sthaapinchukunnaadu druze kuu vyatiraekamgaa ottoman dandayaatra

druze kuu vyatiraekamgaa 1585 ottoman dandayaatra, dheenini 1585 ottoman shuf dandayaatra anie kooda pilustaaru, idhi druze mariyu lebanon parvatam mariyu daani parisaraala yokka itara adhipatulaku vyatiraekamgaa ibraheem pasha netrutvamloni ottoman sainika dandayaatra, appudu damascus ilet provinceloni saidan-beerut sanjaaklo oka bhaagam. appati eejiptu yokka avtgoing governor ayina ibraheem pasha yokka kappam caravan paie akkar loe bandipotlu chesina daadi yokka pratyaksha parinaamgaa idhi saampradayakamgaa pariganinchabadindi, athanu constantinople kuu velutunnadu. aadhunika parisoedhanalu kappam caravan chekkuchedarakunda vachindani, badulugaa 1518 nundi lebanon parvatam looni druze mariyu itara girijana samuuhaalanu longadeesukoovadaaniki ottoman chesina prayatnaala paryavasanamga eee yaatra jarigindani suuchistunnaayi.
1523-1524 loe chouf praantamloo dozenla koddi druze gramalu kaalchiveyabaddaayi mariyu vandalaadi druze lanu governor khurram pasha champaru ledhaa swaadheenam chesukunnaru, aaa taruvaata shanti kaalam erpadindi. erpadindi druze mariyu naan-druze sthaanika raajavamsaalu, mukhyamgaa maans, assophs mariyu shihablu pedda mottamlo nishedhita thupaakeelanu konugolu cheyadamtho udriktatalu tirigi prarambhamayyayi, ivi tarachugaa prabhutva dalaala vadda unna vaati kante unnatamainavi. unnatamainavi damascus ottoman governorla sainika charya, 1560la nundi perugutunna adhipatulanu, saadhaarana janabhanu niraayudhulanu cheyadamlo ledhaa pannu bakayilanu vasoolu cheyadamlo viphalamaindi.
mundumaata levantlo paristhitini saricheyadaaniki ibraheem pasha niyaminchabaddaadu mariyu 1585 vesavilo mount lebanon yokka druzeku vyatiraekamgaa dandayaatranu praarambhinchaadu, athani sthiramaina-prajala-kattubadi unna caravan nundi portu-arder mallimpugaa. athanu eejipt mariyu damascus yokka jaanissareelato sahaa sumaru 20,000 mandhi sainikulanu, alaage sthaanika adhipatulu, antey bedouin mansur ibn furaikh mariyu maans yokka pratyarthulu druze lanu sameekarinchaadu. vandalaadi druze tirugubaatudaarulu champabaddaru, vaelaadi tupaakulanu swaadheenam chesukunnaru mariyu pedda mottamlo dabbunu pannu bakayilaga ibraheem pasha vasoolu chesaaru. dandayaatra yokka pradhana lakshyaalalo okataina mama 'nidh cheef khurkumaj, longipovadaaniki niraakarinchina taruvaata daakkunnappudu maraninchaadu.
marusati samvatsaram damascus governor allie pasha sthaanika assaf, harfush, tanukh mariyu furaikh raajavamsaala adhipatulanu bandhinchi vaarini constantinople vaddaku pampaadu. aaa taruvaata vaaru tama sonta praantaalaku tirigi vacchi, vaari pannu polaallo nirdhaarinchabaddaaru. eee dandayaatra mariyu daani paryavasanalu levent yokka ottoman paalanalo oka malupu tirigaayi, endukante sthaanika adhipatulu appati nundi tarachugaa "sanjak-bays" (jilla governorlu) gaa niyaminchabaddaaru. atuvanti governorlalo okaru kurkumaj kumarudu, rendava fakr all-dhin, athanu 1590luu mariyu mariyu sidon-beerut mariyu safad sanjaaklaku niyaminchabadinappati nundi, icchaadu athani patanam varaku levantlo atyanta saktivantamaina sthaanika saktigaa maaradu.
muulaalu.
