
garishta gorkey

alexey maximovic peshkov (-18 juun 1936), pramukhamgaa maxim gorkey () gaa prasiddhi chendaaru, oka russian mariyu soviet rachayita mariyu saamyavaada raajakeeya aalochanaaparudu mariyu pratipaadakudu. ayana saahityamlo nobel bahumatiki aidusarlu nominate ayyaru. rachayitagaa vijayam saadhinchadaaniki mundu, athanu tarachugaa udyogaalu maarchukune russian saamrajyam antataa vistrutamgaa prayaaninchaadu, aaa anubhavalu taruvaata athani rachananu prabhaavitam chesaayi.
gorkey yokka atyanta prasiddha rachanalu 1890laloe raasina athani prarambha chinna kathalu ("chelkash", "old isergill", mariyu "iravai aaru purushulu mariyu oka ammai"); "dhi philisteins" (1901), "dhi loyar depths" (1902) mariyu "childron off dhi sunn" (1905); oka padyam, "dhi sang off dhi story petrel" (1901); athani aatmakathaatmaka trayam, "naa balyam, prapanchamlo, naa vishwavidyaalayaalu" (1913-1923); mariyu oka navala, "talli" (1906). gorkey swayamgaa eee rachanalalo konnintini vaiphalyaluga teerpu icchaadu, mariyu "talli" tarachugaa vimarsinchabadindi; gorkey swayamgaa "talli" nii thana atipedda vaiphalyaalo okatigaa bhaavinchaadu. ayithe, "dhi artamonov business" (1925) mariyu "dhi life off clim samjin" (1925-1936) vanti navalalu vanti konni antagaa teliyani viplavaatmaka anantara rachanala gurinchi vecchani teerpulu vachayi; rendodi gorkey yokka kalakhandamga pariganinchabadutundi mariyu konnisaarlu vimarsakulu dheenini aadhunika rachanaga chuusaaru. athani viplavapurva rachanala (vaari "manastatva vyatiraekata" kii prasiddhi chendina) maadirigaa kakunda, gorkey yokka chivari rachanalu russian viplavam yokka sandigdha chitrana mariyu "maanava manastatvasaastram patla aadhunika aasakti" (dii. ess. mirsky). athanu thoti russian rachayitalu leo tolstoy mariyu anton chekhovlatho anubandham kaligi unnadu, iddaroo thana ghnaapakaalalo gorkey dwara prastaavinchabaddaaru.
gorkey abhivruddhi chendutunna marxist communistulo mariyu taruvaata bolshevik udyamamlo churukuga unnadu. athanu jarrist palananu bahirangamgaa vyatirekinchaadu, kontakaalam paatu vladimir lenin mariyu alegzander bogdanov yokka russian soshal democratic laber party yokka bolshevik vibhaagamto sannihitamgaa sambandham kaligi unnadu. thana jeevitamlo gananeeyamaina bhaagam kosam, athanu russia nundi mariyu taruvaata soviet union (yuu. ess. ess. aarr) nundi bahishkarinchabaddaadu. 1932loe, athanu joseph stallin vyaktigata ahvanampai ussrku tirigi vacchaadu mariyu juun 1936loe thana maranam varaku akkade nivasinchaadu. athanu tirigi vacchina taruvaata, athanu adhikarikamga "saamyavaada vaastavikata vyavasthaapakudu" gaa prakatinchabaddaadu. athani adhikaarika khyati unnappatikee, soviet paalanatho gorkey sambandhaalu chaalaa kashtamgaa undevi. aadhunika panditulu ayana devuni nirmaana bhavajaalaanni adhikaarika marxism-leninism nundi bhinnamgaa bhaavistaaru, ayana rachanalu "saamyavaada vaastavika" label kinda asoukaryamgaa saripothayi. gatha samvatsaraallo athani rachanalu european dasalaku tirigi vacchi tirigi prachurinchabadutunnappatiki, athani raajakeeya jeevita charitra kaaranamgaa gorkey rachana ippatikee vivaadaaspada khyaatini kaligi undhi.
jeevitam.
prarambha samvatsaraalu.
alexey maximovic peshkov gaa janminchina gorkey, nizni novgorod loe, padakondu samvatsaraala vayassulo anatha ayyadu. athanu thana ammamma chetha penchabaddaadu mariyu 1880loe pannendu samvatsaraala vayassulo inti nundi paaripoyaadu. 1887 decemberulo aatmahatyaku prayatninchina taruvaata, athanu aidu samvatsaraalu kaalinadakana russian saamrajyam antataa prayaaninchaadu, udyogaalu marchadu mariyu taruvaata thana rachanalo upayoginchina mudralanu kuudagattukunnaadu.
