
nanboku-choe kaalam

1336 nundi 1392 varaku vistarinchi unna nanboku-choe kaalam (uttara mariyu dakshina nyaayasthaanaala kaalam anie kooda piluvabade nanboku-choe ziday, uttara mariyu dakshina nyaayasthaanaala kaalam), japanese charitralo muromachi (ashikaga) shogunate yokka nirmaanaatmaka samvatsaraalalo sambhavinchina kaalam.prarambha kaalamlo, kyotolo ashikaga takauji sthaapinchina uttara saamraajya rajasabha, yoshinolo goo-diago chakravarthy sthaapinchina dakshina saamraajya rajasabha unnaayi. saiddhaantikamgaa, rendu kortulu 50 samvatsaraalu poradayi, 1392loe dakshinam uttaraana varaku vadilivesindi. ayithe, vaastavaaniki uttara kortu ashikaga shogunate adhikaaramlo undhi mariyu nijamaina swaatantryam takkuvagaa undhi.
1333loe kamakura shogunate naasanam mariyu 1336loe kemmu punaruddharana vaiphalyam kotta shogunate chattabaddhata sankshobhaanni terichaayi. prabhuvulu mariyu yodhula aadaayaaniki punaadigaa nilichina estate vyavasthalo samsthaagata maarpulu ("shaan") vividha saamaajika samuuhaala hodaanu marchai. ashikaga shogunate sthaapana yodhula aardhika punaadini vistarinchindi, adhe samayamlo kuleena yajamaanulanu tagginchindi. ayithe, eee dhorani appatike kamakura "bakufu" thoo praarambhamaindi.
nepathyam.
1274 mariyu 1281 loe japan meeda mangol dandayaatrala nepathyamlo hojo vamsam mariyu itara yodhula samuuhaala madhya perugutunna sangharshana, kemmu punaruddharana vaiphalyam, saamraajya vidheyula maddatudaarulu mariyu ashikaga vamsam maddatudaarula madhya poraataanni prerepinchaayi.
13va sataabdam chivaralo hojo netrutvamloni kamakura paalana patla yodhulalo asantrupti kanipinchindi. paalanalooni itara yodhula kutumbaalapai hojo prabhavam peragadam valla eee agraham erpadindi. hojo tokimoon (1268-1284) paalanalo jarigina adhikara kendrikarana venuka pradhana kaaranam mangol dandayaatralu. sankshobha samayamlo, moodu vishayalu sambhavinchaayih rashtra mandaliki hojo kutumba niyaamakaalu perigayi; hojo private kutumba mandali atyanta mukhyamaina nirnayam teesukune samsthagaa maarindi; mariyu hojo yokka pratyaksha saamantulu ekkuvagaa "shugo" (governor) padavulaku padoonnati pondaaru. idhi hojo kutumba sabhyulanu mariyu vaari pratyaksha saamantulanu kaligi undataaniki maddatu punaadini tagginchindi. 1331loe hojo kuu vyatiraekamgaa oka sankeernam udbhavinchinappudu, palananu padagottadaaniki kevalam rendu samvatsaraalu matrame pattindi.
vyavasaya samajalalo sampada bhoomitho mudipadi unnanduna, yodhula vargamlo chaalaa asantruptiki bhoomi pradhana kaaranam ayindi. kamakura kaalam nundi, yuddhamlo vijayam saadhinchina vaariki bhuu manjuru dwara bahumati ivvabadutundi. videshee dandayaatra swabhaavam kaaranamgaa, mangol dandayaatralaku vyatiraekamgaa vijayam saadhinchadam antey vijaetalaku appaginchadaaniki bhoomulu levani ardham.
1333loe kamakura bakufu naasanam cheyabadinappudu, yodhula varganni edurkovadaniki kyoto aasthaana samajam udbhavinchindi. hayeon nundi kamakura kaalaaniki parivartana chendutunnappudu, yodhulu aasthaana vaarasatva aadhipatyam nundi vimukti pondaaru. kamakura maranamtho, saamraajya sabha kemmu punaruddharanalo thana adhikaranni punaruddharinchadaaniki prayatninchindi. 19va sataabdapu meiji punaruddharana varaku idhi mallee jaragaledu.
kemmu punaruddharanah 1333-1336.
1333 vasantakaalamlo, chakravarthy goo-diago mariyu athani maddatudaarulu saamraajya aasthaana vaibhavanni punaruddharinchaalani yochincharu. aasthaanaaniki balamaina pratyarthulu laeni samayamlo nivasinchina chakravarthy diago (AD 901-923), simhasana nundi neerugaa samarthavanthamaina palananu amalu chesinappudu, goo-diago yokka dattata teesukunna paeru mariyu namuunaa ayyadu. kemmu punaruddharana anedi yodhula vargamtho poliste saamraajya saktini punaruddharinchadaaniki oka chetana udyamam. eee udyamam yokka goppa pratinidhulalo iddaru yuvaraju morinaga mariyu kitabatake chikafusa. prins morinaga goo-diago kumarudu, mariyu prabhaavavantamaina paalana disagaa avasaramaina adugugaa prabhuvula sainikeekarananu samarthinchinanduna ashikaga takaujeeki pradhana pratyarthi. morinaga chikafusaanu sankshiptamgaa varninchindi, endukante rendodi kyoto kuleena, athanu sainika general kooda. hitachilo sudeergha muttadi samayamlo (1338-1343), chikafusa japanese saamraajya vyavastha yokka chattabaddhatapai prabhaavavantamaina rachana ayina "ginno shotoki" nuu rachinchaadu. idhi taruvaata 19va sataabdamloo meiji punaruddharanaku saiddhaantika punaadigaa maarindi.
ayithe, saamraajya saktini matrame kakunda, daani samskrutini kooda punaruddharinchaalane goo-diago korika kaaranamgaa kemmu punaruddharana viphalamaindi. vaadukalo laeni aasthaana vedukalanu punaruddharinchadaaniki athanu oka grandham ("kenmu nenchu gyoji") raasaadu. 1336loe takauji saamraajya aasthaanaaniki vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu chesi kotta shogunate prarambhanni prakatinchaadu. athani prakatana taruvaata, kitabatake akee saamraajyavaada dalaalu kioto sameepamlo atanipai daadi chesi oodinchina taruvaata athanu kyushuku tirigi vellavalasi vachindi. takauji kenmu punaruddharanaku chesina eee droham japan charitra taruvaati kaalamlo athani paerunu nallaga chesindi mariyu adhikarikamga nanboku-choe yuddhanni praarambhinchindi. samuray laku bhoomulanu bahumatigaa ivvadam asamarthatha kaaranamgaa punaruddharana viphalamaindani munupati charitra rachana bodhinchindi. ayithe, eee vishayamlo punaruddharana prabhaavavantamgaa undani ippudu spashtamaindi. anduvalla, takauji tirugubaatu mariyu kotta yodhula palananu srushtinchaalanae korika punaruddharana vaiphalyamlo pradhana nirnayakam. athani tirugubaatu kamakura bakufu maadirigaa maroka sainika palananu srushtinchaalani korukune yodhula varganni prothsahinchindi.
nanboku-choe yuddham chakravarthy tirigi adhikaaramloki raavaalani korukune vidheyulaku, kamakura maadirigaa maroka sainika palananu srushtinchaalani vishwasinche vaariki madhya saiddhaantika poraatam. punaruddharanalo yodhulu paalgonavalasina avasarampai chikafusa aacharanatmakamgaa undhi, ayithe chikafusa mariyu takauji madhya teevramaina vibhedaalu chaalaa samvatsaraalu nayakulanu dhruvikarinchaayi. punaruddharana vaiphalyam ashikaga shogunate aavirbhaavaaniki daariteesindi.
antargata sangharshanhalu 1350luu.
takauji namamatramga shogan, conny deshaanni paripaalinche paniki taginavaadu kaadani niroopinchukoni, padhi samvatsaraalaku paiga ashikaga tadayoshi athani sthaanamlo paalinchaadu. kanno allarla samayamlo sodarula madhya sambandhaalu debbatinnaayi. takouji koo noo morono thana "shitsuji" (deputy) gaa chesinappudu idhi praarambhamaindi, idhi tadayoshini hatya cheyadamlo viphalamayyela chesindi. athani kutra kanugonabadindi, kabatti 1349loe tadayoshini moronavo prabhutvam nundi nishkraminchi, thana talanu kshouram chesi, keyshin anae paerutoe bouddha sanyasiga maramani balavantam chesaadu. 1350loe athanu tirugubaatu chesi, thana sodarudi satruvulatoe, dakshina aasthaana maddatudaarulato cheraadu, athani chakravarthy goo-murakami atanini thana mottam sainyaniki generalga niyaminchaadu. 1351loe athanu takaujeeni oodinchi, kyotoni aakraminchi, kamakuralo pravesinchaadu. adhe samvatsaramlo athanu mikaz (setsu provins) vadda koo sodarulanu bandhinchi uriteesaadu. marusati samvatsaram athani adrushtam maari, athanu sattaayaamaalo takauji chetilo odipoyaadu. sodarula madhya sayodhya swalpakaalikamgaa niroopinchabadindi. tadayoshi kaamakuraaku paaripoyaadu, conny takauji sainyamtho akkada atanni vembadinchaadu. marchi 1352loe, rendava sayodhya jarigina koddikaalaanike, "taiheeki" prakaram, tadayoshi akasmaattugaa vishaprayogam dwara maraninchaadu.
sangharshanaku kaaranaalu.
