
puraatana iberian dveepakalpam yokka kirai sainikulu

kirai jeevitam mukhyamgaa iberian dveepakalpam yokka madhya praantamloo, inupa yugam speyin yokka aacharamgaa namodu cheyabadindi. sthaanika tega nundi bayaluderi, itarulalo seva cheyadaaniki darakhaastu chesukovadam aardhikamgaa venukabadina yuvataku pedarikam nundi tappinchukovadaaniki mariyu vaari poraata naipunhyaalanu upayoginchukune avakaasaanni kanugonadaaniki oka maargam. kristupurvam 5va sataabdam nundi, kirai jeevitam hispanialo nijamaina saamaajika drugvishayamgaa maarindi, suduura praantaala nundi pedda sankhyalo yodhulu carthage, rome, sisily mariyu grease, alaage itara hysponic prajala sainyamlo chaeradaaniki vastaaru.
strabo mariyu thucidides vanti rachayitalu vaatini madhyadhara samudra praantamloo uttama poraata dalaalalo okatigaa padepade varninchaaru, alaage livy prakaram, hannibal sainyamlo atyanta unnata sthaayi vibhagam ("omni vyayamamlo idoris"). rendava punic yuddhamlo aneka yuddhaalalo carthaginian vijayaniki kaaranamani polybius vaatini paerkonnaadu.
nepathyam.
chellimpuku badulugaa oppandaalu ledhaa bandeela dwara yuddhabhoomiki teesukuvacchina videshee saamantula nundi aksharartha kirai sainikulanu vaeru cheyadam puraatana vruttaamtaalaloo tarachugaa kashtam. adevidhamgaa, ataninipu kirai sainikula khachitamaina rujuvunu nirdhaarinchadam saadhaaranamgaa kashtam, endukante iberian dveepakalpam nivaasulanu suuchimchadaaniki upayoginche padaalu tarachugaa aspashtamgaa untaayi, tarachugaa saadhaarana "iberian" nuu teerapraanta iberian tegalanu matrame kakunda, ataninipu itara prajalanu kooda suuchimchadaaniki upayogistaaru. ayithe, prarambha inupa yugamlo hispania kirai paniki goppa vanarugaa abhivruddhi chendindani aadharalu unnaayi. dheeniki kaaranaalu pradhanamgaa aardhikamgaa undevi, endukante sthaanika tega nundi bayaluderi maroka chota seva cheyadam, dhanika vargam anedi aardhikamgaa venukabadina yuvataku vaari sthaanika bhoomulalo pedarikam nundi tappinchukovadaaniki oka maargam, ivi saadhaaranamgaa padunaina aardhika asamaanataku gurayyayi. pradhana udaaharanalu lucitania mariyu celtiberialo kanugonabaddayi, ikkada saagu cheyadagina bhuubhaagaalu kontamandi bhuswamula madhya kendrikrutamai unnaayi, dheenitho kirai jeevitam bandipotlaku ekaika pratyamnaayamgaa migilipoyindi. ayithe, hispanialoni tegala madhya girijana yuddham mariyu yodhula samskruti yokka sudeergha charitranu vaari empikalo maroka karakamga vismarinchalemu. baleric deevula nundi mariyu contabriaku chendina parvata prajalu kooda balamaina kirai sampradaayaanni kaligi unnatlu gurtinchabaddaaru.
ataninipu kirai sainikulu vyaktigatamgaa panicheyaru, conny snehitulu mariyu bandhuvulache erpadina chinna-parimaana unitlalo, vaari swantha naayakulache nirvahinchabadataaru mariyu aayudhalu mariyu vyuuhaalatoe sahaa vaari swantha saamskrutika lakshanaalanu nilupukuntaaru. atanini vidichipettina kirai sainikulu ellappuduu tama deshaalaku tirigi raaledu, mariyu vaarilo kondaru, balerics laaga, vaari seva samayamlo vaaru sampaadinchina dabbunu kharchu cheyadaaniki prasiddhi chendaaru, conny vaaru alaa chesthe, vaari samaajaala yodhula swabhaavaanni batti, vaaru tama deshaprajalalo pratishta mariyu keertini pondutaaru. ayithe, vaari gamyasthanalu ellappuduu videshaalalo undavu, conny turdetania ledhaa bastetania vanti merugaina aardhika sthithitho unna hispanialoni sameepamloni praantaalu matrame. indorts, istolatius mariyu bahusha audics, dietalcus mariyu minurus vanti mukhyamaina dakshina yuddha adhipatulu turdetanianlache niyaminchabaddaaru. ayinappatikee, puraatana kathalo hysponic kirai sainikulu pooshinchina atyanta mukhyamaina paatralu carthage, rome mariyu hellenic deshaala sainyaalalo undevi. niyaamakaaniki mukhyamaina kendraalu gadir, saamrajyaalu, castulo, baria (aadhunika villaricos) mariyu baleric dheevulu. hysponic kirai sainikulu vaari aayudhaala pakkana, vaari drudhatvam, kramasikshana mariyu naipunhyam kosam, mariyu vaari krooratvam kosam takkuva kaadu, itara anagarikula maadirigaane, dveepakalpaalu naramamsa bhakshyam kooda abhyasistaayani videshaalalo nammutaaru.
