarinchaadu, idhi thana jeevitapu panini phalinchina nyaayasaastraaniki" "vijayam", "carnell pasuvaidya kalaasaala srushtilo, idhi united statesloni 30 pasuvaidya paatasaalallo modati sthaanamlo undhi, anduvalla prapanchamlo modatidi, modati nundi konni samvatsaraala kritam varaku, californialo davis chetha tolaginchabadataaniki mundu". inca deane smith abhiprayam prakaram, oka "vishaadam", idhi ithaca graameena praantaala kante newyork nagaramloni vishwavidyaalaya prapanchamlo oka pradhana pasuvaidya paatasaalanu kaligi undataaniki leutard yokka vyuuhaatmaka drushtini pariganinchindi, idhi uttamamainadi.
pasuvaidya kalaasaalalanu vishwavidyaalaya vyavasthalo vileenam cheyadam.
cheyadam, american veterinary kalaasaala newyork college off veterinary sarjansto vileenam ayi newyork american veterinary kalaasaalanu erpaatu chesindi, indulo leutard deanga unnaaru. adhe samayamlo kalaasaala newyork vishwavidyaalayam (oka private vishwavidyaalayam) loe bhaagamaindi, tadwara american vishwavidyaalaya vyavasthalo pasuvaidya sikshananu choppinchadaanni pariganinchina leutard anchanaalanu santruptiparustundi, anni american unnata vidyaasamsthala maadirigaane, sweeya-spashtamainadi. carnell vishwavidyaalayam (oka private vishwavidyaalayam) loe loe erpaatu chesina carnell pasuvaidya kalaasaala maadirigaane, newyork rashtram nundi newyork rashtra pasuvaidya kalasalaga aasinchina sahayanni pondadaaniki eee anubandham oka mundastu avasaram. tii prakaram.eff. newyork vishwavidyaalaya charitrakaarudu johns, "pasuvaidya paatasaala, daani prarambham nundi, vanarula alpata valla debbatindi, idhi utsaahabharitamaina adhyaapakula aatma tyaagam dwara matrame upasamanam pondindi". newyork state veterinary collegega newyork american veterinary kaalaejeeki gurtimpu labhinchadam valla "metropolitan paatasaalaku albany assembly nundi ithaca looni daani graameena sodari kalaasaala maadirigaane aardhika maddatu labhistundani" aasinchadam saadhyamayyedi, conny liatard padavee viramana chesi telusu fraansku tirigi vacchaadu. eee lakshyam maarindi saadhinchabadindi.
maarindi jarupukunna american veterinary medical association yokka 50va vaarshikotsavam american veterinary medisinku liatard chesina sahakaranni gurthuchesukovadaaniki mariyu rush ess dwara ataniki chesina toasting prasamgaanni tirigi andinchadaaniki sandarbham. american pasuvaidya kalaasaala 25va vaarshikotsavam sandarbhamgaa huidecoper
newyork vishwavidyaalayam newyork rashtra pasuvaidya kalaasaala moosiveta.
moosiveta, newyork vishwavidyaalayam newyork rashtra pasuvaidya kalaasaala moosiveyabadindi, carnell vishwavidyaalayam yokka newyork rashtra pasuvaidya kalaasaala matrame migilipoyindi. vaahanaala vegavantamaina vistarana kaaranamgaa, mariyu pempudu jantuvugaa kukka bharti cheyabadataaniki mundu, pasuvaidya abhyardhula sankhyalo apaaramaina paraspara sambandha taggimputoe (1914 mariyu 1924 madhya, pasuvaidya vidyaarthula sankhya union antataa 75 saatam padipoyindi), gurrapu janabha teevramgaa taggadam eee moosivetaku dohadapadindi. dohadapadindi kalaasaala deane horace hoskins maranam taruvaata nirnayaatmaka amsam, carnell kalaasaalapai tama aardhika maddatunu kendrikarinchina samvatsaraaniki newyork rashtra paripalana nundi aardhika maddatunu nilipiveyadam. anduvalla eee roeju newyork nagaramlo pasuvaidya kalaasaala ledhu.