praantiiya vaartaapatrikalalo panichestunna paatrikeyudigaa, athanu (zehudil khlamida) anae maaruperuto raasaadu. 1892loe ayana thana modati chinna katha 'makara chudra' nuu tifflisloni 'kavkaj' (caucasus) vaartaapatrika prachurinchinappudu, 'gorkey' (gorki nundi; aksharala 'chedhu') anae maaruperunu upayoginchadam praarambhinchaaru, akkada ayana chaalaa vaaralu chinna chinna udyogaalu chestu gadiparu, ekkuvagaa caucassian railway workshopla kosam. eee paeru russialo jeevitam gurinchi athani kopaanni mariyu chedhu nijam matladalane sankalpaanni pratibimbistumdi. 1898loe gorkey yokka modati pustakam "ocherki ii raskji" ("vyasalu mariyu kathalu") sanchalana vijayanni saadhinchindi, rachayitagaa athani vrutti jeevitam praarambhamaindi. prapanchaanni marchagala naitika mariyu raajakeeya charyaga kakunda saahityaanni soundarya sadhanaga (shaili mariyu roopampai kashtapadi panichesinappatiki) takkuvagaa chuustuu gorkey nirantaram vrasadu. atyalpa vargaala prajala jeevitaalanu, samaajamlooni anchula prajalanu, vaari kashtalu, avamanalu, krooratvaanni, conny maanavatvam yokka antargata spaarknu kooda ayana vivarinchaaru.
raajakeeya mariyu saahitya abhivruddhi.
samaajamlooni diguva sthaayi nundi oka pratyaekamaina saahitya swaramgaa mariyu russia yokka saamaajika, raajakeeya mariyu saamskrutika parivartanaku utsaahabharitamaina nyayavadiga gorkey yokka keerti perigindi. 1899 natiki, athanu udbhavistunna marxist saamaajika-prajaasvaamya udyamamtho bahirangamgaa anubandham kaligi unnadu, idhi atanni medhaavulalo mariyu perugutunna "chetana" kaarmikulalo pramukhudiga maarchadaaniki sahaayapadindi. ayana chesina panulannintikee gundelo maanava vyakti yokka swaabhaavika viluva mariyu saamardhyampai nammakam undedi. thana rachanalo, athanu vyaktulanu, vaari sahaja gowravam gurinchi telusukuni, shakti mariyu sankalpam dwara prerana pondhi, vaari chuttoo unna jeevana paristhitulaku longipoye vyaktulatoe pratighatinchaadu. athani rachanalu mariyu athani lekhalu rendoo vishwaasam mariyu samsayavaadam, jeevita prema mariyu maanava prapancham yokka asleelata mariyu chinnatanampai asahyam yokka viruddhamaina bhavalanu parishkarinchadaaniki poraadutunna "asaantigala vyakti" (tarachugaa sweeya-vivarana) nuu velladistaayi.
1916loe, praacheena yoodu rushi hillel dhi elder bodhanalu athani jeevitaanni teevramgaa prabhaavitam chesayani gorkey chepparu "naa prarambha yavvanamlo neenu chadivaanu...padaalu...hillel, neenu sarigga gurthunchukunteh 'meeru mea kosam kakapothe, mea kosam evaru untaaru? conny meeru mea kosam matrame unte, meeru enduku? eee padaala antargata ardham daani lothaina ghnaanamtho nannu aakattukundi...aaa aalochana naa aatmalo lothugaa kalisipoyindi, ippudu neenu nammakamtho cheptunnanuh hillel yokka ghnaanam naa maargamlo balamaina sibbandigaa panichesindi, idhi sulabham kooda kaadu. yoodula ghnaanam anninti kante maanavatvam mariyu saarvatrikamainadani neenu nammutunnaanu; idhi daani praacheena vayassu kaaranamgaa matrame kaadu...conny daanini santruptam chese saktivantamaina maanavatvam kaaranamgaa, daani adhika anchanaa kaaranamgaa."
athanu jarrist palananu bahirangamgaa vyatirekinchaadu mariyu anekasaarlu arrestu cheyabaddaadu. gorkey aneka mandhi viplavakaarulato sneham chesi, 1902loe vaaru kalisina tarvaata vladimir leninku vyaktigata snehitudu ayyadu. athanu patrika prabhutva niyantrananu bahirgatam chesaadu (matway golowinsky vyavaharam chudandi). 1902loe, gorkey saahityaaniki gourava vidyaavettagaa ennikayyaaru, conny rendava jaar nicolus dheenini raddu cheyaalani aadesinchaadu. nirasanaga, anton chekhov mariyu vladimir corolenco academyni vidichipettaru.
1900 nundi 1905 varaku, gorkey rachanalu marinta asajanakamga marai. athanu pratipaksha udyamamlo marinta palgonnadu, dheeni kosam athanu 1901loe mallee kontakaalam khaidu cheyabaddaadu. 1904loe, vladimir nemirovic-danchenkotho sangharshana nepathyamlo masco art theatretho thana sambandhaanni tenchukunna gorkey thana sonta theatres sthaapinchadaaniki nizni novgorodku tirigi vacchaadu. constantine stanislavsky mariyu savva morozov iddaroo eee ventureku aardhika sahayanni andinchaaru. gorkey yokka theatre praantiiya theatres netvarknu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki oka avakaasam anie stanislavsky viswasinchaadu, idhi russialo vedika yokka kalanu samskaristundani athanu aasinchaadu, idhi 1890la nundi athani kala. athanu art theatre paatasaala nundi kontamandi vidyaarthulanu-alaage paatasaalanu naduputunna eosoff tikhomirovnu-akkada panicheyadaaniki pampaadu. ayithe, saradrutuvu natiki, theatre vedikapai pratipaadinchina prati natakanni sensor nishedhinchina taruvaata, gorkey eee prajectunu vidichipettadu.
