
pogaaku mariyu kala

kalalo pogaaku dhumapanam yokka chitranalu kaneesam columbia puurva maaya nagarikataku chendinavi, ikkada dhoomapaanaaniki mataparamaina praamukhyata undhi. 17va sataabdapu dutch swarna yugam yokka chitralekhanamlo eee muulaamsam tarachugaa sambhavinchindi, dheenilo diguva saamaajika vargaaniki chendina prajalu tarachugaa poga gottalanu chuupimchaaru. 18va mariyu 19va sataabdaala european kalalo, prajala saamaajika sthaanam-ekkuvagaa purushulu-dhumapanam vale choopabadindi, conny eee alavaatunu sweekarinchina mahilalaku sambandhinchina kalankam konni kalaakrutulalo pratibimbimchimdi. 20va sataabdapu kala tarachugaa sigaarnu hodaaku chihnamgaa upayoginchindi, pogaaku prakatanala nundi, mukhyamgaa mahilala haasyam chitraalanu upayoginchindi. pogaaku dhumapanam chuttoo aarogya samasyalanu abhivruddhi cheyadam kooda daani kalaatmaka praatinidhyaanni prabhaavitam chesindi.
maaya kala.
kalalo pogaaku dhoomapaanaaniki praatinidhyam vahinchina modati vyaktulu bahusha maayalu. maayalu ekkuvagaa dhumapanam chesevaaru, tama devatalu kooda alaage chestaarani vaaru vishwasinchaaru. mataparamaina acharalalo tarachugaa pogaaku undedih konni devatalaku naivedyaalu arpinchevaaru mariyu pogaaku poga dushta devatala nundi dhooramgaa unchabadedi. aneka tegalu pogaakunu oka atindriya, maantrika padaardhamgaa bhaavinchaayi (bahusha daani balamaina saareeraka mariyu konnisaarlu bhraantula prabhaavaala kaaranamgaa). pogaaku praamukhyata kaaranamgaa, maayalu dhumapanam yokka kalaatmaka praatinidhyaalanu roopondinchadamlo aascharyam ledhu. eee kalaakruti ekkuvagaa devatalu ledhaa prabhuvulatho kuudina mataparamaina acharalu mariyu puraanaalanu chitreekaristundi, endukante saadhaarana prajalu mariyu charyalu chaalaa mukhyamainavi kaavu mariyu samayam teesukune kalakhandalaku anarhamainaviga pariganinchabaddaayi.
dhumapanam yokka aneka chitranalu classic yugam (3va nundi 8va sataabdaalu) nundi chudavachu. devatalu mariyu prajalu yea padaartham dhumapanam chestunnaro khachitamgaa cheppalenappatiki, puraavastu saamagrini adhyayanam chesina taruvaata panditulu saadhaaranamgaa pogaaku padaartham pogaaku anie nirdhaaristaaru. maayalu poga mariyu sigaarlanu vividha margallo chithreekarinchinanduna praatinidhyaalu appudappudu gandaragolamgaa untaayi. poganu nalupu chukkalu, nalupu mariyu erupu chukkalu (erupu rangu spaarklanu suuchistumdi), scrolls converging ledhaa coils converging thoo chithreekarinchavachhu. converging scrolls konnisaarlu aakulu, prasangam, agni, vaasana mariyu itara vishayalanu kooda suuchistaayi. sigaarlu saadhaaranamgaa garaatu aakaaramlo (ledhaa tarch aakaaramlo) untaayi mariyu parimaanamlo chaalaa bhinnamgaa untaayi. sigaretlu (eee sandarbhamlo chinna, sannani sigaarlu) aadhunika sigaretlu (irukaina, podavaina deerghachaturasraalu) ledhaa podavaina andakaralanu pooli untaayi.
kodis.
maayalu tama charitra mariyu samskrutini vivarinche kodeslanu srushtinchaaru, mariyu vaaru "copo" nundi paejeelanu nirminchaaru-beradu meeda mokkala peechu ledhaa sunnamtho jinka charmamu. missionarylu aneka kodislanu naasanam chesinappatiki, migilina kodislalo okadaanilo (codex modrid) dhumapanam yokka chitranalu unnaayi. 79bii, 86bii, 87 mariyu 88 pageelalo devullu sigaretlu taagutaaru. codex modrid loe "dhumapanam" anie ardham vachhe glifflu kooda unnaayi."
