
pieries brassica

cabage seethaakokachiluka, cabage white, cabage chimmata (tappugaa) anie kooda piluvabade pedda tellani, ledhaa bhaaratadesamlo pedda cabage white anie piluvabade pieries brassica, pieridae kutumbaaniki chendina seethaakokachiluka. idhi chinna tellani, "pieries raape" kii daggari bandhuvu.
pedda tellati rangu airopa, uttara africa mariyu asea antataa saadhaaranam.
pampinhee.
pedda tellati rangu airopa, uttara africa mariyu asea antataa himalayala tarachugaa vyavasaya praantaalu, pacchika bayallu mariyu udyanavanalalo saadhaaranam. idhi dakshinaafrikaalo janabhanu sthaapinchagaligindi mariyu 1995loe idhi australia mariyu nyoojilaandlaku vyaapistundani anchanaa veyabadindi.
pedda tellati rangu balamaina flyer mariyu british janabha chaalaa samvatsaraalalo khandam nundi valasala dwara balopetam cheyabadutundi. gatha sataabdamloo eshaanya united states (newyork, road dveepam mariyu maine) nundi pedda tellajati chellacheduruga unna nivedikalu anumaanaaspada swabhaavam kaligi unnaayi mariyu pramaadavasaattu ravana ledhaa uddesapurvaka vidudalanu suuchistaayi. ituvanti parichayalu uttara americalo eee vyavasaya tegullanu sthaapinche pramaadam undhi.
2010loe nyoojilaandlooni nelsonlo eee seethaakokachiluka kanugonabadindi, ikkada dheenini grate white seethaakokachiluka anie pilustaaru. pantalapai sambhaavya prabhavam kaaranamgaa idhi avaanchita tegulugaa vargeekarinchabadindi. 2013 octoberulo rakshana vibhagam seethaakokachilukanu pattukunnanduku parimita kaalaaniki dravya bahumatini andinchindi. rendu vaaraala taruvaata, prajalu 134 seethaakokachilukalanu swaadheenam chesukunnaru, okkokkati $10 sampaadinchaaru. eguva dakshina dveepamlo 263,000 paiga shodhanalu mariyu dopidi kandireegala vidudala vanti eee mariyu itara niyantrana charyala phalitamgaa, pedda tellani rangu 2014 december natiki newzealand nundi nirmoolinchabadindani adhikarikamga prakatinchaaru.
gudlu.
pedda tellani andaasayaalu laetha pasupu rangulo untaayi, andotpatti ayina iravai naalugu gantallo muduru pasupu ranguloki marutayi. podugutaku konni gantala mundu, avi nallaga marutayi, shell marinta paaradarsakamgaa untundi mariyu larvalu lopala kanipistaayi.
larva.
pedda tella larvalu naalugu moltinglu mariyu aidu instarsnu anubhavistaayi. modati instar guddu pedda tella larvaloki podugutundi. larvalu laetha pasupu rangulo vilakshanhamaina godhuma talalatho mruduvaina sariiraalanu kaligi untaayi. larvalu chaalaa ventrukalatho unnatlu kanipistaayi. oka molling taruvaata, larva rendava instarloki pravesistundi. avi nallati juttutho kappabadina gaddakatte gaddalanu kaligi untaayi. moodava dasalo, pedda tella larvalu marinta kaaryaacharananu pradarsistaayi. larvalu vipareetamgaa tinadam gamaninchinappudu, mariyu vaati atidheya mokkaku gananeeyamaina mottamlo nashtam kaliginchinappudu eee takshanam jarugutundi. eee samayamlo, avi nalla chukkalatho nindi, marinta pasupu rangulo unnatlu gamaninchabadindi. moodava instar taruvaata, larva naalugo instar gundaa velutundi, moodava instar larva maadirigaane kanipistundi, conny marinta vistarinchina parimaanam mariyu tine pravartanatho. pedda tella larvalu sthoopaakaaramlo, drudhamgaa mariyu aidava instar dwara podavainaviga, pasupu rangulo mariyu vaati pottikadupu mariyu thorax meeda prakaasavantamaina rangutho unnatlu gamaninchavacchu. vaaru buudida mariyu nallati thala kaligi unnatlu kooda gamaninchabadindi. eee insatar puurti abhivruddhiki sahaayapadataaniki garishta aahara naanhyata mariyu parimaanam avasaram, lekapothe larva vayojana seetaakokachilukagaa maaradaaniki mundhe chanipotundi.