aardhikamgaa vijayavantamaina rachayita, sampadakudu mariyu naataka rachayitagaa, gorkey russian soshal democratic laber party (rsdlp) kii aardhika maddatu icchaaru, alaage poura hakkulu mariyu saamaajika samskaranala kosam prabhutvaaniki udaaravaada vignaptulaku maddatu icchaaru. 1905 janavari 9naa samskaranala kosam oka petitiontho ("bloody sandey" anie piluvabade) jaar vaipu kavaatu chestunna kaarmikula krooramaina kaalpulu, 1905 viplavam prarambhamainappudu, teevramaina parishkarala vaipu marinta nirnayaatmakamgaa munduku saaginatlu anipistundi. athanu vladimir lenin mariyu alegzander bogdanov yokka party yokka bolshevik vibhaagamto sannihitamgaa sambandham kaligi unnadu, bogdanov gorkey nundi vperedku nidhula badileeki baadhyata vahinchaadu. athanu eppudaina adhikarikamga cherada anedi spashtamgaa teliyadu, lenin mariyu bolsheviklatho athani sambandhaalu ellappuduu kathinamgaa untaayi. eee samvatsaraallo ayana raasina atyanta prabhaavavantamaina rachanalu raajakeeya naatakaala shreni, atyanta prasiddhamaina "diguva lotulu" (1902). 1905 naati viphalamaina russian viplavam samayamlo peater mariyu paal kotalo kontakaalam khaidu cheyabadinappudu, gorkey 1862 kalara antuvyaadhi samayamlo namamatramga sett cheyabadina "suuryuni pillalu" anae natakanni raasaaru, conny prastuta sanghatanalaku sambandhinchinadigaa vishwavyaaptamgaa ardham chesukunnaru. itarulatoe paatu maerii curie, auguste rodin mariyu anatol france maddatu icchina european-wide pracharam tarvaata athanu jailu nundi vidudalayyaadu.
gorkey 1905 naati masco tirugubaatuku sahayam chesaadu, daani anachiveta taruvaata athani apartmentpy nallajati vandalaadi mandhi daadi chesaaru. aaa taruvaata athanu finlandloni saima sarassuku paaripoyaadu. 1906loe, bolsheviklu atanni evon narodneetho kalisi samyukta raashtraalaku nidhula sekarana paryatanaku pampaaru. adrondock parvataalanu sandarsinchinappudu, gorkey thana viplavaatmaka marpidi mariyu poraatam yokka mukhyamaina navala ("mott", "mother") raasaaru. united stateslo athani anubhavalu-indulo athani bhaarya kante thana premikudu (nati maria mariyu reyeva) thoo prayaaninchinanduku sambandhinchina kumbhakonam-"burjuwa aatma" patla athani tiraskaaraanni marinta teevrataram chesindi.
kaapari samvatsaraalu.
1906 nundi 1913 varaku, gorkey dakshina italeelooni copri dveepamlo paakshikamgaa aarogya kaaranaala valla mariyu paakshikamgaa russialo perugutunna anachiveta vaataavaranam nundi tappinchukovadaaniki nivasinchaaru. athanu russian saamaajika-prajaasvaamyaaniki, mukhyamgaa bolsheviklaku maddatu ivvadam konasaginchadu mariyu anatoli lunacharskyni thanatho kalisi kaapreelo undataaniki ahvaninchadu. 1908loe vacchina "literatorni raspad" paie iddaroo kalisi panicheesaaru. eee kaalamlone gorkey, lunacharsky, bogdanov mariyu vladimir bazarov lunacharsky, mariyu vladimir bazarov latho kalisi "russian charitra yokka encyclopedia" anae aalochananu dederot yokka "encyclopedy" yokka saamyavaada samskaranagaa abhivruddhi chesaaru.
1906loe, maark twine mariyu itara rachayitala ahvanam meraku maxim gorkey newyork nagaranni sandarsinchaaru. gorkeetho paatu vacchina mahila athani bhaarya kaadani "newyork varald" nivedinchina taruvaata adhyakshudu theodor roojewelt white houseku icchina ahvaanaanni upasamharinchukunnaaru. idhi velladaina taruvaata maanhaatanloni anni hotallu eee jantanu unchadaaniki niraakarinchaayi, mariyu vaaru stayton dveepamlooni oka apartmentlo undalsi vachindi.
switzerland sandarsana samayamlo, gorkey leninnu kalusukunnadu, athanu thana samayanni itara viplavakaarulato vairam penchutuu gadipadani aaropinchaadu, ilaa vraasaadu "athanu bhayamkaramgaa kanipinchaadu. athani naaluka kooda budidarangu ayipoyinatlu anipinchindi ". thana naastikatvam unnappatikee, gorkey bhouthikavaadi kaadu. atyanta vivadaspadamga, athanu konni itara maverick bolsheviklatho paatu, "devuni-nirmaanam" (bogostelestvo, "bogostroitel 'stevo") anie piliche oka tatvaanni vyakteekarinchaadu, idhi viplavam kosam puraana saktini tirigi pondadaaniki mariyu saamuuhika maanavatvaanni unchina matha naastikatvaanni srushtinchadaaniki prayatninchindi, ikkada devudu abhiruchi, adbhutam, naitika khachitatvam mariyu chedu, baadha mariyu maranam nundi kooda vimukti yokka vaagdaanam kaligi unnadu. devuni-nirmaanaanni' lenin egataali chesinappatiki, "samskruti"-maanava aatma yokka viluva mariyu sambhaavyata gurinchi naitika mariyu aadhyaatmika avagahana-viplavam yokka vijayaniki raajakeeya ledhaa aardhika erpaatla kante marinta keelakam anae thana nammakanni gorkey konasaginchadu.
