
jalachara ushna shakti nilva

jalachara ushna shakti nilva (eah. tii. ii. ess) anedi uparitala jalacharaalalo ushna saktini nilva cheyadam mariyu punaruddharinchadam. etts bhavanalanu vaedi chesi challabarachagaladu. baavulanu upayoginchi bhoogarbha jalaalanu velikiteesi, injection cheyadam dwara nilva mariyu punaruddharana saadhinchabadutundi. vyavasthalu saadhaaranamgaa kalanugunamga panicheestaayi. vesavilo velikiteese bhoogarbha jalaalu ushna vinimayakam dwara bhavanam nundi neetiki vaedini badilee cheyadam dwara challabarustaayi. vedichesina bhoogarbha jalaalanu jalacharamloki tirigi choppistaaru, idhi vedichesina neetini nilva chestundi. sheethaakaalamlo, pravaham tiragabadutundi-vedichesina bhoogarbha jalaalanu velikiteestaaru (tarachugaa heat pampuku andistaaru). 
etes vyavastha vaedi mariyu sheetaleekarana demandlo kaalaanuguna tirogamanaalanu buffer cheyadaaniki jalacharaalanu upayogistundi. shilaja indhana-aadhaarita vyavasthalu mariyu sambandhita udgaaraalanu bharti cheyadaaniki eah. tii. ii. ess. kharchutho koodukunna saanketika parignaanamgaa upayogapadutundi.
bhavanalu prapancha saktilo 40 saatam viniyogistaayi, pradhanamgaa vaedi mariyu sheetaleekarana kosam, endukante ats udgaara taggimpulaku gananeeyamgaa dohadam chestundi. etes vyavasthala sankhya natakeeyamgaa perigindi, mukhyamgaa airopalo. belgium, germany, turkey mariyu sweeden kooda etes yokka anuvartanaanni penchutunnaayi. vaataavarana paristhitulu mariyu bhougolika paristhitulu tagina chota etesnu vartimpajeyavachu. uparitala sthalaanni optimize cheyadaaniki tagina paristhitulu unna praantaalalo shraddha avasaram.
vyavastha rakalu.
dvimukha etes vyavasthalu rendu baavulanu (oka double) kaligi untaayi. oka baavi ushna nilva kosam, marokati sheetala nilva kosam upayoginchabadutundi. sheethaakaalamlo, (vecchani) bhoogarbha jalaalanu ushna nilva baavi nundi velikiteesi, sheetala nilva baavilo inject chestaaru. vesavilo, pravaaha dhisha tiragabadutundi, tadwara (challani) bhoogarbha jalaalanu sheetala nilva baavi nundi velikiteesi, ushna nilva baavilo inject chestaaru. 
mono-directional vyavasthalu pumping disanu marchavu, tadwara bhoogarbha jalaalu ellappuduu sahaja jalachara ushnograta vadda velikiteestaaru. ushna shakti uparitalamlo nilva cheyabadinappatiki, nilva cheyabadina saktini tirigi pondaalane uddesam saadhaaranamgaa undadu.
moosivesina vyavasthalu saadhaaranamgaa kshitija samaantara ledhaa niluvu pipeline kaligi unna khananam cheyabadina ushna vinimayakam dwara dravam prasarana dwara saktini nilva chestaayi. eee vyavasthalu bhoogarbha jalaalanu velikiteesevi ledhaa inject cheyavu. veetini borehole ushna shakti nilva ledhaa ground soars heat pampulu anie kooda pilustaaru.
bhuushna shakti utpatti saadhaaranamgaa ushnogratalu ekkuvagaa unna lothaina uparitalaanni upayogistundi.
charitra.
bhoogarbha jalaallo uddeshapoorvakamgaa ushna saktini nilva chesinatlu mottamodata 1960 loe chainaalo nivedinchabadindi. shanghailo paarisraamika sheetaleekarana kosam modati eah. tii. ii. ess vyavasthalu nirminchabaddaayi. akkada, vastra karmagaralanu challabarachadaaniki pedda mottamlo bhoogarbha jalaalanu velikiteesaaru. idhi gananeeyamaina bhuu avakshepanaku daariteesindi. taggudalanu nirodhinchadaaniki, challani uparitala neetini jalacharamloki tirigi choppinchaaru. taruvaata, nilva chesina neeru injection tarvaata challaga undi, challabarachadaaniki upayoginchavacchani gamaninchabadindi. 1970laloe jalacharaalalo ushna saktini nilva cheyaalani soochinchabadindi, idhi france, switzerland, us mariyu japaanlalo kshetra prayogaalu mariyu saadhyasaadhya adhyayanalaku daariteesindi. 
2009loe netherlandslo merugaina biomeditationlo bhaagamgaa etesnu upayoginchaaru. 
2018 natiki, 2800 kante ekkuva eah. tii. ii. ess. vyavasthalu panicheestunnaayi, ivi samvatsaraaniki 2.52⁄2 gantala kante ekkuva vaedi mariyu sheetaleekarananu andistunnaayi. netherlands mariyu sweedanlu marketlo aadhipatyam chelayinchayi. appudu mottam vyavasthalalo 85 saatam netherlandslo undagaa, maroe 10 saatam sweeden, denmark mariyu belgiumlo kanugonabaddayi. 
vilakshanhamaina kolatalu.
