
giacomo pukkinee

giacomo pukkinee (22 december 1858-29 november 1924) pradhanamgaa thana operaalaku prasiddhi chendina oka italian swarakarta. verdi taruvaata italian operaaku goppa mariyu atyanta vijayavantamaina pratipaadakudigaa pariganinchabaddaadu, athanu chivari-barok shakam nundi udbhavinchina swarakartala sudeergha shreni nundi vacchaadu. athani prarambha rachanalu 19va sataabdam chivarilo saampradaaya srungaara italian operaalo drudhamgaa paatukupoyinappatiki, taruvaata athanu thana panini vaastavika "verismo" shaililo abhivruddhi chesaadu, andulo athanu pramukha vyaakhyaatalalo okadu ayyadu.
athani atyanta prasiddha rachanalu "laa bohem" (1896), "tosca" (1900), "medama seethaakokachiluka" (1904), mariyu "turandot" (1924), ivanni anni operaalalo atyanta tarachugaa pradarsinchabadevi mariyu namodu cheyabadinavi.
kutumbam mariyu vidya.
1858loe italeelooni lukkaalo giacomo antonio domenico micheal second maria pukkineegaa pukkinee janminchaadu. athanu micheal pukkinee (1813-1864) mariyu albina maagee (1830-1884) yokka tommidi mandhi pillalalo aaravavadu. pukkinee kutumbam sthaanika sangeeta raajavamsamgaa lukkaalo pukkinee yokka muttaata chetha sthaapinchabadindi-dheeniki giacomo (1712-1781) anie kooda paeru pettaru. eee modati giacomo pukkinee lukkaaloni catedral dii shaan martino yokka "mastro dii capella". ayana taruvaata ayana kumarudu antonio pukkinee, aaa taruvaata antonio kumarudu domenico, mariyu domenico kumarudu maikhel (eee vyaasam yokka vishayam yokka tandri) eee padaviloe vijayam saadhinchaaru. eee purushulalo prati okkaroo bolognalo sangeetaanni abhyasinchaaru, marikondaru vaerae chota adanapu sangeeta adhyayanalu chesaaru. domenico pukkinee kontakaalam geovanni piciello aadhvaryamlo adhyayanam chesaaru. prati okkaroo charchi kosam sangeetaanni swaraparichaaru. adanamgaa, domenico aneka operaalanu swaraparichaaru, mariyu maikhel oka operaanu swaraparichaaru. pukkinee tandri maikhel uttara italii antataa khyaatini pondaaru, mariyu athani antyakriyalu praja santaapam yokka sandarbham, dheenilo appati prasiddha swarakarta geovanni pasini oka requium nirvahinchaaru.
pukkinee kutumbam maikhel maraninche samayaniki 124 samvatsaraalu (1740-1864) "mastro dii capella" padavini aakraminchinanduna, maikhel kumarudu giacomo kooda aaa padavini aakramistaadani anchanaa veyabadindi. ayithe, 1864loe maikhel pukkinee maraninchinappudu, athani kumarudu giacomo kevalam aaru samvatsaraala vayassulo unnadu, anduvalla athani tandri udyogaanni chepatte saamarthyam ledhu. chinnatanamlo, athanu catedral dii shaan martino yokka sangeeta jeevitamlo, abbayila gayaka brundamlo sabhyudiga mariyu taruvaata pratyaamnaaya organistga palgonnadu.
pukkineeki lukkaaloni shaan maikhel seminarylo, aapai cathedral seminarylo saadhaarana vidyanu andinchaaru. pukkinee pinatandrulalo okaraina adrushtavasaattuu maagee athani sangeeta vidyanu paryaveekshinchaaru. pukkinee 1880loe lukkaaloni paasinee school off music nundi diploma pondaadu, akkada thana maama laxukotoku, taruvaata alfredo katalaniki kooda bodhinchina kaarlo angelonyki kooda chaduvukunnadu. raani margerita nundi manjuru, mariyu maroka maama nicolus seruu nundi sahayam, pukkineeki milan conservatorylo thana adhyayananni konasaaginchadaaniki avasaramaina nidhulanu andinchindi, akkada athanu stephano ronchetti-montevity, amil cair ponchiyelli mariyu antonio baajineetho kuurpunu adhyayanam chesaadu. pukkinee moodu samvatsaraalu conservatorylo adhyayanam chesi, pietro maskagni thoo oka gadini panchukundi. 1880loe, 21 samvatsaraala vayassulo, pukkinee thana "maas" nuu rachinchaadu, idhi athani sthaanika lukkaalo charchi sangeetamtho athani kutumbam yokka sudeergha anubandhaaniki paraakaashtanu suuchistumdi.
prarambha kereer mariyu modati operaalu.
pukkinee milan conservatory kosam thesis kuurpugaa "capritio synphonico" anae archestra mukkanu raasaaru. pukkinee upaadhyaayulu ponchielli mariyu bajini eee panini chuusi aakattukunnaru, mariyu idhi 1883 juulai 14naa franco faxio nirvahinchina conservatorylo vidyaarthi kachereelo pradarsinchabadindi. pukkinee yokka panini milanese prachurana "laa perseveranza" loe anukuulamgaa sameekshinchaaru, tadwara pukkinee milanese sangeeta vargalalo vaagdaanaaniki yuva swarakartagaa khyaatini penchukovadam praarambhinchindi.
"lae villi".
capricio synphonico" premiere tarvaata, ponchielli mariyu pukkinee pukkinee tadupari pani opera kaavacchu anae avakaasaanni charchinchaaru. ponchielli pukkineeni thana villaalo undamani ahvaninchadu, akkada pukkineeni ferdinando fontana anae maroe yuvakudiki parichayam chesaaru. pukkinee mariyu fantana oka operaalo sahakarinchadaaniki angeekarinchaaru, dheeni kosam fantana librettoni andistundi. 1883loe sojogno music publishing company spaansar chesina pootiiloo "lae villie" anae pani pravesinchindi (adhe pootiiloo pietro maskagni yokka "cavalleria rusticana" 1889loe vijaetagaa nilichindi). idhi gelavakapoyinappatiki, "lae villie" taruvaata teatro dhaal verme vadda pradarsinchabadindi, idhi 1884 mae 31naa pradarsinchabadindi. recordi & koo. sangeeta prachuranakartalu etuvanti rusumu lekunda librettoni mudrinchadam dwara pradhaaniki sahayam chesaaru. milan conservatoryki chendina thoti vidyaarthulu archestralo pedda bhaganni yerparacharu. pradarsana vijayaniki saripotundi, casa recordi operaanu konugolu chesindi. eee charyala madhya oka intermejotho rendu-charyala samskaranagaa savarinchabadina "lae villie" nuu milanlooni laa scalalo 1885 janavari 24naa pradarsinchaaru. ayithe, 1887 varaku recordi skornu prachurinchaledu, idhi pani yokka marinta paniteeruku aatamkam kaliginchindi.