1350laloe, kanno bhangam mariyu daani paryavasanalu vibhajinchabaddaayi mariyu prarambha palananu daadaapu naasanam chesaayi. eee sanghatana muromachi palananu vibhajinchi, samaikyatanu tatkalikamga nilipivesindi. uparitalampai eee sanghatana takouji maddatutoe koo sodarulaku vyatiraekamgaa tadayoshi madhya vyaktigata poraatamgaa kanipinchindi. ayithe, estate vyavasthaku sambandhinchi abhipraya bhedaalu, takauji, tadayoshi niyantranalo unna bureaucracyla vibhajana eee sangharshanhalo pedda paatra poeshinchaayi.
adhikara yantraangam takauji mariyu tadayoshi madhya pratyeka adhikara paridhullo unnanduna, idhi vidipoyina paripalananu srushtinchindi. takauji house saamantulaku nayakudu, tadwara house saamantulapai kramasikshanaa charyalu brigade mariyu itara neeraalapai vichaarana jarige bordunu niyantrinchevaaru. athanu arhulaina saamantula vaadanalu vinna mariyu swaadheenam chesukunna pratiphalaala kaaryaalayaaniki kooda naayakatvam vahinchaadu. palanaku sambhaavya satruvulugaa unna kotta yodhulanu namodu cheyadaaniki dheenini upayoginchaaru.
intalo, paripalana yokka nyaayaparamaina vidhulapai niyantrana kaligi unna vichaarana mandaliki tadayoshi naayakatvam vahinchaadu. pradhana nyaya samstha, saha nirvaahakula boardu, anni bhuu vivaada kesulu mariyu vaarasatvaaniki sambandhinchina tagaadaalapai nirnayam teesukundi. kotta paalana kosam hojo paalana pathanaaniki mundu sevalandinchina vaari ryaankula nundi bureaucratlanu ("bugyonin") niyaminchaaru. vaaru viluvainavaaru endukante vaariki chadavadam mariyu vrayadam telusu, idhi chaalaa mandhi yodhulaku andubaatulo laeni pani.
tadayoshi gatha vidhaanaalanu kaapaadaalani korukune sampradaayavaadi ayithe, takauji aavishkaranalanu prothsahinchaadu. sainika nayakudiga, yuddhabhoomilo veerochitamgaa vyavaharinchina vaariki bahumatigaa takauji "shugo" padavulaku saamantulanu niyaminchaadu, mariyu athanu "shoen" estatelanu sagam thana saamantulaku bhoomilo ledhaa nayakuluga icchi vibhajinchaadu, eee rendintinee tadayoshi pootii chesaaru. estate bhoomula yokka yea vidhamaina puurtigaa vibajananu kooda ayana vyatiraekimchaaru.
idantaa sangharshanaku daariteesindi, phalitamgaa paalana thana maddatunu kolpoyindi. aashikaga kutumba sabhyula madhya teevra vibhedaalu pratipakshaanni balopetam chesaayi. tadayoshi mariyu takauji iddaroo tama sonta ejendaalanu munduku teesukelladaaniki dakshina aasthaanaaniki sanketha samarpanalanu amalu chesaru tadayoshi koo sodarulanu naasanam cheyaalani korukunnadu, mariyu takauji tadayoshini oodinchaalani korukunnadu.
dakshina nyayasthaanam yokka perugudala.
eee sanghatana dakshina kortu yuddha prayatnaalaku punarujjeevanam ichindi. chaalaa varaku eee punaruddharinchabadina daadi muromachi paalana nundi vacchina tirugubaatu kotula dwara saadhyamaindi. 1352loe kamakuralo takaujeeki vyatiraekamgaa saamraajyavaada daadi saamraajyavaada nayakudu nitta yoshimuneku maddatudaarulaina pedda sankhyalo tadayoshi maajee anucharulache saadhyamaindi. 1353loe kyotoku vyatiraekamgaa saamraajyavaada daadi "shugo" lard yamana tokiyuji firaayimpu dwara saadhyamaindi. 1353 mariyu 1354loe kyotoku vyatiraekamgaa saamraajyavaada daadula samayamlo, tadayoshi dattata teesukunna kumarudu, ashikaga tadafuyu dakshina aasthaanamlooni paaschaatya sainyalaku nayakudu ayyadu.
shugo" prabhuvula perugudala.
shogan ashikaga takauji paschima mariyu madhya japaanlooni vividha provinceulalo saakha kutumba sabhyulanu "shugo" prabhuvulugaa niyaminchaaru. shugo" postulaku niyaminchabadina ashikaga saakha kutumbaalalo hosakawa, yamana, imagava, hatakeyama, niki, kira, shiba, ishido mariyu ishiki kutumbaalu unnaayi. kontamandi yodhulanu "shugo" postulaku niyaminchaaru. vijayavantamaina generals, adhe samayamlo saakhala kutumba adhipatulu, vaaru takauji tirugubaatuto tama sthalaanni aakramincharu, vaariki tarachugaa eee padavini bahumatigaa icchaaru. vaarini palanaku kattakunda undataaniki vaari maddatunu kolpovadam, paalana nundi vaari swaatantryaanni prothsahinchadam kharchayindi.
shugo" governorluga vyavaharinchaaru, mariyu paalana kendram mariyu anchula madhya madhyavartitvam chese panini chesaaru. prabhuvulugaa, vaaru tama sonta hakkutho, provinceulalo paalana yokka adhikaranni suuchimchaevaaru. bhuu vivaadaalu jarigina chota raayabaarulanu pampadam, chatta amalu, "hanji" (sagam pannu) jaarii cheyadam mariyu pannulu vidhinchadam vanti vaatitho sahaa eee kaalamlooni "shugoku" kamakura kante ekkuva adhikaram undedi. vaaru provins-wide niyamakam kaaranamgaa samuray houseman kante chaalaa ekkuva adhikaranni kaligi unnaaru. 1372 taruvaata, bhuswamulu, prabhuvulu mariyu samurayilapai pannulu (tansen) vasoolu chese baadhyatanu "shugo" prabhuvulaku appaginchaaru. madhyavartulugaa, "shugo" pannulanu penchadam dwara labham pondaadu. 1370la nundi "shugoku" kotta paalana kendrikruta pannunu paryavekshinche adanapu baadhyata ivvabadindi. kamakura kaalam nundi yodhula kutumbaalu pradhana kutumbaala nayakulaku saakha kutumbaalapai naayakatvam ichhe pradhana hakkula ("soryo") vadakam dwara vargeekarinchabaddaayi. edemaina, pradhana karyalayam hakkulu chaalaa asthiramgaa undevi, endukante saakhala kutumbaalu tarachugaa tama swantha swaatantryaanni nokki cheppukunnayi, mukhyamgaa kotta taraalu bandhutva sambandhaalanu balaheenaparachadaaniki udbhavinchaayi.
konni provinceulalo, ashikaga asalu "shugo" kutumbaalanu sthaanabhramsham cheyadamlo viphalamayyaruh madhya provinceulalo sasaki, togashi (prakhyaata togashi masachika), takeda mariyu ogasavara, mariyu kyushulooni shimazu, otomo mariyu shoni. kamakura kaalam antataa adhikaranni koodagattukunna praantiiya kutumbaalu, nagato yokka auchi mariyu satsuma yokka shimazu vantivi, tama sonta hakkulo prabhuvulu, anduvalla paalanapai mariyu vaari "shugo" birudulapai takkuva aadhaarapadevaaru. mori vanti sthaanika samuray kutumbaalu firayinchabaddayi, mariyu "shugo" prabhuvulu 14va sataabdam chivari sagam varaku pramaadakaramaina swatantra paddhatiloo vyavaharinchadam konasaaginchaaru. madhya, paschima provinceulalo daadaapu sagam mandhi kotta niyaamakaalu chesaaru. kanno sanghatana samayamlo, kotta niyaamakaalato ashikaga pradhana padavi ("soryo") sambandhaalu eee "shugo" nuu paalana patla puurtigaa tirugubaatu cheyakunda assalu nirodhinchaledu. nijaaniki, eee kaalamlo "shugo" prabhuvulatho poliste paalana yokka balavantapu samsthalu chaalaa takkuvagaa undevi. ayithe, provinceulalo inca tama adhikaranni penchukooni kontamandi balaheenamaina "shugo" prabhuvulu paalanatho tama sambandhaalanu konasaginchadamlo swaarthapuuritha aasakti kaligi unnaaru.
"shugo" "poura vidhula durviniyogam mariyu" "shugo uke".
poura governor padavini kramamga "shugo" swaadheenam chesukunnadu, athanu nanboku-choe yuddhamlo estate bhoomulanu swaadheenam chesukunna samuray thoo saamantaraaju sambandhaalu mariyu prabhutva bhoomulalo nivasistunna samuray ("kokugario") thoo saamantaraaju sambandhaalu dwara thana praantiiya adhikaranni samarthavantamgaa cheyagaligadu. shugo" prabhuvulaku muromachi paalana vaariki icchina konni chattabaddhamaina vidhulu unnaayi, mariyu saamantulanu swaadheenam chesukovadaniki prayatnistunna bhuswamya prabhuvulu unnaaru. nanboku-choe yuddha samayamlo, samuray stevardulu tarachugaa prabhuvula bhoomulanu swaadheenam chesukuni vaatini chattaviruddhamgaa private holdings ("chigyo") gaa marcharu. idhi estate vyavastha yokka mottam parisamaapti kii daariteesindi. shugo" prabhuvulu kooda tama niyantranalo unna puurvapu estatelanu samuray lanu swaadheenam chesukovadam dwara eee toku bhusekaranalo palgonnaru. bhoomipai eee atikramana chinna samuray nundi "kokujin" varaku anni bhuu prayojanaalaku bhadrata samasyalanu kaliginchindi, mariyu "shugo" edho oka rakamaina sthaanika bhadratanu andinchagaladu kabatti sthaanika samuray luu "shugo" prabhuvulatho saamantula roopamlo madhyavarti sambandhaalanu korukovadaniki daariteesindi.
shugo" prabhuvu mariyu "kokujin" madhya saamanta sambandhaalanu "shugo-yook" ("shugo" oppandaalu) anie pilicheevaaru."ikkade oka goppa yajamani rajadhanilo nivasistunna yajamaniki haamii ivvabadina samvatsaram mugimpu (" "nengue" ") aadaayaaniki badulugaa thana estatenu nirvahinche baadhyatanu" "shugoku" "istaadu". shugo" prabhuvu appudu aaa estatelapy nirvahakulugaa saamanta samuray ("hickon") nuu swaadheenam chesukunnadu. shugo" oppandaalu "shugo" prabhuvu, samuray "kokujin" mariyu kuleenula prayojanaalanu okadaanitoe okati mudipettayi, conny prayojanaala samaanatvampai aadharapadi laevu. sthaanika samuray ("kokujin") thoo saamantula sambandhaalanu vistarinchadaaniki mariyu prabhuvula vyayamtho thana bhuu sthaavaraanni vistarinchadaaniki eee parikaranni upayoginchina "shugo" prabhuvuku eee oppandam chaalaa anukuulamgaa undhi.
