
salamis, cyprus

salamis (;;) anedi cyprus thoorpu teeramlo, aadhunika famagastaku uttaraana 6 kii. mea. la dhooramlo, pedios nadhi mukhadwaram vadda unna oka puraatana greeku nagara-rashtram. sampradaayam prakaram, salamis vyavasthaapakudu telamon kumarudu, greeku dveepam salamis raaju, athanu thana sodarudu azacs kuu prateekaaram teerchukovadamlo viphalamainanduna trojan yuddham tarvaata intiki tirigi ralekapoyadu.
charitra.
prarambha charitra.
mottamodati puraavastu anveshanalu cree puu padakondava sataabdam (kaamsya yugam chivarilo) nativi. cyprus yokka raagi khanijalu eee dveepaanni prarambha vaanijya networklalo oka mukhyamaina nodga marchai, mariyu cyprus greeku pradhana bhuubhaagam yokka saamskrutika lakshanaalaku muulam, greeku cheekati yugaala chivarilo, 1992loe walter berkert oohinchaaru. cananite jaadi loe pillala samadhulu phoenitian unikini suuchistaayi. eee kaalam nundi oka naukaasrayam mariyu oka smasaanavaatika tavvakaalu jarigaayi. eee pattanam assyrian saasanaalalo "aidanana" (cyprus) rajyalalo okatigaa perkonabadindi. cree. puu. 877loe, oka assyrian sainyam modatisaarigaa madhyadhara tiiraaniki cherukundi. cree. puu. 708loe, cyprus nagara-raajulu assyria (burkert) yokka rendava sarganku nivaalularpinchaaru. modati naanhelu pertian namuunaalanu anusarinchi cree puu 6va sataabdamloo mudrinchabaddaayi.
cyprus eee samayamlo assyrianla niyantranalo undedi, conny dveepamlooni nagara-rashtraalu assyrian rajuku tama kappam chellinchinanta kaalam saapekshamgaa swaatantryam pondaayi. idhi vividha nagaraala rajulaku sampadanu, adhikaranni kuudagattukoevadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. salaameela "raaja samaadhulalo" gamaninchabade konni khananam acharalu neerugaa homerick aachaaraalaku sambandhinchinavi, mrutula gouravaartham gurralanu bully ivvadam mariyu olive noone jaadi samarpana vantivi. kontamandi panditulu eee drugvishayaanni cypresslo homerick itihaasaala prabhavam phalitamgaa ardham chesukunnaru. chaalaa varaku samadhi vastuvulu levant ledhaa eejipt nundi vastaayi.
foundation puraanam prakaram, salamis vyavasthaapakudu telamon kumarudu, athanu thana sodarudu ajaxku prateekaaram teerchukovadamlo viphalamainanduna trojan yuddham tarvaata intiki tirigi ralekapoyadu. ayithe, mycenianlu (encomi vadda) raakaku chaalaa kaalam mundu eee praantam aakraminchabadindani, inkomi samudram nundi verucheyabadinappudu salamis pattanaanni pratyamnaayamgaa abhivruddhi chesinatlu konni aadharalu unnaayi. punaadi puraanaaniki maddatu ivvadaaniki pratyaksha aadharalu chaalaa takkuvagaa unnaayi.
greeku kaalamlo.
kristupurvam 11va sataabdamloo, eee pattanam naukaasrayam chuttoo unna oka chinna praantaaniki parimitam cheyabadindi, conny twaralone paschima disagaa vistarinchi, nedu adavulatho kappabadi unna praantaanni aakraminchindi. salamis smasaanavaatika adavi paschima parimitula nundi seyint matham varaku pedda praantaanni kaligi undhi. paschimaana barnabas, uttaraana ayios sergios graamam shivaarlalo, mariyu dakshinaana encomi graamam shivaarlalo unnaayi. idhi kristupurvam 9va sataabdam nundi prarambha kraistava kaalam varaku unna samaadhulanu kaligi undhi. munupati samadhulu atavee praantamloo, prarambha pattana sarihadduku sameepamlo unnaayi.
