
bellarus genda

bellarus jaateeya genda erupu mariyu aakupaccha genda, eguravese (sibbandi) chivaralo tella mariyu erupu aabharanaala namuunaa unchabadutundi. prastuta roopakalpananu 2012loe bellarus ganatantram yokka praamaaneekarana kosam rashtra kamitee pravesapettindi, mariyu 1995 mae loe prajabhipraya sekaranalo aamodinchabadina roopakalpana nundi sweekarinchabadindi. idhi desham soviet union yokka ganatantramgaa unnappudu upayoginchina 1951 genda yokka savarana. soviet yugapu gendaalo chesina maarpulu communist chihnalanu tolaginchadam-sutthi mariyu kodavali mariyu erra nakshatram-alaage aabharana namuunaalooni rangulanu tippadam. 1995 prajabhipraya sekarana nundi, bellarus prabhutva adhikarulu mariyu agencylu upayoginchina aneka jendaalu eee jaateeya gendapai roopondinchabaddaayi.
chaaritraatmakamgaa, 1918loe bellarus soviet republic kaavadaaniki mundu, paschima belaaraslo bellarus jaateeya udyamam, 1942 mariyu 1944 madhya bellarus naajii aakramana samayamlo vistrutamgaa anadhikarikamga upayoginchina taruvaata, mariyu 1991loe tirigi swaatantryam pondina taruvaata 1995 prajabhipraya sekarana varaku, tella-erupu-telupu jendaanu bellarus prajala ganatantram upayoginchindi. pratipaksha samuuhaalu eee jendaanu upayoginchadam konasaginchayi, ayithe bellarus loe daani pradarsananu bellarus prabhutvam parimitam chesindi, idhi rendava prapancha yuddhamlo bellarus sahakarulu upayoginchinanduna naajii sahakaaramtho mudipadi undani perkondi. prabhutvaaniki vyatiraekamgaa nirasanallo, iteevala 2020-2021 belarasian nirasanalu mariyu belarasian pravaasulu tella-erupu-telupu jendaanu upayoginchaaru.
design.
bellarus jaateeya genda yokka praathamika roopakalpana modata adhyaksha decree nem. 7 juun 1995 naati 214. genda rendu kshitija samaantara chaaralatho kuudina deerghachaturasraakaara vastramh genda yokka ettulo moodinta rendu vantulanu kappi unche erupu eguva chaara, mariyu moodinta oka vanthu kappi unche aakupaccha diguva chaara. genda podavulo tommidava vanthu aakraminchina niluvu erupu-paie-telupu saampradaaya belarasian alankaara namuunaanu jendaaku vyatiraekamgaa unchutaaru. genda yokka vedalpu mariyu podavu nishpatti 1:2.
sutthi mariyu kodavali mariyu erra nakshatraanni tolaginchadam, alaage eguravese namoonaalo erupu mariyu telupu yokka tirogamanam, telupu-paie-erupu nundi erupu-paie-telupu varaku kakunda, genda bilorutian soviet soshalistu republic (bilorutian ssr) jendaaku gananeeyamgaa bhinnamgaa ledhu. genda rangulaku adhikaarika vivarana laenappatikee, adhyakshudu alegzander lukashenko icchina vivarana emitante, erupu rangu swechhanu mariyu dhesha puurveekula tyaagaanni suuchistumdi, aakupaccha rangu jeevitaanni suuchistumdi.
1995 decreaki adanamgaa, "STB 911-2008: bellarus republic jaateeya jendaanu" 2008loe bellarus republic praamaaneekarana kosam rashtra kamitee prachurinchindi. idhi jaateeya genda yokka saanketika vivaranalanu, rangulu mariyu aabharanaala namuunaala vivaraalanu andistundi. jaateeya gendapai errati aabharanaala roopakalpana, 2012 varaku, genda vedalpu, mariyu tellati anchutho undedi. 2012 natiki, errati namuunaa mottam tellati anchunu aakraminchindi (idhi akkade undipoyindi).
rangulu.
jaateeya genda yokka rangulu "STB 911-2008: republic off bellarus yokka jaateeya genda" loe niyantrinchabadataayi mariyu Cie praamaanika prakaasinchae d65 loe jabita cheyabadataayi.
eguravese alankaara namuunaa.
