pratyaksha dhoora dial

direct distains dialing (ddd) anedi uttara americalo oka telecommunication servies feature, dheeni dwara coll chesevaaru, operator sahayam lekunda, sthaanika coll praantam velupala unna yea itara viniyogadaaruniki coll cheyavachu. chandaadaarulu neerugaa dial cheyadaaniki saadhaaranamgaa gamyasthana directory telephone nambarku upasargalugaa adanapu ankelanu dial cheyalsi untundi. antarjaateeya pratyaksha dhoora dial (ii. dii. dii. dii) uttara america sankhya pranaalika (enn. eah. pii) yokka bhougolika sarihaddulaku minchi vyavasthanu vistaristundi.
charitra.
anglewood mariyu teanech yokka newjersey communitylalo modati pratyaksha-sambhaashana suduura telephone calls sadhyamayyayi. newyork nagara praantamloo ippatike telephone nambarlanu dial cheyagala anglewood 3, anglewood 4 mariyu teanech 7 exchangeela viniyogadaarulu, moodu ankela area code mariyu edu ankela directory nambarnu dial cheyadam dwara united states antataa padakondu pradhana nagaralaku calls cheyavachu. sthaanika telephone numberlalo ippatikee kendra karyalaya paeru yokka modati rendu aksharalu mariyu aidu ankelu undevi. 1951 november 10naa, anglewood mayer emm. lessie denning mottamodati customer-dial chesina suduura coll, californialoni almeda mayer fraank osbornku chesaaru.
aaa samayamlo suduura toll-swichtho kuudina gamyasthanalu mariyu vaati praanta sanketalu
itara praantaalaku avasaramaina toll switching parikaraalu lenanduna ledhaa vaaru inca edu ankela sthaanika sankhya pranaalikanu upayoginchananduna vaatini inca dii. dii. dii. loe cherchalekapoyaru. udaaharanaku, kenadaaloni montrial, cubec, mariyu torranto, antariolo 1951 nundi 1957 varaku aaru mariyu edu ankela telephone numberla misramam undedi, 1958 varaku ddd ledhu. white haars, yucan, 1965 nundi edu ankela sankhyalanu kaligi undhi, conny avasaramaina marpidi parikaraalu 1972 varaku laevu.
taatkaalika routing avasaraala kaaranamgaa shaan fraansiskoku pratyeka area code 318 avasaram. shaan francisco mariyu oklaandlaku okkokkati tama sonta toll-switchlanu kaligi unnaayi, kabatti tudi gamyanni batti kaalsnu ruut cheyalsi vachindi. aaa samayamlo upayoginchina telephone parikaraalu moodu ankela anuvaadaanni matrame nirvahinchagaliginanduna, rendu praantaala madhya thedaanu gurtinchadaaniki area code 318 yokka taatkaalika upayogam avasaram. shaan francisco mariyu bangaaru dwaaraaniki uttaraana unna praantaalanu paerkonadaaniki area code 318 tatkalikamga upayoginchabadindi, ayithe oklaand mariyu thoorpu beloni gamyasthaanaalato calls area code 415 nuu upayoginchadam konasaginchayi. electromechanical card-translator baaks 1952-53 samayamlo kontakaalam andubaatulo unnappudu, aaru ankela anuvaadam saadhyamaindi mariyu area code 318 vadakam ikapai avasaram ledhu. bhavishyat upayogam kosam area code 318 tirigi pondabadindi (ippudu uttara louisianaku area kodga upayoginchabadindi), mariyu mottam shaan francisco bay praantam area code code upayoginchadaaniki tirigi vachindi.
hardware.
nem. naalugu-wire circuitlanu maarchadaaniki mariyu incoming operator sthaanamlo 4 cross baar switching vyavastha 1940la praarambhamlo pravesapettabadindi. panel switch prarambha rojulaku saaruupyamaina semee automatic operation thoo, muulam nagaramloni operator saraina nagaraniki connect cheyadaaniki access kodnu dial cheyadaaniki mariyu edu ankela sankhyanu mugimpu nagaramloni incoming parikaraalaku pampadaaniki multifrequency keepyaadnu upayoginchaaru. eee roopakalpananu dii. dii. dii. kii andinchadaaniki marinta meruguparachabadindi.
