
vimanayana rangamlo mahilalu

mahilalu vimaana prayaanam kante telikainavi mariyu vimanalu, helicopterlu mariyu antariksha prayaanaalu abhivruddhi cheyabadinappati nundi vimanayanamlo nimagnamai unnaaru. mahilaa pailatlu kooda 
gatamlo dheenini "aviatrics" (ekavachanam "aviatrics") anie pilicheevaaru. mahilalu 1908 nundi saktitoe nadiche vimanalanu eguravestunnaru; ayithe, 1970 kii mundu, chaalaa mandhi praivetugaa panicheyadaaniki ledhaa vimanayana parisramalo sahayaka paatralalo panicheyadaaniki parimitam cheyabaddaaru. apuurvamaina prayaanaalalo ontarigaa prayaaninchadaaniki" mahilalaku vimanayanam kooda anumatinchindi. vividha vimanayana rangaalalo vijayavantamaina mahilalu yuvatulaku maargadarsakulugaa panicheesaaru, vaari vruttiloo vaariki sahayam chesaaru.
saktitoe nadichina modati rendu dasaabdaalalo, mahilaa pailatlu vegam, orpu mariyu ettulo recordulanu baddalu kodutunnaru. vaaru vimaana pootiilaloo purushulatho potipadi, geluchukunnaru, mariyu antarcitica minaha prati khandamloni mahilalu egaradam, vaimanika pradarsanalu, parachute mariyu prayaaneekulanu ravana cheyadam kooda praarambhinchaaru. rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo, prati khandam nundi mahilalu yuddha prayatnaalalo sahayapaddaru mariyu ekkuvagaa sainika vimaanaaniki parimitam ayinappatikee chaalaa mandhi mahilaa pailatlu sahayaka sevalalo prayaaninchaaru. 1950luu mariyu 1960laloe, mahilalu pradhanamgaa vimaana anukarana sikshana, air traaphik controll mariyu vimaana paricharakuluga sahayaka rangaalalo panicheyadaaniki parimitam cheyabaddaaru. 1970la nundi, chaalaa deshaalalo mahilalaku sainika sevalo paalgonadaaniki anumati undhi.
gatha konnellugaa vimanayana rangamlo mahilala bhagaswamyam perigindi. 1929loe tombhai tommidi mandhi mahilaa pailatla kosam erpaatu chesina modati samstha. vaari sabhyulu daadaapu prati mahilaa pailatnu gurtinchadagina vijayalalo chaerchaaru. 1929 jaateeya vaimanika pootiila samayamlo united stateslo modati adhikaarika mahilalaku matrame vimaana pootii tarvaata idhi erpadindi. 117 mandhi pailatla licensulanu kaligi unna vaarilo 99 mandhi mahilalu tombhai tommidi mandhi vyavasthaapaka sabhyuluga maararu, dheeniki sabhyula sankhya paeru pettaru. united stateslo, 1930loe, sumaru 200 mandhi mahilaa pailatlu unnaaru, conny aidellalo 700 mandiki paiga unnaaru. prapanchavyaaptamgaa vimanayana vaaramlo mahilalu 1980 tarvaata, united stateslo mahilaa pailatlaku linga samaanatvam peragadam stabdamgaa undani nivedinchaaru. bhaaratadesamlo vaanijya vimanayana samsthalanu nadipe pailatlalo mahilalu 79.8% gaa unnaaru. prapanchavyaaptamgaa mahilaa vimanayana pailatla saatam 3 saatamgaa undhi. vimanayanamlo mottam mahilaa pailatla sankhya tagginappatikee, saatam alaage undhi.
charitra.
1784loe fraanslooni leone paina egirina vaedi gaali beloonlo prayaaninchina elizabeth thibble, egirina modati mahila. naalugu samvatsaraala taruvaata, zeane labrose beloonlo ontarigaa egirina modati mahilagaa nilichindi mariyu parachute chesina modati mahila kooda ayindi. sophi blanchard 1804loe thana modati beloon vimananni teesukunnadu, 1810 natiki oka professional aeronatga panicheestuu unnadu mariyu 1811loe nepolian air servies cheefga niyaminchabaddaadu. blanchard, 1819loe oka adbhutamaina pramaadamloo maraninchaadu. juun 1903loe, paarislo vihaarayaatraku vellina american mahila aida dii acosta, diresibles maargadarsakuraalu alberto santos-dumontnu thana air shipnu nadapadaniki anumatinchamani oppinchi, motaru cheyabadina vimananni nadipina modati mahilagaa avatarinchindi.
1906 nundi, vimaanaala maroka aavishkarta, emma lilian pilladu thana sonta vimanalanu roopondinchadam praarambhinchindi. pasipillalu vimaanaala roopakalpanaku vellae mundu modata diresibles neerchukoevadam praarambhinchaaru. pasipillala modati vimanam 1910loe egiripoyindi mariyu dheenini didier masson nadipinchaaru. prarambha parachutist ayina oka mahila, georgia "small" broadwick 1908loe 15 samvatsaraala vayassulo barnstarmer charless broadwick thoo kalisi panicheyadam praarambhinchindi. aame 1908loe thana modati jump chesindi, 1913loe, vimanam nundi dookina modati mahilagaa nilichindi. broadwick, 1914loe, united states prabhutvaaniki parachute jumping yokka modati pradarsanalu icchina vyakti kooda. 1922loe aame padavee viramana chesinappudu, aame 1,100 jumps puurti chesindi.
vimaanamlo prayaaninchina modati mahilaa prayaanikudu mle pii. 1908 mae mariyu juun madhya belgiumloni ghent loe jarigina air sholo henry farmanto kalisi aneka chinna vimanalalo prayaaninchina vaan pattlesburg dhee laa poteri. aaa ventane, juulai 1908loe, shilpi therace peltiernu leone delagrange prayaanikudigaa teesukunnadu mariyu konni nelallone italeelooni turinlo ontarigaa 200 meterla dhooramlo unna sarala rekhalo bhoomi nundi rendunnara meterla dhooramlo egurutunnatlu nivedinchabadindi. 1908 octoberulo paarislo wilber raittho prayaanikudigaa prayaaninchina edith berg anae american, paal poret roopondinchina habil scurt nundi prerana pondaadu. 
modati yantra-saktitoe nadiche vimananni rait sodarulu 1903 december 17naa saadhinchaaru. iddaru sodarulu tama paniki catherine rait chesina sahakaranni gurtinchadam mukhyamani bhaavinchaaru. rait yokka egire prayogaalalo sahayapade upaadhyaayulanu aame kanugonnaru. catherine, 1909loe thana sodarulato kalisi vimaanamlo prayaaninchanappatikii, "vaari yantraala paniteeru gurinchi pratidee telusu". catherine vaariki aardhikamgaa maddatu ichindi, aameku thana podupunu ichindi mariyu vaariki bhavodvegaparamga kooda maddatu ichindi. 1908loe arville rait gayapadinappudu, catherine atanni chusukovadaniki aasupatriki daggaragaa vellaaru. taruvaata, rait sodarulu 1906loe tama vimaanaalaku patent pondina taruvaata, aame vaari karyanirvahaka kaaryadarsigaa panicheesaaru. 1909loe, aame thana sodarulaku saamaajika nirvahakuraaligaa maaradaaniki airopa vellindi. aame sodarulu chaalaa antarmukhulu mariyu vaari panini prothsahinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki catherinepy aadharapaddaru. catherine nuu "dhi varald magazine" rait sodarula "nissabda bhagaswamy" gaa pariganinchindi. seyint luis post-dispatch" aamenu "vaari prayogaalalo aame sodarula prerana" anie pilicharu. 
1910luu.
prarambha maargadarsakulalo marchi 8,1910naa prapanchamlooni mottamodati licenses pondina mahilaa pilate ayina french remonde dii laroche unnaaru. maroe eduguru french mahilalu aamenu anusarinchaaru, marusati samvatsaramlo pilate licensulanu sampaadinchaaru. veerilo okaru, maerii marving, vimaanaalaku licenses pondina 3va french mahila, conny 1901loe licenses pondina modati french mahilaa belunist, germanypai bambu daadulanu puurti chesi yuddhamlo prayaaninchina modati mahila ayyaru. yuddhaaniki mundu air ambulenslanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki marving prabhutvam prayatninchindi mariyu prapanchamlone mottamodati dhruveekarinchabadina flight narsu ayindi. 1910loe thana desamlo jaarii chesina 27va licensenu mariyu airopalo licenses pondina rendava mahilagaa helen dutrieu belgiumlo modati mahilaa pilate ayyaru. adhe samvatsaram taruvaata, aame prayaaneekulatoo prayaaninchina modati mahilagaa nilichindi. 1910loe, aame thana pilate licenses pondadaaniki mundhe, uttara irelandlo nivasistunna british mahila ayina lilian, belfastlo glydernu roopondinchi, eguravesindi.
blanche scott ellappuduu vimananni eguravesina modati american mahila anie cheppukunnaru, conny 1910 septembarulo gaali veechinappudu aame kuurchunnappudu, aame thana chinna vimaanamlo prayaaninchinappudu, "pramaadavasaattu" vimanam gurtinchabadaledu. rendu samvatsaraalalo, aame tananu taanu saahasopetamaina pailetga sthaapinchukundi mariyu air sholu mariyu pradarsanalatoe paatu flying circuslalo potipadi, "tamboy off dhi air" gaa prasiddhi chendindi. 1910 aktobaru 13naa, besika raiche newyork aeronatical society nundi bangaaru patakaanni andukundi, aamenu ontarigaa prayaaninchina modati american mahilagaa gurtinchindi. aagashtu 1,1911naa harriet quimby america yokka modati licenses pondina mahilaa pilate ayyaru, mariyu marusati samvatsaram vimaanamlo inglish chaanelnu daatina modati mahila ayyaru. padamudu rojula taruvaata, aame snehituraalu matilde ii. french kenadian santatiki chendina american ayina moisant licenses pondhi air sholalo egaradam praarambhinchaadu. 
