
turf necrotic ring spot

necrotic ring spot anedi matti dwara sankraminche sileendhraala (ophiospharella correy) valla kalige mattigadda yokka saadhaarana vyaadhi, idhi pradhanamgaa muulaalaku sokutundi (4). idhi oka mukhyamaina vyaadhi, endukante idhi park, aata sthalaalu mariyu golph courselalo turfgrass roopaanni naasanam chestundi. necrotic ring spot anedi oka shilindhra vyadhikaarakam valla sambhavistundi, idhi oka ascocorp (6) loe ascosporelanu utpatti chese ascomycete. avi sheethaakaalamlo ledhaa sclerotia vanti edainaa ananukoola paristhitiloo manugada saagistaayi. chaalaa varaku sankramana vasanta ruthuvulo mariyu ushnograta 13 nundi 28 masim (5) unnappudu vastundi. eee vyaadhiki praathamika atidheyulu kentucky bluegrass mariyu vaarshika bluegrass (6) vanti challani-season gaddi. okasari mattigadda "oo" thoo sokinappudu. correy, "idhi mattigadda muulaalu mariyu kireetaalanu champutundi. vyaadhi lakshanaalu chaalaa gurtinchadaginavi endukante avi chanipoyina mattigadda yokka pedda pasupu ring aakarapu patchesga kanipistaayi. vyaadhi nirvahana tarachugaa asoukaryamgaa untundi mariyu bahula niyantranala anuvartanam avasaram. rasayanalu mariyu saamskrutika niyanthranalatho sahaa aneka rakaala niyantranala dwara vyaadhini niyantrinchavacchu.
atidheyulu mariyu lakshanaalu.
turf necrotic ring spot vividha bluegrass mariyu turfgrass jaatulaku, mukhyamgaa challani-season gaddiki sokutundi. eee fungus fesculu mariyu bentgrasslaku kooda sokutundi (11). idhi pacchika bayallu, vaegamgaa perugutunna pacchika bayallu mariyu poralu gala matti unna pacchika bayallalo sarvasaadhaaranam (3). vyadhikaarakam thaan ledhaa pasupu rangulo unna battatala macchala vruttaakaara paachesnu utpatti chestundi (12). eee patches sumaru 5 nundi 10 centimeters vyaasam kaligi untaayi, conny sumaru 1 meater vyaasam varaku perugutaayi. chivariki, vyaadhi sokina mattigadda maraninchinappudu, macchalu godhuma ranguloki marutayi. paach lopala, madhyalo sajeeva gaddi praantaalu undavacchu, eee vyaadhikaarakaaniki prasiddhi chendina kappa-kanti roopaanni srushtistundi. idhi madhyalo unna mattigadda manugada ledhaa aarogyakaramaina gaddi dwara tirigi valasarajyam cheyabadina phalitamgaa undhi (3).
patanam mariyu vasantakaalam vanti challani seasonlalo sankramana sambhavinchinappatikii, lakshanaalu vesavi varaku konasaagavacchu (7). eee vyaadhi vesavi kaalam paatu konasagithe, adhi kanipinche mycelium (11) thoo kireetam mariyu muulaalu nallabadataaniki kaaranam kaavacchu. gatamlo cheppinatlugaa, eee vyaadhi pasupu ledhaa thaan ded gaddi paachesnu srushtinchadam dwara gaddini maarustundi (1). aaku gayalu maroka sambhaavya lakshanam. aaku gayalu tarachugaa shilindhra vyaadhulalo saadhaaranam. bledupai aaku gayalu unte, gayalu parimaanam mariyu aakaram paramgaa asthiramgaa untaayi. gayalu pasupu, thaan ledhaa muduru godhuma (11) vanti vividha rangulalo kooda undavacchu.
vyaadhi chakram.
"ophiospharella correy" anedi sileendhraala filum ayina ascomycotalo sabhyudu. avi sokina mattigadda yokka muulaalu mariyu kireetaalapai erpade flask aakarapu sudothesialo laingika punarutpatti nirmaanamgaa ascosporelanu utpatti chestaayi (6). rogakaarakaalu sclerotiaga ananukuulamaina seasonlalo manugada saagistaayi, ivi mokkala sidhilaalalo nivasinche sanklishta mycelium. saraina paristhitulalo, challani mariyu thematho kuudina vaataavaranamloo, sclerotia molakettutundi mariyu mattigadda yokka muulaalaku sokadam praarambhistundi mariyu mattigadda perugutunna kaalamlo sudothesia ascosporelanu utpatti chestundi. rogakaarakaalu pacchika bayalla kattirimpu vanti gaddi kattirimpu parikaraala dwara vyaapistaayi, endukante avi scalerotianu kaligi unna mokkala sidhilaalanu mosukelataayi (13). adanamgaa, vyaadhi sokina mokka nundi vachhe haife vaerlu mariyu dumpala velupala perige itara sameepamloni mokkalapai daadi chestundi (10). runner haife" anie piluvabade nalla mycelium vyaadhi sokina muulaala uparitalampai perugutundi mariyu vaati chuttoo unna aarogyakaramaina muulaalanu valasarajyam chestundi. haifa appudu muulaalalooki chochukupoyi, muula valkalam lopaliki sokutundi, deenivalla mokka yokka poeshakaalu mariyu matti nundi neetini teesukune saamarthyam taggutundi mariyu chivariki mokkala maranaaniki kaaranamavutundi. vyadhikaarakam yokka alaingika punarutpatti dasha inca kanugonabadaledu mariyu idhi laingika punarutpatti dasanu matrame kaligi untundani bhaavistunnaaru. ophiospherella jaatilo anamorph unnatlu nivedinchabadina ekaika jaathi oo. herpotricha (6).
