
lsm

molecular biologylo, lsm proteins anevi daadaapu prati cellular organismlo kanipinche rna-binding proteinla kutumbam. lsm anedi 'like sm' yokka sankocham, endukante lsm protein kutumbaaniki chendina modati gurtinchabadina sabhyulu sm proteins. lsm proteins oka lakshana trimiteeya nirmaanam dwara nirvachinchabadataayi mariyu vaati assembly aaru ledhaa edu vyaktigata lsm protein anuvula valayaluga nirvachinchabadataayi mariyu mrna prosessing mariyu niyantranalo pedda sankhyalo vividha paatralanu poeshistaayi.
balaheenapariche swayam pratirakshaka vyaadhi ayina systemic lupus erythematosus (slee) roopamtho rogilo anty-sm antibodies anie pilavabade lakshyamtho sm proteins modata kanugonabaddayi. nidratho badhapaduthunna roogi stephany smith gouravaartham vatiki sm proteins anie paeru pettaru. chaalaa saaruupya nirmaanaalatoo unna itara proteins taruvaata kanugonabaddayi mariyu lsm proteins anie paeru pettabaddayi. lsm protein kutumbaaniki chendina kotta sabhyulu gurtinchabadatam mariyu nivedinchabadatam konasaagutundi.
saaruupya nirmaanaalatoo kuudina proteins protein kutumbaalu, suupar familylu mariyu madatalu anae padaanukramamgaa vargeekarinchabadataayi. lsm protein nirmaanam anedi chinna beata sheetnu chinna barrelga madata pettadaniki oka udaaharana. vyaktigata lsm proteins aaru ledhaa edu sabhyula donut ring (marinta sarigga torus anie pilustaaru) loe kalustaayi, ivi saadhaaranamgaa oka chinna rna anuvutho bandhinchi ribonucleoprotein complexenu yerparustaayi. lsm torus rna anuvuku daani saraina trimiteeya nirmaanaanni oohinchadaaniki mariyu nirvahinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi. yea lsm proteins mariyu rna anuvu palgontayane daanipai aadharapadi, eee ribonucleoprotein complexes ksheenata, savarana, spliesing mariyu niyanthranatho sahaa aneka rakaala rna prosessingnu sulabhataram chestundi.
lsm kutumbaaniki pratyaamnaaya padaalu lsm madata mariyu sm-lanty madata, mariyu lsm, lsm mariyu lsm vanti pratyaamnaaya pedda aksharaala sailulu saadhaaranamainavi mariyu samanamga aamodayogyamainavi.
charitra.
smith antigen aavishkarana.
modati lsm proteinla aavishkarana katha 1959loe systemic lupus erythematosus (slee) thoo badhapaduthunna stephany smith anae yuvatiki praarambhamaindi, chivariki 1969loe 22 samvatsaraala vayassulo vyaadhi sanklishtatalaku gurai maraninchindi. eee kaalamlo, aame newyorkloni rockfeller vishwavidyaalaya aasupatrilo chikitsa pondaaru, doctor. henry kunkel mariyu daa. inglish tonn. swayam pratirakshaka vyaadhi unnavaarigaa, nidra rogulu vaari kanaala kendrakaalaloni antigenlaku pratiroedhakaalanu utpatti chestaaru, chaalaa tarachugaa vaari swantha dnak. ayithe, daa. kunkel mariyu daa. 1966loe thaan aaa msnu kanugonnadu. smith anhu proteinla samitiki pratiroedhakaalanu utpatti chesaaru, dheeniki vaaru 'smith antigen' (smag) anie paeru pettaru. nidralo unna rogulalo daadaapu 30 saatam mandhi eee proteinlaku pratiroedhakaalanu utpatti chestaaru, double stranded dnaku badulugaa. eee aavishkarana slee kosam roganirdhaarana pareekshanu meruguparichindi, conny eee antigen yokka swabhaavam mariyu paniteeru teliyadu.
sm proteins, snrnplu, spliciosome mariyu messenger rna splissing.
