
mukhamukhi sampradimpula siddhaantam

mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantam anedi 1985loe stella ting-tomy roopondinchina oka siddhaantam, vividha samskrutulaku chendina prajalu sambandhaalu mariyu vibhedaalanu elaa nirvahistaaro ardham chesukovadaniki. eee siddhaantam itarulatoe sambhashinchetappudu "mukham" ledhaa sweeya-chitraanni, samskrutulalo vyaapinchina saarvatrika drugvishayamgaa perkondi. sangharshanhalalo, okari mukham bedirinchabadutundi; anduvalla aaa vyakti athani ledhaa aame mukhanni rakshinchadaaniki ledhaa punaruddharinchadaaniki moggu chuuputaadu. eee siddhaantam prakaram, eee sambhaashanhaatmaka pravartanala samitini "faces work" antaaru. prajalu "mukham" anae padaaniki unna ardhaanni roopondinchi, "mukham meeda pani" nii oka samskruti nundi maroka samskrutiki bhinnamgaa amalu chestaaru kabatti, eee siddhaantam mukham meeda pani charchalanu pariseelinchadaaniki saamskrutika-saadhaarana chatraanni pradarsistundi. mukham yokka nirvachanam prajalu mariyu vaari samskrutini batti maarutundani gamaninchadam mukhyam mariyu faces work yokka naipunhyam kosam kooda adhe cheppavacchu.
nepathyam.
eee siddhaantamlo, "mukham" anedi sweeya-chitraaniki oka roopakam, idhi rendu chainees bhavanalu taatkaalika hakku mariyu mianji nundi udbhavinchindi. taatkaalika hakku anedi siggu, samagrata, ksheenata mariyu gourava samasyalanu kaligi unna antargata naitika mukham. marovaipu, mean-tsu anedi saamaajika gurtimpu, sthaanam, adhikaram, prabhavam mariyu adhikaaramtho kuudina bahya saamaajika mukham.
erving gofman samakaaleena paaschaatya parisoedhanaloo "mukham" nuu kooda sthaapinchaadu mariyu taatkaalika hakku mariyu mien-tsu anae padaalanu gurtimpu mariyu ahamgaa bhaavinchaadu. mukham anedi okari anchanaa vesina image kosam oka aandolana anie, idhi takshana mariyu aakasmikamainadi mariyu saamaajika paraspara charya yokka dynamicsto mudipadi undani ayana paerkonnaaru. mukham anedi pradarsanalo oka bhaagam anie kooda goffman paerkonnaadu, dheenilo pradarsana anedi prati vyakti itarulanu prabhaavitam cheyadaaniki upayoginche rojuvaaree karyakalapam. mukham" yokka paniteeru itarula manchi kosam kaavacchu ledhaa adhi okari sonta manchi kosam kaavacchu. tadanugunamgaa, "faces work" anedi sweeya mariyu praja line madhya sthirathvaanni konasaaginchadaaniki teesukunna charyalanu suuchistumdi. mukhaniki chese pani yokka rendu roopaalu punaruddharana mariyu nivaarana. punaruddharana faces work anedi mukham kolpoyina tarvaata daanni tirigi sthaapinche charya; nivaarana mukham anedi mukham kolpoyina muppunu kaapaadataaniki communicate chese charya. maryaadapai penelope braun mariyu stephen levinson chesina tadupari parisoedhana mukham kosam korika anedi saarvatrika aandolana anie suuchistumdi. mukham anedi vyakti yokka rendu korikalanu suuchimchagaladani braun mariyu levinson suuchimchaaru-itarula aamodam avasaramayye saanukuula mukham mariyu okari charyalu ledhaa aalochanalu itarulache addamkulu lekunda undaalsina pratikuula mukham. anduvalla maryaada yokka mukhanni rakshinche drukpathamlo paraspara charya kante palgonevari korikalu ekkuva praamukhyata kaligi untaayi. vaastavaaniki, parisoedhakulu braun mariyu levinson mukham "bhavodvegaparamga pettubadi pettabadinadi, mariyu kolpovachhu, nirvahinchabadavachhu ledhaa meruguparachavacchu, mariyu paraspara charyalo nirantaram shraddha vahinchaali" anie abhiprayapaddaru. ayithe, levinson mariyu braun samskruti-nirdishta nibandhanalanu parishkarinchaledu, anduke ting-toomy eee siddhaantamlo alaa cheyaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru.
ting-toomy eee aalochananu vistarinchi, oka vyakti yokka anukuulamaina saamaajika sweeya-chitram yokka bhaavamgaa bhaavinche mukhanni oka sambandha mariyu network sandarbhamlo bhaavinchaadu. faces work anedi sweeya-mukhanni amalu cheyadaaniki mariyu avatali vyakti mukhanni samarthinchadaaniki, savaalu cheyadaaniki/bedirinchadaaniki ledhaa maddatu ivvadaaniki upayoginche sambhaashana pravartanala samuhaluga nirvachinchabadindi.
