
ionian tirugubaatu

ionian tirugubaatu, mariyu iolis, doris, cyprus mariyu carialo sambandhita tirugubaatlu, pertian palanaku vyatiraekamgaa asea mainarlooni aneka greeku praantaalu cree. puu. 499 nundi cree. puu. 493 varaku konasagina sainika tirugubaatlu. pertia niyaminchina nirankusulatoe asea mainer yokka greeku nagaraala asantrupti, rendu myelinian nirankusulu, hystius mariyu aristagorus yokka vyaktigata charyalatho paatu tirugubaatuku kendramgaa undhi. kristupurvam 540 loe ionia nagaralanu pertia swaadheenam chesukundi, aaa taruvaata vaatini sthaanika nirankusulu paalinchaaru, vaarini pertian satrap sardis loe niyaminchaaru. creepoo 499loe, miletus yokka nirankusa, aristagorus, thana sthaanaanni balopetam chese prayatnamlo, naksolanu jayinchadaaniki pertian satrap artfernsto kalisi samyukta dandayaatranu praarambhinchaadu. aaa mission oka parajayam, mariyu nirankusudigaa athani aasanna tolagimpunu grahinchina aristagorus, pertian raaju darius dhi grate kuu vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu cheyadaaniki mottam ionia prerepinchadaaniki enchukunnadu.
creepoo 498loe, athens mariyu eretria dalaala maddatutoe, ionianlu munduku sagaru, swaadheenam chesukunnaru mariyu saardiilanu tagalabettaaru. ayithe, ioniacu tirigi vachinappudu, vaarini pertian dalaalu anusarinchaayi, ephesus yuddhamlo nirnayaatmakamgaa oodinchabaddaayi. eee pracharam ionianla ekaika pramaadakaramaina charya, vaaru taruvaata rakshanaatmaka charyaku vellaaru. kristupurvam 497loe pertianlu tirugubaatu bayati praantaalanu tirigi swaadheenam chesukune lakshyamtho moodu vaipula daaditoe pratispandinchaaru, ayithe tirugubaatu kariaku vyaapti chendadam valla dourises aadhvaryamlo atipedda sainyam akkadaku makaam maarchindi. praarambhamlo carialo vijayavantamgaa pracharam chestunnappudu, eee sainyam pedasus yuddhamlo aakasmika daadiloo naasanam cheyabadindi. eee yuddham cree. puu. 496 mariyu cree. puu. 495 varaku pratishtambhananu praarambhinchindi.
kristupurvam 494 natiki pertian sainyam mariyu naavikaadalam tirigi ekam ayyayi, mariyu vaaru neerugaa miletus vadda tirugubaatuku kendramgaa maararu. ionian naukaadalam samudram dwara mailtasnu rakshinchadaaniki prayatninchindi, conny samianla firaayimpu taruvaata lade yuddhamlo nirnayaatmakamgaa odinchabadindi. appudu miletus muttadi cheyabadi, swaadheenam cheyabadi, daani janabhanu pertian paalanaloki teesukuvacchaaru. eee dwandwa otami tirugubaatunu samarthavantamgaa muginchindi, phalitamgaa kaariyanlu parshiyanlaku longipoyaru. pertianlu kristupurvam 493 loe paschima teeram vembadi unna nagaralanu tagginchadaaniki gadiparu, avi ippatikee tamaku vyatiraekamgaa unnaayi, chivaraku ioniapy shanti parishkaranni vidhinche mundu, idhi saadhaaranamgaa nyaayamaina mariyu nyaayamainadigaa pariganinchabadindi.
ionian tirugubaatu greeku mariyu pertian saamrajyam madhya modati pradhana sangharshanagaa erpadindi, mariyu greco-pertian yuddhaala modati dasanu suuchistumdi. asea mainarnu pertian raajyamloki tirigi teesukuvacchinappatiki, tirugubaatuku maddatu icchinanduku athens mariyu eretrianu sikshistaamani darius pratigna chesaadu. antekakunda, grease yokka asankhyaaka nagara rashtraalu athani saamrajyam yokka sthirathvaaniki nirantara muppuga unnayani chuusi, herodotus prakaram, darius mottam greesnu jayinchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. kristupurvam 492loe, greaspy modati pertian dandayaatra, greco-pertian yuddhaala tadupari dasha, ionian tirugubaatu yokka pratyaksha paryavasanamga praarambhamaindi.
muulaalu.
ionian tirugubaatuku aacharanatmakamgaa ekaika praathamika muulam greeku charitrakaarudu herodotus. charitra pitamahudu' anie piluvabade herodotus cree puu 484 loe asea mainer (appudu pertian aadhipatyam krinda) looni holicarnasseslo janminchaadu. athanu thana 'vichaaranalu' (greeku-'historia'; aanglam-'(dhi) charitralu') cree. puu. 440-430 chuttoo vrasadu, greco-pertian yuddhaala muulaalanu gurtinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu, idhi ippatikee saapekshamgaa iteevali charitra ayi undedi (yuddhalu chivaraku cree. puu. 450loe mugisai). herodotus vidhanam puurtigaa vinootnamainadi, mariyu kaneesam paaschaatya samajam konam nundi, manaku telisinatlugaa athanu 'charitra' nuu kanugonnatlu anipistundi. halland cheppinatlugaah "modatisaarigaa, oka charitrakaarudu oka sangharshana yokka muulaalanu antha suduuramaina gatam nundi puurtigaa adbhutamainadigaa kakunda, ledhaa yea devuni korikalu mariyu korikalaku, ledhaa prajala vaadanaku kaadu, vidhini vyaktam cheyadaaniki, conny vivaranalanu athanu vyaktigatamgaa dhruvikarinchagaladu."
taruvaati puraatana charitrakaarulu kondaru, athani adugujaadalanu anusarinchinappatikii, thucidides thoo praarambhinchi, herodotusnu vimarsinchaaru. ayinappatikee, thucidides thana charitranu praarambhinchadaaniki enchukunnadu, ikkada herodotus vidichipettadu (sestos muttadi samayamlo), anduvalla herodotus charitra tirigi vrayadam ledhaa sarididdaalsina avasaram lekunda taginanta khachitamainadani bhaavinchaadu. plutarch thana vyaasam "aann dhi maliganity off herodotus" loe herodotusnu vimarsinchaadu, herodotusnu "philobarbaros" (φιλοβάρβαρος, "anagarika-premikudu") gaa varninchaadu mariyu taginanta greeku anukuulamainadi kaadani, idhi herodotus vaastavaaniki sama-chetivaadigaa undataaniki sahetukamaina pani chesi undavacchani suuchistumdi. herodotus gurinchi pratikuula drukpatham punarujjeevanodyama airopaku vyaapinchindi, ayinappatikee athanu vistrutamgaa chadavabaddadu. edemaina, 19va sataabdam nundi prajaasvaamya yugam mariyu konni puraavastu aavishkaranalu athani sanghatanala samskarananu padepade dhruveekarinchinanduna athani keerti natakeeyamgaa punaruddharinchabadindi. prastuta aadhunika abhiprayam emitante, herodotus saadhaaranamgaa thana "charitra" loe visaeshamaina pani chesadu, conny athani nirdishta vivaraalalo konnintini (mukhyamgaa dalaala sankhyalu mariyu teedeelu) samsayavaadamto chuudaali. ayinappatikee, herodotus vruttaamtamloo pertian vyatiraeka pakshapaatam undani, athani kathalo ekkuva bhaagam naatakeeya prabhavam kosam alankarinchabadindani nammutunna charitrakaarulu ippatikee chaalaa mandhi unnaaru.
nepathyam.
kristupurvam 12va sataabdamloo, kaamsya yugam chivarilo patanam kaavadamtho mycenian nagarikata padipoyindi. taruvaati cheekati yugamlo, gananeeyamaina sankhyalo greekulu asea mainarku valasa vacchi akkada sthirapaddaaru. eee sthiranivaasulu moodu girijana samuuhaalaku chendinavaaru iolianlu, dorianlu mariyu ionianlu. ionianlu lydia mariyu karia tiiraala vembadi sthirapaddaaru, ayoniyatho kuudina pannendu nagaralanu sthaapinchaaru. eee nagaralu (ionian leaglo bhaagam) carialo miletus, mayus mariyu praine; lydialo ephesus, colophone, lebedos, teos, clazomene, fokeya mariyu eritre; mariyu samos mariyu chios dveepaalu. ionian nagaralu okadaanikokati swatantramgaa unnappatikee, vaaru tama bhaagaswaamya vaarasatvaanni angeekarinchaaru, mariyu oka saadhaarana aalayam mariyu samavesa sthalam, panionian kaligi unnaaru. aaa vidhamgaa vaaru oka 'saamskrutika kootami' nii erpaatu chesaaru, dheeniki vaaru itara nagaralanu ledhaa itara girijana ayoniyanlanu kooda anumatincharu. kristupurvam 560 loe prasiddha lydian raaju crosus swaadheenam chesukune varaku ionia nagaralu swatantramgaa undipoyaayi. lydianu sairas dhi grate yokka noothana acamenid saamrajyam swaadheenam chesukune varaku ionian nagaralu lydian paalanalo undipoyaayi.
