
neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatva parirakshanapai samavesam

neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatva rakshanapai samavesam anedi aikyaraajyasamiti vidya, shaastreeya mariyu saamskrutika samstha (unesco) yokka saadhaarana samavesam dwara 2001 november 2naa aamodinchabadina oppandam. 100 samvatsaraalaku paiga neetilo munigi unna "saamskrutika, chaaritraka ledhaa puraavastu swabhaavam kaligina maanava uniki yokka anni jadalanu" rakshinchadaaniki eee samavesam uddesinchabadindi. idhi naukaadala shidhilaalu, munigipoyina nagaralu, charitrapurva kalaakrutulu, dochukodagina sampada, tyaagam mariyu khananam pradaesaalu mariyu mahaasamudraala antastulanu kappi unche paatha odarevula rakshanaku vistarinchindi. neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatvaanni parirakshinchadam mukhyamainadi, endukante idhi aneka chaaritraka sanghatanalanu tirigi cheppadaniki veelu kalpistundi. shaastreeya parisoedhanalu nirvahinchadam, neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatvam yokka praamukhyatapai nirantara vidyanu andinchadam daani kartavyamlo bhaagamgaa, unesco prastuta mariyu bhavishyat taraala aanandam kosam eee pradaesaalanu nirvahinchadaaniki prayatnistundi. avagahana penchadaaniki mariyu prapanchavyaaptamgaa jalaallo jarugutunna akrama dopidi mariyu piratingnu edurkovadaniki eee samavesam oka aachaarabaddhamaina chatraanni andinchavacchu. oka antarjaateeya samsthagaa, eee sadassuloni sabhya deshaalu tama adhikara paridhiloo mariyu ettaina samudraalalo munigipoyina saamskrutika aastini parirakshinche disagaa panicheyadaaniki angeekaristaayi.
saamskrutika vaarasatvam.
antarjaateeya samsthagaa unesco prapanchavyaaptamgaa saamskrutika vastuvula samrakshana disagaa krushi chestune undhi. saamskrutika aasti maadirigaane, bhavishyat taraalaku pradaanam cheyabadina bhouthika vastuvulu matrame saamskrutika vaarasatva rakshanaloki raavacchu. anduvalla idhi prastuta mariyu bhavishyat taraalaku mukhyamaina chaaritraka sanghatanala gurinchi telusukovadaaniki veelu kalpinche vaarasatva roopam. pratyekinchi vaarasatva bhavanaku, airopa council krinda airopa puraavastu vaarasatva rakshanapai 1885 samavesam mariyu puraavastu vaarasatva rakshanapai european samavesam vanti antarjaateeya oppandaalu unnaayi. eee samsthalu prapanchavyaaptamgaa unna sanghaalaku pratyaekamaina saamskrutika vaarasatva puraatana vastuvulu mariyu pradaesaala chuttoo vistruta chattaparamaina rakshanalanu srushtistaayi. 1954 hage samavesam nijamgaa saamskrutika vaarasatva rakshana gurinchi charchinchadaaniki prayatninchina modati antarjaateeya samavesam. prajala sreyassu kosam 'mukhyamaina' mariyu 'viluvaina' aastigaa pariganinchabade daanini nirvachinchadamlo, saamskrutika aastini parirakshinche samasya antarjaateeya paarteelaku gurtinchadaginadigaa maarindi. prapancha saamskrutika mariyu sahaja vaarasatva rakshanaku sambandhinchina 1972 unesco sadassulo matrame, antarjaateeya sthaayilo rakshinchaalsina saamskrutika vastuvulanu nirvachinchadaaniki 'saamskrutika vaarasatvam' anae padaanni upayoginchaaru. ayithe, daani vistrutamaina nirvachanam kaaranamgaa, puraavastu vaarasatva rakshanapai 1992 european conventionlo saamskrutika vaarasatva bhavana marinta savarinchabadindi. deshaala charitra mariyu gurtimpunu roopondinche saamskrutika vastuvulanu rakshinchadamlo saarvatrika viluvanu nokki cheppadaniki avi upayogapadataayi.
