phumonesine phumonesine

phumonysine phumonesine anedi phumonysinlu anie piluvabade vishapadaardhaala kutumbamlo atyanta prabalamaina sabhyudu, idhi pradhanamgaa mokkajonna (mokkajonna), godhumalu mariyu itara trunadhaanyaalalo sambhavinche "fusarium verticilioids" vanti aneka jaatula "fusarium" acchula dwara utpatti avutundi. mokkajonna yokka phumonesine phumonesine kalushyam prapanchavyaaptamgaa enji/kilola sthaayilo nivedinchabadindi. maanava bahirgatam rojuku microgramula nundi milligramula sthaayilalo sambhavistundi mariyu mokkajonna utpattulu aahaaramlo pradhaanamaina praantaalalo idhi ekkuvagaa untundi.
pareekshinchina anni janthu jaatulalo phumonysine phumonesine hepatotoxic mariyu nephrotoxic. fumanysine-chikitsa cheyabadina jantuvula kaaleyam ledhaa moothrapindaalalo kanipinche mottamodati hystological maarpu apoptosis peragadam, taruvaata punarutpaadaka kanaala vistarana. phumonysine yokka teevramaina vishapuuritam takkuvagaa unnappatikee, idhi vaegamgaa praarambhamayye pempudu jantuvulalo sambhavinche rendu vyaadhulaku telisina kaaranamh eekwain leukoencephalomalasia mariyu porsin pulmonary edema syndrome. eee rendu vyaadhulalo spingolipid jeevakriyaku bhangam kaliginchadam mariyu hridayanaala panicheyakapovadam untaayi.
charitra.
charitra, dakshinaafrikaalo gurraalalo leukoencephalomalasia vyaapti "fusarium verticilioids" anae phangasto mokkajonna kaalushyamto mudipadi undhi. idhi mokkajonnatho mudipadi unna atyanta prabalamaina vittana-aadhaarita sileendhraalalo okati. dakshinaafrikaalooni oka praantamloo maanava annavahika cancer yokka kaaranaala saastramlo shilindhra vishapadaardhaala paatrapai maroka adhyayanam jarigindi. eee praantamloo nivasinche prajala aaharam intlo pandinchina mokkajonna mariyu "eff. annavahika cancer ekkuvagaa unna vyaktulu tine mokkajonnalo verticilioids atyanta prabalamaina fungus. leukoencephalomalasia marinta vyaapti mariyu annavahika cancer adhika sambhaavyata kaligina konni praantaalalo prajalu "eff" paie marinta parisoedhanaku daariteesindi. verticilioids ". twaralone vaaru prayogaatmakamgaa "f" anie kanugonnaru. verticilioids gurraalalo leukoencephalomalasia mariyu pandulalo porsain pulmonary edimaaku kaaranamayyaayi. idhi elukalalo atyanta hepatotoxic mariyu cardiotoxic gaa unnatlu kanugonabadindi. swabhaavam eee fungus elukalalo hepatocarcinogenic anie choopabadindi. veetannintikee kaaranamayye jeevakriya yokka rasayana swabhaavam swabhaavam inca kanugonabadaledu. fungus yokka carcinogenicity, isolation mariyu mycotoxins mariyu carcinogenla rasayana lakshanaalanu kanugonna taruvaata "eff" dwara utpatti cheyabadindi. verticilioids "atyavasaram. 1988 varaku carcinogen yokka rasayana swabhaavam velladi kaaledu. fumanysine phumonesine mariyu fumanysine bii1 luu eff samskrutula nundi vaeru cheyabaddaayi. mycotoxins mariyu prayogaatmaka carcinogenesis paie kaaryakramamlo verticilioids. council pharr scientific und industrial research sahakaaramtho nirmaanaalanu spashtam chesaaru. ghana vari pempakamlo fumanysine phumonesine yokka aneka isomerlu kanugonabaddayi. ippudu 100 kante ekkuva ververu fumanisinlu telisinavi, vaatilo atyanta mukhyamainavi fumanysine phumonesine, bii1 mariyu mariyu.
