
united stateslo jaathi mariyu aarogyam

samyukta rashtraalalo vividha jaathi mariyu jaathi samuuhaala madhya aneka aarogya asamaanatalanu parisoedhana choopistundi.<reifer paeru = "block-hechaivi/aids"> </reifer> manasika mariyu saareeraka aarogyamlo vividha phalitaalu anni yuu madhya unnaayi.ess. janabha ganana-gurtimpu pondina jaathi samuuhaalu, conny eee thedaalu janyusaastram, saamaajika aardhika karakalu mariyu jaatyahamkaaramto sahaa vividha chaaritraka mariyu prastuta kaarakaala nundi utpannamavutaayi. aneka mandhi aarogya samrakshana nipunulu rogulaku chikitsa chese vidhaanamlo paroksha pakshapaataanni chuuputunnaarani parisoedhanalu niroopinchaayi. nirdishta jaatula samoohaalalo konni vyaadhulu ekkuvagaa untaayi, mariyu ayurdayam kooda samuuhaala vaareegaa maarutuu untundi.
nepathyam.
yuu.ess. jaathi yokka janabha ganana nirvachanam tarachugaa united stateslo biomedical parisoedhanaloo vartinchabadutundi. 2018loe janabha lekkala vibhagam prakaram, jaathi anedi oka nirdishta jaathi samuuhamtoe okari sweeya-gurtimpunu suuchistumdi. beuro kooda daani "jaathi" vadakam oka saamaajika bhavanaga undani, jeeva ledhaa maanavasaastraparamainadi kaadani perkontundi. janabha ganana beuro aidu jaatulanu gurtistundihi nalla ledhaa african american, telupu (european american), asea, sthaanika hawai ledhaa itara pasiphik dveepavaasulu, mariyu american indian ledhaa alaska sthaanikulu. united states marinta vaividhyamgaa maarutunnappatiki, eee janabha ganana vargaalu daadaapu 20 samvatsaraalugaa maaraledu. janabha ganana beuro kooda janabhalo jaatiparamaina vyatyaasaalanu gurtistundi, mariyu idhi oka vyakti hysponic muulaaniki chendinava kaadaa anie jaatini nirvachistundi. eee kaaranamgaa, jaathi daani detaalo hysponic ledhaa laatinogaa kakunda hysponic ledhaa laatinogaa rendu vargaluga vibhajinchabadindi. hysponics yea jaathi ayina anie nivedinchavacchu.
2010 U.ess. janabha ganana prati jaathi mariyu jaathi samuuhamtoe gurtinchina americanla sankhyanu marinta perkontundi; 2010loe, 38.9 millionlu african americanlugaa, 14.6 millionlu asea americanlugaa, 2.9 millionlu american indian ledhaa alaskan sthaanikamgaa mariyu 5.4 millionlu hysponic ledhaa laatinogaa gurtinchabaddaayi.
jaathi mariyu aushadham madhya sambandham yokka kolatalu asampoornamainavi mariyu asthiramainavi. 2000 yuu.ess. janabha ganana nirvachanam jaatini vaidya karakamga prastaavinchae adhyayanala paridhiloo asthiramgaa vartinchabadutundi, idhi vaidyamlo jaathi vargeekarananu anchanaa veyadam marinta kashtataram chestundi. adanamgaa, jaathi yokka samajikamga nirminchina swabhaavam vividha jaathi samuuhaalu anubhavinche vividha aarogya phalitaalanu swaabhaavika jeeva kaarakaalato kakunda saamaajika kaarakaalato anusandhaaninchelaa chestundi.
yuu gurtinchina aidu jaathi samuuhaala madhya aarogya phalitaalalo gananeeyamaina asamaanatalu unnaayi.ess. janabha ganana. eee aarogya asamaanatalu kontavaraku yuu. ess. gurtinchina aidu samoohaalalo vividha sthaayila aadaayam valla sambhavistaayi.ess. janabha ganana. vividha jaathi vargaalato gurtinche vaariki aarogya samrakshana mariyu aarogya samrakshana naanhyathalo kooda gananeeyamaina thedaalu unnaayi.
pakshapaatam mariyu jatyahankaram kooda aarogya phalitaalalo asamaanatalaku dohadam chestaayi. swethajaatheeyulu kaani jaathi samuuhaalu vaidya vyavasthalo pakshapaatam mariyu jaatyahankaaraanni anubhavinchavacchu, eee samuuhaala samrakshanaku praapyata mariyu naanhyatanu prabhaavitam chestundi. adanamgaa, rojuvaaree jeevitamlo anubhavinche jatyahankaram aarogya phalitaalanu prabhaavitam chestundi. jaatyahamkaaramto sambandham unna ottidi oka vyakti yokka saareeraka mariyu manasika aarogyaanni pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitam chestundi mariyu niraasa, aandolana, nidralemi, gunde jabbulu, charma daddurlu mariyu jeernasayaantara samasyalu vanti aarogya samasyalaku dohadam chestundani choopabadindi. vaidyasaastramlo saastriiyamgaa adhyayanam cheyabadina amsamgaa, united states national library off medicine yokka medlars/medline, pub cheyabadina mariyu pub cheyabadina central bibliographic mariyu open access medical journal databasela kosam jatyahankaram yokka vaidya vishaya sheershikala code d063505.
jeevana kaalapu anchanaa.
iravayyava sataabdam maanava jeevitakaalam yokka eguva sarihaddula goppa vistarananu chusindi. sataabdam praarambhamlo, united stateslo sagatu ayurdayam 47 samvatsaraalu. sataabdam chivari natiki, sagatu ayurdayam 70 samvatsaraalaku paiga perigindi, mariyu americanlu 80 samvatsaraalu daate avakaasam asaadhaaranam kaadu. ayithe, U loe deerghaayuvu unnappatikee.ess. janabha gananeeyamgaa perigindi, deerghaayuvulo jaathi asamaanatalu konasagutunnayi. african americanla ayurdayam airopa americanla kante puttukatho aidu nundi edu samvatsaraalu takkuvagaa untundi. 2018 natiki aaa vyatyaasam 3.6 samvatsaraalaku taggindi.
2020 natiki, hysponics jananam samayamlo 78.8 samvatsaraalu, taruvaata hysponic kaani swethajaatheeyulu 77.6 samvatsaraalu mariyu hysponic kaani nallajaateeyulu 71.8 samvatsaraalu ayurdayam kaligi unnaaru.
jaak emm. chesina adhyayanam. guralnic, kenneth sii. land, daan blazer, gerda zii. fillenbaum, mariyu laurence zii. kulam kante vidyaku mottam ayurdayam mariyu churukaina ayurdayam thoo gananeeyamgaa balamaina sambandham undani saakha kanugondi. 65 yella nallajati purushulu tellajati purushula kante takkuva mottam ayurdayam (11.4 samvatsaraalu) mariyu kriyaaseela ayurdayam (10 samvatsaraalu) kaligi undagaa (mottam ayurdayam, 12.6 samvatsaraalu; kriyaaseela ayurdayam, 11.2 samvatsaraalu), vidyanu niyantrinchetappudu aaa thedaalu tagginchabaddaayi. mahilalaku kooda idhe vartinchaleduh 65 samvatsaraala vayassulo, nalupu mariyu telupu mahilalu tellajati mahilalatho samaanamaina ayurdayam kaligi unnaaru. 75 mariyu 85 samvatsaraala vayassulo, nallajati purushulu mariyu nallajati mahilalu iddaroo tama tellati thoti vaari kante gananeeyamgaa ekkuva ayurdayam kaligi unnaaru, vidyaku saripoyetappudu nallajati prayojanam marinta ekkuvagaa untundi.
20va sataabdamloo, united stateslo nallajati mariyu tellajati purushula madhya ayurdayam vyatyaasam taggaledu.
saamaajika aardhika karakalu.
jaathi aarogya asamaanatalalo saamaajika aardhika sthithi (ses) oka dohadapade amsam ayinappatikee, idhi anni vaividhyaalaku kaaranam kaadu. saamaajika aardhika sthithini niyantristunnappudu kooda, aarogyamlo jaathi vibhajanalu konasaagutaayi. udaaharanaku, kalaasaala degreelu kaligina nallajati americanlu unnata paatasaala diplomalu unna tellajati mariyu hysponic americanla kante adhvaannamaina aarogya phalitaalanu kaligi untaaru. gunde jabbula maranaalapai adhyayanalu prati vidya sthaayilo nallajati mariyu tellajati americanla madhya antaraalu unnayani kanugonnayi. iravai samvatsaraalaku paiga jarigina oka rekhansha adhyayanamlo nallajati vaidyulu tella vaidyulatoe poliste hridaya sambandha vyaadhula praabalyam, vyaadhi praarambhinchadam, raktapotu sambhaavyata rettimpu mariyu madhumeham yokka adhika praabalyam kaligi unnaarani kanugonnaru. talli maranaala vishayamlo, kalaasaala pattabhadrulaina nallajati mahilalu garbhadhaarana sambandhita maranaala nishpattulanu kaligi untaaru (prati 100,000 sajeeva jananaalaku garbha sambandhita maranaala sankhya), idhi unnata paatasaala puurti cheyani tellajati mahilala kante 1.6 retlu ekkuva. saamaajika aardhika sthithi mariyu mundugaa unna aarogya paristhithulatho sambandham lekunda nallajati mahilalu tellajati mahilala kante ekkuva prasuuti maranaalu kaligi untaaru.
american journal off preventive medicine" prakaram, vividha jaatulalo aarogya samrakshanhalo jaathi hakku yokka avagahananu pariseelinchadaaniki "behavioural risk phyaaktar system" sarvenu upayoginchi dayta vislaeshanha nirvahinchabadindi. adhika aadaayam mariyu vidya nepathyam unna swethajaatheeyulu vaidya chikitsa pondadamlo avagahana penchaarani mariyu vivaksha taggutundani eee phalitaalu choopinchaayi. nallajaateeyulaku vyatiraekamgaa, swetajaatiiyulatoo poliste avagahanalu puurtigaa vyatiraekam. aarogya sevalanu andinchetappudu saamaajika aardhika (ses) mariyu vidyatho jaathi anedi saanukuula anubandham anie aneka adhyayanalu suuchistunnaayi. prastutam, aarogya samrakshanhalo jaathi hakkula venuka unna bhavananu ardham chesukovadaniki bhavishyat parisoedhanalu jarugutunnaayi.
nirdishta vyaadhulu.
african americanlu, sthaanika americanlu mariyu laatinolu vanti alpasankhyaaka janabhalo aarogya asamaanatalu baga namodu cheyabaddaayi. 1985loe, african american mariyu minority janaabhaaku sambandhinchina aandolana sthithini parishkarinchadaaniki heckler report anie piluvabade oka nivedika vidudala cheyabadindi. eee nivedika daani prabalyanni choopinchina ganaanka daetaanu mariyu eee aarogya equity antaraanni tagginche disagaa charyanu chuudataaniki prayatninchindi. aarogya samasyaku sambandhinchina aaru rangaalanu nivedika gurtinchindihi cancer, hridaya sambandha vyaadhulu mariyu stroke, kaaleya sirrosisku sambandhinchina rasayana aadharapadatam, madhumeham, narahatyalu mariyu pramaadaalu mariyu shishu maranaalu. european americanlu mariyu asea americanlatho polchinappudu, eee minority samuuhaalu deerghakaalika vyaadhulu, adhika maranaalu mariyu paelavamaina aarogya phalitaalanu kaligi untaayi. rendu janabha madhya aarogya samrakshana oke vidhamgaa unte entha mandhi praanaalanu kapadagaligevaro marinta mukhyamgaa gamaninchaali. antey, african americanlu mariyu minority janabha vaari avasaralanu teerchagala aarogya samrakshananu kaligi unnaaru mariyu eee chaalaa avasaramaina maarpunu parishkarinchadaaniki prayatnistunnaaru.
swethajaatheeyula kante alpasankhyaakulu tarachugaa hridaya sambandha vyaadhulu, hechaivi/aids mariyu shishu maranaala raetlu ekkuvagaa kaligi untaaru. yuu.ess. jaathi samuuhaalu vyaadhi sambhavam, vyaadhi teevrata, vyaadhi purogati mariyu chikitsaku pratispandanalo gananeeyamaina sagatu vyatyaasaalanu pradarsinchavacchu.
african americanlu.
charitra.
americaloni nallajaateeyulu mariyu swethajaatheeyula madhya aarogyam mariyu jeevitakaalamlo asamaanatalu eenaatiki chaalaa kaalam kritam unnaayi. chaalaa mandhi african americanlu mariyu minoritylu vyaapti chendadaaniki sambandhinchinavi kaavu, ledhaa sankraminchagala ledhaa sankraminchaleni paristhitulaku haajaru kaaledu. tellajati prajalatho poliste prarambha charitra antataa jarigina aneka sanghatanalu durviniyogam, nirlakshyam mariyu aarogya samrakshana niraakarinchabadatam chuuputaayi. paina perkonna prarambha chikitsa sankramananu penchutundi, vaikalyaaniki daariteestundi ledhaa chivariki maranaaniki daariteestundi, vyaadhi meeda aadharapadi untundi. charitralo jarigina sanghatanalalo okati 1918 naati flue antuvyaadhi. eee virus prapanchavyaaptamgaa mottam 500 millionlatho 675,000 mandiki paiga sokindi. nallajati samajalu samrakshananu tiraskarinchabaddaayi, takkuva shraddhanu pondaayi ledhaa andubaatulo unna chota, aasinchi, nallajati narsula nundi sahayam pondaayi. prastuta samacharam united stateslo minoritylu takkuva ayurdayam kaligi unnaarani mariyu vaari tella sahacharula kante ekkuva sankhyalo aarogya paristhitulanu edurkontunnarani pratibimbistunnappatiki, nallajaateeyula aarogyam ellappuduu namodu cheyabadaledu. sokina, vikalaangulaina ledhaa maraninchina african americanla sankhyanu choopinche khachitamaina sankhyalu andubaatulo laevu; aaa baadhitulaloo chaalaa takkuva mandhi samsthaagata aarogya samrakshana pradaatalu ledhaa agencylanu sampradinchagaliginanduna, recordulu chaalaa takkuvagaa unnaayi. david aarr. villiams mariyu chikvita callins jaathi vargeekaranalu samajikamga nirminchabadinappatiki, ekapakshamgaa unnappatikee, jaathi ippatikee american jeevitamlo vibhajanaku pradhana punaadulaloo okatigaa undani raasaaru. mana charitra antataa aarogyamlo jaathi asamaanatalu vistrutamgaa unnaayi. 2001loe oka patrikalo, villiams mariyu callins kooda vaadinchaaru, idhi ikapai chattabaddhamgaa amalu cheyabadanappatiki, jaathi vibhajana ippatikee aarogyamlo jaathi asamaanatalaku praathamika kaaranaalalo okati, endukante idhi vidya mariyu upaadhi avakaasaalaku praapyatanu parimitam cheyadam dwara saamaajika aardhika sthithini nirnayistundi. jaathi aadhaarita aarogya asamaanatalanu sarididdadaanni pratyaekamgaa parishkarinche rendu aarogya samskaranalu unnayani clayton mariyu byred raasaaru. modati kaalam (1865-1872) friedman beuro chattamtho mudipadi undhi mariyu rendavadi (1965-1975) poura hakkula udyamamlo bhaagamgaa undhi. rendoo nalla aarogya sthithi mariyu phalitampai naatakeeya mariyu saanukuula prabhavalanu chupayi, conny nilipiveyabaddaayi. african-american aarogya sthithi mariyu phalitam nemmadigaa merugupadutunnappatiki, 1980 nundi swetajaatiiyulatoo poliste nalla aarogyam saadhaaranamgaa stabdamgaa ledhaa ksheeninchindi.
african americanlalo aarogya asamaanatalaku tuskeggy adhyayanam maroka pradhana udaaharana. eee adhyayanam nallajaateeyula madhya vaidya chikitsa lekapovadam mariyu vivaksha choopinchindi. parisoedhakulu andukunna avagahana mariyu ghnaanam lekapovadam valla african americanlu clinical trialslo palgonadam kashtamgaa anipistundi.
