vajraala spashtata

vajraala spashtata anedi "cherikalu" anie piluvabade vajram yokka antargata lakshanaala uniki mariyu drushya roopaaniki sambandhinchina vajraala naanhyata, mariyu "macchalu" anie piluvabade uparitala lopaalu. diamond grading yokka naalugu cs laloe spashtata okati, migilinavi carrett, rangu mariyu cutt.
khanijam erpadinappudu daanilo chikkukunna ghanapadaarthaalu, dravaalu ledhaa vaayuvulu cherikalu. avi oka videshee padaartham yokka spatikaalu ledhaa maroka diamond christal kaavacchu, ledhaa vajram tellagaa ledhaa meghaavrutamgaa kanipinchela chese chinna pagullu vanti nirmaana lopaalanu utpatti chesi undavacchu. sankhya, parimaanam, rangu, saapeksha sthaanam, dhorani mariyu cherikala drushyamaanata annee vajram yokka saapeksha spashtatanu prabhaavitam chestaayi. raathi yokka mottam roopaanni batti padhi retlu magnification aadhaaramgaa spashtata grade ketayinchabadutundi, idhi ratna prapanchamlo upayoginche louplaku praamaanika magnification.
ratna-naanhyatagala vajraalalo unde chaalaa cherikalu vajraala paniteeru ledhaa nirmaana samagratanu prabhaavitam cheyavu mariyu avi kallu terichi kanipinchavu. ayithe, pedda meghalu kaantini prasaram chesi chedaragotte vajram saamarthyaanni prabhaavitam chestaayi. uparitalaaniki daggaragaa ledhaa virigipoye pedda pagullu pagullu sambhavinchataaniki vajram yokka nirodhakatanu tagginchavachhu.
adhika spashtata shrenulu kaligina vajraalu marinta viluvainavi, chaalaa arudaina "dosharahita" sraeneekruta vajram atyadhika dharanu pondutundi. chinna chinna cherikalu ledhaa macchalu upayogapadataayi, endukante vaatini velimudralaku saaruupyamaina pratyaekamaina gurtinche gurtulugaa upayoginchavacchu. adanamgaa, synthetic diamond technology merugupadatam mariyu sahaja mariyu synthetic vajraala madhya thedaanu gurtinchadam marinta kashtamgaa maaradamtho, sahaja muulaaniki rujuvugaa cherikalu ledhaa macchalanu upayoginchavacchu.
bhaareega cherchabadina vajraalu paarisraamika upayogam kosam matrame undevi. iteevali samvatsaraalalo, uppu mariyu miriyalu vajraalu perugutunna prajaadarananu pondaayi.
cherikalu mariyu macchalu.
aneka rakaalaina cherikalu mariyu macchalu unnaayi, ivi vajram yokka spashtatanu vividha sthaayilalo prabhaavitam chestaayi. lazer linelu vanti vajraala merugudala vidhaanaala phalitamgaa vachhe lakshanaalanu kooda cherikalu ledhaa macchalugaa pariganistaaru.
cherikalu.
vajraala parisrama "cherikalu" kuu badulugaa "antargata lakshanaalu" anae padaanni upayogistundi. sahaja vajraala kosam, vajramlooni "antargata lakshanaalu" vajraaniki daani swabhaavaanni mariyu pratyaekamaina velimudranu ichhe perugudala spatikaalu. vajraalanu vargeekarinchinappudu, avi 10x power vadda peddavi avtayi.
spashtata grading.
gemological institute off america grading system.
charitra.
charitra, richard tii. liddikote, marquis purson, jooe phillips, robbert crowningshield mariyu bert kraashlatoo kalisi kotta diamond grading vyavasthapai panicheyadam praarambhinchindi, dheenini vaaru "diamond grading und evaluation apprisal" anie pilicharu. pilicharu, vaaru tama kotta vyavasthanu vidudala chesaaru, idhi vajraala yokka moodu amsaalanu anchanaa vesindi; tayari, rangu mariyu spashtata. vaaru aaa samayamlo parisramalo upayoginchina padajaalaanni teesukunnaru mariyu vajraalanu sthiramgaa vargeekarinchagala spashtata sthaayini utpatti cheyadaaniki nirvachanaalanu suddhi chesaaru. aaa samayamlo vyavasthalo tommidi taragatulu undevi dosharahitamainavi, vvs1, vvs2, verses 1, verses 2, si1, si2, i1 mariyu i2. i1 yokka 'i', mariyu i2 taragatulu modata 'asampoornamainavi' anie suuchimchaevi.
