
carle gottlieb fonder

carle gottlieb fonder (1803-1865), carle gottlieb fonder ledhaa sii anie kooda uchcharistaaru.zii. fonder, oka lutheran kraistava poojaari, missionary mariyu kshamaapanakarta; athanu basel mission kinda madhya asea mariyu trans-kaakasaslo missionaryga mariyu charchi missionary society kinda bharatadesamloni vaayuvya praavinsulaku vivadaspadamga panicheesaadu. muslimlanu kraistava matamloki maarchadamlo ayana prasiddhi chendaaru.
athanu "mizhan all-huck" (satyam yokka samatulyata), kshamaapana, "mohammed matam yokka swabhaavampai vyaakhyalu" mariyu marinnintini rachinchaadu.
jeevita charitra.
tommidi mandhi pillalalo okadaina, oka graama baker kumarudu 3 november 1803naa germanyloni wurtemberglo janminchaadu-wurtemberglo, athani janmasthalam zhe vanti pitistic lutheranlache prabhaavitamaina, pavitramaina suvaarta roopaaniki prasiddhi chendina konni pradaesaalaloo okati.eah. bengel mariyu eff.sii. ottinger. fonder sthaanika latin paatasaalalo chadivaadu, aapai stutgartloni vyaakarana paatasaalalo chadivaadu. padahaaru samvatsaraala vayassulo, athanu appatike protestant christian missionary kaavaalani nirnayinchukunnadu; tadanugunamgaa, athanu 1819 mariyu 1821 madhya germanylo thana missionary sikshana pondaadu. kalakramena, athanu 1821 mariyu 1825 madhya switzerlandloni bassello kottagaa sthaapinchabadina evangelical institutelo sikshana kosam angeekarinchabaddaadu mariyu pertian, turkish mariyu arabic bhaashalalo praaveenyam pondaadu. carle gottlieb fonder lutheran poojaarigaa niyaminchabaddaadu, athani pavitra aadesaalanu rashtra charchilo pradaanam chesaaru. ajarbaijaanloni karabakh khanetloni shushaalo bassel mission (bm) [german evangelishe mission gasselshaft] thoo thana modati niyamaka samayamlo, athanu twaragaa armenian mariyu azerbaijani bhashalanu neerchukunnaadu mariyu thana pertian bhasha naipunhyaalanu chakkaga tune chesaadu; athanu 1825 mariyu 1837 madhya bm samaajamlo pannendu samvatsaraalu arabic bhasha mariyu khurranu adhyayanam chestu panicheesaadu. athanu modati bhaarya sofiya ryuusnu vivaham chesukunnadu; oka german, mascolo 1834 juulai 11naa; ayithe, aame 1835 mae 12naa shushaalo oka chiled bedd loe maraninchindi. 1837loe, madhya asealo russia bmnu moosivesinappudu athanu charchi missionary society (cms) loe cheraadu; tatphalitamgaa, athanu 1837 mariyu 1857 madhya padahaaru samvatsaraalu bharatadesaniki pampabaddaadu. athanu rendava bhaarya emily swinburn nuu vivaham chesukunnadu; 1841 janavari 19naa kalakattaalo oka aangla mahila, athanu mugguru abbayilu mariyu mugguru ammayilanu kannaru. 1858loe, bhaaratadesamlo british palanaku vyatiraekamgaa jarigina tirugubaatu taruvaata cms aayananu istanbul kuu pampindi. ottoman thana vivaadaaspada vidhananni vyatirekinchadamto nagaramlo cms karyakalapalu nilipiveyabadinappudu fonder britanku tirigi vacchaadu. athanu 1865 december 1naa landanlooni richmandlo maraninchaadu.
athanu haam common looni seyint andrew charchilo khananam cheyabaddaadu. ayana "kraistava matam mariyu islam madhya goppa vivaadamloo pramukha vijaeta" anie ayana epitoff chaduvutundi."
dakshina caucasus (1825-1836).