oka paksham rojullo, lydia zvereva modati mahilaa russian licensenu pondindi mariyu 1914 natiki aame oka mahila tayaaru chesina modati aerobatic loopnu pradarsinchindi. hilda hevelet aagashtu 29,1911naa pilate licenses pondina modati british mahilagaa nilichindi, adhe samvatsaram thana kodukuku vimaanamlo prayaaninchadam neerpindi. 1911 november 7naa raayal ero club aviator licenses pondina rendava british mahila cherida dii beauvoir stocks. 1910 septembarulo, melli bees germanyki modati mahilaa pilate ayyindi mariyu taruvaati samvatsaram 1913loe utpatti cheyabadina thana modati vimananni roopondinchadam praarambhinchindi. 1911 aktobaru 10naa, praagku chendina check deshasthuraalu bojena laglerova, oka mahilaku modati austrian licenses pondhi, tommidi rojula taruvaata oka mahilaku rendava german licensenu pondindi. 1910 december 7naa, gatamlo automobile racinglo palgonna jaine herview fraanslo licenses pondhi femina kaplo palgonadam praarambhinchaadu. aagashtu 15,1912naa lillie stainsionider austro-hangerian saamrajyamlo modati mahilaa pilate ayyaru.
italeeki chendina modati mahilaa pilate ayina rosina ferrario 1913 janavari 3naa thana licensenu sampaadinchindi, modati prapancha yuddhamlo gayapadina sainikulanu ravana cheyadaaniki mahilalanu anumatinchadaaniki thana prabhutvam ledhaa redd kraasnu pondadam entha aascharyakaramgaa undho antagaa viphalamaindi. romenia modati mahilaa pilate elena karagiani-stoinessku yuddha prayatnaala kosam vimaanamlo prayaaninchadam gurinchi aame prabhutvam nundi adhe pratispandananu pondhi journalism vaipu moggu chuupaaru. december 1,1913naa, liyubov golanchikova modati mahilaa test pilate kaavadaaniki oka oppandampai santakam chesaaru. dakshinaafrikaalooni kimberleaki chendina aann maria bosierelli anae pilate licenses pondina african khandamlo modati mahila chervonskaya airplane varkshaaplo tayaaru chesina "ferman-22" vimananni pareekshinchadaaniki aame angeekarinchindi.
1916loe, jhang jiahun (rhang jiahun) nanuan aviation school yokka air shoku hajarainappudu chaina yokka modati mahilaa pilate ayyaru mariyu aamenu vimaanamlo prayaaninchadaaniki anumatinchaalani pattubattaru. polaanni chuttumutty, puvvulu visirina taruvaata, aame kuppakuulipooyindi, aame praanaalatoe bayatapadinappudu jaateeya kathaanayikagaa maarindi. catherine stinson modati mahilaa air mail pilate ayyaru, united states postal servies 1918loe chikago nundi newyork nagaraniki meyilnu eguraveyadaaniki aamenu oppandam kudurchukunnappudu. marusati samvatsaram, rooth laa modati adhikaarika yuu.ess. philippeansku air mail.
mahilalu kooda itarulaku elaa egaraalo neerpinchadamloo palgonnaru. hilda hevelet mariyu gustav blandou 1910loe kalisi inglandlo modati flying school ayina hevelet-blandou schoolnu praarambhinchaaru. vidyaarthulaku bodhinchadaaniki paatasaalalo oke oka vimanam undedi, idhi rendu samvatsaraala paatu terichi undedi. pilate licenses pondina rendava german mahila charlet mohring 1913loe flying schoollo managerga panicheesaaru.
1920luu.
modati prapancha yuddham taruvaata purushulu mariyu mahilalu "migulu mariyu upasamharinchukunna vimanalanu" konugolu cheyagaligaaru. vimanalu egaraalani korukunnaru, conny yuddham taruvaata takkuva demand unnanduna, pailatlu vimanalanu konugolu chesi, prayaanaalu andistuu oka pattanam nundi maroka pattanaaniki vellaaru. janasamuuhaanni aakarshinchadaaniki aakarshanhalanu srushtinchina eee saahasopetamaina saahasayaatralu, ooyalanu pradarsinchi, ekkuva mandhi viniyogadaarulanu aakarshinchadaaniki wing walking praarambhinchaaru. vaimanikulu mariyu pailatlu flying sarkaslanu erpaatu chesi, vaari barnstarming vijayaalanu prothsahinche posterlu velaadadeeyadaaniki vaari mundu promoterlanu pampaaru.
1920loe, taruvaata omli ayina phobe fairgrave, paddenimidella vayasulo thana vimanayana vruttini stunt vumanga cheyaalani nirnayinchukundi. 1921 natiki, aame 15,200 adugula prapancha mahilala parachute drop rikaardunu nelakolpindi mariyu faaks moving picture company yokka "dhi perils off palin" siriisloo wing vakarga panichesindi. 1927 natiki, omlee modati ravana pailatla licenses mariyu oka mahilaku jaarii chesina airplane mechanics licensenu sampaadinchindi. maroka sahasa mahila, ethel dair 1920 natiki oka vimanam nundi maroka vimaanaaniki nadavadamlo paripuurnata saadhinchi, eee ghanata saadhinchina modati mahila.
bessie coleiman 1921loe licenses pondina vimaana pilate ayina modati african american mahila. adhe samvatsaram, mcgill vishwavidyaalayam yokka modati nyaya graduate ayina annee longstaff vimaana prayaana paataalu neerchukoevadam praarambhinchindi mariyu 1922loe "macaleans magazine" loe oka vyaasamlo kenada yokka modati mahilagaa prakatinchaaru. 1928loe kenadaalo pailatla licenses pondina modati mahila elean volic. aaa samvatsaram, japan yokka modati mahilaa pilate tadashi heodo thana licensenu sampaadinchaaru. koreaku chendina kwan kii-ook 1925loe aaa deshaaniki modati mahilaa licency ayyaru, rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata, republic off korea vaimanika dalaanni sthaapinchadamlo sahaayapadatamlo keelaka paatra pooshinchaaru. german maarga vaan etzdorff 1927loe luftansa kosam saha-piloting praarambhinchinappudu mariyu 1928 fibravari 1naa vaanijya junker eff13loe ontarigaa piloting praarambhinchinappudu vimanayana samstha kosam prayaaninchina modati mahila. 1920la chivaralo, mahilalu vimaana pootiilu mariyu vimaanayaanaaniki sambandhinchina pootiilaloo pootii padatam konasaaginchaaru. 1929loe, pancho barness modati mahilaa stunt pailetga panicheyadaaniki hollywoodku vellaaru. howard hyoogs 'hells angels' (1930) vanti chitraalalo panicheyadamtho paatu, aame 1931loe anubandha motion pictures pilots unionnu kooda sthaapinchindi. mottamodati mahilala air derby ledhaa pouder puff derby, shanta monika, california nundi cleveland, ohiyo varaku adhikaarika mahilala-matrame resu, 1929 jaateeya air resulalo bhaagamgaa jarigindi mariyu luis thaden gelichindi.
1912loe vimanalanu ambulenslugaa upayoginchaalane aalochananu modata pratipaadinchina fraansku chendina maerii marving 1920laloe thana aalochananu vijayavantamgaa pracharam chestune unnaaru. french valasa yuddhaala samayamlo, marving flying ambulance servies ayina "aviation sanitire" thoo gayapadina sainika sibbandini khaalii cheyinchaaru. kenadian elean volic 1928loe 19 samvatsaraala vayassulo modati licenses pondina mahilaa pailat ayyaru, mariyu elysse mcgill 1929loe aeronatical injaneeringlo masters degreeni sampaadinchina modati mahila ayyaru. johnet hendry scatlandlo modati mahilaa pailat ayyaru, 1928 december 3naa aameku "eah" licenses sampaadinchaaru. 1929 november 2naa, newyorkloni valley streamloni curtis feeldlo, 26 mandhi mahilaa pailatlu samavesamai mahilaa pailatlaku paraspara maddatu andinchadaaniki antarjaateeya samsthanu erpaatu chesaaru mariyu sankhya ledhaa charter sabhyula paeru meeda tombhai tommidi mandhi anie paeru pettaru.
1930luu.
1929 stock market patanam mariyu tadupari maandyam, marinta kathinamaina bhadrata nibandhanalatho kalisi, aneka flying circuslu mariyu barnstarming circuitlu madavataniki kaaranamayyaayi. dasaabdamloo, united stateslo mahilaa pailatlaku empikalu pradhanamgaa ammakalu, marketing, racing mariyu barnstarming mariyu bodhakudugaa undataaniki parimitam cheyabaddaayi. 1930loe, pani vimaanamlo prayaninchalekapoyina elen charchi anae pilate, vimanayana samstha kaaryanirvaahakulaku mahilalanu vimanalalo hosteslugaa vyavaharinchadaaniki anumatinchaalani pratipaadinchaaru. boying air transport dwara moodu nelala trial praatipadikana aamenu niyaminchaaru mariyu vimanayana samsthalaku modati eduguru vimaana parichaarakulalo okarigaa empikayyaaru. eee modati vimaana parichaarakulu 115 poundla kante takkuva undaali, narsulu mariyu avivaahitulu undaali.
