kathanasaastram

kathanasaastram anedi kathanam mariyu kathana nirmaanam mariyu ivi maanava avagahananu prabhaavitam chese maargaala adhyayanam. idhi french "nratology" yokka aangleekarana, dheenini tzweton todorov ("gramire du decameron", 1969) roopondinchaaru. daani saiddhaantika vamsam aristatle ("kavitvam") kuu gurtinchadaginadi, conny aadhunika kathanasaastram russian laanchanavaadulato, mukhyamgaa vladimir prope ("jaanapada katha yokka padanirmaanam", 1928), mariyu mikhail bakhtin yokka heteroglosia, sambhaashana mariyu chronotope siddhaantaalatoe praarambhamaindani angeekarinchabadindi, idhi modata "sambhaashanhaatmaka kalpana" (1975) loe pradarsinchabadindi. 
cognitive nratology anedi kathanam yokka vistruta avagahanaku anumatinche iteevali abhivruddhi. katha yokka nirmaanampai drushti pettadaniki badulu, abhignaa kathanasaastram "maanavulu kathalanu elaa ardham chesukuntaru" mariyu "maanavulu kathalanu indriya-nirmaana saadhanalugaa elaa upayogistaaru" anie adugutundi.
kathanaanni nirvachinchandi.
rimmon-kenan vanti nirmaanaatmaka kathana saastravettalu kathana kalpananu "varusa kalpita sanghatanala kathanam" gaa nirvachinchaaru. 
abhignaa kathana saastravettalu prajalu vachana nirmaanampai kakunda kathanamgaa elaa anubhavistaarane daanipai drushti pedataaru. aaru padaala katha, "tarachugaa oka udaaharanagaa ivvabadutundi, idhi khachitamgaa nirmaanaatmaka vidhaanamlo kathanamgaa arhata pondadu, conny idhi kathana bhavanni rekettistundi. 
maerii-laurey ryaan "oka kathanam" nuu spashtamgaa nirvachinchagala oka vastuvugaa mariyu kathana naanhyata, antey "kathana pratispandananu prerepinchagalagadam" madhya thedaanu chooputundi. idhi veediyo games tappanisarigaa sampradaaya kathanaalu kakunda kathanaanni kaligi unnayani ardham chesukovadaniki veelu kalpistundi. prapanchaanni nirminchadam, kaaryakaarana sanghatana roopakalpana, paatrala abhivruddhi mariyu itara amsaala dwara aatagaallu samasyalanu parishkarinchi purogati saadhinchaalane uddesyamto sankarshana chendhe itara amsaala dwara bahula, vyaktigata kathana scriptlanu prerepinche saamarthyam atalaku undhi" anie vivaristuu austrid enslin dheenini nirmistundi.
charitra.
kathanasaastram yokka muulaalu, konni rakaala bhaashaashaastramlo vaakyalanu parsing cheyadaaniki aadhaaramgaa upayoginche vyaakaranaalatoe saaruupyata dwara, edainaa kathana vishayaalaku vartinche upayogakaramaina vivarana yokka adhikaarika vyavastha kosam nirmaanaatmaka anveshanhatho balamaina anubandhaanni andistaayi. ayithe eee vidhanam nedu kathanasaastramgaa varninchabadina anni rachanalanu vargeekarinchadu; persey labback yokka rachana ("kalpana yokka naipunhyam", 1921) oka udaaharananu andistundi.
andistundi "communications" anae patrika yokka pratyeka sanchika atyanta prabhaavavantamgaa niroopinchabadindi, eee rangamlo parisoedhana kosam oka karyakramamga mariyu manifestoga kooda pariganinchabadindi. indulo roland barthes, claud bramand, gerard genet, alzirdas juuliyan greemas, tzweton todorov mariyu itarula vyasalu unnaayi, ivi tarachugaa vladimir prope (1895-1970) rachanalanu suuchistaayi.
jonathan colour (2001) kathana saastraanni aneka tantuvulanu kaligi unnatlu varninchaadu. 
kathana siddhaantaaniki "katha", upanyaasamlo vaati abhivyakti nundi swatantramgaa bhaavinche charyalu ledhaa sanghatanala kramam, mariyu "upanyaasam", charchanaatmaka pradarsana ledhaa sanghatanala kathanam madhya vyatyaasam avasaramani gurtinchadamlo parokshamgaa aikyamgaa undhi.'