kristupurvam 8va mariyu 7va sataabdaalaloo salaameelu sameepa thoorputho pratyaksha sambandhaalanu konasaginchinappatiki, ageanlatho kooda bandhaalu undevi. oka raaja samaadhilo pedda mottamlo greeku rekhaganita kundalu unnaayi, idhi salaameela raaja kutumbamlo vivaham chesukunna greeku yuvarani varakatnamgaa vivarinchabadindi. saadhaarana pourula samaadhulalo kooda greeku kundalu kanugonabaddayi. eee samayamlo greeku vaaru asea mainer mariyu syrialo kaalaneelanu sthaapinchadam dwara thoorpu vaipu vistarananu praarambhistunnaaru; salamis oka madhyantara stationga panichesi undaali; cypriots vaari venturelo greekulaku sahaayapaddaarani kooda soochinchabadindi.
pertian palanaku pratighatana.
cree. puu. 450loe, salamis athens mariyu parshiyanla madhya ekakaalamlo bhoomi mariyu samudra yuddhaaniki pradaesam. (idhi cree. puu. 480 loe greekulaku, parshiyanlaku madhya atikaaloni salamis vadda jarigina salamis yuddhamtho ayomayam chendakudadu.)
prarambha puraatana mariyu shaastreeya kalalalo salamis charitra greeku charitrakaarudu herodotus yokka kathanaalalo mariyu chaalaa taruvaata greeku orator isocrates yokka prasamgaalalo pratibimbistumdi. salamis taruvaata artaxercs III chetha muttadinchabadi jayinchabadindi. raaju evagorus I (411-374 BC) aadhvaryamlo nagaramlo greeku samskruti mariyu kala abhivruddhi chendindi mariyu puraavastu shaastravetta yokka kode eee kaalamlooni praja bhavanalanu velikiteese oka roeju aasaktikaramgaa untundi. salamis loe shaastreeya kaalam mugimpunu vivarinche smaaraka chihnam, tulas, idhi cree puu 311 loe maraninchina salamis chivari raajulalo okaraina nicocrione yokka samaadhulanu kappi unchindi. daani smaaraka vedikapai aneka matti talalu kanugonabaddayi, veetilo konni chitraalugaa unnaayi, bahusha raaja kutumba sabhyula chitraalugaa undavacchu, veeru chitapai vaari maranam taruvaata gowravinchabaddaaru.
margurate yaan (puraavastu shaastravetta) "saahitya grandhaalu mariyu saasanaalu shaastreeya kaalam natiki, kishan [prastuta larnacalo] daani porugu salaamilatoe paatu pradhana sthaanika saktulalo okatigaa undani suuchistunnaayi."
alegzander dhi grate und dhi roman empire.
alegzander dhi grate pertian saamrajyaanni jayinchina taruvaata, eejiptuku chendina tolemy I cyprus dveepaanni paripaalinchaadu. athanu dveepaaniki tolemic governorga unna nicocriannu cree puu 311loe aatmahatya chesukomani balavantam chesaadu, endukante athanu tananu ika nammaledu. athani sthaanamlo modati tolemy sodarudu ayina menelas raaju vacchaadu. nicocrione encomi sameepamloni pedda tumulilo okadaanilo khananam cheyabadaali. salaameelu governor peethamgaa undipoyaaru.
cree. puu. 306loe, massedon yokka demetrius I mariyu eejiptuku chendina tolemi I yokka naukaadalaala madhya naavikaadala yuddham jarigina pradaesam salamis. demetrius yuddhamlo vijayam saadhinchi dveepaanni swaadheenam chesukunnadu.
cree. puu. 58loe, roman republic saiprasnu swaadheenam chesukundi; senate republic yokka dominionlaku saiprasnu jodinchadaaniki yuvakudini catoni niyaminchindi. chivari cypriotic raaju ayina cyprus yokka tolemy, romku longipovadaaniki badulu aatmahatya chesukunnadu.