pravasam nundi tirigi ravadam.
romanov raajavamsam 300va vaarshikotsavam sandarbhamgaa manjuru chesina kshamabhiksha, 1914loe gorkey russiaku tirigi raavadaaniki anumatinchindi, akkada athanu thana saamaajika vimarsalanu konasaginchadu, saamaanya prajala nundi itara rachayitalaku maarganirdesam chesaadu mariyu thana aatmakathalo modati bhaagamtho sahaa mukhyamaina saamskrutika ghnaapakaala shrenini rachinchaadu. russiaku tirigi vachinappudu, "prati okkaroo chaalaa naligipoyi, devuni swaroopam lekunda unnaaru" anedi thana pradhana bhaavam anie ayana raasaaru."oke oka parishkaram," "samskruti" "anie ayana padepade prakatinchaaru".
fibravari viplavam taruvaata, gorkey, nikolay sukhanov mariyu vladymyr genesinovlatho kalisi kronersky prospectpy okhrana (rahasya pooliisu) pradhana karyalayanni sandarsinchaadu. gorkey, athanu saahitya prerananu korina, kitikeelu viriginavi, naela antataa kaagitaalu padi unna, maajee okhrana pradhana karyalayanni, bahishkarinchabadinadigaa varninchaadu. adhe roeju taruvaata sukhanovto kalisi bhojanam chesi, viplavam "asea krooratvam" loe mugustundani gorkey teevramgaa anchanaa vaesaadu. praarambhamlo soshalistu-viplavakarudu alegzander kerensky maddatudaaru ayina gorkey, kornilov vyavaharam taruvaata bolsheviklaku maararu. 1917 joolailo, gorkey russian kaarmika vargam gurinchi thana sonta anubhavalanu vrasadu, "russian kaarmikulu aadhyaatmika soundaryam mariyu daya yokka avataaram anae bhaavanalanu tolaginchadaaniki idhi saripotundi". gorkey bolshivism patla aakarshitulayyaarani angeekarinchaadu, conny mottam kaarmika varganni "madhuramgaa mariyu sahetukamgaa chesina oka matam gurinchi aandolanalanu angeekarinchaadu-nijamgaa ilanti vyaktulu naaku eppuduu teliyadu". vadrangulu, vadrangulu, itukalu vesevaaru" anevi tanaku telusani, lenin anae medhavi eppuduu cheyaledani, vaarini taanu spashtamgaa nammaledani gorkey raasaadu.
modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo, petrogradloni athani apartment bolshevik staff roomga maarchabadindi, mariyu 1917 viplava kaalam antataa athani rajakeeyaalu bolsheviklaku daggaragaa undipoyaayi. 1917 november 7 aktobaru viplavam taruvaata rojuna, alegzander paarkulo pani chestunna oka thotamaalini gorkey gamaninchaadu, athanu fibravari viplavam samayamlo manchunu tolaginchi, nepathyamlo shaatlanu vismarinchaadu, juulai rojullo prajalanu gaddini tokkavaddani adigadu mariyu ippudu kommalanu narikivestaadu, gorkey "mondivadila mondivaadu, mariyu spashtamgaa okari vale andhudu" anie vraayadaaniki daariteesaadu. ayithe, october viplavam taruvaata bolsheviklatho gorkey sambandhaalu debbatinnaayi. lenin gurinchi prastaavinchinappudu gorkey "cheekatigaa, nallaga, bhayamkaramgaa" elaa maaripotundo oka samakaaleena gurthu chesukunnadu. vladimir lenin, leone trotsky kalisi "adhikaram yokka muriki vishamtho vishapuuritam ayyarani" gorkey raasaaru, vaari viplavaatmaka kalalanu saadhinchadaaniki vyakti yokka hakkulanu anichivesaaru. lenin "krooramaina mosagadu, athanu sraamikula gowravaanni ledhaa jeevitaanni vidichipettadu" anie gorkey raasaaru. ... aayanaku prajaadarana pondina prajalu teliyadu, ayana vaaritho nivasinchaledu ". lenin "russia yokka sajeeva maamsam" paie prayogaalu chestunnappudu, lenin nuu prayogasaalalo prayogaalu chestunna rasayana saastravettato poolchadaaniki gorkey vellaadu, rasayana shaastravetta jeevitaanni meruguparachadaaniki nirjeeva padaarthamthoo prayogaalu cheyadam matrame thedaa. taruvaati antaryuddha samayamlo athani vaartaapatrika "novaya jijn" ("nova jijn", "kotta jeevitam") bolshevik sensorshipku gurainappudu bolsheviklatho gorkey sambandhaalapai marinta ottidi erpadindi, aaa samayamlo gorkey 1918loe "akaala aalochanalu" anie piluvabade bolshevikla vimarsanaatmaka vyasala sekarananu prachurinchaadu. (soviet union patanam taruvaata varaku idhi russialo tirigi prachurinchabadaledu.) lenin thana ardharahita arrestlu mariyu swechhaa upanyaasam yokka anachivetaku nirankusavaadi anie, mariyu athani kutra vyuuhaalaku araachakavaadi anie vyasalu pilustaayi; gorkey leninnu jaar mariyu nechiv rendintitho polchadu.
soviet prabhutvamlo yoodula vyatiraekataku vyatiraekamgaa pooraataaniki ayana kamiteelo sabhyudiga unnaaru.
