
apollo 16

apolo 16 (april 1627,1972) anedi nasache nirvahinchabadutunna united states apolo antariksha kaaryakramamlo padava sibbandi mission, mariyu chandrunipai digadaaniki aidava mariyu chivaridi. chandruni uparitalampai ekkuva kaalam undadamtho, vignaana saastrampai drushti saarinchi, chandrunipai tirige vahanam (lrv) vaadakamtho idhi apolo yokka "zhe missionlaloo" rendavadi. landing mariyu anveshana descartes ettaina pradaesaalaloo jarigaayi, kontamandi saastravettalu idhi agniparvata charya dwara erpadina praantamgaa untundani bhaavinchinanduna eee pradaesaanni enchukunnaaru, ayithe idhi alaa kaadani niroopinchabadindi.
eee missionloo commander zaan young, lunar module pilate charless duke mariyu command module pilate kenn mattingly sibbandini niyaminchaaru. april 16,1972naa floridaloni kennedy antariksha kendram nundi prayoginchina apolo 16 chandrudiki velle maargamlo aneka chinna chinna lopaalanu edurkondi. ivi antariksha nauka yokka pradhana enginelo samasyatho mugisai, dheeni phalitamgaa chandrunipaiki digadamlo aaru gantala alasyam jarigindi, endukante nassa nirvaahakulu vyomagaamulu missionu nilipivesi, samasyanu adhigaminchavacchani nirnayinche mundu bhoomiki tirigi raavaalani aalochinchaaru. chandrunipaiki digenduku vaaru anumatinchinappatikii, nassa vyomagaamulanu pranaalika kante oka roeju mundugaane mission nundi tirigi vachindi.
april 21naa chandruni uparitalampai chandra maadyuulnu eguravesina taruvaata, young mariyu duke chandruni uparitalampai 71 gantalu gadiparu-kevalam moodu rojulalopu-eee samayamlo vaaru moodu extravehicular karyakalapalu ledhaa moonvaaklanu nirvahinchaaru, mottam 20 gantala 14 nimishalu. eee janta chandrunipai upayoginchina rendava chandra rovernu nadiparu. uparitalampai, yuva mariyu duke bhoomiki tirigi raavadaaniki chandra namuunaalanu sekarinchaaru, veetilo apolo missionla samayamlo sekarinchina atipedda chandra shila ayina bigg muely kooda undhi. eee samayamlo command und servies module (csm) loe chandruni chuttoo mattinga kakshyalo, photolu teeyadam mariyu shaastreeya parikaraalanu nirvahinchadam jarigindi. command moduello 126 gantalu mariyu 64 bhramanaalu chandra kakshyalo gadiparu. young mariyu duke chandra kakshyalo tirigi kalisi, sibbandi servies module (sm) nundi upa upagrahanni vidudala chesaaru. bhoomiki tirigi velletappudu, servies module velupali nundi aneka film cassetlanu tirigi pondadaaniki oka ganta space vaak chesaaru. apolo 16 april 27,1972naa surakshitamgaa bhoomiki tirigi vachindi.
sibbandi mariyu keelaka mission niyantrana sibbandi.
mission commander ayina zaan young 41 samvatsaraala vayassu mariyu apolo 16 samayamlo naavikaadalamloo kepten. 1962loe nassa empika chesina rendava samuuhamloo bhaagamgaa vyomagaamigaa maari, 1965loe gus grissum thoo jemini 3loe egiripoyi, antarikshamlo prayaaninchina modati american gaa nilichaadu. aaa taruvaata athanu maikhel calinsto jemini 10 (1966) loe mariyu apolo 10 (1969) yokka command module pailetga ekkaadu. apolo 16 thoo, athanu zim lavel taruvaata, naalugu saarlu antarikshamlo prayaaninchina rendava american ayyadu.
command module pilate thamus kenneth "kenn" maatingleeki 36 samvatsaraalu mariyu apolo 16 samayamlo naavikaadalamloo leftinent commander. mattingly 1966loe nassa yokka aidava vyomagaamula brundamlo empika cheyabaddaadu. athanu apolo 8 mariyu apolo 9 kosam sahayaka sibbandilo sabhyudiga unnadu. mattingly appudu apolo 11 yokka backup cmp, vilium anders thoo samaantara sikshananu chepattadu, athanu 1969 juulai chivarilo nassa nundi thana raajeenaamaanu prakatinchaadu mariyu tadwara modati chandra landing mission vaida veyabadithe andubaatulo undadu. apolo 11 egaradaaniki mundhe anders nassa nundi bayaluderi unte, mattingly backup sibbandilo athani sthaanaanni aakraminchi undevaadu.