raathi smaaraka chihnalu mariyu kudyachitraalu.
palenk (prastuta meksikoolooni maaya nagaram) looni siluva aalayam yokka abhayaaranyamlo "ell fumadar" (spanish bhaashalo "dhumapanam chesevadu") anae smaaraka chihnam undhi. raathi talupu palakalo oka pedda sigar nundi poga ooputuu unna oka vruddha devata undhi. sigar yokka garaatu aakaram (idhi prastutam graameena dakshina america tegalu upayogistunna sigaarlatoe polchabadutundi) mariyu baahyamgaa mantalu veliginche poga kaaranamgaa, eee smaaraka chihnam itara sthaanika american tegalu pradarsinche mataparamaina aacharaanni varnistundani panditulu bhaavistunnaaru. dhumapananni varninche itara raathi smaaraka chihnalu aevee teliyavu, conny marikonni undavacchu.
dhumapananni varninche ekaika maaya painting tulam (prastuta mexicolo eucaton dveepakalpamloni maaya nagaram) vadda kanipistundi. diving devuni aalayamlo kudyachitram undhi, mariyu eee chitralekhanamlo pedda sigaarlu dhumapanam chese rakshasulu (bahusha pakshulu) kanipistaayi.
seramics mariyu itara kalaakrutulu.
pettelu, plaetlu, kundeelapai mariyu ginnelatho sahaa syramic vastuvulapai dhumapanam cheyadaanni kooda mayanlu chitreekarinchaaru. seramics chekkabaddayi ledhaa bahula rangulu (saadhaaranamgaa nalupu, telupu mariyu erupu) chitrinchabaddaayi. dhumapanam kaligi unna mukhyamaina seramicslo dance lard yokka kundii, reynolds kundii (american indian museumlo), dhumapanam chese devuni plate, mahila mariyu kothi (gwatemala jaateeya museumlo), dhumapanam chese kothi yokka kundii, mariyu padakondu devatala ginne, vaatilo aiduguru dhumapanam chestaaru.
dance macray yokka vaase oka jaadi ledhaa sanchi mariyu maroka asthipanjaram mariyu rendu jaagvarlu kooda sanchulu ledhaa jaadi pattukuni unna pogutunna asthipanjaraanni varnistundi. mosukelle vastuvulu pogaaku ledhaa pogaakunu itara padaarthaalatho kalipi unchutaayani nammutaaru. avi cheekati sanketaanni pradarsistaayi, kabatti pogaaku maranaaniki sambandhinchina aachaaraalato mudipadi undavacchu.
chaalaa varaku chitranalu devatalu mariyu prabhuvulanu chuupimchinappatikii, konni kalakhandalu rojuvaaree chitraalanu chuuputaayi. udaaharanaku, dhumapanam chese bhartha yokka plate oka vyakti sigaret taagadam mariyu athani bhaarya vaari inti lopala pindi rolling cheyadam varnistundi.
dhumapananni varninche itara kalakhandalu kooda kanugonabaddayi, veetilo shell chekkadam kooda undhi, idhi ippudu cleveland museum off artlo unchabadindi.
swarna yugamlo dutch kala.
