
diguva elvha klallam tega

diguva elvha clullum tega (ledhaa klallamlo nÂxwslam āy Âm ("balamaina prajalu")) anedi united states yokka vaayuvya pasifiklo samakhya gurtimpu pondina sthaanika american desham. eee tega pedda klallam samskrutilo bhaagam, idhi teerapraanta salish prajalalo bhaagam.
klallam yokka saampradaaya bhuubhaagam olympic dveepakalpam yokka uttara mariyu eshaanya bhaagam, yuu.ess. washington rashtram. vaaru saampradayakamgaa eee praantamloo aneka gramalanu kaligi unnaaru. 1930la nundi eee tegaloni oka bhaagam elwaha nadhi mukhadwaram vadda odarevu angelsku paschimaana unna oka reservationnu niyantrinchindi.
2003 augustulo nagaramloni puurvapu girijana bhoomipai nirmaana project samayamlo "tse-white-zen" anae puraatana klallam graamam kanugonabadindi. daadaapu chekkuchedarakunda unna graama pradaesam, vandalaadi maanava avasheshaalu mariyu vaelaadi kalakhandala praamukhyata aaa pradaesamloe nirmaana prajectunu vidichipettadaaniki daariteesindi. radeo carbon kalakramam aadhaaramgaa, eee graama pradaesam daadaapu 2700 samvatsaraalugaa aakraminchabadi unnatlu telustondi. 1930la varaku diguva elva klallam akkada nivasinchaaru, appudu samakhya prabhutvam vaarini nagaram velupala reservation paschimaaniki vellamani oppinchindi. appati nundi rashtram aaa tegaku bhoomini tirigi icchi, marokadaanni leejuku ichindi.
2012 mariyu 2014loe, 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo nirminchina rendu anakattalanu tega chalakalamga vaadinchina pradhana punaruddharana prajectulo bhaagamgaa elwaha nadhi nundi tolaginchaaru. idhi nadhi mukhadwaram vadda beachlu mariyu deltalanu nirminchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi, alaage salmon pravahalanu punaruddharistundi mariyu nadhi mariyu pareevaahaka praantaala paryaavaranaanni meruguparustundi. bhoomulu velladi kaavadamtho, 2012 augustulo tega nadhi sameepamlo vaari sudeerghamgaa munigipoyina pavitra srushti sthalaanni tirigi kanugonnaru. adanamgaa, nadhi vembadi 8,000 samvatsaraala maanava nivaasaalanu velladinche kalakhandalatho oka puraavastu pradaesam kanugonabadindi; idhi olympic jaateeya udyaanavanamlo atyanta puraatana pradaesam.
janabha.
2007 natiki diguva elwah klallam tegaku chendina 776 mandhi namodu chesukunna sabhyulu unnaaru. veerilo 112 mandhi diguva elwaha reservationlalo nivasistunnaaru. idhi tegache nirvahinchabadutundi mariyu port angelsku paschimaana elwah nadhi mukhadwaram vadda undhi.
charitra.
diguva elvha klallam tega united states yokka vaayuvya pasiphik praantamloo unna naluguru klallam prajalalo okati. vaari chaaritraka bhuubhaagam olympic dveepakalpaaniki eshaanyamlo, sumaruga hoko nadhi nundi juvan dii phuka jalasandhi varaku undhi. vaaru sambandhita saleesh bhashalanu matladataru. eee tega saampradayakamgaa itara teerapraanta salish bhashalaku sambandhinchina klallam bhashanu matladedi. ippatike jarugutunna prajectulalo, adline smith vanti girijana peddala pradhana sahakaaramtho 2012loe klallam nighantuvu prachurinchabadindi. bhasha taragatulu klallam vadakanni punaruddharistunnaayi.
chaaritraka mariyu puraatana kaalamlo, diguva elvha klallam elwaha nadhi vembadi aneka gramalanu aakraminchindi, veetilo prastuta odarevu angels praantamaina ediz hook dwara aasrayam pondina bay kooda undhi. vaaru nadhi vembadi oka raatini tama srushti pradaesamgaa paerkontuu, daanini klallamlo daani akaaraaniki chuttabadina butta anie ardham. klallam bhasha bodhakudu jaamee valadez prakaram, srushtikarta "klallam prajalanu mariyu itara tegalanu snanam chesi aasiirvadimchina pradaesam" gaa idhi piluvabadindi. idhi drushti anveshanalaku oka pradaesamgaa prasiddhi chendindi. 1913loe elvha anakatta nirmaanam dwara srushtinchabadina sarassu kinda eee pradaesam munigipoyindi. girijana sabhyulu 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo dheenini maanava saastravettalu mariyu itara parisoedhakulaku vivarinchaaru.