1970luu mariyu 1980la praarambhamlo parisoedhana konasaagindi. smith antigen ribonucleic aamlam (rna) anuvulu mariyu bahula proteinla sanklishtamgaa unnatlu kanugonabadindi. euridine adhikamgaa unde chinna anhu rna (snrna) anuvula samiti eee sanklishtatalo bhaagamgaa undhi, dheeniki yuu1, yuu2, yuu4, yuu5 mariyu yuu6 anae paerlu ivvabaddaayi. veetilo naalugu snrnlu (yuu1, yuu2, yuu4 mariyu yuu5) aneka chinna proteinlatho gattiga bandhinchabadi unnatlu kanugonabadindi, veetini smb, smd, sme, smf mariyu smg anie paeru pettaru. smb pratyamnaayamgaa spliesed roopaantaram, smb 'nuu kaligi untundi, mariyu chaalaa saaruupya protein, smn, konni (ekkuvagaa naadii) kanajaalaalo smb'/beeni bharti chestundi. smd taruvaata moodu proteinla mishramamgaa kanugonabadindi, veetini smd1, smd2 mariyu smd3 anie pilicharu. eee tommidi proteins (smb, smb ', smn, smd1, smd2, smd3, sme, smf mariyu smg) sm core proteins ledhaa kevalam sm proteins anie piluvabaddayi. chinna nuclear ribonucleoproteinl ledhaa snrnps anie piluvabade kana kendrakamlo kanaalanu roopondinchadaaniki snrnlu sm core proteinlatho mariyu itara proteinlatho sanklishtamgaa untaayi. 1980la madhya natiki, eee snrnplu spliciosome anie piluvabade pedda (4.8 emdee molecular weit) complexenu, prii-marnah chuttoo, intraanlu anie piluvabade prii-marnah yokka bhaagaalanu excise chesi, coding bhaagaalanu (exanlu) kalisi splies cheyadaaniki sahaayapadataayani spashtamaindi. marikonni maarpula taruvaata, spliesed prii-marnah messenger rna (mrna) avutundi, idhi nucleus nundi egumati cheyabadutundi mariyu ribozomela dwara proteinga anuvadinchabadutundi.
sm proteinla maadirigaane proteinla aavishkarana.
spliciosomelo yuu6 snaranp kendra bhaagam ayinappatikee, snarana yuu6 (yuu1, yuu2, yuu4 mariyu yuu5 maadirigaa kakunda) sm proteinlatho anubandhinchabadadu. 1999loe oka protein heteromer kanugonabadindi, idhi pratyaekamgaa yuu6తoouu bandhistundi, mariyu sm proteinlaku spashtamgaa samanamga unde edu proteinlanu kaligi untundi. eee proteinlanu lsm (sm vantivi) proteins (lsm1, lsm2, lsm3, lsm4, lsm5, lsm6 mariyu lsm7) gaa suuchistaaru, taruvaata gurtinchina ilanti lsm8 protein thoo. escherichia kooli" anae bacterialo, hcfq janyuvu dwara encode cheyabadina sm-lanty protein hcf-ii 1968loe rna bacteriophase cubita replicationku avasaramaina host karakamga varninchabadindi. saccaromyces serevisia" (baker eest) yokka janyuvu 1990la madhyalo kramabaddheekarinchabadindi, idhi eee maanava proteinla yokka homolaglanu gurtinchadaaniki goppa vanarulanu andistundi. taruvaata, marinni eucariotes janyuvulanu kramabaddhikarinchinappudu, eucariotes, saadhaaranamgaa, edu sm mariyu enimidi lsm proteinla oke samitiki homolaglanu panchukuntaayani spashtamaindi. aaa taruvaata ventane, eee eucariot lsm proteinlaku samaanamaina proteins archia (sm1 mariyu sm2) mariyu bacteria (hcfq mariyu lxs homolaglu) loe kanugonabaddayi. archaeal lsm proteins bacteria lsm proteinla kante eucariot lsm proteinlatho chaalaa pooli untaayi. ippativaraku vivarinchina lsm proteins chinna proteins, maanava smg kosam 76 amaino aamlalu (8.7 kilola paramaanu baruvu) nundi maanava smb kosam 233 amaino aamlalu (29 kilola paramaanu baruvu) varaku maarutuu untaayi. conny iteevala, itara protein nirmaana domainlatho paatu (lsm10, lsm11, lsm12, lsm13, lsm14, lsm15, lsm16, attaxin-2, alaage archaeal sm3) lsm nirmaana domine kaligi unna pedda proteins kanugonabaddayi.
lsm madata yokka aavishkarana.