"edger".
giulio recordi, zii yokka thala. recordi & koo. sangeeta prachuranakartalu, "lae villie" mariyu daani yuva swarakartatho taginantagaa aakattukunnaru, athanu rendava operaanu niyaminchaadu, dheeni phalitamgaa "edger" vastundi. 1884loe fantana libretto kosam drushtaamtaanni roopondinchadam praarambhinchinappudu pani praarambhamaindi. pukkinee 1887loe praathamika kuurpunu mariyu 1888loe archestration puurti chesindi. 1889 april 21naa laa scalalo "edger" pradarsinchabadindi, dheeniki takkuva pratispandana labhinchindi. moodava pradarsana tarvaata savaranala kosam panini upasamharinchaaru. milanese vaartaapatrikalo, giulio recordi swarakartagaa pukkinee naipunyaanni rakshistuu, fantana yokka librettoni vimarsistuu prachurinchaadu. 1891 septembaru 5naa pukkinee sthaanika lukkaaloni teatro dell gigliolo savarinchina samskarana vijayavantamaindi. 1892loe, tadupari savaranalu opera yokka podavunu naalugu charyala nundi mooduku tagginchaayi, idhi ferrara loe baga aadarana pondindi mariyu turn mariyu speyin loe pradarsinchabadindi. pukkinee 1901 mariyu 1905loe marinta savaranalu chesindi, conny eee pani ennadoo prajaadarana pondaledu. recordi vyaktigata maddatu lekunda, "edger" athani vruttini kharchu chesi undavacchu. pukkinee thana maajee piano vidyaarthi, vivaahita elvira gemignanito paaripoyaadu, mariyu athanu vijayavantamainanta kaalam recordi sahacharulu athani jeevanasailiki kallu muusukoevadaaniki siddhamgaa unnaaru. edger" viphalamainappudu, vaaru rikaardiki pukkineeni vadulukovalani suuchimchaaru, conny recordi athanu athanithone untaanani mariyu athani tadupari opera varaku thana bhatyam konasaagistaanani cheppadu.
"maanan lescout".
thana tadupari opera, "maanan lescout" nuu praarambhinchinappudu, pukkinee thana sonta libretto vraastaanani prakatinchaadu, tadwara "libretist yokka moorkhudu" daanini paadu cheyaledu. raggaro leoncavallonu thana libretistga angeekarinchamani recordi atanini oppinchaadu, conny pukkinee ventane atanni project nundi tolaginchamani recordini koraadu. pukkinee nirantaram aaa mukka yokka nirmaanam gurinchi thana manasu maarchukunnanduna, maroe naluguru libretistulu appudu operaatho nimagnamayyaru. daadaapu pramaadavasaattu chivari iddaru, luigi ilika mariyu giusape giacosa, operaanu puurti cheyadaaniki kalisi vacchaaru.
"maanan lescout" "2 fibravari 1893naa turinloni teatro regio vadda pradarsinchabadindi. yaadruchikamgaa, pukkinee yokka mottamodati saasvatamaina prajaadarana pondina opera verdi yokka chivari opera" "fallstaff" "premiere ayina oka vaaramlone kanipinchindi, idhi modatisaarigaa 9 fibravari 1893naa pradarsinchabadindi. premiyarnu oohinchi, pukkinee oka yuvakudani raasaaru, athani gurinchi" "goppa aasalu" "nijamaina aadharam kaligi unnaayi (" ")". ayithe, "edger" vaiphalyam kaaranamgaa, "maanan lescout" vaiphalyam swarakartagaa pukkinee bhavishyattunu pramaadamloo padesi undavacchu. manan lescout" inca abhivruddhilo undagaa, casa recordi adhipati giulio recordi pukkineeki maddatu ichinappatikii, casa recordi boardu directorlu pukkinee yokka aardhika maddatunu tagginchaalani pariseelistunnaaru. yea sandarbhamloonainaa, "maanan lescout" anedi pukkinee yokka modati mariyu ekaika pootii laeni vijayam, vimarsakulu mariyu prajalachae prasamsimchabadimdi."1894loe london premiere tarvaata, georg bernard shaa ilaa prakatinchaaduh" "pukkinee naaku thana pratyarthula kante verdi varasudila kanipistundi"."
"maanan lescout" goppa vijayam saadhinchindi mariyu pukkinee yokka pratishtanu thana taraaniki chendina atyanta aasaajanakamaina perugutunna swarakartagaa, mariyu italian operatic sampradaayaaniki pramukha pratipaadakamgaa verdiki atyanta varasudiga sthaapinchindi. ilika mariyu giacosa pukkineeki athani tadupari moodu operaala kosam libretistulugaa tirigi vacchaaru, bahusha athani goppa vijayalu "laa bohem", "tosca" mariyu "medama seethaakokachiluka".
madhya vrutti.
"laa bohem".
maanan lescout" taruvaata pukkinee tadupari pani "laa bohem", idhi henry murgarh raasina 1851 pustakam "laa vii dii bohem" aadhaaramgaa roopondinchina naalugu-charyala opera. "laa bohem" 1896loe turinlo pradarsinchabadindi, dheenini arturo toscanini nirvahinchaaru. konni samvatsaraalalo, idhi britton thoo paatu united states thoo sahaa airopaloni aneka pramukha opera houselalo pradarsinchabadindi. idhi prajaadarana pondina vijayam, mariyu ippativaraku vraasina atyanta tarachugaa pradarsinchabadina operaalalo okatigaa migilipoyindi.
