
olduvaay siddhaantam

prastuta paarisraamika nagarikata 1930 nundi lekkinchina garishta vyavadhi vanda samvatsaraalu untundani olduvaay siddhaantam perkondi. 2030 nundi, manavjati kramamga gatamlo anubhavinchina vaatitho polchadagina nagarikata sthaayiki tirigi vastundi, vaeta aadhaarita samskrutilo sumaru veyyi samvatsaraalu (3000 AD) loe mugustundi, udaaharanaku moodu million samvatsaraala kritam bhoomipai unikilo unnappudu, pathavovan parisrama abhivruddhi chendindi; anduvalla eee siddhaantam paeru, richard sii munduku tecchindi. dunken shakti vanarulanu nirvahinchadamlo thana anubhavam mariyu puraavastu shaastram patla thana prema aadhaaramgaa.
modata, eee siddhaantaanni 1989loe "pulls-transient theory" paerutoe pratipaadinchaaru. tadanantaram, 1996loe, daani prastuta paeru prasiddha puraavastu pradaesam nundi prerana pondhi sweekarinchabadindi, conny aaa siddhaantam aaa pradaesamloe sekarinchina detapai yea vidhamgaanuu aadhaarapadadu. richard sii. dunken thana modati kaagitam roopondinappati nundi vividha paaraamitulu mariyu anchanaalatho aneka samskaranalanu prachurinchaadu, idhi vimarsalaku mariyu vivaadaaniki muulamgaa undhi.
2007loe, dunken dayta pariseelana aadhaaramgaa aidu postulatelanu nirvachinchaaruh
2009loe, athanu mallii oka naveekarananu prachurinchaadu, idhi prapancha talasari indhana viniyogaaniki sambandhinchina pratipaadananu, gatamlo athanu united statesto matrame polchinappudu, abhivruddhi chendutunna aardhika vyavasthala paatranu taggistuu, tirigi prachurinchaadu.
pedro eah vanti vividha vyaktulu. prieto, eee mariyu vipattu patanam ledhaa "dye-off" yokka itara siddhaantaala aadhaaramgaa, vividha teedeelu mariyu saamaajika sanghatanalatho sambhaavya drushyaalanu roopondinchaayi. marovaipu, richard heinberg ledhaa jared diamond vanti prajala samuuham undhi, vaaru saamaajika patanaanni kooda vishwasistaaru, conny nirantara sankshemamtho ksheenata sambhavinche marinta paropakari paristhitula avakaasaanni ippatikee drushyamaanam chestaaru.
valasa udyamaala samasyanu edurkontunna vidhanam mariyu daani kathanaalanu prachurinchina prachurana samstha yokka saiddhaantika dhorani, "saamaajika oppanda patrika", idhi valasa vyatiraeka charyalu mariyu janana niyantranaku maddatudaarugaa unnanduna eee siddhaantam vimarsinchabadindi. carnucopianlu, sahaja vanarula aadhaarita aardhika vyavastha, paryaavaranavaada sthaanaala nyaayavaadulu mariyu vividha deshaala sthaanaalu vanti vidhaanaalaku viruddhamgaa prati vaadana aadharalu mariyu vibhina siddhaantaalapai pradhana vimarsalu unnaayi, atuvanti vaadanalaku sthiramaina aadharaanni sthaapinchadamlo kooda viphalamavutaayi.
charitra.
richard sii. dunken 1989loe "paarisraamika nagarikata yokka pulls-transient siddhaantam" anae sheershikato olduvaay siddhaantaanni modatisaari pratipaadinchina rachayita."taruvaata eee siddhaantam 1993loe" "paarisraamika nagarikata yokka jeevita-nireekshanah prapancha samatulyataku ksheenata" "anae vyaasamtho anubandhinchabadindi"."
juun 1996loe, dunken "dhi olduvaay theory falling tuu eah post-industrial stone-age eraa" anae sheershikato oka kaagitaanni samarpinchaaru, munupati paniloo upayoginchina "pulls-transient theory" sthaanamlo "olduvaay theory" anae padaanni sweekarinchaaru. dunken 2000 november 13naa geological society off america 2000 symposium sammitlo "prapancha chamuru utpatti sikharam mariyu olduvaay loyaku rahadari" anae paerutoe thana siddhaantam yokka marinta naveekarinchabadina samskarananu prachurinchaadu. 2005loe, dunken thana siddhaantamlo unna daetaanu 2003 varaku "dhi olduvaay theory energy, population und industrial civilisation" anae vyaasamlo vistarinchaadu."
vivarana.
olduvaay siddhaantam anedi pradhanamgaa garishta chamuru siddhaantam mariyu chamuru yokka talasari shakti digubadi meeda aadhaarapadina namuunaa. oohinchadagina ksheenata nepathyamlo, shakti viniyogam mariyu prapancha janabha perugudala raetu 20va sataabdam maadirigaa undakudadani idhi sthaapistundi.
vaerugaa cheppalante, olduvaay siddhaantam jeevana padaartha naanhyata (mqol) yokka perugudala mariyu patanam dwara nirvachinchabadindi, idhi utpatti, upayogam mariyu shakti vanarula viniyogam (e) perugudala madhya perugudala ledhaa taggudala phalitamgaa vachhe retunu kaligi untundi. 1954 nundi 1979 varaku aaa raetu etaa 2.8 saatam perigindi, aaa thedhee nundi 2000 varaku idhi samvatsaraaniki 0.2 saatam perigindi. 2000 nundi 2007 varaku abhivruddhi chendutunna aardhika vyavasthala abhivruddhi kaaranamgaa idhi mallee ghaataanka retutho perigindi.