4a/cts (sankhya 4a cross baar/card translator system) yokka card saartar viniyogadaarudu dial chesina kendra karyalaya code number yokka aaru ankela anuvaadaanni anumatinchindi. idhi upayoginchadaaniki saraina trunk circuitlanu nirnayinchindi, ikkada oklaand mariyu shaan francisco vishayamlo vale oke area kodlo vividha nagaralaku pratyeka circuit samuuhaalanu upayoginchaaru. kotta parikaram suutrapraayamgaa computer punch kaardula maadirigaane metal kaardulanu upayoginchindi, avi kaanti punjam daati padipoyinappudu vaegamgaa skaan cheyabaddaayi. anuvaadakudini asalu samsthaapanalo cherchinatlayithe cts yantraalanu 4a (adhunaatana) anie, taruvaata jodinchinatlayithe 4m (savarinchina) anie pilicheevaaru. 4xb yokka 1970la version, 4a/ets, anuvadinchadaaniki computernu upayoginchindi. antarjaateeya dialing kosam, traaphik servies position system (tii. ess. pii. ess) adanapu computer saktini andinchindi.
parikaraalanu maarchadamlo asamarthatha mariyu kharchu mariyu puurti chesina calls recordulanu proses chese parimita saamarthyam kaaranamgaa ddd yokka paridhi parimitam cheyabadindi. prarambha avarodham emitante, chaalaa varaku marpidi vyavasthalu svayamchaalaka sankhya gurtimpu (anie) nii andinchavu. 1xb switch vanti saadhaarana niyantrana switchlu, chaalaa twaragaa tirigi amarchabadi, chaalaa varaku 5xb switchlu praarambhamlo anie sevalatho vyavasthapinchabaddaayi. panel switch chivariki tirigi amarchabadindi, alaage konni dasala vaarii vyavasthalu takshanam bharti cheyadaaniki schedule cheyabadaledu. oka switchlo anee unnappatikee, party linelalo coll chesinavaarini gurtinchalekapoyindi. rendu paarteela shrenulaku tip-party gurtimpu dwara matrame idhi paakshikamgaa adhigaminchabadindi. chandaadaarula line carrier kharchu taggadamtho, party linelu kramamga tolaginchabaddaayi.
idhi mariyu itara merugaina saanketikatalu andubaatulo unnanduna, alaage suduura recordulanu customer billulugaa proses cheyadaaniki automatic message accounting (amaa) computerlu andubaatuloki raavadamtho, raavadamtho ddd yokka paridhi nemmadigaa undedi, conny 1960la praarambhamlo vegavantam cheyabadindi. electronic switching vyavasthalu dial chesina ankelanu electronic prosessing cheyadaaniki anumatinchaayi, coll routingnu nirnayinchadaaniki electronic memarylanu suuchistaayi, mariyu digital telephone ekschenjeelato idhi atyaadhunika sthithiki cherukundi, ivi praathamikamgaa oka "paridheeya" nundi marokadaaniki vois traafiknu digital detaga maargapariche pratyeka computerlu. coll routing ippudu area code, central office code mariyu line number yokka modati rendu ankela aadhaaramgaa kooda cheyavachu, ayithe central office code daati ankela aadhaaramgaa routing saadhaaranamgaa pootii sthaanika marpidi vahakalu, number pooling mariyu number portability kesulaku parimitam cheyabadutundi.
ii. dii. dii.