lydianlatho poraadutunnappudu, sairas lydian palanaku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu cheyamani koorutuu ayoniyanlaku sandeshaalanu pampindi, ionianlu alaa cheyadaaniki niraakarinchaaru. sairas lydianu jayinchadam puurti chesina taruvaata, ionian nagaralu ippudu vaaru crosusku pourulugaa unnatle adhe nibandhanala prakaram athani pourulugaa undataaniki munduku vachayi. gatamlo tanaku sahayam cheyadaaniki ionianlu ishtapadaledani paerkontuu sairas niraakarinchaadu. ionianlu tamanu taamu rakshinchukovadaaniki siddhamayyaru, mariyu siras ionia jayinchadaaniki madhyastha general harpagusnu pampaadu. athanu modata phokeyapai daadi chesaadu; phokeyanlu pertian pourulugaa kakunda (taruvaata chaalaa mandhi tirigi vachinappatikee) tama nagaranni puurtigaa vidichipetti sisileeloo bahishkarinchaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru. harpagus teospie daadi chesinappudu kontamandi tians kooda valasa velladaaniki enchukunnaaru, kaani migilina ionianlu alaage undipoyaaru, mariyu vaaru jayinchabaddaru.
pertianlu ayoniyanlanu paripaalinchadam kashtamani kanugonnaru. saamrajyamlo marekkadaina, eudia archakatvam vanti thana kotta prajalanu paripaalinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki siras unnata sthaanika samuuhaalanu gurtinchagaligadu. eee samayamlo greeku nagarallo atuvanti samuuham ledhu; saadhaaranamgaa kuleenulu unnappatikee, idhi anivaryamgaa vaira vargaluga vibhajinchabadindi. pertianlu prati ionian nagaramlo oka nirankusuniki spaansar cheyadaaniki sthirapaddaaru, ayinappatikee idhi vaarini ionianla antargata sangharshanhalaloki aakarshinchindi. antekakunda, oka nirankusudu oka swatantra paramparanu abhivruddhi chesi, daanini bharti cheyalsi untundi. nirankusulu swayamgaa oka kashtamaina panini edurkonnaru; vaaru parshiyanlaku anukuulamgaa undagaane, tama thoti pourula dweshaanni chettagaa tippavalasi vachindi.
pertian ionia jayinchina sumaru 40 samvatsaraala taruvaata, mariyu nalgava pertian raaju paalanalo, darius dhi grate, stand-inn myelian nirankusa kuleenulu eee suparichitamaina sankshobhamlo tananu taanu kanugonnaru. aristagorus maama hystius kristupurvam 513 loe dandayaatralo darius thoo paatu vellaadu, mariyu bahumatini icchinappudu, swaadheenam chesukunna thracian bhoobhaagamlo kontha bhaganni koraadu. idhi manjuru cheyabadinappatiki, hystius yokka aasayam darius salahaadaarulanu apramattam chesindi, tadwara darius yokka "raayal table-thodugaa" susaalo undataaniki balavantam cheyabadatam dwara hystius marinta 'reward' cheyabaddaadu. hystius nundi baadhyatalu sweekarinchina aristagorus, miletuslo asantruptini edurkonnadu. kristupurvam 500 loe, naxola nundi bahishkarinchabadina kondaru vyaktulu aristagorasnu sampradinchaaru, vaaru dveepaanni niyantrinchamani aayananu koraru. naksolanu jayinchadam dwara miletuslo thana sthaanaanni balopetam chesukune avakaasaanni chuusi, aristagorus oka pratipaadanatoe lydia, artferns yokka satraapnu sampradinchaadu. artferns oka sainyanni andinchinatlayithe, aristagorus dveepaanni jayinchi, aaa vidhamgaa darius kosam saamraajya sarihaddulanu vistarinchaadu, aaa taruvaata sainyanni penchadaaniki ayye kharchunu bharinchadaaniki artferns kuu dopidiiloo kontha vatanu icchaadu. artferns suutrapraayamgaa angeekarinchi, dandayaatranu praarambhinchadaaniki dariusnu anumati koraadu. darius dheeniki angeekarinchaadu, marusati samvatsaram naxolapy daadi cheyadaaniki 200 triremla dalaanni sameekarinchaaru.
naxos pracharam (creepoo 499).
creepoo 499 vasantakaalamlo, artferns pertian dalaanni siddham chesi, thana bandhuvu megabetlanu naayakatvam vahinchaadu. aaa taruvaata athanu miletusku noukalanu pampaadu, akkada aristagorus vidhinchina ionian dalaalu bayaludaeraayi, aaa taruvaata aaa dalam naxola kosam prayaaninchindi.
eee dandayaatra twaragaa ghora paraajayaaniki daariteesindi. naxola vaipu prayaanamloo aristagorus megabetlatho vibhedinchaadu, appudu megabetlu naksolaku dhoothalanu pampaarani, dhala uddesam gurinchi naxianlanu heccharinchaarani herodotus chepparu. ayithe, eee kathanu sanghatana tarvaata aristagorus pracharam yokka tadupari vaiphalyaaniki samarthanagaa vyaapti chesi undavacchu. edemaina, naxianlu muttadiki sarigga siddham cheyagaligaaru, pertianlu baga rakshinchabadina dandayaatraku vacchaaru. pertianlu naalugu nelala paatu naxianlanu muttadinchaaru, conny chivariki vaariki mariyu aristagorus iddarikee dabbu ayipoyindi. aaa dalam vijayam lekunda pradhana bhuubhaagaaniki tirigi prayaaninchindi.
ionian tirugubaatu prarambham (cree. puu. 499).
naksolanu jayinche thana prayatnam viphalamainanduna, aristagorus tananu taanu ghoramaina sankshobhamlo padesadu; athanu artfernsku tirigi chellinchalekapoyadu, antekakunda, pertian raaja kutumbam nundi tananu taanu dhooram chesukunnadu. artferns thana padavi nundi tolaginchabadatarani athanu puurtigaa bhaavinchaadu. tananu taanu rakshinchukovadaaniki chesina teerani prayatnamlo, aristagorus thana sonta prajalaina myelianlanu vaari pertian yajamaanulaku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu cheyadaaniki prerepinchadaaniki enchukunnadu, tadwara ionian tirugubaatu praarambhamaindi.
creepoo 499 saradrutuvulo, aristagorus thana vargam sabhyulatho miletuslo samavesam nirvahinchaadu. thana abhiprayam prakaram myelianlu tirugubaatu cheyaalani ayana prakatinchaaru, dheeniki charitrakaarudu hecatius minaha andaruu angeekarinchaaru. adhe samayamlo, hystius pampina oka dhootha miletusku cherukuni, dariusku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu cheyamani aristagorasnu vaedukunnaaru. hystius ioniacu tirigi raavadaaniki aatrutagaa undatam vallane anie, tirugubaatu jarigithe ioniacu pampabadataanani bhaavinchaadani herodotus suuchimchaadu. anduvalla aristagorus dariusku vyatiraekamgaa thana tirugubaatunu bahirangamgaa prakatinchaadu, nirankusudigaa thana paatra nundi tappukunnadu mariyu mailtasnu prajaswaamyamgaa prakatinchaadu. idhi adhikaranni vadulukunna aristagorus yokka bhaagaaniki sambandhinchina oka natana matrame anadamlo herodotusku etuvanti sandeham ledhu. badulugaa idhi myelies utsaahamgaa tirugubaatulo cherela roopondinchabadindi. naxosku pampabadina sainyam ippatikee mayus vadda samavesamai, asea mainer (i.ii. ayolia mariyu doris) alaage mytailin, mylasa, termera mariyu saim nundi vacchina purushulu. sainyamlo unna greeku nirankusulandarinii pattukoovadaaniki aristagorus manushulanu pampi, aaa nagaraala sahakaranni pondadaaniki vaarini aaya nagaralaku appaginchaadu. mytileen tappa raktapaatam lekunda appaginchabaddaarani, athani nirankusuni raallatho kotti champarani, itara praantaalalo nirankusulanu bahishkarinchaarani khananam mariyu miges paerkonnaaru. aristagorus thana tirugubaatulo chaeradaaniki mottam sainyanni prerepinchaadani, pertianlu sarafara chesina noukalanu kooda swaadheenam chesukunnadani kooda soochinchabadindi (herodotus spashtamgaa alaa cheppaledu). rendodi nijamaithe, pertianlu ioniapy naukaadala daadini praarambhinchadaaniki entha samayam pattindo idhi vivarinchavacchu, endukante vaaru kotta naukaadalaanni nirminchaalsina avasaram undedi.
aristagorus mariyu hystius vyaktigata uddeshaala paryavasanamga tirugubaatunu herodotus pradarsinchinappatikii, ionia emainappatiki tirugubaatuku siddhamgaa undalsi untundani spashtamavutundi. pertianlu sthaapinchina nirankusulu praadhamika firyadu. gatamlo greeku rashtraalu tarachugaa nirankusulache paalinchabadutundagaa, idhi ksheenistunna prabhutva roopam. antekakunda, gatha nirankusulu balamaina mariyu samarthulaina nayakuluga undataaniki moggu chuupaaru (mariyu avasaram), ayithe pertianlu niyaminchina paalakulu kevalam parshiyanla pratinidhulu. pertian sainika saktitoe maddatu pondina eee nirankusulaku janabha maddatu avasaram ledhu, tadwara vaaru puurtigaa paalinchagaligaaru. aaa vidhamgaa aristagorus yokka charyalu oka mantanu oka mandey pettelo visireyadamtho polchabaddaayi; avi ionia antataa tirugubaatunu prerepinchaayi, mariyu pratichota dourjanyaalu raddu cheyabaddaayi, mariyu vaati sthaanamlo prajaswamyalu sthaapinchabaddaayi.
