
ornithosercus

ornithosercus anedi planctonic denophlogelet yokka oka jaathi, idhi daani sanklishta padanirmaana saastraaniki prasiddhi chendindi, idhi daani thekal plaetla nundi perugutunna gananeeyamaina jaabitaalanu kaligi undhi, idhi aakarshanheeyamaina roopaanni istundi. 1883loe kanugonabadina eee jaatiki prastutam takkuva sankhyalo jaatulu vargeekarinchabaddaayi, conny ushnamandala mariyu upa-ushnamandala mahasamudralalo vistrutamgaa vyaapinchayi. eee jaathi daani jaabitaala krinda exosymbiotic bacteria thotalatho gurtinchabadindi, veetilo antar-jeevula dynamics prastuta parisoedhanaa rangam. avi vecchani neetilo matrame nivasistunnanduna, eee jaathi vaataavarana maarpulaku pratinidhigaa upayoginchabadindi mariyu kotta vaataavaranaalaloo kanipiste paryaavarana maarpulaku suuchika jaatigaa unde avakaasam undhi.
ghnaana charitra.
anie paerkonnaaru..."ornithosercus", [kabatti] vintagaa, atyanta telivigala parisoedhakudiki kooda kontha prasamsa untundi... "naaku ippativaraku sambhavinchina atyanta adbhutamaina mariyu vintaina janthu roopaalalo okataina ornithosercus" "magnificus" "-friedich steyn 1883loe german keetaka shaastravetta mariyu janthu shaastravetta shamyul friedrich nathaniel ritter vaan steyn dwara" "ornithosercus" "jaatini modatisaarigaa 1883loe vivarinchabadindi". athanu modata oke jaatito eee jaatini roopondinchaaduh holotype "ornithosercus magnificus"."athanu atlantic mahasamudramlo thana pariseelanalu chesi, daanilo prerana pondina adbhutaaniki sambandhinchi jeeviki paeru pettadu.
stein modata dynophysidenlo "ornithosercus" nuu vargeekarinchaaru, idhi ikapai upayoginchani german vargeekarana padam. athanu thala-gottam mariyu meda collar gaa varninchina daanitoe sahaa vaati padanirmaana pratyekata kaaranamgaa daanini pratyaekamgaa "hystionis" jaatito jatha chesaadu.
dna barcoding andubaatulo unde varaku, padanirmaana lakshanaalalo (mukhyamgaa singular jaabitaalu) vaividhyam kaaranamgaa jaatilo nirdishta sarihaddu gurtinchadam oka mukhyamaina savaluga undedi. 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo andamaina bommalu prachurinchabadinappatiki, padanirmaana vislaeshanhala asampuurnata kaaranamgaa vaati shaastreeya viluva tarachugaa parimitam cheyabadindi. atyanta praathamika vargeekarana lakshanam thekal nirmaanam ayinappatikee, 1970laku mundu thekal plaetlanu vimarsanaatmakamgaa vislaeshimchae chaalaa takkuva patraalu andubaatulo undevi. aneka rachanalu plaetla sankhyanu tappugaa nivedinchaayi. munupati prachuranala sameeksha mariyu 1967loe tohru abey prachurinchina navala parisoedhanatoe naveekarinchabadindi, padanirmaana lakshanaalu gatamlo tappugaa ardham chesukobaddayani mariyu vargeekaranaparamgaa anavasaramaina praamukhyatanu icchaayani suuchimchimdi.
merugaina suukshmadarshini saanketika parignaanam labhyata marinta padanirmaana avagahanaku veelu kalpinchindi. scanning electron microscopelu uparitala lakshanaalaku ekkuva spashtatanu icchaayi, alaage lopali mariyu bayati uparitalaala madhya vyatyaasaanni (randhraala teravadam vantivi) velladinchaayi, ayithe transmission electron microscopelu kana goda abhivruddhipai antardrushtulanu anumatinchaayi. ornithosercus" jaatulalo padanirmaana vaividhyam yokka adhyayanam konasagutunna rangam. 2018 adhyayanam aaa jaatulu 'oo' anie kanugondi. quadratus "padanirmaana shaastram yokka aadhunika imaging paddhatula nundi vacchina anumitula aadhaaramgaa moodu ververu padanirmaana jaatulu kaavacchu.