1825loe, fonder niyaminchabadina taruvaata, athanu karabakh yokka praantiiya-rajadhani shusha, transcacasus-dakshina caucasus anie kooda pilustaaru-russiaku uttaraana, tarkeeki paschimaana mariyu iraanku dakshinaana-mottam azerbaijaanlo niyaminchabaddaadu. fadder karabakh mariyu porugu deshaalalo missionary pani chesaadu. aneka bassel mission missionarylalo, kontamandi missionarylu avineetiparulugaa mariyu diwala teesinatlugaa vaaru vishwasinche armenian orthodox charchini samskarinchadampai drushti pettaru-sthaanika janabhalo moodinta oka vanthu mandhi armenian kraistavulu-eee kottagaa sthaapinchabadina provincelo 1828 kii mundu mariyu taruvaata pertia ("prastuta" iraan) nundi armenian prajalu valasa vacchaaru.
ayithe, sthaanika muslimlaku suvaarta prakatinchadam mariyu suvaartanu teliyajeyadamlo kendreekrutamaina bassel mission tarapuna-sthaanika janabhalo moodinta rendu vantula mandhi muslimlu. muslimlu tama ishtamaina bhasha ayina pertian bhaashaloki anuvadinchabadina kotta nibandhananu chadivithe, vaaru svayamchaalakamgaa islaamnu vidichipetti, daani aadhipatyaanni, satyaanni angeekaristaarani fonder viswasinchaadu. dheeni kosam, fonder iraanku aneka vihaarayaatralu chesaadu mariyu pertian bhaashalo praaveenyam pondadaaniki iraaklooni baghdadlo oka samvatsaram gadipadu. 1825 nundi 1829 varaku ayana shusha mariyu porugu deshaalalo panicheesaaru.
1835loe, greeku charchi minaha shushaalo anni missionary karyakalapalanu russia nishedhinchindi; tatphalitamgaa, athanu shushanu vidichipettavalasi vachindi. 1835loe istanbul vellina taruvaata 1836loe ayana shushaku tirigi vacchaaru, conny 1837loe bharatadesamloni kalakattaaku vellaaru.
central asea (1829-1835).
1829 mariyu 1831 madhya, athanu anthony norris thotalatho, baghdadto kalisi panicheesaadu mariyu akkada mission bays mariyu paatasaalanu sthaapinchadaaniki oka samvatsaram paatu thotala prayatnaalaku sahayapaddadu. marchi 1831 nundi, athanu pertialo panichesi, shushaku tirigi vacchaadu. trans-kaakasaslo panichestunnappudu, athanu pertian bhaashalo praaveenyam pondadaaniki madhya asealo-iraanlo-anekasaarlu sandarsanalanu chesaadu.
valasarajyala bharatadesam agra provins (1841-1855).
1813loe bhaaratadesamlo protestant missionary karyakalapala kosam british paarlamentu theravabadadamtho, aneka mandhi missionarylu eest india company niyantranalo unna bhaaratadesamlo panicheyadam praarambhinchaaru. 1814loe, modati anglican bishapnu kalakattaalo rahasyamgaa pavitram chesaaru. 1832 nundi, british yetara missionarylu kooda bhaarata upakhandamlo panicheyadaaniki anumatinchabaddaaru. islaamik abhyasam mariyu samskrutiki prasiddhi chendina agraanu british prabhutvam bharatadesa vaayuvya provinsku paripalana kendramgaa maarchindi. sthaanika muslim ulemaalato mataantara sambhaashanhalalo nimagnamai, islaamik mataaniki vyatiraekamgaa vivaadaaspada pustakaalanu prachurinchina missionarylaku agra mariyu lakno rendoo nilayamgaa marai. aaa samayamlo ikkada unna vaarilo kraistava matamloki maarina maajee muslim abdul masih mariyu joseph wolf unnaaru.
1837loe ghoramaina karuvu taruvaata, agraalo adhikarulu oka pedda anaathaashramaanni praarambhinchaaru, aneka mandhi anatha pillalanu lopaliki teesukelli, taruvaata kraistavulugaa baptism pondaaru.
anaathaashrama aardhika vijayamtho, eest india company anaathaashramalanu praarambhinchindi, agralo anaathaashramalanu niyaminchindi. diguva bengaallo eest india company kosam serampur baptist press vijayam, serampur trayam dwara 1840laloe islaamnu vimarsistuu urdoo, pertian tractlanu mudrinchadaaniki sikandraalo tvaralo punaraavrutam cheyabadindi. sadhar kortulu" allahabad nundi agraku badilee kaavadamtho idhi marinta perigindi.
eee kotta prachurana kaaryakalaapaalaku kendramgaa, cms swiss missionary sikshana mariyu gananeeyamaina bhasha naipunhyaalatho paatu pertian sarihaddu (madhya asea) loe bodhinchadamlo anubhavamtho kuudina german pietistic lutheran missionary ayina faandarnu niyaminchindi. muslimlanu suvaarta prakatinchadaaniki mariyu appatike panichestunna german missionary sahacharulaku sahayam cheyadaaniki, marinta peat missionary karyakalapalapai jaar nishedham dwara madhya asea nundi bahishkarinchabadina fonder vanti vaariki sahayam cheyadaaniki fonder agraaku niyaminchabaddaadu.