eee bhavanalu mariyu chatraalatho, mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantam antar saamskrutika sangharshana sailulanu parisoedhimchimdi. grahinchina ledhaa vaastava sangharshana thedaalu moodu samasyala chuttoo tirugutaih vishayam, sambandham mariyu gurtimpu. content sangharshana anedi palgonna vyaktiki velupala unna gananeeyamaina samasyalanu suuchistumdi. relational conflict anedi vyaktulu aaa nirdishta sangharshana episodelo nirdishta sambandhaanni elaa nirvachinchaalo ledhaa nirvachinchaalanukuntunnaar suuchistumdi. gurtimpu-aadhaarita sangharshana gurtimpu nirdhaarana-tiraskarana, gowravam-agouravam mariyu aamodam-approval vanti samasyalaku sambandhinchinadi. eee vidhamgaa, gurtimpu samasyalu samskruti aadhaarita mukha-orientation kaarakaalato daggari sambandham kaligi untaayi. mukhaniki muppu kaliginche episode anedi gurtimpu anchanaa ullanghana episode. anduvalla, mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantam sangharshana, mukhyamgaa antar saamskrutika sangharshananu, rendu paraspara aadhaarita sangharshana paarteela nundi churukaina mukha nirvahananu korukune paristhitigaa chustundi. mukhamukhi charchalalo, vyaktulu itarulatoe matrame kakunda tamatho kooda mukhamukhi charchalu jaruputaarani kooda gamaninchavacchu.
eee siddhaantam daani srushti nundi aneka punaraavruttula dwara vellindi. edu anchanaalu mariyu 12 pratipaadanala 1988 version, edu anchanaalu mariyu 32 pratipaadanala 1998 version, mariyu edu anchanaalu mariyu 24 pratipaadanala yokka iteevali 2005 version unnaayi.
bhagalu.
oohagaanaalu.
mukham mariyu mukham yokka pani anedi saarvatrika drugvishayam. mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantam drukpatham mukham yokka unna ardham mariyu mukhapu pani yokka amalupai samskruti yokka prabhavanni nokki chebutundi. anduvalla, siddhaantam ilaa bhaavistundih
vargeekaranalu.
mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantam pradhanamgaa aidu setla itivruttaalato vyavaharistundihi mukha dhorani ledhaa aandolanalu, mukha kadalikalu, mukha charya paraspara vyuuhaalu, sangharshana communication sailulu mariyu mukha content domainlu. 2005 siddhaantam yokka samskaranalo, aidu nepathya samuuhaalanu "pradhana vargeekaranalu" gaa suuchistaaru.
mukha vaikharulu.
mukha dhorani mukha sandhaanakarta sangharshana sandeshaala yokka drushtini mariyu saktini yea drushtini nirdesistundo nirnayistundi. vividha antarleena saamskrutika viluvala valla kalige vividha aandolanala kaaranamgaa, mukha sandhaanakartalu sweeya-mukham (okari swantha chitram), itara mukham (itara sangharshana party chitram) ledhaa paraspara mukham (rendu paarteela chitram mariyu/ledhaa sambandham yokka chitram) vaipu moggu chuupavachchu.
udaaharanaku, united states, germany mariyu grate britton vanti vyaktivaada samskrutulalo, vyaktigata hakkulu, swechhalu mariyu "meere cheyandi" vaikhariki goppa viluva undhi. japan, soudhi arabia mariyu columbia vanti saamuuhika samskrutulalo vyaktula swaatantraanni prothsahinche vyaktula samskrutulugaa vyaktigata samskrutulu pariganinchabadataayi, "memu" verses columbia vanti vatiki ekkuva viluva ivvabadutundi. "ii". samuuham yokka avasaralu vyakti yokka avasaralanu adhigamistaayi, tadwara swaatantryam ledhaa vyaktivaadam swaarthapooritamainadigaa pariganinchabadutundi. prapanchamlooni moodinta oka vanthu prajalu vyaktivaada samaajamlo nivasistunnaaru, migilina moodinta rendu vantulu saamuuhika samskrutulatoe gurtinchabaddaaru.
mukha dhoranilo shakti dhooram anae bhavana kooda untundi. pedda adhikara dhoora samskrutulaku chendina prajalu asamaana adhikara pampineelanu angeekaristaaru, vayassu, lingam mariyu paatralu vanti sthirapadina sopanakramampai aadhaarapadataaru, kevalam saamaajika rank matrame kaadu, bahumatulu mariyu aankshalu saamaajika sthaanam meeda aadharapadi untaayani ardham chesukuntaru. chinna shakti dhoora samskrutulaku chendina prajalu samaana shakti pampinheelu, samaroopa sambandhaalu mariyu paniteeru aadhaaramgaa bahumatulu mariyu aankshalanu gouravistaaru. denmark chinna shakti dhooram samskrutiki oka udaaharana, ayithe japan pedda shakti dhooram samskrutini kaligi undhi; vidyut dhooram vishayamlo united states madhyalo unnatlu pariganinchabadutundi.