aristagorus hellenic asea mainer mottaanni tirugubaatuloki teesukuvacchaadu, conny parshiyanlatho vijayavantamgaa pooraadataaniki greekulaku itara mitraraajyaalu avasaramani spashtamgaa grahinchaadu. creepoo 499 sheethaakaalamlo, athanu modata yuddha vishayaalalo pramukha greeku raajyamaina spartaku prayaaninchaadu. ayithe, aristagorus abhyardhanalu unnappatikee, sparton raaju cleomens I parshiyanlaku vyatiraekamgaa greekulanu nadipinchaalane pratipaadananu tiraskarinchaadu. anduvalla aristagorus athens vaipu tirigaadu.
athens iteevala prajaswaamyamgaa maarindi, daani swantha nirankusa hippiyalanu padagottindi. prajaswaamyaanni sthaapinchadaaniki vaari poraatamlo, athenianlu pertian aadhipatyaaniki longipovadaaniki badulugaa sahayam kosam persianlanu koraru (idhi chivariki avasaram ledhu). konni samvatsaraala taruvaata, hippias spartanla sahayamtho athenslo adhikaranni tirigi pondadaaniki prayatninchaadu. eee prayatnam viphalamaindi, hippias artfernsku paaripoyi, ethenlanu longadeesukoovadaaniki atanini oppinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu. atanni charya teesukokunda nirodhinchadaaniki athenianlu artfernsku raayabaarulanu pampaaru, conny artferns hippiyalanu tirigi nirankusulugaa teesukoovaalani athenianlanu aadesinchaadu. athenianlu dheenini tiraskarinchaarani, badulugaa parshiyaato bahirangamgaa yuddhaaniki digaalani nirnayinchukunnaarani pratyaekamgaa cheppanavasaram ledhu. vaaru appatike parshiyaku satruvugaa unnanduna, athens appatike vaari tirugubaatulo ionian nagaralaku maddatu ichhe sthithilo unnadu. ionian prajaswamyalu athenian prajaasvaamya udaaharana nundi prerana pondaayi anae vaastavam, mukhyamgaa ionian nagaralu (bhaavinchabadutunnaayi) modata athenian kaalaneelu kabatti, ionian tirugubaatuku maddatu ivvadaaniki athenianlanu oppinchadaaniki sahaayapadindi.
puurtigaa spashtamgaa laeni kaaranaala valla ayoniyanlaku sahayam pampamani eretria nagaranni oppinchadamlo kooda aristagorus vijayam saadhinchaadu. bahusha vaanijya kaaranaalu oka kaaranam kaavacchu; eretria oka vaanijya nagaram, dheeni vaanijyam aegean yokka pertian aadhipatyam valla bedirinchabadindi. kontakaalam kritam myleelu eretria icchina maddatunu tirigi chellinchadaaniki eretriyanlu tirugubaatuku maddatu icchaarani, bahusha lelantine yuddhanni suuchistunnaarani herodotus suuchimchaadu. athenianlu iravai triremlanu miletusku pampaaru, veetini eretria nundi aidu balaparicharu. eee naukala raaka greekulaku, anagarikulaku madhya samasyalaku praarambhamani herodotus abhivarninchaadu.
ionian daadi (cree. puu. 498).
sheethaakaalamlo, aristagorus tirugubaatunu konasaginchadu. oka sanghatanalo, athanu vaari maatrubhoomiki tirigi raavaalani, friesialo nivasinchadaaniki darius teesukuvacchina pioneanla brundaaniki (modata thrace nundi) cheppadu. pertian adhishtaanamnu badhapettadame thana ekaika uddesyam anie herodotus chepparu.
sardis.
kristupurvam 498 vasantakaalamlo, iravai triremla athenian shakti, eretria nundi aidugurito kalisi ionia kosam prayaaninchindi. avi ephesus sameepamlo pradhana ionian saktitoe kalisipoyayi. vyaktigatamgaa dalaaniki naayakatvam vahinchadaaniki niraakarinchina aristagorus thana sodarudu chaaropinasnu, maroe myelian hermophantusnu sainikadhikaarulugaa niyaminchaadu.
eee saktini ephesiyulu parvataala gundaa artferns yokka satrapal rajadhani ayina sardis varaku nadipinchaaru. greekulu parshiyanlaku teliyaka pattukuni diguva nagaranni swaadheenam chesukogaligaru. ayithe, artferns ippatikee gananeeyamaina sankhyalo purushulatho kotanu kaligi unnadu. diguva nagaram appudu mantallo chikkukundi, herodotus anukokunda suuchistaadu, idhi twaragaa vyaapinchindi. citadelloni pertianlu, mandutunna nagaramtho chuttumuttabadi, saardeela market pradaesamlooki udbhavinchaaru, akkada vaaru greekulatho poraadaaru, vaarini balavantamgaa venakki pampaaru. greeku vaaru nirutsaahapadi, aaa nagaram nundi venakki velli, ephesasku tirigi velladam praarambhinchaaru.
saardiilanu kalchadam gurinchi darius vinnapudu, athanu athenionlapy prateekaaram teerchukuntaanani pramaanam chesaadani (vaaru nijamgaa evaro adigina taruvaata), mariyu thana pratignanu pratiroojuu moodu saarlu gurtuchese panini oka sevakudiki appaginchaadani herodotus nivedinchaaduh "master, athenianlanu gurthunchukondi".
ephesutho yuddham.
asea mainarlooni pertianlu saardeelapai daadi gurinchi vinnapudu, vaaru kalisi, artferns yokka upasamanam kosam kavaatu chesaarani herodotus chepparu. vaaru sardis vaddaku cherukunnappudu, greekulu iteevala vellipovadaanni vaaru kanugonnaru. kabatti vaaru ephesu vaipu tirigi tama maargaalanu anusarinchaaru. vaaru ephesus velupala unna greekulanu pattukunnaru, greekulu tirigi pooraadataaniki siddham kavalsi vachindi. pertianlu pradhanamgaa aswikadalam anie halland suuchistumdi (anduvalla greekulanu cherukune saamarthyam vaariki undhi). aaa samayamlo vilakshanhamaina pertian aswikadalam bahusha kshipani aswikadalam, dheeni vyuuhaalu baanaala tarvaata vaaliitoe sthiramaina satruvunu anachiveyadam.
nirutsaahapadina, alasipoyina greekulu parshiyanlaku saatilenivaarani, ephesulo jarigina yuddhamlo puurtigaa odipoyaarani spashtamavutundi. eretrian general, yualsaidlatho sahaa chaalaa mandhi champabaddaru. yuddham nundi tappinchukunna ionianlu tama sonta nagaraala kosam tayaaru chesaaru, migilina athenianlu mariyu eretriyanlu tama noukalaku tirigi velli greesku tirigi prayaaninchaaru.
tirugubaatu vyaapti.
pertianlu aristagorus varninchina sulabhamaina aaharam tappa maremi kaadani niroopinchukunnanduna athenianlu ippudu ayoniyanlatho tama pottunu muginchaaru. ayithe, ionianlu tama tirugubaatuku kattubadi unnaaru mariyu pertianlu ephesulo tama vijayanni anusarinchinatlu kanipinchaledu. bahusha eee "taatkaalika" dalaalu yea nagaranni muttadinchadaaniki sannaddham kaaledu. ephesulo otami unnappatikee, tirugubaatu vaastavaaniki marinta vyaapinchindi. ionianlu helespont mariyu propantislaku manushulanu pampi byzantium mariyu itara sameepa nagaralanu swaadheenam chesukunnaru. vaaru kooda tirugubaatulo cheramani kariyanlanu oppinchaaru. inca, tirugubaatu vyaapti chendadaanni chuusi, cyprus rajyalu kooda etuvanti bayati oppimpu lekunda pertian palanaku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu chesaayi.
pertian prati-daadi (497-495 BC).
ephesus yuddham taruvaata herodotus kathanam daani khachitamaina kaalakramamlo aspashtamgaa undhi; charitrakaarulu saadhaaranamgaa cree. puu. 498 loe sardis mariyu ephesasnu unchaaru. taruvaata, herodotus tirugubaatu vyaaptini vivarinchaadu (cree. puu. 498loe kooda), cypriyatlaku oka samvatsaram swechcha undani, anduvalla cree. puu. 497 varaku cypresslo charyanu unchaadani cheppadu. taruvaata athanu dourises, haimeis mariyu otans, veerandaroo pertian generals mariyu darius kumaartelanu vivaham chesukuni, saardeelaku vellina ayoniyanlanu vembadinchi, vaarini vaari noukalaku nadipinchaarani cheppadu. eee vijayam taruvaata vaaru nagaralanu tamalo taamu vibhajinchukuni, vaatini dhvamsam chesukunnaru. eee bhaagam ephesus yuddham tarvaata eee pertian generals "ventane" edurudaadiki paalpaddaarani suuchistumdi. edemaina, dourisesnu muttadi chesinatlu herodotus varninchina nagaralu helespont meeda unnaayi, ivi (herodotus sonta lekka prakaram) ephesus tarvaata varaku tirugubaatulo paalgonaledu. anduvalla dourises, haimei mariyu otans tadupari prachara season (antey.ii., creepoo 497), edurudaadiki velle mundu. helespont mariyu carialo herodotus vivarinchina pertian charyalu oke samvatsaramlo unnatlu anipistundi, mariyu chaalaa mandhi vyaakhyaatalu vaatini cree puu 497 loe unchaaru.
cyprus.