1930laloe mahilalu vividha "modati" saadhinchaaru. 1930loe, aangla vimaana chodakudu amee johnson, oka mahila dwara australiaku modati ingland vimaanamlo prayaaninchaaru. adhe samvatsaram, johnson vimaanamlo egaradam neerchukoevadaaniki prerana pondina srimati victor broose, ingland nundi japanku egirina modati vyakti, pasupu samudram meedugaa egirina modati vyakti, mariyu thana bluebird vimaanamlo ontarigaa prapanchaanni chuttina modati mahila (ooda dwara mahaasamudraalanu daatadam)
americaku valasa vacchina german vyakti ayina antoine strassman, 1932 maeloe dornier doow ex flying boat loe oka brundamtho prayaanistuu, vimaanamlo atlaantiknu vijayavantamgaa daatina modati mahilagaa nilichaaru. adhe samvatsaram saradrutuvulo, strassman germany nundi brazilloni pernambuco varaku jeppelin nuu nadipadu.
1931 septembaru 19naa, yukelo mottamodati mahilala vimanayana samavesanni mollie olnee mariyu srimati harrold braun, northamptonshire ero club dwara, sivello nirvahinchaaru.
mae 1932loe, american amelia earhart atlantic meedugaa ontarigaa prayaaninchina modati mahilagaa nilichaaru. yuvatulanu vimaana pailatluga maaradaaniki prothsahinchaalani, veelu kalpinchaalani aame prajalanu koraru, 1936 mariyu 1937loe, aame purdue vishwavidhyaalayamlo vidyaarthulaku bodhinchaaru, idhi "yuu. ess. loe unna koddimandilo okati".ess. kalaasaalalu mahilalaku vimanayana taragatulanu andistaayi ". 
1933loe, latfia elnadi modati eejiptu mahila mariyu modati arab mahilagaa pilate licenses sampaadinchindi. adhe samvatsaram, merina raskova soviet vaimanika dalaalaku modati russian mahilaa navikudu ayyaru. marusati samvatsaram aame zukovsky air fores academylo modati mahilaa bodhakudigaa bodhinchadam praarambhinchindi, aapai 1935loe vimaana parikaraala sikshakudigaa aame dhruvikarana patraanni andukundi.
dwandwa american-chainees pourudu ayina hazel ying lii 1932loe united stateslo thana pilate licensenu sampaadinchaaru. manchuriapai japan dandayaatra taruvaata chaina sainyamlo swachchandamgaa panicheyadaaniki aame chaina vellindi, conny aame lingam kaaranamgaa tiraskarinchabadindi. 1934loe, chainees nati lii yaa-ching switzerlandlo pilate licenses pondaaru; marusati samvatsaram, aame american boying school off aeronautics nundi oka mahilaku modati licenses pondindi; mariyu, 1936loe, aame chaina nundi licenses pondina modati mahilagaa maarindi. aame adhe samvatsaram shanghailo poura vimaana paatasaalanu sthaapinchindi.
1935loe, nancy burd walton modati australian licensenu pondaadu, idhi oka mahilanu prayaaneekulanu teesukelladaaniki anumatinchindi, tadwara aame raayal phaar west pillala aarogya pathakam kosam ambulance sevanu nadapagaladu. aaa tarvaata aame australian umen pilots association nuu sthaapinchindi.
adhe samvatsaram, phillis dorine hooper dakshinaafrikaalo modati mahilaa pilate licensenu sampaadinchindi. marusati samvatsaram, aame vaanijya pailatga licenses pondina modati mahilagaa nilichindi mariyu 2 samvatsaraalalo modati dakshinaafrikaa mahilaa vimaana bodhakigaa maarindi.
fraanslo, suzanne melk, thana desamlo vimaanamlo prayaaninchina mottamodati mahila mariyu 1935loe airopalo pilate licenses pondina modati mahila.
1936loe gypsy maath solo loe thana aviation pilate licensenu sampaadinchina sarala thakral, vimaanamlo prayaaninchina modati bharatiya mahila. aaa tarvaata aame 1000 gantalaku paiga vimaana prayaana samayanni puurti chesindi.
1936loe, germanyki chendina hannah reitsh puurtigaa niyantrinchadagina helicopternu eguravesina modati vyaktulalo okaru ayyaru mariyu rendu samvatsaraalalo, aame modati mahilaa helicopter pilate licensenu sampaadinchindi.
florence clingensmith maranam taruvaata mahilalanu pratishtaatmaka bendics resu nundi nishedhinchaaru, conny 1935 nundi pootii cheyadaaniki anumatinchaaru. 1936loe, mahilalu modati sthaanaanni matrame kakunda, rendava mariyu aidava sthaanaanni kooda pondaaru. vijaetalu luis thaden mariyu blanche nois. laura ingals rendava sthaanamlo, earhart aidava sthaanamlo nilichaaru. 1938loe, eee resulo jackwellin cochron gelichaaru.
1937loe, tarkeeki chendina sabiha gokeen modati sikshana pondina mahilaa yuddha vimaana chodakudu ayyaru, dersim tirugubaatu samayamlo shodhana karyakalapalu mariyu bambu daadula vimanalalo palgonnaru. sainika karyakalapalalo palgonna modati mahila goken kaanappatikee, sainika pailetga sikshana pondina modati mahila aame, eskisehirloni aircraft school (tayyare mctaby) nundi pattabhadruraalaindi.
1939loe 110 mandhi mahilaa sabhyulatho dakshinaafrikaa mahilala vimanayana sangham (saava) erpadindi. aadabhaashalo mahilala poura vaimanika dalam anie piluvabade sabhyatvam, aaa samvatsaramlone 3000 nundi 4000 mandhi sabhyulaku perigindi. yuddham praarambhamaina taruvaata, eee samstha drushtini dakshina africa vaimanika dalaaniki mahilala sahayaka samsthagaa maarchindi.
1940luu.
rendava prapancha yuddham prarambhamainappudu, mahilalu poraatamlo palgonadam praarambhinchaaru. united stateslo, yuddhaaniki mundu, pailatlu saadhaaranamgaa manchi vaataavaranamloo matrame prayaaninchaevaaru, tadwara vaaru naela sthaanaanni nirnayinchagalaru. yuddhamlo egaradaaniki pailatlu vividha paristhitulalo egaralsi vachindi, mariyu parikaraala sikshana kosam oka prayatnam praarambhamaindi. 1944 natiki, sumaru 6,000 mandhi mahilalu link trainer operatorluga sikshana pondaaru mariyu purusha pailatlaku vaayidyaalanu elaa chadavaalo neerpinchaaru. patricia doubleu vanti taramgaalu. malone yuddham taruvaata vaanijya vimaana anukarana bodhanaku maarindi, ikkada vimaana sikshana operatorla parisramalo mahilalu aadhipatyam chelaayinchaaru.
1939loe, jackwellin kochran pradhama mahila eleanor roosvelt kuu sainyamlo mahilaa pailatlanu upayoginchadam gurinchi raasaaru. taruvaata, nancy harkness love kooda yuu. ess. sainyaniki idhe vidhamaina abhyardhana chesindi, ayithe mahilala aalochanalu rendoo 1942 varaku nilipiveyabaddaayi. appudu premanu mahilala sahayaka ferring squadron [waffs] kuu naayakatvam vahinchaaru, idhi nissabda saamardhyaaniki khyaatini penchindi mariyu baga gowravinchabadina vibhagamga maarindi. septembaru 14,1942naa general henry arnold, armi air fores umens flying training detachment (doublueftidy) anae kotta kaaryakramaaniki kochraannu baadhyata vahinchaaru. aagashtu 5,1943 natiki, mahilaa vaimanika dhala seva pailatlu (tadi) nuu erpaatu cheyadaaniki doublueftidini wafsto vileenam chesaaru. kandireegalu vividha margallo sainyaniki maddatu icchaayi, karmagarala nundi sainika vaimanika dhala sthaavaraalaku kotta vimanalanu eguravesai, test pailatluga panicheesaayi, egurutunna driverluga panicheesaayi mariyu vimaana vidhvamsaka ganneri abhyasam kosam lakshyalanu cherukovadamlo sahayapaddayi. kandireegalu ennadoo puurti sainika prayojanaalanu pondaledu, eee samstha december 1944loe raddu cheyabadindi. kandireegalu chivaraku 1979loe purvagaamigaa anubhavagnula hodaanu pondaayi.
mahilaa pailatluga panicheyadamtho paatu, american mahilalu rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo air traaphik kantrolarlugaa kooda panicheyadam praarambhinchaaru. rendava prapancha yuddhamlo air-navigation kosam rekkalu dharinchina ekaika ala commander frances biadosz. united stateslo mahilalanu saastravettalu mariyu injaneerlugaa, alaage vislaeshakulugaa panicheyadaaniki aeronautics (naaka) jaateeya salaha kamitee niyaminchindi, vimaana namuunaalapai wind tunnels nundi daetaanu sameekshinchindi.
