
saampradaaya paryaavarana parignaanam

saampradaaya paryaavarana parignaanam (tech) sthaanika vanarulapai swadeshi mariyu itara saampradaaya parignaanaanni vivaristundi. uttara america maanava saastramlo adhyayana rangamgaa, tech anedi "ghnaanam, nammakam mariyu abhyasam yokka sanchita samstha, tech yokka sekarana dwara abhivruddhi chendutundi mariyu saampradaaya paatalu, kathalu mariyu nammakaala dwara tarataraalugaa pampinhee cheyabadutundi. idhi jeevula (maanavulato sahaa) vaari saampradaaya samuuhaalatoe mariyu vaari paryaavaranamthoo unna sambandhaaniki sambandhinchinadi."swadeshi ghnaanam anedi vividha samajalalo saarvatrika bhavana kaadu, conny" "sthalam" "paie ekkuvagaa aadhaarapade ghnaana sampradaayaalu ledhaa abhyasala vyavasthanu suuchistumdi". takkuva namodu cheyabadina shaastreeya samacharam unna sandarbhaallo ledhaa paryaavarana nirvahana yokka paaschaatya shaastreeya paddhatulaku puurakamgaa unde sandarbhaallo praathamika paryaavarana samaachaaraaniki pratyamnaayamgaa sahaja vanarula nirvahanalo atuvanti ghnaanam upayoginchabadutundi.
paryaavarana nirvahana mariyu vignaana shaastra rangamlo tech yokka anuvartanam ippatikee vivadaspadamga undhi, endukante gnaanaanni pondadam mariyu sekarinche paddhatulu-tarachugaa anubhavika parisoedhana mariyu prayogaala roopaalatho sahaa-paaschaatya drukpatham nundi shaastreeya paryaavarana gnaanaanni srushtinchadaaniki mariyu dhruveekarinchadaaniki upayoginche vatiki bhinnamgaa untaayi. yuu vanti girijana prabhutvetara prabhutva samsthalu.ess. paryaavarana pranaalikalu mariyu vaataavarana maarpula paryaveekshanhaloo teknu chaerchadaaniki konni girijana prabhutvaalato ekikarana kaaryakramaalanu epa erpaatu chesindi.
saampradaaya ghnaanampai medho sampatti hakkunu sthaanika janabha kaligi unnara, eee gnaanaanni upayoginchadaaniki mundastu anumati mariyu licenses avasarama anae daanipai charcha jarugutondi. idhi mukhyamgaa sanklishtamainadi endukante tech tarachugaa moukhika sampradaayamgaa samrakshinchabadutundi mariyu anduvalla nishpaakshikamgaa dhruveekarinchabadina documentation undakapovachhu. anduvalla, paaschaatya avasaralanu teerchadaaniki documentation samasyanu parishkarinchagala adhe paddhatulu saampradaaya ghnaanam yokka swabhaavaanni raajeepadavachchu.
saampradaaya ghnaanam manugadaku avasaramaina vanarulanu nirvahinchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi. tech, mariyu moukhika sampradaayamtho mudipadi unna sanghaalu, vegavantamaina vaataavarana maarpu ledhaa paryaavarana ksheenata sandarbhamlo bedirimpulaku gurikaavacchu, paryaavarana vyavasthalo aaa maarpula prabhavalanu ardham chesukovadaniki tech keelakamgaa niroopinchabadutondi.
tech anedi paryaavaranam yokka vividha bhagalu mariyu paraspara charyalanu nokki cheppe saampradaaya paryaavarana gnaanaanni kooda suuchistumdi.
kshetra abhivruddhi.
tech yokka mottamodati kramabaddhamaina adhyayanalu maanava saastramlo nirvahinchabaddaayi. paryaavarana parignaanam jaathi paryaavarana shaastram yokka drushtikonam dwara adhyayanam cheyabadindi, "oka prajalu ledhaa samskruti kaligi unna paryaavarana sambandhaala bhaavanalapai drushti saarinche vidhanam", icchina samskruti dwara ghnaana vyavasthalu elaa abhivruddhi chendayo ardham chesukovadamlo. ethnoscience adhyayanaaniki maargadarsakatvam vahinchina american maanava shaastravetta harrold collier conclin, sahaja prapanchaanni ardham chesukovadaniki swadeshi maargaalanu document cheyadamlo mundadugu vaesaaru. philippean udyaanavanavettalu vanti saampradaaya prajalu, vaaru nivasinchina pradaesaala sahaja charitra gurinchi visaeshamaina mariyu anoohyamaina vivaranaatmaka gnaanaanni elaa pradarsinchaaro conclin mariyu itarulu namodu chesaaru. sthaanika mokkalu mariyu jantuvula nundi utpattulanu sekarinchadam, roopondinchadam mariyu upayoginchadamlo pratyaksha prameyam jeeva prapancham mariyu saamskrutika prapancham patishtamgaa mudipadi unna oka pathakaanni srushtinchindi. saamaajika samstha anedi daani sthaanika paryaavaranam, maanava-prakruti sambandhaalu mariyu eee sambandhaalu mariyu samskruti aadhaarapadina aacharanaatmaka paddhatulaku oka samuuham dwara paryaavarana anukuula pratispandana anie vaadinche anukuula prakriyala adhyayananni nokkicheppadamlo, tech rangam saamskrutika paryaavarana shaastram mariyu paryaavarana maanava saastraaniki sambandhinchina vistruta shreni prasnalanu vislaeshimchagaladu.