cypresslo, amathus minaha anni rajyalu tirugubaatu chesaayi. cypriot tirugubaatuku nayakudu oncillus, salamis raaju gorgus sodarudu. gorgus tirugubaatu cheyalanukoledu, kabatti oncillus thana sodarudini nagaram nundi bayataku lock chesi tananu taanu rajuga chesukunnadu. gorgus parshiyanla vaddaku vellaadu, oncillus amaatuusiyanlatoe paatu itara cypriyatlanu tirugubaatu cheyadaaniki oppinchaadu. aaa taruvaata athanu amaatasnu muttadinchadaaniki sthirapaddaadu.
marusati samvatsaram (cree. puu. 497), oncillus (ippatikee amaatasnu muttadistunna), artibius aadhvaryamlo pertian dalaanni cypressku pampinatlu vinnadu. aaa vidhamgaa oncillus ioniacu dhoothalanu pampaadu, balagalanu pampamani vaarini koraadu, vaaru "goppa saktitoe" chesaru. oka pertian sainyam chivariki cyprus loe vachindi, dheeniki phoenitian naukaadalam maddatu ichindi. ionianlu samudramlo pooraadataaniki enchukunnaaru mariyu feenicianlanu oodinchaaru. salamis velupala ekakaala bhuu yuddhamlo, cypriots prarambha prayojanaanni pondaaru, artibiusnu champaru. ayithe, parshiyanlaku rendu dalaalu firayinchadam vaari kaaranaanni balaheenaparichindi, vaaru oodinchabaddaaru mariyu sooli raaju oncillus mariyu aristocyprus iddaroo champabaddaru. cyprus loe tirugubaatu eee vidhamgaa anachiveyabadindi mariyu ionianlu intiki prayaaninchaaru.
helespont mariyu propantis.
asea mainarlooni pertian dalaalu kristupurvam 497loe punarvyavastheekarinchabadinu telustondi, darius alludu, douris, hymeys mariyu otans anae mugguru moodu sainyalaku baadhyata vahinchaaru. eee sainikadhikarulu tirugubaatu bhoomulanu tama madhya vibhajinchukuni, aapai tama praantaalapai daadi cheyadaaniki bayaludaeraarani herodotus suuchimchaadu.
atipedda sainyanni kaligi unnatlu anipinche dourises, praarambhamlo thana sainyanni helespont vaddaku teesukuvellaadu. akkada, athanu kramapaddhatilo muttadi chesi, dardanus, abidos, perkot, lampsacus mariyu paysus nagaralanu swaadheenam chesukunnadu, prati okkati herodotus prakaram oke rojulo. ayithe, kaariyanlu tirugubaatu chestunnarani vinnapudu, eee kotta tirugubaatunu anichivesenduku thana sainyanni dakshinam vaipu kadilinchaadu. idhi carrian tirugubaatu samayanni cree puu 497 praarambhaaniki suuchistumdi.
haimayilu propantis vaddaku velli siyas nagaranni swaadheenam chesukunnaru. dourises thana dalaalanu karia vaipu taralinchina taruvaata, haimas helespont vaipu kavaatu chesi, aneka iolian nagaralanu alaage troudloni konni nagaralanu swaadheenam chesukunnadu. ayithe, athanu anaaroogyaaniki gurai maraninchaadu, thana pracharanni muginchaadu. intalo, otans, artferns thoo kalisi, ionialo pracharam chesindi (krinda chudandi).
karia (cree. puu. 496).
marciala yuddham.
kaariyanlu tirugubaatu chesaarani vinna dourises thana sainyanni dakshinaana kaariyaaloki nadipinchaadu. kaariyanlu miander yokka upanadi ayina marcias nadhi (aadhunika Çine) paie "tellani stambhaala" vadda gumigudaru. silicia raaju bandhuvu pixodorus, kaariyanlu nadini daati, tama venukabhaagamlo pooraadaalani suuchimchaaru, tadwara vaaru tirogamanaanni nivaarinchi, marinta dhairyamgaa poradela chestaaru. eee aalochana tiraskarinchabadindi mariyu kaariyanlu persianlanu vaaritho pooraadataaniki nadini datela chesaaru. herodotus prakaram, taruvaati yuddham sudeergha vyavaharam, chivariki pertian sankhyala baruvuku longipoye mundu kaariyanlu mondi pattudalatho poraadaaru. eee yuddhamlo 10,000 mandhi kaariyanlu mariyu 2,000 mandhi pertianlu maraninchaarani herodotus suuchimchaadu.
labrounda yuddham.
marcialo praanaalatoe bayatapadina vaaru labroundaloni geous yokka pavitra thotaku tirigi velli parshiyanlaku longipovala ledhaa puurtigaa asea nundi paripovala anie charchinchaaru. ayithe, charchinchetappudu, vaaritho oka myelian sainyam cherindi, mariyu eee balagaalato badulugaa poraatam konasaaginchadaaniki parishkarinchabadindi. pertianlu appudu labrounda vadda sainyampai daadi chesi, marinta bhaarii otamini chavichusaru, myelianlu mukhyamgaa ghoramaina praananastaanni chavichusaru.
pedasus yuddham.
kariyanlapai double vijayam saadhinchina taruvaata, dourises carrian balamaina praantaalanu tagginche panini praarambhinchindi. kaariyanlu pooraadaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru, mariyu pedasus gundaa rahadaaripai dourises kosam aakasmika daadi cheyaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru.
idhi dadapuga labrounda tarvaata sambhavinchindani herodotus suuchistumdi, ayithe taruvaati samvatsaram (cree. puu. 496) pedasus sambhavinchindani kooda soochinchabadindi, idhi kaariyanlaku tirigi samuuham kaavadaaniki samayanni istundi. pertianlu raatri samayamlo pedasus vaddaku cherukunnaru, mariyu aakasmika daadi goppa prabhavanni choopindi. pertian sainyam naasanam cheyabadindi mariyu dourises mariyu itara pertian commanderlu champabaddaru. pedasus vadda jarigina vipattu bhuu dandayaatralo pratishtambhananu srushtinchinatlu telustondi, mariyu cree. puu. 496 mariyu cree. puu. 495 loe marinta pracharam jaragaledu.
ionia.
moodava pertian sainyam, otans mariyu artferns aadhvaryamlo, ionia mariyu ayoliapai daadi chesindi. vaaru bahusha cree. puu. 497 loe clazomeni mariyu saimnu tirigi teesukunnaru, conny cree. puu. 496 mariyu 495 loe takkuva churukuga unnatlu anipistundi, bahusha carialo vipattu phalitamgaa.
pertian prati-daadi yokka sikharaagramlo, aristagorus, thana asamarthamaina sthaanaanni grahinchi, miletus mariyu tirugubaatu nayakudiga thana baadhyatalanu vadulukovalani nirnayinchukunnadu. athanu thanatho paatu vachhe thana vargamlooni sabhyulandaritho miltasnu vadili, cree puu 513 dandayaatra tarvaata darius hystiusku icchina thrace bhaagaaniki vellaadu. athani gurinchi pratikuula drukpathaanni kaligi unna herodotus, aristagorus thana naraanni kolpoyi paaripoyaadani suuchistaadu. kontamandi aadhunika charitrakaarulu athanu eee praantamlooni ekkuva sahaja vanarulanu dopidi cheyadaaniki, tadwara tirugubaatuku maddatu ivvadaaniki vellaadani suuchimchaaru. itarulu miletus loe antargata sangharshanaku kendramgaa tananu taanu kanugonnatlu, athanu paristhitini marinta teevrataram cheyadaaniki badulugaa bahishkaranaku vellaalani enchukunnaadani suuchimchaaru.
thracelo, athanu hystius sthaapinchina nagaramaina mircinus (taruvaati amphipolis yokka pradaesam) nuu swaadheenam chesukunnadu mariyu sthaanika thracian janaabhaaku vyatiraekamgaa pracharam praarambhinchaadu. ayithe, oka dandayaatralo, bahusha creepoo 497 ledhaa creepoo 496 loe, athanu thracianlache champabaddadu. tirugubaatuku oka uddesapurvaka bhavanni andinchagaligina vyakti aristagorus, conny athani maranam taruvaata tirugubaatu samarthavantamgaa naayakatvam lekunda migilipoyindi.
dheeni taruvaata koddikaalaanike, hystiusnu darius susaalo thana vidhula nundi vidudala chesi ioniacu pampaadu. ionianlu tama tirugubaatunu antam chestaanani vaagdaanam cheyadam dwara ioniacu vellanivvamani athanu dariusnu oppinchaadu. ayithe, pertialo paakshikamgaa bandeegaa unna thana nundi tappinchukovadame thana nijamaina lakshyam anadamlo etuvanti sandeham ledhu. athanu sardis loe vachinappudu, aristaferns neerugaa aristagorasto tirugubaatunu prerepinchaadani aropinchadu "hystius, eee vyaparam yokka nijam neenu meeku cheptanuh eee shooni kuttinadi neeve, daanini dharinchinadi aristagorus."hystius aaa raatri chiosku paaripoyi chivariki miletusku tirigi vellaadu. ayithe, oka nirankusuni vadilinchukunna taruvaata, myelianlu hystiusnu tirigi sweekarinche manasika sthithilo laeru. anduvalla athanu lesboselo unna mytileen vaddaku velli, ataniki enimidi triremlanu ivvamani lesbianlanu oppinchaadu. athanu tananu anusarinche vaarandarito byzantium kosam prayaaninchaadu. akkada athanu tananu taanu sthaapinchukunnaadu, bosporus gundaa prayaaninchadaaniki prayatninchina anni noukalanu swaadheenam chesukunnadu, vaaru ataniki seva cheyadaaniki angeekarinchakapothe.
