
pole jion

pole jion (pole tzion ledhaa pole sizon anie kooda pilustaaru, dheeni ardham "jion kaarmikulu") anedi 1901loe bund geonism tiraskarinchabadina taruvaata 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo polland, eurup mariyu russian saamraajyamloni vividha nagarallo sthaapinchabadina marxist-geonist yoodu kaarmikula udyamam.
nirmaanam mariyu prarambha samvatsaraalu.
bhaavajaalam.
prarambha pole jion bhaavajaalam yokka mukhya lakshanaalu jaateeyavaadam yokka paatranu jodinchadamtho charitra yokka marxist drukpathaanni angeekarinchadam, idhi pole jion yokka naayakudaina siddhaantakarta berr borochov, chaaritraka abhivruddhilo oka karakamga vismarinchalemani nammadu. pole jion prakaram, izrael desamlo oka yoodu sraamika vargam unikiloki vastundi, aapai varga poraatamlo paalgontundi. eee abhiprayalu 1906loe prachurinchabadina borochov yokka "maa vedika" loe roopondinchabaddaayi.
prarambha paarteelu mariyu samsthalu.
20va sataabdam praarambhamlo yoodula pravaasulalo pole jion paarteelu mariyu samsthalu praarambhinchabaddaayi. 1903loe newyork nagaramlo pole zian yokka oka saakha unikiloki vachindi. londonlo mariyu leads loe varusaga 1903/04 mariyu 1905loe mariyu 1906loe jaateeya praatipadikana saakhalu erpaddaayi. 1904loe oka austrian samuuham erpadindi, mariyu "yidisher arbetter" anae vaartaapatrikanu prachurinchindi. 1905 navambarulo pole jion (jion kaarmikulu) party palestinelo sthaapinchabadindi mariyu oka nela taruvaata united states mariyu kenadaalo soshalistu yoodu laber party (pole jion) erpadindi. 1906 maarchilo, yoodula saamaajika prajaasvaamya kaarmika party (pole jion) russialo srushtinchabadindi. 1906loe ukreyinloni poltavalo berr borochov mariyu itzac benn-jvi naayakatvamlo adhikaarika pole zian party erpadindi, mariyu itara samuuhaalu tvaralo airopalo marekkadaina erpaddaayi. maark jarblum naayakatvamlo oka french samuuham erpadindi, idhi esphio mariyu daani nayakudu leone blumpy prabhavam choopindi. 1907 natiki, aaa paarteeki russialo 25,000 mandhi sabhyulu unnaaru.
maranahomam muppu, rahasyamgaa samavesam kaavadamtho, warsa pole jion sumaru aravai tupaakulato oka commando unit (bojova) nuu erpaatu chesindi. sampanna pourula nundi nidhulanu "swaadheenam chesukovadaniki" vaatini upayoginchaaru. 1906 maarchilo poltavalo jarigina pole zian samavesaniki haajaraina 120 mandhi pratinidhulanu arrestu chesina vaarilo mottam yuddha naayakatvam kooda unnaaru. moodu nelala taruvaata paddenimidella mushkarulu warsa railway stationpy daadi chesi, nagadu dongilinchi, "warsa yokka pole jion paerutoe oka raseedu" vadili vellaaru.
prapancha samanvayam.
pole zian yokka prapancha union erpadindi. modati prapancha congress aagashtu 1907loe hage loe jarigindi. 1909loe krakov loe jarigina daani rendava congress paalastiinaa loe aacharanaatmaka saamyavaada prajectulanu nokki cheppindi, taruvaata vienna (1911 mariyu 1920) mariyu stock home (1919) loe tadupari congress luu jarigaayi.
paalastiinaa.
izrael desamlo yoodula saamaajika-prajaasvaamya kaarmikula party" paerutoe 1906 aktobaru 4 nundi 6 madhya jaafaalo oka samavesam jarigindi. dheenini gatha rendu samvatsaraalugaa 25 mandhi pole zian anucharulatho kuudina bhoogarbha samuuhaanni nirvahinchina izrael shochat nirvahinchindi. daadaapu 60 mandhi eee samavesaniki hajarayyaru, dheeniki kottagaa vacchina david benn gurian adhyakshata vahinchaaru.