geert hofstead yokka parisoedhana aadhaaramgaa, mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantam vyaktivaadam mariyu shakti dhooram rendu ververu koonaalu ayinappatikee, avi paraspara sambandham kaligi unnayani perkondi. atyanta vyaktigata samskrutulu shakti dhooram takkuvagaa untaayi, mariyu dheeniki viruddhamgaa untaayi.
saamskrutika-sthaayi saamuuhikata-vyaktivaadam mariyu adhikara dhooramtho paatu, mukhamukhi-charchalo vyaktigata-sthaayi sweeya-nirmaanaatmakata kooda untundi. sweeya-nirmaana anedi mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantamlo nirmaanaaniki vyaktigata sthaayi, mariyu idhi saamskrutika vairudhyaalanu ardham chesukovadaniki adanapu pratyamnaayamgaa pariganinchabadutundi, mariyu idhi saamskrutika vaividhyam thoo kooda daggari sambandham kaligi untundi. rendu rakaala sweeya-nirmaanaalu unnaih swatantra sweeya-nirmaana mariyu paraspara aadhaarita sweeya-nirmaana. swatantra sweeya-nirmaana anedi prajalu tamanu taamu vivikta samsthagaa bhaavinche goppa sthaayini suuchistumdi, ayithe marinta paraspara aadhaarapadina sweeya-nirmaana vyaktulu paraspara sambandhamlo tamanu taamu antarbhaagamgaa bhaavinchukuntaaru. goodiconst prakaram, vyaktigata samskrutulalo, swatantra sweeya-nirmaana prabalamgaa untundi, ayithe saamuuhika samskrutulalo, prajalu paraspara aadhaarita sweeya-nirmaanamtho ekkuva sambandham kaligi untaaru.
mukha kadalikalu.
mukha kadalika anedi sangharshana episodelo itara mukhaniki vyatiraekamgaa sweeya-mukhanni nirvahinchaalaa, rakshinchaalaa mariyu/ledhaa upgraded cheyala anie enchukovadamlo sandhaanakarta edurkone empikalanu suuchistumdi. sweeya-mukham, mea vyaktigata chitram mariyu itara-mukham, mukha kadalikalanu nirvachinche pratyarthi yokka image gurinchi madhyavartiki naalugu avakaasaalu unnaih
oka sandhaanakarta thana mukham bedirimpulaku gurayyindani bhaavinchadaaniki aneka paristhitulanu teevramgaa bhaavinchaalani ting-toomy nokkichepparu; ullanghinchabadina saamskrutikamgaa aamodinchabadina mukha kavacham yokka praamukhyata, samskrutula madhya pedda dhooram kaaranamgaa apanamakam yokka bhavalu, sangharshana amsam yokka praamukhyata, rendu paarteela madhya adhikara dhooram mariyu avt group sabhyuluga paarteela avagahana anevi anni paristhitulu, ivi mukhanni bedirinche communication jaragadaniki pradhanamgaa undaali. oka vyakti sangharshanhalo palgontada ledhaa anedi paristhitini elaa edurkontadane daanipai aadharapadi untundi.
vyaktigata samskrutilo, sangharshanaku entha ekkuva sweeya-mukham muppu kaligiste, aaa vyakti daadiloo palgone avakaasam antha ekkuvagaa untundi. paraspara-mukha aandolana mukhyamaina saamuuhika samskrutilo, paristhitini saantaparachadaaniki sangharshananu nivaarinchadam prabalamgaa undavacchu. saamuuhika communicatorlaku oka parishkaranni kanugonadamlo purogati saadhinchadaaniki moodava paksha sampradimpulu kooda avasaram kaavacchu.
faces work paraspara charya vyuuhaalu.
vistruta sthaayilo, vyaktivaada samskrutulu marinta pratyakshamaina, takkuva sandarbham gala mukhamukhito panicheestaayi, praadhaanyata kosam moukhika sambhaashana mariyu asaabdika haavabhaavaalaku praadhaanyata istayi. saamuuhika samskrutulu asaabdika suukshmabaedhaalanu nokkicheppe marinta paroksha, adhika sandarbham gala mukhachitramlo panicheestaayi. moodu prabalamaina faces work vyuuhaalu unnaih aadhipatyam, nivaarinchadam mariyu ekikrutam cheyadam. aadhipatyam kaligina mukha pradarsana anedi sangharshananu geluchukovalane lakshyamtho vishwasaneeyamaina imagenu konasaaginchadaaniki prayatninchadam dwara vargeekarinchabadutundi. sangharshananu parokshamgaa edurkovadam dwara sambandhamlo samarasyanni kaapaadukune mukhaniki pani chese prayatnaalanu nivaarinchandi. mukhanni samalekhanam cheyadam anedi vishaya parishkaarampai mariyu sambandhaanni konasaginchadampai drushti pedutundi.