1921loe, athanu maura budberg anae kaaryadarsini niyaminchukunnaadu, taruvaata athanu athani umpudugatte ayyadu. 1921 augustulo kavi nikole gumilevnu petrograd cheka thana raacharika abhipraayaala kosam arrestu chesaaru. oka katha undhi, gorkey mascoku hadavidiga velli, lenin nundi gumilevnu vyaktigatamgaa vidudala cheyamani aadesam pondaadu, conny petrogradku tirigi vachinappudu athanu gumilev appatike kalchi champabaddadani telusukunnadu-kaani gumilev vitantuvu yokka sannihita snehituraalu nadejda mandelstam, annah akhmatova ilaa vraasaadu "prajalu atanni jokyam chesukomani koradam nijam. ... gorkeeki gumilev patla teevra ayishtata undedi, ayinappatikee athanu edho okati chestaanani vaagdaanam chesaadu. athanu thana vaagdaanaanni nilabettukolekapoyadu, endukante gorkey edainaa cheyadaaniki mundu, maranasikshanu oohinchani hadavidiga prakatinchi amalu chesaaru."octoberlo, gorkey aarogya kaaranaala valla italeeki tirigi vacchaaduh ataniki kshayavyadhi undhi.
povolgy karuvu.
juulai 1921loe, gorkey bayati prapanchaaniki oka vignaptini prachurinchaadu, lakshalaadi mandhi jeevitaalu panta vaiphalyamtho bhayabhraantulaku gurayyayani cheppadu. povolgy karuvu anie kooda piluvabade, 1921-22 yokka russian karuvu, 5 millionla mandhi maraninchaarani anchanaa veyabadindi, idhi pradhanamgaa volga mariyu ural nadhee praantaalanu prabhaavitam chesindi.
rendava bahishkarana.
gorkey 1921 septembarulo berlin kosam russia nundi bayaludaeraadu. akkada athanu 12 mandhi saamyavaada viplavakaarula masco vichaarana gurinchi vinnadu, idhi bolshevik palanaku athani vyatiraekatanu kathinataram chesindi. russian prajala swechcha kosam pooraadina prajala "hatyaku viraktikaramaina mariyu bahiranga tayari" gaa vichaarananu khandistu athanu anatol fraansku lekha raasaadu. athanu soviet vais-premiere alexey raikovku kooda lekha raasaadu, prativaadi meeda amalu cheyabadina edainaa maranasikshalu "mundastugaa mariyu faul hatya" avtayani leone tratsky cheppamani koraadu."idhi lenin nundi avamaanakaramaina pratispandananu rekettinchindi, athanu gorkeeni" "rajakeeyaallo ellappuduu atyanta vennemuka laenivaadu" "gaa abhivarninchaadu, mariyu trotsky, gorkeeni" "evaruu teevramgaa pariganinchani kalakarudu" "gaa kottiparesadu". italii yokka faasist prabhutvam ataniki kaapreeki tirigi raavadaaniki anumati niraakarinchindi, conny 1922 nundi 1932 varaku athanu nivasinchina sorentolo sthirapadataaniki anumatinchabaddaadu, thana maajee bhaarya maura budberg, aame premikudu, piotar kryuchkov, thana jeevitaantam gorkey kaaryadarsigaa (praarambhamlo yagodaku guudachaari) vyavaharinchina, gorkey kumarudu maaks peshkov, maaks bhaarya, timosha mariyu vaari iddaru chinna kumartelato kuudina vistruta kutumbamtho.
akkada unnappudu ayana aneka vijayavantamaina pustakaalu raasaaru, conny 1928 natiki ayana thana pedda kutumbaanni unchukoovadaaniki taginanta sampaadinchadamloo ibbandi paddaru, communist paalanatho vasati pondadam praarambhinchaaru. communistu party pradhana karyadarshi joseph stallin gorkeeni tirigi usr vaddaku pralobhapettadaaniki samanamga aasakti chuupaaru. 1922 nundi paalana thana modati pradarsana vichaarananu nirvahistunna samayamlo, boggu parisramalo panichestunna 53 mandhi injaneerla shakhti vichaarana anie pilavabade samayamlo, athanu 1928 maeloe thana modati sandarsananu icchaadu, veerilo okaru, piotar osadchi, sorentoloni gorkeeni sandarsinchaaru. soshalistu viplavakaarula vichaarana patla thana vaikhariki viruddhamgaa, injaneerlu doshi anie gorkey etuvanti sandeham lekunda angeekarinchaadu, gatamlo paalana dwara himsimchabadutunna nipunula tarapuna taanu jokyam chesukunnanani vicharam vyaktam chesaadu. paryatana samayamlo, athanu gorkeepai goodacharyam cheyadamlo aasakti chuupina genrikh yagoda (ogpu yokka deputy head) thoo, gulaglo unnata padavini nirvahinchina semione firin mariyu matway pogrebinsky anae maroe iddaru ogpu adhikaarulatho sneham chesaadu. 1930loe naalugu vaaraala paatu sorentolo pogrebinsky gorkeeki atithigaa unnadu. marusati samvatsaram, yagoda thana baava, leopold avarbakhnu sorentoku pampaadu, gorkeeni saasvatamgaa russiaku tirigi raavadaaniki prerepinchadaaniki suuchanalatoe.
tirigi russiaki.
faasist itali nundi gorkey tirigi ravadam soviyatlaku pradhana prachara vijayam. athanu lenin ordertho alankarinchabaddaadu mariyu mascolo oka bhavanam (gatamlo millionaire pavel rayaabushinskeeki chendinadi, idhi chaalaa samvatsaraalugaa gorkey museum) mariyu shivaaru praantaallo oka dacha ivvabadindi. nizni novgorod nagaram, chuttupakkala provins paeru gorkey gaa marchabaddayi. masco pradhana udyaanavanam, mariyu masco pradhana veedhullo okataina twerskaya paeru athani gouravaartham maarchabadindi, alaage masco art theatre kooda. 1930la madhyalo prapanchamlone atipedda sthira-wing vimanam ayina tupolev yant-20kii ayana gouravaartham "maxim gorkey" anie paeru pettaru.