united statesloni rendu pradhana pasuvaidya kalaasaalalu oke samayamlo mariyu adhe kaaranaala valla karyakalapalu nilipivesaayih mukhyamgaa sainyam kosam sikshana pondina graduatelu ayina chikago pasuvaidya kalaasaala (1883-1920), mariyu sikshana pondina consas city pasuvaidya kalaasaala (1891-1918), mariyu sikshana pondina chikago yokka emsi killip pasuvaidya kalaasaala (1892-1920), idhi graduatelaku sikshana ichindi mariyu apaaramaina clinical kaaryakalaapaalato kaaryakalaapaalato chikitsa pondina kesulu) anubandhinchabadindi.
eee pasuvaidya kalaasaalala srushti mariyu moosivethalu united stateslo pasuvaidya bodhana charitralo oka mukhyamaina lakshanamgaa unnaayi, ikkada 41 pasuvaidya paatasaalalu moosiveyabaddaayi.
american veterinary profession organizer ett dhi origin off dhi american veterinary medical association.
association, philadelphialo pasuvaidyula sthaanika samavesamlo, robbert gennings (philadelphialo pasuvaidya vaidya modati kalaasaala vyavasthaapakudu) united stateslo pasuvaidya abhyasa sthaayini meruguparachadaaniki jaateeya congress nirvahinchaalani pratipaadinchaaru mariyu dheeni kosam zaan busteed (newyork pasuvaidya shastravaidyula kalaasaala vyavasthaapakudu) thoo sahaa aahvaaninchabadina pasuvaidyulu, oka.ess. cope myaan, eah. liatard, mariyu charless emm. chekka. juun 9,1863naa newyork nagaramlo kalavalani nirnayinchaaru. kalnal charless eah. pasuvaidya vrutti snehitudu mariyu maddatudaaru ayina stetson, vaariki thana hotel, auster house loe oka pedda gadini icchaadu, appudu newyork looni atyanta pratishtaatmaka hotel. eee modati congress 7 raashtraalaku praatinidhyam vahistunna 40 mandhi pratinidhulanu samavesaparichindihi newyork (rashtram), masachusets, newjersey, pensylvania, maine, ohiyo mariyu delaware.
united states veterinary medical association anae paerutoe unna association juun 10,1863naa srushtinchabadindi. liatard kaaryadarsigaa ennikayyaaru. aaa samayamlo 28 samvatsaraala vayassulo, athanu kevalam moodu samvatsaraalu matrame americalo nivasistunnadu mariyu appatike vrutti yokka atyanta pramukha vyaktulalo okarigaa pariganinchabaddaadu. athanu 1874-1875,1875-1876 mariyu 1886-1887 laloe adhyakshudiga konasaagutaaru.
konasaagutaaru, telusu fraansku padavee viramana chesina taruvaata, leutard american veterinary reviewlo ilaa vraasaadu pratisaaree eee sandarbham tananu taanu pradarsinchindi, mariyu prothsaaham paramgaa, leutard european veterinary medicine thoo poliste american veterinary medicine yokka balamaina amsaalanu nokki cheppadaniki eppuduu vadulukoledu, fransto sahaa.
sahaa, united states veterinary medical association american veterinary medical association (avma) gaa maarindi. maarindi, septembaru 1,2,3,4 mariyu 5naa newyork loe jarigina association yokka 50va vaarshikotsava samavesamlo, doctor hoskins thana bhaaryatho fraanslo undaalsina "vrutti pitamahudu" kuu adbhutamaina nivaali arpinchaaruh prarambha sessionlo, leutard pampina prasangam chadavabadindi, dheenilo athanu association charitranu tirigi chadivaadu.
nedu avma oka saktivantamaina vruttiparamaina samstha mariyu vividha vruttiparamaina samuuhaalu, freelance pasuvaidyulu, paripalana, bodhana mariyu parisoedhana, parisrama modalaina vaati madhya vibhajinchabadina sabhyula kante ekkuva mandhi unnaaru. dheeni pradhana karyalayam illinayisloni shamberg loe undhi.
leutard, journalist mariyu editor ː dhi american veterinary review.
