bandham gattipadatam

bandham gattipadatam anedi balamaina lazer kshetraala dwara kotta rasayana bandhaanni srushtinche prakriya-bandham mrudutvaaniki vyatiraeka prabhavam. ayithe, bandham balamgaa maarutundane ardhamlo idhi vyatiraekam kaadu, conny anuvu bandham-mruduvaina sthithiki puurti viruddhamgaa unde sthithiloki pravesistundi anae ardhamlo. atuvanti sthithulaku 1013-1015 W/cm2 paridhiloo adhika teevrata kaligina lazer pulls avasaram, mariyu pulls poeyina tarvaata avi adrusyamavutaayi.
siddhaantam.
bandham gattipadatam mariyu bandham mruduvugaa maaradam oke saiddhaantika aadharaanni panchukuntaayi, idhi taruvaati pravesam krinda vivarinchabadindi. kluptamgaa, h2 + ayan yokka bhoomi mariyu modati uttejita shakti vakratalu photanlatho alankarinchabadi untaayi. lazer kshetram vakrarekhalaku bhangam kaligistundi mariyu vaati crossinglanu anticrossingluga maarustundi. baand mettabadatam anedi anticrossingla diguva saakhalapai jarugutundi mariyu anuvu eguva saakhalaku uttejitamaite baand gattipadatam jarugutundi-anjoorapu chudandi. 1.
anuvunu bandham gattipadina sthithilo bandhinchadaaniki, anticrossing gyap chaalaa chinnadigaa ledhaa chaalaa peddadigaa undakudadu. idhi chaalaa chinnadi ayithe, vyavastha anticrossing yokka diguva saakhaku diabetic parivartanaku lonavutundi mariyu bandham mrudutvam dwara vidipotundi. antaram chaalaa peddadi ayithe, eguva saakha nissaramga ledhaa vikarshana chendutundi, mariyu vyavastha kooda vidipovachhu. dheeni ardham bandham-gattipadina sthithulu saapekshamgaa irukaina lazer teevrata paridhiloo matrame undagalavu, idhi vaatini gamaninchadam kashtataram chestundi.
bandham gattipadatam kosam prayogaatmaka shodhana.
shodhana baand "mettabadatam" unikini prayogaatmakamgaa dhruvikarinchinappudu, bandham gattipadatam vaipu drushti saarinchaaru. 1990la praarambhamlo nivedinchabadina dhwaninche photoelectron spectrum 1-photan mariyu 3-photan anticrossingla vadda sambhavinche bandham gattipadatanni suuchistumdi. eee nivedikalu chaalaa aasaktigaa sweekarinchabaddaayi endukante bandham gattipadatam anedi aneka electronla samishti ejectiontho paatu balamaina lazer kshetraalalo paramaanu bandham yokka spashtamaina sthireekarananu vivarinchagaladu. ayithe, marinta nammadagina saakshyaaniki badulugaa, kotta pratikuula phalitaalu bandham gattipadatanni suduura saiddhaantika sambhaavyataku tagginchaayi. dasaabdam chivarilo matrame, bandham gattipadatam yokka vaastavikata oka prayogamlo sthaapinchabadindi, ikkada lazer pulls vyavadhi kilakila dwara maarutuu untundi.
nischayaatmaka sakshyam.
chilipi prayogam yokka phalitaalu anjooramlo chuupabaddaayi. 2 mapp roopamlo. mapp yokka kendra "bilam" anedi bandham gattipadataaniki santakam. eee santakam yokka pratyaekatanu ardham chesukovadaniki maploni itara lakshanaalanu vivarinchadam avasaram.
mapp yokka kshitija samaantara aksham teevramaina lazer pulls kuu gurayye paramaanu hydrogen yokka ayaneekarana mariyu vichchinnatalo utpatti ayye ayanla samayanni (tof) istundi. edama panel aneka protan sikharaalanu velladistundi; kudi panel saapekshamgaa aasakti laeni, molecular hydrogen ayan yokka oke sikharaanni chooputundi.
niluvu aksham prayogamlo upayoginchina tie neelamani lazer yokka chilipi pulls amplifierlo compressor yokka grating sthaanaanni istundi. grating sthaanam pulls vyavadhini niyantristundi, idhi sunna sthaanaaniki athi takkuva (42 efs) mariyu rendu disalalo perugutundi. vistarinchina pulls kooda kilakilavutundagaa, eee prayogamlo mukhyamainadi kilakila kaadu, pulls vyavadhi, sunna sthaana rekhaku sambandhinchi mapp yokka samaruupata dwara dhruvikarinchabadindi. pulls shakti sthiramgaa unchabadutundi, anduvalla atichinna pulls kooda chaalaa teevramgaa untaayi, ivi sunna sthaanamlo chaalaa ayaanlanu utpatti chestaayi.
