sileendhraalu tine jantuvu

sileendhraalu ledhaa mycophagy anedi sileendhraalanu tine jeevula prakriya. pakshulu, ksheeradaalu, keetakaalu, mokkalu, ameebaalu, gastropods, nematodes, bacteria mariyu itara sileendhraalatoo sahaa sileendhraalanu tinadam dwara tama saktini pondadaaniki aneka vibhina jeevulu namodu cheyabaddaayi. veetilo konni sileendhraalanu matrame tinevi, sileendhrabhakshakaalu anie pilustaaru, marikonni sileendhraalanu tama aahaaramlo bhaagamgaa matrame tintaayi, ivi sarvabhakshakaalu.
jantuvulu.
ksheeradaalu.
chaalaa ksheeradaalu sileendhraalanu tintaayi, conny konni matrame sileendhraalanu pratyaekamgaa tintaayi; chaalaa varaku avakaasavaada tinevi mariyu sileendhraalu vaati aahaaramlo bhaagam matrame. maanavulu, bonobos, collobines, gorillas, lemers, makaaklu, mangabelu, marmosetlu mariyu vervet kothulatho sahaa kaneesam 22 jaatula primate sileendhraalanu tintaayi. eee jaatulalo chaalaa varaku vaaru sileendhraalanu tinipinchadaaniki gadipe samayanni 5 saatam kante takkuva gaduputaaru, anduvalla sileendhraalu vaari aahaaramlo oka chinna bhaagam matrame. konni jaatulu sileendhraala kosam ekkuva kaalam meputayi, mariyu sileendhraalu vaari aahaaramlo ekkuva bhaagam untaayi; buffy-tufted marmosetlu tama samayanni sporocorps tine 12 saatam varaku gaduputaayi, goeldi kothulu tama samayanni 63 saatam varaku gaduputaayi mariyu yunnan snoob-nosed kothi daani tine samayamlo 95 saatam varaku likenlanu tinestundi. pandlu mariyu aakulu vanti itara aahara vanarulatho poliste ushnamandala varshaaranyaalalo sileendhraalu chaalaa arudugaa untaayi, avi kooda chaalaa takkuvagaa pampinhee cheyabadataayi mariyu oohinchaleni vidhamgaa kanipistaayi, ivi goeldi kotulaku savaluga unde aahara vanarugaa marutayi.
sileendhraalu jantuvulu vaatini tinakunda nirodhinchadaaniki vaati vishaalaku prasiddhi chendaih netikee maanavulu vishapuurita sileendhraalanu tinadam valla maranistunnaru. dheeni sahaja paryavasanamga tappanisari sakasheruka sileendhrabhakshakaalu vaastavamgaa lekapovadam, diprotodant kutumbam potoridae pradhana minahaayimpu. uttaraana egire uduta udutalu anevi konni sakasheruka sileendhrabhakshakulalo okati, conny gatamlo aneka sakasheruka sileendhrabhakshakaalu undevani, vishapuurita abhivruddhi vaati sankhyanu baga tagginchindani, eee jaatulanu sileendhraalanu vidichipettamani ledhaa vaividhyaparachamani balavantam chesindani nammutaaru.
molasklu.
aneka bhoogola gastropod molasklu sileendhraalanu tintaayi. vibhina kutumbaalaku chendina aneka jaatula sluglalo idhi jarugutundi. vaatilo philomycidae (udhaa. zii. "philomycus carolinius" mariyu "phylomicus flexuvolaris") mariyu "ariolimacidae" ("ariolimax california"), ivi varusaga burada acchulu (mixomycetelu) mariyu puttagodugulanu (bacediomycetelu) tintaayi. slugs dwara aahara vanarugaa upayoginche puttagodugulanu utpatti chese sileendhraala jaatulalo milk-cap, "lactarius" esppi unnaayi., gulla puttagodugu, "pleurotus austritus" mariyu pennie bunn, "boletus edulis". agaricus", "pleurocybella" mariyu "rusula" vanti vividha jaatulaku sambandhinchina itara jaatulanu kooda slugs tintaayi. slugs dwara aahara vanarugaa upayoginche burada acchulalo "stemonitis axifera" mariyu "symphytocorpus flasidus" unnaayi. konni slugs avi tine sileendhraala yokka konni bhagalu ledhaa abhivruddhi dasalanu enchukuntaayi, ayithe eee pravartana chaalaa bhinnamgaa untundi. jaatulu mariyu itara kaarakaalanu batti, slugs abhivruddhi yokka nirdishta dasalalo sileendhraalanu matrame tintaayi. antekakunda, itara sandarbhaallo, mottam puttagodugulanu etuvanti empika lekunda tinavacchu.