17va sataabdapu dutch republickloni saadhaarana vyakti pogaakunu oka kottadanam gaa chuusaaru mariyu dhumapanam saamaajika vichalanamtho mudipadi undhi. vistrutamgaa aamodinchabadina pogaaku aushadha viniyogam mariyu vinoda upayogam madhya vibhajana undhi, idhi takkuva taragatigaa mariyu charchi mariyu prabhutva naayakulatoe sahaa marinta gouravaneeyamaina pourulaku anuchitamgaa pariganinchabadindi. 1622loe raasina johann neender yokka "tabacologia", pogaaku aneka rakaala vyaadhulaku nivaarana mariyu nivaarana lakshanaalanu kaligi undane prabalamaina nammakanni pradarsistundi. ayithe, naavikulu, sainikulu mariyu graameena paedalaloe dhumapanam yokka praabalyam, daani matthu prabhaavaalato paatu athi takkuva prajalatho anubandhaaniki daariteesindi. aaa vidhamgaa, samaajamlo okari hodaanu suuchimchadaaniki kalaakaarulaku dhumapanam oka saadhanamgaa maarindi, mariyu audrian brouver, osted sodarulu mariyu david tenniers II thoo sahaa chitrakaarulu diguva taragatula vaari chitranalalo dhumapananni upayoginchaaru. mukhyamgaa panduga mariyu burlesk paintinglaloo chitrakaarulaku dhumapanam kooda haasya saadhanamgaa maarindi. evon gaskell (haarvard art museumlalo paintings, shilpam mariyu alankaara kalala curator) "dutch kalalo topsy-turvidome yokka chitraalanu manam gurtinchinatlayite, comic desorder drushyaalalo pogaakunu keelaka amsamgaa kanugontamu" anie vaadinchaaru.
17va sataabdamloo bahusha atyanta prasiddha haasya chitrakaarudaina zaan stein, tarachugaa gottapu dhumapananni kaligi undevaadu, idhi athani vaesyaagruhaalu mariyu sarassula chitraalalo laingika ardhaalanu kaligi undhi. udaaharanaku, oka vyakti pogaakunu gottamlo pyaak chesi, gottalaku vyatiraekamgaa vangi unna gottalu laingika sarasaladatam mariyu sambhogaanni suuchistaayi. veetini tarachugaa haasya prabhavam kosam upayoginchevaaru, mukhyamgaa vaesyaalayaalu mariyu sarassula mattulo unna poeshakula nundi dongalu dongilinche drushtaamtaalalo.
antekakunda, stein paintinglaloo dhumapanam chese mahilalu saamskrutika nibandhanalanu vakreekarinchaaru mariyu aaa kaalamlo purushulu daadaapu pratyaekamgaa dhumapanam chestunnanduna adanapu haasya prabhavanni jodinchaaru. chinna gottalu, mukhyamgaa, atyanta neechamaina mahilalu mariyu kurra vaesyalanu suuchistaayi. 
antekakunda, gottalu, mukhyamgaa oka jatha cross gottalu, alankaarikulanu suuchistaayi-aanandaanni nokki cheppe pandugalanu nirvahinche natulu mariyu kavula sanghaalu. paatha paata paadutunnappudu, yuva gottam (suu dii ouden sangen, suu pizen dii jongen)"-antey yuvata peddavaarini anukarinchadam dwara dhumapanam vanti paelavamaina alavaatlanu enchukuntaarani ardham. chivaraku, dhumapanam "siksha, pedarikam mariyu bicchagaadiki" daariteestundani prekshakulaku punarudghaatinchadaaniki, oka bicchagaadu ooyala pakkana ledhaa kommalanu koradaatho kottadam dwara dhumapanam chesevaarini chithreekarinchadam dwara haasya prabhavam kosam dhumapanam chithrinchinappudu kooda stein tarachugaa dhumapanam yokka pratikuula chikkulanu kaligi untundi.
kotta prapancham nundi airopaku pogaakunu digumati chesukovadamlo aardhika aasaktula kaaranamgaa mariyu desheeya pogaaku vyavasayanni kooda praarambhinchadam valla, amsterdam vyaapaarulu dhumapanam yokka kalankaanni tagginchadaaniki krushi chesaaru. 17va sataabdam chivari natiki, podavaina kaandam mariyu palish chesina gottalanu dhumapanam cheyadam marinta gouravapradamaina magavaariki aamodayogyamgaa maarindi, diguva taragatulu crudder mariyu chinna gottala nundi dhumapanam chesevi. snaff kooda prajaadarana pondindi, mariyu chitraalu mariyu droinglalo dhumapanam mariyu pogaaku yokka chitranalu haasyaparamgaa asambaddhamaina paristhitulu mariyu saamaajika bahishkaranala kante praapanchika mariyu rojuvaaree praatinidhyam vahinchaayi.