100 samvatsaraala parimiti kaalamtho paatu, 2001 unesco conventionlo 'saamskrutika, chaaritraka ledhaa puraavastu paatra' anae padabandhaanni neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatvaanni nirvachinche arhata bhavanalaga chaerchaaru. saamskrutika vaarasatvaaniki chendina aneka vastuvulu neeti nundi bayataku teesinappudu vaati praamukhyatanu kolpotayi kabatti, eee samavesam munigipoyina pradaesaala samrakshananu nirdhaarinchadaaniki prayatnistundi.
content.
samavesam yokka adhikaarika paatham artical 1loe nirvachinchina neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatva rakshanaku sambandhinchi raashtraala paarteela baadhyatalanu nirdesistundihi
"kaneesam 100 samvatsaraalugaa, kramaanugatamgaa ledhaa nirantaramgaa, paakshikamgaa ledhaa puurtigaa neetilo unna saamskrutika, chaaritraka ledhaa puraavastu lakshanaalanu kaligi unna maanava uniki yokka anni jaadalu". ""
articles 1-4 eee samavesam mariyu daani lakshyalanu, alaage samudra chattam (unclass) mariyu rakshana chattampai aikyaraajyasamiti samavesaniki daani sambandhaanni nirvachistundi.
articles 5-12 unclose dwara nirvachinchabadina naalugu samudra mandalaala (praadaesika samudram, prakkane unna praantam, pratyeka aardhika praantam, praantam) lopala vividha sthaayila baadhyatalu mariyu vidhaanaalanu nirvachistaayi.
chattaviruddhamgaa swaadheenam chesukunna neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatvaanni swaadheenam chesukovadam, itara rashtra paartiilatoe sahakarinchadam mariyu neeti aduguna puraavastu saastramlo sikshana ivvadam vanti marinni baadhyatalanu articles 13-21 nirvachistaayi.
chattabaddhamaina samsthala erpaatu, raashtraala paarteela madhya vivaadaala parishkaram mariyu dhruvikarana paddhatulu vanti samavesam yokka kriyaatmaka amsaalaku sambandhinchina aneka amsaalanu articles 22-35 spashtam chestaayi.
samavesam yokka adhikaarika vachanamtho paatu, 36 niyamaala anubandham neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatvaanni nirdesinche karyakalapala yokka aacharanaatmaka amsaalanu niyantristundi. rashtra paarteelu eee niyamaalu tama praadaesika samudram mariyu prakkane unna jonelo vartinchela chusukovali, alaage vaatini jaateeyulu mariyu genda noukalu anni kattubadi unnayani nirdhaarinchukovaali.
niyamaalu 1-8 saadhaarana suutraalanu nirvachistaayi. veetilo keelakamainavi neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatvaanni vaanijyaparamgaa dopidi cheyadaanni puurtigaa nishedhinchadam mariyu "inn situ" samrakshananu ellappuduu modati empikagaa pariganinchaalane suutram. eee niyamaalu project roopakalpana, parirakshana, documentation mariyu reporting vanti amsaalanu kooda kaligi untaayi.
antarjaateeya chattam.
naukaadalam/private samudra chattam, samudra chattam mariyu saamskrutika vaarasatva chattam madhya unna neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatva chattam yokka chattaparamaina chatram balamgaa undhi. admirality chattam anedi private samsthala madhya samudra paddhatula niyantranaku sambandhinchina private antarjaateeya chattam lopala paatukupoyina oka saakha. naavikaadala chattam rakshana paridhiloki vachhe karyakalapalalo samudra karyakalapalu, samudra rakshana, ravana mariyu sweekarinchadam unnaayi. ummadi nyaya adhikara paridhiki lobadi mariyu desheeya nyaayasthaana vyavasthala paridhiloo nirvahinchabadutunna, naukaadala chattam yokka samstha samudramlo abhyaasaalaku sambandhinchi private paarteela hakkulu mariyu prayojanaalanu parirakshinchadaaniki prayatnistundi. vistruta sthaayilo, eee chattam prapancha samudra paryaavaranaala rakshanaku bharosa istuu, jeevitam mariyu aasti bhadratatho sahaa praja vidhana lakshyalanu neraverchadaaniki prayatnistundi.
antarjaateeya jalaallo abhyaasaalaku sambandhinchi antar-rashtra sambandhaalanu nirvahinchadaaniki samudra chattam yokka praja antarjaateeya nyaya samstha sthaapinchabadindi. eee sanklishtamaina chatta vyavastha daani swantha suutraalanu, amalu mariyu tribunals yokka pratyeka paddhatulanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki abhivruddhi chendindi. dheeni praathamika lakshyam samudra viniyogaaniki sambandhinchi raashtraala hakkulu mariyu vidhulanu nirnayinchadaaniki sahayaka chattaparamaina chatraanni roopondinchadam.
