kvi (praamaanikam)

kvi (chainees padam kvi nundi uchcharistaaru; saampradaaya chainees <unk>) anedi inductive chaarjingnu upayoginchi wireless power badileeki oka interfaces pramaanam. eee pramaanam smartphonelu vanti anukuulamaina parikaraalanu, kii charging padlo unchinappudu vaati byaatareelanu chaarj cheyadaaniki anumatistundi, idhi dhooram varaku prabhaavavantamgaa untundi.
kvi pramaanaanni wireless power consortium abhivruddhi chesindi. saarvatrikamgaa, open standard kvi-enabled parikaraalu yea tayaareedaaru nundi ayina kvi chaarjarlaku connect cheyagalavu. 
kvi modatisaarigaa modatisaarigaa vidudala cheyabadindi, mariyu 2017 natiki natiki paiga smartphonelu, tabletlu mariyu itara parikaraalalo cherchabadindi. aapil, assus, google, huwawi, elgy electronics, shamsung, geomi mariyu soneetho sahaa 488 tayaareedaarulu pramaanamtho panicheestunnaaru.
janavari janavari, consortium consortium prakatinchindi, idhi ippatike unna pramaanaanni naveekaristundi mariyu aapil yokka magsafe saanketikata aadhaaramgaa ayaskanta connectionnu kaligi untundi.
design.
kii pramaanaanni upayoginchi panichese parikaraalu samatala coils madhya vidyudayaskaanta preranapai aadhaarapadataayi. kvi vyavasthalo rendu rakaala parikaraalu untaayi-bays station, idhi vidyut vanaruku anusandhaaninchabadi, preraka saktini andistundi, mariyu mobile parikaraalu, ivi preraka saktini viniyogistaayi. bays stationlo oka power transmitter untundi, idhi oka prasaara kaayilnu kaligi untundi, idhi oka dolana ayaskanta kshetraanni utpatti chestundi; mobile parikaramlo sweekarinche kaayilnu pattukunna power receiver untundi. ayaskanta kshetram ferade yokka prerana chattam dwara sweekarinche kaayillo pratyaamnaaya pravahanni prerepistundi. rendu coils yokka daggari antaram, alaage vaati uparitalaalapai rakshana, preraka shakti badilee samarthavantamgaa undela chusukondi.
bays stationlu saadhaaranamgaa oka chadunaina uparitalaanni kaligi untaayi-dheenini interfaces uparitalam anie pilustaaru-dheeni paina viniyogadaaru okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva mobile parikaraalanu unchavacchu. vidyut badilee jaragadaniki prasaara kaayil (bays stationlo bhaagam) mariyu sweekarinche kaayil (mobile parikaramlo bhaagam) nuu samalekhanam cheyadaaniki rendu paddhatulu unnaayi. guided positioning anie piluvabade modati bhaavanalo-viniyogadaaru mobile parikaranni bays station uparitalampai oka nirdishta pradaesamloe unchaali. eee prayojanam kosam, mobile parikaram daani parimaanam, aakaram mariyu paniteeruku tagina amarika sahayanni andistundi. rendava bhavana-free positioning anie pilustaaru-viniyogadaaru mobile parikaranni prasaara kaayiltho pratyaksha amarikalo unchaalsina avasaram ledhu. uchita sthaanaanni saadhinchadaaniki aneka margalu unnaayi. oka udaaharanalo, sweekarinche kaayil unna pradaesamloe matrame ayaskanta kshetraanni utpatti cheyadaaniki prasaara coils yokka katta upayoginchabadutundi. maroka udaaharana sweekarinche kaayil kinda oke prasaara kaayilnu taralinchadaaniki yaantrika maargaalanu upayogistundi. moodava empika "bahula sahakaara fluxes generatorlu" anae saanketikatanu upayoginchadam.
chitram 1-1 praathamika vyavastha aakruteekarananu vivaristundi. chuupina vidhamgaa, power transmitterlo rendu pradhana functional unitlu untaayi-power conversion unit mariyu communications und controll unit. rekhaachitram shakti marpidi unitlo bhaagamgaa ayaskanta kshetraanni utpatti chese prasaara kaayil (shreni) nuu chooputundi. niyantrana mariyu samachara vibhagam badilee cheyabadina saktini power receiver abhyardhinchina sthaayiki niyantristundi. oka bays stationlo aneka transmitterlu undavacchani rekhaachitram choopistundi, idhi oke bays stationlo bahula mobile parikaraalanu unchadaaniki mariyu daani prati battery puurtigaa chaarj ayye varaku preranaatmakamgaa chaarj cheyadaaniki anumatistundi. chivaraga, rekhaachitramlooni system unit bays station yokka anni itara kaaryaacharanalanu kaligi untundi, input power provisioning, bahula power transmitterla niyantrana mariyu user interfacing vantivi.