1932loe, 600 mandhi nallajaateeyulu, 399 mandhi syphilis thoo mariyu 201 mandhi etuvanti vyaadhi lekunda tuskeggy adhyayanamlo palgonnaru. syphilis, raktaheenata mariyu alasatatho sahaa aneka vyaadhulanu vivarinchadaaniki adhyayanamlo upayoginchina padam "chedu raktam" kosam chikitsa pondutunna purushulaku parisoedhakulu vivarinchaaru. vaari prastuta anaarogyaalanu nayam cheyadaaniki oka adhyayanamlo palgontamani parisoedhakulu mariyu aarogya nipunulu purushulaku chepparu. adhyayanamlo palgonna purushulu taruvaata vaaru angeekarinchina prayojanam kosam chikitsa pondadam ledani kanugonnaru. sakshyam lekapovadam, sammati lekapovadam, tappudova pattinche samacharam mariyu vaidya nirlakshyam kaaranamgaa eee adhyayanam class action daavaaku daariteesindi. phalitamgaa, 1972 juulai natiki adhyayanam mugisinappudu, 100 mandiki paiga paalgonevaaru maraninchaaru, 40 mandhi jeevita bhaagaswaamulu nirdhaarana cheyabaddaaru mariyu puttinapudu 19 mandhi pillalaku vyaadhi vyaapinchindi.
oka adhyayanamlo, vaidya nipunulu nallajati rogulu vaari tellajati rogula kante noppiki takkuva avakaasam undani kanugonnaru. nallajati rogula kante tellajati rogulaku merugaina chikitsa mariyu praapyata ivvabadutundi. phalitamgaa, tellajati rogula kante nallajati rogulu vyaadhiki ekkuvagaa guravutaaru.
janabha maarpulu jaathi samuuhaala aarogyampai vistruta prabhavalanu chuuputaayi. 1970luu, 1980luu mariyu 1990laloe samyukta raashtraalaloni nagaralu pradhana saamaajika parivartanalaku lonayyayi. eee maarpulalo mukhyamaina amsaalu nallajati pedarikam yokka sthiramaina raetlu mariyu jaathi vibajananu teevrataram cheyadam, tarachugaa redlining phalitamgaa. aarogya sthithilo nalupu-telupu bhedalapai eee saamaajika saktula prabhavam yokka suuchanalu parisoedhanaa saahityamlo bayatapadatam praarambhinchaayi.
united stateslo vaidya samrakshana vyavasthalanu roopondinchadamlo jaathi nirnayaatmaka paatra pooshinchindi. vibajananu antam cheyadaaniki samakhya prayatnaalu chesinappatiki, vibhajinchabadina aarogya vyavastha konasaagutundi, aarogya samrakshana ippatikee undhi, jaathi asamaanatalanu teevrataram cheyadam mariyu vakreekarinchadam rendintiloonuu vistrutamgaa vaeru cheyabadindi. inca, united stateslo samajikamga, aardhikamgaa mariyu rajakeeyamgaa venukabadina samuuhaalaku aneka vyaadhula pramaadaalu perigayi, chaalaa varaku thedaalaku janyusaastram kakunda paryaavarana karakalu kaaranamani kontamandiki suuchistunnaayi.
jatyahankaram.
aarogyamlo jaathi bhedaalu tarachugaa samaanamaina saamaajika-aardhika sthaayilalo kooda konasaagutaayi. vyaktigata mariyu samsthaagata vivaksha, heenatvam yokka kalamkamtho paatu, aarogyaanni pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitam chestundi. jatyahankaram kooda aarogyaanni aneka vidhaluga neerugaa prabhaavitam chestundi. paedha parisaraallo nivasinchadam, vaidya samrakshanhalo jaathi pakshapaatam, vivaksha anubhavaala ottidi mariyu heenatvam yokka saamaajika kalankaanni angeekarinchadam aarogyaaniki haanikaramaina parinaamaalanu kaliginchavacchu. jatyahankaram anedi united stateslo saamaajika aardhika sthithi (ses) nii nirnayinche keelaka amsam, mariyu ses, aarogyamlo jaathi asamaanatalaku praathamika kaaranam. jaatyahankaara sanghatanala (sre) schedulenu upayoginchi, jaatyahankaara vivaksha yokka tarachudanaanni anchanaa vese 18-amsaala sweeya-nivedika jabita. landrine mariyu elizabeth eah. african americanla jeevitaallo jaatyahankaara vivaksha tarachugaa undani, idhi manasika lakshanaalatoo balamgaa sambandham kaligi undani clonoff kanugonnadu.
african american mahilala jeevitaallo jaatyahankaara sanghatanalapai chesina oka adhyayanamlo jeevitakaala jatyahankaram saareeraka vyaadhi mariyu iteevali saadhaarana jalubu yokka tarachudanam rendinti jeevitakaala charithratho sanukoolamgaa sambandham kaligi undani kanugonnaru. eee sambandhaalu itara chararaasula dwara ekkuvagaa lekkinchabadaledu. aadaayam mariyu vidya vanti janabha chararaasulu jaatyahankaara anubhavaalaku sambandhinchinavi kaavu. jatyahankaram african americanla sreyassuku hanikaram anie phalitaalu suuchistunnaayi. jatyahankaram valla kalige saareeraka ottidi cloude steel, joshuva aaransan mariyu steven spensor adhyayanaalalo "stereotype muppu" anie piliche daanipai namodu cheyabadindi."
kennedy mariyu itarulu. saamuuhika agouravaaniki sambandhinchina rendu charyalu nallajati maranaala (r = 0.53 nundi 0.56), alaage tellajati maranaala (r = 0.08 nundi 0.54) thoo balamgaa sambandham kaligi unnayani kanugonnaru. nallajaateeyulaku sahajamaina saamarthyam ledani namme vaari praabalyamlo 1 saatam perugudala 100,000 mandiki vayassu-sardubaatu chesina nalla maranaala raetu 359.8 perugudalato mudipadi undhi (95 saatam vishwaasa viramam 187.5 nundi 532.1 maranaalu 100,000 kuu). eee dayta, paryaavarana lakshanamgaa koliche jatyahankaram, nallajaateeyulu mariyu swetajaateeyulalo adhika maranaalatoe mudipadi undani suuchistumdi.
americaloni rendu sthaanika prabhutvaalu jatyahankaram prajaarogya atyavasara paristhitini suuchistuu prakatanalu jaarii cheshai milwaukey county, wisconsin executive mae 2019loe, mariyu cleveland city council, juun 2020loe.
1999loe chaalaa mandhi swethajaatheeyulaku jaathi mariyu jaathi aarogya samrakshana naanhyata mariyu soulabhyamnu prabhaavitam cheyavachani teliyadani prinsetton survey parisoedhana sahacharulu kanugonnaru.
aarogya samrakshanhalo asamaanatalu.
aarogya samrakshanhalo asamaanatalapai chaalaa parisoedhanalu jarugutunnaayi. 2003loe institute off medicine oka nivedikanu vidudala chesindi, idhi rakshana vanti saamaajika aardhika kaarakaalanu niyantrinchinappatiki, jaathi mariyu jaathi gananeeyamgaa aarogya samrakshana naanhyathatho mudipadi unnayani choopistundi. konni sandarbhaallo eee asamaanatalu aadaayam mariyu aarogya beema lekapovadam valla, sevalanu pondadaaniki addankigaa untaayi. 19 nundi 64 samvatsaraala vayassu gala hysponic peddalalo daadaapu moodinta rendu vantula (62 saatam) (15 millionla mandhi) gatha samvatsaramlo edho oka samayamlo beema cheyabadaledu, idhi pani chese vayassu gala tella vayaskula (20 saatam) kante moodu retlu ekkuva. pani chese vayassu gala nallajaateeyulalo moodinta oka vanthu mandhi (6 millionlaku paiga prajalu) kooda beema cheyabadaledu ledhaa samvatsaramlo coveragelo antaraanni anubhavinchaaru. nallajaateeyulu vaidya runamtho chaalaa samasyalanu edurkonnaru, 18 nundi 64 samvatsaraala vayassu gala nallajaateeyulalo 31 saatam mandhi gatamlo chellinchaalsina vaidya runaanni nivedinchaaru, verses. 23 saatam swethajaatheeyulu mariyu 24 saatam hysponics.
tellajati mahilalatho poliste, nallajati mahilalu rendu retlu ekkuva mariyu hysponic mahilalu beema cheyabadani avakaasam daadaapu moodu retlu ekkuva. edemaina, 2009loe nirvahinchina oka sarvelo, roogi jaathi vaidyudi suuchimchina vidhananni prabhaavitam chestundo ledho pariseelinchinappudu, adhika raktapotu, hyper collusterolemia mariyu madhumeham kosam soochinche namoonaalalo jaathi thedaalu roogi jaathi aadhaaramgaa nirnayaalanu soochinchadam kakunda itara kaarakaalaku aapaadinchabadi untaayani kanugonnaru. swethajaatheeyulu mariyu african americanla madhya hyper collusterolemia, adhika raktapotu mariyu madhumeham kosam mandulu polchadagina raetlaloo sifaarsu cheyabaddaayi.
aarogya samrakshanhalo asamaanatala itara kesulu vividha jaathi samuuhaalaku vaidya vidhanalu mariyu chikitsalu soochinche vidhaanamlo vyavasthaagata pakshapaataanni pratibimbistaayani vaadinchabadindi. sains mariyu vaidyamlo jaatyahankaara charitra prajalu mariyu samsthalu vaari kaalapu neethi prakaram pravartistaayani mariyu bhavishyattulo nivaarinchaalsina pramaadaala gurinchi heccharistundani raaj bhopal raasaaru.
jaatyahankaaraanni samarthinchadaaniki avasaramaina oohalaku chaalaa aadhunika parisoedhanalu maddatu icchaayani nancy creeger vaadinchaaru. gunde jabbulu, moothrapindaala vaiphalyam, muutraasayam cancer mariyu pneumonia chikitsato sahaa aarogya samrakshanhalo vivarinchaleni asamaanatalaku jatyahankaram dohadam chestundi. eee asamaanatalu aneka adhyayanaalalo namodu cheyabaddaayani raaj bhopal raasaaru. tella americanla kante nallajati americanlu takkuva aarogya samrakshananu pondutaarane sthiramaina mariyu punaraavrutamaina phalitaalu-mukhyamgaa indulo khareedaina kotta saanketikata unna chota-american aarogya samrakshanapai neraropana.
african americanlalo shishu maranaala raetu european americanla kante daadaapu rendu retlu ekkuva, conny, sainyaniki chendina mariyu oke vaidya vyavastha dwara samrakshana pondina eee rendu samuuhaala sabhyulanu pariseelinchina oka adhyayanamlo, vaari shishu maranaala raetlu tappanisarigaa samanamga unnaayi. iteevala united states antataa shishu maranaala raetu gurinchi marinta telusukovadaaniki henry zhe kaijar family foundation, kff oka adhyayananni nirvahinchindi. mottam yaabhai rashtraalanu survey chesaaru. adhyayanamlo upayoginchina jaathi vargaala yokka vividha pampinheelalo, "hysponic kaani telupu, hysponic kaani nalupu, american indian ledhaa alaska sthaanika, asea ledhaa pasiphik dveepavaasulu ledhaa hysponic" unnaayi.
shishu maranaala raetu veyyi sajeeva jananaalaku shishu maranaala sankhya dwara sankalanam cheyabadindi. 2015loe, desavyaaptamgaa sagatuna, united states nivedinchina prakaram, hysponic kaani tellavaariki shishu maranaala raetu nsd antey taginanta dayta lenanduna, hysponic kaani nallajaateeyula raetu 11.3, bharatiya ledhaa alaska sthaanikula raetu 8.3, pasiphik dveepavaasula raetu 4.2, mariyu hysponic sisuvula maranaala raetu sagatuna 5.0 gaa undhi.
mexico nundi iteevala americaku valasa vacchina vaaru american samskrutilo marinta kalisipoyina mexican americanla kante aarogya kolatalapai merugaina suuchikalanu kaligi unnaaru. yuu loe nivasistunna sthaanika americanlalo madhumeham mariyu oobakaayam sarvasaadhaaranam.ess. reservationla velupala nivasinche vaari kante reservationlu. 1990 mariyu 1997 samvatsaraala madhya vyaadhi nirdhaarana cheyabadina sthaanika americanla sankhya 29 saatam perigindi. mahilalu mariyu purushulalo dheeni praabalyam purushula kante mahilalaku diabetes ekkuvagaa undani choopistundi, mukhyamgaa sthaanika american prajala samajalalo.
wisconsin aarogya mariyu kutumba sevala vibhagam nundi vacchina oka nivedika prakaram nallajati mahilalu rommu cancertho chanipoye avakaasam ekkuvagaa undagaa, tellajati mahilalaku rommu cancer unnatlu nirdhaarana ayye avakaasam ekkuvagaa undhi. rooga nirdhaarana tarvaata kooda, tellajati mahilalatho poliste nallajati mahilalaku chikitsa pondhe avakaasam takkuvagaa untundi. wisconsin vishwavidyaalayam african-american studies professor maikhel tharnton matladutu, nivedika phalitaalu jatyahankaram netikee undani chuupistunnaayi. "aasupatrulu mariyu vaidyula karyalayalalo evarinainaa teevramgaa pariganiste vaaru jaathi mariyu lingaaniki sambandhinchinavaarani soochinche parisoedhanalu chaalaa unnaayi" anie tharnton chepparu. "idhi chaalaa mandhi nallajati mahilalu konni anaarogyaala kosam vellinappudu tellajati mahilalatho poliste teevramgaa pariganinchabade avakaasam takkuvagaa untundi anae vaastavaaniki sambandhinchinadi."
jaathi anedi jeevasambandhamainadi kaadu, saamaajikamaina nirmaanamani perugutunna prasamsalanu batti, kontamandi epidemiologistlu adhyayanalu "jaathi" paie daetaanu tolaginchi, badulugaa merugaina saamaajika aardhika daetaanu sekarinchaalani pratipaadistunnaarani creeger raasaaru. jaathi vivaksha yokka aardhika mariyu aardhika amsaalu elaa sakaram cheyabadataayi mariyu jeevitaantam aarogyaaniki haani kaligistaayi anae daanipai perugutunna aadhaaraalanu eee suuchana vismaristundani creeger raasaaru. gilbert sii. zee yokka adhyayanam "samsthaagata mariyu vyaktigata jaathi vivaksha mariyu aarogya sthithi madhya sambandham yokka bahulasthayi vislaeshanha" anedi oka jaathi samuuhamlooni sabhyulalo vyaktigata (sweeya-grahinchina) mariyu samsthaagata (vibhajana mariyu redlining) jaathi vivaksha paelavamaina aarogya sthithitho mudipadi undani kanugondi.