1980la madhya natiki saampradaaya paryaavarana parignaanampai perugutunna saahityam vibhina swadeshi prajala vadda unna paryaavarana parignaanam mariyu vaari paryaavarana sambandhaalu rendintinee namodu chesindi. eee samayamlo saampradaaya paryaavarana parignaanam yokka perugudala vanarula nirvahana paddhatulu mariyu sthiramaina abhivruddhilo daani sambhaavya anuvartanaala antarjaateeya gurtimpuku daariteesindi. paryaavaranam mariyu abhivruddhipai prapancha commission 1987 nivedika aaa samayamlo ekaabhipraayaanni pratibimbistumdi. 20va sataabdapu vijayalu (shishu maranaala taggudala, ayurdayam perugudala, aksharaasyata perugudala mariyu prapancha aahara utpatti) paryaavarana kshayam kaliginchina dhoranulaku daariteesaayani nivedika etthi choopindi."ayithe, saampradaaya jeevanasailiki aasha undedi. sanklishtamaina atavee, parvata mariyu podi naela paryaavarana vyavasthalalo vanarula nirvahanalo aadhunika samaajaalaku paataalu neerpagala jeevanasaili girijana mariyu swadeshi prajalaku undani nivedika prakatinchindi.
vignaana shaastram nundi thedaalu.
italian national research council yokka institute off atmospheric pollution yokka fulvio majochi shaastreeya ghnaanam nundi saampradaaya gnaanaanni eee krindi vidhamgaa viruddhamgaa chooputundih
saampradaaya paryaavarana parignaanam yokka amsaalu.
saampradaaya paryaavarana ghnaanam yokka amsaalu daanini elaa upayoginchaalo mariyu ardham chesukovalo vividha rakalanu andistaayi. ivi vividha koonaala nundi elaa upayoginchabadutunnayani mariyu avi elaa parasparam anusandhaaninchabadi unnayanedaniki manchi suuchikalu, ivi rendu aalochanaa vidhaanaalanu mariyu gnaanaanni okadaanitoe okati teesukuraavadaaniki prayatnistunnappudu vyatyaasam mariyu kalayika yokka praantaalanu baga gurtinchadaaniki sahakaara nirvahanaku marinta praadhaanyatanistaayi."
vaastava pariseelanalu.
houd saampradaaya paryaavarana ghnaanam yokka aaru mukhalanu gurtistaadu. saampradaaya paryaavarana ghnaanam yokka modati amsam paryaavaranam yokka vivikta bhagala gurtimpu, paeru pettadam mariyu vargeekarana dwara utpannamayye vaastavika, nirdishta pariseelanalanu kaligi untundi. eee amsam jaatulu mariyu vaati parisara paryaavaranamthoo paraspara sambandhaanni ardham chesukovadam gurinchi. idhi jantuvula amsaalu mariyu vaati pravartana, mariyu aavasalu, mariyu jaatula bhouthika lakshanaalu mariyu janthu samruddhini nokki cheppe anubhavika pariseelanalu mariyu samacharam rendinti samiti kooda. idhi pramaada anchanaa mariyu nirvahanaku chaalaa upayogakaramgaa untundi, idhi vanarula nirvahananu prabhaavitam cheyadaaniki deshaalaku avakaasaanni andistundi. ayithe, oka desham charya teesukokapothe, aaa rashtram thana sonta prayojanaala kosam vyavaharinchavacchu. eee rakamaina "anubhavika ghnaanam" anedi sudeergha kaalamlo nirvahinchina mariyu itara tech holderla khaataala dwara balopetam cheyabadina saadhaaraneekarinchina pariseelanala samitini kaligi untundi."
nirvahana vyavasthalu.
rendava mukham nirvahana vyavasthalaku sambandhinchi vanarula naitika mariyu sthiramaina viniyogaanni suuchistumdi. vanarula parirakshananu nirdhaarinchadaaniki vyuuhaatmaka pranaalika dwara idhi saadhinchabadutundi. marinta pratyaekamgaa eee mukhamlo tegulla nirvahana, vanarula marpidi, bahula panta namuunaalu mariyu vanarula sthithini anchanaa vese paddhatulu untaayi. idhi vanarula nirvahana mariyu sthaanika vaataavaranaalaku elaa anugunamgaa untundane daanipai kooda drushti pedutundi.
gatha mariyu prastuta upayogaalu.
moodava mukham tech yokka samaya parimaanaanni suuchistumdi, bhuu viniyogam, sthaavaram, occupancy mariyu panta sthaayilu vanti moukhika charitra dwara prasaram cheyabadina paryaavaranam yokka gatha mariyu prastuta upayogaalapai drushti pedutundi. mukhyamgaa aushadha mokkalu mariyu chaaritraka pradaesaalu chaalaa aandolana kaliginchevi. saamskrutika vaarasatvaanni tarataraalaku prasaram cheyadaaniki moukhika charitra upayoginchabadutundi, idhi kutumbam mariyu samaja bhavanaku dohadam chestundi.
naitikata mariyu viluvalu.
nalgava mukham viluva prakatanalu mariyu vishwaasa vyavastha mariyu vaastavaala samstha madhya sambandhaalanu suuchistumdi. tech vishayaniki vasthe, idhi dopidi saamardhyaalanu adupulo unche paryaavarana naitikatanu suuchistumdi. eee mukham jaatula aavasalu mariyu vaati parisara paryaavaranam-maanava-sambandha vaataavaranamtho sambandhaaniki sambandhinchina viluvala vyakteekarananu kooda suuchistumdi.
samskruti mariyu gurtimpu.
aidava mukham bhasha yokka paatranu mariyu samskrutiki praanam pose gatha chitraalanu suuchistumdi. aadimavaasulu (asalu nivaasulu) mariyu vaari paryaavaranam madhya sambandham vaarini nirvachinche saamskrutika bhaagaalanu konasaaginchadaaniki chaalaa mukhyam. eee mukham aadima samskrutulu mariyu gurtimpula manugada, punarutpatti mariyu parinaamaaniki dohadapade pradaesaalaloo nivasinche kathalu, viluvalu mariyu saamaajika sambandhaalanu pratibimbistumdi. idhi "punaruddharanaku pradaesaalugaa saamskrutika prakruti drushyaala punaruddharana prayojanaalanu" kooda nokki chebutundi."
vishwodbhava shaastram.
aarava mukham saamskrutikamgaa aadhaarita vishwodbhava shaastram, idhi itara amsaalaku punaadi. vishwodbhava shaastram anedi aneka samskrutulaku prapancham elaa panichestundane bhavana. idhi oka samskruti nundi maroka samskrutiki chaalaa bhinnamgaa untundi. yuu loe.udaaharanaku, samakhya gurtimpu pondina 577 kii paiga tegalu tama sonta samskruti, bhashalu mariyu vishwaasa vyavasthatho unnaayi. eee tegalalo chaalaa mandhi tamanu taamu bhoomitho anusandhaaninchabadi unnatlu ardham chesukuntaru. vishwodbhava shaastram' anae padam vishayalu elaa panichestaayane daani gurinchi anchanaalu mariyu nammakalaku sambandhinchinadi, mariyu vishayalu anusandhaaninchabadina vidhananni vivaristundi mariyu maanava-janthu sambandhaalanu mariyu prapanchamlo maanavula paatranu niyantrinche suutraalanu istundi. maanavasaastra drukpatham nundi, vishwodbhava shaastram maanava-janthu sambandhaanni ardham chesukovadaniki prayatnistundi mariyu ivi saamaajika sambandhaalu, samaja sabhyula patla baadhyatalu mariyu nirvahana paddhatulanu elaa neerugaa prabhaavitam chestaayi.