phalitamgaa taruvaati janavarilo vaaru "ramleh karyakramam" nuu roopondinchaaru, idhi "communist manifesto" yokka oka hibru version, indulo eee prakatana jodinchabadindihi 'eee desham looni yoodula raajakeeya swaatantryam kosam party aakaankshistoondi."chaalaa charchala taruvaata vaaru yoodulu mariyu arab aardhika vyavasthalanu vaeruchaeyaalani angeekarinchaaru. anni pole zian vyaparalu hebrulo nirvahinchaalani kooda angeekarinchabadindi, ayithe idhi pedda samuuham yokka vidhanam kaadu, idhi samajanni batti karyakalapalu yiddish ledhaa ladino loe undaalani perkondi. aaa samayamlo desamlo 550 mandhi kriyaaseela payineerlu, yoodulu panicheestuu unnappudu burjuwa bhashaga hebru pariganinchabaddaadu.
ottoman palestinelo, pole jion "yishuva" sthaavaraalaku rakshanagaa unna hashomer gaardu samsthanu sthaapinchaadu mariyu "kaarmikula vijayam" ("kibush havoda") mariyu "hebru laber" ("avoda ivrit") bhavajaalaanni chepattadu. izrael-pole tzion desamlo yoodula saamaajika prajaasvaamya kaarmikula party yokka modati adhikaarika congress 1907 praarambhamlo jarigindi. pole jion sabhyula kosam upaadhi karyalayalu, vantasaalalu mariyu aarogya sevalanu erpaatu chesindi. ivi chivariki ijrayello kaarmika geonism samsthalugaa abhivruddhi chendaayi.
modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo UK.
modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo, yoodula dalaaniki sabhyulanu niyaminchadamlo pole jion keelaka paatra pooshinchaaru. pole jion yuddha samayamlo britainlo zhe naayakatvamlo churukuga unnaaru. pomeranj mariyu morris mayer, mariyu british kaarmika udyamampai prabhaavavantamaina, kaarmika party yokka yuddha musaida (sidney web mariyu orther henderson dwara) thoo sahaa, memorandam lakshyamgaa, palestineku yoodula 'tirigi vachhe hakkunu' gurtinchadam, idhi moodu nelala mundu balfour prakatanaku mundu unna patram.
modati prapancha yuddham taruvaata vargaalu mariyu karyakalapalu.
vargaalu, 1920 vibhajana mariyu paryavasanalu.
pole jion 1919-1920 loe edama-wing mariyu kudi-wing vargaala madhya cheelipoyindi; rendava antarjaateeyamlo jarigina ilanti vibhajana taruvaata, 1920loe viyannaalo jarigina pole jion aidava prapancha congresslo samstha adhikarikamga vidipoyindi.
mitavaadulu takkuva marxist, marinta jaateeyavaadulu, marinta mitavaada saamyavaada karyakramanni aadarinchaaru, rendava antarjaateeya panini konasaaginchadaaniki soshalistu paarteela antarjaateeya working unionku maddatu icchaaru, mukhyamgaa saamaajika prajaasvaamya partyga maararu. vamapaksha vargam rendava antarjaateeya teevravaadaanni taginantagaa pariganinchaledu, mariyu kontamandi daani sabhyulu borochov yokka viplavaatmaka suutraalaku droham chesaarani aaropinchaaru (borochov 1914 lone thana bhavajaalaanni savarinchadam praarambhinchi, athani maranaaniki mundu samvatsaram saamaajika prajasvaamyavaadigaa bahirangamgaa gurtinchinappatikii).