gathi shakti vaividhyam.
protan toff spectrum anedi dissociation prakriyaloo kinetic energy vidudala (kerr) nuu kolavadaniki anumatistundi. detector vaipu bayataku vachhe protaanlu detector nundi bayataku vachhe protanla kante chinna tof lanu kaligi untaayi, endukante interaction praantaaniki vartinche bahya vidyut kshetram dwara protaanlanu tirigi tippali. eee munduku-venukaku samaruupata sunna kerr (1.27 microes toff) kuu sambandhinchi protan mapp yokka samaruupataloo pratibimbistumdi.
atyanta saktivantamaina protaanlu anuvu yokka coolumb paeludu nundi vastaayi, ikkada lazer kshetram electronla nundi h2 nuu puurtigaa tolagistundi mariyu rendu bair protaanlu balamaina coolumbic saktitoe okadaanikokati tippikodataayi, yea rasayana bandham dwara addanki lekunda untaayi. tolaginche prakriya takshaname kaadu, conny lazer pulls yokka perugutunna anchuna dasalavaareegaa jarugutundi. lazer pulls entha takkuvagaa unte, tolaginche prakriya antha vaegamgaa untundi mariyu coolumb fores daani puurti balaanni pondadaaniki mundu anuvu vidipovadaaniki takkuva samayam untundi. anduvalla, atthi pandlalooni bayati vampu "lobes" dwara pradarsinchabadinatlugaa, kerr atichinna pulls kosam atyadhikam. 2.
rendava jatha protan sikharaalu (1 ivi kerr) kerr) + ayan yokka bandham mruduvugaa undatam nundi vastundi, idhi protan mariyu tatastha hydrogen anuvugaa (gurtinchabadani) vidipotundi. vibhajana 3-photan gyap vadda praarambhamai 2ω parimitiki (anjooramlo diguva neelam baanam) velutundi. 1). eee prakriya yokka prarambha mariyu tudi saktulu rendoo 1.55 ii. vii. photan saktitoe sthiramgaa untaayi kabatti, kerr kooda anjooramlo rendu niluvu rekhalanu sthiramgaa utpatti chestundi. 2.
athi takkuva shakti protaanlu baand gattipadatam prakriya dwara utpatti cheyabadataayi, idhi kooda 3-photan gyap vadda praarambhamavutundi conny 1ω parimitiki (anjooramloni diguva errati truff) velutundi. 1). prarambha mariyu tudi saktulu kooda ikkada sthiramgaa unnanduna, kerr kooda sthiramgaa undaali, conny spashtamgaa alaa kaadu, endukante kendra "bilam" yokka gundrani aakaram daanini anjooramlo pradarsistundi. 2. eee vaividhyaanni vivarinchadaaniki, h2 + sthithula gatiseelatanu parigananaloki teesukoovaali.
bandham gattipadatam yokka dynamics.
multifotan ayaneekarana prakriyaloo lazer pulls yokka mundari anchuna h2 + ayan srushtinchabadutundi. tatastha anuvu kosam samathoulya antargata anhu vibhajana ayaneekaranam cheyabadina anuvu kante takkuvagaa untundi kabatti, ionic anhu taranga packett bhoomi sthithi sambhaavyata yokka vikarshana vaipu baga kanipistundi mariyu daanini daatadam praarambhistundi (anjuuraanni chudandi. 3).
konni femtosecondlalo taranga packett sambhaavyata bavini daatadaaniki padutundi, lazer teevrata ippatikee niraadambaramgaa untundi mariyu 3-photan gyap takkuvagaa untundi, idhi taranga packett diabeticga daatadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. pedda internuclear separationla vadda, potential baavi yokka sunnitamaina vaalu nemmadigaa taranga pyaaketnu tirigi maarustundi, kabatti packett 3-photan gyap kii tirigi vachinappudu, lazer teevrata gananeeyamgaa ekkuvagaa untundi mariyu baand-gattipadina sthithilo taranga pyaaketnu bandhinche gyap vistrutamgaa untundi, idhi atyadhika teevrata (anjoorapu) antataa untundi. untundi.