18va sataabdam nundi 21va sataabdam varaku.
swarnayugam taruvaata, kalaakrutiloo pogaaku vadakam praamukhyatanu kolpoyindi. dhumapanam yokka praatinidhyaala ksheenata chaalaa varaku rococo vayassu chakkadanam yokka prabhavam kaaranamgaa untundi, idhi snaffnu ishtapade empikagaa chesindi. snaff vadakam periginappatikee, european chitraalalo sigaarlu, sigaretlu mariyu paipula vale snaff chitranalu ennadoo saadhaaranam kaaledu. aaa kaalamlooni nibandhanalaku viruddhamgaa, swarnayugam kalaakrutula nundi prerana pondina french kalakarudu zeane-baptist-simone chardin, appudappudu thana mukkalalo gottalanu chaerchaaru. atuvanti paintingloo okati "smoking kitt vith drinking pott" anae sthiramaina jeevitam."eee mukkalooni gottaniki sanketha ardham ledhu.
18va sataabdam chivaralo mariyu 19va sataabdam praarambhamlo, dhumapanam kotta mariyu vibhina sanketha ardhaalanu santarinchukundi. eee kaalamlo, purushulu pradhanamgaa dhumapanam chesevaaru, aadarsavantamaina tallulu ledhaa umpudugattelugaa bhaavinche mahilalaku dhumapanam aamodayogyamaina alavaatu kaadu. srungaara kaalamlo, dhumapanam medhovaadamtho sannihita sambandhaanni kaligi undani prajalu vishwasinchaaru. edward manet yokka "stephane mallarme" eee samayam nundi kalaku udaaharanagaa nilustundi. eee chitralekhanam oka unnata taragati vyakti chetilo veliginchina sigar thoo mariyu adhe chetini terichina pustakam paina unchi unchinatlu choopistundi. athani kallu aalochanalo lothugaa unnatlu anipinche dhooram vaipu chuustunnaayi. benno tempel (kunst museum, hage director) eee paintingloo dhumapanam satabdaalugaa unnappatikee aadhunika jeevanasailini suuchistumdani vaadinchaaru.
mudraavaadulu sigaarlu, sigaretlu ledhaa gottaalato kuudina rojuvaaree jeevita drushyaalanu chithrinchaaru, conny avi vaatilo sanketha praamukhyatanu ivvaledu. post-impressionists dhumapana vaayidyaalaku sanketha ardhaanni tirigi icchaaru. mandutunna sigaretto purre" anie piluvabade oka mukhyamaina paintingnu vincent vaan goh chesaaru. eee painting dhumapana vyatiraeka heccharikagaa kanipinchinappatikii, idhi vaastavaaniki aaa samayamlo prachuryam pondina nalla haasyam mariyu aacharanaatmaka jokulaku praatinidhyam vahinchindi. edward munch thana "sigaretto sweeya-chitram" chithramtho eee dhoranini praarambhinchaadu. idhi kalakarudu cheekati nepathyamlo sigaret thoo mariyu athani mukham antataa oka vintha roopaanni choopistundi. manasika samasyalanu suuchimchadaaniki poganu upayoginchaaru.
20va sataabdam natiki, sigaretlu, sigaarlu mariyu gottalu annee charitra antataa abhivruddhi chendina vaati swantha nirdishta ardhaalu mariyu ardhaalanu kaligi unnaayi. eee ardhaalanu pradarsinchadam dwara, kalaakaarulu kalaakruti gurinchi puurti avagahananu veekshakudiki teliyajesaaru. udaaharanaku, sigar oka saamaajika hodaaku chihnamgaa maarindi, kalaakaarulu saamaajika taragatulu mariyu adhikara vyatyaasaalanu nokkicheppadaaniki chitraalalo sigaarlanu chaerchaaru. heinrich maria davringhousen yokka "dhi block marketer" loe oka baas thana desk anchuna sigaarlu mariyu veliginchina oka pettetho chithreekarinchabadindi. idhi yajamani mariyu udyogi madhya asamaana saamaajika sambandhaanni pradarsistundi. paablo picaso kooda "kavi" anie piluvabade thana mukkalo paipnu upayoginchaadu. eee painting saahityam mariyu paipu madhya vidadeeyaraani anusandhaanampai aadharapadi untundi, idhi veekshakudiki painting gurinchi merugaina avagahananu andistundi.