mattingly modata apolo 13 pradhana sibbandiki ketayinchabaddadu, conny charless duke dwara rubellaku gurayyadu, aaa samayamlo apolo 13 yokka backup sibbandilo unna chinnavaaritho; duke daanini thana pillalalo okari nundi pattukunnadu. mattingly eppuduu anaaroogyaaniki gurikaaledu, conny prayogaaniki moodu rojula mundu sibbandi nundi tolaginchabadindi mariyu athani backup, jaak swiggert chetha bharti cheyabadindi. duke, group 5 vyomagaami mariyu antariksha rookie kooda, apolo 10 yokka sahayaka sibbandilo panicheesaaru mariyu apolo 11 kosam capsule communicator (capcom) gaa panicheesaaru. vaimanika dalamlo leftinent kalnal ayina duke apolo 16 samayamlo 36 samvatsaraala vayassulo unnadu, idhi mission samayamlo apolo samayamlo chandrunipai nadichina pannendu mandhi vyomagaamulalo atanni athi pinna vayaskudigaa chesindi. 1971 marchi 3naa mugguru purushulanu apolo 16 yokka pradhana sibbandigaa prakatinchaaru.
apolo 16 yokka backup sibbandilo fred doubleu unnaaru. haise juuniyar. (commander, apolo 13loe egirina), stewart eah. rusa (sii. emm. pii, apolo 14loe egirina) mariyu edger dii. michel (lmp, apolo 14 kooda). adhikarikamga prakatinchanappatikii, vyomagaamula paryaveekshakudaina flight cru operations director deck slayton, modata commanderga vilium aarr. pog (sii. emm. pii) mariyu gerald pii. apolo 19loe pradhana sibbandi niyamakam kosam lakshyamgaa pettukunna kaar (lmp). ayithe, 1970 septembarulo apolos 18 mariyu 19 raddu cheyabadinatlu prakatinchina taruvaata, appatike chandra missionlanu nadipina vyomagaamulanu byakapluga upayoginchadam marinta ardhavantamgaa maarindi, itarulaku sikshana ivvadam kante ded-end assainment kaavacchu. taruvaata, rusa mariyu michelnu backup sibbandiki ketaayinchaaru, ayithe pog mariyu kaarlanu skylab prograamku tirigi niyaminchaaru, akkada vaaru skylab 4loe egaraaru.
paadarasam mariyu jemini prajectula kosam, oka pradhana mariyu backup sibbandini niyaminchaaru, conny apolo kosam, sahayaka sibbandi anie piluvabade vyomagaamula moodava samuuham kooda niyaminchabadindi. apolo 9kii naayakatvam vahinchaboye apolo sibbandi commander james mcdivit salaha meraku apolo karyakramam praarambhamlo sahayaka brundaalanu slayton srushtinchaadu. mcdivit, america antataa soukaryaalalo sannahalu jarugutunnayani nammadu.ess.vimaana sibbandilo oka sabhyudu avasaramayye samavesalu tappipotaayi. mission commander aadesinchina vidhamgaa sahayaka sibbandi sabhyulu sahayam cheyalsi untundi. saadhaaranamgaa seniority takkuvagaa undi, vaaru mission niyamaalu, vimaana pranaalika mariyu checklistlanu sameekarinchi, vaatini naveekaristune untaaru. apolo 16 kosam, avih anthony doubleu. ingland, carle zii. heneez, henry doubleu. hartsfield juuniyar., robbert eff. overmayer mariyu donald hetch. peterson.
vimaana darsakulu peat fraank mariyu phillip shaffer, modati shift, zeane cranz mariyu donald aarr. puddi, second shift, mariyu gerry griffin, neel bii. hutchinson mariyu charless aarr. levis, moodava shift. apolo samayamlo vimaana directorlu oka vaakya udyoga vivarananu kaligi unnaru "vimaana director sibbandi bhadrata mariyu mission vijayaniki avasaramaina evaina charyalu teesukovachhu."cap kaamlu hays, rusa, michel, james bii. irvin, ingland, peterson, hartsfield mariyu sii. gordan fullerton.