mukha aandolana-dhorani konamtho paatu, paristhitiki mundu (nivaarana), samayamlo mariyu taruvaata (punaruddharana) faces work panichestundi. nivaarana faces work anedi muppu sambhavinche mundu mukham-nashtanni tagginche prayatnam. nivaarana viewhalalo dhruvikarana patram, suspend chesina teerpu kosam appeal cheyadam, mundastu bahirgatam, mundastu kshamaapana, rakshana mariyu niraakaranalu unnaayi. saamuuhika samskrutulu vyaktigata samskrutula kante ekkuva nivaarana vyuuhaalanu upayogistaayi. kolpoyina mukhanni saricheyadaaniki punaruddharinche mukha pani prayatnaalu. punaruddharana viewhalalo saakulu, samarthanalu, pratyaksha dookudu, haasyam, saareeraka nivaarana, nishkriyaatmaka dookudu, egavetha mariyu kshamaapanalu unnaayi. saamuuhika samskrutula kante vyaktigata samskrutulu punaruddharana mukhachitraanni upayoginche avakaasam ekkuvagaa undhi.
mukhanni rakshinche vyuuhaalanu upayoginchadam dwara mukhanni rakshinche shaili sangharshana sailulaku bhinnamgaa untundi, veetini sangharshana episodku mundu, samayamlo ledhaa taruvaata upayoginchavacchu mariyu vividha gurtimpu-bedirimpu mariyu gurtimpu-rakshana paristhitulalo upayoginchavacchu. eee vyuuhaalu sangharshana lakshya samasyalaku minchi sambandha sambandhaalapai mariyu gurtimpunu edurkovadampai drushti saarinchaayi. sangharshana sailulu anevi sangharshana paristhitiloo nimagnam kaavadaaniki ledhaa vidipovadaaniki upayoginche nirdishta vyuuhaalu. okari mukham bedirinchabadinappudu nivaarana mariyu punaruddharana mukha-pani vyuuhaalu saadhaaranamgaa upayoginchabadataayi.
sangharshana communication sailulu.
sangharshana shaili anedi okari samskrutilo saanghikeekarana dwara abhivruddhi chendina neerchukunna pravartanalanu kaligi untundi. raheem sangharshana sailula vargeekarananu rendu konaalugaa aadhaaramgaa chesukunnadu. modati konam sweeya shraddhanu pradarsistundi, vyakti thana sonta mukhanni ledhaa thana samskrutini kapadukovadam entha mukhyamo (idhi adhika nundi takkuva konasagimpu aadhaaramgaa rate cheyabadindi) mariyu rendavadi itarulaku aandolana, vyakti thana sonta mukhanni nirvahinchadamlo sahayapadatam entha mukhyam (adhika nundi takkuva konasagimpu aadhaaramgaa kooda rate cheyabadindi). sangharshananu edurkovataniki aidu sailulanu roopondinchadaaniki rendu koonaalu kalapabadataayi. vyakti thana mukhanni mariyu marokari mukhanni kapadukovadam yokka praamukhyata aadhaaramgaa sangharshananu nirvahinche sailini enchukuntaadu. 
2000loe ting-toomy, otjel mariyu yee-jung anevi asalu aidu sangharshana communication sailulaku moodu adanapu sangharshana communication sailulanu cherchaayi. eee moodu samskrutulalo sangharshana communicationnu marinta meruguparichayi.
itara parisoedhakulu sangharshana vyuuhaalanu samuuhaparachadaaniki vaerae marganni upayoginchaaru. ting-toomy (1983) vyuuhaalanu sangharshananu nirvahinchadaaniki moodu rakaala vyuuhaalugaa vargeekarinchindi; samagra, pampinhee mariyu nishkriyaatmaka-paroksha.
samagra sangharshana vyuuhaalu ekikrutam mariyu rajipade sailulanu kaligi untaayi mariyu idhi paraspara-mukham mariyu parishkaram yokka avasaranni pratibimbistumdi. eee vyuuhaanni enchukunna vaaru rendu paarteelaku saadhyamainanta uttamamaina parishkaranni pondadaaniki sangharshanhalo palgonna itara vyaktitoe kalisi pani chestaaru. samagra vyuuhaalaku udaaharanalalo marokari maata vinadam, vaari bhavalanu gowravinchadam mariyu charchalalo sahayapade vidhamgaa vaari swantha vyaktigata drukkoonaalanu andinchadam vantivi undavacchu.
pampinhee sangharshana vyuuhaalu sangharshananu nirvahinche aadhipatya sailini upayogistaayi mariyu okaripai marokaru tama swantha adhikaranni nokki chebutaayi. eee shaili sweeya-mukhanni pratibimbistumdi. nishkriyaatmaka-paroksha sangharshana vyuuhaalu sangharshananu nirvahinche sailulanu kattubadi mariyu nivaarinchadaaniki anugunamgaa untaayi mariyu itara mukhanni pratibimbistaayi.