2000 kii mundu rachanalalo, richard sii. 1979loe talasari shakti viniyogam garishta sthaayiki cherukovadanni nagarikata sikharamgaa dunken pariganinchaaru. prastutam, abhivruddhi chendutunna aardhika vyavasthala 2000 nundi vruddhi kaaranamgaa, 2010 nuu talasari garishta shakti teedeegaa ayana pariganistunnaaru. conny aaa sardubaatu unnappatikee, 2030loe talasari shakti utpatti raetu 1930 maadirigaane untundani, aaa teedeeni prastuta nagarikata mugimpugaa pariganistuu ayana vaadistuunae unnaaru.
kuppakuuladaaniki modati nammadagina sankethaalu abhivruddhi chendina prapanchamlo vistrutamaina blockavutla shrenini kaligi unde avakaasam undani siddhaantam vaadistundi. vidyut shakti mariyu shilaja indhanaala koratato, neti nagarikata nundi paarisraamika puurva yuganiki daggaragaa unna paristhitiki parivartana untundi. aaa patanam taruvaata jarigina sanghatanalalo saanketika sthaayi chivariki sumaru moodu vaela samvatsaraalalo cheekati yugaala sthaayi nundi raathi yugamlo gamaninchina sthaayiki maarutundani ayana vaadinchaaru.
eee krindi vaastavaalato kuudina thana siddhaantam yokka dayta suutreekaranaku dunken oka aadhaaramgaa teesukuntaduh
dunken prakaram, eee siddhaantaaniki aidu siddhaantaalu unnaih
siddhaantam yokka suutreekaranaku aadharalu.
mosukelle saamarthyam parimiti mariyu janabha visphotanam.
deerghakaalamlo chamuru laeni bhoomi yokka nijamaina saamarthyam 500 nundi 2000 millionla madhya untundani, idhi choukaina chamuru kaaranamgaa krutrima sankshema budaga kaaranamgaa moodu kaarakaala dwara adhigaminchabadindani ayana paerkonnaadu. bhoomi yokka homeostatic santulanam garishtamgaa 2 billionla mandhi unnanduna, kaneesam 4 billionla mandhi prajalu chamuru ayipovadamtho vyavastha dwara niyantrinchabadaru, phalitamgaa pedda maranaala raetu erpadutundani ayana vaadinchaaru.
1800 kii mundu prapancha janabha 500 mariyu 1000 samvatsaraala madhya retutho rettimpu avtondi, aaa thedhee natiki prapancha janabha kevalam 1 billion kante takkuvagaa undhi. modati paarisraamika viplavam mariyu valasavaadamtoe, paaschaatya prapanchamlo janabha kevalam 100 samvatsaraalalo rettimpu kavadam praarambhamaindi, migilina prapanchamlooni janabha 1900 natiki 1550 millionla nivaasitulatoe, taruvaata ventane, rendava paarisraamika viplavamtho prapancham 100 samvatsaraala kante takkuva retutho rettimpu kavadam praarambhinchindi, mariyu chamuru utpatti mariyu digital viplavamtho idhi 50 samvatsaraala retutho rettimpu ayyindi, 1950loe 2.4 billionla mandhi nundi 2000loe 6070 millionlaku cherukundi.
eee siddhaantam bhoomi yokka nikara bhaaram atuvanti vruddhi retunu anumatinchadani anchanaa veyadame kakunda, 1925 taruvaata daani janabha ippatike daani saamarthyaanni minchipoyindani anchanaa vesindi. tadwara akasmaattugaa prapancha aardhika ksheenata mariyu 2015 loe 6900 millionla (vimarsala vibhaganni chudandi) garishta sthaayiki cherukovadamto 2012 loe janabha mandaginche apocalyptic drushtaamtaanni chudavachu, mariyu charitralo mallee eee sthaayiki peragadu, yea samayamloonainaa (1:1), sumaru 2017 ledhaa antha samvatsaraaniki janminchinanta maranaalu unnaayi. aaa taruvaata maranaala sankhya jananaala sankhyanu minchipotundi (1:1) mariyu prapancha janabha natakeeyamgaa 2020 chivari natiki sumaru 6.8 billionla mandhi, 2025 natiki 6500 millionlu, 2027 natiki 5260 millionlu, 2030 natiki 4600 millionlu (5 samvatsaraalalo 1800 mariyu 2000 millionla madhya taggudala), 2050 mariyu 2100 samvatsaraala madhya kaalamlo maanavula sankhya 2000 mariyu 500 millionla nivaasula madhya sthiramgaa unde varaku, taggadam praarambhistundi.
dunken thana pustakam "dhi limits tuu groth" loe thana siddhaantam yokka anchanaanu dennis medosto polchadu. 2015loe garishta janabha 6.9 biliyanlu untundani dunken anchanaa vestundagaa, 2027loe garishta janabha 7.47 biliyanlu untundani pacchika bayallu anchanaa vaestunnaayi. adanamgaa, dunken 2050 natiki 2000 millionla nivaasulanu matrame anchanaa vestundi, ayithe 2050 natiki 6450 millionla nivaasulanu anchanaa vestundi.
