
dhilleelo ashokan saasanaalu

dhilleelooni ashoka saasanaalu cree puu 3va sataabdamloo bhaarata upakhandamlo paalinchina mourya chakravarthy ashokudu srushtinchina buddhuni bodhanalapai saasanaala shreni. ashoka saasanaalu unikilo unna raallapai chekkabaddayi ledhaa saamrajyam antataa nirminchina stambhaalapai chekkabaddayi; rendintikee udaaharanalu dhilleelo kanipistaayi.
modati inn-sithu raathi saasanam 1966loe dhilleelo kanugonabadindi, idhi nagaram yokka puraatana chaaritraka sambandhaanni ashokan shakam (273-236 BC) thoo sthaapistundi. dhhillee raathi stambha saasanaalu firoze shaa tuglak (AD) paalanalo meerut mariyu ambaalaaloni vaati asalu pradaesaala nundi ravana cheyabaddaayi. vaatini firoze shaa tuglak sthaapinchina naalugo madhyayuga nagaramaina dhilleelooni feruzabadlo nirminchaaru.
saasanaalu rojuvaaree prasangamlo upayoginche vyaavahaarika bhasha ayina praakrutamlo vrayabaddayi. eee saasanaalu prajalaku nagarika jeevanam yokka naitikata mariyu aadarsaala gurinchi bodhinchadaaniki, vistaaramaina saamraajyaaniki shanti mariyu samarasyanni teesukuraavadaaniki uddesinchabaddaayi. eee tatvasaastram buddhuni bodhanalatho adbhutamaina polikanu kaligi undhi, idhi ghnaanoodayam (prakruti yokka saarvatrika chattam) mariyu prapanchamlooni bhagalu (muulakaala lakshanam) anubhavinchadaaniki daariteestundani athani anucharulu vishwasistaaru.
charitra.
cree. puu. 3va sataabdam varaku, bhaarata upakhandamloni oka pedda praantaanni mourya saamraajya sthaapakudu chandraguptudu mourya (322-298 BC) paripaalinchaadu. ayana ashokudi taata. ashokudi tandri bindusaarudu creepoo 297-272 nundi paalinchaadu. ashokudu, goppa ashokudu anie piluvabade, thana tandri nundi mourya saamraajya palananu swaadheenam chesukunna taruvaata, thana taata praantaanni bhaarata upakhandamloni pedda praantaalapai aadhipatyam kaligi, mariyu thana rajadhani paataleeputratho, beehaarloni prastuta paatnaatho chaalaa pedda saamrajyamgaa vistarinchaadu mariyu ekikrutam chesaadu. ashokudu moodu dasaabdaala paatu paalinchaadu. thana paalanalo, cree puu 261 naati kalinga yuddhamlo vijayam saadhinchina taruvaata, apaaramaina praananashtam kaaranamgaa thana jeevanasaililo naatakeeya maarpu vachindi. ayana saasana saasanaalalo okati ilaa perkondih "150,000 mandhi prajalanu vaari illa nundi balavantamgaa apaharinchaaru, 100,000 mandhi yuddhamlo champabaddaru, inca chaalaa mandhi taruvaata maraninchaaru". eee sanghatana aayanapai teevra prabhavam choopindi. athanu paschattapapaddadu. aaa taruvaata athanu marinta yuddhanni thyajinchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. bouddhamatam yokka naitikata (buddhuni bodhanalu, oka melkonna guruvu, badhanu (ledhaa dukha) antam cheyadaaniki, nirvaanaanni saadhinchadaaniki mariyu baadha mariyu punarjanma yokka chakramgaa bhaavinche daani nundi tappinchukovadaaniki sahaayapadataaniki thana antardrushtulanu panchukunna buddhuni bodhanalu) ataniki vignapti cheyadamtho athanu bouddha matamloki maaradu. athani 13va saasanam sweeya neraropana yokka oka roopamh "hatya cheyabadina, ledhaa hatya cheyabadina ledhaa apaharana cheyabadina prajalalo vanda ledhaa veyyi vanthu matrame ippudu devatala priyamaina devanmpiache teevramaina nashtamgaa pariganinchabadutundi, antey.ii., ashoka ".