eee jaathi "dynophysis" vanti itara dynophlogelet jaatula vale vaividhyamainadi kaadu, conny kaneesam 24 gurtinchabadina jaatulanu kaligi undhi. uttara arabia samudram, thoorpu ushnamandala pasiphik, hinduu mahasamudram, erra samudram, vitiaz jalasandhi, carabian samudram, gulph off aden, dakshina mahasamudram, botone stra, california current, gulph off mexico, panamic praantam, peruvian current gelapagos eddie mariyu korea dveepakalpam teeram vanti jalaallo nivasinche jaatulato idhi prapanchavyaaptamgaa vistrutamgaa adhyayanam cheyabadindi.
aavasalu mariyu paryaavaranam.
ornithosercus" jaatulu ushnamandala mariyu upaushnamandala mahasamudralalo kanipistaayi, ivi vecchani ushnograta-neetiki parimitam cheyabaddaayi. ushnamandala jalaalu aneka dynophoside jaatulaku nilayamgaa unnaayi, veetilo atyanta saadhaaranamainadi "oo" thoo kuudina "ornithosercus". quadratus atyanta vistrutamgaa pampinhee cheyabadina jaathi. avi lothaina samudra jalaallo sarvasaadhaaranam, aneka jaatulu pradhanamgaa euphotic john krinda kanipistaayi.
uppu sarassulo "ornithosercus" uniki malaysialoni gaang baatu sarassu vadda terrenganulo kooda kanugonabadindi, idhi oka vivikta drugvishayam kaadani suuchistumdi.
padanirmaana shaastram.
jaatulu 40-170 micrometers nundi podavu varaku untaayi. anduvalla vaatini microplankton gaa vargeekarinchaaru. 
"ornithosercus" anedi oka thecket dynophlogelet. antey avi samishtiga thika anie piluvabade ativyaapti chendutunna cellulose plaetlatoe saayudhamai untaayi. plaetlu alviola lopala erpadataayi, anduvalla goda kana pora lopala kanipistundi. jaabitaalu pakkatemukala maddatugala nirdishta thekal plaetla anchula nundi drudamaina perugudhala. pakkatemukalu jaatula madhya sankhya mariyu abhivruddhilo maarutuu untaayi (pakkatemukala sankhya jaatula nirdishtamainadi) mariyu vistrutamaina jabita perugudalaku avasaram. thekaalo 17 ledhaa 18 plaetlu untaayi, ivi epithecal, hypothecal, nadumu mariyu ventral praantamgaa vibhajinchabaddaayi. teekaa oka sagittal kuttu dwara rekhaamsamgaa edama mariyu kudi vaipula vibhajinchabadutundi; oka akshaamsha nadumu kooda undhi. nirmanatmakamga sanklishtamgaa, eee jaathi vistrutamaina nadumu mariyu salkhal jaabitaalanu (kana goda yokka rekkala vanti podigimpulu) kaligi untundi. vaati thekaalo aneka randhraalu untaayi, ivi bayata plate uparitalaaniki flushnu terustaayi, conny lopali bhaagamlo ettaina anchunu kaligi untaayi, vaati sankhya kana parimaanamtho sanukoolamgaa sambandham kaligi untundi. chaalaa jaatula hypotheca ariolatho (nissara depressionlu) kappabadi untaayi, ivi parinati chendina kanaalalo jarige dviteeya gattipadatam dwara lothugaa untaayi. konni "hystionis" yokka hypothecanu shleshmamlo ponduparachavacchu, "ornithosercus" jaatulu hypotheca sambandhinchina shleshma poratho gamaninchabadaledu.