"shugo" oppandaalu 1340laloe udbhavinchaayi mariyu kramamga vistrutamgaa vyaapinchayi. hugo" prabhuvulu sainika sevaku badulugaa estate nirvahananu samuraysku icchaaru, conny aaa kuleenuniki estatepy unna anni adhikaralu tolaginchabaddaayi, mariyu samvatsaram chivarilo athani aadaayam ("" nengu "") kosam vechi undataaniki tagginchabaddaaru ". goppavaru aadaayamlo thana sonta bhaagaaniki haamii ivvadaaniki adhika mottamlo pannu paryaveekshakulanu ("nengu diacon") niyaminchukunnaaru. pannu paryaveekshakudu thana sagaanni teesukunna tarvaata goppa aadaayam (appatike "kokujin" mariyu "shugo" prabhuvu dwara tagginchabadindi) marinta tagginchabadindi. shugo" mariyu samurays kramamga chellinchakapovadam valla goppa aadaayamlo eee taggimpu sambhavinchindi. anduvalla, yodhulapai ottidi techhe maargamgaa prabhuvulu vaddii runadaatalanu ("doso"), bureaucratlanu ("bugyanin") niyaminchukunnaaru. conny idhi kooda panikiraanidi, endukante addeku teesukunna chetulu yodhulatho charchalu jarapalsi vachindi.
"shugo" mariyu prabhutva bhoomulu ("kokugario").
iteevali kaalam varaku ekkuvagaa kanipinchani chitram, muromachi kaalamlo prabhutva bhoomula ("kokugaryo") vidhi, vaatipai vaari aakramanalo "shugo" prabhuvula paatra. hayeon kaalamlo prabhutva bhoomulu (kokugario) estatela private bhoomula ("shaan") nundi vaeru cheyabaddaayi, endukante rendodi rashtra pannu nundi vimukti pondindi. private estatela perugudalaku mundu, paatha poura paripalana krinda nirvahinche prabhutva bhoomulu matrame rakamaina bhoomulu. hayeon kaalamlo "shaan" anie piluvabade private estatela perugudalato, prabhutva bhoomulu eppatikee adrushyam kaledu vivaraalalo, prabhutva bhoomulu private estatela nundi chaalaa takkuvagaa undevi. rendoo gairhaajaraina yajamaanula yajamanyamlo undevi. paripalana paramgaa matrame avi bhinnamgaa undevi private estatelanu neerugaa kuleena adhikarulu nirvahinchevaaru, ayithe, prabhutva bhoomulanu modati vaari tarapuna poura governorlu (kokuga ledhaa kokushi) nirvahinchevaaru.
kamakura kaalam natiki, prabhutva bhoomulu vividha bhuswamula yajamanyamlo private holdings ("chigyo") gaa undevi. eee bhuswamulalo kuleena gruhalu, mataparamaina samsthalu mariyu yodhulu unnaaru. canto mariyu eshaanya praantaalu mottam yodhulache estate nirvahakulugaa kakunda, private holdingsga nirvahinchabaddaayi. canto praavinsulu kamakura palanaku private bhuumulugaa ("chigyokoku") manjuru cheyabaddaayi. ashikaga paalana eee bhoomulanu vaarasatvamgaa pondhi, duradrushtavasaattu, vaatipai "shugo" prabhuvulanu unchaalani nirnayinchukundi.
poura governor karyalayam (kokushi) yokka pradhana vidhullo okati provinceulalo naera nyaya paryaveekshanha, mariyu prabhutva bhoomula (kokugaryo) lopala private holdings nirvahana, conny kamakura paalana raavadamtho athani paniteeru maaradam praarambhinchindi. kamakura "shugo" constablanu niyaminchadamtho, praavinsulalooni anni neraparamaina adhikara paridhi athani chetulloki vellindi. conny poura paripaalanalo ("ritsurio") poura governor ("kokushi") keelaka adhikariga konasagaru, private holdings nundi adde kyoto mariyu yamashiro provinceloni haajarukaani prabhuvulu mariyu mataparamaina samsthalaku ("jisha honzo") cherela chusaru. athani paryaveekshanhaloo yodhula vyaktigata sthaavaraalu laevu, ivi saadhaaranamgaa canto mariyu marinta uttaraana kendrikrutamai untaayi.
nanboku-choe yuddham prarambhamainappudu, poura paripalana ("ritsurio") vaegamgaa vichchinnam kavadam praarambhinchindi, mariyu kamakura kaalamlo praantiiya paalanalo chinna paatra pooshinchina "shugo" prabhuvulu poura governor vidhulanu swaadheenam chesukovadaniki udbhavinchaaru. idhi prati provincelo ventane jaragaledu, conny "shugo" prabhuvulu prabhutva bhoomulapai nijamaina governorlu ayye varaku etuvanti antaraayam lekunda jarigindi. vaaru prabhutva bhoomula lopala private holdings paryaveekshanhanu chepattadamtho, vaaru aneka rakaala bhuuswaamulatoe sambandhaalu yerparachukunnaruh prabhuvulu, vividha rakaala samuray (kokujin, jijamurai) mariyu mataparamaina samsthalatho. vaaru eee bhoomulapai tama sonta anucharulanu bandhinchi, sainika sevaku badulugaa ippatike unna samuray bhoomulanu tirigi dhruveekarinchaaru, mariyu oohinchadagina phalitaalato prabhuvulatho "shugo" oppandaalanu yerparachukunnaru. estatelapy sthaanika samuray (kokujin) thoo saamanta sambandhaalato paatu, prabhutva bhoomulapai saamanta sambandhaalu "shugo" prabhuvula saktini penche keelaka vanarugaa marai.
inca, 1346loe, muromachi paalana aavirbhavinchina padeella taruvaata, shogan "shugoku" estatelapy panta dongatanam kesulanu teerpu cheppe hakkunu ivvadam dwara mariyu saamraajyavaada dalaala nundi teesukunna arhulaina saamantulaku bhoomini tatkalikamga ketayinchadam dwara adhikaranni vikendrikarinchindi. idhi mukhyamainadi, endukante kamakura adhikara paridhilooni saampradaaya praantaalanu muromachi paalana "vadulukundi". gatamlo, panta dongatanam ledhaa bhoomi ketayimpula kesulu annee khachitamgaa kamakura paripaalanalo undevi. alaage, eee samayamlo, saamraajyavaada dalaalu tama ghoramaina otamulanu edurkonnaayi, satruvula bhoomini japthu cheyadaaniki mariyu tirigi ketaayinchadaaniki terateesaayi. eee kotta adhikara paridhini "shugo" prabhuvulaku ivvadam dwara, idhi vaariki ketaayinchina praavinsulapai governorluga vaari sthaanaanni marinta penchindi.
adhikaaraaniki chattabaddhata mariyu parimitulu.
eee dwandwa saamardhyamlo, "shugo" prabhuvulu governorluga paripaalinche bhoomi kosam provinceulalo itara bhuuswaamulatoe pootii padavalasi vachindi, conny vyaktigatamgaa swantam kaaledu. kuleena yajamaanula maadirigaane, oke "shugo" prabhuvu aneka provinceulalo vistrutamgaa chellacheduruga unna praantaalalo bhoomulanu kaligi unnadu. athani adhikaram padahaarava sataabdaaniki chendina praadaesika prabhuvula (diamyo) vanti bhoomi vyaktigata yaajamaanyampai nirminchabadaledu, conny saamantula sambandhaala dwara sthaanika samuray vidheyatapai nirminchabadindi. padahaarava sataabdaaniki chendina praadaesika prabhuvulu chaalaa ekkuva balavantam chese saamarthyaanni upayoginchaaru, endukante vaari saamanta sambandhaalu vaari chuttoo unna bhoomulapai vaari yajamanyam meeda aadharapadi undevi yajamanuluga vaaru taginatlugaa bhoomini pampinhee cheyagaligevaaru, ekkuva shrama lekunda tirugubaatudaarulaina saamantulanu vadilinchukovacchu. padnaalugo sataabdamloo, "shugo" prabhuvulu bhuubhaagam yokka vistruta yajamanyanni pondalekapoyaruh modatidi, vyaktigata praantiiya yajamanyam anae bhavana inca abhivruddhi chendaledu; rendavadi, vaaru eppuduu pedda mottamlo vyaktigata aastini sekarinchaledu, vaari saamantulanu japthu cheyadaaniki estate bhoomulu mariyu prabhutva bhoomula saampradaaya chatraanni upayoginchadampai aadharapaddaru. idhi padnaalugo sataabdapu kendra rahasyam estate vyavastha vichchinnam mariyu raddu, mariyu poura paripalana adrushyam private bhoomula vistaranatoe samanamga unnaayi, ayithe estate vyavastha ("shaan") mariyu prabhutva bhoomula vyavastha (kokugario) yokka bahya chatram, content laenappatikee, ippatikee migilipoyindi. vichchinnatanu batti, "shugo" saamantula madhyavartitva sambandhaalu, mariyu praantiiya governorga "shugo" paatra, bhinnamaina saktulanu kontavaraku ekikrutam cheyadaaniki sahayapaddayi.
