nissabda maargam

nissabda maargam anedi caleb gattegno roopondinchina bhasha bodhanaa vidhanam, idhi nissabdaanni bodhanaa paddhatigaa vistrutamgaa upayogistundi. gategno suutraalu thana pustakam "teaching farrin longuages inn schools dhi sailent vae" loe eee paddhatini pravesapettaadu. aaa samayamlo pradhana sravanti bhasha vidyanu gattegno vimarsinchaaru, mariyu athanu eee paddhatini prastuta bhasha bodhana shaastram kante thana saadhaarana vidya siddhaantaalapai aadharapaddadu. idhi saadhaaranamgaa "pratyaamnaaya" bhasha bodhanaa paddhatigaa pariganinchabadutundi; vanta "itara sailula" kinda samuuhaalu chestundi, richards dheenini "pratyaamnaaya vidhanalu mariyu paddhatula" kinda samuuhaalu chestundi mariyu zin & cartazzi dheenini "maanavataavaada ledhaa pratyaamnaaya vidhaanaala" kinda samuuham chestundi.
eee paddhati abhyaasakula swayampratipatti mariyu churukaina vidyaarthi bhagaswamyanni nokki chebutundi. eee lakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki nissabdam oka saadhanamgaa upayoginchabadutundi; upadhyayudu vidyaarthula drushtini kendreekarinchadaaniki, vaari nundi pratispandanalanu pondadaaniki mariyu vaari swantha tappulanu saricheyadaaniki vaarini prothsahinchadaaniki nissabdam mariyu havabhavala misramaanni upayogistaadu. prati paatham daani kosam ekkuva samayam gadipinanduna, uchchaarana paddhati praathamikamgaa pariganinchabadutundi. nissabda maargam oka nirmaanaatmaka silabasnu upayogistundi mariyu takkuva sankhyalo kriyaatmaka mariyu bahumukha padaalanu bodhinchadampai drushti pedutundi. anuvaadam mariyu raayi punaraavrutam nivaarinchabadataayi, mariyu bhasha saadhaaranamgaa ardhavantamaina sandarbhaalalo abhyasinchabadutundi. moolyaankanam pariseelana dwara nirvahinchabadutundi, mariyu upadhyayudu ennadoo adhikaarika pareekshanu erpaatu cheyakapovachhu.
nissabda maargam yokka mukhya lakshanaalalo okati vantakaala raadla vadakam, veetini saadhaarana aadesaalanu pravesapettadam nundi deenikainaa upayoginchavacchu ("rendu erra raadlu teesukoni aameku ivvandi.") gadiyaralu mariyu naela pranaalikalu vanti vastuvulanu suuchimchadaaniki. eee paddhati uchchaarananu neerpadaaniki sahaayapadataaniki rangu anubandhaalanu kooda aakarshistundi; bhasha sabdaalanu neerpadaaniki upayoginche dhwani-rangu chaart, vakyalapai pani cheyadaaniki upayoginche rangu padha pataalu mariyu spelling neerpadaaniki upayoginche rangu fidel pataalu unnaayi. nissabda maargam daani asalu roopamlo vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadanappatiki, daani aalochanalu mukhyamgaa uchchaarana bodhanalo prabhaavavantamgaa unnaayi.
nepathyam mariyu suutraalu.
suutraalu "paatasaalallo videshee bhashalanu bodhinchadam" modatisaarigaa prachurinchabadinappudu gattegno bhasha vidyaku bayati vyakti. eee pustakamlo aaa kaalamlooni atyanta pramukha bhasha vidyaavaettalu mariyu bhasha saastravettala paerlu spashtamgaa laevu, mariyu daani prachurana taruvaata dasaabdamloo gattegno rachanalu bhasha vidya pustakaalu mariyu patrikalalo arudugaa udaharinchabaddaayi. ayana gatamlo ganitam mariyu pathana kaaryakramaala roopakartagaa unnaaru, mariyu rangu pataalu mariyu rangu vantakaala raadla vadakam nissabdamgaa eee anubhavam nundi neerugaa perigindi.