sthaanika maanava shaastravetta ayina angayukak oskaar kawagli rachinchina "eupiac varald view eah pathway tuu ecology und spirit" loe, "prakruti samatulyata ledhaa paryaavarana drukpatham, yupiyaku atyanta praamukhyata kaligi undhi" anie chepparu. prapanchamlooni vividha jaatula charitra mariyu puraavastu parisoedhanalu prajalandarilo oka saadhaarana taatvika ledhaa paryaavarana daaraanni suuchistunnatlu anipistundi, mariyu eee spashtamaina anusandhanam viswamlooni anni vishayaala paraspara anusandhaana bhavanaku daariteestundi. aadhunika chorabatla dwara paryaavarana drukpatham balaheenapadinappatiki, eupiac prajalu eee prapancha drukpathaaniki pratipaadakulu, inca unnaaru."kawagli eupiac prapancha drukpathamlo tech gurinchi marinta vivaristuu," eupiac vyakti yokka paddhatulalo pariseelana, anubhavam, saamaajika paraspara charya mariyu sahaja mariyu aadhyaatmika prapanchaala sambhaashanhalu mariyu vichaaranalanu manassutho vinadam unnaayi. aaa vyakti ellappuduu palgone-pariseelakudu."
paryaavarana vyavastha nirvahana.
paryaavarana vyavastha nirvahana anedi sahaja vanarula nirvahanaku bahumukha mariyu samagra vidhanam. idhi sains cheyaleni deerghakaalika charyala nundi daetaanu sekarinchadaaniki sains mariyu saampradaaya paryaavarana ghnaanam rendintinee kaligi untundi. prastuta mariyu bhavishyat taraala saamaajika, aardhika, raajakeeya mariyu saamskrutika avasaralanu teerchadam dwara ekaabhipraaya nirnayam teesukune prakriya dwara swadeshi prajalatho sahakarinche saastravettalu mariyu parisoedhakulu dheenini saadhistaaru. swadeshi ghnaanam sanklishtatanu edurkovataniki oka marganni abhivruddhi chesindi, ayithe paaschaatya shaastram saanketikatalu mariyu saadhanaalanu kaligi undhi. idhi rendu vaipula mariyu paryaavaranaaniki merugaina phalitaanni srushtinche manchi sambandham. kalisi panicheyadam valla kalige pramaadaalu emitante, deshaalu nyayamga ledhaa assalu prayojanam pondavu. anekasaarlu sammati (saamskrutika ketayimpu), angeekaaram ledhaa pariharam lekunda desham velupala swadeshi gnaanaanni upayoginchaaru. swadeshi ghnaanam paryaavaranaanni nilabettagaladu, ayinappatikee adhi pavitra ghnaanam kaavacchu.
paryaavarana punaruddharana.
paryaavarana punaruddharana anedi maanava jokyam dwara ksheeninchina paryaavarana vyavasthanu punaruddharinche paddhati. tektho kuudina paryaavarana punaruddharana mariyu paryaavarana vyavastha nirvahana paddhatula madhya aneka sambandhaalu unnaayi, ayithe tech paryaavarana vyavastha nirvahana eee pradaesamtoe chaaritraka sambandham dwara chaalaa lothugaa untundi. sthaanika mariyu swadesheeyetara prajala madhya paina perkonna asamaana shakti kaaranamgaa, saamaajika anyayalanu punaruddharinchadaaniki bhagaswamyalu samanamga undatam chaalaa mukhyam mariyu sthaanika prajalu paryaavarana punaruddharana prajectulaku naayakatvam vahinchinappudu idhi vijayavantamaindi.
saampradaaya ghnaanampai paryaavarana ksheenata yokka prabhavalu.
konni praantaalalo, paryaavarana ksheenata saampradaaya paryaavarana parignaanam ksheeninchadaaniki daariteesindi. udaaharanaku, anishnabe fust nations yokka amjivanang communitylo, kenadaaloni sarnia, antario, nivaasitulu "purusha janana nishpattilo gurtinchadagina taggudalatoe baadhapadutunnaaru...nivaasitulu petrochemical plantlaku sameepamlo undatam dheeniki kaaranam ":
vaataavarana maarpu.
saampradaaya paryaavarana parignaanam tarataraalugaa vaataavarana maarpula gurinchi mariyu eee praantamlooni vaastava nivaasitula bhougolikam gurinchi samacharanni andistundi. saampradaaya paryaavarana ghnaanam aarogyam mariyu paryaavarana paraspara charyala gurinchi samacharanni nokki chebutundi mariyu adhi teesukuvelle samaachaaraaniki kendramgaa chestundi. vaataavarana maarpu sthaanika prajala gurtimpu mariyu vaari jeevana vidhaanamlo saampradaaya paryaavarana parignaanaanni prabhaavitam chestundi. saampradaaya ghnaanam tarataraalugaa badilee cheyabadi netikee konasagutondi. sthaanika prajalu tama jeevanopaadhi kosam eee sampradaayaalapai aadhaarapadataaru. aneka pantakota seasonlalo, vaataavarana maarpula prabhaavaala kaaranamgaa sthaanika prajalu nelala kritam tama karyakalapalanu marchukunnaru.
perugutunna ushnograta paryaavarana vyavasthalaku muppuga undhi endukante idhi konni chetlu mariyu mokkala jaatula jeevanopaadhiki haani kaligistundi. ushnogratalu peragadam mariyu avapaata sthaayilalo maarpu kalayika mokkala perugudala sthaanaalanu prabhaavitam chestundi.
vedekkadam keetakaalu mariyu jantuvulanu kooda prabhaavitam chestundi. ushnogratalo maarpu anedi edaadi podavunaa keetakaalu udbhavinche kaalam nundi kaalaanuguna maarpula samayamlo jantuvula aavasalalo maarpula varaku aneka amsaalanu prabhaavitam chestundi.
