
nguen raajavamsam

nguen raajavamsam (chwn ̃,; chwhán: ̃,) chivari vietnamese raajavamsam, idhi nguen prabhuvulaku mundu 1802 nundi 1883 varaku ekikruta vietnamese rashtraanni swatantramgaa paripaalinchindi. sataabdaala paatu konasagina naam tien mariyu siamese-vietnamese yuddhaala konasagimpu dwara saamrajyam daani unikilo unna samayamlo aadhunika dakshina vietnam, kambodia mariyu lavos loki vistarinchindi. viyatnaamnu french swaadheenam chesukovadamto, 1862 mariyu 1874loe france dakshina viyatnaamlooni konni praantaalapai saarvabhoumaadhikaaraanni vadulukovalasi vachindi, 1883 taruvaata nguen raajavamsam namamatramga annam (madhya viyatnaamlo) mariyu tonkin (uttara viyatnaamlo) french rakshita praantaalanu matrame paripaalinchindi. taruvaata vaaru fransto oppandaalanu raddu chesi 1945 augustu 25 varaku koddikaalam paatu vietnam saamrajyamgaa unnaaru.
16va sataabdam natiki nguen fouk kutumbam pedda mottamlo bhuubhaagampai nguen prabhuvulugaa (1558-1777,1780-1802) bhuswamya palananu sthaapinchindi, 19va sataabdamloo tye saan raajavamsaanni oodinchi, vaari swantha saamraajya palananu sthaapinchindi. munupati thai saan raajavamsaanni antam chesina taruvaata, 1802loe sudeerghakaalam giah simhasananni adhishtinchadamtho rajavamsa paalana praarambhamaindi. 19va sataabdam chivari bhaagamlo aneka dasaabdaala kaalamlo nguen raajavamsam kramamga france chetha vileenam cheyabadindi, 1858loe kochinchina dandayaatratho praarambhamai, idhi vietnam yokka dakshina praantaanni aakraminchadaaniki daariteesindi. varusa asamaana oppandaalu anusarinchaayi; aakramita bhuubhaagam 1862 saigaon oppandamlo kochinchina yokka french kaalaneega maarindi, mariyu 1863 huu oppandam vietnamese naukaasrayaalaku fraansku praapyatanu ichindi mariyu daani videshee vyavaharalapai niyantrananu penchindi. chivaraku, 1883 mariyu 1884 oppandaalu migilina vietnamese bhoobhaganni naamamaatrapu nguen fouk paalanalo annam mariyu tonkin rakshita praantalugaa vibhajinchaayi. 1887loe, kochinchina, annam, tonkin mariyu french rakshita kambodia kalisi french indochainaga erpaddaayi.
rendava prapancha yuddham varaku guen raajavamsam indochaina lopala annam mariyu tonkin yokka adhikaarika chakravartulugaa undipoyindi. japan 1940loe french sahakaaramtho indochainaanu aakraminchindi, conny yuddham ekkuvagaa kolpoyinatlugaa kanipinchadamtho, marchi 1945loe french paripalananu padagotti, daani rajyanga deshaalaku swaatantryam prakatinchindi. yuddham chivari nelallo chakravarthy baado thaay aadhvaryamlo vietnam saamrajyam namamatramga swatantra japanese tolubomma rashtramgaa undedi. 1945 augustulo valasarajya vyatiraeka viyat minh japan longipovadam, augustu viplavam taruvaata bow doy padavee viramanatho idhi mugisindi. idhi nguen raajavamsam yokka 143 samvatsaraala palanaku mugimpu palikindi.
paerlu.
vietnam.
paeru (, chwhán:) anedi cree. puu. rendava sataabdaaniki chendina triyu raajavamsam nundi gurtinchagala paeru (; aksharala "dakshina" viyat ") yokka vaividhyam. prarambha madhya chainees bhaashalo "(yuu) ()" anae padam modata goddali (homophone) kosam "′" anae logographnu upayoginchi, chivari shang raajavamsam (bisi) yokka orakil emuka mariyu kaamsya saasanaalalo, taruvaata "vietnam" gaa vraayabadindi. aaa samayamlo idhi shangku vaayuvya disalo unna prajalu ledhaa adhipatini suuchistumdi. kristupurvam enimidava sataabdam praarambhamlo, madhya angtjeeloni oka teganu angue anie pilicheevaaru, eee padaanni taruvaata marinta dakshinaana unna prajalaku upayogistaaru. kristupurvam edava mariyu nalgava sataabdaala madhya yuu/viet diguva yangji pareevaahaka praantamlooni yuu mariyu daani prajalanu suuchistumdi. kristupurvam moodava sataabdam nundi eee padaanni dakshina mariyu nairuti chaina mariyu uttara viyatnaamlooni chaineeyulu kaani janaabhaaku, minyu, oyu, louview (vietnamese lock whit) modalaina pratyeka jaathi samuuhaalatoe upayoginchaaru., samishtiga biue (baach whit,;) anie pilustaaru. baiyu/baach whit anae padam cree puu 239 loe sankalanam chesina "lushi chunkyu" pustakamlo modatisaari kanipinchindi. padihedava mariyu paddenimidava sataabdaala natiki, vidyaavantulaina vietnamese tamanu mariyu vaari prajalanu "ngui viyat" mariyu "ngui naam" anie pilicharu, ivi kalisi "ngui vietnam" (vietnamese prajalu) gaa marai. ayithe, eee hodha vietnamese kosam, mottam deshaaniki kaadu.
roopam () mottamodata 16va sataabdapu vaachya padyam "summ trang trimh" loe namodu cheyabadindi. 16va mariyu 17va sataabdaalaloo chekkabadina 12 stellapy kooda eee paeru kanugonabadindi, veetilo okati 1558 naati haav faanglooni bavo laam pagoda vadda undhi. 1802loe, nguen phuk aanh (taruvaata jiah long chakravarthy ayyadu) nguen raajavamsaanni sthaapinchaadu. thana paalana rendava samvatsaramlo, annamlo adhikaranni swaadheenam chesukunna tarvaata tanaku 'naam viet/nanue raaju' (chainees aksharamlo) anae birudunu pradaanam cheyamani king raajavamsam yokka jiacking chakravartini koraadu. dakshina chainaalooni gwangji mariyu gwangdong praantaalanu kaligi unna jhaavo tuvo yokka naanyuutoe sambandham unnanduna chakravarthy niraakarinchaadu. anduvalla, king chakravarthy eee praantaanni "vietnam" anie pilavaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. 1804 mariyu 1813 madhya, vietnam paerunu adhikarikamga jiah long chakravarthy upayoginchaaru.
meeru.
1839loe, minh mong chakravarthy paalanalo, saamrajyam yokka adhikaarika paeru δαιViηtnam (δειταν, antey "goppa vietnam"), mariyu dheenini "δαιν" (δεν, antey "goppa dakshinam") gaa kudinchaaru.
moodu.
1930laloe daani prabhutvam thana adhikaarika patraalapai "naam train" (dakshina raajavamsam) anae paerunu upayoginchindi.
itara paerlu.
gatamlo paaschaatyulu eee rajyaanni tarachugaa "annam" ledhaa "annamite saamrajyam" anie pilicheevaaru."edemaina, vietnamese charitralo, aadhunika charitrakaarulu tarachugaa vietnamese charitralo eee kaalanni nguen vietnam anie pilustaaru, pratyamnaayamgaa nguen vietnam anie pilustaaru, ledhaa 19va sataabdaaniki mundu unna thaay viyat raajyamtho thedaanu gurtinchadaaniki vietnam anie pilustaaru.
charitra.
nepathyam mariyu sthaapana.
nguen vamsam yokka muulam.
thanhova provincelo udbhavinchina nguen vamsam, prarambha aadhunika vietnamese charitralo edho oka roopamlo gananeeyamaina raajakeeya prabhavanni mariyu sainika saktini chalakalamga choopindi. 965loe chakravarthy dinh bonh aadhvaryamlo swalpakaalika dinh raajavamsaaniki modati grand chhansalarga enguen baak niyamitulainappudu paalaka unnatavargaalato vamsam yokka anubandhalu padava sataabdam nativi. vaari prabhaavaalaku maroka udaaharana chakravarthy lae thaay tong yokka saamraagni bhaarya nguen thanh dwara sakaram avutundi; aame thana kumarudu, baala chakravarthy lenhan tong kosam 1442 mariyu 1453 madhya adhikaarika regentga panichesindi.
raajavamsam yokka nammakamaina saamantulu.
1527loe, maak dung, lae raajavamsam yokka saamantulanu oodinchi, uriteesina taruvaata, oka tirugubaatulo, madhyantara vijaetagaa udbhavinchi, maak raajavamsaanni sthaapinchindi. athanu leey chakravartini tolaginchadam dwara ilaa chesaadu, leey kung hong, thana kosam simhasananni swaadheenam chesukuni, okappudu sampannamaina conny taruvaata ksheenistunna leey raajavamsaanni samarthavantamgaa antam chesaadu. thana mitraraajyaalato kalisi nguen vamsaaniki naayakudaina nguen kimm kumarudu, tranh vamsam lae raajavamsaaniki teevramgaa vidheyata chuupaadu. vaaru lii raajavamsaanni tirigi adhikaaramloki teesukuraavadaaniki prayatninchaaru, nammakamaina kaaranaaniki anukuulamgaa, maak vyatiraeka tirugubaatunu prerepinchaaru. tran mariyu nguen vamsam rendoo mallee thaan hoow provincelo aayudhalu ettukoni, makuku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu chesaayi. ayithe prarambha tirugubaatu viphalamaindi mariyu vidheyata dalaalu laan shang raajyaaniki paripovalsi vachindi, akkada raaju photisarat vaarini jaam newa (aadhunika lavos) loe bahishkarinchabadina vidheyata prabhutvaanni sthaapinchadaaniki anumatistaadu. saamraajya kutumbaaniki chendina vaarasudaina lae ninh aadhvaryamlo unna lii vidheyulu muwang phuwan (nedu lavos) kuu paaripoyaaru. eee pravaasa samayamlo, oka thaanku chendina marquis, nguen kimm, lae chakravarthiki ippatikee vidheyata unnavaarini pilipinchi, maak dang pedaku vyatiraekamgaa maroka tirugubaatunu praarambhinchadaaniki kotta sainyanni erpaatu chesaaru. 1539loe, sankeernam thaay viyat kuu tirigi vacchi, thanholoni maakku vyatiraekamgaa vaari sainika dandayaatranu praarambhinchi, 1543loe taydonu swaadheenam chesukundi.
dakshinaana nguen yokka aadhipatyam.
1539loe, laa raajavamsam thang langlo maakku vyatiraekamgaa punaruddharinchabadindi, idhi vishwaasapaatrudu thaan hoow praavinsnu swaadheenam chesukunna taruvaata jarigindi, lae chakravarthy lae trang tangnu simhaasanampai tirigi sthaapinchaaru. ayithe, eee samayamlo MAC ippatikee rajadhani sahaa desham yokka chaalaa niyantristundi, chaalaa kaalam. 12 samvatsaraala leey-maak yuddham (1533 nundi 1545 varaku) mariyu uttara mariyu dakshina raajavamsaala kaalam antataa vidheyula nayakudiga panichesina nguen kimm, 1545loe swaadheenam chesukunna maak general, dung chaap nott chetha hatya cheyabaddaadu. guen kimm maraninchina koddikaalaanike, athani alludu, tranh vamsam nayakudu tranh kimm, vidheyata dalaala niyantrananu swaadheenam chesukovadaniki kimm pedda kumarudu nguen ungnu champadu. kimm yokka aarava kumarudu, nguen hong, thana vidhi thana annaiah laaga untundani bhayapaddadu; anduvalla, athanu prakshaalanalanu nivaarinchadaaniki rajadhani nundi tappinchukovadaaniki prayatninchaadu. taruvaata, athanu thana sodari, nguen thangok baa (tran kimm bhaarya) nuu tananu dakshina sarihaddu ayina tuen hoow (aadhunika kwang binh nundi kwangnam praavinsulu) governorga niyaminchamani kimnu adagamani adugutaadu. rajadhani nagaram nundi dhooramgaa unna nguen hong yokka shakti mariyu prabhavanni tolaginche avakaasamgaa eee pratipaadananu bhaavinchi, eee pratipaadanaku angeekarinchaaru. 
1558loe, kottagaa punaruddharinchabadina lae raajavamsam chakravarthy ayina lenn tong, gatamlo 15va sataabdamloo champa rajyam nundi swaadheenam chesukunna bhuubhaagamaina tuyan hoow yokka prabhuvuku nguen hongnu niyaminchaadu. nguen hong laangnu vidichipettina eee sanghatana, uttaraana tama adhikaranni patishtam chesukuntu, oka pratyaekamaina raajakeeya vyavasthanu sthaapinchi, leey chakravartulu (pramukhuluga) paripalinchetappudu, inca trun prabhuvulu (vaastava raajakeeya adhikaranni upayoginchetappudu) paripalinchetappudu, taruvaata daarilo vai whit yokka vichchinnam mariyu vibhajanaku punaadi vesindi. intalo nguen vamsam yokka vaarasulu, nguen hong yokka raktarekha dwara dakshinaana paalistaaru; nguen vamsam, uttaraana vaari tran bandhuvula maadirigaane, lii chakravartula adhikaranni gurtistundi. ayithe, rendu kutumbaala adhikaarika vibhedaalu 1627 varaku, antey iddari madhya modati yuddham varaku prarambham kaaledu.
nguen phuk laan 1636loe fusuan nagaranni thana nivasamga enchukuni, desamloni dakshina bhaagamlo nguen prabhuvu aadhipatyaanni sthaapinchaadu. nguen mariyu traan prabhuvulu tama tama bhoomulalo vaastava palakulaga paalinchinappatikii, vaaru laanchanapraayamaina sangnalo laam chakravartulaku adhikaarika nivaali arpinchaaru, mariyu laam raajavamsamnu vai whit yokka chattabaddhatagaa gurtinchaaru.
guen-trunh gharshana.
nguen hong mariyu athani vaarasulu swayampratipatti palananu srushtinchadaaniki prayatninchinappudu hanoiloni kendra prabhutvaaniki pannu mariyu kappam chellinchadaaniki niraakarinchina taruvaata, nguen hong mariyu athani vaarasulu tran lardlatho satrutvamlo palgonadam praarambhinchaaru. vaaru kambodiyaaloni konni bhaagaalanu rakshita raajyamgaa marchadam dwara tama bhoobhaganni vistarinchaaru, lavos meeda daadi chesi, 1693loe champa yokka chivari avasheshaalanu swaadheenam chesukuni, 1776 varaku vidadeeyaraani rekhalo paalinchaaru.
tye saan-nguen yuddham (1771-1802).
guen prabhuvula paalana mugimpu.