keetakaalu.
keetakaalu, aagneya aasiyaaloni varshaaranyaala nundi vacchina cheemala jaathi "uprenolapis prosera" varshaaranyaala nundi puttagodugulanu sekarinchadaaniki kanugonabadindi. vaari aaharam daadaapu puurtigaa puttagodugulanu kaligi undani, idhi cheemalalo gatamlo kanugonabadani aahara vyuuhaanni suuchistumdani vitte & maschwitz kanugonnaru. 
erotilidae, endomychidae mariyu konni tenebrionidaetoe sahaa aneka beatle kutumbaalu kooda sileendhraalapai nipunulu, ayinappatikee avi appudappudu itara aaharalanu tinavacchu.
fungus gnats mariyu scuttle flies vanti itara keetakaalu vaati larva dasalo sileendhraalanu upayogistaayi. chacchina kalapa tinevaariki sileendhraalanu tinadam chaalaa mukhyam, endukante poeshakaahaara korata unna chanipoyina kalapalo andubaatulo laeni poeshakaalanu pondadaaniki idhi ekaika maargam.
pakshulu.
mycophagy namodu cheyabadina modati pakshulu jays ("perisorius") anie nammutaaru. kenada jays ("p. canadensis), cyberian jays (p. infastus) mariyu oregon jays (p. obscurus) annee puttagodugulanu tinevigaa namodu cheyabaddaayi, cyberian jays kadupulo sheethaakaalam praarambhamlo ekkuvagaa sileendhraalu untaayi. uttara africa mariyu madhyapraachyamlo kanipinche ascomycete, "fiangium lefebwry" nuu sheethaakaalam mariyu vasanta rutuvu praarambhamlo valasa pakshulu, pradhanamgaa lark jaatulu (aladidae) tintaayi. bedouin vetagallu "p" nuu upayoginchinatlu nivedinchabadindi. pakshulanu aakarshinchadaaniki valalo eragaa lefebwray. naela meeda vetade adbhutamaina lirebird "menura noveholandia" kooda sileendhraalapai avakasavadamga methagaa unnatlu kanugonabadindi.
australialoni dakshina kasovari ("casuarius casuarius") aahaaramlo sileendhraalu mukhyamaina bhaagamgaa unnaayi. brocket sileendhraalu edaadi podavunaa vaati rettalalo kanugonabaddayi, mariyu "australian mycological nyuus letter" loe simpson vaaru agaricals mariyu pegizals jaatulanu kooda tine avakaasam undani suuchimchaaru, ayithe ivi tinetappudu vichchinnam ayinanduna vaati rettalalo kanugonabadaledu. emus ("dromois noveholandia") vaariki andiste aparipakvamaina "lycoperdon" mariyu "bovista" sileendhraalanu tintaayi, alaage "mysena" isthe turkeylanu ("alectura lathami") brush chestaayi, idhi megapodidae jaatulu puttagodugulanu avakaasamgaa tinavacchani suuchistumdi.
suukshmajeevulu.
sileendhraalu.
edainaa fungus itara sileendhraalanu tinesinappudu mycoparacetism sambhavistundi, idhi paraannajeevi yokka oka roopam, sahaja vaataavaranaalaloo daani gurinchi mana ghnaanam chaalaa parimitamgaa untundi. "collibia" chanipoyina puttagodugula meeda perugutundi.
shilindhra jaatiki chendina "trichoderma" chitineses vanti enjaimlanu utpatti chestundi, ivi itara sileendhraala kana godalanu ksheenimpajestaayi. avi itara sileendhraalanu gurtinchagalavu mariyu vaati vaipu perugutaayi, taruvaata avi atidheya sileendhraalapai lectinlanu grahakamgaa upayoginchi itara sileendhraala haifato bandhinchi, apresoriyamnu yerparustaayi. idhi erpadina tarvaata, "trichoderma" atidheyaloki vishapuurita enjaimlanu mariyu bahusha peptibole antibioticsnu inject chestundi, ivi kana godalo randhraalanu srushtistaayi, idhi atidheya lopala "trichoderma" peragadaaniki mariyu tinadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. "trichoderma" sclerotianu jeernam cheyagalavu, aahara nilvalanu kaligi unna mannikaina nirmaanaalu, ivi deerghakaalikamgaa vyadhikaaraka sileendhraalanu niyantrinchaalante mukhyamainavi. "trichoderma" jaatulu "botritis cineria", "rhizoctonia solani", "alternaria solani", "glomerella graminicola", "phytophthora capsy", "magnaporthe grissia" mariyu "" colitotricham lindemuthianum "nundi pantalanu rakshistunnatlu namodu cheyabaddaayi; ayithe eee rakshana puurtigaa eee sileendhraalanu jeernam chese" "trichoderma" valla kakapovachhu, conny vaati dwara parokshamgaa mokkala vyaadhi nirodhakatanu meruguparustundi ".
