nalupu gonthu gala neelam warbler

block-throated blue warbler (setophaga searulescence) anedi kotta prapancha warbler kutumbaaniki chendina oka chinna passerin pakshi. dheeni santanotpatti shrenulu thoorpu uttara americaloni akuralche mariyu mishrama sankhaakaara adavula lopali bhaagamlo unnaayi. challani nelallo, idhi carabian mariyu madhya americaloni dveepaalaku valasapotundi. idhi paschima airopalo chaalaa arudugaa kanipistundi, ikkada idhi swadesheeyetara jaatigaa pariganinchabadutundi. nalupu-gonthu neelam warbler laingikamgaa dviruupamgaa untundi; vayojana magavaariki nalla mukham mariyu buggalu, lothaina neelam eguva bhagalu mariyu telupu diguva bhagalu untaayi, ayithe vayojana aadadi paina olive-godhuma rangu mariyu krinda laetha pasupu rangulo untundi.
pradhanamgaa purugumandulanu tine, nalupu gonthu gala neelam warbler sheethaakaalamlo berrylu mariyu vittanaalatoe daani aaharaanni bharti chestundi. idhi dattamaina podalalo goollanu nirmistundi mariyu daani goodu pradaesaalu bhoomiki daggaragaa undatam valla adavilo warbler pravartana adhyayanam kosam idhi oka ishtamaina jaatigaa maarutundi. nalla gonthu gala neelam warbler goodu kattadam mariyu sheethaakaala aavasala kosam oke jaatiki chendina itara pakshula nundi thana bhoobhaganni rakshistundi. nalla gonthu gala neelam rangu warbler kuu goodu kattadaniki pedda, vichchinnam kaani atavee praantaalu avasaram kabatti, daani sankhya taggutondi.
vargeekarana mariyu phylogeny.
german prakruti shaastravetta johann friedrich gymeline gymeline nalla gonthu gala neelam warbler gurinchi vivarinchaadu. daani jaathi paeru latin visaeshanhamaina "searulescence" antey "neelam ranguloki maaradam".
nalupu-gonthu neelam warbler anedi parulidae kutumbaaniki chendina kotta prapancha warblerlu ledhaa kalapa-warblerlalo okati. eee jaatini modata "dendroica" jaatiki chendinadigaa unchaaru. unchaaru mitochondrial dna mariyu nuclear dna yokka iteevali phylogenetic vislaeshanha nundi kanugonna vivaraala aadhaaramgaa, idhi iteevala "dendroica" jaatiki chendina anni itara sabhyulatho paatu "setophaga" jaatiki chendina sabhyudiga sardubaatu cheyabadindi. paatha jaathi "dendroica" appudu tolaginchabadindi. eee jaatilo, dheeniki pratyekinchi daggari bandhuvulu laerani telustondi.
eee jaatulu uttara americalo mariyu sheethaakaalamlo carabianlo santanotpatti chestaayi. konni adhyayanalu santanotpatti paridhiloo uttara mariyu dakshina janabha madhya valasa pravartana mariyu eeka rangu paramgaa gananeeyamaina thedaalanu gamaninchaayi. uttara janabha pradhanamgaa paschima carabian (cuba mariyu jamaika) loe siitaakaalaalu gaduputundagaa, dakshina janabha saadhaaranamgaa siitaakaalaanni thoorpu dveepaalalo (hispaniola mariyu puerto rico) gaduputaaru. antekakunda, dakshina janabhalo magavaaru uttara janabhalo kante muduru rangu eekalu kaligi untaaru. eee thedaalu jeevasaastravettalu vaatini pratyeka upajaatulugaa pariganinchadaaniki daariteesaayi. ayithe, united stateslo iteevala jarigina oka adhyayanam uttara (michigaon, nyuu hampshire mariyu newyork raashtraala nundi namuunaalu) mariyu dakshina janabha (uttara carolina nundi namuunaa) madhya gananeeyamaina janyu vyatyaasaanni velladinchaledu. adhyayanam phalitaalu vaastavaaniki oke himanadeeya saranaalayam nundi iteevali janabha vistarananu chuuputaayi, anduvalla prastuta janabha janyusaastram paramgaa sajaateeyamgaa undhi. uttara mariyu dakshina janabha madhya gamaninchabadina vyatyaasam chaalaa iteevala sambhavinchi undaali.
