beijing nagara kotalu

beijing nagara kotalanu 1400la praarambhamlo chainaalooni beijing nagaramlo nirminchina towerlu mariyu getlatho kuudina godala shrenigaa undevi, mariyu beijing sabwe yokka 2va ring road mariyu line 2 nirmaanam kosam vaatini paakshikamgaa kuulchiveesaaru. asalu godalu beijing railway stationku dakshinaana unna nagaramloni aagneya bhaagamlo bhadraparachabaddayi. nagara lopali mariyu bayati godala mottam chuttukolata sumaruga vistarinchi undhi.
yuvan, ming, quing raajavamsaalalo ekkuva mandiki beijing chaina rajadhaanigaa, alaage liao, zin raajavamsaalaku dviteeya rajadhaanigaa undedi. anduvalla, nagaraniki nishedhinchabadina nagaram, saamraajya nagaram, lopali nagaram mariyu bayati nagaram chuttoo vistrutamaina koota vyavastha avasaram. kotallo gate towerlu, getlu, vampu margalu, vaachtavarlu, barbicanlu, barbican towerlu, barbican getlu, barbican vampu margalu, sluis getlu, sluis gate towerlu, satruvulanu chuse towerlu, corner gaardu towerlu mariyu kandaka vyavastha unnaayi. idhi saamraajya chaina loe atyanta vistrutamaina rakshana vyavasthanu kaligi undhi.
samarthinchaaru quing raajavamsam patanam taruvaata, beijing kotalu kramamga koolchiveyabaddaayi. nishedhinchabadina nagaram chaalaa varaku chekkuchedarakunda undhi, mariyu rajabhavanam sangrahalayamga maarindi. tianonmen, jengyangmen vadda gate tower mariyu watchtower, deshengmen vadda watchtower, aagneya muulaloe unna gaardu tower mariyu chongwenmen sameepamlo lopali nagara godaloni oka bhaagam vanti konni kotalu chekkuchedarakunda unnaayi. taruvaati rendu bhagalu ippudu ming city wall avasheshaala paarkunu yerparustaayi. bayati nagaram edhee chekkuchedarakunda ledhu. koolchiveyabaddaayi angdingmen puurtigaa punarnirminchabadindi.
charitra.
ming mariyu quing raajavamsaalalo beijing puurvagaami ayina daadu nagaranni nagaranni yuvan raajavamsam nirminchindi. daaduku 11 nagara dwaaraalu undevi. thoorpu, dakshina, paschima vaipula moodu dwaaraalu, uttara godaku rendu dwaaraalu undevi. uttaram nundi dakshinam varaku moodu thoorpu dwaaraalanu gwangximen (), chongrenmen (), mariyu kihuwamen () anie pilicheevaaru. uttaram nundi dakshinam varaku unna moodu paschima dwaaraalanu sukmingmen (), haimen (), mariyu pingjemen () anie pilicheevaaru. paschimam nundi thoorpu varaku moodu dakshina dwaaraalanu shunchengmen (shh), lizengmen (shh), wenmingmen (shh) anie pilicheevaaru. paschimam nundi thoorpu varaku unna rendu uttara dwaaraalanu giandemen () mariyu angenmen () anie pilicheevaaru.
1368 augustulo ming raajavamsaaniki chendina general juu daa chivari yuvan chakravarthy shun nundi nagaranni swaadheenam chesukunnadu. muttadi samayamlo daadu yokka koota vyavastha rakshinchadaaniki chaalaa peddadani juu daa nirnayinchukunnadu, kabatti athanu nagaram yokka uttara godalanu asalu pradaesaaniki dakshinaana punarnirminchaalani aadesinchaadu. eee nirmaanam nagaram yokka pranaalikaabaddhamaina uttara vistaranaku mundastugaa antaraayam kaliginchindi. kotta godanu adanapu itukala poratho nirminchaaru, idhi nagaram yokka rakshananu marinta balopetam chesindi.
asalu uttara godalu 1372 taruvaata vidichipettabaddayi, conny ming raajavamsam samayamlo ippatikee dviteeya rakshanagaa upayoginchabaddaayi. oka daa tirugubaatu samayamlo, aaa dwaaraala vadda kontamandi ming dalaalu moharinchabaddaayi. daadu nagara godala uttara mariyu paschima vibhagalalo oka chinna bhaagam matrame migili undhi, alaage aaa praantaalalo kandaka vyavasthalooni konni bhagalu matrame migili unnaayi. sukwingmen vadda barbican yokka debbatinna bhoomi goda yokka dakshina sagam kooda netikee kanipistundi.
kanipistundi hangvu chakravarthy thana naalugo kumarudu juu dii (taruvaata angle chakravarthy) kuu yaan dependency raaju anae birudunu, beeping (prastuta beijing) loe thana raajadhaanito manjuru chesaadu. chesaadu kotta rajabhavanam puurtayimdi, marusati samvatsaramlo juu dii maarchabadindi.
maarchabadindi juu dii nagaram paerunu beeping ("uttara shanti") nundi beijing ("uttara rajadhani") gaa maarchindi. undhi athanu thana rajadhaanini nanjing nundi beijing kuu taralinchadaaniki pranaalika veyadam praarambhinchaadu. beijing appudu kevalam juu dii meeda aadhaarapadina yaan raajyaaniki rajadhaanigaa undedi, mariyu chaalaa vistrutamaina kotalu laevu. kotta rajadhani uttaraadi nundi chedurumaduru mangol chorabaatlanu thattukodaaniki rakshana avasaralanu teerchadaaniki vistrutamaina vistarana mariyu punarnirmaana panulu avasaram. idhi beijing koota yokka ming vibhagala nirmaanaaniki naandi palikindi, veetilo konni ippatikee unnaayi.
yaan raaju rajabhavanam punaadulapai undhi xini ("lopali paschimam") nirmaana panulu prarambhamayyayi. adhi marusati samvatsaram puurtayimdi. puurtayimdi changping jillaalooni tianshou parvatam vadda gianshouling puurtayimdi. asalu nonging saamraajya rajabhavananni anukarinche shaililo shaililo nishedhinchabadina nagara samudaayamlo nirmaana panulu prarambhamayyayi. taimiyao, puurveekula haall, mount vansui, taiye sarassu, padhi mandhi raajula nivaasaalu, saamraajya yuvarajula nivaasaalu, adhikaarula nivaasaalu mariyu drum mariyu bell towerlu vanti nishedhinchabadina nagara mandiraalu, rajabhavanalu mariyu mantapaalu eee samayamlo nirminchabaddaayi. bhavishyat saamraajya nagara samudaayaaniki marinta sthalaanni anumatinchadaaniki dakshina nagara godalanu dakshina disagaa marcharu. marcharu ming raajavamsam chaina rajadhani adhikarikamga nonging ("dakshina rajadhani") nundi beijing ("uttara rajadhani") kuu maarchabadindi. swargam yokka aalayam, bhoomi yokka aalayam mariyu jiannong aalayam appudu dakshina shivaaru praantaalalo nirminchabaddaayi. munupati raajavamsam yokka kii (kotta kii thoorpu nundi vastundi, ikkada suuryudu pratiroojuu udayistaadu) nuu longadeesukoovadaaniki nagaram yokka kendra aksham thoorpu vaipu kadilindani konni muulaalu suuchistunnaayi.
ming raajavamsam chakravarthy ying aadesaala meraku 1436 mariyu 1445 madhya nagaram yokka rendava vistarana jarigindi. pradhana panulalo nagara godala lopali bhaagamlo adanapu itukala poranu jodinchadam, taiye sarassu vadda dakshina chivaranu srushtinchadam, tommidi pradhana nagara getla vadda gate towerlu, barbicanlu mariyu watchtowerla nirmaanam, naalugu muulala gaardu towerla nirmaanam, prati pradhana nagara gate velupala paifang erpaatu mariyu chekka kandaka vantenala sthaanamlo raathi vantenalu erpaatu cheyadam vantivi unnaayi. vantenala kinda sluislu nirminchabaddaayi mariyu kandakam yokka kattaku raathi mariyu itukala punarnirmaanaalu jodinchabaddaayi.
kottagaa vistarinchina nagara goda mariyu kandaka vyavastha chuttukolata chuttoo 45 lease (), baleeyamaina rakshananu andinchindi. saamraajya samadhulu nagara shivaarlalo nirminchabaddaayi. muttadi samayamlo beijing rakshana kosam maarutunna nagaram, sarafara nagaram, goppa goda lopali bhagalu mariyu itara suduura kotalu nirminchabaddaayi.
eee nagaram mangols nundi aneka dandayaatralanu edurkondi. edurkondi bayati nagaram nirmaanam pratipaadinchabadindi. vachindi, asalu nagaraniki dakshinaana oka pedda deerghachaturasraakaara bayati nagara goda mariyu kandaka vyavastha puurtayimdi, idhi "′" aksharam maadirigaane aakaraanni yerparustundi. eee rakshanaatmaka chuttukolata daadaapu 400 samvatsaraala paatu nirvahinchabadindi.
goda mariyu kandaka rakshana vyavasthanu quing raajavamsam (1644-1912) maarchaledu. ayithe, saamraajya nagaram puurtigaa punahroopakalpana cheyabadindi. ming raajavamsam antargata cabinet adhikarulu nivasaluga upayoginchina aneka illu, alaage aneka saamraajya adhikaarula karyalayalu, sevakula nivaasaalu, giddangulu mariyu endugaddi nilva giddangulu saamaanyulaku nivasamga marchabaddayi. hohn chaineeyulu bayati nagaramlo ledhaa nagaram velupala nivasinchavalasi vachindi, endukante lopali nagara nivaasaalu chakravarthiki sambandhinchina enimidi bannerlu-manchulaku pratyaekamgaa nivasaluga marai. saamraajya bandhuvula kosam nagaram lopali bhaagamlo adanapu gruhalu, alaage jelag saakhaku chendina bouddha devalayalu nirminchabaddaayi. paschima shivaaru praantaallooni "moodu parvataalu aidu udyaanavanaalu" paarku kooda eee samayamlo nirminchabadindi.
quing raajavamsam kaalamlo british vaaru modatisaari beijing cherukunnappudu, vaaru nagaramloni naalugu bhaagaalanu vaartaapatrikalo namodu chesaru chainees nagaram (bayati nagaram), tartar nagaram (lopali nagaram), saamraajya nagaram mariyu nishedhinchabadina nagaram.
tolaginchadam.
unnaayi lii jitcheng nagaram nundi venudiriginappudu, ming saamraajya rajabhavana samudaayam mariyu pradhana nagara dwaaraalaku nippu pettaalani aadesinchaadani chaaritraka recordulu suuchistunnaayi. conny conny, chivaraku godalu koolchiveyabadinappudu, dongzimen mariyu chongwenmen towerlu mariyu gate vibhagalu ming originals anie kaarmikulu grahinchaaru.
ming mariyu quing raajavamsaala kaalamlo 1900 varaku goda mariyu kandaka vyavasthalu baga nirvahinchabadutunnaayi. randhraalu vaeyadaaniki anumatinchabadaledu, vampulu cheyabadaledu. edainaa nashtam-okka ituka tappipoyinappatiki-ventane adhikaarulaku nivedinchi marammatu cheyabadindi.
baxer tirugubaatu samayamlo kotalaku chaalaa nashtam jarigindi (1898-1901). nyaayamaina saamarasya samajam jengyangmen vadda unna dwara gopuraanni tagalabettindi, daani kaapalaadaaru gopuraanni bhaarata dalaalu dhvamsam chesaayi. choyangmen mariyu chongwenmen vadda unna kaapalaadaaru gopuraalu japanese mariyu british dalaala phirangula kaalpulatoe dhvamsamayyaayi mariyu lopali nagaraniki vaayuvya muulaloe unna kaapalaadaaru gopuram russian firangitho dhvamsamaindi. british dalaalu angdingmen vadda bayati nagara godala paschima bhaganni, swarga aalaya chuttoo unna nagara godalanu kuulchiveesaayi. vaaru beijing-fengtian railway yokka terminusnu nagaram velupala unna majiyapu nundi british mariyu american dalaala pradhana karyalayalu unna swarga aalaya maidaanaaniki marcharu. ming raajavamsam taruvaata nagara godalanu ullanghinchadam idhe modatisaari. modatisaari british dalaalu thoorpu vaipu jengyangmen varaku railway vistarananu anumatinchadaaniki angdingmen vadda bayati nagara godala thoorpu bhaganni kuulchiveesaayi. idhi jengyangmen thoorpu railway station (prastuta kianmen station) nirmaanaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. ikkada, british rayabara karyalayam mariyu consulate sibbandi tirogamana avasaramaite tiensin odarevu nagaraniki (ippudu tianzin) prayaaninchadaaniki raillalo ekkavacchu. beijing dang bianmen-tong jhou feeder railway nirmaanam kosam british dalaalu dang bianmen sameepamlo bayati nagara goda yokka thoorpu bhaganni kooda kuulchiveesaayi.