olduvaay siddhaantam maadirigaane itara anchanaalu janabha samvatsaram podavunaa 7100 mariyu 8000 millionla nivaasula madhya sankhyaku cherukuntundani anchanaa vestaayi, aaa taruvaata janabha adhe retutho taggutundani, idhi samaruupata gala gassian gantanu vivarinche paraakaashtaku mundu perigindi.
paarisraamika kaalamlo paryaavarana vyavasthalaku kalige nashtam sthaayi (kalushyam, maarpulu mariyu paryaavarana vyavasthala ksheenata, atyanta kalushyam mariyu deerghakaalika vyardhaalu mariyu vatiki saadhyamaina pootii kaaranamgaa vanarulanu naasanam cheyadam), pratyaamnaaya saanketika parignaanaalu ledhaa chamuru pratyaamnaayaala abhivruddhi mariyu migilina janabha manugadanu sthiramaina paddhatiloo anumatinchagala ghnaanam yokka uniki (paarisraamika viplavaniki mundu saampradaaya jeevana vidhaanaalanu rakshinchadam vantivi) vanti rendu kaarakaala dwara bhoomi yokka mosukelle saamarthyaanni nirvachinchabadutundani paal chefurka vanti panditulu etthi chuupaaru.
aakarshana suutram.
eee praatipadikanu roopondinchadam, sanklishta saamaajika vyavasthala dynamics paie jay doubleu chesina krushiki maddatu ichindi. talasari sahaja vanarulu mariyu jeevana pramaanaala chararaasulu talasari indhana utpatti ayina chamuruku lobadi untaayani forrester pratipaadinchaaru. eee suutram aakarshana anedi deshaala madhya bhouthika jeevana pramaanaalalo vyatyaasam anie perkondi. eee vidhamgaa 2005loe america samyukta raashtraala bhouthika jeevana pramaanaalu talasari 57.7 byaarella chamuru samaanamaina (boow) gaa undagaa, migilina prapanchamlooni bhouthika jeevana pramaanaalu talasari 9.8 boow unnaayi, talasari viniyogamlo 47.9 boow samaanamaina vyatyaasam undhi. maroe vidhamgaa cheppalante, jeevanasaili mariyu viniyogamlo bhaarii vyatyaasam valasadaarulaku aakarshanheeyamgaa maarutundi.
kotta valasadaarudu, aaa samaajamloki vacchina tarvaata, adhe viniyogadaarula jeevanasailini avalambistaadu, aaa vyavasthanu marinta ekkuvagaa teesukuntaadu. valasalu entha ekkuvagaa unnayo, aakarshanheeyamaina desham yokka bhouthika jeevana pramaanaalalo thedaalu aaa desham prapancha bhouthika jeevana pramaanaalaku cherukune varaku samaana prakriyaloo taggutayani dunken vaadinchaaru.
eee pratipaadana ippatike prapanchamlooni aneka praantaalalo vimarsinchabadindi, endukante sarihaddulanu moosiveyaalani dunken suuchimchinappatikii, eee aakarshanheeyamaina deshaala viniyogadaarula mariyu dopidi jeevanasaili vanaru ksheenataku pradhana kaaranam anie pariganinchadam aapaledu (sameekshala vibhaganni chudandi).
praathamika vanarugaa boggunu upayoginchadam tirigi praarambhinchandi.
oka desham yokka aadhipatyam kaaranamgaa migilina prapancham oka praathamika vanarugaa vanarunu amalu cheyadamlo adhe kramaanni anusaristundani siddhaantam pratipaadinchindi. idhi samyukta rashtraalu mariyu migilina prapanchaaniki madhya praathamika vanarugaa vanarula viniyogam yokka kalakramanni tulanaatmakamgaa vislaeshistumdih
praathamika vanarugaa boggunu upayoginchadam tirigi praarambhinchandi..
dunken prakaram, 2000 nundi 2005 varaku prapancha boggu utpatti samvatsaraaniki 4.8% perigindi, chamuru kevalam 1.6% perigindi.
boggunu praadhamika vanarugaa tirigi pondadam, adhika sthaayi kalushyam kaaranamgaa maroka nishiddha vaastavam, spashtamaina raajakeeya kaaranaala valla bhoomini mosukelle saamarthyam unnanduna medialo mute cheyabadindi, dunken chepparu.
janabha yokka shakti viniyogam.
yuu loe praathamika vanarugaa chamuru nundi bogguku maaradam vale.ess. idhi prapancha maarpulanu mundugaane gurtistondi, idhi U loe talasari shakti viniyogam mariyu kalakramena utpatti sthaayini suuchistumdi.ess. idhi migilina prapanchaaniki kooda gurthugaa undhi. anduvalla, dunken yuu loe moodu dasalanu vaeru chestundi.ess. taruvaata prapancha viniyogamlo pratibimbimchina viniyogam
siddhaantam naveekaranalu.
2009 naveekarana.