bacteria.
bacterial mycophagy anae padaanni padaanni roopondinchaaru, idhi konni bacteria "jeevinchi unna fangal hyphenu kolpoyi perige" saamarthyaanni vivarinchadaaniki upayoginchabadindi. kotta phytologist" loe 2007 sameekshalo eee nirvachanam sileendhraala nundi poeshanhanu pondadamlo churukaina paatra poeshinchae bacterianu matrame chaerchadaaniki sweekarinchabadindi, sileendhraala dwara nishkriyaatmaka sraavaalanu tine vaatini minahayinchi, ledhaa chanipoyina ledhaa debbatinna haifa nundi. eee praantamloo mana ghnaanamlo ekkuva bhaagam mattiloo mariyu mokkala lopala ledhaa chuttupakkala unna bacteria mariyu sileendhraala madhya paraspara charyalaku sambandhinchinadi, samudra mariyu manchineeti aavasalalo paraspara charyala gurinchi ledhaa jantuvula meeda ledhaa lopala sambhavinche vaati gurinchi chaalaa takkuva telusu. prakrutilooni shilindhra samajalapai bacteria mycophagy elanti prabhavalanu chuuputumdoe teliyadu.
bacteria sileendhraalanu tine moodu vidhanalu unnaayi; avi shilindhra kanaalanu champutayi, vaati kanaala nundi ekkuva padaarthaalanu sravinchela chestaayi ledhaa antargatamgaa aaharam kosam kanaalaloki pravesistaayi mariyu avi eee alavaatla prakaram vargeekarinchabadataayi. shilindhra kanaalanu champe vaatini nectrotrophes anie pilustaaru, eee aaharam yokka paramaanu yantraamgaalu sahajamgaa maraninchina tarvaata sileendhraalanu tine bacteriatho gananeeyamgaa ativyaapti chendutayani bhaavistunnaaru. necrotroflu tama kana godanu jeernam cheyadam dwara ledhaa "sudomonas tolasi" utpatti chese tolacin vanti sileendhraalanu champe vishanni utpatti cheyadam dwara sileendhraalanu champavacchu. shilindhra kana godalu chaalaa sanklishtamgaa unnanduna eee rendu vidhanalu avasaram kaavacchu, kabatti vaatini ksheeninchadaaniki aneka vibhina enjaimlu avasaram, mariyu vishanni utpatti chese bacteria ellappuduu sileendhraalaku sokadani prayogaalu niroopistaayi. eee rendu vyavasthalu sahakriyaatmakamgaa panichesi undavacchu, vishapadaardhaalu sileendhraalanu champutayi ledhaa nirodhistaayi mariyu exoengimelu kana godanu adhokaranam chestaayi mariyu sileendhraanni jeernam chestaayi. necrotrophlaku udaaharanalalo "cryptococcus neopharmans" nuu tine "stephylococcus arius", "rhizoctonia solani", "sclerotium rolfsey" mariyu "fusarium oxysporum" nuu tine "aeromonas kavia" mariyu "cocleobolus miabians" mariyu "rhizoctonia solani" lanu tine konni myxobacteria unnaayi.
