
francesco gikkiyardini

francesco guecardini (; 6 marchi 1483-22 mae 1540) oka italian charitrakaarudu mariyu raajaneetignudu. nikolo machiyavelli yokka snehitudu mariyu vimarsakudu, athanu italian punarujjeevanamloni pradhana raajakeeya rachayithalalo okarigaa pariganinchabaddaadu. thana kalakhandam, "dhi history off italii" loe, guecardini thana vaadanalaku maddatu ivvadaaniki mariyu thana kaalamlooni prajalu mariyu sanghatanala vaastavika vislaeshanhaku maddatu ivvadaaniki prabhutva vanarulanu upayoginchadam dwara charitra rachanalo kotta sailiki maargam sugamam chesaaru.
jeevita charitra.
prarambha jeevitam.
francesco guecardini florentine republicklo bhaagamaina italian nagaramaina florencelo 1483 marchi 6naa janminchaadu. athanu piero dii icopo guecardini mariyu simona dii bongiani gianfigliazi yokka 11 mandhi pillalalo muudavavaadu. guecardini florentine kuleena vargaaniki baga sthirapadina sabhyulu, alaage medisi kutumbaaniki maddatudaarulu. florentine rajakeeyaalalo prabhaavavantamaina, guecardini puurveekulu aneka taraalugaa raashtramlo atyunnata gourava padavulanu nirvahinchaaru, idhi athani swantha vamsavali "recordi aatmakatha eah dii famiglia" loe chudavachu.
piero guecardini thana kumarudi gaad fatherga nilabadina tatwavetta marcelio fisinotho adhyayanam chesaadu. thana tandri maadirigaane, francesco manchi maanavataavaadi vidyanu pondaadu mariyu latin mariyu koddigaa greeku rendintinee neerchukuni, classiclanu abhyasinchaadu. aaa baaludini athani tandri ferrara mariyu paduva vishwavidyaalayaalalo nyaayasaastram chadavadaaniki pampaadu, akkada athanu 1505 samvatsaram varaku unnadu.
cartona diocessnu aakraminchina oka maama maranam, yuva gaikaardinini mataparamaina vruttini korukovadaniki prerepinchindi. ayithe, athani tandri "charchi vyavaharalu ksheeninchaayani bhaavinchaaru. athanu thana kumaarulalo okarini sampada ledhaa goppa padavi kosam duraasatoe poojaarigaa niyaminchaadani thana manassakshi meeda unchadam kante goppa prastuta laabhaalanu mariyu thana kumaarulalo okarini goppa vyaktigaa chese avakaasaanni kolpovadaniki ishtapaddadu."aaa vidhamgaa, pratishtaatmaka gaikaardini marosari thana drushtini chattampai mallinchaadu. 23 samvatsaraala vayassulo, athanu florentine studiolo nyaya adhyayanalu bodhinchadaaniki florence yokka signoria chetha niyaminchabaddaadu.
1508loe, athanu alamanno salviati kumarte maria saalviyatini vivaham chesukunnadu, saktivantamaina florentine kutumbamtho kuleena kuutamini susthiram chesaadu. adhe samvatsaramlo, athanu guecardini kutumbaaniki chendina kutumba ghnaapakaalaina "memory dii famiglia", "story fiorentine" ("florence kathalu") nuu vrasadu mariyu thana jeevitamlooni praathamika vyaktigata charitra ayina "recordi" nii praarambhinchaadu.
spanish kortu.
nyaya saadhanalo tananu taanu pratyekinchukunna gaikaardinini, 1512loe aragon raaju ferdinand catholic aasthaanaaniki rayabara karyalayanni appaginchina florentine signoria, aaa padavini angeekarinchadam gurinchi sandehaalu kaligi unnadu, endukante adhi chaalaa takkuva laabhamtho vastundi mariyu athani nyaya abhyaasaaniki antaraayam kaliginchi, atanni nagaram nundi dhooramgaa teesukuvelutundi. ayithe, francesco tandri atanni kortu pratishta gurinchi, antha chinna vayassulo empikaina gowravam gurinchi oppinchaadu. "atuvanti rayabara kaaryaalayaaniki intha yuvakudini ennukunnaarani florence loe evarikee gurtuledu" anie ayana thana diarylo raasaaru. aaa vidhamgaa gaikaardini doutyavettagaa, raajaneetignudigaa thana vruttini praarambhinchaadu.