vivarana.
nalupu gonthu gala neelam warbler podavu mariyu baruvulo kolustundi. rekkalu 7.5-7.9 angulaala (19-20 sem. mea) varaku untaayi. idhi balamaina laingika dviruupa pakshi. vayojana magavaariki nalla gonthu, mukham mariyu paarsvaalatoe tellati diguva bhagalu untaayi. eguva bhagalu lothaina neelam rangulo untaayi. aparipakva magadi okela untundi, conny pacchani eguva bhaagaalato untundi. aada pakshiki olive-godhuma eguva bhagalu mariyu laetha pasupu diguva bhagalu muduru rekkalu mariyu thoka, buudida rangu kireetam mariyu chempapai godhuma rangu patches untaayi. rendu lingaalaku sannani binduvu notlu mariyu chinna tellani rekkala patches untaayi, ivi ellappuduu kanipinchavu. aneka itara warbler jaatula maadirigaane, idhi vasanta mariyu vesavilo rangurangula eekalu kaligi untundi. ayithe, santanotpatti kaalam velupala daani eekalu sannaga mariyu takkuva vilakshanamgaa untaayi. saradrutuvulo, nalupu gonthu gala neelam warbler nuu daani chinna tellani rekkala patches dwara vaeru cheyavachu. baaluralo godhuma rangu eguva bhagalu, kreemu supersilium mariyu gonthu, rommu mariyu kadupupai godhuma rangu macchalu untaayi.
pakshi patanu paiki vangadamtho kuudina 'gunjukunnadi' gaa varninchavachhu. daani pilupu flat '.
pampinhee mariyu aavasalu.
nalupu gonthu gala neelam warbler oka valasa jaathi. idhi samasheetoshna paripakva akuralche adavulalo ledhaa dattamaina understorytho kuudina mishrama sankhaakaara-akuralche adavulalo santanotpatti chestundi. eee jaathi tarachugaa eshaanya united states mariyu aagneya kenadaaloni konda mariyu parvata praantaalalo kanipistundi. vesavi chivaralo, idhi sheethaakaalam kosam pedda antileseloni ushnamandala adavulu mariyu podalu gala aavaasaalaku valasapotundi. valasa maargam venta, nalla gonthu gala neelam rangu warbler nuu paarkulu mariyu thotalu vanti aavasalalo chudavachu. 
nalla gonthu gala neelam warbler yokka aavasalanu nirnayinchadamlo paatra pooshinchadamloo daani goodu sthalam daani metha sthalam kante chaalaa mukhyamainadi. nalupu-gonthu neelam warbler oka bahiranga goodu jaathi, idhi bhoomiki chaalaa daggaragaa goollu pedutundi, kabatti idhi vaeta pramaadam saapekshamgaa takkuvagaa unna rakshita goodu pradaesaanni enchukoovaali.
pravartana.
aaharam mariyu metha.
nalla gonthu gala neelam warbler takkuva vrukshasampadalo churukuga metha vestundi, konnisaarlu egurutuu keetakaalanu kadilistundi ledhaa pattukuntundi. idhi tarachugaa oka praantaaniki vellae mundu kontakaalam paatu methagaa untundi. idhi pradhanamgaa gongali purugulu, crain flies mariyu salepurugulu vanti akasherukaalanu tintundi. idhi sheethaakaalamlo vittanaalu, berrylu mariyu pandlatho daani aaharaanni bharti cheyavachu.
maga mariyu aada ververu metha pradaesaalanu ishtapadataaru. magavi saadhaaranamgaa podha podala madhya tirugutuu undagaa, aadavi diguva porallo methagaa untaayi. santanotpatti kaalamlo maga metha ekkada untundo adhi prabhaavitam chestundi. rekkalu tine samayam vachinappudu, magavaaru aadavaariki samaanamaina metha poraku vastaaru.