content domainlanu edurkonandi.
faces content domainlu oka vyakti faces varklo nimagnamayye vividha amsaalanu suuchistaayi. vyaktulaku vibhina rakaala communicative paristhitulalo ververu mukha korikalu ledhaa mukha avasaralu untaayi. oka vyakti panichese aaru domainlu unnaih
vadakam.
paina perkonna oka pakshamtho charchalu praarambhinchae mundu, charchalanu vijayavantamaina sthithilo cheyadaaniki praathamika vivaralu aandolana chendaali. charchalanu praarambhinchadaaniki, sandhaanakarta party pratispandananu grahinchadam praarambhinchi, aapai lakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki paatranu praarambhinchadaaniki party yokka aasakti praantaalanu kanugonadaaniki siddhamgaa unna aandolana jaabitaato medhomathanam cheyadaaniki prayatninchaali.
saiddhaantika pratipaadanalu.
mukha sampradimpula siddhaantaala yokka gunde 24 pratipaadanalu. avi aneka sandarbhaallo mariyu adhyayanaalalo niroopinchabadina edu anchanaalu mariyu aidu vargeekaranalapai aadharapadi untaayi. vaaru mukha pradarsananu moodu sthaayilalo vivaristaaruh saamskrutika, vyaktigata mariyu paristhitula.
"saamskrutika sthaayi pratipaadanalu"
"vyaktigata sthaayi pratipaadanalu"
"paristhitula sthaayi pratipaadanalu"
saamskrutika mukha pradarsana saamarthyam.
tudi oohanu pratibimbistuu, paraspara saamskrutika mukha pradarsana saamarthyam mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantamlo maroka bhaganni kaligi untundi. 
faces work saamarthyam anedi sweeya mariyu itarula mukha sambandhita samasyalanu nirvahinchadamlo ghnaanam, mindfulness mariyu communication naipunhyaala yokka saraina ekikaranaga bhaavinchabadutundi. oka saamskrutika sangharshana episodelo samarthavantamgaa vyavaharinchadaaniki, sandarbha-sunnitamaina mukha kavacham paraspara naipunhyaalanu vartimpajeyadamlo vyaktulu vaari saamskrutika ghnaanam mariyu jaagrattanu penchukoovaalani eee siddhaantam perkondi.
ghnaana parimaanam.
ikkada ghnaanam anedi chetana abhyasam mariyu vyaktigata anubhavaala dwara pondina samacharam dwara drugvishayaanni lothugaa ardham chesukune prakriyanu suuchistumdi. building block bhaavanalalo ivi unnaih (1) vyaktivaadam-saamuuhikavaadam, (2) shakti dhooram. (3) rendu viruddhamaina "sweeya/mukham" namuunaalu, mariyu (4) mukha kavacham communication sailulu.
mindlifulness dimension.
mindfulness antey okari antargata anchanaalu, ghnaanaalu mariyu bhavodvegalaku shraddha vahinchadam mariyu adhe samayamlo aidu indriyaalanu kendrikaristu marokari anchanaalu, ghnaanaalu mariyu bhavodvegalaku shraddhaga anugunamgaa undatam. saamskrutika mukha pradarsanalo thedaalanu gurthunchukodaniki, teliyani pravartananu kotta sandarbham nundi chudatam neerchukoevaali. anduvalla, saadhaarana sthaayilo, chaitanyam anedi srujanaatmaka aalochana mariyu jeevanaanni korutundi.
applications.
oka antar saamskrutika samachara siddhaantamgaa, mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantam modatagaa antarjaateeya saamskrutika sikshana mariyu sangharshanhala rangamlo pareekshinchabadindi mariyu vartinchabadindi. ayithe, itara rangaalaku chendina parisoedhakulu kooda eee siddhaantaanni vartinchaedigaa mariyu sambandhitamainadigaa kanugonnaru. eee siddhaantam yokka iteevali anuvartanaalu mariyu pareekshalalo eee krindi adhyayanalu unnaayi.
saamskrutika sangharshana sikshana.
mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantam yokka oka pratyaksha anuvartanam antar saamskrutika sangharshana sikshanaa chatraala roopakalpana. ting-tomy prakaram, mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantam yokka lakshyamlo bhaagam, vaastavaaniki eee siddhaantaanni manassutho kuudina saamskrutika sangharshana sikshana kosam aacharaneeyamaina chatramgaa anuvadinchadam. samskrutula antataa saamskrutika sikshanaku siddhaantaanni vartimpajese vishayaniki vasthe eee siddhaantam chaalaa upayogakaramgaa untundani ting-toomy suuchistunnaaru.