1995 loe, vividha lsm homologla madhya poolikalu rendu krama muulaamsaalanu gurtinchaayi, 32 nucleic aamlalu podavu (14 amaino aamlalu), ivi prati lsm homologlo chaalaa pooli untaayi mariyu variable podavu yokka samrakshinchabadani praantam dwara vaeru cheyabaddaayi. idhi eee rendu krama muulaamsaala (sm1 mariyu sm2 anie paeru pettabadina) praamukhyatanu suuchimchimdi, mariyu anni lsm protein janyuvulu oke puurveekula janyuvu nundi udbhavinchaayani suuchimchimdi. 1999loe, recombinant sm proteinla spatikaalu tayaaru cheyabaddaayi, ivi ex-rae sphatikaala shaastram mariyu vaati anhu nirmaanaanni moodu koonaalaloo nirnayinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchaayi. lsm proteins chinna alfa helix yokka idhe vidhamaina trimiteeya madata mariyu aidu-stranded madata beata sheetnu panchukuntaayani idhi niroopinchindi, taruvaata dheeniki lsm madata anie paeru pettaru. itara parisoedhanalaloo lsm proteins aaru ledhaa edu lsm proteinlatho kuudina torus (donut aakarapu ring) loki sameekaristaayani, mariyu aaa rna torus lopali bhaagaaniki bandhistundani, prati lsm proteinku oka nucleotide kattubadi untundani kanugonnaru.
nirmaanam.
 euridine fasfate β2b/β3a loop mariyu β4b/β5 loop madhya archeel sm1laoouu bandhistundi. eurasil hystidine mariyu arjinin avasheshaala madhya perchabadi untundi, asparajin avasheshamtho hydrogen bandham mariyu aspertate avasheshaalu mariyu ribos madhya hydrogen bandham dwara sthireekarinchabadutundi. lsm proteins beata sheet (dviteeya nirmaanam), lsm madata (trutheeya nirmaanam) loki madathapetti, aaru ledhaa edu sabhyula torus (chaturdhaatuka nirmaanam) loki polymerisation mariyu rna oligonucleotidelo bandhinchadam dwara vargeekarinchabadataayi. oka aadhunika namuunaa protein nirmaanam aadhaaramgaa proteinlanu vargeekaristundi mariyu prastutam kriyaaseela kshetram, moodu pradhana vidhaanaalatho, scop (proteinla nirmaana vargeekarana), kaath (taragati, nirmaanam, topology, homolagus suupar family), mariyu fssp/dolly (nirmaanaparamgaa saaruupya proteinla kutumbaalu).
dviteeya sthaanam.
lsm protein yokka dviteeya nirmaanam oka chinna aidu-strandla vyatiraeka samaantara beata sheet, enn-terminal end nundi sii-terminal end varaku β1, β2, β3, β4, β5 gaa gurtinchabadina strandlatho. anni beata proteinla yokka scop class mariyu pradhanamgaa beata yokka kaath class pradhanamgaa beata sheetlu ayina protein structurelugaa nirvachinchabaddaayi, tadwara lsm thoo sahaa. sm1 kramam muulaamsam β1, β2, β3 tantuvulaku anugunamgaa untundi mariyu sm2 kramam muulaamsam β4 mariyu β5 tantuvulaku anugunamgaa untundi. modati naalugu beata tantuvulu okadaanikokati prakkane untaayi, conny β5 anedi β1 prakkane untundi, mottam nirmaanaanni chinna gottamgaa maarustundi. eee nirmaanaatmaka sthalaakruthi 51234 gaa varninchabadindi. chaalaa lsm proteinlalo chinna (rendu nundi naalugu malupulu) enn-terminal alfa helix kooda untundi. β3 mariyu β4 tantuvulu konni lsm proteinlalo chinnaviga untaayi mariyu asthira podavu gala nirmaanaatmaka kaayil dwara vaeru cheyabadataayi. β2, β3 mariyu β4 tantuvulu vaati madhya binduvula vadda 120° degreela balamgaa vangi untaayi, eee tantuvulalo vampulu tarachugaa glycinga untaayi, mariyu beata baarel lopali vaipu golusulu tarachugaa hydrophobic avasheshaalu valin, lucine, isolucin mariyu methionin.
trutheeya.
