
paaragamyata (vidyudayaskaantatvam)

vidyudayaskaantamlo, paaragamyata anedi anuvartita ayaskanta kshetraaniki pratispandanagaa padaarthamloo utpatti cheyabadina ayaskaantata yokka kolata. paaragamyata saadhaaranamgaa (italic) greeku aksharam "μ" dwara suuchimchabadutumdi. idhi ayaskanta prerana suutram _ 1 mariyu ayaskanta kshetra suutram _ 2 yokka nishpatti, idhi oka padaarthamloo kshetra suutram _ 2 yokka vidhiga untundi. 1872loe vilium thamson, 1va baaran kelvin eee padaanni roopondinchaaru, 1885loe olivar havicide dwara anumati thoo paatu upayoginchaaru. paaragamyata yokka paraspara ayaskanta ayishtata.
ci unitlalo, paaragamyatanu meetaruku henries (hetch/mea) loe kolustaaru, ledhaa ampere square (enn/eah2) kuu newtonlalo samanamga kolustaaru. paaragamyata sthiraamkam "μ" 0, ayaskanta sthiraamkam ledhaa khaalii sthalam yokka paaragamyata anie kooda pilustaaru, idhi shaastreeya vacuumloo ayaskanta kshetraanni yerparustunnappudu ayaskanta prerana mariyu ayaskanta shakti madhya aanupaatikata.
padaarthaala yokka daggari sambandham ayaskanta grahanaseelata, idhi oka parimaanarahita anulomaanupaatamlo unde amsam, idhi oka anuvartita ayaskanta kshetraaniki pratispandanagaa padaartham yokka ayaskaanteekarana sthaayini suuchistumdi.
vivarana.
vidyudayaskaantatvam yokka sthuula suutreekaranaloo, rendu rakaala ayaskanta kshetram kanipistundihi
paaragamyata anae bhavana aneka padaarthaalalo (mariyu vacuumloo) talettutundi, endukante yea pradaesam ledhaa samayamlo ayina h mariyu b madhya saralamaina sambandham untundi, indulo rendu kshetraalu okadaanikokati khachitamgaa anulomaanupaatamlo untayih
ikkada "μ" anulomaanupaata karakam paaragamyata, idhi padaarthampai aadharapadi untundi. vacuum yokka paaragamyata (khaalii sthalam yokka paaragamyata anie kooda pilustaaru) anedi bhouthika sthiraamkam, dheenini "μ" 0 anie suuchistaaru. "μ" yokka sii unitlu volt-sekanlu/ampere-meater, samanamga henry/meater. saadhaaranamgaa "μ" anedi oka scalar avutundi, conny oka anisotropic padaartham kosam, "μ" anedi rendava rank tensor kaavacchu.
ayithe, balamaina ayaskanta padaarthaala lopala (inumu ledhaa shaashwata ayaskaantaalu vantivi), saadhaaranamgaa h mariyu b madhya saadhaarana sambandham undadu. paaragamyata bhavana appudu asambaddhamainadi ledhaa kaneesam asantrupta ayaskanta korlu vanti pratyeka sandarbhaalaku matrame vartistundi. eee padaarthaalu naan leanier ayaskanta pravartananu kaligi undatame kakunda, tarachugaa gananeeyamaina ayaskanta hysterisis untundi, kabatti b mariyu h madhya oke-viluva gala kriyaatmaka sambandham kooda undadu. ayithe, b mariyu h yokka icchina viluvatho praarambhinchi, kshetraalanu koddigaa marchadam parigananaloki teesukunte, "perugutunna paaragamyata" nii ilaa nirvachinchadam ippatikee saadhyameh
b mariyu h samaantaramgaa unnayani bhavinchandi.
vidyudayaskaantatvam yokka suukshma suutreekaranaloo, ikkada h kshetram yokka bhavana ledhu, vacuum paaragamyata "μ" 0 neerugaa (sii maxwell sameekaranaalalo) mottam vidyut pravahalu mariyu samayam-maarutunna vidyut kshetraalanu avi utpatti chese bii kshetraaniki sambandhinchina karakamga kanipistundi. paaragamyata "μ" thoo oka sarala padaartham yokka ayaskanta pratispandananu suuchimchadaaniki, idhi badulugaa b kshetraaniki pratispandanagaa talette ayaskanta m gaa kanipistundihi suutram _ 6. ayaskaanteekarana anedi mottam vidyut pravaahaaniki-ayaskanta pravaahaaniki sahakaram.
saapeksha paaragamyata mariyu ayaskanta grahanaseelata.
saapeksha paaragamyata, chihna suutram _ 7 dwara suuchimchabadutumdi, idhi oka nirdishta madhyamam yokka paaragamyata mariyu khaalii sthalam yokka paaragamyata nishpatti "μ" 0:
ikkada suutram _ 9 4 × 10−7h/m anedi khaalii sthalam yokka ayaskanta paaragamyata. saapeksha paaragamyata paramgaa, ayaskanta grahanaseelata
χ" m anedi oka parimaanam laeni parimaanam, dheenini konnisaarlu "valumetric" ledhaa "bulk" grahanaseelata anie pilustaaru, dheenini "χ" p ("ayaskanta dravyarashi" ledhaa "nirdishta" grahanaseelata) mariyu "χ" m ("molar" ledhaa "molar dravyarashi" grahanaseelata) nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki.
diamagnetism.
