
christiania electriscay sporeway

eah/ess christiania electriscay sporvy ledhaa kess, blue tramway () anae maaruperuto, oslo tramwaylo bhaagamgaa 1894 mariyu 1924 madhya panichesina oka samstha. idhi paschima oslo, briscaby line mariyu fragner linelo naalugu linela netvarknu nirminchindi, idhi majerstewn varaku nadichindi, mariyu maroe rendu varusa linelu, skoen line mariyu lillikar line. ivanni gernbanetorjet vadda mugisina city center dwara oka saadhaarana lineku anusandhaninchabaddayi.
oslo (appudu christiania anie piluvabade) loe rendava tram operatorga kess sthaapinchabadindi. idhi sevalanu praarambhinchinappudu idhi scandinavialo modati vidyut tramway. idhi modata class eah tramla samudaayaanni upayoginchi skill bekku briskibi line mariyu skoen line terichindi. taruvaata company mottam 78 motaru kaarlu mariyu 66 trailerla kosam class yuu mariyu class ss tramlanu kooda arder chesindi. 1903loe skoen cherukunnaru. fragner line modati bhaagam 1902loe praarambhinchabadindi, 1914loe puurtayimdi. lillikar line 1919loe lillikarku nirminchabadindi. kess mariyu daani pootiidaaru christiania sporvicelscab (kss) rendintinee mae 1924loe oslo municipality swaadheenam chesukuni oslo sporvierga maarindi. take-ovarlo lillikar line cherchabadaledu mariyu operationloni eee bhaagam beramsbenenga konasaagindi.
charitra.
sthaapana.
oslo tramwaynu 1875loe christiania sporvicelscab dwara horsekar networkga sthaapinchaaru. 1887loe idhi ell. kosam chesina pratipaadananu tiraskarinchindi. real estate developer ayina samson, thana prajectulaku sevalu andinchadaaniki majerstewn kuu oka line nirminchadaaniki. anduvalla ayana injaneerlanu hetch. ii. hairdall mariyu eah. fenger-crogg, videshaalalo tramways adhyayanam chesina rendovadu. airopalo itara vidyut tramwaylu lenappudu, vaaru aaa samvatsaram munisipaaliteeki oka darakhaastunu pampaaru. ayithe, company electric tractionu upayogistundani application spashtamgaa perkonaledu. kotta linelu veyadamlo kss thana praadhaanyatanu konasaaginchindi.
oslo eest station velupala unna chadarapu gernbanetorjet nundi majerstewn varaku rendu linelaku samuuham anumati pondindi. idhi incognitogaten mariyu drammensvian nundi skoen varaku oka saakhanu andukuntundi, idhi mottam dhooram. ovar head vairla viniyogadaaruni nagara injanir nirutsaahaparichaaru, conny taruvaata germany paryatana tarvaata ayana manasu marchukunnaru. eee samasyapai 1892 mae 19naa purapalaka mandali nirnayam teesukundi. eee raayiteeki muppai samvatsaraala vyavadhi undhi, indulo municipality padihenu samvatsaraala taruvaata mariyu vyavadhi mugimpulo companyni purapalakatva hakkunu konasaaginchindi.
1892 octoberulo jaarii chesina 800,000 norwegian crone (enosi) viluvaina sherlu oka nelaloo ammudayyayi. 1892 december 16naa christiania electriscay sporveeni vileenam chesaaru. hairdall boardu chairmanga niyamitulayyaaru, eee padavini ayana 1917loe thana maranam varaku konasaaginchaaru. fenger-krognu managing directorga niyaminchaaru. tramlu mariyu vidyut parikaraalanu pampinhee cheyadaaniki aaru companylu vaelampaatalu chesaayi; alzhemine electrigitats gesselshaft (eiji) gelichi edu taragatula motaru tramlu mariyu aidu trailarlu pampinhee chesindi. juun 1893loe tracklanu vaeyadaaniki oppandam hetch. kuu jaarii cheyabadindi. doubleu. vessel. company thana oslo laisworker nundi vidyut konugolu cheyadaaniki munisipaalitiini darakhaastu chesindi, conny tiraskarinchabadindi. anduvalla majerstewn vadda vidyut kendraanni nirminchaalani nirnayinchindi. adhe sthalamlo idhi modati deponu nirminchindi, idhi germany nundi mundugaa tayaaru chesina mudatalu pettina galvanized inupa nirmaanam. mottam 817,572 pettubadulu vachayi.
