
goppa avarodham dibbalo samudra aamleekarana

samudra aamleekarana pagadapu dibbala yokka saadhyata mariyu balaanni tagginchadam dwara goppa avarodha dibbanu bediristundi. prapanchamlooni edu sahaja adbhutaalalo okatigaa mariyu jeevavaividhya hotspotga pariganinchabade grate barrier reif australialo undhi. itara pagadapu dibbala maadirigaane, idhi samudra aamleekarana kaaranamgaa ksheenatanu edurkontondi. mahasamudram dwara grahinchabadina vaataavarana carbon dioxide perugudala valla samudra aamleekarana jarugutundi. eee prakriya samudra uparitala ushnogratanu penchutundi, aragonite taggistundi mariyu samudram yokka pihechnu taggistundi. manavjati shilaja indhanaalanu entha ekkuvagaa viniyogiste, samudram vidudala chesina carbon dye oxidenu antha ekkuvagaa grahistundi, idhi samudra aamleekarananu marinta penchutundi.
neetilo aragonite lekapovadam mariyu taggutunna pihech kaaranamgaa calcifying jeevulu pramaadamloo unnaayi. samudrapu neeru carbon dioxidetho kalipi carbonic aamlam mariyu hydrogen ayaanlanu tayaaru chesi, neetini samarthavantamgaa aamleekarana chesinappudu idhi sambhavistundi. eee prakriya aneka calcium chese jeevulanu calcium carbonate (aragonite) nuu tayaaru cheyadaaniki carbonic aamlamlooni carbonate ayaannu upayoginchakundaa nirodhistundi. calcium carbonate anedi calshify chese jeevulu tama shellu mariyu asthipanjaraalanu tayaaru cheyadaaniki upayoginchedi. carbonate ayanlu aamleekruta neetilo adanapu hydrogen ayaanlatho bandhinchabadataayi, kabatti calshify chese jeevulu nemmadigaa vaati gundlanu tayaaru chese saamarthyaanni kolpotayi. jeevulu tama gundlanu punarnirminchadaaniki kashtapadi panicheestaayi, idhi punarutpattiki samayanni kolpovataniki daariteestundi. alaage, neetilo chaalaa ekkuva hydrogen ayanlu unte (aamlataku suuchana), ayanlu shellanu tayaaru chese calcium carbonate anuvulanu vichchinnam cheyadam praarambhistaayi, mukhyamgaa vaati shellanu karigistaayi.
idhi pagadapu dibbala aarogyam, mukhyamgaa goppa avarodha dibbala aarogyam taggadam valla jeevavaividhyam taggutundi. samudra aamleekarana kaaranamgaa jeevulu ottidiki lonavutaayi mariyu grate barrier reif vanti aarogyakaramaina pagadapu dibbalu adrushyam kavadam aneka vargaalaku aavasalanu kolpovadam. 
nepathyam.
paarisraamika viplavam taruvaata vaataavarana carbon dioxide 280 nundi 409 ppm kuu perigindi. carbon dioxide loe eee perugudala pihech loe 0.01 taggudalaku daariteesindi, mariyu 2100 natiki idhi 0.05 taggavacchu. carbon dioxide samudrapu neetini kalisinappudu adhi carbonic aamlanni yerparustundi, anuvulu hydrogen, bicarbonate mariyu carbonatega vidipotaayi mariyu avi samudram yokka pihech nuu taggistaayi. samudra uparitala ushnograta, samudra aamlata mariyu karigina akarbana carbon kooda vaataavarana carbon dioxidetho sanukoolamgaa sambandham kaligi untaayi. samudra aamleekarana hyper capniaku kaaranamavutundi mariyu samudra jeevulalo ottidini penchutundi, tadwara jeevavaividhyam taggutundi. pagadapu dibbalu kooda samudra aamleekarana dwara pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitamavutaayi, endukante calcification raetlu taggutaayi mariyu aamlata perugutundi.
aragonite samudra aamleekarana prakriya dwara prabhaavitamavutundi endukante idhi calcium carbonate yokka oka roopam. idhi pagadapu asthipanjaraalalo kanipinchedi mariyu calcit kante marinta sulabhamgaa karugutundi kabatti idhi pagadapu saadhyata mariyu aarogyaaniki chaalaa avasaram. carbon dioxide sthaayilanu penchadam valla pagadapu perugudala retlanu 9 nundi 56 saataaniki tagginchavachhu, endukante calcification prakriyaku avasaramaina carbonate ayanlu andubaatulo laevu. bivalves mariyu gastropods vanti itara calcifying jeevulu kooda samudra aamleekarana kaaranamgaa pratikuula prabhavalanu anubhavistaayi. aamla neetilo unna adanapu hydrogen ayanlu vaati shellanu kariginchi, vaati aasrayam mariyu punarutpatti retlanu parimitam chestaayi.