samarthinchaaru quing chaina saamraajya prabhutvam kuppakoolindi. 1912 mariyu 1949 madhya, republic off chaina biang prabhutvam mariyu jaateeyavaada prabhutvam annee chinna punarnirmaanam mariyu sardubaatu panulanu chepattaayi. maarchabadindi beijing circum-city railway nirminchinappudu, eshaanya mariyu aagneya muulallooni drushya gopuraalu koolchiveyabaddaayi mariyu eee muulallooni gaardu gopuraala prakka godalalo railla kosam margaluga nirminchina vampulu unnaayi. deshengmen, andingmen, chauyangmen mariyu dongzimen vadda barbican mariyu sluis getlanu railla rakapokala kosam kuulchiveesaaru. kianmen praantamloo traafiknu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki jengyangmen vadda barbicannu kuulchiveesaaru. heppingmen, ziangumen, fuxingmen mariyu aneka itara chinna getla sameepamlo nagara godalalo railla kosam vampulu kattirinchabaddaayi. dakshinam nundi nairuti bhaagam minaha saamraajya nagaram yokka godalu puurtigaa koolchiveyabaddaayi.
nirvahana kosam nidhulu lekapovadam valla lopali nagaram mariyu bayati nagaram yokka pradhana dwaaraala dwaaram towerlu, kaapalaadaaru towerlu mariyu muula towerlu kalakramena koolchiveyabaddaayi. conny unnaayi peeples republic off chaina sthaapinchabadinappudu, shidhilaavasthalo unnappatikee, ekkuva bhaagam kandakaalu mariyu gate towerlu unikilo unnaayi.
unnaayi beijing kottagaa sthaapinchabadina communistu prabhutvaaniki rajadhaanigaa maarindi. prabhutva praayojita nagara pranaalika adhyayanalu migilina goda mariyu kandaka nirmaanaalu traaphik pravaahaaniki aatamkam kaligistunnayani mariyu vistarana mariyu abhivruddhiki addankigaa unnayani choopinchaayi. srushtinchabaddaayi bayati nagara goda puurtigaa koolchiveyabadindi, undevi lopali godalu koolchiveyabaddaayi.
intalo, migilina nagara godalanu unchala ledhaa kulchiveyala anae daanipai charcha chelaregindi. vaastusilpi liang sitcheng godalanu unchadaaniki pramukha nyaayavaadi. perigina traaphik avasaralanu teerchagala kotta rahadaarulaku anugunamgaa marinni vampulanu kattirinchaalani ayana sifaarsu chesaaru, paryaavaranaanni andamgaa teerchididdadaaniki nagara godalu mariyu kandakaala velupala ventane pedda circum-city public paarkunu nirminchaalani suuchimchaaru. rakshanaku anukuula maddatudaarulalo redologist yuu pingbo, appati saamskrutika saakha upa mantri jeng jenduvo mariyu desamlo appati soviet nagara pranaalikadaarulu unnaaru. raajakeeya ottiditoe anukuula nirvahana brundam nissabdam cheyabadindi, mariyu goppa mundadugu (1958-1961) mugise samayaniki, bayati nagara goda puurtigaa koolchiveyabadindi mariyu lopali goda podavu sagaaniki padipoyindi.
vyavasthalu chaina, soviet union madhya sambandhaalu debbatinnaayi. sino-soviet vibhajana taruvaata, soviet uniontho yuddham anivaryam anie prajalu bhaavinchaaru. bhoogarbha bambu aasrayaalu, bhoogarbha "sarafara nagaralu" mariyu bhoogarbha railway-beijing metro-praarambhinchabaddaayi. metro panulu 1965 juulai 1naa prarambhamayyayi. upayoginchina nirmaana saanketikata cutt-und-cover metro maargam ekkadiki vellinaa, uparitalampai unna pratidee koolchiveyavalasi vachindi. illanu koolchiveyadam, prajalanu marchadam chaalaa goppa pani kabatti, nagara godalu, kandakaalu unna chota metro line nirminchaalani nirnayam teesukunnaru.
mariyu praarambhamaina koolchiveta pani beijing nagara prabhutva roadlu mariyu abhivruddhi vibhagam paryaveekshanhaloo jarigindi. nagaramloni kotala nundi nirmaana saamagrini pondaalani aasinchina prajalu mariyu karmagaralu koolchivethalo paalgonadaaniki swachchandamgaa munduku vachayi. metro vyavasthapai nirmaanam praarambhamaina taruvaata, prakriya yokka vegam mariyu saamarthyaanni penchadaaniki koolchiveta paniki sahaayapadataaniki dalaalanu teesukuvacchaaru. tolaginchina godala modati vibhagam lopali nagara goda yokka dakshina bhaagam, juvanvumen mariyu changwenmen, oka guntanu vadilivesindi. rendava dasha lopali nagaraniki aagneya muulalooni beijing railway stationlo praarambhamai, ziangumen, andingmen, gizimen mariyu fooksingmen pradaesaala gundaa saagindi. gopuraalu mariyu godalanu tolaginchi, maroka guntanu srushtinchaaru. daadaapu chaalaa kaalam paatu zibianmen sameepamlo unna goda yokka oka bhaganni mudi padaarthaala nilva praantamgaa upayoginchaaru, tadwara koolchiveta nundi tappinchukunnaaru. metro line beijing railway station vaipu mallinanduna, antargata nagaraniki aagneya muulaloe unna chogwenmen nundi gaardu tower varaku maroka vibhagam vadiliveyabadindi. godala paibhagalu koolchiveyabaddaayi, tadwara vaati paibhagamlo nadavadam saadhyam kaaledu. 1972 nundi, metro paina 2va ring roadnu sugamam cheyadaaniki, mariyu kianmen praantamlooni ettaina apaartmentlu mariyu hotellaku sevalu andinchadaaniki, beijing yokka thoorpu, dakshina mariyu paschima kandakaalanu kappabadi muruguneeti kaluvaluga marcharu.
koolchiveyabadindi prabhutvam migilina nagara godala koolchivetanu nilipivesi, vatiki saamskrutika vaarasatva pradaesaalugaa paeru pettindi. eee samayaniki, chekkuchedarakunda unna vibhagalalo jengyangmen vadda gate tower mariyu watchtower, deshengmen vadda watchtower, aagneya muulaloe gaardu tower, lopali nagaram yokka uttara kandakaalu, beijing railway stationku dakshinaana lopali nagara goda yokka vibhagam mariyu zibianmen sameepamlo lopali nagara goda yokka oka chinna vibhagam matrame unnaayi.
rakshana.
ming mariyu quing raajavamsaala samayamlo beijing rakshana vyavasthalo nagara godalu, kandakaalu, gate towerlu, barbicanlu, watch towerlu, corner gaard towerlu, satruvu drushti towerlu mariyu nagaram velupala mariyu lopala sainika sibiraalu unnaayi. nagaraniki uttaraana unna parvataalu mariyu aaa parvata shrenulaloni antargata goppa goda vibhagalu kooda rakshanaatmaka chuttukolatagaa panicheesaayi.
ming raajavamsam samayamlo, beijing mariyu chuttupakkala shaashwata shibiramlo unna dalaalanu jingjun ledhaa jingiying ("rajadhani dalaalu") anie pilicheevaaru. angle yugamlo (1402-1424), vaaru wuzuniying (sainyamlo ekkuva mandhi), sankianing (kirai mariyu anubandha mangol dalaalatoe kuudina) mariyu shenziying (thupaakeelanu upayoginche dalaalatoe kuudina) anie piluvabade moodu samuhaluga vyavastheekarinchabaddaaru. moodu yinglanu 72 veelugaa vibhajinchaaru, veetini jongjun (madhya), juezun (edama madhya), yuezun (kudi madhya), juyoshajun (edama gaardu) mariyu yushajun (kudi gaardu) anae aidu samuhaluga vyavastheekarinchaaru; veetini samishtiga wuzuning ("aidu dalaalu") anie pilicheevaaru. jingjoonlalo ekkuva bhaagam paschima deshengwan velupala pradhana karyalayalu undevi. kondaru rajadhani praantamlooni graameena jillaalalo, nanuan, tonzou, lugoukiao, changping mariyu juangwan antargata goppa goda vadda sibiraalu erpaatu chesaaru. chesaaru tumu sankshobham samayamlo, mottam jingjun naasanam cheyabadindi, daadaapu 500,000 mandhi purushulu maraninchaaru. yuu kian appudu balagam yokka samsthaagata nirmaanaanni marchadu, aneka ververu shibiraala nundi sumaru 100,000 mandhi baga sikshana pondina dalaalanu oka suupar groupugaa teesukuvachaaduh 10-betalian suupar group. ming raajavamsaaniki chendina chakravarthy zian paalanalo dheenini 12 betalianlaku penchaaru. veetini dongganting mariyu jiguanting vadda lopali nagaram nundi aadesinchabaddaayi. nagara godala velupala drilling mariyu sikshanaa kshetraalanu kooda taatkaalika sibiraalugaa upayoginchavacchu. asalu wuzuning, sankianing mariyu shenziying saamraajya nagaram mariyu nishedhinchabadina nagaranni rakshinche baadhyata kaligina kaapalaadaarula vibhagaluga marchabaddayi. taruvaata saamraajya rakshakulatho jinyivi mariyu tengziangvi cheraaru, vaari commanderlalo "mianyivi dahan general", "hangqui general", "mingzia general", "bajang director" mariyu aneka mandhi itarulu unnaaru. saamraajya nagaramlo "hangpu" anae oka kaapalaadaaru sthaavaram erpadindi. ratrivela city getlu moosiveyabaddaayi mariyu pratyeka anumati ivvakapothe evarinee lopaliki ledhaa bayataku anumatinchaledu, ayithe oka minahaayimpu emitante, yukwan parvatam nundi nirantaram neeti buggalanu teesukuvacche bandlu. nagara veedhullo ratrivela nirantaram gastee chese gaardulu undevaaru. konni veedhullo ratriputa traafiknu nivaarinchadaaniki barikedlu erpaatu chesaaru. nagara godalapai saadhaaranamgaa pagalu ledhaa raatri stationlo sainikulu undaru. chaalaa mandhi godala kinda shibiraalalo nivasinchaaru, kondaru gate towerlu, watch towerlu mariyu satruvu drushti towerlaloo raatri shiftulu chesaaru. satruvula daadi pramaadam unnappudu matrame sainikulu nagara godalapai nilabaddaru. ming raajavamsam samayamlo, beijing tarachugaa mangol mariyu maanchu dalaala muttadilo undedi. beijing nagaram chaalaa saarlu puurtigaa moosiveyabadindi, saamaanyulu nagaramloki pravesinchadaanni nishedhinchaaru.
quing raajavamsam samayamlo, beijing rakshana dalaalu pradhanamgaa jiavokiyingpai aadharapaddaayi, vaaru antargata nagaramloni shibiraalalo chellacheduruga unnaaru, appudu pradhanamgaa manchulu nivasinchevaaru. avi enimidi bannerluga erpaatu cheyabaddayi andingmen vadda jiangwang banner, deshengmen vadda jengwang banner, dongzimen vadda jengboy banner, chauyangmen vadda ziangboy banner, gizimen vadda jenghang banner, futchengmen vadda jianghang banner, chongwenmen vadda jenglan banner mariyu juvan women vadda zianglan banner. prati bannerlo oka karyalaya haall, aneka sainika dalaala byaaraklu, oka petrolling station mariyu giddangi undevi. jiokiyingtho paatu, beijing mariyu chuttupakkala dalaalalo saasvatamgaa sibiraalu erpaatu chesina dalaalalo kianfengying, huzunaiying, bujan junboying, gianruing, huokiying (phirangula baadhyata), shenziying (modata (modata praarambhamaindi), mariyu hookwianging (tupaakula baadhyata) unnaayi. yang jeng shakam (1722-1735) nundi, saamraajya vishraanti udyaanavanaalanu rakshinche baadhyata kaligina enimidi byanaru gaardu dalaalu paatha vesavi rajabhavanam mariyu suvaasanagala kondala chuttoo unna praantamloo sibiraalu erpaatu chesaayi. lopali nagaramloni tommidi dwaaraalaku enimidi bannerla vyavastha adhe sthaanamlo undedi. dalaalalo manchuu, mangol, hohn sainikulu samanamga undevaaru. nagara dwaaraalanu rakshinche baadhyata kaligina chengmenling sainikulu eee bannerla nundi vachaaru jenglan banner, deshengmen zianglan banner, dangzimen ziangboy banner, gizimen jianghang banner, choyangmen jengboy banner, futchengmen jenghang banner, changwenmen jianghuwang banner, juvan women jenghuwang banner mariyu jengyangmen enimidi bannerla madhya tirigaaru. bayati nagaram yokka edu dwaaraalanu hohn dalaalu eee krindi bannerla nundi nirvahinchaayih dongbianmen jiangwang banner, zibianmen jengwang banner, gwangkumen jengboy banner, gwang 'unman jenghang banner, juvo' anmen zianglan mariyu ziangboy bannerlu, yuu 'unman jianghang banner mariyu angdingmen jenglan banner. banner jengyangmen minaha lopali nagaramloni enimidi bannerla kosam shaashwata byaaraklu nirminchabaddaayi. prati dwaaramlo mottam 3,680 gadula kosam 460 gadulu, nishedham kosam 90 gadulu mariyu jeng kosam 15 gadulu undevi. nagara godala velupala adanamgaa 16,000 gadulu undevi, prati bannerlo 2,000 gadulu undevi. manchuu dalaalaku 1,500 gadulu mariyu hohn dalaalaku 500 gadulu ketayinchabaddayi. nagara lopali godalapai 135 nilva gadulu kooda unnaayi, veetilo 106 disaatmaka jendaalu, firangulu, gunpouder mariyu tupaakulu vanti sainika parikaraala kosam unnaayi. unnaayi, asalu gaddi mariyu matti sthaavaraalu ksheenistunnanduna, lopali nagaram yokka tommidi dwaaraalaku okkokkati moodu gadulatho kuudina 241 illu jodinchabaddaayi. iravai enimidi dukaana gadulu, alaage 3,616 bayati nagara byaaraklu jodinchabaddaayi. quing raajavamsam (1644-1911) samayamlo, giavoquing sainikulu saadhaaranamgaa nagara godalapai kakunda nagara dwaaraala velupala nivasinchevaaru. muttadi samayamlo nagaranni rakshinchadaaniki idhi sulabham anie niroopinchabadindi. chakravarthy yuvanmingyuvan ledhaa swargapu aalayaaniki nagaram nundi bayaludaerinappudu matrame sainikulu godalapai nilabaddaru. dheeniki minahaayimpu juvanvumen; ratrivela terichi unde ekaika dwaaram, goda paibhagam nirantaram manushulatho undedi. aaa samayanni gurtinchadaaniki madhyahnam juvanvumen paina firangulu prayoginchabaddaayi.