mission chihnam mariyu coll sankethaalu.
apolo 16 yokka chihnamlo american eegil mariyu united states prajalanu soochinche erupu, telupu mariyu neelam sheeled, chandra uparitalaanni soochinche buudida rangu nepathyamlo aadhipatyam chelaayistundi. kavachanni kappadam chandruni chuttoo kakshyalo tirugutunna bangaaru nassa vector. daani bangaaru-anchugala neelam anchuna, mission nambarnu soochinche 16 nakshatraalu unnaayi, mariyu sibbandi paerlanu suchistaih yuva, mattingly, duke. hyuustanlooni manushulatho kuudina antariksha nauka kendramlo graphics shaapuku chendina barbara matelsky modata mission sibbandi samarpinchina aalochanala nundi eee chihnanni roopondinchaaru.
young mariyu duke chandra module yokka coll saine kosam "orean" nuu enchukunnaaru, ayithe command mariyu servies module kosam "cosper" nuu enchukunnaaru. duke prakaram, athanu mariyu young lm kosam "orean" nuu enchukunnaaru endukante vaaru nakshatraalato anusandhaaninchabadina edho korukunnaru. bhoomi nundi kanipinche prakaasavantamaina nakshatraraashulalo orean okati, mariyu vyomagaamulu vaari prayaanam antataa kanipinchedi. duke kooda ilaa paerkonnaadu, "idhi oka pramukha nakshatrarashi mariyu uchcharinchadam mariyu mission niyantranaku prasaram cheyadam sulabham". eee vimaanamlo taginanta teevramaina vishayalu unnaayi kabatti neenu teevramaina paeru enchukoledu kabatti, snehapoorvaka deyyaanni prerepistuu," cosper "nuu enchukunnaanani mattingly chepparu."
pranaalika mariyu sikshana.
landing sait empika.
apolo 16 anedi apolo yokka zhe missionlaloo rendavadi, indulo chandruni bhramana vahanam, perigina shaastreeya saamarthyam mariyu moodu rojula chandra uparitala basanu kaligi undhi. apolo 16 anedi apolo kaaryakramamlo chivari mission mariyu chandruni uparitalampai pareekshinchadaaniki pedda kotta hardware ledhaa vidhanalu laevu kabatti, chivari rendu missionlu (marokati apolo 17) vyomagaamulaku chandruni lakshanaalanu ardham chesukovadamlo konni anischitulanu tolaginche avakaasaalanu andinchaayi. saastravettalu chandruni prarambha charitrapai samacharanni koraru, idhi daani puraatana uparitala lakshanaalu, chandra ettaina praantaala nundi pondavacchu. apolo 14 mariyu apolo 15 thoo sahaa munupati apolo dandayaatralu, oohinchani chandra padaarthaala namuunaalanu pondaayi, ivi ulka prabhaavaala dwara ettaina praantaala nundi visirabadi undavacchu. ivi chandruni lopali nundi lava paiki lechi, lothattu praantaalu mariyu pareevaahaka praantaalanu munchettadaaniki mundu nativi. ayinappatikee, yea apolo mission vaastavaaniki chandruni ettaina praantaalanu sandarsinchaledu.
apolo 14 gurrapu gurrapu prabhava pareevaahaka praantaanni srushtinchina prabhavam valla bayatapadina padaarthaala sikharaanni sandarsinchi, namuunaanu sekarinchindi. adevidhamgaa, apolo 15 kooda pareevaahaka praantam anchunu sandarsinchi, aaa praantamloo padaarthaanni namoonaga teesukundi. apolo 14 mariyu apolo 15 landing saitlu embrium pareevaahaka praanthamtho daggari sambandham kaligi unnanduna, chandruni ettaina praantaalalo vividha bhoogarbha prakriyalu prabalamgaa unde avakaasam undhi. shaastravetta daan milton, chandra kakshya chaayaachitraala nundi ettaina praantaala chaayaachitraalanu adhyayanam chestu, chandruni descartes praantamloo asadhaaranamgaa adhika albido unna oka praantaanni chushadu, idhi agniparvata shila kaaranamgaa undavacchani athanu siddhaanteekarinchaadu; athani siddhaantaaniki twaragaa vistruta maddatu labhinchindi. shaastreeya samaajamlooni aneka mandhi sabhyulu, madhya chandra parvataalu agniparvata prakriyala dwara srushtinchabadina bhoomipai praantaalanu pooli unnayani, chandrunipai kooda idhi nijamani oohinchavacchani paerkonnaaru. apolo 16 mission nundi shaastreeya phalitaalu samadhanam istayani vaaru aasinchaaru. kontamandi saastravettalu pedda bilam, taiko sameepamlo digadaaniki vaadinchaaru, conny chandra bhoomadhyarekha nundi daani dhooram mariyu chandra module chaalaa kathinamaina bhoobhaganni cherukovalasi untundi anae vaastavam daanini tosipuchindi.