marchi 20,1876naa, american veterinary medical associationku mundu unna yuu. ess. emm. vii. eah., "american veterinary review" prachurananu praarambhinchindi. alegzander leutard pradhana rachayitagaa niyaminchabaddaadu, 1900 varaku ayana aaa padaviloe konasagaru, ayana sampaadakudigaa kooda unnaaru. koraru, association aayanaku viraalamgaa ichindi, sameeksha kosam mariyu vrutti kosam ayana saadhinchina krushiki gurtimpugaa. J prakaram. american pasuvaidya vrutti charitrakaarudu fred smith cars, sameekshanu niyantrinchadam dwara, athanu thana aalochanalanu mariyu thana vruttiparamaina abhivruddhi karyakramanni "puurtigaa swatantramgaa" vyaktam cheyagaligaduh 
journal yajamani ayina liatard, pasuvaidya vruttiloo anni rangaalalo, prastuta ledhaa inca raboye karyakalapalalo munduku tecchi abhivruddhi chesina pratipaadanalaku dheenini oka vahakamga marcharu. athanu daanini thana sankshipta mariyu saktivantamaina sampaadakeeyaalatoo oka aayudhamgaa kooda upayoginchaadu, dheenilo athanu saadhaarana manchi, jaateeya aasakti ledhaa vruttiparamaina naitikataku addankigaa anipinche deeninainaa khandinchadaaniki prerepinchabaddaadu.
vruttini nirvahinchadam.
ayana aneka mariyu vaividhyamaina vruttiparamaina samsthalalo, pasuvaidya prajaarogyam mariyu pasuvaidya diploma rakshanaku sambandhinchina vaati gurinchi pratyaekamgaa prastaavinchaalih
pasuvaidya prajaarogyam.
1880 lone, antu bovin pleuro pneumonia vyaapti samayamlo, antu vyaadhula niyantrana kosam aarogya karyakramanni erpaatu cheyaalani unionloni federal prabhutvam mariyu rashtraalanu liatard koraru. koraru, athanu rashtra pasuvaidyulanu erpaatu cheyaalani demand chesaadu. eee antuvyaadhi entha teevramgaa undho, daani phalitamgaa grate britton mariyu kenadaaku american pasuvula egumatini british prabhutvam nishedhinchindi. nishedhinchindi, eee aankshala kaaranamgaa federal adhikarulu eee vyaadhini nirmuulinchadaaniki usda lopala pasuvaidya sevanu srushtinchaaru, daani disanu daniel elmer salmonku appaginchaaru, athanu athanu dheenini janthu parisrama beuroga marchadu. kottagaa srushtinchina eee praja sevalo paalgonadaaniki ledhaa sthaanam pondadaaniki liatard thana vidyaarthulanu gattiga prothsahinchaadu mariyu avasaramaite vaarini rakshistaadu. aaa vidhamgaa vidhamgaa, praja seva pasuvaidyulapai upayoginchina "raajakeeya gillitine" kuu vyatiraekamgaa ayana teevramgaa matladaru, idhi raajakeeya maarpulaku pratispandanagaa, vaari saamarthyaanni parigananaloki teesukokunda, dopidi vyavastha baadhitulu, vaari tolagimpuku daariteeyavachchu.
pasuvaidya diploma yokka niyantrana.
niyantrana, british pasuvaidya muulyaankana samstha, raayal college off veterinary sarjanla council yokka 65 mandhi videshee gourava sabhyulalo liatard matrame american pratinidhi.
eee british namuunaanu oka praatipadikagaa upayoginchi, 1882 janavarilo athanu pareekshakula bordunu ennukoodaaniki baadhyata vahinche pasuvaidyula sangham roopamlo americaloni pasuvaidya sarjanla kalaasaalanu srushtinchadaanni prothsahinchadaaniki oka sampaadakeeyaanni ankitam chesaadu, dheeniki diploma manjuru chese pratyeka hakku undhi, idhi pasuvaidya vaidyaanni abhyasinchadaaniki gurtinchabadina mariyu avasaramaina ekaika arhata, mariyu dheeniki vidyaarthulu eee pareekshala boardu mundu tudi pareeksha rayavalasi untundi.
