
trichoderma

trichoderma anedi hypopriaceae kutumbaaniki chendina sileendhraala jaathi, idhi anni neelalaloo untundi, ikkada avi atyanta prabalamgaa unna saagu cheyagala sileendhraalu. eee jaatilooni aneka jaatulanu avakaasavaada pakshula mokkala chihnaluga vargeekarinchavachhu. idhi aneka "trichoderma" jaatulu aneka mokkala jaatulato paraspara endophytic sambandhaalanu yerparachukune saamarthyaanni suuchistumdi. aneka "trichoderma" jaatula "janyuvulu kramabaddheekarinchabaddayi mariyu jgi nundi bahirangamgaa andubaatulo unnaayi.
vargeekarana.
eee jaatini 1794loe christian hendrick parsoon varninchaaru, conny vargeekarananu parishkarinchadam kashtam. chaalaa kaalamgaa, idhi aakupaccha acchunu utpatti cheyadaaniki paeru pettabadina "trichoderma viride" anae oke oka jaatini kaligi unnatlu pariganinchabadindi.
upavibhaagam.
1991loe, bisset eee jaatini aidu vibhagaluga vibhajinchindi, paakshikamgaa refoy varninchina mottam jaatula aadharamgaah
1995 nundi molecular markerla aagamanamtho, bisset yokka pathakam ekkuvagaa nirdhaarinchabadindi, conny "saternisporum" "langibrachiatum" thoo vileenam cheyabadindi. langibrachiatum" mariyu "hypoprianum" monophilaticga kanipinchagaa, "pachibasium" paraphylleticga nirnayinchabadindi, daani jaatulu chaalaa varaku "trichoderma" thoo samuuhamgaa unnaayi. druzina mariyu kubisek (2005) eee jaatini holomorphic anie dhruveekarinchaaru. vaaru 88 jaatulanu gurtinchaaru, veetini rendu pradhana jaatulaku ketayinchavacchani vaaru pradarsinchaaru. tatphalitamgaa, vibhagala adhikaarika vivarana ekkuvagaa aurioviride clade ledhaa gelatinosum clade vanti clades yokka anadhikaarika vivaranalatoe bharti cheyabadindi.
jaatulu.
trichoderma" ekaruupamainadani nammakam 1969loe tommidi jaatulanu gurtinchina refoy rachana varaku konasaagindi.
prastutam "trichoderma" jaatilo 89 aamodinchabadina jaatulu unnaayi. "hypocria" anevi "trichoderma" yokka telemarflu, ivi "hypocria" nuu anamarfluga kaligi untaayi.
lakshanaalu.
samskrutulu saadhaaranamgaa vaegamgaa perugutunnaayi, conny konni jaatula "trichoderma" saadhaaranamgaa perugutaayi. kaalaneelu modata cornmeal dextrose aggar (cmd) vanti madhyamalalo paaradarsakamgaa untaayi ledhaa bangaalaadumpa dextrose aggar (pda) vanti dhanika madhyamalalo telupu rangulo untaayi. mycelium saadhaaranamgaa CMD loe spashtamgaa kanipinchadu, konidia saadhaaranamgaa aakupaccha ledhaa pasupu ledhaa takkuva tarachugaa telupu rangulalo compact ledhaa vadulugaa unde tuftlalo oka vaaramlopu erpadutundi. pasupu varnadravyam aggar loki sravinchavachhu, mukhyamgaa pdapy. konni jaatulu oka vishishtamaina teepi ledhaa 'kobbari' vasananu utpatti chestaayi.
