
zii. eah. baavulu

georg albert wells (22 mae 1926-23 janavari 2017) london vishwavidhyaalayamloni birkbecklo german professorga panichesina aangla panditudu. johann gottfried hearder mariyu franz grilparger vanti prasiddha european medhaavula gurinchi pustakaalu raasina taruvaata, athanu 1971loe thana pustakam "dhi jeesas off dhi arley christians" thoo praarambhinchi, yesu yokka chaaritrakata adhyayanam vaipu moggu chuupaadu. yesu oka chaaritraka vyakti kakunda tappanisarigaa oka pouraanika vyakti anae siddhaantaaniki nyayavadiga ayana baga prasiddhi chendaaru, eee siddhaantaanni bruno boyer mariyu orther vanti german baibil panditulu maargadarsakatvam chesaaru.
1990la chivari nundi, konni suvaartalalo upayoginchina muulamgaa pratipaadinchabadina oohaatmaka q patram, oka prayaanikudaina galilean adbhuta karmikudu/sinika-rushi rakam bodhakudi "ghnaapakaala pradhana bhaganni kaligi undavacchu" anie wells chepparu. eee kotta vaikhari chaaritraka yesu unikini angeekarinchadaaniki baavulu thana sthaanaanni maarchukunnatlu ardham cheyabadindi. 2003loe, robbert emm thoo taanu ekibhavinchanani wells paerkonnaadu. yesu gurinchi samacharam "annee pouraanikamainavi" anie dhara. paulin upadaesaala yokka atindriya lakshanaalanu q yokka maanava bodhakudiki aapaadinchadam dwara suvaartala yokka yesu pondaarani wells nammutaaru.
wells hetuvaada patrika sanghaaniki chairmanga unnaaru. athanu vivaham chesukunnadu mariyu seyint loe nivasinchaadu. albans, london sameepamlo. athanu london mariyu bern vishwavidhyaalayamlo chaduvukunnadu mariyu german, tatvasaastram mariyu sahaja saastramlo degreelu pondaadu. wells 1949 nundi london vishwavidhyaalayamlo german bodhinchaadu mariyu 1968 nundi birkbeck kalasalalo german professorga panicheesaadu.
prarambha kraistavatvampai pani cheyandi.
modati sataabdam nundi unna mottamodati kraistava patraalu, mukhyamgaa paal mariyu kontamandi itara rachayitala kotta nibandhana patraalu, iteevali dasaabdaalalo jeevinchi maraninchina bodhakudu mariyu adbhuta-karmikudiga yesu yokka suvaarta vyaktitoe etuvanti parichayaanni choopinchaledani soochinchadam wells yokka praathamika pariseelana. badulugaa, prarambha kraistava patraalu aayananu "gatamlo konni paerkonabadani kaalamlo bhoomipai oka vyaktigaa matrame aspashtamgaa unna praathamikamgaa atindriya vyaktigaa" pradarsistaayi. eee toli kraistavula yesu chaaritraka paatrapai aadhaarapadaledani, yoodula ghnaana vyakti aadhaaramgaa aadhyaatmika oohagaanaala nundi udbhavinchina swachchamaina puraanam anie wells viswasinchaadu.
thana prarambha trayam (1971,1975,1982) loe, suvaarta yesu anedi oka yoodu ghnaana vyakti-prarambha patraala yesu-kontha gatha, paerkonabadani kaala vyavadhilo jeevinchina puurtigaa pouraanika vistarana anie wells vaadinchaaru. adanamgaa, grandhaalu pratyaekamgaa kraistava mariyu vedaantaparamgaa prerepinchabaddaayi, anduvalla oka hetubaddhamaina vyakti suvaartalanu swatantramgaa dhruvikarinchinatlayite matrame nammali.