tirugubaatu mugimpu (494-493 BC).
lade yuddham.
tirugubaatu aarava samvatsaram (cree. puu. 494) natiki pertian dalaalu tirigi ekam ayyayi. andubaatulo unna bhuu dalaalanu oke sainyamgaa sameekarinchaaru, eejiptu, silicianlu mariyu phoenitianlatho paatu tirigi longipoyina cypriots sarafara chesina naukaadalamthoo kalisi unnaaru. pertianlu neerugaa miletusku vellaaru, itara balamaina sthaavaraalapai peddagaa shraddha chuupaleedu, bahusha daani kendra binduvu vadda tirugubaatunu edurkovalane uddesamto unnaaru. greeku vyavaharalapai nipunudaina median general datisnu eee samayamlo darius khachitamgaa ioniacu pampaadu. anduvalla athanu eee pertian daadiki mottam meeda naayakatvam vahinchi undavacchu.
eee shakti yokka sameepinchadam gurinchi vinna ionianlu panionium vadda kalusukunnaru, mariyu bhoomipai pooraadataaniki prayatninchakudadani nirnayinchukunnaaru, vaari godalanu rakshinchadaaniki myelianlanu vadilivesaaru. badulugaa, vaaru "samudramlo miletus kosam pooraadataaniki", tamaku veelaina prati oodanu sekarinchi, miletus tiiraaniki dhooramgaa unna lade dveepam kosam tayaaru cheyaalani enchukunnaaru. ayoniyanlatho lesbose nundi iolian dveepavaasulu cheraaru, mariyu mottam meeda vaariki 353 triremlu unnaayi.
herodotus prakaram, pertian commanderlu taamu ionian naukaadalaanni odinchalemani, anduvalla, mailtasnu teesukolemani aandolana chendaaru. anduvalla vaaru bahishkarinchabadina ionian nirankusulanu laedku pampaaru, akkada prati okkaroo thana thoti pourulanu parshiyanlaku vidichipettamani oppinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru. eee vidhanam praarambhamlo viphalamaindi, conny yuddhaaniki mundu vaaram rojula aalasyamlo, ionian shibiramlo vibhajanalu talettaayi. eee vibhajanalu pertianlu andinche nibandhanalaku rahasyamgaa angeekarinchadaaniki daariteesaayi, conny prastutaaniki itara ayoniyanlathone undipoyaayi.
ventane, pertian naukaadalam ionionlapy daadi cheyadaaniki taralinchabadindi, vaaru vaarini kalavadaniki bayaludaeraaru. ayithe, irupakshaalu okadaanikokati daggaragaa undagaa, parshiyanlatho ekibhavinchinanduna, saamiyanlu tirigi saamosku prayaaninchaaru. lesbianlu, yuddha rekhalo tama poruguvaaru prayaaninchadam chuusi, ventane paaripoyaaru, deenivalla migilina ionian rekha karigipoyindi. itara nagaraala nundi vacchina chinna sankhyalo noukalathoo kalisi, chians mondi pattudalatho undi parshiyanlatho poraadaaru, conny chaalaa mandhi ionianlu tama nagaralaku paaripoyaaru. okanoka samayamlo pertian rekhanu vichchinnam chesi, aneka noukalanu swaadheenam chesukuni, conny tama sonta nashtalanu konasaagistuu, chivariki migilina chian noukalu prayaaninchi, yuddhanni muginchaayi.
miletus yokka patanam.
ionian naukaadalam otamitho, tirugubaatu samarthavantamgaa mugisindi. miletus daggaragaa pettubadi pettabadindi, pertianlu "godalanu tavvaaru mariyu daaniki vyatiraekamgaa prati parikaranni upayoginchaaru, vaaru daanini puurtigaa swaadheenam chesukune varaku". herodotus prakaram, chaalaa mandhi purushulu champabaddaru, mariyu mahilalu mariyu pillalu banisaluga cheyabaddaaru. puraavastu aadharalu dheenini paakshikamgaa dhruveekaristaayi, vistrutamaina vidhvamsam sankethaalanu chuuputaayi mariyu lade taruvaata nagaramlo ekkuva bhaagam vidichipettabadindi. ayithe, kontamandi myelianlu miletuslone undipoyaaru (ledhaa twaragaa tirigi vacchaaru), ayinappatikee nagaram daani puurvapu goppatanaanni tirigi pondaledu.
aaa vidhamgaa miletus oohaatmakamgaa "myelianla nundi khaliga vadiliveyabadindi"; pertianlu nagaranni mariyu teerapraanta bhoomini tama kosam teesukunnaru, mariyu migilina myelian bhoobhaganni pedasus nundi kaariyanlaku icchaaru. bandeegaa unna myelianlanu susaalooni darius mundu teesukuvacchaaru, vaaru vaarini pertian gulph teeramlo, tigris mukhadvaaraaniki sameepamlo "aampe" vadda sthirapaddaaru.
chaalaa mandhi saamiyanlu lade vadda tama sainikaadhikaarula charyalatho digbhraantiki gurayyaru, mariyu vaari paatha nirankusulaina saamola yokka saantiyutulu vaarini paripaalinchadaaniki tirigi rakamunde valasa vellaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru. vaaru sisily teeramlo sthirapadataaniki jankley prajala ahvaanaanni angeekarinchi, parshiyanla nundi tappinchukogaligina myelianlanu tamatho teesukellaaru. lade vadda samian firaayimpu kaaranamgaa pertianlu samosnu naasanam nundi tappinchukunnaaru. konni balamaina sthaavaraalanu balavantamgaa swaadheenam chesukovalasi vachinappatikee, chaalaa varaku karia ippudu parshiyanlaku longipoyindi.
hystius yokka pracharam (cree. puu. 493).
chios.
hystius miletus patanam gurinchi vinnapudu, athanu parshiyaku vyatiraekamgaa pratighatana nayakudiga tananu taanu niyaminchukunnatlu telustondi. thana lesbianla balamtho byzantium nundi bayaluderi, athanu chiosku prayaaninchaadu. chians aayananu sweekarinchadaaniki niraakarinchaaru, kabatti athanu chian naukaadalam yokka avasheshaalapai daadi chesi naasanam chesaadu. samudramlo rendu otamulato angavaikalyam chendina chians appudu hystius naayakatvaaniki angeekarinchaaru.
malen yuddham.
hystius ippudu pedda sankhyalo ionianlu mariyu ioleanlanu sameekarinchi thasosnu muttadinchadaaniki vellaadu. ayithe, migilina ioniapy daadi cheyadaaniki pertian naukaadalam miletus nundi bayaluderindani ataniki vaartalu vachayi, kabatti athanu ventane lesbosku tirigi vacchaadu. thana sainyanni pooshinchadaaniki, athanu attornius mariyu mayus sameepamloni pradhana bhuubhaagaaniki vaeta dandayaatralaku naayakatvam vahinchaadu. harpagus aadhvaryamlo oka pedda pertian dalam eee praantamloo undhi, chivariki malen sameepamlo oka metha dandayaatranu addukundi. taruvaati yuddham kathinamgaa saagindi, conny greeku vamsaanni oodinchi, vijayavantamaina pertian aswikadalam daadi dwara mugisindi. taanu darius nundi kshamaapanagaa maatlaadagalanani bhaavinchi hystius swayamgaa parshiyanlaku longipoyadu. ayithe, badulugaa atanni artferns vaddaku teesukellaaru, athanu hystius gatha droham gurinchi puurtigaa telusukuni, atanni uriteesi, aapai athani lepanam chesina talanu darius vaddaku pampaadu.
tudi karyakalapalu (cree. puu. 493).
pertian naukaadalam mariyu sainyam sheethaakaalamlo miletus vadda tirugubaatu yokka chivari mantalanu tolaginchadaaniki cree puu 493 loe bayaludere mundu. vaaru chios, lesbose mariyu tenedos deevulapai daadi chesi swaadheenam chesukunnaru. pratidaanipai, vaaru dalaala 'maanava-vala' nuu tayaaru chesi, daakkunna tirugubaatudaarulanu tarimikottadaaniki mottam dveepam antataa tudichipettaaru. aaa taruvaata vaaru pradhana bhuubhaagaaniki velli, migilina ayoniyaaloni prati nagaranni swaadheenam chesukunnaru, adevidhamgaa migilina tirugubaatudaarulanu vetukutunnaaru. ionia nagaralu nissandehamgaa aaa paryavasaanamlo badhapadinappatiki, evaruu miletus yokka vidhini anubhavinchinatlu anipinchadu. pertianlu prati nagaram nundi atyanta andamaina abbayilanu enchukuni vaarini napumsakatvaaniki gurichesi, atyanta andamaina ammayilanu enchukuni, vaarini raaju antahpuraaniki pampi, aapai nagaraala devaalayaalanu tagalabettaarani herodotus chepparu. idhi bahusha nijam ayinappatikee, herodotus kooda bahusha vidhvamsam sthaayini atisayokti chestaadu. konni samvatsaraalalo, nagaralu ekkuva ledhaa takkuva saadhaarana sthithiki tirigi vachayi mariyu kevalam 13 samvatsaraala taruvaata, greaspy rendava pertian dandayaatra kosam vaaru pedda naukaadalaanni sannaddham cheyagaligaaru.