ushnograta perige koddi, adavi mantalu ekkuvayye avakaasam undhi. australialoni oka swadeshi deshaaniki iteevala bhoomini tirigi ivvabadindi mariyu niyantrita dahanam yokka vaari saampradaaya paddhatini punaruddharistunnaaru. dheeni phalitamgaa jeevavaividhyam perigindi mariyu adavi mantala teevrata taggindi.
paryaavaranam yokka vividha amsaalu prabhaavitam kaavadame kakunda, paryaavarana vyavastha yokka aarogyam vaataavarana maarpula dwara prabhaavitamavutundi, anduvalla sthaanika prajalaku andubaatulo unna paryaavarana vanarulu andubaatulo unna mottamlo mariyu vanarula naanhyathalo maaravacchu.
samudrapu manchu sthaayilu taggutunna koddi, alaska sthaanika prajalu vaari rojuvaaree jeevitamlo maarpulanu anubhavistaaru; chepalu pattadam, ravana, vaari jeevitamlooni saamaajika mariyu aardhika amsaalu marinta asurakshitamgaa marutayi. mattini defrast cheyadam valla bhavanalu, rahadaarulaku nashtam vaatillindi. swachchamaina neeti vanarulu ksheeninchadamto neeti kalushyam marinta teevramavutundi.
vaataavarana maarpulu sthaanika prajala rojuvaaree jeevitaalanu aneka sthaayilalo debbateestaayi. vaataavarana maarpu mariyu sthaanika prajalu bhougolika praantaanni batti vibhina sambandhaanni kaligi untaaru, dheeniki vibhina anusarana mariyu upasamana charyalu avasaram. udaaharanaku, eee paristhitulanu ventane edurkovataniki, sthaanika prajalu taamu panta kosinappudu mariyu vaaru emi pandistunnaro sardubaatu chestaaru mariyu vaari vanarula viniyogaanni kooda sardubaatu chestaaru. vaataavarana maarpu saampradaaya paryaavarana parignaanam yokka samacharam yokka khachitatvanni maarchagaladu. sthaanika prajalu karyakalapalanu pranaalika cheyadaaniki mariyu swalpakaalika vaataavarana anchanaala kosam kooda prakrutilooni suuchikalapai lothugaa aadharapaddaru. marinta perugutunna ananukoola paristhitula phalitamgaa, sthaanika prajalu manugadaku itara maargaalanu kanugonadaaniki valasa vastaaru. phalitamgaa, vaaru okappudu nivasinchina bhuumulatoe saamskrutika sambandhaalu kolpotaru mariyu akkadi bhoomitho vaariki unna saampradaaya paryaavarana parignaanam kooda kolpotaru. vaataavarana maarpula anusaranalu sarigga nirminchabadavu ledhaa amalu cheyabadavu, ivi sthaanika prajala hakkulaku haani kaligistaayi.
vaataavarana maarpulaku anugunamgaa pranaalika roopondinchadamlo saampradaaya paryaavarana parignaanaanni parigananaloki teesukuntamani epa perkondi. united states department off agriculture yokka jaateeya vanarula parirakshana seva vaataavarana maarpula paristhitulanu edurkovataniki sthaanika prajala paddhatulanu upayoginchindi.
cases studdy saavungaa mariyu shaktulik, alaska.
oka adhyayanamlo, alaskaloni saavungaa mariyu shaktulik graamastulu tama jeevitamlooni gatha iravai samvatsaraalalo, vaataavaranaanni anchanaa veyadam chaalaa kashtamgaa maarindani, challani kaalam taggipoyindani, pantakota kosam andubaatulo unna mokkala parimaanaanni anchanaa veyadamlo ekkuva kashtam undani, janthu valasalalo thedaalu unnayani, munupati kante kotta jaatula veekshanhalu ekkuvagaa unnayani, vaeta mariyu sekarana karyakalapalu antagaa oohinchalenivi kaavu ledhaa alaa cheyadaaniki marinta parimita labhyata kaaranamgaa tarachugaa jaragavu anie nivedinchaaru. nivaasitulu tama vaataavaranamloo gamaninchadagga maarpunu chuusaaru, idhi vaari jeevanopaadhini kooda prabhaavitam chesindi. mokkalu mariyu jantuvulu vaati labhyatatho antha sthiramgaa undavu, idhi nivaasitula vaeta mariyu sekarananu prabhaavitam chestundi endukante vetaadataaniki ledhaa sekarinchadaaniki antagaa ledhu. kotta jaatula mokkalu mariyu jantuvula roopaanni kooda bhouthika mariyu poeshaka bhadrataku sambandhinchina aandolanagaa pariganistaaru, endukante avi saampradayakamgaa bhoomilo bhaagam kaavu.
girijana udaaharanalu.
karuk mariyu eurok mandutunnaayi.
paryaavarana saamaajika shaastravetta kirsten vinaita mariyu girijana vaataavarana maarpula parisoedhakudu kaathee linn prakaram, "californialoni karuk tega uttara californialoni clamath mariyu salmon nadula madhya maargam venta aadima bhoomini aakraminchindi. tega yokka aadima bhoobhaagamlo clamath nadhee pareevaahaka praantamloo sumaru 13.8 laksala ekaraalu unnaayi. praacheena kaalam nundi saampradaaya dahana paddhatulu karukulaku keelakamgaa unnaayi. tegaku, agni oka keelakamaina bhuu nirvahana saadhanamgaa alaage aadhyaatmika sadhanaga panichestundi."paryaavarana adhyayanala professor toney marks-block, paryaavarana parisoedhakudu fraank keey. sarassu mariyu ushnamandala ataveepraantam lisa emm. karran, "vistrutamaina agni minahaayimpu vidhaanaalaku mundu, american bhaaratheeyulu tama jeevanopaadhi mariyu saamskrutika paddhatulaku samagramaina vanarulanu penchadaaniki takkuva mantalu ledhaa saamskrutika kaalina gayalanu prasaram chesevaaru. dasabdalapatu agni minahaayimpu kaaranamgaa ksheeninchina paryaavarana saamskrutika vanarulanu punaruddharinchadaaniki mariyu adavi mantala pramaadaalanu tagginchadaaniki, vaayuvya californialoni karuk mariyu eurok tegalu tama puurveekula bhuubhaagaallooni prabhutva, private mariyu girijana bhoomulapai prasaara mantalu mariyu indhana taggimpu chikitsalanu vistarinchadaaniki praantiiya sahakaara prayatnaalaku naayakatvam vahistunnaayi."