scop kevalam lsm nirmaanaanni sm-lanty madatagaa vargeekaristundi, idhi yea madhyantara samuuhaalu lekunda, 149 ververu beata protein madatallo okati. lsm beata sheet padunaina vangi untundi mariyu kaathlo roll architecturega varninchabadindi (kaathlooni 20 ververu beata protein architecturelalo okati). beata tantuvulalo okati (lsmlo β5) roll yokka open anchunu daati chinna shaa3 rakam baarel topologyni yerparustundi (kaathlooni 33 beata roll topologylalo okati). cath oka shaa3 rakam baarel topologytho 23 homolagus suupar familylanu jabita chestundi, veetilo okati lsm nirmaanam (cath vyavasthalo rna binding protein). scop daani nirmaanaatmaka vargeekarananu suupar family, family mariyu domine kuu madata tarvaata konasaagistundi, ayithe kaath kutumbaanni kramabaddhikarinchadam konasaagistundi, ayithe eee vibhagalu "parinaamam mariyu phylogeny" vibhaagamlo marinta samuchitamgaa vivarinchabaddaayi.
lsm madata yokka shaa3-rakam baarel trutheeya nirmaanam balamgaa vangi (sumaru 120°) β2, β3 mariyu β4 tantuvula dwara erpadutundi, baarel nirmaanam β5 tantuvu dwara moosiveyabadutundi. trutheeya nirmaanaanni nokki chebutuu, prati vampu beata strandnu rendu chinna beata strandluga varninchavachhu. lsm madatanu enimidi-strandla anty-samaantara beata sandvichga chudavachu, oka samatalamlo aidu strandlu mariyu beata sandwitch yokka rendu bhagala madhya 45° pitch konamtho samaantara samatalamlo moodu strandlu untaayi. chinna (rendu nundi naalugu malupulu) enn-terminal alfa helix beata sandwitch yokka oka anchu vadda sambhavistundi. eee alfa helix mariyu beata tantuvulanu (n-terminus nundi c-terminus varaku) α, β1, β2a, β2b, β3a, β3b, β4a, β4b, β5 anie label cheyavachu, ikkada a mariyu b aidu-tantuvula vivaranalo vangi unna tantuvu yokka rendu bhaagaalanu ledhaa enimidi-tantuvula vivaranalo vyaktigata tantuvulanu suuchistaayi. prati strand (enimidi-strand vivaranalo) aidu amaino aamlam avasheshaala nundi erpadutundi. tantuvulu mariyu alfa helix madhya vampulu mariyu looplatho sahaa, sumaru 60 amaino aamlam avasheshaalu lsm madataku dohadam chestaayi, ayithe idhi inter-strand looplu, alfa helix mariyu β3b mariyu β4a tantuvula podavulalo kooda vaividhyam kaaranamgaa homologla madhya maarutuu untundi.
quarternary.
lsm proteins saadhaaranamgaa lsm ring, aaru ledhaa edu sabhyula torus, 2 nanometers randhramtho sumaru 7 nanometers vyaasamtho koodi untaayi. puurveekula paristhiti okela unde lsm upabhaagaala homohexamer ledhaa homoheptammer. yookaariyotlaloni lsm proteins sm proteins vanti edu ververu lsm upa unitla heteroheptamerlanu yerparustaayi. lsm proteinla madhya bandham anedi lsm madata yokka enimidi-strand vivaranhatho baga ardham chesukobadutundi. oka upaghatakam yokka beata sandwitch yokka aidu-strand sagam prakkane unna upaghatakam yokka beata sandwitch yokka moodu-strand sagam thoo samalekhanam avutundi, idhi oka vakreekruta 8-strand beata sheet aβ4a/aβ3b/aβ2a/aβ1/aβ5/bβ4b/bβ3a/bβ2b nuu yerparustundi, ikkada a mariyu b rendu ververu upaghatakaalanu suuchistaayi. rendu lsm protein upa unitla yokka ebiti5 mariyu bbt4bii beata tantuvula madhya hydrogen bandhamtho paatu, contact area lopali bhaagamlo hydrophobic amaino assid side chainla madhya saktivantamgaa anukuulamaina parichayalu mariyu contact area chuttupakkala hydrophilic amaino assid side chainla madhya saktivantamgaa anukuulamaina parichayalu unnaayi.
rna oligonucleotide binding.