taxicokinetics.
taxicokineticsku sambandhinchi maanava dayta andubaatulo ledhu, conny jantuvulapai parisoedhana jarigindi.
shoshana.
eff. bii. 1 nuu aaharam dwara noti dwara teesukuntaaru. mottammeeda, dwara paelavamgaa grahinchabadutundi, 6 saatam kante takkuva.
noti dwara ichhe phumonesine phumonesine (10 mii. graa./kilola shareera baruvu) nuu elukalaku grahinchadam takkuvagaa untundi (motaadulo 3.5 saatam) conny vaegamgaa untundi (timax = 1⁄2 gamm).
fb1 maanava charmam dwara gananeeyamgaa vyaapinchadu mariyu anduvalla charma bahirgatam tarvaata gananeeyamaina daihika aarogya pramaadam ledhu.
pampinhee.
shoshana tarvaata, konni kaaleyam mariyu moothrapindaalalo nilupukunnatlu kanipistaayi. aneka vaaraala paatu fumanisinlanu kaligi unna aaharaanni tinipinchina elukalaku, moothrapindaallo fumanisinla saandratalu kaaleyamtho poliste sumaru 10 retlu ekkuvagaa undevi.
soshinchabadina motaadu yokka plasma pampinhee rendu-compartment open modal mariyu kanajaalam (kaaleyam, moothrapindaalu) ekagrata samaya phalitaalaku anugunamgaa oka-compartment open modalku anugunamgaa untundi.
visarjinchadam.
elukalalo tolagimpu ardha-jeevitam plasma kosam 3.15 gantalu, kaaleyaaniki 4.07 gantalu mariyu moothrapindaalaku 7.07 gantalu. ayithe, fb1 vaegamgaa daani asalu roopamlo visarjinchabadutundi. chinna mottaalu moothramlo visarjinchabadataayi; chaalaa varaku malam loe visarjinchabadataayi.
taxic dynamics.
vaati saaruupyata kaaranamgaa, fumanisinlu sphingosine-sphinganin-badileelu mariyu seramid synthesisnu nirodhinchagalavu mariyu anduvalla sphingolipid biosynthesis mariyu jeevakriya yokka pootii nirodhakaalu.
chitram 2 spingolipid jeevakriya (kramabaddheekarana) mariyu fumanisinla valla kalige nirodhakatanu chooputundi. phumonysine phumonesine anedi seramide synthase (sphingosine "enn"-asil transferes) anae enjaimnu nirodhistundi, idhi sphingoid bays lanu asylate chestundi. idhi rendu maargaala dwara seramid erpadataanni addukuntundi. idhi dii novo sphinganine mariyu kovvu asail-koo dwara mariyu seramidase dwara seramid vichchinnam dwara utpatti cheyabadina sphingosine dwara dii erpadataanni nirodhistundi.
nirodham phalitamgaa sphinganin, sphingosine mariyu vaati 1-fasfate metabolites yokka saandratalu perugutaayi mariyu sanklishta sphingolypids yokka saandratalu taggutaayi.
spinganin mariyu spingosin perukupovadam anedi phumonesine phumonesine spinganin vishapuuritataku pradhana kaaranam mariyu spingosin cytotoxic, mariyu perugudala nirodhaka prabhavalanu kaligi untaayi. alaage, eee spingoid bays apoptosisnu prerepistaayi. kaniti preranatho sahaa vishapuurita prabhavalalo perigina apoptosis mukhyamaina paatra pooshistunnatlu telustondi. 
ayithe, seramide yokka taggina saandrata mariyu spingosin-1-fasfate yokka perigina saandrata saandrata teesukovadam phalitamgaa) apoptosis nirodhakataku kaaranamavutundani mariyu mytosis mariyu punarutpattini prothsahistundani paerkonaali. apoptosisnu nirodhinche sammelanaala kanaantara ekagrata mariyu apoptosisnu prerepinche vaati madhya samatulyata cellular pratispandananu nirnayistundi.