1990la madhya nundi ayana taruvaati trayam loe; "dhi jeesas legend" (1996), "dhi jeesas mith" (1999), mariyu "memu kotta nibandhananu viswasinchagalamaa?"(2004), kyuu muulam nundi chaaritraka galilean bodhakudini chaerchadaaniki wells thana prarambha theesisnu savarinchi, vistarinchaaduh
modati yesu, taruvaati yesu maadiri vyakti kakapothe, prarambha [kotta nibandhana] patraalu mariyu [taruvaati] suvaartala madhya asamaanata vivarinchadaginadani neenu ikkada pratipaadistunnaanu. suvaarta yesu paricharyalooni konni amsaalu modati sataabdam praarambhamlo galilean bodhakudi kaaryakalaapaalaku sambandhinchinavi, athanu q (kwelleku sankshipta roopam, 'muulam' kosam german) anie pilavabade vaatilo kanipistaadu. yesu galilean bodhanaku sambandhinchina vishayaalatoe paatu mathue mariyu looke suvaartalanu kooda q andinchaadu. [.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru.] yesu gurinchina naa modati pustakaalalo, suvaarta yesu anedi prarambha patraalalooni yesu yokka puurtigaa pouraanika vistarana anie neenu vaadinchaanu. prastuta rachanaloni eee vibhaagamlo ivvabadina "yesu puraanam" (1996) mariyu "yesu puraanam" (1999) vaadana saaraamsam neenu ikapai eee sthaanaanni konasaginchanani spashtam chestundi. naa munupati sthaanam yokka balaheenatanu zhe napai ottidi chesaaru.dii.zii. dunn, suvaartalalo mariyu vaati moolaalalo manaku unna sampradaayaala sanklishtata chaaritraka aadharam lekunda prarambha patraala nundi intha takkuva samayamlone abhivruddhi chendhi undavacchani manam nijamgaa oohinchalemani abhyantaram vyaktam chesina dunn, [dunn, [yesu kosam sakshyam] 1985, p. 29). naa prastuta drukkonam emitante eee samudaayam anthaa post-palin kaadu [q muulam nundi chaaritraka galilean bodhakudu kooda unnadu] (q, ledhaa daanilooni yea bhagamaina, ca antha praarambhamloonae undavacchu. eah.dii. 50); mariyu neenu sarainadi ayithe, doherty mariyu dharaku vyatiraekamgaa-idantaa pouraanikam kaadu. neenu chuustunnatlugaa, mukhyamaina vishayam emitante, q material, yesu yokka chaaritrakataku saakshyamgaa saripotunda ledhaa anedi, [pouraanika] maranistunna mariyu perugutunna kreesthutho gurtinchabadani [maanava] vyaktini suuchistumdi. ("manam enteeni nammagalama?", 2004, pp. 43, 49-50).
yesu puraanam" loe wells thana vaikharini spashtam chestu, "sakshyam (ghnaana saahityaaniki matrame parimitam kaadu) thana sonta rojuki mundhe jeevinchina chaaritraka yesunu suuchistumdani paal nijaayiteegaa nammadu; mariyu atuvanti vyakti vaastavaaniki unnada mariyu paal tananu oohinchina aspashtamaina jeevitaanni gadipada anae prasnanu neenu terichi unchutaanu. (eee samasyanu parishkarinchadaaniki etuvanti margalu laevu.) "
dheenitho, suvaarta kathala yokka kendra vyakti paakshikamgaa modati sataabdapu gaeley nundi vacchina chaaritraka paatrapai aadharapadi undataaniki veelu kalpinchindihi "[t] athanu galilean mariyu virakta amsaalu.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru. prayaaninchae virakta-rakam galilean bodhakudi (ayithe, athanu khachitamgaa toli kraistava patraalalooni yesutho gurtinchabadadu) ghnaapakaala pradhana bhaganni kaligi undavacchu."eee bodhakudi yokka suuktulu mariyu ghnaapakaalu" "q" "patramlo bhadraparachabadi undavacchu, idhi mathue mariyu looke yokka suvaartalalo kanipinche yesu yokka aneka" "suuktulaku" "muulamgaa oohinchabadindi". ayithe, prastuta saahityam nundi eee chaaritraka vyaktini punarnirminchadam niraasaajanakamaina pani anie wells nirdhaarinchaaru.suvaartalalo manaku unnadi khachitamgaa rendu vaastavaaniki chaalaa swatantramaina sampradaaya pravaahaala kalayika.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru.modati sataabdam praarambhamlo tiraskaranaku guraina galilean bodhakudu, mariyu prarambha patraala yokka atindriya vyaktitvam, [paal yokka yesu] bhoomipai kontakaalam nivasinchi, taruvaata tiraskarinchi, swargaaniki tirigi vacchina-okatigaa kudinchabaddaayi. [maanava] bodhakudiki [pouraanika] mokshakaramaina maranam mariyu punarutthaanam ivvabadindi, mariyu ivi paerkonabadani gatamlo (prarambha patraalalo vale) kakunda galilean bodhanatho chaaritraka sandarbhamlo kuurpugaa sett cheyabaddaayi. yoodula ghnaana saahityamlo chaalaa mukhyamaina aalochanalaku-patraalalo vaari saaraamsam chaalaa varaku runapadi undatam valla rendu vyaktula kalayika sulabhataram ayi untundi. ("yesu parimaanaanni tagginchadam", 2009, p. 16)
baavulu teesukunna naveekarinchabadina vaikharini itara panditulu "daadaapu-mukham" gaa ardham chesukunnaru, chaaritraka yesu unikini angeekarinchadaaniki anukuulamgaa athani prarambha theesisnu vidichipettaru. edemaina, modati sataabdam chivari suvaarta kathala eee sankhya paal yokka patraalu mariyu itara prarambha kraistava patraala bully kreestu puraanaaniki bhinnamgaa undani, mariyu eee rendu bommalu gurtulo militam kaavadaaniki mundu ververu muulaalanu kaligi unnayani, "neenu sarainavaadini ayithe, doherty mariyu dharaku vyatiraekamgaa-ivanni pouraanikam kaadu."yesu unikilo unnaadani vaadinche vaari vargaaniki chendinavaadani, conny yesu gurinchi aaa nivedikalu entha nammadaganivi, antey ayana gurinchi manaku chaalaa takkuva ledhaa aemee teliyadu anie wells paerkonnaadu. udaaharanaku, pilate aadhvaryamlo yesu maranasiksha katha chaaritraka vruttaantam kaadani, "neenu kanya puttukanu (inca pariganistunnaanu) [eee krindi kathalanu;] galilean paricharyalo, oka vyakti chuttoo siluva veyadam gurinchi, pariganinchaanu (inca pariganistunnaanu)" anie wells vaadinchaaru.dii. 30 pilaatu krinda, mariyu punarutthaanam-puraanam ". chaalaa mandhi panditulu ippatikee baavulanu oka pouraanika saastravettagaa paerkontunnaaru.
