
echelon

echelan, vaastavaaniki oka rahasya prabhutva sanketha namam, idhi ukusa bhadrata oppandaaniki aidu santakam chesina raashtraalache nirvahinchabadutunna nigha karyakramam (signals intelligence/sigint sekarana mariyu vislaeshanha network): australia, kenada, newzealand, united kingdom mariyu united states, veetini aidu kallu anie kooda pilustaaru.
pracchanna yuddha samayamlo soviet union mariyu daani thoorpu kootami mitraraajyaala sainika mariyu dautya samachara maarpidini paryaveekshinchadaaniki 1960la chivaralo srushtinchabadina eechelaan project 1971loe adhikarikamga sthaapinchabadindi.
20va sataabdam chivari natiki, "echelan" anie piluvabade vyavastha baga vistarinchindi.
samstha.
prati sabhya desapu sanketha nigha samsthalanu chaerchadaaniki 2000loe european paarlamentu (ipi) dwara ukusa nigha sanghaanni anchanaa veyabadindihi
nivedinchadam mariyu bahirgatam cheyadam.
bahiranga prakatanalu (1972-2000).
maajee nsa vislaeshakudu perri felwack, winslo peck anae maaruperuto, 1972loe vinee postla yokka prapancha network unikini velladinchi, akkada pani chesina thana anubhavalanu cheppinappudu, modata "prakaralu" gaa echelan meeda vigil oopaaru. 1972loe ijrayello anvaayudhaala uniki, maadakadravyaalu, maanava akrama ravaanaalo cia, nsa sibbandi vistrutamgaa paalgonnatlu, prc sarihaddula lopala gramalanu tagalabettadamlo jaateeyavaada chainees (taiwan) kamandolaku naayakatvam vahistunna cia kaaryakartalanu kooda ayana velladinchaadu.
1982loe, parisoedhaka paatrikeyudu mariyu rachayita ayina james bomford "dhi puzzle pales", nsa yokka pani lopala lothaina roopaanni, appudu oka suupar-secret agency, mariyu "shamrock" anae sanketanamam kinda bhaarii rahasyamgaa daache operation raasaaru. nsa aneka sanketanamalanu upayoginchindi, mariyu 1975 kii mundu shamrock anedi echelan kosam upayoginchina sanketanamam.
1988loe, nsa oppandam kinda lockheed udyogi ayina margaret nyusam, congress sabhyulaku echelan nigha vyavasthanu velladinchaadu. republican us senator ayina strome thermond yokka telephone kaalsnu nsa sekaristunnatlu newsham us congress sabhyuniki chepparu. congress parisoedhakulu "mammalni raajakeeya vyaktulanu lakshyamgaa chesukovadam pramaadavasaattu jaragadu, conny modati nundi vyavasthalo roopondinchabadindi" anie nirnayinchaaru."
1988loe kooda, "nyuu statesman" loe parisoedhaka paatrikeyudu dunken camp bell raasina "evarikainaa vinadam" anae sheershikato oka vyaasam, "echelan" anae code-named programme yokka signals intelligence sekarana karyakalapalanu vivarinchindi. james bomford eee vyavasthanu communication upagrahaalanu upayoginchi teliyajese poura telecommunicationla sekarana mariyu pampineeni niyantrinche softwarega varninchaaru, downlink legg yokka paadamudralo unna ground stationla dwara sekarananu chepattaru.
newzealand paatrikeyudu nikki hager thana 1996 pustakam "secret power newzealand roll inn dhi international spie network" loe echelan gurinchi vivaranaatmaka vivarananu andinchaaru. rendu samvatsaraala taruvaata, hogger pustakaanni european paarlamentu "raajakeeya niyantrana saanketika parignaanam yokka madimpu" (pii 168.184) anae sheershikato oka nivedikalo udaharinchindi.
1999 maarchilo, charitralo modatisaarigaa, australia prabhutvam atyunnata rahasya ukusa oppandam gurinchi vacchina vaartala nivedikalu nijamani angeekarinchindi. australia yokka defence signals directorate (dsd, ippudu australian signals directorate ledhaa asd anie pilustaaru) director martin broady australian broadcasting chhaanel naine netvarkku matladutu dsd "ukusa sambandham kinda videshaalalo counter signals intelligence samsthalatho sahakaristundi."