ming mariyu quing raajavamsaala samayamlo, pradhana rakshana aayudhalu firelocklu, firangulu mariyu villu mariyu baanaalu. chonghuwan, haujin dalaalu beijing paie daadi chesaayi, unnaayi, lii jitcheng dalaalu beijing nuu muttadinchaayi. rendu muttadula samayamlo nagara godalapai unna dalaalu vistrutamgaa firangulanu upayoginchaayi. rendava nallamandu yuddham (1856-1860) samayamlo, nagara godala velupala unna dalaalapai daadi cheyadam maanesindi, endukante beijing chaalaa vistrutamgaa rakshinchabadindi. 1900 augustu 13 mariyu 15 augustu madhya, enimidi deshaala kootami beijing paie daadi chesinappudu, kotalu aakraminchabadataaniki mundu rendu rojula paatu phirangi daadula dwara bambu daadulanu edurkonnaayi. quing dalaalu tama ettaina ettunu, dattamaina godala rakshananu puurtigaa sadviniyogam chesukuni kootami dalaalanu kalchi champai. russian mariyu japanese dalaalu dongzimen mariyu choyangmen vadda godalo oka khaaliini paelchadaaniki nitrocellulosenu upayoginchadaaniki anekasaarlu prayatninchaayi, conny sainikulu kalchakunda fusenu veliginchenta daggaragaa raalekapoyinanduna viphalamayyayi. barbicons, satruvu drushti towerlu mariyu corner gaardu towerlu satruvu daadulanu nirodhinchadamlo chaalaa prabhaavavantamgaa niroopinchabaddaayi. udaaharanaku, augustu 13 raatri, russian dalaalu dangbianla kaapalaadaaru gopurampai daadi cheyadamlo vijayam saadhinchaayi, conny barbicanlo bhaarii praananashtam sambhavinchindi. augustu 14va thedhee tellavaarujaamuna vaaru kevalam oka dhooramlo unna dongbianmen vadda unna gate towernu jayincharu. bayati nagaram mariyu lopali nagaram kootami dalaalaku padipoyina taruvaata kooda, saamraajya nagaram yokka rakshana ippatikee konasaagindi. augustu 15 udayam, american dalaalu tianonmen getlanu naasanam cheyadaaniki aneka tupaakulanu upayoginchaayi, conny vaaru daanini pattukunnaru. japan dalaalu godanu adhirohinchadaaniki mariyu dwaaraalanu teravadaaniki nicchenalanu upayoginchaayi, tadwara kootami dalaalanu saamraajya nagaramloki anumatinchaayi. 1937 juulai 25naa jarigina oka sanghatanalo, japanese dalaala betalian fengtoy jillaalo shibiram vesi, "japanese valasadaarulanu rakshinchaalani" mariyu "dongziomine veedhi rayabara karyalaya jillaanu rakshinchaalani" taamu bhavistunnamani prakatinchi, beijing loki munduku saagadaaniki prayatninchindi. vaaru gwangmenloki pravesinchadam praarambhinchinappudu, daadaapu iravai mandhi chaina sainikulu gate tower paie nundi vaaripai kaalpulu jaripaaru, tadwara vaaru tama pranaalikanu vadulukovalasi vachindi. aaa vidhamgaa 1930luu mariyu 1940la aadhunika yugamlo kooda, shidhilaavasthalo unna kotalu rakshana paramgaa ippatikee upayogakaramgaa unnaayi.
antargata nagaram.
beijing lopali nagaranni jingcheng ("rajadhani nagaram") ledhaa dacheng ("pedda nagaram") anie kooda pilustaaru. thoorpu mariyu paschima vibhagalu modata yuvan nagaramaina daaduloo bhaagamgaa undevi, ayithe uttara mariyu dakshina vibhagalu hangvu (1368-1398) mariyu angle (1402-1424) yugaalalo prarambha ming raajavamsam samayamlo nirminchabaddaayi. raallatho kappabadina neelatoe mariyu lopali mariyu velupali bhaagamlo itukala tudi poratho godalu erpaddaayi. sagatu etthu 12 nundi 15 meterlu. prarambha ming raajavamsamlo nirminchina uttara mariyu dakshina vibhagalu, yuvan raajavamsam (1271-1368) samayamlo nirminchina thoorpu mariyu paschima vibhagala kante mandamgaa undevi. mandapati vibhagalu bays vadda sagatuna 19 nundi 20 meterlu mariyu eguvana 16 meterlu, paina paaraapetlu untaayi. lopali nagara godaku tommidi dwaaraalu mariyu prati muulaloe oka gopuram undevi. moodu sluis getlu, 172 satruvulanu chuse towerlu mariyu 11,038 yuddhabhoomulu unnaayi. nagara godala velupala ventane 30 nundi 60 meterla vedalpu gala lothaina kandakaalu undevi.
nagara lopali godalu.
beijing lopali nagara godalaku punaadigaa daadu nagara godalanu upayoginchaaru. undedi, ming dalaalu daaduloki pravesinchina taruvaata, general juu daa huwa jilangnu asalu uttara nagara godaku dakshinaana rendava nagara godanu nirminchamani aadesinchaadu. kotta goda taruvaata raallu mariyu itukalatho kappabadindi. goda asalu uttara nagara goda puurtigaa koolchiveyabadindi mariyu kotta godanu balopetam cheyadaaniki upayoginchina padaarthaalu. asalu saamraajya nagaram yokka chuttukolata aaa samayamlo 1,206 jhang (sumaru 4,020 meterlu) gaa kolustaaru. dakshina nagaram yokka chuttukolata 5,328 jhang (sumaru 17,760 meterlu). dakshina nagaram zin raajavamsam rajadhani jongdu avasheshaalanu kaligi undhi.
undhi rajadhaanini beijing kuu marchina taruvaata, dakshina nagara godanu 2 lii (sumaru oka kilometre) dakshinaaniki marcharu. pranaalikaabaddhamaina ming saamraajya nagaranni ativyaapti chesina oka chinna vibhagam tappa asalu daadu nagara godalu naasanam kaaledu. ayinappatikee, uchita itukalu mariyu raalla kosam vetukutunna prajalu daadu yokka dakshina nagara godalanu kramamga kuulchiveesaaru. angle yugamlo (1402-1424), dakshina, thoorpu mariyu paschima godalu raallu mariyu itukalatho balopetam cheyabaddaayi. mariyu tommidi nagara dwaaraala kosam gate towerlu, vaachtavarlu, barbicons, sluis getlu mariyu corner gaardu towerlapy nirmaanam praarambhamaindi. praarambhamaindi dwaaraalaku daariteese vantenalu nirminchabaddaayi. nirminchabaddaayi nagaram lopali godalu itukalatho balopetam cheyabaddaayi. eee vidhamgaa lopali nagaram yokka goda mariyu kandaka vyavastha puurtayimdi.
lopali nagaram yokka godala chuttukolata 24 kilometres. uttara mariyu dakshina godalu vaati asalu sthaanaala nundi taralinchabadatam valla thoorpu mariyu paschima godalu konchem podavugaa undadamtho idhi sumaru chadarapugaa undedi. vaayuvya vibhaagamlo oka sheersham ledhu; oka patamlo muulanu kattirinchinatlu kanipistundi. aakaasaanni sarichese nuwa anae chainees pouraanika kathalo, "vaayuvya disalo aakaasam kanipinchaledu, mariyu bhoomi aagneya disalo munigipotondi". remot sensingtho chesina shaastreeya parisoedhanala prakaram, eee praantamloo modata chittadi neelalu mariyu chittadi neelalatoe nirminchina nagara godalu undevi. nagaram velupala oka chinna tribhujaakaara bhoomini unchutuu, vikarna anusandhaanaaniki anukuulamgaa godanu vidichipettaru.
beijing lopali nagaram anekasaarlu muttadiki guraindi; udaaharanaku, ming raajavamsam samayamlo aandaa khaan mariyu haujin dandayaatralu mariyu baxer tirugubaatu mariyu quing raajavamsam samayamlo enimidi deshaala kootami daadi. enimidi deshaala kootami minaha migilina annintinee vijayavantamgaa samarthinchaaru.
samarthinchaaru king raajavamsam patanam taruvaata, traaphik pravahanni meruguparachadaaniki mariyu circum-city railway nirmaanaanni anumatinchadaaniki, dongmen mariyu saamraajya nagaram yokka nagara godalatho paatu, jengyangmen, chavyangmen, juvan wemen, dongzimen mariyu andingmen vadda barbicanlanu kuulchiveesaaru. vachevi traaphik pravahanni meruguparachadaaniki heppingmen vadda kotta dwaaram srushtinchabadindi. eee kaalamlo "kimmingmen" (prastuta ziangumen) mariyu "changanmen" (prastuta "fooksingmen") vanti aneka itara dwaaraalu mariyu vampu margalu teravabaddaayi.
1949 taruvaata, chaina communistu party nagara godalanu bhaarii sthaayilo kuulchiveeyaalani aadesinchindi. korea yuddha samayamlo, traaphik saandratanu tagginchadaaniki, aaru kotta vampu margalu nirminchabaddayih dayabao allie vampu maargam, beamencong vampu maargam (ippudu dongsi shitiao vampu maargam anie pilustaaru), uttara bell tower avenue vampu maargam, gingicou vampu maargam, paschima gwanyuwan vampu maargam mariyu songhian allie vampu maargam.
nagara lopali dwaaraalu.
beijing lopali nagara godalo 12 nundi 13 meterla ettulo unna deerghachaturasraakaara platformlapy kuurchunna gate towerlu unnaayi, ivi nagara godalalo vileenam cheyabaddaayi. prati dwaaram pravesha dwaaram, daani dwaaram tower vedika madhyalo kendrikrutamai, rendu pedda erra chekka dwaaraalu unnaayi, avi bayatiki teruchukuntaayi. getla velupali vaipuna inupa balbulu mariyu lopali vaipuna gilt raagi balbulu amarchabaddayi. talupulu moosivesinappudu avi pedda chettu-trunk-parimaana chekka kiranaalatoe taalam veyabaddaayi.
ming raajavamsam (1435-1449) yokka jengtang yugamlo antargata nagara dwaaram towerlu bahula-eved gshanding shaililo nirminchabaddaayi. paikappulu buudida rangu gottala paikappu palakalu mariyu aakupaccha merustunna palakalatho kappabadi unnaayi. jengyangmen yokka gate tower edu gadula podavu mariyu aidu gadula vedalpu kaligi undhi; chauyangmen mariyu futchengmen moodu gadula vedalpu kaligi unnaayi. prati gate towerku ververu floor plaan undedi. jengyangmen vadda unna gate tower ettainadi mariyu atyanta gambheeramaina lopali nagara gate tower. changwenmen mariyu juvan women jengyangmen kante konchem chinnavi. dangzimen mariyu gizimen inca chinnaviga undevi, mariyu deshengmen, undungmen, chauyangmen, futchengmenlu athi chinnavi. prati dwaaram gopuraniki rendu antastulu undevi. sameepistunna satruvulanu merugga chuudataaniki sainikulu eguva sthaayiki ekkavacchu.
