
anubandham (madhyayuga)

shaastreeya anantara charitralo, oka prabhuvu thana sevalo thana chuttoo gumigudina (saadhaaranamgaa) purushula samuuham (anucharulu) kuu anubandham anedi saamuuhika paeru; dheenini oka aadhunika charitrakaarudu "sevakulu, samrakshakulu mariyu prabhuvu yokka itara anucharulu" gaa mariyu "samajam yokka saadhaarana nirmaanamloo bhaagam" gaa abhivarninchaaru. idhi bastard bhuusvaamyavaadam yokka praathamika amsamgaa pariganinchabadutundi, mariyu bhuusvaamyavaadam vaerae vidhamgaa chesinatle, diguva prabhuvulatho peddavaarini katte saadhanamgaa panichesindi.
eee sambandhamlo oka roopaanni vastradhaarana mariyu nirvahana anie pilicheevaaru. samrakshakudu dharinchadaaniki livery byaadjeelanu mariyu vaari vivaadaalalo "nirvahana" ledhaa athani maddatunu lard andinchaadu, idhi tarachugaa nyaya prakriyalaku aatamkam kaligistundi.
muulaalu.
mottamodati gurtinchadagina bhuswamya sambandhaalalo okati pembroke yokka 1 va earl ayina vilium marshal, athanu 1190 natiki athanitho etuvanti balamaina padaveekaala sambandham lekunda purushulatho kuudina balaganni sameekarinchaadu. bhoomini pondadaaniki badulu, eee vyaktulu padavi manjuru mariyu rajuku pembroke saameepyata yokka bhadratanu pondaaru. charitrakaarudu maikhel hicks dheenini "vyaktigata, bhuswamya sambandham kaadu" anie abhivarninchaaru, dheenini david crouch oka bastard bhuswamya sambandhaaniki prarambha udaaharanagaa paerkonnaadu. marovaipu, vanda samvatsaraala taruvaata, linkan yokka earl linkanloni thana estatela nundi-tarachugaa thana addedaarula nundi-purushula mrutadehaalanu sekarinchaadu, vaaru ippatikee thana bhoomi yokka padaveekaalam dwara bhuusvaamyamtoe earl thoo mudipadi unnaaru.
kuurpu.
prabhuvu yokka oppandabaddhamaina samrakshakulu goppa anubandhaaniki kendramgaa undevaaru, mariyu vaariki minchi saadhaarana maddatudaarulu mariyu parichayala yokka marinta nirakara samuuham undedi. vyatyaasam, k. bii. mcfarlane ilaa vraasaadu, modativaadu prabhuvu "pratyaekamaina seva" chesadu, kaani taruvaativaadu thana manchi prabhuvunu "ekkuva mariyu takkuva saasvatamaina" margallo pondaadu. christin vadrangi warwick yokka anubandham yokka earl yokka nirmaanaanni madhyalo athanitho "kendrikruta vruttaala shreni" gaa abhivarninchaaru. oka prabhuvu taanu balamgaa unna praantaallo saapekshamgaa takkuva sankhyalo prajalanu matrame sameekarinchaalsi untundani gamaninchabadindi, endukante athani anubandha sabhyulu ataniki matrame kakunda okarikokaru maddatu icchaaru; anduvalla, athani sahaayaaniki raavacchu purushula sankhya tarachugaa ataniki nijamgaa telisina purushula sankhya kante chaalaa ekkuvagaa undedi. veeru prabhuvu vishwasinche vyaktulu udaaharanaku, 1459loe, gulaabeela yuddhaala anchuna, salisburyki chendina earl middleham kotalo thana sannihita sabhyulanu sameekarinchi, bahirangamgaa bayataku vachhe mundu vaari salahalanu teesukunnadu.