opera yokka libretto, murger yokka episodic navala nundi swechchagaa sweekarinchabadindi, yuva pradhana paatrala yokka paedha jeevitam yokka haasya amsaalanu vishaada amsaalatoe militam chestundi, yuva kuttesi yokka maranam vantidi. milan loe oka yuvakudigaa pukkinee sonta jeevitam libretto yokka amsaalaku preranagaa panichesindi. conservatory vidyaarthigaa unna samvatsaraallo mariyu "maanan lescout" kii mundu samvatsaraallo, athanu "laa bohem" looni bohemianla maadirigaane paedarikaanni anubhavinchaadu, indulo aaharam, dustulu mariyu adde chellinchadaaniki dabbu vanti nityaavasaraala korata kooda undhi. pukkineeki rome () looni swachchanda sangham oka chinna nelawari stifund manjuru chesinappatiki, praathamika kharchulanu teerchadaaniki athanu tarachugaa thana aastulanu giraki pettalsi vachedi. pukkinee samakaaleenulaina walkeling dry mariyu eugenio chechi vanti prarambha jeevitacharitrakaarulu, eee sanghatanalu mariyu operaaloni pratyeka sanghatanala madhya spashtamaina samaantaraalanu geesaaru. checchi taanu vidyaarthigaa unnappudu pukkinee unchina daireeni udaharinchaadu, idhi oka sandarbhaanni record chesindi, indulo opera yokka act 4 loe, oke herring naluguru vyaktulaku vindugaa vaddinchabadindi. pukkinee swayamgaa ilaa vyaakhyaaninchaaduh "neenu aaa" bohem "loe jeevinchaanu, oka opera yokka theemnu koorutuu naa medadulo inca etuvanti aalochana kadalakapoyinappudu". (")
pukkinee yokka "laa bohem" kuurpu pukkinee mariyu thoti swarakarta raggiro leoncavallo madhya praja vivaadaaniki sambandhinchina vishayam. 1893 praarambhamlo, iddaru swarakartalu iddaroo murger rachana aadhaaramgaa operaalanu raayadamlo nimagnamai unnaarani kanugonnaru. leoncavallo modata thana panini praarambhinchaadu, mariyu athanu mariyu athani sangeeta prachuranakarta eee amsampai "praadhaanyata" undani paerkonnaaru (murger yokka pani public domainlo unnappatikee). pukkinee leoncavallo project gurinchi etuvanti ghnaanam lekunda thana sonta panini praarambhinchaadani pratispandinchi ilaa vraasaadu "atanni compose cheyanivvandi. neenu compose chestaanu. prekshakulu nirnayistaaru."pukkinee yokka opera leoncavallo kante oka samvatsaram mundu pradarsinchabadindi, mariyu shaashwata prekshakulaku ishtamainadi, leoncavallo yokka version twaragaa aspashtataloki masakabaarindi.
"taski".
laa bohem" tarvaata pukkinee tadupari rachana "tosca" (1900), idhi himsatho sahaa nija jeevitamlooni aneka koonaala vaastavika chitrana, "verismo" loki pukkinee yokka modati prayatnam. pukkinee 1889loe victorine sardov raasina "tosca" natakanni chusinappati nundi eee amsampai oka operaanu pariseelistuu unnadu, athanu thana prachuranakarta giulio recordici vraasinappudu, eee panini operaagaa maarchadaaniki sardo anumati pondamani vedukunnaruhu "neenu eee operaalo chuustunnaanu" tosca "naaku opera avasaram, atigaa perigina nishpattulu, vistrutamaina drushyam lekunda, ledhaa adhi saadhaarana adhika mottamlo sangeetaanni korukodu."
tosca" sangeetam nirdishta paatralu mariyu bhavodvegalaku sangeeta santakaalanu upayogistundi, veetini vagnerian letmotivelatho poolchaaru, kontamandi samakaaleenulu pukkineeni richard wagnerche prabhaavitamaina kotta sangeeta sailini avalambinchinatlu chuusaaru. itarulu panini bhinnamgaa chuusaaru. tosca" vagnerian prabhavalanu pradarsinchindani vacchina aaropananu tiraskaristuu, 1900 fibravari 20 naati torino premierpy nivedinchina oka vimarsakudu ilaa vraasaadu "meeru dheeni kante ekkuva pukkiniyan skornu kanugonagalarani neenu anukonu."
kaaru pramaadam mariyu maranam sameepamlo.
1903 fibravari 25naa, pakka nundi torre dell lagoku rahadaaripai raatri samayamlo prayaanistunnappudu kaaru pramaadamloo pukkinee teevramgaa gayapaddadu. kaarunu pukkinee driver naduputunnadu mariyu pukkinee, athani kaboye bhaarya elvira mariyu vaari kumarudu antoniolanu mosukeltunnadu. adhi roddu meeda nundi velli, konni meterlu kinda padi, pakkaku jaaripoyindi. elvira mariyu antonio kaaru nundi kindaki jaarukoni, swalpa gaayaalato tappinchukunnaaru. kaaru nundi visirina pukkinee driver kooda athani toda todaku teevramaina fracture vachindi. pukkinee vahanam kinda chikkukupoyadu, athani kudi kaalu teevramgaa virigindi mariyu kaarulo oka bhaagam athani chaatiipai nokkadamtho. pramaadam jarigina pradaesaaniki sameepamlo nivasistunna oka vaidyudu, daryaaptu cheyadaaniki vacchina maroka vyaktitoe kalisi, pukkineeni sidhilaala nundi rakshinchaadu. gaayam sarigga nayam kaaledu, mariyu pukkinee nelala tarabadi chikitsa pondutuu undipoyindi. athanu vaidya pareekshala samayamlo athanu oka rakamaina madhumehamtho baadhapadutunnaadani kooda kanugonabadindi. pramaadam mariyu daani parinaamaalu pukkinee thana tadupari pani "medama seethaakokachiluka" puurti cheyadaanni mandaginchaayi.