17va sataabdamloo tran mariyu nguen madhya jarigina yuddham asoukaryamaina saantitoe mugisindi, rendu vaipula vaastavamgaa ververu rashtraalanu srushtinchaayi, ayithe rendoo oke lae raajavamsaaniki vidheyata chupayi. 100 samvatsaraala desheeya shanti taruvaata, 1774loe nguen prabhuvulu tye saan tirugubaatunu edurkonnaru. kambodiyalo varusa poraataala tarvaata daani sainyam maanavasaktilo gananeeyamaina nashtanni chavichusindi mariyu tirugubaatunu adupu cheyalekapoyindi. samvatsaram chivari natiki, tran prabhuvulu thai saan tirugubaatudaarulato pottu yerparachukuni 1775loe huyy nuu swaadheenam chesukunnaru.
guen lard, guen phuk tuyan dakshinaana kwang naam provinsku paaripoyaadu, akkada athanu saha-palakudu guen phuk duang aadhvaryamlo oka rakshana dalam vadili vellaadu. athanu samudram dwara marinta dakshinaana jiah daan provins (aadhunika hoow chii minh nagaram chuttoo) kuu paaripoyaadu, tye saan nayakudu nguen nock raakaku mundu, athani dalaalu nguen dalamnu oodinchi kwangamnu swaadheenam chesukunnayi.
1777 praarambhamlo nguen huye mariyu nguen la aadhvaryamlo oka pedda sainikadhikarulu samudram nundi giah daan paie daadi chesi swaadheenam chesukuni nguen lard dalaalanu oodinchaaru. vietnamese prajala champiyanluga tamanu taamu pradarsinchukunnanduna, taison vistrutamaina prajaadarananu pondindi, vaaru etuvanti videshee prabhavanni tiraskarinchaaru mariyu lae raajavamsam yokka puurti punaruddharana kosam poraadaaru. anduvalla, nguen mariyu trinh prabhuvulanu tolaginchadam pradhaanyatagaa pariganinchabadindi mariyu saigaon vadda bandhinchabadina nguen kutumbamloni oka sabhyudu minaha andaruu uriteeyabaddaaru.
guen aann tappinchukuntaadu.
1775loe, 13 yella nguen aann tappinchukoni, vietnamese catholic poojaari paal hoow vaan ng sahayamtho tvaralo haa tian looni paris farrin mission sosaiteeki cherukunnadu. teyy sunn serch paarteelu moosiveyadamtho, athanu kadulutuu unnadu mariyu chivariki french missionary pigneyu dii behainnu kalusukunnadu. thailand gulph looni chu deevulaku tirogamanam dwara, iddaroo swaadheenam nundi tappinchukunnaaru.
tananu taanu nguen prabhuvuku varasudiga prakatinchina aanhku maddatu ivvaalani pigneyu dii behain nirnayinchukunnadu. oka nela taruvaata nguen hui aadhvaryamlo unna toy saan sainyam tirigi kway nhanku vachindi. aann eee avakaasaanni sadviniyogam chesukuni, long juenloni thana kotta sthaavaram vadda twaragaa sainyanni penchi, jiah daan kuu kavaatu chesi, december 1777loe nagaranni aakraminchaadu. thai saan fibravari 1778loe jiah daan kuu tirigi vacchi praavinsnu tirigi swaadheenam chesukunnadu. aanh thana sainyamtho sameepinchinappudu, taisan venakki taggadu.
1781 vesavi natiki, dii behain sahayamtho sekarinchina 30,000 mandhi sainikulu, 80 yuddhanaukalu, moodu pedda noukalu mariyu rendu portugees noukalaku aanh dalaalu perigayi. aanh phu yenn provinceloni teyson bays camplapy vijayavantam kaani aakasmika daadini nirvahinchaadu. 1782 maarchilo thai saan chakravarthy thai dock mariyu athani sodarudu nguen huyy anevaaru aanh paie daadi cheyadaaniki naukaadalaanni pampaaru. aanhu sainyam odipoyi, athanu baa jiang dwara kambodiyaaloni sway riyengku paaripoyaadu.
nguen-cambodian oppandam.
conbodian raaju aang ingnu aanhu kalusukunnaru, athanu atanni bahishkarinchi, tye saanto thana poraatamlo maddatu icchaadu. 1782 eprillo oka thaay saan sainyam kambodiyapai daadi chesi, nirbandhinchi, aam ingnu kappam kattamani balavantam chesi, cambodialo nivasistunna vietnamese jaateeyulandaroo viyatnaanku tirigi raavaalani demand chesindi.
nguen aanku chaina vietnamese maddatu.
quing raajavamsam ming raajavamsaanni padagottinapudu chainees vietnamese maddatu praarambhamaindi. hohn chaineeyulu manchuu king krinda nivasinchadaaniki niraakarinchi aagneya asiaku (viyatnaamtoe sahaa) paaripoyaaru. dakshina viyatnaamlo punaravasam pondadaaniki mariyu vyaparam mariyu vaanijyaanni erpaatu cheyadaaniki chaalaa mandini nguen prabhuvulu swaagatinchaaru.
1782loe, nguen aann kambodiyaku paaripoyaadu mariyu thai saan dakshina vietnam (ippudu kochinchina) nuu swaadheenam chesukunnadu. vaaru chaineeyula-vietnamese patla asantruptigaa, chaineeyula jaatipai vivaksha chuupaaru. aaa april loe, guen vidheyulu, traan xuan tratch, traan vaan thu mariyu traan kong chang, aanhku sainika maddatunu pampaaru. chakravarthy thai daaktho sannihita sambandham unna grand admiral faam nangaannu nguen sainyam thaam long vantena vadda champindi. kopamgaa unna thaak, jaathi chaineeyulu hatyalo sahakarinchaarani bhaavinchaaru. athanu pedda chainees janabhanu kaligi unna kuu laavo (prastuta bian hoow) pattanaanni tolaginchaadu mariyu chaina samajam yokka anachivetanu aanhku vaari sahaayaaniki prateekaaram teerchukoovaalani aadesinchaadu. jaathi prakshaalana gatamlo hoy aanlo jarigindi, idhi dhanika chaineeyula maddatuku daariteesindi. athanu jiangku tirigi vacchi, tye saan yokka admiral nguen hokenu oodinchi, enabhai yuddhanaukalu swaadheenam chesukunnadu. aaa taruvaata dakshina viyatnaamnu tirigi swaadheenam chesukovadaniki oka dandayaatranu praarambhinchaadu, conny nguen huu nadipai naukaadalaanni moharinchi, athani naukaadalaanni naasanam chesaadu. ānh mallii thana anucharulatho kalisi havu jiangku paaripoyaadu. kambodia taruvaata aann yokka balaganni naasanam cheyadaaniki tye saanto sahakarinchindi mariyu atanni raach jiaku, taruvaata haa tien mariyu phu kwaakku tirigi vellelaa chesindi.
nguen-siam kootami.
thai saan chetilo varusa nashtalanu chavichusina taruvaata, sainika sahayanni abhyardhinchadaaniki aanh thana general chaa vu vaan tipnu siam kuu pampaadu. chakri paalanalo siam kambodia mariyu dakshina viyatnaamnu jayinchaalani korukunnadu. raaju modati raama guen prabhuvutho pottu pettukoovadaaniki mariyu viyatnaamlo sainikamgaa jokyam chesukovadaniki angeekarinchaadu. kootami gurinchi chaa vaan teap aanhku rahasya lekha pampaadu. kaa mou, aann vadda siamese generallatho samavesamaina taruvaata, muppai mandhi adhikarulu mariyu kontamandi dalaalu 1784 maeloe raama I nii kalavadaniki baankaaknu sandarsinchaaru. jiah daan provins governor, nguen vaan thaan, videshee sahaayaaniki vyatiraekamgaa aanh kuu salaha icchaaru.
kambodia mariyu lavoslo thai saan raajavamsam yokka perugutunna prabhaavaaniki bhayapadi modati raama, daaniki vyatiraekamgaa thana sainyanni pampaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. bancocklo, aanh thana sainyamlo chaeradaaniki siam looni vietnamese saranaarthulanu niyaminchadam praarambhinchaadu (idhi mottam 9,000 mandiki paiga). athanu viyatnaanku tirigi vacchi, juun 1784loe thai saan dandayaatra kosam thana dalaalanu siddham chesaadu, aaa taruvaata athanu jiah daannu swaadheenam chesukunnadu. modati raama thana menalludu chiyu tong nuu marusati nelaloo admiral gaa niyaminchaadu. admiral 20,000 samudra dalaalu mariyu 300 yuddhanaukalatho sahaa siami dalaalaku siam gulph nundi keane jiang provins varaku naayakatvam vahinchaadu. adanamgaa, 30,000 kante ekkuva siamese padaatidala dalaalu cambodian sarihaddunu daati jiang provinsku cherukunnayi. 25 november 1784naa, admiral chaa vu vaan tip, vinh long provinceloni mong thit jillaalo tonn kuu vyatiraekamgaa jarigina yuddhamlo maraninchaadu. juulai nundi november varaku kootami ekkuvagaa vijayam saadhinchindi, mariyu thai saan sainyam uttaraana venakki taggindi. ayithe, chakravarthy nguen huyi tirogamanaanni nilipivesi, decemberulo siami dalaalapai edurudaadi chesaadu. nirnayaatmaka raach gaam-soyi mutt yuddhamlo, 20,000 mandiki paiga siamese sainikulu maraninchaaru mariyu migilina vaaru siamku tirigi vellaaru.
siam patla bhramalu padina aanh, 1785 eprillo chu dveepaaniki, aapai thaaylaandlooni koo kutt dveepaaniki paaripoyaadu. siamese sainyam atanni tirigi bankakku teesukuvellindi, athanu kontakaalam thaayilaandlo bahishkarinchabaddaadu.
french sahayam.
nguen prabhuvu mariyu teyy saan raajavamsam madhya jarigina yuddham marinta mandhi mitrulanu kanugonavalasi vachindi. dii behainto athani sambandham merugupadindi, fransto pottuku maddatu perigindi. siamese sainika sahayam kosam abhyardhanaku mundu, dii behain chantaburilo unnadu mariyu ānh atanni phu kwak dveepaaniki raavaalani koraadu. sahayam kosam france raaju luis XVI nii sampradinchamani aanh atanni koraadu; france mariyu vietnam madhya kuutamini samanvayam cheyadaaniki dii behain angeekarinchaadu, mariyu french aasthaanamlo haajaru kaavadaaniki aanh ataniki oka lekhanu icchaadu. aanh pedda kumarudu, nguen phuk cohn, dii behainto paatu velladaaniki empika cheyabaddaadu. pratikuula vaataavaranam kaaranamgaa, samudrayaanam december 1784 varaku vaida padindi. samuuham puu kwak dveepam nundi malakka mariyu akkada nundi paandicheriki bayaluderindi, mariyu aah thana kutumbaanni bankakku taralinchaadu. eee brundam 1787 fibravarilo lorient cherukundi, mariyu luis XVI mae nelaloo vaarini kalavadaniki angeekarinchaadu.
1787 november 28naa, dii behain, nguen aanh tarapuna versiles rajabhavanamlo french videsanga mantri armond markto versiles oppandampai santakam chesaaru. eee oppandam prakaram france naalugu yuddhanaukalu, 1,200 padaatidala dalaalu, 200 firangulu, 250 caferlu (african sainikulu) mariyu itara parikaraalanu andistundi. nguen aanh daa enn enn estury mariyu cone saan dveepaanni fraansku appaginchaaru. viyatnaamlo swechchagaa vaanijyam cheyadaaniki, videshee vaanijyaanni niyantrinchadaaniki frenchivaariki anumati labhinchindi. vietnam samvatsaraaniki oka oodanu nirminchaalsi vachindi, idhi sahayam teesukuvacchi fraansku icchina french ooda maadirigaane undhi. french itara thoorpu asea deshaalatho yuddhamlo unnappudu fraansku aaharam mariyu itara sahayanni sarafara cheyalsina baadhyata viyatnaampai undedi.