prabhuvu tarachugaa sthaanika adhikara padavulalo purushulanu cherchukuntaadu, udaaharanaku shanti nyaayamuurtulu, thana anubandhamlo. marovaipu, athanu, padnaalugo sataabdam chivaralo gaant yokka zaan chesinatlugaa, anthony goodman cheppinatlugaa, thana "aasthaana mariyu saahasopetamaina aasayaala" vyakteekaranagaa, vaari saamaajika baruvutho sambandham lekunda prajalanu thana anubandhaaniki niyaminchukovacchu. oka samakaaleena vyakti veetini prabhuvuku "bandhuvulu, snehitulu, mitrulu mariyu bhaagaswaamyulu" ("bandhuvulu, snehitulu, mitrulu mariyu bhaagaswaamulu") gaa abhivarninchaaru. aaa anubandham yokka sabhyulanu saadhaaranamgaa prabhuvu thanatho vaari gurtimpu kosam pampinhee chese vastraala dwara gurtinchavacchu; idhi saadhaarana armbandla nundi "marinta pratyaekamaina vastraala roopam-pratyaekamaina lohampai amarchina reband byaandla" varaku undavacchu; zaan off gaant yokka unnata sthaayi sabhyulu-"atyanta viluvaina" sthaanam-saaraamsaala collar dharinchevaaru. prabhuvuku atyanta sannihitamaina anubandham unna sabhyulu chaalaa upayogakaramgaa undevaaru estate adhikarulu, koshadhikari, stevardulu mariyu tarachugaa okati kante ekkuva mandhi nyaayavaadulu.
taruvaata madhya yugam.
madhya yugaala chivari natiki, richard II mariyu henry IV vanti raajulu raajakeeya mariyu sainika uddeshyaala kosam praantiiya kuleenulalo tama swantha anubandhaanni srushtinchukunnaaru. anduvalla vaaru rajasabhaku ekkuva dhooramlo unnaaru, conny vaaru munupati raajula inti gurraala kante kooda ekkuva sankhyalo unnaaru. padihenava sataabdam natiki, kireetam yokka chaalaa mandhi praantiiya agentlu raaju yokka anubandhaanni kaligi unnatlu pariganinchabaddaaru, endukante vaariki saadhaarana prajala kante kireetamtho sannihita sambandham undhi. henry vi paalanalo, e. eff. aaa praantaallo raaju niyaminchina squairla sankhya 150 nundi 300 kii perigindani jacob anchanaa vaesaadu.
richard vishayamlo, prabhuvula mundu unna anubandhaanni edurkovataniki mariyu thana swantha saktini balopetam chesukovadaniki raaja adhikaranni pempondinche uddesyamto idhi jarigindani soochinchabadindi. nijaaniki, richard thana 1399 dandayaatralo, athani depositionku mundu, irelandku teesukuvellina sainyam yokka gundelo vaaru unnaaru. indulo aneka vandala 'raajula gurralu' mariyu kathinamaina nagadutho unchabadina escurelu undavacchu. nijaaniki, kireetam thana praantiiya anubandham kosam kharchu chesina mottale, udaaharanaku, 1397loe richard II edurkonna raaja kharchulapai asantruptiki kaaranam. adevidhamgaa, zaan off gaant yokka anubandham 1381 mariyu 1390la praarambhamlo sagaaniki perigindi mariyu peddavaallu saadhaaranamgaa vaari anucharulapai kharchu chese aadaayamlo 10 saatam kante chaalaa ekkuva mottaanni kharchu chesaaru. rendava richard paalana marinta asthiramgaa maaradamtho, athani kumarudu, bollingbroke yokka henry, 1399loe daanini vaarasatvamgaa pondhi, richardnu padagottadaaniki veelu kalpinchina siddhamgaa unna sainyanni kanugonnanduna, kireetam nundi thana sthaanaanni kaapaadukoovadaaniki gaant dheenini upayoginchaadu. chaalaa saaruupya paristhitulalo, 1471loe, edward IV, thana simhasananni tirigi pondadaaniki bahishkarana nundi tirigi vacchi, athanu dakshinaana kavaatu chestunnappudu athanitho thana anubandhaanni sekarinchaadu, mariyu "atuvanti anubandhaaniki yajamaniga barnet mariyu tevksbury raaju edward vistruta paandityaanni saadhinchaadu" anie cheppabadindi. 1458loe thana anubandhaanni balaanni pradarsinchadaaniki upayoginchukunna solisbury yokka earl, sumaru 400 mandhi gurrapu sainikulu mariyu enabhai mandhi gurrapu gurrapu dundagulu mariyu squairla anubandhaanni kaligi unna raaja mandali samavesaniki hajarayyadu; samakaaleena "krooramaina charitra" dheenini sumaru 500 mandhi purushulu anie anchanaa vesindi.
