
khorlugin choibalson

khorlogin choibalson (8 fibravari 1895-26 janavari 1952) oka mangolian raajakeeyavetta, 1939 nundi 1952loe thana maranam varaku mantri mandali (premiere) chairmanga mangolian peeples republic nayakudiga panicheesaaru. 1937 nundi mangolian peeples aarmeeki commander-inn-cheefga kooda panicheesaaru, 1929 nundi 1930 varaku rashtra presidium little khural (rashtra adhipati) kuu chairmanga kooda panicheesaaru. joseph stallin yokka sannihita mitrudu, choibalson 1937 mariyu 1939 madhya mangolia niyantrutvaaniki naayakatvam vahinchi, antargata vyavahaaraala mantritva saakha adhipatigaa padivela mandhi mangolian pourulanu uriteesaaru.
1921 mangolian viplavakaarulalo choibalson okaru, 1920laloe aneka raajakeeya, sainika paatralanu pooshinchaaru. 1930laloe ayana adhikaaramloki ravadam vyaktigatamgaa stallin chetha nirvahinchabadindi, mariyu athani paalana anachiveta sthithi mariyu vyaktitvam yokka aaradhana dwara nirvahinchabadindi. rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata, choibalsan antargata mangoliatho paan-mangolian ekikaranaku maddatu ichinappatikii, soviet union thoo mangolia yokka aardhika, raajakeeya mariyu sainika sambandhaalu marinta gaadamayyaayi. athanu 1952loe mascolo cancertho maraninchaadu, athani anucarudu yumjagin tsedenball naayakatvam vahinchaadu.
prarambha jeevitam.
choibalson 8 fibravari 1895naa prastuta choibalson, dornode provins sameepamlo unna achit baisinlo janminchaadu. athanu khorlu anae paedha avivaahita manda streeki janminchina naluguru pillalalo chinnavadu (khorlugin anae paeru maatrunaamam). athani tandri bahusha barga girijana vyakti, antargata mangoliaku chendina jamsu anie piluvabade dour mangol, conny choibalson thana gurtimpu gurinchi teliyadani paerkonnaadu. puttukathone dugar anie paeru pettabadina ayana, shaan beysian khureeloni sthaanika bouddha mathamloki pravesinchina taruvaata 13 samvatsaraala vayassulo choibalson anae mataparamaina paerunu sweekarinchaaru, akkada athanu lamist sanyasiga sikshana pondaadu. aidu samvatsaraala taruvaata athanu maroe anubhavam laeni vyaktitoe kalisi khuriki (prastuta ulanbatar anie kooda pilustaaru) paaripoyaadu, akkada athanu besi udyogaalu chesaadu. kontavaraku athanu mathaaniki tirigi rakunda nirodhinchadaaniki, nikolay danchinov anae saanubhootigala smasaana guruvu atanni russian consulate yokka russian-mangolian anuvaadakula paatasaalalo cherchukunnadu. oka samvatsaram taruvaata 1914 nundi 1917 varaku rashyaalooni irkutskloni oka vyaayaamasaalalo adhyayanam cheyadaaniki aayananu praja kharchutho pampaaru.
1921 naati mangolian viplavam.
mangolian peeples party erpaatu.
1917 october viplavam taruvaata bogged khaan prabhutvam rashyaalooni choibalson mariyu thoti mangolian vidyaarthulanu tirigi khuriki pilichindi. irkutsk yokka radicalised vidyaarthi janabhalo nivasistunnappudu bolshivijanku guraina choibalsan, bolshevist tatvasaastram dwara bhaareega prabhaavitamaina viplavaatmaka consular hill ledhaa konsulin denz ("konsulin denz") samuuhamloo cheraadu mariyu 1919 taruvaata bayati mangoliapai chaina aakramananu nirodhinchadaaniki sthaapinchabaddaadu. eee samuuhamlooni asalu sabhyulalo dambin chagdarjav mariyu darizavin losol kooda unnaaru. eee samuuhaaniki naayakatvam vahinchina dogsomine bodoo, russian-mangolian anuvaadakula paatasaalalo choibalson yokka maajee upadhyayudu mariyu guruvu. thana seva cheyagala russian thoo, choibalson russian consulatelo parichayaalatho samuuham yokka anuvaadakudigaa panicheesaaru. aaa parichayalu taruvaata konsulin denzenu marinta jaateeyavaada-aadhaarita pratighatana samuuham juun khuri (thoorpu khuri) thoo dalaalalo chaeradaaniki prothsahinchaayi, idhi daani sabhyulalo solin danzon, dansrabilegin dogsum mariyu damdin sukhbaatarlanu lekkinchindi. 1920 juun 25naa, kotta samstha mangolian peeples party (emm. pii. pii) anae paerunu sweekarinchindi. 1924loe bogged khaan maranam mariyu mangolian peeples republic (emm. pii. aarr) adhikaarika prakatana tarvaata party tananu taanu mangolian peeples revolutionary party ledhaa emm. pii. aarr. pii. gaa paeru maarchukundi.
soviet union mariyu modati emm. pii. pii. kaangresnu sampradinchandi.