"maydom seethaakokachiluka".
medama seethaakokachiluka" yokka asalu version 1904 fibravari 17naa laa scalalo rosina storchio taitil roll thoo pradarsinchabadindi. dheenini praarambhamlo goppa satrutvamto swaagatinchaaru (bahusha taginanta rehearsals lekapovadam valla). pradarsana samayamlo storchio yokka kimono anukokunda paiki lechinappudu, prekshakulalo kondaru "seethaakokachiluka garbhavati" mariyu "chinna toscanini undhi" anie kekalu veyadam praarambhinchaaru. taruvaati vyakhya arturo toscanini thoo aame baga pracharam cheyabadina sambandhaanni suuchimchimdi. eee version rendu karyakramalalo undhi; daani vinaasakaramaina premiere tarvaata, pukkinee operaanu upasamharinchukundi, mae 1904loe bressialo vaastavamgaa rendava premiere kosam mariyu london, us mariyu paarislooni buenous airslo pradarsanalu kosam daanini savarinchindi. 1907loe, pukkinee operaaku aidava samskaranalo thana chivari savaranalu chesaadu, idhi "praamaanika samskarana" gaa prasiddhi chendindi. nedu, opera yokka praamaanika version prapanchavyaaptamgaa tarachugaa pradarsinchabade version. ayithe, asalu 1904 version appudappudu pradarsinchabadutundi, mariyu record cheyabadindi.
taruvaata pani chestundi.
1904 taruvaata, pukkinee rachanalu takkuvagaa undevi. 1906loe giacosa maraninchindi, 1909loe pukkinee bhaarya elvira, vaari panimanishi doria manfreddyki pukkineetho sambandham undani tappugaa aaropinchina taruvaata kumbhakonam jarigindi. chivaraku, 1912loe, pukkinee sampadakudu mariyu prachuranakarta ayina giulio recordi maranam, athani vrutti jeevitamlo utpaadaka kaalanni muginchindi.
"laa fanciullah dell west".
pukkinee 1910loe david belasco raasina natakam aadhaaramgaa "laa fanciullah dell west" nuu puurti chesindi. dheenini newyorkloni metropolitan operaalo 10 december 1910naa eniro caruso mariyu emmy destin vanti stars thoo praarambhinchaaru, veeri kosam pukkinee dick johnson mariyu minnie yokka pradhana paatralanu srushtinchaaru. appudu aaa samavesaniki sangeeta darsakudu ayina toscanini nirvahinchaaru. eee samavesamlo opera yokka modati prapancha premiere idhi. premiere goppa vijayanni saadhinchindi. ayithe, operaalo upayoginchina kuurpu shaili, konni stand-ontarigaa arialatho, aaa samayamlo vimarsinchabadindi. kontamandi samakaaleenulu operaanu "american" swaraanni saadhinchadamlo viphalamainanduku vimarsinchaaru. ayithe, eee opera italian operatic roopamlo adhunaatana harmonic bhasha mariyu layabaddha sanklishtatanu cherchinanduku prasamsimchabadimdi. adanamgaa, opera nundi oka area, "chella mii creda", operatic teners dwara sankalanam albumlalo pradhaanamainadigaa maarindi. modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo, italian sainikulu tama aatmalanu kaapaadukoovadaaniki eee arianu paadaarani chebutaaru. 2008loe vacchina italian chitram, "pukkinee eah laa fanciullah" ("pukkinee und dhi gurl"), ayana operaanu compose chestunnappudu ayana jeevita kaalam aadhaaramgaa roopondinchabadindi.
"raddon".
pukkinee rendu samvatsaraala pani taruvaata 1916loe giusape adamiche "laa rondin" yokka skornu puurti chesindi, mariyu idhi 1917 marchi 27naa grand theatray dii monte kaarlo vadda pradarsinchabadindi. opera modata vienna yokka carlthator chetha praarambhinchabadindi; ayithe, modati prapancha yuddham praarambhamainanduna premiere akkada ivvakunda nirodhinchabadindi. antekakunda, recordi samstha opera skornu tiraskarinchindi-giulio recordi kumarudu taito appudu baadhyatalu nirvartinchaaru mariyu athanu operaanu "chedda lehar" gaa abhivarninchaadu. dheenini vaari pratyarthi lorenzo sonajogno teesukunnaru, athanu tatastha monacolo modati pradarsananu erpaatu chesaadu. swarakarta thana maranam varaku, thana parinati chendina operaalalo kaneesam telisina eee chitraanni savarinche panini konasaginchadu.
"laa rondin" modatlo oka operatta gaa bhaavinchabadindi, conny pukkinee matlade sambhaashanhanu tolaginchi, panini opera roopamlo marinta daggaragaa chesindi. oka aadhunika sameekshakudu "laa rondin" nuu "waltz tyoonlu, aakarshanheeyamaina pop-shaili sraavyamaina paatalu mariyu vyaamoham gala prema sangeetam yokka nirantara fabric" gaa abhivarninchaaru, adhe samayamlo kathaamsaanni 'laa traviata' mariyu 'dye fledermass' vanti rachanala nundi recycling paatralu mariyu sanghatanalugaa varninchaaru.
"ill tritico": "ill tabaro", "suor angelica", mariyu "giani skitchi".
1918loe, "ill tritico" newyorklo pradarsinchabadindi. eee rachana moodu vann-act operaalato koodi untundi, okkokkati oka maranaanni daachadaaniki sambandhinchinadih parisian grand gignol shaililo oka bhayankaramaina episode (ill tabaro), oka sentimental trajady ("suor angelica"), mariyu oka comedy ("giani skitchi").
"turandot".
"pukkinee yokka chivari opera ayina "turandot", 1924 novemberlo swarakarta maraninchinappudu asampuurnamgaa migilipoyindi, mariyu chivari rendu sannivesaalanu swarakarta yokka rekhaachitraala aadhaaramgaa franco alfano puurti chesaaru. turandot" kosam libretto kaarlo gojji adhe paerutoe raasina natakam aadhaaramgaa roopondinchabadindi. opera sangeetam pentatonic muulaamsaalatoe bhaareega pratibimbistumdi, idhi sangeethaaniki asea ruchini utpatti cheyadaaniki uddesinchabadindi. "turandot" loe aneka chirasmaraneeyamaina stand-ontari arialu unnaayi, vaatilo "nesun dorma" unnaayi.
libretistulu.
edger" yokka libretto aaa opera vaiphalyaaniki mukhyamaina amsam. aaa taruvaata, mukhyamgaa thana madhya mariyu chivari kereer antataa, pukkinee kotta rachanala kosam thana vishayaala empikalo chaalaa empikagaa, konnisaarlu anischitamgaa undevaadu. pukkinee libretto vraase prakriyaloo lothugaa palgonnadu, nirmaanam mariyu vachanam rendinti paramgaa athani libretti yokka aneka punaraavruta savaranalu avasaram. pukkinee thana libretistulatho sambandhaalu konnisaarlu chaalaa kashtamgaa undevi. athani prachuranakarta, ayithe, tarachugaa vaari madhya vivaadaalu mariyu addamkulaku madhyavartitvam cheyavalasi vachedi.