nalupu gonthu gala neelam rangu warbler ekkuvagaa pandiri badulugaa understorylo methagaa untundi. under storyloni pedda aakulu mariyu podavaina kommalu daani metha pravartanalanu prabhaavitam chestaayi. nalla gonthu gala neelam rangu warbler daani eranu grilling kakunda tarachugaa oogutundi, endukante mandapati understory aakula madhya sekarinchadam chaalaa kashtam.
santanotpatti.
nalupu gonthu gala neelam warbler oka ekaswamya jaathi. dheeni santanotpatti kaalam saadhaaranamgaa maeloe praarambhamai joolailo mugustundi. paatala pakshuluga, maga nalupu gonthu gala neelam warbler mruduvaina sraavyatanu padatam dwara stree drushtini aakarshistundi. aadadi metha vestunnappudu ledhaa goodu katte pradaesaala kosam vetukutunnappudu athanu aamenu anusaristaadu. aadavadu vishraanti teesukoovadaaniki aagipoyina ventane, magavadu thana rekkalanu koddigaa kindaki dinchi, thana talanu munduku mariyu paiki chaachi, thana notunu terichi, aada vaipu chustadu. aada kooda thana rekkalanu kampinchadam dwara magavaariki pradarsanalu istundi. pratispandanagaa, magavadu aadavaarini 2-3 sekanla paatu eguravesi, aapai egurutaadu. 
loe 1996, parisoedhakulu nalla gonthu neelam warbler takkuva podha saandrata plaatlu poliste aaharam marinta samruddhiga unna adhika podha saandrata kaligina gatti chekka adavulalo nivasinchadaaniki ishtapadataaru chuupimchaaru. eee adhika podha saandrata aavasalalo, warblerla saandrata ekkuvagaa undatame kakunda, janabha vayassu sagatu kooda paatadi, kaneesam rendu samvatsaraala vayassu gala maga mariyu aadavaru untaaru.
nalupu gonthu gala neelam warbler daani moolyaankanam mariyu goodu pradaesaala empikalo saamaajika suuchanalanu upayogistundi. mukhyamgaa, idhi itara magavaaru ichhe santanotpatti anantara paatalanu vintundi. eee paatalu balamaina taatkaalika aadharapadataanni kaligi untaayi. magavaaru santanotpatti kaalam praarambhamlo mariyu garishta sthaayilo paadataaru, conny paatalu punarutpatti vijayanni suuchimchavu. santanotpatti kaalam mugimpulo, vijayavantamgaa jatacheyabadina magavadu padatam konasaagistaadu, ayithe punarutpatti cheyadamlo viphalamaina magavadu aavasaanni vidichipedataadu. anduvalla, santanotpatti anantara paatalu nirdishta aavasalalo punarutpatti vijayaniki nammadagina suuchikalu mariyu janana mariyu santanotpatti chedaragottevaariki avasaramaina samacharanni andistaayi. vrukshasampada nirmaanam yokka pratyaksha anchanaa yokka saampradaaya aalochanatho poliste, swara sanketam chaalaa samarthavantamgaa mariyu sulabhamgaa pondavacchu, anduvalla manugada mariyu punarutpattilo saamaajika sambhaashana yokka prayojanaanni velladistundi. ayithe, stree, santanotpatti anantara paatalaku neerugaa spandinchadu. badulugaa, goodu katte pradaesaalanu nirnayinchadamlo aame magavaalla unikipai aadhaarapade avakaasam undhi.
adanapu jatha samyogam.
nalupu-gonthu neelam warbler samajikamga ekaswamya jaathi ayinappatikee, magavaaru tarachugaa itara magavaari bhoobhagalalo gamaninchabadataru, idhi adanapu-jatha mattings sambhavinchadaanni suuchistumdi. nyuu hampshireloni hubbard brook prayogaatmaka adavilo oka adhyayana sthalamlo microsatilites dwara goodu katte paerentnu gurtistaaru. adanapu-jatha phaladeekaranam jarugutundani mariyu adanapu-jatha sairlalo ekkuva bhaagam porugu bhuubhaagaallooni magavaari nundi vachayani phalitaalu chuupistunnaayi. chaalaa takkuva adanapu jatha sairlu matrame suduura bhuubhaagaala nundi vachayi. eee sthaanika punarutpatti paraspara charyaku intaku mundu nirvahinchina maroka adhyayanam kooda maddatu istundi, idhi adanapu jatha phaladeekaranaalu sthaanika samakaaleekaranatoo balamgaa mariyu sanukoolamgaa paraspara sambandham kaligi unnayani kanugontundi, ayithe janabha sthaayi samakaaleekaranatoo gananeeyamaina sambandham ledhu.