19va sataabdapu lebanon parvatam charitrakaarulu mariyu aadhunika charitrakaarulu 1585 dandayaatraku upayoginchina muulam maronite pitruswamya mariyu charitrakaarudu istifan all-duvai yokka vruttaantam, idhi 1585 naatidi. tripoliki uttaraana unna teerapraantamaina juun akkar loe eejipt governor ibraheem pasha yokka nirantaram prajalatho kappam katte kappam caravan paie bandipotlu daadi cheyadam eee dandayaatraku kaaranamani duvaihi yokka kathanam perkondi. 19va sataabdapu lebanon aadhaarita charitrakaarulu hyder all-shihabi (mama. 1835) mariyu tannas all-shidyak (mama. 1859). aadhunika charitrakaarulu peater malcum holt, abdul karim rafeek, kamal salibi mariyu mohammed adnan bakhit eee sanghatanaku upayoginchina pradhana vanaru vaari vruttaamtaalu. caravan daadi jarigina samvatsaraanni 1584 gaa duvai, taruvaata rafeek, salibi mariyu bakhit paerkonagaa, shihabi, mariyu holt 1585 loe daadi chesaaru.
chesaaru charitrakaarudu abdul-ibraheem abu-hussen chesina aadhunika parisoedhana prakaram, juun akkar daadi jaragaledani, 1520la nundi varusaga prabhutva-cruze satrutvaalu 1585 prabhutva dandayaatratho mugisayani suuchistumdi. aboo-hussen samakaaleena mariyu sameepa samakaaleena vanarulapai, antey ottoman prabhutva recordulu, ottoman charitrakaarudu mustafa selaniki (mama. 1600), italian charitrakaarudu mariyu yaatrikudu geovanni tomaso minadoi (mama. 1615) mariyu damaseen charitrakaarulu shams all-dhin mohammed ibn tulun (mama. 1576), all-husson all-burinee (mama. 1615) mariyu ahmed all-karamani ().
nepathyam.
nepathyam aleppo sameepamlo jarigina marge daabik yuddham taruvaata ottoman saamrajyam levantnu mamlukla nundi swaadheenam chesukundi. ottoman sultan modati selim eee praantamlooni mamluk paalaka nirmaanaalu mariyu adhikaarulanu ekkuvagaa samrakshinchaadu. damascus meeda athani "baylorbay" (praantiiya governor), janabardi all-gajali, mamlukla aadhvaryamlo adhe paatranu pooshinchaaru. pooshinchaaru selim maranam taruvaata janabardi tananu taanu sultanga prakatinchina taruvaata, ottomanlu athani tirugubaatunu anichivesi, saamraajya nirmaanaalalo levantnu marinta drudhamgaa cherchadam praarambhinchaaru. levent looni adbhutamaina portu (constantinople loe imperial ottoman prabhutvam) kuu atyanta mukhyamaina savaalu daani thoorpu edaari mariyu paschima parvata paridhulanu longadeesukovadam. bedouin tegala saantini, damascus, makka madhya huzz teerthayaatra marganni bhadraparachadam gurinchi becca loyaloni saktivantamaina sunni muslim bedouin raajavamsaalu, jabal nablu, hanash, tarabelaku selim appaginchaaru.
mount lebanon praantam mariyu odarevu pattanaalaina sidan mariyu beirut paripalanaparamga damascus ilet jilla ayina sidan-beirut sanjaaklo bhaagamgaa marai. sidon-bairut teeram vembadi beerut mariyu sidon yokka "nahiya" (upa jillaalu) gaa vibhajinchabadindi, mariyu sanjak yokka parvata praantaalalo krindi tommidi "nahiya": uttaram nundi dakshinam varaku, keserwan, matn, jurd, gharb, iklim all-kharub, moodu nahiya lanu samishtiga chouf mariyu iklim all-tufa anie pilustaaru. matn, jurd, gharb mariyu chouf yokka "nahiyalu" pradhanamgaa druze, 11 va sataabdapu ismaily shiya islam yokka anucharulu nivasinchaaru. dakshina lebanon parvataaniki chendina druze girijanulu saantimpajeyadam adhikaarulaku savaluga maarindi, sultan suleiman paalana (1520-1566) nundi vacchina praantiiya chatta niyamaavali vaarini "tappudova pattinche prajalu" gaa paerkonnadi, ikkada prati okkaroo tama sonta aaraadhananu anusaristaaru mariyu vaari nundi pannu vasoolu cheyadam kashtam.