1940loe, majer phillis danning (nee phillis dorine hooper) dakshina africa mahilala sahayaka vaimanika dalam (sawaf) commanderga puurti samayam sainika sevalo pravesinchina modati dakshina africa mahilagaa avatarinchindi. 1941loe, dakshina rhodesia mahilala sahayaka vimaana seva praarambhinchabadindi. konni nelallone 100 mandiki paiga mahilaa niyaamakaalu clerical sevalu, kuttu naipunyaalu, parachute packing mariyu driverlu, parikara sahayakulu mariyu mechanicsga panicheestunnaaru.
rendava prapancha yuddhamlo british poura kaaryakalaapaalaina air transport auxillary (yea. tii. yea) loe 166 mandhi mahilaa pailatlu (mottam yea. tii. yea pailatlalo enimidi mandiloo okaru) paal gover aadhvaryamlo unnaaru. modati enimidi mandhi mahilaa pailatlu, john hyoogs, margaret kannisan, monaa friedlander, rosemary rees, marian wilberforce, margaret fairweather, gabriel patterson mariyu winifred crossley fair 1 janavari 1940naa sevaloki aamodinchabaddaru. eee mahilaa pailatlalo padihenu mandhi british rikaardu baddalu aviator amee johnson mariyu kenadian jananam joy davison thoo sahaa gaalilo praanaalu kolpoyaru. aakramita netherlands nundi englandwarderga tappinchukunna idaa weldhuezen vaan janten ataalo unna ekaika dutch mahila. margot duhalde, oka chillion mahila, rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo ataaku ravana missionlanu eguravesindi mariyu yuddham taruvaata french vaimanika dalaaniki modati mahilaa pailetga maari, morakoku ravaanaanu eguravesindi. aame sevalaku, 1946loe duhaldenu gourava sainika dalaaniki gurram chesaaru. neurosurgeon mariyu french sainyam sabhyuralu ayina valery andrey, indochaina (1945) loe panichestunnappudu, yuddhamlo helicopternu eguravesina modati mahila ayyaru. raayal kenadian vaimanika dalam 1942loe mahilala vibhaganni srushtinchindi, mahilalaku vaari purusha sahacharula vetanamlo moodinta rendontula vaetanaanni andinchindi. mahilalu yuddhalu mariyu vimaana prayaanaalaku nishedhinchabadinappatiki, vimaana nirvahananu nirvahinchi, itara vidhulatho paatu air traaphik controllo panicheesaaru. yuddham mugise samayaniki, 17,000 mandiki paiga kenadian mahilalu swadesamlo ledhaa videshaalalo mahilaa vibhaagamlo panicheesaaru.
1927loe thana pilate licensenu sampaadinchina corian, 1948loe republic off korea air forcelo chaeri, modati leftinentga niyamitulayyaaru. aame 1949loe mahilaa vaimanika dalaaniki vyavasthaapaka commanderga unnaaru, conny korea yuddham prarambhamainappudu pattubadi uttara koreaku teesukellaaru.
rendava prapancha yuddhamlo poraadutunna itara deshaala maadirigaa kakunda, soviet union 588va raatri bomber air-regiment ledhaa raatri maantrikulu anae mottam-mahilala poraata vimaana vibhaganni srushtinchindi. soviet vaimanika dalaala eee brundam 1942 nundi rendava prapancha yuddham mugimpu varaku vedhimpu bambu daadi mariyu khachitamaina bambu daadula karyakalapalanu nirvahinchindi. eee samsthanu modata joseph stallin 1941 aktobaru 8naa erpaatu chesaaru, mariyu mahilalandaruu swachchanda sevakulu. raatri maantrikulu 30,000 missionlanu eguravesi, "german aakramanadaarulapai 23,000 tannula baambulanu visiraru": eee vibhaagaaniki 'guards' hodha mariyu yuddha-gauravam 'taman-skye' (taman yuddhamlo vaari pani kosam) rendintinee manjuru chesaaru, anduvalla 46va 'tamansky' raatri-bomber air-regimentnu kapade yuddhanni muginchadaaniki tirigi sankhya ivvabadindi. soviyatlalo egurutuu esesga pariganinchabade mahilalu matrame unnaaru. lydia litt vyaak vividha vanarula nundi ververu sankhyalo hatyalaku ghanata pondindi, conny 1990loe, eee sankhya 12 solo kills mariyu 3 shared killsga ivvabadindi. yekaterina budanova saratov mariyu stallingrad meeda yuddha karyakalapalalo poraadaaru mariyu 11 hatyalaku ghanata pondaaru.
1948loe, brazil yokka mottamodati licenses pondina mahilaa pilate, adaa rogato, dummu coffey polaalanu pandinchadaaniki mariyu pantanu peedistunna borrer beetilnu tolaginchadaaniki prabhutvam niyaminchinappudu modati mahilaa vyavasaya pilate ayyaru. marusati samvatsaram, rogato andees meedugaa ontarigaa prayaaninchina modati mahilagaa nilichindi mariyu 1951loe, tierra dell fugo nundi alasca ontarigaa prayaaninchindi, idhi aamenu dakshina america, madhya america mariyu uttara america antataa teesukelutundi. 1948loe, marusati samvatsaram isabella dii freetas ayina isabella ribiro dii kabral, trinidad mariyu tobago yokka modati mahilaa pilate ayyaru. 1988loe, modati trinidadian mahila, vendy avching kepten kaavadaaniki maroe nalabhai samvatsaraalu padutundi.
1950luu.
1951loe chainaku chendina peeples liberation armi air fores (plaf) 55 mandhi mahilaa shikshanaarthulanu namodu chesindi. vaaru graduate ayinappudu, marusati samvatsaram, mahilalu 6 communication operatorlu, 5 navikudu, 30 aann-board aircraft mechanics mariyu 14 pailatlaku praatinidhyam vahinchaaru. 1956loe 160 mandhi shikshanaarthulatho rendava taragati vidyaarthulu plaafloo pravesinchaaru, conny vaarilo 44 mandhi matrame tama sikshananu puurti chesaaru.
1952 chivaralo, korea yuddham saravegamgaa saagadamtho, uttara korea vaimanika dalam prapanchamlone mahilaa jett faitar pailatlatho unna ekaika vaimanika dalam. vaarilo okaru, thaa seen hii, yuddhamlo maig-15 lanu eguravesi, chivariki squadron leader gaa edigaaru. corian peeples democratic republic yokka heero birudutho aamenu satkarinchaaru.
1952loe, wings jamaika vyavasthaapakudu majer carle barnet yokka american bhaarya ayina ersley barnet, jamaika loe oka mahilaku manjuru chesina modati pilate licensenu sampaadinchindi. taruvaata aame modati jamaika vimaana bodhakuditho paatu vaanijya pilate ayyaru.
jackwellin cochron 1953loe dhwani addankini adhigaminchina modati mahilagaa nilichaaru. juun 1953 natiki, aame mahilala kosam "neerugaa mariyu closed-course flight kosam pradhana prapancha vimaana vaega recordulalo okati" nuu kaligi undhi.
korea yuddham samayamlo, maajee kandireegalu vaimanika dalamlo kriyaaseela vidhullo cheramani koraru. 1952 natiki alala niyamakalalo padamudu saatam mandhi vaayu sikshana kosam empika cheyabaddaaru, indulo vaayu niyantrana sibbandi, vaimanika sahacharulu, electronics saanketika nipunulu mariyu itara sahayaka sibbandigaa sthaanaalu unnaayi. 1953loe, alalu mechanicsga panichese mahilalapai nishedhaanni ettivesaayi. korea yuddha samayamlo roque vaimanika dalamlo pailetga panichesina ekaika dakshina korea mahila.
australia mahilaa pailatla sangham (eah. vii. pii. eah) vanti samsthalu erpaddaayi. maroe samstha dhi virley-gurles, dheenini 1955loe zeane raas howard fellon mahilaa helicopter pailatla kosam praarambhinchaaru. aame eee samuuhaanni anadhikaarika aasakti samuuhamgaa praarambhinchindi, conny sabhyula netvarkku merugaina sahayam cheyadaaniki mariyu purusha-aadhipatya rangamlo okarikokaru maddatu ivvadaaniki daanini lanchanaprayamga chesindi.
pakistan 1950la chivaralo british raayal air fores paie thana vaimanika dalaanni roopondinchindi. idhi paakistaanlo ekkuva mandhi mahilalu sainyamlo paalgonadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. 1958loe kenadaaku chendina dorothy rungelling helicopternu ontarigaa nadipina modati mahilagaa nilichindi.
1950luu mariyu 1960laloe, vimaana prayaanam khareedainadi mariyu rangugala koddimandi matrame vimananni nadapagaligevaaru. yuu.ess. prayaanaaniki matrame kakunda upaadhi avakaasaalaku addamkulanu tolaginchadaaniki vibhajana chattalu nemmadigaa raddu cheyabaddaayi. bhaarata upakhandam mariyu carabian nundi kaarmikula pravaham, africa mariyu carabianlo swaatantrya udyamaalato paatu, yuddhaanantara kaalamlo british kaarmikula avasaram adhe kaalamlo 'rangu kaarmikula' niyamakanni avasaramgaa chesindi. taruvaati dasaabdaalalo munupati kaalaneelaku chendina mahilalu vimaanayaanamloki pravesinchadam marinta ekkuvagaa kanipistundi.
1960luu.
1960laloe, mahilaa vimaana paricharakuluga, parichaarikalu, aakarshanheeyamaina mariyu anyadesa sahasikuluga pariganinchabaddaaru. fraank cinatra paata "naatho egarandi" jett setku janmanichindi. eee aakarshanhaku adanamgaa, bernard glemser navala, "gurl aann eah wing", mariyu daani aadhaaramgaa vacchina british chitram, "cuum fly vith mii" (1963), gruhanirvaahakulanu srungaaraaniki stylish anveshakulugaa chitreekarinchaayi. custom-fitt unifamlu dharinchi, parichaarakulu vrutti mahilalu, vaari roopaanni, vaivahika sthithini mariyu santaanaheenatanu hollywood taaralu valene parisrama adhikarulu kaapaadevaaru. oka vaipu, vaaru streetvam yokka aadarsaanni pradarsinchaalsi undhi, conny marovaipu, vaaru tama laingikata dwara vimanayana prayaanaanni vikrayinchadaaniki upayoginchabaddaaru. vaaru edurkonna dwandwa pramaanaalu, alaage vaaru jeevinchina aakarshanheeyamaina jeevanasaili, 1967loe prachurinchabadina pustakam "coffey, tii ledhaa neenu?" thoo best sellar jaabitaalo chotu dakkinchukunnaayi."1963loe, 32 yella vayasulo padavee viramana chese vimanayana samsthala vidhaanampai vilekarula samavesam nirvahinchina parichaarikalu, desham drushtini aakarshincharu. vilekarula samavesam vimanayana samsthala irukaina pramaanamaina "stree aakarshana" paie drushti saarinchindi.