russian laanchanakaarulu modata ituvanti vyatyaasaanni pratipaadinchaaru, dvipada fabula mariyu siyujetnu upayoginchaaru. pratyaamnaaya jatala tadupari varusa mukhyamaina dvipada prerananu samrakshinchindi, udhaa.zii. "histoir"/"discourse", "histoir"/"" resit "," katha "/" "kathaamsam". " fabula mariyu syoojetnu vidigaa parisoedhinchagalamanae nirmaanaatmaka bhavana rendu vibhina sampradaayaalaku janmanichindihi nepathya (prope, bremond, greemas, dundess, modalainavi).) mariyu modal (genet, prins, mariyu itarulu.) kathanasaastram. modatidi pradhanamgaa cheppina charyala kriyala sanketha laanchanapraayeekaranaku parimitam cheyabadindi, ayithe rendodi vaari cheppe vidhanam, nokki cheppe swaram, drukpatham, kalakramanusaram, laya mariyu pounahpunyam yokka parivartananu pariseelistundi. chaalaa mandhi rachayitalu (sternberg, 1993, recoir, 1984, mariyu baroni, 2007) nepathya mariyu modal kathana saastraanni vidigaa chudakudadani, mukhyamgaa kathana kramam mariyu kathaamsam yokka paniteeru mariyu aasaktito vyavaharinchetappudu nokki chepparu.
applications.
rachananu kathanasaastramgaa perkonadam anedi edainaa saiddhaantika sthaanam kante kontavaraku adhi jarige vidyaaparamaina vibhaagampai aadharapadi untundi. eee vidhanam edainaa kathanaaniki vartistundi, mariyu daani praamaanika adhyayanaalalo, anukuulamaina, saahityetara kathanaalanu saadhaaranamgaa teesukunnaru. ayinappatikee, "kathanasaastram" anae padam saadhaaranamgaa saahitya siddhaantam mariyu saahitya vimarsalaku, alaage chalanachitra siddhaantaaniki mariyu (kontavaraku) chalanachitra vimarsalaku vartinchabadutundi. kathana paddhatula yokka asaadhaarana anuvartanaalalo moukhika kadhaa (vilium labov) yokka saamaajika bhasha adhyayanalu mariyu sambhaashana vislaeshanha ledhaa upanyaasa vislaeshanhaloo sahajamaina moukhika paraspara charya samayamlo utpannamayye kathanaalatho vyavaharinchevi untaayi. indulo veediyo games, graphic navalalu, anantamaina convas mariyu topology mariyu graph siddhaantaaniki sambandhinchina kathana shilpaala adhyayanam kooda undhi.
edemaina, kathanaalu kathana nirmaanam yokka praathamika vibhagaluga pariganinchabade rakam yokka bhaaga vislaeshanha bhaashaashaastram, sanketasastram ledhaa saahitya siddhaantam rangaalalo raavacchu.
nyuu medialo kathanasaastram.
digital-media siddhaantakarta mariyu professor johnet murre thana 1998 pustakam "hamlet aann dhi holodec dhi future off nareshan inn cyber space" loe shaastreeya purogati phalitamgaa iravayyava sataabdamloo katha cheppadam mariyu kathana nirmaanamloo maarpunu siddhaantam chesaaru. bahula-kathanam vanti kathana nirmaanaalu saampradaaya sarala kathanam kante "inestein anantara bhouthika shaastram" mariyu samayam, prakriya mariyu maarpu yokka kotta avagahanalanu marinta khachitamgaa pratibimbistaayani murre vaadinchaaru. eee "aparimitamaina, kalusukunna" kathalu ledhaa "cyber naatakaalanu" vyakteekarinchadaaniki computerla pratyeka lakshanaalu baga saripothayi."eee cyber natakalu katha cheppe saampradaaya roopaalaku bhinnamgaa untaayi, avi paatakudini paraspara charya dwara kathana anubhavamloki aahvaanistaayi.ii. hypertext fiction mariyu web sope "dhi spot"."veediyo games-mukhyamgaa roll playing games mariyu" "sims" "vanti life-simulatorlu, kathana nirmaanaalanu kaligi unnayani ledhaa vaatini roopondinchadaaniki viniyogadaarulanu aahvaanistaayani kooda murre vivadaspadamga prakatinchaaru". aame thana vyaasam "game story tuu cyber drama" loe eee aalochanaku maddatu ichindi, indulo kathalu mariyu atalu rendu mukhyamaina nirmaanaalanu panchukuntaayani aame vaadinchindihi pootii mariyu puzzles. 
electronic saahityam mariyu cyber text.
digital parikaraala abhivruddhi mariyu pratyeka viniyogam mariyu paraspara charya electronic saahityam yokka mukhya lakshanaalu. dheeni phalitamgaa eee paraspara maadhyamaala yokka vibhina kathana nirmaanaalu erpaddaayi. naan leanier kathanaalu aneka paraspara kalpita kathalaku punaadigaa panicheestaayi. konnisaarlu hypertext fictiontho parasparam marchukobadinappudu, paatakudu ledhaa aatagadu katha-prapanchamlo vaaru chese empikala dwara abhivruddhi cheyabadina pratyaekamaina kathanaanni roopondinchadamlo mukhyamaina paatra poeshistaaru. stewart moulthrope yokka "victory garden" hypertext fiction yokka modati mariyu atyanta adhyayanam cheyabadina udaaharanalalo okati, indulo 1,000 lexias mariyu 2,800 hyperlinklu unnaayi.