adhikarulu ledhaa sunni muslim "ulema" (mataparamaina sthaapana) vaaru vaarini nijamaina muslimlugaa pariganinchanappatikii, pannu prayojanaala kosam ottomanlu druzenu adhikarikamga muslimlugaa pariganinchaaru. samaajamlooni sabhyulu edainaa adhikaarika padavini pondadaaniki sunni muslim mataaniki chendinavaarani natinchaalsi vachindi, appudappudu kraistavulu mariyu yoodula kosam ketaayinchina jijia (ennikala pannu) chellinchavalasi vachindi, mariyu damascus yokka "ulema" dwara khandana grandhaalu mariyu fatvaalaku (saasanaalu) lakshyamgaa undevaaru. druze kooda ottomanlanu anumanincharu. paripalana mariyu aardhika vyavasthalo tama vileenamnu edurkovataniki vaari sthiramaina prayatnaalalo, druze kathinamaina bhuubhaagam, thupaakeelanu kaligi undatam mariyu mataparamaina mariyu girijana aikyata nundi prayojanam pondindi, tadwara druze praantaalalo prabhutva adhikaranni vidhinchadam kashtam. tatphalitamgaa, druze praantaalalo ottoman uniki, alaage sidan-beerut yokka druze kaani "nahiya" luu 16va mariyu 17va sataabdaalaloo chaalaa varaku chaalaa takkuvagaa undevi, aaa samayamlo sthaanika adhipatulu, druze mariyu muslimlu iltism (parimita-kaala pannu polaalu) dwara eee praantaanni paripaalinchaaru. multisms" anie piluvabade "iltisms" yokka niyaminchabadina holderlu prabhutvaaniki pannulu chellinchi, adhikaarika sainika vidhulanu chepattaali; sthaanika "multisms" appudappudu prabhutvam niyaminchina "sanjak-bay" (jilla governor) kante ekkuva saktivantamgaa undaru mariyu cheyaru.
1585 kii mundu druze-ottoman satrutvaalu.
satrutvaalu seleemku vyatiraekamgaa hanash adhipati nasser all-dhin, sidon-bairut yokka "sanjak-bay" tirugubaatu samayamlo druze kuu vyatiraekamgaa mottamodati prabhutva charya jarigindi. eee tirugubaatunu janbardi anachivesi, nasser all-dinnu arrestu chesi uriteesi, taruvaati druze mitraraajyaala adhipatulu, khurkumaj, jaine all-dhin, alam all-dhin suleiman, chouf aadhaarita maan kutumbaaniki chendina vaaru, gharb aadhaarita tanukh-butur kutumbaaniki chendina sharaf all-dhin yahyalanu swaadheenam chesukunnadu. naluguru druze adhipatulu bhaarii jarimana chellinchina taruvaata vidudala cheyabaddaaru.
damascusku chendina "baylorbay", khurram pasha, pasha manid nayakula netrutvamloni chouf druze kuu vyatiraekamgaa sikshaatmaka dandayaatranu praarambhinchindi. kurkumaj pradhana kaaryaalayamaina baraukto sahaa nalabhai moodu druze gramalu kaalchiveyabaddaayi mariyu khurram pasha naalugu onte lodla druze talalu mariyu sunni islam patla matam yokka satrutvaanni rujuvu chese druze matha saahityamto damascusku tirigi vacchaadani ibn tulun nivedinchaaru. chouflo pratyaksha prabhutva adhikaranni vidhinche modati prayatnaanni eee yaatra suuchimchimdi. khurram pasha taruvaata aaa praantamloo saantibhadratalanu amalu cheyadaaniki "subaasheelanu" (pooliisu suuparintendentlanu) niyaminchaaru, kaani vaaru druze chetha champabaddaru. khurram pasha 1524 juun 18naa choufku vyatiraekamgaa rendava sikshaatmaka dandayaatranu praarambhinchadam dwara pratispandinchindi, eee samayamlo muppai gramalu kaalipoyaayi mariyu "baylerbay" marusati roeju moodu onte lodla druze talalu mariyu 300 druze mahilalu mariyu pillalatho tirigi vachindi. eee prachaaraalanu samakaaleena "ulema" luu mariyu damascus kavulu prasamsimchaaru. 16va sataabdam chivari varaku moolaalalo druze tirugubaatlu ledhaa prabhutva dandayaatrala gurinchi prastaavinchaledu.