"diamagnetism" anedi oka vastuvu yokka lakshanam, idhi baahyamgaa vartimpajesina ayaskanta kshetraaniki vyatiraekamgaa ayaskanta kshetraanni srushtistundi, tadwara vikarshana prabhavanni kaligistundi. pratyaekamgaa, oka bahya ayaskanta kshetram vaati anuvu kendrakaala chuttoo electronla kakshya vegaanni maarustundi, tadwara bahya kshetraaniki vyatiraekamgaa unna disalo ayaskanta dvidhruva kshanaanni maarustundi. diamagnetlu "μ" 0 kante takkuva ayaskanta paaragamyata kaligina padaarthaalu (1 kante takkuva saapeksha paaragamyata).
tatphalitamgaa, diamagnetism anedi ayaskaantatvam yokka oka roopam, idhi oka padaartham baahyamgaa vartinche ayaskanta kshetram samakshamlo matrame pradarsistundi. idhi saadhaaranamgaa chaalaa padaarthaalalo chaalaa balaheenamaina prabhavam kaligi untundi, ayithe suupar conductorlu balamaina prabhavanni pradarsistaayi.
paramagnetism.
"paragnetism" anedi ayaskaantatvam yokka oka roopam, idhi baahyamgaa vartinche ayaskanta kshetram samakshamlo matrame sambhavistundi. paramagnetic padaarthaalu ayaskanta kshetraalaku aakarshinchabadataayi, anduvalla saapeksha ayaskanta paaragamyata okati kante ekkuvagaa untundi (ledhaa, samanamga, saanukuula ayaskanta grahanaseelata).
anuvartita kshetram dwara prerepinchabadina ayaskanta kshanam kshetra balamlo "saralamgaa" untundi, mariyu idhi "balaheenamgaa" untundi. prabhavanni gurtinchadaaniki dheeniki saadhaaranamgaa sunnitamaina vislaeshanhaatmaka samatulyata avasaram. ferro ayaskaantaala maadirigaa kakunda, baahyamgaa vartimpajesina ayaskanta kshetram lenappudu paraamaagnetlu yea ayaskaantatvaanni nilupukovu, endukante ushna kadalika valla spinlu adhi lekunda "yaadrucchikamgaa aadhaarita" avtayi. anduvalla vartimpajesina kshetram tolaginchabadinappudu mottam ayaskaantatvam sunnaki padipotundi. kshetram samakshamlo kooda, oka chinna "prerita" ayaskaanteekarana matrame untundi, endukante spinlalo oka chinna bhaagam matrame kshetram dwara aadhaaritamavutundi. eee bhinnam kshetra balaniki anulomaanupaatamlo untundi mariyu idhi sarala aadharapadataanni vivaristundi. ferro ayaskaantaalu anubhavinche aakarshana rekhaatmakamainadi kaadu mariyu chaalaa balamgaa untundi, tadwara idhi sulabhamgaa gamaninchabadutundi, udaaharanaku, okari refrigeratorpy ayaskaantaalaloo.
gyromagnetism.
gyromagnetic media kosam (farade rotation chudandi) microwave frequency domainlo pratyaamnaaya vidyudayaskaanta kshetraaniki ayaskanta paaragamyata pratispandananu vikarna kaani tenserga pariganistaaruh
konni saadhaarana padaarthaala viluvalu.
pheromagnetic padaarthaala paaragamyata kshetra balamtho chaalaa maarutuu untundi kabatti eee krindi pattikanu jagrattagaa upayoginchaali. udaaharanaku, 4 saatam sii steel 2,000 yokka prarambha saapeksha paaragamyatanu (0 tii vadda ledhaa sameepamlo) mariyu garishtamgaa 35,000 kaligi untundi mariyu vaastavaaniki, 1 vaipu (ayaskanta santruptata vadda) taginanta adhika kshetra balam dhoranula vadda edainaa padaartham yokka saapeksha paaragamyatanu kaligi untundi.
manchi ayaskanta core padaartham adhika paaragamyatanu kaligi undaali.
nishkriyaatmaka" ayaskanta levitation kosam 1 kante takkuva saapeksha paaragamyata avasaram (pratikuula grahanaseelataku anugunamgaa).
paaragamyata ayaskanta kshethramtho maarutuu untundi. paina chuupina viluvalu chuupina ayaskanta kshetraalalo matrame sumaruga mariyu chellubaatu avtayi. avi sunna pounahpunyam kosam ivvabadataayi; aacharanalo, paaragamyata anedi saadhaaranamgaa pounahpunyam yokka vidhi. frequencini pariganinchinappudu, inn-faze mariyu avt off faze pratispandanaku anugunamgaa paaragamyata sanklishtamgaa untundi.
sanklishta paaragamyata.
adhika pounahpunya ayaskanta prabhaavaalato vyavaharinchadaaniki upayogakaramaina sadhanam sanklishta paaragamyata. oka sarala padaarthamloo takkuva pounahpunyaala vadda ayaskanta kshetram mariyu sahayaka ayaskanta kshetram konni scalar paaragamyata dwara okadaanikokati anulomaanupaatamlo untaayi, adhika pounahpunyaala vadda eee parimaanaalu kontha aalasyamtho okadaanikokati pratispandistaayi. eee kshetraalanu fagerlugaa vraayavacchu, antey
ikkada suutram _ 13 anedi suutram _ 2 nundi suutram _ 1 yokka dasha alasyam.
ayaskanta pravaaha saandrata mariyu ayaskanta kshetram nishpattigaa paaragamyatanu ardham chesukovadam, fazer nishpattini ilaa vraayavacchu mariyu saralikrutam cheyavachu
tadwara paaragamyata oka sanklishta sankhya avutundi.
euler suutram dwara, sanklishta paaragamyatanu dhruvam nundi deerghachaturasraakaara roopaaniki anuvadinchavacchu,
sanklishta paaragamyata yokka nijamaina bhaagaaniki oohaatmaka nishpattini nashtam sparsha antaaru,
idhi padaarthamloo entha saktini kolpotundo mariyu entha nilva cheyabadindo kolatanu andistundi.