cree. puu. 5va-4va sataabdaalu.
spanish kirai sainikula modati prastaavana sisilian yuddhaala (460-307 BC) nundi vachindi, akkada vaaru sisileeloo panichestunna carthaginian sainyamlo bhaagamgaa unnaaru. kristupurvam 535 natiki iberianlu carthagenian perol meeda undi undavacchu, sardinialo jarigina poraataala samayamlo, vaari modati gananeeyamaina upaadhi 480loe himera yuddhamlo sambhavinchindi, diodorus mariyu herodotus vaaru gelo mariyu theron yokka greeku dalaalaku vyatiraekamgaa hamilkar I dandayaatralo bhagamani cheppinappudu. sibiraanni rakshinchadaaniki yuddham taruvaata tirigi samuuham chesina ekaika punic hysponics, idhi greeku vaariki bhaarii nashtanni kaliginchindi, theron yokka edurudaadi vaarini tiiraaniki cherukunna naukala kosam paripovalsi vachhe varaku. selenus mariyu himeraalanu swaadheenam chesukovadamlo iberianla dalaalu mallee kanipistaayi, akkada vaaru nagaralaku tudi daadulaku, akragalu, gelaa mariyu camerina yuddhaalaku, alaage syracuse muttadiki naayakatvam vahinchaaru.
ayithe, vaari vijayamtho bahusha prabhaavitamaina greekulu pelopomnesian yuddhamlo thana spaaniklanu niyaminchukovadam praarambhinchaaru, sisileeloo niyamaka pracharam tarvaata kontamandiki pelopomnesian leagku alsibiades teesukuvacchaaru. taruvaati sangharshana kristupurvam 411 naati athenian tirugubaatulo hysponics palgonadanni kooda chusindi, athens yokka kuleenula aadesaala meraku kuleena vargaalaku sahaayapadindi.
cree. puu. 396loe, karteji general himilco moodava sisilian yuddhamlo sisileeni vidichipettina taruvaata thana kirai sainikulandarinee vaari vidhi kosam vidichipettina taruvaata, kirai dveepakalpa dalaalu matrame naasanam cheyabadaledu. diodorus prakaram, vaaru yuddha nirmaanamloo kattubadi, dionysiusnu vyaktigata garduga niyaminchukovadamlo aakattukoni, vaari sevalanu syracuse chese dionysiusnu andinchaaru. taruvaata, 368loe, athani kumarudu dionysius II, korinth muttadilo spartanlaku sahayam cheyadaaniki aaa selts mariyu iberianla brundaanni diban-parton yuddhaaniki pampaadu, vaaru daanini goppa prabhaavamtho chesaaru. vaaru sisileeki tirigi prayaaninchae mundu sision bhoobhaganni kooda swaadheenam chesukunnaru.
cree. puu. 361loe thana apprentices dionysius IInuu plato sandarsinchinappudu, raaju yokka kirai sainikulu vaari chellimpunu tagginchadaaniki chesina prayatnaala kaaranamgaa ayana oka chinna tirugubaatunu chushadu. vaaru tama yuddha peyan japistuu acropolis vaipu kavaatu chesaaru, dionysius II nuu enthagaa bhayapettadu antey athanu longipoyadu mariyu vaaru tirigi pondina daanikante ekkuva icchaadu. himera nadhi 311 yuddhamlo kartejin vaipu baleric slingerlu kooda undevi.
cree. puu. 3va sataabdam.