2000 taruvaata asadhaaranamgaa perigina prapancha vakrarekhaku sambandhinchi taggutunna talasari shakti viniyoga vakrarekhaku sambandhinchi united states chuupina vyatyaasaaniki vacchina vimarsala taruvaata, dunken thana siddhaantam yokka 2009loe oka naveekarananu prachurinchaadu, ikkada athanu brazil, bharatadesam mariyu chaina cherchabadina migilina naan-okd prapancha (165 deshaalu) vakrarekhaku sambandhinchi okd sabhyula (30 deshaalu) vakrarekhanu polchadu.
prapanchamlooni talasari shakti viniyogam yokka vividha sikharaalapai eee kotta kaagitamlo eee krindi vidhamgaa muginchaaru
eee kotta drushtaamtamlo 2008 mariyu 2030 madhya united states sagatu jeevana pramaanam ledhaa talasari shakti 90 saatam padipotundani, kathala sthaayilu 86 saatam padipothayani mariyu kathalu laeni deshaala sthaayi 60 saatam padipotundani anchanaa vesindi. eee vruttiloo sagatu jeevana pramaanaalu 2030 natiki prapanchamlooni migilina praantaala sagatu sthaayini talasari 3.53 byaarella chamurutho samanamga chaerataayi.
siddhaantam prakaram saamaajika drushyaalu.
pedro eah. eee amsampai spanish bhasha nipunulalo okaraina prieto, eee siddhaantam yokka amsaala aadhaaramgaa saamaajika patanam yokka sambhaavya drushtaamtaanni roopondinchadaaniki enthavaraku vellaadu.
rashtra sankshobham.
sampanna deshaalu perigina abhadratanu edurkontaayi, mariyu prajaasvaamya samajalu nirankusa mariyu athi sampradaayavaada samajaluga maarataayi, ikkada janabha swayamgaa bayati vanarulanu mariyu bhadratanu penchutundi. antima parishkaram ledhaa anhu yuddham vanti paristhitulanu tosipuchakunda, goppa tudi mugimpuku mundu pedda abhivruddhi chendina deshaalu oka vidhamaina prapancha yuddham III loe korata vanarulanu vivaadam chese avakaasam undhi. alanti yuddham jarigithe, adhi moodu nagarikatalato kuudina antar-pettubadidaarii yuddham avtundani itarulu vaadistaaru. modatidi paaschaatya nagarikata, rendavadi sanaatana nagarikata mariyu sainik, mariyu moodavadi islaamik nagarikata dwara erpadindi. japan mariyu bharatadesam tama sthaanaanni nirvachinchinanduna atuvanti yuddhamlo pradhana paatra poeshistaayi.
konni deshaalu manugada saaginchina sandarbhamlo, vanarula korata pedda pattana kendraalalo karuvulanu prerepinchagaladu, vistrutamaina dopideeki balavantam chestundi mariyu prabhutvaalu saamaajika swechchalanu parimitam chestu, aakalitho unna janabhanu dhooramgaa unchadaaniki aasti hakkulanu tolagistuu aadesaalu mariyu yuddha chattalanu jaarii chestaayi. shaashwata koratanu edurkontunnappudu, prabhutvaalu avasaramaina kaneesa reshannu vidhistaayi, idhi vaari sonta labham kosam dopideeki balavantam cheyadaaniki kaaranamavutundi, idhi raashtraala ksheeninchadaaniki modati lakshanam avutundi.
aardhika vyavastha longipotundi, dabbu kshanikaavesamlo viluvaina lohalatho bharti cheyabadutundi, conny ivi chivariki kooda panikiranivi avtayi, mariyu idhi "naa raajyaaniki gurram" kosam samayam avutundi. oka off-road vahanam rotteku marpidi cheyabadutundi" anie chaalaa mandhi anchanaa vesina point idhi. aadhipatya minoritylu, sainika dalaalu tama kosam dochukuntu, okappudu goppa deshaalugaa unna chinna niyantrutvaalu, rajyalanu yerparuchukuntayi. marovaipu, "vaarasatvamgaa laeni goppa samuuhaala" nundi chaalaa asthiramaina paatra yokka avyavastheekruta samuuhaalu erpadataayi, ivi arudaina vanarulanu teesukoovadaaniki himsaatmakamgaa mariyu gandaragolamgaa vyavaharistaayi. okadaanikokati madhya sangharshana jarugutundi, chivariki migilina janabha maadirigaane iddaroo longipotaru.
praanaalatoe bayatapadina vyakti yokka profile.
iravai vaela kante ekkuva mandhi nivaasitulu unna nagaralu chaalaa asthiramgaa untaayani anchanaa veyabadindi, modati sthaanamlo amejaanloni vetagallu mariyu sekarinchevaari samajalu, madhya african adavulu, aagneya aasiyaalonivi, bushmen mariyu australialoni aadimavaasulu merugaina ayurdayam kaligi untaaru. manugadalo rendava sthaanamlo moodu vandala nundi rendu vaela mandhi nivaasitula vyavasaya jeevanasaili, aparisubhramaina neeti vanarulu unna pradaesaalaku daggaragaa, cherukoleni mariyu pedda nagaraala nundi vandala kilometres dhooramlo mariyu eee nagaralanu bahishkarinche ledhaa dopidiiloo palgone ksheenistunna sainika dalaala nundi aakalitho unna prajala samuuhaala nundi untundi.
chivariki konni pratyeka sthaanaala kosam pootii padutunna chinna vyavasaya gramalu kooda pedda sankhyalo undavacchu, bhoomi mosukelle saamarthyam unna gramalu matrame migili untaayi.
itara darsanaalu.
pedro eah. vruddhuvai siddhaantam anchanaa vesinatlugaa, saamaajika patanam vaegamgaa unte, moodava prapancha yuddham ledhaa itara rakaala vidhvamsaka yuddha sangharshanhala maadirigaane yuddha drushyaalu sambhavinche avakaasam takkuvagaa untundani prieto swayamgaa oohinchaaru. paristhitula madhya vyatyaasam emitante, nagarallo unna janabhalo ekkuva mandhi, vaegamgaa kuppakuulinappudu karuvutho maranistaaru, ayithe nemmadigaa kuppakuulinappudu yuddham pedda nagaraala nundi chinna, vivikta graameena samaajaala varaku surakshitamaina praantaalaku vyaapistundi.