18va mariyu 19va sataabdaala chivaralo, mashoochi mariyu thattu vanti eee kotta vyaadhulaku roganirodhaka shakti lenanduna, eee tega european vyaapaarula nundi sankraminche antu vyaadhula valla adhika maranaalanu chavichusindi. 19va sataabdam chivari natiki vaari sankhya gananeeyamgaa taggindi.
diguva elvha klallam tega 1855 point noo point oppandamlo united states chetha gurtinchabadindi. 20va sataabdamloo, samakhya prabhutvam odarevu angels velupala bhoomini konugolu chesi, nagaramloni vaari aasti nundi 1935-36 loe akkadaku taralinchamani teganu oppinchindi, tadwara jalaasayam venta paarisraamika abhivruddhini anumatinchindi. girijana bhoomipai kalapa mariyu kaagitapu millulu nirminchabaddaayi. 1968loe elwaha nadhi mukhadwaram vadda unna bhoomini diguva elwaha reservationga niyaminchaaru. nedu girijana bhoomulalo elwaha nadipai mariyu sameepamlo sumaru bhoomi undhi.
eguva elva mariyu itara nadulu, parvataalu mariyu uttara olympic dveepakalpamloni itara praantaalanu rakshinchadaaniki 1938loe olympic jaateeya udyaanavanam sthaapinchabadindi. idhi mukhyamaina aavasalanu samrakshinchindi, ayithe 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo diguva nadipai nirminchina aanakattalu vaarshika salmon parugettadaanni nivaarinchadam dwara paryaavaranaanni marchai. 20va sataabdam chivari natiki, nadiki tirigi vachhe salmonla sankhya daadaapu 400,000 nundi 4,000 kante takkuvagaa padipoyindi.
raajakeeya kriyaaseelata.
saampradaaya chepala vetatho sahaa daani oppanda hakkulanu nokki cheppadamlo eee tega pasiphik vaayuvyamlo itarulatoe kalisi panichesindi. vaaru tama aahaaramlo ekkuva bhaagam salmon meeda aadharapadi unnaaru. 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo nirminchina rendu aanakattala addankula kaaranamgaa elwaha nadipai salmon pravahalu gananeeyamgaa taggai, mariyu tega salmon mariyu itara chepalalo tama vatanu korindi. 1979 naati saahasopetamaina nirnayam dwara, tegala oppanda hakkulu dhruvikarinchabaddayi mariyu vaariki sagam salmon parugulu manjuru cheyabaddaayi. sthiramaina chepala pempakaanni nirvahinchadaaniki nova jaateeya samudra matsya seva mariyu vaanijya mariyu creeda matsyakaarula sahakaaramtho chepala vetapai sampradimpulu mariyu charchala vaarshika prakriya abhivruddhi cheyabadindi.
modati nundi, tega elvaapai anakattalanu vyatirekinchindi, mariyu vaati pratikuula paryaavarana prabhavalu spashtamgaa kanipinchaayi. eguva elwaha nadiloe salmon chepala pempakaanni punaruddharinchadaaniki ekaika maargamgaa aanakattala tolagimpuku maddatu ivvabadindi. eee tega jaateeya mariyu praantiiya paryaavarana samuuhaalatoe kalisi rashtra pratinidhulu mariyu kaangresnu prothsahinchadaaniki panichesindi, chivariki 1992 elwaha nadhi paryaavarana vyavastha mariyu matsya punaruddharana chattam aamodinchabadindi. everglades punaruddharana tarvaata jaateeya udyaanavana seva chepattina atipedda punaruddharana project idhi mariyu daani abhivruddhi mariyu amalulo sampradinchina vaataadaarulalo eee tega okati. aanakattala tolagimpu 2011loe praarambhamai, 2014 augustulo puurtayimdi.
puraatana pradaesaala punaruddharana.