oohistundi.
purushulu mariyu streelaku rekkalu tellagaa untaayi, mundu rekkalapai nallati konalu untaayi. aadavaariki prati munduvaipu rendu nalla macchalu kooda untaayi. prati rekka diguva bhaagam laetha aakupaccha rangulo untundi mariyu visraantigaa unnappudu adbhutamaina mabhyapettedigaa panichestundi. nallati gurtulu saadhaaranamgaa vesavi santhaanamlo muduru rangulo untaayi. pedda tellati seethaakokachiluka rekkalu sagatuna 5 nundi 6.5 centimeters varaku cherukuntaayi.
purushudu.
maga eguva bhaagam kreemu tellagaa untundi. mundu bhaagamlo diguva bhaagamlo mariyu kontha dhooram paatu costa venta nallati poralatho errabadi (challabadutundi) untundi. sira 2 paina unna sikharam mariyu termenlu ekkuva ledhaa takkuva vistrutamgaa nalupu rangulo untaayi, nalla praantam yokka lopali anchu saadhaarana sama vakratanu kaligi untundi. okati ledhaa rendu namoonaalalo antara sthalam 3loe oka chinna rekhaamsamgaa irukaina nallati maccha kanugonabadindi. venukavaipu ekareeti, adugubhaagamlo nallati poralatho errabadinadi, sikharam mundu pedda nallati upashreni maccha, mariyu konni namoonaalalo mundu bhaagamlo termenpy nallati scaling suuchanalu unnaayi. munduvaipu diguva bhaagam tellagaa untundi, kanam yokka adugubhaagamlo mariyu costa venta nallati poralatho koddigaa porapatuga untundi. sikharam laetha acresius godhuma rangulo untundi, interspace 1 yokka bayati bhaagamlo pedda nallati maccha mariyu interspace 3 yokka adugubhaagamlo maroka quadrate nallati maccha untundi. venuka bhaagam laetha acresius godhuma rangulo untundi, suukshma nalupu poralatho daggaragaa errabadi untundi. eguva nundi choopinche sikharaaniki mundu unna upa-coastal block spot. antennalu sikharam vadda nalupu mariyu telupu rangulo untaayi. thala, vakshojam mariyu pottikadupu nallaga untaayi, konni tellati ventrukalatho, diguvana tellagaa untundi.
stree.
aada eguva bhaagam maga eguva bhaganni pooli untundi, conny rekkala punaadula vadda nallati porala lopam marinta vistarinchindi. agrabhaagamlo nalla praantam mariyu munduvaipu unna termen vistrutamgaa untundi, daani lopali anchu takkuva samanamga vakramgaa untundi. antara sthalam 3 yokka adugubhaagaaniki sameepamlo antara sthalam 1 yokka bayati bhaagamlo kooda oka spashtamaina pedda, nallati maccha undhi. venukavaipu sikharam mundu upa-kostal nallati maccha chaalaa peddadi mariyu marinta pramukhamainadi. diguva bhaagam maga vaipu maadirigaane untundi, conny munduvaipu yokka sikharam mariyu venukavaipu yokka mottam uparitalam laetha acresius pasupu rangulo untundi, acresius godhuma rangulo undadu. munduvaipu nallati discal macchalu chaalaa peddavigaa untaayi. aadavaalla antenna, thala, thorax mariyu udaram magavallatho samanamga untaayi.
nivaasam.
pedda tellati seethaakokachiluka yokka aavasalalo pedda, bahiranga pradaesaalu, alaage polaalu mariyu kuuragaayala thotalu unnaayi, endukante daani aahara vanarulu andubaatulo unnaayi. konni ishtamaina pradaesaalaloo godalu, kanchelu, chetla trunklu mariyu tarachugaa vaati aahara mokkalu unnaayi. avi pradhanamgaa eee pradaesaala chuttoo tirugutaayi, veetilo adavi mariyu saagu chesina siluva, alaage noone vittanaalu, cabagelu mariyu brassels molakalu rendoo undaali.