pertian sainyam appudu propantis yokka asea vaipu unna sthaavaraalanu tirigi swaadheenam chesukundi, ayithe pertian naukaadalam helespont yokka european teeram varaku prayaaninchi, prati sthaavaraanni kramamga teesukundi. asea mainer mottam ippudu pertian palanaku tirigi raavadamtho, tirugubaatu chivaraku mugisindi.
paryavasanalu.
tirugubaatudaarulaku anivaarya siksha padina tarvaata, pertianlu sayodhyaku siddhamayyaru. eee praantaalu ippudu mallii pertian bhoobhagamgaa unnanduna, vaari aardhika vyavasthalaku marinta haani kaliginchadam ledhaa prajalanu marinta tirugubaatlaku nettadam ardhavantam kaaledu. aaa vidhamgaa artferns thana prajalatho aacharaneeyamaina sambandhaanni tirigi sthaapinchadaaniki bayaludaeraadu. ayana prati ionian nagaram nundi pratinidhulanu sardiilaku pilipinchi, ikapai, nirantaram tama madhya godavalu, godavalu kakunda, vivaadaalu madhyavartitvam dwara parishkarinchabadataayani, nyaayamuurtula brundam dwara parishkarinchabadataayani vaariki cheppadu. antekakunda, athanu prati nagaram yokka bhoomini tirigi survey chesi, daani parimaanaaniki anugunamgaa vaati kappam sthaayini nirnayinchaadu. ionianlu dourjanyaalanu enthagaa ishtapadaledu anedaaniki kooda artferns sakshyam vahinchi, ionia sthaanika paalanapai thana vaikharini punahpariseelinchadam praarambhinchaadu. marusati samvatsaram, darius yokka maroka alludu, mardonius, ioniacu velli, dourjanyaalanu raddu chesi, vaati sthaanamlo prajaasvaamyaalanu sthaapistaadu. artferns sthaapinchina shanti sudeerghakaalam nyayamga mariyu nyayamga gurthundipothundi. darius eee praantamlooni pertian prabhuvulanu greeku mataparamaina acharalalo, mukhyamgaa apololotho vyavaharinchae vaatilo palgonamani churukuga prothsahinchaadu. pertian mariyu greeku prabhuvulu parasparam vivaham chesukovadam praarambhinchaarani, pertian prabhuvula pillalaku pertian paerlaku badulugaa greeku paerlu pettaarani aaa kaalaaniki chendina recordulu suuchistunnaayi. darius yokka sayodhya vidhanalu greekula pradhana bhuubhaagaaniki vyatiraekamgaa oka rakamaina prachara pracharamga upayoginchabaddaayi, tadwara kristupurvam 491 loe, darius longipovalani (bhoomi mariyu neeru) demand chestu grease antataa heroldsnu pampinappudu, praarambhamlo chaalaa nagara-rashtraalu eee pratipaadananu angeekarinchaayi, athens mariyu sparta atyanta pramukha minahaayimpulu.
parshiyanlaku, cree. puu. 493 chivari natiki migili unna ekaika asampoornamaina pani tirugubaatuku maddatu icchinanduku athens mariyu eretriapai khachitamaina siksha vidhinchadam. ionian tirugubaatu darius saamrajyam yokka sthirathvaanni teevramgaa bedirinchindi, mariyu grease pradhana bhuubhaagamlooni rashtraalu parishkarinchakapothe aaa sthirathvaanni bediristuunee untaayi. aaa vidhamgaa darius athens mariyu eretria naasanamtho praarambhinchi greesnu puurtigaa jayinchadaanni gurinchi aalochinchadam praarambhinchaadu.
anduvalla, kristupurvam 492 loe greaspy modati pertian dandayaatra samarthavantamgaa praarambhamaindi, greesku bhoomini saantimpajeyadaaniki mariyu veelaithe athens mariyu eretriyaaku nettadaaniki mardoniusnu (ionia dwara) pampaaru. tirugubatla samayamlo pertian paalana nundi vidipoyina taruvaata, thrace tirigi longipoyindi, mariyu massidon pertia saamantudigaa maravalasi vachindi. ayithe, naukaadala vipattu kaaranamgaa purogati aagipoyindi. rendava dandayaatra creepoo 490loe satrap artferns kumarudu datis mariyu artferns aadhvaryamlo praarambhinchabadindi. eee ubhayachara shakti euboya nundi vachhe mundu cycladelanu longadeesukuni aegean meedugaa prayaaninchindi. eretria muttadi cheyabadindi, swaadheenam cheyabadindi mariyu naasanam cheyabadindi, mariyu aaa taruvaata aaa dalam atakapaiki kadilindi. marathon samudramlo digi, vaaru athenian sainyam chetha kalusukunnaru mariyu prasiddha marathon yuddhamlo odipoyaaru, greesnu longadeesukoovadaaniki modati pertian prayatnam mugisindi.
praamukhyata.
greeku-pertian yuddhaalalo prarambha adhyayam mariyu kaaranakartagaa ionian tirugubaatu pradhanamgaa praamukhyatanu kaligi undhi, indulo greeku-pertian yuddhalu, rendu dandayaatralu mariyu prasiddha marathon, thermopylay mariyu salamis yuddhalu unnaayi. ionian nagaralaku, tirugubaatu vaiphalyamtho mugisindi, mariyu bhouthika mariyu aardhika nashtalu rendintiloo gananeeyamgaa nashtapoyindi. ayithe, oka vaipu, vaaru saapekshamgaa twaragaa kolukunnaru mariyu taruvaati nalabhai samvatsaraala paatu pertian paalanalo abhivruddhi chendaaru. parshiyanlaku, greeku raashtraalato sudeergha sangharshanhaloki vaarini laagadamlo eee tirugubaatu mukhyamainadi, idhi yaabhai samvatsaraala paatu konasaagutundi, aaa samayamlo vaaru gananeeyamaina nashtalanu bharistaaru.
sainikaparamgaa, greekulu mariyu pertianlu okari gurinchi okaru neerchukunna (ledhaa neerchukookapoevachchu) vishayalanu tappa, ionian tirugubaatu nundi chaalaa teermaanaalanu teesukovadam kashtam. khachitamgaa, athenianlu, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa greekulu pertian aswikadalam yokka saktitoe aakattukunnatlu anipistundi, pertian aswikadalam edurkonnappudu greeku sainyalu taruvaati poraataalalo gananeeyamaina jaagrattanu pradarsinchaayi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, pertianlu bhaarii padaatidalamgaa greeku haplightla saamarthyaanni grahinchaledani ledhaa gamaninchaledani telustondi. kristupurvam 490 loe jarigina marathon yuddhamlo, pertianlu pradhanamgaa aasaavaada sainyanni peddagaa pattinchukoledu, phalitamgaa vaari otami jarigindi. antekakunda, tama domainla nundi bhaarii padaatidalaanni niyaminchukune avakaasam unnappatikee, pertianlu alaa cheyakunda rendava greeku dandayaatranu praarambhinchaaru, greeku sainyala eduta mallee pedda samasyalanu edurkonnaru. ephesus vadda greekulapai vaari vijayalu, adevidhamgaa marcius nadhi mariyu labrounda yuddhaalalo saayudha dalaala soulabhyam drishtya, pertianlu kevalam haplight falancs yokka sainika viluvanu-vaari kharchuku-vismarinchi undavacchu.
aristagorus mariyu hystius madhya adhikara poraatam gurinchi manville siddhaantam.
paschima disagaa vistaristunna pertia, daani sikharaagramlo unna shaastreeya grease madhya gharshanaku samaanamaina sanghatanalapai manaku unna uttama muulam herodotus vruttaantam. ayinappatikee, daani chitranalu tarachugaa takkuvagaa mariyu anischitamgaa ledhaa asampuurnamgaa untaayi. herodotus loe ionian tirugubaatu yokka pradhana anischitulalo okati, idhi modati sthaanamlo enduku sambhavinchindi.
eee kesunu venakki tirigi choosthe spashtamgaa kanipistundihi nagaralu mariyu bhuubhaagaala niyantrana kosam pertia helenlanu vyatirekinchindi. helenlu tama swechcha kosam poradavalasi vachindi ledhaa longipovalsi vachindi. rakshana mariyu bhaavajaalam yokka parigananalu oka paatra pooshinchinappatikii, eee bhouthika vastuvula vaanchaneeyata khachitamgaa aardhikamgaa undedi. sudeerghamgaa venakki tirigi chusina taruvaata, eee roeju saadhaaranamgaa aamodinchabadina uddeshaalu ivi.
herodotusku atuvanti uddeshaalu aevee teliyavu, ledhaa athanu alaa chesthe, athanu aaa sthaayilo charitranu vislaeshimchadaaniki pattinchukoledu. jedi manville thana vidhananni aristagorus mariyu hystius vanti aatagallaku "vyaktigata prerana" gaa paerkonnaadu. athani drushtilo, herodotus "vyaktigata prerananu oka kaaranamgaa atigaa nokkicheppinatlu anipinchavacchu", conny athanu nijamgaa alaa cheyadu. vislaeshanhaatmaka spashtata lekapovadam valla manam herodotusnu tappugaa cheppali ledhaa herodotus asampoorna vivaranalu ichhe charyalaku chaaritraka sandarbhamlo viswasaneeya kaaranaalanu kanugonadaaniki prayatninchaali.