anubandhalu raajulu ledhaa peddavaallaku matrame parimitam kaaledu; udaaharanaku, 1420laloe, cardinal beaufort aneka aangla counteelalo anubandhaanni konasaginchadu, ayinappatikee, oka charchi vyaktigaa, athani anubandham sainikamgaa kakunda rajakeeyamgaa undedi. vaaru kooda purushulaku matrame parimitam kaledu edward II bhaarya isabella, "atyanta saktivantamaina prabhuvula vale saamuuhika prabhavam saktivantamainadi", sainyam takkuvagaa unnappatikee, oka anubandhaanni kaligi unnaaru. vaatini sanghatanala dwara kooda vistarinchavacchu; elizabeth vudvilletho edward IV yokka rahasya vivaham oka mukhyamaina midlands kutumbaanni mariyu vaari samrakshakulanu neerugaa raaja kutumbamloki teesukuvacchindi.
charitra rachana.
charitrakaarulalo saampradaaya abhiprayam emitante, eee anubandham padamuudava sataabdapu nirmaanam, idhi sainyalanu niyaminchukovalasina prabhuvulu mariyu kireetam yokka avasaram nundi udbhavinchindi, dalaalanu andinchadamlo bhuswamya seva viphalamaina nepathyamlo. charless plummer vanti victorian charitrakaarulu, eee anubandhaanni prabhuvu kutumbaaniki samarthavantamgaa paryaayapadamgaa, mariyu athani vyaktigata dundagula kante konchem ekkuva anie bhaavinchaaru. anubandham yokka sabhyulu mariyu nilupudala prabhuvu madhya gurtinchabadina ekaika sambandham sainika sambandham. idhi padnaalugo mariyu padihenava sataabdaalaloo saamaajika kramam ksheeninchadaaniki, kontavaraku, pratyakshamgaa baadhyata vahinche goppa anubandhaala aavirbhavaanni chuudataaniki daariteesindi. conny saiman walker cheppinatlugaa, vaari ananukoola teerpulu ekkuvagaa manchi prabhuvu yokka yantrasaastramlo anubandhaanni oka mukhyamaina amsamgaa angeekarinche marinta saanubhootigala vruttaamtamtoe bharti cheyabaddaayi. udaaharanaku, oka prabhuvu thana anubandhamloki sainika sevanu andinchagala kondarini niyamistaadu, conny itarulu cheyanivaaru; kondaru adhikarikamga nilupukoobaddaaru mariyu kondaru cheyanivaaru; mariyu chivariki prati vyakti vaari sambandhaala gunde vadda paraspara prayojanamtho niyaminchabaddaaru. adhi yuddha samayam ledhaa shanti samayam, ledhaa adhi prabhuvu balamgaa unna praantamloo undaa anae daanipai aadharapadi anubandham maarutundi. bahula paatralu poeshinchae sandarbhamlo choosthe, dheenini "saamaajika-raajakeeya-sainika ummadi-stock samstha" anie pilustaaru, idhi bhuusvaamyavaadamloo aadharam avasaram lekunda goppa adhikaranni samarthinchadamlo sahaayapadindi. padihenava sataabdam madhyalo, idhi daadaapu pratyaekamgaa sainika oppandamtho bhadraparachabadinappati nundi (udaaharanaku, vilium yokka anubandham, lard hustings) neville house maadirigaa raktam mariyu vaivahika sambandhaalapai aadharapadinatlugaa samsthalo maaravacchu.
raaja anubandham nijamgaa oka goppa vyakti maadirigaane panicheestundaa anie iteevala prashninchabadindi. raaju thana samrakshakulaku prabhuvuga undi, manchi prabhuvunu andinchaalsi undadamtho paatu mottam prajalaku rajuga kooda undalsi unnanduna, oka vairudhyam unikilo undani, phalitamgaa idhi jarigina chota sthaanika sthirathvam ksheeninchindani soochinchabadindi. adhe samayamlo, gaant vanti saktivantamaina peddavaallu kooda kondarini nilupukovadam dwara mariyu anivaryamgaa, itarulanu minahaayinchadam dwara sthaanika asantruptiki kaaranamavutaaru. marovaipu, mukhyamgaa rajulaku, anubandhamloki niyamakam anedi elaa spashtamaina padoonnati anie kooda etthi choopabadindi, idhi prothsaahakaramaina vidheyatagaa panichestundi ledhaa raajakeeya kshamabhikshanu andistundi.