cree. puu. 274loe, syracuse yokka hairo II marinta tirugubaatlanu nivaarinchadaaniki sisileeloo saampradaaya kirai unikini muginchindi. athanu vaarini centuripa nagaraniki sameepamlo unna cymosorus nadiloe italian marouderlaku vyatiraekamgaa nilabetti, aapai vaarini vaari vidhi meeda vadilivesadu. kirai sainikulaku vyatiraekamgaa asamaanatalanu nilabettadaaniki thana sonta pourula dalaalanu nilipivesi, vaarini oodinchi, naasanam cheyadam chushadu. ayithe, athanu thana manavadu hyronomous sainyamlo sahayakuluga livy paerkonnatlugaa, athanu thana spanish kirai sainikulanu emainappatiki niyaminchukovadam konasaginchi undavacchu.
karteji dveepakalpapu kirai sainikulu 264loe modati punic yuddham varaku sisileeki tirigi raaledu, esaari hanno netrutvamloni sainyamlo. carthage yuddhamlo odipoyinappudu, atanini tirigi chellinchi, discharge cheyadaaniki africaku ravana cheyabadina kirai sainikulalo hispaniclu unnaaru. rome vidhinchina aardhika aankshala kaaranamgaa carthagenianlu tama vaetanaanni chellinchalekapoyinappudu videshee yodhulu akkada carthagenianlaku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu chesaaru. idhi kirai yuddhaaniki daariteesindi mariyu hamilkar barca netrutvamloni nammakamaina karteji dalaalache tirugubaatudaarula naasanaaniki daariteesindi. rendava punic yuddhamlo, ayithe, iberian dveepakalpaalu mallee oka karakamga marai, endukante hispania yuddhaaniki pradhana munduvaipu undhi.
cree. puu. 237loe hamilkar barca hispaniaku vacchina taruvaata, athanu bahula hysponic tegalanu jayinchadamlo mariyu vaari nundi balagalanu pondadamlo vijayam saadhinchaadu, kesunu batti pottulu, chellimpulu mariyu bandeelanu niyaminchaadu. athani kumarudu hannibal thana maranam taruvaata italeeki dandayaatra sainyanni nadipinche pranaalikalatoe thana prayatnaanni konasaginchadu. mundu cheppinatlugaa, eee sandarbhamlo nijamaina kirai sainikulu mariyu nirbandha saamantula madhya thedaanu gurtinchadam mallii kashtam vaari vidhanalu swaadheenam chesukunna praantaala nundi rakapoinappudalla vaaru chellimpu kosam pani chestaarani matrame oohinchavachhu, endukante spashtamgaa hannibal thana spaaniklalo vaari vidheyata yokka roopam mariyu sthaayi dwara matrame vaeru chesaadu. aaa vidhamgaa, 218loe, cartegena nundi bayaludere mundu, athanu 16,000 mandhi bastetani, oretani mariyu oll cade serfsnu 15,200 mandhi african javelin throyarlu badulugaa, vaari sonta bhoomula nundi dhooram kaaranamgaa vaarilo evarikainaa tirugubaatu jaragakunda nirodhinchadaaniki garrison carthage kuu pampaadu. athanu pairineelanu daatadaaniki mundu, atanini vidichipettadaaniki ishtapadani chaalaa mandhi kaarpetiyanlanu kooda vidudala chesaadu. aaa kadalikala paryavasanamga, hannibal thana patla bhakti bandham unnavaarini matrame unchaadu, indulo bahusha kirai sainikulu mariyu atyanta nammakamaina saamantulu untaaru. 8, 000 mariyu 10,000 madhya hysponics, vaari aneka dveepakalpa prajala mottaanni lekkinchi, hannibal thoo itaaliki cherukunnarani anchanaa. vaarilo ekkuva mandhi 202loe kaartejku tirigi vachinappudu inca sajeevamgaa undi, seva chestu undavacchu, idhi vaarini niyaminchukovadaaniki sikshalanu kadilinchina viswasaneeyatanu rujuvu chestundi.