1920 juun chivaralo, choibalson mariyu danzon irkutsk kosam bayaludaeraaru (taruvaata vaaritho losol, chaggarjav, dogsum, ell. dendev, mariyu sukhbatar-prasiddha "modati edu") soviyatlatho parichayaalanu yerparachukovadaniki mariyu vaari swaatantrya poraatamlo sahayam koradaniki. mangolia dusthiti gurinchi avagahana penchutuu, sainika sikshana pondutuu choibalsan, sukhbatar aneka nelalu irkutsklo kalisi unnaaru. eee kaalamlo sukhbatar kramamga choibalsanku rendava guruvu ayyadu.
eduguru sabhyula brundam soviet russialo tama lobbying prayatnaalanu konasaaginchagaa, bolshevik vyatiraeka russian yuddha nayakudu roman vaan unjern-sternberg netrutvamloni dalaalu thoorpu nundi mangoliapai daadi chesi, fibravari 1921loe khuri nundi aakramita chainees sainika dalaalanu bayataku pampai. ikapai mangolia chaineeyulanu neerugaa edurkovadaanni edurkoledu, soviet chivaraku mangolian viplavakaarula venuka tama maddatunu visiraru. choibalsan mariyu sukhbatar viplavaatmaka karyakalapalanu samanvayam cheyadaaniki mariyu mangolian yodhulanu niyaminchadaaniki troitskosavsk (russian-mangolian sarihaddulo unna aadhunika kyakhta) kuu marchabaddaru. empp maddatudaarulato sampradinchadaaniki, yodhulanu mariyu sukhbatar kutumbaaniki chendina aatma sabhyulanu tirigi troitskosavskuk cherchukovadaniki choibalson rahasyamgaa khuri varaku saahasinchaadu.
1921 marchi 1 nundi 3 varaku troitskosavsklo rahasyamgaa jarigina soviet-vyavastheekruta emm. pii. pii. samavesamlo (taruvaata mangolian peeples revolutionary party modati congressga pariganinchabadindi), choibalson taatkaalika viplavaatmaka prabhutvamlo sabhyudiga ennikayyaaru. athanu "mangol ardin hewsgalt tsereg" (mangolian "mangol ordain husegault sereg"), ledhaa sukbatter netrutvamloni mangolian prajala sainyam yokka raajakeeya kameesar (deputy cheef mariyu cheef propagandist) gaa kooda niyaminchabaddaadu.
ungern-sternberg otami.
koddi rojullone, sukbatar yokka mangolian pakshapaata sainyam (ippudu 400 mandhi purushulu) kyakhta maimaicheng (aadhunika altenbulog) kuu paaripoyina pedda conny nirutsaahapadina chainees dalamnu odinchindi. ummadi mangol mariyu erra sainyam dalaalu mae chivari nundi juun madhya varaku troitskosavsk sameepamlo varusa yuddhaalalo neerugaa unjern dalaalanu edurkonnaayi. choibalson aadhunika arkhangai provinceloni tariot kendramgaa unna mangolian dalaaniki naayakatvam vahinchaadu mariyu peater ephimovich shettinkin netrutvamloni russian dalaalatoe kalisi, aadhunika selenz mariyu tove praavinsula dwara pradhana russian-mangolia purogatiki maddatugaa paschima mangolia kudi rakshana charyalatho poraadaadu. unjern yokka migilina rakshana vibhaagaalato chinna kotlatala taruvaata, ummadi russian-mangol dalam 1921 juulai 6naa etuvanti savaalu lekunda khureeloki pravesinchindi. choibalson unjern sainyam yokka avasheshaalanu vembadinchaadu mariyu 1921 augustu 22naa shetinkin dwara unjern swaadheenam chesukovadamlo chetilo undevaadu.
adhikaaramloki raavacchu.
viplavam taruvaata, choibalson mangolian peeples aarmeeki deputy cheefga konasagaru, adhe samayamlo mangolian revolutionary yooth leag (miril) kuu chairmanga kooda ennikayyaaru. emm. pii. pii vyavasthaapaka sabhyulalo okarigaa gurtimpu pondinappatikee, 1920laloe rendava sthaayi prabhutva padavulanu daati munduku saagadamlo viphalamayyaru. athani mitimeerina madyapaanam, streelingam mariyu himsaatmaka swabhaavam atanni party nayakula nundi dhooram chesaayi mariyu 1930 la praarambhamlo oka samayamlo athanu videsanga mantrigaa nundi saadhaarana museum director paatraku tatkalikamga digajaarchaadu. ayana tarachugaa paarteelooni vamapaksha vargam vaipu moggu chuupinappatikii, aaa sakaaniki chendina soviet, mangolian nivedikalalo ayana gurinchi peddagaa prastaavinchani vidhamgaa ayana mitavaadi anie anumanincharu. choibalson swayamgaa eee kaalaaniki chendina thana sonta prasamgaalalo chaalaa vaatini thana sekarinchina rachanalalo cherchaledu, eee kaalamlo athani paatra pramukhamainadi kaadani suuchistumdi. soviet bhadrata yantraangam sabhyulu soviet kameesar pharr defence clement varoshilov 1920la chivaralo mariyu 1930la praarambhamlo choibalson raajakeeya upayogaanni gamaninchinanta varaku athani kereer avakaasaalu merugupadatam praarambhinchaledu.
bodu yokka prakshaalana.