1787 decemberu 27naa, pigneyu dii behain mariyu nguen phuk cohn oppandam dwara vaagdaanam cheyabadina sainika maddatu kosam vechi undataaniki france nundi pandicherry bayaludaeraaru. ayithe, french viplavam mariyu french racharikam raddu kaaranamgaa, eee oppandam ennadoo amalu kaaledu. french sahaayaaniki baadhyata vahinche thamus conway daanini andinchadaaniki niraakarinchaadu. eee oppandam amalu cheyabadanappatiki, dii behain viyatnaamlo vaanijyam cheyalanukunna french vyaapaaravaettanu niyaminchi, nguen aanh kuu sahayam cheyadaaniki nidhulanu sekarinchaadu. athanu tupaakulu mariyu yuddhanaukalanu konugolu cheyadaaniki thana sonta dabbulo padihenu vaela fraanklanu kharchu chesaadu. 1788loe (nguen aann daanini tirigi swaadheenam chesukunna taruvaata) cohn mariyu dii behain zian kuu tirigi vacchaaru, taruvaata yuddha saamagrini kaligi unna ooda vachindi. niyaminchabadina french vyaktulalo zeane-baptist chaignou, phillip vanier, olivier dii puymanel mariyu zeane-maerii diat unnaaru. mottam iravai mandhi aanhu sainyamlo cheraaru. french konugolu chesi, parikaraalu mariyu aayudhalanu sarafara chesindi, idhi european namuunaa prakaram jiah daan, winn long, chaak, haa tien, bian hoow, baa raa mariyu sikshana aann yokka phirangi mariyu padaatidala rakshananu balopetam chesindi.
quing chaina-thai saanku vyatiraekamgaa kootami.
1786loe, nguen huye tranh prabhuvulaku vyatiraekamgaa sainyanni nadipinchaadu; tranh khaayi uttaraana tappinchukunnadu, conny sthaanika prajalachae bandhinchabaddaadu. aaa tarvaata aatmahatya chesukunnadu. thai saan sainyam kway nhan kuu tirigi vacchina taruvaata, tranh prabhuvu yokka prajalu tranh bong (tranh jiang kumarudu) nuu tadupari prabhuvuga punaruddharinchaaru. lae raajavamsam chakravarthy lae chiyu thang, tran nundi adhikaranni tirigi pondaalanukunnaadu. athanu thang long saamraajya koota vadda traan lard meeda daadi cheyadaaniki nghan governor nguen huv chinhnu pilichadu. tranh bong leeki longipoyi sanyasi ayyadu. enguen huv chinh deshaanni lii paalanalo ekam cheyalanukunnadu, mariyu dakshinaana kavaatu cheyadaaniki mariyu tye sanpai daadi cheyadaaniki sainyanni siddham cheyadam praarambhinchaadu. huu sainyaniki naayakatvam vahinchi, nguen huv chhannu champi, taruvaati lii rajadhaanini swaadheenam chesukunnadu. saamraajya kutumbam chainaku bahishkarinchabadindi, taruvaata leey raajavamsam koolipoyindi.
aaa samayamlo, uttara viyatnaamlo nguen hui prabhavam balamgaa maarindi; idhi tye saan raajavamsaaniki chendina chakravarthy nguen nuik nuu hui yokka vidheyatanu anumaninchela chesindi. sodarula madhya sambandham udriktamgaa maarindi, chivariki yuddhaaniki daariteesindi. 1787loe huyy thana sainyanni nock rajadhaanini, kvi none citadel vadda chuttumuttadu. atanini champavaddani nock huyni vaedukunnaaru, mariyu vaaru raajeepaddaaru. 1788loe, leey chakravarthy lae chiyu thang chainaku paaripoyi sainika sahayam koraadu. viyatnaamloki sainika dandayaatraku naayakatvam vahinchaalani king chakravarthy kian long sunn sheeini aadesinchaadu. pracharam viphalamaindi, viyatnaamtoe dautya sambandhaalu saadhaaraneekarinchabaddaayi, mariyu thai saan raajavamsam balaheenapadatam praarambhinchindi.
thai saanku vyatiraekamgaa franco-nguen kootami.
nguen aann yokka eduru daadi.
anh siam loe balamaina saayudha dalaanni punarvyavastheekarinchadam praarambhinchaadu. athanu siamnu vidichipetti (modati raajaina ramaku krutagnatalu telipina taruvaata) viyatnaanku tirigi vacchaadu. 1787loe uttara viyatnaamlooni nguen huu mariyu nguen naakla madhya jarigina yuddhamlo, aanh dakshina vietnam rajadhani jiah daannu tirigi swaadheenam chesukunnadu. dakshina vietnam nuguyenlu paalinchaaru mariyu vaaru prajaadarana pondaaru, mukhyamgaa jaathi chaineeyulalo. dakshina viyatnaamnu paalinchina tye saan (dakshina viyatnaamnu paalinchina) yokka chinna sodarudu nguen, kotanu rakshinchalekapoyadu mariyu kvi nhonku tirigi vellipoyaadu. giah danh kotanu nguen prabhuvulu swaadheenam chesukunnaru.
1788loe dii behain mariyu aanh kumarudu, prins cohn, aadhunika yuddha parikaraalu mariyu sainyamlo cheralanukunna iravai mandiki paiga french vyaktulatoe zian cherukunnaru. french sahayamtho dalaaniki sikshana icchi balopetam chesaaru.
tsn yokka otami.
jiah daan vadda koota patanam taruvaata, nguen huu 1792 septembaru 16naa thana maranaaniki mundu daanini tirigi pondadaaniki oka dandayaatranu siddham chesaadu. athani chinna kumarudu nguen kwang tone, athani taruvaata tye saan chakravartigaa baadhyatalu sweekarinchaadu mariyu oka paedha nayakudu. 1793loe, nguen aanh kwang toneku vyatiraekamgaa dandayaatranu praarambhinchaadu. thai saan aasthaana adhikaarula madhya gharshana kaaranamgaa, kwang tone yuddham tarvaata yuddhamlo odipoyaadu. 1797loe, aann mariyu nguen phuk cohn, thaay yuddhamlo kvi nhan (appudu phu yenn provincelo) paie daadi chesaaru. vaaru pedda mottamlo toy saan parikaraalanu swaadheenam chesukuni vijayam saadhinchaaru. general luu mariyu adhikaarula hatyala kaaranamgaa kwang tone janaadarana pondaledu, idhi sainyamlo ksheenataku daariteesindi. 1799loe, aanh kvi nhone kotanu swaadheenam chesukunnadu. athanu 3 mae 1801naa rajadhani (fusuan) nuu swaadheenam chesukunnadu, kwang tone uttaraana venakki taggadu. 1802 juulai 20naa, hohn hanoini swaadheenam chesukuni, thai saan raajavamsaanni muginchaadu, thai saan sabhyulandarinee swaadheenam chesukunnaru. aaa samvatsaram thaan raajavamsam sabhyulandarinee aaa taruvaata uriteesaaru.
saamraajya paalana (1802-1883).
sameeksha.
vietnamese charitralo, swatantra kaalanni nha nguen thayk laap kaalam anie pilustaaru. eee kaalamlo nguen raajavamsam yokka bhoobhagalalo prastuta vietnam bhuubhaagaalu mariyu aadhunika kambodia mariyu lavos yokka konni bhagalu unnaayi, ivi paschimaana siam mariyu uttaraana maanchu quing raajavamsaaniki sarihaddulugaa unnaayi. paalaka nguen chakravartulu vietnam yokka modati baga nirvachinchabadina saamraajya paripalana mariyu bureaucratic vyavasthanu sthaapinchi, nadiparu mariyu 1830laloe kambodia mariyu champalanu daani bhoobhagalalo vileenam chesaaru. chakri siam mariyu konbang barmalatho kalisi, aaa samayamlo moodu pradhana agneyasia saktulalo idhi okati. chakravarthy jiah langku paaschaatya saktulu, kraistavatvam patla snehapuurvakamgaa undevaaru. minh mong thana paalanalo kotta vidhananni teesukuvacchina taruvaata, athanu 1820 nundi 1841 varaku 21 samvatsaraalu sampradaayavaada mariyu confucian palakudiga paalinchaadu; 1858loe french dandayaatra varaku daadaapu 40 samvatsaraalu deshaanni migataa prapanchaaniki dhooramgaa unchina ontaritanam vidhananni pravesapettaadu. minh mong kaathalikkulu, muslimlu mariyu jaathi minoritylapai niyantrananu kathinataram chesaadu, phalitamgaa athani iravai oka samvatsaram paalanalo desavyaaptamgaa rendu vandala kante ekkuva tirugubaatlu jarigaayi. athanu aadhunika lavos mariyu kambodiyalo vietnamese saamraajyavaadaanni marinta vistarinchaadu.
minh mong vaarasulu, teeyu throo (r. 1841-1847) mariyu τρ (r. 1847-1883) teevramaina samasyala valla daadi cheyabadutundi, idhi chivariki vietnamese rashtraanni naasanam chesindi. 1840la chivaralo, vietnam prapancha kalara mahammaritho debbatindi, idhi dhesha janabhalo sumaru 8 saatam mandini champindi, ayithe aaa dhesha ontaritana vidhanalu aardhika vyavasthanu debbateesaayi. 1858 septembarulo france mariyu speyin viyatnaampai yuddham prakatinchaayi. eee paarisraamika saktulanu edurkonna sanyasi nguen raajavamsam mariyu daani sainyam kuppakuulipooyindi, 1859 praarambhamlo saigaannu swaadheenam chesukunna kootami. modata 1862 saigaon oppandam, taruvaata 1863 huye oppandam, idhi vietnamese naukaasrayaalaku fraansku praapyatanu icchi, daani videshee vyavaharalapai niyantrananu penchindi. saigaon oppandam (1874) 1862loe praarambhamaina french kochinchina viliinaanni muginchindi.
chivari swatantra guen chakravarthy thuk. athani maranam taruvaata vaarasatva sankshobham erpadindi, endukante raajapratinidhi tonn thutt tuet oka samvatsaramlo mugguru chakravartula hatyalaku pranaalika vaesaadu. idhi frenchivaariki oka avakaasaanni andinchindi. 1883 septembarulo hyuu kortu hermond conventionpy santakam cheyavalasi vachindi, idhi tonkinnu french paripalanaku appaginchadaanni lanchanaprayamga chesindi. 1884loe patenotre oppandam santakam cheyabadina taruvaata, france viyatnaamnu french indochaina yokka moodu rajyanga rakshita praantalugaa vileenam chesi, vibhajinchi, nguennu saamanta raacharikamgaa maarchindi. chivaraku, chainees saamrajyam mariyu french republic madhya tiensin oppandam (1885) 1885 juun 9naa viyatnaampai french aadhipatyaanni gurtistuu santakam cheyabadindi. dong khaan taruvaata chakravartulandarini french vaaru ennukunnaaru, mariyu vaaru prateekaatmakamgaa matrame paalinchaaru.
deerghakaalam.
desham yokka moodu vandala samvatsaraala vibhajana taruvaata viyatnaamnu enguen phuk aann ekam chesaaru. athanu 1802 juun 1naa huu vadda thana pattaabhishekaanni jarupukunnadu mariyu giah long (<unk>) anae yugam paerutoe tananu taanu chakravartigaa prakatinchukunnadu. eee birudu suduura dakshinaana "jiah" danh praantam (aadhunika saigaon) nundi uttaraana thang "long" (aadhunika hanoi) varaku athani palananu nokki cheppindi. jiah chaalaa kaalamgaa dhesha rakshanaku praadhaanyata ichindi mariyu maroka antaryuddhaanni nivaarinchadaaniki krushi chesindi. athanu bhuswamya vyavastha sthaanamlo confucianism aadhaaramgaa samskaranavaada "madhyastha siddhaantam" nuu sthaapinchaadu. chaina aadhipatyaanni gurtinchinanduku giac chakravarthy nundi vietnam palakudiga jiaku sudeerghakaalam saamraajya kshamaapana mariyu gurtimpu labhinchadamtho, nguen raajavamsam quing saamrajyam yokka upanadi rashtramgaa sthaapinchabadindi. eee gurtimpunu pondadaaniki chainaku pampina raayabaarulu puraatana raajyamaina nanue (vietnamese "naam viyat") nuu chakravarthy jiacking kuu aaa dhesha paerugaa paerkonnaaru, idhi atuvanti natana bhaavaalato niraasaku guraina chakravartini asantrupti parachindi, mariyu chakravartini santrupti parachadaniki taruvaati samvatsaram nguen phukh thana rajyaanni adhikarikamga "vietnam" gaa paeru marchavalasi vachindi. eee deshaanni adhikarikamga '(goppa) vietnamese rashtram' (vietnamese даи vietnam qwhc) anie pilicheevaaru.
padihenava sataabdapu swarna yugamlo (1470-1497) king lae thaan tong nirminchina bureaucratic rashtraanni punaruddharistunnaani jiah chalakalamga nokkichepparu, anduvalla athanu confucian-bureaucratic prabhutva namuunaanu sweekarinchaadu mariyu uttara aksharaasyatatoo ekikarananu korukunnadu. ekikruta raajyampai sthirathvaanni nirdhaarinchadaaniki, athanu thana atyanta viswasaneeya mariyu confucian-vidyaavantulaina salahaadaarulalo iddarini, nguen vaan thaan mariyu leey vaan duetlanu hanoi mariyu saigaon vaisraylugaa niyaminchaadu. 1780 nundi 1820 varaku, sumaru 300 mandhi french prajalu jiah long aasthaanamlo adhikaruluga panicheesaaru. viyatnaamlo french prabhavanni bhayamtho chusina british saamrajyam 1803 mariyu 1804loe iddaru raayabaarulanu jiaku pampi frenchto thana snehaanni vidichipettamani oppinchindi. 1808loe, vilium oo 'brain drury netrutvamloni british naukaadalam erra nadhi deltapy daadi chesindi, conny twaralone vietnamese naavikaadalam vaarini venakki nettivesi aneka nashtalanu chavichusindi. nepolian yuddham mariyu jiah long maranam taruvaata, british saamrajyam 1822loe viyatnaamtoe sambandhaanni punaruddharinchindi. athani paalanalo, hanoi, hyuu mariyu saigaannu tapala kendraalu mariyu satraalatoe kalipe rahadari vyavastha sthaapinchabadindi, mccong nadini gulph off siamto kalipe aneka kaaluvalu nirminchabaddaayi mariyu puurtayyaayi. 1812loe, jiah long jiah long kodnu jaarii chesindi, idhi chaina yokka ching code aadhaaramgaa sthaapinchabadindi, idhi munupati thaan tong yokka 1480 kodnu bharti chesindi. 1811loe, vietnamese upanadi raashtramaina kambodia raajyamlo tirugubaatu jarigindi, vietnam anukuula raaju rendava aang chaan vietnam nundi maddatu koravalasi vachindi. jiah sudeerghakaalam kambodiyaku 13,000 mandhi purushulanu pampi, thana saamantulanu vijayavantamgaa thana simhaasanaaniki punaruddharinchi, tadupari 30 samvatsaraala paatu deshaanni marinta adhikaarika aakramananu praarambhinchagaa, siam 1814loe uttara kambodiyanu swaadheenam chesukundi.