celtiberianlu, lucitanianlu mariyu balericlu kakunda, kirai sainikula vaividhyam mariyu rujuvu nammakamgaa namodu cheyabadaledu, veetini hannibal vaari pratyeka pratibha kosam erpaatu chesi upayogistundi. modatidi bhaarii aswikadalam vale panichesindi, thelikaina, kotlata chese numedian aswikadalam vale kakunda, kaanane vanti yuddhaalalo padaatidalamgaa mundu varusalu kooda appaginchabaddaayi, akkada vaaru rekhanu pattukogala saamarthyam kosam pratyaekamgaa nilabaddaru. lucitanianlu parvata dalaalugaa panichesinatlu perkonabaddaaru, bahusha celtiberianlatho paatu kotlatalu chesevaaru mariyu bhaarii aswikadalam paatranu pooshinchaaru. sumaru 2,000 mandhi gurrapu sainikulatoe kuudina vaari samyukta saktini vaari aneka mariyu prasiddha sankhyaaparamaina homologla meeda utsaahamgaa prasamsimchaaru. chivaraku, 1,000 mariyu 2,000 madhya unna balerics, vidhvamsaka prabhaavamtho satruvu shrenulloki bhaarii shotnu visire saamarthyam unna fiber ledhaa sainyuu slinglatho saayudhamaina, padaatidalamgaa merugga raaninchindi. silius italicus sainyamlo marinta tegala gurinchi matladatadu, veetilo vetoness, gallesianlu (oke betalianlo lucitanianlatho kalipi), contabrianlu, asters mariyu vasconess unnaayi, ayithe rachayitalu atuvanti vaividhyam gurinchi anumanincharu. edemaina, celtiberianlu mariyu lucitanianlu bahusha kirai sainikula pradhana sanghaalu, endukante tisinus yuddhaaniki mundu hannibal yokka spiyal vaarini uddesinchi prasanginchindi.
creepoo 217loe rome thoo oppandam kudurchukunna taruvaata itara celtiberianlu kaartejku vyatiraekamgaa poraadaaru, hasdrubal barca dalaalanu oodinchaaru. naalugu samvatsaraala taruvaata, vaaru rome chetha niyaminchabadina modati kirai sainikulu ayyaru, endukante publius carnelius sipio vaari vidheyatanu konasaaginchadaaniki vaarini niyaminchavalasi vachindi. livy mariyu appian prakaram, athanu 200 mandini italeeki pampinchaadu, hannibal sainyamlo unna vaari deshaprajalanu vidichipettadaaniki prayatninchaadu. eee prayatnam peddagaa vijayam saadhinchaledu, conny vaaripai hannibal nammakanni anagadokkadaaniki idhi sahayapadi undavacchu. pratigaa, sipio yokka kirai sainikulaku lancham ivvadaaniki thana spaanik thegalatho unnatamaina parichayaanni rubal pettubadi pettadu, vaaru roman generalnu suutraala prakaram ataniki vyatiraekamgaa tiragakapoyina vidichipettadaaniki angeekarinchaaru. phalitamgaa sipio mariyu athani sodarudu cree puu 211 loe ilarsi sameepamlo champabaddaru. adhe samvatsaram, 215loe nola yuddham taruvaata marcus claudius marcellusku sankhyaakulu mariyu hysponics vidichipettinappati nundi prerana pondhi, celtiberian commanderlu moericus mariyu beligenous, punic-allead syracusianlanu mosam chesi, marcellus parivaaramlo cheraaru. arpeelo maroka firaayimpu jarigindi, ikkada 1,000 mandhi hispaniclu roman vaipu chaeradaaniki enchukunnaaru, ayinappatikee idhi 5,000 mandhi aafrikanlanu nagaram nundi bayataku teesukuraavadaaniki mariyu hannibal thoo tirigi raavadaaniki oka marpidi ayi undavacchu. avi matrame hysponic kirai sainikula vidheyataku minahaayimpulu anie telustondi. hysponics tama carthaginian yajamaanulanu tama atyunnata commanderluga sambodhistuu, vaari nayakula kosam aatmahatya nirnayamtho poradi maraninchinatlu kanipinche aneka sandarbhaallo, mariyu hasdrubal mariyu hanno odipoyinappudu, vaarini unnata gowravamtho pilicheevaaru. hannibal thana dveepakalpa yodhulanu thana atyanta viluvaina saktulalo okarigaa, daadaapu thana african deshasthula sthaayilo, mariyu mukhyamgaa marinta kharchutho kuudina mariyu kramasikshana laeni gauls mariyu ligurianlatho viruddhamgaa bhaavinchaadu.