1932loe sthaapinchabadina soviet rachayitala sanghaaniki adhyakshudiga kooda ayana niyamitulayyaaru, ayana ussrku tirigi raavadaaniki idhi oka sandarbham. 1931 aktobaru 11naa gorkey thana adbhuta katha padyam "eah gurl und deth" (1892loe athanu raasinadi) nuu thana sandarsakulu joseph stallin, clement voroshilov mariyu vatcheslav molotovlaku chadivaadu, eee sanghatananu taruvaata victor govarov thana chitralekhanamlo chitreekarinchaaru. adhe rojuna stallin thana autographnu eee rachana yokka chivari pageelo gorkey dwara vadili vellaadu "eee mukka gothe yokka" fust "(prema maranaanni odistundi) kante balamgaa undhi>" voroshilov kooda oka "teermaanam" vadili vellaadu "neenu niraksharaasyudini, conny comrade stallin oka ardham yokka saraina nirvachanam kante ekkuva anie neenu bhaavistunnaanu. gorkey kavitalu. naa tarapuna, neenu chebutanuh neenu emm nii premistunnaanu. maa munduku saage udyamaanni sarigga nirvachinchina naa mariyu naa taragati rachayitagaa gorkey."
vyacheslav ivanov gurthuchesukunnatluga, gorkey chaalaa kalata chendaaduh
gulag kosam apologist.
1933loe, gorkey, tella samudra-baltic kaaluva gurinchi apakhyaati paalaina pustakam avarbakh mariyu firinto kalisi "sraamikavargam yokka maajee satruvula vijayavantamaina punaravasam" kii udaaharanagaa samarpinchaaru. itara rachayitala kosam, vaastavikata nundi praathamika aalochananu velikiteesi vaastavikatanu pondaalani ayana koraru, conny daaniki sambhaavyatanu mariyu vaanchaneeyatanu jodinchadam dwara, lothaina viplavaatmaka saamardhyamtho srungaaraanni jodinchaaru. thana kosam, gorkey vaastavikatanu nivaarinchaadu. paina perkonna kaaluva nirmaana samayamlo okka khaidi kooda maraninchaadani ayana khandinchaaru, alexander solgenitsyn, taginanta aasrayam mariyu aaharam lekapovadamtho saayantram vaelaadi mandhi khaideelu gaddakattarani, conny roeju madhyalo kooda maraninchaarani paerkonnaaru. chaalaa spashtamgaa, solgenitsyn mariyu demetry laikhachov 1929 juun 20naa solovki, "asalu" balavantapu kaarmika shibiram mariyu vaelaadi mandhi itarulu nirminchina namuunaa sandarsananu namodu chesaaru. gorkey yokka pratishtanu batti, (adhikaarulaku mariyu khaideelaku), khaideelu (jecklu) pani chesina chota nundi "kaarmikula dwara parivartana" anae adhikaarika soviet aalochanaku saripoye chotuku shibiram maarchabadindi. raddeeni tagginchadaaniki vaelaadi mandhi khaideela punaravasam, khaideelapai kotta dustulu (vaari lodustulalo sraminchadaaniki upayoginchevi), ledhaa tarpalinla kinda khaideelanu daachadam mariyu chitrahimsala gadula tolagimpunu kooda gorkey gamaninchaledu. gorkeeki "modal khaideelu" anae pillalanu samarpinchinappudu eee mosam bahirgatamaindi, vaarilo okaru gorkeeki "nijam telusukovalanukunte" savaalu chesaaru. nischayamgaa, gadini clear chesi, 14 yella baaludu aaa satyaanni vivarinchaadu-aakali, purushulu chanipoye varaku panicheesaaru, mariyu stambha himsa, gurralaku badulugaa purushulanu upayoginchadam, saaraamsa maranasikshalu, rolling khaideelu, vandalaadi metlatho bhaarii stambhaaniki kattubadi, raatri, lodustulalo, manchulo gadapadam. gorkey aaa baludi gurinchi eppuduu rayaledu, ledhaa aaa baaludini thanatho teesukellamani kooda adagaledu. gorkey vellipoyina tarvaata baaludini uriteesaaru. gorkey kanneellatho gadini vidichipetti, sandarsakula pustakamlo ilaa raasaadu, "naa abhipraayaalanu konni maatalalo vyaktam cheyadaaniki neenu manasika sthithilo laenu. neenu korukonu, avunu, adevidhamgaa viplavam yokka apramattamgaa mariyu avisraantamgaa unna pampudaarulugaa undi, adhe samayamlo, samskruti yokka asaadhaaranamaina dhairya srushtikartalugaa undagala prajala visaeshamaina saktini saamanyamgaa prasamsimchadaaniki nannu neenu anumatinchadaaniki neenu siggupadataanu.