1960loe, olgaa tarling australialo modati mahilaa air traaphik controller ayyaru mariyu yavonne pope synts mariyu franky oo 'caine modati mahilaa british air traaphik controllerlu ayyaru. adhe samvatsaram, alia menchari modati mahilaa tunitian pilate ayyaru. 1961loe, lucil golas thana bhartaku maining vyaparamlo sahayam cheyadaaniki gayanaloni oka mahilaku modati pilate licenses pondaadu. 1962loe assagedec assefa pilate licenses pondina modati ethiopian mahilagaa nilichindi. adhe samvatsaram, jackwellin cochron atlantic mahasamudram meedugaa jett vimananni eguravesina modati mahilagaa nilichindi. dhwani addankini vichchinnam chesina modati mahila kooda aame. dasaabdam antataa, aame mariyu fraansku chendina jackwellin aureol mahilala vegam mariyu dhoora recordulanu "jackies yuddham" anie pilustaaru.
vilium lovelace yokka private nidhulatho nadiche project, antariksha kaaryakramamlo mahila americalo mahilaa pailatlanu niyaminchindi.ess. antariksha kaaryakramaaniki taginatlugaa vaatini pareekshinchadaaniki. niyamakalalo padamudu mandhi nassa yokka bhouthika avasaralanu adhigaminchaaru. adanapu pareekshalaku schedule cheyabadina united states naavikaadalam nassa adhikarulu lenanduna vaari soukaryaala viniyogaanni raddu chesindi. 1962loe sains und austronautics house kamitee pratyeka upasangham bahiranga vichaaranalu nirvahinchindi. endukante nassa vyomagaamulandaruu injaneering degreeni saadhinchi, military jett piloting test prograamla graduatelu kavalsina avasaram unnanduna, mahilallo evaruu pravesha mundastu avasaralanu teerchalekapoyaru. vichaarana tarvaata upasangham etuvanti charya teesukoledu. marusati samvatsaram, valentina tereshkova, oka autsaahika russian parachute jumper, antarikshamloki vellina modati mahilagaa nilichaaru.
1963loe, betty miller pasiphik mahasamudram meedugaa ontarigaa prayaaninchina modati mahilagaa nilichindi mariyu kenyaalo nivasistunna french vaidyuraalu anae spoory, african medical und research foundation yokka "flying doctors" loe modati mahilaa sabhyuraligaa maarindi, maarumuula praantaalalo avasaramaina vaidya sahayanni andinchadaaniki bush dwara thana vimananni nirvahinchindi. 1964loe, geraldine maak prapanchaanni pradakshina chesina modati mahilagaa charitra srushtinchindi. 1966loe, soviet pilate galina gavrilovana korchuganova mascolo jarigina prapancha aerobatic chhampiyanshiplo potipadi, mahilala vyaktigata pootiiloo bangaaru patakam saadhinchi, modati mahilala prapancha aerobatics champiyanga nilichindi.
united stateslo vietnam yuddham yokka janaadarana laeni kaaranamgaa, purushulu taginanta adhika retutho swachchandamgaa panicheyaledu; ayithe, sainyamlo mahilala panipai parimitula kaaranamgaa chaalaa mandhi mahilalu tiragabaddaaru. 1967loe, ekkuva mandhi mahilalanu sainyamlo chaeradaaniki mariyu unnata hodaalaku padoonnati pondadaaniki anumatinche chattam aamodinchabadindi. 1969loe, kukki vaan gerlach nairuti aafrikaalo, ippudu namibialo oka mahilaku jaarii chesina modati pilate licensenu pondaadu. adhe samvatsaram, naarveku chendina tourie vidray scandinavian airlines kuu modati mahilaa pilate ayyaru. tourie vidray konnellugaa thana tandri company vidray kosam oka pailetga unnaaru, idhi nedu scandinavian deshaalalo atipedda praantiiya vimanayana samstha. tourie vidray 1967loe scandinavian airlineslo cherina taruvaata pradhana vimanayana samsthalaku paaschaatya prapanchamlooni modati mahilaa vaanijya pailetga netikee gurtinchabadindi.
1970luu.
1970la varaku, united stateslo vimanayanam saampradayakamgaa purushula vruttigaa undedi. vaanijya saakha nibandhanala prakaram, pailatlu taginanta vimaana samayanni pondadaaniki sainyamlo prayaaninchaalsi untundi, mariyu 1970la varaku, yuu. ess.ess. vaimanika dalam mariyu naavikaadalam mahilalanu vimaanamlo prayaninchakunda nishedhinchaayi mariyu vaariki vaanijya pilotinglo panini mamuluga niraakarinchevaaru. 1993 varaku yuu. ess. sainyam mahilalaku yuddha jett vimanalanu teravaledu. chivariki mahilalu yuu. ess. loki pravesinchadam praarambhinchaaru.ess. 1970luu mariyu 1980laloe pradhana vaanijya vimanayanam, 1973loe modati mahilaa pailetnu majer yuu loe chuusaaru.ess. airlines, american airlines. american majer yuu yokka modati mahilaa keptenga kooda padoonnati pondaadu.ess. 1986loe mariyu aaa taruvaati samvatsaram vimanayana samstha modati mahilaa vimaana sibbandini kaligi undhi. itara deshaalalo, scandinavian airlines system kosam 1968 chivarilo niyaminchabadina tourie vidray vanti mahilalu pailatluga prayaaninchadam praarambhinchaaru, aerofloat appatike mahilaa pailatlanu niyaminchindi.
1970laloe, rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata modatisaarigaa, 1974loe naavikaadalam mariyu sainyamtho praarambhinchi, 1976loe vaimanika dalamlo united states saayudha dalaalalo mahilalaku vimanalu nadapadaniki anumati labhinchindi. 1970la madhya natiki, mahilala vimukti udyamam kaaranamgaa mahilaa pailatlalo pedda perugudala untundani mahilalu anchanaa vestunnaru. atlantic mariyu pasiphik mahaasamudraala meedugaa 340 saarlu vimanalanu eguravesina modati antarjaateeya mahilaa ferrie pilate luis saachi, idhi yea itara vimanayana-kaani pilate kante ekkuva. 1971loe, aame newyork nundi londonku 17 gantala 10 nimishaallo oke injin gala land vimananni eguraveyadam dwara mahilala vaega rikaardunu nelakolpindi, idhi netikee niliche rikaardu. saachi godfrey ell geluchukunna modati mahila. vimaanayaanaaniki vishishta sevalandinchinanduku cabot avaardu. padhi mandhi mahilaa vaimanika dhala adhikaarulatho modati graduating taragati september 2,1977naa vaari rajata vibhaagaalanu sampaadinchindi. eee padhi mandhi mahilalu 77-08 taragatilo bhaagamgaa unnaaru mariyu villiams vaimanika dhala sthaavaramlo pattabhadrulayyaaru. 1978loe, maajee kandireegala brundam mahilala sainika pailatla sangham (dablyuempie) nuu erpaatu chesindi.
1975loe, yola kine jamaikaalo janminchina modati vaanijya pilate mariyu vimaana bodhakudu ayyadu. marusati samvatsaram, kine jamaika rakshana dalamtho modati mahilaa pilate ayyaru mariyu 1980laloe transzamica limited kosam modati mahilaa pilate ayyaru. naalugu samvatsaraala taruvaata, 1979loe, jamaika maria giadi-hadad paschima ardhagolamlo vaanijya jett airline pilate ayina modati mahilalalo okaru ayyaru, aame air jamaika yokka modati mahilaa pailetga, boying 727 rendava adhikariga niyaminchabaddaaru. maroe jamaikan, michel yap, 1988loe leavered ilands air transport yokka twin otarnu eguravesina carabianlo modati mahilaa airline kepten ayyaru. marusati samvatsaram, kepten yap aanglo-carabianlo mottam mahilaa sibbandini nadipina modati mahila.
1976 septembaru 9naa, asley husson abade somali vaimanika dalamlo ekaika mahilaa pailetga thana modati vimananni ontarigaa nadiparu. 1977loe, gayanaku chendina cheryl pickering-moor mariyu beverley drake gayana rakshana dalaaniki chendina modati iddaru mahilaa pailatlu ayyaru. konni nelala taruvaata gayana airways corporation yokka modati mahilaa pailetga drake badilee cheyabaddaaru, aame 1990laloe yuu kosam panichestunna modati mahila mariyu african-american senior inspection analyst ayyaru.ess. jaateeya ravana bhadrata boardu. jill braun-hiltz 1978loe texas international airlineslo pailetga cheraaru, united stateslo vaanijya vimanayana samstha kosam prayaaninchina modati african american mahilagaa nilichaaru. adhe samvatsaram, chineer kaalo, aaa samayamlo chineer onyucheya nigeria yokka modati mahilaa pilate ayyaru. 1979loe, koh chaay haang republic off singapur air fores (rsaf) loe modati mahilaa pilate ayyaru. thana sainika vruttini konasaagistuu, 1999loe modati iddaru mahilaa leftinent-kalnalslo koo okaru ayyaru. bahamian patrice clark, taruvaata washington, 1979loe daytana beechloni pinda-dattamaina aeronatical vishwavidhyaalayamlo pravesinchaaru. moodu samvatsaraala taruvaata aame aeronatical sainslo bs mariyu aame vaanijya pilate dhruvikaranatho pattabhadruraalaina paatasaalalo modati nallajati mahilagaa avatarinchindi. aame bahamasair niyaminchina modati mahilaa pailetga mariyu taruvaata yuu. ess loe vimanalanu aadesinchina modati nallajati mahilagaa avatarinchindi.ess. 1994loe united parshil servies (ups) dwara keptenga padoonnati pondinappudu aame pradhana carrier servies kosam panicheesaaru.