eee project project national board off veterinary medical examiners (nbvme) yokka avima dwara srushtinchabadindi mariyu mariyu jaateeya boardu pareeksha (nbe) praarambhinchabadindi. aasakti sangharshanhalanu nivaarinchadaaniki, enn. bii. vii. emm. ii ippudu avma nundi swatantramgaa undhi, mariyu pasuvaidya anchanaa kosam antarjaateeya mandali (ii. sii. vii. eah) gaa paeru maarchabadindi. janavari janavari, oka kampyootareekarinchina muulyaankana vidhanam, uttara america pasuvaidya licensing pareeksha (navle) nbe sthaanamlo vachindi.
shaastreeya purogatini prothsahinchadam.
adhe samayamlo, american pasuvaidya sameeksha samacharam mariyu vruttiparamaina sikshana kosam matrame kakunda, janthu aarogya rangamlo panichestunna luis paster, robbert coach, edmond nocard, henry tussaint, auguste chouvio modalaina goppa european saastravettala sahakaaraaniki krutagnatalu teluputuu shaastreeya gnaanaanni vyaapti cheyadaaniki oka maargamgaa kooda panichesindi.ayana raasina vyasalanu ayana aanglamloki anuvadinchaaru.
paastarku maddatu.
maddatu american pasuvaidya sameeksha yokka modati sanchikallo, leutard taanu "hetubaddhamaina pasterian" anie nokkichepparu, vyaadhi yokka suukshmakrimula siddhaantaaniki kattubadi, henry bauli vanti, aaa samayamlo atyanta prasiddha french pasuvaidyudu, upadhyayudu mariyu abhyasakudu, french academy off scienceslo 1877 mae 7naa anthrax yokka bacteria etiologypy taruvaati prasiddha upanyasanni prachurinchaaru. thana rachanalu mariyu bodhana dwara, athanu mottam american pasuvaidya vruttini eee vidhaanaaniki sabhyatvaanni pondadaaniki nadipinchaadu, adhe vidhamgaa french bauli tarvaata chestundi, ayithe united states mariyu france rendintiloonuu vaidya prapancham chaalaa taruvaata chestundi.
appaginche kaalam javma.
javma, rosco aarr. american veterinary kalasalalo maajee vidyaarthi mariyu professor ayina bell, leatardto saha-sampaadakudigaa maararu. telusu, doctor robbert doubleu. ellis patrikalo moodinta oka vanthu yajamani ayyadu mariyu daani nirvahanaku baadhyata vahinchaadu. leutard senior editargaa, bell editargaa konasagaru. 1915 septembarulo, american veterinary medical association sameekshanu konugolu chesindi mariyu prachuranaku "journal off dhi american veterinary medical association", dhi javma anie paeru maarchabadindi, idhi eee roeju association off american veterinaries yokka adhikaarika patrikagaa manaku telusu. telusu fraansku padavee viramana chesina liatard, thana maranam varaku prati samasyaku thodpadatam konasaginchadu.
vyaktitvam.
athani asaadhaaranamaina shakti mariyu kashtapadi panicheyagala saamarthyam, eee guruvu thana vidyaarthulu mariyu maajee vidyaarthulapai chuupina tejassu, mariyu vaaru ataniki icchina prasamsa, gowravam mariyu aapyaayata, american veterinary review mariyu javmalo nivedinchabadina samavesalu mariyu testimonials yokka karyakalapalanu chaduvutunnappudu pratyaekamgaa nilustaayi.
thana vidyaarthulapai mariyu athani kaalamlooni pasuvaidyulapai liatard prabhavam.
smith cars raasaaru 
liatard mariyu american jaateeyata.
jaateeyata society central dii medicine vetrinire prachurinchina santaapa patrikalo, athanu athanu adhyakshudiga unnappudu, okaru ilaa vraasaaru ayinappatikee, american samaajamlo athani adbhutamaina vijayam mariyu paripuurna ekikarana unnappatikee, liatard thana french jaateeyatanu nilupukunnadu. newyork vishwavidyaalayam newyork american veterinary kalaasaala deane padavini chepattadaaniki newyork tirigi raavaalani liatardnu vedukunna newyork vishwavidyaalayam chhaansalar henry mccrackenku 1902 september 28naa pyaris nundi raasina lekhalo, liatard ilaa samaadhaanamichaaduh "neenu naa jaateeyatanu unchukunnaanu anae vaastavam, neenu newyorklo nivasinchinappudu unnatlugaa, abhyantaraalanu levanettagaladu". smith kaarlu ilaa kooda perkonnaruhu "athanu nalabhai samvatsaraalu united stateslo nivasinchi, chinna sampadanu sampaadinchinappatikii, athanu ennadoo pourudu kaaledu. ikkada thana jeevitamlo ekkuva bhaagam atanni thana sannihita sahacharulu aapyayamgaa "frenchi" anie pilicheevaaru-bahusha athani mukham meeda kakapoyina.