sileendhraalanu maarchukoni avi tine ekkuva sraavaalanu utpatti chese bacterianu extra cellular biotrophes anie pilustaaru; aneka bacteria shilindhra sraavaalanu tintaayi, conny sileendhraalatoo neerugaa sankarshana chendavu mariyu veetini biotrophes kakunda saprotrophes anie pilustaaru. extra cellular biotroflu shilindhra sareeradharma saastraanni moodu vidhaluga marchagalavu; avi vaati abhivruddhini, vaati pora yokka paaragamyatanu (poeshakaala pravaahamtho sahaa) mariyu vaati jeevakriyanu maarustaayi. eee maarpulanu saadhinchadaaniki upayoginche khachitamaina signalling anuvulu teliyavu, conny aaksinlu (mokkala harmonga vaati paatraku baga prasiddhi chendinavi) mariyu koram sensing anuvulu indulo paalgontaayani soochinchabadindi. sileendhraalanu eee margallo marchagala bacteria gurtinchabadindi, udaaharanaku micorrhiza helper bacteria (mhbs) mariyu "sudomonas putida", conny avi kaliginche maarpulu bacteriaku neerugaa prayojanakaramgaa unnaya anedi pradarsinchabadaali. micorisal sileendhraala dwara mokkala muulaala sankramananu penche mhbs vishayamlo, avi prayojanam pondavacchu, endukante sileendhraalu mokka nundi poeshanhanu pondutaayi mariyu sileendhraalu marinta chakkeralanu sravistaayi.
jeevinchi unna shilindhra kanaalaloki pravesinche moodava samuuhaanni endocellular biotrophes antaaru. veetilo konni niluvugaa vyaapistaayi, marikonni shilindhra kanaalapai churukuga daadi chesi, naasanam cheyagalavu. eee paraspara charyalalo palgone paramaanu paraspara charyalu chaalaa varaku teliyadu. aneka endocellular biotroflu, udaaharanaku konni "barkholderia" jaatulu, beata-proteobacteriaku chendinavi, veetilo ksheeradaalu mariyu amiba kanaala lopala nivasinche jaatulu kooda untaayi. vaatilo konni, udaaharanaku "gigaspora margarita" yokka beejaamsaalanu valasarajyaluga chese "condidatus" glomeribactor gigasporaram, janyuvu parimaanaalanu tagginchaayi, avi puurtigaa avi nivasinche shilindhra kanaala jeevakriya vidhulapai aadharapadi unnayani suuchistunnaayi. g" lopala unna anni endocellular bacteria. margarita tolaginchabadindi, fungus bhinnamgaa perigindi mariyu takkuva saripoyedi, konni bacteria avi nivasinche sileendhraalaku kooda sevalanu andistundani suuchistumdi.
siliates.
siliate kutumbam grasglackneridae, "grasglackneria acuta" jaatulato sahaa, pratyaekamgaa sileendhraalanu tintaayi. "zii. acuta "modata feeding tube dwara haifa ledhaa sporangiyamtho jatacheyabadutundi, aapai oka ring aakarapu nirmaanam, sumaru 2 micrometers vyaasam fangaspai kanipistundani gamaninchabadindi, bahusha ksheeninchina kana goda padaarthamthoo untundi. "zii. acuta "appudu sell godaloni randhram gundaa, sagatuna, 10 nimishalu, tananu taanu vaeru chesukuni dhooramgaa vellae mundu tintundi. aaharam yokka khachitamaina vidhanam teliyadu, conny idhi assid phosphatagelu, selyulaaslu mariyu chitineslatho sahaa enjaimlanu kaligi untundi. suukshma naalaalu feeding tube loe kanipistaayi, alaage kana pora yokka nilvalu kooda kanipistaayi, ivi endocytosis dwara fungus yokka cytoplasmtho nindina aahara vacullanu roopondinchadaaniki upayoginchavacchu, ivi tirigi "g" loki ravana cheyabadataayi. acuta ". g" dwara chesina randhraalu. acuta "amiba tayaaru chesina vaatitho konni saaruupyatalanu kaligi undhi, conny amiba maadirigaa kaadu". acuta "eppuduu fangasnu kappi unchadu.
mokkalu.