jiah 1819loe chaalaa kaalam maraninchaadu mariyu athani naalugo kumarudu nguen phuk daam, taruvaata adhikaaramloki vacchaadu, athanu tvaralo chakravarthy minh mong (r. viyatnaanku chendina 1820-1841).
minh mong kinda perugudala mariyu vistarana.
minh mong yuvaraju nguen phuk cohn yokka tammudu mariyu chakravarthy jiah long yokka nalgava kumarudu. yuvata nundi confucian suutraalaloo chaduvukunna minh myaang 1820loe vietnam chakravarthy ayyadu, desavyaaptamgaa 200,000 mandini naasanam chesi champina ghoramaina kalara vyaapti samayamlo. ayana paalana pradhanamgaa vaisray vyavasthanu raddu cheyadam dwara mariyu kotta puurti adhikara-praantiiya-aadhaarita paripalananu amalu cheyadam dwara rashtraanni kendrikarinchadam mariyu sthireekarinchadampai drushti pettindi. athanu airopatho doutyaanni kooda nilipivesi, mataparamaina alpasankhyaakulapai viruchukupaddadu.
minh mong european saktulatoe sambandhaalanu dhooram chesaadu. 1824 natiki, zeane maerii depiao maranam taruvaata, jiaku ekkuva kaalam seva chesina paaschaatya salahaadaarulu evaruu minh myaang aasthaanamlo undaledu. vietnam yokka chivari french consul, yujeen chaignou, minh mangto prekshakulanu ennadoo pondalekapoyadu. ayana vellipoyina taruvaata, france sampradimpu prayatnaalanu nilipivesindi. marusati samvatsaram ayana mataanni "durmaargamainadi" mariyu "tappudu bodhanalatho nindi undani khandistu kaathalikkulaku vyatiraeka prachara pracharanni praarambhinchaaru."1832loe minh mong, chaam mariyu vietnam madhya valasavaada sangharshana yokka sudeergha charitralo chivari vijayam ayina tunn thaan yokka chaam rajyaanni vietnamese provinsga maarchindi. athanu chaam muslimlaku balli mariyu pandhi mamsanni, chaam hinduvulaku vaari mataalanu ullanghinchi vaarini balavantamgaa vietnamese samskrutilo vileenam cheyadaaniki aavu mamsanni balavantamgaa tinipinchaadu. makka nundi viyatnaanku tirigi vacchina chaam mullah katip sumat vietnamese chakravarthiki vyatiraekamgaa pavitra yuddham (zihad) prakatinchinappudu swaatantryam kosam modati chaam tirugubaatu jarigindi. eee tirugubaatu chaam unnatavargam maddatunu pondadamlo viphalamaindi mariyu vietnamese sainyam dwara twaragaa anachiveyabadindi. taruvaati samvatsaram rendava tirugubaatu praarambhamaindi, paatha chaam raajavamsam, ettaina prajalu mariyu vietnamese asammati vyaktula maddatutoe zaa thaak anae muslim mataadhikaari naayakatvamlo jarigindi. minh mong zaa thaak tirugubaatunu nirdayagaa anachivesi, 1835 praarambhamlo chivari chaam palakudu poe phaaknu uriteesaadu.
1833loe, minh mong aaru dakshina praavinsulapai drudamaina niyantrananu pondadaaniki prayatnistunnappudu, lii vaan khoi (saigaon vaisray lii vaan duet dattata kumarudu) netrutvamloni pedda tirugubaatu saigaon loe chelaregindi, minh mong sodarudu yuvaraju kaannu simhaasanampai koorchenduku prayatninchindi. eee tirugubaatu rendu samvatsaraala paatu konasaagindi, saigaanlooni vietnamese kaathalikkulu, khmerlu, chainees vyaapaarulu mariyu siamese palakudu raama III nundi kooda chaalaa maddatunu sekarinchindi, 1835loe prabhutva dalaalu dheenini anachivese varaku. janavarilo, athanu desavyaaptamgaa kaathalikkulapai modati nishedhaanni jaarii chesi, kraistavulanu himsimchadam praarambhinchaadu. 130 mandhi kraistava mataprachaarakulu, poojaarulu mariyu charchi nayakulu uriteeyabaddaaru, dozenla koddi charchilu tagalabetti naasanam cheyabaddaayi.
siamto yuddham mariyu kambodia dandayaatra.
minh mong kooda thana saamrajyaanni paschima disagaa vistarinchaadu, madhya mariyu dakshina lavosnu kaamlo provins krinda unchaadu, mariyu vientian mariyu kambodiyalo thana tandri maajee mitrudu-siamnu dheekonnadu. athanu siameesku vyatiraekamgaa vientian raaju anowang chesina tirugubaatuku maddatu icchaadu mariyu 1827loe jaam newa mariyu savannakhetlanu swaadheenam chesukunnadu.
1834loe vietnamese kireetam kambodiyanu puurtigaa swaadheenam chesukuni, daanini thai thaan provinsga paeru maarchindi. minh mong general trung minh jiangnu cambodian provins governorga niyaminchi, thana balavantamgaa mataparamaina viliinaanni kotta bhuubhaagaaniki vistarinchaadu. kambodia raaju rendava aang chaan marusati samvatsaramlo maraninchaadu mariyu ming mong chaan kumarte aang maeni kambodia commandary yuvaraanigaa niyaminchaadu. cambodian adhikarulu vietnamese taraha dustulu dharinchi, vietnamese shaililo palinchalsi undedi. ayithe kambodiyapai vietnamese paalana ekkuva kaalam konasagaledu mariyu vietnam aardhika vyavasthanu konasaaginchadaaniki daari teesindi. minh mong 1841loe maraninchaadu, siamese maddatutoe khamer tirugubaatu konasaagutundagaa, thai thaan provins mariyu kambodiyapai vietnamese niyantranaku mugimpu palikindi.
nguen raajavamsam patanam.
taruvaati nalabhai samvatsaraalalo, viyatnaamnu maroe iddaru swatantra chakravartulu tieeyu tru (aarr. 1841-1847) mariyu τρ (r. 1848-1883). teeyu throo ledhaa prins mian tong, chakravarthy minh mong yokka pedda kumarudu. athani aarella paalanalo catholic himsa gananeeyamgaa taggindi. 1820laloe janabha 6 millionla nundi 1850loe 1 millionlaku vaegamgaa peragadamtho, vyavasaya swayam samruddhi kosam chesina prayatnaalu phalinchaledu. 1802 mariyu 1862 madhya, kortu desavyaaptamgaa raitulu, raajakeeya asammati, jaathi minoritylu, viswasaneeyulu (paatha lae duy raajavamsaaniki vidheyata kaligina prajalu) 405 chinna mariyu pedda tirugubaatlanu edurkondi, idhi european valasavaadula savaaluku pratispandinchadaanni gananeeyamgaa marinta savaluga chesindi.
1845loe, american yuddhanauka US rajyangam "daa enn" loe digindi, khaidu cheyabadina french bishop dominic lefebrane vidudala cheyalane demandlatho sthaanika adhikaarulandarinii bandeelugaa teesukundi. 1847loe, thiu tru siamto shanti oppandam kudurchukundi, conny dominic lefebray khaidu french mariyu british durakramanaku oka saaku ichindi. eprillo french naavikaadalam vietnamese meeda daadi chesi, lefebvrenu vidudala cheyaalani demand chestu aneka vietnamese noukalanu danglo munchivesindi. eee sanghatanatho aagrahinchina thiyu thana rajabhavanamloni anni european patraalanu dhvamsam cheyaalani aadesinchaadu, mariyu vietnamese bhoomilo pattubadina europeanlandarini ventane uriteeyaalani aadesinchaadu. saradrutuvulo, surr zaan davis yokka rendu british yuddhanaukalu dang cherukuni viyatnaampai vaanijya oppandaanni balavantam cheyadaaniki prayatninchaayi, conny chakravarthy niraakarinchaadu. konni rojula taruvaata athanu apoplexytho maraninchaadu.
tuke, ledhaa prins hong namm, thiu tru yokka chinna kumarudu, confucian abhyaasamlo baga chaduvukunnadu, athanu mantri mariyu saha-raajapratinidhi trung dang kvi chetha pattabhishekam cheyabaddaadu. yuvaraju hong baa-tuke yokka annaiah, jyeshtaadhikaara varasudu athani pattaabhisheka rojuna tayookku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu chesaadu. eee tirugubaatu viphalamaindi, conny athani sikshanu jeevita khaiduga tagginchadamtho, athani jokyampai athanu maranasiksha nundi tappinchabaddaadu. asealo paaschaatya prabhaavaala perugudala gurinchi telusukunna duke, european saktula patla thana taata yokka ontari vidhananni dhruvikarinchaadu, rayabara karyalayalanu nishedhinchaadu, vaanijyam mariyu vidaeseeyulatoe sambandhaanni nishedhinchaadu mariyu thana taata nirvahinchina kaathalikla himsanu punaruddharinchaadu. tuke modati pannendu samvatsaraalalo, vietnamese kaathalikkulu 27 european missionarylu, 300 vietnamese poojaarulu mariyu bishaplu mariyu 30,000 vietnamese kraistavulanu 1848 nundi 1860 varaku uriteesi siluva veyadamtho kathinamaina himsanu edurkonnaru.
1840la chivaralo, bharatadesam nundi prayaaninchina maroe kalara vyaapti viyatnaamnu taakindi. eee antuvyaadhi vaegamgaa niyantranaloki rakapovadam valla saamrajyam antataa 800,000 mandhi (vietnam yokka 1847 janabhalo 8%-10%) maraninchaaru. 1854loe midutalu uttara viyatnaamnu peedinchaayi, taruvaati samvatsaramlo jarigina pedda tirugubaatu kaaranamgaa chaalaa varaku tonn kinn graameena praantaalu debbatinnaayi. eee vividha sankshobhaalu tonn kinn meeda saamrajyaala niyantrananu gananeeyamgaa balaheenaparichaayi.
1850-1870 laloe, himsa sadalinchadamtho nyaayasthaanamlo udaaravaada medhaavula kotta taragati udbhavinchindi, vaarilo chaalaa mandhi airopalo videshaalalo chaduvukunna kaathalikkulu, mukhyamgaa guen trung tonn, paaschaatya namuunaanu anusarinchi saamrajyaanni samskarinchi, marchamani chakravartini koraru mariyu viyatnaamnu paschimaaniki terichaaru. vaari prayatnaalu unnappatikee sampradaayavaada confucian bureaucratlu mariyu trook swayamgaa ituvanti samskaranalapai aksharaasyata aasakti kaligi unnaaru. 95 saatam janabha graameena praantaallo nivasinchadamtho aardhika vyavastha ekkuvagaa vyavasayamgaa undipoyindi, ganula tavvakam matrame aadhunikavaadula paaschaatya shaili rashtram kalalaku avakaasaanni andinchindi.
french vijayam.
1858 septembarulo, nepolian III franco-spanish sainyam bambu daadini nirvahinchi, iddaru spanish dominican missionaryla maranasikshalaku vyatiraekamgaa nirasanaga dannang paie daadi chesaadu. edu nelala taruvaata, vaaru saigaon mariyu goppa mccong deltapy daadi cheyadaaniki dakshinaana prayaaninchaaru. kootami dalaalu rendu samvatsaraalu saigaannu kaligi undagaa, tananu taanu lii yuvarajuga prakatinchukunna catholic bishop pedro tonn fong netrutvamloni lii vidheyula tirugubaatu uttaraana chelaregi teevramaindi. missionaryla maranaaniki prateekaaram teerchukoovaalanae saakutho paatu, france rendava sthaayi shakti kaadani airopaku niroopinchadaaniki mariyu eee praantaanni 'nagarikata' cheyadaaniki french dandayaatra roopondinchabadindi. fibravari 1861loe, general vasoigne netrutvamloni french upabalaalu mariyu 70 yuddhanaukalu vacchi vietnamese balamaina praantaalanu akraminchayi. kootami dandayaatra mariyu antargata tirugubaatunu edurkonna thuk, ekakaala tirugubaatunu edurkovataniki moodu dakshina praavinsulanu fraansku appaginchaalani enchukunnadu.
juun 1862loe, saigaon oppandam santakam cheyabadindi, phalitamgaa vietnam moodu dakshina praavinsulanu kolpoyindi; jiah daan, america thoo, bian hoow, idhi french kochinchinaku aadharam ayyindi. huu (1863) oppandamlo poulo candore dveepam kaathalikkulanu anumatistundi, french vaanijyaaniki moodu odarevulu terichi untaayi mariyu compusialoki french vistarananu anumatinchadaaniki samudram terichi untundi. mariyu yuddha nashtapariharanni fraansku pampalsi vachindi. eee oppandamlooni mataparamaina amsaalu unnappatikee, uttara viyatnaamlo kraistava tirugubaatulo france jokyam chesukoledu, vaari missionarylu vaarini prothsahinchinappatiki. raani rajakutumbam, udaaharanaku, nyayasthaanam, prajalaku, 1862 oppandam jaateeya avamanamga maarindi. trook marosari french chakravarthy nepolian III kii oka missionu pampaadu, dheenilo athanu 1862 oppandaanni savarinchaalani pilupunicchaadu. 1864 joolailo maroe musaida oppandam kudirindi. france moodu praavinsulanu viyatnaanku tirigi ichindi, conny ippatikee moodu mukhyamaina nagaralaina saigaon, america thoo, mariyu dott meeda niyantrananu kaligi undhi. 1866loe, france dakshina praavinsulaina vinh long, haa tien mariyu chaak lanu appaginchamani tuke nuu oppinchindi. moodu praavinsula governor ventane rajinama chesaaru. 1867loe pratighatana lekunda, french vaaru praavinsulanu swaadheenam chesukuni, uttara praavinsulapai tama drushtini kendrikarincharu.