yodhula chetullo nashtapoyina bhuswamula vyavastha elaa manugada saaginchindo aascharyamgaa undhi. paina vivarinchina ksheeninchina roopamlo adhi manugada saaginchadaaniki rendu kaaranaalu unnaih okati, yodhula chorabatla nepathyamlo estate vyavasthanu sthiramgaa samarthinchina muromachi paalana uniki. mundu vivarinchinatlugaa, ashikaga takauji sagam pannu kolata dwara yodhulapai nirdesinchina parimitulanu minchakunda chusukovadaniki prayatninchaadu, conny athanu thana estate yokka goppavaadini mariyu daani aadaayaanni nijamgaa khandinchina "shugo" oppandam vanti erpaatlanu tappinchukovadamlo viphalamayyaadu. sagam pannu chattanni neraverchadaaniki samuray oka bhaganni appaginchaalsi vachinappatikee, sagam pannu charya, samuray chetulloni estatenu puurtigaa swaadheenam chesukovadam nundi kuleenulanu rakshinchaledu. chivariki, muromachi paripalana samuray vaari aadaayamlo kontha bhaganni prabhuvulaku chellinchela chesindi.
estate vyavastha manugada venuka unna maroka kaaranam kuleena vargam yokka chattabaddhatato mudipadi undhi. estatelalo nivasinche raitulalo yodhula perugudala prachuryam pondaledu. prabhuvula sunnitamaina hastam kooda prajalu gowravinche hastam. prajalalo puurtigaa avidheyata mariyu tirugubaatunu nivaarinchadaaniki "shugo" prabhuvulu mariyu kokujin iddaroo estate nirmaanam yokka bahya roopaanni gowravinchadaaniki oka kaaranam. raitula drushtilo tama palananu chattabaddham cheyadaaniki, eee nirmaanam puurtigaa marchabadinappatiki, yodhulu estate nirmaanam yokka chatramlo panicheesaaru. yamashiro provins velupala unna estate vyavastha enthagaa ksheeninchindo, prabhuvulaku provinceulalo takkuva ledhaa etuvanti prabhavam migili undadani oka kesu cheyavachu.
shakti ekikaranah 1360-1370.
1358loe takauji maranam taruvaata, shogunate athani kumarudu yoshiyakiraku badilee cheyabadindi. ayana naayakatvamlo, mariyu "conrey" hosakawa yoriyuki naayakatvamlo, 1360luu mariyu 1370laloe "shugo" prabhuvulanu ekikrutam cheyadamlo paalana vijayam saadhinchindi. "aashikagaaku chendina "shugo" saakha kutumbaalu ippudu prabhutva adhikara paridhiloo panicheesaayi. shugo" prabhuvulanu paalanatho drudhamgaa mudipettina "conrey" council vyavastha aavirbhavam kaaranamgaa idhi jarigindi. shogunal aadhipatyam ippudu marinta balamgaa undhi, idhi tappu chesina "shugo" prabhuvulanu kramasikshana cheyadaaniki vaariki veelu kalpinchindi. inca, 1368 sagam-pannu decree yokka prabhavalu; shogunetnu saamraajya aasthaanaaniki daggaragaa unche kortu ranking vyavastha; mariyu kyushu mariyu canto praantaalalo muromachi adhikaaraaniki parimitulu annee muromachi saktini ekikrutam cheyadaaniki upayogapaddaayi.
kanno sanghatana taruvaata sambandhaalanu saricheyadaaniki, yoshiyakira 1362loe "conrey" council vyavasthanu sthaapinchadam dwara palananu punarvyavastheekarinchaaru. eee vyavastha rendu bhaagaalato roopondinchabadindi, "conrey" karyalayam mariyu "conrey" adhyakshata vahinchina senior saamanta mandali ("jushin kaigi"). eee vyavasthalo atyanta saktivantamaina "shugo" kutumbaalu madhya mariyu paschima japaannu neerugaa paalinchadamlo palgonnayi. shoganto paatu, "conrey" council muromachi palanaku enthagaa hrudayamgaa udbhavinchindante, charitrakaarulu eee palananu "bakufu"-"shugo" vyavasthagaa vargeekarinchaaru.
conrey" council.
takauji niyantranalo unna sainika saamanta samsthalu mariyu tadayoshi niyantranalo unna bureaucratic-judicial samsthala madhya vibhajana mariyu gharshana kaaranamgaa kanno sanghatanatho udbhavinchina sangharshana jarigindi. conrey" council vyavastha aavirbhaavamto, sainyaniki praatinidhyam vahinchina "shugo" prabhuvulu bureaucracytho drudhamgaa mudipadi unnaaru.
conrey" yokka pani senior saamanta mandali ("" jushin kaigi ") mariyu shogan madhya pratinidhigaa panicheyadam. conrey" kii rojuvaaree praatipadikana paalanalooni bureaucratic amsaalanu pariseelinchadam, kounsilku mariyu bureaucrassiki shogunal aadesaalanu sampradinchadam mariyu prasaram cheyadam kooda baadhyatagaa undedi. eee vyavasthalo, council mariyu shogan madhya sampradimpulalo paalana vidhanam roopondinchabadindi, ayithe tudi nirnayaalu shogan teesukunnadi.
naalugu taraalalo (papinote 1972:27) taakaujeeki sambandhinchina moodu "shugo" kutumbaala vamsapaaramparya samuuham nundi "kanrei" sthiramgaa empika cheyabadindihi hosoka, hatakeyama mariyu shiba. moodu kutumbaalu eee padavini bharti cheyadaaniki malupulu tirigaayi. vaaru paalanalo atyunnata sthaayi "shugo" kutumbaalu. praarambhamlo, eee council eee moodu "shugo" kutumbaala adhipatulatho paatu saktivantamaina "shugo" kutumbaala yokka maroe naalugu adhipatulatho koodi undedih yamana, ishiki, akamatsu mariyu kyogoku. taruvaati rendu kutumbaalaku ashikaga kutumbaaniki sambandham ledhu. sambandhinchani "shugo" kutumbaalanu mandalilo cherchukune dhorani taruvaati konni dasaabdaalalo auchi, sasaki mariyu toki kutumbaala niyaamakamtho konasaagindi. bandhuthvamtho sambandham lekunda saktivantamaina "shugo" kutumbaalu paalanatho mudipadi unnayani eee dhorani suuchistumdi. shugo" prabhuvulu mariyu shogan madhya prayojanaala sangharshanhalu "shugo" prabhuvulanu council lopala charchalalo vaari abhipraayaalanu vyaktam cheyadaaniki anumatinchadam dwara samsthaagatam cheyabaddaayi.
14va sataabdamloo imagava (kontakaalam tarvaata council sabhyudaina), hosokkava, hatakeyama, shiba mariyu tokeela nundi empika cheyabadina senior saamanta mandali sabhyudu kooda boardu off retainers ("samuraidokoro") kuu naayakatvam vahinchaaru. kyoto loe pooliisu vidhulu mariyu naera nyayanni amalu cheyadampai boardu off retainerlaku baadhyata undedi. japaanlo atyanta dhanika mariyu atyanta janasaandrata kaligina yamashiro provincelo karyalaya yajamani svayamchaalakamgaa "shugo" ayyadu mariyu paalana pradhana karyalayam mariyu kyotonu rakshinche baadhyatanu kaligi unnadu. 15va sataabdam prarambham natiki, naalugu "shugo" kutumbaala nundi nilupudaladaarula boardu adhipatini empika chesaru yamana, akamatsu, kyogoku mariyu ishiki.
"senior saamanta mandali mariyu nilupudaladaarula mandalilo "shugo" bhagaswamyam mukhyamainadi endukante eee madhyavartitva parikaraala vadakam dwara ashikaga shoganlu tama aadesaala meraku rashtraanni kendrikarinchagaligaaru. pradhana adhikariga ("soryo") bandhutvam, niyamaka yantraamgaa peddadigaa untundi, ikkada kooda, "shugo" prabhuvulu ekkuvagaa ashikaga saakhala kutumbaalu. ayithe, eee bandhutva sambandhaalu pakshika-swatantra "shugo" prabhuvulu mariyu paalana madhya madhyavartitvam chese maargamlo peddagaa panicheyaledu. idhi "conrey" council vyavastha dwara paalinchadamlo "shugo" prabhuvula samarthavanthamaina bhagaswamyam, idhi vaari prayojanaalanu munupati kante marinta drudhamgaa paalanatho bandhinchindi.
ashikaga mariyu "shugo" sankiirnaalu.
1362loe, desamloni rendu atyanta saktivantamaina "shugo" gruhalu, auchi mariyu yamana, shogan tama tama praavinsula antargata vyavaharalalo jokyam chesukokudadane sharathupai tamanu taamu ashikaga palanaku samarpinchukunnaaru (grossberg 1981:25). tadanantaram, ashikagaku sambandhinchina yamanlu, mariyu laeni auchi, prabhutva vyavaharalalo mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchadam praarambhinchaaru. ayithe, konni dasaabdaalalo, rendu "shugo" illu shogan kopaanni bharinchenta saktivantamgaa marai.