gorkey jeevitacharitrakaarudu pavel besinsky paerkonnatlugaa, "goppa sraamika rachayita" gaa thana pratishtatho kooda gorkeeki "baaludini thanatho teesukelladam" asadhyam. athanu cheppinatlugaa, julia danzasnu vidipinchadaaniki gorkey 2 samvatsaraalaku paiga gadapavalasi vachindi. kontamandi solovki charitrakaarulu oka baaludu unnaadani anumaanistunnaaru.
gorkey itara raajakeeya khaideelaku kooda sahayam chesaadu (athani bhaarya yekaterina peshkova prabhavam lekunda kaadu). udaaharanaku, gorkey jokyam kaaranamgaa mikhail bakhtin yokka prarambha teerpu (solovki yokka 5 samvatsaraalu) 6 samvatsaraala pravaasaaniki maarchabadindi. 
swalinga samparkam gurinchi ullekhanaalu.
1934loe swalinga samparkaanni neerapuurita neeramgaa maarchadaaniki oka chattanni aamodinche prayatnaalaku gorkey gattiga maddatu icchaadu. naajii stermabtilung looni kontamandi sabhyulu swalinga samparkulu anae vaastavam athani vaikharini aakarshinchindi. swalinga samparkulandarinee nirmoolinchandi mariyu faasijam adrusyamavutundi" anae padabandham tarachugaa aayanaku aapaadinchabadutundi. ayana nijaaniki oka prasiddha saametanu utamkimchaaru. 1934 mae 23naa "pravda" loe vraastuu, gorkey ilaa annadu "swalinga samparkaanni naasanam cheyandi mariyu faasijam adrusyamavutundi anae vyangya saameta ippatike undhi."
gorkey mariyu soviet sensorship.
gorkey 1925 nundi balgakov yokka saahitya vruttini anusaristunnadu, athanu modatisaarigaa "dhi faltial eggs" chadivinappudu. ayana raasina lekhala prakaram, appudu kooda ayana thana pratibhanu mecchukunnaru. kontavaraku gorkey balgakov yokka natakalu "dhi cable off hypocrites" mariyu "dhi days off dhi turbiness" pradarsanaku anumatinchabaddaayi. balgakov yokka itara natakam, "flight" yokka masco art theatre utpattini anumatinchadaaniki gorkey thana prabhavanni upayoginchadaaniki kooda prayatninchaadu. ayithe, stallin vyaktigata pratispandana kaaranamgaa idhi nishedhinchabadindi.
stalinismtho vibhedaalu.
1933loe soviet unionku tirigi vacchina taruvaata gorkey paalanatho athani sambandham challabadindi soviet adhikarulu atanni mallii italeelo bayataku raanivvaledu. ayana "pravada" loe prachara vyasalu rayadam, stallin nuu keertinchadam konasaaginchaaru. ayithe, 1934 natiki paalanatho athani sambandham marinta dhooram velutondi. gorkey oka samrakshakudigaa pariganinchina leopold avarbakh, kottagaa srushtinchabadina rachayitala sanghamlo paatranu niraakarinchaaru, mariyu union vyavaharalalo kendra kamitee sibbandi jokyanni vyatiraekimchaaru; gorkey yokka "saamyavaada vaastavikata" bhavana mariyu rachayitala sanghaanni srushtinchadam, raap "saahitya niyantrutvam" nii muginchadaaniki badulugaa mariyu "sraamika" rachayitalanu khandinchina "popachics" thoo ekam cheyadam sensorshipnu penchadaaniki oka saadhanamgaa maarutundi. thana kumarudu maaks yokka mundastu maranampai gorkey yokka niraasatoe teevrataram ayina eee sangharshana, 1934 augustulo modati soviet rachayitala congressku mundu talakindulaindi.
stallin thoo ayana samavesalu marinta arudugaa jarugutunnaayi. aaa samayamlo athanu gorkey abhyardhana kaaranamgaa "academia" publishing house directorga chesina lev kamenev mariyu 1920la nundi gorkeeki snehitudigaa unna nikolai bukharin chetha prabhaavitamavutaaru. augustu 11naa, gorkey "pravda" loe prachurana kosam oka kathanaanni samarpinchaadu, idhi patrika vibhagam yokka deputy head paie daadi chesindi, atuvanti asahana bhaashatho pavel yudin, stallin yokka deputy, lazar kaganovic daani anachivetaku aadesinchaadu, conny aaa vyaasam yokka vandala kaapeelu chethitho pampinhee cheyabadina taruvaata viraminchukovalasi vachindi. congress loe ayana ivvaalsina mukhya prasangam yokka gorkey yokka musaida, daanini politburoku samarpinchinappudu, daani naluguru pramukha sabhyulu-kaganovic, vatcheslav molotov, clement voroshilov mariyu mariyu rii jhdanov-maarpulu cheyadaaniki atanini oppinchadaaniki pampabaddaaru.