roman kaalamlo, salamis silicia yokka roman provincelo bhaagamgaa undedi. governor sthaanaanni paphosku marcharu. yoodula perugudala samayamlo eee pattanam bhaareega nashtapoyindi. hellenistic kaalam nundi cyprus rajadhaanigaa salamis nilichipoyinappatiki, daani sthaanamlo paphos vachindi, daani sampada mariyu praamukhyata taggaledu. eee nagaraniki mukhyamgaa roman chakravartulu trajan mariyu hadrian anukuulamgaa unnaaru, vaaru daani praja bhavanalanu punaruddharinchi, sthaapinchaaru.
roman mariyu byzantine kalalalo.
roman kaalamlo salamis yokka "saamskrutika kendram" nagaram yokka uttara bhaagamlo undhi, ikkada oka vyaayaamasaala, theatre, amphitheatre, stadium mariyu bahiranga snanalu velladi cheyabaddaayi.
snanalu, bahiranga marugudodlu (44 mandhi viniyogadaarulaku), vividha chinna mosaic mukkalu, naukashraya goda, hellenistic mariyu roman agora mariyu aasrayam ichhe hakku unna geous aalayam unnaayi. byzantine avasheshaalalo bishop epiphanos yokka basilica (AD 367-403) unnaayi. idhi salamis yokka metropolitan charchiga panichesindi. St. epiphanios dakshinaana samadhi cheyabadindi. charchilo hypocast dwara vaedi cheyabadina baptistry undhi. eee charchi 7va sataabdamloo naasanam cheyabadindi mariyu daani sthaanamlo dakshinaana oka chinna bhavanam nirminchabadindi.
chaalaa vistrutamaina sidhilaalu unnaayi. theatre, mariyu vyaayaamasaala vistrutamgaa punaruddharinchabaddayi. vyaayaamasaala yokka kendra praamganamloo aneka vigrahalu pradarsinchabaddaayi, veetilo chaalaa varaku talalenivi. oka augustus vigraham modata ikkada undagaa, konni stambhaalu mariyu vigrahalu modata rangasthalaanni alankarinchaayi mariyu 4va sataabdamloo bhookampam taruvaata matrame ikkadaku teesukuvacchaaru. eee theatre aagashtu naatidi. idhi 15.000 prekshakulaku vasati kalpinchagaladu, conny 4va sataabdamloo naasanam cheyabadindi.
7va sataabdamloo naasanam cheyabadina kaithriya nundi oka jalamaargam dwara eee pattanaaniki neeru sarafara cheyabadindi. agora sameepamlo oka pedda kundalo neetini sekarinchaaru. salamis yokka necropolis ca nii cover chestundi. pattanaaniki paschimaana 7 kimmy. indulo konni aavishkaranalanu choopinche museum undhi. samadhulu rekhaganita kaalam nundi hellenistic kaalam varaku untaayi. eejipt mariyu siriya nundi digumatulato sahaa rathaalu mariyu atyanta goppa samadhi bahumatulanu kaligi unna raaja samadhulu anie pilavabadevi atyanta prasiddha samadhulu. 1965loe leone vishwavidyaalayam yokka french mission dwara tavvina samadhi, samadhi-bahumatula asaadhaarana sampadanu veluguloki tecchindi, idhi sameepa thoorputho vaanijya sambandhaalanu kooda dhruveekaristundi.
kraistava matam.
modati missionary prayaanam" anie piluvabade daanilo, apostaludaina poulu mariyu cypriot loe janminchina barnabalu tama modati gamyasthanamgaa siriya yokka antioc nundi bayataku vacchina taruvaata akkadiki cherukunnaru. akkada vaaru migilina dveepam gundaa vellae mundu yoodula samajamandiralalo kreestunu prakatinchukunnaaru (chattalu 13:1-5). barnabas alegzandrialo mariyu romlo bodhinchaadani, cree. sha. 61 loe salamis vadda raallatho kotti champabaddadani sampradaayam chebutondi. athanu cyprus charchi staapakudigaa pariganinchabaddaadu. athani emukalu athani paeru pettabadina sameepamloni mathamlo unnayani nammutaaru.