vivarinchaleni pradaesaalu herodotus telusukoleni rahasya drushtaamtamlo sanghatanalanu gurtistaayani manville suuchimchaadu, conny athanu tanaku telisina vaatini nammakamgaa namodu chestaadu. chaaritraka navala rachayitalu tarachugaa upayoginche saanketikata ayina punahvyakhyanam mariyu oohagaanaala dwara rahasya charitranu punarnirminchadam charitrakaarudi baadhyata. manville dheenini charitragaa munduku teesukuvelutundi.
pradhana aatagallanu herodotus sahajamgaa kapatamgaa chitreekarinchaaru. vaariki ellappuduu oka venuka uddesyam untundi, daanini vaaru oppinche abaddhaala venuka daachadaaniki chaalaa varaku velataaru. anduvalla aristagorus ledhaa hystius swechcha kosam poradatam ledhu, vaaru sahakarinchadam ledhaa sahakarinchadam ledhu. prati okkariki duraasa, aasayam ledhaa bhayaniki sambandhinchina vyaktigata uddesyam untundi. manville anischitulanu oohaatmaka uddesyaalato nimputundi. aaa vidhamgaa athanu, bahusha thana aavishkaranaku takkuva vishwasaneeyathatho, aristagorus mariyu hystius madhya aadhipatyam kosam teravenuka poraatam vadda vastaadu. vaarini pratyarthulugaa ledhaa satruvulugaa kooda varninchavachhu. vaadanalooni konni mukhya amsaalu eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaayi.
hystius darius sevaku dhooramgaa unnappudu, aristagorus athani sthaanamlo miletus deputyga vyavaharinchaadu, akkada, athanu thana swantha adhikaranni bhadraparachukovadaaniki krushi chesaadani vaadinchabadindi. deputy anae padaaniki epitropos anae padam undhi, idhi naxian deputation vachinappudu ayana. naukaadalam naxola kosam bayaludere samayaniki, aristagorus tananu taanu "miltus yokka nirankusa" gaa padoonnati pondaadu.athanu hystius anumati adigado ledhaa hystaeus chetha pracharam cheyabaddado anae spashtamaina prakatana ledhu. badulugaa, aristagorus hystius patla asuyapade artferns vaipu tirigaadu. goppa raajunu sampradinchakundaa artferns kadaladam ledani, greeku vyavaharalapai athani salahaadaaru hystius anae vishayam nijam. edemaina, goppa raaju salahaadaaru salaha ivvaledani matrame kakunda, thana sonta atikramana gurinchi cheekatilo unchabaddaadani bhaavinchi, myaan ville aristagorus chesina tirugubaatunu chustadu.
dandayaatra viphalamainappudu, hystius thana pacchabottu vesina banisanu aristagorasku pampaadu, tirugubaatuku prothsaahakamgaa kaadu, conny oka antima heccharikagaa. herodotus vadilipettina antaraanni puurimchadaaniki manville oka antarleena viluva vyavasthanu andistundihi tirugubaatu entha oohinchalenidi, hystius thana pratyarthi yokka kalpanalanu tirigi vaastavikataku teesukuraavacchu, athanu alaa chestaadani soochinchadam dwara, oka vidhamaina "munduku saagandi, aatmahatya chesukondi".hystius, manville oohagaanaalalo, aristagorasnu thana palananu vadulukovalani ledhaa parinaamaalanu anubhavinchaalani aadesinchaadu. spashtamgaa, raaju atanni cheekatilo unchaledu. nammakamaina hystiusnu tirigi adhikaaramloki teesukuraavadam dwara raaju tirugubaatunu enduku anichiveyakapoyado oohinchadaaniki manville manalni vadilivestaadu.
ayithe, eee samayamlo hystius inca susalone undalsi vachindi, athani bedirimpu unnappatikee, aristagorus tirugubaatu chesthe athanu aemee cheyalekapoyadu. idhi adhikaram pondadaaniki tanaku chivari avakaasam anie grahinchina aristagorus hystius bedirimpu unnappatikee tirugubaatunu praarambhinchaadu. idhi manville paatakulaku aascharyam kaligistundi, endukante tirugubaatu dwara aayanaku appatike adhikaram undani memu bhaavinchaamu. paina perkonna vairudhyaanni manville gamaninchaaru, kuleenulu daurjanyam vidichipetti, inca itara nagaraalapai prajaswaamyaanni balavantam cheyagaligaaru mariyu aayanaku vidheyata choopinchagaligaaru. ippatike tolaginchabaddaarani memu bhaavinchina hystiusnu tolaginche vyuuhaanni eee vairudhyamlo chuudaali.
duraakramanadaarudini tolaginchi, miletus vadda thana saktini tirigi pondadaaniki artfernsto pottu pettukoovadaaniki hystius chesina prayatnaaniki eee katha velutundi. aristagorasto bahiranga yuddhamlo palgonnappatiki, artferns niraakarinchaadu. myaan ville cheppina kathalo herodotus sambandhita sanghatanalu unnaayi, dheeniki thodugaa myaan ville yokka ooha nundi vacchina sanghatanalu kaanivi unnaayi.
thalasocracyla madhya shakti samatulyata gurinchi myres siddhaantam.
raani victoria paalanalo praarambhamaina mariyu 1954 varaku mugiyani shaastreeya puraavastu shaastravetta mariyu panditudu zaan myres, orther evans yokka sannihita snehitudu mariyu sahacharudu, mariyu british saamrajyam yokka atyuttama nigha adhikari, ionian tirugubaatu siddhaantaanni abhivruddhi chesaaru, idhi saamrajyam yokka stock raajakeeya abhiprayalu, shakti samatulyata mariyu shakti shoonyata paramgaa vivaristundi. ippatikee saadhaaranamgaa telisina aaa abhiprayalu, pootii bhougolika raajakeeya saktulache niyantrinchabade praantamloo saantini kanugonaalani nokki chebutunnayi, veetilo edhee itarulanu odinchenta balamgaa ledhu. edainaa kaaranam valla jabita nundi oka shakti padipothe, appudu oka "vacuum" untundi, idhi santulanam tirigi sardubaatu ayye varaku himsaatmaka pooteeki kaaranamavutundi.
1906 naati oka keelaka vyaasamlo, evans nososnu tavvutunnappudu, british jokyam kaaranamgaa ottoman saamrajyam kreetnu kolpoyindi, mariyu "eurup yokka anaarogya vyakti" prasnalanu anni saktulu pariseelistunnaayi. viphalamaina ottoman saamrajyam mariyu adhi padipoyinappudu migili unde shakti shoonyatanu prastaavistuu, yuva myres shaastreeya kaalamlo thoorpu madhyadharaalo "samudra shakti" anie piliche samatulyatanu adhyayanam chestu oka kathanaanni prachurinchaadu. samudra-shakti" anae padam athani "talasokrasi" nii nirvachinchadaaniki uddesinchabadindi.anie.
aaa kaalamlo myres samudra saktini pratyekinchi british konamlo upayoginchevaaru. alfred thaayar mahan yokka goppa vyuuhaatmaka rachana, "charitrapai samudra shakti prabhavam" loe vyakteekarinchabadina samudra shakti gurinchi americanlu tama swantha aalochananu kaligi unnaaru. idhi saktivantamaina naavikaadalaanni nirvahinchaalani mariyu "samudram yokka aadesam" vanti vyuuhaatmaka prayojanaala kosam upayoginchaalani, oka rakamaina aadhipatyaanni samardhinchindi. united states navika academy eee ardhaanni daani ninaadam, "ex scientia tridense", "ghnaanam dwara samudra shakti kosam upayoginchindi.daani bhavanaalalo okadaaniki mahan haall anie paeru pettindi.
myres yokka "samudra-shakti" mariyu thalasocracy yokka ardham chaalaa bhinnamgaa untundi, antey "samudraala paalana".tridense" kuu viruddhamgaa, samudraala paalana anedi pitruswamya vyavastha kaadu, conny prajaasvaamya vyavastha. ekkada paalakulu unnaro, akkada palakuluntaru. oka rakamaina pratyekata antey, niyamam prakaram, britania!. pratyaekamgaa, oka talasokrasilo, palakudi naukaadalaalu vaaru korukunna chotiki velli, vaaru korukunna vidhamgaa cheyavachu, conny palakudu ekkadiki velli palakudi spashtamaina anumati lekunda etuvanti operationlo paalgonakapovacchu. meeru paalinchina jalaallo undataaniki meeku licenses avasaram, mariyu mea vadda lekapothe, mea noukalapai daadi chesi naasanam chestaaru. chushaka shoot cheyandi" anedi vidhanam. anduvalla kartajinian noukalu tama jalaallo edainaa oodanu munchivesaayi.
thalasocracyla jabita.