conidiophorelu atyanta saakhalu kaligi untaayi, anduvalla nirvachinchadam ledhaa kolavadam kashtam, vadulugaa ledhaa sanklishtamgaa muduchukunnavi, tarachugaa vibhina kendrikruta valayalalo erpadataayi ledhaa takkuva vaimanika haifa venta pudataayi. conediophores yokka pradhana saakhalu pakka vaipu kommalanu utpatti chestaayi, avi jatha cheyabadavachhu ledhaa kakapovachhu, konaku dhooramgaa unna podavaina kommalu mariyu tarachugaa konaku sameepamlo unna pradhana aksham nundi neerugaa utpannamayye filoidlu. saakhalu tirigi branch cheyavachu, dviteeya saakhalu tarachugaa jatha cheyabadataayi mariyu podavaina dviteeya saakhalu pradhana akshaniki daggaragaa untaayi. anni praadhamika mariyu dviteeya saakhalu pradhana akshaniki sambandhinchi 90° vadda ledhaa sameepamlo talettutaayi. jatacheyabadina kommalatho kuudina vilakshanhamaina "trichoderma" conidiophore oka pyramid amsaanni oohistundi. saadhaaranamgaa conidiophore okati ledhaa konni filoidlalo mugustundi. konni jaatulalo (udhaa.zii., tii. polysporum) pradhana saakhalu podavaina, saralamaina ledhaa saakhalu, kattabadina, nitaruga ledhaa sannaga, septate, sannani godalatho, krimirahitam ledhaa antimamgaa saaravantamaina podavulatho mugustaayi. pradhana aksham filied yokka punaadi vedalputho samanamga undavacchu ledhaa chaalaa vedalpugaa undavacchu.
fialidelu saadhaaranamgaa madhyalo vistarinchabadataayi, conny sthoopaakaaramlo ledhaa daadaapu sub globosga undavacchu. filiedlu, vankaralooni itara sabhyulaku sambandhinchi 90° konamlo, vankaralo pattukovachhu ledhaa avi vividha pencilate (glioclaudium lantivi) kaavacchu. filides vistruta pradhana aksham meeda dattamgaa samuuhamgaa undavacchu (udhaa.zii., tii. polysporum, "t. hamatam "), ledhaa avi ontarigaa undavacchu (udhaa.zii., tii. langibrachiatum ").
konidia saadhaaranamgaa podigaa kanipistundi, conny konni jaatulalo, avi spashtamaina aakupaccha ledhaa pasupu dravam (udhaa.zii., tii. virance, "tii. flavofuscom "). chaalaa jaatula konidia deerghavruttaakaaramlo untaayi, 3-5 x 2-4 micrometers (l/w => 1.3); globose konidia (l/w <1.3) arudu. konidia saadhaaranamgaa mruduvugaa untundi, conny tuberculate nundi chakkaga debbatinna konidia varaku konni jaatulalo telusu. konidia ranguleni nundi aakupaccha rangulo, mruduvaina nundi kathinamaina varaku, mariyu thematho kuudina conidial maas loe, aakaram mariyu parimaanamlo maarutuu, chinnadigaa, saadhaarana jaatulaku 2.8-4.8 mimi untundi. conidiophores padepade kolustaayi, chaalaa sandarbhaallo tudigaa fialides samuuhaalanu kaligi untaayi. 
cinanamorphs konni jaatulache erpadataayi, ivi vilakshanhamaina "trichoderma" pustulesnu kooda kaligi untaayi. cinanamorphs vaati ontari conediophores dwara gurtinchabadataayi, ivi verticillately saakhalu kaligi untaayi mariyu prati filied kona vadda spashtamaina aakupaccha dravam yokka chukkalo konidiyanu kaligi untaayi.
chlamydosporelu anni jaatulache utpatti cheyabadavachhu, conny anni jaatulu 10 rojullo 20 masim vadda CMD loe chlamydosporelanu utpatti cheyavu. chlamydosporelu saadhaaranamgaa ekakana sub globos mariyu chinna hyphenu mugistaayi; avi haifal kanaalalo kooda yerpadavachhu. konni jaatula chlamydosporelu bahula kanaalu (udhaa.zii., tii. stromaticum ").
"trichoderma" janyuvulu 30-40 mb paridhiloo unnatlu kanipistaayi, sumaru 12,000 janyuvulu gurtinchadaginavi.
telemarph.
trichoderma" yokka telemarflu ascomycete jaathi "hypocria" yokka jaatulu. ivi laetha ledhaa muduru godhuma, pasupu ledhaa narinja rangulalo maamsakruttulu, stromata erpadatam dwara vargeekarinchabadataayi. saadhaaranamgaa stroma discoidal nundi pulvinate varaku untundi mariyu parimita sthaayilo untundi, ayithe konni jaatula stromata konnisaarlu vistrutamaina praantaalanu cover chestundi. konni jaatula (podostroma) stromata clavate ledhaa turbinate. perithesia puurtigaa munigipotundi. ascosporelu dvi kanakaramlo untaayi, conny septum vadda 16 paart-ascosporluga abhivruddhi chendadam praarambhamlo vichchinnam avtayi, tadwara ascus 16 ascosporelanu kaligi unnatlu kanipistundi. ascosporelu hyline ledhaa aakupaccha rangulo untaayi mariyu saadhaaranamgaa spinulose. 200 kante ekkuva jaatula "hypopria" varninchabaddaayi, conny konni swachchamaina samskrutilo pandinchabaddaayi mariyu aadhunika paramgaa inca takkuva varninchabaddaayi.
sanghatana.