rahasyam yokka oka amsam.
thana naalugo vidya samvatsaram praarambhamlo pasuvaidya paatasaala nundi vidyaarthigaa bahishkarinchadaaniki gala kaaranaalu, appatike thana 3va samvatsaramlo mandalimpunu andukunna taruvaata, "teevramaina dushpravartana" kosam, teliyavu. conny thana gowravaanni andukodaniki taginanta adrushtam laeni thana paie adhikaarulatho ituvanti saktivantamaina mariyu bahirangamgaa matlade paatra gharshanaku digadaanni sulabhamgaa oohinchavachhu. athanu taruvaata americalo laeni sahodyogulanu kalankaparachadaaniki upayoginche adhe kathinamaina padaalaloo eee vishayanni vaariki teliyajeyadam asadhyam kaadu. okavela idhe jarigithe, mariyu eee samayamlo french pasuvaidya paatasaalallo atyanta teevramaina kramasikshanaa nibandhanalanu telusukunte, aaa taruvaata vacchina manjoorunu ardham chesukovacchu. liatard aaa samayamlo unna atyanta pramukha vyaktula patla etuvanti dweshaanni vyaktam chesinatlu anipinchadu, mukhyamgaa darsakudu yujeen renault mariyu clinical professor henry bauli, aayanaku thana sameekshalo aneka sandarbhaallo nivaalulu arpinchaaru.
smith kaarla prakaram "chinna sampada" sampaadinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchina athani vruttiparamaina karyakalapala yokka yea aardhika khaataalanu memu paaraveyamu, conny athanu yajamani ayina paatasaalalo saktivantamaina naayakatvaanni matrame kakunda, eee samayamlo newyorklo atyanta pramukha pasuvaidyudigaa unna pramukha mariyu laabhadaayakamaina sthaanaanni kooda kaligi unnaadani memu oohinchavachhu.
thana bodhana mariyu vruttiparamaina karyakalapalalo thana mottam pettubadi, thana jeevitaantam varaku, antey athanu fraansku tirigi ravadam aascharyakaramgaa undatame kakunda, nimpadam kashtamgaa unna shoonyatanu kooda srushtinchindi, enthavaraku antey, paina suuchimchinatlugaa, newyork vishwavidyaalayam yokka chhaansalar, henry mccracken, deanga thana vidhulanu nirvahinchadaaniki tirigi raavaalani koraadu. liatard thana ekaika kumarteto chaalaa anubandham kaligi unnaadani, aame fraansku tirigi vachinappudu aame nundi vaeru kaavadaaniki angeekarinchaledani soochinchabadindi. ippudu teevra manasika balaheenatalo unna thana bhaarya patla thana bhakti, aaa samayamlo, thana jeevitamlo nalabhai samvatsaraalu thana vruttiki ankitam chesina taruvaata, thana kutumba kartavyamgaa bhaavinchinadaanni enchukunnatlu kooda choopistundi, athanu thana jeevitaantam varaku eee sevanu konasaginchinappatiki.
pratyaekatalu mariyu nivaalulu.
leutard andukunna ekaika french bhedaalu vyavasaya yogyata yokka kramamlo gurram mariyu gourava sainyam yokka gurram. newyork loe paster institute sthaapananu sulabhataram cheyadamlo andinchina sevalaku gurtimpugaa idhi pradaanam cheyabadindani athani legian off hohner certificate suuchistumdi, athanu pasuvaidya salahaadaaru.
alegzander leutardku andinchina goppa nivaali emitante, athanu inca sajeevamgaa unnappudu, mariyu pere latchoys smasaanavaatika vadda markerpy "american pasuvaidya vrutti yokka tandri" gaa vrayabadinatluga, eee roeju gowravinchabadaali.