lsm valayalu rna oligonucleotidelo ribonucleoprotein sanklishtatalanu yerparustaayi, ivi chaalaa sthiramaina sanklishtatala nundi (sm class snrnps vantivi) taatkaalika sanklishtatala varaku bandhinche balamlo maarutuu untaayi. rna oligonucleotide saadhaaranamgaa lsm torus yokka randhram (lumen) lopala, lsm upabhaagaaniki oka nucleotide lopala bandhistaayi, ayithe ring paibhagamlo (α helix vaipu) adanapu nucleotide binding saitlu nivedinchabaddaayi. eee bandham yokka khachitamaina rasayana swabhaavam maarutuu untundi, conny saadhaarana muulaamsaalaloo rendu amaino aamlaala samatala side chainla madhya heterocyclic bays (tarachugaa eurasil) nii perchadam, heterocyclic bays mariyu/ledhaa raibojto hydrogen bandham mariyu fasfate groupuku uppu vantenalu untaayi.
vidhulu.
vividha rakaala lsm valayalu rna oligonucleotides kosam paranjaalu ledhaa chaperonluga panicheestaayi, ivi saraina trimiteeya nirmaanaanni oohinchadaaniki mariyu nirvahinchadaaniki rnaku sahaayapadataayi. konni sandarbhaallo, idhi oligonucleotide rnani ribozymga utprerakamgaa panicheyadaaniki anumatistundi. itara sandarbhaallo, idhi rna yokka maarpu ledhaa ksheenatanu sulabhataram chestundi, ledhaa ribonucleoprotein complexela assembly, nilva mariyu kanaantara ravaanaanu sulabhataram chestundi.
sm ring.
sm ring anni eukariotla kendrakamlo kanipistundi (vistaristunna maanava kanaaniki sumaru 2.5 x 106 kaapeelu), mariyu baga ardham chesukunna vidhulanu kaligi untundi. sm ring anedi heteroheptomer. sm-class snarna anuvu (5 'nundi 3' disalo) smay upaghatakam vadda lumen (donut randhram) loki pravesinchi, lumen (donut randhram) lopala savyadisalo (α helix vaipu nundi chuustuu) varusaga smg, smd3, smb, smd1, smd2 upaghatakaalaku, smf upaghatakam vadda nishkramistundi. (smbni splies roopaantaram smb 'mariyu naadii kanajaalaalo smn dwara bharti cheyavachu.) sm ring saasvatamgaa yuu1, yuu2, yuu4 mariyu yuu5 snaraanaalatoe bandhistundi, ivi pradhana spliciosomnu yerparuchukune aidu snaranplalo naalugu yerparustaayi. chinna spliciosomnu yerparuchukune aidu snorps (yuu5 snarpsto sahaa) loe naalugu erpade yuu11, yuu12 mariyu yuu4టaaaక్ snorps thoo kooda sm ring saasvatamgaa bandhistundi. eee rendu spliciosomelu prii-marnah nundi messenger rna paripakvatalo central rna-prosessing complexelu. sm proteins kooda telomerase yokka ribonucleoprotein bhaagamlo bhagamani nivedinchabadindi.
lsm2-8 ring.
rendu lsm2-8 snrnps (yuu6 mariyu yuu6టaaaక్) pradhana mariyu chinna spliciosomelalo keelaka utpreraka paniteerunu kaligi untaayi. eee snrnplalo sm ring undadu, conny badulugaa heteroheptameric lsm2-8 ringnu upayoginchandi. lsm valayalu sm valayala kante 20 retlu takkuva samruddhiga untaayi. eee valayamlooni eee edu lsm proteinla kramam teliyadu, conny sm proteinlatho amaino assid sequence homology aadhaaramgaa, snrna (5 'nundi 3' disalo) modata lsm5తoouu bandhinchavacchani, mariyu lsm7, lsm4, lsm8, lsm2, lsm3కii varusakramgaa savyadisalo mundubadi, lsm6 upaghatakam vadda nishkramistundani oohinchabadindi. saccaromysis serevisia" (budding eest) utparivartanaalato chesina prayogaalu lsm2-8 ring yuu4/yuu6 dii-snrnp loki yuu4 mariyu yuu6 snrnp lanu tirigi kalapadaniki sahaayapadutundani suuchistunnaayi. (exon tolagimpu mariyu intron spliesing puurtayina tarvaata, eee rendu snaps maroka exon/intron spliesing chakranni praarambhinchadaaniki spliciosome kosam tirigi anusandhaaninchabadaali. eee paatralo, lsm2-8 ring rna paranjaaku badulugaa rna chaperonga panichestundi.) lsm2-8 ring kooda nucleoluslo sthaanikeekarinche yuu8 chinna nucleolar rna (snorna) thoo oka snrnpni yerparustundi. eee ribonucleoprotein complexes ribosomal rnanu proses cheyadaaniki mariyu rnanu vaati paripakva roopaalaku badilee cheyadaaniki avasaram. prii-pii rnnu arnes pii rnaga proses cheyadamlo lsm2-8 ring paatra undani nivedinchabadindi. sm ring kuu viruddhamgaa, lsm2-8 ring daani srna mariyu snornaalatoe saasvatamgaa bandhinchadu.
