
kotta idria paadarasam gani

kotta idria paadarasam gani diablo parvata shrenilo 8,000 ekaraala bhoomini kaligi undhi, idhi californialoni shaan benito kounteelooni idria pattanaanni kaluputundi. praarambhamlo nyuu idria anie paeru pettabadina idria, sagatu samudra mattaniki 2440 adugula (680 mea) ettulo undhi. gatamlo eee praantam us janabha ganana beurolo graameena samajamga namodu cheyabadindi; ayithe, 1970la praarambhamlo okappudu laabhadaayakamaina ganula tavvakam karyakalapalu mugisinappati nundi idria oka deyyam pattanamgaa maarindi.
1990loe, united states environmental protection agency (epa) neelalu, bhoogarbha jalaalu, uparitala neeru mariyu idria gaalilo paadarasam kalushya sthaayini parisoedhimchimdi mariyu maining parisrama sthaanika paryaavaranampai choope prabhaavaaniki sambandhinchinadi. ayithe, kalushyam epa yokka suupar fund sait jaabitaalo ledhaa daani jaateeya praadhaanyatala jaabitaalo jabita cheyagaligenta unnata sthaanamlo ledhu.
marchi 10,2011naa, 2009loe vistarinchina saitto paatu 2002loe saitnu tirigi anchanaa vesina taruvaata, epa chivaraku california yokka suupar fund jaabitaaku idrianu jodinchaalani pratipaadinchindi. paadarasam, bhaarii lohaalu mariyu aamla gani paarudalato paatu, sameepamloni shaan carlos creak, sylver creak mariyu panoche creak yokka kontha bhaagamlo jala jeevulaku mariyu sameepamloni janaabhaaku adhika vishapuurita sthaayilo kanugonabaddayi. eee kalushyam shaan jokewin nadhi mariyu shaan francisco bay varaku vistarinchi unna aavaasaalaku kooda muppu kaligistundani telindi.
charitra.
kotta idria paadarasam gani 1854loe sthaapinchabadindi, 1857loe modati ituka kolimi nirminchabadindi. california goaled rush samayamlo, khanijala nundi bangaaraanni velikiteese keelaka bhaagam paadarasam. idriyaaloni sinnabar-samruddhiga unde raallaloo pradhana bhaagam ayina paadarasam, sameepamloni bangaaru tavvakam mariyu prosessing kaaryakalaapaalaku maddatugaa aardhikamgaa velikiteeyavacchu. idria chivariki uttara americalo rendava atyanta utpaadaka paadarasam ganila maarindi, daani jeevitakaalamlo 38 million poundla paadarasam utpatti chesindi. 1972loe kotta idria quixilver maining companyni moosiveyadamtho paadarasam maining karyakalapalu aagipoyaayi. ayithe, paadarasam tavvakam valla paryaavarana parinaamaalu pattanam vidichipettinappati kante chaalaa mundugaane unnaayi.
bhoogarbha shaastram.
kotta idria surpentine anedi 14 mailla podavu mariyu 4 mailla vedalpu gala podavaina chorabaatlu chese sareeram, dheeni chuttoo aneka maajee vegavantamaina sylver ganulu unnaayi. arcosic isukaraayi thoo kuudina jurassic franciscon nirmaanam, eee surpine chuttoo ledhaa cherikalagaa oka nirantara valayamnu yerparustundi. eee kotta idria gopuram kolinga anticline sikharam vadda bahirgatamavutundi. kotta idria thrust falt eee core yokka eshaanya bhaagam venta undhi, ayithe saadhaarana faults nairuti mariyu paschima sarihaddu venta unnaayi. kotta idria surpentine anedi quixilver khanijeekaranaku mariyu chrysotyle asbestasku muulam. eee raalla plug sarihaddulo 20,000 adugula mandam varaku silty-shale mariyu concretionary isukaraayi kaligi unna eguva cretatius panoche nirmaanam undhi. kotta idria gani utpattilo ekkuva bhaagam faulting dwara niyantrinchabade hydrothermalliga marchabadina shale nundi vachindi. california yokka "quixilver rock" anie piluvabade surpentine nundi utpatti cheyabadina silika-carbonate raallaloo kooda quixilver niksheepaalu sambhavistaayi. sinnabar pradhana khanijam.
praantiiya paadarasam jalaasayam.
kotta idria paadarasam gani chuttoo unna bhoomi prastutam 9.2 ng hg/m2h udgaara pravahanni kaligi undhi, idhi shila pagullu mariyu unit sarihaddulaku parimitam cheyabadina paadarasam mottam kaaranamgaa oohinchina daanikante takkuvagaa undavacchu. vaarshika pravaham samvatsaraaniki sumaru 18 kilolu. idrialo sahaja paadarasam jalaasayaalu unnanduna, ganula tavvakam valla kalige mottam prabhavanni kolavadamlo eee nepathya udgaaraalanu parigananaloki teesukovadam chaalaa mukhyam. anduvalla, maanava karyakalapala valla antaraayam kaliginche praantaalu vaataavaranamloki eee mottam (nepathyamtho sahaa) paadarasam udgaralalo sumaru 15 saatam dohadapadatayani kolustaaru.