bhasha bodhanalo thana kaalamlooni bhasha siddhaantam paatra gurinchi gategno bahirangamgaa sandehinchaaru. bhasha adhyayanalu "oka pratyekata kaavacchu, [adhi] vaaritho paatu okari sunnitatvaaniki irukaina teranu kaligi untundi mariyu bahusha vistruta lakshyanni drushtilo unchukuni chaalaa takkuvagaa panichestundi" anie ayana bhaavinchaaru. nissabda maargam gategno yokka vistruta vidya suutraala yokka pratyeka sandarbhamgaa bhaavinchabadindi, idhi athanu neerchukoevadamloo saadhaarana samasyalanu parishkarinchadaaniki abhivruddhi chesaadu mariyu idhi athanu gatamlo maatrubhaashalo ganitam mariyu spelling bodhanaku vartimpajesaadu. sthuulamgaa, eee suutraalu
eee suutraalu aavishkarana abhyasa sampradaayamlo nissabda marganni sthaapistaayi, idhi abhyasanni srujanaatmaka samasya parishkara karyakalapamga chustundi.
design mariyu lakshyalu.
nissabda maargam yokka saadhaarana lakshyam prarambha sthaayi vidyaarthulu lakshya bhaashalo praathamika praaveenyaanni pondadamlo sahayapadatam, antima lakshyam sthaanika bhasha praaveenyam mariyu manchi uchchaarana. eee saamardhyamlo oka mukhyamaina bhaagam sweeya-vyakteekarana kosam bhashanu upayoginchagalagadam; vidyaarthulu tama aalochanalu, bhavalu mariyu avasaralanu lakshya bhaashalo vyakteekarinchagalagaali. dheenini saadhinchadamlo vaariki sahaayapadataaniki, upaadhyaayulu swaavalambananu nokki chebutaaru. bhashanu churukuga anveshinchadaaniki, bhaashaasaastraparamgaa aamodayogyamaina vaati gurinchi vaari swantha 'antargata pramaanaalanu' abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki vidyaarthulanu prothsahistaaru. 
upadhyayudi paatra saanketika nipunudu ledhaa injanir yokkadi. upadhyayudi pani vidyaarthula drushtini kendrikarinchadam, bhasha sadupaayaanni abhivruddhi cheyadamlo vaariki sahaayapadataaniki vyayaamaalanu andinchadam; ayithe, vaari swaavalambananu nirdhaarinchadaaniki, upadhyayudu vidyaarthulaku khachitamgaa avasaramainanta matrame sahayam cheyali. gategno cheppinatlugaa, "upadhyayudu vidyaarthitho kalisi panicheestaadu; vidyaarthi bhashapai panicheestaadu."udaaharanaku, upaadhyaayulu tarachugaa vidyaarthulaku oka prasnaku samadhanam ichhe mundu vaari tappulanu sarididdukovadaaniki samayam istaaru. upaadhyaayulu prasamsalu ledhaa vimarsalanu kooda nivaaristaaru, endukante idhi vidyaarthulanu swaavalambananu pempondinchakundaa nirutsaahaparustundi.
nissabdamgaa vidyaarthulu tamatho paatu taragati gadiki vistaaramaina anubhavam mariyu gnaanaanni teesukuvastunnatlugaa chuustaaru; avi vaari modati bhasha. kotta vishayalanu parichayam chesetappudu guruvu eee gnaanaanni sadviniyogam chesukuntaru, ellappuduu telisina nundi teliyani varaku nirmistaaru. vidyaarthulu daani dhwani vyavasthanu adhyayanam cheyadam dwara bhashapai tama adhyayananni praarambhistaaru. neerchukuntunna bhashaku pratyaekamaina dhwani-rangu pattikanu upayoginchi sabdaalu vividha rangulatho mudipadi untaayi. upadhyayudu modata vidyaarthula maatrubhaashalo ippatike unna sabdaalanu velikiteestaadu, aapai vaariki kotta sabdaala abhivruddhiki munduku saagataadu. eee dhwani-rangu anubandhalu taruvaata vidyaarthulaku spelling, patanam mariyu uchchaaranalo sahaayapadataaniki upayoginchabadataayi.
nissabda maargam nirmaanaatmaka silabasnu upayogistundi. upadhyayudu saadhaaranamgaa oka samayamlo oka kotta bhasha nirmaanaanni parichayam chestaaru, mariyu paatha nirmaanaalu nirantaram sameekshinchabadataayi mariyu recycle cheyabadataayi. eee nirmaanaalu vaati pratipaadanaatmaka ardham kosam empika cheyabadataayi, vaati sambhaashana viluva kosam kaadu. upadhyayudu prati kotta nirmaanampai vaari drushtini kendrikarinche vidyaarthula kosam abhyasa paristhitulanu erpaatu chestaaru. udaaharanaku, "lopala" mariyu "velupala" anae bhaavanalanu parichayam cheyadaaniki upadhyayudu oka inti floor plannu label cheyamani vidyaarthulanu adagavacchu. bhasha nirmaanaalanu eee vidhamgaa pradarsinchina tarvaata, abhyaasakulu prerana prakriya dwara vyaakarana niyamaalanu neerchukuntaaru.