2020 covid mahammarilo, itara jaathi samuuhaalatoe poliste african american communitylalo covid maranaala sankhyalo asamaanamaina raetu united statesloni konni praantaallo pradarsinchabadindi. covid mariyu aids vanti aneka kesulu ekkuva mandhi african americanlu aarogya samrakshana antar drushti mariyu vaari hakkulanu parirakshinchaalsina prabhutvampai nammakanni kolpovadaniki daariteesaayi. covid valla teevramgaa debbatinna atuvanti communitylaku milwaukey county aneka udaaharanalalo okati. covid maranaalalo naaluginta moodu vantula mandhi african americanle. african americanla adhika saatam unna pradhana janabha kaligina nagaraalloni aneka praantaalaku idhi oka saadhaarana karakamga undhi.
jaathi aadhaarita rooga nirdhaaranalu.
jaathi samuuhaalu, mukhyamgaa minority samuuhaalu, vaidya chikitsa avasaramainappudu tarachugaa vividha rakaala addamkulaku guravutaayi. aarogya sevalaku asamaana praapyata, saamskrutika sunnitatvam lekapovadam, sevala yokka vibhina naanhyata, atuvanti sevalaku praapyata yokka samayapalana mariyu aarogya samrakshana vyavasthalalo saadhaarana vivakshato sahaa eee addamkulalo konnintini prapancha aarogya samstha gurtinchindi. konni jaathi samuuhaalu itara jaatulugaa sweeya-gurtimpu pondina vaati kante vividha rakaala chikitsalu, rooga nirdhaaranalu mariyu prescription mandulanu pondavacchu. eee thedaalu saadhaaranamgaa vaidya calculatorlalo diddubaatu karakalu, saamaajika asamaanatalalo paatukupoyina chararaasulanu lekkinchaleni algorithamlu mariyu nirdishta jaathi janabha kosam roopondinchina aushadhaalato mudipadi untaayi. biddle anedi nallajaateeyulalo raktaprasarana gunde vaiphalyaaniki chikitsa cheyadaaniki upayoginche aushadham. aahara mariyu aushadha paripalana modatlo aushadham yokka darakhaastulanu tiraskarinchindi, endukante vaari clinical trials african americanlu minaha united statesloni saadhaarana jaathi janaabhaaku etuvanti saamarthyaanni pradarsinchaledu. biddle tayaareedaaru nitromed, appudu african americanlanu matrame namodu chesina clinical trialnu puurti chesindi. eee pratyeka samuuhaaniki maranaala raetu tagginatlu vaaru kanugonnaru mariyu 2005loe, eff. dii. eah. nallajati rogulaku pratyaekamgaa eee aushadhaanni upayoginchadaaniki aamodam telipindi. idhi ippatikee adhe nibandhanatho upayogamlo undhi.
vaidya samaajamlo kondaru bidilnu "jaathi aushadham" gaa pariganinchaaru. rooga nirdhaarana mariyu prescriptions cheyadamlo jaathi nammadagina karakamga untundaa anae charcha nundi edurudebbalu talettutaayi. daani vadakanni vyatirekinche vaaru daani prescription prakriya asaastreeyamainadigaa nammutaaru. biddle jaatiparamaina vidhaanaaniki sambandhinchi, sheldon krimsky ilaa vraasaaru, "'sweeya-gurtinchabadina jaathi' anedi oka aatmaasraya padam, idhi saamskrutika kaarakaalache prabhaavitamaindi, mariyu puurveekula janyusaastramlo kooda aadhaarapadaledu."
ziyad obermayer emm.dii., modalainavi. rogulaku marinta samrakshana avasaramani nirnayinche oka nirdishta algorithm, nallajaateeyula kante tellajati prajalaku adanapu vaidya samrakshananu anukuulamgaa undani kanugonnaru. eee vislaeshanha eee nirdishta jaatulache ayye sagatu aarogya kharchulaku sambandhinchina dayta aadhaaramgaa roopondinchabadindi. adhe vyaasam, "algorithm aarogya kharchulanu aarogya avasaralaku parokshamgaa upayoginchadam valla pakshapaatam sambhavistundi" anae vaadananu munduku testundi, endukante african americanlu united stateslo asamaana pedarika sthaayilanu edurkontunnarani mariyu tella rogula kante aarogya samrakshana kosam takkuva kharchu cheyavalasi vastundi. eee pakshapaatam valla algorithm nallajati rogulu saadhaaranamgaa tellajati rogula kante aarogyamgaa untaarani kanugonadaaniki kaaranamaindi mariyu atuvanti sandarbhaallo nallajati rogulaku adanapu samrakshana avasaram ledani algorithm dwara oka nirdhaarana srushtinchabadindi.
anchanaa vesina glomerular vadapotha raetu (ii. zii. eff. aarr) anedi roogi moothrapindaala paniteeru yokka score chesina kolata. okasari kolichina tarvaata, aarogya samrakshana pradaatalu icchina rogilo moothrapindaala vadapotha saamarthyam yokka naanhyatanu nirnayinchadaaniki pareeksha skornu upayoginchavacchu. oka adhyayanam prakaram daa. darsali vyaas, mariyu itarulu., ii. zii. eff. aarr. kosam sameekaranam nallajati rogulaku adhika skorunu <ii. dii. 1> karakam dwara nivedistundi, dheeni praamaanikatanu adhyayanam yokka rachayitalu anumaanistunnaaru. algorithm yokka developerlu phalitaalaku maddatu icchaaru, nallajaateeyulaku adhika creatinine sthaayilu unnayani paerkonnaaru, idhi egfr lekkalalo oka rahasya chararashi kaavacchu. vyaas eee aalochananu khandistu, "eee anveshanaku ivvabadina vivaranalalo nallajaateeyulu tama raktamloki ekkuva creatininnu vidudala chestaarane bhavana undhi, endukante vaaru ekkuva kandaraalu kaligi untaarani nivedinchabadindi."vaastavaaniki, eee saadhaaraneekarana alaa kakapovachhu mariyu atuvanti diddubaatu kaarakaalanu edurkone minoritylaku hanikaram kaavacchu.
adevidhamgaa, sijerian vibhagam (vbac) vaidya calculator tarvaata yoni jananam anedi roogi appatike sijerian vibhagam dwara janminchinatlayithe, yoni jananam vijayavantamgaa puurti chese sambhaavyatanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi. eee calculatorlo saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche jaathi aadhaaramgaa diddubaatu karakalu unnaayi; sweeya-nivedinchabadina african american rogula phalitaalu 0.671 kaarakamtho guninchabadataayi. vbac calculator, december 2021 natiki, khachitamainadi kaani "samajikamga nirminchina chararaasulanu" vismarinche prayojanamtho jaathi mariyu jaatini tolaginchadaaniki, prasuuti-pindam vaidya unitla network dwara marchabade prakriyaloo undhi.
manasika aarogyam.
ottidi aneka vyaktigata karakalu ledhaa anubhavaala nundi udbhavinchavacchu, aarogyampai bahula prabhavalanu kaligi untundi. ottidi deerghakaalika vyaadhulatoe kooda mudipadi untundi. jatyahankaram nundi utpannamayye ottidi nirdishta sandarbhochita kaarakaalanu kaligi untundi, idhi african-americanlu mariyu vivakshaku guraina itara janabha samuuhaalaku rojuvaaree bharanni jodistundi. eee janabha samuuhaalu eee ottillu vaari manasika aarogya sthithiki dohadam chestayani tarachugaa grahinchavu. prajala samuuhaalu kooda maroka vyakti dwara jaatyahankaara bahya charyalugaa kakunda, vidya, aardhikasaastram, nyaya vyavastha mariyu ekkuvagaa chatta amalu dwara prabhaavitamavutaayi. jaatyahankaara aadarsaalanu kaligi unna vyaktulu sweeya-kendrikarana, saanubhooti choopalekapovadam mariyu vaaru vivaksha chuuputunna vyaktula samuuhaalapai matibhramam vanti manasika aarogya samasyalanu kooda kaligi unde avakaasam undhi. vyaktulu jaathi samuuhaalu mariyu jaatula gurinchi sanklishtatalanu abhivruddhi cheyavachu, prajala gurinchi telusukokunda bhavodvegalanu svayamchaalakamgaa pradarsinchavacchu mariyu vaariki anni snehaanni nilipivestaaru.
african americanlu manasika aarogya sevalanu pondadaaniki sambandhaalalo aneka addamkulu unnaayi. eee addamkulu kutumba gatiseelata, samsthaagata jatyahankaram, saamaajika aardhika sthithi mariyu aneka itara kaaranaala nundi undavacchu. samarthavanthamaina chikitsa nundi prayojanam pondagala manasika aarogya sevalu avasaramaina african americanlaku idhi pratyaekamgaa vartistundi. aneka manasika rugmatalaku samarthavanthamaina chikitsa undhi, idhi manasika aarogya sevala (mhchs) avasaranni suuchistumdi, edainaa chikitsanu pondutundi. hysponic kaani swethajaatheeyula kante african americanlalo eee takkuva viniyogam ekkuvagaa kanipistundi (villatoro & anitionsel, 2014). african americanlalo manasika aarogya sevala viniyogam lekapovadam gurinchi cheppadaniki edho undhi. african american communitylalo manasika aarogya viniyoga sthithiki aneka vivaranalu unnaayi. chaalaa mandhi african americanlu manasika aarogya sevalanu andukokapoyina, sevalanu sweekarinche vaaru vaariki mariyu nallajaateeyulu kaani salahaadaarulaku madhya unna samsthaagata pakshapaatam dwara pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitamavutaaru. chikitsa korukune 47 mandhi vaidyulu mariyu 129 mandhi african americanlapy chesina adhyayanamlo, african americanlu tama nallajati-kaani chikitsakula gurinchi aarogyakaramaina saamskrutika matibhramaanni kaligi untaarani parisoedhakulu kanugonnaru. vaaritho interviewlu okesari nallajati rogulu nimagnamai, soukaryam yokka bhaavaala kosam encounternu "skaan" chesinatlu kanugonnaru; vyaktigata samacharanni bahirgatam cheyadamlo bhadrata; provider patla nammakamgaa undatam; mariyu provider dwara vinabadatam, ardham chesukovadam mariyu gowravinchabadatam. kontamandi rogulaku, prarambha encounter gurinchi teerpulu vaidya nipunatvam ledhaa provider yokka anubhavamtho takkuva sambandham kaligi unnatlu anipistundi mariyu saanubhooti yokka avagahana mariyu iddaru vyaktula madhya paraspara sambandham yokka naanhyathatho ekkuva sambandham kaligi untaayi (earl, alegria, mendieta, & diaz linhart, 2011). african americanlaku chikitsa phalitaalanu meruguparachadaaniki, nallajati chikitsakulu kaani vaaru saamskrutikamgaa samarthulu kavadam atyavasaram. manasika aarogya vaidyula saamskrutika saamarthyaanni penchadam vaidyulu mariyu vaari khaataadaarula madhya saanubhootigala sambandhaanni pempondinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi.
adanamgaa, african americanlu nivasinche saamaajika vaataavaranam vaari manasika aarogyamlo paatra poeshistumdi. idhi african americanlaku sambandhinchinadi kabatti, vaaru unna prapancham nundi swatantramgaa vaaritho vyavaharinchadam saripodu. manasika aarogya vaidyulu tama african american khaataadaarulanu vaaru edurkontunna vaataavaranaala sandarbhamlo chuudataaniki prayatninchaali. eee saamaajika karakalu african american clientnu elaa prabhaavitam chestayo vaidyudu mariyu client iddaroo pariseelinchi, puurtigaa proses cheyali. saamaajika karakalu vyaktigata aalochana mariyu pravartananu elaa prabhaavitam chestayane daani pariseelana african americanlaku mukhyamgaa keelakam. african americanlu mariyu manasika aarogyam vishayaniki vasthe saamaajika paryaavarana nirmaanaalu, manasika-saamaajika madhyavartulu mariyu saamaajika-janabha ganana anevi parigananaloki teesukovalasina amsaalu. prapanchamlooni nallati rangutho elaa sankarshana chendutundo kramabaddhamgaa savarinche lakshyamtho paryaavarana vidhanalu, african americanlu ottiditoe kuudina, niraasatoe kuudina mariyu jaathi vivakshaga bhaavinche jeevita anubhavalu, african americanlalo manasika aarogyampai goppa prabhavanni chuupavachchu mariyu african americanla (maama, lii, bassen-encuvist, lii, thampson, vetter, nguen, reitzel, & mcneil, 2015) samagra sreyassulo adanapu merugudalalaku daariteeyavachchu. udaaharanaku, african american samajalanu prabhaavitam chese aneka saamaajika samasyalanu parishkarinche jaateeya mariyu attadugu sthaayilo samsthaagata prayatnaalu undaali. mukhyamgaa, vaari jeevita phalitaalanu merugupariche karyakramalu. maroe maatalo cheppalante, chikitsalo nimagnamaina african american clientla kosam nyaayavaadulu undaali, mariyu aaa nyaayavaadulu vaari chikitsa sessionla velupala vaaru nivasistunna prapanchaaniki vistarinchaali.
african american millennial yokka manasika aarogyam kooda upaadhi dorakakapovadam valla aandolanalanu levanettindi. iravai mariyu iravai naalugu samvatsaraala madhya vayassu gala african american purushulu adhyayanam cheyabaddaaru mariyu vaari tella sahacharula kante daadaapu rettimpu retutho nirudyogaanni anubhavistunnatlu kanugonabadindi. manasika samasyalu madyam mariyu dhumapanam vanti vyasanala roopamlo pradarsinchabadataayi. depression paristhitulu kooda nivedinchabaddaayi. linga pramaanam yokka saamaajika ottidi african american purushulaku manasika aarogya samasyalaku daariteese oka amsam.
talli mariyu pillala aarogyam.
african american mahilalu tellajati mahilala kante prasava samayamlo chanipoye avakaasam moodu nundi naalugu retlu ekkuva, ayithe vidya, aadaayam mariyu aarogyam vanti aneka kaaranaala valla niyantrinchabadinappatiki, vaari pillalu tellajati pillala kante chanipoye avakaasam rendu retlu ekkuva. tellajati jatyahankaram" anedi samajalalo asaantiki atyadhika kaaranam anie, vaarini marinta vaerugaa nettivesi, daani kaaranamgaa ekkuva mandhi nallajati mahilalu mariyu sisuvulu chanipovadaniki kaaranamavutundani daniel soloman vaadinchaaru. jatyahankaram anedi janmanivvagalagadam ledhaa prastutam mosukelladam vishayamlo nallajati mahila jeevitamlooni aneka bhaagaalanu prabhaavitam chestundi. aarogya samrakshana mariyu saamaajika seva pampinheelo kanipinche jatyahankaram antey tellajati mahilalatho poliste nallajati mahilalu tarachugaa takkuva pramaanaala samrakshananu pondutaaru. alaage, noppini bharinchinappudu sahayam korukune nallajati mahilalaku samrakshananu niraakarinchadam ledhaa aarogya samrakshana mariyu saamaajika seva pradaatalu vaari sreyassu vishayaniki vasthe vaarini gouravamgaa mariyu gouravamgaa pariganinchadamlo viphalamavutaaru. african american mahilalu tellajati mahilala kante ekkuva avakaasaalanu edurkontaaru, idhi paedha parisaraallo nivasinchadam ledhaa vivakshanu edurkovadam valla kalige deerghakaalika ottidini kaligi untundi. saamaajika asamaanatalu mariyu pakshapaatam phalitamgaa eee ponduparachabadina ottillu pratikuula janana phalitaalalo antarleena aarogya asamaanatalanu ekkuvagaa vivarinchagalavu. prasavapurva ottidi yokka prabhavalanu pariseelinchae adhyayanalu parimitam ayinappatikee, konni kaaranaala valla, adhika sthaayi ottidi ledhaa aandolana yokka parinaamaalaku aadharalu maddatu istayi. mahilalu perigina ottidi ledhaa aandolana kaaranamgaa takkuva baruvutho ledhaa akaala sisuvulanu janmanistaarani, inca ekkuvagaa saamaajika maddatu lekapovadamtho anie chebutaaru. aaa taruvaata, garbhadhaarana samayamlo talli ottidi kaaranamgaa navjata sisuvulu ituvanti paelavamaina saareeraka abhivruddhiki gurayye avakaasam untundi. ilaa cheppabadutunnanduna, jatyahankaram nundi vachhe ottidi manasika mariyu saareeraka sreyassunu prabhaavitam cheyadame kakunda, nallajati sisuvulanu bhavishyat saadhanaku pratikuulamgaa unchutundi.
gatha sataabdamloo vidyalo jatyahankaram gananeeyamgaa taggindi, ayithe idhi nallajaateeyula aadaayaanni penchadaaniki sahaayapadadu, mariyu perigina aadaayaalu merugaina aarogya avakaasaalanu andinchavu, mukhyamgaa tallulu mariyu sisuvulaku. nallajati tallulaku unnata vidya mariyu aadaaya sthaayilu eee maranaala retunu prabhaavitam cheyavu. puttuka samayamlo samasya talette avakaasaalu kooda ekkuvagaa untaayi. eee raetla 'vishapuuritam' jatyahankaram anie solaman vaadinchaaru, idhi alpasankhyaaka samuuhaalu aarogyaanni prabhaavitam chese bahula ottillatho jeevinchadaaniki vishapuurita vaataavaranaanni srushtinchindi.