thana bhavishyat charyalu puurtigaa aadhyaatmika praatipadikana untaayani, saraina pravartana siddhaantaanni vyaapti cheyadaaniki ankitabhaavamtho untaayani ayana pratigna chesaaru. kalinga yuddham jarigina rendu samvatsaraala taruvaata, bouddha vishwaasamlo praathamika sabhyudiga, 265 rojula paatu, ayana bouddha mataaniki chendina pavitra sthalaala jaateeya teerthayaatranu chepattadu. cree puu 258 loe thana rajadhani paataleeputraku tirigi vacchina taruvaata, oka goppa veduka tarvaata, athanu thana saamrajyam antataa thana missionary pracharanni praarambhinchaadu mariyu dakshina bharatadesam mariyu srilankaku kooda vyaapinchaadu. ashokudi kumarudu mahinder eee missionloo palgonnadu. kristupurvam 257loe, athanu thana saamraajyamloni vividha praantaalalo chekkabadina thana 14 raathi saasanaalalo modati naalugu saasanaalanu pondaadu. padnaalugu raathi saasanaalalo, oka raathi saasanam dhilleelo kanugonabadindi, ayithe puurti roopamlo ledhu.
prapanchamlooni aneka praantaallo raallapai chekkabadina saasanaalu kanugonabadinappatiki, chekkina stambhaala nirmaanam ashokan kaalaaniki pratyekamainadi, itara nirmaanaala nundi puurtigaa swatantramgaa undhi.
saasanaalu.
bouddhamata bodhanalapai vaaru teliyajese sandesaaniki ashoka saasanaalu mukhyamainavi. avi athani saamrajyam antataa aneka bhashalu mariyu lipulalo vrayabaddayi, conny bhaaratadesamlo kanipinche vaatilo chaalaa varaku brahmi lipini upayoginchi praakrutamlo vrayabaddayi. saamrajyam yokka vaayuvya praantamloo sandesaanni vyaapti cheyadaaniki, kharoshti lipilo saasanaalu vrayabaddayi. khandahar mariyu aafghanistaanlalo kooda dwibhasha mariyu dvi-lekhana saasanaalu kanugonabaddayi, ivi greeku mariyu aramic bhaashalalo vrayabaddayi. harappa nagarikata samayamlo gatamlooni thaati aaku ledhaa beradu rachanalatho (padaipoye padaarthaalu) ledhaa prarambha mourya saamraajya saasanaalatoe poliste raallu ledhaa stambhaalapai vraayabadina ashoka saasanaalu pratyekamainavi mariyu saasvatamainavigaa pariganinchabadataayi. 1837 varaku bharatiya puraavastu shaastravetta james princep dwara brahmi lipi ardham kaaledu. ashokudi saasanaalu naitika mariyu mataparamaina abhipraayaalaku sambandhinchi pravartanaa niyamaavalulanu athani vyaktigata sandesaalugaa vyavaharistaayi.
saasanaalu rendu rakaalu inn-sithu raathi saasanaalu mariyu stambha saasanaalu, rendoo dhilleelo kanipistaayi. raathi saasanaalu vaati vayassu aadhaaramgaa "pradhana raathi saasanaalu" mariyu "chinna raathi saasanaalu" anae rendu vargaluga upavibhajana cheyabaddaayi. chinna raathi savaranalu mottamodativi, taruvaata pradhana raathi saasanaalu, aapai stambha saasanaalu untaayi. ashokudi 14 vyaktigata prakatanalatho bharatadesam antataa pradhana raathi saasanaalu kanugonabaddayi. iddarini vaari asalu pradaesaala nundi dhilleeki taralinchaaru.
pradhana saasanaalanu anchanaa vese chinna saasanaalu desamloni vividha praantaalalo 17 pradaesaalaloo kanugonabaddayi. vaatilo padhi "chinna raathi saasanam I" gaa vargeekarinchabaddaayi, ivi ashokuni mataparamaina kattubaatlanu prakatistaayi mariyu eee marganni avalambinchamani prajalanu korutayi. chivari edu saasanaalalo, tallidandrulu, peddalu mariyu upaadhyaayulaku vidheyathatho mariyu gouravamgaa undaalani prajalanu prothsahinche "chinna raathi saasanam II" vargam undhi. chivari edu raathi saasanaalalo dhhillee saasanam (1966loe kanugonabadindi) undhi, idhi chinna raathi saasanam I gaa vargeekarinchabadindi. asea samaajamlo unchabadina oka pratyaekamaina chinna raathi saasanam, kalakatta anedi bouddhulaku edu grandhaalanu chadavamani prothsahinche oka aagna.