prati dwara gopuraniki neerugaa mundu oka kaapalaadaaru gopuram undedi. vaarandaruu pratyaekamainavaaru. jengyangmen vadda unna watchtower 38 meterla etthu, 52 meterla vedalpu mariyu 32 meterla lothu, 12 meterla ettulo unna vedikapai nirminchabadindi. kianmen" anie paeru pettabadina eee dwaaram chakravarthy pratyeka upayogam kosam undedi. bahula-eved gshanding shaililo nirminchina, idhi eguvana aakupaccha merustunna palakalatho buudida gottala paikappu palakalanu kaligi undhi. dakshina bhaagamlo 52 baanaala cheelikalatho edu gadulu, uttara bhaagamlo 21 baanaala cheelikalatho aidu gadulu undevi. thoorpu mariyu paschima vaipula okkokkati 21 baanam cheelikalu undevi. itara antargata nagara kaapalaadaaru towerlu kianmen maadirigaane bahya designlanu kaligi unnaayi, mundu bhaagamlo bahula-evev gshanding-shaili gate towerlu mariyu venuka bhaagamlo aidu gadula shreni unnaayi. watch towerla eguva mariyu diguva sthaayilu rendintiloonuu baanam cheelikalu amarchabadi undevi.
watch towerlu lopali godalu mariyu bayati godalu rendintikee barbican anae nirmaanam dwara anusandhaninchabaddayi. dongzimen ledhaa gizimen yokka barbicanlu chadarapugaa undevi; jengyangmen mariyu deshengmen vadda unnavi deerghachaturasraakaaramgaa undevi; dongbianmen mariyu zibianmen vadda avi ardhavruttakaramga undevi. chaalaa varaku lopali nagara barbiconlu gundrani muulalanu kaligi unnaayi, ivi merugaina drushya rekhalanu andinchaayi mariyu ekkadam ledhaa naasanam cheyadam chaalaa kashtam. prati lopali nagara barbicon oka pratyaekamaina roopakalpananu kaligi undhi.
jengyangmen.
paeru puurtayina jengyangmen ('neethimanthudaina suuryuni dwaaram'), lopali nagaram yokka dakshina goda madhyalo undhi. idhi aakupaccha merustunna palakalatho triple-eev gshanding shaililo nirminchabadindi. modata lizengmen ("andamaina portal yokka dwaaram") anie piluvabade eee paeru jengtang yugamlo (1435-1449) maarchabadindi. 
prati lopali nagara barbicon loe oka aalayam undedi, mariyu jengyangmen vadda barbicon loe rendu unnaih paschimaana gwandimiao mariyu thoorpuna gwanyimmiyao. gwandimiavolo ming asalu vigrahalu unnaayi, veetilo gwandimiao yokka "moodu sampadalu" unnaih oka viluvaina katthi, oka gwandi painting mariyu oka tellani jade gurrapu vigraham. king chakravarthy swargapu aalaya sandarsana nundi tirigi vacchina pratisaaree gwandimiavonu sandarsinchi kontha dhoopam veliginchevaadu. saamskrutika viplavam samayamlo gwandimiao mariyu gwaninmiyao devalayalu koolchiveyabaddaayi.
oodinchaadu baxer tirugubaatu samayamlo jengyangmen vadda unna watchtower agniki aahutaindi. muslim general maa phulu aadhvaryamlo huyy mariyu dongjiang muslim consu dhairyavanthulu enimidi deshaala kuutamiki vyatiraekamgaa jengyangmen vadda pecking yuddham (1900) samayamlo teevramaina poraatamlo palgonnaru. maa phulu mariyu athani thoti huyy mariyu athani sonta graamaaniki chendina 100 mandhi dongjiang sainikulu aaa yuddhamlo maraninchaaru. aaa sheethaakaalamlo bhaarata sainikulu debbatinna tower nundi kalapanu katteluga upayoginchaaru. quing raajavamsam chivari samvatsaraallo eee dwaaram punarnirminchabadindi. antargata vyavahaaraala mantri juu kikhian maarchabadindi traaphik raddeeni tagginchadaaniki barbicannu kuulchiveeyaalani aadesinchaaru. mariyu appati pradhana mantri jou enlai aadesaala meraku watchtower mariyu gate tower koolchiveta nundi rakshinchabaddaayi.
changwenmen.
saadhaaranamgaa "hademen" anie piluvabade changwenmen ('gouravapradamaina nagarikata dwaaram'), lopali nagara dakshina goda yokka thoorpu vibhaagamlo undhi. modata dheenini "wenmingmen ('nagarikata dwaaram') anie pilicheevaaru, dheenini paeru nirminchaaru. jengtang yugamlo (1435-1449) eee paeru maarchabadindi. kotta paeru "juvo juyan" nundi teesukobadindihi "<unk> ̃" ('nagarikatanu gowravinchadam oka dharmam'). barbican, sluis getlu mariyu oka kaapalaadaaru gopuram jengtang yugamlo nirminchabaddaayi.
gate tower buudida mariyu aakupaccha merustunna palakalatho bahula-eved gshanding shaililo nirminchabadindi. oodinchaadu pecking muttadi samayamlo phirangi kaalpulatoe gate tower dhvamsamaindi; tower idhi puurtigaa koolchiveyabadindi. conny barbicon mariyu mariyu gate tower koolchiveyabaddaayi.
prakaasavantamaina mariyu sampannamaina bhavishyattu" anae ardhamtho, chongwenmen oka "drushya dwaaram". dheeni chihnam changwen inupa taabelu. raddiigaa unde tongui nadiki daggaragaa undatam valla, idhi beijing loe atyanta raddiigaa unde dwaaram. ming raajavamsam, quing raajavamsam mariyu prarambha ganatantra yugaala antataa chongwenmen vadda pravesha mariyu nishkramana pannulu vasoolu cheyabaddaayi. saamraagni dovger sixi yokka "soundarya vyayam" mariyu prarambha republican chaina adhyakshudi vaarshika jeetam eee dwaaram vadda vidhinchina pannula nundi neerugaa vachevi. vachevi feng yuu jiang tirugubaatunu praarambhinchaadu, aaa taruvaata chongwenmen vadda pannu vidhinchadam nilipiveyabadindi.
roeju chivarilo dwaaraalanu moosivestunnatlu prakatinche gantalu changuenmenlaku matrame undevi. itara dwaaraalu "tong" dhwanini utpatti chese chadunaina vaayidyamnu upayoginchaayi. eee vidhamgaa "tommidi dwaaraalu, enimidi tanglu, oka paatha ganta" anae saameta udbhavinchindi. eee katha beijing maandalikamlo gantanu suuchimchadaaniki "jongdian" yokka vyutpatti muulam kaavacchu. gatamlo dakshina doxing jillaalo aneka distillerylu undevi. bandlu kottagaa tayaaru chesina spiritlanu changwenmen dwara teesukuvelataayi. chongwenmen aatmalanu mosukelle bandlu pravesistaayi; juvanvumen khaideelanu mosukelle bandlu vadili velataayi" anae saameta yokka muulam idhi.
saamskrutika viplavam samayamlo changwenmen naasanam cheyabadinappudu, kaarmikulu "phobe puvennensis" kalapanu upayoginchi, eee dwaaram asalu ming nirmaanam anie kanugonnaru. swaadheenam chesukunna kalapalo kontha nishedhita nagaram mariyu tiananmenlalo punarnirmaana panula samayamlo upayoginchabadindi.
juvan women.
juvanvumen ('samardhinchina yuddha dwaaram') dakshina godaku paschima bhaagamlo undhi. idhi paeru beijing dakshina godalanu vistarinchinappudu nirminchabadindi. jengtang sakaaniki mundu (1435-1449) eee dwaranni shunchengmen ('shun cheng gate') anie pilicheevaaru, ayithe saamaanyulu dheenini shunjimen anie pilicheevaaru. jengtang yugamlo gate tower puurtigaa punarnirminchabadindi, mariyu oka barbican, sluis gate tower mariyu watch tower jodinchabaddaayi. jaang heng yokka "dongzing phuu" nundi oka ullekhanam nundi paeru "juvan vu" ("marshal advakesi") gaa marchabadindihi "yuddha samagrata wuh s" vu "zee shhi" juvan "nuu prakatinchadam". 
paerunu watchtower koolchiveyabadindi. tower watchtower platfam mariyu barbican koolchiveyabaddaayi, mariyu mariyu gate tower koolchiveyabadindi. madhyahnam juvanvumenpai bhaarii firangulu kalchabaddayi.
shuwan vumennu anadhikarikamga "deth gate" anie pilicheevaaru, endukante khaideelanu uriteeyadaaniki teesukuvelle bandlanu eee dwaaram gundaa dakshinaana kaishikoulo unna uriteeyabade pradaesaaniki teesukuvellaaru. beijing yokka aneka samadhulu dakshina shivaaru praantaalalo touranting mariyu daani chuttoo unnaayi. saamanyulanu teesukuvelle antyakriyala bandlu tarachugaa juvan women dwara nagaram nundi bayaludaerutaayi.
beijing yokka tommidi antargata nagara dwaralalo, juvanvumen athi takkuva ettulo nirminchabadindi. saadhaaranamgaa nadhee vyavastha jengyangmen yokka thoorpu sluis getla dwara nagaram nundi neeti pravahanni vasati kalpinchi, nirdesinchinappatiki, bhaarii varshapu tuphaanula samayamlo ivi asamarthamgaa niroopinchabaddaayi, chaalaa neeru juvanvumen nundi bayataku vastundi. gwangsu shantianfu zii" prakaram, prakaram beijing loe bhaarii varshapu tuphaanulu juvanvumen vadda getlanu munchettaayi, tadwara vaatini teravadam asadhyam. getlu teravadaaniki jantupradarsanasaala nundi aaru enugulanu teesukuvacchaaru, chivaraku varada nagaram nundi velupaliki vellipoyindi.
dongzimen.
dongzimen (τωχιν). 'thoorpu nitaruga unna dwaaram') lopali nagara thoorpu goda uttara vibhaagamlo undhi. idhi yuvan sakaaniki chendina changrenmen (<unk>) dwaaram, thoorpu nagara godaku kendra dwaaram, unna pradaesamloe nirminchabadindi. paeru paeru maarchabadindi, "<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> Â dangzimen yokka gate tower bahula-eved gshanding shaililo, aakupaccha merustunna anchulatho buudida rangu palakalatho nirminchabadindi. yuvan raajavamsam chivari samvatsaraalalo samvatsaraalalo mugisindi) barbicon nirminchabadindi. aalayamlo saraina gwandi vigraham ledhu; badulugaa chekkatho chesina oka chinna devata akkada undhi. idhi paatha beijing saametaku daariteesindihi "tommidi dwaaraalu, padhi devalayalu, okati naitikata laenidi". maarchabadindi circum-city railway nirminchinappudu sluis gate towerlu mariyu baarbikanlanu kuulchiveesaaru. tower watch towernu, idhi daani vedikanu kuulchiveesaaru. mariyu gate towernu kuulchiveesaaru.
dangzimen velupala puurtigaa inumutho tayaaru chesina pagoda, yawangye raathi vigraham undedi. mudi kalapanu mosukelle aneka bandlu dongzimen dwara nagaramloki pravesinchaayi.
chauyangmen.
chauyangmen (Кояянгмен). 'suuryudiki edurugaa unna dwaaram') lopali nagara thoorpu goda madhyalo undhi. kihuvamen (<unk>) anie piluvabade daadu gate unna pradaesamloe nirminchabadina dheenini anadhikarikamga saamaanyulu aaa paerutoe pilicheevaaru. oodinchaadu japaneeyula dalaalu vaachtavarnu dhvamsam chesi, chesi punarnirminchaayi. maarchabadindi circum-city railway nirminchinappudu barbicon koolchiveyabadindi. gate tower mariyu daani vedika undevi mariyu watchtower idhi koolchiveyabaddaayi.
chavyangmen beijing yokka "aahara dwaaram", dheeni dwara pradhana aahara padaarthaalanu mosukelle aneka bandlu nagaramloki pravesinchaayi. eee dwaaram beijing-hangjou grand kaaluvaku daggaragaa undedi, dakshina chaina mydaanaala nundi godhumalu mariyu vari aaa maargam dwara vachayi. chaalaa varaku aaharaanni choyangmen lopala giddangulalo nilva chesaaru. anduvalla idhi barbican gate yokka vampu maargamlo chekkabadina godhuma dhanyam yokka chihnanni kaligi undhi. chauyangmen anadhikaarika paeru "dumen", antey "vishraanti kendram".
gyzimine.