1921 chivaralo, choibalson yokka miril phut sainikulu mangolian dustula nundi (pedda kappulu, mahilala aabharanaalu, podavati juttu modalainavi) "bhuswamya" aabharanaalanu balavantamgaa narikivese pradhana mantri bodo yokka aadhuneekarana pracharanni nirvahinchaaru.). kopamgaa unna prajala edurudebba bodoo yokka prakshaalanaku mariyu chivariki 1922 augustulo maranasikshaku daariteesindi, ayithe choibalson puurti party sabhyatvam mariyu mangolian sainyam yokka deputy commander padavi rendinti nundi tolaginchabaddaadu. sukhbatar jokyam matrame atanni bodoo vidhi nundi rakshinchindi. 1923loe sukhbatar maranam taruvaata choibalsaannu masco russian military akaadameeki pampaaru, oka samvatsaram taruvaata athanu ulaanbaatarku tirigi vachinappudu, athani paatha guruvu yokka maajee padavini prajala viplava dalaala commander inn cheefga icchaaru. 1924 nundi 1928 varaku rashtra grate hural presidium sabhyudiga mariyu emm. pii. aarr. pii kendra kamitee sabhyudiga kooda ayana padavulu nirvahinchaaru.
saraina avakaasavaadam (1925-28).
1924loe jarigina moodava party congresslo, burjuwa prayojanaalanu parirakshistunnaarani, chaina samsthalatho vyaparamlo nimagnamai unnaadani aaropinchabadina mitavaada party nayakudu danzannu arrestu chesi uriteeyaalani emm. pii. aarr. pii. looni vamapaksha, mitavaada vargaalu pilupunicchinanduna choibalson vamapaksha nayakudu rinchingin elbegdorz pakshana nilabaddadu. danzon maranam taruvaata, tseren-ochirin dumbadose netrutvamloni party mitavaadulu niyantrananu sweekarinchadamtho, taruvaata "saraina avakaasavaadam" (1925-1928) gaa piluvabade kaalamlo, soviet unionlo lenin yokka kotta aardhika vidhananni pratibimbimchae mitavaada vidhaanaalanu prothsahinchadamtho choibalson mariyu rinchino raajakeeya prabhavam taggindi.
vamapaksha kaalam 1928-1932.
joseph stallin edugudala, lenin kotta aardhika vidhanam raddu 1928loe jarigina emm. pii. aarr. pii edava party congress vamapaksha kaalaaniki naandi palukadamtho emm. pii. aarr. loe raajakeeya parinaamaalanu prabhaavitam chesaayi."soviet salahaadaarulu chinna hural (i.ii. naamamaatrapu deshadhinetha) 1929 mariyu 1930laloe, soviet maddatugala vamapaksha vidhaanaala amaluku, marinta vegavantamaina saamuuhikata, bhoomini swaadheenam chesukovadam mariyu bouddha vishwaasaanni himsimchadam vanti vatiki ayana maddatu icchaaru.
1930loe jarigina enimidava party congresslo soviet agentlache mallee prothsahinchabadinappudu, vamapaksha saamyavaada samskaranalanu vegavantam cheyadaaniki choibalson dohadapaddadu, athanu vyaktigatamgaa roopondinchina uttarvulanu pravesapettaadu, ivi bhoomi japthu mariyu balavantamgaa saamuuhika charyalanu teevrataram chesaayi. 1931loe ayana pasuvula mariyu vyavasaya mantrigaa niyamitulayyaaru (1935 varaku ayana aaa padaviloe konasagaru), eee vidhaanaalanu amalu cheyadaaniki aayanaku marinta ekkuva adhikaram icchaaru. saampradaaya pasuvula kaaparulu gaddi mydaanaala nundi balavantamgaa saamuuhika polaalaku balavantamgaa pampabaddaaru, mangolian pasuvulalo moodinta oka vanthu naasanam cheyabaddaayi. prabhuvulu mariyu bouddha mataaniki chendina 800 kii paiga aastulu japthu cheyabaddaayi mariyu 700 mandiki paiga adhika sankhyaaka kutumbaalaku chendina adhipatulanu uriteesaaru. mangolian peeples republicklo stallinist prabhaavamtho, 17,000 mandhi sanyaasulu champabaddaarani adhikaarika ganaamkaalu chuupistunnaayi.
prabhutva dookudu charyalu chivariki 1932loe khovsgol, arkhamgai, ovorkhamgai mariyu javkhan provinceulalo krooramaina saayudha tirugubaatlaku daariteesaayi. pratispandanagaa, masco aardhika kendrikarana prayatnaalanu tatkalikamga tagginchaalani aadesinchindi. commintern agentlu juun 1932loe emm. pii. aarr. pii. kendra kamitee asaadhaarana pleanumlo pravesapettinappudu "vamapaksha vichalanam" yokka "mitimeerina" vidhananni saricheyadaaniki daani kotta malupu vidhaanaaniki balamaina nyayavadiga choibalsanpai aadharapaddaru. taruvaata emm. pii. aarr. charitralu vamapaksha kaalanni vimarsinche mariyu samskaranalanu pratipaadinchina modati vyaktigaa choibalson nuu perkonnaayi, conny ivi kevalam choibalson vyaktitvaanni pempondinchadaaniki uddesinchina kalpitaalu.
luckhembe vyavaharam.