prarambha karyakalapalu mariyu vistarana.
test runlu 10 janavari 1894naa prarambhamayyayi. modati nordic electric tramway yokka adhikaarika praarambhotsavam 2 marchi 1894naa jarigindi mariyu marusati roeju saadhaarana operation praarambhamaindi. idhi airopalo praarambhamaina edava electric tramway. bahiranga charchalo aandolanalalo okati, pootiiloo unna kss vanti gurralu, gurram lagakunda tram parugettadam chudalevu. pootiidaaru kaarmika sangham kess tama tramla mundu stuffed gurralanu upayoginchaalani pratipaadinchindi, conny gurralu tvaralo swayampratipatti vahananni edurkovadam neerchukunnaayi. modata tramlu prati aaru nimishaalaku okasari nadichevi, conny idhi panicheyadam kashtamgaa maarindi mariyu idhi enimidi nimishala purogatiki tagginchabadindi.
praarambhamlo motaru menlu tikketlu nadapadam mariyu vikrayinchadam rendintinee chesevaaru, conny idhi oka vyaktiki samarthavantamgaa cheyagalige pani chaalaa ekkuva anie kanugonabadindi. anduvalla kandaktarlanu daadaapu ventane pravesapettaaru. majerstewn nundi tramlu nindipoyi, chaalaa mandhi prayaanikulu pattanamloki nadavavalasi vachinanduna, parkween vadda skoen line mariyu briskibi line madhya correspondence nirvahana panicheyaledani telindi. eee vidhamgaa april nundi kess skoen lineloni skillebeck nundi gernbanetorjet varaku pratyaksha sevalanu pravesapettaadu. company vadda chaalaa takkuva tramlu unnayani, samvatsaram chivari natiki maroe naalugu pampinhee cheyabaddaayani ventane telindi. skoen line december 31naa fragnergaden varaku vistarinchabadindi.
asalu network paas chese looplatho puurtigaa oke track. pratyaksha tramlu raddi peragadaaniki daariteesaayi, anduvalla 1896loe kess parkween nundi gernbanetorjet varaku double track vaeyadaaniki anumati kosam darakhaastu chesindi. anumatilo bhaagamgaa, municipality companylo aidava vanthu vaatadaarugaa maaradaaniki kottagaa jaarii chesina sherlanu 200,000 kuu konugolu chesindi. 1898loe pani praarambhamaindi, indulo parkween nundi incognitogaten mariyu bogstadween nundi valkyrigaten varaku tracklanu taralinchadam kooda undhi. 1898loe majerstewn kosam double track praarambhinchabadindi, mariyu moodu samvatsaraala taruvaata skoen linelo praarambhinchabadindi. rendodi tunn kuu podigimputoe kalipi undhi.
company kramamga thana naukaadalaanni vistarinchindi mariyu 1898 natiki iravai okka taragati tramlu mariyu pannendu trailerla pampineeni teesukundi. oka samvatsaram taruvaata maroe aaru trailarlu pampinhee cheyabaddaayi. georgen barth 1898loe managing directorga baadhyatalu sweekarinchaaru. adhe samvatsaram holmencolen line praarambhinchabadindi mariyu majerstewn vadda kess mariyu holmencolbanen tramla madhya badilee jarigindi. company 1899loe thana modati tommidi pedda taragati yuu tramla pampineeni teesukundi. dheeni taruvaata 1902loe maroe aidu mariyu 1905 mariyu 1906loe maroe aidu. 1901 nundi kess signal meeda aagadaaniki badulugaa kramam tappakunda staplanu pravesapettindi.
