
vedana yokka pier

choke pier ledhaa mouth bathaanee anie kooda piluvabade vedana yokka pier, aadhunika kaalam praarambhamlo kanugonabadina vivaadaaspada upayogam yokka parikaram. eee yantraangam oka spoon lanty bhagaluga vibhajinchabadina pier aakarapu loha sariiraanni kaligi untundi, veetini springtho ledhaa keeni tippadam dwara vaeru cheyavachu. himsimchae parikaramgaa daani pratipaadita kaaryaacharananu noti, pureeshanaalam ledhaa yoniloki vividha rakaluga choppinchi, aapai baadhitudini muusukoevadaaniki ledhaa vikrutam cheyadaaniki vistarinchaali; himsimchae parikaramgaa daani chaaritraka upayogam vivadaspadamga undhi.
kontamandi panditulu pier yokka chaaritraka vruttaamtaalu anumanaspadamga nammasakyam kaanivi anie vivadaspadamga paerkonnaaru. prarambha aadhunika kaalam nundi konni udaaharanalu unnappatikee, vaatilo konni springtho teruchukuntaayi, mariyu tolaginchagala kii yantraamgaanni teravadaaniki kaadu, daanini muusivaeyadaaniki untundi. paatha parikaraalalo kaneesam okadaanini chivarana topeetho moosi unchutaaru, idhi churukaina moosiveta lekunda oka randhramlo choppinchina tarvaata teravalemani suuchistumdi. madhyayuga yugamlo ituvanti himsa parikaram unikilo undataaniki samakaaleena aadharalu laevu, chivariki edainaa nijamaina "baeri" yokka prayojanam teliyadu.
muulaalu.
eee parikaraala gurinchi ledhaa vaati upayogam gurinchi samakaaleena pratyaksha vivarana ledhu. ayithe, loha sthirathvam mariyu shaili vanti parikaraala roopakalpana dwara, konni empika chesinavi prarambha aadhunika kaalamlo (sumaru 1600) tayaaru cheyabadinatlu bhaavistunnaaru. prarambha prastaavana f loe undhi. 1639loe vraayabadina dii kalvi yokka "ell 'inventire general dii ell' histoir dess laurence" ("dongala charitra yokka saadhaarana jabita"), eee aavishkarananu nawarre yokka henry rojullo capitine gouchero dii paleoli anae dongaku aapaadinchindi. athanu mariyu athani sahacharulu badhiturali intini dochukunnappudu, oka dhanavanthudaina parisiannu longadeesukoovadaaniki paleoli yaantrika gyagnu upayoginchi undavacchu.
eee parikaram gurinchi marinni prastaavanalu 19va sataabdamloo kanipistaayi. vaatini gross yokka "dictionary off dhi vulgar naaluka" (1811) loe "choke baeri" gaa kooda prastaavinchaaru, gatamlo haalandlo upayoginchina dopidiiloo upayoginche sahayakaluga varninchaaru."
masaachusetslooni bostanloni detective beuro yokka pooliisu superintendent mariyu cheef inspector ayina eldridge und wats (1897) oka pustakamlo kooda vaatini charchinchaaru. saadhaarana pier aakarapu gogs unnayani angeekaristuu, samakaaleena dongalu paleoli pier vanti parikaranni upayoginchaledani gamaninchaaru mariyu modati sthaanamlo daani unikipai anumanalu vyaktam chesaaru, "adrushtavasaattuu maaku eee 'paisaachika aavishkarana' kolpoyina kalalalo okatigaa kanipistundi, okavela, nijamgaa, idhi eppudaina dii kalvi thala velupala unikilo unte. ayithe, pier aakarapu gaagnu roopondinchadamlo etuvanti sandeham ledhu, idhi munupati rojullo airopalo dongalu ekkuvagaa upayoginchedi mariyu ippatikee kontavaraku upayoginchabadavachhu. dheenini 'choke-pier' anie kooda pilustaaru, ayithe idhi paleoli pier kante chaalaa takkuva adbhutamainadi mariyu pramaadakaramainadi."
brewers dictionary off frace und fable" (1898) loe maroka prastaavana kanugonabadindi, idhi "haalandloni dongalu okappudu pier aakaaramlo inupa mukkanu upayoginchaaru, daanini vaaru tama badhitudi notiloki balavantamgaa choppinchaaru" anie perkondi. oka keeni tippinappudu, aneka neeti buggalu anni disalalo inupa binduvulanu visurutaayi, tadwara kii dwara tappa himsimchae parikaranni eppatikee bayataku teeyalemu."