1934 vesavilo, "lakhumbe vyavaharam" loe bhaagamgaa arrestu chesina party sabhyula vichaaranalo choibalson paeru bayatapadindi, idhi oka kalpita kutra, dheenilo emm. pii. aarr. pii. pradhana karyadarshi zambin lakhumbe mariyu itara emm. pii. aarr. pii amsaalu, mukhyamgaa buragat-mangolu, japanese guudachaarulatoe kutra pannarani tappugaa aaropinchabaddaaru. 1931loe japan dalaalu poruguna unna manchuriapai daadi cheyadam valla mangolia mariyu soviet phaar eestloki japan sainika vistaranaku avakaasam undane bhayanni ulanbatar mariyu mascolalo rekettinchindi. eee prakshaalanalo 1,500 mandiki paiga chikkukunnaru mariyu 56 mandiki urisiksha vidhinchaaru. choibalson mascoku pilavabaddadu, akkada atanni arrestu chesi, athani prameyam gurinchi vichaarinchaaru. ayithe, koddi rojullone, thoti mangoliyanlanu prasninchadam mariyu himsimchadamloe athanu enn. keey. vii. dii. kii sahakarinchaadu. thana vidheyathatho santrupti chendina stallin, mangolia pradhana mantri peljidin gendennu choibalsannu upa pradhana mantrigaa niyaminchaalani aadesinchaadu. genden teevramgaa abhyantaram vyaktam chesaadu, conny prayojanam lekapoyindi. genden mariyu stallin madhya sambandhaalu debbatinadamto, mascoku thoo choibalson prabhavam perigindi. 1935loe, thana abhimaanaaniki bahiranga chihnamgaa, stallin thana pratishtanu penchukoovadaaniki mangolian power players madhya pampinhee chesina choibalsan 20 gajla automobilesnu bahumatigaa icchaadu.
goppa bhayam.
genden yokka prakshaalana.
1936loe choibalson mariyu gallegdorgin demid saayudha dalaalaku marshalsga niyaminchabaddaaru, ayithe choibalson kottagaa edigina antargata vyavahaaraala mantritva saakhaku adhipatigaa kooda niyaminchabaddaaru, veerilo 26 saatam mandhi sibbandi enn. keey. vii. dii agentlu. masco aadesaala meraku vyavaharinchina choibalson, desamloni bouddha mataadhikaarulanu tolaginchaalanna stallin demandnu tiraskarinchadam dwara mangol-soviet sambandhaalanu naasanam chesinanduku 1936 maarchilo gendennu tolaginchaadu. genden pradhana mantri mariyu videsanga mantri karyalayala nundi tolaginchabaddaadu, arrestu cheyabaddaadu mariyu mascoku pampabaddaadu, akkada oka samvatsaram taruvaata atanni uriteesaaru. ayana sthaanamlo anand amar pradhani ayyaru. 
taruvaati moodu samvatsaraalalo, antargata vyavahaaraala mantritva saakhalooni soviet maargadarsakulu "goppa ugravaadam" pranaalika mariyu amalu cheyadamlo choibalsanku maarganirdesam chesaaru. bahusha soviet adhikari, chopiac salaha icchina choibalsan, raajakeeya unnathaadhikaarulanu sampradinchakundaa unnata sthaayi raajakeeya nayakulanu nirbandhinchadaaniki veelugaa 1936 maeloe antargata vyavahaaraala kamitee niyamaalanu savarinchaaru. aaa taruvaata ventane 23 mandhi unnata sthaayi lamalanu "prati viplava kendramlo" paalgonnanduku arrestu chesaaru."edaadi podavunaa vichaarana taruvaata, 1937 aktobaru praarambhamlo vaarini bahirangamgaa uriteesaaru. mangolia procurator general lama prosecutionnu nirasinchinappudu, atanni kooda arrestu chesi, aapai kalchi champaru.
marshal demid maranam.
aagashtu 1937loe, 36 yella marshal demid, athani prajaadarananu choibalson eppuduu vyatiraekimchaaru, anumaanaaspada paristhitulalo maraninchaaru, phalitamgaa choibalson mangolian sainyam yokka ekaika commander-inn-cheef mariyu rakshana mantri anae dwandwa paatraku padoonnati pondaadu. marusati roeju choibalson, antargata mantrigaa, mangolia chaalaa mandhi "japanese guudachaarulu mariyu rechchagottevaari prabhaavaaniki gurayyarani" prakatinchina 366va uttarvunu jaarii chesaaru."adhe nelaloo manchurialo japan sainika kadalikalato bhayapadina stallin, mangolia 30,000 erra sainyam dalaalanu nilipenduku aadesinchaadu mariyu soviet deputy enn. keey. vii. dii. kameesar mikhail frinovsky aadhvaryamlo pedda soviet pratinidhi brundaanni ulaanbaatarku pampaadu. soviet unionlo enn. keey. vii. dii. adhipati nikolay yezov aadhvaryamlo athanu chaalaa samarthavantamgaa nirvahinchina himsaatmaka prakshaalanalanu praarambhinchinatlu frinovskeepai abhiyogaalu mopabaddaayi. ippatike antargata mantritva saakhalo ponduparachabadina soviet salahaadaarula dwara pani chestu, sanketha kavarnu andinche ishtapuurvaka choibalsanto, frinovsky teravenuka nundi prakshaalana frameworknu nirminchaadu; arrestu jaabitaalanu roopondinchaadu mariyu anumaanitulanu vichaarinchadaaniki enn. keey. vii. dii shaili trayam (choibalson netrutvamlo) nuu srushtinchaadu.
1937 septembaru 10.