power receiverlo power pickup unit, alaage communications mariyu controll unit untaayi. transmitter yokka power conversion unit maadirigaane, chitram 1-1 anedi sweekarinche kaayil power pick-up unit yokka ayaskanta kshetraanni sangrahistunnatlu vivaristundi. oka power pickup unit saadhaaranamgaa oke receiving kaayilnu matrame kaligi untundi. antekakunda, mobile parikaramlo saadhaaranamgaa oke power receiver untundi. communications und controll unit badilee cheyabadina saktini upa vyavasthalaku tagina sthaayiki niyantristundi (udhaa.zii.battery) power receiver yokka avutputku anusandhaaninchabadi untundi. eee upa vyavasthalu mobile parikaram yokka pradhana kaaryaacharananu suuchistaayi.
transmitterlu.
kvi specification yokka 2017 version 1.2 nundi oka udaaharanagaa (paina soochinchabadindi), eah2 reference kvi loe-power transmitter oka chadunaina kaayillo 20 malupula kaayil (rendu poralalo) kaligi untundi, 19 mimi lopali vyaasam mariyu 40 mimi bayati vyaasam kaligina roopamlo gaayapadindi, mruduvaina inumu yokka diguva kaayil sheeled kaneesam 4 mimi vyaasamlo peddadi, idhi 24 ±1 microhenryla prerananu istundi. eee kaayil oka shreni pratidhvani circuitlo unchabadutundi. 
eee syries resonent circuit appudu disi muulam nundi hetch-bridge switching amarika dwara nadapabadutundi; puurti shakti vadda, kpaasitarlooni voltage 50 voltlaku cherukuntundi. vidyut niyantrana svayamchaalakamgaa untundi; qi vivaranaku vartimpajesina vaastava voltage kaneesam 50 millivoltla varaku chinna dasalalo niyantrinchadaginadigaa undaali.
parikaramloni charging voltagenu tagginche badulu, eah2 referencenu kalise kvi chaarjarlu primary sell voltage prakaram pampinhee cheyabadina saktini savarinchadaaniki pid (proportional-integral-derivative) kantrolarnu upayogistaayi.
itara kvi chaarj transmitterlu tama connectionlanu 140 kiloj vadda praarambhistaayi, conny merugaina matchtho frequencini kanugonadaaniki frequencilanu marchagalavu, endukante transmitter mariyu receiver coils madhya paraspara prerana transmitter mariyu receiver coils madhya standoff dooraanni batti maarutundi, tadwara sahaja pratidhvani frequency maarutundi. vividha kvi reference designlu oval kaayil mariyu multy-kaayil vyavasthalatho paatu bahula inductorlu mariyu capasitorlatho marinta sanklishtamaina pratidhvani netvarklatho sahaa vividha kaayil erpaatlanu kaligi untaayi. eee namuunaalu 105 nundi 205 kilojula frequenciela vadda frequency-churukaina operationku anumatistaayi mariyu garishta pratidhvani circuit voltagelu 200 voltla varaku untaayi.
graheetalu.
kvi power receiver hardware reference design 1, kvi specification yokka 1.2.2 version nundi kooda, wire yokka 44 mimi × 30 mimi velupali parimaanam yokka deerghachaturasraakaara kaayiltho, wire yokka 14 malupulatho mariyu paie kaayil ayaskanta kavachamtho praarambhamavutundi. eee kaayil oka jatha capasitorlatho (shrenilo 127 nanopharadlu mariyu samaantaramgaa 1.6 nanopharadlu) samaantara pratidhvani circuitlo vairdu cheyabadutundi. power avtput 1.6-nanofarad capacitor antataa teesukobadutundi.
power transmitterku digital communication chaanelnu tirigi andinchadaaniki, oka jatha 22-nanopharad kpaasitarlu mariyu oka tii aakruteekaranalo 10 kω resistertho kuudina resonance modulatornu 1.6-nanofarad capacitor antataa maarchavacchu. tii netvarknu 1.6-nanofarad capacitor meedugaa marchadam valla coupled system yokka resonent frequencylo gananeeyamaina maarpu vastundi, idhi power transmitter dwara pampinhee cheyabadina saktilo marpuga gurtinchabadutundi.
portable parikaraniki vidyut utpatti anedi 1.6-nanofarad kpaasitarpai vairdu cheyabadina puurti-taranga vantena dwara jarugutundi; chaarj controllerku pampinhee cheyadaaniki mundu saktini saadhaaranamgaa 20-microferad capasitortho filter chestaaru.
itara kvi power receiverlu pratyaamnaaya resonance modulatorlanu upayogistaayi, veetilo receiver resonator capacitor antataa resister ledhaa resisterla jatanu, bridge rectifier mundu mariyu taruvaata maaradam vantivi untaayi.
lakshanaalu mariyu lakshanaalu.
doublupisi augustu augustu kvi loe-power specification prachurinchindi. kvi specification registration tarvaata uchitamgaa download chesukovacchu. kvi specification prakaram, "takkuva shakti" preraka badileelu rendu samatala coils madhya preraka kalayikanu upayoginchi 5 doubleu kante takkuva saktini andistaayi. eee coils saadhaaranamgaa 5 mimi dhooramlo untaayi, conny 40 mimi varaku undavacchu mariyu bahusha marinta vaerugaa undavacchu. kvi loe-power specification kii kii baseline power profile (bpp) gaa paeru maarchabadindi.