jeevavaividhya hotspotga, goppa avarodha dibba yokka aneka vargeekaranalu samudra aamleekarana dwara bedirinchabadutunnaayi. samudra aamleekarana kaaranamgaa arudaina mariyu sthaanika jaatulu ekkuva pramaadamloo unnaayi, endukante avi goppa avarodha dibbapai marinta vistrutamgaa aadhaarapadataayi. adanamgaa, aamleekarana kaaranamgaa pagadapu dibbalu koolipoye pramaadam jeevavaividhyaaniki muppuga undhi. samudra aamleekarana yokka ottidi kiranajanya samyogakriya ledhaa punarutpattini tagginchadam mariyu jeevulu vyaadhiki gurayye avakaasam kalpinchadam vanti itara jeeva prakriyalanu kooda pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitam chestundi.
pagadapu aarogyam.
calcification mariyu aragonite.
pagadapu oka calcifying jeevi, idhi samudra aamleekarana perige koddi kshayam mariyu nemmadigaa perugudala retlaku adhika pramaadaanni kaligistundi. pagadapu pagadalu vaati asthipanjaraalanu nirminchetappudu aragonite sahaayapadutundi endukante idhi calcium carbonate (caco3) yokka maroka roopam, idhi marinta karigedi. neeti pihech tagginappudu, aragonite kooda taggutundi, idhi pagadalalo calcium carbonate teesukovadam kolpovadaniki daariteestundi. paarisraamikeekarana tarvaata aragonite sthaayilu 16 saatam taggai mariyu current kaaranamgaa grate barrier reif yokka konni bhagalalo takkuvagaa undavacchu, idhi uttara pagadalu dakshina pagadaala kante ekkuva aragonite teesukoovadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. 2100 natiki aragonite 0.01 natiki taggutundani anchanaa veyabadindi, idhi pagadapu perugudalaku baga aatamkam kaligistundi. 1990 nundi, goppa avarodha dibbalo oka saadhaarana pedda dibba-nirmaana pagadapu "porites" yokka calcification raetlu etaa 14.2% taggai. goppa avarodha dibba antataa aragonite sthaayilu samanamga undavu; pravahalu mariyu prasarana kaaranamgaa, goppa avarodha dibbalooni konni bhagalu itarulatoe poliste sagam aragonite kaligi untaayi. aragonite sthaayilu kooda calcification mariyu utpatti dwara prabhaavitamavutaayi, ivi dibba nundi dibbaku maaravacchu. vaataavarana carbon dioxide 560 ppm kuu cherukunnatlayithe, chaalaa samudra uparitala jalaalu aragoniteku sambandhinchi pratikuulamgaa asantruptamavutaayi mariyu pihech sumaru 0.14 unitlu taggutundi-eee roeju daadaapu 8.2 nundi kevalam 7.9 kii. eee samayamlo (kontakaalam eee sataabdam moodava traimaasikamlo prastuta carbon dioxide perugudala retlatho) pasifiklo konni praantaalu matrame pagadapu perugudalaku taginanta aragonite santrupta sthaayilanu kaligi untaayi. adanamgaa, vaataavarana carbon dioxide 800 ppm kuu cherukunnatlayithe, samudra uparitala neeti pihech taggudala 0.40 unitlu untundi mariyu mottam karigina carbonate ayan gaadata kaneesam 60 saatam taggutundi. iteevali anchanaalu 2100 natiki vaataavarana carbon dioxide saadhaarana udgaara sthaayilatho 800 ppm kuu cherukuntundani perkonnaayi. eee samayamlo, prapanchamlooni anni dibbalu kotha sthithilo untaayani daadaapu khachitamgaa undhi. ayithe, pihech nuu penchadam mariyu goppa avarodha dibbalo paarisraamikeekaranaku mundu samudra rasayana shaastra paristhitulanu pratiroopam cheyadam, pagadapu perugudala raetlaloo 7 saatam perugudalaku daariteesindi.
ushnograta.