bhasha abhyasa prakriyaku yea padajaalam bodhinchaalo enchukovadam chaalaa mukhyamainadani gategno bhaavinchaadu. vidyaarthulaku kriyaatmaka padajaalaanni nirminchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki, atyanta kriyaatmakamaina mariyu bahumukha padaalapai drushti pettaalani ayana upaadhyaayulaku suuchimchaaru.
anuvaadam mariyu raayi punaraavrutam nivaarinchabadataayi, badulugaa vidyaarthula avagahana dwara ardhaanni teliyajeyadaaniki mariyu ardhavantamaina sandarbhaallo bhashanu abhyasinchadam dwara praadhaanyata ivvabadutundi. floor plaan udaaharanalo, pranaalika anuvaadam yokka avasaranni niraakaristundi, mariyu upadhyayudu kevalam inti vividha bhaagaalanu choopinchadam dwara vidyaarthulaku ardhavantamaina abhyasanni andinchagaladu. churukuga vinadam, matladatam, chadavadam mariyu rayadam anae naalugu naipunyaalu prarambha dasala nundi pani chestaayi, ayinappatikee vidyaarthulu edainaa cheppadam neerchukunna tarvaata matrame chadavadam neerchukuntaaru.
nissabda maargamlo moolyaankanam pradhanamgaa pariseelana dwara nirvahinchabadutundi. upaadhyaayulu ennadoo adhikaarika pareeksha ivvakapovachhu, conny vaaru nirantaram vaari charyalanu gamaninchadam dwara vidyaarthulanu anchanaa vaestaaru. idhi vidyaarthulaku evaina samasyalaku ventane spandinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. upaadhyaayulu kooda vidyaarthula lopaalanu gamaninchadam dwara abhiprayanni pondutaaru; lopaalu sahajamainaviga mariyu neerchukoevadaaniki avasaramainaviga pariganinchabadataayi mariyu yea nirmaanaalaku marinta sadhana avasaram anedaaniki upayogakaramaina maargadarsigaa untundi. antekakunda, paatham chivarilo vidyaarthulanu adagadam dwara upaadhyaayulu abhiprayanni pondavacchu. vidyaarthulanu moolyaankanam chesetappudu, upaadhyaayulu vaaru ververu raetlaloo neerchukoevaalani aasistaaru, mariyu vidyaarthulu tama sahavidyaarthula kante nemmadigaa neerchukunnanduku jarimana vidhinchabadaru. upaadhyaayulu bhaashalo sthiramaina purogati kosam chuustaaru, paripuurnata kosam kaadu.
prakriya.
bodhana paddhatulu.
paeru suuchimchinatlugaa, nissabdam anedi nissabda maargamlo guruvu yokka mukhya sadhanam. prarambha sthaayila nundi, vidyaarthulu 90 saatam ledhaa anthakante ekkuva matladataru. nissabdamgaa undatam taragati gadhi drushtini upadhyayudi nundi vidyaarthulaku kadilistundi mariyu vaari madhya sahakaranni prothsahistundi. idhi taragatini gamaninchadaaniki upaadhyaayudini kooda swechchagaa chestundi. vidyaarthulu tama tappulanu saricheyadaaniki saayapadataaniki nissabdaanni upayoginchavacchu. oka vidyaarthi tananu taanu sarididdukovadaaniki samayam ivvadamlo porapaatu chesinappudu upaadhyaayulu mounamgaa undavacchu; vaaru swaram lekunda padaalanu noti dwara cheppadam dwara mariyu konni chethi havabhavalanu upayoginchadam dwara kooda vidyaarthulaku vaari uchchaaranalo sahaayapadavachhu. upaadhyaayulu matladetappudu, vaaru okasari matrame vishayalu chebutaaru, tadwara vidyaarthulu tama drushtini vaaripai kendrikarinchadam neerchukuntaaru.