purushulu jeevita bhaagaswaamini kapade paniloo palgontaru, eee kaalamlo streelu vijayavantamaina adanapu janta sambhogaalaku ekkuvagaa guravutaaru. vaaru saadhaaranamgaa tama saamaajika bhaagaswaamiki daggaragaa untaaru, pakkane nemmadigaa paadataaru mariyu aame goodu katte pradaesam kosam vetukutunnappudu ledhaa vetukutunnappudu bhaagaswaamini anusaristaaru. ayithe, rakshana pravartana, adanapu-jatha phaladeekaranaala kosam purushula anveshanaku viruddhamgaa undavacchu. adanapu jatha phaladeekaranaala kante magavadu jeevita bhaagaswaamini kaapaadataaniki enthavaraku ishtapadatado inca spashtamgaa teliyadu. magavaadini nilupukune adhyayanalu magavaadini tolaginchadam valla santhaanamlo adanapu-jatha santaanam vachhe avakaasam perugutundani choopinchaayi, idhi sahacharudini kapadatam valla adanapu-jatha phaladeekarana prayatnaalanu taggistundani suuchistumdi. santanotpatti pramaada kaalamlo purushulu tama saamaajika sahacharulaku daggaragaa undataaniki anumatinchinappatikii adanapu-jatha phaladeekarana retunu tolaginchalemu. aneka parikalpanalu eee drugvishayaanni vivarinchadaaniki prayatnistaayih streelu daani saamaajika bhagaswamy daanini kapadukuntunnappudu kooda adanapu-jatha sambhogaanni nirvahinchagalaru, ledhaa purushula rakshana lenappudu itara purushula adanapu-jatha sambhoga prayatnaalanu streelu tiraskarinchavacchu.
adanapu jatha phaladeekaranaalalo palgone streelu tama saamaajika bhagaswamytho pondagalige daanikante merugaina janyuvulanu tama santhaanamlo ponduparachavacchu, conny mosam kaaranamgaa vaari saamaajika sahacharula nundi tallidandrula samrakshanhalo takkuva sahayam pondhe avakaasam undhi. anduvalla, adanapu jatha phaladeekaranam mahilalaku kooda khareedainadi kaavacchu. adanapu-jatha phaladeekaranam enduku sambhavistundanedi stree jeevulu tama nundi mottam adhika bhinnamaina genetics ledhaa bhinnamaina genetics unna magavaarini enchukuntaayi. oka suukshma upagraha adhyayanam bhinnamaina vairudhya empikaku pratyaamnaayaanni suuchistumdi. streela adanapu-jatha phaladeekarana pounahpunyaalu mariyu vaari saamaajika sahacharula mottam bhinnamainavi madhya etuvanti sambandham lenanduna, streelu empika chesina bhinnamaina janyuvulanu, mukhyamgaa emhechsi lokasnu matrame enchukoovaalani soochinchabadindi, idhi santaanam yokka roganirodhaka saktini prabhaavitam chestundi.
laingika empika.