"trichoderma" jaatulu tarachugaa anni akshaamsaalalo atavee ledhaa vyavasaya neelala nundi verucheyabadataayi. "hypocria" jaatulu tarachugaa beradupai ledhaa decorticated kalapapai kanipistaayi, ayithe aneka jaatulu brocket sileendhraalapai perugutaayi (udhaa.zii. "hetch. pulvinata), exidia ("hetch. sulfuria) ledhaa pakshi goodu sileendhraalu ("hetch. latizonata) ledhaa agarics ("hetch. avellania ").
jeeva niyantrana agent.
mokkala shilindhra vyaadhulaku vyatiraekamgaa jeeva niyantrana agentluga "trichoderma" yokka aneka jaatulu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. vividha vidhanalalo antibiosis, paraannajeevi, atitheya-mokkala nirodhakatanu prerepinchadam unnaayi.
, mariyu pootii. chaalaa varaku jeeva niyantrana agentlu eee jaatiki chendinavi. asperellum, "tii. harjianam, "tii. viride, "mariyu" tii. hamath ". jeeva niyantrana agent saadhaaranamgaa muula uparitalampai daani sahaja aavasalalo perugutundi, anduvalla mukhyamgaa muula vyaadhini prabhaavitam chestundi, conny aakula vyaadhulaku vyatiraekamgaa kooda prabhaavavantamgaa untundi.
vyaadhi yokka kaarana agent.
"tii. aggregativum "(gatamlo" tii. harjianam "biotype 4) anedi saagu cheyabadina button puttagodugula vyaadhi ayina aakupaccha acchuku kaarana karakamga undhi. "trichoderma viride" anedi ullipayala aakupaccha acchu kullipovadaniki kaaranamaina agent. trichoderma viride" yokka jaathi "pinus nigra" molakala diabacku telisina kaaranam.
vishapuurita inti acchulu.
saadhaarana inti acchu, "trichoderma langibrachiatum", saadhaarana proteinlalo kanipinchani amaino aamlaalatoe kuudina chinna vishapuurita peptidelanu utpatti chestundi, alfa-aminoisobutyric aamlam vantivi, trilongines (10 saatam varaku W/W) anie pilustaaru. maanava kanaalaloki shoshana mariyu kana pora antataa potassium mariyu sodiyam ayaanlanu ravana chese keelaka ayan chaanellanu addukune naano-chaanella utpatti kaaranamgaa vaati vishapuuritam. idhi cardiomyocytelu, pneumocytelu mariyu neuronlalo kanipinche vidhamgaa kanaala charya sambhaavya profilenu prabhaavitam chestundi, idhi prasarana lopalaku daariteestundi. trilonjinlu vaedi mariyu antimicrobialsku atyanta nirodhakatanu kaligi untaayi, ivi praathamika nivaarananu matrame nirvahana empikagaa chestaayi.
vaidya upayogaalu.
trichoderma polysporum", "tolypocladium inflatum" mariyu "cylindrocorpon lucidam" sileendhraalu utpatti chese calcinurin inhibitor ayina cyclosporin eah (csa) anedi tiraskarananu nivaarinchadaaniki avayava maarpidilo suchinchabade roganirodhaka saktini tagginche mandhu.
paarisraamika viniyogam.
"trichoderma", vibhina paristhitulalo vruddhi chendadaaniki anuvaina saprophyte kaavadamtho, vistruta shreni enjaimlanu utpatti chestundi. oka nirdishta rakamaina enjaimnu utpatti chese jaatulanu enchukovadam dwara, mariyu vaatini suspensionlo culture cheyadam dwara, paarisraamika parimaanamlo enjaimnu utpatti cheyavachu.