gizimen (χιγιν). 'paschima nitaruga unna dwaaram') lopali nagara paschima goda uttara vibhaagamlo undhi. haymen (<unk>) anie piluvabade yuvan shakam dwaaram unna pradaesamloe nirminchina eee paeru paeru daani sthaanaanni pratibimbimchaelaa maarchabadindi ("gizimen" antey paschima aksha dwaaram). daani gwandi aalayam tower koolchiveyabadindi. haymen yokka barbicon barbicon yuvan shundi paalanalo nirminchabadindi. idhi ming raajavamsam kaalamlo 60 samvatsaraalaku paiga nirantaram upayogamlo undhi. jengtang yugamlo (1435-1449), itara antargata nagara dwaaraalannii puurti punarnirmaanamlo unna samayamlo, idhi itukalatho kappabadi, kotta watchtower platfamto vileenam cheyabadindi.
beijing loe neeti sarafara takkuvagaa undatam valla, saamraajya kutumbam mariyu sampanna kutumbaalu vaayuvya shivaaru praantaalalo yukwan parvatam meeda unna neeti buggala nundi tama neetini pondutundevi. prati udayam, neeti buggalanu mosukelle bandlu gizimen dwara nagaramloki pravesistaayi. aaa vidhamgaa, gizimen yokka barbican gate vampu maargamlo neeti chihnam chekkabadindi.
puurtigaa chekkuchedarakunda unna chivari dwaaram gizimen koolchiveyabadindi puurtigaa koolchiveyabadindi. koolchiveta samayamlo, barbican gate yokka vampu maargamloni bhagalu 13va sataabdaaniki chendinavani kaarmikulu kanugonnaru.
futchengmen.
futchengmen (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ 'samruddhiga vijayam saadhinchina dwaaram') lopali nagara paschima goda madhyalo undhi. vaastavaaniki yuvan sakaaniki chendina pingjemen (<unk> Â) dwaaram unna pradaesam, daani paeru marchabadina tarvaata kooda saamaanyulu dheenini anadhikarikamga pingjemen anie pilicheevaaru. kotta paeru, "futcheng", classic "shangshu", "juun", "juun", "too", "juun" nundi vachindi. eee dwaaram dwaaram marammatu cheyabadindi mariyu mariyu puurtigaa punarnirminchabadindi. punarnirminchabadindi sluis gate tower mariyu watchtower koolchiveyabaddaayi. undevi barbican mariyu watchtower platfam mariyu mariyu gate tower koolchiveyabaddaayi.
paschima kondalu mariyu mentougou jillaalooni boggu nilvalaku sameepamlo undatam valla, boggunu mosukelle bandlu futchengmen dwara nagaramloki pravesistaayi. barbican gate vampu maargamlo plum puvvu chekkabadindi (plum puvvu "memi" mariyu boggu "memi" anevi chainees bhaashalo homophonelu. alaage, futchengmen sameepamlo plum chetlu vasantakaalamlo vikasistaayi, boggu avasaram lenappudu mariyu pampinhee aagipoyina samayamlo). idhi paatha beijing saametaku daariteestundihi "futcheng yokka plum puvvulu kotta vasantakaalam yokka vecchadanaanni prakatistaayi". futchengmen nuu anadhikarikamga "zingmen" anie kooda pilustaaru, dheeni ardham "nyayam".
dessengmen.
deshengmen (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ 'naitika vijayam yokka dwaaram') lopali nagara uttara goda yokka paschima vibhaagamlo undhi. prarambha ming raajavamsam samayamlo dheeni paeru asalu "giandamen (<unk>)" nundi maarchabadindi. kotta paeru balamaina neethi mariyu naitikatanu kaligi undatam dwara yuvan mangolsku vyatiraekamgaa yuddhamlo ming vijayam saadhinchindani suuchistumdi. uttara goda goda asalu sthaanaaniki koddigaa dakshinaana punarnirminchabadindi. maarchabadindi barbicon koolchiveyabadindi. koolchiveyabadindi gate tower koolchiveyabadindi mariyu marcharu gate tower platfam koolchiveyabadindi. koolchiveyabadindi kaavalikotanu kuulchiveeyaalani oka pratipaadana cheyabadindi, conny adhi chekkuchedarakunda unchabadindi.
beijing lopali nagara dwaralalo edu vaati barbican maidaanamlo nirminchina gwandi alayanni kaligi unnaayi. badulugaa andingmen mariyu deshengmenlaku jenvu devalayalu undevi, endukante eee dwaaraalanu sainikulu nagaramloki pravesinchi, bayataku vellevaaru upayoginchevaaru.
ming mariyu quing rendoo, varusaga yuvan mariyu mingnu oodinchina taruvaata, deshengmen dwara modatisaari nagaramloki pravesinchaayi; "desheng" anae paeruku "naitikamgaa vijaeta" anie ardham. aayudhalanu mosukelle bandlu nagaramloki pravesinchetappudu ledhaa bayaluderetappudu adrushtam kosam eee dwaranni upayoginchevi. deshengmen anadhikarikamga "<unk> shimen" anie kooda piluvabadedi, dheeni ardham "adhika naitika mariyu naitika pramaanaalanu kaligi undatam".
andingen.
andingmen (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ 'surakshita shanti dwaaram') lopali nagara uttara godaku paschima vaipuna undhi. prarambha ming raajavamsam samayamlo angenmen (<unk>) anie piluvabade dwaaram dakshinaana taralinchabadinappudu dheenini nirminchaaru. swargam kinda shanti mariyu prasaantata" kosam aasistuu dheeniki andingmen anie paeru maarchabadindi. maarchabadindi barbican mariyu koolchiveyabadindi gate tower mariyu vaachtavarnu kuulchiveesaaru.
nagaramloki pravesinche mariyu bayaludere sainikulu dheenini upayoginchevaaru kabatti, andingmenlaku jenvu devalayalu undevi.
andingmen anadhikarikamga "life shengmen" anie piluvabadedi, dheeni ardham "samruddhiga panta". bhoomi aalayaaniki nagaram nundi bayaludaerinappudu chakravarthy ellappuduu eee dwaranni upayoginchevaadu, akkada athanu samruddhiga panta kosam praarthinchaevaadu. velupala eruvula kosam upayoginche malam nilva chese praantaalu aandinjenlugaa undevi. malam mosukelle bandlu eee dwaaram gundaa graameena praantaallooni polaalaku bayaludaerutaayi.
tolagimpu prakriyaloo, daani gate tower yokka nirmaana samagratanu pareekshinchadaaniki oka chinna prayogam nirvahinchabadindi. gate tower nirmaanam 15 degreela munduku vangi undavacchani, inca koolipoledani kanugonabadindi.
kottagaa terichina vampu margalu.
shuiguwanmen jengyangmen thoorpu sluis gate sameepamlo undhi. undhi dongziao rayabara karyalayam jilla karyalayalu asalu kandakaanni kaankreetutoo kappai. vaaru kotta getunu srushtinchadaaniki asalu sluis getku badulugaa kotta vampu marganni terichaaru, dheenini jengyangmen railway stationku vaegamgaa tirogamana maargamgaa upayoginchavacchu. rendu inupa dwaaraalu jodinchabaddaayi. vampu maargam yokka prati vaipu oka gaardu stationga panicheyadaaniki khaliga unna gadhi undedi.
heppingmenlu jengyangmen mariyu juvan women madhya lopali nagara dakshina goda vadda undevaaru. traaphik raddeeni tagginchadaaniki tagginchadaaniki dheenini praarambhinchaaru. dwaaraaniki rakshanaatmaka nirmaanaalu laevu, conny nagaram lopaliki mariyu velupaliki vellae maargam matrame. modata "jinhuamen" anie paeru pettabadina eee paerunu paerunu kendra prabhutva karyalayala samudaayamaina jongnanhai pravesha dwaaramaina prasiddha jinhuamen nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki "heppingmen" gaa marcharu. vampu margalu 13 meterla etthu mariyu 10 meterla vedalpu, rendu inupa dwaaraalatoo undevi. vampu maargam paibhaganni idhi tolaginchaaru mariyu godaku dwaaram oka saadhaarana dwaaramgaa maarindi.
jiangwamen nagaram lopali thoorpu godaku dakshina anchuna undhi. idhi beijing puraatana observatory yokka eshaanya praantamloo undhi. undhi eee dwaranni koolchivesi, daani sthaanamlo 7.9 meterla vedalpu gala oka dwaranni erpaatu chesaaru. idhi viloma "aug" paatra aakaaramlo undhi. idhi kevalam godalo oka dwaaram ayinappatikee, vaastava dwaaram kaadu, dheeniki oka dwaaram paeru pettaru-"kimmingmen". pettaru-"changanmen" eee paerunu "ziangumen" gaa marcharu. mariyu chuttupakkala nagara lopali godalatho paatu dheenini kuulchiveesaaru.
thoorpu godapai ziangumen maadirigaane adhe akshaamsamloo, lopali nagaram yokka paschima godaku dakshina anchuna fuxingmen undhi. undhi eee dwaranni koolchivesi, daani sthaanamlo 7.4 meterla vedalpu gala oka dwaranni erpaatu chesaaru. idhi ziangumen maadirigaane viloma "aug" paatra aakaaramlo undhi. dheeniki kooda oka dwaaram paeru pettaru-"changanmen". pettaru-"changanmen" oka 12.6-metre-high platfam nirminchi, 10 meterla vedalpu gala oka vampu maargam jodinchinappudu eee paerunu "fuxingmen" gaa marcharu. marcharu puurti nirmaanam koolchiveyabadindi.
antargata nagara muulaloe unna gaardu towerlu.
nagara lopali godala naalugu moolallo gaardu towerlu undevi. avanni adevidhamgaa bahula-eved gshanding shaililo roopondinchabaddaayi, aakupaccha merustunna anchulatho buudida rangu palakalatho. towerlu 17 meterla etthu, platfaramtho sahaa mottam 29 meterla etthu kaligi unnaayi. nagaraniki dhooramgaa unna rendu prakkane unna vaipula 35 meterla vedalpu undedi. eee gopuraalu naalugu antastula ettulo unnaayi mariyu prati antastulo 14 baanaala cheelikalu amarchabaddayi. nagaraniki edurugaa unna rendu prakkane unna vaipula prati antastulo naalugu baanaala cheelikalu undevi. nagaraniki edurugaa unna vaipula gaali mariyu kaanti kosam teravagalige nijamaina kitikeelu kooda undevi, baanaalu ledhaa phirangi bantulanu kalchetappudu matrame baanam cheelikalu teravabadataayi. gopuraala lopali bhaagam bolugaa undhi; baanam cheelikalu chaeradaaniki veelugaa vedikalu mariyu metlu godalaku gundramgaa unnaayi.
aagneya muulaloe unna gaardu tower matrame migili undhi. metro nirminchabadutunnappudu sameepamloni pradhana railu station vadda railu sevaku antaraayam kaliginchakundaa undataaniki, metro nagara godalu mariyu aagneya muulalooni gaardu tower nundi dhooramgaa vellipoyindi. eee vidhamgaa tower lopali nagara godaloni oka vibhaagamto paatu manugada saaginchindi. eshaanya tower tower koolchiveyabadindi mariyu undevi daani vedika. oodinchaadu baxer tirugubaatu samayamlo russian phirangi kaalpula dwara vaayuvya tower dhvamsamaindi. koolchiveyabadindi daani vedikanu kuulchiveesaaru. nirvahanaku nidhulu lekapovadam valla nairuti muulalooni gaardu tower tower koolchiveyabadindi. koolchiveyabadindi daani vedikanu kuulchiveesaaru.
bayati nagaram.
bayati nagaranni "gucheng" ledhaa "vaiguvo" anie kooda pilicheevaaru. vachindi vistarinchabadindi. godalu 7.5 nundi 8 meterla etthu, diguvana 12 meterla vedalpu mariyu paina 9 meterla vedalpu kaligi unnaayi. eee praantamloo takkuva chittadi neelalanu nivaarinchadaaniki aagneya muulanu vikarnampai nirminchaaru. idhi aakaasaanni noova sarichese puraanaanni neraverchindihi vaayuvya disalo aakaasam kanipinchakundaa poyindi mariyu bhoomi aagneya disalo munigipotondi.
dakshina godalu swarga aalaya dakshina godalanu chuttumutty unnaayi, thoorpu mariyu paschima godalu sumaru 2 kilometres dhooramlo unna lopali nagara godalaku samaantaramgaa unnaayi. prarambha ming raajavamsam samayamlo hangvu shakam (1368-1398) mugimpu samvatsaraallo vidichipettabadataaniki mundu yuvan nagaramaina daadu yokka debbatinna matti godalu ikkade unnaayi. eshaanya mariyu vaayuvya vibhagalalo godalu yuvan debbatinna bhoomi nirmaanam nundi swaadheenam chesukunna padaarthaalanu upayoginchi nirminchabaddaayi. bayati nagara godala chuttukolata sumaru 28 kilometres. lopali mariyu bayati nagaraala mottam aavarana 60 kilometres chuttukolatato "′" aakaaramlo erpadindi. thoorpu, dakshina, paschima godalapai moodu, uttara godalapai rendu (eshaanya vibhaagamlo okati, vaayuvya vibhaagamlo okati), padakondu dwaaraalu nirminchabaddaayi.