apolo 16 mariyu 17 landing saitlanu nirnayinchadaaniki taatkaalika apolo sait muulyaankana kamitee april mariyu mae 1971loe samavesamaindi; dheeniki bell com yokka noel hinners adhyakshata vahinchaaru. tudi landing saitlu chandra parvata praantaalalo undaali, mariyu apolo 16 kosam pariganinchabade saitlalo mair nectoris mariyu bilam alphonsusku paschimaana unna descartes parvata praantaalu unnaayi. descartes sait mariyu munupati apolo landing saitla madhya gananeeyamaina dhooram kooda bhookampamaapakaala netvarkku prayojanakaramgaa untundi, apolo 12 thoo praarambhamayye prati landing missionloo moharinchabadutundi.
alphonsus vadda, moodu shaastreeya lakshyalu praadhamika aasakti mariyu atyunnata praamukhyata kaligi unnayani nirnayinchabaddaayih bilam goda lopala nundi paatha, puurva-imprium prabhavam padaartham yokka avakaasam, bilam lopali kuurpu mariyu gatha agniparvata karyakalapala avakaasam aneka chinna "dark haalo" craterla vadda bilam yokka neelapai. ayithe, bilam nundi pondina namuunaalu raktasraavam prabhavam valla kalushitamai undavacchani bhuuvignaana saastravettalu bhayapaddaru, tadwara apolo 16 prii-raktasraavam padaartham yokka namuunaalanu pondakunda nirodhinchindi. apolo 14 namuunaalu inca puurtigaa vislaeshimchabadalaedu mariyu apolo 15 nundi namuunaalu inca pondabadaledu kabatti, apolo 14 mariyu apolo 15 missionla dwara eee lakshyam ippatike santrupti chendhi unde spashtamaina avakaasam kooda undhi.
juun 3,1971naa, sait empika kamitee descartes sait kosam apolo 16 missionu lakshyamgaa chesukovalani nirnayinchindi. nirnayam taruvaata, alphonsus sait apolo 17kii atyanta sambhaavya abhyardhigaa pariganinchabadindi, conny chivariki tiraskarinchabadindi. apolo 14 missionloo pondina kakshya chayachitrana sahayamtho, descartes sait sibbandi landingku taginanta surakshitamgaa untundani nirnayinchaaru. nirdishta landing sait rendu yuva prabhava craterla madhya undhi, uttara kiranaalu mariyu dakshina kiranaalu craterlu-varusaga vyaasamlo-ivi "sahaja drill randhraalanu" andinchaayi, ivi sait vadda chandra regolith dwara chochukupoyayi, tadwara bahirgatamaina raatini vadilivestaayi, veetini sibbandi namuunaa cheyavachu.
empika taruvaata, mission plannerlu chandra parvata praantaala yokka rendu bhoogarbha vibhaagaalaina descartes mariyu kylie nirmaanaalanu chesaaru, ivi mission yokka praadhamika namuunaa aasakti. chandra agniparvatam dwara shaastreeya samajam vistrutamgaa anumaaninchina eee nirmaanaale, conny mission nundi chandra namuunaala kuurpu dwara eee parikalpana tappugaa niroopinchabadindi.
sikshana.