marinta pratyaekamgaa, antar saamskrutika sangharshana sikshana antarjaateeya vyapara charchalu, antar saamskrutika sangharshana madhyavartitvam, antar saamskrutika tappudu samachara maarpidini nirvahinchadam mariyu antar saamskrutika sangharshana saamardhyaalanu abhivruddhi cheyadam chuttoo tirugutundi. mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantaanni sweekarinchadam, mariyu klishtamaina sanghatana, antar samuuha sampradimpula anukarana modalaina vividha samachara parisoedhanalatoe kalipi.ting-toomy moodu rojula vivaranaatmaka sikshanaa seshannu roopondinchaaru. taragati karyakalapalu, upanyaasa itivruttaalu mariyu vyaayaamaalato paatu agenda roopurekhalanu kooda aame roopakalpanalo andistaaru.
vyaktula madhya sangharshanhalo samasyalanu edurkovali.
stella ting-toomy siddhaantam rachayita mariyu nyuu mexico vishwavidhyaalayamloni communication und journalism vibhagam, zaan zii. sangharshana pravartanapai samskruti prabhavanni" nirnayinchadamlo mukham nijamgaa oka karakamga undho ledho telusukovadaaniki otjel cheyabadindi (ting-tomy & otjel, 2003). naalugu ververu deshaalaku chendina 768 mandhi eee adhyayanamlo palgonnaru. chaina, germany, japan mariyu united states samskrutulu praatinidhyam vahinchaayi. chaina mariyu japan samuuhavaada deshaalaku praatinidhyam vahistunnaayi mariyu germany mariyu united states vyaktivaada deshaalugaa praatinidhyam vahistunnaayi. prati contributorku oka survey ivvabadindi, dheenilo vaaru vyaktula madhya sangharshananu vivarinchaali.
atipedda phalitaalu eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaayi.
tallidandrulu mariyu thobuttuvulatho vibhedaalalo mukham mariyu mukham pani.
eee siddhaantam rachayita stella ting-toomy, zaan otjel, martha idalia chev-shanchez, richard haaris, richard wilcox mariyu seagfried stump amalu chesina eee adhyayanam, tallidandrulu mariyu thobuttuvulatho sangharshanhalo faces work samskruti, sweeya-bhavana mariyu shakti dhooram dwara elaa prabhaavitamavutundo gamaninchindi. naalugu ververu deshaalu mariyu samskrutula nundi 449 mandhi palgonnaru. germany, japan, mexico mariyu united states eee adhyayanamlo upayoginchina deshaalu. eee survey mukham yokka 3 bhayalu mariyu "faces work" yokka 11 pravartanalanu pariseelinchindi. phalitaalu eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaayi.
thallulatho sampradimpulu edurkovali.
talli gurtimpu" nirmaanam yokka maatrutvam-haisler & ellis faces negotiation siddhaantam suuchistumdi, "america samskruti ekakaalamlo vyaktula madhya sambandham mariyu svayampratipattini prothsahistundi."tallulu balaheenamgaa undataaniki ishtapadaru kabatti tallula samskrutilo oka" "mukham" abhivruddhi chendindi ". haisler mariyu ellis "mukham" mariyu maatrutvamlo mukham yokka kaaranaalapai adhyayanam chesaaru. tallula samskrutilo "mukham" unchadaaniki pradhana kaaranaalu
maatrutvam mariyu "mukham": adhe adhyayanam nundi vacchina phalitaalu tallulu "talli mukham pani" loe paalgontaarani choopinchaayi."vaaru evaritho matladutunnaro ledhaa sambhaashistunnaaro daanipai aadharapadi untundi. tallulu snehitulu, jeevita bhaagaswaamulu, tallulu mariyu itara kutumba sabhyulatho tama atyunnata mukhanni dharinchaalani chepparu. dheeni ardham mosapuuritamgaa undaalane talli pranaalika anie kaadu, conny vaaru balaheenatanu chupinchakunda, tadanugunamgaa daanini dachipettakunda marinta soukaryamgaa untaaru.
operation gadilo vaidyudi communication.
christin kirsbaum aarogya samachara prasaara sandarbhaaniki, mukhyamgaa operating room vaataavaranamloo mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantaanni vartimpajesaaru. eee parisoedhanaloo, nairuti united statesloni oka bodhanaa aasupatrilo anaesthesiologistlu mariyu sarjanlaku mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantamtoe saadhaaranamgaa sambandham unna moodu chararaasulanu kolavadaniki oka survey nirvahinchabadindih sangharshana-nirvahana shaili, mukha aandolana mariyu sweeya-garbhasravam.
phalitaalu eee siddhaantaaniki balamgaa maddatu istayi, mariyu anaesthesiologistlu mariyu sarjanlaku swatantra sweeya-nirmaana mariyu sweeya-mukha aandolana madhya gananeeyamaina saanukuula sahasambandhaalu kanugonabaddayi. eee aarogya samachara prasaara sandarbhaaniki pratyekinchi, parisoedhana rendu samuuhaala shastrachikitsa gadhi vaidyula madhya thedaalanu chooputundih sarjanlu marinta itara-mukha aadhaaritamgaa untaaru mariyu anaesthesiologistlu marinta swatantramgaa unde avakaasam undhi. inca, anaesthesiologistlu mariyu sarjanlu iddaroo shastrachikitsa brundam sabhyuluga sahakaram yokka praamukhyatanu gurtistaaru.