isukaraayi meeda chekkabadina aaru praathamika stambha saasanaalu, pradhanamgaa naitika viluvala vyaaptiki sambandhinchinavi; ashokudi dhamma daya, sahanasheelata mariyu thana prajala sankshemam patla shraddha vanti amsaalanu kaligi untundi. raathi saasanaala maadirigaa kakunda, eee saasanaalu vaati bhasha mariyu vachanamlo chaalaa ekareetigaa untaayi, conny dhhillee-topra stambham sudeerghamaina adanapu sandesaanni kaligi undhi. idhi itara stambhaala vishayamunu, alaage kontavaraku pradhana raathi saasanaala vishayamunu kooda tagginchi, punarudghaatistundi.
dhilleelo rock saasanam.
dakshina dhilleelooni bahapur graamaaniki sameepamlo kalkaji aalayaaniki uttaraana oka kilometre dhooramlo unna srinivasapurilo oka chinna raathi pradaesamloe chekkina roopamlo inn-sithu bahapur raathi saasanam () kanugonabadindi. brahmi lipilo vraayabadina "chinna saasanam" gaa vargeekarinchabadina saasanam ashokudi modati vyakti sandesam, idhi bouddha jeevana vidhananni anusarinchamani prajalanu prothsahistundi. idhi oka raathi uparitalampai kramarahita rekhalu mariyu aksharaala parimaanamtho spashtamgaa ardham chesukoleni aneka panktulatoe chekkabadindi. aanglamloki anuvadinchabadina saasanam ilaa undih
nivaasa kaalaneeni nirminchadaaniki aaa pradaesamloe panichestunna oka bhavana contractor vamputirigina raathi mukhampai raathi saasanam silaasaasanaanni kanugonnaru. puraavastu saastravettalu ventane 1966 marchi 26naa dheenini pariseelinchi, jaipur divisionloni barat (dhhillee raathi saasanam daggaragaa untundi) mariyu dhilleelooni rendu stambhaalu vanti bharatadesamloni vividha praantaalalo 13 itara pradaesaalaloo saasanaalatoe saaruupyata unnanduna ashokan kaalaaniki chendina chinna raathi saasanam Iని suuchistunnatlu gurtinchaaru. dhhillee saasanam 14va silaasaasana samskaranagaa namodu cheyabadindi. eee saasanam raathi mukham yokka parimaanam podavu mariyu etthu yokka praantaanni kaligi undhi. prarambha brahmi lipilo praakruta bhaashalo vraayabadina vividha podavula padhi panktulu unnaayi mariyu aksharaala (aksharalu) ekaruupata ledhu.
dhilleelooni bahapur vadda unna raathi saasanaaniki oka vivarana emitante, idhi gangaa delta mariyu bhaarata upakhandamloni vaayuvya bhaagam madhya puraatana vaanijya anusandhanamgaa uttara bharatadesamloni praantiiya-maarumuula vaanijya marganni suuchistumdi. rendava drushyam emitante, idhi prastuta kalkaji aalayaaniki sameepamlo oka raathi odduku diguvana kanugonabadinanduna idhi oka aalaya pradaesaanni suuchistumdi. ippudu kotta kalka mandiram (aalayam) unna kalkajilo, mahabharata kaalaaniki chendina veerulu paandavulu nirminchina aalayam (dhilleelooni aidu devalayalalo okati) paatha pradaesamgaa undani paerkonnaaru.
dhilleelo stambha saasanaalu.