2000loe, us central intelligence agency maajee director james woolsey, us intelligence european vyapaaraalanu paryaveekshinchadaaniki antaraayam kaliginche vyavasthalu mariyu keelaka padaala shodhanalanu upayogistundani dhruveekarinchaaru.
united states looni chattasabha sabhyulu maa pourulanu paryaveekshinchadaaniki echelan vyavasthanu upayoginchavacchani bhayapaddaru. dhi newyork times" prakaram, echelan vyavastha "daani unikini niroopinchadam kashtam anie atuvanti gopyatato kappabadi undhi."vimarsakulu eechelaan vyavastha pracchanna yuddham nundi" "kaaranam laeni pedda sodarudigaa" "udbhavinchindani annaru".
european paarlamentu daryaaptu (2000-2001).
karyakramam yokka saamarthyaalu mariyu raajakeeya chikkulanu 2000 mariyu 2001loe european paarlamentu kamitee 2001loe prachurinchina nivedikato daryaaptu chesindi. juulai 2000loe, nigha netvarknu daryaaptu cheyadaaniki european paarlamentu echelan antaraayam vyavasthapai taatkaalika kamiteeni erpaatu chesindi. 2000 mariyu 2001 antataa parisoedhanalanu paryavekshinche baadhyata kaligina portugees raajakeeyavetta carlos koyelo dheeniki adhyakshata vahinchaaru.
2001 maeloe, eee kamitee echelan vyavasthapai thana nivedikanu khararu chesinappudu, oka pratinidhi brundam washingtonku prayaaninchindi.sii. eee krindi agencylu mariyu vibhagala nundi maatho samavesalaku haajaru kaavadaaniki
anni samavesalanu america prabhutvam raddu chesindi mariyu kamitee thana parytananu mundugaane muginchalsi vachindi. 2001 maeloe oka bbc correspondent prakaram, "us prabhutvam ippatikee echelan kooda undani angeekarinchadaaniki niraakaristundi."
2001 joolailo kamitee thana tudi nivedikanu vidudala chesindi. samagra vislaeshanha sadhanam kante, echelan anedi capture chesina signal traafiknu kramabaddheekarinche paddhati anie EP nivedika teelchindi. 2001 septembaru 5naa european paarlamentu eee nivedikanu aamodinchadaaniki ootu vesindi. 
european paarlamentu thana nivedikalo echelan anae padaanni aneka sandarbhaallo upayoginchinatlu perkondi, ayithe samarpinchina aadharalu idhi signals intelligence sekarana vyavasthaku paeru anie suuchistunnaayi. samarpinchina samacharam aadhaaramgaa, upagraha prasaram, public switched telephone netvarklu (okappudu chaalaa internet traafiknu kaligi undevi), microwave linklatho sahaa communication beararla antaraayam dwara prapanchavyaaptamgaa telephone calls, facs, ii-mail mariyu itara dayta traafiknu antaraayam kaliginchadam mariyu content tanikhi cheyagala saamarthyam eee nivedikalo undani muginchaaru. 
echelan nirdhaarana (2015).
janavari 2011 mariyu juulai 2012 nundi rendu antargata nsa vaartaalekhalu, edward snoden leak loe bhaagamgaa website "dhi intercept" dwara 3 augustu 2015naa prachurinchabaddaayi, modatisaari nsa code padam echelaannu upayoginchindani dhruveekarinchindi mariyu programme yokka paridhi gurinchi konni vivaraalanu andinchindihi echelan anedi code paeru frastingtho kuudina godugu prograamlo bhaagam, idhi 1966loe nsa dwara communications upagrahaala nundi daetaanu sekarinchi proses cheyadaaniki sthaapinchabadindi. frastinglo rendu upa-karyakramalu unnaih
european paarlamentu yokka taatkaalika kamitee echelan antaraaya vyavasthapai ilaa perkondi, "sakshyam mariyu american muulaalatoe sahaa chaalaa vistruta shreni vyaktulu mariyu samsthala nundi vacchina sthiramaina vidhaanaala drishtya, daani paeru vaastavaaniki echelan anie anipistundi, ayithe idhi saapekshamgaa chinna vivaralu". us intelligence community aneka code paerlanu upayogistundi (udaaharanaku, "chudandi", siah guptanamam).
maajee nsa udyogi margaret nyusam matladutu, 1974 nundi 1984 varaku united statesloni californialoni sanneevello, mariyu inglaandlooni inglaandlooni menwith hill loe lockheed maartinlo panichestunnappudu, echelan vyavasthanu tayaaru chese software aakruteekarana mariyu samsthaapanapai aame panicheesaarani chepparu. aaa samayamlo, newsham prakaram, code paeru echelan anedi computer network kosam nsa padam. lockheed dheenini "p415" anie pilichindi. software prograamlanu "silkworth" mariyu "sair" anie pilicheevaaru. vortex" anae upagraham antaraayam kaliginchina samachara marpidi. internet loe andubaatulo unna oka chitram, udyogam vivarana nundi spashtamgaa chirigina oka sakalam, aneka itara code paerlatoe paatu jabita cheyabadina echelaannu chooputundi.