saadhaarana apolo antariksha nauka shikshanhato paatu, young mariyu duke, backup commander fred haisto kalisi, vistrutamaina bhougolika sikshanaa kaaryakramaaniki gurayyaru, indulo chandra uparitalampai lakshanaalanu vislaeshimchadaaniki mariyu namuunaalanu sekarinchadaaniki vaaru upayoginche bhavanalu mariyu paddhatulanu parichayam cheyadaaniki aneka kshetra paryatanalu unnaayi. eee paryatanala samayamlo, vaaru sandarsinchi, vaaru edurkone bhuuvignaana lakshanaala gurinchi shaastreeya vivaranalanu andinchaaru. sikshana prarambha bhaagamlo backup lmp, michel andubaatulo ledhu, apolo 14kii sambandhinchina panulatho nimagnamai undhi, conny september 1971 natiki bhoogarbha kshetra paryatanalalo cherindi. dheeniki mundu, toney ingland (sahayaka sibbandi mariyu lunar eevaa capcom sabhyudu) ledhaa bhuuvignaana sikshakulalo okaru bhoogarbha shaastra kshetra paryatanalalo haisto paatu sikshana pondutaaru.
descartes agniparvatam anie nammutaaru kabatti, eee sikshanalo chaalaa bhaagam agniparvata raallu mariyu lakshanaala vaipu drushti saarinchindi, ayithe itara rakaala raallanu kaligi unna pradaesaalaku kshetra paryatanalu jarigaayi. taruvaata chinna vayassulo vyakhyaaninchinatlugaa, descartes agniparvatamgaa niroopinchabadaledu kabatti agniparvata rahita sikshana marinta upayogakaramgaa niroopinchabadindi. 1971 joolailo, vaaru kenadaaloni antarioloni sudbareeni bhoogarbha shaastra sikshana vyayamala kosam sandarsinchaaru, modatisaarigaa yuu.ess. vyomagaamulu kenadaalo sikshana pondaaru. apolo 14 landing sibbandi paschima germanyloni oka pradaesaanni sandarsinchaaru; bhoogarbha shaastravetta daan wilhelms akkada paerkonabadani sanghatanalu marinta european sikshanaa parytanalanu thosipuchadaaniki slayton kaaranamayyaayani paerkonnaaru. sumaru 1.8 billion samvatsaraala kritam oka pedda ulka dwara srushtinchabadina vistruta bilam kaaranamgaa bhuuvignaana saastravettalu sudbareeni enchukunnaaru. sudbury pareevaahaka praantam shotter cone bhoogarbha saastraaniki sambandhinchina aadhaaraalanu chooputundi, apolo sibbandiki ulka prabhavam yokka bhoogarbha aadhaaraalanu parichayam chestundi. sikshanaa vyayamala samayamlo vyomagaamulu antariksha suutlanu dharinchaledu, conny chandruni uparitalampai vaaru upayoginche vidhaanaalanu abhyasistuu, okaritho okaru mariyu inglandto sambhaashinchadaaniki radeo parikaraalanu teesukellaaru. sikshana mugise samayaniki, enimidi mandhi vyomagaamulu mariyu dozenla koddi sahayaka sibbandini kaligi unna kshetra paryatanalu pradhana vyayaamaalugaa marai, media nundi kavarejeeni aakarshinchayi. anhu paelulla valla migilipoyina bhaarii craterlu chandrunipai kanipinche pedda craterlanu anukarinchina newada pariksha sthalamlo vyayamam kosam, palgone vaarandarikee bhadrata clearance mariyu jabita cheyabadina tadupari bandhuvulu undaali, mariyu cmp mattingly dwara overflight cheyadaaniki pratyeka anumati avasaram.