pop art.
pop kala perugudalato, kalakhandalu marinta viraktikaramgaa marai. pop art samskruti pogaaku parisrama nundi udbhavinchina klicheelanu lakshyamgaa chesukundi. mell ramos mariyu tomm wesselman iddaru pramukha kalaakaarulu, vaaru parisramalo saradaagaa natinchaaru. americalo pogaakunu kalankaparachina taruvaata, pop art dhumapanampai pratikuula drushtini pettindi. clays oldenberg yokka shilpam "jaint fegends" sigaret vyasanam americanla vyardha viniyogavaadaaniki elaa udaaharanagaa nilustundo varnistundi. dune hanson yokka "suupar market shopper" prastuta americanlu dhumapanam chesevaarini elaa chustaro suuchimchadaaniki oka durbharamaina madhya vayaskuraalaina mahilanu chuupistumdihi vyasanam mariyu sankalpasakti lekapovadam dwara paalinchabadutundi.
aadhunika kala.
aadhunika kala yokka vividha roopaalalo sigaretlu kooda unnaayi. newyork nagaramloni museum off moderan art marchi 2009loe jaak leaner yokka "oopiritittulanu" pradarsinchindi. eee mukkalo 1200 marlboro pyaaklu chakkaga madathapetti, kattabadi unnaayi. moodu samvatsaraalugaa aame teliyakundaane tine anaarogyakaramaina sigaretlanu pradarsinchadam dwara liner thana vyaktigata vyasananni vivaristundi. neenu enduku dhumapanam maaneyaleru" anae maroka udaaharana St vadda pradarsinchabadutundi. luis art museum. eee mukka paibhagamlo painting sheershikato pedda convaspy asampuurnamgaa paint cheyabadina vyaktini chitreekaristundi. idhi sigaretla vyasanaparudaina saktini pradarsistundi endukante kalakarudu taanu cheyalanukune panini puurti cheyadaaniki vyasananni adhigaminchaleduh paint.
dhumapanam, mahilalu mariyu kala.
17va sataabdamloo, mahilalu mariyu gottaalato dutch chitraalu duradrushtaanni suuchistaayi. eee chitraalalo unna mahilalu arudugaa paipu kaligi untaaru, mariyu dutch kalaakaarulu dhumapanam vanti moorkhamaina pravartanalu prajalanu kashtaalloki nedutaayani naitika sandesaanni pampadaaniki uddesinchaaru.
paaschaatya prapanchamlo dhumapanam yokka chitranalu fyaashan nundi bayataku vellinappatikee, 18va sataabdamloo kalaakrutiloo vidaeseeyata mariyu srungaaraanni teliyajese gottalu unnaayi. oka udaaharana zeane-etiyanne leotard yokka "harmaamlo thana sevakudiki soochinche turkish dustulu dharinchina oka french mahila", indulo podavaina gottam unna oka mahila adhikara padaviloe nilabadi undhi.
19va sataabdamloo, kalaakaarulu, vyangya chitrakaarulu, chakkati kummarulu mariyu navala rachayitalu kooda mahilalu dhumapanam chestunnatluga chitreekarinchaaru. dhumapanam chese mahilala chitranalu sarvasaadhaaranam ayinappatikee, dhumapanam ippatikee mahilalaku aamodayogyam kaananduna avi pratikuula konamlo chuupimchabaddaayi. eee samayamlo, dhumapanam chese kalaakrutulanu dhumapana seloonlu, billiards gadulu mariyu grandhaalayaalatho sahaa purushulaku matrame ketaayinchina gadulalo unchaaru. purushulanu streela nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki mariyu vaari vibhina saamaajika hodaanu nokki cheppadaniki mudraavaadulu gottalanu upayoginchaaru. georges serat yokka "eah sandey madhyahnam aann laa grande jatte" loe, tellati suut dharinchina purushudu oka sigar pattukuni untaadu, mariyu rojuvaaree jeevitamlo eee snapshotlo kooda, ataniki mariyu athanitho unna streeki madhya oka avyakta sopanakramam undhi.