bolshevik viplavaniki maddatu icchina pole jion left, marxism mariyu communism patla saanubhootini konasaaginchindi, mariyu sampradimpula saamardhyamtho communist international yokka rendava mariyu moodava kaangreslaku haajarayyindi. vaaru sabhyatvam kosam lobbying chesaaru, conny lenin mariyu trotsky aadhvaryamlo antarjaateeya communist udyamam geonist jaateeyavaadaanni vyatirekinchinanduna vaari prayatnaalu viphalamayyayi. vamapaksha pole zian yokka vyaktigata sabhyulu tama jaateeya communist paarteelalo vyaktigatamgaa cheraalani commintern salaha icchaaru; vaari 1922 danzig samavesamlo, eee nibandhanalanu party tiraskarinchindi. community dheenini kaarmikula udyamaaniki satruvugaa prakatinchindi.
pole jion prapancha geonist samsthalo tirigi cheraalani pole jion teesukunna nirnayaanni vyatiraekimchaaru, daanini tappanisarigaa burjuwa swabhaavamgaa chuusaaru, mariyu histadratnu samskaranavaadi mariyu soshalistu kaani vyaktigaa chuusaaru. geonism mariyu stallinism patla bhinnamaina vaikharini pakkana pedithe, pole jion yokka rendu vibhagalu yiddish mariyu yiddish samskrutipai vidipoyaayi. yoodula katta sabhyula maadirigaane edama paksham rendodaaniki marinta maddatugaa undedi, ayithe kudi kootami 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo abhivruddhi chendutunna aadhunika hebru udyamaaniki balamgaa gurtinchabadindi.
paalastiinaa.
palestinelo, 1906 mariyu 1907loe vaari valasala nundi pole zian yokka pradhana nayakulu david benn-gurian, 1904loe varsavlo nivasistunnappudu sthaanika poley tzion samuuhamloo cheraaru, mariyu borochov yokka sannihita snehitudu mariyu poltava samuuhamloo prarambha sabhyudu yitzac benn-jvi. vibhajana taruvaata rendu "benim" ("bens") palestinelo pole giannu niyantrinchadam mariyu neerugaa choopinchadam konasaginchayi.
1919 fibravarilo jarigina samavesamlo paalastiinaa party kudi, edama vibhagaluga vidipoyindi. 1919 octoberulo, vamapaksha pole jion yokka oka vargam "mifflegate poyalim sogialistim" (soshalistu workers party) nuu sthaapinchindi, idhi 1921loe yoodu communist partyga maarindi, 1922loe geonist samasyalapai vidipoyindi, oka vargam palestine communist party anae paerunu teesukundi mariyu marinta geonist vyatiraeka vargam palestine communist partyga maarindi. modatidi pole zian edama vaipuku daani linklanu konasaaginchindi. eee rendu vargaalu 1923loe paalastiinaa communistu partyga tirigi kalusukuni communistu international yokka adhikaarika vibhagamga marai. 1919loe airopalo sthaapinchabadina kibbutz udyamam hashomer hatzyrtho pottu pettukunna pole zian edamavaipu unna maroka vargam mapam partyga maarindi. pole zian rait, benn gurian naayakatvamlo, marchi 1919loe ahdut havoda nuu erpaatu chesindi. janavari 1930loe idhi maroka paarteetho vileenam ayi, aadhunika izrael kaarmika paarteeki mundunna mapayga maarindi.
bolshevik viplavam mariyu yuu. ess. ess. aarr.
russialo, pole jion vamapakshalu bolshevik viplavamlo paalgoni, erra sainyamlo pooraadataaniki "borochov brigade" anae maaruperuto pole jion kaaryakartala brigednu erpaatu chesaayi. 1928loe enn. keey. vii. dii. dwara raddu cheyabade varaku party chattabaddhamgaa undipoyindi. chaalaa itara geonist samsthalu 1919loe moosiveyabaddaayi, conny pole jion communist partyga gurtinchabadinanduna adhi taakabadaledu. 1919loe, pole zian communistlu vidipoyi yoodu communist paarteeni erpaatu chesaaru, idhi chivariki soviet union communist paarteelo chaeri, russialo sabhyatvaanni teevramgaa kolpovadaniki daariteesindi. 1921loe eee kattanu balavantamgaa raddu chesinappatiki, pole jion mariyu hechalutz 1928 varaku soviet unionlo swechchagaa panicheyadaaniki anumatinchabaddaaru.