churukaina eetha samayamlo eee jaathi yokka vistrutamaina padanirmaana shaastram pratikuulamgaa bhaavinchabadutundi. sthiramgaa panicheyadaaniki mariyu feeding currentsnu srushtinchadaaniki jaabitaalu unchabaddaayi. dynophlogelletla vilakshanhamaina flazellar propulsion vaati padanirmaana shaastram dwara nirodhinchabadutundi mariyu vaipula madhya jabita abhivruddhilo thedaalu keelga panicheestaayi. vaati theke andinchina bhramana nirodham kanamlooni bhagalapai neeti pravahanni penchadaaniki daariteestundi, idhi vaati aahara-prastuta vyavasthanu meruguparustundi. neeti pravaham kaaranamgaa atyadhika parimaanamlo bahya maadhyamtho sambandham unna praantam kooda poeshaka badileeki (rendu takkuva poralu-teekaatho sahaa) gananeeyamgaa takkuva addamkulu unna praantam anie oka adhyayanam kanugondi.
dynophlogelet jaatulalo unna padanirmaana saastraalanu polchadam dwara, puurveekula jaatulu benthic anie mariyu kramabaddheekarinchina kanaalanu kaligi unnayani soochinchabadindi. jeevanasaili marinta plagctonicga maaradamtho, pedda singular mariyu salkhal jaabitaalu abhivruddhi chendaayi.
cytoplasmlo kanipinche raad aakarapu sareeraalu rabdosomlu (sumaru 3 micrometers podavu mariyu 0.25 micrometers), "ornithosercus" jaatulalo gamaninchabaddaayi. avi vetade samayamlo trichosystluga panicheestaayani bhaavistaaru, ayithe udgaara sankethaalu eppuduu gamaninchabadaledu. suukshma gottapu tantuvuto kuudina cytosome yokka pariseelana pedankil dwara sambhaavya aaharaanni teesukoovadaaniki saakshyamgaa upayoginchabadindi.
aaharam mariyu sahajeevanam.
"ornithosercus" loe kiranajanya varnadravyam (mariyu chloroplastlu) laevu, anduvalla avi tappanisari heterotrophlu. itara heterotrophic dynophlogelet jaatulato paatu, avi karigina sendriya paddhatiloo draveebhavanam dwara pratyaekamgaa aaharam andistaayani bhaavinchaaru.
kiranajanya samyogakriya saamarthyam laenappatikee, "ornithosercus" loe ectosymbiotic (extracellular) cyonabacteria untundi. pheosomelu anie piluvabade sinobacterial symbiantlu kanaala kshitija samaantara gaadi yokka eguva mariyu diguva jaabitaala madhya untaayi. eee sinobacteria sahajeevula yokka oka adhyayanamlo kana parimaanam 3.5-10 μm varaku untundani kanugonnaru (anduvalla dadapuga prabalamgaa unna planctonic "sinecococcus" roopaala kante pedda parimaanam yokka kramam). 2010 adhyayanam prakaram varninchabadina extra cellular sanobacteria mariyu pedda raad aakaaramlo unna photosynthetic kaani bacteria rendintinee vaati salkhal jaabitaalo unchinatlu kanugonnaru.
atitheyi dwara bacteria yokka kiranajanya utpattulanu upayoginche khachitamaina vidhanam ippatikee aspashtamgaa undhi. 1994loe akaba gulflo nirvahinchina oka adhyayanamlo valasavaada sinobacteria sthaayilanu samudra natrajani sthaayilatho paatu kolustaaru. natrajani parimiti samayaallo heterotrophlu ("ornithosercus") mariyu autotroflu (sinobacteria) yokka samuuhaala sankhyanu gurtinchadam mariyu garishta sthaayiki cherukovadam valla yajamaanulu vaayurahita suukshma vaataavaranaanni andistunnaarani, dheenilo sinobacteria samarthavantamgaa natrajanini saricheyagaladani rachayitalu pratipaadinchaaru. idhi oohaatmakamgaa stratified oligotrophic natrajani parimita neetilo consortianu vruddhi cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistundi.  ornithosercus" yokka rendu jaatulapai unna sanobacteria avasaramaina enjaim natrajanini utpatti cheyaledani iteevali adhyayanalu eee anchanaanu prasninchaayi. eee vidhamgaa bacteria atidheyaku sthiramaina kaarbannu andinchavacchu ledhaa avi maraninchinappudu poeshakaalaku pratyaksha vanarugaa upayoginchavacchu. ornithosercus" loe natrajani janyuvu ("nif") undani maroka adhyayanam kanugondi, idhi adanapu natrajani sthireekarana heterotrophic chihnala aalochanaku maddatu istundi, idhi "ornithosercus" host chesina bacteria thota host kosam sthira carbon mariyu natrajanini andinche avakaasaanni anumatistundi.