dii, desheeya marpidi inca konasaagutunnanduna, uttara america (aneka carabian deevulatoo sahaa) daati pratyaksha dhoora dialnu vistarinchadaaniki pranaalikalu roopondinchabaddaayi. kontamandi chandaadaarulu 1957 lone iteevala puurtayina atlantic cable dwara inglaandku konni gamyasthaanaalaku neerugaa atlantic telephone kaalsnu dial cheyavachu. direct distains dialing yokka kotta kramabaddhamaina podigimpu abhivruddhi cheyabadindi mariyu marchi marchi international direct distains dialing (ii. dii. dii. dii) gaa pravesapettabadindi.
ippatike pani chestunna chaalaa kotta parikaraalu avasaramaina padhi ankela ddd telephone nambarlanu nirvahinchalekapovadamtho, kotta vyavastha chaalaa toll karyalayalu mottam antarjaateeya telephone nambarnu nilva chesi forward cheyalsina avasaram laeni designlapy aadharapadi undhi. newyork, london mariyu paarislalo gateway karyalayalu erpaatu cheyabaddaayi, ivi saadhaarana automatic toll netvarkku anusandhaninchabaddayi. newyork gateway americaloni 32 avenue vadda undhi. 435 paschima 50va veedhi padava antastulo unna kotta kotta elti1 switch kotta prarambha registerlanu mariyu nishkramana pampevaaru padihenu ankela telephone nambarlanu nirvahinchagalige saamarthyaanni kaligi undhi, puurti gurtulu mariyu itara parikaraalaku tagina maarpulatoe. taruvaati konni samvatsaraalalo itara 5xb switchlu asalu parikaramgaa ii. dii. dii. dii. thoo vyavasthapinchabaddaayi, mariyu mandagistundi ess. ess. sii. karyalayalu kooda eee sevanu andinchaayi.
kotta vyavasthaku keelakam rendu-dasala bahula-pounahpunya pulsing. avtgoing pampinavaaru thana 4va taragati toll centarku eppatilaage off-hook signalnu pampaaru, eppatilaage "pampadaaniki munduku saagandi" signal laaga kallemlaa chuupimchaaru mariyu pratyeka moodu ankela (taruvaata aaru ankela) access kodnu matrame adhigaminchaaru. toll center gateway kaaryaalayaaniki suduura network dwara oka trunknu enchukundi, idhi rendava kallemnu muulam kaaryaalayaaniki pampindi, aapai mottam dial chesina sankhyanu pampindi. anduvalla toll switching vyavasthaku gateway vadda tappa etuvanti maarpu avasaram ledhu. antarjaateeya trunklu signalling system nem. 5, uttara america bahula-pounahpunya sankethaala vyavastha yokka "uttara atlantic" version, konchem ekkuva ankela retutho sahaa chinna maarpulatoe. aaa kaalamlooni european mf vyavasthalu balavantapu signalingnu upayoginchaayi, idhi sudeergha transotianic connectionpy chaalaa mandagistundi.
mandagistundi, traaphik servies position system (tii. ess. pii. ess) nuu jodinchadam dwara toll centerlanu savarinchaaru. eee kotta computerlu amallo unnanduna, toll vyavasthalo ankela nilva ikapai samasyaga ledhu. tudi karyalayalu takkuva vistrutamgaa savarinchabaddaayi, mariyu vaati ankelannintinii oke pravaahamlo pampai. gateway kaaryaalayaaniki toll connectionla gateway kodlu mariyu itara sanklishtatalanu tii. ess. pii. ess. nirvahinchindi.
united kingdamlo samaanamaina seva.
united kingdom mariyu commonwealth deshaalaloni itara praantaalalo, pratyaksha dhoora dialingku samaanamaina seva subscriber trunk dialing (estidi), mariyu antarjaateeya subscriber trunk dialing kosam idhi cheyabadutundi. raani elizabeth II 1958 december 5naa standnu praarambhinchindi, aame bristol nundi edinbergku coll chesi lard provostto matladindi.

