
borneolo atavee nirmuulana

1960la nundi borneolo atavee nirmuulana paarisraamika sthaayilo jarigindi. indonesia, malaysia mariyu brunai madhya vibhajinchabadina prapanchamlooni moodava atipedda dveepamaina borneo okappudu dattamaina ushnamandala mariyu upaushnamandala varshaaranyaalato kappabadi undedi.
1980luu mariyu 1990laloe, borneo adavulu maanava charitralo apuurvamaina retutho samatulyamayyaayi, kaalchiveyabaddaayi, logg cheyabaddaayi mariyu subhraparachabaddaayi mariyu saadhaaranamgaa vyavasaayamtho bharti cheyabaddaayi. pamail thotala vistaranatoe paatu 2000laloe atavee nirmuulana nemmadigaa konasaagindi. vaarshika prapancha ushnamandala kalapa sekaranalo sagam borneo nundi jarugutundi. thaati noone thotalu praadhamika varshaaranyapu chivari avasheshaalanu vaegamgaa aakramistunnaayi. atavee nirmuulanaloo ekkuva bhaagam chattaviruddham.
prapancha vanyapraanula nidhi borneonu aneka vibhina paryaavarana praantalugaa vibhajistundi, veetilo dveepamlo chaalaa varaku vistarinchi unna borneo lothattu varshaaranyaalu, borneo peat chittadi adavulu, "keramgaalu" ledhaa sundaland heath adavulu, nairuti borneo manchineeti chittadi adavulu mariyu sandaa shelf mada adavulu unnaayi. borneo parvata varshaaranyaalu dveepamlooni madhya ettaina pradaesaalaloo, ettuku paina unnaayi. eee praantaalu antarinchipothunna aneka jaatulaku aavasalanu suuchistaayi; udaaharanaku, orangutanlu, enugulu mariyu antuchikkani gottam yokka sivet vanti arudaina sthaanika vyaadhi. bornian orangutan 2016 nundi teevramgaa antarinchipothunna jaatigaa undhi.
jeevavaividhya parirakshanhalo mariyu carbon sinkga borneo yokka praamukhyatatoo paatu, sthaanika prajala sthaanika samaajaalaku neeti bhadrata mariyu aahara saarvabhoumatvaaniki adavulu praamukhyatanu kaligi unnaayi.
malaysia janmasthalam.
uttaraana unna malaysia rashtraalu sarawak mariyu sabaa (thoorpu malaysia) dveepamlo 26 saatam akraminchayi. malaysia plywood parisramaku bhaarii podalu veyadam valla ikkadi atavee praantam vaegamgaa kunchinchukupoyindi. 1980la praarambhamlo sabaloni sepiloc parisoedhanaa kendram, sandakan yokka iddaru atavee parisoedhakulu vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna naalugu gatti chekkalanu mariyu vittanaala sekarana mariyu nirvahanalo purogatini gurtinchaaru, "akeshia mangium" mariyu "melina arboria", vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna ushnamandala chetlanu gatamlo logg cheyabadina mariyu atavee nirmuulana praantaalalo pradhanamgaa borneo dveepam yokka uttara bhaagamlo pedda bhoobhaagamlo nataru.
malaysia sthaanika prajalu tama puurveekula adavulalo vaari uchita, mundastu mariyu samacharam laeni sammati lekunda kalapatho prabhaavitamayyaaru. vaaru kontha vijayamtho, adavipai tama hakkula gurinchi avagahana penchadaaniki saantiyuta pradarsanalu, soshal media nyaayavaadulu mariyu digbandhanaalanu upayoginchaaru. community sammati lekunda logging licensulu elaa, enduku manjuru cheyabaddaayi anae prasnalu parishkarinchabadaledu.
1997 nundi 1998 varaku jarigina atavee mantala kaaranamgaa varshaaranyaalu kooda baga naasanam cheyabaddaayi, veetini sthaanikulu pantala kosam adavulanu tolaginchadaaniki praarambhinchaaru mariyu aaa kaalamlo anoohyamgaa podi ell nino season dwara konasaaginchaaru. bhaarii agnipramaadam samayamlo, upagraha chitraalalo hotspotlanu chudavachu mariyu tadwara erpadina pogamanchu brunai, malaysia, indonesia mariyu singapur chuttupakkala deshaalanu prabhaavitam chesindi. fibravari 2008loe, malaysia prabhutvam uttara borneo yokka virgine lothattu praantaalanu pantakota kosam punarutpaadaka indhana pranaalika yokka sarawak caridarnu prakatinchindi. marammatu kamishanlu, jalavidyut aanakattalu mariyu itara khanijalu mariyu vanarula tavvakam nepathyamlo marinta atavee nirmuulana mariyu jeevavaividhyam naasanam anchanaa veyabadindi.
indonesia borneo.
dveepamlo sumaru 73 saatam indonesia bhuubhaagam; indonesia niyantrita bhoobhaganni suuchimchadaaniki indonesia paeru kalimantan aanglamlo upayoginchabadutundi.