alaage, sanklishtamaina sphingolipidla yokka taggina saandratalu prabhaavita kanaala asaadhaarana pravartana mariyu marchabadina padanirmaana saastramlo paatra poeshistaayi.
charya yokka yantraangam.
pratipaadita charya yokka vidhanam chitram chitram chithreekarinchabadindi. phumonesine phumonesine seramid syntheslo spinganin (ledhaa spingosin) mariyu kovvu asail-koo rendinti yokka sthalam mariyu sthiravidyuth paraspara charyalanu aakramistundi. spingoid bays (aminopentol bhaagam) thoo nirmaana saaruupyata kaligina fb1 yokka bhaagam spinganine binding saitto sankarshana chendavacchu, ayithe pratikuulamgaa chaarj cheyabadina tricorbillic assid samuuhaalu kovvu asail-koo binding saitto sankarshana chendavacchu.
dwara kovvu asail-koo sthalaanni kooda aakramistundi kabatti, idhi assilated kaadu, endukante asileshanku asail-koo avasaram; dwara seramide synthesnu matrame nirodhistundi. ayithe, tricorbillic aamlam samuuhaalanu jalavisleshana dwara dwara nundi tolaginchinappudu, phalitamgaa vachhe utpatti (aminopentol, (aminopentol nirodhakam vale matrame kakunda, seramid synthesku uparitalamgaa kooda panichestundi; aminopentaalnu seramid synthase dwara asylate chesi chesi nuu yerparustundi. idhi idhi aminopental bhaagam enjaimlo sphinganine sthalaanni aakramistundane suuchanaku maddatu istundi. istundi anedi seramid synthase yokka marinta saktivantamaina nirodhakam mariyu anduvalla nixtamalized phumonesinla vishapuuritataloo paatra poeshistumdi.
vishapuurita prabhavalu.
rasayana bhadratapai prapancha aarogya samstha yokka antarjaateeya karyakramam mariyu european commission yokka aahaarampai shaastreeya kamitee dwara phumonesine phumonesine yokka pramaadaalanu anchanaa veyabadindi. vaaru fb1, fb2, fb3 kosam, ontarigaa ledhaa 2 microgramula/kilola shareera baruvutho kalipi, sahinchadagina rojuvaaree teesukovadam nirnayinchaaru. 
ippati varaku, maanavulalo fumanysine phumonesine yokka gatisastram mariyu jeevakriya gurinchi aemee nivedinchabadaledu. itara jantuvulapai chaalaa parisoedhanalu jarigaayi, conny idhi maanavulato polchadaginadi kakapovachhu. elukalalo dwara tolagimpu chaalaa vaegamgaa untundi, conny maanavulalo vaari shareera baruvunu parigananaloki teesukunte idhi chaalaa nemmadigaa untundi. 
phumonesine phumonesine yokka vishapuurita prabhavalanu kaliginche aneka margalu unnaayi. chaalaa vishapuurita prabhavalu seramid synthase nirodham dwara maarina sphingolipid jeevakriya kaaranamgaa untaayi.
reactive oxygen jaatula utpatti jaragavacchu. idhi aakseekarana ottidini penchutundi mariyu lipid peroxidation prerepistundi mariyu kanaalanu debbateestundi. dheeniki anugunamgaa konni adhyayanalu kaaleyamlo glutathione sthaayilu taggayani choopinchaayi, ayithe itara adhyayanalu kooda glutathione sthaayilu periginatlu choopinchaayi. cytotoxic prabhavalu kooda nivedinchabaddaayi.
