
ground prarambham

telephonylo, ground start anedi chandaadaarula sthaanika loop yokka terminal nundi telephone exchange kuu signalling chese paddhati, ikkada dial tone abhyardhinchadaaniki cable jatha yokka oka vaipu tatkalikamga ground cheyabadutundi. 20va sataabdapu madhyakaalamlo chaalaa varaku american payphonelu naanem-modati ground start linelanu upayoginchaayi, naanem dwara andinchina prarambha ground connectiontho, naanem chutt gundaa velutunnappudu parichayala samitini kaluputundi.
ground prarambha trunk.
telephone companylu saadhaaranamgaa rendu rakaala dial tone switched circuitlanu andistaayi-ground start mariyu loop start. private branch exchangeelu (pbx) ground start trunklapy uttamamgaa panicheestaayi, endukante aaa trunklu sakalamlo clearing cheyadaaniki veelugaa aann hook signalnu ivvagalavu.
saadhaarana single line telephones mariyu kii systems saadhaaranamgaa loop prarambha linelalo panicheestaayi. loop prarambha linelalo pbx mariyu kendra karyalayam anukokunda ekakaalamlo line swaadheenam chesukovacchu, idhi "glair" anie piluvabade paristhiti, dheeni phalitamgaa coll gharshanaku daariteestundi, endukante iddarikee aasinchina pratispandana raadu mariyu coll praarambhinchalemu.
nishkriya circuitlo, kendra karyalayam anchu vaipu sambandhinchi ring conductorpy-48v (namamatramga) sarafara chestundi. ground start pbx anedi ring leednu neelaku anusandhaaninchadam dwara oka panilekunda unna circuitlo avtgoing trunk sejarnu praarambhistundi (garishtamgaa 550 omla sthaanika nirodhakata). kendra karyalayam eee paristhitini grahinchi, kona aadhikyanni nilabedutundi. pbx dheenini grahinchinappudu, adhi off-hook avutundi, aapai ring meeda unna bhoomini tolagistundi. kendra karyalayam dial tone pamputundi mariyu migilina coll saadhaaranamgaa konasaagutundi. 
ground start signalinglo, kendra karyalayam grounding tip dwara coll praarambhistundi mariyu ringing signalnu linepy unchutundi. merupuni nivaarinchadaaniki, pbx avtgoing kaalnu praarambhinchae mundu, koo ippatike ground tuu tipnu vartimpajeyaledani modata dhruveekarinchaali. eee paristhitini grahinchadaaniki pbx 100ms kaligi undhi. 
incoming ledhaa avtgoing coll mugimpulo, pbx hook meeda velladam dwara disconnect praarambhistundi, ledhaa kendra karyalayam tip teravadam dwara disconnect praarambhistundi. loop current kolpovadaanni maroka chivara gurtinchinappudu, adhi kooda hook meeda velutundi mariyu coll saadhaaranamgaa clear avutundi. 
oka pbx viniyogadaaru sthaanika phone company nundi saraina rakam trunk line arder cheyadaaniki mariyu pbx chivaralo telephone vyavasthanu sarigga vyavasthaapinchadaaniki jagrattagaa undaali-tadwara avi saripolutaayi. 20va sataabdapu chaalaa central office switchlalo line parikaraalanu ground start line roopondinchadaaniki pratyaekamgaa revire cheyavalasi vachindi. cross baar switch saadhaarana contact niluvugaa kaagitam sleevtho, anuvaadam dwara 5es switch, mariyu line kardupai slide switch dwara dms-100 thoo chesindi, annee customer arder chesina daani prakaram.