
umber rangu salamonder

umber salamonder, umber rangu salamonder, tartoisel salamonder ledhaa steznegger oriental salamonder (hynobius steznegeri) anedi japanku sthaanikamaina hynobidae kutumbaaniki chendina salamonder jaathi. samasheetoshna adavulu mariyu nadulu dheeni sahaja aavasalu. idhi aavasala nashtam valla muppu ponchi undhi.
bhouthika lakshanaalu.
daani paeru suuchimchinatlugaa, bahya roopaanni prakaasavantamaina umber thoo masakabaarina, ardha paaradarsaka nalupu godhuma rangu naela rangu. dheeni jatarika uparitalam telikainadi mariyu macchalu lekunda untundi. umber salamonder mukku nundi ventku 76-85 mm podavu mariyu mottam 137-155 mm podavunu kaligi untundi. ayithe, vyaktulu daadaapu 200 mimi podavu unnatlu nivedinchabadindi. paie nundi chusinappudu thala andakaramga kanipistundi mariyu kallu pramukhamgaa untaayi mariyu oka gular madata untundi. idhi 13 nundi 14 teerapraanta gattalatho balamaina mariyu sthuupaakaara sariiraanni kaligi undhi. idhi "hynobius kimura" rangunu pooli untundi, conny kevalam naalugu kaali vellanu, podavaina varusa vomerin dantaalanu mariyu podavaina sariiraanni kaligi untundi.
vargeekarana.
matsui, nishikava mariyu tominaga netrutvamloni iteevali adhyayanam prakaram, "hynobius steznegeri" mariyu "hynobius yatsui" okela untaayi. paeru "hetch. anduvalla yatsui "anedi" hetch "yokka aatmaasraya juuniyar paryaayapadamgaa maarchabadindi. anie annaru. adhe adhyayanam prakaram, kyushu nundi vacchina "hynobius steznegeri" janabhanu kotta jaathi "hynobius ikiyoi" gaa pariganinchaali.
aavasalu mariyu paryaavaranam.
eee jaatiki chendina salamonder japaanlooni kyushulo matrame kanipistundi mariyu kumamoto, miazaki mariyu uttara kagoshima prefecturela parvata praantaalalo vistarinchi undhi. umber salamonderla yokka vividha praantiiya janabha gokes nadhi mariyu asso agniparvatam, kirishima agniparvatam mariyu atsushiro samudramtho sahaa aneka bhougolika addankula dwara vaeru cheyabadindi. idhi bhusambandhamaina (bhoomi) mariyu manchineeti paryaavarana vyavasthalalo chudavachu. dheeni bhuu aavasalu samasheetoshna adavulalo unnaayi, ivi visaalamaina aakulu, satataharita adavulatho paatu mishrama adavulatho kuudina parvata praantaalanu kaligi unnaayi. manchineeti aavasalu jalapaataalato sahaa shaashwata nadulu, pravahalu mariyu vaagula chittadi neelalaloo unnaayi. 500-1500 mea nundi ettulo unna parvata pravahalalo mariyu chuttupakkala aavasalu kanugonabaddayi. avi santanotpatti cheyadaaniki eguva praantaalaku tirigi vastaayi, mariyu ikkade larvalu abhivruddhi chendutaayi. vaari aaharaalu keetakaalu, salepurugulu, purugulu, jala keetaka larva mariyu crustatianlatho tayaaravutaayi, mariyu avi naramamsa bhakshyaniki aasrayistaayi. pratyaekamaina rahasya rangu padipoyina aakula madhya mabhyapettedigaa panichestundani oohinchabadindi. rangu namuunaa mamsaahaarula nundi samarthavanthamaina nirodhakam ayithe, eee lakshanam balamaina empika kaaranamgaa undavacchu. bhougolikamgaa verucheyabadina rendu praantaala madhya umber salamonder janabhalo phenological paristhitula kaaranamgaa 4 saatam janyu vaividhyam unnatlu kanugonabadindi.
pravartana.
magavaaru utpatti chese guddu sanchulu chaalaa podavugaa untaayi, 17 nundi 30 centimeters varaku untaayi mariyu adhe jaatiki chendina itara jaatulu, "hynobius boulengeri" nundi bhinnamgaa untaayi, endukante avi swechhaa chivaralo pramukha korada lanty nirmaanaanni kaligi undavu. prati clutch 21-57 gudla nundi untundi, mariyu aada gudlu podugukune varaku aame clutchku daggaragaa untundi. podigina larvalu pasupu rangulo untaayi mariyu vellu mariyu kaali nalla panjaalu kaligi untaayi. eee larvalu pravaahamlo nivasistunnappudu roopaantaram chendutaayi, mariyu avi veyabadina adhe samvatsaram september mariyu octoberlalo udbhavistaayi, conny aneka sheethaakaala larvalu avi udbhavinche marusati samvatsaram vasantakaalam ledhaa vesavi varaku pravaahamlo untaayi.
bedirimpulu.
umber salamonder vaeta mariyu ucchu, kalapa mariyu kalapa kotha dwara debbatintundi. pradhana bedirimpulalo rahadaarula nirmaanam, atavee nirmuulana, kotha mariyu kalushyam kooda unnaayi. umber saalamandarnu aushadham mariyu aaharam kosam kooda upayogistaaru. "hetch. tulanaatmaka hepatology vaidya rangamlo kooda steznegeri "nuu upayogistaaru. oka prayogamlo, tallini tolaginchinappudu, gudlu adrusyamayyaayi, bahusha manchineeti peetalu ledhaa maredainaa predator tinesi undavacchu. larva manugada talli rakshanapai aadharapadi untundani idhi suuchistumdi.
parirakshana.
sambhavinche paridhi 20,000 chadarapu kilometres kante takkuvagaa undhi, eee jaatulu pampinheelo vicchinnamayyaayi, praantiiyamgaa japaanlo matrame, vaati aavasala paridhi mariyu naanhyathalo nirantara ksheenatatoo. umber saalamandarnu 2000loe japan paryaavarana samstha dadapuga bedirimpugaa bhaavinchindi. dheenini 2021loe international union pharr conservation off nature (iucn) dadapuga bedirimpugaa gurtinchindi. ippudu, umber salamonder bhoomi yokka antarinchipothunna jeevula jaabitaalo undhi. dheenini kumamoto prefecture sahaja smaaraka chihnamgaa perkondi. eee jaatini adavi nundi pattukovadaanni sthiramaina reetilo nirvahinchelaa chuudaalsina avasaram undhi.