1937 septembaru 10 raatri 65 mandhi unnata sthaayi prabhutva adhikarulu, medhaavulanu arrestu cheyadam, prakshaalanalanu utsaahamgaa praarambhinchadaanni suuchimchimdi. veerandaroo genden-demand kutralo bhaagamgaa japan kosam goodacharyam chesaarani aaropanalu vachayi mariyu chaalaa mandhi teevramaina himsaku gurainatlu angeekarinchaaru. modati pradarsana vichaarana 1937 aktobaru 18 nundi 20 varaku central theatres jarigindi. 14 mandhi ninditulalo padamudu mandiki maranasiksha vidhinchabadindi.
daadaapu 18 nelala paatu konasagina himsalo, choibalson yokka trayam 17,000 mandiki paiga prati viplavaatmaka lamalanu aamodinchi, uriteesindi. uriteeyabadani sanyaasulanu balavantamgaa bahishkarinchagaa, desamloni 746 mataalanu nirmuulinchaaru. viplavaniki satruvulu" anie mudra vesina vaelaadi mandhi asammati medhaavulu, raajakeeya, prabhutva adhikarulu, alaage jaathi samadhulu, kazakhlanu kooda chuttumuttaru, champaru. party, prabhutvamloni unnata padavulaku chendina iravai aiduguru vyaktulanu uriteesaaru, vaarilo 187 mandhi sainika naayakatvam nundi, kendra kamiteelooni 51 mandhi sabhyulalo 36 mandhi. russian namuunaanu anusarinchi, choibalson asammativaadulanu khaidu cheyadaaniki graameena praantaallo gulaaglanu terichaaru. enn. keey. vii. dii. pradarsana vichaaranalanu nirvahinchadam mariyu maranasikshalanu nirvahinchadam dwara prakshaalananu samarthavantamgaa nirvahinchagaa, paatha snehitulu mariyu sahacharulatho sahaa anumaanita prati viplavakaarulanu himsimchadam mariyu prasninchadam samayamlo tarachugaa mattulo unna choibalson konnisaarlu undevaaru. choibalsan rabbaru-stamped enn. keey. vii. dii. amalu aadesaalu mariyu konnisaarlu vyaktigatamgaa maranasikshalanu nirdesistundi. paatha lekkalanu parishkarinchadaaniki ayana enn. keey. vii. dii. arrestu jaabitaalaku raajakeeya satruvula paerlanu kooda jodinchaaru.
mahaa bheebhatsaaniki mugimpu.
ottiditoe badhapaduthunna choibalson aaru nelalu (augustu 1938-janavari 1939) masco mariyu sochiloni voroshilov, yezov mariyu stallinlanu kolukuni sampradinchagaa, enn. keey. vii. dii agentlu mariyu antargata mantritva saakha adhikarulu ulanbatar nundi prakshaalana karyakalapalanu konasaaginchaaru. athanu mangoliaku tirigi vachinappudu, choibalson soviet aadesaalanu anusarinchi, atyanta prajaadarana pondina pradhana mantri amarnu prakshaalana chesaadu. taanu "prabhutva vyatiraeka kutradaarulaku sahayam chesanani, vaari arrestunu vyatirekinchaanani, sarihaddula rakshananu nirlakshyam chesanani choibalson paerkonnaadu. athanu thana sonta deshaaniki droham chesi, viplavaniki desadrohigaa nilichaadu."samanvayamtho prachara pracharam taruvaata, 1939 marchi 7naa amarnu arrestu chesi yuu. ess. ess. aarr. kuu pampaaru, akkada atanni taruvaata soviet trioca vichaarinchi uriteesaaru.
amar tholagimputho, choibalson mangolia yokka niraatanka nayakudiga maaradu, adhe samayamlo pradhana mantri, antargata vyavahaaraala mantri, yuddha mantri mariyu mangolian saayudha dalaala commander inn cheef padavini chepattadu. thana sthaanamlo surakshitamgaa unna choibalson, 1939 eprillo ugravaadaanni antam chesi, taanu ussrlo unnappudu party adhikarulu athi utsaahamgaa chesina prakshaalanalanu ullanghinchaarani, conny nijamaina nerasthula arrestlanu paryaveekshinchaarani prakatinchaaru. prakshaalanalaku adhikaarika ninda antargata vyavahaaraala upa mantri nasantogto mariyu athani maajee soviet nirvahakudu kichikov meeda padindi. taruvaata, luvsansharav, bayasgalan, dastseveg mariyu luvsandorj vanti itara prakshaalana anucharulanu arrestu chesi uriteesaaru. emm. pii. aarr. pii. yokka asalu eduguru vyavasthaapaka sabhyulalo chivari iddaru sajeeva sabhyulu (choibalson thoo paatu) dogsum mariyu losol kooda arrestu cheyabaddaaru. 1941loe dogsumnu uriteesaaru. losol thana kesu vichaaranaku rakamunde soviet jailulo maraninchaadu.
rendava prapancha yuddham (1939-45).
khalkhin goal yuddhalu.
1939 vasantakaalamlo, japan aakramita manchuuriyaatoe mangolia aagneya sarihaddu vembadi vivaadaaspada bhoobhaganni rakshinchadaaniki soviet mariyu mangolian sainikula sankalpaanni pareekshinchadaaniki japan quantung sainika nayakulu vellaaru. moodu yuddhaala samayamlo (mae-september 1939) georgia jukov netrutvamloni bhaarii saayudha soviet sainika dalam, nomonahan graamaaniki sameepamlo japan purogatini nirnayaatmakamgaa odinchindi. soviet mariyu japanese dalaala kosam daadaapu 8,000 mandhi maraninchaaru. edemaina, athani janmasthalaaniki sameepamlo jarigina vijayam, choibalson yokka perugutunna vyaktitva aaraadhananu susthiram cheyadaaniki sahaayapadindi, idhi saamraajyavaada japanese durakramanaku vyatiraekamgaa mangolian swaatantryaaniki balamaina rakshakudiga chithreekarinchabadindi.
soviet unionku maddatu.