1837loe bharatadesaniki vacchina fonder, russia caucasus-dakshina kakasasloni thana munupati mission station moosiveyabadina kaaranamgaa 1838 aktobaru 1naa kalakatta ("prastuta" kolkata) cherukunnadu. ayana vachinappudu, bharatadesamloni muslimlu kraistava matam vaipu moggu chuuputunnaaranee abhiprayam aayanaku kaligindi; tadanugunamgaa, islam mariyu kraistavatvampai ayana munupati samvatsaraallo raasina konni pustakaalanu urduulooki anuvadinchaaru. "mizhan all-huck" atuvanti pustakamlo okati, idhi agraalo prarambha binduvugaa upayoginchabadindi, mariyu idhi muslim prapanchamlooni aneka itara bhaashalaloki kooda anuvadinchabadindi. bassel mission sammatitoe, athanu 1840 fibravari 12naa cmslo cheraadu.
1841 janavarilo, CMS uttara bhaaratadesamlo agraaku pandernu post chesindi. athanu agraalo thana kotta udyogaanni teesukunna ventane, athanu ventane sthaanika muslimlanu vraatapuurvaka lekhala dwara nimagnam cheyadam praarambhinchaadu, pertian mariyu arabic bybilla kaapeelanu pampaadu. eest india company suvaarta patla saanubhootigala nirvaahakulanu kooda niyaminchindi, vaayuvya praavinsula leftinent general james thamason mariyu vilium muir vanti vaaru. eee kotta company niyaamakaalu protestant missionary bodhana, prachurana mariyu vidya kaaryakramaalaku anadhikaarika maddatunu andinchaayi. barakpurloni sipayilaku bodhinchadamlo rechagotte paatraku apakhyaati paalaina kalnal stephen wheeler, adhe samayamlo 1838loe fateghar (agraaku sameepamlo) vadda rendava anaathaashramaanni praarambhinchaadu-thana nishkramanatho, athanu anaathaashrama nirvahananu american presbyterian missionarylaku appaginchaadu. 1854loe, eee paristhitulalo, agraalo pramukha islaamik panditulatoe prasiddha bahiranga charchalo palgonnadu.
pfander verses rahmatullah charcha.
bhaaratadesamlo unnappudu, athanu islaamik panditudu rehmatullah kairanavi ahvanam meraku 1854 april 10,11 tedeello agraalo jarigina prasiddha bahiranga charchalo muslim matha naayakulatoe nimagnamayyadu. german cms protestant missionary ayina fonder mariyu sunni vedanti ayina kairanavi madhya varusa bahiranga charchalanu vinadaniki agra charchi missionary society paatasaala gadilo aneka vandala mandhi muslimlu mariyu kraistavulu gumigudaru. fonder maddatudaarulalo british eest indian company sevakulu unnaaru, veeru bharatadesa valasa saktini mariyu european missionaryla rakshananu suuchimchaaru; thamus walpy frenchto sahaa fonder saha-kaarmikulu, taruvaata lahore yokka modati bishop ayyaru; islam nundi sthaanika kraistava matamarpidi, mariyu aangla charchi pratinidhulu. sthaanika shiya prajalu mariyu sunni prekshakulu; british vaaru naduputunna vaidya aasupatrilo vaidyudu ayina mohammed wazir khaan; mariyu phalavantamaina islaamik rachayita mariyu panditudu imad udh-dhin lahis kairanavi vaipu gumpulo unnaaru. sthaanika catholic missionarylu kooda hajarayyaru.
khurran yokka amsaalanu devuni vaakyamgaa, trimurtulu mariyu mohammed pampadam gurinchi charchinchaalani nirnayinchinappatikii, charcha kraistava grandhaala praamaanikata anae oke amsam chuttoo kendrikrutamai undhi. saampradaaya vaadanaloo praaveenyam unna fonder, kotta nibandhana mariyu paatha nibandhana yokka samagratanu samarthinchaaru, ayithe kairanavi 16va sataabdapu apocryphal gospel off barnabasnu thana pradhana vanarugaa upayoginchi kraistava grandhaalu raddu cheyabaddaayani pattubattaru, idhi ekaika praamaanikamaina suvaarta anie athanu bhaavinchaadu. european baibil vimarsakulanu kairanvi upayoginchadam chuusi fonder aascharyapoyaadu. 