1977loe, barbara aann christini united stateslo modati mahilaa pooliisu pailatga american business reference ink namodu chesindi. pensylvanialo harsham township pooliisu vibhaagamlo panichestunnappudu. aame elanti vetanam lekunda air ambulance mariyu helicopter unitku 1,000 gantalaku paiga vyaktigata samayanni ketaayinchindi.
iravayyava sataabdaaniki daggaralo.
sataabdam chivaralo, vimanayana rangamlo jaathi mariyu lingabhedam yokka addamkulanu tolaginchadaaniki chattaparamaina prayatnaalu niyamaka paddhatulalo parisrama maarpulaku daariteesaayi. united stateslo, 1970la chivaralo samaana upaadhi avakaasaala commission 1964 naati poura hakkula chattam yokka ullanghanalanu kanugondi, dheenini tadupari dasaabdaallo kortu paryaveekshinchindi mariyu 1995loe teerpu ichindi, idhi taginantagaa parishkarinchabadindi. aafrikaalo, balamaina jaateeya carrier lekapovadam valla aneka paryataka maargaalanu european vimanayana samsthalu adhigaminchaayi, ayithe 1980luu mariyu 1990laloe eee rangamlo vruddhi khandantara vimanalalo 26 saatam market vatanu aafrikanlu nadiparu. latin america mariyu carabianlo, 1990laloe paryataka rangamlo vruddhi poura vimanayana rangam naatakeeya vistaranaku daariteesindi, aneka deshaalu vimaanaasrayaala vistarananu chushai. sainika sevalalo, uttara america, eurup mariyu asealo mahilala paatralu perigayi.
1980loe, yuu yokka linn repelmayer.ess. boying 747 nuu eguravesina modati mahilagaa nilichaaru mariyu naalugu samvatsaraala taruvaata eee nowkaloo keptenga panichesina modati mahilagaa nilichaaru. adhe samvatsaram, olive aann beach kuu yuu. ess nundi rait brothers memorial trophy labhinchindi.ess. vimaanaala tayari kosam national aeronatic association. 1981loe, maerii crafford united states naavikaadalamloo modati mahilaa vimaana adhikari ayyaru mariyu adhe samvatsaram yichida endlovu jambialo modati poura mahilaa pilate licensenu sampaadinchaaru. british raayal air fores ledhaa sthaanika cadet dalaalalo cheralekapoyina elizabeth gennings clark off seyint. sikshana yokka adhika kharchunu bharti cheyadaaniki lucia oka private scholarship karyakramanni kanugondi. 1983loe sikshana puurti chesinappudu aame liat kuu modati mahilaa pilate ayyaru. adhe samvatsaram, charlot larson mariyu deane shulman smoke jumper vimaanaaniki kepten ayina modati mahilagaa charitra srushtinchaaru mariyu scullman smoke jamparga arhata saadhinchina modati mahilagaa nilichaaru.
kenadaalo 1979loe vaimanika dalam mahilaa pailatla kosam oka prayogaatmaka karyakramanni praarambhinchindi. empika chesina nalugurilo dii brasser okaru mariyu 1988loe eff-18 jett faitarnu eguravesina prapanchamlooni iddaru modati mahilalalo okaru ayyaru. khatool mahmadzay 1984loe modati afghan mahilaa paratrooper ayyaru, adhe samvatsaram beverley burns modatisaarigaa boying 747loe cross-country trip kosam keptenga panicheesaaru. 1986loe, rebecca empaagi uganda jaateeya pratighatana sainyamlo modati mahilaa pailetga cheraaru. 2008 natiki, empaagi leftinent kalnalga, uganda peeples defence forcelo mahilaa vyavahaaraala adhipatigaa panichese varaku aame rankullo edagadam konasaaginchindi. 1987loe, british airlines vaari modati mahilaa pilate linne barton nuu niyaminchukundi. adhe samvatsaram erma johnson antarjaateeya vimaanaasrayam yokka directorla boardu viluva gala dallas/kotaku modati nallajati mariyu modati mahilaa chair ayyaru. zimbabwe mahila sakhile neoni 1988loe botswanalo modati mahilaa pilate ayyaru. marusati samvatsaram afghan vaimanika dalam latifa nabizada mariyu aame sodari laliamanu sainika vimaana paatasaalalo sikshana pondina modati mahilagaa pravesapettindi. 1991loe helicopter paatasaala nundi pattabhadrulaina eee sodareemanulu modati mahilaa aafghani pailatluga nilichaaru. kenadian deane brasser mariyu jaine foster 1989loe kenadaalo sainika vimanalanu eguravesina modati mahilalu.
1950laloe aiduguru mahilaa adhikarulu raayal air fores (raaf) pailatluga arhata saadhinchinappatikii, 1990loe juulii aann gibson mariyu saalii cox raaf yokka modati kereer pailatluga maare varaku raaf mahilalanu vimanayana vruttini konasaaginchadaaniki anumatinchaledu. 1991 juulai 31naa, united states senate sainika mahilalapai yuddhamlo egaraveyadampai nishedhaanni ettivesindi. 1998 natiki, yuu. ess. sainika mahilalu vimaana vaahaka noukalu nundi yuddha karyakalapalanu eguravestunnaru. 1992loe, antarciticalo prayaaninchina modati mahilaa helicopter pilate united states neeveeki chendina judy chessar coffman anae sainika adhikari. adhe samvatsaram, Lt. kellie zhe. united states neeveeki chendina fraank, navika helicopter association pilate off dhi iyar avaardunu pondina modati mahilaa pilate. elti. fraank bahreyinloni hcsc-2 yokka edaari baatula dalamtho 105 sahayaka missionlanu eguravesadu mariyu 664.2 gantala pramaada rahita vimaana gantala asaadhaarana vimanayana vijayalaku udaharinchabaddaadu. america samyukta raashtraala sainyamlo chaalaa mandhi african american mahilalu unnappatikee, 1993loe mattis rait samyukta raashtraala naavikaadalamloo modati nallajati mahilaa vimaana adhikari kaavadaaniki mundu. adhe samvatsaram, nina tapula zambia yokka modati mahilaa sainika pilate ayyaru. harita kaur deol 1994 septembarulo bhaarata vaimanika dalamlo modati mahilaa solo pilate ayyaru, 22 samvatsaraala vayassulo avro hchs-748 nuu eguravesaaru. chipo matimba 1996loe zimbabwe vaimanika dalamlo pilate sikshanaa korsunu puurti chesina modati mahila ayyaru. 1998 december 17naa operation desert faaks samayamlo yuddhamlo kshipanulanu prayoginchina modati mahilaa pailetga kendra villiams ghanata pondaaru. 1999loe, carolin aigal french vaimanika dalam yokka faitar pailat rekkalanu andukundi mariyu miraj 2000-5 nuu eguraveyadaaniki ketayinchabadindi.
poura rangamlo, veronica faay 1992loe malavi yokka modati mahilaa pilate ayyaru mariyu dasaabdam chivari natiki malavi yokka modati mahilaa kepten ayyaru. modati nallajati mahilaa mavalian pilate, felistas magengo-macandavire 1995loe air malavi kosam modati adhikariga vimanalu nadapadam praarambhinchindi. 1993loe, arora karandang philippean airlines kuu modati mahilaa kepten ayyaru. modati nallajati dakshinaafrikaa mahila ayina asnath mahapa 1998loe pilate ayyaru, adhe samvatsaram nikol chang leng seashels yokka modati mahilaa pilate ayyaru. 1998 navambarulo, emm 'liss ward majer yuu kuu keptenga vyavaharinchina modati african american mahilagaa nilichindi.ess. vaanijya vimanayana samstha, united airlines. 1998loe kooda, barbara kasani british airline goo yokka ceo ayyaru, vaanijya vimanayana samstha yokka modati mahilaa ceo ayyaru.
1998loe, united arab emirates kuu chendina aisha alhameli modati emirati mahilaa pilate ayyaru.
vimanayana vruttiloo mahilalaku maddatu ivvadaaniki marinni samsthalu erpaddaayi. tombhai tommidi (99luu) 1940loe amelia earhart memorial scholarship fundnu aame ghnaapakasaktini gowravinchadaaniki mariyu aame aadarsaalanu mariyu vimanayanam patla premanu saasvatam cheyadaaniki sthaapinchaaru. 1941loe $125 oke scholarship nundi, vaarshika amelia earhart memorial scholarship fund vimanayanam mariyu aerospace loe munduku saagadaaniki mariyu vijayavantam kaavadaaniki prapanchavyaaptamgaa unna mahilalaku $12 millionlaku paiga scholarshiplanu andinchindi. 1990loe umen inn aviation international (vi) erpadindi mariyu 1994loe samsthanu lanchanaprayamga chesindi. eee rangaaniki pratyeka sahakaram andinchina vimanayana rangamlo mahilalanu gowravinchadaaniki vi maargadarsaka haall off famenu sthaapinchindi. 1995loe, european mahilaa pailatla samakhya (feupi) romlo sthaapinchabadindi. rendu samvatsaraala taruvaata association pharr umen inn aviation maintenance (awam) erpadindi.
vimanayana parisramalo pramukha prabhaavavantamaina profiles mariyu pramukhulu.
iravayyava sataabdam prarambham nundi samvatsaraalugaa, vimanayana parisramalo mahilalu aneka visaeshamaina kshanaalu chuusaaru. ayithe, kontamandi maargadarsakulu, mariyu vaari prabhavam mariyu prabhavam chaalaa ekkuvagaa undi, vimanayana parisramalooni vividha amsaalalo ekkuva mandhi mahilalu paalgonadaaniki maargam sugamam chesindi.