1941 juunloo germany yuu. ess. ess. aarr paie dandayaatra chesina taruvaata choibalson soviet unionku thana desham yokka achanchalamaina maddatunu prakatinchaadu, ayinappatikee mangolia germanyki vyatiraekamgaa adhikarikamga yuddham prakatinchaledu mariyu japanku vyatiraekamgaa yuddham prakatinchadaaniki augustu 1945 varaku vechi undindi. 1939 lone, airopalo yuddham jariginappudu soviet unionku mudi padaarthaala vanarugaa mangolia pasuvula janabhanu 200 millionlaku penchadaaniki stallin choibalsaannu munduku tecchaadu. sangharshana antataa, pasuvulu, mudi padaarthaalu, dabbu, aaharam, sainika dustulu, maamsam, gorrela charmam, feeled bootlu, bochu-kappabadina kotlu mariyu aneka soviet sainika vibhaagaalaku nidhulu roopamlo soviet unionku bhouthika maddatunu andinchadaaniki emm. pii. aarr. aardhika vyavastha tirigi kolamanabaddham cheyabadindi. choibalson mariyu emm. pii. aarr. pii. yumjagin tsedenball kottagaa ennikaina secretory general erra sainyam dalaalaku bahumatulu pampinhee cheyadaaniki masco sameepamloni frontku vellaaru. 1944 joolailo erra sainyaniki vastuvula sahayanni andinchadaaniki mangolian prajalanu vyavastheekarinchadamlo chesina adbhutamaina krushiki gaanu stallin choibalsanku arder off lenin nuu pradaanam chesaaru.
antargata parinaamaalu.
yuddhakaalamlo gopyata unnappatikee, choibalson mariyu party nayakulu dhesha aardhika utpattilo ekkuva bhaganni soviyatlaku andistuu, vaaru nirvahinchagalige parimita saamaajika purogatini nokki chepparu. chinna vishayaalalo kooda keelaka vidhana nirnayaalu teesukune mundu choibalson nirantaram masco yokka sammatini korindi mariyu sadhyamainappudalla masco yokka anukuulamgaa undataaniki prayatnaalu chesindi. 1940 marchi nundi april varaku jarigina padava party congresslo, choibalson emm. pii. aarr. pii secretory general basanjavnu prakshaalana chesi, athani sthaanamlo stallin yokka kotta abhimaana, 24 yella aardhika mantri yumjagin tsedenbalnu niyaminchaadu. athanu emm. pii. aarr. pii naayakatvaanni vadulukunnappatiki, mangolian rajakeeyaalalo choibalson pradhana saktigaa konasagadu mariyu 1936 yuu. ess. ess. aarr raajyaamgaaniki anugunamgaa mangolian rajyangam yokka samskaranalanu munduku teesukellaadu, idhi bouddha charchi yokka prabhavam mariyu saktini samarthavantamgaa antam chesindi. 1941 mariyu 1946 madhya desham saampradaaya mangolian lipiki badulugaa syrillic lipini sweekarinchindi. 1942 aktobaru 5naa ulaanbaatarlooni choibalson vishwavidyaalayam ekkuvagaa soviet unionlache aardhika sahayam pondhi, russian bhaashalo bodhinche korsulato praarambhinchabadindi.
yuddham mugimpu mariyu paan-mangolian aakaankshalu.
teevramaina mangolian jaateeyavaadi ayina choibalson mangolian peeples republic aadhvaryamlo mangolulandarini ekam cheyalane aasanu eppuduu vadulukoledu. 1945 varaku athanu thoorpu ginzianglo jaathi tirugubaatunu prothsahinchaadu (stallin maddatutoe), eee praantamloo mariyu bahusha gansu mariyu kinghoy daati emm. pii. aarr prabhavanni balopetam cheyaalani chushadu. japan yokka raboye otamini athanu "goppa mangolia", bayati mariyu antargata mangolianu ekam cheyalane thana deerghakaala kalanu sakaram chesukune avakaasamgaa chushadu, mariyu yuddha samayamlo soviyatlaku mangolia yokka sthiramaina maddatuku bahumatigaa stallin maddatunu athanu puurtigaa aasinchaadu. 1945 augustu 10naa, mangolia soviet union rendu rojula taruvaata japanpai yuddham prakatinchindi mariyu manchurian vyuuhaatmaka daadi operation samayamlo uttara chainaalooni japan balamaina sthaavaraalapai daadi cheyadaaniki rendu sainyalu kalisi vachayi. adhe samayamlo, choibalson patrika maadhyamaala dwara paan-mongolist jaateeyavaadam yokka klupta taramgaanni vidudala chesi, ekikaranaku pilupunicchi, antargata mangolia attadugu sthaayi paan-mongolist udyamaanni prothsahinchaaru. pedda godaku dakshinaana jhangjiakou, chengde mariyu baatu-khalga varaku vellamani mangolian dalaalanu choibalson aadesinchinappudu, kopamgaa unna stallin vaarini tirigi pilavaalani aadesinchaadu. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, idhi swatantra mangolian peeples republic mariyu poruguna unna antargata mangolia gaa ekkuva mangolia yokka shaashwata vibajananu kooda gurtinchindi.
yuddhaanantaram.
aadhunikeekarana prayatnaalu.