company tadupari pani skoen line vistarinchadam mariyu fragner plaas dwara majerstewn varaku oka marganni nirminchadam. kss kuu modata daani westbanen line kappala varaku vistarinchadaaniki anumati ivvabadindi, conny vaaru 1901 lopala nirmaanaanni praarambhinchaalsi vachindi. vaaru deenni cheyadamlo viphalamainappudu, badulugaa municipality kesku anumati ichindi. company nirmaanaanni praarambhinchindi mariyu parkween nundi fragner plaas varaku fragner line yokka modati bhaagam 1902 octoberulo praarambhinchabadindi. aaa samvatsaram kess enimidi saatam dividend chellistondi. aaa samayamlo baigdoy line anie paeru pettabadina skoen line 1903 juun 21naa skoenku vistarinchabadindi. taruvaati samvatsaraallo takkuva pettubadi undhi, ayithe 1907 mariyu 1908loe company fragner mariyu tune kosam double track nirminchindi. 1907 natiki company vaarshika aadaayam 7,00,000gaa undhi.
taruvaata operations.
tramwaynu konugolu cheyadaaniki 1909loe munisipaaliteeki hakku labhinche varaku, 1908loe kess viluva 3 miliyanlugaa anchanaa veyabadindi. 1899loe munisipal yaajamaanyamloni christiania kommunale sporveeni sthaapinchadam mariyu 1905loe daanini kss kuu vikrayinchadam vanti amsaala nepathyamlo eee samasya charchinchabadindi. 1905loe jariginatlugaa 1908loe municipalisation gurinchi ilanti unnata sthaayi charcha jaragaledu. dheeniki kaaranam appatike nagara mandalilo balamaina sampradaayavaada majority undatam-munisipal tramwaynu vyatirekinche party. badulugaa municipality oka oppandaanni kudurchukundi, dheeni dwara company sthuula aadaayamlo naalugu saatam pondhi, 1914 nundi aidu saataaniki perigindi.
1909loe vidyut kendram upgraded cheyabadindi, boggu viniyogaanni kilowatt avar nundi tagginchindi. ekkuvagaa thana udyogi sreyassu gurinchi aandolana chendutuu, tram yokka open platfam baelanu kappipuchukovalani company nirnayinchindi. idhi kontavaraku kotta rolling stock konugolu dwara kramabaddheekarinchabadindi. chivari aidu taragati yuu raillu 1909loe pampinhee cheyabaddaayi, mottam iravai naalugu raillaku teesukuvacchindi. tramlu kaneesa vakra vyaasaarthamlo padava vanthu kante ekkuva wheelbase undakudadane nammakamtho aaa samayamlo parimitam cheyabaddaayi. idhi tappu anie niroopinchabadindi, idhi tramway kotta mariyu pedda tramlanu arder cheyadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. modati enimidi taragati ss tramlu adhe samvatsaram pampinhee cheyabaddaayi. 1912loe delivareelu tirigi prarambhamayyayi, taruvaati rendu samvatsaraalalo maroe iravai aaru taragati ss unitlu pampinhee cheyabaddaayi.
1909loe sankhya sevalu pravesapettabaddaayi. sankhya maargaalanu pravesapettina rendu tramwaylalo kess modatidi mariyu athi takkuva ankelanu pondindi. briscaby lineku 1, fragner line 2 mariyu skoen line 3 sankhyalu unnaayi. perigina rolling stock 1910 nundi prati aidu nimishaalaku chaalaa sevalanu nadapadaniki anumatinchindi. ks mariyu kss 1912loe tama sevalanu merugga samanvayam cheyadaaniki oka oppandaaniki vachayi. idhi modata hegdehagsvianloni anusandhaana maargamlo saakaaramaindi, idhi tramlanu startervet nundi ulewal hazeby line dwara majerstewn varaku nadapadaniki anumatinchindi. skillebeck vadda mankdemswian dwara oka anusandhanam nirminchabadindi, idhi westbanen lineku skoen lineku pravesaanni anumatistundi. fragnerlo 1914 jubely exhibitiontho kalipi, fragner line kirkeveen venta 1914 mae 15naa majerstewn varaku vistarinchabadindi. septemberlo majerstewnlo 75 vaahanaalaku sthalamtho kotta depo praarambhinchabadindi-idhi scandinavialo atipeddadi.