2012loe, takkuva aadaaya nallajati pillalalo oobakaayam pramaada kaarakaalanu nirnayinchadaaniki puttinappati nundi 5 samvatsaraala vayassu varaku vaari pillalanu anusarinchina prarambha garbhadhaarana mahilalapai oka adhyayanam nirvahinchabadindi. ayithe, adhika baruvu mariyu oobakaayam unna tallula pillalu 5 samvatsaraala vayassulo oobakaayam ledhaa adhika baruvu perige avakaasam undani adhyayanam choopinchindi.ess. department off health und human services office off minority, "african american mahilalu united statesloni itara samuuhaalatoe poliste oobakaayam ledhaa adhika baruvu kaligi undatam atyadhika raetlu kaligi unnaaru.
hridaya sambandha vyaadhulu.
saareeraka karyakalapalapai jatyahankaram ledhaa vivakshato edurayye prabhavanni parisoedhana anveshinchindi. chaalaa parisoedhanalu neurotisism, balamaina jaathi gurtimpu ledhaa satrutvam vanti atisayokti pratispandanalanu kaliginche lakshanaalapai drushti saarinchaayi. adhika raktapotu sthaayilu jaatyahankaara mariyu vivakshata sanghatanalanu takkuvagaa choopinchani dhoranitho mudipadi unnayani ledhaa anyaayamaina paristhitulanu neerugaa parishkarinchadam ledhaa savaalu cheyadam raktapotunu taggistundani aneka adhyayanalu suuchistunnaayi. jaatyahankaara pravartanala vyaktigata anubhavalu ottidi mariyu raktapotunu penchutaayi.
sambandham jatyahankaram mariyu aarogyam aspashtamgaa unnappatikee mariyu phalitaalu asthiramgaa unnappatikee, hridayanaala nashtam kosam moodu sambhaavya vidhanalu gurtinchabaddaayih
U prakaram.ess. department off health und human services office off minority health, 2018loe, hysponic kaani swethajaatheeyula kante african americanlu gunde jabbulatho chanipoye avakaasam 30 saatam ekkuva.
algimers vyaadhi.
algimers vyaadhi (AD) anedi pragatiseela, tirigi maarchaleni neurodegenerative vyaadhi mariyu idhi chittavaikalyaaniki pradhana kaaranam. african americanlu algimers vyaadhi dwara asamanamga prabhaavitamavutunnaaru, mottam sagatu kante african americanlalo adhika praabalyam mariyu sambhavam undhi. algimers vyaadhi kosam janyusaastram oka bhaarii pramaada karakam, conny eee vyaadhiki telisina adhika-pramaada janyuvulu itara jaathi samuuhaalatoe poliste african americanlalo ververu prabhava parimaanaalanu kaligi untaayi.
adhika raktapotu mariyu madhumeham vanti algimers pramaada karakalu african american samajalalo ekkuvagaa unnaayi. anduvalla algimers vyaadhi americaloni nallajati samajalanu asamanamga prabhaavitam chestundi. algimers impact udyamam anedi algimers mariyu chittavaikalyam unnavaari samrakshananu munduku teesukelladaaniki prayatninche oka sangham. 2020loe washington hights-inwood columbia aging project algimers vyaadhi ledhaa itara rakaala chittavaikalyamtho 65 ledhaa anthakante ekkuva vayassu unna vyaktula saataalapai daetaanu sekarinchindi. prati janabha vayassu 65-74,75-84, mariyu 85 + kuu, algimers unna african americanla nishpatti aaa vayassu samoohaalalo tella vyaktula nishpatti kante rendu retlu ekkuva. african americanlaku algimers vachhe avakaasam ekkuvagaa unnappatikee, vaaru vaari paristhitiki rooga nirdhaarananu pondhe avakaasam 34 saatam matrame ekkuva. rooga nirdhaarana cheyabadithe, vyaadhi marinta ksheeninchina ghnaanamtho ippatike taruvaati dasalugaa abhivruddhi chendadam vilakshanamainadi. phalitamgaa, african americanlu aarogya sevala kosam gananeeyamgaa ekkuva chellistaaru. 2014loe african americanlaku, algimers unna tellajati vyaktula kante sagatu vyakti vaidya chellimpu 35 saatam ekkuvagaa undani kanugonabadindi. 2018loe chikago health und aging project nirvahinchina maroe adhyayanamlo algimers vyaadhi vachhe pramaadam vidyalo asamaanatala valla undavacchani kanugonnaru. adhyayanam nundi vacchina phalitaalu ghnaanam ksheenata mariyu ghnaanam mariyu chittavaikalyam pramaadaaniki madhya vairudhyaanni varnistaayi. eee phalitaalu vaati jeevitakaalamlo abhivruddhi chendina abhignaa nilvalu lekapovadam gurinchi pratibimbimchavachchu. jaatyahamkaaraaniki gurikavadam, vanarulaku praapyata mariyu neurotoxinlaku gurikavadam paryavasanamga paelavamaina abhignaa paniteeruku daariteestaayi mariyu asamanamga chittavaikalyaanni abhivruddhi chestaayi.
jaatyahankaara bhayam.
vaastava jatyahankaram aarogyaaniki haani kaligistune unnappatikee, chaaritraka puurvagaamula kaaranamgaa jatyahankaram bhayam, minority janabha vaidya sahayam korakunda undataaniki kaaranamavutundani vaadinchabadindi. udaaharanaku, 2003 adhyayanam prakaram, prativaadulu pedda saatam mandhi punarutpatti aarogya rangamlo african american mahilalanu lakshyamgaa chesukuni vivakshanu grahinchaaru. adevidhamgaa "kandomla vadakanni prothsahinchadam dwara nallajati janabhanu parimitam cheyadaaniki prabhutvam prayatnistondi" vanti nammakalu kooda hechaivi/aids vyaaptini nivaarinche prayatnaala patla swethajaatheeyulu mariyu nallajaateeyula vibhina vaikhariki saadhyamayye vivaranalugaa adhyayanam cheyabaddaayi.
gatamlo nijamaina jaatyahamkaaraaniki aprasiddha udaaharanalu, tuskeggy syphilis adhyayanam (1932-1972) vantivi, prajaarogya prayatnaala patla nallajati samaajamlo vishwaasa sthaayini debbateesaayi. tuskeggy adhyayanam uddeshapoorvakamgaa syphilis vyaadhi nirdhaarana ayina nallajati purushulanu 40 samvatsaraala paatu chikitsa cheyakunda vadilivesindi. idhi vaidya charitralo maanavulapai sudeerghamaina naan-therapeutic prayogam. aids antuvyaadhi prajaarogya vyavastha patla nallajaateeyula chattabaddhamaina asantruptiki chaaritraka chihnamgaa tuskeggy adhyayananni bahirgatam chesindi. aids anedi oka rakamaina maranahomam anae tappudu nammakam nijamaina jatyahankaram yokka iteevali anubhavaalalo paatukupoyindi. eee siddhaantaalu nallajati samajalalo prabhutvam maadakadravyaala durviniyogaanni prothsahistundane nammakam nundi hechaivi anedi jaathi yuddhaaniki maanava nirmita ayudham anae nammakam varaku untaayi. gatamlo jatyahankaram gurinchi bahirangamgaa mariyu nijaayiteegaa sambhaashanhalu nammakanni punarnirminchadaaniki mariyu eee samaajaalloni prajala aarogyaanni meruguparachadaaniki sahaayapadataayani prajaarogya parisoedhakulu bhaavistunnaaru. 2001loe national medical association journal eee bhayam african american communityloni vaaru clinical trialsnu nivaarinchadaaniki kaaranamavutundani teelchindi. paalgonevaarini rakshinchadaaniki eee trials ippudu erpaatu cheyabadinappatiki, nallajati samajalu jagrattagaa untaayi. eee pareekshalu lekunda mandulu telupu mariyu rangu vyaktulanu oke vidhamgaa prabhaavitam chestayo ledho telusukovadam asadhyam kabatti dheeniki daani pratikuulatalu kooda unnaayi. gatha vaidya durviniyogam apanammakaaniki daariteesindi, idhi nallajati samaajaaniki avasaramaina aushadhaanni srushtinchadam marinta kashtataram chestundi. nallajati samaajaalaku andubaatulo unna vanarulu mariyu aarogya samrakshana koratanu konasaginchadam. vaidya abhivruddhi kosam nalla sariiraalapai prayogaalu mariyu durviniyogam sudeerghamaina mariyu nammadagani charitranu kaligi undhi. tuskeggy prayogam anedi baga telisina prayogaalalo okati, ikkada syphilis unna nallajati purushulanu chikitsa cheyakunda vadilesi, chikitsa cheyakunda vadilesinappudu vyaadhi yokka sahaja gathi gurinchi vaidyula utsukatanu tagginchadaaniki chikitsa cheyakunda vadilesaaru. chaalaa mandhi purushulaku vaari adhyayanam "chedu raktaaniki" sambandhinchinadani, antaku minchi aemee ledani cheppabadindi. vaidyulu eee vyaktulanu bayati sahayam korakunda, raktam dra, vennemuka kulaayilu mariyu shavapareekshalu chesetappudu nirodhistaaru. tuskeggy prayogaalu aarogya samrakshanapai nammakamtho taraala parinaamaalanu kaligi unnaayi. prayogamlo unna purushulaku prabhutvam syphilis vairasnu inject chesindani nallajati samaajamlo chaalaa mandhi nammutaaru. idhi vaastavamgaa niroopinchabadanappatiki, samaajamlo pukaarlu chalakalamga unna apanammakanni srushtinchadaaniki saripoyayi. driving licenspy avayava daatagaa undataaniki angeekarinchadaaniki kooda idhe vartistundi. chaalaa mandhi african americanlu ventane vaddu anie chebutaaru, endukante vaari avayavalu durviniyogam cheyabadatayani nammakam undhi.
rangu prajala patla teesukunna aneka himsaatmaka mariyu amaanaveeya charyalu yuu. ess looni african americanlu elaa unnaro roopondinchaayi.aarogya samrakshananu chudandi. mississippi appendectomylo vesikovaginal fistulas chikitsaku aneka mandhi nalla baanisalanu pareeksha vishayalugaa upayoginchaaru, eee prayogaanni doctor nirvahinchaaru. james marian sims. daa. thana vruttini munduku teesukelladaaniki nallajati mahilalapai amaanaveeya prayogaalu chesinappatiki, sims oka telivaina vaidyudigaa prakatinchabaddaadu. ilanti prayogaalu 15va savarana taruvaata roopaantaram chendaayi, ikkada chaalaa mandhi tellajati pourulu nallajati janabha ekkuva saktini pondutaarani bhayapaddaru. nallajati mahilalaku teliyakundaane vaarini balavantamgaa sterilization cheyadam anedi nallajati samajalalo janabhanu niyantrinchadaaniki mariyu niyantrinchadaaniki prayatnistunna tellajati americanlaku aneka udaaharanalalo okati. iteevali samvatsaraalalo ituvanti anyayam chattaviruddhamgaa marinappatiki, idhi srushtinchina bhayam alaage undhi, phalitamgaa aarogya samrakshana nipunulu mariyu janana niyantrana paddhatula patla apanamakam erpadutondi. chaalaa mandhi mahilalu tamaku chesina panulaku nyayam pondaledu. chaaritraatmakamgaa vaidya parisoedhana anedi united states loe nivasistunna nallajati samaajaalaku himsa yokka oka roopamgaa undhi.
2001loe national medical association journal eee bhayam african american communityloni vaaru clinical trialsnu nivaarinchadaaniki kaaranamavutundani teelchindi. paalgonevaarini rakshinchadaaniki eee trials ippudu erpaatu cheyabadinappatiki, nallajati samajalu jagrattagaa untaayi. eee pareekshalu lekunda mandulu telupu mariyu rangu vyaktulanu oke vidhamgaa prabhaavitam chestayo ledho telusukovadam asadhyam kabatti dheeniki daani pratikuulatalu kooda unnaayi. gatha vaidya durviniyogam apanammakaaniki daariteesindi, idhi nallajati samaajaaniki avasaramaina aushadhaanni srushtinchadam marinta kashtataram chestundi. nallajati samaajaalaku andubaatulo unna vanarulu mariyu aarogya samrakshana koratanu konasaginchadam. vaidya abhivruddhi kosam nalla sariiraalapai prayogaalu mariyu durviniyogam sudeerghamaina mariyu nammadagani charitranu kaligi undhi. tuskeggy prayogam anedi baga telisina prayogaalalo okati, ikkada syphilis unna nallajati purushulanu chikitsa cheyakunda vadilesi, chikitsa cheyakunda vadilesinappudu vyaadhi yokka sahaja gathi gurinchi vaidyula utsukatanu tagginchadaaniki chikitsa cheyakunda vadilesaaru. chaalaa mandhi purushulaku vaari adhyayanam "chedu raktaaniki" sambandhinchinadani, antaku minchi aemee ledani cheppabadindi. vaidyulu eee vyaktulanu bayati sahayam korakunda, raktam dra, vennemuka kulaayilu mariyu shavapareekshalu chesetappudu nirodhistaaru. tuskeggy prayogaalu aarogya samrakshanapai nammakamtho taraala parinaamaalanu kaligi unnaayi. prayogamlo unna purushulaku prabhutvam syphilis vairasnu inject chesindani nallajati samaajamlo chaalaa mandhi nammutaaru. idhi vaastavamgaa niroopinchabadanappatiki, samaajamlo pukaarlu chalakalamga unna apanammakanni srushtinchadaaniki saripoyayi. driving licenspy avayava daatagaa undataaniki angeekarinchadaaniki kooda idhe vartistundi. chaalaa mandhi african americanlu ventane vaddu anie chebutaaru, endukante vaari avayavalu durviniyogam cheyabadatayani nammakam undhi.
samyukta rashtraalalo nallajaateeyulu ishtapadani anubhootini kaliginche pradaesaalugaa aasupatrulu chalakalamga unnaayi. nallajati samaajaalaku andubaatulo unna aasupatrulu takkuva nidhulatho mariyu jatiparamga vivakshatatoe kuudina vatavaranamga unna charitranu kaligi unnaayi. 2022 praarambhamlo loane institute nirvahinchina oka adhyayanam, ippatikee rangu samaajaala nundi rogulaku takkuva seva chese vibhajana paddhatulanu upayoginche aasupatrulanu gurtinchindi. intalo, konni marinta sammilita aasupatrulu minahaayimpu paddhathulatho unna eee aasupatrula kante takkuva aadaayaanni pondutaayi. eee aasupatrulalo chaalaa varaku roogi samrakshana kosam takkuva chellimpulanu pondutaayi. idhi united states looni jaatula madhya prastuta sampada asamatulyata yokka pratyaksha phalitam kaavacchu. journal off general internal medicine chesina parisoedhanaloo nirantara nidhula asamaanatalu pradhanamgaa nallajati rogulaku sevalu andinche aasupatrulaku takkuva naanhyamaina vanarulaku daariteesaayani nirdhaarinchindi.