1366loe, thana padamuudeella kumarudipai nijamaina adhikaranni kaligi unna, keelaka prabhutva karyalayallo shiba kutumba sabhyulanu niyaminchadaaniki injanir chesina modati "conray" karyalaya yajamani tandri shiba takatsunenu, athani perugutunna shakti mariyu ahankaaram kaaranamgaa desadrohigaa prakatinchaaru (athanu "conray" padavini angeekarinchadam dwara avamaanaaniki gurayyadu, kabatti athanu thana kodukunu niyaminchaadu). oka mukhyamaina "shugo" kutumbaaniki vyatiraekamgaa modati shakti pradarsanalo, yoshiyakira yamana, sasaki, yoshimi mariyu toki "shugo" prabhuvulanu echizen provinceloni shibapai daadi cheyamani aadesinchaadu. shiba odipoyaaru, mariyu echizen looni vaari bhuubhaagam punahpampinii cheyabadindi. 1367loe, shiba kutumbaanni tolaginchina taruvaata, hosakawa yoriyukini "kanrei" padaviki varasudiga niyaminchaaruh shogan yoshiyakira maranam taruvaata, yuva shogan yoshimitsu alpasankhyaaka kaalamlo palananu drudamaina punaadipai unchadaaniki yoriyuki nirvahinchevaadu.
1366loe tama sonta sahacharulalo okaripai daadi cheyadaaniki "shugo" prabhuvulanu upayoginchadam "shugo" prabhuvulatho poliste shogan yokka perugutunna adhikaranni suuchistumdi. appati varaku, shogan thana "shugo" prabhuvulaku vyatiraekamgaa upayoginchagala nijamaina sikshaatmaka yantraamgaalu laevu. oka "shugo" prabhuvunu marokariki vyatiraekamgaa nilabettadam shogan chetini balopetam chesindi.
1362loe, kyotoku vyatiraekamgaa chivari dakshinaadi kortu daadi ashikaganu rajadhani nundi upasamharinchukovalasi vachindi, conny munupati aneka prayatnaala maadirigaane, saamraajyavaadulu chivariki aemee saadhinchakundaa pedda edurudaadi edurkoni venakki taggavalasi vachindi. 1350laloe saamraajyavaada sainyaalalo unna utsaaham ksheeninchindi. eee thedhee taruvaata pratighatana chedurumadurugaa mariyu puurtigaa rakshanaatmakamgaa maarindi. chivaraku, 1369loe, goo-murakami chakravarthy maraninchina oka samvatsaram taruvaata, balamaina saamraajyavaada general kusinoki masanori palanaku longipoyadu. ayana longipovadam madhya praavinsulaku saamraajyavaada muppunu antam chesindi.
saamraajyabaddhamaina chattabaddhata.
1370loe, kyushulooni dakshina aasthaana pratighatana yokka chivari burujunu kuulchivaeyadaaniki "kanrei" yoriyuki mariyu senior saamanta mandali dwara imagava sadayo (ryoshun) nuu niyaminchaaru. pannendu samvatsaraala kathinamaina dandayaatra taruvaata, 1381loe kikuchi vamsam otamitho saamraajyavaada pratighatana kuppakoolindi; mariyu 1385loe shimazu ujihisa maranamtho, chivari kyushu praantiiya domine palanaku thana vidheyatanu prakatinchindi. kyushu pathanamtho paschima japan mottam ashikaga paalanaloki vachindi. ayithe, prabhuvulapai ashikaga palananu chattabaddham cheyadaaniki pracharalu matrame saripoledu.
1367 taruvaata, shogan yoshimitsu alpasankhyaaka kaalamlo, "conrey" hosokawa yoriyuki prabhuvula konam nundi palananu chattabaddham chese prayatnamlo churukuga unnaaru. athanu atyanta sampradaayavaada charyala dwara dheenini chesaadu, kyotoloni prabhuvulalo pratishtanu pondaadu. athanu yuva shogan palgonadam dwara puraatana kortu ranking vyavasthanu upayoginchaadu. munupati itara yodhula nayakudi kante ayana palananu aasthaanamtho chaalaa daggaragaa mudipettaru. ilaa cheyadam dwara, athanu palananu saamraajya aasthaanaaniki daggaragaa kattivesadu, tadwara nanboku-choe sangharshanaku aajyam poesina bhaavajaalam yokka kalankaanni tolaginchaaduh ashikaga takauji saamraajya shakti punaruddharanaku vyatiraekamgaa poraadutunna desadrohigaa pariganinchabaddaadu.
japan samaajamlooni vividha taragatulalo prajaadarana kaaranamgaa aasthaana samajam intha kaalam manugada saaginchindi. estate sthaayilo, raitulu yodhula kante prabhuvulaku chaalaa daggaragaa bhaavinchaaru. prabhuvula shakti ksheenistunnappatiki, vaari prabhavam vaari vaastava saktiki chaalaa minchi undhi, endukante vaaru sampradaayam yokka chattabaddhatanu mariyu yodhulaku laeni samskruti yokka aakarshananu kaligi unnaaru. anduke yoriyuki yuva shogannu aasthaana vedukalalo palgonamani aadesinchaaduh indulo palgonadam anedi aneka sataabdaala naati aasthaana ranking vyavasthalo atyunnata sainika nayakudini kaligi undhi, mariyu daani aavaranagaa chakravarthy nundi birudulanu pondaalsina yodhulatho sahaa prati okkaripai saamraajya rekha yokka praamukhyata undhi. eee kortu ranking aacharamlo palgonadam dwara, ashikaga paalana mottam samaajaaniki balamaina sandesaanni pamputondihi kortu pradaanam chesina chattabaddhata ippatikee chellubaatu ayyedi mariyu ippatikee mukhyamainadi. eee bhagaswamyam yodhula paalana mariyu aasthaanaala madhya udriktatalanu tagginchindi, mariyu yodhula taragatilo aasthaana samskrutini vyaapti cheyadam yokka analochita prabhavanni choopindi. yodhulu swayamgaa prabhuvula samskruti patla aakarshitulayyaaru, zen rock guardens nirmaanamloo palgonadam vanti vaari abhiruchulanu anukarinchaaru. 14va sataabdam chivaralo shogan mariyu saamraajya aasthaanaala madhya erpadina sambandham, shogan shakti yokka chattabaddhatanu vistrutam chese prabhavanni choopindi.
conray" yoriyuki 1368loe chivari sagam-pannu decree ("hanjei") nuu prakatinchaadu. eee decree palanaku goppa prayojanaalanu mudipettindihi idhi saamraajya kutumbam (pradhana devalayala niyantranalo unna bhoomulu) yaajamaanyamloni bhoomulanu mariyu saamraajya raajapratinidhula (fujiwara) yaajamaanyamloni bhoomulanu sagaaniki tagginchadaanni nishedhinchindi. minahaayimpulalo munupati shogan puurti birudunu icchina goppa bhoomulu mariyu samuray stevardulu ("gto") nirvahinche estatelu unnaayi. eee uttarvu desavyaaptamgaa anni estatelaku vartistundi, estatelapy marinta samuray chorabaatlanu nirodhinchadaaniki mariyu samuray chorabatla nepathyamlo prabhuvula prayojanaalanu kaapaadataaniki daariteesindi. munupati sagam-pannu uttarvula maadirigaa kakunda, idhi sampradaayavaadamainadi, mariyu daani lakshyam kuleena bhoomulanu vibhajana nundi rakshinchadam, daanini samarthinchadam kaadu.
appatike jarigina samuray chorabatla vaastavaalanu tippikottalekapoyaru. saiddhaantikamgaa bahirangamgaa cheppabadinadi provinceulalo vaastavaaniki jarugutunnadaaniki dhooramgaa undhi. 1368 decree unnappatikee estatelapy samuray mariyu "shugo" prabhuvula chorabaatlu teevramgaa undevi. 15va sataabdamtoe, bhuu-swaadheenam yokka eee dhorani marinta spashtamgaa maarindi. ashikaga shoganlu estatelapy chorabaatlanu aapalekapoyaru. edhi prabhaavavantam kakapoyina, 1368 decree goppa prayojanaalanu gurtinchindi mariyu yodhula paalana dwara saiddhaantikamgaa rakshinchabadindi, eee prakriyaloo rendinti prayojanaalanu mudipettaru.
1360laloe udbhavinchina muromachi paalana yokka pratyaksha paalana bhougolikamgaa paschima mariyu madhya praavinsulaku parimitam cheyabadindi, munupati kamakura paalana canto praantamloo elaa undindi anedaaniki bhinnamgaa. takeda, chiba, yuki, saatake, oyama, utsunomia, shoni, otomo, asso vanti aashikagaaku sambandham laeni "shugo" prabhuvulu ("tojama") velupala, shimazu kutumbaalu, veerandaroo canto mariyu kyushu praantaalalo ledhaa sameepamlo kendrikrutamai unnaaru, "kanrei" council vyavasthalo paalgonaledu mariyu paalana nundi paakshikamgaa swatantramgaa unnaaru. kyoto nundi sulabhamgaa niyantrinchabadani praantaalalo vaari pradhana sthaanaala kaaranamgaa, vaariki ashikaga nissabdamgaa gurtinchabadindi mariyu "shugo" birudulu icchaaru.
kyushu.