britton yokka "dhi guardian" vaartaapatrika eee krindi vidhamgaa echelan vyavastha yokka saamardhyaalanu sangrahinchindih
maajee nsa contractor edward snoden leak chesina patraalu, echelan vyavastha yokka upagraha dayta sekarananu fornsat anie kooda pilustaaru-idhi "videshee upagraha sekarana" kuu sankshipta namam.
stationlanu addaginchandi.
european paarlamentu nivedika dwara modata velladi cheyabadindi (p. 54 eff) mariyu taruvaata edward snoden velladi dwara dhruvikarinchabadindi, prastutam krindi ground stationlu upagraham mariyu itara samachara marpidi maargaala nundi prasaralanu addukovadamlo paatranu kaligi unnaayi ledhaa kaligi unnaih
charitra mariyu sandarbham.
communicationlanu addaginche saamarthyam radeo, upagraham, microwave, cellular ledhaa fiber-optic anae maadhyamampai aadharapadi untundi. rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo mariyu 1950la dwara, adhika-pounahpunya ("short-wave") radeo sainika mariyu dautya samachara marpidi kosam vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadindi mariyu chaalaa dooraalalo addaginchavacchu. 1960laloe bhusthira samachara upagrahaala perugudala antarjaateeya samachara maarpidini addaginchadaaniki kotta avakaasaalanu andinchindi. 1964loe, antarjaateeya telecommunications upagraha samstha (intelsat) nuu sthaapinchadaaniki dozenla koddi deshaalu angeekarinchina taruvaata, echelan network sthaapanaku pranaalikalu prarambhamayyayi, idhi communications upagrahaala prapancha kuutamini kaligi untundi mariyu nirvahistundi.
1966loe, modati intelsat upagrahanni kakshyaloki prayoginchaaru. 1970 nundi 1971 varaku, britton prabhutva samachara pradhana karyalayam (zii. sii. hetch. kyu) inglaandlooni cornwall looni budd sameepamlo morvensto vadda oka rahasya signal stationnu nirvahinchadam praarambhinchindi. atlantic mariyu bhaarata mahaasamudraalapai upagraha samachara maarpidini station addukundi. aaa taruvaata ventane, america jaateeya bhadrata samstha (nsa) pasiphik mahasamudram meedugaa upagraha samachara maarpidini addukovadaniki seatal sameepamloni yakima vadda rendava signal stationnu nirminchindi. 1981loe, zii. sii. hetch. kyu mariyu enn. ess. yea. modati global wide area network (vaan) nirmaanaanni praarambhinchaayi. australia, kenada mariyu newzealand ventane echelan vyavasthalo cheraayi. 2001 naati european paarlamentuku icchina nivedika ilaa perkondih "ukusa rashtraalu bhoomiki sambandhinchina praantaalalo shravana kendraalanu nirvahiste, suutrapraayamgaa vaaru atuvanti upagrahaala dwara prasaram cheyabadina anni telephone, facs mariyu dayta traafiknu addukovachhu."
echelan paie chaalaa nivedikalu upagraha antaraayampai drushti pedataayi. samudragarbha cables, microwave transmissionlu mariyu itara linela dwara communicationnu paryaveekshinchadaaniki pratyaekamaina conny ilanti ukusa vyavasthalu unnayani european paarlamentu mundu sakshyam suuchimchimdi. videshee nigha sevala dwara private samachara marpidi anedi america ledhaa british videshee nigha sevalaku matrame parimitam kaadani european paarlamentuku icchina nivedika suuchistumdi. point-tuu-point vois mariyu dayta communicationlalo upagrahaala paatra ekkuvagaa fiber optics dwara bharti cheyabadindi. 2006loe, prapanchamlooni suduura vois mariyu dayta trafficlo 99 saatam optical-fiber dwara jarigindi. upagraha anusandhaanaala dwara lekkinchabadina antarjaateeya samachara marpidi nishpatti madhya airopalo 0.40% mariyu 5% madhya gananeeyamgaa taggindani chebutaaru. prapanchamlooni takkuva abhivruddhi chendina praantaalalo kooda, communication upagrahaalu ekkuvagaa veediyo vanti point-tuu-multipoint applicationla kosam upayoginchabadataayi. anduvalla, ekkuva samachara maarpidini ikapai erth stationlu addukolevu; vaatini kebullanu nokkadam dwara mariyu line-off-sait microwave sankethaalanu addaginchadam dwara matrame sekarinchavachhu, idhi parimita sthaayilo matrame saadhyamavutundi.
aandolanalu.
british journalist dunken camp bell mariyu newzealand journalist nikki hogger 1990laloe united states sainika mariyu dautya prayojanaala kosam kakunda paarisraamika goodacharyam kosam echelan traafiknu dopidi chestondani chepparu. german samstha enercon roopondinchina gair-less wind turbine technology mariyu belgian samstha lernaut & hospy abhivruddhi chesina speach technology journalistlu aaropinchina udaaharanalu.