toney marks-block, fraank keey. sarassu mariyu lisa emm. karran kooda ilaa paerkonnaadu, "karak bhoobhaagamlo, samakhya prabhutvam reservationnu erpaatu cheyaledu, kevalam 3.83 chadarapu kilometres karak trust bhoomulanu vaari puurveekula bhoobhaagamlo vadilivesindi, migilinavi ekkuvagaa clamath mariyu aaru nadula jaateeya adavulu mariyu chellacheduruga unna private nivaasa sthalaala paridhiloki vachayi. phalitamgaa, karuk girijana sabhyulu mariyu nirvahana samsthalu tama puurveekula bhoobhaagamlo yuu. ess. dii. eah. atavee seva daavaalanu navigate cheyali mariyu private bhuswamula samuparjana dwara tama bhuu sthaavaraanni vistarinchadaaniki parimita empikalu undaali. eurok bhoobhaagamlo, federal prabhutvam erpaatu chesina reservation velupala redwood national park mariyu aaru nadula jaateeya adavulatho sahaa bahula ativyaapti chendutunna adhikara paridhulu sambhavistaayi. eee reservation private kalapa company yajamanyamlo undhi. tatphalitamgaa, eurok tega tama puurveekula bhoobhaagamlo bahula natulatho samanvayam ledhaa sambhaashinchaali, conny prastutam vaariki karuk tega kante private aastulanu pondadaaniki ekkuva empikalu unnaayi."saamaajika shaastra professor kaarii norgard mariyu karuk tega sabhyudu vilium trip prakaram," eee prakriyanu paschima clamath parvataalu mariyu antaku minchina itara samaajaalaku punaraavrutam cheyavachu mariyu vistarinchavacchu. padepade mantalu chelaregina hoopa mariyu eurok tanok standlu kalakramena vyaadhiki marinta sthithisthaapakamgaa undevi. konni parisoedhanalu adavi mantalu sambhavinchina ventane vyaadhi sambhavinche naatakeeya vyatyaasaalanu suuchistunnaayi (adhe praantamloo kaalipoyina mariyu kaalani sthalaalalo 72 retlu takkuva kanipinche avakaasam undhi), ayinappatikee idhi padepade mantalu lenappudu kramamga kolukuntundani choopabadindi, endukante vyaadhi agni valla maraninchani atidheyulalo manugada saaginchagaladu."
anishinabe paryaavarana parirakshana.
rachayitalu baabii kalman mariyu nikki walker prakaram, "vaelaadi samvatsaraalugaa eee goppa sarassula praantamloo sthaanika ledhaa sthaanika prajalu nivasistunnaaru. anishinabe (anishinabe) desham yokka prajalu paschima goppa sarassula praantamlooni bhoobhagalalo nivasinchaaru. moukhika sampradaayam prakaram, anishinabe prajalu okappudu atlantic mahasamudram ledhaa hudson bay ayina bhaarii uppuneeti samudaayamlo nivasinchaaru. prajalu lothattu praantaalaku prayaanistae, neetipai aaharam perige pradaesaanni kanugontaarani oka pravachanam ledhaa anchanaa andukunnaru. kondaru paschima goppa sarassulaku maarganirdesam chesina megis ledhaa courie shell yokka darsanaanni anusarinchi paschimaaniki vellaaru. prajalu samuhaluga vidipoyi, kalisi anishinabe deshaanni roopondinchina vividha pradaesaalaloo sthirapaddaaru. paschima goppa sarassula praantamlooni odaavaa (ottava) mariyu potavatomi anae rendu itara deshaalatho anishinaabeku pratyekinchi sannihita sambandham undhi. eee moodu deshaala prajalu tarachugaa okarinokaru vivaham chesukuni, vastuvulanu vartakam chesi, vivaadaalanu parishkarinchadaaniki kalisi panicheesaaru. vaaru councilslo kooda samavesamayyaru, akkada vaaru kalisi nirnayaalu teesukunnaru."
sthaanika tatwavetta mariyu vaataavarana/paryaavarana nyaya panditudu kail pavis white prakaram, "goppa sarassula praantam antataa anishinabe prajalu sthaanika jaatula parirakshana mariyu paryaavarana punaruddharanalo mundanjalo unnaaru. nme anedi goppa sarassula pareevaahaka praantamloo nivasinche atipedda mariyu puraatana chepa, konnisaarlu 100 samvatsaraala kante ekkuva vayassu untundi. nme asinishinabe prajalaku gananeeyamaina aahara vanarugaa, paryaavaranaanni paryaveekshinchadaaniki suuchika jaatigaa, vedukalu, kathalalo paatra poeshinchae latchlon gurtimputoe panichesindi. kennie pheasant anae oka pedda ilaa antaadu, "sturgeon ksheenata anedi sturgeon vamsa kutumbaala ksheenataku anugunamgaa undhi. ikkada konni sturgian vamsa kutumbaalu matrame telusu "(chinna river byaand). ottava bhaaratheeyula sahaja vanarula vibhagam vividha rakaala girijana sabhyulu mariyu jeevasaastravettalatho kuudina saamskrutika sandarbha samuuhaanni praarambhinchindi, idhi punaruddharana kosam lakshyalu mariyu lakshyalanu abhivruddhi chesindi. nme mariyu anishinabe prajala madhya samarasyanni mariyu anusandhananni punaruddharinchadam mariyu vaariddarinii tirigi nadiki teesukuraavadam" lakshyam. chivariki, vaari janyu tallidandrulanu kaapaadataaniki prati patanam mundu yuva sturgeonu vidudala cheyadaaniki rakshana kosam vibhagam modati streamside pempakam sadupaayaanni srushtinchindi. adavi vari ledhaa manumin, nissaaramaina, spashtamaina mariyu nemmadigaa kadile jalamargalalo perugutundi mariyu saradrutuvu praarambhamlo pandinchavacchu. panta kosina taruvaata, endabettadam, parching, halling, winnoying mariyu subhraparachadam vanti karyakalapala dwara manumin proses cheyabadutundi. aneeshinabe thoorpu nundi valasa vacchi, vaaru neetipai pantalanu pandinchagala goppa sarassula praantaaniki cherukunna taruvaata, mana porugu samuuhaalu mariyu kenadian pourulu mariyu companylu maining, aanakattalu, vaanijya vyavasayam mariyu vinoda boating vanti karyakalapalalo nimagnamai unnaayi. eee karyakalapalu neerugaa manumin mariyu daani aavasalanu prabhaavitam chestaayi. nedu anishinabe prajalu adavi vari samrakshanhalo nayakulu. prati rendu samvatsaraalaku okasari jarige nibi (neeru) mariyu manumin symposium, goppa sarassulalo girijana vari kaapari, swadeshi panditulu, vari vari raitulu, maining companylu mariyu rashtra samsthala pratinidhulu mariyu vari janyu maarpupai aasakti unna vishwavidyaalaya parisoedhakulanu teesukuvastundi. peddalu manumin gurinchi tama kathalanu panchukuntaaru mariyu yuvata manumin vaari bhavishyattuku elaa saripotundane daanipai vaari drukpathaanni panchukuntaaru. tama tegalalo saastravettalugaa panichestunna swadeshi vyaktulu, manumin adhyayanam mariyu parirakshana kosam vaaru chese pani yokka lothaina chaaritraka chikkulanu ardham chesukovadaniki peddalatho kalisi panichesina anubhavalanu panchukuntaaru. itara sthaanika prajalu tarachugaa thaaro mariyu mokkajonna vanti itara sthaanika jaatulanu punaruddharinchadam mariyu parirakshinchadam vanti vaari anubhavalanu panchukoovadaaniki aahvaaninchabadataaru."