2020loe aarogya mariyu maanava hakkula patrika chesina adhyayanalu covid-19 nepathyamlo aarogya asamaanatalu vistaristunnaayani nirdharinchaayi. praarambhamlo pareeksha vastu saamagrini usloni prayogasaalalo samanamga andinchaaru.ess.ayithe, aaa samajalalo janabha saandratanu parigananaloki teesukoledu. chaalaa mandhi african americanlaku eee pareekshalu andubaatulo levani nirdhaarinchabadindi. consaslo, sumaru 94,780 pareekshalalo, 4,854 matrame african americanlu upayoginchagaa, 50,070 swethajaatheeyulu upayoginchaaru. raashtramloni african americanlu mottam covid-19 sambandhita maranaalalo daadaapu moodinta oka vanthu unnaaru, idhi nallajati samajalu asamanamga elaa prabhaavitamayyaayo choopistundi. rangu samaajaalaku takkuva vaetana udyogaalu vachhe avakaasam undatam valla avasaramaina aarogya vanarulanu pondagala saamarthyam meeda prabhavam padutundi. aarogya nipunulalo nallajati samaajaala bhayam mariyu apanamakam antarleena aarogya samasyalaku chikitsa cheyakunda undataaniki daariteesindi. eee aarogya samasyalu unna vyakti covid-19 thoo sambandham vachinappudu, adhi marinta praanaantakamaina paristhiti avutundi.
paryaavarana jatyahankaram.
paryaavarana jatyahankaram anedi visha vyardhaala paaraveyadam vanti kalushya parisramalanu nilabettadam kosam, paryaavarana niyamaalu mariyu nibandhanala jaathi aadhaarita bhedaatmaka amalu dwara mariyu prabhutva mariyu private bordulu mariyu niyantrana samsthala nundi rangu prajalanu minahaayinchadam dwara minority samajalanu uddeshapoorvakamgaa ledhaa anukokunda lakshyamgaa chesukovadam, phalitamgaa samajam kaalushyaaniki ekkuvagaa guravutundi. rangurangula mariyu takkuva aadaaya vyaktulu tama parisaraalu, karyalayalu mariyu aata sthalaalalo samajam kante ekkuva paryaavarana mariyu aarogya pramaadaalanu edurkontunnarani perugutunna aadharalu velladistunnayani ardy bullard raasaaru.
paryaavarana jatyahankaram 1960luu mariyu 1970la paryaavarana udyamam nundi udbhavinchindi, idhi paryaavarana samskaranalu mariyu vanyapraanula samrakshana mariyu rakshanapai drushti pettindi mariyu pradhanamgaa madhyataragati naayakatvam vahinchindi. 20va sataabdam madhyalo kooda paryaavarana pramaadaalaku ekkuvagaa guraina paedha prajalu mariyu rangu prajala dusthitini prarambha paryaavarana udyamam ekkuvagaa vismarinchindi.
redlining mariyu pattana ksheenataku sambandhinchina vidhanalu kooda paryaavarana jaatyahankaara roopamgaa panicheestaayi, mariyu prajaarogyaanni prabhaavitam chestaayi. pattana minority communitylu konni nagaraalloni marinta sampanna ledhaa tellati praantaala kante chinna, takkuva andubaatulo unde mariyu paelavamaina naanhyata kaligina paarkula roopamlo paryaavarana jaatyahankaaraanni edurkovachhu. yuvataku aadukovadaaniki takkuva sthalaalu mariyu peddalaku vyaayaamaaniki takkuva avakaasaalu unnanduna idhi aarogyampai paroksha prabhavanni chuupavachchu.
paedha ledhaa abhivruddhi chendani samajalu bahiranga pradaesaalu mariyu paaraveyadam pradaesaala nundi anaarogyamtho badhapade pramaadam ekkuvagaa unnappatikee, vaaru pratyaekamaina aasupatri ledhaa chikitsa kendraaniki sameepamlo unde avakaasam kooda takkuvagaa untundi. aasupatrulu ekkuva mandhi rogulaku praivaetu beema unna sampanna praantaalaku marutayi, tadwara takkuva aadaaya rogula sankhya taggutundi. gatamlo atyanta avasaram unna praantaallo aasupatrulu sthaapinchabadinappatikii, ippudu chaalaa varaku private beema samsthala nundi aardhika labhalapai drushti saarinchaayi mariyu vaidya nidhula kothalu valla bedirimpulaku guravutunnayi.
african-american mariyu hysponic communitylalo nirdesinchina 'pranaalikaabaddhamaina sankocham' karyakramam phalitaala dwara 80laloe aids vyaapti yokka namuunaa prabhaavitamaindani, pattana sthaayila janabha saandratanu nirvahinchadaaniki mariyu samaja sthirathvaanni nirdhaarinchadaaniki avasaramaina purapalaka sevalanu, mukhyamgaa agnimaapaka vanarulanu kramabaddhamgaa tiraskarinchadam dwara amalu cheyabadindani robbert wallace raasaaru. samsthaagata jatyahankaram saadhaarana aarogya samrakshanhatho paatu alpasankhyaaka samajalalo aarogya jokyam mariyu sevala naanhyatanu prabhaavitam chestundi. sahayamtho sahaa vividha vyaadhula vargalalo minorityla athi praatinidhyam paakshikamgaa paryaavarana jaatyahamkaaramto sambandham kaligi undhi. 1980luu mariyu 90laloe minority samajalalo aids mahammariki jaateeya pratispandana nemmadigaa undhi, idhi nivaarana prayatnaalalo mariyu aarogya sevalaku sahaayapadatamlo jaathi vaividhyam patla sunnitatvaanni choopistundi.
samsthaagata jatyahankaram.
yuu yokka pedda patanam.ess. aarogya samrakshana vyavastha anedi aneka mandhi tellajati american vaidyulu kaligi unna apasmaraka jaathi pakshapaatam, dheeni phalitamgaa tarachugaa african american rogulaku samrakshana naanhyata taggutundi. atuvanti oka udaaharana tella mariyu nalla rogula madhya hridayanaala shastrachikitsa vidhanalalo vyatyaasam. vaari tellati sahacharulatho poliste, nallajati rogulu aasupatri nundi discharge ayina tarvaata avasaramaina coronary baipas shastrachikitsalu mariyu lipid-tagginche mandulanu pondhe avakaasam takkuvagaa untundi. dheeni ardham nallajati rogulu gananeeyamgaa bhinnamaina aarogya phalitaalato chikitsa kendraalanu vadili velataaru. african american rogulu kooda cardiac eevent mariyu/ledhaa shastrachikitsa tarvaata cardiac rehabilitation kosam referral pondhe avakaasam takkuvagaa untundi. phalitamgaa, idhi itara samasyalanu marinta teevrataram chestundi, anubandha paristhitulu, vaikalyam ledhaa udaatta jatyahankaram kaaranamgaa samrakshana lekapovadam valla maranaanni kooda srushtistundi. nallajati samaajamlo gunde jabbulu vanti sankraminchani vyaadhula adhika sambhaavyataku, takkuva aayurdaayanku dohadapadevi tellajati vaidyula nundi ituvanti charyalu. kontamandi tella aarogya samrakshana pradaatalu tama nallajati rogula gurinchi samasyaatmakamaina, bahirangamaina aalochanalanu kooda nirvahistaaru, takkuva telivainavaarugaa, chikitsa niyamaalaku kattubadi undagala saamarthyam takkuvagaa untaaru mariyu vaari tellati sahacharula kante pramaadakaramaina pravartanaku gurayye avakaasam ekkuvagaa untundi. samsthaagata jatyahankaram bhouthika paristhitulalo mariyu adhikaaraaniki praapyata rendintiloonuu pradarsinchabadutundi. vibhina pampinhee mariyu naanhyamaina vidya, tagina gruhanirmaanam, avasaramaina upaadhi ledhaa jeevitamlo praathamika ledhaa avasaraluga pariganinchabade itara amsaala dwara bhouthika paristhitulanu pratibimbistumdi. merugaina jeevana pramaanaalu mariyu jeevitamlo deerghaayuvu kosam saadhinchadaaniki mariyu saadhinchadaaniki vidya punaadi. ayithe, vidyalo asamaanata pratikuulamgaa undatam valla, idhi samaana saadhanaku aata sthalaanni samam cheyadu. nallajati samajam vishayamlo, janabha jaathi aadhaaramgaa vivakshaku gurikavadame kakunda, saamaajika aardhika sthithi kooda, marinta ekkuva asamaanataku daariteestundi. adhikaaraaniki praapyata vishayamlo, udaaharanalalo samaachaaraaniki bhedaatmaka praapyata (okari swantha charithratho sahaa), vanarulu mariyu prajalalo samaana sabhyuluga aandolanalu ledhaa hakkulanu vyaktam cheyadam unnaayi.
chikitsalo eee vyatyaasaaniki oka sambhaavya kaaranam african american saastravettala panini lakshyamgaa chesukunna vaidya rangamlo unna kramabaddhamaina jatyahankaram. vaidya samaajamlo vaidyulu mariyu rangula saastravettalaku gananeeyamgaa takkuva nidhulu labhistunnaayani, mariyu vaari tella sahacharula kante national institute off health (enihetch) nundi parisoedhanaa avaardulanu geluchukune avakaasam takkuvagaa undani parisoedhanalu chuupistunnaayi. rangu rogulaku tarachugaa tella vaidyulu chikitsa andistaaru kabatti, tappudu communication sarvasaadhaaranam; chaalaa mandhi americanlu tama vaidyulu vaari prasnalu ledhaa aandolanalanu vinarani ledhaa konni vaidya prasnalanu adagadaniki chaalaa asoukaryamgaa unnaarani parisoedhanalu chuupistunnaayi.
african american samaajamlo aarogya samrakshana vyavasthapai vishwaasaanni pempondinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki, african american vaidyula koratanu parishkarinchaalsina avasaram oka adugu avutundi. america samyukta raashtraala janabhalo african americanlu padamudu saatam unnaarani, desamloni vaidyulalo kevalam naalugu saatam mandhi matrame praatinidhyam vahistunnaarani adhyayanalu choopinchaayi. oka udaaharana "block" ogbin lekapovadam. chaalaa mandhi african american mahilalu nallajati vaidyudiki tama praadhaanyata prasava nundi vachhe pratikuula samasyala nundi udbhavinchindani, tellajati mahilala kante nallajati mahilalu prasava samasyala nundi chanipoye avakaasam moodu retlu ekkuva anie paerkonnaaru. united states aarogya samrakshana kesulalo adhika saatam unna samajanni praatinidhyam lekapovadam baadhistunna aneka udaaharanalalo idhi oka udaaharana matrame.
vibhajana.
jaathi vibhajana aarogyam mariyu maranaalalo asamaanatalaku daariteeyavacchani kontamandi parisoedhakulu suuchistunnaaru. thamus lavis (1989; 1993) nagarallo shishu maranaala retulo jaathi vyatyaasaalanu vivarinchadamlo vibhajana sahayapadutundane parikalpananu pareekshinchaaru. 176 pedda mariyu madhya taraha nagaralanu vislaeshimchina lavest, eee parikalpanaku maddatu kanugonnadu. lavest adhyayanala nundi, maranaalalo jaathi asamaanatalanu nirnayinche amsamgaa vibhajana ekkuva drushtini aakarshinchindi. takkuva sthaayi nivaasa vibhajana unna praantaalalo african american purushulu mariyu streelalo maranaala raetu takkuvagaa undani adhyayanalu choopinchaayi. purusha mariyu mahilaa european americanla maranaalu nivaasa vibhajanatho yea disalo sambandham kaligi laevu.
shahron eah chesina adhyayanamlo. jackson, rogar tii. anderson, norman zhe. johnson mariyu paal dii. kutumba aadaayaaniki sardubaatu chesina taruvaata, 25 nundi 44 samvatsaraala vayassu gala nallajaateeyulu mariyu 45 nundi 64 samvatsaraala vayassu gala nallajaateeyulu kanivarilo minority nivaasa vibhajana peragadamtho maranaala pramaadam perigindani parisoedhakulu kanugonnaru. chaalaa vayassu/jaathi/linga samoohaalalo, atyadhika mariyu athi takkuva maranaala pramaadaalu varusaga atyadhika mariyu athi takkuva nivaasa vibhajana vargalalo sambhavinchaayi. eee phalitaalu minority nivaasa vibhajana maranaala pramaadaanni prabhaavitam cheyavachani mariyu vyaadhi mariyu maranam yokka saamaajika aadhaaraalapai saampradaaya praadhaanyatanu nokki chebutayani suuchistunnaayi.
african americanlalo gunde jabbula raetlu vaaru nivasinche parisaraallooni vibhajana namuunaalatoe mudipadi untaayi (fong mariyu itarulu."1998). stephany eah. poga traagadam, aaharam, vyayamam, ottidi mariyu aarogya beema mariyu vaidya pradaatala labhyata vanti paryaavarana kaarakaala dwara porugu praantaalu pradhanamgaa paroksha paddhatiloo aarogyam mariyu maranaala phalitaalanu prabhaavitam chestayani baand hyuu raasaaru. antekakunda, vibhajana anedi samyukta rashtraalalo akaala maranaalanu balamgaa prabhaavitam chestundi.
vaidyulu mariyu aarogya samrakshana nipunula patla jatyahankaram.
chaalaa mandhi aarogya samrakshana nipunulu paniloo vaari patla dweshapurita mariyu jaatyahankaara vyakhyalanu anubhavinchaaru. adhi aasupatri, vaak-inn clinic ledhaa kutumba vaidyudi karyalayam ayina, "saadhaarana pakshapaatam, jaathi/jaateeya muulam, jaathi, vayassu, lingam, yaasa, matam, raajakeeya abhiprayalu, baruvu, america velupala nundi vaidya vidya, laingika dhorani mariyu marinni" gurinchi pakshapaata-aadhaarita vyaakhyalatoo prajalu debbatintaaru. nirvahinchina eee adhyayanamlo vaidyulu tama paniloo eee rakamaina pakshapaataanni nirvahinchadaaniki "african american/block, asean, caucassian mariyu hysponic" jaatula sikshana chaalaa takkuvagaa undhi. samrakshana pampinheeki antaraayam kaliginche ashanti, avamaanakaramaina mariyu sanklishtamaina rogula nundi matabhrashtatanu edurkone purushulu mariyu mahilalu marinta ekkuva patanam chendutaaru. vaidyulu mariyu aarogya samrakshana nipunulu samvatsaraala tarabadi vidya atuvanti paristhitulaku anarhamainadi, prasamsimchabadanidi mariyu nirantara sevaku prerana laenidi kaavacchu anie bhaavinchavachchu. aarogya samrakshana nipunulandaruu rogula nundi vivakshaku gurayye pramaadam unnappatikee, kontamandi janabha dheenini ekkuva retutho anubhavistaaru. vaidyulu mariyu itara klishtamaina aarogya samrakshana nipunula sankhya avasaramaite, jatyahankaram ledhaa itara pakshapaatamto vyavaharinchae aalochanalu nirutsaahaparustaayi.
jaatyahankaaraanni ekkuvagaa anubhavinche samuuham nallajati aarogya samrakshana nipunulu, vaidyulu mariyu narsulu vanti vaaru saadhaarana prajalaku samrakshana andinche baadhyatanu nirvartistaaru. nallajati rogula gurinchi tellajati vaidyulu kaligi unna abhipraayaala maadirigaane, nallajati vaidyula gurinchi tellajati rogula drukpathaalanu pratibimbistaayi. haajaraina vaidyudi jaathi ledhaa nepathyam aadhaaramgaa roogi samrakshananu tiraskarinchadam anedi modati sthaanamlo nivaarinchagalige visugu puttinche neethi, chattaparamaina mariyu clinical samasyalanu penchutundi. inca, nallajati adhyapakulu maargadarsakatvam mariyu sponsorship lekapovadam, promotion mariyu purogatiki addamkulu mariyu maddatu lekapovadam, pratikuulamaina pani vaataavaranaalatoe paatu, vidya vaidya kendraala nundi tolagimpuku karanaluga edurkonnaru. vivakshanu anubhavinchadam anedi vrutti phalitaalu mariyu avaanchaneeya pani vaataavaranamtho sahaa aneka pratikuulatalatoe mudipadi untundi. nipunulu tarachugaa ontarigaa bhaavistaaru mariyu jaatyahankaaraanni vruttiloo bhaagamgaa angeekarinchadaaniki vimukhamgaa untaaru. nallajati vaidyulanu matrame kakunda, saatileni samrakshananu andinche itara nipunulanu rakshinche vidhananni chuttumutte aarogya samrakshana samsthala nundi oka goppa chorava vaidyamlo chaalaa avasaramaina vaividhyam mariyu naayakatvaanni nilupukuntundi.
narahatya.
ayurdayam loe jaathi antaramlo narahatya mukhyamaina paatra poeshistumdi. 2008loe nallajaateeyula madhya antaramlo narahatya vataa 19 saatamgaa undhi, ayithe 2003 nundi 2008 varaku antaram taggadamlo idhi mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchaleedu.ess. nyaya vibhagam "2005loe, nallajaateeyula narahatya baadhitula raetlu swethajaatheeyula kante 6 retlu ekkuvagaa unnaayi."robbert zhe. african american parisaraallo adhika sthaayi nivaasa vibhajana african americanlalo adhika narahatya retuku kaaranamani sampson suuchistumdi.
pokadalu.