2001loe, echelan antaraayam vyavasthapai taatkaalika kamitee european paarlamentuku sabhya deshaala pourulu tama gopyatanu kaapaadukoovadaaniki tama samacharamlo guudha lipi saastraanni mamuluga upayoginchaalani sifaarasu chesindi, endukante echelaantho aardhika guudacharyanu us intelligence agencylu nirvahinchaayi.
american rachayita james bomford oka pratyaamnaaya abhiprayanni andinchaadu, vaanijya prayojanaala kosam antaraayam kaliginchina samachara maarpidini chattam nishedhistundani highlight chestaadu, ayinappatikee anni-muula guudachaara prakriyaloo bhaagamgaa antaraayam kaliginchina samachara marpidi elaa upayoginchabadutundane daanipai athanu vivarinchaledu.
european paarlamentu kamitee thana nivedikalo, sainika samachara maarpidini matrame kakunda, private mariyu vyapara sambandhamaina samachara maarpidini kooda addukovadaniki echelan netvarknu upayogistunnatlu spashtamgaa perkondi. nivedikaku daani silaasaasanamloo, parliamentary kamitee juvenalnu utankinchindi, "sed quis custodiot ipsos custodes". (conny veekshakulanu evaru chuustaaru). james bomford, mae 2001loe "guardian" loe, echelan tanikhi cheyabadakapothe, adhi "cyber secret police, kortulu, jyooreelu ledhaa rakshana hakku lekunda" maarutundani heccharinchaadu.
aidu kallu" sabhyulu nirvahinchina guudacharyaku sambandhinchina aaropanala udaaharanalu
pani.
echelan sekarana karyakramam kosam modati united states upagraha ground station 1971loe washingtonloni yakima sameepamloni sainika kaalpulu mariyu sikshanaa kendramlo nirminchabadindi. jacknife anae sankethanamamtho piluvabade eee soukaryam, CA yokka pettubadi. 21.3 million dollarlu mariyu sumaru 90 mandhi unnaaru. upagraha traafiknu 30 meterla single-dish antenna addukundi. eee station 4 october 1974naa puurtigaa panichesindi. idhi 75-baad surakshita teletype orderwire chaanal dwara fort meede vadda nsa pradhana kaaryaalayamtho anusandhaaninchabadindi.
1999loe oppandaalapai australian senate joint standing kamiteeki professor desmond baall paine gyap sadupaayaanni upagraha-aadhaarita antaraaya network kosam ground stationga upayoginchinatlu chepparu. eee upagrahaalu bhusthira kakshyalalo 20 nundi 100 meterla vyaasam madhya pedda radeo vantakaalu anie cheppabadindi. 1970la nundi telemetry, vaayu rakshana mariyu itara radarla saamarthyaalu, upagrahaala ground stationla prasaralu mariyu ground-based microwave communicationlanu paryaveekshinchadam network yokka asalu uddesyam.
paarisraamika guudacharyaku udaaharanalu.
1999loe, enercon anae german company mariyu pramukha pavana shakti parikaraala tayaareedaaru, wind turbinela kosam purogati generatornu abhivruddhi chesindi. us patent kosam darakhaastu chesina taruvaata, american pratyarthi ayina kenetech, kontakaalam mundu daadaapu okelanti patent darakhaastunu samarpinchinatlu telisindi. nsa maajee udyogi prakatana dwara, nsa rahasyamgaa enercon yokka dayta communicationlu mariyu conferences kaalsnu addaginchi paryaveekshinchindani mariyu kotta generatorku sambandhinchina samacharanni kenetekku pampinchindani taruvaata paerkonnaaru. ayithe, taruvaata german media nivedikalu eee kathanaanni vyatiraekimchaayi, endukante prasnalooni american patent vaastavaaniki wire tapping jarigindani cheppadaniki moodu samvatsaraala mundu daakhalu cheyabadindani velladaindi. german nigha sevalu paarisraamika ledhaa aardhika goodacharyalo palgonadam nishedhinchabadinanduna, idhi united states ledhaa russia nundi paarisraamika guudacharyaku vyatiraekamgaa tamanu rakshana lekunda vadilivestundani german companylu firyadu chesaayi. beyarlo maajee manager ayina wolfgang hafman prakaram, german intelligence sarveesulaku yea companylanu us intelligence agencylu lakshyamgaa chesukuntunnayo telusu, conny indulo palgonna companylaku teliyajeyadaaniki niraakaristundi.