syrialoni itara girijana, matha samuuhaalatoe paatu druze, konnisaarlu ottoman sainyalu upayoginche tupaakula kante unnatamaina thupaakeelanu konugolu cheyadamtho druze, portla madhya udriktatalu gananeeyamgaa perigayi. syrialo nishedhaanni amalu cheyadamlo adhikarulu ibbandulu edurkonnappatiki, sainiketara vyaktulu tupaakulanu kaligi undatam nishedhinchabadindi. syrialo ottoman palananu asthirapariche uddesyamto syrianlu tama aayudhagaaraalalo kaneesam kontha bhaganni european saktula nundi pondaaru. siriya naukaasrayaalalo unna vaanijya noukalanu upayoginchi aayudhagaaraalu andinchabaddaayi. itara vanarulalo damascus yokka jaanissareelu, syrialoni "timar" (feif)-holderlu mariyu constantinople nundi ottoman noukalu unnaayi, ivi siriya nundi saamraajya raajadhaaniki dhanyanni ravana cheyadaaniki vachayi. podavaina tupaakulato saayudhamaina druze vaari upa jillaala nundi pannulu vasoolu cheyadaaniki pampina adhikaarulapai daadi chesi, chesi ine daaraa vadda vaaripai jarigina ottoman daadini tippikottaadu.
aagashtu aagashtu damascus yokka "baylorbay" kuu portu icchina aadesamlo, gharb, jurd, chouf mariyu matn graamastulu iravai samvatsaraalaku paiga pannu bakayilanu chellinchaalsi undani mariyu druze yokka "mukaddaamlu" (adhipatulu) pedda mottamlo masketlanu kaligi unnaarani perkonabadindi; kramamlo paeru pettabadina "mukaddaamlu" mannid kurkumaj, bahusha paina perkonna kurkumaj manavadu, tanukid sharaf all-dhin mariyu druze kaani adhipatulu mansur ibn husson, keserwan aadhaarita assaf kutumbam mariyu vaadi all-taim aadhaarita shihab kutumbaaniki chendina khasim. paeru pettabadina adhipatula nundi kaneesam 6,000 tupaakulanu mariyu paeru pettabadina upavibhaagaala yokka prati inti nundi marinni tupaakulanu sekarinchaalani "baylorbay" nuu aadesinchaaru. damascus yokka "baylorbay", imperial damassine janisseries, tripoli yokka "sanjak-bay" mariyu ottoman naukaadalam samyukta dalaalu aaa samvatsaram druze kuu vyatiraekamgaa dandayaatranu praarambhinchaayi, conny vaaru vaarini longadeesukolekapoyaru mariyu niraayudhulanu cheyalekapoyaru.
1574 nundi saamraajya kramam fibravari fibravari punaruddharinchabadindi, conny damascus yokka "baylerbay" mallii aaa aadesaanni amalu cheyalekapoyindi, conny gharb, jurd, chouf mariyu matn nivaasulu tirugubaatu sthithilo unnaarani, yea "multism" upa jillaalaku pannu vyavasayanni angeekarinchadaaniki siddhamgaa laerani mariyu niyaminchabadina "emins" (pannu vasoolu chesevaaru) nuu prajalu agouravaparichaarani firyadu chesaaru. tatphalitamgaa, "baylorbay" paerkonabadani sankhyalo druze gramalanu naasanam cheyaalani, vaari "mukaddamla" nuu arrestu chesi sikshinchaalani, pannu bakayilanu vasoolu cheyaalani aadesinchaadu. etuvanti sainika charya teesukoledu mariyu druze adhikaarulanu dhikkarinchadam konasaaginchindi mariyu mariyu prabhutvam marinta tupaakulanu konugolu chesinatlu nivedinchabadindi. aaa samvatsaramlo vaaru sidan-beerutku dakshinaana unna safad sanjak yokka druze mariyu shiya muslimlatoe sahakarinchaarani aaropinchabaddaaru, mariyu port yokka uttarvu "[kurkumaj] ibn maannu vadilinchukovaalani pilupunicchindi, athani kashtalu mariyu chedu panulu annintinee adhigaminchaayi".
mundumaata.