1917loe roopondinchina alankaara namuunaa, genda eguraveyadampai pradarsinchabadutundi (idhi gatamlo 1951 gendapai unnatlugaa). sthaanika mokkalu mariyu puvvula nundi udbhavinchina namuunaa, saadhaaranamgaa belaaraslo upayoginche saampradaaya rakam. eee namuunaalanu konnisaarlu nesina dustulalo upayogistaaru, mukhyamgaa saampradaaya "ruchnik" loe, mataparamaina sevalu, antyakriyalu mariyu itara chinna saamaajika kaaryakramaala kosam upayoginche nesina vastram, atithulaku rotte mariyu uppunu andinchadam vanti atidheyulu rukniklo vaddistaaru.
matrona markevic bhartha soviet vyatiraeka prachaaraaniki arrestu cheyabaddaadu mariyu 1937loe belaaraslo soviet anachiveta samayamlo uriteeyabaddaadu, aaa taruvaata kutumbam deculakise cheyabadindi. asalu "ruchnik" manugada saaginchaledu mariyu 1937loe enn. keey. vii. dii. chetha swaadheenam cheyabadindi ledhaa rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo naasanam cheyabadindi. bellarus academy off sciences loe ethnography mariyu jaanapada vibhaagaaniki adhipati ayina matrona markevic sodarudu mikhail katsar, 1951loe bellarus ssr kosam kotta jendaanu roopondinchaalani aadesinchina commissionlo cherchabaddaadu. 2015loe sianolo matrona markevic smaaraka chihnanni nirminchaaru.
genda protocol.
bellarus chattam prakaram, eee krindi pradaesaala nundi jendaanu pratiroojuu eguraveyali, vaataavarana anumatitoh
pratyeka sandarbhaalalo bellarus jendaanu kooda adhikarikamga eguravestaaruh
bellarus doutyavettalu mariyu vividha prabhutva adhikarulu (adhyakshudu mariyu pradhana mantri vantivi) vahanalapai jendaanu pradarsistaaru. smaaraka sevalu mariyu kutumba selavulu vanti pratyeka sandarbhaallo, dheenini praja samsthalu, companylu mariyu engiolu nirvahinche vedukalu mariyu karyakramalalo upayoginchavacchu. belarasian jendaanu nirvachinchina adhe decreelo nibandhanalu jaarii cheyabaddaayi. bellarus saayudha dalaalalo gaardu unitla badgelo jaateeya jendaanu chaerchaaru. stambham genda vedalpu kante moodu retlu ekkuva podavu undaali.
1995 adhyaksha decree prakaram, jaateeya jendaanu bangaaru rangu (ochar) gala sibbandipai upayoginchaali. protocol yokka itara bhagalu mugimpu (genda stambhampai lohapu aabharanam) nuu vajra aakaaramlo mariyu pasupu lohamlo varninchabadi untaayi. eee vajramlo aidu koonaala nakshatram undhi (jaateeya chihnamlo upayoginchina daanitoe samanamga). diamond namuunaa soviet genda sampradaayaala yokka maroka konasaagimpunu suuchistumdi. bellarus jaateeya chihnam mariyu genda roeju mae 15.
chaaritraka jendaalu.
telupu-erupu-telupu genda.