19va sataabdam chivaralo siddhaantaalalo thalasocracy anedi oka kotta padam, dheeni nundi kondaru idhi aaa kaalamlooni vidvaamsula aavishkarana anie nirdhaarinchaaru. idhi chaalaa nirdishtamaina shaastreeya patram nundi telisina oka padam yokka punarutthaanam, dheenini myres "thalasocracyla jabita" anie pilustaadu.idhi 4va sataabdam praarambhamlo sijeriya maritima bishop ayina eusebius yokka chronicon loe sambhavistundi, idhi ippudu ijrayello unna sidhilaalu. eusebiuslo, jabita oka pratyeka kalakramam. 4va sataabdapu vedanti mariyu charitrakaarudu, valagate srushtikarta ayina gerom, laatinloki anuvadinchabadina adhe amsaalanu prapancha sanghatanala thana vruttaamtamloo panchukunnaru. eee vastuvulalo "samudra saktini kaligi undaka", "samudraanni pondina", "kathinamgaa cheppalante", gurrapu gurram "anae padaalu untaayi, ayithe taruvaati ardham phalitamgaa suuchimchabadavachchu. gerom eusebius kalakramanni upayoginchinatle, eusebius kristupurvam 1va sataabdapu charitrakaarudu roads yokka caster kalakramanni upayoginchaadu. athani rachanalu puurtigaa poyayi, athani thalasocracyla jaabitaato sahaa sakalaalu tappa. veyyi samvatsaraala taruvaata, byzantine sanyasi georg syncellus kooda thana bhaarii "kalakramam yokka saaraamsam" loe jabita nundi amsaalanu upayoginchaadu.
satabdaalugaa ageanlo samudra-shakti gurinchi eee suuchanalannii oke patram nundi vachayani grahinchadam perigindi, eee vanaru ippudu daanipai aadhaarapadina vaari sakalaalalo pratibimbistumdi. sii bansen, dheeni anuvaadakudu thalasocracyni upayoginchina modativaarilo okaru, 1771loe prachurinchabadina 1769loe rachinchina oka chinna rachanalo german panditudu christian gottlob heynku daani aavishkaranaku aapaadinchaaru, eusebius chronicon aaa samayamlo perkonna iddaru rachayithalalo sakalaala dwara matrame telisinanduna, hayen vaari greeku mariyu laatinlo jaabitaanu punarnirminchaaru (asaadhaarana khachitatvamto), vyaasam yokka mottam sheershika "suupar castoris epochis papuloram thalatocrateson hetch.ii. (tatkalikamga) kvi imperium maris tenuis decontoor, "thalatocratising prajala caster yugaala gurinchi; antey, samudrampai saamrajyaanni kaligi unnaarani cheppabade vaaru.thalattocratise antey" samudraanni paripaalinchadam ", balamaina naavikaadalamtoe unna itara manchi vyaktula maadirigaa samudra saktini kaligi undatam kaadu. oka desham laaga neeti domainpai thalattocratizer aadhipatyaanni kaligi undhi, idhi atuvanti prajalu samudraanni elaa "pondavacchu" mariyu "kaligi undavacchu" anie vivaristundi. anduvalla samarpinchina jabita varusa pratyeka domainlalo okati. yea iddaru prajalu oke domaine kaligi undaleru ledhaa daanipai palananu panchukoleru, ayinappatikee vaaru mitraraajyaalaku chellinchadaaniki ketaayinchina hakku ayina thalasocrat adhikaaramlo panicheyavacchu.
bansen prakaram, eusebius chronicon yokka armenian version yokka aavishkarana mariyu anuvaadam thalasocracy kosam anveshana yokka swabhaavaanni maarchindi. idhi asalu patraanni andinchindi, conny idhi vaastavaaniki "diodorus yokka saaraamsam nundi oka saram" anie oka niraakarana jatacheyabadindi, antey cree. puu. 1 va sataabdapu charitrakaarudu diodorus seculus anie ardham. diodorus paniloo aaa bhaagam lenanduna, niraakarana dhruvikarinchabadadu, ayithe, idhi maroka prasnaku vaadananu terustundihi eusebius diodorus nundi praamaanika muulaanni coppy cheyagaligithe, diodorus daanini marokari nundi enduku coppy cheyalekapoyindi?
eee samayamlone myres vaadananu ettukuntaadu. taramgaalanu paripaalinchandi" anie ardham vachhe talasokratisai, aneka mandhi rachayithalalo upayoginchabadindani perkontu diodorus, polybius, kristupurvam 2va sataabdapu charitrakaarudu, carthage, strabo, kristupurvam 1va sataabdapu bhougolika shaastravetta mariyu marikondaru, muulam patram vaarandarikee andubaatulo undavacchani ayana bhaavistaaru (conny tappanisarigaa kaadu, jagrattagaa unna naa myres etthi chuupaaru). eee patraanni daani vishayaala aadhaaramgaa thedhee cheyavachuhu troy patanam taruvaata lydian nundi agineton varaku vistarinchina 17 thalasocracyla jabita, idhi cree puu 480 loe ethenlaku adhikaranni appaginchadamtho mugisindi. salamis yuddhamlo 200 kotta athenian triremlu mariyu daani kotta mitradesamaina ezhina yokka anni noukalu unnaayi. vividha tirugubaatlu jariginappatikee, ezhina kotta athenian talasokrasi yokka saamraajya oppandam ayina delian leaglo bhaagamgaa maarindi. creepoo 432 taruvaata thucidides dheeni gurinchi vrasadu, kaani creepoo 444 natiki ethensnu sandarsinchina herodotus.sii.daani gurinchi aemee teliyadu. eusebian jabita kosam eee taatkaalika thedhee herodotus upayoginchina munupati saaruupya patram yokka avakaasaanni minahaayinchadu.
jabita yokka myres chaaritraka punarnirmaanam.
jabita yokka vividha samskaranalloni thalasocracyla kramam dadapuga nirnayinchabadindi, conny teedeelaku gananeeyamaina sardubaatu avasaram, idhi ataniki andubaatulo unna anni chaaritraka vanarula dwara punaruddarinchadaaniki myres sett chestundi. athanu konni antaraalanu kanugontaadu. jaabitaalo atyanta drudamaina bhaagam ionian tirugubaatunu suuchistumdi. myelysian thalasocracy 604-585 BC naatidi. idhi lydian saamraajya sthaapakudu lydiaku chendina alliots chetha mugisindi, athanu kooda medesku vyatiraekamgaa poraadaadu. kristupurvam 585 loe jarigina hollies nadhi yuddhamlo thales grahanam dwara taruvaati poraatam mugisindi, appudu pooraatakaarulu eee drugvishayaanni oka chihnamgaa ardham chesukuni saantini nelakolpaaru. lydianlu ippudu mailtasnu aann cheyadaaniki swechchagaa unnaaru, vaaru daanini taruvaati 11 samvatsaraalu tagginchaaru. pertianlu lydianu 547/546 loe jayinchinappudu vaaru ionian nagaralanu swaadheenam chesukunnaru.
creepoo 585 taruvaata jaabitaalo antaram undhi. lesbose mariyu okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva teliyani thaalaaskraatlu samudraanni teliyani kramamlo unchaaru. creepoo 577loe fokia yokka thalasocracy praarambhamaindi. daani anatolian panjaram nundi bayatapadi, idhi marcelles mariyu speyin mariyu italeelooni nagaralanu sthaapinchindi, carthage mariyu anni itara pratyarthula nundi oka domaine dhooram chesindi. pertianlu pannulu vasoolu cheyamani aadesinchina, conny tirugubaatu sainyanni penchadaaniki vaatini upayoginchina lydian oppandaala tirugubaatulo, pertianlu ionian nagaraalapai daadi chesinappudu vaari talasokrasi mugisindi. kristupurvam 534 loe phokeyalu phokeyanu vidichipetti, chaalaa saahasaala taruvaata paschimaana sthirapaddaaru.
samos yokka talasokrasi akkada nirankusulaina polycretla vruttini vistarinchi undhi. nirankusuni teedeelu kontha anischitamgaa mariyu maarutuu untaayi, conny creepoo 534 kii mundu kontha samayamlo, athanu mariyu athani sodarulu samos vadda oka panduga samayamlo tirugubaatu chesaaru. saamolalo penteconterla pedda naavikaadalam undedi. ooda collectorga maari, porugu dveepaalannintipai daadi chesi, anachivesi, vaati noukalanu thana naukaadalaaniki jodinchaadu. chivaraku athanu tririm anae kotta modalnu jodinchaadu. kristupurvam 517 loe athani paalana mugisindi, avakaasaala gurinchi charcha kosam snehapoorvaka vinduku goppa raaju ahvaanaanni sweekarinchi, athanu akasmaattugaa hatya cheyabaddaadu. avakaasaalu laevu.
ayithe, athanu haajaru kakudadani nirnayinchukunte, athanu emainappatiki sikshimpabaddaadu. athani trividha dalaala naayakulalo kondaru, adhikaarika vyaparamlo unnappudu eejiptu pramukhulu vaarini hatya cheyinchataaniki athanu chesina mosapurita kutra gurinchi telusukuni, sahayam adagadaniki spartaku prayaaninchaaru, adhi vaariki labhinchindi. saahasopeta yuva raaju, cleomens I, paalikretlanu champe ibbandi nundi tappinchukunnadu, conny emainappatiki saamosku dandayaatraku naayakatvam vahinchaadu, rendu samvatsaraalu thalasocracyni teesukunnadu, 517-515. saahasopeta mariyu samudrapu dongatanam sparton prajalachae aamodinchabadina karyakalapalu kaavu, vaaru atanni picchivaadani tagg chesi, athanu intiki raavaalani pattubattaru. samudram ippudu naksolaku andubaatulo undhi, 515-505.
aadhunika saahityamlo.
gor vaidal thana chaaritraka navala "creation" loe ionian tirugubaatunu vivarinchaadu, idhi pertian konam nundi sanghatanalanu pradarsistundi. ionian tirugubaatu greekulaku grahinchani suduura phalitaalanu kaligi undavacchani vaidal suuchistumdi, antey.ii.darius raaju bhaaratadesamlo vistrutamaina vijaya dandayaatranu aalochinchi, daani raajyaala sampadanu aasinchi, parshiyanlaku vaari saamrajyam yokka paschima bhaagamlo vaari sainika vanarulu avasaram unnanduna eee bharatiya dandayaatra raddu cheyabadindani,