eee janaabhaaku nirdishta padaalu sandarbhochitamgaa anuchitamainavani kooda survey kanugondi, udhaa.zii. garvam, gowravam ledhaa viswasaneeyata anae padaalu dosha paraspara sambandham yokka avasaranni pradarsinchaayi. idhi bhasha yokka pratyaekamaina parigananalanu suuchistumdi. eee aalochanaa vidhaanamlo, pratyaekamaina bhasha parigananalu mariyu aandolana mariyu sweeya-nirmaanaanni edurkovataniki vividha dhoranulanu parishkarinchadaaniki vaidyula communication sikshananu parisoedhana sifaarsu chesindi.
surakshitamaina laingika sampradimpulu.
laingika sankarshana yokka sambhaavya durbalatvam mariyu bhavodvega asthiratanu gamaninchi, surakshitamaina laingika sampradimpula sandarbhaaniki mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantaanni vartimpajesaaru.
eee adhyayanam mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantam yokka vividha bhaagaalanu ekikrutam chesindi, mariyu thoorpu-paschima srungaara sambandhamaina amsaalatoe sahaa sannihita sambhaashana drushyaalalo anubhavika pareeksha nundi enimidi pratipaadanalu udbhavinchaayi. asea mahilalu mariyu euro-american purushula madhya sannihita sambhaashana vidhaanaalanu anchanaa veyadam lakshyamgaa iddaru asea mahilalatho vyaktigata interviewlapai praathamika pariseelanala aadhaaramgaa eee parisoedhana jarigindi. mukhyamgaa, enimidi pratipaadanalanu geeyadaaniki takkuva-adhika sandarbham mariyu vyaktivaada-saamuuhikata chatraalu upayoginchabadataayi.
vyapara abhyardhana imeyillalo mukha podupu.
chainees mariyu american vyapara sahacharula madhya vyapara imeyilla marpidipai nirvahinchina oka adhyayanam email abhyardhanala nirmaanam vyakti mukhanni elaa prabhaavitam chesindo mariyu sahacharulu abhyardhananu elaa chusharo elaa prabhaavitam chesindo pradarsinchindi. oka imeyillo pratyaksha abhyardhanalu graheeta mariyu pampinavaari mukhanni bedirinchaayani gamaninchabadindi. graheetaku swayampratipatti niraakarinchabadi, samajikamga aamodayogyam kaani paddhatiloo vyavaharinchinanduna idhi mukham kolpovadaniki daariteesindi.
muppu mariyu vaikalyanni edurkovali.
okari mukham mariyu sweeya-gurtimpunu rakshinchadaaniki sambandhinchi vikalaangulu samarthulaina vyaktulatoe elaa sankarshana chendutaaro anchanaa vaeyadaaniki oka parisoedhana nirvahinchabadindi. saareeraka vaikalyam matrame kakunda, gunde jabbulu mariyu vinikidi lopam vanti drushti vaikalyalu kooda gurtinchaleni vidyaarthulanu adhyayanam pariganinchindi. vikalaangulu itarulu vaaritho vyavaharinchae vidhanam valla bedirinchabaddaaru, anduvalla vaaru marinta mukha rakshana vyuuhaalanu enchukunnaaru. udaaharanaku, vinikidi lopam unna vidyaarthulaloo communication bhayam gurtinchabadindi mariyu vaaru sambhaashanhalo takkuva bahirgatam chesinatlu nivedinchaaru. vaastavaaniki, vikalanga vidyaarthulu samarthulaina vyaktula nundi sahayam adagadam anedi mukhaniki muppu kaliginche charyaga bhaavinchaarani adhyayanam kanugondi.
anaitika samachara maarpidiki pratispandinchadam.
anaitika communication patla prajala pratispandanapai chesina oka parisoedhanaloo, communicationlo bhayanni edurkovadaniki prajalu mukha bedirimpu charyalanu upayogistaarani velladaindi. bisel mariyu itarula prakaram. (2011), 'anaitika sambhaashanhanu tiraskarinchadam anedi vinevaari saanukuula mariyu pratikuula mukhanni savaalu chestundi. asammati yokka vyakteekarana oka vyakti yokka saanukuula mukhanni bediristundi, idhi vinevaari aamodam avasaranni suuchistumdi mariyu idhi vyakti yokka pratikuula mukhanni prabhaavitam chestundi endukante idhi vyakti yokka svayampratipattini prabhaavitam chestundi.