4va sataabdam praarambhamlo aneka bhookampaalu salaamila naasanaaniki daariteesaayi. eee pattanaanni constantia II (337-361) paerutoe punarnirminchaaru mariyu idhi oka episcopal sthaanamgaa maarindi, dheenilo atyanta prasiddha nivasi seyint epiphanius. chakravarthy rendava constantius salaminianlaku vaari nagara punarnirmaanaaniki matrame kakunda, swalpa kaalaaniki pannulu chellinchakundaa vaarini upasamanam cheyadam dwara kooda sahayam chesaadu, tadwara chinna sthaayilo punarnirminchina kotta nagaraniki constantia anie paeru pettaru. naukaasrayam yokka buradalu kramamga taggadaaniki daariteesaayi. 7va sataabdamloo arab dandayaatrala samayamlo muavia (paalana 661-680) vidhvamsam chesina taruvaata salamis chivaraku vidichipettabadindi. nivaasulu arsino (famagusta) kuu vellaaru.
tavvakaalu.
cyprus anveshana nidhi aadhvaryamlo pantommidava sataabdam chivaralo eee pradaesamloe puraavastu tavvakaalu prarambhamayyayi. veetilo chaalaa varaku ippudu landanlooni british museumlo unnaayi.
1952loe salamese vadda tavvakaalu mallee prarambhamayyayi mariyu 1974 varaku konasagayi. turkish dandayaatraku mundu akkada chaalaa puraavastu karyakalapalu jarigaayi; oka french mission encomilo tavvakam, marokati salamese vadda mariyu puraatana vibhagalu smaaraka chihnala marammatulu mariyu punaruddharanalatho daadaapu edaadi podavunaa bijeegaa unnaayi mariyu salamese vadda tavvakaalalo nimagnamai unnaayi. turkish dandayaatra taruvaata antarjaateeya aankshalu tavvakaala konasaagimpunu nirodhinchaayi. eee pradaesam mariyu museumlanu puraatana sevala dwara nirvahistaaru. mukhyamaina puraavastu sekaranalu eee seyint loe unchabaddaayi. barnabas matham. jilla puraavastu museumlo vyaayaamasaala mariyu salamis theatre nundi palarayi vigrahalu, mycenian kundalu mariyu encomi nundi aabharanaalu mariyu mottam jilla yokka goppa puraavastu vaarasatvaaniki praatinidhyam vahinche itara vastuvulu unnaayi. puraatana kaalam nundi aneka vigrahalu mariyu silpaalu vikruteekarinchabaddaayi, thala lekunda ledhaa vikrutamayyaayi, puraatana kaalam chivarilo roman saamrajyamlo anyamatasthula himsa samayamlo kraistava utsaahavantulu dheenini chesaaru.
salamis nagara pradaesamloe velikiteesina praja bhavanalu post-classical kaalam nativi. geous salaminios aalayam, dheeni aaradhana, sampradaayam prakaram, teaser swayamgaa, nagaram yokka punaadi nundi unikilo undaali; prastuta kaalam chivari hellenistic kaalam varaku undhi. prarambha tavvakaalu geous aalaya esplanadelo kanugonabaddayi, rekkala eddula mundu bhagala madhya nilabadi unna cariated bommatho prati vaipu chekkina apaaramaina palarayi rajadhani. ippudu british museum sekaranalo, rajadhani yokka paniteeru aspashtamgaa undhi, ayinappatikee idhi achemenid kala nundi prabhavanni suuchistumdi mariyu tatphalitamgaa cree. puu. 300 mariyu 250 madhya naatidi.