swaagatam.
saha rachayita aarr. joseph hafman velsnu "charitrayetara siddhaantam yokka atyanta spashtamaina samakaaleena raksakudu" anie pilicharu."oka pouraanika yesu gurinchi wells chesina vaadanaku earl doherty, robbert emm nundi maddatu labhinchindi. dhara mariyu itarulu. shaastreeya charitrakaarudu aarr. ii. dhi jeesas off dhi arley christians" nuu "journal off hellenic studies" loe sameekshinchina whit, konni vimarsalanu andinchagaa, "hellenistlu eee savaalu chese pustakam roopaanni swaagatinchaali" anie teelchi chepparu."
ayithe, baavula teermaanaalanu baibil panditulu mariyu doubleu vanti matha charitrakaarulu vimarsinchaaru. hetch. sii. friend mariyu robbert ii. vaan worst. marinta vimarsanaatmaka baavulu "[baavulu] chaaritraka-kaani parikalpananu munduku teesukellaayi, vastunishtha kaaranaala valla kaadu, conny atyanta dhoranitho kuudina, matha vyatiraeka prayojanaala kosam."patrick henry kalaasaalaku chendina charitrakaarudu david ikeman wells yokka naipunhyam mariyu nishpaakshikata lekapovadaanni vimarsinchaaruh" wells kotta nibandhana nipunudu kaadu, conny german professor mariyu hetuvaada patrika sangham maajee chhairman. yesu yokka chaaritrakatanu tiraskaristuu ayana aneka pustakaalu raasaaru, eee sthaanaanni daadaapu yea kotta nibandhana panditudu aamodinchadu, kraistavatvaanni teevramgaa vyatirekinche vaaru kooda."yesu yokka chaaritrakata gurinchi vivaadaaspada chhaanel 4 television siriisloo" "jeesas dhi evidence" "(lwt: 1984) loe vellulu kanipinchaayi".
aneka mandhi rachayitala vimarsalanu sameekshinchina taruvaata, naastika tatwavetta maikhel martin "wells yokka thesis vivaadaaspadamainadi mariyu vistrutamgaa aamodinchabadanappatiki", yesu yokka chaaritrakataku vyatiraekamgaa ayana chesina vaadana sarainadani annaru.
bart ehraman, thana "yesu unnada? (ehraman) (2012) ilaa perkonnaduh "aadhunika kaalamlo atyanta prasiddha pouraanika shaastravetta-kaneesam yea pouraanikavettala gurinchi telisina enn. tii. panditulalo-georg eah. baavulu.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru.ayana oka pouraanika sthaanaanni samarthistuu aneka pustakaalu, vyasalu raasaaru, ayana 1975loe raasina pustakam "yesu unikilo unnada?" kante ekkuva padunainadi marokati ledhu."anie paerkonnaaru. wells khachitamgaa thana kesunu cheyadaaniki kashtapadi panichese vyaktih chadavakapoyina bayati vyakti ayinappatikee, athanu kshetramloni bhashanu matladatadu mariyu daani paandityaanni lothugaa chadivaadu. ayinappatikee chaalaa mandhi panditulu ayana rachanalanu nammadaginadigaa ledhaa mukhyamgaa baga vaadinchinatlugaa pariganincharu (ledhaa pariganincharu)."(puu. 19). uchita vichaarana" loe oka vyaasamlo eee amsaalaku wells samadhanam icchaaru.
pustakaalu.
german medho charitra.
paddenimidava mariyu pantommidava sataabdapu german bhasha aalochanalu mariyu aksharaalalo wells yokka pradhana rachanalu