javalo adhika janabhanu edurkovadaniki, indonesia prabhutvam 1970luu mariyu 1980laloe paedha raitulu mariyu bhoomileni raitulanu borneoloki bhaareega valasa (transmigrassy) praarambhinchindi, bhoomi yokka santanotpatti chetlatho tolaginchabadindi mariyu migilina matti ushnamandala varshaalalo kottukupovadamto takkuva vijayam saadhinchinappatikii, logg cheyabadina praantaalanu saagu cheyadaaniki.
eee bhaarii vari prajectunu 1996loe kalimantan dakshina bhagalalo praarambhinchaaru. indoneshiyaalo perugutunna aahara koratanu tagginche prayatnamlo oka million hectorla "anutpaadaka" mariyu takkuva janabha kaligina peat chittadi adavulanu vari gaddiga marchadam lakshyam. neetipaarudala kaaluvala nirmaanamloo, chetlanu tolaginchadamlo prabhutvam gananeeyamaina pettubadi pettindi. eee project vijayavantam kaaledu, paryaavaranaaniki gananeeyamaina nashtam kaliginchina taruvaata chivariki vadiliveyabadindi.
kaalimaantanku dakshinaana unna peat chittadi adavi asaadhaaranamaina paryaavarana vyavastha, idhi orangutanlu mariyu nemmadigaa perugutunna conny viluvaina chetlu vanti aneka pratyaekamaina ledhaa arudaina jaatulaku nilayam. peat chittadi adavi dwandwa paryaavarana vyavastha, vibhina ushnamandala chetlu 10 nundi 12 meterla peat porapai nilabadi unnaayi-paakshikamgaa ksheeninchina mariyu neetitho nindina mokkala padaartham-idhi saapekshamgaa phaladeekarana mattini kaligi untundi. peat anedi carbon yokka pradhana nilva. vichchinnam chesi, tagalabettinatlayite adhi carbon dye oxide udgaaraalaku dohadam chestundi, idhi global warmingku muulamgaa pariganinchabadutundi.
neeti kaaluvalu, chattabaddhamaina atavee kosam nirminchina roadlu, railvelu eee praantaanni akrama ataveesaastraaniki terichaayi. mrp praantamloo, atavee visteernam 1991loe 64.8% nundi 2000loe 45.7% kii padipoyindi, appati nundi clearance konasagutondi. mrp paridhiloki vachhe praantaala nundi daadaapu anni vikrayinchadagina chetlanu ippudu tolaginchinatlu telustondi.
kaaluvalu peat adavulaku neetipaarudala kakunda vaatini paarudala chestayani telindi. varshakalamlo adavulu tarachugaa 2 meterla lothu varaku varadalu sambhavinchina chota, ippudu vaati uparitalam samvatsaramlo anni samayaallo podigaa untundi. anduvalla prabhutvam mrpni vidichipettindi, conny endabettadam valla pedda ettuna chelarege mantalaku gurayye avakaasam undhi.
paarudala taruvaata, mantalu eee praantaanni naasanam chesaayi, kotta vyavasaayamtho paatu migilina adavulu mariyu vanyapraanulanu naasanam chesaayi, borneo paina mariyu velupala unna gaalini dattamaina poga mariyu pogamanchutho nimpaayi mariyu vaataavaranamloki apaaramaina parimaanamlo carbon dye oxidenu vidudala chesaayi. eee vidhvamsam aaa praanta prajala jeevanopaadhipai pedda pratikuula prabhavanni choopindi. idhi swaasakosha samasyalatho badhapaduthunna ara millionla mandhi prajalalo pedda pogamanchu sambandhita aarogya samasyalanu kaliginchindi.
peat atavee naasanam valla nadulalo sulfuric assid kalushyam erpadutondi. varshakalamlo, eee kaaluvalu nadhi mukhadwaram nundi 150 kilometres varaku nadulloki adhika nishpatti pyritic sulfate thoo aamla neetini vidudala chestunnayi. idhi chepalu pattadam tagginchadaaniki dohadapade amsam kaavacchu.
1998loe mottam indoneshiyaalo kalapa parisramapai samyuktamgaa chesina yuke-indonesia adhyayanam prakaram kalapa utpatti 40 saatam chattaviruddham, dheeni viluva $365 millionlaku paiga undani suuchimchimdi. iteevali anchanaalu, telisina desheeya viniyogam mariyu egumatulato chattabaddhamaina panta kothanu polchithe, desamlo 88 saatam logging edho oka vidhamgaa chattaviruddhamani suuchistunnaayi. indonesia nundi chattaviruddhamgaa logg cheyabadina kalapa utpattulaku malaysia keelaka ravana desham.
logging.
phaladeekarana neelalu, ananukoola vaataavaranam mariyu vyaadhi uniki kaaranamgaa borneolo atavee nirmuulana chaaritraatmakamgaa takkuvagaa undhi. iravayyava sataabdam madhyalo matrame atavee nirmuulana teevramgaa praarambhamaindi. 1970laloe malaysia daani dveepakalpa adavulanu ksheeninchadamto paarisraamika kalapa perugudala, mariyu maajee indonesia balamaina adhyakshudu suharto sainika generallatho raajakeeya sambandhaalanu susthiram cheyadaaniki pedda atavee praantaalanu pampinhee chesaaru. aaa vidhamgaa, 1980laloe logging gananeeyamgaa vistarinchindi, logging roadlu sthiranivaasulu mariyu devalaparlaku maarumuula bhoomulaku pravesaanni andinchaayi.