harriet quimby-1875 nundi 1912 varaku
united stateslo prasiddhi chendina maargadarsakudu, quimby saahasopetamainavaadu mariyu ekkuva mandhi mahilalanu vimanayana parisramalo chaeradaaniki prothsahinchaadu. vividha patrikalalo thana varapu vyasala dwara, aame mahilalanu savaalu chesindi, mariyu prajalanu mariyu schedule chesina vimaana maargaalanu ravana cheyadaaniki vimanayana samsthala gurinchi thana darsanaala dwara, aame vimanayana parisrama vruddhi mariyu abhivruddhiki bhaarii sahakaram andinchindi. vimanalanu eguravesina vaarini atigaa aatmavisvaasam kaligi undatam valla kalige pramaadaalapai aame heccharinchindi mariyu vimananni naduputunnappudu bhadratanu gamaninchadam yokka praamukhyatanu nokki cheppindi. zaan moisent dwara elaa egaraalo neerpinchina quimby, inglish chaanal meedugaa egirina modati mahila. patrikallo paatrikeyudigaa, "aame thana anubhavalanu mariyu vimaanamlo prayaninchetappudu neerchukunna paataalanu panchukunnaru. stree kreedagaa vimanayanam' anae sheershikato aame raasina oka vyaasamlo, mahilalu tama purusha sahacharula vale enduku aatmavisvaasam kaligi undaru anedaaniki etuvanti kaaranam ledani quimby paerkonnaaru. oka vyakti garishta samrakshananu gamaninchi unnanta kaalam, vaaru etuvanti pramaadaalaku kaaranam kaalerani aame annaru. kwimbeeki united states yokka vimanayana parisramapai balamaina nammakam undhi mariyu ekkuva mandhi mahilalanu prasaram cheyadaaniki prothsahinchaaru.
nancy harkness love-1914 nundi 1976 varaku
1914 fibravarilo janminchina nancy, vrutti mariyu sainika pailatluga mahilalanu angeekarinchadamlo keelaka paatra pooshinchaaru. 16 samvatsaraala vayassulo, kevalam 15 gantala ontari samayamtho, nancy boston nundi newyorkloni pougkeepseeki vimaanamlo prayaaninchaaru, akkada vaataavaranam maarindi. aameku diksuuchini elaa chadavaalo teliyadu, mariyu gaze virigipovadamto, vimanam digadaaniki vachindi. aame vimananni surakshitamgaa land chesindi, idhi vimanayana parisramalo aame 40 samvatsaraala vruttini suuchistumdi. sivil aeronautics administration (caa) instrument rating mariyu 1940loe seaplane ratingnu sampaadinchina taruvaata, nancy, itara 32 mandhi pailatlatho kalisi, kenadaaku american vimanalanu eguravese panini appaginchaaru, akkada nundi vaatini fraansku ravana chestaaru. 28 samvatsaraala vayassulo, aame mahilala sahayaka ferring squadron, waffs directorga niyamitulayyaaru, idhi vimanalanu pareekshinchina mahilala samstha, vimanalanu ravana chesindi mariyu vimanalanu elaa eguraveyaalo itara pailatlaku sikshana ichindi. mahilaa pailatlanu sainyamlo vileenam cheyadamlo eee waffs samstha keelaka paatra pooshinchindi. aame aadhvaryamlo mahilalu anni rakaala sainika vimanalanu eguravesaaru. adanamgaa, mahilalu ippatikee purushulatho kalisi jeevinchagalarani, saampradaayetara paatralanu pooshinchagalarani aame drudamaina nammakam dwara, vimanayana parisramalo ekkuva mandhi mahilalaku marinni talupulu teravabaddaayi.
geraldine (jerrie) kaab-1931 nundi 2019 varaku
1931loe oka vaanijya pailatku janminchina jerrie kaab antarikshamloki velladaaniki arhata saadhinchina modati mahila. vimaana bodhakudu mariyu vimananni kaligi unna aame tandri mariyu football coach sahayamtho, jerrie elaa egaraalo neerchukundi, mariyu aame puttinaroju samayaniki 17 samvatsaraala vayassulo, aameku private pilate licenses labhinchindi. pakshika-vruttiparamaina sthaayilo softball aadutunnappudu aame chesina podupu dwara, aame thana vimananni konugolu chesindi, idhi yuddha migulu fairchild piti-23. taruvaata aame 18 samvatsaraala vayassulo thana vaanijya pailat licensenu pondhi, vruttiparamgaa egaradaaniki anumatinchindi. jerrie taruvaata lovelace foundationlo cheraaru, akkada aame mottam 75 paadarasam vyomagaami pareekshalalo uttiirnata saadhinchindi. tadupari pareekshala taruvaata, jerrie, itara 11 mandhi vyomagaami abhyardhulatho project paadarasam kosam empika cheyabaddaaru. jett pilating anubhavam lekapovadam valla aame taruvaata tolaginchabadinappatiki, vimanayana parisramaku aame chesina sahakaram aneka mandhi mahilalanu national aeronautics und space administration (nassa) mariyu saadhaaranamgaa vimanayana parisramalo chaeradaaniki prerepinchindi.
mahilalaku sambandhinchi vimanayana parisramalo prastuta pokadalu.
nedu vimanayana rangamlo mahilala bhagaswamyam takkuvagaa undhi. 2019 december natiki, united stateslo dhruveekarinchabadina poura pailatlalo (private mariyu vaanijya) kevalam 5.4% (466,900 loe 25,485) mandhi mahilalu unnaaru. 1980 decemberulo, united stateslo 26,896 mandhi mahilaa dhruveekarinchabadina poura pailatlu unnaaru. december 2020 natiki, kenadaalo mahilaa poura pailatla (private mariyu vaanijyaparamgaa) saatam 8.15%. kenada raayal kenadian air fores udyogaalalo 18 saatam mandhi mahilalaku perigindi. prapancha sagatu 3 saatamgaa undhi.
2008loe mottam meeda kevalam 16 saatam mandhi mahilalu matrame vimanalu, antariksha naukala tayaareeloo panicheestunnaaru. 2014loe aerospace injaneerlugaa panichese mahilalu eee rangamlo kevalam 25 saatam matrame unnaaru. 2015 natiki vimanayana samsthalalo senior executive sthaayi padavullo mahilalu 6 saatam kante takkuva unnaaru. pakistan vaimanika dalaaniki modati mahilaa faitar pailat pakistan pilate ayesha farooq. 2003 nundi dasaabdamloo kaneesam 19 mandhi mahilalu vaimanika dalamlo pailatlu ayyaru. vaanijya vimanalanu nadapadaniki mahilalanu niyaminchadamlo bharatadesam chaalaa vijayavantamaindi. 2014loe, pailatlalo mahilalu 11.6% gaa unnaaru. kutumbam mariyu vruttini samatulyam cheyadaaniki sahayapade vistruta kutumba maddatu vyavasthalaku mahilalu ghanata istaaru. 2012 natiki, chaina yokka plaaf 300 mandiki paiga mahilaa pailatlu mariyu 200 mandiki paiga sahayaka vaimanika sibbandiki sikshana ichindi. zhe-10 thoo sahaa chaina yokka atyanta adhunaatana yuddha jetlanu eguraveyadaaniki pedda sankhyalo sikshana pondaaru. 2016loe, ippudu sylver airways kepten ayina wang jeng (juulii wang), prapanchavyaaptamgaa paribhraminchina modati asea mahilagaa mariyu prapanchavyaaptamgaa ontarigaa vimananni nadipina modati chainees vyaktigaa nilichaaru, idhi chaina yokka saadhaarana vimanayana rangamlo mahilala aavirbhavaanni suuchistumdi.
japaanlo, vaanijya prayaaneekula vimaanaalaku modati mahilaa kepten aari fuji, juulai 2010loe jall expressku keptenga egaradam praarambhinchaaru. asea-pasiphik praantam antataa, vimanayana rangamlo paryataka aadhaarita vruddhi paramgaa, pailatla korata undhi, idhi mahilalanu niyaminchukovadaaniki linga pakshapaataanni pakkana pedutondi. vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna vimanayana marketlalo okataina vietnam airlines, vyaktigata demandlanu parishkarinchadaaniki vasyatanu anumatinche vimaana-schedulanu roopondinchindi. adhika sikshana kharchunu bharti cheyadaaniki mahilaa pailatlaku egjet scholarshiplanu andistundi mariyu eevaa air vishwavidyaalaya kaaryakramaala nundi abhyardhulanu churukuga niyaminchindi.
aafrikaalo, sikshana pondina pailatlu chaalaa mandhi madhyaprachyam ledhaa asiaku valasa velataaru, ikkada kereer purogati mariyu marinta adhunaatana soukaryaalu unnaayi. aafrikaalo mahilaa vimaana chodakulanu 2008loe sthaapinchaaru, eee rangamlo mahilala anchanaalu 6 saatam kante gananeeyamgaa takkuvagaa unnanduna, vimanayana parisramalo sikshana pondadaaniki yuvatulanu maarganirdesam cheyadaaniki mariyu prerepinche prayatnamlo. africa antataa graameena vimaanayaanaaniki adhika sthaayi avasaram unnappatikee, vistaranaku maddatu ivvadaaniki taginanta moulika sadupayalu laevu. ravana, vaidya sahayam mariyu policinglo bush pailatlaku sikshana ivvadam dwara attadugu sthaayi prayatnaalu vijayavantamayyaayi. mahilalu tama sonta samajalalo taginanta upaadhi mariyu avakaasaalanu pondagaligite itara praantaalaku vellae avakaasam takkuvagaa unnanduna mahilala sankhyanu penche prayatnaalu jarugutunnaayi. 2016 natiki, vimanayana vruddhi vegam paramgaa modati padhi marketlalo edu aafrikaalo unnaayi. 2022loe, jaaraa rutherford prapanchavyaaptamgaa ontarigaa prayaaninchina athi pinna vayaskuraalaina mahilaa pilate ayyaru.
sexism.
mahilalu tarachugaa purushula maadirigaane tamanu taamu samarthulugaa niroopinchukoovadaaniki kashtapadaalsi vachedi. clair booth loose ilaa vraasaaru, "neenu oka mahilanu kabatti, neenu vijayavantam kaavadaaniki asaadhaarana prayatnaalu cheyali. neenu viphalamaithe, evaruu, 'aame vadda kaavaalsinadi ledhu.'vaaru chebutaaru,' mahilalaku kaavalasinadi ledhu.'" "maargadarsaka vimaana chodakudu, cloude grahame-white, mahilalu vimanam yokka niyantranalanu nirvahinchadaaniki 'swabhaavaparamgaa sariporu' anie bhaavinchaaru".