1860la chivari natiki, chainaalo taiping tirugubaatu avasheshaalu, samudrapu dongalu, bandipotlu, tonkinku paaripoyi, uttara viyatnaamnu vaari daadi kaaryakalaapaalaku kendramgaa marcharu. samudrapu dongalatho pooraadataaniki vietnamese rashtram chaalaa balaheenamgaa undhi. nalla jendaalu french vyapara prayojanaalalo jokyam chesukovadaniki sthaanika vietnamese adhikaarulatho sahakarinchadamtho eee chainees tirugubaatudaarulu chivariki tama sonta kirai sainyanni erpaatu chesukunnaru. france yunnan mariyu tonkinlanu swaadheenam chesukovalani chustunnappudu, 1873loe, zeane dupues anae french vyapari-saahasopeta samsthanu sthaanika hanoi adhikaram addukunnappudu, french kochinchinaa prabhutvam hyuu kortutho matladakunda kotta daadini pampadam dwara pratispandinchindi. frances garnier netrutvamloni french sainyam novemberlo tonkin cherukundi. sthaanika nirvaahakulu nalla jendaalato pottu pettukunnaru mariyu hanoi governor nguen trai fong patla apanamakam kaligi unnaaru kabatti, november chivaralo french mariyu lii vidheyulu hanoi vietnamese citadelpy kaalpulu jaripaaru. thuk ventane gaarniyartho charchalu jarapadaniki pratinidhulanu pampaadu, conny shaan tay governor prins hong kae viyam, frenchpy daadi cheyadaaniki liu yangfu yokka chainees block flags milicianu namodu chesaadu. december 21naa nalla genda sainikulu garniernu champaru. 5 janavari 1874naa vietnam mariyu france madhya shanti charchalu jarigaayi. chaina nundi vietnam puurti swaatantraanni france adhikarikamga gurtinchindi; france vietnam yokka spanish runaalanu chellistundi; french sainyam hanoini viyatnaameesku tirigi ichindi; hanoiloni vietnamese sainyam raddu cheyabadi saadhaarana pooliisu dalaaniki tagginchaalsi vachindi; mottam matha mariyu vaanijya swechcha nirdhaarinchabadindi; vietnam mottam aaru dakshina praavinsulanu french bhubhagaluga gurtinchavalasi vachindi.
swaatantryam mugimpu (1874-1885).
french gurtimpu pondina rendu samvatsaraala taruvaata, 1876loe quing chainaku oka rayabara karyalayanni pampina tuke, chaineeyulatoo upanadi sambandhaanni tirigi prerepinchaadu (chivari mission 1849loe jarigindi). 1878loe vietnam thaayilaandtho sambandhaalanu punaruddharinchindi. 1880loe, britton, germany mariyu speyin ippatikee vietnam yokka vidhi gurinchi charchistuunee unnaayi, mariyu paarislooni chaina rayabara karyalayam 1874 franco-vietnamese oppandaanni bahirangamgaa tiraskarinchindi. paarislo, pradhana mantri jools ferrie 1874 oppandaanni savarinchadaaniki viyatnaanku vyatiraekamgaa pratyaksha sainika dandayaatranu pratipaadinchaaru. french vaariki vyatiraekamgaa neerugaa jokyam chesukokunda thana saamrajyam nundi dhooramgaa unchadaaniki trook chaalaa bijeegaa unnanduna, athanu chaina aasthaanaanni sahayam koraadu. 1882loe 30,000 mandhi quing dalaalu uttara praantaalu mariyu aakramita nagaraalloki varadalu vachayi. nalla jendaalu kooda kalisi tirigi vachayi, sthaanika vietnamese adhikaarulatho kalisi panicheestuu, french vyapaaraalanu vaedhistunnaayi. maarchilo, french vaaru eee vividha samasyalanu parishkarinchadaaniki henry revier netrutvamlo rendava dandayaatranu uttaraana pampadam dwara pratispandinchaaru, conny anni antarjaateeya drushtini, mukhyamgaa chaina nundi nivaarinchaalsi vachindi. 1882 april 25naa, revier etuvanti pratighatananu edurkokunda hanoini swaadheenam chesukunnadu. tama upanadi rashtrampai daadi jarugutondani chaina aasthaanaaniki tudak teliyajesaaru. 1882 septembarulo, 17 chainees vibhagalu (200,000 mandhi purushulu) sino-vietnamese sarihaddulanu daati, french durakramanaku vyatiraekamgaa rakshinchaalane saakutho long saan, cavo blung, baak ninh mariyu thaay nguenlanu akraminchayi.
chaina sainyam mariyu yuvaraju hong kae viyam, liu yangfu maddatutoe nalla jendaalu revierpy daadi cheyaalani nirnayinchukunnaayi. 1883 mae 19naa, rendava yuddhamlo nalla jendaalu revierpy merupudaadi chesi, sirachchaedam chesaayi. revier marana vaarta fraansku cherukunnappudu, ventane agraham vyaktamayyindi mariyu pratispandana kosam demandlu vachayi. french paarlamentu viyatnaamnu jayinchadaaniki ventane ootu vesindi. padivela mandhi french mariyu chainees balagalu erra nadhi deltaloki chochukupoyayi.
juulai 17naa thuk maraninchaadu. vaarasatva samasya kortu tatkalikamga stambhimpajesindi. athani menallullu guen phuk eyy chakravartigaa pattabhishekam cheyabaddaadu, ayithe, mugguru saktivantamaina raajapratinidhulu guen vaan tong, tonn thet thuet mariyu traan tien thaan teliyani kaaranaala valla moodu rojula taruvaata khaidu chesi uriteeyabaddaadu. thuk sodarudu nguen phuk hong dott juulai 30naa chakravarthy hip hoga vijayam saadhinchaadu. kortu senior sensor adhikari phaan dinh fung mugguru raajapratinidhulu thuk vaarasatvaanni sakramamgaa nirvahinchadam ledani khandinchaaru. tonn theuet phaan dimh fung nuu dooshinchi, atanni kortu nundi thana sonta bhuubhaagaaniki pampaadu, akkada taruvaata athanu padhi samvatsaraala paatu frenchku vyatiraekamgaa jaateeyavaada pratighatana udyamaaniki naayakatvam vahinchaadu.
yuddham nundi viyatnaamnu tarimikottadaaniki, france hyuu nagarampai pratyaksha daadi cheyaalani nirnayinchukundi. french sainyam rendu bhagaluga vidipoyindih chinna under general bout hanoilo undi, france nundi upabala kosam vechi undagaa, amedy courtbet mariyu jools hermond netrutvamloni french naukaadalam augustu 17naa hyuu yokka samudra dwaaram ayina tuyan kuu prayaaninchindi. iddaru raajapratinidhulu nguen vaan tuang mariyu tonn taath tuet uttara vietnam, uttara-madhya vietnam (thaan hoow, nghan, haa tinh) mariyu binn thuwan praavinsnu french swaadheenaaniki, mariyu hueloni french nivaasini angeekarinchaalani demand chesindi, veeru saamraajya prekshakulanu koravachu. vaaru dheeniki anugunamgaa lekapothe "charitralo vietnam paeru ika undadu" anie ayana raajapratinidhulaku oka ultimatum pampaadu.
augustu 18naa, french yuddhanaukalu tunn citadelloni vietnamese sthaanaalapai kaalpulu praarambhinchaayi. rendu rojula taruvaata, tellavaarujaamuna, corbett mariyu french naavikulu teeramlo digaaru. marusati roeju udayam natiki, hyuu looni anni vietnamese rakshanalu frenchivaaritho munigipoyayi. chakravarthy hip hoow manderine nguen theuing baaknu charchalu jarapadaniki pampaadu.
september 25naa, iddaru kortu adhikarulu, traan dinh took mariyu nguen trang hooplu hermond convention anie piluvabade iravai edu artical oppandampai santakam chesaaru. frenchivaariki binh tunn manjuru cheyabadindi; daa nang mariyu kvi naan vaanijyam kosam teravabaddaayi; vietnamese racharikam yokka paalaka rangam madhya viyatnaanku tagginchabadindi, ayithe uttara vietnam french rakshita raajyamgaa maarindi. navambarulo, chakravarthy hip hoow mariyu traan tien thaan lanu vaari french anukuula saanubhooti kosam nguen vaan tong mariyu tonn thet theuet uriteesaaru. 14 yella nguen phuk nggom nggom chakravarthy keane phuk gaa pattabhishekam cheyabaddaadu. mae 1884loe tiensin oppandam dwara chainaatho saantini saadhinchina taruvaata, juun 6naa chainaalooni french rayabari jools patenotre dess noyers, viyatnaampai french aadhipatyaanni dhruveekarinchina patenotre yokka rakshita oppandam ayina nguen vaan tuwangto santakam chesaaru. 1885 mae 31naa france mottam viyatnaanku modati governorga niyaminchabadindi. 1885 juun 9naa, vietnam 83 samvatsaraala taruvaata swatantra rashtramgaa unikilo ledhu. yuddha anukuula vargam nayakudu, tonn thutt tuet mariyu athani maddatudaarulu juulai 1885loe frenchku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu chesaaru, conny yuva chakravarthy haam ngee (nguen phuk nggom lutch) thoo kalisi lavotian ettaina praantaalaku tirigi vellavalasi vachindi.) intalo french thana anukuula french sodarudu nguen phuk nggom knu chakravarthy dong khanga niyaminchaaru. french aakramana (cohn wang udyamam) kuu vyatiraekamgaa pratighatana kosam aayudhalu andinchadaaniki thuet prabhuvulu, vidheyulu mariyu jaateeyavaadulanu pilicharu. eee udyamam 11 samvatsaraalu (1885-1896) konasaagindi mariyu 1888loe tuet chainaalo bahishkarinchabaddaadu.
annam mariyu tonkin yokka french protectoratelu (1883-1945).
1883 huu oppandam vietnam yokka migilina praantaalu french rakshita praantalugaa maaradaaniki daariteesindi, annam mariyu tonkin yokka rakshita praantalugaa vibhajinchabadindi. ayithe, eee nibandhanalu french dautya vargalalo athi kathinamgaa pariganinchabaddaayi mariyu fraanslo ennadoo aamodinchabadaledu. taruvaati 1884 huu oppandam munupati oppandam yokka mruduvaina samskarananu andinchindi. 1884 tiensin oppandaanni punarudghaatinchi, sino-french yuddhanni muginchina 1885 tiensin oppandam, french rakshita rashtraalugaa vietnam hodaanu dhruveekarinchindi mariyu vietnam yokka videshee vyavahaaraalannii france dwara nirvahinchaalani koorutuu king raajavamsamto vietnam yokka sahayaka sambandhaanni tenchukundi.
dheeni taruvaata nguen raajavamsam rendu french rakshita praantaalanu namamatramga matrame paripaalinchindi. annam mariyu tonkin 1887loe kochinchina mariyu poruguna unna cambodian protectorato kalipi french indochaina union erpadindi, veetilo avi paripalana bhagaluga marai.
french paalana vietnam saamskrutika vantakaalaku kotta padaarthaalanu kooda jodinchindihi kaathalikkulu mariyu latin aadhaarita varnamaala. vietnamese lipyantareekaranalo upayoginche spelling portugees aadhaaritamainadi, endukante french vaaru portugees mataadhikaari intaku mundu sankalanam chesina nighantuvupai aadharapaddaru.
modati prapancha yuddham.
modati prapancha yuddhamlo pooraadataaniki indochaina sahaja vanarulu mariyu maanavasaktini garishtamgaa upayoginchaalani prayatnistunnappudu, france vietnam deshabhakti saamuuhika udyamaalapai viruchukupadindi. indochaina (pradhanamgaa vietnam) fraansku 70,000 mandhi sainikulu mariyu 70,000 mandhi kaarmikulanu andinchaalsi vachindi, vaarini french yuddharangamlo seva cheyadaaniki graamaala nundi balavantamgaa niyaminchaaru. vietnam kooda 184 million piasterlanu runaalugaa mariyu 336,000 tannula aaharaanni andinchindi.
1914 nundi 1917 varaku vyavasayam prakruti vaipareetyaalanu edurkonnanduna eee bharalu bhaareega niroopinchabaddaayi.
ekikruta desavyaapta samstha lekapovadamtho, balamaina vietnamese jaateeya udyamam yuddham phalitamgaa france edurkonna ibbandulanu gananeeyamaina tirugubaatlanu nirvahinchadaaniki upayoginchadamlo viphalamaindi.