paarisraamika anantara shakam yokka sambhaavyatapai abhiprayapade vaari oohagaanaalu vegavantamaina mariyu vipattu saamaajika patanam yokka drushyaala nundi nemmadigaa mariyu paropakaara patanam yokka drushyaala varaku mariyu vaaru ippatikee konasagutunna sankshemamtho ksheenatanu oohinche drushyaalu kooda unnaayi.
vipattu patanam ledhaa maraninchadam.
modati samuuhamloo, niraasaavaadulu, dunken yokka adhe paatha siddhaantam mariyu david dhara, regg morrison mariyu jay hanson pratipaadinchina "dye-off" ledhaa vipattu patanam vanti itara rachanalanu roopondinchaaru. avi saadhaaranamgaa balamaina, janyu mariyu saktivantamaina nirnayaatmakata (lesley eah) vanti aneka nirnayaatmakatalanu prerepistaayi. tellajati praathamika parinaama chattam) nagarika jeevitam kullipovadaniki daariteese anivaarya patanaanni prakatinchadam, saantiyuta ksheenata yokka avakaasaanni raddu chestundi.
sunnitamaina ksheenata ledhaa "sampannamaina diguva maargam".
sankshema rashtra konasagimputo ksheenata empika unna nemmadigaa mariyu paropakaara patana paristhitulanu anchanaa vese vaarilo elizabeth mariyu howard tii yokka "sampannamaina maargam" gurinchi prastaavinchavachchu. odam, suburbanisation mugimpu mariyu james howard kunstler pratipaadinchina graameeneekaranaku tirigi ravadam, jared diamond mariyu richard heinberg yokka "kramamga moosiveta" empika dwara pratipaadinchabadina tamanu taamu rakshinchukovadaaniki ledhaa viphalamavadaaniki ippatikee enchukogala sanghaalu.
henberg thana pustakam "shutdown options und action inn eah post-cole varald" loe, boggu mariyu chamuru ksheenatanu edurkonenduku deshaalu teesukogala naalugu maargaalanu pratipaadinchaaruh
aadarsadhaamaala punarujjeevanam.
ivi patanam anedi phalitam mariyu lakshyam rendinti darsanaalu. 19va sataabdamloo, mariyu paarisraamika shakam praarambhamlo, srungaaravaadam mariyu aadarsadhaama udyamaalu mallee udbhavinchaayi, paarisraamika shakam patanam yokka anchanaa nepathyamlo, aadarsadhaama darsanaala kotta aavirbhavam namodu cheyabadindi. eee punarujjeevanam saamaajika siddhaantaala ksheenataku vyatiraeka disalo munduku saagutundi, idhi parivartana paristhiti kaaranamgaa tagina parishkaralanu andinchadu.
joseph tainer kosam, kuppakuulipoetunna sanklishta samajam akasmaattugaa chinnadi, saralamainadi, takkuva stareekarana mariyu takkuva saamaajika vibhedaalato untundi. eee paristhiti, theodor rosejack prakaram, tagginchadam, mandaginchadam, prajaasvaamyeekarana mariyu vikendrikarana vanti paatha paryaavaranavaada karyakramam yokka aadarsadhaama siddhaantaanni prerepistundi.
ernest garsia prakaram, eee pratipaadakulu chaalaa mandhi paryaavarana saastravettala kramasikshana nundi bhoogarbha shaastram, computer sains, jeevarasaayana shaastram mariyu parinaamaatmaka janyusaastram varaku, saamaajika saastraala adhyayanam nundi chaalaa dhooramgaa unna rangaalalo nimagnamaina saastravettalu. iteevali atyanta spashtamaina aadarsadhaama udyamaalalo araachakavaada, lothaina paryaavarana shaastram mariyu transhumanism vanti saanketika-aadarsadhaamaalu unnaayi.
siddhaantampai vimarsalu mariyu sthaanaalu.
vaadana yokka aadharam meeda vimarsalu.
mosukelle saamarthyam mariyu janabha paeludu parimiti gurinchi vimarsalu.
eee anchanaa 2004 aikyaraajyasamiti nivedikaku kooda bhinnamgaa undhi, ikkada 1800 nundi 2300 varaku prapancha janabha abhivruddhi anchanaalu lekkinchabaddaayi, atyanta ghoramaina paristhiti emitante, prapancha janabha 7500 millionla garishta sthaayiki cherukuntundi, taruvaata 2065 natiki 7000 millionlaku, 2090 natiki 6000 millionlaku mariyu 2100 natiki sumaru 5500 millionlaku taggutundi.
