
all-shakani

all-shahkani (1759-1834) gaa prasiddhi chendina mohammed ibn allie ibn mohammed ibn abd allah, pramukha yemeni sunni islaamik panditudu, nyaayavetta, vedanti mariyu samskarta. shavkani athari vedaantasaastram yokka atyanta prabhaavavantamaina pratipaadakulalo okaru mariyu salafi muslimlu vaari canonical panditulalo okarigaa gowravinchabaddaaru. salafi udyamam aavirbhavamlo ayana bodhanalu pradhana paatra poeshinchaayi. madhyayuga hanbali panditudu ibn taimiya bodhanalache prabhaavitamaina all-shakani "taklid" (nyaya paatasaalalanu anukarinchadam) abhyaasaaniki vyatiraekamgaa thana drudamaina vaikhariki, grandhaala yokka pratyaksha vivaranaku pilupunivvadaaniki, "kalaam" (oohaatmaka vedaantasaastram) kuu vyatiraekatatoe paatu vividha jaanapada paddhatulanu ayana "shirk" (vigraharadhana) gaa khandinchinanduku gurtinchadaginavadu.
paeru.
athani puurti paeru mohammed ibn allie ibn mohammed ibn abdullah all-shahkani. yash-shakani" anae intiperu sanaa velupala unna hizra yash-shacken pattanam nundi vachindi.
jeevita charitra.
zaidi shiya muslim kutumbamlo janminchina ashh-shahkani taruvaata sunni islam matamloki maararu. khurran mariyu hadeesula vachana muulaalaku tirigi raavaalani ayana pilupunicchaaru. phalitamgaa, shavkani zaidi siddhaantaalanu chaalaa varaku vyatirekinchaadu mariyu "khaadi" adhipatigaa unna kaalamlo yemenlalo teevramaina suuryarashmi pracharalalo palgonnadu. athanu aneka suufii aadesaala yokka sufiyism mariyu aadhyaatmika paddhatulanu kooda vyatirekinchaadu; vaatini "tauheed" (ekeshwaravaadam) kuu avamanamga bhaavinchaadu. shavkani mujtahid ledhaa adhikaramga pariganistaaru, muslim samaajamlooni itarulu mataparamaina chattam yokka vivaraalanu vaida veyavalasi untundi. fatvaalu" (nyaya teerpulu) jaarii chesina thana pani gurinchi, aash-shakani ilaa paerkonnaadu, "neenu etuvanti dhara lekunda gnaanaanni sampaadinchaanu mariyu neenu daanini ivvalanukunnanu."chaalaa mandhi pramukha panditula fatwa jaarii chese paniloo kontha bhaagam saadhaaranamgaa vyaktigata prasnakartalaku saadhaarana abhipraayaalanu ivvadaaniki ankitam cheyabadindi. ashh-shakani thana pradhana "fatvaalanu", sekarinchi, oka pustakamgaa bhadraparichaaru, mariyu athani "chinna" fatvaalanu ", athanu" ennatikee lekkinchalemu "mariyu namodu cheyabadaledani cheppadu.
vividha ryaankula scholarshiplanu saadhinchadaaniki syllabus shrenini abhivruddhi chesina ghanata aayanaku dakkindi mariyu sunni aalochana aadhaaramgaa kathinamaina nyaya vislaeshanha vyavasthanu upayoginchaaru. iztahad dwaaram moosiveyabadaledani, mujtahid yea madhab nundi swatantramgaa iztahad cheyalanedi, iztahad yokka dwaaram moosiveyabadaledani, ulamaa vachana sakshyalanu adagalani ayana pattubattaru, eee abhiprayam mujtaahidku "taklid" nuu vyatirekinchadam nundi udbhavinchindi, idhi sharia vidhinchabadina oka dushprabhaavam anie ayana bhaavinchaaru. mataaniki pradhana vanarulaina grandhaalaku dhooramgaa undatam valla muslim samajam ksheeninchindani all-shakani nokki chepparu. anduvalla ayana "taklid" suutraanni khandinchi, muslimlu edurkontunna samasyalaku parishkaramga "iztihad" (swatantra nyaayaparamaina tarkam) nuu pratipaadinchaaru. shavkani "madhabla" nuu longani anukarananu oka rakamaina shirk (bahudevataradhana) gaa polchadu mariyu matabhrashtata yokka atuvanti paddatini prothsahistunna panditulanu nindinchaadu.