pukkinee aneka saadhyamayye vishayalanu anveshinchaadu, vaatini chivariki gananeeyamaina prayatnam chesina tarvaata matrame athanu tiraskarinchaadu-libretto srushti vantivi-vaatilo unchabaddaayi. pukkinee teevramgaa pariganinchina, conny vadaliveyabadina vishayaalalo "christophoro slai", "yanima alegra" (seraphine mariyu jokewin alvarez quintero raasina "ell genio alegre" natakam aadhaaramgaa), "rendu chinna chekka bootlu" ("ii due jokletti") (maria luis raame raasina chinna katha, a.keey.eah. oyidaa), maerii antoinette, margerita daa cartona, mariyu "shankhita" (pierry lois raasina "laa femme ett leey pantin"-"dhi women und dhi tolubomma" navala aadhaaramgaa). eee vidichipettabadina vishayaalalo konnintini itara swarakartalu teesukoni operaalugaa marcharu. udaaharanaku, franco vittadini "yanima elagra" yokka operaanu roopondinchaaru, maskagni yokka opera "lodoleta" "rendu chinna chekka bootla" nundi udbhavinchindi, mariyu ricardo jandonai chivariki "shankhita" anie raasaaru.
torre dell laago.
1891 nundi, pukkinee thana ekkuva samayanni vyaapaaraaniki prayaninchanappudu, ligurian samudram mariyu sarassu masassiukkoli madhya unna lukkaku padihenu mailla dhooramlo unna oka chinna samaajamaina torre dell lagolo gadipadu, idhi vayaa reggioku dakshinaana undhi. kukkiniki vaeta patla unna premanu aasvaadinchadaaniki torre dell laago praathamika pradaesam. "naaku vaeta antey ishtam, naaku kaarlu antey ishtam, eee vishayaala kosam, torre dell laago yokka ekaantamlo, neenu vishwaasaanni unchukuntaanu."(" "amoe laa kassia, adoro ell automobile ii eah questo ii eah kwella nelle solitudini dii torre dell laago serbo intara laa miah phed".")
1900 natiki, athanu bhoomini sampaadinchi, sarassupai oka villanu nirminchaadu, ippudu dheenini "villa pukkinee" anie pilustaaru. 1921 varaku ayana akkade nivasinchaaru, sarassupai peat panula dwara utpatti ayye kalushyam kaaranamgaa athanu konni kilometres uttaraana unna reggio meedugaa vellavalasi vachindi. athani maranam taruvaata, villaalo pukkineeloo oka samadhini srushtinchaaru mariyu swarakartanu chaapello khananam chesaaru, taruvaata maraninchina athani bhaarya mariyu kodukutho paatu.
eee villa museo athani manumaralu simonetta pukkineeki aame maranam varaku yajamanyamlo undedi mariyu idhi prajalaku terichi undhi. vaarshika panduga pukkinee torre dell lagolo jarugutundi.
vivaham mariyu vyavaharalu.
1884 saradrutuvulo, pukkinee lukkaalo elvira zemignani (nee bonturi, 1860-1930) anae vivaahita mahilatho sambandhaanni praarambhinchindi. elvira bhartha, narsiso jemignani, "paschaattaapapadani streevaadi", mariyu elvira vivaham santoshakaramainadi kaadu. elvira pukkineetho garbhavati ayyindi, mariyu vaari kumarudu, antonio (1886-1946), monjaalo janminchaadu. garbham choopinchadam praarambhinchinappudu elvira lukkanu vidichipetti, gassip nivaarinchadaaniki vaerae chota janmanichindi. narsiso, fosca (1880-1968) dwara janminchina antonio mariyu elvira kumarte elvira, kontakaalam tarvaata pukkineetho jeevinchadam praarambhinchindi. narsisoku sambandham unna oka mahila bhartha narsisonu champi, 1903 fibravari 26naa, pukkinee kaaru pramaadam jarigina oka roeju taruvaata maraninchaadu. appudu matrame, 1904 praarambhamlo, pukkinee mariyu elvira vivaham chesukogaligaru, mariyu antonionu chattabaddham cheyagaligaaru.
pukkinee mariyu elvira madhya vivaham kooda avishwaasamtho ibbandi padindi, endukante pukkineeki maria geritza, emmy destin, sesira ferrani mariyu harika darkley vanti prasiddha gaayakulato sahaa tarachugaa vyavaharalu undevi. 1906loe, budapestlo "medama seethaakokachiluka" praarambhootsavaaniki hajarainappudu, hangerian swarakarta erwin lendwoy (athani snehitudu mariyu chaalaa samvatsaraalugaa protez) sodari blanck lendvaytho pukkinee premalo padindi. 1911loe german kuleenuraalu baroness josephine vaan stangeltho sambandham praarambhamayye varaku blanck mariyu pukkinee prema lekhalanu marpidi chesukunnaru, idhi aaru samvatsaraala paatu konasaagindi.
1909loe, pukkinee kutumbamlo panichese panimanishi doria manfreddyki swarakartatho sambandham undani pukkinee bhaarya elvira bahirangamgaa aaropinchindi. eee aaropana tarvaata, manfreddy aatmahatya chesukunnadu. ayithe, aamepai vacchina aaropanalanu khandistu, shavapareekshalo manfreddy kanyaga maraninchinatlu nirdhaarinchabadindi. elvira pukkineeni apavaadu kosam vichaarinchaaru, mariyu manfreddy kutumbaaniki pukkinee chellinchinappatikii, sikshanu anubhavinchakundaa elviraanu tappinchinappatikii, aidu nelalaku paiga jailu siksha vidhinchabadindi. kontamandi sangeeta vimarsakulu mariyu pukkinee rachanala vyaakhyaatalu pukkineepai eee sanghatana yokka manasika prabhavalu athani kereerlo taruvaata rachanalanu puurti cheyagala saamarthyaanni jokyam chesukuntayani, alaage aatmahatya dwara vishaadakaramgaa maraninche baanisa ammai ayina liu ("turandot" nundi) vanti athani paatrala abhivruddhini kooda prabhaavitam chesayani oohinchaaru.