nissabda maargam taragati gadhi kooda thootivaari diddubaatunu vistrutamgaa upayogistundi. bhaashalooni edainaa nirdishta lakshanamtho ibbandi padinapudu tama sahavidyaarthulaku sahayam cheyamani vidyaarthulanu prothsahistaaru. eee sahayam pootii paddhatiloo kakunda sahakaara paddhatiloo cheyali. upaadhyaayula panulalo okati eee paraspara charyalanu paryaveekshinchadam, tadwara avi sahaayapadataayi mariyu vidyaarthula abhyaasamlo jokyam chesukokunda untaayi.
bodhanaa samagri.
nissabda maargam pratyeka bodhanaa saamagrini upayogistundih rangu vantakaala raadlu, dhwani-rangu chaart, vard chaartlu mariyu fidel chartulu. vantakaala raadlu chekkatho untaayi, ivi padhi ververu podavulalo vastaayi, conny okela cross-section untaayi; prati podavuku daani swantha ketaayinchina rangu untundi. taragatilo vividha rakaala paristhitulalo raadlanu upayogistaaru. prarambha dasalalo vaatini rangulu mariyu sankhyalanu abhyasinchadaaniki upayoginchavacchu, taruvaata vaatini marinta sanklishtamaina vyaakaranamlo upayoginchavacchu. udaaharanaku, puurvapadaalanu bodhinchadaaniki upadhyayudu "neelam raad aakupaccha mariyu pasupu raad madhya undhi" anae prakatnanu upayoginchavacchu. vidyaarthulu samayam gurinchi neerchukuntunnappudu gadiyaranni suuchimchadaaniki vaatini marinta nairuupyamgaa kooda upayoginchavacchu.
dhwani-rangu pattikalo rangu yokka blocks untaayi, oka rangu neerchukuntunna bhaashalo oka dhwanini suuchistumdi. uchchaarananu bodhinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki upadhyayudu eee pattikanu upayogistaadu; alaage vividha sabdaalatoe vidyaarthulaku sahaayapadataaniki rangulanu chuupadamtoe paatu, upadhyayudu nirdishta rangulanu kooda nokkavacchu, vidyaarthulaku padha ottidini neerchukoevadamloo sahaayapadataaniki chaalaa kashtapadavachhu. taruvaata abhyasa prakriyaloo, vidyaarthulu swayamgaa chartunu suuchimchavachchu. chaart vidyaarthulu vaari modati bhaashalo sambhavinchani sabdaalanu grahinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi, mariyu idhi vidyaarthulu yaantrika punaraavrutampai aadharapadakunda eee sabdaalanu tayaaru cheyadam abhyasinchadaaniki kooda anumatistundi. idhi vidyaarthulaku yea sabdaalu unnayo, evi laenivoe sulabhamgaa dhruveekarinchagala rikaardunu kooda andistundi, idhi vaari svayampratipattini meruguparachagaladu.
padha pataalu lakshya bhasha yokka kriyaatmaka padajaalaanni kaligi untaayi mariyu dhwani-rangu patam vale adhe rangu pathakaanni upayogistaayi. prati aksharam daani uchchaarananu soochinche vidhamgaa rangulo untundi. vidyaarthulu neerchukuntunna vakyalalo vividha padaala uchchaarananu highlight cheyadaaniki upadhyayudu chartunu suuchimchavachchu. aanglamlo pannendu padaala pataalu unnaayi, veetilo mottam aidu vandala padaalu unnaayi. fidel pataalu kooda adhe rangu-sanketaanni upayogistaayi mariyu sabdaalanu vrayagala vividha maargaalanu jabita chestaayi. udaaharanaku, aanglamlo, dhwani/ii/kosam namodulo "ayy", "eaa", "eai", "eeyy", modalainavi untaayi.annee oke rangulo vrayabaddayi. vidyaarthulu sabdaalanu vaari spellingtho anubandhinchadaaniki veetini upayoginchavacchu.
sweekarana mariyu prabhavam.
2000 natiki, nissabda marganni koddi sankhyalo upaadhyaayulu matrame upayoginchaaru. eee upaadhyaayulu tarachugaa khachitatvam ledhaa abhyasa vegam mukhyamaina paristhitulalo panicheestaaru. vaari pani paristhitulu kooda savaluga undavacchu, udaaharanaku niraksharaasyulaina saranaarthulathoo panicheyadam. ayithe, nissabda maargam venuka unna aalochanalu mukhyamgaa bodhana uchchaarana rangamlo prabhaavavantamgaa konasagutunnayi.