avtput voltage yokka niyantrana digital controll loop dwara andinchabadutundi, ikkada power receiver power transmittertho communicate chestundi mariyu ekkuva ledhaa takkuva saktini abhyardhistundi. baxcotter modulation dwara power receiver nundi power transmitterku communication ekadisagaa untundi. baxcotter modulationlo, power-receiver kaayil load cheyabadutundi, idhi power transmitter vadda current dra nii maarustundi. eee prastuta maarpulu rendu parikaraalu kalisi panicheyadaaniki avasaramaina samacharamga paryaveekshinchabadataayi mariyu demodulate cheyabadataayi.
cheyabadataayi, wireless power consortium kvi specification nuu medium pavarku vistarinchadam praarambhinchindi. 2019 natiki, madhyastha vidyut pramaanam prastutam 30 nundi 65 vaatlanu andistundi. idhi chivariki 200 vaatla varaku maddatu istundani bhaavistunnaaru (saadhaaranamgaa portable power tools, robotic vacuum cleanerlu, dronelu mariyu ii-baikla kosam upayogistaaru).
ikia, doublupisi "kii" anie piluvabade adhika-shakti vivarananu kooda pradarsinchindi, idhi 1 kilovatla varaku andistundi, idhi itara adhika-shakti viniyogaalato paatu vantagadi upakaranaalanu saktivantam cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistundi.
ikia, doublupisi 15 doubleu varaku maddatu ichhe kvi extended power profile (ipp) specification pravesapettindi. bpp vanti mobile parikaraalanu chaarj cheyadaaniki kooda ipp saadhaaranamgaa upayoginchabadutundi. eah. pii. pii. kii maddatu ichhe phone companylalo elgi, soonee, geomi mariyu sharp unnaayi.
doublupisi yajamanya vidyut pampinhee podigimpu (ppde) nii pravesapettindi, idhi phone oms baseline power profile yokka 5 doubleu ledhaa podiginchina vidyut profile yokka 15 doubleu kante ekkuva pampinhee cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. prastutam, shamsung matrame vaari sammati pareekshanu prachurinchindi. vegavantamaina wireless charging kosam yajamanya pramaanaalanu upayoginche itara phone companylalo aapil, huwawi mariyu google unnaayi.
dattata.
nokia modata daani lumia lumia kini sweekarinchindi, mariyu galaxy galaxy shamsung mobile (retrofit cheyagala adhikaarika shamsung byaak cover anubandham dwara maddatu) maddatu), google/elgi nexus 4 aaa samvatsaram taruvaata vachindi. toyota thana 2013 avalan limitedlo factory empikagaa kii charging ooyalanu andinchadam praarambhinchindi, sangyang kooda kooda kii empikanu andinchina rendava kaaru tayaareedaaru.
ikia, united states mariyu chainaalo survey chesina 76 saatam mandiki wireless charging gurinchi telusunani (gatha samvatsaram 36 saatam nundi perugudala), mariyu 20 saatam mandhi dheenini upayogistunnarani oka survey kanugondi-ayithe, vaarilo 16 saatam mandhi matrame dheenini rojuvaareegaa upayogistunnaru. furniture retailer ikia ikia integrated wireless chaarjarlato kuudina deepaalu mariyu table vikrayaniki pravesapettindi, mariyu lexus nx center console loe aichhika kvi charging pyaadnu pondindi. aaa samvatsaram 120 millionla wireless charging phonelu vikrayinchabaddaayi, mukhyamgaa shamsung galaxy galaxy, idhi kii mariyu pootii shakti vishayaala kootami pramaanaalaku maddatu ichindi. ayithe, aneka pootii wireless charging pramaanaala uniki ippatikee sweekarinchadaaniki avarodhamgaa pariganinchabadindi.
2017 praarambhamlo, kvi regense vanti itara pootii pramaanaalanu sthaanabhramsham chesindi. september 12,2017naa, aapil tama kotta smartphonelu, iphone 8, iphone 8 plus mariyu iphone ex, kii pramaanaaniki maddatu istayani prakatinchindi. appati nundi, prati kotta iphone version kii wireless charging pramaanaaniki maddatu ichindi. aapil air power anae kotta protokaaltho pramaanaanni vistarinche pranaalikalanu kooda prakatinchindi, idhi okesari bahula parikaraalanu chaarj chese saamarthyaanni jodistundi; ayithe, idhi marchi 29,2019naa raddu cheyabadindi.
kii praamaanikam prajaadarana pondadamtho, coffey shaapulu, vimaanaasrayaalu, creeda rangaalu modalaina pradaesaalaloo "kii hotspotlu" talettadam praarambhamavutaayani bhaavistunnaaru. coffey bean mariyu tii leaf, oka pradhana us coffey golusu, united kingdom yokka london heathro vimaanaasrayam mariyu newyork nagaramloni zaan eff kosam empika chesina pradhana metropolitan nagarallo, alaage virgine atlanticlo preraka charging stationlanu erpaatu chestundi. kennedy antarjaateeya vimaanaasrayam.