samudra aamleekarana kooda samudra uparitala ushnograta perugudalaku daariteestundi. sumaru 1 ledhaa 2 masim perugudala pagadapu mariyu jukesanthelle madhya sambandham kuulipoevadaaniki kaaranamavutundi, idhi bahusha bleachingku daariteestundi. 2100 natiki goppa avarodha dibbalo sagatu samudra uparitala ushnograta 1 mariyu 3 masim madhya perugutundani anchanaa veyabadindi. neetilo ottilla kaaranamgaa jukesanthella mariyu pagadapu algay pagadapu asthipanjaraanni vadilivesinappudu bleaching jarugutundi. idhi pagadapu asthipanjarampai nilabadi unna munupati jeevulu khaalii avtayi, tellani asthipanjaraanni vadilivestaayi kabatti pagadapu daani rangunu kolpotundi. bleach cheyabadina pagadapu ikapai kiranajanya samyogakriyanu puurti cheyadu, anduvalla adhi nemmadigaa chanipotundi. neeti aamlata nemmadigaa migilipoyina pagadapu asthipanjaraalanu karigistundi, mukhyamgaa pagadapu dibba yokka nirmaana samagratanu debbateestundi. tama pradhana aahara vanaru kosam algay mariyu jukesanthellelapai aadhaarapade aneka jeevulu kooda unnaayi. anduvalla, bleach cheyabadina pagadapu dibbalooni jeevulu kotta aahara vanarula kosam vetakadaaniki vellavalasi vastundi. jukesanthelle mariyu algay chaalaa nemmadigaa perugutaayi kabatti, pagadapu dibbanu daani asalu roopaaniki punaruddharinchadaaniki chaalaa samayam padutundi. pagadapu mariyu jukesanthelle madhya sambandham yokka eee vichchinnam photosystem II debbatinnappudu sambhavistundi, idhi dii1 proteintho praticharya ledhaa carbon dioxide sthireekarana lekapovadam valla; ivi kiranajanya samyogakriya lekapovataniki daariteestaayi mariyu bleachingku daariteestaayi.
punarutpatti.
samudra aamleekarana prakriya yokka daadaapu anni amsaalalo pagadapu punarutpattiki muppu kaligistundi. pagadapu bleaching dwara gametogenesis parokshamgaa prabhaavitamavutundi. adanamgaa, aamleekarana pagadampai pette ottidi vidudala cheyabadina veeryakanaala saadhyatanu debbateestundi. larvalu kooda eee prakriya dwara prabhaavitamavutaayi; jeevakriya mariyu sthiranivaasa suuchanalanu maarchavacchu, janabha parimaanaanni ledhaa punarutpatti yokka saadhyatanu maarchavacchu. itara jaatula calcifying larvalu samudra aamleekarana paristhitulalo taggina perugudala retlanu choopinchaayi. samudra paristhitulaku biophilm anae bio indicator, taggina vruddhi raetu mariyu aamleekaranalo kuurpunu maarchindi, bahusha biofilmlone larva settlementnu prabhaavitam chestundi.
grate barrier reif yokka aarogya nivedikalu.
samvatsaraalugaa goppa avarodham dibbanu prabhaavitam chesina konni saamuuhika bleaching sanghatanalu jarigaayi. mukhyamgaa, 2016 mariyu 2017 samvatsaraalalo, eee dibba rendu samvatsaraala paatu bleaching kaalaalanu konasaaginchindi. eee sudeergha kaalamlo goppa avarodha dibbalo pagadapu jeevulalo sagam mandhi kolpoyaru. manugada saaginchina dibbalooni bhagalu debbatinnaayi, idhi mottam pagadapu punarutpatti takkuva kaalaaniki daariteesindi. dheeni taruvaata 2020loe maroe bleaching eevent jarigindi, idhi aidellalo moodava bleaching eeventga nilichindi. ayithe 2020 bleaching phalitaalu chaalaa teevramgaa levani adhyayanalu kanugonnayi, endukante idhi takkuva mottamlo dibbalanu matrame prabhaavitam chesindi, chaalaa varaku takkuva nundi mitamaina sthaayilo bleaching kaligi unnaayi.
2022 praarambhamlo oka adhyayanam, goppa avarodha dibbanu tayaaru chese aneka dibbalalo 91 saatam, kontha pagadapu bleachingnu anubhavistunnatlu choopinchindi. adhika sthaayi bleaching unna dibbalu, tarachugaa adhika mottam gaali ushnogratato kalisi undevi. eee ushnograta sthaayilu australialo vesavi kaalam antataa konasagayi, dheeniki kaaranam sudeergha pagadapu bleaching kaalalu. pagadalu punarutpatti cheyalevu mariyu chanipolevu kabatti, ekkuva kaalam paatu undatam aandolana kaligistundi, idhi dibbala nashtaniki daariteestundi. ayithe, juun 2022 nundi iteevali nivedikalu, grate barrier reif prastutam kolukuntondani perkonnaayi. australia teeramloni vividha praantaalalo bleaching valla prabhaavitamaina dibbalu 16 saataaniki taggai. samudra ushnogratalu taggutune unnanduna, bleaching sthaayilu taggutayani, pagadapu sthaayilu perugutaayani manam aasinchavachchu. pagadapu bleaching tagginappatikee, pagadapu dibba yokka maamsaahaarulu, mulla yokka kireetam starr fish, ippatikee pagadapu perugudala mariyu abhivruddhini prabhaavitam chestunnayi.
jeevavaividhyam.