signoriato athani spanish correspondence athani pariseelana mariyu vislaeshanha saktini velladistundi, idhi athani manassu yokka pradhana lakshanam. spanish aasthaanamlo ayana raajakeeya vaastavikata paataalu neerchukunnaaru. swadaesaaniki tirigi vacchina thana lekhalalo, athanu spanish sainika paddhatulanu gamaninchagaliginanduku mariyu yuddha samayamlo vaati balaanni anchanaa veyagaliginanduku prasamsalu vyaktam chesaadu. ayithe, athanu ferdinand yokka lekkinchina havabhavalanu kooda nammaledu mariyu atanni raajakeeya mosam kalaku namoonaga paerkonnaadu. speyinlo unna samayamlo, medisi florencelo adhikaranni tirigi pondaadu. kotta paalanalo, speyinlooni athani rayabara karyalayam florensku tirigi vacchi daani raajakeeya jeevitamlo paalgonaalani korukuntunnanduna niraasaparichindi, guecardinini niraasaparichindi. kotta paalaka samuuhamloo sthaanam sampaadinche prayatnamlo tananu tirigi pilavaalani guecardini pattubattaru mariyu yuva lorenzo dii medisiki oka lekha kooda pampaaru. guecardini chivariki florensku intiki tirigi vacchaadu, akkada athanu mallii thana nyaya abhyasanni praarambhinchaadu; 1514loe, athanu antargata bhadratanu niyantrinche oto dii balialo sabhyudiga panicheesaadu, mariyu 1515loe, athanu atyunnata florentine magistracy ayina signorialo panicheesaadu.
popsy.
1513loe, lorenzo dhi grandable kumarudu geovanni dii medisi, pope leo X ayyadu mariyu florencenu papal niyantranaloki teesukuvacchaadu, idhi 1515loe francesco maadirigaane fluorentinelaku papal sevalo pravesinchadaaniki avakaasaalanu andinchindi. leo X atanni 1516loe regio mariyu 1517loe modena governorga niyaminchaadu. idhi papal paripaalanalo guecardini sudeergha vruttiki prarambham, modata leo X aadhvaryamlo, taruvaata athani varasudu clement VII kinda. "catholic encyclopedia prakaram, athanu modena mariyu regioni spashtamaina vijayamtho paripaalinchaadu". athanu parmaanu paripaalinchadaaniki niyaminchabaddaadu, mariyu "encyclopedia" prakaram, pope maranam taruvaata vacchina gandaragolamlo, athanu frenchivaariki vyatiraekamgaa parmaanu samardhinchukovadam dwara tananu taanu vaeru chesukunnadu (1521)."
1523loe, athanu clement VII (1478-1534) dwara romagnaku vicergentga niyaminchabaddaadu. eee unnata karyalayalu appennine parvataalaku minchina papal raashtraalaku vaastava guruvugaa gaikaardinini marchai. eee kaalamlo athanu taruvaata tananu taanu vivarinchukunnatlugaah "meeru romagnalo messer francesconi chusinatlayithe.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru.athani illu vastraalu, venditho nindi undadamtho, mottam provins nundi sevakulu gumigudaru, akkada-pratidee puurtigaa atanini suuchimchinamduna-pope nundi evaruu, thana paicheyigaa evarinee gurtinchaledu.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru."anie paerkonnaaru.
italeelo raajakeeya sankshobham nirantaram teevrataram avutuu vachindi. france raaju modati frances mariyu pavitra roman chakravarthy charless V madhya satrutvam peragadamtho, pope yea vaipu nundi venukaku vellaalo nirnayinchukoledu, anduvalla gaikaardini salaha koraadu. guecardini fransto pottu pettukoovaalani salaha icchi, 1526loe leag off kagnaknu muginchaalani clementnu koraadu, idhi charless v thoo yuddhaaniki daariteesindi. aaa samvatsaram taruvaata, charless V yokka dalaalu daadi chestamani bedirinchadamtho, clement papal sainyaniki gikkiyardini leftinent-generalga niyaminchabaddaadu. papal dalaala commander, francesco maria ii della rover, duke off arbino, charya teesukoovadaanni prabhaavitam cheyadamlo guecardini asamarthudu.