polland.
polandlo, modati prapancha yuddham taruvaata kontakaalam paatu, pole zian yokka rendu vargaalu chattabaddhamainavi mariyu panichese raajakeeya partylaga nivedinchabaddaayi. polish left party prapanchamlone atipedda left pole jion party. polandlo yiddish paatasaalalanu abhivruddhi cheyadamlo mariyu loukika yiddish samskrutiki maddatu ivvadamlo idhi kattu thoo kalisi panichesindi, ayinappatikee vaariki raajakeeya vibhedaalu unnaayi (udhaa.zii.eee katta anedi elpised kante polish soshalistu paarteeki ekkuva maddatu ichindi). rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata polandlo yoodula raajakeeya paarteelapai communistu naayakatvam pedda ettuna nishedham vidhinchadamlo bhaagamgaa, rendu pole jion samuuhaalu 1950 fibravarilo raddu cheyabaddaayi.
austria.
austrialo, 1938loe austrian communistu paarteelo cherina maikhel cone-eber netrutvamloni vamapaksha vargam kooda 1938 varaku churukuga undindi.
united states.
americalo mottamodati pole zian samuuham 1903loe sthaapinchabadindi. 
1915loe vaaru 3,000 kante takkuva mandhi sabhyulanu kaligi unnaarani anchanaa veyabadindi. modati prapancha yuddham taruvaata, american paarteeki anubhavagnudaina soshalistu geonist thinker natchman sirkin naayakatvam vahinchaaru. americalo, kudi paksham aadhipatyam chelaayinchindi, mariyu histadrat kosam dabbunu sekaristuu, palestein kosam jaateeya kaarmika kamiteeni praarambhinchindi.
paalastiinaalooni pole zian naayakulalo okaraina aneka shochat 1920loe united states loe paryatinchaaru. rachel benn jweeki vraastuu, mottam desamlo pole zian yokka 2,000 mandhi sabhyulu unnaarani, vaarilo 180 mandhi newyorklo unnaarani aame anchanaa vesindi. aame ilaa vyaakhyaaninchindi, "ikkada mottam udyamam nirupayogam."
united kingdom.
1920loe britanloni pole zian adhikarikamga british laber paarteeki anubandhamgaa undhi.
prapanchavyaaptamgaa.
prapanchavyaaptamgaa, pole jion, shlomo kaplansky naayakatvamlo, 1921loe soshalistu paarteela madhyavartitva antarjaateeya working union erpaatulo palgonnadu, taruvaata 1923 mariyu 1930 madhya pole jion prapancha union (i.ii.pz kudi) kaarmika mariyu saamyavaada antarjaateeya (daani paalastiinaa vibhagamga) loe cherindi. 1928 natiki, prapanchavyaaptamgaa 22,500 mandhi sabhyulanu kaligi unnatlu perkondi; polland mariyu united stateslo 5,000, palestinelo 4,000, russialo 3,000, lithuvania, romenia, argentine mariyu united kingdamlo 1,000, latvialo 500 mariyu germany, austria, chekoslovekia, belgium, france mariyu brazil vanti deshaalalo chellacheduruga unna maroe 1,000 mandhi. aaa samayamlo pole zian prapancha union pradhana karyadarshi berl locker. prapancha unionlo paalastiinaa maargadarsaka mahilala kosam mahilala vibhagam, mahilala samstha undedi.
geonistlu-soshalistula prapancha union (1932).