sm10/sm11 ring.
rendava rakam sm ring undhi, ikkada lsm10 smd1 sthaanamlo mariyu lsm11 smd2 sthaanamlo untundi. lsm11 anedi rendu domine protein, sii-terminal domine lsm domine. eee heteroheptomer ring U7 snrnp looni U7 snrnathoo bandhistundi. U7 snrnp kendrakamloni histone mrna yokka 3 'utr stem-loop yokka prosessingnu madhyavartitvam chestundi. sm ring maadirigaane, idhi oka pratyeka smn complexes dwara yuu7 snaranapai cytoplasmlo sameekarinchabadutundi.
lsm1-7 ring.
rendava rakam lsm ring lsm1-7 ring, idhi lsm2-8 ring maadirigaane untundi, lsm1 lsm8 sthaanamlo untundi. lsm2-8 ring kii viruddhamgaa, lsm1-7 ring cytoplasmlo sthaanikeekaristundi, ikkada idhi ribonucleoprotein complexelalo messenger rnanu digajaarchadamlo sahaayapadutundi. eee prakriya messenger rna turnovernu niyantristundi, tadwara mrna nundi proteinku ribosomal translation sell dwara dna nundi messenger rna transcriptionlo maarpulaku twaragaa spandistundi. lsm1-7, pyaat1 thoo kalisi, dedenylation tarvaata pii-baadeela nirmaanamloo paatra pooshistundani choopabadindi.
jaemin 6 mariyu jaemin 7.
smn complexes ("snrnps yokka biogenesis" kinda vivarinchabadindi) smn protein mariyu jaemin 2-8 thoo koodi untundi. veetilo rendu, jaemin 6 mariyu jaemin 7 lsm nirmaanaanni kaligi unnayani mariyu heterodymernu yerparustaayi. ivi sm-class snrnspy sm ring erpadataaniki sahaayapadataaniki smn complexelo chaperon functionnu kaligi undavacchu. prmt5 complexes prmt5, picklen, dablyudi45 (emipi50) thoo koodi untundi. picklin anedi smn complexelo sm open ringnu roopondinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi. smn complexes smn complexes meeda sm ring open conformationlo unna smnps assembleaki sahaayapadutundi mariyu eee sm ring smn complexes dwara smnlo load cheyabadutundi.
lsm 12-16 mariyu itara bahula-domine lsm proteins.
lsm 12-16 proteins chaalaa iteevala vivarinchabaddaayi. ivi enn-terminal lsm domine mariyu sii-terminal methyl transferes domine kaligina rendu-domine proteins. eee proteinla paniteeru gurinchi chaalaa takkuva telusu, conny bahusha avi rnatho sankarshana chendhe lsm-domine valayalalo sabhyuluga undavacchu. lsm12 bahusha mrna ksheenatalo paalgontundani mariyu lsm 13-16 mytosis niyantranalo paatralanu kaligi undavacchani konni aadharalu unnaayi. anukokunda, endo-lysosomal ca2 + chhaanals tpc (rendu-randhra chhaanals) lanu sakriyam chese nucleotide rendava sandesavaahakamaina naad (nicotinic aamlam adenine dinucleotide fasfate) kosam madhyantara binding-proteinga panicheyadam dwara lsm12 iteevala calcium signalinglo chikkukundi. idhi prakatana domaintho kakunda lsm domaintho naadp bandhinchadam dwara jarigindi. neurodegenerative vyaadhi spinocerebellar ataxia rakam 2 thoo sambandham unna teliyani paniteeru kaligina pedda protein, attaxin-2, kooda enn-terminal lsm domaine kaligi undhi.