1982loe, munigipoyina vastuvula perugutunna vaanijya dopideetho paatu lothaina samudrapu padakalanu niyantrinchadaaniki samudra chattampai aikyaraajyasamiti samavesam (unclose) abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. kottagaa swatantra raashtraala aavirbhavam nepathyamlo, prapanchavyaaptamgaa aneka paarteelu upayoginche neetilo neeti aduguna saamskrutika vastuvulanu rakshinchadamlo sahayapade antarjaateeya chattaparamaina samstha avasaram erpadindi. 1973 mariyu 1982 madhya samudra chattampai jarigina moodava aikyaraajyasamiti samavesam (unclass III) phalitamgaa, eee samavesam jaateeya raashtraalaku vartinche aneka kotta nibandhanalanu roopondinchindi. santakam chesina tarvaata, eee samavesam antarjaateeya nibandhanalanu niyantrinche rendu samudra mandalaalanu erpaatu chesindi, samudramlo garishta lothu sthaayini pannendu mailla vadda atikinchindi, antarjaateeya mariyu dveepasamuuha raashtraalaku nirdishta paalanalanu srushtinchindi mariyu moodu kotta antarjaateeya samsthalanu pravesapettindi.
neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatvaanni parirakshinchadampai 2001 unesco samavesam samudramlo sabhya deshaala tagina nirvahanapai antarjaateeya oppandam yokka phalitam. daani chattaparamaina chatram artical 149 mariyu 303 thoo sahaa rendu vibhina vibhagala nundi udbhavinchindi.
unclose yokka artical 149 ilaa andistundihi
"puraavastu mariyu chaaritraka swabhaavam gala anni vastuvulu
manavjati prayojanam kosam eee praantaanni samrakshinchaali ledhaa paaraveyaali.
mottamgaa, praadhaanyata hakkulaku pratyeka gowravam ivvabadutondi
muulam yokka rashtram ledhaa desham, ledhaa saamskrutika muulam yokka rashtram, ledhaa
chaaritraka mariyu puraavastu muulam yokka rashtram."
unclass yokka artical 303 ilaa perkondih
"1. puraavastu vastuvulanu rakshinchaalsina baadhyata raashtraalaku undhi mariyu
samudramlo kanipinche chaaritraka swabhaavam mariyu eee prayojanam kosam sahakaristundi.
2. atuvanti vastuvulapai traafiknu niyantrinchadaaniki, teerapraanta rashtram
artical 33nii vartimpajeyadamlo, vaatini tolaginchinatlu anukovacchu
aaa vyaasamlo perkonna jonelo daani aamodam lekunda samudra mattam
daani bhuubhaagam ledhaa praadaesika paridhiloo ullanghanaku daari teestundi
aaa vyaasamlo perkonna chattalu mariyu nibandhanala samudram.
3. eee vyaasamlo edhee gurtinchadagina yajamaanula hakkulanu prabhaavitam cheyadu,
rakshana chattam ledhaa naukaadalam yokka itara niyamaalu, ledhaa chattalu ledhaa paddhatulu
saamskrutika vaarasatvaaniki sambandhinchi.
4. eee vyaasam itara antarjaateeyaalaku pakshapaatam lekunda undhi
rakshanaku sambandhinchi antarjaateeya chattam yokka oppandaalu mariyu niyamaalu
puraavastu mariyu chaaritraka swabhaavam gala vastuvulu."
sabhya deshaalu conventionlo perkonna nibandhanalaku kattubadi undela chuudataaniki, vaaru eee krindi vaatini marinta sweekarinchaali;
1 prati paksham desheeyulu mariyu noukalu neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatva rakshanaku uddeshapoorvakamgaa antaraayam kaliginche karyakalapalalo palgonakunda nishedhinche desheeya chattanni aamodinchaali.
2 prati paksham, pratyeka aardhika praantam (eej), khandantara shelf mariyu praantamloo unna neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatvamlo bhaagamgaa pariganinchabade unesco mariyu thoti sabhya deshaalaku jaateeyulu mariyu noukalannee edainaa kotta aavishkaranalanu nivedinchaalani korutundi.