augustu 2003loe, eee tega yokka puraatana graamam tse-white-zen nuu washington state department off transportation (doubluesdat) port angelslo oka chekkadam revunu nirmistunnappudu tirigi kanugonnaru. eee project hood kenal vantena sthaanamlo pentoonlanu nirminchadaaniki uddesinchabadindi. tega mariyu doubluesdat modatlo kalakhandalanu anveshinchadamlo sahakarinchaaru, ayithe, 10,000 kalakhandalu mariyu 335 maanava avasheshaalanu kanugonadamtho, mariyu aaa pradaesam daadaapu chekkuchedarakunda undani gurtinchadamtho, eee nirmaanam prajectunu vidichipettaalani tega demand chesindi. 2004 december 21naa, aaa pradaesamloe unna graving daakku sambandhinchina anni nirmaana prayatnaalanu doubluesdat nilipivestundani rashtra governor prakatinchaaru.
aaa tega teesukuvacchina daavaanu taruvaata parishkarinchadaaniki, rashtram graama sthalamlooni bhoomini avasheshaalanu punarnirminchadaaniki diguva elvha klallam tegaku ichindi, mariyu 2003 nundi 2005 varaku graama sthalam nundi swaadheenam chesukunna 67,000 kalakhandalanu curate cheyadaaniki oka nirmaanam kosam marokadaanni tegaku leejuku ivvadaaniki angeekarinchindi. eee settlement tegaku rashtram $25 laksala chellimpunu andinchindi, mariyu nirmaana prajectunu vidichipettina kaaranamgaa naukashraya angels nagaram mariyu naukashraya angels naukaasrayaaniki $7.5 laksala chellimpunu andinchindi. 2012 natiki, saitlo gaming casinola nirmaanam ledhaa nirvahananu nirodhinchadaaniki uddesinchina oppandam yokka konni nibandhanalu, federal prabhutvam eee bhoomini tegaku nammakamgaa teesukoovadaanni alasyam chestunnayi. idhi bhoomipai vaari niyantranaku veelu kalpistundi. eee tega eee pradaesamloe museum ledhaa curation centarnu nirminchaalani bhaavistundi.
radeo carbon dating prakaram, tse-white-zen graamam 2,700 samvatsaraala naatidi. 1930la praarambhamlo eee tega vaaru kotta reservation bhoomiki marchabadinappudu dheenini aakramincharu. 20va sataabdamloo eee naela nindi, graama sthalampai aneka millulu nirminchabaddaayi. naela nindi unnanduna, graama pradaesam samrakshinchabadindi. puraavastu shaastram bahusha enimidi podavaina gruha nirmaanaalu, alaage aahara tayari mariyu vedukala kosam praantaalu mariyu smasaanavaatikaku aadhaaraalanu velladinchindi.
2012 augustulo girijana sabhyulu elwaha nadhi vembadi tama pavitra srushti sthalaanni tirigi kanugonnaru. elwaha nadhi project punaruddharanalo bhaagamgaa elwaha anakatta srushtinchina reservoir ayina lake aldwellnu paaraveyadam tarvaata idhi velladaindi. kontamandi sabhyulu pavitra sthalaaniki prayaaninchaaru, akkada vaaru adline smittoe sahaa akkadiki cherukoleni peddala vaddaku tirigi teesukelladaaniki neetini sekarinchaaru. jeevinchi unna tega sabhyulu eee pradaesaanni chudatam idhe modatisaari.
gatamlo munigipoyina bhoomipai sambandhita anveshanhalo, puraavastu saastravettalu 8,000 samvatsaraala maanava nivaasaalanu velladinchina oka pradaesaanni kanugonnaru. idhi olympic jaateeya udyaanavanamlooni atyanta puraatana puraavastu pradaesam. aaa thegatho sampradimpulu jaripi, parisoedhakulu adhyayanam kosam konni kalakhandalanu tolaginchi, daanini rakshinchadaaniki aaa sthalaanni tirigi khananam chesaaru. rendu pradaesaalanu bhadraparachadaaniki vaatini rahasyamgaa unchaaru.
marinta chadavandi.
boyd, colean ii. mariyu zaan bii. baaludu. "madhya vaayuvya teeramlo saamskrutika manugada, girijana saarvabhoumaadhikaaram mariyu nadhi punaruddharana."neeti, saamskrutika vaividhyam mariyu prapancha paryaavarana maarpulalo abhivruddhi chendutunna pokadalu, sthiramaina bhavishyattu, bii. aarr. johnston, mariyu itarulu., 387-402. london springer, 2012.