paryaavaranam.
turf necrotic ring vyaadhikaarakaaniki challani ushnogratalu avasaram. vasanta mariyu saradrutuvu ushnogratalu eee vyaadhikaarakaaniki anuvainavi, endukante avi challaga nundi vecchagaa mariyu tadigaa untaayi. vyaadhikaarakaaniki natrajani takkuvagaa unde neelalu kooda avasaram (2). adhika matti pihech mariyu saraina thema sthaayi vanti amsaalu eee vyaadhi abhivruddhiki keelakam. kabatti eruvulu mariyu neeru traaguta frequency (ledhaa arudugaa) eee vyaadhikaarakaaniki keelakamaina paryaavarana karakalu. ayithe, eee shilindhra vyadhikaarakam perugutunna kaalam daati mariyu vesavi antataa perige avakaasam undhi. "oo. correy "khachitamgaa mandamaina mariyu marinta sanklishtamaina matti porala nundi prayojanam pondutundi. idhi mandapati gaddi porala nundi kooda prayojanam pondutundi (11). sankshiptamgaa cheppalante, eee vyaadhiki atyanta teevratanu andinche paristhitulu challani ushnogratalu, adhika dattamaina gaddi, takkuva kotha etthu mariyu phaladeekaranam yokka tappu anuvartanam mariyu samayam (natrajani content chaalaa takkuvagaa) (11). adhika neeru traagadam kooda vyaadhi perugudalanu prothsahinchavachhu.
nirvahana.
necrotic ring spotnu rasayana mariyu saamskrutika niyantranala dwara nirvahinchavacchu. saamskrutika niyantranalo matti yokka pihech nii 6.0 mariyu 6.2 madhya tagginchadam dwara vyadhikaarakaanni anachiveyadaaniki ammonium sulfate ledhaa itara aamleekarana eruvula vadakam untundi. ekkuva aamla matti "oo" yokka kaaryaacharananu nirutsaahaparustundi. correy "(9) eee sthaayilaku pihechnu tagginchetappudu, takkuva pihechnu bharti cheyadaaniki adanapu manganese anuvartanaalanu chepattaali. prastutaaniki, bluegrass yokka rendu nirodhaka saagulu matrame unnaayi, avi 'rivera' mariyu 'patriot' (9). vaati nirodhakatalo oka bhaagam emitante avi takkuva ushnogrataku sahinchagalavu, endukante gaddi challani ushnogratalalo vyaadhikaarakaaniki ekkuvagaa untundi (8). adanamgaa, neeru traagutanu tagginchadam mariyu baga paarudala cheyabadina neelalaloo mattigaddanu penchadam valana vyaadhi lakshanaalanu tagginchavachhu.
vyadhikaarakaanni niyantrinchadaaniki aneka rakaala sileendhranaashakaalu, fenerimol, propicanazole, michelobutanil mariyu azoxystrobin (8) upayoginchabadataayi. chaaritraatmakamgaa, fenerimol mariyu michelobutanil pradhanamgaa upayoginchabaddaayi (14). vyaadhi sokina pariksha sthalaala antataa paluchana purugumandulanu challina oka adhyayanamlo, vyaadhini 94.6% tagginchadamlo fenerimol atyanta prabhaavavantamgaa unnatlu kanugonabadindi. michelobutanil kooda vyaadhi mottaanni tagginchindi, conny 37.7% (8) dwara matrame. michelobutanil saadhaaranamgaa chaalaa balaheenamgaa panichese demethylation inhibitor (dmi) sileendhranaashakamgaa gurtinchabadindi mariyu fenerimol ikapai mattigadda kosam namodu cheyabadaledu kabatti propicanazole, tebuconazole, metconazole mariyu itarulatoe sahaa aneka itara dmi sileendhranaashakaalu vijayavantamgaa upayoginchabaddaayi. vyadhikaarakaanni niyantrinchadaaniki pyracostrobin mariyu fluexastrobin kooda upayoginchabaddaayi.
praamukhyata.
eee vyadhikaarakam mukhyamainadi endukante idhi inti yajamaanula pacchika bayallu mariyu golph korsulanu kooda prabhaavitam chestundi. idhi paarkulu mariyu vinoda praantaalanu kooda prabhaavitam chestundi. idhi prajalaku mariyu vaari prakruti drushyaalanu aasvaadinche vaari saamardhyaaniki aatamkam kaligistundi kabatti idhi mukhyam. chanipoyina patches kooda vikaramainavi, kabatti vyaadhini niyantrinchadam mariyu vyaapti chendakunda unchadam mukhyam.