2011loe aikyaraajyasamiti janabha vibhagam vidudala chesina oka nivedika prakaram, 2011 aktobaru 31naa prapancha janabha 7 biliyanlaku cherukuntundani, 2019loe mottam janabha 7.8 biliyanlugaa anchanaa veyabadindi. 2015 natiki prapancha janabhalo sumaru 6.9 billionla mandhi maanavulu untaarani dunken anchanaaku viruddhamgaa undhi. ayithe, iteevali kaalamlo janabha perugudala taggumukham pattindi, ayinappatikee siddhaantamlo perkonna karuvu mariyu vyaadhi valla kalige maranaala kante saamskrutika mariyu saamaajika kaarakaala kaaranamgaa takkuva mandhi pillalanu kaligi undaalane ledhaa tallidandrulanu vadulukovalani teesukunna saadhaarana nirnayam kaaranamgaa. eee kaaranaala valla chaina thana oka bidda vidhananni raddu chesindi mariyu prapanchavyaaptamgaa aneka pradaesaalaloo vaari prabhutvaalu pillalanu kanadaniki prothsaahakaalanu andistunnaayi.
aakarshana suutrampai vimarsalu.
siddhaantamlooni edho oka amsaanni vyatirekinche vimarsakula nundi, aakarshanheeyamaina suutrampai ekkuva sthaayilo pratibimbimchae genophobic mariyu jaatyahankaara saamskrutika pakshapaataalanu vimarsinche vaaru pratyaekamgaa nilustaaru. pedro eah. valasadaarulaku sarihaddulanu moosivese pratipaadananu prieto vimarsistundi, conny adhika US viniyogaaniki upayogapade ksheeninchina vanarula pravaesaaniki moosiveta kaadu. ayinappatikee, garishta chamuru, bhoomini mosukelle saamarthyam, praathamika vanarugaa bogguku tirigi ravadam vanti siddhaantam yokka marinta saadhaarana siddhaantaalu kontavaraku saadhyamavutaayani ayana muginchaaru.
chaalaa mandhi richard sii. dunken rachanalu zaan tanton sthaapinchina mariyu vaenae lattan darsakatvam vahinchina american publishing house ayina "dhi soshal contract press" loe prachurinchabaddaayi. eee prachurana samstha janana niyantrana mariyu valasala taggimpuku maddatu istundi, alaage raajakeeya hakku konam nundi pratidee cover chese samskruti mariyu paryaavaranam vanti samasyalaku praadhaanyata istundi. daani atyanta vivaadaaspada prachuranalalo french rachayita zeane rospail raasina "dhi camp off dhi saints" pustakam undhi, deenivalla atuvanti prachuranakartanu "dakshina pedarika nyaya kendram" "jaatyahankaara rachanala shrenini prachurinche" dweshapurita samuuham "gaa varninchindi."
garishta chamuru anchanaa yokka vimarsakulu.
lindsay villiams (2006) vaadinchinatlugaa, garishta chamuru siddhaantam nundi matlade sthaanaalu oka nakilee kaavacchu, vividha prabhutvaalu, saamaajika samsthalu ledhaa private companylu rendu samvatsaraala mundu nundi nalabhai samvatsaraala taruvaata teedeela varaku garishta sthaayini anchanaa vestaayi.
19va sataabdam nundi pratipaadinchabadina abiogenic petrolium muulam siddhaantam, sahaja petrolium lothaina boggu niksheepaalaloo erpadindani, bahusha bhoomi erpadataaniki chendinadani perkondi. anduvalla idhi shilaja indhana nilvalu chaalaa ekkuvagaa unnayani rujuvu chestundi, washingtonloni carnegie samsthaku chendina bhougolika bhouthika shaastravetta alegzander goncharov prakaram, 2009loe diamond probe mariyu lazer thoo kuudina montil yokka paristhitulanu eethaen, propane, beautane, molecular hydrogen mariyu graphite vanti methane itara anuvula nundi srushtinchedi. ippati varaku garishta sthaayi yokka anni anchanaalu tappu anie goncharov chepparu, kabatti garishta chamurunu nammadam nammadaginadi kaadu mariyu chamuru companylu kotta ajaivika nikshepaala kosam chudavachani nokki chepparu.
bogguku tirigi ravadam paie vimarsalu.
2005loe boggu sthaanamlo chamurunu bharti chesinatlu anchanaa veyabadina maroka dayta, edro website vanti itara nivedikala nundi bhinnamgaa untundi, ikkada 2006 samvatsaraaniki chamuru ippatikee 35.27% viniyoga vanarugaa praatinidhyam vahistundi, ayithe boggu ippatikee 28.02% gaa praatinidhyam vahistundi, ayithe adhe paejee chamuru kante boggunu ekkuvagaa upayoginchadaanni angeekaristundi. adevidhamgaa bipi global pageelo, daani energy graphs tool modlo, 2007 samvatsaramlo chamuru viniyogam 3939.4 mtoe nundi 3927.9 mtoekii swalpamgaa tagginatlu chudavachu. ayinappatikee adhe kaalamlo boggu viniyogam 3194.5 mtoe nundi 3303.7 mtoe kii perigindi.
maroka sthaanam emitante, greenhouse vaayuvula maanava udgaaraala valla kalige vaataavarana maarpula siddhaantam tappu, endukante atuvanti vedekkadaaniki kaaranam vaastavaaniki soura karyakalapalalo vaividhyaalu. anduvalla, carbon utpatti mariyu viniyogamlo pragatiseela perugudala chaina mariyu united states vyavaharistunna vidhananni samarthinche vidhamgaa paryaavarana ledhaa aardhika parinaamaalu lekunda chamurunu bharti chestundi.
talasari shakti viniyogampai vimarsalu.
dunken yokka vyasalu 1979loe talasari garishta shakti 11.15 bp/c/yr anie bhaavistaayi, conny U nundi itara dayta.ess. aaa thedhee nundi 2004 taruvaata aaa sankhya 12.12 bep/c/yr kuu perigindani department off energy (eia) choopistundi. idhi 1979 nundi 2008 varaku talasari shakti vipareetamgaa peragadu anae siddhaantam yokka pratipaadanaku viruddhamgaa undhi.