oo" lopala aahara vacules gamaninchabaddaayi. sinobacterial chihnala avasheshaalatho kuudina magnificus. oka adhyayanamlo, "ornithosercus" jaatula lopala gamaninchina aneka aahara vacules konni parimaanam mariyu rangulo ectosymbientlanu balamgaa pooli untaayi, conny transmission electron microscopy dwara nirdhaarinchadaaniki vibhaga tayari dwara chaalaa digajarai. ayinappatikee, "ornithosercus" tama sonta "kuuragaayalanu" penchutuu, bacterianu oka pedankil dwara tine avakaasam undani rachayitalu nirdhaarinchaaru. ornithosercus" siliyetlanu teesukovacchani, tadwara oligotrophic jalaalanu thattukogala bahula-vanarula vyuuhamloo nimagnamai undavacchani kooda vaaru aadhaaraalanu kanugonnaru.
oo" thoo anubandhinchabadina sinobacteria yokka janyuvu yokka vislaeshanha. free-living cyanobacteriatho polchinappudu magnificus "takkuva janyuvunu kaligi undani kanugonnaru. host daani kosam vidhulanu andinchinanduna idhi konni janyuvulanu kolpoyindani idhi suuchistumdi. ayithe, daani janyuvu taggimpu itara cyonabacterial chihnalalo kanipinche daanikante takkuva teevramgaa undhi. anduvalla jeevakriya vanti klishtamaina vidhula kosam sinobacteria atidheyudipai aadhaarapadadani pratipaadinchabadindi, tadwara "ornithosercus" daani "bacteria thota" nii tintundane siddhaantaaniki maddatu istundi.
jeevita chakram.
"ornithosercus" kalakramena vyaktigata kana goda muulakaala parimaanaanni nemmadigaa penchadam dwara perugutundi. idhi kana vibhajana (binary fission) samayamlo paarsvamgaa vaegamgaa vistarinche kaalaaniki kooda lonavutundi. kana vibhajana perugudalaku mundu megacitic john anie piluvabade padaarthaala samuuham erpadutundi, idhi kotta kana goda mukkalu nakilee cheyabadinanduna cytokinesis samayamlo talli kana goda samagratanu nirvahinchadaaniki anumatistundi. eee praantam thika yokka edama mariyu kudi vaipula madhya perugutundi. megacitic john raddu ayina tarvaata matrame eee jaathi lakshanaala jaabitaalu samskarinchabadataayi. kumarte kanaala madhya chivari anubandham dorsalliga untundi mariyu konni jaatulu prarambha jabita abhivruddhi samayamlo anubandhaanni nirvahistaayi.
kana vibhajana tarvaata kanaalu sambandhaanni konasaaginchadaaniki jabita yokka hydrodynamic lakshanaalu oka kaaranam anie soochinchabadindi. vibhajana praarambhamlo abhivruddhi chendani jaabitaalaku daariteestundi, kalisi undatam dwara, sthirathvam mariyu poeshanhapai jaabitaalu lekapovadam valla kalige sambhaavya pratikuula prabhavalanu (avi vaati saadhaarana paniteeru anie bhaavinchi) avi abhivruddhi chendutunna koddi tagginchavachhu.
itara dynophlogelet jaatula maadirigaane, "ornithosercus" dasalavaarii kana vibajananu (rojanta jaatulaku nirdishta vibhajana samayalu) choopistundani kanugonabadindi. megacitic mandalaala sthithini mariyu kumarte kanaala madhya vantenalanu vislaeshimchadam dwara, dakshina atlantic mahasamudramloni brazil teeramlo jarigina oka adhyayanamlo "oo" loe kana vibhajana unnatlu kanugonnaru. steyni "adhika kaanti teevrata avasaram", o. magnificus "mariyu" oo. toomee "rojuloni modati kaantini upayoginchaadu.
laingika punarutpatti mariyu titti nirmaanam ornithosercuslo teliyadu."
phylogeny.