suuchimchaevi, vyavasthalo rendu maarpulu cheyabaddaayi. modata, "antargatamgaa dosharahita" grade jodinchabadindi, endukante uparitala macchalanu tolaginchadaaniki aneka vajraalanu dookudugaa kattiristunnatlu jiah gamaninchindi, tadwara vajraala kattirimpu naanhyata ("tayaaru") taggutundi. antargatamgaa dosharahita" grade vajraala tayaareedaarulaku raayi uparitalampai macchalanu vadili, vadili kante ekkuva grade saadhinchadaaniki empikanu ichindi. grading vyavasthalo chesina rendava maarpu ii3 grade parichayam. chaalaa takkuva spashtata kaligina vajraala sankhya perugutunnanduna eee maarpu jarigindi.
spashtata grading vyavasthalo chivari maarpu maarpu jarigindi, appudu "asampuurnamainadi" anae padaanni "cherchabadindi" gaa marcharu.
aadhunika jiah grading vyavastha.
jiah diamond grading scale aaru vargaalu mariyu padakondu taragatulugaa vibhajinchabadindi. spashtata vargaalu mariyu gradelu
jiah clarity grading vidhanam.
dark feeled prakaasamtoe 10x magnification kinda jiah clarity grading nirvahinchabadutundi. jiah prayogasaala praamaanika parikaraalaina binacular stereo microscopelanu upayogistundi, ivi adhika magnificationlaku joom cheyagalavu. eee suukshmadarshinulaloo darkfield prakaasam, alaage atineelalohita vadapotha ovar head kaanti amarchabadi untaayi. 10x handheld loopnu upayoginchi grading chesinappudu, darkfield prakaasam saadhinchadam chaalaa kashtam. raayi yokka punaadi vaipu nundi veliginche vidhamgaa mariyu raayi yokka kireetam kaanti nundi rakshinchabade vidhamgaa grader kaanti vanarunu upayoginchaali.
vajraanni puurtigaa subhram chesina taruvaata, nadumu nundi nadumu pattulo patteelanu upayoginchi vajraanni ettutaaru. grader modatisaarigaa vajraanni table dwara chustadu, raayi yokka culet praantaanni cherika kosam adhyayanam chestaadu. aaa vajraanni krindiki dinchi, pattutho table-tuu-kuvelet holdlo teesukuntaaru. eee sthithilo, vajraanni pevillion vaipu nundi mariyu kireetam vaipu nundi adhyayanam cheyavachu, jodimpula kosam prati vaipu dwara vajraanni pariseelinchavacchu. vajramlooni oka vibhaganni puurtigaa pariseelinchina tarvaata, grader vajraanni pattulo tipputundi, tadwara porugu rangaanni pariseelinchavacchu. grader lakshanaalanu bahirgatam cheyadaaniki darkfield laitingnu upayogistaadu, mariyu oka lakshanam raayi lopala, raalla uparitalampai ledhaa rendintipai undho ledho nirdhaarinchadaaniki reflect ayina, ovar head laitingnu pratyamnaayamgaa upayogistaadu. grader stereo microscopenu upayogistunnatlayite, vaaru cherika gurinchi sannihita pariseelanalu cheyadaaniki adhika magnificationku joom cheyavachu, conny spashtata gradepy daani prabhavanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki 10x magnificationku tirigi raavacchu.
stereo binacular microscope upayoginchinatlayithe, raathi spashtatapai tudi teerpu ivvadaaniki mundu 10x loupnu upayoginchi tudi anchanaa veyabadutundi. grader modata vajram yokka spashtata varganni nirnayistaaduh edhee ledhu (efl, ledhaa maccha kosam), nimisham (vvs), chinnadi (verses), gurtinchadaginadi (sii), ledhaa spashtamaina (ii). aaa tarvaata vajram yokka grade gurinchi nirnayam teesukobadutundi.
itara samsthalachae grading vyavasthalu.