ద్వారాకii gurikavadam valla vachhe maroe prabhavam apoptosis. idhi aneka vibhina kanaalu mariyu kanajaalaalo gamaninchabadindi. seramid synthase nirodham eee prabhaavaaniki baadhyata vahinchadu. pradhana karakalu dna fragmentation mariyu cospace-3 activation kaavacchu.
dwara kooda roganirodhaka saktini prabhaavitam chese prabhavalanu kaligi undhi, conny roganirodhaka vyavasthapai prabhaavaala gurinchi spashtamaina avalokanaanni pondadaaniki marinta parisoedhana avasaram.
maanavulalo vishapuurita prabhavalu.
neural tube lopaalu.
neural tube lopam anedi neural tube moosiveyadamlo vaiphalyam phalitamgaa pindamlooni medadu mariyu vennupamu yokka asaadhaaranatalu. epidemiological adhyayanalu mariyu clinical trials neural tube lopalaku folate lopam pradhana pramaada karakamga suuchimchaayi. dwara sphingolipid jeevakriyaku antaraayam kaligistundi, anduvalla idhi folate teesukoovadaanni prabhaavitam chestundi mariyu neural tube lopaalanu kaligistundi.
1990 mariyu mariyu texas-mexico sarihaddu vembadi akasmaattugaa neural tube lopaalu sambhavinchaayi. munupati samvatsaraallo mokkajonnalo adhika sthaayilo dwara undatam valla eee vyaapti sambhavinchi undavacchani nammutaaru. chaina mariyu dakshinaafrikaalooni adhika mokkajonna viniyogam unna praantaalalo kooda neural tube lopaalu ekkuvagaa unnaayi.
annanaala cancer.
f" sambhavinchadam madhya sambandham undani bhaavistaaru. verticilioids mariyu maanava annavahika cancer. takkuva saamaajika aardhika sthithi mariyu takkuva vaividhyamaina aaharam, pradhanamgaa mokkajonna mariyu godhumalanu kaligi untundi, idhi annavahika cancer roopamtho mudipadi untundi. idhi vividha deshaalalo epidemiologic adhyayanala nundi udbhavinchindi. itara adhyayanalu dwara, efbi1 mariyu "eff" yokka adhika saandratalu chuupistunnaayi. annanaala cancer adhika saatam unna praantaalalo perugutunna mokkajonnalo verticilioids untaayi. idhi takkuva sthaayi "f" unna praantaalaku viruddhamgaa untundi. verticilioids, "mokkajonnalo fb1 mariyu fb2. dheeniki adanamgaa, takkuva mokkajonna teesukune vyaktula kante ekkuva mokkajonna teesukune vyaktulaku annavahika cancer vachhe pramaadam ekkuvagaa unnatlu telustondi. itali, iraan, kenia, zimbabwe, united states mariyu brazil praantaalalo annavahika cancer adhika sambhaavyata kaligina prajalu dheenini gamaninchaaru.
spingolipid sthaayilu mariyu cancer sambhavinche madhya sambandhaanni gurinchina maroka adhyayanam seeram spingolipids mariyu annavahika cancer pramaadaaniki madhya etuvanti mukhyamaina sambandhaanni choopinchaledu. idhi chaalaa visaeshamainadi, endukante adhika sthaayi spingolipids spinganin mariyu spingosinlu dwara bahirgatam kaavadaaniki biomarkerluga nammutaaru.
teevramaina mycotoxicosis.
acute mycotoxicosis anedi sileendhraala dwara kalushitamaina aahara utpattula dwara vachhe aahara vishaprayogam. vishaprayogam bharatadesamloni 27 gramalalo atisaaram mariyu kadupu noppi lakshanaalatoo kuudina vyaadhi vyaapti chendindi. varshaala valla nashtam kaaranamgaa booju jonna mariyu mokkajonna viniyogam phalitamgaa idhi jarigindi. eee vyaapti adhyayanam cheyabadindi mariyu mycotoxicosis puliyani rotte viniyogamtho mudipadi undhi. mokkajonna, jonna namuunaalanu illa nundi sekarinchi pareekshinchaaru. mokkajonna mariyu jonna fusarium mariyu aspergillus dwara kalushitamayyayi mariyu prabhaavitam kaani gruhaala namuunaalatoe poliste adhika sthaayilo dwara kaligi unnaayi.