lummi nation off washington state conservation off sadaran resident killer wales.
paryaavarana panditulu paal gernsey, kail keylor mariyu lummi sabhyudu geremia juuliyas prakaram, "lummi nation off washington state anedi saleesh samudramloni sthaanika american tega. 2018loe, lummi desham tama bandhuvu "lolita" (oka dakshinaadi nivasi killer whale) nuu thana sonta jalaalloki tirigi raavaalani pilupunistuu united states antataa totem pole prayaanaaniki tananu taanu ankitam chesukundi. saleesh bhaashalo, killer timingalaalanu queve 'laal mechen anie pilustaaru, antey' alala krinda mana sambandhaalu ', conny lummi anedi saadhaarana paddhatiloo timingalaalaku' sambandhinchinavi 'matrame kaadu, timingalaalu anae ardhamlo avi bandhuvulu anae ardham thoo oka sambandham. 2005loe nova mottamodata dakshinaadi nivaasa killer vaelnu antarinchipothunna pratyeka janabha vibhagam (dps) gaa perkonnappudu, vaaru kutumba sabhyudiga "lolita" nuu chattabaddhamgaa tolaginchaaru. eee nirnayam ilaa undhi, "dakshinaadi nivasi killer whale dps loe zhe, keey ledhaa ell paad nundi killer timingalaalu jabita cheyadaaniki mundu cheralo unchabadavu, ledhaa vaari bandeegaa janminchina santaanam kooda indulo cherchabadavu" (nova, 2005). puget sabdam yokka chinook parugulu vaatini nilabette varaku timingalaalaku aaharam ivvadamlo sahakarinchamani lummi novanu adugutunnaru. lummeelu tama bandhuvulaku aachaarabaddhamaina aaharaanni andinchadam praarambhinchaaru, conny pedda ettuna prayatnaalaku samakhya anumati mariyu bhagaswamyam avasaramani nova vaariki chebutundi. taginanta parimaanamlo, naanhyathatho mariyu vaeta jaatula labhyata' nirdhaarinchadam samstha yokka parirakshana lakshyaalalo okati ayinappatikee, nova eee vidhananni khachitamgaa aavasa samasyaga ardham chesukuntundi. taginanta dayta' ledhaa anischiti kaaranamgaa ippudu aatmasantrupti chendadaaniki samayam kaadani vaaru spashtam chesaaru. lummeelu tama pedda thobuttuvulanu, block fishnu rakshinchadaaniki mariyu boggu, chamuru mariyu itara bedirimpulanu salish samudram nundi dhooramgaa unchadaaniki vaari vaarshika totem pole prayaanaanni konasaagistaaru. eee vaidyam paddhatulu maria pasupu gurram dhairya hrudayam mariyu lemira emm gurinchi vivarinchadaaniki roopondinchabaddaayi. chaaritrakamgaa parishkarinchani dukkham" anie debruin pilicharu."
tech mariyu prabhutva samsthalu.
aikyaraajyasamiti vedikalu.
paryaavaranam mariyu abhivruddhipai aikyaraajyasamiti samavesamlo santakam chesina 1992 reo declaration saampradaaya paryaavarana ghnaanam gurinchi saanukuula drukpathaanni vyaktam chestundi.
yuu.ess. paryaavarana parirakshana samstha.
yuu.ess. girijana prabhutvaalato elaa sahakaristundo vivarinche adhikaarika vidhaanaalanu abhivruddhi chesina modati samakhya samsthalalo paryaavarana parirakshana samstha okati, alaage maanava aarogyam mariyu paryaavaranaanni parirakshinchadaaniki daani kaaryakramaalanu amalu cheyadamlo girijana prayojanaalanu gurtistundi."paryaavaranamthoo girijana prajala sambandhaanni gurtinchadamlo, agency yokka paryaavarana shaastram, vidhanam mariyu nirnayaatmaka prakriyalalo saampradaaya paryaavarana parignaanaanni ekikrutam chese paryaavarana kaaryakramaalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki epa prayatninchindi."
tech prastutam pradhana sravanti paryaavarana nirnayam teesukovadamlo mukhyamaina bhaagamgaa gurtinchabadanappatiki, saastravettalu tech thoo samalekhanam chese mariyu swayam samruddhi mariyu sankalpaanni prothsahinche pradhana vignaana saamarthya kaaryakramaalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki krushi chestunnaru. paryaavarana samasyalaku parishkaralanu nirnayinchadamlo saampradaaya paryaavarana parignaanaaniki gurtimpu lekapovadam anedi saampradaaya namuunaala kante vignaana saastraanni viluvainadigaa bhaavinche jaathi kendrikruta dhoraniki praatinidhyam vahistundi. anduvalla, sains mariyu tech rendinti prayojanaalanu puurtigaa upayoginchukovadaaniki sains mariyu teknu ekikrutam chese agencylu pratyaekamaina bodhanaa paddhatula viluvalanu gurtinchaali. udaaharanaku, us agencylu swadeshi peddalatho kalisi panicheyadam dwara, prasnalooni nirdishta pradaesam nundi pratyaksha daetaanu sekarinchadam dwara mariyu vaari shaastreeya moolyaankanamlo swadeshi viluvalanu cherchadam dwara desheeya samuuhaala drushtikonam dwara tech gurinchi telusukovali.