eee adhyayanam maryaada vyuuhaalu mariyu anaitika communicationnu anubandhinche parisoedhanaa prasnanu munduku tecchindi. pariganinchabade vyuuhaalu mukham bedirinche charya, pratikuula maryaada, saanukuula maryaada mariyu vyuuhampai battatala cheyavaddu. anaitika samachara marpidi mosapuritamainadi, taarumaaru chesedi, dopidi chesedi, chorabaatlu chesedi ledhaa balavantam chesediga vargeekarinchabadindi. aadarsavantamaina vyuuhaatmaka pratispandanalu chitramlo highlight cheyabaddaayi.
kalaatmaka sameekshalalo mukhanni bhadraparustundi.
kalaakrutulanu sameekshinchadamlo mukha rakshana mariyu mukha bedirimpu charyalanu upayoginchadaanni adhyayanam cheyadaaniki oka parisoedhana nirvahinchabadindi. adhyayanam kosam, niyatakaalika saahityam nundi pannendu sameekshalu yaadrucchikamgaa empika cheyabaddaayi. parisoedhana vislaeshanhaku muulam 1970-1975 madhya undhi.
sameekshakulu saadhaaranamgaa tama sameekshalanu samarpinche mundu kalakarudi mukhanni drushtilo unchukunnaarani gamaninchabadindi. pratikuula sameekshanu samarpinchetappudu, sameekshakulu kalakarudi saanukuula mukhanni bedirinchaaru, anduvalla kalakarudi 'mukhanni kaapaadataaniki' saanukuula abhiprayanni kooda andinchaaru.
aandolanalanu mariyu kshamaapanalu cheppe uddesaanni edurkovali.
iddariki madhya saamskrutika vaividhyam kshamaapana cheppe uddesyaanni elaa prabhaavitam chesindo telusukovadaaniki 317 mandhi chainees mariyu american paalgonevaarilo oka adhyayanam nirvahinchabadindi. saamskrutika nibandhanalu vyaktigata mariyu saamuuhika samskrutulugaa vargeekarinchabaddaayi. hofstead (1980) prakaram, oka vyaktigata samskruti "ii" yokka gurtimpuku praadhaanyata istundi, ayithe saamuuhika samskrutulu "memu" mariyu samoohaalalo saamarasyaaniki ekkuva praamukhyata istayi.
kshamaapana cheppaalane uddesaanni ardham chesukovadaniki prayatninchinappudu eee adhyayanam samskrutini kooda parigananaloki teesukundi. kshamaapana anedi, goffman (1971) prakaram, "saamaajika ullanghananu parishkarinchadaaniki mariyu saamaajika samarasyanni tirigi sthaapinchadaaniki nerasthudi sadhanam".
saamskrutika thedaalu marinta pramukhamgaa undevi, mukhyamgaa sabhyudu (oka charya dwara athani mukham bedirinchabadindi mariyu anduvalla kshamaapana avasaram) oka samuuhamloo ledhaa samuuhaaniki velupala sabhyudu ayithe uddesam parigananaloki teesukobadindi. mukhyamgaa vaari charya avatali vyakti yokka saanukuula mukhaniki muppu kaliginchinatlayithe, chaina paalgonevaaru kshamaapana cheppaalane uddesam ekkuvagaa undani adhyayanam kanugondi. marovaipu, yuu.ess. paalgonevaaru vaari charya vyakti yokka pratikuula mukhanni bedirinchinappudu kshamaapana cheppaalane uddesam kaligi unnaaru.
aandolanalu, sweeya-nirmaanaatmaka mariyu kshamaapananu edurkovali.
ting-toomy mariyu itara parisoedhakulu 2019loe mukha-sampradimpula yokka moodu pradhana vyaktigata-sthaayi bhagala prabhavalapai taja parisoedhana nirvahinchaaruh baadhitudu kshamaapana, sayodhya mariyu nerasthulaku prateekaaram teerchukovadampai aandolanalanu edurkovadam, sweeya-nirdhaarana mariyu kshamaapana. idhi rendu ververu samskrutulalo sambandha ullanghanalapai adhyayanam chaina yokka adhika-sandarbhochita communication mariyu united states yokka takkuva-sandarbhochita communication.
eee adhyayanamlo paalgonevaarilo united statesloni 327 mandhi kalaasaala vidyaarthulu mariyu madhya chainaalooni 176 mandhi kalaasaala vidyaarthulu unnaaru. mariyu parisoedhakulu mukha-sampradimpula siddhaantam yokka kendra nirmaanaalu mariyu baadhitula pravartanaa parinaamaala madhya sambandhampai aidu parikalpanalanu roopondistaaru. tudi phalitam rendu samskrutulalo sweeya-mukha aandolana mariyu kshamaapana, swatantra sweeya-nirmaana mariyu kshamaapana madhya pratikuula sambandhaanni suuchistumdi. idhi rendu deshaalalo itara-mukha aandolana mariyu kshamaapana, paraspara aadhaarapadina sweeya-nirmaana mariyu kshamaapana, nerasthula kshamaapana mariyu kshamaapana madhya saanukuula anubandhaanni kooda suuchistumdi.