jiah abhivruddhi chesina clarity grading vyavasthanu parisrama antataa alaage american gemological society (ags) mariyu international gemological institute (igi) thoo sahaa itara diamond grading agencylu upayoginchaayi. jiah vyavasthanu upayoginche itara chinna prayogasaalalu kooda unnaayi. eee grading agencylu tama spashtata shrenulanu 10x magnification kinda painundi vajraanni chusinappudu sikshana pondina nipunulaku kanipinche cherikala lakshanaalapai aadharapadi untaayi.
prapancha aabharanaala samakhya.
prapancha aabharanaala samakhya vajraala grading kosam "antarjaateeya spashtata sthaayi" nii abhivruddhi chesindi. eee spashtata sthaayi jiah grading sthaayini pratibimbistumdi, paeru maarutuu untundi tappa. eee vyavastha eee spashtata shrenulaku paeru pedutundi; loupe clean, chaalaa, chaalaa chinna cherikalu (vvs1 mariyu vvs2), chaalaa chinna cherikalu (verses 1 mariyu verses 2), chinna cherikalu (Si1 mariyu Si2), pickway (p1, p2 mariyu p3; "macchalu" anie ardham vachhe french padam nundi).
doubluesi pramaanaala dwara spashtata grading anedi saadhaarana kaantiloo 10x varna, graham loopnu upayoginchi pareekshinchadam dwara jarugutundi.
american zem society.
american zem society 0 mariyu 10 madhya sankhyala sthaayilo spashtatanu grade chestundi. eee sankhyala gradelu daadaapu khachitamgaa jiah vyavasthatho sambandham kaligi untaayi, conny konni vyatyaasaalato. dosharahita mariyu antargata dosharahita (0) taragatulu raayi bahya macchalu lekunda undho ledho nirvachinche sangnaamaanamtho kalisi vargeekarinchabadataayi, vvs nundi ci taragatulu 1 nundi 6 varaku sankhya cheyabadataayi, aapai cherchabadina vargaaniki naalugu taragatulu 7 nundi 10 varaku untaayi.
ags pramaanaala dwara spashtata grading sardubaatu cheyagala joom magnification mariyu darkfield prakaasam kaligina binacular stereo microscopenu upayoginchi pareeksha avasaram.
antarjaateeya vajraala mandali.
idc ledhaa "antarjaateeya vajraala mandali" sibzoku chaalaa saaruupya pramaanaanni upayogistundi. bahya macchalu unna idc "loop clean" raallu grading nivedikalo sankethaalu kaligi untaayi. saadhaarana kaantiloo 10x varna, graham yokka loupnu upayoginchi pareekshinchadam dwara idc spashtata grading jarugutundi.
european ratnasastra prayogasaala.
european gemological laboratory (egl) (egl) nii clarity gradega pravesapettindi. sarihaddu rekha ayina ayina raallanu chaerchadaaniki uddesinchinappatiki, ippudu saadhaaranamgaa daadaapu "kanti subhramgaa" unde ii1 lanu ardham chesukovadaniki upayogistaaru, antey, ivi kantitho spashtamgaa kanipinchani cherikalanu kaligi untaayi. jiah mariyu agl oke naamakaranaanni upayogistaayi, conny pramaanaalanu bhinnamgaa vartimpajestaayi kabatti, vajraala konugoludaarulu sulabhamgaa gandaragolaniki ledhaa tappudova pattinchavachhu. rendu prayogasaalalaku samarpinchina oke vajram tarachugaa chaalaa bhinnamaina gradelanu pondutundi. 
spashtata grading parigananalu.
anni taragatulu 10x magnification vadda paie nundi chusinappudu anubhavagnudaina grader roopaanni pratibimbistaayi, ayithe grading prakriyaloo adhika magnifications mariyu itara koonaala nundi chudatam upayoginchabadataayi. grader antargata lakshanaala kosam vajraanni adhyayanam chesi, parimaanam, sankhya, sthaanam, swabhaavam mariyu rangu ledhaa upasamanam anae aidu spashtata kaarakaala aadhaaramgaa vaatini nirnayistaadu. spashtata grade atyanta gurtinchadagina cherikala aadhaaramgaa anchanaa veyabadutundi, "grade setting cherikalu" anie pilavabadevi. gradenu sett chese prayojanaala kosam takkuva mukhyamaina cherikalu vismarinchabadataayi; ayithe, avi ippatikee diamond plaat chaartlo plaat cheyabadavachhu.