2007loe, manfreddy kutumbaaniki chendina nadia manfreddy vadda patraalu kanugonabaddayi, idhi pukkineeki vaastavaaniki doria bandhuvu giulia maanfredeetho sambandham undani suuchimchimdi. eee patraalanu kanugonna taruvaata, pukkinee giulia manfreddy kumarudaina antonioku janmanicchindani, idhi nadianu pukkinee manavaraalini chestundi anie patrikalu aaropinchadam praarambhinchaayi.
rajakeeyaalu.
wagner mariyu verdi maadirigaa kakunda, pukkinee rajakeeyaalalo churukuga laedu. pukkinee jeevitacharitrakaarudu maerii jaine phillips-matz ilaa vraasaaru "eee mottam kaalamlo [modati prapancha yuddham mariyu daani takshana parinaamaalu], pukkinee rajakeeyaalapai aasakti sunnaki daggaragaa undhi, endukante idhi athani jeevitamantaa, evaruu teerpu cheppagaliginanta varaku. athanu mayer ennikala nundi romlo cabinet niyaamakaala varaku pratidaanikii daadaapu udaseenamgaa kanipinchaadu."maroka jeevitacharitrakaarudu pukkinee raajakeeya tatvasaastram kaligi unte-raacharikavaadi ayi undavacchani oohinchaaru.
modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo pukkinee rajakeeyaala patla chuupina udaaseenata ataniki samasyalanu kaliginchindi. 1914 vesavilo (yuddham prarambha nelallo) oka vaadana kaaranamgaa pukkineeki thoskaanineetho sudeerghakaalam mariyu sannihita sneham daadaapu oka dasaabdam paatu antaraayam kaliginchindi, eee samayamlo pukkinee itali german samstha nundi prayojanam pondagaladani vyaakhyaaninchindi. italii mariyu austria-hangari 1915loe yuddhamlo pratyarthulugaa maarina taruvaata 1913loe austrian theatre thoo commission oppandam prakaram "laa rondin" paie chesina pani kosam yuddha samayamlo pukkinee kooda vimarsinchabaddaadu (ayithe oppandam chivariki raddu cheyabadindi). pukkinee praja yuddha prayatnamlo paalgonaledu, conny yuddham valla prabhaavitamaina vyaktulu mariyu kutumbaalaku praivetugaa sahayam andinchindi.
1919loe, modati prapancha yuddhamlo italii vijayaalanu gowravinchadam dwara oka sangeethaaniki sangeetam raayadaaniki pukkineeni niyaminchaaru. inno eah roma" (rome kuu shlokam) anae pani, 1919 april 21naa, rome sthaapana vaarshikotsavam sandarbhamgaa pradarsinchabadaalsi undhi. modati pradarsana 1919 juun 1 varaku alasyam cheyabadindi, idhi gymnastics pootii praarambhotsavamlo aadabadindi. faasistula kosam vrayabadanappatiki, faasist veedhi kavaatulu mariyu bahiranga vedukala samayamlo "ino eah roma" vistrutamgaa aadabadindi.
pukkinee thana maranaaniki mundu samvatsaramlo benito mussolini mariyu italian faasist paarteetho kontha sambandham kaligi unnadu. 1923loe visergio looni faasist party pukkineeni gourava sabhyudiga chesi, ataniki sabhyatva kaardunu pampindi. ayithe, pukkinee vaastavaaniki faasist paarteelo sabhyudani rujuvulu aspashtamgaa unnaayi. italian senate saampradayakamgaa deshaaniki vaari saamskrutika sahakaaraaniki gurtimpugaa niyaminchabadina koddi sankhyalo sabhyulanu kaligi undhi. verdiki manjuru cheyabadina eee gowravaanni saadhinchaalani pukkinee aasinchaadu mariyu appointment teesukuraavadaaniki thana connectionlanu upayoginchadaaniki teesukunnadu. gourava senatorlu ootu veyagaliginappatiki, pukkinee eee prayojanam kosam niyamakanni korinatlu etuvanti suuchana ledhu. pukkinee kooda prabhutva maddatu avasaramayye project ayina viagziolo jaateeya rangasthalaanni sthaapinchaalani korukunnadu. pukkinee 1923 navambaru mariyu decemberulo rendusaarlu mussolineeni kalusukuni, theatre prajectuku maddatu korindi. eee naataka project ennadoo phalinchakapoyinappatiki, pukkineeki athani maranaaniki konni nelala mundu senator ("senatore eah veetaa") gaa paeru pettaru.
pukkinee mussolineeni kalisina samayamlo, mussolini sumaru oka samvatsaram paatu pradhana mantrigaa unnaaru, conny 1924 saadhaarana ennikala himsa mariyu avakatavakalu dwara athani party inca italian paarlamentupai puurti niyantrananu teesukoledu. 1925 janavari 3naa pratinidhula sabha mundu thana prasangamlo mussolini pratinidhi prabhutvam mugimpu, faasist niyantrutvam prarambhanni prakatinchinappudu pukkinee sajeevamgaa laedu.
maranam.
toscano sigaarlu mariyu sigaretla golusu dhumapanam chese pukkinee 1923 chivarilo deerghakaalika gonthu noppi gurinchi firyadu cheyadam praarambhinchaadu. gonthu cancer nirdhaarana athani vaidyulu kotta mariyu prayogaatmaka radiation therapy chikitsanu sifaarsu cheyadaaniki daariteesindi, idhi brasselslo andinchabadindi. pukkinee mariyu athani bharyaku cancer entha teevramgaa undho teliyadu, endukante aaa vaarta athani kodukuku matrame velladaindi.
pukkinee 1924 november 29naa, chikitsa tarvaata vacchina samasyala kaaranamgaa 65 samvatsaraala vayasulo brasselslo maraninchaadu; aniyantrita raktasraavam shastrachikitsa tarvaata roeju gundepotuku daariteesindi. laa bohem" pradarsana samayamlo athani maranam vaartalu romku cherukunnayi. opera ventane nilipiveyabadindi, mariyu archestra digbhraantiki guraina prekshakula kosam chaapin yokka "antyakriyala kavaatu" nuu vaayinchindi. athanu milan loe, toscanini kutumba samaadhilo khananam cheyabaddaadu, conny adhi ellappuduu taatkaalika charyaga uddesinchabadindi. 1926loe athani kumarudu thana tandri avasheshaalanu torre dell lagoloni pukkinee villa lopala pratyaekamgaa srushtinchina chaapelku badilee cheyadaaniki erpaatu chesaadu.