grate barrier reif anedi jeevavaividhya hotspot, idhi 5480 kii paiga vividha jaatula pagadapu, chepalu, spongelu, samudra pamulu, samudra taabellu, molask, echinoderm mariyu samudra aalgaatho sahaa parimitam kaadu. ayithe, goppa avarodha dibba samudra aamleekarana mariyu daani phalitamgaa perigina ushnograta mariyu aragonite sthaayilu taggadam valla muppu ponchi undhi. goppa avarodha dibbalooni elasmobranchlu pradhanamgaa aavasaalapai aadharapadatam mariyu pagadapu dibbala samudra aamleekarana naasanam kaaranamgaa samudra aamleekaranaku guravutaayi. mullapandula kiranam vanti arudaina mariyu sthaanika jaatulu kooda adhika pramaadamloo unnaayi. samudra aamleekarana dwara larva aarogyam mariyu calshify chese mariyu calshify kaani jeevula sthirathvam rendintikee haani kaliginchavacchu. goppa avarodha dibbalooni pagadapu dibbalaku oka predator, mulla samudra nakshatram yokka kireetam, adhi tine pagadaniki samaanamaina maranaala retunu anubhavinchindi. poeshakaalu edainaa peragatam, bahusha nadhi pravaham valla, mulla kiriitaanni sanukoolamgaa prabhaavitam chestundi mariyu pagadapu marinta naasanaaniki daariteestundi. perugutunna ushnograta saadhaarana pagadapu trout yokka pravartana mariyu fitnessnu kooda prabhaavitam chestondi, idhi pagadapu dibbala aarogyaanni konasaginchadamlo chaalaa mukhyamaina chepa.
pagadapu algay konni pagadapu dibbalanu kalisi kaligi untundi mariyu bahula paryaavarana vyavasthalalo untaayi. ayithe, samudra aamleekarana teevrataram kaavadamtho, idhi baga spandinchadu mariyu pagadapu dibbala yokka saadhyata mariyu nirmaana samagratanu debbateestundi. samudra aamleekarana yea jeevini ayina parokshamgaa prabhaavitam chestundi; perigina ottidi kiranajanya samyogakriya mariyu punarutpattini taggistundi ledhaa jeevulanu vyaadhiki marinta haani kaligistundi. adanamgaa, pagadapu dibbalu ksheenistunnappudu, vaati sahajeevana sambandhaalu mariyu nivaasitulu aadhaarapadataaniki kotta aavasalanu sweekarinchaalsi untundi ledhaa kanugonavalasi untundi.
prarambha, larva ledhaa planctonic dasalalo samudra aamleekarana prabhaavaalaku jeevulu marinta sunnitamgaa unnatlu kanugonabadindi. bahya karakalu lekunda samudra aamleekarana lenanduna, goppa avarodha dibbanu edurkontunna bahula samasyalu kalisi jeevulanu marinta ottidiki guri chestaayi. samudra aamleekarana aavasalu mariyu abhivruddhini prabhaavitam cheyadame kakunda, jeevulu maamsaahaarulanu mariyu nirdishtamaina vaatini elaa chustayo kooda prabhaavitam chestundi. samudra aamleekarana prabhavalapai adhyayanalu jeevulu eee paristhitulaku anugunamgaa undagalava anie chuudataaniki taginanta samayam pramaanaalapai nirvahinchabadaledu. ayithe, parinaamam saripolani retutho samudra aamleekarana jarugutundani anchanaa veyabadindi.
pagadapu dibbala praamukhyata.
jeevavaividhyaaniki pradhana hotspotlu kaavadamtho, pagadapu dibbalu paryaavarana vyavasthaku mariyu samudra mariyu maanava jeevitam yokka jeevanopaadhiki chaalaa mukhyamainavi. prapanchavyaaptamgaa unna deshaalu aaharam mariyu aadaaya vanarugaa, mukhyamgaa chinna dveepaalalo nivasinche nagarikatalaku dibbalapai aadhaarapadataayi. pagadapu dibbala chuttoo andubaatulo unna chepala vaetaloe 60 saataaniki paiga taggudalatoe, aneka deshaalu alavaatu padavalasi vastundi. oka dhesha aardhika vyavasthaku pagadapu dibbalu kooda mukhyamainavi, endukante dibbalu vividha rakaala paryataka karyakalapalanu andistaayi, ivi aardhika vyavasthaku chaalaa aadaayaanni utpatti cheyagalavu. eee vyapara yajamaanulu, perigina sandarsana mariyu viniyogam valla labham pondadam valla ivi vyaktigata sthaayila sreyassuku kooda dohadam chestaayi. pagadapu dibbalu kooda oka rakamaina theera moulika sadupaayaalanu andistaayi, ivi sunaameelu mariyu teerapraanta tuphaanulu vanti pradhana samudra vipattulaku mana madhya avarodhamgaa panicheestaayi.