kshetra bhoogarbha shaastra shikshanhato paatu, yuva mariyu duke vaari eevaa space suutlanu upayoginchadaaniki, taggina chandra gurutvaakarshanaku anugunamgaa maaradaaniki, namuunaalanu sekarinchadaaniki mariyu chandruni bhramana vahananni nadapadaniki kooda sikshana pondaaru. vaaru apolo 13 kosam byakapluga undatam, landing missionga pranaalika veyadam, antey vaaru tama samaya sikshanalo 40 saatam tama uparitala karyakalapala kosam kharchu cheyagalaru. vaaru manugada sikshananu kooda pondaaru mariyu mission yokka saanketika amsaala kosam siddhamayyaru. vyomagaamulu munupati missionla dwara tirigi teesukuvacchina chandra namuunaalanu adhyayanam cheyadaaniki, missionloo teesukellavalasina parikaraala gurinchi telusukovadaaniki mariyu aaa parikaraala baadhyata kaligina pradhana parisoedhakulu apolo 16 nundi emi neerchukoevaalani aasistunnaaro vinadaniki chaalaa samayam gadiparu. eee sikshana chandrunipai unnappudu, oohinchina agniparvata silalu levani grahinchadaaniki yuvakulaku mariyu dukelaku sahaayapadindi, mission niyantranalo unna bhoogarbha saastravettalu praarambhamlo vaatini nammakapoyinappatiki. chaalaa varaku sikshana-yuvakula prakaram, 350 gantalu-antariksha suutlu dharinchina sibbandito nirvahinchabadindi, idhi yuvataku mukhyamainadigaa bhaavinchi, vyomagaamulu tamaku ketaayinchina panulanu cheyadamlo parikaraala parimitulanu telusukovadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. vimaanamlo kshetra praantaala meedugaa egaradam dwara kakshya nundi bhougolika lakshanaalanu gurtinchadamlo sikshana kooda pondaadu mariyu chandra kakshya nundi shaastreeya parikara maadyuulnu nirvahinchadaaniki sikshana pondaadu.
parikaraalu.
prayoga vahanam.
apolo 16nii chandrudiki teesukellina prayoga vahanam sanivaaram v, dheenini 511 gaa perkonabadindi. idhi eguraveyabadina padakondava sanivaaram v mariyu sibbandi missionlaloo upayoginchina tommidavadi. apolo 16 yokka sattern vii daadaapu apolo 15 thoo samanamga untundi. chesina oka maarpu emitante, ess-aisi modati dasaku naalugu retroraketlanu punaruddharinchadam, antey apolo 14 mariyu antakumundu vale mottam enimidi untaayi. raddu cheyabadina modati dasha mariyu sanivaaram v madhya dheekone pramaadaanni tagginchadaaniki retroraketlanu upayoginchaaru. baruvunu aadaa cheyadaaniki apolo 15 yokka sattern vii nundi eee naalugu retroraketlanu tolaginchaaru, conny apolo 15 yokka vimaana vislaeshanha jetison tarvaata oohinchina daanikante ess-aisi daggaragaa vachindani choopinchindi, mariyu naalugu raaketlu mariyu okati matrame viphalamaithe, gharshana jaragavacchani bhayapadindi.
alsep mariyu itara uparitala parikaraalu.
apolo 11 taruvaata anni chandra landing missionla maadirigaane, apolo 16loe apolo chandra uparitala prayogaala packagy (alsep) eguraveyabadindi. idhi vaatini erpaatu chesina vyomagaamulu bhoomiki tirigi vacchina tarvaata pani cheyadaaniki roopondinchina anusaktitoe nadiche prayogaala suut. apolo 16 yokka alaseplo nishkriyaatmaka bhookampa prayogam (pse, oka bhookampamaapakam), kriyaaseela bhookampa prayogam (ase), chandra ushna pravaaha prayogam (hfe) mariyu chandra uparitala magnetometer (lsm) unnaayi. anushakti commission abhivruddhi chesina snap-27 radioisotope thermoelectric generator dwara alsep saktini pondindi.
apolo 12,14 mariyu 15 vadilivesina bhookampamaapakaala netvarkku pse jodinchabadindi. nassa vyomagaamulu daani daggara lm yokka aarohana dasanu crash cheyadam dwara apolo 16 pseni kramaankanam cheyadaaniki uddesinchindi, telisina dravyarashi mariyu vegam yokka vastuvu telisina pradaesamloe prabhaavitam chestundi. ayithe, jetison taruvaata nassa aarohana dasapai niyantrana kolpoyindi, idhi jaragaledu. chandruni bhoogarbha nirmaanam gurinchi samacharanni tirigi ivvadaaniki roopondinchina aselo rendu samuuhaala paeludu padaarthaalu undevi okati, moodu geophonelaku anusandhaaninchabadina "thumpers" varusanu moharinchalsi untundi. alsep vistarana samayamlo thumperlu paelutaayi. rendava samuuham vividha parimaanaala naalugu mortarlu, vyomagaamulu bhoomiki tirigi vacchina tarvaata remotga bayaludaeraali. itara prayogaalanu prabhaavitam chestaarane bhayamtho daani mortarlu eppuduu prayoginchabadanappatiki, apolo 14 kooda oka esnu mosukellindi.