1918loe bellarus soviet republic kaavadaaniki mundu bellarus prajala ganatantram tella-erupu-telupu jendaanu upayoginchindi, taruvaata paschima belaaraslo bellarus jaateeya udyamam 1942 mariyu 1944 madhya bellarus naajii aakramana samayamlo vistrutamgaa anadhikarikamga upayoginchindi, mariyu 1991loe daani swaatantryam tirigi pondina taruvaata 1995 prajabhipraya sekarana varaku. 
pratipaksha samuuhaalu eee jendaanu upayoginchadam konasaginchayi, ayithe bellarus loe daani pradarsananu bellarus prabhutvam parimitam chesindi, idhi rendava prapancha yuddhamlo bellarus sahakarulu upayoginchinanduna naajii sahakaaramtho mudipadi undani perkondi. prabhutvaaniki vyatiraekamgaa nirasanallo, iteevala 2020-2021 belarasian nirasanalu mariyu belarasian pravaasulu tella-erupu-telupu jendaanu upayoginchaaru.
soviet shakam.
1919-1951.
1951 kii mundu, viplavam nundi aneka vibhina jendaalu upayogamlo unnaayi. mottamodati genda saadaa erupu rangulo undedi, 1919loe lithuvanian-bilorutian soviet soshalistu republic unikilo unnappudu upayoginchabadindi. bilorutian ssr erpadina taruvaata, aksharalu ssrb (ssrb) nuu bangaaramlo eguravese chotiki jodinchaaru. eee roopakalpana bilorutian ssr yokka modati rajyangam aamodamto sthaapinchabadindi. idhi taruvaata 1927 rajyangamlo savarinchabadindi, ikkada aksharaalanu βssr (bssr) gaa marcharu, conny mottam roopakalpananu adhe vidhamgaa unchaaru. 1937loe aksharaala paina sutthi, kodavali mariyu erra nakshatram unchinappudu eee roopakalpana maarchabadindi. genda kolatalu kooda modatisaarigaa 1:2 gaa adhikarikamga sthaapinchabaddaayi. 1951loe jendaanu sweekarinche varaku eee genda upayogamlo undipoyindi, idhi aksharaalanu tolaginchindi.
1951-1991.
1951 december 25naa bilorutian ssr jendaanu decree dwara sweekarinchaaru. 1956loe erra nakshatram mariyu bangaaru sutthi mariyu kodavali kosam nirmaana vivaraalanu jodinchinappudu jendaanu koddigaa savarinchaaru. genda yokka tudi lakshanaalu bilorutian ssr raajyaangamlooni artical 120loe sett cheyabaddaayi mariyu prastuta belarasian jendaatho chaalaa pooli untaayi. soviet union (mariyu itara padnaalugu union republicla) genda maadirigaane genda podavu-vedalpu nishpatti okati nundi rendu (1:2) kaligi undhi. genda yokka pradhana bhaagam erupu (viplavanni suuchistumdi), migilinavi aakupaccha (belarasian adavulanu suuchistumdi). genda eguravese bhaganni alankarinchina erupu rangulo tellati namuunaa geeyabadindi; eee roopakalpananu tarachugaa belarasian saampradaaya dustulapai upayogistaaru. genda eguva muulaloe, erra bhaagamlo, oka bangaaru sutthi mariyu kodavali jodinchabadindi, daani paina bangaaramlo erra nakshatram choopabadindi. sutthi kaarmikudini, mariyu kodavali raitunu suuchistumdi; soviet bhaavajaalam prakaram, eee rendu chihnalu kalisi rendu vargaala madhya sahakaranni suuchistaayi. communistu paarteelu saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche chihnamaina erra nakshatram, aidu saamaajika samuuhaalu (kaarmikulu, yuvata, raitulu, sainyam mariyu vidyaavaettalu), aidu telisina khandaalu ledhaa karmikudi chethi yokka aidu vellaku nilabadi untundani cheppabadindi. sutthi, kodavali mariyu nakshatram konnisaarlu genda venuka bhaagamlo pradarsinchabadaledu. eee roopakalpana yokka uddesyam emitante, soviet union mariyu ukrainian ssr latho paatu bilorutian ssr, 1945loe vyavasthaapaka sabhyuluga aikyaraajyasamitilo cherchabaddaayi mariyu okadaanikokati vibhina jendaalu avasaramayyayi. jendaanu roopondinchina vyakti mikhail gusiev.
