
eurgetism

eurgetism (ledhaa evergetism, greeku nundi, "manchi panulu cheyandi") anedi samaajamlo unnata sthaayi mariyu dhanavanthulaina vyaktulu tama sampadalo kontha bhaganni samaajaaniki pampinhee chese puraatana paddhati. eee aacharam roman samaajamlooni poeshaka-client sambandha vyavasthalo kooda bhaagamgaa undedi. eee padaanni french charitrakaarudu andrey boulanger roopondinchaaru, taruvaata paal wean rachanalalo upayoginchaaru.
hellenistic kaalamlo abhivruddhi.
cree puu 4va sataabdam rendava bhaagamlo, prabhutva samsthala aardhika nirvahanalo lothaina maarpulu sambhavinchaayi. dhanavanthula nundi nidhulu lekunda, kaneesam prateekaatmakamgaa, eee samsthala chattabaddhatanu nagaram prashninchavacchu. avasaramaite ledhaa balavantamgaa cheyakapothe dhanavanthulu tamaku kaavalasina vidhamgaa sahakarinchadam ledani aalochana udbhavinchindi. adhe samayamlo, kristupurvam 355 loe, demosthenes thana "leptainlaku vyatiraekamgaa" dhanavanthula nundi viraalaalu lekapovadam gurinchi prastaavinchaadu, alaage genophone "poroi" loe kooda paerkonnaadu.
sataabdam chivaralo, demetrius falarius rendu atyanta mukhyamaina athenian samsthalanu raddu chesaadu. triremla nirmaanaaniki maddatu ichhe pannu ayina trirarchy ikapai avasaram ledhu, endukante 322loe athens otami taruvaata antarjaateeya rangam nundi vaidoligadu. antekakunda, aneka samsthalaku maddatu ichhe oka rakamaina saktivantamaina saamskrutika programmer ayina coregus padavini ennukoobadina mariyu prabhutva nidhulatho kuudina nyaayavyavastha-"adhyaksha pootii (agonothesy), dheeni nidhulaku rashtram maddatu ichindi".
ayithe, aneka gourava degreelu andubaatulo unnaayi, idhi nagaram maddatu icchina vatiki adanamgaa swachchandamgaa vaaru chesina mottaalu maajee coregus kharchunu minchipoyayani choopistundi. anduvalla, 284/3 loe, ennikaina agonothetai, kavi phillippeeds, athanu kharchu chesina dabbuku nagaram tirigi chellinchaledu. adevidhamgaa, kontamandi paatha nyaayaadhikaarulaku tarachugaa vaari yajamani nidhulu samakurchevaruh athens, poojaarulu saadhaaranamgaa tyaagam baadhitulaku andistaaru, soundarya sadhanalu chesevaaru mariyu hellenistic kaalamlo ephebianu paryaveekshinchadam konasaginchinappudu, ippudu adhi thana sonta dabbutho ekkuva tyaagaalu, pootiilaku bahumatulu mariyu parikaraalu mariyu bhavanala saadhaarana nirvahanaku nidhulu samakuurustumdi. aaa padavini kaligi unnavaaru daani chaarj yokka aardhika kharchunu sweekaristaarani yea patram perkonaledu, athani gouravaartham etaa prachurinche entreelu samstha yokka pravahanni paryaveekshistaayani chuuputaayi, eee nagaram eee samvatsaram kharchu cheyavalasina avasaram ledani kondaru nokki chepparu.
anduvalla kramamga idhi daatrutvaaniki daggaragaa panicheyadaaniki empika cheyabadindi, idhi, aristatle rasinatluga, atyanta mukhyamaina [...]..]nyaayaadhikaarulu tama praja kharchulanu jatacheyaali, tadwara prajalu paalgonadaaniki angeekarincharu mariyu nyaayamuurtulaku vaaru tama nyaayavyavasthalaku pedda mottaanni chellinchaalsina vidhamaina aanandaanni kaligi untaaru. anduvalla, "vaari soukaryam vadda, nyaayamuurtulu adbhutamaina tyaagaalu chestaaru, konni smaaraka chihnalu mariyu prajalanu nirmistaaru, taruvaata vindulu mariyu vindulalo palgontaru, mariyu nagaranni adbhutamgaa alankarinchina devalayalu mariyu bhavanalanu chuusi, raajyaamgaanni nirvahinchaalani korukuntaru mariyu adhi vaaru tayaaru chesina vastuvula yokka aneka andamaina saakshyaalato dhanavanthula kosam untundi.
