bangaaru samuuham

cluster chemistrylo bangaaru samuuhaalu anevi bangaaram nundi pondina padaarthaalu, ivi vivikta anuvulu ledhaa pedda colloidal kanaalu kaavacchu. rendu rakalanu oka micrometer kante takkuva vyaasamtho nanoparticlesga varninchaaru. nanocluster anedi konni paraspara charya yantraangam dwara kalisi unchabadina nirdishta sankhyalo anuvulu ledhaa anuvulatho kuudina saamuuhika samuuham. bangaaru nanoclusterlu optoelectronics mariyu utprerakaalalo sambhaavya anuvartanaalanu kaligi untaayi.
nirmaanam.
pedda bangaaram mukham-kendrikruta cubic (eff. sii. sii) nirmaanaanni pradarsistundi. bangaaram kanaala parimaanam taggadamtho bangaaram yokka eff. sii. sii. nirmaanam kendrikruta-icosahedral nirmaanamgaa roopaantaram chendutundi. fCC nirmaanaanni cuboctahedral nirmaanamgaa kanipinchela cheyadaaniki sagam unit sell dwara vistarinchavacchani choopinchavachhu. cuboctahedral nirmaanam cubic-closed pyaak mariyu eff. sii. sii yokka samaruupatanu nirvahistundi. idhi unit selnu marinta sanklishtamaina selga punarnirvachinchinatlu bhaavinchavachchu. cuboctahedron yokka prati anchu paridheeya ou-ou bandhaanni suuchistumdi. cuboctahedron 24 anchulanu kaligi undagaa, icosahedron 30 anchulanu kaligi untundi; bandhaalalo perugudala icosahedron nirmaanam yokka mottam sthirathvaaniki dohadam chestundi kabatti cuboctahedron nundi icosahedronku parivartana anukuulamgaa untundi.
kendrikruta icosahedral cluster pedda bangaaru nanoclusterla nirmaanaaniki aadharam. idhi anuvu-dwara-anuvu perugudalaku mugimpu. maroe maatalo cheppalante, oka bangaaru anuvutho praarambhinchi, prati vijayavantamaina samuuhaanni oka adanapu anuvunu jodinchadam dwara srushtistaaru. icosahedral muulaamsam aneka bangaaru samoohaalalo vertex sharing (mariyu), faces-fusion (mariyu), mariyu interpenetrating biocosahedronlu (,, mariyu) dwara kanipistundi. pedda bangaaru nanoclusterlu tappanisarigaa okadaanikokati anusandhaaninche, ativyaapti chendutunna mariyu/ledhaa chuttupakkala unna icosahedronla shreniki tagginchabadataayi. bangaaru nanoclusterla sphatikeekarana prakriyaloo cluster kendram vaipu perige uparitala bhagala nirmaanam untundi. sambandhita uparitala shakti taggimpu kaaranamgaa cluster oka icosahedral nirmaanaanni oohistundi.
vivikta bangaaru samuuhaalu.
baga nirvachinchabadina, paramaanu samuuhaalu telisinavi, avi vaati bahya bhagalalo sendriya ligandlanu kaligi untaayi. rendu udaaharanalu mariyu. utpreraka anuvartanaala kosam nagna bangaaru samuuhaalanu utpatti cheyadaaniki, ligandlanu tolaginchaali, idhi saadhaaranamgaa adhika-ushnograta (ledhaa ekkuva) calcination prakriya dwara jarugutundi, conny takkuva ushnogratala vadda (krinda) rasaayanikamgaa kooda saadhinchavachchu.zii. peroxide-sahayaka marganni upayoginchadam.
colloidal samuuhaalu.
bangaaru samuuhaalanu colloid roopamlo pondavacchu. ituvanti kollayidlu tarachugaa alconethiols ledhaa proteinla uparitala puuthathoo sambhavistaayi. ituvanti samuuhaalanu immunohystochemical steininglo upayoginchavacchu. bangaaru loha suukshmakanaalu (nps) kanipinche praantamloo teevramaina shoshana dwara vargeekarinchabadataayi, idhi puurtigaa optical parikaraala abhivruddhiki eee jaatula viniyogaanni penchutundi. eee uparitala plasmone pratidhvani (spr) byaand yokka tarangadairghyam suukshmakanaala parimaanam mariyu aakaram alaage chuttupakkala maadhyamtho vaati paraspara charyalapai aadharapadi untundi. eee byaand uniki dayta nilva, ultrafast switching mariyu gyaas sensorla kosam parikaraala kosam building blaxga bangaaru nanopartical yokka viniyogaanni penchutundi. plasmonic bangaaru suukshmakanaalu vidyut kshanaalanu matrame pradarsistundagaa, atuvanti kanaala samuuhaalu ayaskanta kshanaalanu pradarsinchagalavu, ivi optical metamatrialslo upayoginchadaaniki goppa aasaktini kaligistaayi. 
gyaas-faze samuuhaalu.
n" = 16 nundi 18 varaku pakshika suutramtoe bolu bangaaru bonula unikiki aadharalu samarpinchabaddaayi. 550 picometers vyaasamtho eee samuuhaalu lazer aaviri dwara utpatti cheyabadataayi mariyu photoelectron spectroscopy dwara vargeekarinchabadataayi. maas spectrometrini upayoginchi, daani pratyaekamaina tetrahedral nirmaanam nirdhaarinchabadindi.
utprerakam.
uparitalampai amarchinapudu, bangaaru samuuhaalu parisara ushnogratala vadda aakseekarananu utprerakam chestaayi. adevidhamgaa amarchina bangaaru samuuhaalu 40k kante takkuva ushnogratala vadda aakseekarana chendutaayi. utpreraka karyakalapalu bangaaru nanoclusterla nirmaanamtho sambandham kaligi untaayi. bangaaru nanoclusterla parimaanam mariyu nirmaanamtho saktivantamaina mariyu electronic lakshanaala madhya balamaina sambandham.