ayithe, april 1527loe, tirugubaatu saamraajya sainyam nundi florence paie daadini nivaarinchadamlo guecardini vijayam saadhinchaadu, adhi badulugaa rome vaipu tirigindi. rendu vaaraala kante takkuva samayam taruvaata romnu dochukunnatlu mariyu castell shant 'engelo loe clement khaidu cheyabadinatlu vaartalu vachayi.
guecardini iravai samvatsaraala kaalamlo mugguru poplaku seva chesaadu, bahusha thana anubhavaala kaaranamgaa, athanu popaseeni teevramgaa vimarsinchaaduh "poojaarula aasayam, duraasa mariyu indriyaseelatanu nakante ekkuvagaa ishtapadani vaaru naaku teliyadu.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru. ayinappatikee, neenu aneka mandhi poplatho kalisi anubhavinchina sthaanam naa sonta prayojanam kosam vaari goppatanaanni preminchamani nannu balavantam chesindi. eee pariseelana kosam kakapothe, neenu nannu neenu premistunnanta martin luthernu preminchi undevaadini-kraistava matam bodhinche chattaala nundi vidudala kakapovadam, saadhaaranamgaa ardham chesukovadam mariyu ardham chesukovadam, conny eee ruffianla brundam vaari saraina sarihaddula lopala taggipovadaanni chudatam."
florentine republic.
thana kaalamlooni aneka florentine kuleenula maadirigaane, venetian rajyanga namuunaa aadhaaramgaa mishrama ganatantra prabhutvaanni guecardini viswasinchaadu; vaidyulatoe chaalaa tarachugaa mariyu sannihitamgaa panichesinappatiki, athanu vaari palananu nirankusamgaa chushadu. guecardini ippatikee thana ganatantra aadarsaalanu, vaidyulaku thana maddatunu punaruddarinchagaligaaduh "oka pourudu marokari kante ekkuva khyaatini pondinatlayithe, prajaadarana pondina prabhutvamlo purushula samaanatvam yea vidhamgaanuu viruddhamgaa undadu, adhi andari prema mariyu gowravam nundi munduku saagithe, mariyu prajalu vaari aanandamto nilipiveyavacchu. nijaaniki, atuvanti maddatu lekunda, ganatantraalu chaalaa arudugaa konasaagutaayi."
romnu dochukunna koddikaalaanike, guecardini florensku tirigi vacchaadu, conny 1527 natiki, medisi nagaram nundi bahishkarinchabaddaadu, mariyu teevramaina medisi vyatiraeka "arabiati" vargam oka ganatantraanni tirigi sthaapinchindi. vaidyuditho sannihita sambandhaalu unnanduna, guecardinini athani swasthalamaina nagaramlo anumaanitudigaa unchaaru.
marchi 1530loe, vaidyulaku ayana chesina seva phalitamgaa, guecardinini tirugubatudaruga prakatinchi, athani aastini japthu chesaaru.
ayithe, eee chivari florentine ganatantram ekkuva kaalam konasagaledu, tommidi nelala paatu saamraajya dalaala florence muttadini bharinchina taruvaata, 1530loe nagaram longipoyindi. clement VII aadhvaryamlo, medisi patla pratighatanaku florentine pourulanu shikshinche panini guecardiniki appaginchaaru, mariyu athanu pope yokka sankalpaanni vyatirekinchina vaariki kanikaram lekunda nyayam chesaadu. benedetto varchi thana panini nirvartinchadamlo, "messer francesco guecardini itarula kante marinta krooramainadi mariyu marinta krooramainadi" anie paerkonnaadu.
chivari samvatsaraalu.