moodu bayati nagara vistarana pranaalika cheyabadutunnappudu, tommidi lopali nagara dwaaraala chuttoo tommidi chinna chinna nagaralanu nirminchaalani oka aalochana pilupunicchindi, idhi nagara rakshanaku baleeyamaina adanamgaa undedi. eee chinna nagarallo moodu moodu nirmaanaalu prarambhamayyayi. ayithe, aneka saamaanyula illu, dukaanaalu udbhavinchina nagara lopali dwaaraalaku sameepamlo unnanduna, aneka bhavanalanu koolchiveyavalasi vachindi. asantrupta saamaanyulu nirmaanam praarambhamaina koddikaalaanike prajectunu vadulukovalasi vachindi. vachindi, yuvan nagaramaina daadu yokka migilina debbatinna matti godalanu koolchivesi, bayati nagara godalanu puurti cheyadaaniki upayoginche mudi padaarthaalanu "rev" gaa roopondinchaalani nirnayinchaaruh oka chadarapu lopala oka chaturasram. bayati nagara godala paridhi 70 kilometres undaalani pranaalika pilupunicchindi. thoorpu, paschima godalu 17 kilometres, uttara, dakshina godalu 18 kilometres undevi. eee pranaalikaloo maroe 11 dwaaraalu, 176 shatru drushti gopuraalu, gizimen mariyu tongui nadhi velupala rendu adanapu sluiz dwaaraalu mariyu itara takkuva chittadi praantaalalo maroe enimidi sluiz dwaaraalu unnaayi. bayati nagara vistarana oka goppa project, idhi munupati chainees raajavamsaala raajadhaanula kante ekkuva. chakravarthy aamodinchi, towerlu nirmaanam praarambhinchaadu. yaan sang paryaveekshanhaloo, eee project vibhagaluga vibhajinchabadindi. jengyangmen vadda lopali nagara dwaaraaniki dakshinaana sandadigaa unna vaanijya jillaaku adanapu rakshananu jodinchadaaniki dakshina godalu modata nirminchabaddaayi. eee project yokka rendava vibhagam kosam thoorpu mariyu paschima godalu pranaalika cheyabaddaayi. ayithe, mangolu mariyu manchula nundi varusa dandayaatrala kaaranamgaa, sainikulanu goppa godanu rakshinchadaaniki uttara sarihaddulaku pilicharu, anduvalla nirmaanaaniki koddimandini matrame vadiliveyagaligaaru. vadiliveyagaligaaru nishedhinchabadina nagaramloni oka pedda bhaagam mantalu chelaregaayi, mariyu rajabhavanala marammatu mariyu punarnirmaanam kosam kaarmikulu mariyu nidhulu ketayinchabaddayi. anduvalla bayati nagara godala vistarana ennadoo puurti kaaledu. kaaledu, bayati nagara dwaaraala barbicanlu nirminchabaddaayi.
bayati nagara godalu.
bayati nagara godalalo naalugu muulaloe unna gaardu towerlu mariyu edu gate towerlu undevi. goda velupali bhaagam sagatuna oka meater vedalpu gala blaakulatoe kappabadi undhi. chaalaa pedda blaakulu ming raajavamsam kaalamlo mariyu chinnavi quing raajavamsam samayamlo sthaapinchabaddaayi. antargata uparitalampai blocks sagatuna 0.7 meterlu. bayati nagara godala sagatu etthu 6 nundi 7 meterlu. goda paibhagamlo 10 nundi 11 meterla vedalpu mariyu adugubhaagamlo 11 nundi 15 meterla vedalpu undedi. paschima vibhagalu atyanta irukainavi, paibhagamlo sagatuna 4.5 meterlu mariyu bays vadda 7.8 meterlu matrame.
bayati nagara godalu, gate towerlu mariyu corner gaardu towerlu 1951 mariyu 1958 madhya koolchiveyabaddaayi.
bayati nagara dwaaraalu.
beijing bayati nagara godaku edu dwaaraalu unnaayi, dakshina godalapai moodu, thoorpu mariyu paschima godalapai okkokkati, mariyu uttara godalapai rendu vaipu dwaaraalu (eshaanya mariyu vaayuvya vibhagalalo) unnaayi. bayati nagara dwara gopuraalu annee lopali nagarapu gopuraala kante chinnaviga undevi. atipeddadi central soutn gate angdingmen. eee dwaaram lopali nagaraniki chendina jengyangmen, saamraajya nagaraniki chendina tianonmen mariyu nishedhinchabadina nagaraniki chendina women vanti uttara-dakshina akshamlo samalekhanam cheyabadindi. angdingmen vadda unna gate tower sumaru 20 meterla etthu, bahula-evev gshanding shaililo, mariyu moodu gadulatho edu gadulu kaligi undhi. angdingmen parimaanam kante konchem diguvana konchem chinna gwangingmenlu (prastuta gwangmen) undevaaru. gwangkumen, juvo 'anmen, yuu' anmen vadda unna gate towerlu annee oke antastuto oke-eved gshanding shaili, mariyu kevalam 15 meterla etthu matrame. rendu vaipula dwaaraalu, dongbianmen mariyu zibianmen, inca chinnaviga undevi.
ming raajavamsam varaku bayati nagara dwaaraala barbiconlu nirminchabadaledu. eee kaapalaadaaru gopuraalu quing raajavamsam (1735-1796) yokka kianlong yugamlo nirminchabaddaayi. bayati nagara goda yokka kaapalaadaaru gopuraalu lopali nagarapu gopuraala kante chinnaviga undevi. angdingmen vadda unna kaapalaadaaru gopuram bayati nagara godapai atipeddadi; dheeniki rendu varusala baanam cheelikalu undevi, mundu bhaagamlo prati varusalo edu cheelikalu mariyu prati vaipu moodu varusala rendu varusalu undevi. lopali nagaraniki bhinnamgaa, watch towerla lopali bhaagamlo side tower ledhu; oka vampu maargam matrame undhi. gwangmen, gwangkumen, juvo 'ammen mariyu yuu' ammen vadda unna kaapalaadaaru gopuraalu okkokkati 22 baanam cheelikalu kaligi unnaayi. dongbianlu mariyu gbnlu kevalam enimidi baanam cheelikalu matrame kaligi unna atichinna kaapalaadaaru gopuraalanu kaligi unnaaru. lopali nagara godaku bhinnamgaa, bayati godapai unna barbiconlu annee gate towerla punaadiki badulugaa watch towerla punaadi chuttoo nirminchabaddaayi, tadwara gate vampu maargamtho sarala rekhanu yerparustaayi. gwandy devalayalu bayati nagara dwaaraala barbicanlalo nirminchabadaledu.
angdingmen.
angdingmen (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ 'shaashwata sthirathvam yokka dwaaram') dakshina goda madhyalo undhi. idhi nirnayinchukunnadu nirminchabadindi, idhi antargata nagara dwaaraala yokka bahula-eved gshanding sailini anukaristundi, merustunna aakupaccha anchulatho buudida rangu palakalatho kappabadi undhi. watch tower buudida rangu paikappu palakalatho oke-ev gshanding shaililo undedi. baxer tirugubaatu samayamlo, juun 11naa, japan sainyam karyadarshi, beijing godala nagaram yokka dakshina bhaganni kaapaadutunna angdingmen sameepamlo general dang fuxiang yokka muslim sainikulache daadi cheyabadi champabaddadu. conny barbicon koolchiveyabadindi, mariyu mariyu gate tower mariyu watchtower koolchiveyabaddaayi. koolchiveyabaddaayi, gate tower daani asalu sthaanaaniki koddigaa uttaraana punarnirminchabadindi.
juu 'anmen.
juu 'anmen (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ 'shanti yokka edama dwaaram') dakshina goda yokka thoorpu vibhaagamlo undhi. gate tower mariyu watch tower buudida rangu paikappu palakalatho oke-ev gshanding shaililo nirminchabaddaayi. gate tower mariyu watchtower towerlu koolchiveyabaddaayi, mariyu gate tower platfam, watchtower platfam mariyu barbican undevi koolchiveyabaddaayi.
juvo 'anmen nuu saadhaaranamgaa "ziangkamen" anie pilustaaru. "chinu (jiang kaa)" mariyu "chanu (jiang kuu)" "vibhinnamgaa untaayi conny oke ardhaanni kaligi untaayi. saampradaaya chainees nirmaanamloo, "jiang (jiang kuo)" anie kooda piluvabade "jiang (jiang sii)" nii nicchena lanty metla vedikalu laeni raathi metlu.
meeru.
meeru 'anman. 'shanti yokka kudi dwaaram') dakshina goda yokka paschima vibhaagamlo undhi. dheenini saadhaaranamgaa "fengimen" ledhaa "ginanmen" ("nairuti dwaaram") anie pilicheevaaru, endukante zin raajavamsam nagaramaina jongduku chendina fengimen sameepamlo undhi. daani specificationlanni juu 'anmen maadirigaane unnaayi. unnaayi barbican mariyu watchtower, idhi gate towerlanu kuulchiveesaaru.
gwangkumen.
gwangkumen (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ 'vistarinchina jalamaargam yokka dwaaram') thoorpu goda madhya bhaagaaniki koddigaa uttaraana undhi. dheeni saadhaarana paeru "shavomen (<unk>)". idhi juu 'anmen maadirigaane specificationlanu kaligi undhi. towerlu watch tower koolchiveyabadindi, undevi barbican mariyu gate tower koolchiveyabaddaayi.
ming general yuvan chonghuwan chonghuwan ming raajavamsam chivari samvatsaraallo eee dwaaram vadda manchuu haujin raajavamsam dalaalanu oodinchaadu. oodinchaadu, enimidi deshaala kootami dalaalu beijing cherukunnappudu, vaaru modatlo eee dwaarampai daadi cheyaledu, kabatti itara bayati nagara dwaaraalanu rakshinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki akkada moharinchina dalaalanu marcharu. british dalaalu getunu swaadheenam chesukune avakaasaanni upayoginchukunnaayi. appudu vaaru swargapu aalayam nundi chongwenmenla lopali nagara dwaarampai bambu daadi chesi lopali nagaramloki pravesinchaaru.
gwangmen.
gwangmen (Πιν σιτεν πον). 'vistarinchina shanti dwaaram') paschima goda madhya bhaagaaniki koddigaa uttaraana undhi. dheenini ming raajavamsam samayamlo "gwangingmen (δε τε)" anie pilicheevaaru, mariyu dheenini "jhangimen" anie kooda pilicheevaaru, endukante idhi zin raajavamsaaniki chendina jhaangdu nagaraniki chendina jhangimen adhe akshamlo undhi. minning (<unk>) anie paeru pettabadina quing chakravarthy juvan paie vimarsalanu nivaarinchadaaniki, quing raajavamsam samayamlo eee paerunu "gwangingmen" nundi "gwangmen" gaa marcharu. daani asalu lakshanaalu gwangkumen maadirigaane undevi. dakshina chaina praavinsula nundi nagaramloki kottagaa pravesinchina vaaru dheenini ekkuvagaa upayoginchinanduna, kian long chakravarthy dwaranni marinta akattukunela mariyu gambheeramgaa cheyaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. nirnayinchukunnadu gwangmen angdingmen mariyu lopali nagara dwaaraalanu anukarinche shaililo vistarinchabadindi. gate tower anedi merustunna aakupaccha anchulatho buudida rangu paikappu palakalatho kuudina rendu antastula bahula-eved gshanding shaili bhavanam. barbican modata pakshika vruttaakaaramlo undedi. 1766 vistarana taruvaata, idhi vakra muulalatoe deerghachaturasraakaaramgaa undhi. undhi barbican mariyu watchtower mariyu mariyu gate towerlanu kuulchiveesaaru.
dongbianlu.
dongbianmen (тонгия мен). 'thoorpu anukuulamaina dwaaram') bayati nagara godala eshaanya muulaloe bayati goda chinnaga aagipoyi lopali nagara goda vaipu tirigina pradaesamloe undhi. bayati nagara godala vaayuvya muulaloe oka saripolina dwaaram nirminchabadindi. modata tatkalikamga undataaniki uddesinchina dwaaraalaku modata paerlu ivvabadaledu. puurtayina daadaapu padhi samvatsaraala taruvaata, dwaaraalaku dongbianmen ("thoorpu vaipu dwaaram") mariyu zibianmen ("paschima vaipu dwaaram") anie paeru pettaru. dongbianmen vadda unna gate tower juvo 'anmen vadda unna towernu pooli untundi, conny konchem chinna sthaayilo untundi. dwaaraaniki vampu maargam ledhu; badulugaa daaniki oka vaipu chinna chekka vaipu dwaaram undhi. kaavalikotanu kian long yugamlo (1735-1796) nirminchaaru. nirvahanaku nidhulu lekapovadam valla towerlu barbican mariyu watchtower rendoo koolchiveyabaddaayi. idhi beijing pradhana railu station nirminchinappudu gate tower koolchiveyabadindi.
jibian.
zibianmen (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ 'paschima anukuulamaina dwaaram') bayati nagara godala vaayuvya muulaloe undhi. idhi uriteesaaru koolchiveyabadindi. barbican godalalo konni bhagalu migili unnaayi.