1370loe praarambhamaina kyushu dandayaatra taruvaata, kyushu deputy ("tanday") aaa dveepamlo muromachi palanaku pratinidhi ayyadu. imagava sadayo (ryoshun) dakshina aasthaana dalaalaku vyatiraekamgaa mariyu shimazu ujihisapai poraataanni samarthavantamgaa amalu chesaadu. sadayo vanti pratinidhulu muromachi pratinidhulu, vaaru sthaanika samuraysku saamantula puurti adhikaaraalanu ahankaaram chesinappatiki. udaaharanaku, 1377loe, sadayo mariyu aravai okka sthaanika samuraysto kuudina samuray kootami (ikki) madhya oka oppandam kudirindi. kootami sabhyula madhya anni vivaadaalanu kyushu deputy vaddaku teesukellaalani, ayithe kootami sabhyulu mariyu deputy madhya vivaadaalanu kyoto (harrington 1985:87) looni muromachi palanaku teesukellaalani oppandam nirdesinchindi. deputy paalana mariyu sthaanika praantam yokka prayojanaalanu ekam chesaadu. idhi swaatantryam kosam pralobhaanni kaliginchinanduna idhi oka anischitamaina sthaanam. edemaina, muromachi paalana vaari domine mottampai tama pratyaksha niyantrananu vistarinchaledu, anduvalla "shugo" prabhuvulu mariyu samuraayilanu prabhaavitam cheyadaaniki niyaminchabadina vaaripai aadharapadatam modalaindi.
canto.
14va sataabdam chivaralo, canto praantamloo saktivantamaina yodhula kutumbaalu aadhipatyam chelayinchayi. veetilo yusugi atyanta saktivantamainavaaru. tama sonta prayojanaalanu munduku teesukelladaaniki eee praantamlooni kutumbaala madhya chelaregina poraataanni vaaru sadviniyogam chesukogaligaru. 1368loe, utsunamia kutumbam muromachi paalana yokka kamakura pradhana kaaryaalayaaniki vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu chesindi, endukante vaaru yoosugeela chetilo tama "shugo" padavulanu kolpoyaru. yusugi "shugo" postulanu sameekarinchadam dwara mariyu itara kutumbaalanu kolpoyi saamantulanu swaadheenam chesukovadam dwara tama prabhavanni vistarinchagaligaaru.
eee praantamloo paalana aadesaalu koragaligedi kamakura pradhana karyalayalu. perugutunna pradhana karyalayam paalana nundi swatantramgaa maarindi, aapai idhi praantiiya vivaadaalu, praantiiya pannulanu chusukuni, kyotoloni paalana nundi kaneesa prameyamtho "shugo" prabhuvulatho sambandhaalanu abhivruddhi chesindi-idhi cato yokka "dii jyoor" hakku ayinappatikee, sthuupaalanu dhruveekarinchadam mariyu "shugo" niyamakalanu aamodinchadam.
adhikaram kendrikaranah 1379-1399.
1360la keelakamaina dasaabdamloo okadaani taruvaata okati pratighatana praantam muromachi palanaku padipoyindi. auchi mariyu yamana vanti saktivantamaina "shugo" prabhuvulu tamanu taamu pakshika-swatantra prabhuvulugaa samarpinchukunnaaru; samayam gadichekoddi dakshina aasthaana pratighatana marinta vyardham ayyindi. sainikaparamgaa, 1366loe tama sonta sahacharulalo okaripai daadi cheyamani "shugo" prabhuvula sevalanu pilavagaligindi, shogunal niyantranaku "shugo" yokka perugutunna adheenatanu suuchimchimdi. conrey" council vyavasthanu srushtinchadam, bakufu "bureaucracylo saktivantamaina" shugo "kutumbaala perugutunna bhagaswamyam, alaage saamraajya aasthaanamtho sannihita sambandhaalu paalana yokka chattabaddhamaina punaadini vistarinchaayi. shogunal sainyam abhivruddhi, mariyu vaanijya/vyavasaya aadaayaalu mariyu pannulanu prabhutvam upayoginchadam kooda shogan adhikaram yokka balamaina kendrikaranaku dohadapaddayi.
ayithe, bhougolikamgaa, muromachi paalana parimita paridhi, canto mariyu kyushu praantaalapai thana adhikara paridhini praantiiya pratinidhulaku appaginchindi, honshu yokka madhya mariyu paschima praavinsulapai matrame ekkuva ledhaa takkuva pratyaksha niyantrananu kaligi undhi. 1379loe yoshimitsu adhikaranni sweekarinchina yaabhai samvatsaraala taruvaata, muromachi paalana japan yokka eduruleni prabhutvamgaa daani atyanta saktivantamaina dasaloki pravesinchindi.
ashikaga mariyu saamraajya rajasabha.
yoshimitsu kinda (f. kanrei" gaa yoriyukeeni tolaginchina taruvaata adhikara paggalu chepattina) appati nundi japanese samskrutini vargeekarinchina nirmaana mariyu saamskrutika roopaala paripakvatanu chuusaaru. saamraajya rajasabha mariyu daani samskrutitoe aayanaku unna sannihita anubandham, kotta kalalaku ayana ichhe prothsaaham eee samskrutini sainika kuleenulaku mariyu "shugo" prabhuvulaku vyaapti cheyadaaniki sahayapaddayi. shogan mariyu saamraajya aasthaanaala madhya eee sambandham rendu samsthalaku adanapu pratishtanu tecchipettindi, mariyu shoganku munupati kamakura paalanalo laeni poura chattabaddhata mariyu samskruti yokka prakaasaanni ichindi mariyu adhi yodhulaku niraakarinchabadindi.
tappanisari nivaasa vidhanam.
1380laloe yoshimitsu paschima, madhya "shugo" prabhuvulanu kyotolo nivasinchamani oppinchinappudu "conrey" council vyavastha balapadindi. athanu 1389loe auchi yoshihironu sandarsinchadaaniki kooda vellaadu, mariyu athani teerthayaatra circuitlalo okadaani samayamlo kyoto loe nivasinchamani oppinchaadu (eee circuitlanu athanu prayaaninchina praavinsula dwara thana saktini pradarsinchadaaniki upayoginchaaru). eee vidhanam shogan "shugo" prabhuvula chuttoo thana pattunu biginchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. rajadhani nagaranni vidichipettadaaniki anumati arudugaa "shugo" prabhuvuku manjuru cheyabadindi, idhi senior saamanta mandalilo charchinchina tarvaata matrame manjuru cheyabadindi. praantiiya tirugubaatu ledhaa dakshina kortu gerilla karyakalapala vishayamlo anumati manjuru cheyabadinappudu kooda, kyotolo tagina bandeelanu vadiliveyabadindi. shugo" prabhuvu anumati lekunda vellipothe, adhi rajadroham laantidigaa bhaavistaaru.
canto mariyu kyushu "shugo" lanu kyotolo tappanisari nivaasam yokka eee kramam nundi minahaayinchaaru. edemaina, muromachi paalana yokka kamakura pradhana karyalayam canto "shugo" prabhuvulaku sambandhinchi idhe vidhamaina vidhananni erpaatu chesindi, mariyu paschima mariyu madhya "shugo" prabhuvulu kyotolo bhavanalanu tayaaru chesinatle kamakuralo bhavanalanu erpaatu chesindi. kyotoloni bhavana bhavanam fashionga maarindi, chivariki kyushu yokka shimazu vanti "shugo" prabhuvulanu chaerchaaru, athanu alaa cheyavalasina avasaram laenappatikee kyotolo nivasinchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu.
shugo" prabhuvulaku eee vishayamlo takkuva empika undedi, endukante vaaru desadrohigaa mudra vese pramaadam undhi. eee nivaasa vidhanam "shugo" prabhuvula kadalika swechhanu tappinchukunnanduna vaari adhikaranni teevramgaa parimitam chesindi. 15va sataabdam rendava traimasikam natiki, provinceulalo nijamaina adhikaram "shugo" prabhuvula nundi dhooramgaa velli, deputy "shugo" ("shugo-daayi"), mariyu provinceulalo nivasinchina itara swatantra samuray ("kokujin") lapai sthirapadindi. anduvalla, eee vidhanam "shugo" prabhuvulaku deerghakaalika vipattugaa maarindi. shugo" prabhuvulu provinceulalo tama adhikaranni konasaginchalante, tappanisari nivaasa vidhanam kaaranamgaa deputy "shugo" nuu niyaminchukovadam avasaram ayindi. swalpakaalikamgaa, saakha kutumba sabhyulanu mariyu samuray "kokujin" nuu deputy "shugo" gaa niyaminchadam, mariyu vaarini provinceulalo vaari swantha pratinidhulugaa upayoginchadam baga panichesindi; conny deerghakaalamlo, adhikaram "shugo" prabhuvula chetula nundi vaaru niyaminchina vaari chetulloki vellindi.
shogunal sainyam.
shugo" prabhuvulu chaalaa saktivantamgaa maaraarane saakutho vidheyataku tagginchadaaniki yoshimitsu sainika saktini upayoginchadaaniki venukaadaledu. athanu tanapai aadhaarapadina mottam 3,000 mandhi aidu vibhaagaalato kuudina kotta shogunal sainyanni ("gobanshu") sameekarinchaadu. eee shakti baleeyamaina shreni, mukhyamgaa itara "shugo" prabhuvula sahakaaramtho vaaru periginappudu. shogunal sainyam oka pratyeka dalamgaa shogannu neerugaa thana sonta saamantulato anusandhaaninchindi mariyu idhi kooda kokujin samuray thoo roopondinchabadindi. shogunal sainyam "shugo" dalaalapai tanikheegaa kooda panichesindi. modati ashikaga shogan, takauji, samuray stevardulanu estate bhoomulapai swaadheenam chesukovadam dwara vaaritho sambandhaalanu yerparachukunnadu. prarambha muromachi kaalam antataa, shogan aadhvaryamlo eee pratyeka saamanta sopanakramam kooda "shugo" saktipai oka mukhyamaina tanikhi.