sthaanika mariyu sthaanikam kaani paatalaku purushula bhedaatmaka gurtimpu rendu janabhalo adhyayanam cheyabadindihi okati uttara united states (nyuu hampshire) loe mariyu marokati dakshina united states (uttara carolina) loe. rendu janabha madhya pratispandana yokka asamaanata kanugonabadindi. uttara nalupu gonthu gala neelam warbler sthaanika paatalaku balamgaa spandistundi, conny dakshina warbler paataku saapekshamgaa balaheenamgaa untundi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, dakshinaana nundi oka warbler uttara mariyu dakshinam nundi paatalaku samanamga spandistaadu. eee asamaanataku sambhaavya vivarana uttara mariyu dakshina nalupu-gonthu neelam warblerla madhya streela praadhaanyatalo vyatyaasam. uttaraadi nundi vacchina streelu dakshinaadi nundi vacchina "bhinnamaina" magavaaritho sahajeevanam chese avakaasam takkuvagaa untundi; anduvalla uttaraadi magavaaru dakshinaadi pootiidaarudi paataku balamgaa spandinchaalsina avasaram ledhu. dakshinam nundi uttaraaniki janyu pravaahaaniki avarodham unde avakaasam undhi, ayithe dheeniki edurugaa avarodham undadu. anduvalla, purusha paatalanu streela empika janyu pravaham mariyu punarutpatti ontaritanamlo paatra poeshinchae avakaasam undhi, idhi chivariki vaividhyeekaranaku daariteeyavachchu.
maga nalla gonthu gala neelam rangu warbler daani modati santanotpatti kaalamlone punarutpatti paripakvatanu saadhistundani chaalaa kaalamgaa nammutaaru. oka samvatsaram vayassu gala pillavadu pedda magavaalla kante ekkuva ledhaa anthakante ekkuva adanapu jatha sambhogam mariyu kokiladrilo palgontadu. ayithe, samaadhula parisoedhana vrushanha parimaanam mariyu veerya utpatti paramgaa vyatiraeka aadhaaraalanu kanugondi. aneka passerin pakshulalo disaatmaka asamaanata untundi. edama vrushanamu tarachugaa kudi vrushanamu kante peddadigaa untundi, mariyu idhi samvatsarapu mariyu paatha maga warblerlaki vartistundi. ayithe, vrushanhaalu mariyu shareera dravyarashi nishpatti vruddha purushula kante samvatsarapu pillalalo chaalaa takkuvagaa untundi. antekakunda, vruddha purushulu samvatsarapu pillala kante ekkuva disaatmaka asamaanatanu kaligi untaaru. pakshulalo vrushanhaala parimaanam skhalanam naanhyathatho sambandham kaligi unnanduna, aadavaru vaari khachitamaina vayassu-nirdishta eekalu dwara vaeru cheyagala vruddha magavaariki anukuulamgaa vayassu-aadhaarita empikanu upayoginche avakaasam undhi.
sthithi mariyu bedirimpulu.
nalupu gonthu gala neelam warbler pedda shrenini mariyu pedda janabhanu kaligi undhi. prastutam daani janabha dhorani perugutondi. eee jaatini jaatini iucn athi takkuva aandolana kaliginche jaatigaa perkondi. atavee nirmuulana mariyu aavasala vibhajana daani ushnamandala sheethaakaala praantaalalo nalla gonthu gala neelam warblerku muppuga unnaayi. unnaayi vacchina oka nivedika 1986 nundi 1998 varaku oka pariseelana dwara nalla gonthu gala neelam warbler yokka janabha gatiseelatapai prapancha vaataavarana maarpula prabhavanni charchinchindi. mukhyamgaa, eee valasa pakshi manugada, santanotpatti mariyu niyaamakaaniki sambandhinchi ell nino dakshina dolana (enso) prabhavam adhyayanam cheyabadindi. ell nino samvatsaraalu (vecchani dakshina pasiphik mahasamudra dasha) vaati siitaakaalapu naela, jamaikaalo takkuva vayojana manugada raetu, united statesloni nyuu hampshirelo santanotpatti aavasalalo takkuva santanotpatti, mariyu santanotpatti mariyu sheethaakaala maidaanaalaku samvatsarapu pillalu mariyu baalura vaarshika niyaamakamtho mudipadi unnayani kanugonabadindi. laa nina samvatsaraalalo (challani dakshina pasiphik mahasamudram) vaataavaranam tadigaa unnappudu mariyu aahara labhyata chaalaa samruddhiga unnappudu eee moodu amsaalu saapekshamgaa ekkuvagaa undevi. deerghakaalika global warming enso prabhavanni teevrataram chestundi, idhi block-throated blue warbler janabha yokka hecchutaggulaku daariteestundi.