itara grading dasala maadirigaane khachitamaina spashtata grading vajramtho "vadulugaa" cheyali, antey.ii. yea mountloonuu amarchaledu. vajrapu kireetam vaipu nundi cherikalu tarachugaa chudatam kashtam, mariyu amarika dwara daachabadavachhu.
parimaanam.
anchanaa veyabadina modati spashtata karakam spashtata lakshanam yokka parimaanam. pedda lakshanaalu saadhaaranamgaa magnification kinda marinta gurtinchadaginavi, tadwara vajraanni takkuva spashtata gradelo unchutundi.
sankhya.
anchanaa veyabadina rendava spashtata karakam spashtata lakshanaala sankhya. saadhaaranamgaa, ekkuva lakshanaalu, spashtata sthaayi takkuvagaa untundi. eee anchanaa vaatini entha sulabhamgaa chudavacho nirnayinchadam dwara cheyabadutundi, lakshanaala vaastava sankhya dwara kaadu.
sthaanam.
anchanaa veyabadina moodava spashtata karakam lakshanam yokka sthaanam. oka cherika neerugaa vajram pattika kinda unnappudu adhi chaalaa spashtamgaa kanipistundi. table kinda mariyu pevillion vaipu daggaragaa unchina oka cherika raayi chuttoo aneka saarlu pratibimbistumdi, eee rakamaina cherikaku "reflector" anae paeru istundi. prati pratibimbam oka cherika laaga reflectorlanu vargeekaristaaru (vajraanni plaat cheyadamlo idhi okasari matrame plaat cheyabadinappatiki). eee kaaranamgaa, reflectorlu spashtata gradepy ekkuva prabhavam chuuputaayi. cherchabadinavi kireetam vaipula kinda ledhaa raathi nadumu daggara unchinappudu takkuvagaa kanipistaayi. eee cherikalu tarachugaa vajram yokka kireetam vaipu kante vajram yokka pevillion vaipu nundi marinta sulabhamgaa kanipistaayi.
adanamgaa, pedda eekalu, naatlu mariyu cherchabadina spatikaalu raathi nadumu ledhaa kireetam varaku vistarinchi unna chota unchadam spashtata sthaayini prabhaavitam chestundi. aabharanaalalo dharinche vajraalu saadhaaranamgaa vichchinnatanu thattukogalavu, ayithe eee swabhaavam mariyu eee sthaanaalalo cherchadam valla vajram nirmaanamloo viramam marinta podiginche pramaadam undhi. kaneesam raayi virige pramaadaanni kaligi unnatlu nirnayinchabadina cherikalu "cherchabadina" vibhaagamlo vargeekarinchabaddaayi.
prakruti.
anchanaa veyabadina nalgava spashtata karakam lakshanam yokka swabhaavam. lakshanam yokka swabhaavam adhi antargatamgaa (raatiloki vistarinchi) ledhaa baahyamgaa (raathi uparitalaaniki parimitam) undho ledho nirnayistundi. antargata lakshanaalu vajraanni "dosharahitam" mariyu "antargata dosharahitam" vargaala nundi svayamchaalakamgaa minahaayistaayi. bahya lakshanaalu vajraanni "dosharahita" vargam nundi minahayinchayi.
vajram yokka antargata lakshanaanni (enn) gaa vargeekarinchavachuh gaayam, kuharam, chip, cheelika, megham, christal, eeka, dhanyam kendram, indent cheyabadina sahaja, antargata dhanyam, mudi, lazer drill randhram, suudi, pinpoint ledhaa twinning whisp.
vajram yokka bahya lakshanaanni a (n) gaa vargeekarinchavachuh rapidi, sahaja, nick, pitt, palish linelu, palish maark, scratch, uparitala graining ledhaa adanapu vaipu.
oka cherika raayi pramaadaanni kaligistundaa ledhaa anie kooda prakruti nirnayistundi. christal nirmaanamloo (christal, eekalu, mudi mariyu cheelikatho sahaa) viramam kaliginche oka cherika, daani sthaanaanni batti, marinta vichchinnam ayye pramaadaanni madhyasta sthaayilo kaliginchavacchu.