1945 nundi 1999 varaku dayta aadhaaramgaa, saapeksha nalupu telupu vayassu-sardubaatu, anni kaaranaala maranaala mariyu telupu puttukatho nalla ayurdayam perugutunna asamaanatala vaipu dhoranulanu choopinchindi. 1980 nundi 1998 varaku, swetajaatiiyulatoo poliste american nallajaateeyulalo rojuku sagatu adanapu maranaala sankhya 20 saatam perigindi. swetajaatiiyulatoo poliste nallajaateeyulaku (ledhaa african americanlaku) adhika vyaadhi raetlu kalakramena vistrutamgaa mariyu sthiramgaa unnayani, iteevali samvatsaraalalo maranaaniki bahula kaaranaala valla maranaalalo jaathi antaram perugutondani david villiams raasaaru. junk phud prakatanalu african americanlanu lakshyamgaa chesukuntaayi.
laatinolu mariyu hysponics.
charitra.
laatinolu mariyu hysponic janabhanu yuu jaathi vargamgaa pariganincharu.ess. janabha ganana, vyaasam yokka eee vibhagam janabha ganana beuroche vargeekarinchabadina laatinolu ledhaa hispaniclanu oka jaathi samuuhamgaa suuchistumdi. hysponic saadhaaranamgaa spanish matlade desham nundi vacchina bhasha mariyu vyaktulanu suuchistumdi. latinolo saadhaaranamgaa bhougolikam, mukhyamgaa latin americaku, mexico, carabian, madhya america mariyu dakshina americatho sahaa suuchistumdi. united statesloni laatino mariyu hysponic samajam gurinchi suuchanalu tarachugaa valasala gurinchi charchalatho mudipadi untaayi. hysponic mariyu laatinola valasala yokka bhougolika muulaalu samvatsaraalugaa marai. 2010laloe latin american mariyu carabian deshaalu united states vaipu valasa vacchina valasadaarulaku pradhana vanarugaa unnaayi.
united statesloni laatinolu mariyu hysponic janabha aarogyam charitra chuttoo charchalalo hysponic paradox oka mukhyamaina amsam. 1986loe professor. janabhalo saadhaarana saamaajika aardhika sthithi takkuvagaa unnappatikee mariyu aarogya samrakshanaku praapyata lekapovadam unnappatikee, americaloni hysponic vyaktulu tama tella hysponic kaani sahacharula kante ekkuva kaalam jeevistaarani antuvyaadhi drugvishayaanni suuchimchadaaniki cariacos markides "hysponic paradox" anae padaanni roopondinchaaru. united stateslo hysponic janabha yokka saadhaarana sthithi mariyu maranaalaku kaaranaalaku sambandhinchi us centers pharr disease controll und prevention 2015 mae 5naa oka nivedikanu prachurinchindi. markides paradox sambhaavyatanu anveshinchadaaniki nivedika vaari tella sahacharulatho poliste hysponic janabha yokka maranaala suuchikalanu mariyu jaateeya aarogya nighani upayoginchindi. diabetes, kaaleya vyaadhi mariyu narahatyala nundi hysponic maranaalu hysponic kaani tellajati janabha kante gananeeyamgaa ekkuvagaa unnayani praathamika phalitaalu suuchimchaayi. ayinappatikee, hysponics saadhaaranamgaa anni kaaranaala valla maraninche pramaadam 24 saatam takkuvagaa untundi mariyu samyukta rashtraallo maranaaniki pradhana 15 kaaranaalalo tommidi pramaadaalu takkuvagaa untaayi (mukhyamgaa, cancer mariyu gunde jabbulu).
united stateslo laatinolu mariyu hysponic aarogya sthithitho mudipadi undatam anedi vaidyulu mariyu aarogya vyavasthapai gamaninchina apanamakam. 1979 varaku californialo latin mahilala sterilization vanti rogula sammatini thosipuchina bhasha addamkulu, vivaksha muppu mariyu chaaritraka sanghatanala nundi eee apanamakam talettavachhu. united states sensus beuro nirvahinchina oka adhyayanam prakaram, hysponics janabha ennadoo vaidyudini sandarsinchani avakaasam undhi, 42.3 saatam vaaru alaa eppuduu cheyaledani nivedinchaaru. yuu.aarogya samrakshana vyavastha ekkuvagaa aanglam matladevariki sevalu andinchadaaniki siddhamgaa undhi, idhi aanglam matlade laatinolu mariyu hysponic vyaktulaku samasyanu srushtistundi. ekaraala vistiirnaanni pariseelinchina tommidi adhyayanaalalo aidu (55 saatam) bhasha yokka gananeeyamaina pratikuula prabhavanni kanugonnayi; moodu (33 saatam) bhasha praapyatanu prabhaavitam chesindane mishrama ledhaa balaheenamaina aadhaaraalanu kanugonnayi. samrakshana naanhyatanu anchanaa vese edu adhyayanaalalo aaru (86 saatam) bhasha addankula yokka gananeeyamaina haanikaramaina prabhavanni kanugonnayi.
manasika aarogyam.
aneka hysponic mariyu laatino samajalalo, manasika aarogya samasyalanu balaheenataku chihnamgaa chuustaaru mariyu tappanisarigaa dhruveekarinchabadavu. hysponics/laatinolanu tarachugaa manasika aarogya samasyalaku, mukhyamgaa maadakadravyaala durviniyogam, niraasa mariyu aandolanaku adhika-pramaada samuuhamgaa paerkontaaru. 2008 nundi 2011 varaku nirvahinchina oka adhyayanamlo, newyork, chikago, shaan diego mariyu mayami raashtraalloni naalugu vibhina samajalalo 18 nundi 74 samvatsaraala vayassu gala 16,000 mandiki paiga hysponics/laatinolanu namoonaga teesukunnaru. adhyayanamlo 27 saatam hysponics/laatinolu adhika sthaayi nispruha lakshanaalanu nivedinchinatlu phalitaalu niroopinchaayi.
yuu.dheeni janabha 17.8% hysponic mariyu laatino vyaktulatoe roopondinchabadindi. aaa vyaktulalo, 15 saatam mandiki nirdhaarana cheyagala manasika anaaroogyam undhi. antey laatinolu ledhaa hysponic prajalu 8.9 millionla mandhi manasika anaarogyamtho baadhapaddaaru. eee samaajamlooni valasadaarulu saamaajika aardhika sthithi, vidya mariyu aarogya samrakshana sevala labhyatalo asamaanatalanu edurkontunnaru. 2013 nundi parisoedhana aadhaaramgaa chikitsa pondina athi takkuva jaatulu/jaatulalo hysponics okati.
hysponic/laatino samajalalo manasika aarogya phalitaalanu prabhaavitam cheyagala aneka ottidi muulaalanu parisoedhanalu suuchimchaayi. udaaharanaku, rogulanu anchanaa vese vidhananni bhasha prabhaavitam chestundi. dwibhasha rogulanu spaanishku badulugaa aanglamlo interview chesinappudu bhinnamgaa anchanaa vestaarani mariyu hysponics tarachugaa takkuva chikitsa pondutunnaarani aneka adhyayanalu kanugonnayi. antekakunda, hysponics/laatinolu tama aarogya pradaatatoe paelavamaina communicationnu nivedinche avakaasam undhi. takkuva aadaaya vyaktulu manasika aarogya sevalaku parimita praapyatanu kaligi undavacchu kabatti latino communityla manasika aarogyaanni prabhaavitam chese mukhyamaina karakamga aadaayam kooda niroopinchabadindi. jaateeyamgaa, hysponic kaani vyaktulalo 7.5% thoo poliste hispaniclalo 21.1% beema cheyabadaledu. takkuva beema coverage eee samuuhaanni prabhaavitam chestundi endukante jaathi paatra, valasa sthithi mariyu pourasatva hodha poeshistumdi. manasika rugmata unna 10 mandhi hispaniclalo okaru matrame saadhaarana aarogya samrakshana pradaata nundi manasika aarogya sevalanu upayogistaaru. antekakunda, 20 mandhi hysponic vyaktulalo okaru matrame manasika aarogya nipunudi nundi ituvanti sevalanu pondutaaru.
talli mariyu pillala aarogyam.
janabha lekkala beuro prakaram, prasava vayassu gala hysponic kaani tellajati mahilala sankhya (15-44 samvatsaraalu) 2010loe 36.5 millionla nundi 2020loe 35.2 millionlaku taggutundani anchanaa veyabadindi, prasava vayassu gala hysponic mahilala sankhya 2010loe 11.8 millionla nundi 13.8 millionlaku paiga hysponic mahilalaku perugutundani anchanaa veyabadindi. samyukta rashtraalalo hysponic janabha perugudala kontavaraku adhika santanotpatti raetla valla nadapabadutundi. 2012loe, hysponic gurtinche mahilala santanotpatti raetu 1,000 mandhi mahilalaku 74.4 jananaalu. 2012loe, hysponic mahilalu 23 saatam ledhaa united stateslo mottam 3,952,841 sajeeva jananaalalo 907,677 mandhi unnaaru. hysponic janabhalo, mexican santatiki chendina vaarilo (61.2%), taruvaata madhya/dakshina america (14.5%), puerto rican (7.4%), mariyu cuban (1.9%) janminchaaru.
hysponic kaani mariyu tellajati thallulatho poliste vanarula aadhaaramgaa adhika maranaala retuku dohadapade aasupatrulalo adhika vaidya asamaanata undhi. 2010 nundi daetaanu pariseelisthe, hysponic mahilallo shishu maranaala raetu (jeevitam yokka modati samvatsaramlo maranam) 1,000 sajeeva jananaalaku 5.3 gaa undhi. 2010 samvatsaramlo united stateslo jarigina mottam shishu maranaalalo eee raetu 20 saataaniki paiga undhi. national center pharr health statistics prakaram, "shishu maranaalaku nirdishta kaaranaalanu pariseelinchinappudu 2010loe hysponicslo shishu maranaalaku pradhana kaaranam puttukatho vachhe lopaalu (100,000 sajeeva jananaalaku 136.5), taruvaata akaala paripakvata/takkuva janana baruvu (100,000 sajeeva jananaalaku 85.0), garbham yokka prasuuti samasyalu. 2017loe hysponic kaani tellati thallulatho poliste hysponic tallulu 70 saatam aalasyamgaa ledhaa prasavapurva samrakshana pondhe avakaasam undhi. takkuva paniteeru kaligina aasupatrula naanhyatanu meruguparachadam valla hysponic kaani tella mariyu hysponic mahilalu iddarikee prayojanam chekuurustumdani, adhe samayamlo talli anaaroogyam raetlaloo jaathi asamaanatalanu taggistundani parisoedhanalu suuchistunnaayi.
aarogya samrakshanaku praapyata.
hysponic aarogyam tarachugaa bhasha/saamskrutika addamkulu, nivaarana samrakshana lekapovadam, aarogya beema lekapovadam, akrama valasa sthithi, apanamakam mariyu niraksharaasyata vanti kaarakaala dwara roopondinchabadutundi. vyaadhi niyantrana mariyu nivaarana kendraalu hispaniclalo anaaroogyam mariyu maranaaniki konni pradhana kaaranaalanu udaharinchaayi, veetilo gunde jabbulu, cancer, anukokunda gayalu (pramaadaalu), stroke mariyu madhumeham unnaayi. latino mariyu hysponic communitylu oka bhasha ledhaa saamskrutika avarodham kaaranamgaa aarogya nipunulatoe communicate cheyadaaniki chaalaa kashtapadataru; phalitamgaa, vaaru sahayam mariyu aushadhaala kosam bayati vanarula vaipu moggu chuuputaaru. eee addamkulanu edurkonna vaarilo sagam mandhi sahayam kosam kutumba sabhyudi vaipu ledhaa maroka aarogya samrakshana pradaata vaipu mallarani survey kanugondi. aneka aasupatrulu mariyu karyalayalalo sikshana pondina vyaakhyaatalu laeru mariyu dwibhasha sibbandi ledhaa rogula pillala taatkaalika vivaranapai kooda aadhaarapadataaru. united stateslo deerghakaalika samrakshana sevala vishayaniki vasthe laatino mariyu hysponic communitylaku aandolanalu unnaayi. kontamandiki vaari mataparamaina ledhaa aadhyaatmika nammakalanu gowravinche nursing homes mariyu sahayaka-jeevana soukaryaalanu kanugonadam gurinchi aandolana undhi, ayithe gruha aarogya sahayakula gurinchi adhe aandolana chaalaa takkuva mandiki undhi. vidya lekapovadam eee samajalalo dwibhasha, conny vaidya padaalanu ardham chesukoleni vyaktulaku maroka addankini srushtistundi. 2017 U prakaram.ess. janabha lekkala beuro nivedika prakaram, hysponic kaani swetajaateeyulalo 92.9 saatamtoe poliste 68.7 saatam hysponic prajalu haiskool diploma kaligi unnaaru. united stateslo naaluginta oka vanthu kante ekkuva mandhi hysponic peddalaku saadhaarana aarogya samrakshana pradaata laeru, mariyu gatha samvatsaramlo vaidya sibbandi nundi aarogya samrakshana samacharanni pondani idhe vidhamaina nivedika. latinoloni peddalu pihechsi survey aadhaaramgaa television mariyu radeo vanti pratyaamnaaya vanarula nundi samacharanni pondutaaru. chaalaa mandhi laatinolu media vanarula nundi samacharanni pondadame kakunda, gananeeyamaina nishpatti (79 saatam) vaaru eee samacharampai panicheestunnaarani chebutunnayi. chaalaa mandhi laatinolu sweeya-chikitsaku alavaatu paddaru endukante chaalaa mandulu vaari swadeshaalalo prescription lekunda andubaatulo unnaayi. valasadaarulu chattaviruddha valasa sthithi (bahishkarana bhayalu), niraksharaasyata mariyu puurtigaa bhinnamaina aarogya nammakaalato sahaa samrakshanaku adanapu addamkulanu edurkovachhu.
sthaanika americanlu mariyu alaska sthaanikulu.
charitra.