all-shakani "nayil all-authar" anae pustakaanni rachinchaadu, idhi islaamik chattamlo pradhana suuchana. athanu "shirk" (bahudevataradhana) gaa bhaavinchina vividha prasiddha aadhyaatmika paddhatulanu khandistu aneka grandhaalanu kooda raasaadu. idhe vidhamaina abhipraayaalanu samarthinchina samakaaleena arabia islaamik samskarta mohammed ibn abd all-wahab (1703-1792) nuu ayana prasamsimchaaru mariyu thana yemeni vedaanta pratyarthulanu uttara pratyuttaramlo khandinchaaru. ibn abd all-wahab maranam vinna taruvaata, shavkani shirknu nirmuulinchadaaniki, "tauhid" nuu rakshinchadaaniki mariyu khurran mariyu hadeesulaku ayana chesina pilupunu prasamsistuu oka kavita raasaadu. shaastreeya vedanti taaki all-dhin ibn taimiya (1263-1328 CE/661-728 ah) siddhaantaalanu "tauhid" mariyu "shirk" paie punaruddharistuu, shahkani saadhuvula aaraadhanalo ("all-kuburiyun") paalgonevaarini khuraish yokka anyamata arabbulatho poolchaaru.
yemen mansur allie yokka imam 1795loe shaavkaneeni yemen yokka pradhana "khaadi" gaa niyaminchaadu, eee padavini athanu thana maranam varaku nirvahinchaadu. aneka zaidi vedaanta, nyaya siddhaantaalaku grandhaalalo aadharam ledani vaadistuu, athanu jaidismpai saktivantamaina vimarsha chesaadu. intalo, jaidilu tama "ahl all-beyth" (pravachanaatmaka kutumbam) yokka imamlaku sunni hadeesula sekaranala kante balamaina adhikaram undani vishwasinchaaru; idhi shavkani vidhaanaaniki adhika kendramgaa undhi. anyaayamaina palakulanu tolaginchi, avasaramaite balavantamgaa nyaayamaina "imam" dwara bharti cheyaalani zaidi siddhaantaalu nirdesinchaayi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, all-shakani palakulaku, arhatalu laeni anyaayasthulaku kooda vidheyata avasaramayye nissabda sunni siddhaantaaniki maddatu icchaadu. anduvalla, yemen paalaka khasimid raajavamsam vaari rajavamsa palananu chattabaddham chesina all-shakani vanti panditulaku maddatu ichindi. 
1795 nundi 1834 varaku pradhana nyayamurthiga, shavkani thana samskaranavaada prajectunu prabhutva maddatutoe amalu chesi, thana vidyaarthulaloo chaalaa mandini prabhaavavantamaina padavullo unchaaru, vaaru taruvaata 21va sataabdamloo thana vaarasatvaanni konasaaginchaaru. 1796 mariyu 1802loe sunni sampradaayavaadulu mariyu zaidi shiyala madhya veedhi gharshanala samayamlo, shavkani sunneelaku thodugaa undamani khasimid palakulanu oppinchagaligaadu. shavkani yokka sunnitatva prayatnaalu mariyu rashtra vidhaanaalanu vimarsinchina zaidi panditudu ibn hariva 1825loe uriteeyabadaalani kooda ayana pracharam chesaaru. shavkani mariyu itara sunni panditula adhikaarika prothsaaham kaaranamgaa, zaidi mataguruvulu shavkani mariyu athani vidyaarthula hadeesula-kendrikruta vidhananni vyaapti cheyalekapoyaru; vaaru zaidi imamla abhiprayalapai sunni "hadeesulu" adhikaranni samarthinchaaru. anduvalla, "ahl all-hadeet" paatasaala namoonaga oka saakhanu srushtinchadam dwara jaidijamnu anagadokkadaaniki prayatninchinatlu jaidilu shavkani chuusaaru. 
mansur kaaryadarsigaa vyavaharinchina shavkani 1807 mariyu 1813 madhya diria emirate naayakulatoe tarachugaa sambhaashinchevaaru. soudhi palakulanu samarthistuu, shavkani vaaru khawariz nundi vachinaarane aaropanalanu khandinchaaru, endukante vaaru madeenaa panditula nundi hadeesunu neerchukunna ibn abd all-vahaabnu anusarinchaaru mariyu vaaru hanbali panditulu ibn taimiya mariyu ibn khaim all-jaujia abhiprayalapai vyavaharistuu nazd loe prabalamgaa unna andhavishwaasaalaku vyatiraekamgaa pracharam chesaaru. pradhana nyayamurthiga thana 39 samvatsaraala padaveekaalamlo shavkani chesina samskarana prayatnaalu yemen mataparamaina prakruti drushyaanni praathamikamgaa marchai. 1834loe ayana maraninche samayaniki, khasimid paalakulu sunni islaamnu puurtigaa sweekarinchaaru. 