sumaru 90 saatam bhuu mokkalu micorisal sileendhraalatoo sahajeevanamlo nivasistaayi, ikkada sileendhraalu mokkala nundi chakkeralanu pondutaayi mariyu mokkalu sileendhraala dwara matti nundi poeshakaalanu pondutaayi. konni jaatula mokkalu eee sahajeevanaanni maarchadaaniki abhivruddhi chendaayi, tadwara avi ikapai avi utpatti chese shilindhra chakkeralanu ivvavu mariyu badulugaa sileendhraala nundi chakkeralanu pondutaayi, eee prakriyanu maiko-heterotrophy anie pilustaaru. konni mokkalu vaati abhivruddhi prarambha dasallo chakkerala muulamgaa sileendhraalapai matrame aadharapadi untaayi, veetilo chaalaa varaku aarkidlu alaage aneka fernlu mariyu lycopadlu unnaayi. konni aarkidlu mariyu gentianesiae, mariyu anni rakaala monotropaci mariyu triuridaceaetho sahaa itarulu tama jeevitaantam eee aahara vanarupai aadharapadi unnaaru. sileendhraalapai aadhaarapadina, conny ippatikee kiranajanya samyogakriyanu kaligi unna vaatini mixotrophes anie pilustaaru, endukante avi okati kante ekkuva margallo poeshanhanu pondutaayi, sileendhraala nundi gananeeyamaina mottamlo chakkeralanu pondadam dwara, avi adavula lothaina needalo perugutaayi. udaaharanalalo aarkidlu "epipactis", "sephalantera" mariyu "plantanthera" mariyu erikesi kutumbaaniki chendina girijana pyroli unnaayi. monotropastrum humail" vanti itaravi ikapai kiranajanya samyogakriya cheyavu mariyu poeshakaalu kosam puurtigaa sileendhraalapai aadharapadi untaayi. sumaru 230 ituvanti jaatulu unnaayi, mariyu eee lakshanam archid kutumbaaniki velupala aidu sandarbhaallo swatantramgaa abhivruddhi chendindani bhaavistunnaaru. archid jaatula "sephalantera damasonium" looni kontamandi vyaktulu mixotrophelu, conny itarulu kiranajanya samyogakriya cheyaru. maiko-heterotrophic mokkalu chakkeralanu pondhe sileendhraalu kiranajanya samyogakriya chese mokkala nundi vaatini pondutaayi kabatti, vaatini itara mokkala paroksha parannajeevulugaa pariganistaaru. aarkidlu mariyu archid micorize madhya sambandham vaeta mariyu paraannajeevi madhya ekkado unnatlu soochinchabadindi.
eee mokkalu sileendhraala nundi chakkeralanu pondhe khachitamaina vidhanalu teliyavu mariyu saastriiyamgaa pradarsinchabadaledu. rendu margalu pratipaadinchabaddaayi; avi shilindhra jeevaraasini, mukhyamgaa mokkala kanaalanu arbuscular micorizelo vale chochukupoye shilindhra hyphanu ksheenimpajeyavachu ledhaa dravyarashi pravaham dwara vaati kana poralaku antaraayam kaliginchadam dwara sileendhraala nundi chakkeralanu grahinchavacchu. chakkeralu sileendhraalaku tirigi rakunda nirodhinchadaaniki, avi chakkeralanu compartmentalise cheyali ledhaa sileendhraalu upayoginchaleni rupaluga marchali.
sileendhraala vyavasayam.
keetakaalu.
moodu keetakaala vamsaalu, beatles, cheemalu mariyu chedapurugulu, 40 mariyu 60 million samvatsaraala kritam sileendhraalanu saagu chese saamarthyaanni swatantramgaa abhivruddhi chesaayi. mokkala aadhaarita vyavasayam abhivruddhi chendina taruvaata maanava samajalu marinta sanklishtamgaa maarina vidhamgaane, eee keetakaala vamsaalaloo kooda eee saamarthyaanni abhivruddhi chesinappudu adhe jarigindi mariyu eee keetakaalu ippudu paryaavarana vyavasthalalo pradhana praamukhyatanu kaligi unnaayi. sileendhraala pempakaaniki keetakaalu upayoginche paddhatulu maanava vyavasaayamtho praathamika saaruupyatalanu panchukuntaayi. modatidi, keetakaalu oka nirdishta aavasam ledhaa uparitalaanni sileendhraalatoo teekaalu vestaayi, maanavulu polaallo vittanaalanu naatinatle. rendavadi, avi fungus perugudalanu meruguparachadaaniki, alaage tegullu mariyu vyaadhula nundi rakshinchadaaniki, perugutunna vaataavaranaanni niyantrinchadam dwara phangisnu saagu chestaayi. moodavadi, vaaru fungus paripakvamainappudu daanini pandinchi, daanini tintaaru. chivaraga, maanavulu pantalapai aadhaarapadina vidhamgaane avi perige sileendhraalapai aadharapadi untaayi.
beatles.
ambrosia beatles, udaaharanaku "austroplatypus inkpertus", chetla lopala ambrosia sileendhraalanu saagu chesi vaatini tintaayi. ambrosia beatles yokka micangia (shilindhra beejaamsaalanu mosukelle avayavalu) loe vividha jaatula fungus untaayi, veetilo "ambrosiomyces", "ambrosiella", "ascoidia", "seratosistis", "dipodascus", "diplodia", "endomycopsis", "monacrosporium" mariyu "tuberculariella" jaatulu unnaayi. ambrosia sileendhraalu beatles mariyu vaati gallerylalo matrame kanipistaayi, ivi beatles mariyu beatles tappanisari sahajeevanaanni kaligi unnayani suuchistunnaayi.