moodava anusandhanam 1915loe praarambhinchabadindi, idhi gernbanetorjetnu compen line mariyu valerenga lineku vogmansgata, brugata mariyu waterland vantena venta anusandhanam dwara kaluputundi. 1915 natiki veedhi tram network padamudu sevalanu kaligi undhi, veetilo rendu kess dwara nirvahinchabadutunnaayi mariyu aaru ummadi karyakalapalu. homensbian mariyu fragner dwara majerstewn varaku anni sevalu ummadi sevalu. ummadi sevalu line venta track yaajamaanyaaniki anugunamgaa saapeksha sankhyalo tramlanu nirvahinchabadataayi mariyu prati company tama sevalapai srushtinchina aadaayaanni unchutundi. modati mahilaa kandaktarlanu 1916loe niyaminchaaru. 1918,1919laloe pedda wheelbase mariyu baadiilatoe padhi paatha taragati tramlanu punarnirminchaaru, dheeniki adanamgaa 37 kotta motaru tramlu mariyu 56 kotta trailarlu unnaayi.
company praarambhamainappati nundi idhi oka raid kosam 10 eurola vasoolu chesindi, conny idhi 1918loe 15 eurolaku penchabadindi, eee dhara daani migilina charitraku maaradu. atuvanti besi mottaanni nirvahinchadam sulabhataram cheyadaaniki, token naanhelu prachuryam pondaayi. avi parimaana taggimputoe vikrayinchabaddaayi mariyu saadhaaranamgaa oslo loe 15 orla viluvaina sampradaaya naanem vale upayoginchabaddaayi. eee kaalamlo desham dravyolbanaanni edurkontondi. kess mariyu kaarmika sangham vaetanaala pempupai oka oppandaaniki ralekapovadamto, companyki 1920 janavari 11 nundi marchi 22 varaku sammeku guraindi. daani chaarjeelanu tagginchadaaniki municipality pratipaadana dwara idhi parishkarinchabadindi. oppandamlo bhaagamgaa, udayam mariyu madhyahnam 5 gantala prayaanikula dharalu raddu cheyabaddaayi.
company 1912loe bestom mariyu orakar cherukovalane uddesyamto skoen line yokka marinta podigimpunu chudatam praarambhinchindi. vaaru 1913loe anumati kosam darakhaastu chesukunnaru, idhi juulai 1915loe jaarii cheyabadindi. kess ventane lillikar line nirmaanaanni praarambhinchaadu. 1919 mae 8naa trial parugulu jarigaayi, marusati roeju line adhikarikamga lillikarku teravabadindi. migilina network maadirigaa kakunda, lillikar line suburban light railga nirminchabadindi, idhi veedhullo kakunda pratyaekamaina linelo nadustundi. kess 1917loe marinta podigimpula pranaalikanu praarambhinchaadu mariyu 1921loe avlosku eee marganni vistarinchadaaniki anumati pondaadu.
purapalaka vyavastheekarana.
kess mariyu kss rendintikee raayiteelu undevi, avi adhe teedeena, marchi 1924loe gaduvu mugisai. eee samayamlo munisipaaliteeki samaana viluvatho companylanu konugolu cheyadaaniki swechcha undedi. eee vishayanni pariseelinchadaaniki 1922loe purapalaka sanghaanni niyaminchaaru. kess viluva 9 millionlu kaga, kss viluva 12.5 millionlu. oslo municipality lillikar line swaadheenam chesukovadaniki aasakti chuupaleedu, endukante idhi poruguna unna akar munisipaalitiiloo undhi. kamiteelo majority vileenam pratipaadinchindi mariyu kss sudeergha raayiteeni pondindi, ayithe minoritylu tramvelanu nagaram konugolu cheyaalani sifaarsu chesaaru. moodava empika, prabhutva mariyu private yaajamaanyamloni samyukta samstha kooda pratipaadinchabadindi, ikkada municipality yaabhai okka saatam vatanu kaligi untundi.