mundumaata "paristhitini saricheyadaaniki" "wazir" ibraheem pasha eejipt mariyu syriaku pampabaddaadani all-karamani raasaaru. 1585 fibravari 12naa damascus yokka "baylorbay" kuu jaarii chesina saamraajya uttarvu, uvees pasha, khurkumaj "tirugubaatu nayakudu" anie punarudghaatinchindi... athanu druze samaajamlo [thana chuttoo] dundagulanu sameekarinchi, safad sanjakamlo haani, allarlu chesaadu ". eejipt nundi nivaali caravan mariyu juunloo pedda sainika escartho ibraheem pasha damascusku cherukunnaru. lebanon parvatam yokka druzenu longadeesukoovaalani portu ataniki aadesinchaadu. augustu 31naa uves pasha nuu ibraheem paashaatho kalisi bedouin mariyu damascus ilet antataa tirugubaatu chesina druze kuu vyatiraekamgaa sahakarinchaalani port aadesinchindi, idhi rahadaarulapai nashtam kaliginchi daadi chesindi. ibraheem pasha dandayaatraku pratyaksha kaaranam prabhutvam adhikaranni upayoginchalekapoyina syrialoni konni praantaallo druze nirantara tirugubaatu sthithini, adhipatula saadhaarana avidheyatanu abu-hussen abhiprayapaddadu.
dandayaatra mariyu tadupari pracharalu.
ibraheem pasha sainyamlo eejipt mariyu damascus yokka jaanissareelu unnaaru, athani dalaala sankhya sumaru 20,000. doovehi mariyu shihabi yokka samskaranalu, ivi aleppo ilet mariyu cyprus ilet dalaalanu dandayaatra dalaaniki jodinchaayi, ibraheem pasha yokka dalaalu marge armash anae praantamloo shibiram vaesaayani mariyu ottoman sainyam parimaanam matrame "anni arab bhoomulanu bhayapettindi" anie paerkontunnaayi. ottoman dalaalu mariyu vaari sthaanika maddatudaarulu teeram mariyu becca loyaku velle rahadaarulanu addukunnaru mariyu sumaru 500 mandhi druze peddalanu champaru. ibraheem pasha vandalaadi mandhi druze tirugubaatudaarulanu champadani, vaari thalalalo chaalaa varaku constantinople vaddaku pampinchaadani, "tadwara tirugubaatudaarulanu sarigga sikshinchaadani" prabhutva recordulu dhruvikaristunnayi. choufloni aneka gramalanu dochukunnaru mariyu khurkumaj oka guhalo daakkuni maraninchaadu. druze mariyu itarulu nirayudhulayyaru mariyu pannu bakayilu vasoolu cheyabaddaayi, ibraheem pasha vaelaadi tupaakulanu mariyu druze nundi pedda mottamlo dabbunu swaadheenam chesukunnadani all-burinee nivedinchindi.
ibraheem pasha mansur ibn furaikhnu thana maargadarsigaa upayoginchaadu. ibn furaikh becca loyaku chendina sunni bedouin adhipati mariyu kurkumaj yokka sthaanika satruvu, athanu druze mariyu shiyala patla satrutvaaniki prasiddhi chendaadu; abu-hussen prakaram, 19va sataabdapu charitrakaarulu eee pracharanni praarambhinchadaaniki "wazir" nuu oppinchina paatraku punaadi lekunda ibn furaikh aapadinchabaddadu. dandayaatra samayamlo, matn yokka alam all-dins mariyu gharb yokka sharaf all-dins thoo sahaa aneka mandhi manids mariyu itara druze adhipatulu ibraheem pasha vaipu mallaru, alaage gananeeyamaina sankhyalo kurkumaj purushulu kooda unnaaru. ibraheem pasha sthaapinchukunnaadu taruvaata sthiramaina prajalalo vacchaadu. minadoi kathanam prakaram athanu 24 gaaleelatoo bangaaru kommuloki pravesinchaadu mariyu topkapi rajabhavanam nundi phirangi kaalpulu mariyu pedda samuuhamtoe swaagatam palikadu. kappam dochukunnatlu duvai vruttaamtaaniki viruddhamgaa, samakaaleena vruttaamtaalu idhi sumaruga sumaruga, piyarlu, 173,000 bangaaru mukkalu, sultan murad III () kosam paccha simhasana, arabia gurralu, enugu mariyu jiraafeetho sthiramgaa prajalaku vachindani suuchistunnaayi.