1916 maeloe, padahaaru yella chakravarthy duy thaan vietnamese dalaala tirugubaatulo paalgonadaaniki thana rajabhavanam nundi tappinchukunnadu. eee pranaalika gurinchi frenchivaariki teliyajeyabadindi, daani nayakulanu arrestu chesi uriteesaaru. duytannu tolaginchi, hinduu mahasamudramloni runion dveepaaniki bahishkarinchaaru.
rendava prapancha yuddham.
viyatnaamlo jaateeyavaada bhavana teevramaindi (mukhyamgaa modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo mariyu taruvaata), conny tirugubaatlu mariyu taatkaalika prayatnaalu french nundi raayiteelu pondadamlo viphalamayyayi. russian viplavam 20va sataabdapu vietnamese charitranu baga prabhaavitam chesindi.
viyatnaamlo, 1939 septembaru 1naa rendava prapancha yuddham prarambhamavadam 1858loe french swaadheenam chesukunna daa enng antha nirnayaatmakamainadi. japan yokka aksha shakti 1940 septembaru 22naa viyatnaampai daadi chesi, aagneyaasiyaaloni mitraraajyaala dalaalapai daadi cheyadaaniki sainika sthaavaraalanu nirminchadaaniki prayatninchindi. idhi indochaina kaalanni japan aakramanalo sahakaram kaligina vichi french sahakaaramtho daariteesindi, vaaru ippatikee kaalanee paripalananu konasaaginchaaru. eee samayamlo viyat minh, oka communist pratighatana udyamam, 1941 nundi hoow chii minh aadhvaryamlo, mitraraajyaala maddatutoe abhivruddhi chendindi. uttara viyatnaamlo 1944-1945 karuvu samayamlo, oka million mandiki paiga prajalu aakalitho maraninchaaru.
vietnam saamrajyam (1945).
1945 maarchilo, france vimukti mariyu yuddhamlo bhaarii edurudebbalu taruvaata, indochainaalo maddatunu sekarinchadaaniki chivari prayatnamlo japaneeyulu french paripalananu padagotti, vaari poura sevakulanu khaidu chesi, kambodia, lavos mariyu viyatnaamlaku swaatantryam prakatinchaaru, idhi vietnam saamrajyamgaa maarindi, dheeni chakravarthy baado thaay. vietnam saamrajyam japan saamrajyam yokka tolubomma rashtram. japan longipoyina taruvaata, viyat minh aagashtu viplavanni praarambhinchina taruvaata 1945 augustu 25naa baao daayi padavee viramana chesaaru.
idhi nguen raajavamsam 143 samvatsaraala palanaku mugimpu palikindi.
jaateeya paripalana.
prabhutvam.
chakravarthy.
guen raajavamsam munupati raajavamsaala yokka bureaucratic mariyu kramaanugata vyavasthanu nilupukundi. chakravarthy sampoorna adhikaranni kaligi unna deshadhinetha. chakravarthy aadhvaryamlo antargata mantritva saakha (idhi patraalu, saamraajya sandeshaalu mariyu recordingpy panichesindi) mariyu naalugu goppa sekrateriyatlu () undevi, taruvaata vaatini rahasya mandali mantritva saakhagaa paeru marcharu.
nguen raajavamsam chakravarthy nirankusa palakudu, antey athanu raashtraaniki adhipati mariyu prabhutvaaniki adhipati anie ardham. 1812loe jiah long code vietnamese chakravartini anni viyatnaamlaku saarvatrika palakudiga prakatinchindi; chakravartulaku sampoorna adhikaranni andinchadaaniki confucian concept aadesam swargaanni upayoginchadam. prajala jeevanopaadhi (̃iːl/̃, "daan sinha") entha sampannamgaa undho mariyu confucian baibil analects prakaram "chinh danh" (paerla diddubaatu) anae confucian bhavana aadhaaramgaa vaari paalana mariyu prajaadarana pondina chitraalu teerpu ivvabaddaayi, pratidee daani saraina kramamlo undaali. jiah chaalaa kaalamgaa huwa-yii yokka puraatana chainees bhavananu kooda grahinchaadu mariyu 1805loe athanu thana saamrajyaanni "trung kwak" (χ, "madhya rajyam") gaa angeekarinchaadu, idhi tarachugaa chainanu soochinche vietnamese padam, conny ippudu jiah thana swargapu kumarudi hodaanu mariyu chaina viluva taggimpunu nokki cheppadaniki chaalaa kaalam pattindi. taruvaati dasaabdaala taruvaata, confucianism mariyu swarga siddhaantam yokka aadesam kramamga vietnamese adhikarulu mariyu medhaavulalo tama sthaanaalanu kolpoyayi. naalugo chakravarthy, trook, dakshina viyatnaamnu fraansku appaginchi, aayudhalanu vadulukovalani dakshina adhikaarulandarinii pilichinappudu, chaalaa mandhi vismarinchaaru, swargapu kumarudiki avidheyata chuupaaru, aakramanadaarulaku vyatiraekamgaa poradatam konasaaginchaaru. chaalaa mandhi bhinnabhiprayalu aayananu longipoyinatlugaa mariyu france patla bhayapadinatlugaa bhaavinchaaru. 1860 nundi 1883loe ayana maraninche varaku prati samvatsaram tuke kuu vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatlu chelaregaayi.
viyatnaamlo saarvabhoumaadhikaaram yokka dwandwa siddhaantam unikilo undhi. guen chakravartulandaru aasthaanamlo "hong day" ("chakravarthy" kuu sino-vietnamese birudu) gaa prasanginchaaru, adhe samayamlo tananu taanu modati vyakti gouravapradamaina "tram" (arder ichhevaadu) gaa paerkonnaadu. palakudu swargam nundi digi rajyaanni paripaalinchadaaniki niyaminchabaddaadani niroopinchadaaniki vaaru "theen thona" (<unk>, "swargapu kumarudu", idhi chaina nundi teesukobadindi) anae bhavananu kooda upayoginchaaru. ayithe, chaalaa sandarbhaallo, nguen palakulanu saadhaarana vietnamese prajalu adhikarikamga "vuva" ("chakravarthy" ledhaa "saarvabhouma palakudu" kosam vietnamese birudu) anie pilicheevaaru. swargapu daivika kumarudu anae bhavana pidivaadamgaa aacharinchabadaledu, mariyu dwandwa siddhaantam kaaranamgaa chakravarthy yokka daivatvam sampuurnamgaa ledhu. udaaharanaku, chainees bhougolika shaastravetta ayina juu jiyu, vietnamese aasthaanamlooni adhikarulu kuurchuni, aasthaana prekshakula samayamlo shareera paenu kosam tamanu taamu vetakadaaniki kooda sankochinchaledani nivedinchaaru. jiah chalakalam kritam zhe kumarudiki cheppindi. bii. viyatnaamlo swargapu kumarudini upayoginchadam "asambaddhata" mariyu "kaneesam mishrama vietnamese-european companylo" anie athani salahaadaarulalo okaraina chaigneyu annaru."yuva yuvaraju vijayavantam kaavadaaniki ennukoobadina tarvaata, thallidandrulatho sannihitamgaa undatam, rajakeeyaalu mariyu classiclalo baga chaduvukovadam, palakudi naitikata mariyu naitikatanu antargatamgaa marchadam athani baadhyata.
1884 huu oppandam santakam cheyabadina taruvaata, nguen raajavamsam france yokka rendu rakshita praantalugaa maarindi mariyu french vaari swantha nirvaahakulanu niyaminchindi. nguen raajavamsam chakravartulu ippatikee namamatramga annam mariyu tonkin rakshita praantaala niyantranalo unnappatikee, annam yokka nivaasa-adhipati kramamga hyuu looni saamraajya aasthaanampai marinta prabhavanni chuupaaru. 1897loe nivaasa-adhipatiki nguen raajavamsam chakravartulanu niyaminche adhikaram ivvabadindi mariyu vien mott samavesalaku adhyakshata vahinchaaru. eee charyalu french adhikaarulanu neerugaa imperial huye kortu paripalana nirmaanamloo cherchaayi mariyu nguen prabhutva saasana saakhalo french palananu marinta chattabaddham chesaayi. eee kaalam nundi tainam chakravartulu jaarii chesina edainaa saamraajya saasanaalanu annam nivasi-adhipati dhruvikarinchalsi vachindi, idhi ataniki nguen prabhutvampai saasana mariyu karyanirvahaka adhikaram rendintinee istundi.
1898loe french indochaina samakhya prabhutvam nguen raajavamsam yokka saamraajya nyayasthaanam yokka aardhika mariyu aasti nirvahana vidhulanu chepattindi, antey nguen raajavamsam chakravarthy (aaa samayamlo thaan thaay) indochaina valasarajyala nirmaanamloo jeetam pondhe udyogi ayyadu, vaari adhikaranni rakshita prabhutvamlo poura sevakudigaa matrame tagginchaadu. annam nivaasa-adhipati praantiiya mandarinla nirvahananu kooda chepattadu mariyu french indochaina prabhutva general yokka supreme council ("concil superior") loe sabhyudiga unnadu.
pannulu.
vietnam yokka dravya upa vibhagam kwan (<unk>). oka kwan 10 naanhelaku samanam, idhi 600 naanhelaku samanam. adhikarulu eee krindi pannulanu andukunnaru ():
pinchanu.
maandarinlu padavee viramana chesinappudu, vaaru chakravarthy nundi vanda nundi naalugu vandala kwan pondagaligaaru. vaaru maraninchinappudu, saamraajya sabha antyakriyala kosam iravai nundi rendu vandala kwaannu andinchindi.
paripalana vibhagalu.
deerghamaina jiah kinda.
jiah long paalanalo, rajyam iravai moodu pakshika-ugravaada rakshita praantalugaa "tran" mariyu naalugu sainika vibhagaluga "donh" gaa vibhajinchabadindi."prati rakshita rashtram, vaari swantha pratyeka praantiiya prabhutvaalanu kaligi undatame kakunda, citadel adhipati ledhaa vaisray anie piluvabade oka goppa, saktivantamaina unit yokka gasteelo undedi. udaaharanaku, uttara rakshita praantaalalo hanoilo "buck thaan thaan tran" (uttara rakshita praantaala vaisray), mariyu dakshina rakshita praantaalalo "giah daan thaan tran" (giah daan rakshana praantaala vaisray) saigaanlo nivasistunnaaru. jiah long paalanalo iddaru pramukha vaisraaylu nguen vaan thaan (hanoi) mariyu lae vaan duet (saigaon). 1802 natiki, ivih
minh mong mariyu taruvaata.
1831loe, minh mong eee rakshita praantaalannintinii 31 pravinsulugaa ("tnhech") marchadam dwara thana rajyaanni punarvyavastheekarinchaadu. prati provins chinna adhikara paridhula shrenini kaligi undih prefecture ("φ"), sub prefecture ("chaa", jaathi minorityla gananeeyamaina janabha unna praantaalalo). prefecture mariyu sub prefecture krinda, jilla ("huen"), canton ("tong") undedi. jilla mariyu canton krinda, oka saadhaarana mataparamaina aalayam ledhaa saamaajika kaaraka binduvu, graamam (long ledhaa commune "xa") chuttoo unna gramalu athi takkuva paripalana vibhagam, dheenini gauravaneeya vyakti namamatramga graama paripalananu chusukunevadu, dheenini lii trang anie pilustaaru.
sameepamloni rendu praavinsulanu oka jatagaa kalapadam jarigindi. prati jantaku governor general ("tong dock") mariyu governor ("tonn phaa") undevaaru. tarachugaa, pannendu governor-generals mariyu padakondu governorlu undevaaru, ayithe, konni kalallo, chakravarthy "gastee sarihaddu praantaala baadhyata kaligina commissioner" ("kinh luyuk s") nuu niyamistaadu, idhi rajyam yokka dakshina bhaagam yokka mottam uttara bhaganni paryaveekshistundi. 1803loe viyatnaamlo 57 prefecturelu, 41 sub prefecturelu, 201 jillaalu, 4,136 khandaalu, 16,452 gramalu unnaayi, 1840la natiki idhi 72 prefecturelu, 39 sub prefecturelu, 283 jillaalaku penchabadindi, ivi prati jillaaku sagatuna 30,000 mandhi. kambodia vietnamese paripalana vyavasthalo vileenam cheyabadindi, 1834 nundi 1845 varaku thai thanh provins anae paerunu kaligi undhi. thai, nng, meo (hmong prajalu), mung, mong mariyu jaraay vanti minority samuuhaalanu kaligi unna praantaalatoo, huu kortu saha-unikilo unna upanadi mariyu pakshika-bureaucratic paalana vyavasthanu vidhinchindi, adhe samayamlo eee prajalaku vaari swantha sthaanika paalakulu mariyu svayampratipattini kaligi undataaniki anumatinchindi.