shogunal sainyamlo rendu bhagalu undevi shogunal angarakshakudu (shinn 'eegun), indulo ashikaga saakha kutumba sabhyulu, "shugo" bandhuvulu mariyu "shugo" saakha kutumba sabhyulu, itara kumaarulu mariyu prabhutva adhikaarula sodarulu, mariyu mukhyamgaa saktivantamaina kokujin. (garishtamgaa) 350 mandhi purushulu unna eee samuuham, shogan vyaktini yea dharakaina rakshinchadaaniki siddhamgaa unna oka samanvaya mariyu nammakamaina samstha. eee chinna brundam chuttoo shogan yokka aneka pratyaksha saamantulu 1336 nundi daani muulaalanu kanugonnaru, appudu takauji aneka mandhi samuraayilanu gruha saamantulugaa swaadheenam chesukunnadu, veerini bahusha reserve armiga upayoginchaaru. shogunal angarakshakulalo pratyaksha saamantula sankhya 16va sataabdapu taruvaati hojo vamsam krinda namodu cheyabadina pratyaksha saamantula sankhya kante 60 saatam nundi 70 saatam varaku undani arnessen lekkinchaaru. taruvaata hojo odavaaraa dandayaatralo 50,000 mandhi sainikulanu moharinchagaligithe, 350 mandhi shogunal angarakshakudu 1391 naati maitoku udayamlo palgonna 3,000 mandhi dalaalatoe munduku raavadaaniki vaari swantha saamantulanu sulabhamgaa sameekarinchagaligevaaru. shogunal angarakshakudi srushti, itara shogunal saamantulapai eee samuuham yokka kendra sthaanam yoshimitsu yokka shogunal sainyanni takouji yokka shogunal saamantula nundi vaeru chestundi. kotta shogunal sainyamtho oka kathinamaina samstha mariyu "esprit dii corps" udbhavinchaayi.
"shugo" sankeernam oka saktigaa.
shogunal sainyam okkate yuddhabhoomilo "conrey" taragati "shugo" prabhuvulanu kalusukovadaniki mariyu oodinchadaaniki saripoledu, conny yoshimitsu abhyasinche yuddha rakaniki puurtigaa saripotundihi oka "shugo" prabhuvunu kutumba sabhyudiki vyatiraekamgaa, mariyu itara "shugo" prabhuvulaku vyatiraekamgaa nilabettadam. munupati shogan, yoshiyakira aadhvaryamlo udbhavinchina kotta shogunal aadhipatyam, yoshimitsu rajakeeyaalapai aadhipatyam chelaayinchindi. shogunal pratishta anadhikarikamga shogan yokka kopaanni kaliginchakundaa yea okka "shugo" prabhuvu oka nirdishta sthaayi adhikaranni minchakudadani nirdesinchindi. tama sonta sahacharulu evaruu itarulapai chaalaa saktivantamgaa mariyu aadhipatyam chelayinchakudadanedi "shugo" prabhuvula prayojaname.
1389loe eee vidhananni anusaristuu yoshimitsu mino, ise mariyu ovaaree praavinsula "shugo" prabhuvu toki yasuyukini taruvaati praavinsnu bandhuvuku appaginchaalani aadesinchaadu. yasuyuki niraakarinchaadu, mariyu yasuyuki bandhuvu, toki yorimasunu atanipai daadi cheyamani yoshimitsu aadesinchaadu. moodu samvatsaraala taruvaata yasuyuki odipoyaadu, mariyu mino provins 1391loe yorimasuku ivvabadindi. yoshimitsuku madhya provinceulalo toki yasuyuki thana adhikaaramlo kontha bhaganni kolpoyinanta varaku vidichipettina provins mino ledhaa ovaaree ayina pattimpu ledhu.
1391loe maitoku aavirbhaavaaniki mundu, yamana vamsam paschima mariyu madhya japaanlo 11 praavinsulanu kaligi undhi, idhi vaarini desamlo atyanta saktivantamaina "shugo" kutumbamgaa chesindi. yoshimitsu vaaripai daadi cheyadaaniki oka saaku kosam chushadu; mariyu yamana mitsuyuki (izumo, tamba, hoki mariyu oki praavinsulapai "shugo" gaa unna) ijumoloni saamraajya kutumbaaniki chendina konni estatelanu swaadheenam chesukunnappudu, yoshimitsu maajee "conrey" hosakawa yoriyukini mitsuyuki kii vyatiraekamgaa dandayaatranu plaan cheyadaaniki gurthu chesukunnadu. yamana "shugo" prabhuvulu mitsuyuki mariyu ujikio kyotopai daadi chesaaru, conny auchi yoshihiro dalaalatoe kalisi shogunal sainyam chetilo teevramgaa odipoyaaru. shogan dalaalatoe kuudina itara "shugo" dalaalu okkokkati 300 mandhi gurrapu sainikulaku minchaledu. dandayaatra taruvaata, yamanaku rendu praavinsulu matrame ketayinchabaddayi, tajima mariyu hoki, ujikio yuddhamlo champabaddadu, mitsuyuki 1395loe hatya dwara maraninchaadu.
oka "shugo" prabhuvu marokadaaniki vyatiraekamgaa nilabadatam 1399loe oka talaku cherukundi. hasyaspadamga, esaari lakshyam auchi yoshihiro, athanu yamanku vyatiraekamgaa poraatamlo palanaku baga seva chesaadu. yoshihiro 1397loe shoneepai daadi cheyamani aadesinchabaddaadu, athanu aaa prakriyaloo thana sodarudini kolpoyadu. yoshimitsu yokka byzantine dvandvatvam gurinchi athanu taruvaata telusukunnaduh aucheepai daadi cheyamani kooda shoneeni aadesinchaaru. eee dvandvatvaaniki kopamgaa, shogan atanni kyoto kii pilichinappudu thana praanaaniki bhayapadi, athanu avidheyatanu enchukunnadu, idhi atanni palanaku satruvugaa prakatinchadaaniki daariteesindi. sakay yuddhamlo, yoshimitsu aiduguru "shugo" prabhuvula dalaalatoe, hosoka, akamatsu, kyogoku, shiba mariyu hatakeyama, nagaraniki nippu pettadam dwara yoshihiro yokka rakshana panulanu adhigaminchaaru. yoshimitsu netrutvamloni mitraraajyaala dalamlo 30,000 mandhi yodhulu unnaaru, auchi yokka 5,000 mandhi yodhulu unnaaru; yoshihiro yuddhamlo munigi aatmahatya chesukunnadu.
eee munupati udaaharanalalo prati okkati vivarinchinatlugaa, shogunal aadhipatyam chaalaa prabhaavavantamgaa maarindi. shugo" prabhuvulanu daadi chesi, sahacharulanu naasanam cheyamani cheppadam dwara vibhajinchadaaniki dheenini upayoginchaaru. shogunal sainyamtho tama dalaalanu ekam cheyadamlo "shugo" prabhuvula sahakaram lekunda shogunal aadhipatyam vijayavantam ayyedi kaadu. ayithe, shogunal sainyam mariyu paalana yokka itara kharchulaku maddatu ivvadaaniki aardhika sahayam lekunda, eee balavantapu vidhanam oohinchalenidigaa undedi.
aadaaya vanarulu.
14va mariyu 15va sataabdaala chivaralo kyoto aardhika kaaryakalaapaalaku adbhutamaina kendramgaa undedi. shogan yoshimitsu aadhvaryamlo udbhavinchina tappanisari nivaasa vidhaanamtho, "shugo" prabhuvulu vaari saamantulu mariyu sevakulato kalisi nagaramloni vishishta janaabhaaku jodinchabaddaaru, indulo prabhuvulu, saamraajya rajasabha mariyu muromachi prabhutvam unnaayi. idhi nagaram yokka aardhika vruddhini prerepinchina vividha rakaala vastuvulu mariyu sevalaku vistaaramaina marketga maarindi. rajadhanilo nivasinchina shogan mariyu shugo prabhuvulaku eee perugudala mukhyamainadi, endukante vaaru runadaatala ("sakaya-doso") sampadanu sthiramaina praatipadikana upayoginchukunnaru, shogan vaarini nagaramlo pannu vasoolu chesevaarigaa kooda niyaminchaaru. muromachi paalana munupati kamakura paalana nundi chaalaa bhinnamgaa undataaniki kaaranam daani aadaayaaniki aadharam; daani aadaayamlo ekkuva bhaagam daani bhuu aadhaaramtho paatu vaanijya pannula nundi vachindi.
muromachi paalana yokka aadaayaaniki sambandhinchina vishayaalaku paripalana mandali ("mandocoro") nuu clearing housega upayoginchaaru. pannu prayojanaala kosam nagaramloni vividha vaanijya samuuhaalatoe palananu anusandhaaninchinadi pradhana bureaucratic samstha. 1393loe, prabhutvam neerugaa vaddii runadaatalaku pannu vidhinche hakkunu chattabaddham chesindi. kyotolo anchanaa veyabadina vaanijya pannulu kotta pattana aadhaarita muromachi palanaku punaadigaa marai, mariyu paalana yokka swabhaavaanni kevalam bhuswamya estatela aadhaaramgaa unna paalana nundi paakshikamgaa vaanijyam aadhaaramgaa unna palanaga nirnayaatmakamgaa marchai.