lazer teevrata padipoyinappudu, bandham-gattipade shakti vakrarekha asalu akaaraaniki tirigi vastundi, paiki vangi, taranga pyaaketnu paiki lepi, daanilo sagam bhaganni 1ω parimitiki vidudala chestundi (anki. (anki. vaegamgaa teevrata padipothe, ala packett entha ekkuvagaa ettabadutundo, adhi marinta saktini pondutundi, idhi anjoorapu pandlalooni "bilam" yokka kerr enduku undho vivaristundi. 1 anedi atichinna lazer pulls vadda atyadhikam. ayithe, eee shakti labham, amayakamga oohinchinatlugaa lazer pulls yokka perugutunna anchu dwara prerepinchabadadu, conny padipotunna anchu dwara prerepinchabadutundi.
photan yokka oka bhinnam?
nuclear wave packett yokka garishta shakti labham sumaru ωω anie mariyu pulls vyavadhitho nirantaram taggutundani gamaninchandi. antey manam photan yokka bhinnanni kaligi undagalamaa? eee gandaragola pratipaadanaku rendu chellubaatu ayye samadhanalu unnaayi.
photan namuunaa yokka vichchinnam.
photan oka kanamu kaadani, conny saadhaaranamgaa ω yokka puurnaanka gunakaalalo marpidi cheyabade shakti yokka parimaanamgaa matrame anie cheppavacchu, conny ellappuduu kaadu, paina perkonna prayogamlo unnatlugaa. eee konam nundi, phootaanlu quasiparticals, ivi phonanlu mariyu plasmanlanu pooli untaayi, oka konamlo electronlu mariyu protanla kante takkuva "real". eee abhiprayanni asaastreeyamainadigaa kottiparese mundu, quantum electrodynamics rangamlo nobel bahumatini geluchukunna villis lamb maatalanu gurtuchesukovadam viluvah
"photan laantidi edhee ledhu. lopaalu mariyu chaaritraka pramaadaala haasyam matrame bhouthika saastravettalu mariyu optical saastravettalalo daani prajaadaranaku daariteesindi."
dynamic raman prabhavam.
pratyamnaayamgaa, lazer kshetram chaalaa balamgaa undani mariyu pulls chaalaa takkuvagaa undani gurtuchesukovadam dwara photan bhavananu save cheyavachu. nijaaniki, lazer pulls looni vidyut kshetram entha balamgaa undho aaa prakriya samayamlo anjooramlo chithreekarinchabadindi. 3 sumaru vanda photan shoshanalu mariyu uddeepana udgaaraalu jaragavacchu. pulls chinnadi kabatti, tirigi vidudalayye vaati kante ekkuva saktivantamaina photanla shoshanaku anugunamgaa taginanta vistruta bandwidth kaligi untundi, idhi ω yokka bhinnam yokka nikara phalitaanni istundi. samarthavantamgaa, manaku oka rakamaina dynamic raman prabhavam untundi.
sunna-photan vibhajana.
photan bhavanaku marinta adbhutamaina savaalu sunna-photan dissociation prakriya (jedpidi) nundi vastundi, ikkada namamatramga phootaanlu grahinchabadavu, conny lazer kshetram nundi kontha saktini ippatikee velikiteestaaru. eee prakriyanu pradarsinchadaaniki, molecular hydrogen oka ti yokka 3 va harmonic yokka 250 efs pulls kuu bahirgatamaindih neelamani lazer. photan shakti 3 retlu ekkuvagaa unnanduna, shakti vakrarekhala antaram anjooramlo choopabadindi. 1 anedi 3 retlu peddadi, 3-photan crossing sthaanamlo 1-photan crossingnu amarcharu, anjooramlo chuupina vidhamgaa. 4. munupatilage, lazer kshetram crossingnu anticrossinga maarchindi, baand mrudutvam daani diguva saakhapai prerepinchabadindi mariyu baand gattipadatam eguva saakhapai kampana taranga packetlo kontha bhaganni chikkukundi. lazer teevrata peragadamlo anticrossing gyap vistrutam avutuu, taranga pyaaketnu 0ω parimitiki ettutuu, anuvunu chaalaa chinna kertho vidadeestoondi.
Zpd yokka prayogaatmaka santakam sunna kerr vadda protan sikharam. antekakunda, oka protan eee sikharaaniki cherukune sambhaavyata lazer teevrata nundi swatantramgaa unnatlu kanugonabadindi, idhi sunna-photan prakriya dwara prerepinchabadindani nirdhaaristundi, endukante bahula photan prakriyala sambhaavyata teevrataku anulomaanupaatamlo untundi, "i", grahinchina photanla sankhyaku penchabadutundi, idhi "i" 0 = sthiraamkam istundi.