rendu rojula charcha tarvaata, iddaroo vijayam saadhinchaarani prakatinchaaru. eee charcha rekettinchina aasakti aneka mandhi muslimlanu fonder saahityaanni chadavadaaniki mariyu charchinchina prasnalanu pariseelinchadaaniki daariteesindi. pramukha suufii panditulu, vedantavettalu imad udh-dhin lahis, safdar allie vanti kondaru, iddaroo charchaku haajaraina vaaru, tama kraistava matamloki maradanni prakatinchaaru.
udaaharanaku, charchalo islaamik pakshaaniki praatinidhyam vahinchadamlo kairaanaveeki sahayapadina imad udh-dhin lahaj, thana goppa rachana mizhan all huck (satyam yokka samatulyata) loe fonder mariyu athani vivaranaatmaka vaadanalatoe enthagaa aakattukunnadu antey athanu kraistava matamloki maaradam gurinchi perkonnaduh
"ippudu, vivaadam vaastavamgaa puurtayindani manam cheppagalam... [antey] kraistavulu puurti vijayanni saadhinchagaa, mana pratyarthulu sanketamgaa odipoyaaru."
vaayuvya praavinsula prabhutva karyadarshi vilium muir, "kalakatta review" prachurinchina oka vyaasamlo, muslimlaku kraistava mission yokka iteevali charithratho paatu, fonder mariyu kairanavi madhya jarigina eee charchalanu vivarinchaadu. eee charchanu swayamgaa gamaninchina taruvaata, ayana 1897loe eee kathanaalanu "mahammad vivaadam" gaa paerkonnaaru.
valasarajyala bharatadesam peshawar (1855-1857).
1837loe cmslu faandarnu bharatadesa vaayuvya sarihadduloni peshaavarku marcharu, akkada ayana thana saahitya pampineeni, kshamaapana charchalanu konasaaginchaaru. 1857loe bhaarata tirugubaatu prarambhamainappudu, athanu "atyanta aandolanakaramaina samayamlo veedhullo bodhistune unnadu, airopa prajalandarinee hatya cheyadaaniki kutralu addaginchina lekhala dwara velladaindi."adhe samvatsaram athanu thana scholarshipku gurtimpugaa cambridge vishwavidyaalayam nundi doctor off divinity degreeni pondaadu.
istanbul (1858-1865).
athanu 1859loe istanbulinku cms missionaryga pampabaddaadu. athanu istanbul cherukunnappudu, chaalaa mandhi turklu modati konni samvatsaraalu kraistava siddhaantaalapai aasakti chuupaaru. appati ottoman rajadhani istanbullo, athanu madhyapraachya missionloo unnappudu, athanu ilaa vyaakhyaaninchaaduh
edemaina, pravakta mohammed kuu vyatiraekamgaa tappudu salahalu mariyu daadulatoe, turklu twaralone kraistava missionlaku vyatiraekamgaa himsaatmakamgaa prateekaaram tiirchukunnaaru, missionarylu upayoginche printing preslanu, missionaryla khaiduto sahaa missionaryla moosivesina gadulu mariyu pustaka dukaanaalanu japthu chesaaru, missionarylanu vidipinchadaaniki british prabhutvaanni jokyam chesukovadaniki prerepinchaaru. mission aaa debba nundi ennadoo kolukoledu, manchi kosam istaanbulnu nishedhinchamani vaarini balavantam chesindi.
vaarasatvam.
islaamik vedaanta rachanala shaili aadhaaramgaa roopondinchina, kraistava suvaartanu muslimlaku ardhamayye roopamlo pradarsinchadaaniki prayatninchina ayana pustakam "mizhan ull-huck" (satyam yokka samatulyata) nissandehamgaa ayana yokka pradhana vaarasatvam. baibil devuni prerepita padam anie nammadaniki athanu kaaranaalanu andinchaadu, paadaipoledu ledhaa adhigaminchaledu, mariyu khurran swayamgaa kraistava grandhaala viswasaneeyataku mariyu kreestu aadhipatyaaniki saakshyamistundani vaadinchaadu. islam vistarana himsaku, prarambha charchi saantiyutamgaa vyaapti chendadaaniki madhya chaaritraka vyatyaasaanni paerkontuu, khurran, itara islaamik rachanala nundi islam, daani pravaktalo konni doshaalanu niroopinchadaaniki athanu prayatninchaadu. mizhan ull-huck" islaamik panditula nundi jagrattagaa vaadinchina aneka khandanalanu prerepinchindi, taruvaata fonder nundi marinni rachanalu vachayi. muslim-kraistava sambandhaalalo idhi oka mukhyamaina kotta dasanu suuchimchimdi, gurtimpu pondina panditulu modatisaarigaa lothaina vedaanta samasyalanu parishkarinchaaru.