okasari vidichipettina taruvaata, kotta idria paadarasam gani kooda paadarasam kaligina assid maine drainejeeni (AMD) shaan carlos creak, sylver creak mariyu panoche creaklo kontha bhaagamloki vidudala chesindi. amd utsarga ganilo diguvaku 50 saatam neetini kaligi undhi mariyu diguva paryaavarana vyavasthalanu bhaareega prabhaavitam chesindi. aaru nelala tadi kaalamlo uparitala neetilo AMD inputlu 24 L/s mariyu aaru nelala podi kaalamlo 5 L/s gaa undevani anchanaa veyabadindi, diguva bhaagamlo filter cheyani mottam paadarasam saandratalu 3400 ng/l (1997loe kolustaaru). prati samvatsaram 1500 graamula paadarasam gani nundi vidudala cheyabadindi.,
nyuu idrialo paadarasam jaateekarana.
paadarasam yokka moodu pradhana vanarulu paarisraamika utsarga, vaataavarana nikshepana mariyu panicheyani bangaaram mariyu paadarasam ganula nundi utsarga. idria, alaage mottam paschima united states, atuvanti maining karyakalapala praabalyam kaaranamgaa paadarasam kalushyam yokka gananeeyamaina muppunu edurkontundi.,
atyanta vishapuuritamaina paadarasam, idrialo vividha roopaallo kanugonabadindih muulaka paadarasam (hechji (0)), akarbana paadarasam (hechji (ii)) mariyu monomethyl paadarasam (chihech3hechji +, dheenini mmhechji anie kooda pilustaaru). mmhechji, oka saktivantamaina neurotoxin, jeevulaku atipedda muppunu kaligistundi. neeti namuunaalanu sekarinchadam dwara kolatalu teesukobaddaayi, veetini taruvaata tinn chloride taggimpu, anhu pratideepaka mariyu challani aaviri anhu pratideepaka spectrometry dwara vislaeshimchaaru. shaan carlos creak antataa paadarasam utsarga mariyu paraspara charya jarugutondani namuunaalu choopinchaayi. assid gani paarudala mariyu gani tilinglu paarudala input nundi 1.2 kii. mea diguvaku atipedda sahakaram kanugonabadindi.
ayithe, paadarasam kevalam sthiramaina perugudalalo kanugonabadaledu; konni praantaalalo, filter cheyani mottam paadarasam yokka paadarasam scavenging jarigindi. vayuvu paadarasam vaataavaranamloki vidudala kaavadamtho karigina paadarasam kooda ajaivika vaataavarana egavetaku guraindi. rendu prakriyalu diguva bhaagamlo kolavabadina paadarasam saandratala nashtaniki kaaranamayyaayi.
prabhavalu mariyu parinaamaalu.
nyuu idria paadarasam ganiki calcination prakriyanu upayoginchindi, indulo sinnabaarnu anichivesi, kalchadam, aapai paadarasam aaviri vidudalanu ghaneebhavinchadam untaayi. eee prakriya nundi migilipoyina khanijalu ledhaa calcinlu itara vyardha raallatho paatu kuppaluga undevi, mottam 0.5 nundi 2 million tannula madhya mariyu 40 ekaraalaku paiga maining groundnu kaligi untaayi.
1970laloe utpatti mugisina taruvaata, bhoogarbha jalaalu chivariki ganilo varadalu vacchi, raathi yokka adhika inumu mariyu sulfur kantentto pratispandinchaayi. idhi kotta idrialo sarvavyaapta assid gani paarudala mariyu aamla draavanaanni srushtinchindi, idhi kalushitamai shaan carlos kreekloki velladaaniki anumatinchabadindi. eee creak pravaahamlo 2,500 adugula calcin tailing piles sameepamlo undatam, paadarasam mariyu aluminium, arsenic, raagi, inumu mariyu jink vanti itara lohalatho neetini kalushitam cheyadam eee samasyanu marinta teevrataram chesindi.
gani sameepamlo kramam tappakunda aakramita abhivruddhi unnappatikee, aniyantrita paarudalato sambandham unna gananeeyamaina paryaavarana aandolana undhi. paadarasam yokka chinna saandrata idria vanti atyanta kalushitamaina praantaalalo jala jeevulu, vishapuurita neeti pravahalu mariyu chuttupakkala paryaavarana vyavasthalaku haani kaligistundi. panoche kreekloni gani nundi diguvaku 20 mailla varaku paadarasam samruddhiga unna neeru, jalajeevulaku vishapuuritamaina sthaayilo kanugonabadindi. shaan carlos, sylver mariyu panoche creak yokka podavulu california redd-legged fragg mariyu steel head trout thoo sahaa aneka antarinchipothunna mariyu antarinchipothunna jaatulaku aavasamga unna praantiiyamgaa pratyaekamaina chittadi naela aavasala gundaa velataayi. eee nadhee vyavastha chivariki shaan jokewin nadiloki, tadanantaram shaan francisco bay, vinoda mariyu vaanijya chepala vaeta praantaalalo pravahistundi.
subhram cheyandi.
paryaavarana parirakshana samstha yokka suupar fund jaabitaalo kotta idria paadarasam ganiki jodinchaalane pratipaadana marchi 2011loe cheyabadindi. vyardhaala pailingla maargam nundi assid gani paarudalanu daari mallinchadaaniki, AMD kosam settling puulnu nirminchadaaniki mariyu shaan carlos kreekloki pailingla kothanu tagginchadaaniki EPA panichesindi. eee charyalu november 2011loe puurtayyaayi, tadupari parisoedhanalu 2013 chivarilo jaragalsi undhi.