saampradaaya vyavasaya aadhaarita aadaayam moodu pradhana vanarula nundi vachindihi shogunal estatela nundi, shogunal saamantula nundi mariyu "shugo" prabhuvulaku vyatiraekamgaa anchanaa vesina pannula nundi. vaari vaarasulu tokugavato poliste ashikaga shoganla bhuu sthaavaram chaalaa takkuvagaa undedi; ayithe, kyoto mariyu canto praantaala madhya sumaru 200 shogunal estatelu ("goryosho") chellacheduruga undevi, eee estatela nundi sekarinchina aadaayam gananeeyamgaa undedi. antekakunda, shogunal estatelu mariyu shogunal sainyam madhya sambandham nirnayaatmakamainadih sainyamlo panichesina kontamandi purushulu shogan vyaktigata estatelapy nirvaahakulu kooda. antekakunda, chaalaa mandhi sthaanika samuray luu bhuu pannulanu neerugaa palanaku ("kyosay") chellinchaaru, eee prakriyaloo vaaru gruha saamantulugaa ("gokenin") anubhavinche adhikaralalo okatigaa, "shugo" pannu vasoolu chesevari nundi roganirodhaka saktini pondaaru. adanamgaa, "shugo" prabhuvulaku vaaru enni praavinsulanu paripaalinchaaro daani prakaram neerugaa ("shugo shussen") pannu vidhinchabadindi. nirminchaalsina ledhaa saricheyaalsina bhavanalu unnappudu, mariyu shoganku vividha prajectulaku nagadu avasaramainappudu dheenini paalana anchanaa vesindi.
kyoto mariyu yamashiro provincelalo abhivruddhi chendutunna market aardhika vyavastha kaaranamgaa muromachi palanaku aadaaya vanarulu kamakura paalanalo kante chaalaa ekkuvagaa maarutuu undevi. idhi saahasopetula nundi sekarinchina vaanijya aadaayamga kotta roopamlo vachindi, muromachi bureaucracy yokka adhikara nirmaanam kyoto nagaranni samarthavantamgaa swaadheenam chesukunna tarvaata oka pannu anchanaa veyabadindi.
paripalana.
ashikaga takauji mariyu athani maddatudaarulu paicheyi saadhinchadaaniki mundu daadaapu 30 samvatsaraala paatu irupakshaala madhya teevramaina poraatam konasaagindi. adhikaranni sameekarinche panini saadhinchadaaniki ayana moodu pradhana vidhanalapai aadhaarapaddaaru
1350laloe paalana patishtamaina taruvaata samuraylatho saamanta sambandhaalu mariyu "shugo" prabhuvulapai niyantrana rendoo sthaapinchabaddaayi. shogan yokka saktini nirnayinchadamlo eee rendu kramaanugataalu atyanta mukhyamaina anusandhaanaalu.
sagam-pannu vidhanam estate bhoomulapai ("shaan") samuray chorabatla chattabaddhatanu gurtinchindi, conny adhe samayamlo estate vyavastha manugadaku haamii ichindi.
kaamakuraato polchandi.
kamakura kaalamlo, samuray stevardulu ("gto") mariyu kamakura paalana (1185-1333) madhya saamanta sambandhaalu madhyavartulugaa undevi, endukante vaaru gtoni kaamakuraaloni shogan mariyu kyotoloni aasthaana prabhuvulaku neerugaa javaabudaareegaa unde sthithilo unchaaru. gto shogunal houseman ("gokenin") mariyu viswasaneeya saamantulu kooda kaavacchu, mariyu kyotoloni oka kuleenuniki chattabaddhamgaa chendina estate nirvahananu ivvabadutundi. athanu sainika seva mariyu bakayila roopamlo shoganku javaabudaareegaa undevaadu, conny oka kuleenula yaajamaanyamloni estate managerga, athanu taruvaati vaariki adde chellinchaalsi vachindi.
kamakura vyavastha yokka sthirathvam aadhipatya yodhulaku nayakatva hakkula ("gto shiki"), mariyu kuleena yajamaniki adde mariyu bhoomi yajamanya hakkula paalana haameepai aadharapadi undhi. jithotho saamanta sambandhaala dwara, kotta yodhula paalana paatha estate vyavasthaloki maarchabadindi, eee prakriyaloo yodhulu mariyu prabhuvula madhya unna viruddhamaina dhoranulanu tagginchindi. eee kamakura sampradaayam pratishtaatmakamainadi mariyu idhi muromachi kaalamlo anusarinchina daaniki udaaharanagaa nilichindi.
kamakura samayamlo kooda, yoritomo mariyu hojo raajapratinidhulu tama sonta gokenin nuu niyantrinchadam gurinchi matrame aandolana chendaaru, tama sonta saamantula bhuu vivaada kesulanu vinadaniki tamanu taamu uddeshapoorvakamgaa parimitam chesukunnaru mariyu vaari anucharulaku puraskarinchukoni, itara samuuhaala nundi itara vivaadaalanu poura paripalana dwara chusukovadaniki veelu kalpinchaaru. muromachi kaalam antataa "shugo" prabhuvula chorabatla nundi vaari saamantula prayojanaalanu rakshinchinanduna eee udaaharananu ashikaga shoganlu anusarinchaaru.
sagam-pannu vidhanam "shugoku" praavinsula prabhuvulugaa ekkuva adhikaram undataaniki daariteesindi mariyu idhi estate bhoomulanu vibhajinchindi, idhi samuray yodhula yaajamaanyamloni bhoomula sankhyanu guninchindi. idhi yodhula aasaktulu prabalamgaa undataaniki daariteesindi, conny goppa aasaktulanu kooda parirakshinchindi. estate vyavasthanu parirakshinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki, sagam pannu charya anedi ippatikee goppavari hakkulanu yodhula hakkulatho anusandhaaninchagalige vidhanam.
ardha-pannu vidhanam yuddha samayamlo sekarinchina sainika ration ("heororiosho") kosam niyaminchabadina atyavasara pannuga praarambhamaindih mino, oomi mariyu ovaaree provinceulalo oka nirdishta aalayam, mandiram mariyu estate bhoomula nundi vachhe aadaayamlo sagam muromachi paalana yokka sainyalaku maddatugaa teesukobadutundi. ippudu sagam bhoomini saasvatamgaa swaadheenam chesukovadam anedi saamantulanu japthu chese uddesyamto kaavadamtho, dheenini marintagaa tirigi ardham chesukuni, takouji marcharu.
balamaina saamanta sambandhaalu.
nanboku-choe vivaadam prarambhamainappudu, pratyarthulapai sainika charya avasaram phalitamgaa shogan mariyu athani saamantula madhya saamanta sambandhaalu balamgaa marai. saapekshamgaa saantiyutamaina kamakura kaalamlo, poura yuddham prarambhamainappudu sainika naipunyaalu antha mukhyamainavi kaavu. sambandhaalanu balopetam cheyalsi vachindi ledhaa ashikaga vamsaaniki vidheyata kaligina abhivruddhi chendutunna "shugo" prabhuvulaku ledhaa pratyarthi saamraajyavaada generals chetha chettagaa sambhaavya yodhudini kolpoye pramaadam undhi. yodhula niyamakam dwara sambhaavya sangharshananu tagginchadaaniki eee saamanta sambandhaalanu upayoginchaaru.
aneka sanghatanalu eee saamanta sambandhaala maarutunna vaataavaranaanni varnistaayi. 1336loe takauji kyushuku tirigi vellina taruvaata akee provincelo ashikaga prayojanaalanu rakshinchinappudu kobayakava kutumbam nammakamaina saamantulugaa maarindi. mori vamsam 1336loe takauji saamantulugaa maarindi, kanno sanghatana praarambhamayye varaku koo moroyasu aadhvaryamlo panichesindi. 1350laloe, mori vaaru takauji (tadayoshi mariyu athani dattata kumarudu tadafuyu) satruvula pakshana unnaaru, 1360la varaku vaaru shogan saamantulugaa tirigi raaledu. rajadhani tirigi swaadheenam chesukovadaniki 1336 vesavilo takauji kawashima vamsam mariyu kyoto sameepamloni itara yodhula kutumbaalato saamantaraajya sambandhaalanu sthaapinchaaru. kawashima sainika sevanu naayakatvam hakkula ("gto shiki") kosam kawashima estatelo sagaaniki paiga marpidi chesukunnadu, migilina sagam adde roopamlo goppa yajamani aadheenamlo unchaaru.
vaarasatvam.
19va sataabdam nundi dakshina saamraajya aasthaana chakravartulanu japan yokka chattabaddhamaina chakravartulugaa pariganistunnaaru. japanese saamraajya saamrajyampai dakshinaadi nyayasthaanam niyantrana, mariyu vaari otami unnappatikee dakshinaadi saamraajya aasthaanaanni chattabaddham chesina kitabatek chikafusa rachana "ginno shotoki" vaari chattabaddhataku dohadapade amsaalu.
eee kaalamlo jarigina sanghatanala parinaamaalu "tenno sika" (chakravarthy vyavastha) gurinchi aadhunika japan yokka sampradaaya drukpathamlo prabhaavavantamgaa konasagutunnayi. rashtra shinto prabhaavamtho, marchi 3,1911 naati saamraajya uttarvu, eee kaalamlooni chattabaddhamaina paalakulu dakshina asthaanamgaa unnaarani sthaapinchindi. rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata, kumajawa hiromichi nundi praarambhamaina natula shreni, dakshina aasthaanaaniki chendinadani paerkontuu, uttara aasthaanaaniki chendina aadhunika saamraajya rekha yokka chattabaddhatanu savaalu chesindi.
marinta chadavandi.
"eee kaalamlo japan charitraloni muromachi kaalam yokka prarambha bhaagam untundi."
< kemmu punaruddharana | japan charitra | sengoku kaalam >