15va sataabdamloo valasavaadulu khandamloki vachinappati nundi, mukhyamgaa valasavaada samuuhaalu pravesapettina antuvyaadhulu mariyu valasavaadulatoe himsaatmaka encounterla kaaranamgaa, united statesloni american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika janabha hysponic kaani swetajaatiiyulatoo poliste asamaana pratikuula aarogya phalitaalanu anubhavinchaaru. american indians mariyu alaska sthaanikulu mariyu general yuu madhya aarogya phalitaalalo asamaanata.ess. gananeeyamaina american bharatiya mariyu alaska sthaanika janabha unna praantaalalo taginanta vaidya samrakshana, bhasha addamkulu mariyu vaidya sevala naanhyata taggadam kaaranamgaa janabha netikee konasagutondi. asamaanata yokka amsaalalo okati sthaanika americanlaku vaidya samrakshananu pondadam praarambhinchae parisoedhana lekapovadam, mariyu parisoedhana unikilo unnappudu, idhi vistrutamgaa untundi mariyu baalyamtho sahaa nirdishta amsaalapai drushti pettadu. october 2019 natiki, eee roeju janminchina american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika prajalu 73 samvatsaraala ayurdayam kaligi unnaaru, saadhaarana american janaabhaaku 78.5 samvatsaraalu.
indian health servies (ihch) anedi american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika janabha aarogya avasaralanu teerchadaaniki kattubadi unna oka federal agency. 1921 naati snider chattam mariyu 1976 naati bhaarata aarogya samrakshana merugudala chattam anae rendu chattalu, samakhya gurtimpu pondina sthaanika american tegalaku aarogya samrakshananu andinchadaaniki united states prabhutvaanni nirbandhinchaayi. eee baadhyata yuu kinda unna ihs kuu maarindi.ess. aarogya mariyu maanava sevala vibhagam, 1955loe. ihch prastutam 573 ververu samakhya gurtimpu pondina tegala nundi 23 laksala american bhaaratheeyulu mariyu alaska sthaanika janaabhaaku sevalu andistondi.
amalu chesinappati nundi, rogulaku chikitsa chesinanduku ihs vimarsinchabadindi. mukhyamgaa, 1960luu mariyu 1970laloe, ihch vaelaadi mandhi american bharatiya mariyu alaska sthaanika mahilalanu balavantamgaa krimirahitam chesindi. united states prabhutva saadhaarana accounting karyalayam chesina oka adhyayanamlo, 1973 mariyu 1976 samvatsaraala madhya, albukerki, oklahoma nagaram, phoenix mariyu aberdeen, dakshina dakotaloni naalugu ihch soukaryaalaloni vaidyulu mottam 3406 mandhi mahilalanu krimirahitam chesaarani kanugonnaru, veerilo 3001 mandhi sterilization samayamlo prasavinche vayassu galavaaru.
ihchku manjuru chesina nidhulu lekapovadam valla samakhya prabhutvam kooda vimarsinchabadindi. itara samakhya nidhulatho nadiche aarogya samrakshana kaaryakramaala kante ihch kosam talasari kharchulu gananeeyamgaa takkuvagaa unnaayi. ihch loe panichese vaidyulu united statesloni american bhaaratheeyulu mariyu alaska sthaanikula aarogya samrakshana avasaralanu taginantagaa teerchadaaniki agencyki nidhulanu penchaalsina avasaranni vyaktam chestunnarani adhyayanalu kanugonnayi.
endukante ihch samakhya gurtimpu pondina tegalaku matrame sevalu andistundi, eee jaathi samuuhamtoe gurtinchabade united statesloni prajalandarikee ihch vanarulu andubaatulo undavu. american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika janabhalo samakhya gurtimpu pondina thegalatho anubandhamgaa unnavaaru unnaaru, conny veetike parimitam kaadu-rashtra gurtimpu pondina tegalu mariyu gurtimpu laeni tegalu mariyu girijana bhoomulalo nivasinchani vyaktulu conny sthaanika americanga gurtinchabaddaaru. anduvalla, united stateslo prajalanu gurtinche american indian mariyu alaska sthaanikula aarogya phalitaalalo ihs paatra pooshistunnappatikii, eee janabha ganana samuuhaaniki aarogya phalitaalanu nirnayinchedi idhi matrame kaadu.
manasika aarogyam.
american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika gurtinche vyaktulu hysponic kaani tellajati janabha kante manasika aarogya avasaralanu teerchaleni mariyu pradhana nispruha episodlanu anubhavinche avakaasam undhi. hysponic kaani tellajati janabhalo kevalam 5.4% thoo poliste, american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika peddalalo 6.7% mandhi gatha pannendu nelallo neraverani manasika aarogya sevala avasaralanu kaligi unnaarani nivedinchaaru. antekakunda, american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika peddalalo 8.3% mandhi gatha pannendu nelallo pedda nispruha episodenu edurkonnatlu nivedinchagaa, hysponic kaani tellajati peddalu matrame 7.4% mandhi alaa chesaaru. american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika koumaaradasalo unnavaaru kooda vaari jeevitakaalamlo pedda nispruha episodenu anubhavinche avakaasam undhi, hysponic kaani tella koumaaradasalo 14.4 thoo poliste koumaaradasalo unnavaaru atuvanti episodenu nivedistunnaru. sthaanika yuvatapai 2014 white house nivedika 15 nundi 24 samvatsaraala madhya vayassu gala sthaanika americanlu jaateeya sagatu kante aatmahatya chesukune avakaasam 2.5 retlu ekkuva anie perkondi. post traumatic stress desorder (ptsd) raetlu kooda saadhaarana united states janabha kante american bhaaratheeyulu mariyu alaska sthaanikulaku ekkuvagaa unnaayi.
chaaritraka gaayam kooda sthaanika americanlu edurkontunna samasya. daa. maria ello haars brave haart 1980laloe sthaanika americanlaku chaaritraka gaayam, "sanchita bhavodvega mariyu manasika gaayam" gaa varninchindi, idhi saareeraka mariyu manasika aarogyaanni prabhaavitam chestundi. aame prastaavinchina baadhaakaramaina sanghatanalalo itara kaaranaalatoo paatu jailu siksha mariyu maranahomam unnaayi. chaaritraka gaayam yokka aaru dasalanu aame eee krindi vidhamgaa vivarinchindihi 1) modati parichayam (shokam kaalam mariyu valasarajyala taruvaata kaalamtho sahaa), 2) aardhika pootii, 3) dandayaatra (marinta maranam mariyu dukkaaniki kaaranamavutundi), 4) reservation kaalam, 5) boarding paatasaala kaalam (kutumba nirmaanam mariyu bhaashatho sahaa saamskrutika amsaalanu naasanam cheyadampai drushti pettadam), mariyu 6) balavantamgaa punaravasam.
prastuta manasika aarogya paddhatula gurinchi kontamandi vimarsakulu american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika samaajaalato kalisi panichese manasika aarogya nipunulu rogula samskrutulaku anugunamgaa, mukhyamgaa aadhyaatmikatapai drushtini penchadam dwara tama paddhatulanu sardubaatu chesukovalani vaadinchaaru. vividha saamskrutika paddhatula phalitamgaa sthaanika samajalalo dsm-gurtimpu pondina rugmatala lakshanaalu elaa bhinnamgaa undavacchu anae daanipai avagahana penchadaaniki kooda prayatnaalu jarigaayi.
american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika yuvata hysponic kaani tellajati yuvata kante pratyeka manasika aarogya sevalanu pondhe avakaasam konchem takkuvagaa undhi, vaaru saamaajika kaaryakartalu, paatasaala salahaadaarulu mariyu pediatricians nundi counselling vanti pratyaekamaina manasika aarogya sevalanu pondhe avakaasam chaalaa ekkuvagaa undhi.
american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika janabhalo madyapaanam tarachugaa adhyayanam cheyabadindi, ayinappatikee kanugonabadina raetlu upayoginchina ganaamkaalu mariyu ganaamkaalu elaa vibhajinchabaddaayi anae rendintipai aadharapadi untaayi. 1995 nundi jarigina oka adhyayanamlo american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika purushula maranaalalo 26.5% madyaaniki sambandhinchinavi, ayithe sumaru 13.2% mahilala maranaalu anie kanugonnaru. 1996 nundi jarigina maroka adhyayanamlo 1993loe 34 saatam koumaaradasalo unnavaaru (grade 7-12) taamu eppuduu madyam sevinchinatlu nivedinchinatlu kanugonnaru. chaaritraatmakamgaa, sthaanika americanlalo madyapaanam yokka grahinchina raetlu vaaru janyuparamgaa madyapaanaaniki ekkuvagaa guravutarane moosa dhoraniki daariteesaayi. eee moosa dhoranini prasninchaaru, aadhunika parisoedhakulu badulugaa chaaritraka gaayam mariyu ptsd madya vyasanamtho elaa sambandham kaligi unnayane daanipai drushti pettaru.
talli mariyu pillala aarogyam.
united stateslo hysponic kaani tellajati mahilala kante american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika mahilalaku prasuuti maranaala raetu 4.5 retlu ekkuva. 2008 mariyu 2012 madhya, janmanicche american bharatiya mariyu alaska sthaanika mahilalalo 5.3% mandhi garbhadhaarana madhumeham kaligi unnaarani nirdharinchagaa, hysponic kaani tellajati mahilalalo kevalam 3.7% mandhi unnaaru.
america samyukta raashtraalloni hysponic kaani tellajati mahilala kante american bharatiya mariyu alaska sthaanika mahilalu kooda prasavapurva samrakshana pondhe avakaasam takkuvagaa undhi. hysponic kaani tellajati mahilalalo 81.6% thoo poliste, american bharatiya mariyu alaska sthaanika mahilalalo matrame 60.4% vaari modati traimaasikamlo prenatal cair pondutaaru. adanamgaa, american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika mahilalu vaari moodava traimaasikamlo varaku prenatal cair pondadam praarambhinchakapovachhu-hysponic kaani tellajati mahilalalo 9.3% thoo poliste american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika mahilalalo%. hysponic kaani tellajati mahilalalo kevalam 0.8% mandhi matrame garbhadhaarana samayamlo etuvanti prenatal cair pondaru, american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika mahilalalo 2.3% mandhi prenatal cair lekunda puurtigaa veltaaru.
american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika janabhalo shishu maranaala raetu kooda united stateslo hysponic kaani tellajati gurtinche vyaktula kante ekkuvagaa undhi. american bhaaratheeyulu mariyu alaska sthaanikulu 1000 sajeeva jananaalaku 8.4 shishu maranaala retunu anubhavistunnaaru, 1000 hysponic kaani tellajati sajeeva jananaalaku 4.1 thoo poliste. adanamgaa, american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika mahilalaku janminchina sisuvulalo 15.2% hysponic kaani tellajati mahilalaku janminchina sisuvulalo kevalam 10.7% thoo poliste akalamga janminchaaru.
paryaavarana jatyahankaram.
2012loe sthaanika american tegalu united states antataa 95 million ekaraala vividha paryaavarana vyavasthalanu akraminchayi. vaataavarana maarpu aneka tegalu aadhaarapade vanyapraanulu mariyu vanarulanu prabhaavitam chestundi mariyu fracking vanti karyakalapalu swachchamaina neeti labhyatanu bediristaayi. alaskaku chendina sthaanika americanlu tama aahaaramlo sumaru 80 saatam chuttupakkala vanarulanu upayogistaaru mariyu vaataavarana maarpula phalitamgaa teerapraanta varadalanu edurkonnaru, kabatti vaaru mukhyamgaa haani kaliginche samuuham. paryaavaranam pramaadakaramgaa marinappatiki, kalushitamaina neetini teesukovadam vanti aarogya samasyalaku daariteesinappatikee, tegalu konnisaarlu vaaru chaalaa samvatsaraalugaa aakraminchina adhe bhoomilo undataaniki siddhamgaa untaaru.
american indian mariyu alaska sthaanika prajalapai paryaavarana prabhaavaalaku iteevali udaaharanalalo okati keystone exl pipeline vyavaharam, indulo 1,200 mailla pipeline koota belnap indian community off montana mariyu dakshina dakotaloni rosebud seox tega bhuubhaagam gundaa velutundi. neeti kalushyam mariyu sthaanika samajalapai prabhavam gurinchi parisoedhana lekapovadam vanti bhayalanu paerkontuu nirasanalu jarigina taruvaata appati adhyakshudu barak obama 2015loe nirmaanaanni nilipivesinappatiki, adhyakshudu donald trump kaaryaalayamloki pravesinchina ventane nirmaanaanni aamodinchaaru. 2018loe, sthaanika samuuhaalu chaaritraatmakamgaa sthaapinchabadina sarihaddulanu gowravinchadamlo mariyu pramaada anchanaa veyadamlo viphalamayyaayani paerkontuu 2017 anumatiki vyatiraekamgaa daavaa vaesaayi. october 2019loe, uttara dakotalo keystone pipeline dwara 380,000 gallenla mudi chamuru chindatam, sameepamloni chittadi neelalanu prabhaavitam chesindi.
asea americanlu.
charitra.
asea americanlu gatha 200 samvatsaraalugaa united stateslo pramukha samuuhamgaa unnaaru. U prakaram.ess. janabha ganana beuro prakaram, 2018 natiki united stateslo 22 millionlaku paiga asea americanlu unnaarani anchanaa veyabadindi. asea americanlalo aidu pramukha upa samoohaalu chainees americanlu, indian americanlu, philipino americanlu, vietnamese americanlu mariyu corian americanlu.
19va sataabdamloo gananeeyamaina sankhyalo chainees americanlu, corian americanlu mariyu japanese americanlu united statesloki pravesinchadamto pedda sankhyalo asea valasalu prarambhamayyayi. ayithe, 20va sataabdamloo, bharatiya americanlu vanti itara samuuhaalu united stateslo andubaatulo unna marinta pratyaekamaina udyogaala kaaranamgaa pedda sankhyalo valasa ravadam praarambhinchaayi.
asea americanlu tarachugaa united states looni itara minority samuuhaala maadirigaane jaatyahamkaaraaniki guravutunnaru. rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo japanese americanlu nivasinchadaaniki mariyu amaanaveeya chikitsaku gurainanduku nirminchina camp manjanar vanti japanese nirbandha shibiraala vanti sanghatanalalo dheenini chudavachu.
hysponic valasadaarulu mariyu african americanla sankhyalo asea americanlu americaku rakapovadam valla, vaarini vaidya pareekshalalo upayoginchina mariyu anyayamgaa pariharam icchina sandarbhaalu chaalaa takkuva. adanamgaa, iteevala united statesku aseanla valasala alalu sambhavinchinanduna, united stateslo eee samuuham yokka charitra saapekshamgaa chinnadi. phalitamgaa, hysponic americanlu, african americanlu mariyu sthaanika americanlu vanti itara samuuhaalatoe unnatlugaa asea americanlu mariyu saadhaarana janabha madhya aarogya asamaanatalanu parishkarinchadaaniki prabhutva prayatnaalu jaragaledu.
pyuu research center vislaeshanha prakaram asea americanlu united stateslo vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna pradhana jaathi ledhaa jaathi samuuham.ess. janabha ganana beuro dayta. eee jaathi mana janabhalo antarbhaagamgaa maarinanduna, aarogya avasaralanu teerchadaaniki, mukhyamgaa anni jaathi mariyu jaathi samoohaalalo mariyu vaatilo aarogya asamaanatalanu tolaginchadaaniki adhyakshudu clinton amalu chesina jaathi chorava vanti marinni karyakramalu amalu cheyabaddaayi. gatha 20 samvatsaraalalo jarigina tadupari parisoedhanalu asea americanlu hepatitis bii, kaaleya cancer, kshayavyadhi mariyu oopiritittula cancer vanti itara paristhitulaku adhika pramaadam undani choopinchaayi. asea american cancer bhaaram pratyekamainadi, endukante vaaru maranaaniki pradhana kaaranamgaa cancernu anubhavinchina ekaika jaathi/jaathi janabha mariyu idhi maanava papillomavirus-prerita garbhasaya cancer, hepatitis bii virus-prerita kaaleya cancer mariyu kadupu cancer vanti antu muulam yokka ekkuva cancerlanu anulomaanupaatamlo anubhavinchadam vanti asaadhaarana amsaalanu kaligi undhi, itara jaathi/jaathi janabha kante mariyu adhe samayamlo, paaschaatyeekaranhatho sambandham unna cancerla sankhyanu anubhavinchadam.adevidhamgaa, asea americanlalo type 2 diabetes vachhe pramaadam ekkuvagaa undhi, endukante asea american janabhalo dheeni uniki 21 saatam, hysponic kaani swethajaatheeyula kante rendu retlu ekkuva. chivaraku, americanlandariki maranaaniki pradhana kaaranam ayina hridaya sambandha vyaadhulu, vividha saamaajika nirnayakaala kaaranamgaa samaajamlo pratikuulamgaa unna asea americanlanu asamanamga prabhaavitam chestune unnaayi. aarogya asamaanataku daariteese eee saamaajika nirnayakaalu bhasha naipunhyam lekapovadam, takkuva vidya sadhana, jaathi vivaksha, aardhika asthirata mariyu paelavamaina samaja nischitaartham kaaranamgaa aarogya niraksharaasyata vantivi.
talli mariyu pillala aarogyam.