1929loe jarigina modati jaateeya mahilala air derby samayamlo, eee resulo prayaaninchae mahilalu "vidhvamsaka bedirimpulu mariyu 'jaatini aapali" anae mukhyaamsaalanu edurkonnaru.'vimanayanam pramaadakaramainadigaa pariganinchabadenduna, 1920la chivaralo chaalaa mandhi vimaana tayaareedaarulu mahilalanu ammakapu pratinidhulugaa mariyu vimaana pradarsanakaarulugaa niyaminchaaru. "oka mahila vimanam eguraveyagaligite, adhi nijamgaa antha kashtam ledhaa pramaadakaramainadi kaadu anedi kaaranam."
1986loe, vimanayana pailatla sangham pratinidhi matladutu, aaa samayamlo 747 mandhi keptenlanu boying chestunna iddaru mahilalu matrame undataaniki kaaranam "vimanayanamlo mahilalu saapekshamgaa iteevali drugvishayam mariyu vimanayana parisramalo pratidee seniority dwara jarugutundi". ayithe, 1934loe, helen ritchie vaanijya vimananni nadipina modati mahilagaa avatarinchindi, padhi nelallo aaa udyogaanni vidichipettindi, endukante purushula pilate union aamenu anumatinchaledu mariyu aame arudugaa egaragaligindi.
kaakpitlo purushulu mariyu mahilalu paaneeyaalu mariyu duppatlu andinchadam patla mahilala saampradaaya paatrala patla pakshapaatam antarleenamgaa maarindi, idhi sahodyogulu mariyu samajam yokka vaikharitho pooraadataaniki egaraalanukune mahilalanu balavantam chesindi.
2005loe michel, christivics & vermulen nirvahinchina oka sarvelo chaalaa mandhi mahilaa pailatlaku tama vaipu chuupina sexism gurinchi teliyadani ledhaa neerugaa etuvanti sexismnu anubhavinchaledani kanugonnaru. ayithe, chaalaa mandhi mahilalu dheenini angeekarinchadam kante ekkuva mandhi mahilalu pakshapaataanni anubhavistunnaarani nammutaaru.
taragati gadilo vaividhyam.
charitralo, mahilalu vidya nundi minahaayimpunu edurkonnappatiki, poura yuddham mugimpu anedi purushulatho paatu mahilalanu taragatulaku haajaru kaavadaaniki anumatinchina kotta sakaanni suuchistumdi. iteevala, taragatulaku hajarayye mariyu vidya vyavasthala dwara vellae mahilala raetlu gananeeyamgaa merugupaddayi. 1970loe under graduate vidyaarthulaloo 42.3 saatam mandhi mahilalu unnaaru, eee sankhya 2007loe 56.1 saataaniki perigindi. eee merugudala keelakam, endukante idhi mahilalaku munupennadoo laenamtagaa vidya mariyu sikshanaa kaaryakramaalaku praapyata undani suuchistumdi. sandarbhochitamgaa, mahilalu tama purusha sahacharula maadirigaane avasaramaina vimanayana sikshananu pondavacchu. anduvalla, mahilalu nirdishta udyoga profilenu nirvahinchalekapovadam mariyu nirdishta samarthyalalo pani cheyalekapovadam anae aadharaanni idhi tolagistundi. anduvalla, naipunyaalu mariyu naipunhyam samruddhiga unnanduna, mahilalaku purushulatho samaanamaina avakaasaalu undaali.
vaetana asamaanatalu mariyu vrutti purogati.
purushulu mariyu mahilala madhya vaetana asamaanata vimanayana parisramalo matrame kakunda, purushula kante mahilalaku gananeeyamgaa takkuva vetanam labhinche itara parisramalalo kooda charchaneeyaamsamgaa undhi. oke naipunyaalu, naipunhyam mariyu anubhavam unnappatikee, parisramalo mahilalaku adhe vetanam ledhu. vakra vaetana nirmaanamtho paatu, parisramalo samstha samskruti nirantaram purushulaku vrutti purogati vishayamlo anukuulamgaa undhi. purushulu aneka agrasthanalanu aakraminchinanduna vimanayana parisramalo koddi mandhi mahilalu tama vruttini munduku teesukuvelataaru. mahilalu nicchena diguva nundi paiki ekkadam kashtataramaina samayanni edurkonnaru, ayithe purushulu sajavuga mariyu poraatam lekunda, agra sthaanaalanu sweekarinche mundu kereer nicchena diguva sthaayilalo takkuva samayanni gaduputaaru. iteevali prayatnaalalo, vimanayana kshetra karyakramalalo purushulu mariyu mahilala madhya addankini tagginchadaaniki, aata sthalam kooda marinta samruddhiga maarindi. 60 mandiki paiga volunteerlu naduputunna eah-wing vanti karyakramalu, vimanayana udyoga avakaasaala gurinchi marinta mandhi yuvatulaku neerpinchadam lakshyamgaa pettukundi. vidya saamagrini utpatti cheyadaaniki, matlade mariyu networking avakaasaalanu srushtinchadaaniki mariyu udyoga pradarsanalaku haajaru kaavadaaniki mariyu ekkuva mandhi mahilalanu antariksha rangamloki teesukuraavadaaniki upayoginche viraalaala dwara samsthaku nidhulu samakuurutaayi. 2025 natiki antariksha rangamlo mahilalanu 25 saatam penchadame vaari lakshyam, dheenini vaaru "25 bye 25" anie pilustaaru. vimanayana rangamlo mahilala kereer purogatilo asamaanatalaku sahaayapadataaniki aadhunika samaajamlo ilanti karyakramalu marinta pramukhamgaa maarutunnaayi.
linga parishkaralu.
saanukuula charya.
dhruveekarinche charya mahilalu pailatluga tama vruttini abhivruddhi chesukovadaniki balavantam chesindani munupati adhyayanalu niruupistunnaayi. idhi savaallanu sweekarinchadaaniki mariyu purushula aadhipatya vruttiloki pravesinchadaaniki mahilalanu prerepinchindi. ippativaraku eee chorava vijayavantam ayina taruvaata, asantruptikaramgaa unnappatikee, mahilalu vimanayana parisramalo pravesinchadam sulabhataram cheyadaaniki mariyu agrashreni nirvahana sthaanaalaku kereer nicchenanu paiki teesukelladaaniki dheenini nirantaram amalu cheyadam chaalaa mukhyam. vimanayana parisramalo mahilala prameyaaniki sambandhinchi purushulu tama drukpathaanni marchukunte, vimanayana parisramalo saanukuula vaikhari mariyu samskruti maarpu avasaram.
nidhula chorava.
eee adhyayanamlo trutheeya samsthalaku tution pheejulu vishleshinchabadanappatiki, avasaramaina sikshana mariyu gnaanaanni pondadaaniki gananeeyamaina aardhika pettubadi avasaram. eee tution mariyu sikshanaa rusumulanu tallidandrulu, vidyaarthulu ledhaa runaala dwara chellistaarani vistrutamaina parisoedhanaloo kanugonabadindi. sikshana samayamlo chellinche adhika pheejula sthaayini batti, mariyu vaari vrutti jeevitam praarambhamlo mahilalaku chellinche takkuva aadaayaanni parigananaloki teesukunte, vaaru vaari chaduvulu mariyu sikshanalo prothsahinchadam chaalaa mukhyam. arhatala adhika kharchulu, sambandhita licensula khareedaina swabhaavam mariyu samayam gadipinanduna, chaalaa mandhi vimanayana vidyaarthulu tama chaduvunu nilipivestaaru. anduvalla, deerghakaalamlo linga samaanatvam sadhinchela chuudataaniki vimanayana parisramalo vruttini korukune mahilalaku marinni scholarshiplanu pondaali.
saamskrutika parinaamam.
vaikharulu, moosaposalu mariyu durabhipraayaalu samskrutilo ponduparachabaddaayi mariyu vimanayana parisramalo asamaanatalo mukhyamaina paatra poeshinchaayi. anduvalla, mahilalapai eee vaikharulu mariyu durabhipraayaala prabhavam gurinchi purushulaku avagahana kalpinchadam chaalaa mukhyam. vaari pravartana pailatlanu elaa prabhaavitam chestundo mariyu vimanayana parisramalo samskrutini abhivruddhi cheyadam enduku mukhyam anae daanipai vaariki avagahana kalpinchaali. eee vaikharula prabhavalanu ardham chesukovadam anedi vibhina vimaana sibbandi madhya goppa sambandhaalu mariyu paraspara charyalanu yerparachukovadamlo sahaayapadutundi. gatamlo mahilalu vimanayanamlo vruttiparamaina vruttini konasaginchakunda nirutsaahaparichina antarleena samasyanu parishkarinchadaaniki eee vruttini chepattadaaniki mahilalanu prothsahinchaalsina avasaram undhi.

