
ullanghana mapp

beejaganita topologylo, atikramana patam anedi cohomology taragatulanu badilee cheyadaaniki oka maargam.
idhi sambhavistundi, udaaharanaku dravyolbana-parimiti khachitamaina kramamlo samuuha samaruupataloo, mariyu fibers ekikaranalo. idhi sahajamgaa aneka varnapata shrenulalo kooda udbhavistundi; varnapatam sequence#edge pataalu mariyu atikramanalanu chudandi.
dravyolbanam-parimiti khachitamaina kramam.
dravyolbana-parimiti khachitamaina kramamlo atikramana patam kanipistundi, idhi samuuha samaruupataloo sambhavinche khachitamaina kramam. g" oka samuuham, "n" oka saadhaarana upa samuuham, mariyu "a" anedi "g", i charyatho kuudina abelian samuuham anukundam.ii., "g" nundi "a" yokka automorphism groupuku homomorphism. coashant group formula _ 1 panichestundi 
appudu dravyolbana-parimiti khachitamaina kramam ilaa untundih
ullanghana patam mapp suutram _ 4.
ullanghana anedi saadhaarana suutram _ 5 kosam nirvachinchabadindi, 
suutram _ 8 kosam suutram _ 7 ayithe matrame.