punarutpatti mariyu abhivruddhi.
samyoga vyavastha.
eee seethaakokachilukalu bahubharyaatvamgaa undavacchu, conny idhi pradhana samyoga vyavastha kaadu. dheeni ardham, konni aada seethaakokachilukalu okati kante ekkuva sahacharulanu kaligi unnappatikee, pedda tellani aadavaallalo chaalaa varaku ekaswamya sambhoga vyavastha dwara okesari oka maga sahacharudini matrame kaligi untaayi.
prati samvatsaram rendu taraala seethaakokachilukalu utpatti avtayi. modati santaanam april chuttoo vasantakaalamlo podugutunna peddavaallanu kaligi untundi. rendava santaanam joolailo podugukune peddalatho roopondinchabadindi. konnisaarlu, vaataavaranam taginanta vecchagaa unte vesavilo moodava santaanaanni marinta dhooram chudavachu.
jeevita chakram.
andotpatti.
eee aada seethaakokachilukalu aakula diguva bhaagamlo samuhaluga andakaramlo untaayi endukante larvalu aakula eguva uparitalampai aaku diguva bhagala padanirmaanaanni ishtapadataayi. andaakaaraaniki, aada seethaakokachilukalu pottikadupu konanu upayogistaayi mariyu nirdishta byaachlalo andakaranni amarchutaayi.
moodu nundi enimidi rojula paatu konasage puurva-oviposition kaalam, eee seethaakokachilukalaku sahajeevanam cheyadaaniki taginanta samayanni andistundi. aadavaru tama uddesinchina aakula uparitalaalapai mokkala pempakaaniki anukuulatanu pareekshinchadaaniki tama mundu kaallanu upayogistaaru. vaaru tagina uparitalaanni kanugonte, aada pedda tellajati sambhogam tarvaata rendu nundi moodu rojula tarvaata andakaramlo untundi. avi enimidi rojullo sumaru aaru nundi edu saarlu andotpatti chestaayi. munupati sambhogam tarvaata sumaru aidu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva rojula tarvaata aadavaru mallee jatha kattavachhu.
andotsargamu kosam sthaanaalanu enchukovadam.
aadavaru tama gudlu ekkada pettaalo nirnayinchadaaniki mokkala rangulu vanti drushya suuchanalapai aadhaarapadataaru. avi mukhyamgaa andotpatti pravartananu pradarsinchadaaniki aakupaccha uparitalaalanu ishtapadataayi. pedda tellati aahara vanaru kooda andotpatti kosam atitheya mokkaga panicheyadam valla eee rangu praadhaanyata undavacchu.
chaalaa mandhi aadavaru adlia ledhaa thissils vanti thene mokkalanu enchukuntaaru, ivi aakupaccha mariyu larvalaku anuvaina mokkalu. andotpatti pradaesaalugaa upayoginche eee mokkalu saadhaaranamgaa aava noone glucosidelanu kaligi untaayi, dheeni praathamika pani larvalu vaati mukhyamaina aahara vanarugaa manugada saaginchadamlo sahayapadatam. udaaharanaku, munupati adhyayanalu pedda tellani larvalu bread bean ("visia fyaba") vanti vaerae host mokkapai vayojana seethaakokachilukalu andakaramlo unte manugada saaginchavani choopinchaayi, endukante eee bean larva abhivruddhiki sahayapade saraina poeshakaalanu kaligi undadu.
poga traagadam.
pedda tellani gudlu vesina sumaru oka vaaram tarvaata podugutaayi mariyu kontakaalam samuuhamgaa jeevistaayi. podupu kaalam rendu nundi edu gantalu untundi. podigina tarvaata, avi atitheya mokkanu tinadam dwara mariyu naasanam cheyadam dwara atitheya mokkaku chaalaa nashtam kaligistaayi. rojuloni challani kshanaalalo oohinchinatlugaa avi nishkriyamgaa-nidraanamgaa kanipinchavacchu.
pravartana.
valasalu.