thana CMS charitralo, eugene stock faandarnu "mahammadeeyula missionarylandarilo goppavadu" gaa abhivarninchaadu."temple giredner, praja vivaadaaniki moodu goppa avasaralu unnayani vyaakhyaaninchaaduh thana vishayam meeda sampoorna niyantrana, bhashapai sampoorna niyantrana, prajala aalochana mariyu vidhanam, mariyu thana meeda sampoorna niyantrana. samooyelu jewemer thana pidivaada mariyu vivaadaaspada paddhatulanu samarthinchukunnaadu, kreestu mariyu athani apostalulu vyaktulu mariyu janasamuuhamtoe ilanti bahiranga charchalo nimagnamayyaarani etthi chuupaaru.
vilium muir yokka drushyam.
vilium muir, fonder kante mundu bharatadesaniki vacchina taruvaata, vaayuvya provincelo thana nalabhai samvatsaraala seva samayamlo mariyu taruvaata, prarambha islaamik charitra mariyu muslimla kosam suvaarta maargaala rachanala adhyayanam kosam thana khaalii samayanni ankitam chesaaru. mohammed jeevitam gurinchi nammadagina kathanam kosam fonder chesina pilupuku pratispandistuu, athanu "dhi life off mohammet und history off islam" anae jeevita charitrapai teevramaina mariyu vivaranaatmaka panini praarambhinchaadu, ikkada islaamik charitra yokka prarambha muulaalapai klishtamaina vishayalanu andubaatulo unchamani tananu prothsahinchadamlo fonder paatranu muir vivarinchaadu.
grandha pattika.
muslimlaku vyatiraekamgaa suvaarta saahityam lekapovadam valla visugu chendhi, fonder german bhasha nundi "ways derr wahrite" anae paerutoe anuvadinchabadina "mizhan all-huck" (satyam yokka samatulyata) anae paerutoe thana sonta kshamaapana vrasadu. athanu eee rachananu baibil yokka vachana avineeti yokka islaamik abhipraayaalaku vyatiraekamgaa baibil yokka prakatanalaku maddatu ivvadaaniki upayoginchaadu mariyu khurran mariyu mohammed yokka pravachanam yokka nijaayitiipai daadi chesaadu. eee rachana pantommidava sataabdamloo islam mathamtho missionary vivaadaanni roopondinchadamlo fonder paatranu vivarinchindi.
shushaalo unnappudu, athanu mae 1829loe german bhaashalo missionary classicga pariganinchabade "ways derr wahrite" nuu roopondinchaadu. idhi taruvaata 1835loe shushaalo "mizhan all-huck" anae paerutoe pertian bhaashaloki anuvadinchabadindi, aaa taruvaata armenian, turkish mariyu urdoo bhaashalaloki kooda anuvadinchabadindi. urdoo anuvaadam 1843loe uttara pradaeslooni mirjapurlo jarigindi, fonder bharatadesaniki vacchina taruvaata. idhi aanglamloki "satyam yokka samatulyata" gaa anuvadinchabadindi. eee rachananu mohamadeeyavaadampai drudamaina, padunaina daadigaa pariganistaaru.
bhaaratadesamlo unnappudu, athanu muslim matha nayakulanu agra mariyu peshawar laloe bahiranga vivaadaalalo nimagnam chesaadu.
1840loe, muslimlu khurranu ardham chesukuni, vaari vishwaasaanni aacharinche vidhanalalo islaamik sampradaayaala (hadis) praamukhyatanu nokki chebutuu, prajaadarana pondina muslim vishwaasaaniki sambandhinchina "mohammed matam yokka swabhaavampai vyaakhyalu" nuu prachurinchaadu.
1844loe, ayana "miftah all-asrar" (rahasyalaku keelakam) nuu prachurinchaadu, idhi yesu mariyu trimuurtula gurinchi kathanaanni andistundi; mariyu kreestu mariyu trimuurtula devata siddhaantaalanu charchistundi. athanu "tarik all-hayat" (jeevana vidhanam) ledhaa "tarik all-hayat" (jeevana maargam) nuu kooda prachurinchaadu-idhi paapam gurinchi islaamik avagahanaku vyatiraekamgaa moksham gurinchi kraistava avagahananu pradarsistundi.