1932loe, pole jion yokka prapancha samakhya, hapoel hutzire mariyu jairie jion yokka prapancha union ayina hitahdut olamitto vileenam ayi, ihud olamini, geonistlu-soshalistula prapancha unionga srushtinchindi. eee kaalamlo aneka mandhi prasiddha geonist nayakulu mariyu raajakeeya nayakulu pole zian loe churukuga unnaaru, veerilo benn-gurian, benn-jvi, kibbutz udyama nayakudu yitzac tabenkin, yoodu agency executive sabhyudu shlomo kaplansky mariyu bhavishyat izrael raajakeeya nayakulu moshe shorrett mariyu dove hoze unnaaru.
holocast.
holocast-yugam yoodula pratighatana samuuham zob anedi hashomer hutzire, drur, nee akiva, yoodula katta, vividha yoodula communist samuuhaalu mariyu pole zian yokka rendu vargaalutho sahaa oka sankeernam nundi erpadindi. pole jion kooda faasist vyatiraeka kootamilo churukuga unnaaru.
holocast samayamlo aneka mandhi pramukha yoodu pratighatana yodhulu, mukhyamgaa warsa ghetto tirugubaatulo palgonna vaaru, pole zian sabhyulu. vaatilo ivi unnaih
vaarasatvam.
paalastiinaa mariyu izrael tappanisari.
modati prapancha yuddham taruvaata, david benn-gurian polestineloni chaalaa polae giannu thana ahdut havoda paarteelo vileenam chesaadu, idhi 1930la natiki mapayga maarindi. polae zian edamavaipu kibbutz aadhaarita hashomer hatzire workers party off palestein mariyu pattana aadhaarita soshalistu leag off palestein thoo vileenam ayi 1948loe mapam nuu erpaatu chesindi, idhi 1990laloe rendu chinna paarteelaina rotz mariyu shinuito vileenam ayi meretz nuu erpaatu chesindi. 1946loe mapay loe cheelika maroka chinna party ahdut havoda-pole zian erpaatuku daariteesindi, idhi 1948loe maapamtho aikyamaindi. 1954loe, mapam asammativaadula chinna samuuham paarteeni vadili, mallee ahdut havoda-pole zian paerunu sweekarinchindi. aaa party chivariki 1965loe mapayto vileenamlo bhaagamaindi (taruvaata rafee mariyu mapamnu chaerchaaru). 1992loe, eee amarika izrael laber partyga maarindi.
yuvata udyamaalu.
pole jion nundi aneka yuva udyamaalu udbhavinchaayih marxist hashomer hatzire (atipeddadi, holocast sandarbhamgaa 70,000 mandhi sabhyulatho), soshalistu habonim drur, left pole jion ugent mariyu jaire jion.
uttara america.
uttara americalo, pole jion hehlutz udyamam, farband mariyu habonim drar, mariyu taruvaata laber geonist organization off americanu sthaapinchindi, idhi itara samuuhaalatoe kalisi laber geonist kootamilo vileenam ayyindi, idhi 2007loe ameenugaa paeru maarchukundi. yuu. ess. pole jion oka yiddish vaartaapatrika, "yidisher kempfer", mariyu oka aangla patrika, "yoodu sarihaddu" nuu prachurinchaaru, dheenini hayme greenberg mariyu maerii sirkin sampaadakeeyam chesaaru.
united kingdom.
britainlo, pole jion 2004loe yoodula kaarmika udyamamgaa paeru maarchukundi. 1920loe laber paarteetho daani asalu anubandha hodha yoodu saamyavaada kaarmika party (pole jion) gaa undedi.
prapanchavyaaptamgaa.
antarjaateeyamgaa, pole jion kudi prapancha geonist samsthalo prapancha kaarmika geonist udyamam dwara praatinidhyam vahistundi; doubleuzo lopala doubluelgem yokka "edama vaipuna" unna samuuham mapam yokka varasudu, meretz yokka prapancha union. meretz soshalistu international sabhyudiga mapamnu vijayavantam chesaadu mariyu 2013 nundi pragatiseela kootamilo kooda sabhyudu.