3 neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatvamgaa pariganinchabade vastuvula laavaadaeveelanu nirodhinchadaaniki prati paksham tagina charyalu teesukoovaali. indulo akrama ammakam ledhaa egumati, alaage vaari bhoobhaagamlo kanipinche vastuvu yokka vaanijyam ledhaa swaadheenam vantivi untaayi.
mukhyamaina kesulu.
eejiptlooni faroes teeramlo 320 mariyu 1303 madhya namodaina 22 bhookampaalu alegzandria nagaranni kadilinchaayi, idhi faroes litehouseku nilayam. eee bhookampaala prabhavalu, mariyu taruvaati sataabdaalaloo anekam pedda smaaraka chihnam samudramlo padi undavacchani suuchistunnaayi, 1994loe puraavastu shaastravetta zeane-vives empire netrutvamloni anveshana mission kosam bhaarii raathi blaakulanu vadilivesindi. paatha lighthouse yokka aneka bhagalu alegjaandriyaaloni come ell-dicca museumlo pradarsinchabadutunnaayi, puraavastu saastravettalu samudrapu adugubhaagamlo sumaru 500 mukkalu migili unnayani suuchistunnaaru. nedu, alegzandria lighthouse puraatana prapanchamlooni edu adbhutaalalo okati. 
1545 juulai 19naa, "maerii roez" anie piluvabade british ooda united kingdamloni portsmouth naukaasrayam diguvana munigipoyindi. daani vaiphalyaalu ippatikee oka rahasyamgaa migilipoyinappatiki, oodaloo kaneesam 500 mandhi chikkukunnarani anchanaa veyabadindi, veerilo 35 mandhi matrame 1982loe surakshitamgaa tappinchukunnaaru, oodanu daani vishraanti sthalam nundi paiki ettadam aravai millionla mandhi prajalu chuusaaru, daani 19,000 kanugonna vastuvulu ippatikee chekkuchedarakunda unnaayi. maerii roez" museumlo neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatvaaniki chendina eee smaaraka chihnanni samrakshinchadam valla, prajalu eee noukanu mariyu daani kalakhandalannintini aasvaadinchadam konasaginchavacchu.
1628loe sweeden teeramlo, swedish naavikaadalam garvamgaa unna "vasa" baltic samudramloni challani jalaala kinda lothugaa munigipoyindi. king gustavus II adolphus aadesaala meraku, muppai samvatsaraala yuddhamlo swedish sainika daadulaku maddatugaa eee apaaramaina noukanu nirminchaaru, ayinappatikee samudramlo vaegamgaa veeche gaalula kaaranamgaa padipoyindi. 1961loe puraavastu saastravettala brundam sidhilaalanu paiki lepe varaku vasa saantiyutamgaa neeti aduguna undipoyindi. adrushtavasaattuu, samudrapu adugubhaagamlo ekkuva samayam gadipinappatikee, sidhilaalu mariyu daani vastuvulannee rakshinchabaddaayi. nedu, stockhomeloni swedish "vasa" museum saamskrutika vaarasatva chihnamgaa undhi, idhi prapanchavyaaptamgaa praja pourulaku avagahana kalpinchadaaniki ankitam cheyabadindi.
1985loe, saastravettala brundam newfoundland teeramlo atlantic mahasamudram yokka uttara jalaallo "rms" titanicnu kanugonnaru, kenadaalo 1,800 kalakhandalu sidhilaala pradaesamloe kanugonabaddayi, eee aavishkarana neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatva rangaaniki chaalaa mukhyamaina sahakaram anie bhaavinchi, "titanic" migilina prayaaneekula chuttoo mukhyamaina prasnalanu levanettindi, sidhilaala viluva mariyu andulo kolpoyina vastuvulu, alaage pramaadam yokka prabhavam, ooda aavishkarana, mariyu itara munigipoyina sidhilaalu, neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatva rakshanapai unesco samavesam yokka chattaparamaina chatram gurinchi kooda prasnalanu levanettaayi.
dopidi mariyu dopidi.
kristupurvam aarava sataabdam praarambhamlo, roman italii greeku kaalaneelapai niyantrananu pondhi, paaschaatya raashtraalato pottu pettukovadamtho, idhi rashtraanni atyanta saktivantamaina naukaadala samsthagaa maarchadaaniki veelu kalpinche naukaadalaanni abhivruddhi chesindi. italii thoorpu tiiraala vembadi chattaviruddhamaina jalaala kaaranamgaa, eee praantam samudrapu dongatanaalalo prabalamgaa undedi. aadhunika panditulu eee praantaanni "adavi, anagarika tegala nivaasitulu, bhoomi mariyu samudram yokka churukaina dongalagaa undevaaru, mariyu antargata nundi nirantaram balopetam cheyabaddavaaru" anie paerkonnaaru. eee sanghatanala vruttaamtaalanu chaalaa mandhi vivaadam chestunnappatiki, samudrapu dongala yokka krooramaina swabhaavam netikee nijamgaane konasaagavacchu. naukaadala yuddhaaniki prajaadarana tagginappatikee, aadhunika samudrapu dongalu ippudu tamaku kaavalasina sampadanu saadhinchadaaniki pratyaamnaayaala vaipu moggu chuuputunnaaru.