shaili mariyu vimarsanaatmaka sweekarana.
chaalaa vistrutamgaa, pukkinee shaastreeya sangeetam yokka chivari-srungaara kaalam shaililo raasaaru (srungaara sangeetam chudandi). sangeeta charitrakaarulu pukkineeni "geovane schoola" ("yuva paatasaala") loe oka bhaagamgaa kooda suuchistaaru, idhi italian operatic sannivesamloki vacchina swarakartala samuuham, endukante verdi yokka kereer mugimpuku vachindi, maskagni, leoncavallo mariyu krinda perkonna itarulu. pukkineeni tarachugaa "verismo" swarakartagaa kooda suuchistaaru.
pukkinee kereer srungaara kaalam mugimpu nundi aadhunika kaalam varaku vistarinchindi. athanu kotta pokadalatho vegaanni konasaaginchadaaniki thana sailini 'naveekarinchadaaniki' uddeshapoorvakamgaa prayatninchaadu, conny aadhunika sailini puurtigaa sweekarinchadaaniki prayatninchaledu. oka vimarsakudu, andrew davis ilaa perkonnaduh "pantommidava sataabdapu italian-opera sampradaayaala patla vidheyata mariyu, marinta saadhaaranamgaa, athani tuscon vaarasatvam yokka sangeeta bhasha patla vidheyata anedi pukkinee sangeetam yokka spashtamaina lakshanaalalo okati."ayithe, german symphonic sampradaayam, french swaramela mariyu vaadyavrunda sampradaayaalu, mariyu kontavaraku, vagnerian chromatism yokka amsaalatoe sahaa pukkinee paniloo" "saileekruta bahuvachanam" "nuu kooda davis gurtinchaadu". adanamgaa, pukkinee tarachugaa thana operaalalo bayati muulaala nundi sangeetam ledhaa sabdaalanu parichayam cheyadaaniki prayatninchaadu, udaaharanaku athanu turandot loe chainees jaanapada sraavyamaina vaatini upayoginchadam.
pukkinee yokka anni operaalalo pradhana gayakudi kosam kaneesam oka sett mukka untundi, idhi daani parisaraala nundi vaerugaa untundi, dheenini oka pratyaekamaina aria gaa pariganinchavacchu, mariyu athani rachanalalo chaalaa varaku veetilo anekam unnaayi. adhe samayamlo, pukkinee yokka pani sett mukkala shreni nundi nirminchina operaalaku dhooramgaa dhoranini konasaaginchindi, badulugaa marinta "throo-composed" ledhaa integrated nirmaanaanni upayoginchindi. ayana rachanalu balamgaa sraavyamgaa untaayi. vaadyavrundamlo, pukkinee tarachugaa swara rekhanu ekaswaramlo ledhaa ashtapadaalalo rettimpu chesi, sraavyamaina geetaanni nokkicheppadaaniki mariyu balopetam cheyadaaniki.
"verismo" anedi 1890loe maskagni yokka "" cavalleria rusticana "" yokka modati pradarsanatoe praarambhamaina italian opera yokka shaili, idhi 1900la praarambhamlo garishta sthaayiki cherukundi mariyu 1920la varaku konasaagindi ". eee sailini vaastavikamaina-konnisaarlu neechamaina ledhaa himsaatmaka-rojuvaaree jeevita chitranalu, mukhyamgaa samakaaleena diguva taragatula jeevitam dwara vaeru chestaaru. verismo saadhaaranamgaa srungaaravaadamto sambandham unna chaaritraka ledhaa pouraanika vishayalanu upayoginchadu. "cavalleria rusticana", "pagliachi", "mariyu" "andrea cheniyar" "lanu oke vidhamgaa" "verismo" "operaalugaa pariganistaaru". swarakartagaa pukkinee kereer daadaapu puurtigaa "verismo" udyamaaniki anugunamgaa untundi. athani "lae villie" mariyu "edger" matrame "cavalleria rusticana" kii mundu unnaayi. kontamandi pukkineeni tappanisarigaa "verismo" swarakartagaa bhaavistaaru, marikondaru, athanu udyamamlo kontavaraku paalgonnaadani angeekarinchinappatiki, atanni "swachchamaina" verismo "swarakartagaa chudaru. adanamgaa, pukkinee dwara yea nirdishta operaalu anedaaniki vimarsakulu bhinnamgaa untaaru, ledhaa sarigga "verismo" operaalugaa varninchabadavu. pukkinee yokka rendu operaalu, "tosca" mariyu "ill tabaro", vishwavyaaptamgaa "verismo" operaalugaa pariganinchabadataayi. pukkinee panditudu mosco corner pukkinee yokka rendu operaalanu matrame "tosca" mariyu "ill tabaro" kakunda "verismo" paatasaalalo uncharu "medama seethaakokachiluka", mariyu "laa fancullah dell west". pukkinee rachinchina moodu "verismo" rachanalu matrame vedikapai kramam tappakunda kanipistuunee unnaayi (paina perkonna "cavalleria rusticana", "pagliyachi" mariyu "andrea cheniyar"), pukkinee yokka sahakaram eee sailiki shaashwata praamukhyatanu kaligi undhi.
thana jeevitakaalamlo mariyu bhavishyat kaalamlo, pukkinee vijayam athani kaalamlooni itara italian opera swarakartalanu adhigaminchindi, mariyu eee vishayamlo athanu opera yokka mottam charitralo koddimandi swarakartalache saripolchabaddadu. 2004 mariyu 2018 madhya, operabase survey chesinatlugaa, prapanchavyaaptamgaa thana operaala pradarsanala sankhyalo pukkinee moodava sthaanamlo (verdi mariyu mosart venuka) undhi. athani moodu operaalu ("laa bohem", "tosca", mariyu "maydom seethaakokachiluka") prapanchavyaaptamgaa atyanta tarachugaa pradarsinchabade 10 operaalalo unnaayi.