dhi oyid.united nations, british petrolium mariyu antarjaateeya indhana samstha nundi vacchina dayta aadhaaramgaa 2004 mariyu 2005 madhya talasari shakti viniyogamlo nijamaina garishta sthaayini gamaninchinatlu com paejee vaadinchindi. eee pratipaadakulu dunken pradhanamgaa talasari indhana viniyogampai aadhaarapadinatlu paerkonnaaru, conny 2000 nundi boggu talasari shakti viniyogamlo perugudala, asea atyavasara paristhitiki mariyu 1965 nundi sahaja vayuvu yokka nirantaraaya vruddhi kaaranamgaa gurtinchadagina minahaayimpulato.
nagarikata sikharaagram 1979loe kaadani, 2004 taruvaata oka teedeeloo mariyu 1950 mariyu 2044 madhya paarisraamika nagarikata vyavadhitho undani vaaru etthi chuupaaru. itara vanarulu chamuru viniyogam yokka pravartanapai antagaa aadharapadi undakapothe bahusha nagarikata vyavadhi vanda samvatsaraala kante chaalaa ekkuva untundani vaaru jodinchaaru.
talasari indhana viniyoga dynamics pravartanalo migilina prapancham united states adugujaadalanu anusaristondani abhiprayam yokka viswasaneeyata savaalu cheyabadina taruvaata, 2009loe athanu "olduvaay siddhaantam prapancha jeevana pramaanaala punahsamatvaaniki" anae kotta kathanaanni prachurinchaadu, dheenilo athanu prapancha talasari viniyogam yokka pravartananu atyanta abhivruddhi chendina deshaala (oechdi) thoo polchadu. chaina, bharatadesam mariyu brazilku chendina mishrama pramukha suuchika yokka marchi 2009 katha nivedika aadhaaramgaa, aaa vyaasamlo, prapancha talasari shakti viniyogam taggadam praarambhistundani ayana paerkonnaaru, ayithe, fibravari 2010loe vacchina kotta kathala mishrama suuchika nivedika bhaarii punaruddharananu chustundi, idhi dunken yokka vaadanaku viruddhamgaa undhi.
raajakeeya, saiddhaantika vimarsalu.
paryaavarana saastravettala vimarsha.
saamaajika paryaavarana saastravettalu mariyu greenpeace vanti antarjaateeya sanghaalu marinta asajanakamga unnaayi, geothermal energy, sourashakti, pavanasakti mariyu takkuva ledhaa kalushyam laeni itarulu vanti pratyaamnaaya saktulapai tama aasalanu unchutaaru, conny fusion energini tiraskaristaaru, endukante vaaru daanini kalushya karakamga bhaavistaaru. pratyaamnaaya saktulu mariyu jeevanasaililo samoola maarpulu vanti samasyalanu parishkarinchadaaniki pedda sankhyalo saamaajika mariyu saanketika maarpula dwara teravabadina paristhitulanu parigananaloki teesukokunda janabha perugudala vanti dayta lekkinchabadutundani vaaru chebutaaru, idhi atuvanti siddhaantam anchanaa vese prabhavalanu tagginchagaladu. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, sarafara mariyu demand chattalanu upayoginchadam dwara viniyogadaarulanu balavantam cheyadam dwara ituvanti maarpulu jarugutaayani market paryaavarana saastravettalu paerkonnaaru.
intalo, arachaka-aadimavaadulu mariyu lothaina paryaavarana saastravettalu eee vipattu paristhitini nagarikata manalni nadipistunna baadhaakaramaina maargamgaa chuustaaru. anduvalla, vaaru nagarikata patanaanni saadhinchavalasina lakshyam valene anivaaryamaina phalitamgaa chuustaaru.
vamapaksha vimarsha.
kontamandi svaechchaavaadulu, araachakavaadulu mariyu saamaajikavaadulu eee rakamaina siddhaantaalu aardhika oohaagaanaalaku prayojanam chekurche abaddhalu ledhaa atisayoktulu anie bhaavistaaru, mariyu vaaru praathamikamgaa swechchaayuta market aatanu mariyu paalaka vargaalanu saasvatam cheyadaaniki, spashtamgaa ksheeninchina ledhaa koratagaa unna marinta khareedaina, sulabhamgaa niyantrinchagala vanarunu vikrayinche uddesyam kaligi unnaarani bhaavistaaru.
shakti vanarulu taganivi matrame kaadani, saamaajika unnatavargaalu sulabhamgaa niyantrinchaleni itara samruddhiga unna shakti vanarulu kooda unnayani jaak fresco paerkonnaadu, endukante avi oohinchalenivi, endukante vaati nilvalu prastuta viniyoga retutho 4000 samvatsaraala kante takkuva vyavadhilo vaastavamgaa akshayamgaa untaayi, mariyu idhi bhuushna shakti vishayamlo matrame lekkinchabadutundi.
dravya labham aadhaaramgaa prastuta pettubadidaarii aardhika namuunaaku vyatiraekamgaa athanu veenus prajectunu kooda srushtinchaadu.
kontakaalam kritam kadalikanu tanikhi cheyadaaniki weblo vistruta udyamam jarigindi mariyu annintikante minchi, jaak fresco yokka bomma. phalitaala nundi jaak fresco sherlapai moesaaniki avakaasam undani manam oohinchavachhu.