dandayaatra taruvaata, adhe samvatsaramlo, saidan-beerut sanjak damascus ilet nundi vaeru cheyabadi, indulo sthaapinchabadina tripoli iletlo bhaagamgaa maarindi. 1579 nundi tripoli yokka "baylorbay", akkar praantaaniki sthaanika adhipati yousuf sepha pasha, sthaanika kaaranaala valla prabhutva prayojanaalanu rajipadatadane anumanala kaaranamgaa, ekakaalamlo tolaginchabaddaadu. athani sthaanamlo, anubhavagnudaina ottoman commander jaffar pasha all-tuwashi, lebanon parvatam loe tirugubaatunu ibraheem pasha anachiveyadaanni konasaginche baadhyatanu appaginchaaru. duvehi prakaram, akrlooni athani bhuubhaagampai jaffar pasha daadi chesinanduna, yousuf seifa athani tolagimpunu pratighatinchi undavacchu. taruvaatidi konni nelallone safavid frontku tirigi ketayinchabadindi mariyu athani inupa pattu lekunda saidan-beerut bhuubhaagam tripoli niyantrana nundi bayatapadindi mariyu aacharanalo, damassin paryaveekshanhaku tirigi vachindi. ibraheem pasha dandayaatralo aneka syrian adhipatulanu bandhinchi, sthiramaina prajalaku teesukuvacchaarani duvahi yokka kathanam perkonnappatiki, mariyu damascusku "baylorbay" gaa ibraheem pasha niyaminchina allie pasha ibn alwan tadupari prachaaramlo chaalaa mandhi adhipatulanu bandhinchinatlu samakaaleena muulaalu suuchistunnaayi. bandee adhipatulalo mohammed, ghazir aadhaarita kumarudu mariyu assaf adhipati mansur varasudu, mohammed ibn jamal all-dhin mariyu mundhir, aramoun mariyu abih yokka sambandhita tanukhid adhipatulu, allie all-harfush, ballbeck yokka shiya adhipati, mariyu ibn furaik unnaaru. adhipatulaku sthiramaina prajalalo manchi aadarana labhinchindi mariyu kontakaalam tarvaata vaari "iltism" nirdhaaranalatoo vaari sambandhita bhuubhaagaalaku tirigi pampabaddaaru.
paryavasanalu.
ottoman paalanalo saadhaaranamgaa lebanon parvatam mariyu levant charitralo 1585-1586 sanghatanalu oka malupu tirigaayi. ottomanlu sthaanika adhipatulanu eee praantamlooni sanjaklapai niyaminchadam dwara mariyu vaariki bay (arabic ameerku samaanamaina turkish) birudunu ivvadam dwara eee praantamlooni policing mariyu pannulanu appaginchadam praarambhinchaaru. kurkumaj kumarudu rendava fakr all-dhin 1590la praarambhamlo sidon-beerutku "sanjak-bay" gaa niyaminchabaddaadu mariyu mariyu safad sanjakga kooda niyaminchabaddaadu. fakr all-dhin italianlatho laabhadaayakamaina vaanijya sambandhaalanu, praivaetu nidhulatho kuudina "secbons" (muscateers) sainyam, mariyu ottoman adhikaarula nundi maddatunu kalipi, lanchaalu mariyu takshana pannulu chellinchadam dwara haamii icchaadu, icchaadu athani patanam varaku levent yokka atyanta saktivantamaina adhipatigaa tananu taanu sthaapinchukunnaadu. sthaapinchukunnaadu homes yokka "sanjak-bay" gaa niyaminchabadina allie all-harfush, constantinoplo thana bahishkarana samayamlo thana padaviloe unchabaddaadu mariyu 1589 natiki thana ballbeck pradhana kaaryaalayaaniki tirigi vacchaadu. athanu athani kumarudu sunbuck-bay loe athani kumarudu sambak-bay gaa niyaminchabaddaadu, conny athani kumarudu sunbuck-bay loe athani kumarudu sambak-bay gaa niyaminchabaddaadu.
charitrakaarudu stephan sheethaakaalam 1585 dandayaatranu 16va sataabdam chivaralo levent yokka sainika mariyu aardhika nirmaanaalalo saamraajya maarpula sandarbhamlo unchaadu, indulo indulo tripoli yokka hybrid ilet srushti kooda undhi, indulo jabala yokka sainika anubandha sanjaaknu pannu aadaayamtho nadiche sidon-beerut, homes mariyu salamia sanjaaklatho kalipi, ivi sthaanika adhipatulache paalinchabaddaayi mariyu yuddhaaniki dalaalanu andinchaledu. daadaapu adhe samayamlo port eguva euphrates loya vembadi ottoman adhikarulu mariyu nammakamaina bedouin adhipatulaku bhoomulanu manjuru cheyadam praarambhinchindi mariyu mariyu levant yokka edaari lopali bhagampai ekkuva niyantrananu amalu cheyadaaniki rakka ailetnu srushtinchindi.