rangu ledhaa upasamanam.
anchanaa veyabadina aidava spashtata karakam spashtata lakshanaala yokka rangu mariyu upasamanam. chuttupakkala vajraaniki viruddhamgaa unde lakshanaalu "upasamanam" kaligi unnayani chebutaaru. eee rangu mariyu upasamanam entha varaku gurtinchadaginadi anedi vajram yokka spashtata sthaayini prabhaavitam chestundi. rangu cherikalu ellappuduu viruddhamgaa kanipistaayi mariyu marinta sulabhamgaa kanipistaayi. dheeniki minahaayimpugaa block pinpoint cherika undhi, idhi tarachugaa white pinpoint kante chudatam chaalaa kashtam.
arudaina mariyu viluva.
spashtata perige koddi vajraalu chaalaa arudugaa maarutunnaayi. tavvakaallo unna vajraalalo kevalam 20 saatam matrame vajraanni ratnamgaa upayoginchadaaniki taginadigaa pariganinchenta spashtata rating kaligi unnaayi; migilina 80 saatam paarisraamika viniyogaaniki tagginchabadataayi. aaa agra 20 saatamlo, oka mukhyamaina bhaagamlo, daggari tanikhi chesinappudu kantitho chudagalige cherika ledhaa cherikalu untaayi. kallem nundi sumaru 6 angulaala dhooramlo ratnaanni pariseelinchinappudu kanipinchani vaatini "kanti subhraparachadam" anie pilustaaru, ayithe kanipinche cherikalanu konnisaarlu aabharanaala mukkalo amarika kinda daachavacchu. atyanta khareedaina ratna vajraalu efl, iff, mariyu vvs raallatho kooda gananeeyamaina premiyamlanu vasoolu chestu verses mariyu sii gradelalo vastaayi. vajraalu chaaritraatmakamgaa dravarahitamainavi mariyu prashnaarthakamaina viluvagala nilvalugaa unnanduna "investment grade" anae padam tappudova pattinchedi ayinappatikee, raallanu konnisaarlu vaati arudaina vaatini suuchimchadaaniki "museum naanhyata" ledhaa "investment grade" gaa suuchistaaru.
spashtata merugudala.
lazer "drilling" loe oka randhraanni rangu kalapadaniki laejarnu upayoginchadam, taruvaata rangu agentnu tolaginchadaaniki assid washing untundi. spashtata grade anedi chikitsa tarvaata grade. chikitsa saasvatamgaa pariganinchabadutundi.
kaaru windshield pagullaku chikitsa cheyagaliginatlugaa pagullanu poorinchadam dwara kooda spashtatanu "meruguparachavacchu". ituvanti vajraalanu konnisaarlu "fracture nindina vajraalu" anie pilustaaru. pramukha vikretalu eee nimpe mariyu prasiddha nimpe companylu daggari nundi chusinappudu saadhaaranamgaa narinja ledhaa gulabi rangu yokka flaashnu choopinche nimpe agentlanu upayoginchaalani tappaka velladinchaali. fracture nindina vajraalaku gananeeyamaina dhara taggimpu undhi. jiah pagulu nindina vajraalanu grade cheyadu, endukante kontavaraku chikitsa vajram vale saasvatamgaa undadu. vaedi valla nimpadaaniki nashtam kaligiste, prasiddha companylu tarachugaa punaraavruta chikitsalanu andistaayi. settingulapai pani cheyadaaniki upayoginche blotarch debbatinadaaniki avasaramaina vaedi, mariyu vajram fracture nindi unte settinglo panichese evarikainaa teliyajeyadam chaalaa avasaram, tadwara vaaru vajraaniki sheetaleekarana agentlanu vartimpajeyavachu mariyu daanipai pani chesetappudu ekkuva jaagratta teesukovachhu.
jiaku, vidhanaparamgaa, spashtata-merugaina vajraalanu grade cheyadu, conny idhi lazer-drill chesina vajraalanu grade chestundi, endukante idhi merugudala anedi shaashwata swabhaavam kaligi untundi. oka jiah nivedikalo "spashtata meruguparachabadindi" ledhaa "fracture nindi undhi" anae padaalu unte, adhi khachitamgaa nakilee nivedika.