1531loe, uttara papal raashtraalloni atyanta mukhyamaina nagaramaina bologna governorga guecardinini clement VII niyaminchaaru. 1534loe clement maranam taruvaata guecardini rajinama chesi florensku tirigi vacchaadu, akkada athanu pope maranam taruvaata dukega takkuva surakshitamgaa maarina alessandro dii medisi salahadaruga cheraadu. bahishkarinchabadina tirugubaatudaarula daurjanyam aaropanalanu vyatiraekistuu, 1535loe charless V mundu gaikaardini atanni naples loe samarthinchaadu. athanu 1536loe chakravarthy charless vii kumarte margaret off parmaatho alessandro vivaahaaniki vijayavantamgaa charchalu jarapadamlo sahayapaddadu, mariyu 1537loe duke hatya jarige varaku kontakaalam paatu gussiardini alessandroku atyanta viswasaneeya salahadaruga unnadu.
appudu, guecardini kevalam 17 yella vayasulo florentine raajakeeya vyavasthaku kottavaadaina kosimo dii medisitho pottu pettukunnadu. guecardini florence duke gaa kosimoku maddatu icchaadu; ayinappatikee, kosimo adhikaaramloki vacchina ventane atanni tolaginchaadu. guecardini aarsetrilooni thana villaku padavee viramana chesaadu, akkada athanu thana chivari samvatsaraalanu "storia dii 'italia" loe panicheestuu gadipadu. athanu 1540loe purusha vaarasulu lekunda maraninchaadu.
athani menalludu, lodovico guecardini kooda 16va sataabdamloo diguva deshaalapai chesina rachanalaku prasiddhi chendina charitrakaarudu.
pani chestundi.
francesco guecardini rachanalu aevee ayana jeevitakaalamlo prachurinchabadaledu. 1561 varaku ayana raasina iravai pustakaalalo modati padahaaru "history off italii" prachurinchabadaledu. surr gefrey fenton raasina modati aangla "anuvaadam" 1579loe prachurinchabadindi. 1857 varaku, "charitra" mariyu athani suuktula nundi koddi sankhyalo saaralu matrame telisinavi. aaa samvatsaramlo, athani vaarasulu giusiyaardini kutumba aarkaivsnu terichaaru mariyu giuseppe kaanestriniki thana ghnaapakaalanu padhi samputaalalo prachurinchadaaniki kattubadi unnaaru.
archivela nundi swaadheenam chesukunna ayana rachanalalo konni ivih
makiavelli grandhaalatho kalipi, "opere inedite" pavolo sarpi kante mundu italian raajakeeya tatvasaastram yokka samagra bhaganni andistundi.
"" "italii charitra".
1490 mariyu 1534 madhya italian dveepakalpamlo rajakeeyaala gurinchi vivaranaatmaka kathanaanni andinche "storia dii 'italia" ("itali charitra") rachayitagaa guecardini baga prasiddhi chendaadu. athani jeevitamlooni chivari samvatsaraallo vraayabadina eee rachanalo charitrakaarudi pariseelanalu unnaayi, idhi athani jeevitakaalamantaa sekarinchabadindi mariyu idhi bhavishyattu kosam uddesinchina rachana. gilbert vrasinatlugah "italii charitra" ayana rachanalannintikii bhinnamgaa untundi, endukante ayana thana kosam kakunda prajala kosam raasinadi adhe."
thana parisoedhanaloo, guecardini prabhutva recordula nundi alaage rajakeeyaalalo thana swantha vistrutamaina anubhavam nundi sekarinchina vishayalanu teesukunnadu. saktivantamaina italian paalakulatoe ayana aneka vyaktigata kalusukunna sandarbhaalu charitrakaarudigaa ayana drukpathaanni vivarinchadaaniki upayogapadataayih "francesco guecardinini manasika charitrakaarudu anie pilavavacchu-ataniki sanghatanala yokka bhaarii gadiyarapu pani yokka preraka saktini vyaktigata pravartana yokka muulamgaa gurtinchavacchu. yea vyakti kaadu, conny command sthaanaallo unnavaaru chakravartulu, yuvarajulu mariyu popes, vaari sweeya-aasakti paramgaa ellappuduu vyavaharinchadaaniki nammabadataaru-prasiddha gyskiardinian particolor."eee krindi saaraamsamlo, charitrakaarudu pope clement VII paatrapai thana pariseelanalanu namodu chestaaduh
"aayanaku atyanta samarthavanthamaina telivitaetalu mariyu prapancha vyavaharalapai adbhutamaina ghnaanam unnappatikee, aayanaku sambandhita teermaanam mariyu amalu lekapovadam jarigindi. endukante athanu thana aatma yokka piriki swabhaavam valla matrame kakunda, kharchu cheyadaaniki balamaina ayishtata valla, conny oka nirdishta sahajamaina irresolution mariyu gandaragolamto kooda addaginchabaddadu, tadwara athanu chaalaa saarlu oohinchi, pariganinchi, dadapuga bahirgatam chesina vishayalanu nirnayinche vaarini edurkonnappudu daadaapu ellappuduu suspension mariyu aspashtamgaa unnadu."