jantuvulalo vishapuurita prabhavalu.
jantuvulalo dwara yokka vishapuurita prabhavalapai chaalaa parisoedhanalu jarigaayi. inn vivo adhyayanalu kaaleyam mariyu moothrapindaalu pradhana lakshya avayavalu anie suuchistunnaayi. phumonysinlu paelavamgaa grahinchabadataayi, vaegamgaa tolaginchabadataayi mariyu jantuvulalo jeevakriya cheyabadavu. pandulu mariyu elukalalo dwara vistrutamgaa vyaapinchi undhi mariyu chinna mottaalu kaaleyam mariyu moothrapindaalalo matrame paerukupoetunnaayani kanugonabadindi. vervet kotulalo, konni dwara pegullo paakshikamgaa jalavisleshanam cheyabadutundi.
carcinogenic prabhavalu.
FB1 kaniti erpadataaniki guraina elukalu mariyu elukalalo sambhavinchindi. eee amsampai aneka adhyayanalu jarigaayi. upayoginchabadutunna elukala jaatini batti vividha carcinomalu chuupimchabaddaayi. fb1 nangenotoxic gaa choopabadindi. anduvalla, cancer abhivruddhiki baadhyata vahinche yantraamgaalu vaerae chota undaali. fumanysine phumonesine kaaranamgaa cancer abhivruddhiki mukhyamaina yantraamgaalu aakseekarana nashtam (reactive oxygen jaatula utpatti) mariyu lipid peroxidation kaavacchu. hepatic mariyu moothrapindaala kanitulu kooda dwara dwara apoptosis kaaranamgaa undavacchu. dheeniki pratispandanagaa kanaala nirantara punarutpatti undavacchu, idhi cancerku kaaranamavutundi. vishapuurita prabhaavaala vishayamlo maadirigaane, debbatinna sphingolipid jeevakriya anedi anedi carcinogenesityki kaarana karakamga unnatlu telustondi. 
eee janthu adhyayanala aadhaaramgaa eff. bii. 1 nuu cancer (ii. yea. aarr. sii) paie parisoedhana kosam antarjaateeya samstha manavulaku (group (group bahusha cancer karakamga vargeekarinchindi.
porsain pulmonary edema.
edema "eff" kalushitamaina mokkajonnaku guraina taruvaata pulmonary edimaatho unna swine gurinchi modati nivedika tarvaata dwara kaaranamgaa porsain pulmonary edimaanu teevramgaa adhyayanam chesaaru. verticilioids ". mukhyamgaa oopiritittulu, gunde, moothrapindaalu mariyu kaaleya kanajaalamlo spingolipid jeevasamshleshanhalo maarpu nivedinchabadindi. praanaantakamaina pulmonary edema anedi fb1> 16 mg/kilola shareera baruvu (> millionku 92 bhagalu) saandratalatoe aaharam teesukunna 4-7 rojullone abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. millionku 10 bhagala motaadu pulmonary edema yokka telikapati roopaaniki kaaranamaindi.
gurrapu emukala vyaadhi.
leukoencephalomalasia anedi gurralaku sambandhinchina neurotoxic vyaadhi. 20va sataabdamloo eee vyaadhi vyaapti aneka adhyayanalaku daariteesindi. spashtamgaa eee vyaadhiki dwara kaaranam. kaaleya nashtanni soochinche seeram enjaim sthaayilu perigina sthaayilu chuupimchabaddaayi. avi saadhaaranamgaa sphinganine/sphingosine nishpatti yokka etthu dwara gamaninchabaddaayi. perigina sphinganin/sphingosine nishpatti kaaranamgaa fb1 bahusha hridayanaala paniteerunu prerepistundi. idhi leukoencephalomalasiac kaaranamayye pradhana karakallo okati kaavacchu.