ayithe, cree. puu. 2va sataabdam madhyakaalam varaku., greeku daatrutvam veenlooni nirvachanamtho saripolaledu. phillip gouthier pradarsinchinatlugaa, idhi chaalaa tarachugaa "pratyaekamgaa adhikaarika mariyu poura (nyaya mariyu adhikaarika vyaparam) loe jarige daatrutvam". antekakunda, kristupurvam 4va sataabdamloo mariyu bahusha unnata hellenistic kaalamlo kooda, eee nagaram thana labdhidaarula (labdhidaarulu) kosam itara pourula kante unnatamaina pratyeka hodaanu srushtinchaledu, mariyu idhi vaari naanhyatanu gurtistundi, labdhidaaru anae birudunu kaadu. swachchanda viraalaalu (epidosis) prati okkaroo, thana aadaayaaniki anugunamgaa, aneka pratibha ledhaa konni pensula bahumati dwara nagaram patla thana nibaddhatanu pradarsinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchina vidhamgaane, aame vaariki krutagnatalu teluputuu, "yea itara pourudainaa, conny adhika sagatutho athani sevatho lechi nilabadandi".
konasagimpu mariyu tiraskarana rendoo" anae prardhana vyavastha pakkana vaaru abhivruddhi chendadamtho, nagaraniki daani sabhyulalo atyanta dhanavanthula seva kharchulanu vaari kaaranamgaa adhikaarika gowravaalaku mundu ekkuva praadhaanyatanistuu nirdesinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. anduvalla, avasaramainappudu, atyanta atyavasara avasaralaku, anavasaramaina kharchulu lekunda, mariyu daani unnatavargamloni sabhyulaku ottidi bhavananu ivvakunda, vaari vyaktigata viniyogaaniki vaari sampadanu book chesukune saamarthyaanni nilupukune vidhamgaa, aaa nidhulanu pondavacchu.
praardhanala kramamga adrushyam hellenistic kaalam yokka padajaalam maarpidilo sambhavinchindihi paeru-mariyu kriya-daani ardhaanni khachitamgaa "nagaram vidhinchina kharchu" antey "praja prayojanam kosam chesina kharchulo teesukunna edainaa bhaagam" anie ardham, oka prabhutva karyalayam (nyaya ledhaa archakatvam) thoo kalipi.
roganirodhaka vyavastha yokka eee durbalatvam eurgetism nundi praardhanaku hellenistic kaalam chivarilo puurtavutumdi. aaa samayamlo roman saamrajyam antataa amalulo unna aardhika nagaraalato aardhika nagaralanu polchavachhu, wean thana pustakam "bread und circus" loe vislaeshimchina puurti eurgetism.
hellenistic audaaryam.
hellenistic audaaryam anedi dhanavanthulu paedalaku sahayam chese saamaajika paddhati. idhi hellenistic prapanchamlo modatisaarigaa kanipinchindi. roman republicklo consul, prater ledhaa edil vanti unnata magistrate padavulanu korinappudu idhi dhanavanthulaina pourulaku naitika baadhyatagaa maarindi. paedha pourula patla audaaryam anae bhaavanalo vinodam mariyu poura vindulu, alaage theatres, kachereelu (kachereelu mariyu upanyaasa mandiraalu), grandhaalayaalu, snaanapu gadulu, vyaayaamasaalalu, fountainlu mariyu marketlu vanti nagara soukaryaalu kooda unnaayi, ivi "dheenini nirminchaayi ledhaa marammatu chesaayi (, 'thana sonta dabbutho chesaru')."
eurgetism yokka mugimpu.
cree. sha. 3va sataabdam nundi, aardhika ottillu yurjetijamnu aacharanalo pettadanni marinta kashtataram chesaayi, mariyu ekkuvagaa praantiiya ledhaa diocession budgetla nundi teesukunna saamraajya nidhulatho bharti cheyabaddaayi. justinian maranam taruvaata private eurgetism chivariki adrusyamaindi mariyu daani sthaanamlo mataparamaina swachchanda pathakaalu vachayi.
grandha pattika.
roland otgen greeku eurgetism yokka aardhika namuunaa. loeh roland otjen (hcsg.): "selecusid charitra, naanhyataasaastram mariyu puraavastu saastramlo kotta drukpathaalu."" getzel emm gouravaartham adhyayanalu. kohain. dii gruter, "berlin/boston 2020, pp. 108-122.
chadavaalani suuchimchaaru.
shaastreeya prapanchamlo poeshaka/client vyavasthanu ardham chesukovadaniki oka adbhutamaina muulam arjan juiderhoek yokka 'roman saamrajyamlo audaaryam yokka rajakeeyaalu'.