antekakunda, chaaritraka sandarbham gurinchi aayanaku unna avagahana, guecardinini thana kaalamlooni itara charitrakaarula nundi vaerugaa unchutundi. ayana vidhanam ayana toli rachana "dhi history off florence" (1509) loe ippatike spashtamgaa kanipinchindih "yuva charitrakaarudiki chaaritraka drukpatham yokka ardham gurinchi appatike nissandehamgaa telusu; vividha sandarbhaallo ververu baruvunu pondhe adhe vaastavaalu, nishpatti bhavana avasaram."
guecardini yokka teevramaina vimarsakulalo okaraina francesco dii sanctis maatallo cheppalante "medho saktini pariganaloki teesukunte [" storia dii 'italia "] anedi italian manassu nundi vidudala chesina atyanta mukhyamaina rachana."
rajakeeyaalu mariyu charitrapai guecardini mariyu machiyavelli.
nikkolo machiyavelli thoo guecardini sneham chesaadu; 1527loe athani maranam varaku iddaroo churukaina sambhaashanhanu konasaaginchaaru. guecardini thana snehitudi kante kontha ekkuva saamaajika sthaanaanni kaligi unnadu, conny vaari lekhala dwara, iddari madhya prasaantamaina, soukaryavantamaina sambandham udbhavinchindi. "taragatilo vaari vyatyaasam gurinchi telisina makiavelli, ayithe gaikaardini kaaryaalayaalache bhayapettabadaledu.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru. ledhaa athani kuleena sambandhaala dwara. okari medhassu patla okariki gowravam undatam valla iddaroo tama anubandhaanni yerparachukunnaru."
vaaru vyaktigata vishayalu mariyu raajakeeya aalochanalanu charchinchukunnaaru mariyu okari panini marokaru prabhaavitam chesukunnaru.
machiyavelli thana "liveepai upanyaasaalu" loe vyaktam chesina konni aalochanalanu giusiyaardini vimarsinchaaruh "machiyavelli" upanyasalalo munduku tecchina siddhaantaalapai maachiyaareddini pradhana abhyantaram emitante machiyavelli vishayalanu 'chaalaa khachitamgaa' unchaadu.'rome oka khachitamaina pramaanamgaa upayogapadagaladane machiyavelli praathamika oohatho guecardini ekibhavinchaledu."
iddaroo charitra patla vaari vidhaanamlo vinuutnamgaa unnaru "machiyavelli mariyu guecardini chaaritraka rachana abhivruddhilo mukhyamaina parivartana vyaktulu. vaari rachanalalo kanipinche chaaritraka chaitanyam gatam gurinchi mana aalochanalo gananeeyamaina vichchinnam.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru. machiyavelli mariyu guecardini yokka chaaritraka aalochanalo maanava samstha oka pradhana amsam, conny vaariki vyaktitvam gurinchi aadhunika bhavana ledhu.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru. vaaru charitra rachananu daani alankaarika chatram nundi vaeru cheyadam praarambhinchaaru, mariyu guecardini rachanalo manam oka klishtamaina chaaritraka paddhati yokka modati jadalanu gamaninchavacchu."
dwibhasha rachanala jabita.
eee krindi jaabitaalo italian mariyu aanglamlo guecardini rachanalaku upayoginche pratyaamnaaya paerlu unnaih