uttara pradaeslooni mirjapur jillaalooni chunar nundi travvina chunar isukaraayi nundi ashokan stambham ledhaa stambha saasanaalannii tayaaru cheyabaddaayi. vaatini kwari vadda kattirinchi, taruvaata desamloni vividha pradaesaalaku ravana chesaaru. vaatini kwari nundi sekarinchina chadarapu mariyu podavaina bhaarii raathi blaakula nundi kattirinchaaru. avi madhya mariyu podavu madhya sagatu vyaasamtho ekasila stambhaluga kattirinchabaddaayi. desamloni vividha pradaesaalaku ravana cheyadaaniki mundu stambhaalanu kattirinchi, dustulu dharinchi, vruttaakaara stambhaluga chakkaga meruguparachi, saasanaalatoe chekkaru. 14va sataabdamloo firoze shaa tuglak vaariche iddarini dhilleeki badilee chesaaru.
rendu stambha saasanaalu ippatikee dhilleelo unnaayi. dhhillee vishwavidyaalaya praamganaaniki sameepamlo unna baaraa hinduu ravu aasupatri pravesha dwaaraaniki edurugaa unna dhhillee parvata shrenilo unna eee sthambhaanni dhhillee-meerut stambham anie pilustaaru. marokati, firoze shaa kotla maidaanamlo, dhhillee-topra stambham anie pilustaaru.
1351 mariyu 1388 madhya madhyakaalamlo dhhillee nundi sultanga paalinchina firoze shaa tuglak, goppa charitrakaarudu, vaastusilpi, aata vaetagaadu, neetipaarudala panulaku sambandhinchina praja viniyogaalanu nirminchadaaniki mariyu pattana pattanaalanu sthaapinchadaaniki lothaina nibaddhatato unnaaru. firoze shaa, thana dandayaatralalo okadaanilo, rendu adbhutamaina ekasilalato mantramugdulanu ayyadu-chekkabadina ashokan stambhaalu, okati ambala sameepamloni topra vadda mariyu marokati meerut sameepamlo, appati varaku ardham kaaledu-mariyu vaatini "totemic alankaaraalu" gaa dhilleelooni thana rajabhavana feruzabad raajabhavanaaniki maarchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. athanu eee pradaesaala nundi stambhaalanu marchi, vaatini dhilleelo nirminchaadu; modatidi thana kotta rajadhanilo mariyu rendodi thana vaeta rajabhavanamaina peer-gaib sameepamlo unna sikharampai. modati stambham 1350laloe kotta nagaramaina feruzabadloni sukravaaram maseedu pakkana nirminchabadindi.).
ashokan stambhaanni kaligi unna bhavanam dwaaram sameepamlo, prati guruvaram madhyahnam oka rakamaina "jinnula thedhee", endukante pedda sankhyalo prajalu akkada tirugutunnarani nammutunna "jinnulu" ledhaa genese (islaamik puurva nammakam anie chebutaaru) nuu saantimpajeyadaaniki ledhaa gowravinchadaaniki eee pradaesaanni sandarsistaaru.
dhhillee-meerut stambham.
dhhillee-meerut stambhaanni () uttara pradaeslooni meerut nundi dhilleeki feruz shaa marcharu mariyu dhhillee uttara sikharamlo, athani vaeta raajabhavanaaniki sameepamlo, chauburji-maseedu mariyu hinduu ravu aasupatri madhya oka pradaesamloe nirminchaaru. idhi daani asalu sthaanam nundi vistrutamgaa pranaalikaabaddhamaina ravana, 42 chakraala bandini upayoginchi yamuna nadhi odduku teesukuvacchi, aapai yamuna nadhi maargam dwara baarjlanu upayoginchi ravana chestundi. ippudu chuusinatlugaa, idhi ettugaa undhi, conny farructiar paalanalo (1713-19) paeluduloe stambham debbatindi. virigina aidu mukkalu modata bengaul, kalakatta asea samaajaaniki marchabaddayi, taruvaata 1866loe tirigi teesukuvacchi 1887loe tirigi nirminchaaru. 17va sataabdam praarambhamlo, charitrakaarudu vilium finch, eee stambham paina "oka globe mariyu sagam chandrudu mariyu daanipai vaividhyamaina saasanam" undani gamaninchaaru.
dhhillee-topra stambham.
haryaanaaloni yamunanagar jillaalooni topra cullon nundi taralinchabadina topra ashokan stambham, firoze shaa kotla vadda rajabhavanam bhavanam paina nirminchabadindi (vedika krinda oka meater thoo) mariyu isukaraayi thoo tayaaru cheyabadindi. idhi dhilleelo unna rendava stambham kante baga puurtayimdi.