chedapurugulu.
macrotermitine upakutumbamloni pannendu jaatulalo sumaru 330 jaatula chedapurugulu "chedapurugulu" jaatilo oka pratyaekamaina fangasnu saagu chestaayi. eee fungus nuu goodu yokka pratyeka bhaagamlo fungus konlalo unchutaaru. karmikudu chedapurugulu mokkala padaarthaanni tintaayi, ivi mala gulikalanu utpatti chestaayi, veetini avi nirantaram cone paina unchutaayi. eee fungus eee padaarthamgaa perugutundi mariyu tvaralo protein, chakkeralu mariyu enjaimla yokka goppa vanaru ayina aparipakva puttagodugulanu utpatti chestundi, veetini karmikudu chedapurugulu tintaayi. gaddalalo jeernam kaani alaingika bijaamsaalu kooda untaayi, antey kaarmikulu utpatti chese mala gulikalu ellappuduu avi malavisarjan chese mokkala padaarthaanni valasarajyaluga chese fungus beejaamsaalanu kaligi untaayi. chedapurugulu" kooda pandlu, neelapai puttagodugulanu yerparustaayi, ivi kottagaa erpadina goolla nundi modati kaarmikulu udbhavinchina samayamlone paripakvam chendutaayi. puttagodugulu gaali chedaragotte beejaamsaalanu utpatti chestaayi, mariyu eee paddhati dwara, kotta kaalaneelu shilindhra jaatini pondutaayi. konni jaatulalo, fungus yokka janyu vaividhyam chaalaa takkuvagaa untundi, idhi fungus yokka bijaamsaalu gaali chedaragotte beejaamsaala nundi kakunda, goodu nundi goodiki niluvugaa vyaapistaayani suuchistumdi.
cheemalu.
sumaru 220 varninchabadina jaatulu, mariyu atini tegaloni marinta varninchani cheemala jaatulu sileendhraalanu saagu chestaayi. avi kotta prapanchamlo matrame kanipistaayi mariyu avi nedu atyanta vaividhyamgaa unna amazon varshaaranyamlo parinaamam chendaayani bhaavistunnaaru. eee cheemalaku, saagu chesina sileendhraalu matrame vaati larvalanu penche aahara vanaru mariyu peddalaku kooda mukhyamaina aaharam. queen cheemalu goodu nundi jatacheyadaaniki vadilivesinappudu vaati noti bhagalalo chinna sanchulalo fungus yokka chinna bhaganni mosukelataayi, ivi kotta goodu erpadinappudu kotta fungus thotanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistaayi. ververu vamsaalu ververu uparitalaalapai sileendhraalanu saagu chestaayi, intaku mundu abhivruddhi chendinavi vistruta shreni mokkala padaarthaalapai alaa chestaayi, ayithe aaku kattar cheemalu marinta empika cheyabadataayi, pradhanamgaa taja aakulu mariyu puvvulanu matrame upayogistaayi. sileendhraalu lepiotaceae mariyu terrulesi kutumbaalaku chendinavi. escovopsis" jaatilooni itara sileendhraalu thotalanu parannajeevigaa chestaayi mariyu antibiatic utpatti chese bacteria kooda thotalalo nivasistaayi.
gastropods.
united states aagneyamloni uppu chittadi neelalaloo nivasinche samudra natta "littoraria irorata", adhi peragadaaniki prothsahinche sileendhraalanu tintundi. idhi gaddipai gayalanu srushtinchi, nirvahistundi, "spartina alterniflora" appudu sileendhraala dwara sokutundi, bahusha "pheospharia" mariyu "mycospherella" jaatiki chendinavi, ivi natta yokka ishtapade aaharam. avi srushtinche gayalapai malam kooda jama chestaayi, ivi sileendhraala perugudalanu prothsahistaayi endukante avi natrajani mariyu shilindhra hyphalo samruddhiga untaayi. vyaadhi sokani aakulapai perigina baalya nattalu peragavu mariyu chanipoye avakaasam ekkuvagaa untundi, idhi "ell" aahaaramlo sileendhraala praamukhyatanu suuchistumdi. irrorata ".