eee amsaanni council executive boardu pariseelinchindi, idhi tommidi otlaku vyatiraekamgaa padakondu otlatho ummadi prabhutva-private pratipaadanaku maddatu ichindi. vaadana ekkuvagaa saiddhaantikamgaa undih edama paksham private pettubadidaarulaku aardhika prayojanaalanu teesukuvacchinanduku kudi vaipunu aaropinchagaa, kudi vaipuku chendina vaaru purapalaka kaaryakalaapaalaku taginanta aardhika parisoedhanalu jaragaledani edama vaipuku aaropinchaaru. decemberlo munisipal councillo eee amsampai ootu veyabadindi, ummadi namuunaaku 41 mandhi councillarlu maddatu istundagaa 43 mandhi vyatiraekamgaa ootu vaesaaru. taruvaati vaaru communistu party mariyu laber party sabhyulu, vaariddaruu purapalaka swaadheenam kosam anukuulamgaa unnaaru. kotta company, christiania sporveer, mae 1924loe vileenam cheyabadindi mariyu anni veedhi tram karyakalapalanu chepattindi. tram company maadirigaane 1925 janavari 1naa nagaram thana paerunu osloga maarchukundi.
purapalaka vyavasthatho, chaalaa aastulu oslo sporveerku badilee cheyabaddaayi. dheeniki minahaayimpu lillikar line, dheenini private company unchindi. aaa bhaganni kotta tram companyga marcharu. veedhi tramlu oslo sporveerku badilee cheyabaddaayi, ayithe konni juulai 1 varaku unchabaddaayi, appudu lillikar line beckestuvaku vistarinchabadindi. adhe roeju pannendu taragati suburban tramlanu upayoginchindi.
network.
kess nagara kendram gundaa oka saadhaarana line, moodu saakhalu, oka suburban line mariyu kss netvarkku moodu connectionlatho kuudina netvarknu nadipedi. veedhi tram networklo briskibi line, skoen line mariyu fragner line unnaayi. skoen line suburban lillikar linega konasaagindi. kess yokka anni panktulu ippatikee upayogamlo unnaayi. company yokka saadhaarana track vibhagam oslo eest station velupala unna chadarapu gernbanetorjet vadda udbhavinchindi. eee line strandgatalo praarambhamai toll bugata nundi akarsgata varaku konasaagindi. akkada nundi adhi startingsgatanu daati, drammensvian venta konasaagindi.
briskibi line saakhalu saadhaarana vibhagam nundi parkween varaku unnaayi, akkada adhi ridderwolds gate paiki velli, majerstewn cherukune mundu briskibeaveen, holtegata mariyu bogstadween venta konasaagindi. skoen line drammensvian nundi skoen varaku nadustundi. skoen nundi lillikar line kooja varaku konasaagindi. lillikar line oka suburban light rail mariyu seyint vembadi daani swantha rait-off-vae loe nadustundi. edmonds vii, bestamween mariyu jonas dalls vii. skoen line mariyu briscaby line vidipoyina ventane, fragner line, skoen line nundi soley plaas vadda drammensvian mariyu fragnervian koodalilo saakhalu erpaddaayi. fragner line fragnervian nundi fragner plaas varaku nadustundi, idhi asalu terminus. 1914 nundi eee rekha kirkeveen nundi majerstewn varaku konasaagindi.
company oka deponu nirvahinchindi-majerstewn depo. indulo moodu bhavanalu unnaayi, veetilo atipedda bhavanamlo 75 vaahanaalaku sthalam undhi. indulo tramway kosam vidyuttunu utpatti cheyadaaniki upayoginche boggu aadhaarita ushna vidyut kendram kooda undhi. majerstewn samstha yokka paripalanaku, alaage holmencolbanen kosam depoku pradaesam. chaalaa varaku kess soukaryaalu koolchiveyabaddaayi, conny oka haall migili undhi mariyu dheenini oslo tramway museum upayogistundi.
