
m chadarapu

lazer saastramlo, peechu vyaapti nishpatti ledhaa peechu naanhyata karakam anie kooda piluvabade paramiti m2 anedi lazer peechu naanhyata yokka kolata. idhi aadarsavantamaina gassian punjam nundi punjam yokka vaividhyam yokka sthaayini suuchistumdi. idhi punjam yokka punjam paramiti utpatti (bpp) mariyu adhe tarangadairghyam kaligina gassian punjam nishpatti nundi lekkinchabadutundi. idhi lazer punjam yokka punjam vaividhyam saadhinchagala kaneesa kendrikruta spot parimaanaaniki sambandhinchinadi. single mode temm (gassian) lazer punjam kosam, m2 sarigga okati. punjam paramiti utpatti vale kakunda, m2 ekakam kaadu mariyu tarangadairghyaanni batti maaradu.
lazer punjam kosam m2 viluvanu lazer parisramalo oka vivaranagaa vistrutamgaa upayogistaaru, mariyu daani kolata paddhatini iso pramaanamgaa niyantristaaru. 
kolata.
punjam yokka vedalpunu nirvachinchadaaniki aneka margalu unnaayi. punjam paramiti utpattini mariyu m2nii kolichetappudu, punjam nadumu yokka vyaasaartham mariyu suduura kshetramlo vibhedam rendintinee nirnayinchadaaniki punjam yokka d4σ ledhaa "rendava kshanam" vedalpunu upayogistaaru.
adhika optical naanhyata mariyu telisina phokal podavu gala lensto kendrikarinchina tarvaata beam lopala aneka sthaanaalalo arre detector ledhaa scanning-slit profilernu unchadam dwara m2nii kolavavacchu. sarigga m2 pondadaaniki eee krindi dasalanu anusarinchaalih
suutrapraayamgaa, nadumu vyasanni pondadaaniki nadumu vadda oke kolatanu upayoginchavacchu, vaividhyam pondadaaniki suduura kshetramlo oke kolata, aapai m2nii lekkinchadaaniki veetini upayoginchavacchu. ayithe, paina perkonna vidhanam aacharanalo marinta khachitamaina phalitaanni istundi.
upayogaalu.
m2 upayogakaramgaa untundi endukante idhi oka colimited lazer punjamnu oka chinna pradaesaaniki entha baga kendrikarinchavachho ledhaa oka vibhina lazer muulaanni entha baga colimit cheyavacho pratibimbistumdi. idhi gassian roopaanni kante punjam naanhyataku merugaina margadarshi endukante oka punjam gassianga kanipinche aneka sandarbhaalu unnaayi, ayinappatikee aikyataku dhooramgaa m2 viluvanu kaligi untundi. adevidhamgaa, oka punjam teevrata profile chaalaa "naan-gassian" gaa kanipinchavacchu, ayinappatikee aikyataku daggaragaa m2 viluvanu kaligi untundi. 
aneka anuvartanaalaku punjam yokka naanhyata mukhyam. fiber-optic communicationlalo single-mode optical fiberku kalapadaniki 1 kii daggaragaa m2 unna kiranaalu avasaram. 
icchina vyaasam yokka colimited punjam entha gattiga kendrikarinchavachho m2 nirnayistundih phokal spot yokka vyaasam m2 gaa maarutundi, mariyu vikiranam pramaanaalu 1/m4 gaa marutayi. icchina lazer kuharaniki, avtput punjam vyaasam (colimited ledhaa focused) m gaa mariyu vikiranam 1/m2 gaa untundi. idhi lazer meshining mariyu lazer veldinglo chaalaa mukhyam, idhi weld pradaesamloe adhika fluence meeda aadharapadi untundi. 
saadhaaranamgaa, lazer yokka avtput shakti perige koddi m2 perugutundi. lazer geyin maadhyamamlo thermal lensing kaaranamgaa oke samayamlo adbhutamaina punjam naanhyata mariyu adhika sagatu saktini pondadam kashtam.
bahula-mode punjam pracharam.
nijamaina lazer kiranaalu tarachugaa naan-gassian, multy-mode ledhaa mixed-mode. multy-mode punjam pracharam tarachugaa "embeded" gassian anie pilavabadedigaa pariganinchadam dwara roopondinchabadutundi, dheeni punjam nadumu multimode punjam kante m retlu chinnadigaa untundi. multimode punjam yokka vyaasam pratichota ponduparachabadina gassian punjam kante m retlu untundi, mariyu vibhedam m retlu ekkuvagaa untundi, conny tarangamukha vakrata okate. multimode punjam punjam visteernam kante m2 retlu ekkuva untundi, conny ponduparachabadina punjam kante 1/m2 takkuva punjam teevrata kaligi untundi. idhi edainaa optical vyavasthaku vartistundi, anduvalla multy-mode lazer punjam yokka kaneesa (kendrikruta) spot parimaanam ledhaa punjam nadumu embeded gassian punjam nadumu kante m retlu ekkuva.