1980luu mariyu 1990laloe borneolo logging anedi prapancham ippativaraku chusina atyanta teevramaina vaatilo okati, amazonlo hectaruku 23 cubic meterlaku vyatiraekamgaa hectaruku 60-240 cubic meterla kalapanu pandinchadam jarigindi. udaaharanaku, kalimantan loe daadaapu 80 saatam lothattu praantaalu kalapa raayiteelaku vellaayi, veetilo daadaapu anni mada adavulu unnaayi. 1980la chivari natiki, indonesia mariyu malaysia adhika-nippu kaaranamgaa kalapa sankshobham samasyanu edurkontunnayani spashtamaindi. kalapa millula nundi demand malaysia mariyu indonesia rendintiloonuu chaalaa ekkuva logg utpatti.
mantalu.
borneolo chaalaa varaku mantalu bhoomini subhrapariche prayojanaala kosam erpaatu cheyabaddaayi. indonesia prabhutvam chaaritraatmakamgaa chinna taraha sweaded vyavasaayadaarulanu mantalaku nindinchinappatikii, prapancha vanyapraanula nidhi upagraha mapping pedda ettuna bhoomi marpidi kosam vaanijya abhivruddhi-mukhyamgaa ayil paam thotalalo-aprasiddha 1997-1998 mantalaku atipedda ekaika kaaranam anie velladinchindi. vyavasaya praantaalalo mariyu ksheeninchina adavulalo bhoomini shubhraparachadaaniki netikee etaa mantalu vestunnaru. paristhitulu podigaa unnappudu, eee mantalu sulabhamgaa prakkane unna atavee bhoomiki vyaapinchi, adupu tappi mantalu chelaregutaayi. perugutunna mantalu, teevrata eee praantamloo raajakeeya udriktatalaku kaaranamavutunnaayi. porugu deshaalu, mukhyamgaa malaysia mariyu singapur, mantalanu niyantrinchadamlo viphalamainanduku indoneshiyaanu nindistunnaayi. pratigaa, indonesia malaysia samsthalu bhuu-tolagimpu prakriya kosam aneka mantalanu praarambhinchaayani aaropinchindi.
atavee vanarula sthiramaina nirvahana avasaram undhi, mukhyamgaa kalapa kose amsam. conny adhi sakaram kavalante, atavee rakshana mariyu parirakshana indonesia mariyu/ledhaa malaysia chetullo matrame ledani gurtinchaalsina avasaram undhi. migilina varshaaranyaalalo ekkuva bhaagam unna konni atyanta runapadi unna deshaalu eee prapancha praja manchini ontarigaa andinchadaaniki baadhyata vahinchaalani anukovadam asamanjasamainadi. varshaaranyaanni rakshinchadaaniki idhi prapanchavyaapta prayatnam, idhi taruvaata, borneo varshaaranyaaniki sambandhinchi indonesia mariyu malaysia edurkontunna abhivruddhi samasyalanu parishkarinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi.
atavee punaruddharana.
iteevala thoorpu kaalimantanlo atavee nirmuulana project kontha vijayanni namodu chesindi. doctor villie smits sthaapinchina borneo orangutan survival foundation (boses), thoorpu kaalimantaanlo daadaapu 2,000 hectorla atavee nirmuulana ksheeninchina bhoomini konugolu chesindi, idhi yaantrika logging, karuvu mariyu teevramaina mantalatho baadhapadindi mariyu alang-alang gaddi (imperata cylindrica) thoo kappabadi undhi. varshaaranyaanni punaruddharinchadam mariyu punaravasam pondina oraangutaanlaku surakshitamaina aasrayaanni andinchadam, adhe samayamlo sthaanika prajalaku aadaaya vanarunu andinchadam dheeni uddesyam. eee prajectuku 'sambhoja lestari' anae paeru pettaru, idhi "sambhoja shaashwata parirakshana" anie anuvadistundi. vandalaadi swadeshi jaatulanu naatadamtho atavee nirmuulana mariyu punaravasam eee prajectuku pradhana kaaranam. 2006 madhya natiki 740 kante ekkuva vividha rakaala vruksha jaatulu natabaddayi.
lamandou vanyapraanula abhayaaranyamlo, orangutan foundation vaari atavee punaruddharana kaaryakramamlo bhaagamgaa 60,000 mokkalanu nataru. mantalatho debbatinna praantaalanu punaruddharinchadaaniki mariyu punarujjeevimpajeyadaaniki eee mokkalanu nataru.