corner gaardu towerlu.
towerlu bayati nagara godala naalugu sikharaala vadda naalugu muulala gaardu towerlu nirminchabaddaayi. avanni oke-ev gshanding cross (chadarapu aakaaramlo) shaililo oke antastula bhavanalu. sumaru 7.5 meterla ettulo, 6 meterla x 6 meterla kolata kaligina oka gadhi undedi. rendu sthaayila baanam cheelikalu undevi, rendu vaipula moodu, rendu vaipula rendu, nagaram vaipu rendu. nairuti mariyu eshaanya muulalooni gaardu towerlu towerlu koolchiveyabaddaayi, mariyu aagneya mariyu vaayuvya muulalooni gaardu towerlu varusaga 1955 mariyu mariyu koolchiveyabaddaayi.
saamraajya nagaram.
beijing saamraajya nagaram angle yugamlo (1402-1424) nirminchabadindi. idhi kevalam saamraajya kutumbam upayogam kosam nishedhinchabadina nagaram yokka vistaranagaa yuvan raajavamsaaniki chendina saamraajya nagaram daadu punaadula nundi uttara, thoorpu mariyu dakshina disagaa vistarinchabadindi. idhi kingshou aalayaaniki chendina nairuti muulaloe tappa, deerghachaturasraakaara aakaaramlo undhi. godalu sagatuna 7 nundi 8 meterla etthu, bays vadda 2 meterla mandam mariyu paibhagamlo 1.7 meterlu undevi. idhi eguva bhaagamlo merustunna saamraajya pasupu palakalatho, bayati bhaagamlo erupu rangulo paint cheyabadindi. dheeni chuttukolata 10.6 kilometres (uttaramh 2,506 meterlu, dakshinamh 1,701 meterlu, toorpuh 2,756 meterlu, paschimamh 3,724 meterlu). edu dwaaraalu undevi (konni muulaalu naalugu, aaru ledhaa enimidi dwaaraalanu lekkistaayi), veetilo tianonmen, dii 'anmen, dong' anmen mariyu sii 'anmen anae naalugu dwaaraalanu "lopali nagaram tommidi dwaaraalu, bayati nagaram edu dwaaraalu, saamraajya nagaram naalugu dwaaraalu" anie antaaru.
saamraajya nagaram yokka pradhana madhya dakshina dwaaram damingmenlu. idhi nishedhinchabadina nagara dwaaraalanu anukaristuu itukalatho tayaaru cheyabadindi. dheeni punaadi jumi punaadi shaililo tella paalaraayitho cheyabadindi. gate tower merustunna imperial pasupu paikappu palakalatho single-eev gshanding shaililo undhi. dheeniki mundu bhaagamlo aidu stambhaalu, madhyalo moodu vampu margalu mariyu tellani palarayi railinglu unnaayi. unnaayi manchuu modatisaari beijing loki pravesinchi, king raajavamsaanni sthaapinchinappudu daani paerunu dockingmen (δεκιν "grate king gate") gaa marcharu. dwaaram meeda unna tellani palarayi palakapai neelirangu nepathyamlo bangaaramtho chekkabadina "dockingmen" anae paeru undhi. untaayi, quing raajavamsam padagotti, chaina ganatantram sthaapinchabadinappudu, dwaaram paerunu jonghuwamen (чин чен "chaina dwaaram") gaa marcharu. nagara pranaalikadaarulu tabletnu tirigi upayoginchaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru mariyu tablet venuka bhaagamlo "jonghuwamen" anae padaalanu vraayaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru. ayithe, daanini teesivesi tippinappudu, tablet venuka bhaagamlo appatike kanipinchina dammingmen (δεχιρ "grate ming gate") anae padaalu kanugonnaru; idhi appatike tirigi upayoginchabadindi. badulugaa chekkatho chesina kotta tabletnu roopondinchaaru. roopondinchaaru, beijing loe panichestunna soviet nagara pranaalikakartala sifaarasutoe, bhavishyat tianonmen square kosam dwaaram koolchiveyabadindi. daani sthaanam ippudu maavo zedong samadhi unna pradaesam.
tiananmenku nairuti disalo unna changanjumen dammingmen maadirigaane untundi. dheenini "kinglongmen" ledhaa "longmen" anie kooda pilicheevaaru, antey "dragon gate" anie ardham, endukante ming mariyu king raajavamsaala samayamlo, saamraajya pareekshala phalitaalu eee getpai post cheyabaddaayi. pareekshallo vijayavantamgaa uttiirnata saadhinchadam valla oka vyakti saadhaaranamgaa saamaanyulaku nishedhinchabadina saamraajya adhikara padavullo panicheyadaaniki nishedhinchabadina nagaramloki pravesinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. uriteesaaru changan avenue vistarinchinappudu dheenini kuulchiveesaaru.
tiananmenku aagneyamgaa unna changnumen, damingmenlanu pooli untundi. dheenini "baihumen" ledhaa "humen" anie kooda pilicheevaaru, antey "puli dwaaram" anie ardham, endukante ming mariyu king raajavamsaala samayamlo, khaideelanu eee dwaaraaniki paschimaana uriteesaaru. uriteesaaru changan avenue vistarinchinappudu dheenini kuulchiveesaaru.
modata chengtianzimen anie piluvabade tianonmen ("swargapu shanti dwaaram") kii king raajavamsam samayamlo paeru maarchabadindi. idhi saamraajya nagaram yokka dakshina goda madhyalo undhi. damming huidian" (ming raajavamsam yokka sekarinchina saasanaalu) dheenini saamraajya nagaraniki pradhana dwaaramgaa suuchistaayi. nishedhita nagaraniki pradhana dwaaram vadda uttara-dakshina aksham meeda varusalo unna aneka dwaralalo tianonmen okati. dheeni vedika 13 meterla etthu untundi. idhi jumi shaililo tellani palarayi punaadi mariyu aidu vampu maargaalanu kaligi undhi. gate tower merustunna imperial pasupu paikappu palakalatho bahula-eved gshanding shaililo nirminchabadindi. idhi aidu gadulatho tommidi gadulu (prarambha ming raajavamsam samayamlo moodu gadulatho aidu gadulu) mariyu 33.7 meterla etthu kaligi undhi. idhi idhi puurtigaa punarnirminchabadindi, taruvaata aneka sandarbhaallo marammatu cheyabadindi.
duvanmen tiananmenku neerugaa uttaraana undhi. idhi tianonmen maadirigaane undedi. dheenini nishiddha nagaraniki pradhana pravesha dwaaramaina women yokka bayati dwaaramgaa chudavachu. idhi jou yokka aidu dwaaraala niyamam yokka "jimen" ledhaa "kumen" yokka "aachaaraalaku" anugunamgaa untundi.
dong 'unman saamraajya nagaram yokka thoorpu goda madhya binduvuku koddigaa dakshinaana undhi. merustunna saamraajya pasupu paikappu palakalatho kuudina yeka-kannu gala gshanding shaili, idhi moodu gadulatho edu gadulu, mariyu moodu vampu maargaalanu kaligi undhi, okkokkati erupu-paint chesina bangaaru-goru talupulato amarchabadi untaayi. untaayi jhang shunku vyatiraekamgaa cavo kunn tirugubaatu chesinappudu idhi agnipramaadamlo naasanam cheyabadindi. cheyabadindi eee pradaesam beijing imperial city sait park gaa maarindi.
gianmen saamraajya nagaram yokka paschima goda madhya binduvuku koddigaa uttaraana undhi. idhi dong 'anmen maadirigaane undedi. idhi 1950 december 1naa anukokunda kaalchiveyabadindi. smaaraka chihnamgaa, asalu gate tower yokka adhe padaarthaalanu upayoginchi, daani asalu pradaesamloe gate tower yokka chinna version nirminchabadindi.
saamraajya nagaram yokka uttara goda yokka kendra akshamlo bienmen undhi. saamraajya nagaram yokka uttara dwaaram, dheenini ming raajavamsam samayamlo saadhaaranamgaa "houseimen" anie pilicheevaaru. king raajavamsam kaalamlo dheeniki "dii 'anmen" anie paeru maarchabadindi. idhi dong 'anmen maadirigaane untundi, conny parimaanamlo konchem peddadigaa untundi. idhi 1954 mariyu 1956 madhya koolchiveyabadindi.
nishedhinchabadina nagaram.
beijing yokka rajabhavana nagaram ledhaa "nishiddha nagaram" (janabhalo ekkuva mandhi pravesinchadaanni nishedhinchinanduna anie pilavabadedi) pilavabadedi) puurtayimdi. daani chuttoo unna godala chuttukolata 3.4 kilometres, etthu 10 meterlu, adugubhaagamlo 8.62 meterla mandam mariyu 6.66 meterla paie mandam kaligi undhi. godaku 0.84 meterla ettulo unna tribhujaakaara punaadipai saamraajya pasupu rangulo merustunna paikappu palakala rendu varusalu unnaayi. godala lopali mariyu velupali vaipula raalla chuttoo 2 meterla mandapati itukalatho balopetam cheyabaddaayi mariyu neelanu dheekonnaayi. nishedhinchabadina nagaramlo naalugu muulala gaardu towerlu bahula-eved gshanding shaililo nirminchabaddaayi. naalugu dwaaraalu undevi.
women (<unk>). 'meridian gate') dakshina mukhamgaa unna pradhana dwaaram. idhi nagaram yokka kendra akshamtho mariyu moodu itara dwaaraalatoo amarikalo undih bayati nagaraniki chendina angdingmen, lopali nagaraniki chendina jengyangmen mariyu saamraajya nagaraniki chendina tianonmen. idhi 13.5 meterla ettulo unna "putaakaara" aakarapu vedikapai nirminchabadindi. gate tower bahula-evev varanda antastula designlo aidu gadulatho tommidi gadulu kaligi undhi. dheeniki rendu vaipula rendu pevillion towerlu undevi, chadarapu aakaaramlo undevi, prati aidu gadulu aidu gadulatho undevi. kendram nundi vistarinchi unna rendu rekkalanu saadhaaranamgaa "hock rekkala towerlu" anie pilustaaru. eee rekkalalo prati okkati 13 gadulatho rendu gadulatho, rekkala chivara chadarapu pevillion tower undhi. prati rekkaku vedika yokka pradhana "boddy" thoo koodali sameepamlo oka chinna dwaaram untundi. vedika yokka edama mariyu kudi vaipuna sundials mariyu aneka itara samaya kolata parikaraalu unnaayi. bayati nagaram, lopali nagaram mariyu saamraajya nagara dwaralalo kanipinche vampu maargaalaku bhinnamgaa, dwaaraalu deerghachaturasraakaara aakaaramlo untaayi. dwaaram madhyalo moodu vampu margalu unnaayi.
shenwomen (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ daani gate tower bahula-evev varanda antastula designlo aidu gadulatho moodu gadulatho undedi. dheeniki moodu deerghachaturasraakaara dwaaraalu unnaayi. ming mariyu quing raajavamsaala samayamlo, eee dwaaram velupala beeshangmen anae dwaaram undedi, conny conny daanini kuulchiveesaaru.
donghuwamen (<unk>) anedi nishedhita nagaraniki thoorpu pravesha dwaaram, idhi juvanvumen mariyu shihuvamen maadirigaane roopondinchabadindi. shuwan women mariyu donghuwamen maadirigaane design thoo, shivamen nishedhinchabadina nagaraniki paschima pravesha dwaaram.
nishedhinchabadina nagaraniki aaru dwaaraalu unnayani "quing huidian" namodu chesindi. idhi women yokka rendu "chetulu" yokka rendu chinna side getlanu parigananaloki teesukuntundi.
kandakaalu, kaaluvalu mariyu itara pareevaahaka vyavasthalu.
yuvan raajavamsaaniki chendina daadu nagaramlo nagaram lopala mariyu chuttupakkala vistrutamaina kandaka vyavastha undedi. undedi ming dalaalu daaduloki pravesinchina taruvaata, uttara goda asalu godaku koddigaa dakshinaana punarnirminchabadindi. daadu kandakaanni tavvadam dwara erpadina matti kondapai kotta goda nirminchabadindi. rajabhavanam yokka moodu pradhana dakshina dwaaraalu, saamraajya mariyu lopali nagara nivaasaala kosam kotta kandaka vyavastha nirminchabadindi. aaa moodu kandakaalu appudu daadu thoorpu mariyu paschima kandakaalato anusandhaninchabaddayi. giazing yugamlo (1521-1567) bayati nagaram punarnirminchabadinappudu, bayati goda chuttoo maroka kandakam nirminchabadindi.