cyber text perspectives aann ergodic literature" anae thana pustakamlo, espen arset paatham yokka madhyama mariyu yaantrika samstha paatakudi anubhavanni elaa prabhaavitam chestundo vivarinchadaaniki, ergodic saahityam yokka upavargamaina cyber text bhavananu roopondinchaaruh
...meeru cyber text nundi chadivinappudu, meeku nirantaram cherukoleni vyuuhaalu mariyu teesukoni margalu, vinabadani swaraalu meeku gurthu cheyabadataayi. prati nirnayam vachanamlooni konni bhaagaalanu marintagaa, marikonni takkuva andubaatulo undela chestundi, mariyu mea empikala yokka khachitamaina phalitaalu meeku eppatikee teliyakapovacchu; antey, meeru tappipoyinadi.
eee cyber text la yokka kathana nirmaanam ledhaa aata-prapanchaalanu aatagaadini aahvaaninche chikkutho poolchutaaru, eee paathaalaloni maargaalanu aadataaniki, anveshinchadaaniki mariyu kanugonadaaniki paatakula kante arset anae padam marinta samuchitamgaa bhaavistundi. areth dwara suchinchabade rendu rakaala chikkaina chikkulu emitante, oka daachina kendraaniki daariteese oke, winding marganni kaligi unna ekakaalika chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkaina chikkulu. eee bhavanalu ergodic (unicursal) mariyu naan-ergodic saahityam (multikersal) madhya thedaanu gurtinchadaaniki sahaayapadataayi. vladimir nabokov yokka "paelu manta" vanti konni rachanalu paatakudu teesukune marganni batti rendoo kaavacchu anie niroopinchabaddaayi.
kathana shaastra siddhaantakartalu.
kalaa vimarsakudu mariyu tatwavetta orther danto, eee kathanaanni rendu ververu sanghatanalanu vivaristunnatlu paerkonnaadu.
kathanam kooda bhaashatho mudipadi untundi. oka kathanu oka paatra dwara ledhaa madhyamam yokka pradarsanalo taarumaaru cheyagala vidhanam oka kathanu prapancham elaa chustundo daaniki dohadam chestundi. 
slomith rimmon-kenan nirvachinchinatlugaa, kathana shaastram anedi kathana siddhaantam yokka oka saakha. kathana shaastram anae bhavana pradhanamgaa aravailu mariyu debbailalo fraanslo abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. 
siddhaantakartalu kathanasaastram yokka roopam mariyu sandarbham gurinchi chaalaa kaalamgaa vaadinchaaru. american manastatvavetta robbert sternberg, kathanasaastram anedi "nirmaanam yokka aalochanatho bhinnamaina nirmaanavaadam" anie vaadinchaaru. eee aadharam french-american nammakaniki anugunamgaa untundi, kathanasaastram anedi taarkika vikrutee, antey adhi aaa samayamlo taarkikamgaa anipinchani marganni anusarinchindi.
maroka siddhaantakarta peater brooks kathanaanni oka katha yokka nirmaanaanni roopondinchinatlugaa mariyu uddesaanni kaligi unnatlu chustadu.
kathana siddhaantakarta roland barthes anni kathanaalu oke vidhamaina nirmaanaalanu kaligi unnayani, prati vaakyamlo bahula ardhaalu unnayani vaadinchaaru.
barthes saahityaanni "rachayitala grandham" gaa chuustaaru, dheeniki prarambham, madhya mariyu mugimpu unna vilakshanhamaina kathaamsam avasaram ledhu. badulugaa, vraatapuurvaka rachana "aneka pravaesaalu mariyu nishkramanalanu kaligi untundi."
siddhaantakarta greemas kathanamlo oka nirmaanam undani angeekarinchadam dwara itara siddhaantakartalatho ekibhavinchi, kathanaathmakatha yokka lothaina nirmaanaanni kanugonadaaniki bayaludaeraadu. ayithe, thana parisoedhanalaloo, greemas vraatapuurvaka padam mariyu bhaashaashaastram velupala mottam drugvishayaanni vivarinchadaaniki kathana saastraanni upayoginchavacchani chepparu. athanu edainaa bhouthika roopaaniki mariyu aneka itara siddhaantakartalu tama parisoedhana aadhaaramgaa chese nirmaanaatmaka sanketaanni vichchinnam chese daanini vivarinchadaaniki upayoginche bhashaku madhya sambandhaanni sthaapistaadu.