2000 navambarulo, yuu.ess. adhyakshudu bill clinton 13175 karyanirvahaka uttarvu jaarii chesaaru, dheenilo girijana prabhavalanu kaligi unde vidhaanaala abhivruddhilo samakhya vibhagalu mariyu agencylu bhaarata girijana prabhutvaalato sampradinchaalsina avasaram undhi. girijana prabhavalanu epa nirvachinchindi, "okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva bharatiya tegalapai, samakhya prabhutvam mariyu bhaarata tegala madhya sambandhaalapai ledhaa samakhya prabhutvam mariyu bhaarata tegala madhya adhikaram mariyu baadhyatala pampineepai gananeeyamaina pratyaksha prabhavalanu kaligi untundi."yuu yokka federal agencyga.ess. prabhutvam, sampradimpula prakriya kosam pramaanaala samitini erpaatu cheyalsina avasaram undhi. daani prarambha pratispandanagaa, agency charyalu teesukune ledhaa tegalanu prabhaavitam chese nirnayaalanu amalu chese mundu agency mariyu girijana adhikaarula madhya ardhavantamaina communication mariyu samanvayaanni anumatinche pramaanaala samitini agency abhivruddhi chesindi. sampradimpula prakriya yokka sthirathvam mariyu samanvayaanni prothsahinchadaaniki pramaanaalu epa sampradimpula parichayaalanu kooda niyaminchaayi mariyu javaabudaareetanam mariyu paaradarsakatanu nirdhaarinchadaaniki nirvahana paryaveekshanha mariyu nivedikalanu erpaatu chesaayi.
sampradimpula yokka oka roopam ii. pii. eah. girijana mandalulu. 2000loe, epa yokka parisoedhana mariyu abhivruddhi karyalayam epa girijana vignaana mandalini erpaatu chesindi. desavyaaptamgaa tegala pratinidhulatho kuudina eee mandali, ii. pii. eah. yokka vignaana prayatnaalalo girijanula prameyam kosam oka nirmaanaanni andinchadaaniki uddesinchabadindi, mariyu ii. pii. eah. jaateeya sthaayilo tegalaku atyadhika praadhaanyata unna shaastreeya samasyalapai avagahana pondadaaniki oka vahanamga upayogapadutundi. eee praadhaanyata samasyalanu eepaa-wide groupuku penchadam dwara eepaa yokka shaastreeya agendaanu prabhaavitam cheyadaaniki eee council tegalaku avakaasaanni andistundi.
apa girijana vignaana mandali prarambha samavesamlo girijana sabhyulaku praamukhyata kaliginadi girijana saampradaaya jeevana vidhanalu mariyu paaschaatya vignaana saastramlo antarleena thedaalu. eee jeevana vidhanalalo "paryaavaranaaniki aadhyaatmika, bhavodvega, saareeraka mariyu manasika sambandhaalu; antargata, kolavaleni viluvalapai aadhaarapadina sambandhaalu"; mariyu bhoomi yokka vanarulu maanava manugadaku avasaramaina pratidaanni andistaayane avagahana unnaayi.
ayithe, eepaa yokka girijana vignaana mandali, rendu samuuhaalu "paryaavarana parirakshanaku dohadapade samacharanni panchukogala" samavesa pradaesamgaa panicheyadaaniki uddesinchabadindi, yea samskruti kooda daani gurtimpunu vadulukoledu."ttlnu rakshinche prayatnamlo council vichaaranaku oka klishtamaina praantamgaa longipovadaanni gurtinchindi. epa-tribal sains council jeevanaadhaaraanni ilaa nirvachinchindih "prajalu mariyu vaari parisara paryaavaranam madhya sambandhaalu, oka jeevana vidhanam. jeevanopaadhi anedi bhoomiki antargata aadhyaatmika sambandhaanni kaligi untundi, mariyu bhoomi yokka vanarulu maanava manugadaku avasaramaina pratidaanni andistaayane avagahananu kaligi untundi. bhoomi yokka praathamika vanarula nundi jeevinche prajalu aaa vanarulatho anusandhaaninchabadi, jeevita vruttamlo nivasistunnaaru. jeevanaadhaaram antey raboye taraala prayojanakaramaina upayogam kosam bhoomi yokka vanarula samagratanu nirdhaarinche vidhamgaa jeevinchadam."endukante ttl ledhaa tech anedi oka pradaesaaniki pratyekamainadi mariyu mokkalu mariyu jantuvula madhya sambandhaalanu mariyu paryaavaranaaniki jeevula sambandhaanni kaligi untundi, pradhaanyatagaa longipovadaanni angeekarinchadam ttl yokka ghnaanam mariyu paddhatulanu rakshinchadaaniki anumatistundi. udaaharanaku, jeevanaadhaaraaniki sambandhinchi vaari charchalo bhaagamgaa, vanarula kalushyanni "eee samayamlo atyanta klishtamaina girijana vignaana samasya" gaa gurtinchadaaniki council angeekarinchindi."endukante jeevanopaadhi jeevanasaili kaligina girijana prajalu vyavasayam, vaeta vanti saampradaaya paddhatula kosam paryaavaranampai aadhaarapadataaru. chepalu pattadam, atavee, mandulu, vedukalu, kalushitaalu girijana prajalanu asamanamga prabhaavitam chestaayi mariyu vaari ttlnu pramaadamloo padestaayi. epa council paerkonnatlugaa, "girijana jeevanaadhaara viniyoga raetlu saadhaaranamgaa saadhaarana janabha kante chaalaa retlu ekkuvagaa untaayi, idhi vanarula kalushyam yokka pratyaksha prabhavanni marinta takshana aandolanagaa chestundi."sthaanika prajalu kalankita vanarulatho pooraadutunnanduna, daani prabhavalanu parisoedhinchadamloo council purogati saadhinchindi.