1832loe, ivi unnaih
samajam.
samskruti mariyu saamskrutika vivaksha.
nguen raajavamsam "chaineeyulu kaani" samskrutulanu anagarikamga bhaavinchi, tamanu taamu kendra rajyam (trung kwak, shh) anie pilicheevaaru. indulo quing raajavamsam krinda unna hohn chaineeyulu unnaaru, veerini "chaineeyulu kaanivaaru" gaa bhaavinchevaaru. endukante quing kaaranamgaa chaineeyulu ikapai "hohn" gaa undaru. chaineeyulanu "tanh nhan" (<unk> ̃) anie pilicheevaaru."vietnam oka pratinidhini beijing kuu pampina taruvaata idhi jarigindi, aaa taruvaata dautya vipattu kaaranamgaa vietnam itara" "chaineeyulu kaanivaarini" "king maadirigaane anagarikamga chuudataaniki kaaranamaindi". guen raajavamsam natiki vietnamese vaaru cambodian khmernu vietnamese samskrutini avalambinchamani aadesistuu, juttu kattirinchadam vanti "anagarika" alavaatlanu nilipivesi, vaatini ekkuva kaalam penchamani aadesinchadamto paatu, vaatini pyaantutoe dustulu bharti cheyamani aadesinchaaru. hohn chainees ming raajavamsam saranaarthulu 3,000 mandhi ming raajavamsam chivarilo viyatnaanku vacchaaru. vaaru quing raajavamsaanni vyatiraekimchaaru mariyu ming raajavamsaaniki teevramgaa vidheyata chuupaaru. vietnamese mahilalu eee hohn chainees saranaarthulanu vivaham chesukunnaru, endukante vaarilo ekkuva mandhi sainikulu mariyu ontari purushulu. quing raajavamsam samayamlo viyatnaanku valasa vacchina taruvaata chainees valasala maadirigaa vaaru manchuu kesalankarananu dharinchaledu.
jaathi alpasankhyaakula viyatnaankarana.
minn mong chakravarthy aadhvaryamlo jaathi alpasankhyaakulanu sainikeekarana cheyadam rashtra vidhanamgaa maarindi. athanu viyatnaanku confucianism mariyu chaina yokka hohn raajavamsam yokka vaarasatvaanni paerkonnaadu mariyu viyatnaameesnu suuchimchadaaniki "hohn prajalu" (<unk>, "hanhn") anae padaanni upayoginchaadu. chakravarthy prakaram, "vaari anagarika alavaatlu upachaetanamgaa chedaragottabadatayani, mariyu vaaru pratiroojuu hohn [sino-vietnamese] acharala baarina padatarani manam aasinchaali."eee vidhanalu khamer mariyu konda tegalapai nirdesinchabaddaayi. 1712loe nguen phuk chu viyatnaameesnu "hohn prajalu" anie paerkontuu, vaarini chams nundi vaeru chesaaru. 1790 taruvaata nguen prabhuvulu kaalaneelanu sthaapinchaaru. vietnamese nundi khmernu vaeru chestu, "hohn dii huyu hohn" (vietnamese mariyu anagarikulaku spashtamaina sarihaddulu undaali) anie jiah chaalaa kaalam chepparu. minh mong alpasankhyaaka viyatnaameeyetara prajala kosam saamskrutika vidhananni amalu chesaaru. "19va sataabdapu nguen paalanalo tamanu taamu "hohn daan" (<unk>) mariyu "hohn nhan" (hohn raajavamsaanni soochinche <unk>) anie piliche vietnamese vaaru jaathi chaineesnu suuchimchadaaniki thaan nhan (<unk> ̃) ledhaa <unk> ̃ (̃) nuu upayoginchaaru. 1827 nundi, ming raajavamsam saranaarthula vaarasulanu jaathi chaineeyulatoo thedaanu gurtinchadaaniki nguen paalakulu "minh nhan" (<unk> ̃) ledhaa "minh haang" (<unk> Â) anie pilicheevaaru. "minh nhan" nuu 1829 nundi viyatnaameesgaa pariganinchaaru. vaaru chainaku velladaaniki anumatinchabadaledu, alaage manchuu kyuu dharinchadaaniki kooda anumatinchabadaledu.
dustulu.
nguen raajavamsam quing-prabhaavita dustulanu praachuryamloki tecchindi. pyaantuni stree tellani hmang matladevaru vaari saampradaaya skartula sthaanamlo sweekarinchaaru. quing-prabhaavita dustulu mariyu pyantu vietnamese vaaru dharinchevaaru. aaoo daayi" 1920laloe abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, idhi aaoo daayi, aaoo ngu thaan yokka puurveekulaku compact, close-fitting tucks jodinchabadinappudu. chainees-prabhaavita pyantu mariyu angeelu 18va sataabdamloo lard nguen phuk khot chetha arder cheyabaddaayi, chainees "geoling eurane" (chainees <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ chainees-prabhaavita pyantu mariyu lodustulanu nguen prabhutvam tappanisari chesinappatiki, 1920la varaku uttara vietnamese gramalalo skartulu dharinchevaaru. vietnamese sainyam mariyu bureaucratla kosam chainees shaili dustulanu nguen phuk khot arder chesaaru.
1841loe "anaagarikulanu vaeru cheyadampai" anae vivaadaaspada amsam, nguen doutyavetta mariyu hova chainees lii vaan phaak yokka fujian nivaasamlo "vietnamese anagarikula vasati" (vietnam) anae quing sanketam aadhaaramgaa roopondinchabadindi. quing thoo nagarikatanu panchukuntunnatlugaa bhaavinchina vietnamese neerchukunna paata mariyu ming raajavamsaala nundi neo-confucianist grandhaalaku quing sabhyatvam pondaledani idhi vaadinchindi. eee sanghatana doutyaparamaina vipattunu prerepinchindi. paryavasanamga vietnam saamraajya nyayasthaanam viyatnaanku sameepamlo (ledhaa) nivasistunna hohn kaani chainees highland tegalu mariyu itara viyatnaameeyetara prajalanu "anagarika" anie pilichedi. eee vyaasam yii mariyu huwa lanu vaeru chestundi, mariyu jhaavo tuo, wenn, shun mariyu taibo gurinchi prastaavistundi. kellie mariyu woodside vietnam yokka confucianism gurinchi vivarinchaayi.
viyatnaamlo french prameyaanni vyatirekinchina minh myaang, thiyu tru mariyu took chakravartulu, desamlo perugutunna catholic samajanni tagginchadaaniki prayatninchaaru. akramamga desamloki pravesinchina missionarylanu khaidu cheyadam french vaaru indochainapai daadi cheyadaaniki (mariyu aakraminchadaaniki) praathamika saaku. quing chaina maadirigaane, 19va sataabdamloo aneka sanghatanalu itara european deshaalatho jarigaayi.
matam.
munupati guen prabhuvulu nammakamaina bouddhulu ayinappatikee, jiah long bouddhudu kaadu. athanu neo-confucianismnu sweekarinchi, bouddhamataanni churukuga parimitam chesaadu. panditulu, unnatavargaalu, adhikarulu bouddha siddhaantaalapai daadi chesi vaatini andhavishwaasam, panikiraniviga vimarsinchaaru. moodava chakravarthy, thiyu triyu, confucianismnu nijamaina matamgaa mariyu bouddhamataanni andhavishwaasamgaa pariganinchaadu.
kotta bouddha pagodalu mariyu devaalayaalanu nirminchadam nishedhinchabadindi. bouddhamatam yokka prabhavanni parimitam cheyadaaniki mariyu confucianismnu samaajamlo ekaika aadhipatya vishwaasamgaa prothsahinchadaaniki bouddha mataachaaryulu mariyu sanyaasinulu praja panulalo cheravalasi vachindi. edemaina, aagneya asea moulika sadupayala madhya nivasinchina vietnamese prajalalo oka synic confucian samskrutini sweekarinchadam, janaabhaaku mariyu aasthaanaaniki madhya dooraanni vistarinchindi. bouddhamatam ippatikee pradhana sravanti samaajamlo prabalamgaa undhi mariyu saamraajya rajabhavanamlo daani unikini kaligi undhi. saamraagni talli, raanulu, yuvarani mariyu umpudugattelu pitruswamya nishedham unnappatikee, bhaktulaina bouddhulu.
confucianism anedi nguen kortu yokka bhaavajaalam, idhi prati samvatsaram shaastreeya vidya mariyu poura pareeksha yokka praathamika kendraanni kooda andinchindi. sampradaayavaada samajam mariyu saamaajika nirmaanaalanu srushtinchadaaniki mariyu nirvahinchadaaniki jiah chaalaa kaalamgaa confucianismnu anusarinchindi. confucian acharalu mariyu aalochanalu vietnamese-lipi sekaranalalo analects mariyu vasanta mariyu saradrutuvu vruttaamtaalu vanti puraatana confucian bodhanalo aadhaarita prasaralu. kortu eee chainees pustakaalanu chainees vyaapaarula nundi kathinamgaa digumati chesukundi. chakravarthy mariyu aasthaana adhikarulu thana raajyamlo swargam varshapaatam kaavaalani korukuntu chese "cow davo" (karuvu samayamlo gaali mariyu varshaniki swargaanni arpinchadam) vanti confucian acharalu. aaa pratipaadana vijayavantamaite, vaaru swargaaniki "lae tha" (krutagnatato kuudina aacharam) nirvahinchaalsi untundi. adanamgaa, chakravarthy thana desamloni pavitra aatmalu mariyu sahaja devatalu kooda varsham cheyagalarani nammadu. 1804loe, jiah chaalaa kaalamgaa thuwan aann ("thaan thuwan aann") devuniki thana vishwaasyathalo hyooku eshaanyamlo thuwan aanlo naam hoy long wuwang aalayam (dakshina mahasamudra dragon raaju aalayam) nuu nirminchindi, eee pradaesamloe chaalaa varaku "cow davo" aacharam jarigindi. athani varasudu minh mong, "vu suu" (varshanni srushtinche devudu) kuu ankitam cheyabadina aneka devaalayaalanu mariyu "thaan mye" (megha devudu) mariyu "thaan summ" (urumu devudu) kosam balipeethaalanu nirminchadam konasaginchadu.pramukha catholic mariyu samskaranavaada medhavi ayina nguen trung tooe 1867loe ksheenistunna confucian nirmaanaalapai daadi chesaaru. athanu took kuu ilaa vraasaadu "confucian jeevana vidhanam dwara chainapai mariyu mana desampai teesukuvacchina chedu."thana vidya samskarana kosam pracharam cheyabadina nyayasthaanam yokka confucian vidya pidivaadamainadi mariyu avaastavikamainadigaa ayana vimarsinchaaru.
jiah long kaalamlo, kaathalikkulanu etuvanti parimiti lekunda saantiyutamgaa poojinchevaaru. vietnamese racharikam yokka mukhyamaina nammakamaina puurveekula aaraadhananu tiraskarinchinanduku kraistava mataanni oka bhinnamaina matamgaa bhaavinchina minn mong thoo praarambhamaindi. baibil (paatha mariyu kotta nibandhana) chadivina taruvaata, athanu kraistava mataanni ahetukamainadigaa mariyu hasyaspadamga bhaavinchi, kraistavulapai apakhyaati paalaina vidhaanaalaku tokugava japaannu prasamsimchaadu. minh mong kooda vietnamese confucian adhikarulu mariyu saahityavettalu raasina kraistava vyatiraeka pracharam dwara prabhaavitamayyaadu, idhi charchilo purushulu mariyu mahilala kalayikanu mariyu udaara samajanni vivarinchindi. kraistavatvam mariyu kaathalikkula gurinchi ayana aandolana chendina vishayam emitante, europeanlu vidaesaalanu swaadheenam chesukovadaniki kraistavatvam oka margamani niroopinche grandhaalanu rayadam. japaanlo kraistava vyatiraeka vidhananni kooda ayana prasamsimchaaru. charchilu dhvamsamayyaayi mariyu chaalaa mandhi kraistavulu khaidu cheyabaddaaru. vietnamese kraistavatvaanni nirmuulinchadaaniki rashtra prayatnaalu chaalaavaraku chesinappudu, athani manavadu thuk paalanalo himsa teevramgaa maarindi. hasyaspadamga, catholic vyatiraeka pracharam uchchasthitilo unnappudu kooda, chaalaa mandhi catholic panditulu saamraajya aasthaanamlo unnata padavulanu nirvahinchadaaniki anumatinchabaddaaru.
1862 chivaralo saamraajya saasanam taruvaata, kaathalikkulu adhikarikamga gurtinchabaddaaru mariyu vishwaasaanni aaraadhinchevaaru rashtra rakshana pondaaru. 19va sataabdam chivaralo viyatnaamlo sumaru 6,00,000 nundi 7,00,000 mandhi catholic kraistavulu unnaarani anchanaa.
janabha.
french vijayaniki mundu, vietnamese janabha desamloni vyavasaya vennemukala aardhika vyavastha kaaranamgaa chaalaa takkuvagaa undedi. 1802loe janabha 65 laksala mandhi, 1840 natiki kevalam 8 millionlaku matrame perigindi. 1860la taruvaata vegavantamaina paarisraamikeekarana 19va sataabdam chivaralo bhaarii janabha perugudala mariyu vegavantamaina pattaneekaranaku naandi palikindi. chaalaa mandhi raitulu kouludaarula polaalanu vadili nagaraalloki poyaaru, vaarini french yaajamaanyamloni karmagaralu niyaminchukunnaayi. 1880 natiki vietnamese janabha 18 millionla mandigaa anchanaa veyabadindi, ayithe angus madison aadhunika anchanaalu 12.2 millionla mandhi takkuva sankhyanu suuchimchaayi. nguen raajavamsam krinda vietnam ellappuduu bahula jaathi samudaayamgaa undedi. saamraajya janabhalo daadaapu 80 saatam mandhi jaathi vietnamese (appudu annamites anie pilustaaru), vaari bhasha mone-khamer (appudu mone-annamite) vargaaniki chendinadi, migilina vaaru chaam, chainees, khmer, mung, thaay (appudu thoo anie pilustaaru), mariyu itara 50 jaathi minoritylu ayina mong, jaraay, yavo.
annamaitlu tonkin nundi kochina varaku desamloni lothattu praantaalalo vistarinchi unnaayi. chams madhya vietnam mariyu mccong deltalo nivasistunnaaru. chaineeyulu mukhyamgaa saigaon, chyuan mariyu hanoi vanti pattaneekarana praantaalalo kendrikrutamai unnaaru. chaineeyulu "minh haang" (<unk>) mariyu "tanh nhan" (<unk>) anie piluvabade rendu samuhaluga vibhajinchabaddaaru. minh haang anevaaru 17va sataabdam praarambhamlo viyatnaamlo valasa vacchi sthirapadina chainees saranaarthulu, veeru vietnamese mahilalanu vivaham chesukunnaru, sthaanika vietnamese mariyu khmer janaabhaaku gananeeyamgaa kalisipooyaaru, mariyu nguenku vidheyata chuupaaru, iteevala dakshina viyatnaanku vacchina thaantho poliste, vari vaanijyamlo aadhipatyam chelaayinchaaru. minh mong paalanalo, 1827loe tanh nhanku vyatiraekamgaa oka parimiti jaarii cheyabadindi, tanh nhn rashtra bureaucrassiki cherukolekapoyadu mariyu minh haang vanti vietnamese janabhalo vileenam cheyavalasi vachindi.