rolling stock.
company mottam 78 motaru kaarlu mariyu 66 trailarlu konugolu chesindi; motaru vahanalalo 20 taruvaata trailarlugaa marchabaddayi. delivareelu vividha tayaareedaarula nundi vachayi, veetilo ekkuva bhaagam german. ekaika norwegian shareera tayaareedaaru scabo. tramlu moodu taraalaku chendinavi, okkokkati vaati swantha taragati hodaanu kaligi unnaayi. chaalaa tramlu kss kuu pampinhee cheyabadina adhe taragatiki chendinavi. kess tramlu neelam rangulo paint cheyabaddaayi, anduvalla vaati maaruperuku "neelam tramway" daariteesindi.
modati taragati tramlu, class eah, alzhemine electrigitats gesselshaft (eiji) mariyu pii chetha tayaaru cheyabaddaayi. herbrand & sea.rendoo germanyki chendinavi. under carriagelanu bargishe stallindustry nirminchaaru. avi open platfam bays mariyu cabin kaligi unnaayi. daadaapu oke vidhamaina lakshanaalatoo iravai unitlu nirminchabaddaayi. tramlu podavugaa, vedalpugaa undevi. avi baruvu mariyu rendu enbi80 motorlanu kaligi unnaayi, ivi kalipi prabhavanni kaligi unnaayi. minahaayimpu moodu unitlu, ledhu. 118 nundi 120 varaku, ivi marinta saktivantamaina vbn120 motorlanu kaligi unnaayi, ivi kalipi untaayi. vaariki padahaaru mandhi koorchune chotu, pannendu mandhi nilabade gadhi undevi. companylo herbrand nirminchina muppai rendu saaruupya trailaru unitlu kooda unnaayi. tramlalo okati, ledhu. 117, anedi norsk electrisk & braun boveri nundi motarlatho scabo nirminchina namuunaa.
1899 mariyu 1906 madhya iravai naalugu taragati yuu tramlu pampinhee cheyabaddaayi. vidyut bhaagaalanu union-electricitats-jesselshaft mariyu baadeelanu falkenried mariyu scabo nirminchaaru. tramlu rendu ge52 motorlanu kaligi unnaayi, ivi kalipi vidyut utpattini kaligi unnaayi mariyu mottam baruvu 2.82. avi podavainavi mariyu bahiranga platfam belatho nirminchabaddaayi. prati unitlo iravai mandhi koorchune saamarthyam mariyu padnaalugu mandhi nilabadi prayaaninchae saamarthyam undedi. 1924loe rendu unitlanu punarnirminchi, oka spashtamaina tramnu roopondinchaaru. ayithe, idhi paelavamaina byaanku-vakrarekhallo pattalu tappe avakaasam undani niroopinchabadindi mariyu ennadoo aadaaya sevalo pettabadaledu.
kess 1909 mariyu 1914 madhya muppai naalugu class ss motaru cheyabadina tramlu mariyu iravai rendu trailerla pampineeni teesukunnadu. avi seamens-scookertwerke nundi vidyut bhaagaalanu kaligi unnaayi mariyu veetini herbrand, falkenried mariyu scabo vividha rakaluga nirminchaaru. vaari pradhana aavishkarana emitante, wheelbasenu penchadam, idhi sariiraanni podavu cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. modati padakondu podavainavi kaga, migilinavi podavainavi. modati enimidi unitlalo rendu dii72vii motorlu undevi, ivi mottam vidyut utpattini andistaayi. taruvaati unitlalo vidyut utpatti undedi.
rendava pampinhee cheyabadina unit, ledhu. 102, nuu norwegian museum off sains und technology bhadraparichindi. rendu ss motor unitlu, ledhu. 1913 nundi 307 mariyu nem. 1918 nundi 322, mariyu oka trailaru, nem. 347, oslo tramway museum dwara samrakshinchabaddaayi.