ituvanti prayatnaalu chesinappatiki, epa-tribal sains councillo purogatiki ippatikee addamkulu unnaayi. udaaharanaku, oka addanki ttl yokka swabhaavam. girijana saampradaaya jeevana vidhanalu noti dwara, vyakti nundi vyaktiki, taraaniki taraaniki badilee cheyabadataayi, ayithe paaschaatya shaastram vidya mariyu aksharaasyata prasaram dwara teliyajeyabade vraatapuurvaka padampai aadhaarapadutundi. paaschaatya saastravettalu mariyu girijana prajalanu okachota cherche prayatnaalaku kooda shaastreeya vislaeshanhanu girijana inputnu moosivese roopaka "block baaks" loe unchaaru anae sthaanika americanla avagahanalu aatamkam kaliginchaayi. sambandham lekunda, shaastreeya avagahananu pempondinchadaaniki mariyu paryaavaranam mariyu maanava aarogyaaniki prayojanam chekurche kotta samacharam mariyu drukpathaalanu andinchadaaniki swadeshi ghnaanam yokka saamarthyaanni epa gurtinchindi.
epa yokka pramaada anchanaa namoonaalo ttlnu ekikrutam cheyadam anedi epa-girijana vignaana mandali epa samskrutilo maarpunu elaa amalu cheyagaligindo cheppadaniki oka udaaharana. pramaada anchanaa namuunaa anedi kalushitaalu ledhaa itara paryaavarana ottillaku gurikavadam valla maanava aarogyam mariyu paryaavaranaaniki haanikaramaina prabhaavaala sambhaavyata yokka shaastreeya vislaeshanha kosam oka vyavastheekruta chatram."pramaadakara vyardhaala pradaesaalaloo subhrapariche sthaayilu, neeti naanhyata mariyu gaali naanhyata pramaanaalu, chepala salahalu mariyu purugumandulu mariyu itara vishapuurita rasaayanaala nishedhaalu ledhaa parimita upayogaalanu sthaapinchadaaniki epa pramaada anchanaanu upayoginchindi."ayithe, prastuta pramaada anchanaa paddhatulu girijana samskruti, viluvalu mariyu/ledhaa jeevana vidhaanaalaku puurti viluvanu ivvavani girijana prajalu aandolana chendutunnaru. girijana vignaana mandali eee. pii. yea. pramaada anchanaa namoonaalo unna bahirgata oohalalo tii. tii. ell. nuu chaerchadaaniki prayatnistundi. ayithe, epa yokka girijana vignaana mandaliki deerghakaalika lakshyam, pramaadaaniki sambandhinchina nirnayaatmaka madimpulalo aarogyakaramaina prajalu mariyu paryaavaranaanni parirakshinche disagaa puurti maarpu. paina paerkonnatlugaa, girijana prajalu pramaadaanni vargeekarinchinappudu maanava mariyu paryaavarana paristhitini vaeru cheyadaanni angeekarincharu. epa praarambhinchina seminar, varkshaaplu mariyu prajectula dwara, girijana saampradaaya jeevana vidhaanaalanu epa risk assessment mariyu nirnayam teesukovadamlo ekikrutam cheyadam gurinchi tegalu charchallo palgonagaligayi. idhi aneka vidhaluga jarigindih sthaanika buttalu, salmon mariyu itara chepala praamukhyata, sthaanika mokkala aushadham, pedda mottamlo chepalu mariyu atalu tinadam mariyu chemata ladgeelu vanti pratyaekamaina girijana saamskrutika karyakalapalanu prajalaku ledhaa samaajaalaku sambhaavya pramaadaanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki bahirgatam cheyadam. eee rakamaina girijana nirdishta karyakalapalanu epa pramaada anchanaalo cherchinappatiki, avi chaerchabadataayani haamii ledhu ledhaa desavyaaptamgaa vividha pradaesaalaloo vaatini elaa vartimpajeyavachane daanipai sthirathvam ledhu.
juulai 2014loe, epa "samakhya gurtimpu pondina tegalu mariyu swadeshi prajalatho kalisi panicheyadaaniki paryaavarana nyaayampai thana vidhananni" prakatinchindi, samakhya gurtimpu pondina tegalu mariyu swadeshi prajalaku sambandhinchina kaaryakramaala kosam daani suutraalanu nirdesinchindi, "samakhya paryaavarana chattaala nyaayamaina mariyu samarthavanthamaina amaluku maddatu ivvadaaniki, mariyu asamaana prabhavalu mariyu maanava aarogyam mariyu paryaavaranaaniki gananeeyamaina pramaadaala nundi rakshananu andistundi."17 suutraalaloo #3 (" "samyukta raashtraala antataa samakhya gurtimpu pondina tegalu, swadeshi prajalu mariyu bhaarata desamlo nivasistunna itarula konam nundi maanava aarogyam mariyu paryaavaranam yokka nirvachanaalanu ardham chesukovadaniki EPA panichestundi" "); #6 (" "EPA prothsahistundi, taginanta mariyu aacharaneeyamainanta varaku mariyu chattam dwara anumatinchabadinanta varaku, agency yokka paryaavarana shaastram, vidhanam mariyu nirnayam teesukune prakriyalalo saampradaaya paryaavarana parignaanaanni ekikrutam cheyadam, paryaavarana nyayam samasyalanu ardham chesukovadaniki mariyu parishkarinchadaaniki mariyu programme amalunu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki" "); mariyu #7 (" "EPA pavitra pradaesaalu, saamskrutika vanarulu mariyu itara saampradaaya ghnaanampai samaachaaraaniki sambandhinchina gopyata aandolanalanu pariganistundi, chattam anumatinchina vidhamgaa"."). eee vidhanam paryaavarana nyaya suutraalaku sambandhinchi EPA kosam maargadarsakaalu mariyu vidhaanaalanu gurtinchinappatikii, avi tegalu mariyu swadeshi prajalaku sambandhinchinavi, agency avi niyamaalu ledhaa nibandhanalagaa yea vidhamgaanuu vartinchavani perkondi. avi nirdishta paristhitulaku vartinchavu ledhaa yea chattam, niyantrana ledhaa itara chattabaddhamgaa kattubadi unde avasaralanu maarchalevu ledhaa pratyaamnaayam cheyalevu mariyu chattabaddhamgaa amalu cheyalevu.