saadhaarana anuvartanaala kosam pravaaha raetlu 20 mariyu 150 mea/ganta/baavi madhya untaayi. oka samvatsaramlo nilva cheyabadina mariyu tirigi pondabadina bhoogarbhajala parimaanam saadhaaranamgaa oka baviki 10,000 mea mariyu 150,000 mea madhya untundi. etes vyavastha lothu saadhaaranamgaa 20 mariyu 200 meterla madhya untundi. eee lotula vadda ushnograta saadhaaranamgaa vaarshika sagatu uparitala ushnogrataku daggaragaa untundi. mitamaina vaataavaranaalaloo idhi sumaru 10 masim untundi. aaa praantaalalo sheetala nilva saadhaaranamgaa 5 mariyu 10 masim madhya mariyu ushna nilva 10 nundi 20 masim paridhiloo vartinchabadutundi. takkuva tarachugaa unnappatikee, konni prajectulu 80 masim kante ekkuva vaedini nilva chestaayi.
jala bhoogarbha parimitulu.
ats thoo saadhinchagala shakti podupu sait bhoogarbha saastrampai balamgaa aadharapadi untundi. etesku neetini sweekarinchi, utpatti cheyagala tagina jalacharam undatam avasaram. udaaharanaku ghana raathi jalacharaala pravesaanni parimitam chestundi. mandapati (> 10 mea) isuka jalacharaalu sarainavi. neeru sulabhamgaa pravahinchelaa taginanta hydraulic conductivity avasaram. ayithe, nilva dasalo adanapu bhoogarbhajala pravaham baavi yokka sangraha praantam velupala nilva cheyabadina saktini (kontha bhaagam) ravana cheyavachu. ushna nashtam tagginchadaaniki, takkuva hydraulic pravanata kaligina jalacharaalaku praadhaanyata istaaru. adanamgaa, bhougolika rasayana kuurpuloo pravanatanu nivaarinchaali, endukante vaividhyamaina bhuurasaayana shaastramtho neetini kalapadam valla addamkulu erpadataayi, idhi paniteerunu taggistundi mariyu nirvahana kharchulanu penchutundi.
chattaparamaina sthithi.
nissara (<400 mea) bhuushna samsthaapanala chattaparamaina sthithi deshaalalo vibhinnamgaa untundi. neetimattam madhya hydraulic short circuitnu nivaarinchadaaniki pramaadakara padaarthaala vadakam mariyu boru hole yokka saraina backfilling kosam samsthaapanala kosam nibandhanalu unnaayi. itara nibandhanalu traaguneeti kosam bhoogarbhajala praantaala rakshanaku sambandhinchinavi. konni deshaalu kaneesa mariyu garishta nilva ushnogratalanu parimitam chestaayi. udaaharanaku, austria (5-20 °C), denmark (2-25 °C) mariyu netherlands (5-25 °C). itara deshaalu bhoogarbhajala ushnogratalo garishta maarpunu anusaristaayi, udaaharanaku switzerland (3 masim) mariyu france (11 masim).
kalushitamaina bhoogarbha jalaalu.
mukhyamgaa pattana praantaallo bhoogarbhajala kalushyam vyaapti chendhe avakaasam unnanduna kalushitamaina jalacharaalanu proses cheyadaaniki etesku anumati ledhu. ayithe, pattana praantaallo kalushitamaina bhoogarbhajala nivaarana yokka nemmadigaa purogati mariyu ats sankhya vaegamgaa peragadam valla kalushya encounter avakaasam perugutondi. saadhaarana kalushitaalalo, chlorinated etheenlu etes vyavasthalalo jokyam chesukovadaniki ekkuva avakaasam kaligi untaayi, endukante avi tarachugaa oke vidhamaina lotula vadda kanipistaayi. chlorinated etheenlu dattamaina naan-jaleeya dasha dravamgaa (dii. enn. pii. ell.) unnappudu, dii. enn. pii. ell. lanu etts dwara kariginchadam bhoogarbhajala naanhyatapai prabhavanni penchutundi.
saadhyamaina application.
ats mariyu chlorinated ethenes uniki sthiramaina indhana saanketika parignaanam mariyu sthiramaina bhoogarbhajala nirvahana yokka ekikaranaku saamarthyaanni andistundi. vecchani baavi chuttoo perigina ushnograta chlorinated etheenla tagginche declorination penchutundi. challani baavilo takkuva ushnograta jeevaadhokaranaaniki aatamkam kaliginchinappatikii, vegavantamaina nivaarana kosam etes yokka kaalaanuguna operation kalushitaanni challani baavi nundi vaedi baviki badilee chestundi. ituvanti kaalaanuguna bhoogarbhajala ravana paryaavarana paristhitini ekaruupaparustumdi. 
etesnu biostimulationga upayoginchavacchu, udaaharanaku electron daata ledhaa reductive declorinationku avasaramaina suukshmajeevulanu inject cheyadaaniki. 
etes (30 samvatsaraalu) jeevitakaalam inn situ biomeditation yokka avasaramaina vyavadhiki saripotundi.
saamaajika prabhavalu.
attes mariyu merugaina sahaja attenuation (attes-enaa) kalayika bhavananu netherlands mariyu chainaalo, mukhyamgaa pattaneekarana praantaalalo upayoginchavacchu. eee praantaalu sendriya bhoogarbhajala kalushyanni edurkontunnaayi. prastutam, marinta parinati chendina saanketika parignaanam mariyu ekkuva anubhavanni andinche netherlands kuu kalayika bhavana baga vartinchavachhu. edemaina, etes chaalaa takkuva abhivruddhi chendina chaina kosam, utpatti anuvartanaalaku mundu pradarsana prayogaatmaka prajectulanu anchanaa veyavachu mariyu etes dwara uparitala viniyogampai takkuva teevramaina ottidi kaaranamgaa anuvaina vyavasthalanu abhivruddhi cheyavachu.
2023 adhyayanam prakaram, etes mana gruhalu mariyu vyapaaraalanu vaedi cheyadaaniki mariyu challabarachadaaniki shakti viniyogaanni 40 saatam tagginchagaladani nivedinchindi.