valasala kaaranamgaa konni kaalaanuguna hecchutaggulu unnappatikee, pedda swethajaatheeyulu eurasialo chaalaa varaku kanipistaaru. vesavi valasa kaalamlo dakshina praantaala nundi seethaakokachilukala nundi uttara janabha perugutaayi. pedda swethajaatheeyulu vasanta rutuvu praarambhamlo egurutuu, rutuvulu saradrutuvuku mariyu phalitamgaa vachhe challani vaataavaranaaniki maare varaku valasapotaru. antey pedda tellajati prajalu saadhaaranamgaa seethaakokachiluka punarutpatti seasonku rendu nundi moodu vimanalu teesukuntaaru.
pedda tellati seethaakokachiluka valasa namuunaalu saadhaaranamgaa bhangam erpadinappudu matrame gamaninchabadataayi. saadhaaranamgaa, pedda tellati seethaakokachiluka yokka valasa namuunaalu asaadhaaranamainavi; saadhaaranamgaa, seethaakokachilukalu vasantakaalamlo dhruwala vaipu, saradrutuvulo marinta samasheetoshna bhoomadhyarekha vaipu egurutaayi. ayithe, avi vasantakaalamlo uttaraadi minaha yaadruchchika disallo egurutaayi, mariyu tirigi vachhe valasalu takkuvagaa gamaninchabadataayi. ayithe, eee seethaakokachilukalu 800 kilometres paiga valasa vellagalavu kabatti mottam valasa maargaalanu track cheyadam kashtam; anduvalla, vyaktigata seethaakokachilukalu 800 kilometres varaku valasapokapovacchu, conny itara seethaakokachilukalu itara seethaakokachilukalu mugisina chota nundi tama olasalanu praarambhistaayi.
nidraanasthiti.
uttaraana pedda tellati santaanam sheethaakaalamlo ledhaa sheethaakaalamlo nidraanasthitiloo vijayavantamgaa kanipinchaledu. ayithe, avi dakshinaana nidraanaavasthaloo unnatlu gamaninchabadindi.
praadaesika pravartana.
magavaaru gananeeyamaina mottamlo praadaesika pravartananu pradarsincharu. maga mariyu aada pedda tellani seethaakokachilukala madhya gananeeyamaina laingika dviruupata kanipinchakapovadaaniki idhi oka kaaranam kaavacchani soochinchabadindi.
paryaavaranam.
aaharam mariyu aahara empika.
pedda tellani seethaakokachilukalu saadhaaranamgaa yea rakamaina aahara mokkalanu tintaayi anedaaniki praadhaanyata istayi. konni mokkalaku praadhaanyata seethaakokachilukala munupati anubhavaalapai aadharapadi untundani adhyayanalu choopinchaayi. pedda tellani seethaakokachilukalu, appudu, aahara mokkala jaatulu, anubhavam yokka samayam mariyu empika-paristhitipai aadhaarapadataayani choopabadindi. anduvalla, pedda tellani seethaakokachilukalu tama indriyaalu ledhaa saareeraka maarpulapai aadharapadatam kante, vaaru yea rakamaina aaharaanni ishtapadataro telusukuntaayi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, andotsargamu kosam uttama host mokkalanu nirnayinchadaaniki mokkala rangu vanti drushya suuchanalanu upayoginchi pedda tellajati aadavaariki ichhe praadhaanyataku bhinnamgaa vayojana aahara mokkalaku eee praadhaanyata untundi.
aavalu-noone glucosidelu unna mokkalu eee seethaakokachilukaku mukhyamainavi endukante idhi andotpatti gurinchi vibhaagamlo perkonna vidhamgaa vaati aahara pravartanalanu mariyu phalitamgaa manugada retlanu nirdesistundi. pedda tellajaatiiyulaku idhi chaalaa prayojanakaramgaa untundi, endukante aava noonelu kaligina mokkalanu ekkuvagaa tinadam valla avi pakshula vanti maamsaahaarulaku chaalaa asahyamgaa untaayi. anduvalla, gongali purugulu muduru rangulo unnappatikee, daadi nundi rakshinchabadataayi; vaastavaaniki, prakaasavantamaina rangu maamsaahaarulaku avi chedu ruchini suuchistumdi. 