nagaraniki vaayuvya disalo unna mount yukwan mariyu baifukwan nundi mallinchina neeti buggalu kandakaalaku neetini andinchaayi. neeru changenu anusarinchi, taruvaata gizimen vadda rendu upanadulagaa vidipoyindi. oka maargam thoorpuku velli, lopali nagaram yokka kandaka vyavasthanu yerparustundi, aapai deshengmen vadda maroe rendu upanadulagaa vibhajinchabadindi, okati dakshinaana, marokati thoorpuna pravahistundi. maroka maargam dakshinaana jishutan vadda pravesinchi, saamraajya udyaanavanaala yokka moodu sarassulanu yerparustundi, chivaraku tongjihe vadda kandaka vyavasthalo tirigi cherindi. akkadi nundi neeru nagara goda vakrata venta pravahinchi, jengyangmen vadda nagara dakshina kandaka vyavasthalo cherindi. thoorpu maargam eshaanya muulalooni gaardu tower vadda 90 degreela dakshinam vaipu maari, dongbianmenku vaayuvya disalo unna nagaram yokka dakshina kandaka vyavasthatho kalustundi. maroka kandakam paschimam vaipu, aapai dakshinam vaipu pravahinchi, bayati nagaram yokka kandaka vyavasthanu yerparustundi. idhi dongbianmen vadda lopali nagaram yokka dakshina mariyu thoorpu kandaka vyavasthalatho kalusukuni, chivaraku tongui nadiloki pravesinchindi.
antargata nagaram yokka kandaka vyavastha 30 nundi 50 meterla vedalputho, jengyangmenku aagneyamgaa undhi. kevalam 10 meterla vedalpu gala irukaina pradaesam dongzimen mariyu chauyangmen madhya unna vibhagam. kandakam daani lothaina binduvu vadda moodu meterla lothu, mariyu futchengmen sameepamlo daani atyanta nissaaramaina vadda oka meater lothu. bayati kandakam lopali nagaram kante irukainadi mariyu lothugaa undedi. quing raajavamsam mugise samayaniki, krutrima kandaka vyavastha sahaja nadhee vyavasthaku bhinnamgaa pravartinchaledu.
beijing nagara godala venta aneka pradaesaalaloo unna neeti margalu nagaramloki mariyu velupala neeti sarafara pravahanni anumatinchadaaniki sahayapaddayi. lopali nagaramlo edu margalu unnaih deshengmen west (lopali nagaramloki pravesinchindi, moodu margalu), dongzimen south (nagaraniki edamavaipu, oka maargam), chavyangmen south (nagaraniki edamavaipu, oka maargam), chongwenmen eest (nagaraniki edamavaipu, oka maargam), jhengyangmen eest (nagaraniki edamavaipu, oka maargam), jhengyangmen west (nagaraniki edamavaipu, moodu margalu), mariyu juvan women west (nagaraniki edamavaipu, oka maargam). bayati nagaramlo moodu margalu undevi sibianmen thoorpu (bayati nagaramloki pravesinchindi, moodu margalu), dangbianmen paschimam (bayati nagaramloki pravesinchindi, moodu margalu), mariyu dangbianmen thoorpu (lopali mariyu bayati nagaralaku pradhana paarudala, moodu margalu). margalu raathi palakalu mariyu raathi itukalatho kappabadina bhoomi punaadulanu dheekonnaayi, taruvaata itukala pora. prati maargamlo rendu ledhaa moodu porala inupa railinglu undevi, mariyu chaalaa mandhi sainikulu kapala kaastunnaaru.
kandaka vyavastha beijing saamaanyula rojuvaaree karyakalapalanu prabhaavitam chesindi. angle shakam (1402-1424) nundi madhya-king raajavamsam (1644-1912) varaku, dakshina kandakam vyavastha yokka thoorpu vibhaagaalanu nagaramloki pradhana aahara padaarthaala ravana kosam kaluvaluga upayoginchaaru. saamaanyulu thoorpu kandaka vyavastha vadda padavalalo ekkavacchu, dakshina disagaa prayaaninchi nagaram nundi dongbianmen vadda bayaludaeravachchu mariyu tongjuy nadini digavacchu, idhi tongju graameena praantaalaku daariteestundi. prati samvatsaram aakalitho unna deyyam panduga samayamlo, prajalu kovvottulato kuudina chinna noukalanu neetipai unchutaaru. sheethaakaalamlo gaddakattinapudu, eee kandakaalu nagaram lopala mariyu velupala satvaramargaluga upayoginchabaddaayi. skating untundi, mariyu vesavi nelallo upayogam kosam manchunu kattirinchi bhoogarbhamlo bhadraparustaaru. eee kandakaalu aneka chepalu mariyu baatulaku nilayamgaa undevi.
undevi, beijing yokka kandaka vyavasthanu 41.19 kilometres vadda kolustaaru. nagaram vistarinchadam konasaginchadamto, kandaka vyavastha ikapai upayoginchabadaledu, mariyu daanilo ekkuva bhaagam bhoogarbhamlo pravahinchabadindi. moodu pradhana dakshina dwaaraala kandaka vyavasthalu vyavasthalu bhoogarbha nadulugaa marai. paschima, thoorpu, uttara kandaka vyavasthalu vyavasthalu kappabaddayi. lopali nagaram yokka uttara kandaka vyavastha, bayati nagaram yokka dakshina kandaka vyavastha mariyu saamraajya mariyu nishedhinchabadina nagara vyavasthala yokka konni avasheshaalu migili unnaayi.
1960la madhya nundi 1970la madhyakaalam varaku (udaaharanaku, taiping sarassu) beijing yokka aneka sarassulu nindipoyaayi, mottam bhuubhaagam 33.4 hectorlu. langsugou mariyu lianhuwachi vanti aneka itara vaatini paakshikamgaa nimpadam dwara parimaanamlo tagginchabaddaayi. prabhutvam nagaram velupala aneka sarassulanu kooda subhram chesi, konnintini pedda sarassuluga maarchindi. touranting park, langton sarassu, euanton mariyu jijuyuan vadda public paarkulu srushtinchabaddaayi. srushtinchabaddaayi konni kotta nadhee vyavasthalu (kunyu nadhi mariyu jingmi mallimpu nadhi) nirminchabaddaayi.
prabhavalu.
saamrajyam yokka raajakeeya, saamskrutika, sainika mariyu vaanijya kendramaina beijing, chaina yokka chivari moodu raajavamsaalaku rajadhaanigaa undedi; idhi chaina charitralo nirminchina chivari saamraajya rajadhani. munupati raajavamsaala nirmaanam mariyu pranaalika sampradaayaalanu konasaginchadam mariyu meruguparachadam, beijing ming mariyu king raajavamsaala samayamlo nagara pranaalika rangamlo konni atyunnata vijayaalanu ponduparachindi. koota vyavastha nirmaanam yuvan sakaaniki chendina daadu mariyu ming sakaaniki chendina nonging nundi aalochanalanu sweekarinchindi mariyu yuvan mariyu yuvan anantara puurva-ganatantra yuga nagara pranaalika sailulanu vargeekarinchindi. idhi chaina yokka 3,200 samvatsaraala chadarapu aakarapu rajavamsa nagara pranaalika sailiki chivari udaaharana. idhi tong raajavamsaaniki chendina changaon pramaanaaniki daggaragaa saripolutundi. prarambha ming raajavamsam samayamlo eee nagaram jagrattagaa pranaalika cheyabadindi, uttara mariyu dakshina godala madhya binduvula gundaa oka kendra aksham nadustundi, "golden mean" (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ nishedhinchabadina nagaram annintikee madhyalo undhi, raajabhavanaalaku uttaraana deerghaayuvu parvatam (jingshan) undhi. rajabhavanala chuttoo unna saamraajya nagaram, nishiddha nagaramloni chakravarthy jeevanasaili nirvahanaku avasaramaina pratidaanni andinchindi. nagaramloni dakshina bhagalu adhikarulu mariyu bureaucratlaku ketayinchabaddayi, ayithe antargata mariyu bayati nagaram saamraajya nagaram mariyu rajabhavana samudaayaaniki adanapu rakshanagaa panichesindi. nagaramloni veedhulu, margalu mariyu veedhulu saralamgaa mariyu vedalpugaa undevi, ivi saamraajyavaada aadarsamaina kramaanni pradarsistaayi. bouddha devalayalu, tavoist devalayalu, vyapara jillaalu, paarkulu mariyu saamraajya kutumba nivaasaalato sahaa pratidee nagaram yokka leavutku anugunamgaa pranaalika cheyabadindi, daani kramam daadu kante chaalaa kathinamainadi mariyu parimaanamlo peddadi. beijing koota roopakalpana uttara geetha raajavamsam (960-1127) yokka "woosing jongyo" nundi mariyu dakshina geetam (1127-1279) yokka ippatike baga abhivruddhi chendina koota nirmaana naipunhyam nundi amsaalanu sweekarinchindi. anni nirmaanaalu neelanu dheekonadaaniki badulu itukalu mariyu raallanu punaadulugaa upayoginchaayi, veetilo watch towerlu, corner gaardu towerlu, barbicons, satruvu drushti towerlu mariyu sluis gate towerlu unnaayi. nagaraniki samathookam mariyu praadaesika rakshana rendintinee erpaatu chestu, idhi rajavamsa chaina yokka uttama balavardhakamaina nagara rakshana vyavastha, idhi nagara koota roopakalpanalo chivari rajavamsa chaina yokka goppa vijayaalanu pradarsistundi.
beijing kotanu american vaastusilpi edmond bekan "bhoomi meeda manishi yokka goppa ekaika nirmaana sadhana" gaa abhivarninchaaru. swedish panditudu oswald siren thana pustakam "dhi walls und gates off pecking" loe koota yokka gambheeramaina drushyaalanu vivarinchaadu. ayana ilaa vraasaadu "dwaaraalanu nagara mukhalu anie pilavavacchu; avi ara million ledhaa anthakante ekkuva jeevula eee bhaarii godala sareeram oopiri peelchukuni matlade dwaaraalu. mottam nagaram yokka jeevitam dwaaraala vadda kendrikrutamai untundi; daani nundi bayataku vellae ledhaa lopaliki vellae pratidee eee irukaina dwaaraalanu daataali. lopaliki velledi mariyu bayataku velledi kevalam vahanalu, jantuvulu mariyu maanavula samoohame kaadu, aalochanalu mariyu korikalu, aasalu mariyu niraasalu, maranam mariyu vivaham mariyu antyakriyala-ooregimpula roopamlo kotta jeevitam. dwaaraala vadda mottam nagaram yokka pulls anubhooti chendavacchu, endukante daani jeevitam mariyu uddesyam irukaina dwaaraala gundaa pravahistundi-pulls-beat, idhi eee atyanta sanklishtamaina jeevi yokka jeevitam mariyu kaaryaacharana yokka layanu istundi, dheenini pecking anie pilustaaru."bhavishyattulo kotalu chekkuchedarakunda untaya anae niraasaavaada drukpathamtho ayana muginchaaru. nijaaniki, kotalu taruvaata okkokatigaa koolchiveyabaddaayi.
parirakshana.
beijing loe jarigina 2008 vesavi olympicsku daariteesina kaalamlo puraatana nirmaanaanni punaruddharinchaalane pilupu balamgaa perigindi. asalu "Â" aakaaramlo unna nagara rakshana vyavasthanu puurtigaa ledhaa paakshikamgaa punarnirminchaalani demandlu cheyabaddaayi. angdingmenla iteevala puurtayina punarnirmaanam atuvanti paniki oka udaaharana, bhavishyattulo itarulu anusarinche avakaasam undhi. punaruddharinchabadina antargata mariyu bayati nagara kandaka vyavastha praja jalamarga networklo bhaagamgaa maarutundi; nagaram yokka kendra akshaniki dakshinaana unna moodu dwaaraala punarnirmaanam (mariyu bahusha lopali nagaramloni mottam tommidi dwaaraalu mariyu moodu muulala gaardu towerlu) gurinchi adhikarulu charchistunnaru. ayithe, futchengmen, chauyangmen mariyu juvanvumen vanti puurvapu dwaaraala pradaesaalu ippudu ettaina ettaina mariyu itara pradhana abhivruddhi thoo raddiigaa unna rahadaarulu. takkuva raddi unna pradaesaalaloo vaatini sameepamlo punarnirminchadam oka pratyaamnaayam. migilina kotala punaruddharana mariyu nagara godalaloni bhagala punarnirmaanam, takkuva kashtataramaina mariyu chaalaa takkuva nidhulu avasaramayye prajectulu konni ekkuva avakaasam unna prajectulu. 2001 mariyu 2003 madhya, beijing railu stationku dakshinaana unna lopali nagara goda yokka prastuta vibhagam puurtigaa punaruddharinchabadindi mariyu ming city wall avasheshaala udyaanavanamgaa prajalaku teravabadindi. 2005 mariyu mariyu eee udyaanavanaaniki marinni goda vibhagalu jodinchabaddaayi. aagneya muulaloe unna tower punaruddharinchabadindi mariyu udyaanavanamlo bhaagamgaa undhi. beijing puraatana observatory sameepamlo unna nagara goda yokka vibhagam mariyu daani shatru drushti gopuram punaruddharana pranaalika dasalo undhi, alaage jengyangmen vadda barbicon kooda undhi.