20va sataabdam praarambhamlo, kana nirmaanamlooni padanirmaanaala aadhaaramgaa dynophysials (dynophysi) kramamlo radiation pathakaalu srushtinchabaddaayi mariyu marinta paryaavarana mariyu padanirmaana daetaanu upayoginchi tadupari prayatnaalatoe anusarinchabaddaayi. iteevala, dynophoside paatra parinaamaaniki marinta khachitamaina oohaatmaka chatraalanu andinche molecular phylogenetic adhyayanalu chepattabaddaayi. 2009loe vacchina oka kaagitam "ornithosercus" nuu "sythoristes" oka saadhaarana puurveekulanu panchukune samuuhamloo unchindi, conny "ornithosercus" nuu monophilatic samuuhamgaa label cheyadaaniki taginanta dayta ledhu (ayithe idhi padanirmaana saaruupyatalu mariyu kramam vibheda anchanaala aadhaaramgaa monophilatic jaathi anie sahetukamaina ooha anie teelchindi). ornithosercus" jaatiki sambandhinchina pratinidhi samaachaaramtho sahaa maroka samakaaleena parisoedhana idhi vaastavaaniki monophilatic anie nirdhaarinchindi.
2013 adhyayanam sambhaavya ornithosercus phylogeny sthithini sangrahinchi, vaatini ectosymbionic lakshanaanni panchukune "sythoristes" mariyu "hystionis" thoo clade loe unchindi. eee jaatiki chendina oka saadhaarana puurveekudu sinobacteriatho eee sambandhaanni pondaadani idhi suuchistumdi. ornithosercus" mariyu "hystionis" rendoo singular listla madhya nivasinche sanobacterianu kaligi untaayi, ayithe "sythoristes" vaati ectosymbiantlanu dorsal nadumu-gadilo kaligi untaayi.
aacharanaatmaka praamukhyata.
2008loe oka adhyayanam prachurinchabadindi, dheenilo korea dveepakalpamloni teerapraanta jalaallo denophlogelet kuurpuloo taatkaalika maarpulu vislaeshimchabaddaayi. vaaru gatamlo dveepakalpam chuttoo arudaina ledhaa namodu cheyani ushnamandala samudra jaatula "ornithosercus" nuu kanugonnaru. 2013loe jarigina tadupari adhyayanam "ornithosercus" yokka aneka jaatulato sahaa aneka ushnamandala dynophlogelet jaatula unikini dhruveekarinchindi. kalisi, adhyayanalu corian jalaallooni phytoplankton communitylalo denophlogelet jaatula maarpulanu gurtinchadam dwara maarpulanu dhruvikarinchayi, rendava paper modatidaanni dhruveekarinchadam mariyu maarpula paridhini vistarinchadam rendintinee dhruveekarinchindi. bhuutaapam kaaranamgaa samudra uparitala ushnogratalu peragadam valla eee pokadalu sambhavinchavacchani rachayitalu suuchistunnaaru. anduvalla, "ornithosercus" jaatulanu suuchika jaatulugaa mariyu vaataavarana maarpulaku mariyu itara paryaavarana detatho kalipi unte pratyaekamgaa samudra paryaavarana vyavastha maarpulaku saakshyamgaa upayoginchavacchu.
indian ayil sardine ("sardinella longiseps") bhaaratadesamlo atyanta mukhyamaina vaanijya chepalalo okati.  eee chepalu appudappudu "ornithosercus" nuu ekkuvagaa tintaayi, mukhyamgaa demersal jonelo (eee adhyayanam mangalurulo jarigindi). anduvalla, aahara golusu anusandhanamgaa "ornithosercus" yokka sankshemam vaanijyaparamaina chikkulanu kaligi undhi.