intalo, peater lindeman ledhaa zeane manning vanti rachayitalu, saktini swechchagaa pondadaaniki mariyu pampinhee cheyadaaniki aneka pratyaamnaayaalu unnayani, veetini upayogiste, nilva sekarana mariyu pampinhee yokka pettubadidaarii namuunaanu antam chestaarani jodinchaaru. idhi vaaru swechhaa saktini anachiveyadaaniki kutra siddhaantaanni roopondinchadaaniki daariteesindi. nikola tesla roopondinchina wireless power badilee atuvanti uchita mariyu uchita shakti pampinhee roopaalalo pramukhamainadi.
pratigaa, aaropanala kutrala gurinchi ituvanti vaadanala rachayitalandaruu, unnatavargaala yokka egendaga, garishta chamuru, yuddha aalochanalu, vipattu mariyu neo-malthusianism yokka suutreekaranalanu chuustaaru.
kudi-paksham vimarsha.
carnucopianlu, janabha perugudala, vanarula korata mariyu daani kalushya sambhaavyata anedi adhika chamuru ledhaa boggu yokka vinaasakaramaina paryaavarana prabhavam vanti atisayoktulu ledhaa abaddhalu anie vaadinche svaechchaavaadulu. market yokka adhe chattalu nijamaithe, atuvanti samasyalanu parishkaristaayani vaaru vaadistaaru.
carnucopianlu samarthinchina pradhana siddhaantaalu saadhaaranamgaa aasaavaadulu mariyu aacharanaatmakamainavi. intalo itarulu vaarini sampradaayavaadulu, naitikata mariyu minahaayimpugaa bhaavistaaru. eee thesis krindi amsaalanu kaligi untundih
vimarsalu mariyu jaateeya sthaanaalu.
sampradaayavaadulu, sampradaayavaadulu mariyu jaateeyavaadulu paryaavaranaaniki pratikuula prabhavalanu lekkinchakundaa jaathi kendrikruta ledhaa maanava kendrikruta drukkonam nundi taatkaalika prayojanampai matrame tama sthaanaalanu kendrikaristaru, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa garishta chamuru ledhaa olduvaay siddhaantaanni puurtigaa tiraskarincharu, conny saadhaaranamgaa konni amsaalanu ledhaa anni siddhaantaalanu samsthaagata tiraskarana roopamgaa vadilivestaaru. idhi sulabham, vaastavaaniki siddhaantam prakaram, prapanchamlooni chaalaa deshaalu eee marganni teesukoni, saamaajika ledhaa paryaavarana parinaamaala gurinchi pattinchukokunda united states ledhaa chaina vanti chamuru nundi boggu ledhaa anusaktiki marutayani idhi anchanaa vestundi.
vividha deshaala, mukhyamgaa chaina mariyu united states yokka sthaanaalaku anukuulamgaa oka vaadana emitante, chamuru nundi bogguku maarutunnappatiki, boggunu samagra vayuvu mishrama chakram dwara kaalushyarahita maargamlo upayoginchadam praarambhinchindi, ayinappatikee vaati shakti rabadi raetu kalushya maargamlo cheyadam kante takkuvagaa undavacchu.
konni deshaala nundi bhagaswamyam antaraayam kaliginchinappatikii, anhu kalayika yokka shaastreeya mariyu saanketika saadhyaasaadhyaalanu pradarsinchadaaniki itar prajectlo chaina, bharatadesam, japan, united states mariyu eurup sahakaram anukuulamgaa unna maroka vaadana.
fusion energy saadhyamaithe, graham yokka anni samudraalu, nadulu mariyu sarassulalo unna deuterium yokka shakti saamarthyam 2009 loe prapanchamlooni chamuru nilvalaku sumaru 1,068 x 109 retlu samanamga untundi.ii.bhoomipai prati cubic meater neeru 150 tannula chamuru saktitoe samanamga untundi.
2007 prapancha "viniyoga raetu" prakaram, idhi sumaru 17.5 billion samvatsaraala aadhunika paarisraamika nagarikata kaalaaniki samanam, eee vanaru nirantaram 6.5 billionla janabha perugutuu undadani mariyu aardhika vruddhi ledani bhaavinchi ayipotundi. vaastavamlo prastuta vyavastha aardhika, utpaadaka, janabha, padaartham ledhaa shakti vruddhi meeda aadharapadi untundi mariyu eee vruddhi retunu saadhaaranamgaa vaarshika praatipadikana kolustaaru. udaaharanaku, samvatsaraaniki 2 saatam vruddhi retutho chamuru shakti viniyogam prati idi1 samvatsaraalaku rettimpu avutundi mariyu 1220 samvatsaraala chivarilo, anhu kalayikanu nirvahinchadaaniki deuterium roopamlo anni samudraalalo andubaatulo unnanta shakti viniyoginchabadutundi. samvatsaraaniki 5 saatam vruddhi retutho mottam deuterium 488 samvatsaraalalo upayoginchabadutundi, mariyu kevalam 214 samvatsaraalalo samvatsaraaniki 11.4% vruddhi retutho upayoginchabadutundi.
konni sthaanaalu mariyu aneka abhivruddhi chendina deshaalu paryaavaranavettala heccharikalanu atisayoktigaa bhaavinchi, maanava rahita global warming ledhaa soura muulam versionnu enchukunnaayi. itara deshaalu, moodava prapancha deshaalu, ksheenata siddhaantaalanu mariyu antarjaateeya paryaavarana oppandaalanu modati prapancha deshaalu tama abhivruddhini arikattadaaniki vidhinchina charyalugaa chustayi.