yuddham mugiyadamtho, mangolia "socialism punaadula nirmaanam" vidhananni praarambhinchindi."aasti bhavananu nirmoolinchadam avasaram" anie prakatistuu, choibalson matha vyavasaya rangaanni vistaristuunae soviet namuunaa aadhaaramgaa deshaanni aadhuneekarinchaalani chuusaaru. soviet sahayam dwara ekkuvagaa nidhulu samakuurchabadina desham yokka modati panchavarsha pranaalika (1948-1952) aardhika abhivruddhi, moulika sadupayala nirmaanam mariyu dhesha pasuvulanu rettimpu cheyadampai drushti pettindi. vyavasaya, paarisraamika, ravana rangaalanu punaraabhivruddhi cheyadaaniki kooda chorava teesukunnaru. ayana prabhutva hayaamlo aadhunika ganula tavvakam, vidya, aarogya sevalanu meruguparachadam kosam communication rangaalato paatu, naikh boggu gani, vidyut grid, juun bayan petrolium factory, itara loha, khanija karmagaralu, naushk-ulanbatter railway, itara ravana vyavasthalu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. desamloni mottamodati pradhana vishwavidyaalayaanni sthaapinchadamtho paatu, choibalson aksharaasyata retunu penchadaaniki vidhaanaalanu praarambhinchindi mariyu 10 samvatsaraala praathamika, madhya mariyu unnata paatasaala vyavasthanu abhivruddhi chesindi. 1949loe chainaalo communistu vijayam mangolia dakshina sarihaddupai muppunu kaneesam tatkalikamga tolaginchindi, tadwara emm. pii. aarr. thana 80,000 mandhi sainikulanu tagginchukovadam praarambhinchindi. rakshana kharchulu 1948loe mottam budjetlo 33 saatam nundi 1952loe 15 saataaniki padipoyayi.
antarjaateeya gurtimpuni sthaapinchadam.
choibalson soviet uniontho balamaina sambandhaala vidhananni konasaginchinappatiki (1946 fibravarilo athanu 1936 protocol oppandam snehaanni mariyu paraspara sahayanni maroe padeella paatu punaruddharinchaadu mariyu aardhika mariyu saamskrutika sahakaarampai modati dwaipaakshika oppandaanni muginchaadu), ayinappatikee antarjaateeya gurtimpu dwara mangolia swaatantryaanni patishtam cheyavalasina praamukhyatanu athanu ardham chesukunnadu. 1948loe emm. pii. aarr. dprk (uttara korea) thoo, aapai 1949loe peeples republic off chainaatho dautya sambandhaalanu yerparachukundi (mangolia prcni gurtinchina modati desham). 1950loe thoorpu germany, hangari, polland, chekoslovekia vanti thoorpu kootami communistu rashtraalu emm. pii. aarr. thoo adhikaarika sambandhaalanu yerparachukunnayi.
party palananu balopetam cheyadam.
eppuduu 1937-1939 yokka unmaada sthaayiki cherukokapoyina, 1952loe choibalson maranam varaku asammativaadula arrestlu mariyu maranasikshalu konasagayi. 1940,1941 mariyu 1942loe anachivetalu prarambhamayyayi. 1947loe, "port-orther" anie piluvabade raajakeeya kumbhakonam choibalsannu hatya cheyadaaniki kalpita kutra chuttoo punaadi veyabadindi; enabhai mandini arrestu chesaaru, vaarilo 42 mandini uriteesaaru. desavyaaptamgaa perigina viplava vyatiraeka bhavalanu, antargata vyavahaaraala mantritva saakha rahasya pooliisu vibhaagaalanu edurkovadaniki emm. pii. aarr. pii. kendra kamitee prakatanalu jaarii chesindi. emm. pii. aarr. pii. loe sabhyatvam peragadam dwara party vidheyata balopetam cheyabadindi. 1940 nundi 1947 varaku sabhyatvam rettimpu ayi daadaapu 28,000 kuu cherukundi.
stallin thoo bayataku padatam.
thana jeevitamlooni migilina samvatsaraallo, mukhyamgaa 1949loe chaina kamyoonistula vijayam taruvaata, choibalson aikya mangolia aasanu konasaginchadu. stallin ekikaranaku eppatikee maddatu ivvadani spashtamainappudu, athanu thana maajee heero patla marintagaa bhramalu paddadu. 1949 natiki mascolo jarigina stallin 70va puttinaroju vedukalaku haajaru kaavadaaniki choibalson niraakarinchi, athani sthaanamlo tsedenbalnu pampe sthaayiki iruvuru nayakula madhya vyaktigata sambandhaalu ksheeninchaayi. 1950loe tsedenball mariyu itara proteges mangolianu tuwa udaaharananu anusarinchaalani mariyu masco soviet unionlo chaeradaaniki anumatinchaalani korinappudu, choibalsan vaarini teevramgaa mandalinchaadu.
anaaroogyam, maranam mariyu khananam.
1951 chivaralo choibalson moothrapindaala cancerku chikitsa pondadaaniki mascoku vellaaru. konni muulaala prakaram, mangolia anaaroogyaaniki chikitsa cheyadaaniki parikaraalu lekapovadam valla soviyatla pattubattadamtho idhi jarigindi. aayananu oka vaaram paatu railulo aasupatriki teesukellaaru, akkadiki cherukunna ventane 1952 janavari 26naa ayana maraninchaaru. mascolo ayana basaku mundu tanaku, stallinku madhya vibhedaalu talettinanduna, choibalsaannu mgb agentlu champarani tarachugaa anumaanistaaru.