prayogasaala jantuvulalo vishapuuritam.
elukalaku 90 rojula varaku dwara tinipinchadam valla vachhe prabhavalu saadhaaranamgaa nephrotoxicitiga untaayi. elukala yokka vividha jaatula madhya, fb1 kuu sunnitatvam bhinnamgaa untundi. moothrapindaalalo pradhana prabhavam apoptosis. gottala ksheenata mariyu punarutpatti alaage moothrapindaala baruvu taggadam kooda nivedinchabadindi. eluka kaaleyampai hystopathologic prabhavalu swalpakaalika mariyu deerghakaalika bahirgatam tarvaata nivedinchabaddaayi. pradhana kaaranam apoptosis. 
elukalatho poliste elukalu nephrotoxic prabhaavaalaku chaalaa sunnitamgaa unnatlu anipinchavu. eluka moothrapindaalalo adhika motaadu bahirgatam cheyadam dwara chinna hystological maarpulu kanipinchaayi. elukalalo kaaleyam kooda pradhana lakshya avayavam. apoptosis mariyu hepatocellular hyperplasiatho elukalalo maadirigaane pathology untundi.
motaadu prasuuti vishapuuritamainadi ayithe phumonesine phumonesine bahusha pinda vishapuuritam kaavacchu. genotoxicitypy aneka adhyayanalu utparivartana prabhavalanu soochinchaledu. ayithe phumonysine reactive oxygen jaatula utpatti dwara neerugaa dnanu debbateestundi.
eluka pindaalu ద్వారాకii gurayyayi mariyu avi nirodhinchabadina sphingolipid samslaeshanha mariyu perugudalanu choopinchaayi. idhi neural tube lopalaku kaaranamaindi. folic assid teesukovadam natakeeyamgaa nirodhinchabadindi. folic assid bahirgatam ayina tarvaata chikitsa neural tube lopaalanu 50-65% dwara tagginchindi.
sahinchadagina rojuvaaree teesukovadam.
rasayana bhadratapai prapancha aarogya samstha yokka antarjaateeya karyakramam mariyu european commission yokka aahaarampai shaastreeya kamitee dwara phumonesine phumonesine yokka pramaadaalanu anchanaa veyabadindi. vaaru fb1, fb2, fb3 kosam, ontarigaa ledhaa 2 microgramula/kilola shareera baruvutho kalipi, sahinchadagina rojuvaaree teesukovadam nirnayinchaaru.
nirvisheekarana.
fb1 dwara seramid synthase yokka nirodham tirogamanamgaa bhaavinchabadutundi, endukante binding samayojaneeyamaina paraspara charyala dwara erpadutundi. cellular fb1-saandrata taggadam mariyu seramid synthase kosam uparitalaala cellular saandrata peragadam eee tirogamanaanni prerepinche karakalu. alaage, perukupoyina sphinganin mariyu sphingosine tolagimpu raetu nirvisheekarananu prabhaavitam chestundi.
fb1 yokka jeevakriya mariyu jeeva parivartanapai samacharam chaalaa takkuvagaa untundi. ayithe, paakshikamgaa hydrolysed mariyu puurtigaa hydrolysed dwara malam loe tirigi pondabadinanduna jeevakriya chaalaa matuku pegullo sambhavistundi, conny vervet kotula pittamlo kaadu.
eest saccaromysis serevisia yokka kana goda nundi sekarinchina glucomannanlatho phumonesine-kalushitamaina mokkajonnaku chikitsa cheyadam dwara dwara yokka jeeva labhyatanu tagginchavachhu. eee polysaccharidelu konni mycotoxinlanu bandhinchagalavu mariyu phumonysinlaku 67 saatam bandhinche saamarthyaanni kaligi untaayi.