erra nadhi deltaku paschimaana unna kondalapai nivasinche mung prajalu, kendra adhikaaraaniki lobadi unnappatikee, vaariki aayudhalanu dharinchadaaniki kooda anumati undedi, eee hakku huye aasthaanamlooni itara prajalaku ivvabadaledu. tye mariyu maanglu uttara ettaina tonkin praantaalalo nivasistunnaaru, iddaroo pannulu mariyu kappam thoo paatu huyy kortuku samarpinchabaddaaru, conny vaari vamsapaaramparya nayakulanu kaligi undataaniki anumatinchabaddaaru.
photography.
vietnam yokka modati chaayaachitraalanu 1845loe dananglo jools itier teesaaru. vietnamese yokka modati chaayaachitraalanu 1857 novemberlo singapurlo fedder jagor teesaaru. vidaeseeyulatoe nishedhinchabadina parichayam kaaranamgaa, french vijayam samayamlo photography mallee viyatnaanku tirigi vachindi mariyu daa nang (september 1858) paie french dandayaatra samayamlo paal berranger teesina shotlu unnaayi. 1859loe french saigaannu swaadheenam chesukunnappati nundi, nagaram mariyu dakshina vietnam vidaeseeyulaku teravabadindi, mariyu photography france mariyu eurup nundi pratyaekamgaa viyatnaamloki pravesinchindi.
saamraajya kutumbam.
guen phuk (guen jiah miyu) illu chaaritraatmakamgaa 14va sataabdamloo thaan hoow provinceloni jiah miyu graamamlo sthaapinchabadindi, vaaru 1558 nundi 1777 varaku dakshina viyatnaamnu paalinchadaaniki mundu, taruvaata mottam vietnam yokka paalaka raajavamsamgaa maarindi. saampradayakamgaa, kutumbam tamanu taamu nguen baak (?- 979), modati duke off thaay viyat. jiah long yokka yuvarajulu mariyu maga vaarasulanu hong thaan anie pilustaaru, ayithe munupati nguen lards yokka maga vamsapaaramparya vaarasulanu tone thaath anie pilustaaru. chakravarthy manavallu chaalaa baadhapaddaaru. chakravarthy kumaartelanu hong enn vu anie pilicheevaaru, mariyu ellappuduu kong chuva (yuvarani) anae birudunu sampaadinchevaaru.
vaari vaarasatvam aacharanatmakamgaa jyeshtaadhikaara chattam prakaram untundi, conny konnisaarlu viruddhamgaa untundi. 1816loe jiah long vaarasudi kosam roopakalpana chestunnappudu modati vaarasatva vivaadam talettindi. athani modati yuvaraju nguen phuk cohn 1802loe maraninchaadu. phalitamgaa, rendu pratyarthi vargaalu udbhavinchaayi, okati yuvaraju cohn yokka pedda kumarudu nguen phuk yuyung kuu yuvarajuga maddatu istundi, marokati yuvaraju daam (taruvaata minn mong) kuu maddatu istundi. rendava sangharshana anedi 1847 vaarasatvam, iddaru yuva yuvarajulu nguen phuk hong baao mariyu hong nhaamlanu tappugaa viphalamaina chakravarthy teeyu traanu sambhaavya varasudiga lagaru. modata, athanu peddavaadainanduna prins hong bavonu enchukunnadu, conny iddaru raajapratinidhulu trang dang kwe mariyu nguen tri fong nundi salaha vinna taruvaata, athanu chivari nimishamlo vaarasudini savarinchi, hong naamnu yuvarajuga enchukunnadu.
chakravartulu.
eee krindi jabita chainees mariyu vietnamese bhaashalalo ardham kaligina chakravartula shakam paerlu. udaaharanaku, modati palakudi shakam paeru, jiah long, desham yokka kotta aikyatanu choopinchadaaniki saigaon (jiah daan) mariyu hanoi (thang long) kosam paatha paerla kalayika; naalgavadi, thuk, antey "sadgunaala vaarasatvam"; tommidavadi, dong khaan, antey "saamuuhika veduka".
chakravarthy thuk maranam taruvaata (mariyu athani veelunama prakaram), juke 1883 juulai 19naa simhasananni adhishtinchaadu. moodu rojula taruvaata, thuk veelunama nundi oka paeraanu tolaginchinatlu aaropanalu vacchina taruvaata, athanu simhasananni vadulukuni khaidu cheyabaddaadu. athani rajavamsa birudunu prakatinchadaaniki samayam lekapovadamtho, athani nivaasa rajabhavanam paeru meeda athani sakaaniki paeru pettaru.
vamsam.
"gamanika":
kutumba vruksham.
nguen phuk raajavamsam yokka saralikruta kutumba vrukshamha
chihnalu.
jendaalu.
nguen raajavamsam yokka jaateeya genda ledhaa saamraajya genda modata jiah long paalanalo kanipinchindi. idhi oka ledhaa moodu kshitija samaantara erupu chaaralatho kuudina pasupu genda, konnisaarlu 1822loe, idhi puurtigaa khaalii pasupu ledhaa telupu rangulo undedi. chakravarthy vyaktigata genda meghalu, vendi chandrudu mariyu pasupu nepathyamlo nalla ardhachandramtho chuttumuttabadina bangaaru dragon ummivese agni.
mudralu.
nguen raajavamsam yokka mudralu goppavi mariyu vaividhyamaina rakalu mariyu vaati taarumaaru, nirvahana mariyu upayogaanni niyantrinche kathinamaina niyamaalu mariyu chattalanu kaligi unnaayi. mudralanu elaa upayoginchaalo, vaatini elaa unchaalo mariyu yea rakamaina patraalapai mudralanu upayoginchaalo anae pustakamlo mudralanu upayoginche saadhaarana paddhati spashtamgaa namodu cheyabadindi, dheenini minh mong 3 (1822) samvatsaramlo nguen raajavamsam yokka cabinet sankalanam chesindi. nguen raajavamsam yokka vividha rakaala mudralaku vaati paniteeru aadhaaramgaa ververu paerlu unnaayi, avi baa (Â), tii (Â), enn (Â), chunga (Â), enn (Â), kimm baa (Â), kwan phaa (Â), doow kii (Â), kinn (Â), tinn kii (Â), Â (Â), tru (Â), mariyu kii (Â).
guen raajavamsamlooni mudralanu mantritva saakha mudrala nirvahana karyalayam anie piluvabade oka jatha agencylu paryavekshinchevi-vidhullo unna adhikarulu (<unk>-Â, <unk>-Â "Ân ti-Ârruc x"), idhi aaru mantritva saakhalalo pratidaaniloo sthaapinchabadina rendu agencylanu soochinche padam, eee agencylu mudralu, faillu mariyu vaari mantritva saakhalooni adhyayalanu track chese baadhyatanu kaligi undevi. prabhutva samstha yokka patraalu mariyu recordulanu sweekarinchi pampinhee chese prati okka mantritva saakha yokka pratinidhulu mantritva saakha mudrala nirvahana karyalayam yokka vidhullo undevaaru. eee rendu agencylalo saadhaaranamgaa konni dozenla mandhi adhikarulu untaaru, vaaru tama mantritva saakha nundi patraalanu digumati chesukuntaru. saadhaaranamgaa mantritva saakha paeru neerugaa seal agency paeruku jatacheyabadutundi, udaaharanaku "poura vyavahaaraala mantritva saakha seals management karyalayam-poura vyavahaaraala mantritva saakha adhikarulu vidhullo unnaaru".
nguen raajavamsam kaalam naati mudralu chaalaa ekareeti aakaraanni kaligi untaayi (handletho ledhaa lekunda), viyatnaameeslo eee mudrala ekareeti vivarana ilaa undih
prajalaku goppa birudu pondina taruvaata mudralu kooda ivvabaddaayi. udaaharanaku, leone luis sogni 14va samvatsaramlo (1939) "baaran off yaan binh" (<unk>) anae birudunu pondina taruvaata, ataniki bangaaru mudra mariyu "kimm bye" (<unk>) kooda ivvabadindi, daanipai athani goppa birudu undhi. aaa mudralo "yaan binh naam chii yaan" (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
daani 143 samvatsaraala unikilo, nguen raajavamsam prabhutvam 100 kante ekkuva saamraajya mudralanu srushtinchindi. eee saamraajya mudralu jade, kaamsyam, vendi, bangaaram, dantaalu mariyu ulkalatho tayaaru cheyabaddaayi.
suuryudu, chandrudu, subha meghalu mariyu yinn-yang chihnam.
imperial chaina mariyu raayal korea maadirigaane, vietnamese vaaru suuryudini "saamraajyaaniki chihnamgaa" mariyu subhamaina meghalu mariyu taijitunu "raashtraaniki chihnaluga" upayoginchaaru. taruvaati leey mariyu nguen raajavamsaala vaarasatva vyavasthalu ming mariyu quing raajavamsaala samayamlo chainaalo kanipinchina vaatini pooli undevi. viyatnaamlo mandutunna diskga suurya chihnam 11va sataabdaaniki chendinadi mariyu nguen raajavamsam kaalamlo eee chihnanni tarachugaa chuupina kiranaalatoe chitreekarinchaaru. chandrudu rajyaanni, suuryudu saamrajyaanni, saarvabhoumaadhikaarulanu nakshatraalugaa, aakaasaanni meghaalugaa suuchistaadu.
saamrajyam yokka sadhana" mariyu "rajyam yokka sadhana" vaari saamraajya chainees sahacharulatho samanamga undevi, "saamrajyam yokka sadhana" modata 11va sataabdamloo viyatnaamlo kanipinchindi mariyu taruvaati leey mariyu nguen kalalalo okela undevi, indulo mandutunna suuryudi chuttoo rendu dragonlu undevi, ayithe "rashtra sadhana" anedi traan raajavamsam kaalam nunche upayoginchabadutundani mariyu eee prarambha traan samskaranalo taamara puvvu (bouddhamatam yokka chihnam) chuttoo rendu dragonlu undevi. nguen raajavamsam kaalamlo "rashtra sadhana" loe saadhaaranamgaa chandruni chuttoo rendu dragonlu ledhaa taijitu chuttoo rendu dragonlu undevi, eee chihnam saadhaaranamgaa unnata sthaayi mandarinla topilapai kanipistundi. chandruni chuttoo unna rendu dragonlu chakravarthy ledhaa "saarvabhoumaadhikaari" (dragonlu praatinidhyam vahistaaru) kooda raashtraaniki adhipati (chandrudu ledhaa yinn-yang chihnam dwara suuchistaaru) anie suuchistaayi. french aadhipatyam (<unk>, "phaap thuk") kaalamlo eee chihnalanu french jaateeya assembly (anteh french prajalu) saamrajyam (dragonlu) paie saarvabhoumaadhikaaram kaligi undataanni, ippudu kevalam rashtra adhipati (chandrudu ledhaa yinn-yang chihnam) gaa nirvachinchavacchu. raashtraaniki praatinidhyam vahistunna saadhaarana nguen raajavamsam sainikula sheeldulapai kooda chandrulu kanipinchaaru, ayithe saamraajya rakshakula sainikulu konnisaarlu erra suuryudini varninche shields kaligi undevaaru, avi saamrajyam yokka pani anie pradarsistaayi.
dragonlu.
saamraajya saasanaalu, naanhelu, bhavanalu mariyu saamraajya rakshakula byaadjlatoe sahaa nguen raajavamsam kaalamlo aneka rashtra chihnalapai dragon muulaamsaalu kanipinchaayi. minh mong kaalamlo (1820-1841) vendi nanelapai dragonlu tarachugaa dextorku (kudi vaipuna) edurugaa chitreekarinchabaddaayi, ayithe thiu tran kaalamlo (1841-1847) mariyu taruvaata eee naanhelu dragonla samrakshakulanu (munduku vaipu) chitreekarinchaayi. dragonlanu fueng hong (phoenix), kinn (unicorn) mariyu linh kvi (pavitra taabelu) thoo sahaa naalugu pavitra jantuvulalo okatigaa pariganinchaaru. nguen raajavamsam kaalamlo vietnamese kalalo dragonla chitrana atyunnata sthaayiki cherukundi mariyu nguen raajavamsam dragonla naanhyata mariyu vaividhyam munupati raajavamsaala kante chaalaa ekkuvagaa undhi.
binh tii", ledhaa jiah long 15 (1816) samvatsaramlo moodava nelaloo, chaina nundi swaatantraanni suuchimchadaaniki chakravarthy jiah thana kosam mariyu yuvaraju kosam pratyeka dustulu, topeelu mariyu mudralanu roopondinchaalani aasthaanaanni aadesinchaadu. eee raajachihnaalu annee aidu panjala dragonlanu (<unk>, "rong 5 mong"), chainees prateekavaadamlo (vietnamese prateekavaadamto sahaa) aidu panjala dragonlanu chakravarthy chihnaluga chitreekarinchagaa, naalugu panjala dragonlanu chihnaluga ledhaa rajuluga chuustaaru. chakravarthy yokka unnata hodaanu suuchimchadaaniki anni raacharika dustulu, topeelu mariyu mudralu aidu panjala dragonlatho alankarinchabaddaayi mariyu saamraajya chattabaddhatanu pradarsinchadaaniki aidu panjala dragonlanu vaari seal nabsga kotta mudralanu srushtinchaalani aadesinchaayi. intalo, wardrobelu mariyu saamantulu mariyu yuvarajula itara chihnalu "raajulu" gaa vaari hodaanu soochinche naalugu panjaalu gala dragonlatho alankarinchabaddaayi.
french rakshita annam yokka rendu jaateeya coats off arms kooda bangaaru dragonlanu kaligi untaayi, okati rendu saampradaaya chainees aksharalu "thaay naam" (δι τ) thoo chekkabadina scroll thoo charge cheyabadina prati fesku katthi, dheeniki oke vietnamese dragon maddatu istundi mariyu marokati bangaaru aidu panjaalu gala dragon sthaanaanni kaligi untundi.