choibalson mrutadehaanni pratyeka railu dwara puurti sainika gowravaalatho mangoliaku tirigi pampaaru, rajadhanilo prabhutva antyakriyalanu nirvahinchaaru, dheeniki mangolian mariyu soviet adhikarulu samanamga hajarayyaru. desavyaaptamgaa aneka rojula santaapaanni prakatinchaaru. athanu modata ulaanbaatarlooni altan ulgi smasaanavaatikalo khananam cheyabaddaadu. 1954 joolailo ayana mrutadehaanni sukhbatar squareku uttaraana unna prabhutva bhavanam mundu sukhbatar kosam kottagaa nirminchina samadhini taralinchaaru, akkada 1990 mangolia prajaasvaamya viplavam taruvaata varaku iddaroo padukunnaru. 2005loe samadhini kuulchiveesaaru, bouddha mataadhikaarula paryaveekshanhaloo iddaru paalakula mrutadehaalanu aacharabaddhamgaa dahanam chesaaru, buudidanu mallee altan ulgi smasaanavaatikalo khananam chesaaru.
vyaktigata jeevitam.
choibalson 1921loe borotologay anae bhaktudaina bouddha kuttu panimanishini vivaham chesukunnadu mariyu athani streetvam unnappatikee 1935 varaku iddaroo vivaham chesukunnaru. 1929loe athanu nati diwa (dhevee) thoo sambandham praarambhinchaadu, aaa taruvaata borotologay 1935loe vidaakulu korukunnadu. taruvaata choibalson bii anae mahilanu vivaham chesukunnadu. gundegma. aayanaku thana bhaaryalalo evarithoonuu pillalu laeru. 1937loe choibalson thana antargata mantritva saakhalo oka adheenam yokka kumarudini dattata teesukunnadu, ayithe aaa baaludu vaastavaaniki choibalson yokka chattaviruddhamaina bidda anie pukaarlu vachayi. taruvaata gundegma sudh anae ammayini dattata teesukunnadu.
vaarasatvam.
aadhunika mangolia choibalson chitram mishramamgaa undhi. ayana maraninchina samayamlo, ayana oka nayakudiga, deshabhaktudigaa, chivaraku mangolian swaatantryam kosam amaraveerudigaa vistrutamgaa santaapam vyaktam chesaaru. athani balamaina vyaktitva aaradhana avasheshaalu, alaage prakshaalana samayamlo choibalson charyalapai velugunivvagala "dii-stalinization" prayatnaalanu addukovadaniki athani varasudu tsendenball chesina vijayavantamaina prayatnaalu, vaari maajee nayakudiki chaalaa mandhi mangolianlu kaligi unna saanukuula gowravaanni patishtam cheyadaaniki sahayapaddayi. 1956 mariyu 1969loe choibalsanpai adhikaarika vimarsalu, "chaalaa mandhi prajalu maraninchadaaniki daariteesina viplavaatmaka chattam yokka mudi ullanghanalaku" atanni nindinchaayi, mariyu emm. pii. aarr. pii. kendra kamitee 1962 nirnayam kooda, krishchev yokka stalinization vyatiraeka vidhaanaalatho lock-steplo, "kha yokka haanikaramaina parinaamaalanu puurtigaa parisamaapti cheyadaaniki nirnayaatmaka charyalu teesukoovadaaniki". jeevitamlooni anni rangaalalo choibalson vyaktitvam yokka aaradhana, "eee amsampai teevramaina praja charchanu srushtinchadamlo viphalamaindi.
kontamandi panditulu mangolianlu prakshaalanalaku choibalsannu nindinchakundaa undataaniki moggu chuupadam anedi vaastavaaniki jariginadaaniki tamanu taamu nirdoshulugaa prakatinchukune prayatnamani suuchimchaaru. prakshaalanala himsapai prajala kopam pradhanamgaa soviet union mariyu enn. keey. vii. dii. paie padutundi, choibalson saanubhootito (dayaneeyamgaa kakapoyina) masco suuchanalanu anusarinchadam ledhaa thana puurveekula genden mariyu amar yokka vidhini teerchadam vanti takkuva empikatho unna tholubommagaa chuusaaru. 
ayithe, 1990loe saamyavaada paalana mugimputho, choibalson palananu tirigi pariseelinchadam jarigindi, kontamandi mangolianlu marinta saadhaarana sandarbhamlo dhesha saamyavaada gatamto ekibhavinchadaniki prayatninchinatlu telustondi. ayinappatikee, mangolia choibalson ippatikee teevramaina aagrahaaniki guri kaaledu. aaa bhavana soviet union kosam ketayinchabadindi. udaaharanaku, prajaasvaamya viplavam jarigina koddikaalaanike 1990loe jaateeya grandhaalayamu mundu nundi stallin vigrahanni tolaginchaaru. marovaipu, choibalson vigraham ippatikee ulaanbaatarlooni jaateeya vishwavidyaalayam mundu undhi, athanu kanugonna samstha mariyu kontakaalam athani paerunu kaligi undhi. antekakunda, dornode aimag rajadhani athani paerunu konasagistondi.
choibalson yokka shaashwata prabhavam vishayaanikosthe, athani dookudugaa russia anukuula vaikhari mariyu soviet unionpy mangolia yokka aardhika, raajakeeya mariyu saamaajika aadharapadataanni penchadamlo athani churukaina paatra deshaanni soviet aadharapadatamgaa maarchindi, idhi aadhunika mangolian gurtimpu mariyu abhivruddhipai shaashwata prabhavanni choopindi. bouddha mataadhikaarulanu, aneka mataalanu ayana naasanam cheyadam valla mangolia goppa saamskrutika vaarasatvaanni kooda dochukundi.
2017loe mangolian byaank khorlogin choibalson naanemnu aavishkarinchindi.