archeel sm ringulu.
rendu lsm proteins jeevitam yokka rendava domine, archaealo kanipistaayi. ivi sm1 mariyu sm2 proteins (sm1 mariyu sm2 sequence muulaamsaalatoe ayomayam chendakudadu), mariyu konnisaarlu eee kaaranamgaa sm-lanty archaeal proteins snap1 mariyu snap2 gaa gurtinchabadataayi. sm1 mariyu sm2 saadhaaranamgaa homoheptammer valayalanu yerparustaayi, ayithe homohexamer valayalu gamaninchabaddaayi. sm1 valayalu eucariot lsm valayalanu pooli untaayi, avi rna lenappudu erpadataayi, sm2 valayalu eucariot sm valayalanu pooli untaayi, vaatilo vaati erpadataaniki euridine adhikamgaa unde rna avasaram. avi arnes pii rnatho anubandham kaligi unnayani nivedinchabadindi, idhi badilee rna prosessinglo paatranu suuchistumdi, ayithe eee prakriyaloo archaealo vaati paniteeru (mariyu bahusha ribosomal rna vanti itara rnanu proses cheyadam) chaalaa varaku teliyadu. archia yokka rendu pradhana saakhalalo okataina, chrenarchiotes moodava telisina rakam archaeal lsm protein, sm3 nuu kaligi untaayi. idhi enn-terminal lsm domaintho kuudina rendu-domine protein, idhi homoheptammer ringnu yerparustundi. eee lsm protein yokka paniteeru gurinchi aemee teliyadu, conny bahusha idhi eee jeevulalo rnatho sankarshana chendutundi mariyu bahusha prakriyaku sahaayapadutundi.
bacteria lsm valayalu.
jeevitam yokka moodava domine, bacterialo aneka lsm proteins nivedinchabaddaayi. hcfq protein homohexamer valayalanu yerparustundi, mariyu idhi bacterialo eee protein yokka sthaanika paniteeru kaadani spashtamgaa unnappatikee, bacteriaphase cubita dwara sankramanaku avasaramainatluga modata kanugonabadindi. idhi anni bacterialalo vishwavyaaptamgaa ledhu, conny sudomonadota, basillota, spirocaitota, thermotogota, akwifikota mariyu oka jaathi archaealo kanugonabadindi. (eee chivari udaaharana bahusha kshitija samaantara janyu badilee kesu.) hcfq anedi vividha rakaala paraspara charyalatho kuudina pleotropic, idhi saadhaaranamgaa anuvaada niyanthranatho mudipadi untundi. veetilo ribozomnu mrnatho bandhinchadaanni nirodhinchadam, vaati paalii-eah thokalaku bandhinchadam dwara mrnanu ksheenata kosam gurtinchadam mariyu konni mrnlaku bandhinchadam dwara anuvaadaanni niyantrinche bacteria chinna niyantrana rna (dsra rna vantivi) thoo anubandham unnaayi. rendava bacteria lsm protein lxs (konnisaarlu vaihebisi anie kooda pilustaaru), idhi modata matti bacterium "basillus subtilis" loe gurtinchabadindi. idhi enn-terminal lsm domaintho kuudina rendu-domine protein. daani paniteeru teliyadu, conny amaino assid sequence homolaglu ippati varaku daadaapu prati bacteria janyuvulo kanipistaayi, mariyu idhi oka mukhyamaina protein kaavacchu. escherichia kooli" loe chinna conductains mechanosensitive chaanal mscs yokka madhya domine homoheptameric ringnu yerparustundi. eee lsm domine spashtamaina rna-binding function kaligi ledhu, conny homoheptameric torus eee membrane protein yokka kendra chaanello bhaagam.
parinaamam mariyu phylogeny.