2002loe, united stateslo asea american jananaalu 5.2% anie nivedinchabadindi. bharatiya americanlu mariyu hysponic kaani tella americanlalo jananaalanu polchina oka adhyayanam, hysponic kaani tella americanla kante bharatiya americanlu gananeeyamgaa takkuva janana baruvulanu kaligi unnaarani velladinchindi. bharatiya american tallulu mariyu hysponic kaani tella american tallulu taginanta prenatal cair raetlu kaligi unnaarani kooda velladaindi. adanamgaa, samuuhaala madhya shishu maranaala retunu polchinappudu, asea americanlu (pasiphik dveepavaasulu minaha) hysponic kaani tella americanla kante takkuva retunu kaligi unnaaru. edemaina, pasiphik dveepavaasulu shishu maranaala retunu kaligi unnaaru, idhi asea americanlu mariyu hysponic kaani tella americanla kante chaalaa ekkuva. adevidhamgaa, asea americanlu prasuuti maranaala retunu kaligi unnaaru, idhi hysponic kaani swethajaatheeyula kante takkuvagaa undhi, alaage united stateslo jaateeya sagatu kante takkuvagaa undhi.
asea americanla janabha avalokanam prakaram asea american mariyu pasiphik dveepavaasula mahilala janana raetu hysponic mahilalu minaha anni itara samuuhaala kante ekkuvagaa undani, aaa tallulu itara jaatula tallula kante sagatuna peddavaarai untaaru, itara samuuhaala kante ekkuva vayassu gala mahilallo atyadhika janana raetu namodavutundi, itara samuuhaala kante ekkuva vayassu gala mahilallo, mariyu eee janabhalo teanage janana raetlu mottam takkuvagaa unnaayi.
united states antataa communitylalo asea american mahilalalo prenatal cair viniyogam yokka asamaanata pradhana aandolanalalo okati mariyu asea american tallula upa samuuhaalu itarulakanna mundugaane mariyu taginanta prenatal cair pondhe avakaasam takkuvagaa undani parisoedhanaloo telindi. aarogya suuchikala prakaram.prabhutvam, daetaanu vivaristuu, "apnaku anedi prasavapurva samrakshana viniyogam yokka kolata, idhi prasavapurva sandarsanala sankhyatho praarambhamaina garbhadhaarana prasavapurva samrakshana nelanu militam chestundi. retlanu "intensive yooj", "taginanta", "intermediate" ledhaa "taginanta kante takkuva" gaa vargeekarinchavachhu.eee kolata kosam, taginanta prenatal cair anedi" "taginanta" "ledhaa" "intensive yooj" "scorega nirvachinchabadindi".""
marinta saanukuula gamanikalo, asea american mariyu pasiphik dveepavaasula sisuvula maranaala raetu 1,000 sajeeva jananaalaku 4.78, idhi saadhaarana janabhalo kanipinche daanikante takkuva.
manasika aarogyam.
asea americanlalo manasika aarogya phalitaalaku sambandhinchi chaalaa adhyayanalu laevu. eee samuuhamloo manasika aarogyam saadhaarana janabha kante saapekshamgaa merugga unnatlu nivedinchabadindi. chainees american janabhalo dsm III loe manasika aarogya samasyala sanghatananu nirnayinchadaaniki chainees american psychiatric epidemiological studdy (capes) nuu niyaminchaaru. adhyayanam yokka phalitaalu chainees americanla janabhalo sumaru 4.9% mandhi depressionnu anubhavinchaarani choopinchaayi, idhi tella americanla 17.1% thoo poliste vaidyaparamgaa depressionga vargeekarinchabadindi. ayithe, idhi asea americanla janabhalo manasika aarogyaaniki sambandhinchi nijamaina pokadalanu puurtigaa suuchimchakapoevachchu. americalo engio mental health prakaram, 5.4% mandhi americanlu asea americanlugaa gurtistunnaru, mariyu eee janabhalo 13% mandhi gatha samvatsaramlo nirdhaarana cheyagala manasika anaarogyamtho baadhapadutunnatlu nivedinchaaru. maandyaanni edurkontunna asea americanla nishpatti hysponic kaani tella americanla kante takkuvagaa undhi. manasika aarogyam chuttoo unna saamskrutika kalankaala kaaranamgaa asea american samaajamlo takkuva nivedinchadam ledhaa rooga nirdhaarana lekapovadam phalitamgaa idhi kaavacchu.
eee janabhalo manasika aarogyaaniki sambandhinchina ganaamkaalanu anchanaa veyadamlo saamskrutika karakalu mukhyamaina paatra poeshistaayi. aneka asea samskrutulalo manasika anaaroogyam chaalaa kalankam kaligistundi, kabatti lakshanaalu takkuvagaa nivedinchabadataayi. asea americanlu manasika ledhaa bhavodvega baadhalo unnappudu vaari european american sahacharula kante ekkuva saareeraka lakshanaalanu vyaktam chestaaru. manasika rugmatalu mariyu lakshanaala vyakteekaranalo eee rakamaina saamskrutika vaividhyam, aarogya samrakshana andubaatulo lekapovadam mariyu manasika aarogya vanarulanu takkuvagaa upayoginchadam valla, parisoedhakulu asea american manasika aarogyam gurinchi khachitamaina ganaamkaalanu pondadamlo ibbandi padutunnaru.
inca, chaalaa mandhi asea americanlu bhasha addamkulu, vibhina bhasha mariyu taraala sangharshanhala nundi oke sangharshanhalaku guravutaaru. udaaharanaku, valasa vacchina asea tallidandrulalo bhinnamaina aangla naipunhyam anedi tallidandrulu mariyu pillala madhya sangharshanaku kaaranam kaavacchu. valasa vacchina chainees kutumbaalalo, tallidandrula taramlo aangla praaveenyam sthaayi pillala mariyu koumaaradasalo unna manasika sreyassu yokka suuchikalatoe sambandham kaligi undani oka adhyayanam choopistundi.
tella americanlu.
americalo jatyahankaram tella americanla aarogyaanni kooda prabhaavitam cheyavachani oohinchabadindi. chaaritraatmakamgaa anachivetaku guraina samuuhaala kante vaaru merugaina aarogyaanni kaligi unnappatikee, itara sampanna deshaalalo swethajaatheeyula kante swethajaatheeyula aarogya paristhiti chaalaa takkuvagaa undhi. itara jaathi samuuhaala patla swetajaateeyulalo jatyahankaram saamaajika sankshema kaaryakramaala patla swethajaatheeyula vyatiraekataku kaaranamaindani, dheeni amalu pedda sankhyalo swethajaatheeyulaku kooda prayojanam chekuurustumdani eee vaadana perkondi. jaathi aadhipatyam yokka antargata bhavalu takkuva aadaaya swetajaateeyulalo niraasatoe maraninche vaari sankhya peragadamlo paatra pooshinchavachchu.
united stateslo opioid antuvyaadhi adhikamgaa tellagaa undhi, african-american mariyu laatino communitylanu vadilivestundi, endukante vaidyulu teliyakundaane vaari tellavaaru kaani rogulaku maadakadravyaalanu marinta jagrattagaa suuchistaaru. "jaathi moosa dhorani tellajati kaani janabhapai rakshanaatmaka prabhavanni chuuputoemdi" anie daa. brandieslo sahakaara opioid palasi research koo-director andrew kolodney.
teaca.
2020loe, alpasankhyaakula praatinidhyaanni penche uddesyamto aadhunika thana covid-19 teaca pareekshalo namodunu mandaginchindi. dasha 1elo, teaca arhata prajaarogya kaaryakartalu mariyu deerghakaalika samrakshana soukaryaala nivaasitulaku matrame vistarinchabadindi. prajaarogya kaaryakartalalo 60 saatam mandhi swethajaatheeyulu. deerghakaalika samrakshana soukaryam nivaasitulaloo 75 saatam mandhi swethajaatheeyulu. september 2020 prakatanaku mundu, namodu chesukunna vaarilo 20 saatam mandhi hysponic/laatinolu mariyu 7 saatam mandhi nallajaateeyulu. faizar vadda, enroleelalo 25 saatam mandhi hysponic ledhaa tellavaaru kaadu, veerilo 8 saatam mandhi nallavaru. oka prabhutva pratinidhi "chaaritraka durviniyogam", "prastuta jaathi anyayalu mariyu aarogya samrakshana asamaanatalu" mariyu "iteevali saamaajika ashanti (mariyu) balaheenapadutunna aardhika vyavastha" nallajaateeyula niyaamakaaniki aatamkam kaliginche karakaluga paerkonnaaru.
aarogya kaaryakartalu.
vaidyamlo alpasankhyaaka praatinidhyam.
minority janabha yuu loe sagam mandiki praatinidhyam vahistundani anchanaa.ess. 2050 natiki janabha antey vaidyamlo marinta praatinidhyam avasaram. aarogya samrakshana yokka bhavishyattuku vibhina vaidyula sraamika saktini kaligi undatam chaalaa avasaramani adhyayanalu choopinchaayi, endukante alpasankhyaaka vidyaarthulu takkuva sevalandinche samaajaalaku aarogya sevalanu andinche avakaasam ekkuvagaa undhi. californialo 2012loe chesina oka adhyayanamlo, alpasankhyaaka nepathyaalaku chendina vaidyulu vaari tellajati sahacharula kante takkuva sevalu ledhaa aarogya korata unna praantaalalo, vaari pratyekata emainappatiki, practies chese avakaasam ekkuvagaa undani kanugonnaru. adhyayananni marinta pariseelinchinappudu, minority nepathyaalaku chendina vaidyulu takkuva sevalandinche praantaalalo panichese avakaasam undani kanugonabadindi, endukante vaarilo chaalaa mandhi adhe takkuva sevalandinche samajalalo perigaaru mariyu unikilo unna aneka aarogya asamaanatalanu chuusaaru. phalitamgaa, vaaru tirigi ivvadaaniki takkuva sevalandinche sanghaalalo panicheyaalani chuusaaru.
aarogya samrakshana sraamikasaktiloo minorityla praatinidhyam takkuva janabha kosam aarogya samrakshana praapyata, aarogya samrakshana pradaatala madhya merugaina saamskrutika prabhavam mariyu janaabhaalooni vyaktulandarinee kaligi unna kotta vaidya parisoedhana vanti aneka saanukuula prabhavalanu kaligi undani itara parisoedhanalu choopinchaayi.
praveshaalalo pokadalu.
eee praatinidhyam nijamgaa jaragaalsina praantam nursing, medicine, dentistry mariyu formacy vanti professional paatasaalala pravesha karyalayalalo praarambhamavutundi. chenee (2019) prakaram, vruttiparamaina vaidya paatasaalalaku darakhaastu chesukune takkuva praatinidhyam kaligina nepathyaala nundi vacchina vidyaarthula sankhya perigindi, conny vaegamgaa perugutunna minority janaabhaaku anugunamgaa eee perugudala saripoledu. mottammeeda, african americanlu, hysponics mariyu american indians ledhaa alaska sthaanika namodu chesukunna vaari vanti takkuva praatinidhyam kaligina minority vaidya paatasaala vidyaarthula sankhya koddigaa perigindi. ayithe, praatinidhyamlo ganankaparamga gananeeyamaina perugudalanu choopinchina ekaika samuuham hysponic streelu. aarogya samrakshana rangamlo vruttini konasagistunna minorityla sankhya takkuvagaa undataaniki dohadapade minority samuuhaalaku prarambha vidya avakaasaalu lekapovadam eee vyaasam lopam
floors und combs (2013) minority darakhaastudaarulanu niyaminchetappudu samsthaagata sthaayilo unna addamkulanu vivaristundi. nursing paatasaalalu vanti samsthalu "pramaanaatmaka charyalapai" panicheestaayi.phalitamgaa, saamaajika moosaposalu samsthala samskrutilo enthagaa choppinchabadindante, samstha yokka vaataavaranaanni marchadam kashtam avutundi. charitra unnanta kaalam, minorityla moosaposalu samaajamlo tama muulaalanu unchaayi mariyu chaalaa varaku netikee nijamainavi. eee kaaranamgaa, aneka samsthalu ippatikee minorityla patla uddesapurvaka mariyu anukokunda pakshapaatam yokka vividha sthaayilanu pradarsistaayi (floors & duvvenalu, 2013). udaaharanaku, idhi nursing rangaanni anveshistundi. paatasaalalo pravesam chaalaa poteegaa unde aneka aarogya samrakshana vruttulalo nursing okati. 2006loe, 85 saataaniki paiga tellajati darakhaastudaarulatoo poliste, alpasankhyaaka darakhaastudaarulu nursing paatasaalalo pravesinchadaaniki 40 saatam matrame avakaasam undhi. 2006 nundi minority darakhaastula aamodam raetlu koddigaa matrame merugupaddayi.
american medical association nundi vacchina dayta prakaram african americanlu, sthaanika americanlu, laatinola nepathyaala vanti vaidya paatasaalaloki pravesinche minority samuuhaala mottam saatam 31 saatamgaa undhi. ayithe, eee 31 saatam mandhi prastuta vaidya paatasaala darakhaastudaarulu, sumaru 15 saatam mandhi vaidya paatasaala graduatelu, 12 saatam mandhi vaidya paatasaala graduatelu, 6 saatam mandhi matrame practies chese vaidyulu avutaaru, migilina 6 saatam mandiki emi jarigindo spashtamgaa teliyadu.
vaidyamlo minority praatinidhyam peragadam.
vaidyasaastramlo vruttini konasaaginchaalanukune vidyaarthulaku vaidyasaastramlo vruttini praarambhinchadaaniki samayam padutundani, gananeeyamaina aardhika pettubadi avasaramani gurtucheyali, akkada aadaayam taruvaata tirigi vastundi. unnata paatasaalalo takkuva praatinidhyam unna samuuhaalanu lakshyamgaa chesukunna marinta prarambha bahirgata karyakramalu sahaayapadataayi, endukante prarambha bahirgatam vaidya paatasaalaku darakhaastula perugudalato mudipadi undhi. eee karyakramalalo, vidyaarthulu vruttiparamaina sambandhaalanu yerparachukovadamto paatu vaari rejyoomlanu kooda nirminchukuntaaru. chivaraga, vidyaaparamaina vijayalapai pratyaekamgaa aadharapadatam kante marinta vaividhyamaina vaidya paatasaala taragatulanu roopondinchadaaniki pravesha vidhaanaalanu savarinchaali. dheeni phalitamgaa, vividha nepathyaalaku chendina rogulanu chusukovadaniki vividha jaathi mariyu saamskrutika nepathyaala sahacharula nundi neerchukunee avakaasam unna aarogya samrakshanhalo saamskrutika saamarthyaanni penchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi.
vimarsalanu.
kontamandi panditulu united stateslo jaathi aarogya asamaanatalapai janyu avagahana kosam vaadinchaaru, konni janyuvulu vyaktulanu nirdishta vyaadhulaku guri chestayani suuchistunnaayi. ayithe, yuu.ess. jaatini jeevasambandhamaina vargamgaa kakunda saamaajika vargamgaa gurtinchadaaniki aarogya asamaanatala kaaranaalapai saamaajika avagahana avasaram. adanamgaa, janabha ganana beuro detaalo "jaathi" mariyu "jaathi" kosam parimitam cheyabadina empikalu vaari phalitaala phalitaalanu klishtataram chestaayi.
eee samasya tamanu taamu hysponic/laatinogaa gurtinchukune vaari udaaharanhatho vivarinchabadindi, saadhaaranamgaa tella, american indian mariyu african puurveekula misramam. konni adhyayanalu dheenini "jaathi" gaa perkonnappatiki, yuu vanti aneka adhyayanalu.ess. janabha ganana, eee samuuhamlooni sabhyulu vyaktigatamgaa gurtinchakapoyina, jabita cheyabadina jaathi vargalalo okatigaa tamanu taamu gurtinchukovadaanni enchukomani balavantam cheyadu. adanamgaa, dwaipaakshika ledhaa bahula jaatigaa gurtinche vyaktulu gurtinchadaaniki oka varganni enchukoovaali, idhi chaalaa mandhi americanla janabha ganana varganni enchukune saamarthyaanni parimitam chestundi. oka janabha ganana vargamtho puurtigaa gurtinchalekapovadam anedi jeevasambandhamaina daanikante aarogya asamaanatalaku saamskrutika, chaaritraka, saamaajika-aardhika vivaranala avasaranni suuchistumdi.
janabha ganana samuuhaalu vaati vistrutata kosam kooda vimarsinchabaddaayi. "jaathi" mariyu "jaathi" lanu samyukta rashtraalalo aneka vidhaluga upayogistaaru, mariyu janabha ganana vargalalo upa samuuhaala lekapovadam prati samuuhamtoe gurtinche prajala vaividhyaanni parigananaloki teesukovadamlo viphalamavutundi. janabha gananaloni prati samuuhamloo aneka praatinidhyam laeni jaathi mariyu jaathi upa-vargaalato gurtinchabade vyaktulu untaaru, ayithe hysponic/laatino jaathi samuuham mariyu asea jaathi samuuham eee vishishtata lekapovadam valla pratyaekamgaa vimarsinchabaddaayi.