ayithe, eee jaathi aava noone glucosidelanu upayoginchadam valla marinta prayojanam undhi. predator rakshanatho paatu, eee glucosidelu tinadamtho mudipadi unna korupu pratispandanalanu utpatti chese uddeepanala taragatiki chendinavi. konni mokkalalo aalkalaaydlu mariyu steroidlu untaayi; ivi aava noone glucosidelaku seethaakokachilukala pratispandananu taggistaayi mariyu nirodhistaayi. anduvalla, aava noone glucosidela eee viniyogam seethaakokachiluka pravartananu mariyu manugada kosam phalitamgaa aahara empikanu natakeeyamgaa prabhaavitam chestundi.
tellati seethaakokachiluka larvaku aahara vanaru cabagelu, mullangi mariyu aakula diguva bhagalu. peddavaaru puula thenenu tintaaru.
maamsaahaarulu.
pedda tellani seethaakokachilukalaku nirdishta mamsaahaarula samuuham undadu. badulugaa, vaatini vistruta shreni jantuvulu, mariyu appudappudu unde mokkalu kooda vetaadataayi. eee seethaakokachiluka yokka pradhana mamsaahaarulalo pakshulu unnaayi; ayithe, pedda swethajaatheeyulanu hymenoptera, hemiptera, colioptera, diptera, arachnid vanti jaatula dwara kooda vetaadavachhu; konni jaatula ksheeradaalu, sareesrupaalalo okati, oka jaathi keetakabhakshaka mokka, mariyu ubhayachara shrenulalo jaatulu, alaage itara vividha keetaka jaatulu. seethaakokachilukalanu saadhaaranamgaa gudlu, larva mariyu imagoluga vetaadutaaru.
aposymatism.
pedda tellani seethaakokachilukalu maamsaahaarulanu nirodhinche asahyakaramaina vasananu vidudala chestaayi. adanamgaa, pedda swethajaatheeyulu oka aposymatic jaathi, antey avi heccharika rangulanu pradarsistaayi, idhi pedda swethajaatheeyulaku vetaku vyatiraekamgaa prayojanam chekuurustumdi. eee aposymatic rangu larva, pupal mariyu imago dasalalo sambhavistundi, ikkada aahara mokkala nundi vishapuurita aava noone glycosidelu vyaktula sareeramlo nilva cheyabadataayi. aposymatism puurtigaa mullerian anukaranatho sambandham kaligi undadu; ayithe, pedda tella larva tarachugaa "papilio machan" larva vanti itara jaatula nundi aneka itara aposymatic larva nundi prayojanam pondutaayi.
prajalatho sambandham.
tegulla paatra.
pantalaku atyanta avakaasam unna "p. airopaloni praantaalalo brassica "nashtam" brassica "(cabage, aavalu mariyu vaati mitrulu) jaatiki chendinavi, mukhyamgaa brassels molakalu, cabage, cauliflower, kohlrabi, rape, sweeden mariyu turnip. pantalapai daadulu chaalaa varaku sthaanikeekarinchabadi untaayi mariyu oka nirdishta praantamloo panta nashtaniki daariteestaayi. adanamgaa, valasa velladaaniki balamaina moggu unnanduna, peddalu gatamlo daadi laeni kotta praantaalanu prabhaavitam cheyavachu. endukante "p" yokka aneka atidheya mokkalu. brassica "viniyogam kosam vikrayinchabadataayi, eee seethaakokachilukala valla nashtam panta viluvanu baga taggistundi. cabage mariyu cauliflower yokka kuuragaayala thalalalo larva kooda visarjinchi nashtam kaliginchavacchu. eee larwala adhika janabha vaati atidheya mokkalanu kooda asthipanjaram cheyavachu. grate britton vanti prastuta praantaalalo, "p. sahaja mariyu rasayana niyantrana kaaranaala valla brassica ippudu tegullagaa takkuva pramaadakaramgaa unnaayi. ayithe, idhi ippatikee itara european deshaalalo, chaina, bharatadesam, nepaul mariyu russialo tegulugaa pariganinchabadutundi. vaastavaaniki, idhi bharatadesamloni vividha pantala kuuragaayalu mariyu tarkeelapai etaa 40 saataaniki paiga digubadini kolpotundani anchanaa.
upajaatulu.
upajaatulu eee krindi vaatini kaligi untayih