creepoo 209loe, celtiberian mariyu contabrian kirai sainikula pedda dalaalanu sameekarinchina taruvaata, hannibaalnu kalavadaniki drubal thana spanianu italeeki vidichipettadu. athani sainyam 207loe matrame vacchi, metarus yuddhamlo kanugonabadi odinchabadindi, ikkada chivari punic dalaalu padipoyina dveepakalpaalalo hosdrubal champabaddadu. kontamandi celtiberianlu tama marganni kattirinchi, hannibal cherukogaligaaru. adhe samvatsaram, generals mago barca mariyu hanno maroka sainyanni sekarinchadaaniki celtiberiaku vellaaru, conny oka kotta roman daadi, esaari sthaanika guidela venuka marcus juuniyas silanus mariyu sipio africanus aadesaala meraku, vaaru kooda bayaludere mundu daanini muginchaaru. idhi roman pakshaaniki kathinamaina nirnayam avutundi, endukante celtiberianla bhoomulalo vaari chorabaatlu vaarini mallee romku vyatiraekamgaa unchutaayi, tadwara vaaru indibilis mariyu mandonius yokka iberian ilerget tirugubaatulo chaerataaru. emainappatiki, mago praanaalatoe bayatapadina 2,000 manditho gadirku paaripoyaadu. ilipa yuddham taruvaata, athanu maroe celtiberian dalaanni sameekarinchadaaniki hanno anae prefectnu kooda pampaadu, conny gwadalkiwar yokka phalitamgaa jarigina yuddham pedda ettuna sthaanika sainyanni nirvahinchadaaniki moodava mariyu chivari prayatnaanni muginchindi. migilina kirai sainikulu, ippudu chivari leviilu taruvaata 12,000 mandhi, mago dwara oka merugaina naukaadalamloo unchabaddaaru, idhi carteginanu tirigi teesukoovadaaniki viphalamaina tarvaata chivaraku italii vaipu prayaaninchindi, conny maargamlo itara 2,000 balericlanu niyaminchakundaa kaadu.
rendava punic yuddhamlo dveepakalpa kirai sainikula chivari goppa moharimpulu carthage yokka praadaesika rakshanalo unnaayi, modata yutika yuddham taruvaata klupta jokyamlo. kontakaalam tarvaata, mago pampina ilerget tirugubaatu nundi 4000 mandhi celtiberianla aadesaanni teesukoni, pedda mydaanaala yuddhamlo sipio netrutvamloni aakramanadaarulaina romanlatho hosdrubal gisco mariyu syphax gharshanaku digaayi. eee encounter celtiberianlu mariyu sipio iddarikee chedugaa undedi, endukante indibilis mariyu mandonius patla vidheyata unnappatikee maajee hispanialo vaariki daya choopinchaadu, kabatti roman general vaarini rendavasari vidichipettadani kirai sainikulaku telusu. tatphalitamgaa, kirai sainikulu yuddhamlo ippatikee nilabadi unna chivari karteji dalamgaa tamanu taamu gurtinchinappudu, vaarilo chaalaa mandhi chivari varaku pooraadataaniki enchukunnaaru mariyu vaari postulalo maraninchaaru. kotta hysponic yodhulanu carthage kuu teesukuraavadaaniki marinni prayatnaalu jarigaayi, conny sagaantainlu carthagenian recruterlanu bandhinchi romku vikrayinchaaru. cree. puu. 202loe, hannibal thana anubhavagnulaina kirai sainikula avasheshaalanu italii nundi teesukuvacchi, africaku tirigi vastundagaa samudramlo maraninchina mago sainikula vaddaku vaarini ekam chesaadu. vaaru jaamaa yuddhamlo mallee sipioni edurkonnaru, chivariki odipoyi, yuddham mugimpuku sakshulayyaru. carthage nashtam punic kirai sampradaayam yokka mugimpunu chusindi, endukante idhi pratyaekamgaa rome vidhinchina paristhitulalo vraayabadindi.
cree. puu. 2 va-1 va sataabdam.
hispania nundi carthage upasamharinchukunnappatiki, kirai jeevitam yokka dveepakalpa aacharam manugada saaginchindi. creepoo 197 mariyu 195 madhya, turdetanianlu iberian tirugubaatu samayamlo 30,000 mandhi celtiberianlanu unnata dalaalugaa niyaminchaaru, creepoo 147loe romanlu tamanu taamu viriathus netrutvamloni lucitanianlaku vyatiraekamgaa pampaaru. juuliyas seasure gallic yuddhaalalo baleric slingerlanu kooda upayoginchevaadu.
1 va-4 va sataabdaalu AD.
saamraajya roman sainyamlo kirai sainikuluga baleric slingerla upaadhi konasaagindi. slings dwara raayi kshipanini visire naipunhyangala telikapati padaatidalam yokka viluva 4 va sataabdam AD chivari natiki gurtinchabadindi, ayinappatikee eee thedhee natiki vaari niyamaka aadharam iberia mariyu baleric deevula velupala nundi vistarinchabadindi.