vincent vaan goh mariyu henry dii tolouse-latrech kalaakrutiloo kanipinche vidhamgaa eee kaalamlo gottalu, sigaarlu ledhaa sigaretlatho chithreekarinchabadina modati mahilalu vaesyalu. purushulanu aakarshinchadaaniki mahilalu poga mariyu mekapnu (vaari tellati mukhaala nundi chuusinatlugaa) upayoginchaaru. kontamandi kalaakaarulu saamaajika nibandhanalanu maarchaalani mariyu mahilalaku dhumapanam patla kalankaanni tolaginchaalani korukunnaru. frances benzin johnston paarislo chaalaa samvatsaraalu illustrating adhyayanam chesi, taruvaata photographyni kanugonna oka pramukha mahila. sweeya-chitram" anae paerutoe aame raasina vyaasamlo aame oka chetilo sigaret mariyu maroka chetilo biir steyn pattukunnatlu varninchabadindi. eee samayamlo madyam mariyu sigaretlatho sambandham unna chaalaa mandhi mahilala maadirigaa aame rechagotte dustulu dharinchaledu. badulugaa, aame thana jeevitamlooni amsaalanu vaastavikamgaa sangrahistundi mariyu madhyataragati mahilala gurinchi samajam yokka avagahananu klishtataram chestundi. jaine atche etuvanti laingika ardhaalu lekunda dhumapanam chese mahilala rangu lithographlanu vaanijyaparamgaa prachurinchaaru. aame mudrinchina mudralu sigaretlanu ishtapade adhunaatana mahilanu andinchaayi.
frances benzin johnson mariyu jaine achhe vanti kalaakaarula nundi dhumapanam chese mahilala kotta praatinidhyaala phalitamgaa, dhumapanam mahilalaku samajikamga marinta aamodayogyamgaa maarindi. chivariki, dhumapanam mahilalaku oka drugvishayamgaa maarindi. 20va sataabdamloo pogaaku utpattulu vividha ardhaalanu santarinchukunnaayi. garjistunna iravailalo, mahilalu sogasaina mariyu adhunaatanamainavigaa kanipinchataaniki sigaretlu taagaaru. ayinappatikee, diguva taragatulaku chendina mahilalu unnata vargamtho mudipadi unna vastuvulanu kaligi undataaniki uddesinchinavi kaananduna, sigaarlanu pattukunna stree vaesyalatoe chithrinchina chitraalu pratikuula ardhaanni santarinchukunnaayi. eee mukkalu mahilalanu pralobhapette streelugaa choopinchaayi, vaaru purushulanu mosam chesi vaariki sampada mariyu saktini istaaru.
20va sataabdam abhivruddhi chendutunna koddi dhumapanam daani aakarshananu kolpovadam praarambhinchindi, kala eee dhoranini anusarinchindi. prakatanallo mahilala atyanta laingika chitraalanu upayoginchinanduku kalaakaarulu sigaret parisramanu egataali chesaaru. mell ramos sigarlapai nagna mahilalanu chithreekarinche kalaakrutulanu srushtinchaadu. tomm wesselman oka ashtre venuka bahirgatamaina rommunu chithrinchadam dwara laingikata mariyu sigaretla klicheelanu dopidi chesaadu. prastuta kalaakaarulu dhumapananni aarogya pramaadamgaa angeekaristunnaaru, ayithe kondaru dhumapananni dushtatvamgaa maarchadaaniki badulugaa pogaaku gurinchi aadhunika, nishiddha avagaahanato poraadaalanukuntunnaaru. agnitho nipputho poradatam" anae saaraa lucas photo aame noti muulaloe sigaret thoo unnatlu choopistundi. eee oka chitram stree, dhumapanam mariyu kalala madhya sambandham yokka parinaamaanni sangrahistundi. benno tempel prakaram, eee photo "samajam nishedhaalanu srushtinchadaaniki prayatninchinappudu, kala vaatini adhigaminchagaladu" anie choopistundi.