australian national universityki chendina criss bishop vaadistuu, puraatanamaina nirmaanam adhi terichi mariyu moosiveyabadindani suuchistumdi (terachi tiragabadataaniki viruddhamgaa) mariyu chitrahimsala parikaram nundi oohinchina daanikante panitanam minchipoyindi. antekakunda, aneka parikaraala muulam teliyadu mariyu panitanam avi iteevali tayaareeki chendinavani suuchistumdi, mariyu daani upayogam yokka vruttaamtaalu madhya yugaalaku samakaaleenamainavi kaavu, idhi khaataalanu anumaninchela chestundi. madhyayuga chitrahimsala parikaramgaa "pier" praamukhyata peragadam anedi 1856loe alegzander-charless savageot chetha louvku viraalamgaa ivvabadina oka alankarinchabadina "pier" (vivarinchina vidhamgaa teliyani upayogam yokka yantraangam) yokka tappudu gurtimputoe udbhavinchindani bishop abhiprayapaddaru, idhi paleoli yokka gyag gurinchi 17va sataabdapu kathalo vivarinchina parikaram. asalu kalakhandala upayogam gurinchi, bishop ilaa muginchaaru
 mana vislaeshanhanu roopondinchadaaniki "poir dii 'angois" kuu nijamaina udaaharanalu chaalaa takkuva. eee vastuvulu emai undavachane daanipai manaku spashtamaina prakatana ledhu, 19va sataabdapu sekaranalo aspashtamaina pradarsana mariyu rendu sataabdaala kritam nakilee "charitra" madhya unna sambandham matrame. aaa sambandham erpadina taruvaata, tadupari muulaalannii angeekarinchaayi, mariyu twaralone oka nakilee parisrama sthaapinchabadindi, idhi ekakaalamlo kotta "kalakhandalanu" tayaaru cheyadam mariyu retail cheyadam dwara parikalpananu balopetam chesindi. marinta muriki sangrahalayalalo nivasinche durviniyoga punarutpattulu asalu vaati muulaalu ledhaa uddesyam gurinchi manaku aemee cheppalevu. avi mana swantha cheekati korikalu mariyu rahasya bhayalanu matrame suuchistaayi.
asalu parikaraalu 16va sataabdaaniki mundu nativi kaavani, vaati kante chinnavi kaavacchani manam cheppagalam. alaa cheyadaaniki aneka prayatnaalu chesinappatiki, vaatini "madhyayuga" gaa pariganinchalemu. avi, prati vidhamgaa, chaalaa aadhunika aavishkaranalu. khachitamgaa, vaatini himsa kosam upayoginchaledu. avi chaalaa sogasainavi mariyu daani kosam chaalaa jagrattagaa tayaaru cheyabaddaayi. vaatini shastrachikitsa parikaraluga oohinchavachhu-bahusha oka vidhamaina speculum, ledhaa dantavaidyudu panicheyadaaniki noru teravadaaniki upayoginche parikaram. conny appudu avi sulabhamgaa shoe-extenderlu, ledhaa saak-stretcherlu ledhaa glove-vaidarlu kaavacchu.
saahityamlo prastaavinchaaru.
alegzander dumas pere "iravai samvatsaraala taruvaata" anae navalalo francois dii vendome, duke dii beaufort jailu nundi tappinchukunna thana kalpita vruttaamtamloo choke piyarnu upayoginchaadu.
museum mukkalu.
daani upayogam gurinchi takkuva ledhaa etuvanti aadharalu laenappatikee, moodu ledhaa naalugu aakulu ledhaa loblatho vividha mudi, alankarinchabadina mariyu vistrutamaina, pier aakarapu parikaraalaku aneka udaaharanalu unnaayi, ivi kendra screw daaraanni tippagala keeni tippadam dwara nadapabadataayi, idhi akulanu vyaapimpajaestumdi ledhaa moosivestundi. ivi saadhaaranamgaa chitrahimsalaku ankitam cheyabadina museumlalo nirvahinchabadataayi mariyu vistarinchadam ledhaa tolaginchadam dwara chitrahimsala saadhanalugaa varninchabaddaayi. konni, conny annee kaadu, prati aaku diguvana anischita prayojanam yokka chinna mudatalu untaayi. ayithe, eee parikaraalu kalvi ledhaa 19va sataabdapu muulaalu icchina vivaranalatoe saripoladam ledhu.