1995 prajabhipraya sekarana.
rashtra chihnalanu sweekarinchadaaniki jarigina prajabhipraya sekarana 1995 mae 14naa jarigindi. 64.7% otaru namoduto, kotta jendaanu moodu nundi oka (75.1% nundi 24.9%) nishpattilo majority aamodinchindi. migilina moodu prasnalanu kooda otarlu paas chesaaru. prajabhipraya sekarananu nirvahinche vidhaanamtho paatu prajabhipraya sekaranapai jaateeya chihnalanu prasninche chattabaddhatanu pratipakshaalu teevramgaa vimarsinchaayi. mottam oating janabhalo (polling stationlalo choopinchina 64.7% yokka 75.1%) matrame kotta jendaanu sweekarinchadaaniki maddatu icchaarani pratipaksha paarteelu perkonnaayi, ayithe belarasian chattam (aneka itara deshaalalo vale) prajabhipraya sekarana samasyapai nirnayam teesukoovadaaniki majority otarlu matrame avasaramani perkondi. adhyakshudu lukashenkoku anukuulamgaa vacchina phalitaala taruvaata, soviet taraha genda tirigi ravadam deshaaniki yuvata bhavanni, aahlaadakaramaina ghnaapakaalanu tecchindani ayana prakatinchaaru.
lukashenko 1993loe ilanti prajabhipraya sekarananu nirvahinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru, conny parliamentary maddatu pondadamlo viphalamayyaru. 1995 mae prajabhipraya sekaranaku rendu nelala mundu, lukashenko rendu chinna aakupaccha patteelu mariyu oka vistruta erupu patteetho kuudina genda roopakalpananu pratipaadinchaaru. eee suuchana emi jarigindo teliyakapoyinappatiki, konni rojula taruvaata kotta namuunaalu (belaaraslo "prajectulu" anie pilustaaru) suuchimchabaddaayi, taruvaata 1995 prajabhipraya sekaranalo ootu vaeyadaaniki unchabaddaayi.
itara sambandhita jendaalu.
1995loe jendaanu pravesapettinappati nundi, prabhutva samsthalu ledhaa samsthalu sweekarinchina aneka itara jendaalu daanipai roopondinchabaddaayi.
1997 nundi upayogamlo unna adhyaksha pramaanaanni "republic off bellarus adhyakshudi pramaanaaniki sambandhinchina" decree dwara sweekarinchaaru. praamaanika roopakalpana jaateeya genda yokka khachitamaina coppy, bangaaram mariyu erupu rangulalo belarasian jaateeya chihnanni jodinchadam. praamaanikam yokka nishpatti 5:6 jaateeya jendaaku bhinnamgaa untundi, idhi praamaanikam daadaapu chadarapugaa chestundi. idhi bhavanaalalo mariyu vahanalapai rashtrapati unikini suuchimchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi.
2001loe adhyakshudu lukashenko bellarus saayudha dalaalaku jendaanu manjuru chestu oka uttarvu jaarii chesaaru. 1: 1.7 nishpattilo unna genda, genda eguravese vaipu podavutho paatu jaateeya alankaara namuunaanu kaligi untundi. genda mundu bhaagamlo belarussian kotu off arms undhi, daani meeda eusbronia silee ("saayudha dalaalu") anae padaalu vrayabadi unnaayi, mariyu respabliki belus ("republic off bellarus") krinda vraayabadindi; rendinti vachanam bangaaramlo undhi. genda venuka bhaagamlo, madhyalo saayudha dalaala chihnam undhi, idhi ook mariyu laurel pushpaguchchamtho chuttumuttabadina erra nakshatram. chihnaniki paina 'naashu radjimu' ("mana matrubhumi kosam") anae padabandham undagaa, sainika vibhagam yokka puurti paeru krinda undhi.