operaapai praamaanika suuchana rachana ayina "puurti opera pustakam" yokka asalu rachayita gustav cobe 1919 editionloo ilaa vraasaaru "pukkinee nedu operatic italilo atyanta mukhyamaina vyaktigaa pariganinchabadutundi, verdi varasudu, edainaa unte."itara samakaaleenulu eee abhiprayanni panchukunnaru. pukkineeni polchina taraaniki chendina italian opera swarakarthalalo pietro maskagni (1863-1945), raggero leoncavallo (1857-1919), umberto giordano (1867-1948), francesco silia (1866-1950), baaran pierentonio tasca (1858-1934), getano coronaro (1852-1908), mariyu alberto franchetty (1860-1942) unnaaru. pukkinee yokka italian samakaaleenulache mugguru swarakartalu mariyu moodu rachanalu matrame atyanta pradarsinchabadina rachanala operabase jaabitaalo kanipistaayih maskagni dwara "cavalleria rusticana", raggero leoncalo dwara "pagliyachi", mariyu amberto giordano dwara "andrea cheniyar". cobe pukkinee yokka "nirantara" vijayanni saadhinche saamarthyaanni kevalam "oka sanchalanaatmakamgaa vijayavantamaina chinna opera" kante ekkuva utpatti cheyadamlo maskagni mariyu leoncavallo vaiphalyamtho viruddhamgaa choopinchaadu. 1924loe pukkinee maraninche samayaniki, athanu thana rachanala nundi $4 millionlu sampaadinchaadu.
pukkinee rachana yokka prajaadarana pondina vijayam kaadanalenidi ayinappatikee, kuurpu yokka naipunhyamlo athani naipunhyam sthiramgaa gurtinchabadinappatiki, athani pani yokka kalaatmaka viluva gurinchi vimarsakula madhya abhiprayam ellappuduu vibhajinchabadindi. aanlainlo grove sangeetam pukkinee yokka balaanni swarakartagaa eee krindi vidhamgaa vivarinchindihi
pukkinee thana mundu yea itara italian cheyani vidhamgaa archestralo praaveenyam pondadamlo vijayam saadhinchaadu, goppa italian sampradaayam nundi vaarasatvamgaa vacchina nirmaanaalanu taarumaaru cheyadam dwara kotta roopaalanu srushtinchaadu, italianlo emi jarugutundo daanitoe peddagaa ledhaa aemee sambandham laeni saahasopetamaina sraavyamaina purogati thoo vaatini load chesaadu, ayinappatikee vaaru french, austrian mariyu german sahacharula panitho adugu pettaru.
pukkineepai thana paniloo, juuliyan buden pukkineeni bahumati pondina mariyu asalu swarakartagaa varninchaadu, "chey gelida manina" vanti rachanala prajaadaranaloo daagi unna aavishkarananu paerkonnaadu. athanu arianu sangeeta paramgaa vivaristaadu (udaaharanaku saamarasyamlo ponduparachabadina santakam), mariyu daani nirmaanam aaa samayamlo vinabadanidi anie etthi chuuputaadu, moodu vibhina sangeeta paeraalu kaligi undi, avi ayinappatikee puurti mariyu pondikaina mottaanni yerparustaayi. sangeeta prayogamlo eee utsaaham pukkinee shaili yokka saaraamsam, idhi athani vibhina amarikalalo mariyu katha mariyu vachanamlo unnadaaniki minchina aalochanalanu vyakteekarinchadaaniki muulaamsam yokka upayogamlo rujuvu cheyabadindi.
ayithe, pukkinee thana sangeetaanni taginantagaa adhunaatanamainadigaa ledhaa kashtamgaa bhaavinche kontamandi sangeeta vimarsakulache nirantaram nigrahaaniki guraindi. eee samakaaleena italian vimarsakudu vanti kontamandi thana prekshakulanu santoshapettadaaniki ayana chesina prayatnaalanu spashtamgaa khandincharu
athanu ishtapuurvakamgaa chinna medhavi vadda tananu taanu aapivestaadu, prajala ruchini taakataadu... chaalaa saahasopetamaina aavishkaranalanu mondigaa vadulukondi... oka chinna veeratvam, conny goppa ettulaku teesukellabadaledu; konchem veristic comedy, conny kluptamgaa; chaalaa sentiment mariyu romantic idial idhi athanu aanandaanni kanugone vantakam. ()
pukkinee yokka apaaramaina prajaadarana pondina vijayam mariyu oka vaipu saanketika naipunhyam yokka vairudhyaanni mariyu athani panini vidyaavaettalu kaligi unna saapeksha nirlakshyam gurinchi buden vivarinchadaaniki prayatninchaaduh
pukkinee kante yea swarakarta prekshakulato neerugaa communicate cheyaru. nijaaniki, chaalaa samvatsaraalugaa ayana thana sonta prajaadaranaku baadhitulugaa unnaaru; anduvalla vidya vargalalo ayana sangeethaaniki pratighatana erpadindi. ayithe, verdi yokka sraavyamaina paatalu okappudu baarel-orgaon pasugraasam anie kottipareyabadinatlu gurthunchukondi. nijam emitante, prajalanu ventane aakarshinche sangeetam chedu anukaranaku lobadi untundi, idhi asalu meeda aspashtamaina needanu chooputundi. nakilee pusinian sraavyata sentiment operetta prapanchamlo aadhipatyam chelaayinchinanta kaalam, chaalaa mandiki nijamaina kathanamtho oppandam chesukovadam kashtam. ippudu telikapati sangeetam yokka prastuta naanem maarinanduna, sconberg, ravel mariyu stravinsky prasamsimchina swarakarta thana puurti hodaalo udbhavinchadam chudavachu.
pukkinee adhyayanalu.
1996loe lukkaalo sthaapinchabadina centro dii study giacomo pukkinee pukkinee pani adhyayanaaniki vistruta shreni vidhaanaalanu sweekaristundi. americalo, pukkinee studies kosam american center swarakarta rachanala asaadhaarana pradarsana editionla pradarsanalo pratyekata kaligi undhi mariyu nirlakshyam cheyabadina ledhaa teliyani pukkinee mukkalanu parichayam chestundi. dheenini 2004loe gayakudu mariyu darsakudu harry dunston sthaapinchaaru.
pani chestundi.
pukkinee archestra mukkalu, pavitra sangeetam, chhambar sangeetam, piano kosam solo sangeetam mariyu orgaon mariyu vois mariyu piano kosam paatalu raasaaru, mukhyamgaa athani 1880 maas "messa dii gloria", 1882 yokka athani "preludio synphonico" mariyu athani 1890 string quartet udyamam "chrysantemy". ayithe, athanu pradhanamgaa thana operaalaku prasiddhi chendaaduh