vaarasatvam.
mohammed all-shakani thana kaalamlooni atyanta phalavantamaina hadeesulalo okarigaa vistrutamgaa pariganinchabaddaadu; athani aalochanalu taruvaati salafi udyamaalanu prabhaavitam chesaayi. madhyayuga vedanti ibn taimiya rachanala punaruddharanalo ayana pradhana paatra pooshinchaaru. mohammed ibn ibraheem all-wazir (mama. 1436 c.ii). saadaalooni salaafeelu, taruvaata yash-shaakaneeni medho purvagaamigaa paerkonnaaru. bhavishyat yemeni paalanalu deshaanni ekikrutam chese ayana sunnita vidhaanaalanu samarthistaayi, "islaamik samskarana" anae vistruta label kinda zaidi shiyaajamnu anagadokkadaaniki ayana bodhanalanu prerepistaayi. shavkani wahabi mariyu vividha salafi udyamaala anucharulu athani yuganiki chendina "muzaddid" gaa pramukhamgaa bhaavistaaru.
yemenku minchi, athani rachanalu sunni paatasaalallo vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadutunnaayi. athanu bhaarata upakhandamloni ahl-ii hadeesunu (siddiq husson khaan vantivi) mariyu prapanchavyaaptamgaa unna salaafeelanu kooda teevramgaa prabhaavitam chesaadu. samadhi sandarsanalu, samadhi pooja mariyu vigraharadhana ("shirk") lanu khandinche "ahl-ii hadis" saahityamlo ekkuva bhaagam yemeni panditya saahityam aadhaaramgaa roopondinchabadindi, mukhyamgaa ibn taimiya mariyu ibn kayeem rachanalanu anusarinchina all-shakani. athani rachanalaku gurtimpugaa, siddiq husson khaan all-shahkani ibn taimiya, ibn khaim mariyu ibn all-'ameer all-sanaaneetho paatu "hafaz all-islam" (islam yokka goppa samrakshakulu) loe okarigaa paerkonnaadu. ahl-ii hadeesutho paatu", vahabilu tarachugaa shavkani chattabaddhata kosam suuchistaaru; ibn 'abd all-vahaabku ayana maddatunu udaharinchaaru.
falsafa" (islaamik tatvasaastram), "kalaam" (panditya vedaantasaastram), "isra 'iliyat", mataviswaasaala modalaina vatiki vyatiraekata vanti ibn taimiya siddhaantaalanu samardhinchina sampradaayavaada paatasaalaku shavkani pramukha pratinidhigaa unnaaru. khurran" yokka saahityaparamaina vivaranalanu nokki cheppadam. shaa valiullah dehlawi (1703-1762 c.ii), 18va sataabdam mariyu 19va sataabdam praarambhamlo punarujjeevana dhoranula yugamlo shavkani "tafsir" (khurran vivarana) rangaaniki gananeeyamaina krushi chesaaru. athanu 1814loe thana praathamika "khurran" vyakhyanam "fath all-khadir" nuu puurti chesaadu, idhi konni dasaabdaala kritam shaa valiullah sankalanam chesina "fauz all-kabir" anae "tafsir" rachanatho visaeshamaina kramabaddhamaina saaruupyatalanu pradarsinchindi. shavkani yokka khurran vivaranalu grandha paripuurnatapai drudamaina nammakanni pradarsinchaayi; idhi "khurran" mariyu "sunnah" yokka aksharartha ardhaalu matrame vivaranaku adhikaarika vanarulugaa undaalani samarthinchindi. "fath all-khadir" "bhavishyat samskaranavaada vivaranaatmaka prayatnaalaku punaadi vesindi; siddiq husson khaan yokka" "fath all-bayan", "syrian salafi samskarta jamal all-dhin khasimi yokka atyanta prastaavinchabadina" "mahasin all-tavil" "mariyu mohammed rasheed rida yokka sanchalanaatmaka" "tafsir all-manar" "vantivi".
pani chestundi.
ayana "150 kii paiga pustakaalanu (veetilo chaalaa varaku bahula samputaala rachanalu) rachinchina oka paandityavantudu, phalavantamaina mariyu asalaina rachayita" gaa varninchabaddaadu, ayana prachurinchina konni prachuranalu, veetilo konnih