1837loe bharatiya puraavastu adhyayanaalalo pramukha panditudu james prinsp ardham chesukunna brahmi lipilooni saasanam, "dharma niyamavali dharmam, saamaajika aikyata mariyu bhakti" vanti itara ashoka stambhaala maadirigaane adhe sandesaanni teliyajestundi, conny oka vyatyaasamtho eee stambhampai pannuku sambandhinchina samasyala gurinchi kooda prastaavana undhi. stambham unna bhavanam sidhilaala raatitoe nirminchina moodu antastula nirmaanam. idhi modati mariyu rendava antastulalo pedda sankhyalo chinna gopura gadulanu kaligi undhi, paikappuku anusandhaaninchabadi undhi. prati antastuloni gadulu vampu pravesha dwaaraalanu kaligi unnaayi, veetini ippudu "poojalu" (aaradhana) kosam upayogistunnatlu perkonabadindi. idhi prati sthaayilo tagginche parimaanamtho kuudina pyramid aakaaramlo unna nirmaanam, bhavanam yokka terrus meeda stambham erpaatu cheyabadindi. vaastavaaniki eee stambhaaniki simham rajadhani (ashoka chihnam maadirigaane) undani, idhi bharatadesa jaateeya chihnam anie oohinchabadindi. firoze shaa stambham paibhaganni nalupu mariyu telupu raatitoe kudyachitraalato alankarinchinatlu chebutaaru, veeti paina bangaaru bangaaru kapputho kappabadi untundi. conny prastutam, stambham yokka mruduvaina palish uparitalam kanipistundi, mariyu oka enugu chekkadam chaalaa taruvaata jodinchabadindi. eee stambham, ashoka saasanamto paatu, "ashoka saasanam krinda mariyu chuttoo" samskrutamlo "nagari" lipilo chekkabadina maroka vachana samitini kaligi undani kooda gamaninchabadindi. eee saasanam ilaa namodu chesindi "1190laloe ghurid vijayala samayamlo dhilleeni ippatikee paalistunna chauhan raajavamsaaniki chendina naalugo visaala dheva vigraharaja vijayalu, mariyu oka mlechhaapai (bahusha" ghajnavid ledhaa garid ") ayana vijayalu. eee anveshanhatho, visaala devudu yuddhaalalo thana vijayaalanu namodu cheyadaaniki eee stambhaanni tirigi upayoginchaadani oohinchabadindi.
ravana paddhatulu.
sultan feruz shaa aadesaala meraku pranaalika cheyabadina bhaarii stambhaalanu dhilleeki ravana cheyadaanni samakaaleena charitrakaarudu shams-ii-siraj namodu chesaaru.
ippudu chedipoyina feruz shaa rajabhavanamlo kattirinchina stambham yamuna nadhi eguva bhaagamlo unna khizarabad nundi dhhillee nundi vachindi. stambham yokka ravana chaalaa demandga undedi, sainikulu (aswikadalam mariyu paadaalu rendoo) daanini dhilleeki ravana cheyadaaniki anni sadhanalu mariyu tacklatho lopaliki ravalsi undedi. pattu patthi chettu nundi pattu patthi, "simal", stambhaanni addamgaa neelapaiki dinche mundu daani chuttoo pedda mottamlo sekarinchabadindi. aaa taruvaata aaa kappunu tolaginchi, daani sthaanamlo stambhaanni rakshinchadaaniki rellu mariyu mudi charmamtho bharti chesaaru. nadhi odduku ravana cheyadaaniki 42 chakraala bandini upayoginchaaru, akkada daanini pedda padavalo ekkinchaaru. kaartnu taralinchadaaniki 8,400 mandhi purushulu, prati chakraniki 200 mandhi avasaram. eee stambham kosam raathi mariyu sunnam gaaretho oka prayojanapoorvakamgaa nirminchina rajabhavana bhavanam nirminchabadindi. pani poortayye mundu stambham diguvana chadarapu bays stone unchabadindi. bhavanam ippudu padubadina sthithilo undhi, conny stambham ippatikee nirminchinatle undhi.