 thana prasangamlo athanu fyodar dostovskyni "madhyayuga parisoedhakudu" anie pilustaadu, ayithe, athanu "oka rakamaina ahankari, oka rakamaina saamaajika adhokaranam yokka vyakti, athani" bhoogarbham nundi vacchina gamanikalu "yokka vyakti yokka atyanta spashtamaina paripuurnatatoe chitrinchinanduku, atanini mecchukuntaadu mariyu atanini russian classic saahityamlo oka pradhana vyaktigaa paerkontaadu. party congress kendra kamitee mugisina taruvaata, dheenilo panferov, ermilov, fadev, stavsky mariyu "saamyavaada vaastavikata yokka masters" gaa aamodinchabadina aneka itara rachayitalu soviet rachayitala unionlo sabhyatvaaniki anarhulu anie, spashtamgaa boris pasternack, mariyu reyy baelii, mariyu reyy platonov mariyu artyom volleygy (gorkey thana "raitars brigade" loe taruvaati iddarini teesukunnaru, endukante vaaru prachurinchalekapoyaaru, ayinappatikee athanu vaari paddhatula kosam baelii mariyu platonovnu vimarsinchaadu). athanu panferov navala "braski" gurinchi oka vyaasam kooda rasadu "pratibhagala rachayita yokka shabda lopaalu mariyu nirlakshya saanketikatanu gamaninchaleru, conny athanu salahadaruga mariyu upadhyayudiga vyavaharistaadu, mariyu athanu saahitya vyardhaala utpattini bodhistaadu".
soviet sensorship marinta saktini penchutunnanduna, gorkey kooda pooraadataaniki prayatninchaadu. udaaharanaku, athanu dostovsky yokka "rakshasulu" samasyanu rakshinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu.
sangharshana marinta spashtamgaa kanipinchadamtho, gorkey yokka raajakeeya mariyu saahitya sthaanaalu balaheenapaddayi. panferov gorkeeki samadhanam raasaadu, andulo athanu atanni vimarsinchaadu. david jaslavsky gorkey yokka "rakshasulu" rakshanaku viruddhamaina pratispandananu prachurinchaadu.
konni muulaala prakaram (roman roland diary vantivi), gorkey stallinism vidhaanaalanu guddiga paatinchadaaniki niraakarinchinanduna, athanu party sadbhavananu kolpoyadu mariyu thana chivari rojulanu aprakatita gruha nirbandhamlo gadipadu.
maranam.
mukhyamgaa 1934 decemberulo sergi kirov hatya taruvaata, stallinist anachiveta perugudalato, gorkey-10looni masco sameepamloni athani intlo gorkeeni aprakatita gruha nirbandhamlo unchaaru (aaa pradaesam paeru athani intiperu thoo sambandham laeni russian bhaashalo puurtigaa bhinnamaina padam). athani sudeerghakaalam panichesina karyadarshi piotar kryuchkovnu yagoda chellimpu informerga niyaminchaaru. juun 1936loe anaarogyamtho maraninchadaaniki mundu, stallin, yagoda mariyu itara pramukha communistlu, mariyu maura budberg, aayanatho kalisi usrku tirigi rakudadani enchukunnappatiki, ayana antyakriyala kosam undataaniki anumatinchabaddaaru.
1934 maeloe gorkey kumarudu maxim peshkov aakasmika maranam taruvaata juun 1936loe pneumoniatho maxim gorkey maraninchaadu. ayana marana paristhitulanu oohagaanaalu chalakalamga chuttumutty unnaayi. antyakriyala samayamlo gorkey yokka kalasaanni mosukellina vaarilo stallin mariyu molotov unnaaru. 1938loe bukharin vichaarana samayamlo (moodu masco vichaaranalalo okati), oka aaropana emitante, gorkeeni yagoda yokka enn. keey. vii. dii agentlu champaru.
soviet kaalamlo, athani maranaaniki mundu mariyu taruvaata, gorkey jeevitam mariyu drukpathamloni sanklishtatalu oka iconic imejgaa tagginchabaddaayi (veerochita chitraalu mariyu graameena praantaallooni vigrahalalo pratidhvaninchabaddaayi): gorkey saamaanya prajala nundi udbhavinchina goppa soviet rachayitagaa, bolshivikla nammakamaina snehitudigaa mariyu perugutunna praamaanika "saamyavaada vaastavikata" vyavasthapakudigaa.
ghnaapakaartham.
kharkivlo gorkey parkuku juun 2023loe central park off culture und recreation gaa paeru marcharu. juun 2023loe odesalo oka chaaritraka mariyu sthalanaama commission daani gorkey parkuku pillala kalala parkuga paeru maarchaalani pratipaadinchindi, dheeni meeda tudi nirnayam odessa city council oating dwara teesukobadindi.
smaaraka chihnalu.
aneka nagarallo maxim gorkey smaaraka chihnalu erpaatu cheyabaddaayi. vaatilo
6 december 2022naa ukrainian nagaramloni nagara mandali, russian samskruti mariyu charitraku chendina anni smaaraka chihnalanu nagaram nundi tolaginchaalani nirnayinchukundi, mukhyamgaa gorkey, alegzander pushkin mariyu mikhail lomonosov smaaraka chihnalanu nagaramloni bahiranga sthalam nundi tolagistaamani paerkonnaaru. 1977loe nirminchina gorkey smaaraka chihnam 26 december 2022naa koolchiveyabadindi.
fillately.
post stampulapai maxim gorki chitrikarinchabadindihi albania (1986), vietnam (1968) india (1968), maldieves (2018), inca anekam. vaatilo konni krinda chudavachu.
2018loe, rachayita 150va vaarshikotsavaaniki ankitam chesina oka chinna patraanni russian post vidudala chesindi.