lsm homolaglu jeevitamlooni moodu rangaalalo kanipistaayi, mariyu prati okka jeevilo kooda kanipinchavacchu. phylogenetic sambandhaalanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki ganana phylogenetic paddhatulu upayoginchabadataayi. praathamika nirmaanam yokka bahula kramam amarika (amaino aamlam kramam) mariyu trutheeya nirmaanam yokka nirmaana amarika (trimiteeya nirmaanam) vanti vividha lsm homologla madhya krama amarika dheeniki tagina sadhanam. lsm protein kosam oka janyuvu anni jeevula chivari saarvatrika puurveekulaloo undani oohinchabadindi. telisina lsm proteinla vidhula aadhaaramgaa, eee asalu lsm protein prarambha jeevitam yokka rna prapancha parikalpanalo bhaagamgaa proteinlanu samslaeshanha cheyadaaniki rna prosessinglo ribosymelaku sahayapadi undavacchu. eee abhiprayam prakaram, eee janyuvu tarachugaa utparivartanalu, janyu nakileelu mariyu appudappudu kshitija samaantara janyu badileelatoo puurveekula nundi vaarasulaku badilee cheyabadindi. suutrapraayamgaa, eee prakriyanu chivari saarvatrika puurveekulaloo (ledhaa antakumundu) muulamtoe mariyu eee roeju unna lsm janyuvula viswaanni soochinche chitkaalato phylogenetic chettulo sangrahinchavacchu.
bacteria mariyu archaealo homerick lsm valayalu.
nirmaanam aadhaaramgaa, telisina lsm proteins bacteria lsm proteins (hcfq, lxs mariyu mscs) mariyu anni itara lsm proteinla rendava samuuhamtoe kuudina samuuhamgaa vibhajinchabadataayi, iteevala prachurinchabadina phylogenetic chetla prakaram. moodu archaeal lsm proteins (sm1, sm2 mariyu sm3) kooda eucariot lsm proteinlaku bhinnamgaa oka samuuhamgaa samuuhamavutaayi. bacteria mariyu archaeal lsm proteins rendoo homerick valayaluga polymerise avtayi, idhi puurveekula paristhiti.
eucariotslo heteromeric lsm valayalu.
oke eucariot lsm janyuvu yokka janyu nakileela shreni phalitamgaa telisina eucariot lsm janyuvulu chaalaa varaku (annee kakapoyina) vachayi. edu sm proteinlalo prati okkati itara sm proteinla kante sambandhita lsm proteinku ekkuva amaino assid sequence homologyni kaligi untundi. idhi puurveekula lsm janyuvu aneka saarlu nakilee ayindani, phalitamgaa edu samaantaraalu unnayani suuchistumdi. ivi taruvaata okadaanikokati vaerugaa marai, tadwara puurveekula homoheptammer lsm ring heteroheptomer ringga maarindi. eucariotes mariyu archaealo lsm proteinla telisina vidhula aadhaaramgaa, puurveekula pani prii-ribosomal rna, prii-transfer rna mariyu prii-arnes pii yokka prosessing ayi undavacchu. appudu, eee parikalpana prakaram, edu puurveekula eucariot lsm janyuvulu mallee edu jatala sm/lsm paeralaaglaku nakilee cheyabaddaayi; lsm1/smb, lsm2/smd1, lsm3/smd2, lsm4/smd3, lsm5/sme, lsm6/smf mariyu lsm7/smg. edu lsm janyuvula eee rendu samuuhaalu (mariyu sambandhita rendu rakaala lsm valayalu) oka sm ring (rna avasaram) mariyu lsm ring (rna lekunda erpadataayi) gaa parinaamam chendaayi. lsm1/lsm8 samaantara jatha kooda chivari saadhaarana eucariot puurveekula kante mundu kaneesam 15 lsm protein janyuvulaku udbhavinchinatlu telustondi. smd1/lsm10 samaantara jatha mariyu smd2/lsm11 samaantara jatha jantuvulu, sileendhraalu mariyu ameebojovaalo (konnisaarlu unicont cladega gurtinchabadutundi) matrame unnaayi mariyu bikant clade (chromalviolates, excovates, mokkalu mariyu raizaria) loe laenatlu kanipistaayi. anduvalla, eee rendu janyu nakileelu eucariot vamsamlo eee praathamika vibhajanaku mundugaane unnaayi. smb/smn paralog jatha eee lsm janyu nakilee teedeeni teliyajese placental ksheeradaalalo matrame kanipistundi.
snrnpla jeevajananamu.
chinna nuclear ribonucleoproteinl (snrnps) kana kendrakam mariyu cytoplasm rendintinee kaligi unna kathinamaina archestrated mariyu niyantrita prakriyaloo samavesamavutayi.