nedu, kanugonabadani moodu millionla nauka sidhilaalu mariyu sidhilaalu mahaasamudraala diguvana konasaagutunnaayani anchanaa. 1940la nundi scooba-diving parichayam mariyu perugutunna prajaadaranhatho, atuvanti neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatva pradaesaala praapyata kotta nidhi kosam aadhunika samudrapu dongalaku sulabhataram avtondi. 1974 natiki, turkey tiiraalaloo telisina anni naukaadala shidhilaalanu neeti aduguna unna samudrapu dongalu dopidi chesaarani adhyayanalu ippatike choopinchaayi. adanamgaa, izrael puraavastu saastravettalu okappudu shidhilaalu mariyu pradaesaalaloo padi unna kaneesam 60 saatam saamskrutika vastuvulu ippudu etuvanti jaada lekunda adrushyamayyaayani anchanaa vestunnaru. prapanchamlooni mahaasamudraala yokka bhaarii samuuhamu mariyu andulo jarige anni karyakalapalanu paryavekshinchalekapovadam valla, samudrapu dongalu mariyu neeti aduguna dongalu saamskrutika vaarasatvam mariyu saamskrutika aasti samrakshanaku gananeeyamaina muppunu konasagistunnaru.
2006loe unesco oppandaanni portugal anae adanapu rashtram aamodinchindi, daani neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatva pradaesaalanu dochukovadaniki antarjaateeya rakshana avasaram. 1993loe puraavastu travvakaala samayamlo neeti aduguna sekarinchina kalakhandalanu vikrayinchadaaniki kotta chattam anumatinchina taruvaata, kaneesam aaru antarjaateeya nidhi vaeta samsthalu portugal tiiraalaloo tamanu taamu sthaapinchukunnaayi. dheeni kaaranamgaa, bhouthika vastuvulu saraina samrakshana lekunda dochukobadi undavacchu, venuka migilipoyina saamskrutika aastini debbateesi undavacchu. portugal saamskrutika vastuvula nashtanni matrame kakunda, daani chaaritraka sanghatanala gurinchi saadhyamayye vaastavaalanu kooda edurkondi. 
 nedu, unesco samavesam dwara rakshinchabadina deshaalalo portugal okati, indulo vaanijya dopidi mariyu chedaragottadam chattabaddhamgaa nishedhinchabadindi, mariyu neeti aduguna puraavastu pradaesaalu mariyu sidhilaalu bhavishyattu kosam samrakshinchabaddaayi.
vimarsalanu.
2001 un conventionpy santakam cheyakunda, united states "maanava uniki yokka anni jaadalu" anae padam chaalaa vistrutamainadi, chattabaddhamgaa mariyu bhavishyat taraala samrakshana kosam neeti aduguna saamskrutika vaarasatvaanni parirakshinchadaaniki oka yantranga saadhanamgaa undani nirdesinchindi. united kingdom kooda eee aandolananu kaligi undhi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa aadharalu unnappatikee, saarvabhouma roganirodhaka shakti suutraanni ksheeninchinatlu kanipistunnanduku mariyu daggari nibandhanalaku anukuulamgaa lenanduku unesco conventionnu konni rashtraalu vimarsinchaayi.
daggari vyasalapai vimarsha emitante avi aspashtamainavi mariyu aspashtamainaviga pariganinchabadataayi. artical 149 puraavastu prakruti vastuvulanu yea paddhatiloo samrakshinchi, paaraveyaalo, alaage prastuta mariyu bhavishyat taraalandarikee prayojanam chekurche vidhamgaa vaati samrakshanhalo yea yantraamgaalanu erpaatu cheyaalo perkonadamlo viphalamaindi. 
columbia prabhutvam spanish gallion shaan josnu kanugonadamtho, mariyu gallion daani mottam sarukutho daavaa vese prayatnamlo, spanish prabhutvam columbia oodanu rakshinchakundaa aapadaniki oka charyaga eee samavesanni upayoginchadaaniki prayatninchindi. artical 13 munigipoyina yuddhanaukalapai saarvabhouma roganirodhaka saktini gurtistundi, conny columbia eee sadassulo palgonadam ledhu. vidigaa, columbia daani munigipoyina vaarasatvamlo gallion bhaganni pilichindi, kabatti idhi yuddhanaukanu rakshinchadaaniki mariyu samrakshinchadaaniki rajyangabaddhamga kattubadi undhi.
paarteelu.
november 2021 natiki, eee oppandamlo 71 raashtraala paarteelu unnaayi.