hcfeelo chandruni uparitalampai rendu randhraalanu travvadam mariyu thermometers unchadam vantivi unnaayi, idhi chandruni lopali nundi entha vaedi pravahistundo kolustundi. idhi hcfeeni unchadaaniki chesina moodava prayatnam modatidi apolo 13loe egiripoyi chandruni uparitalaaniki cherukoledu, ayithe apolo 15loe, drillo samasyalu antey probes pranaalika prakaram lothugaa vellaledu. duke modati probnu vijayavantamgaa unchina taruvaata apolo 16 prayatnam viphalamaindi; young, bhaarii spacesootlo thana paadaalanu chudalekapoyadu, bayataku teesi, kebulnu thana kaalu chuttoo chutti, mukkalu chesaadu. nassa nirvaahakulu marammatu prayatnaanni veeto chesaaru, endukante dheeniki entha samayam padutundi. oka hcfe egiri, apolo 17loe vijayavantamgaa moharinchabadindi.
chandruni ayaskanta kshetram yokka balaanni kolavadaniki lsm roopondinchabadindi, idhi bhoomi yokka ayaskanta kshetram yokka balamlo oka chinna bhaagam matrame. chandra roverlo teesukelladaaniki mariyu aneka bhoogarbha stapla vadda sakriyam cheyadaaniki chandra portable magnetometer (lpm) nuu upayoginchadam dwara adanapu dayta tirigi ivvabadutundi. apolo 12 namuunaa nundi neerchukoevaalani saastravettalu aasinchaaru, apolo 16 naa chandrudiki kluptamgaa tirigi ivvabadutundi, daani nundi "mruduvaina" ayaskaantatvam tolaginchabadindi, daani prayaanamloo punaruddharinchabadindo ledho chuudataaniki. mission taruvaata kolatalu munupati kante takkuva teevratatoo unnappatikee, "mruduvaina" ayaskaantatvam namuunaaku tirigi vachindani kanugonnayi.
bhoomi yokka carona yokka masking prabhavam lekunda antarikshamlo hydrogen vanarulapai daetaanu koorutuu chandruni nundi teesukunna modati khagola pariseelana ayina suduura atineelalohita camera/spectrograph (yuvisi) eguraveyabadindi. eee parikaranni lm needalo unchaaru mariyu neeharika, itara khagola vastuvulu, bhoomi mariyu chandra uparitalampai kanipinche evaina agniparvata dwaaraalanu chuupimchaaru. eee chitram tirigi bhoomiki vachindi. saadhaarana prekshakula kosam phalitaalanu sangrahinchamani adiginappudu, daa. navika parisoedhanaa prayogasaalaku chendina georg caruthers ilaa paerkonnaaru, "atyanta takshana spashtamaina mariyu adbhutamaina phalitaalu nijamgaa bhoomi pariseelanalaku sambandhinchinavi, endukante bhoomini atineelalohita (yuvi) kaantiloo dhooram nundi chithreekarinchadam idhe modatisaari, tadwara meeru hydrogen vaataavaranam, dhruva auroris mariyu manam ushnamandala gaalini merupu belt anie piliche puurti sthaayini chudavachu."
lm yokka avarohana dasalo amarchina naalugu panellu cosmic rae detectornu kaligi unnaayi, idhi cosmic rae mariyu soura gaali kanaalanu record cheyadaaniki roopondinchabadindi. chandrudiki prayaninchetappudu moodu falakaalu velikiteesaaru, naalgavadi eevaa praarambhamlo sibbandi velikiteesaaru. bhoomiki tirigi raavadaaniki panellu sanchilo unchabadataayi. chandruni uparitalampai moharinchadaaniki mariyu bhoomiki tirigi raavadaaniki, chandrunipai prati landinglo unnatlugaa, swechchagaa nilabade soura gaali kuurpu prayogam apolo 16loe egiripoyindi. kalushyanni tagginchadaaniki munupati prayogaala aluminianiki platinum reku jodinchabadindi.
kanaalu mariyu kshetraalu upa upagraham pfs-2.
apolo 16 particals und fields sub satellite (pfs-2) anedi servies module nundi chandra kakshyaloki vidudala cheyabadina oka chinna upagraham. enimidi nelala kritam apolo 15 vidudala chesina chandrudu thana sodari antariksha nauka pfs-1 maadirigaane bhoomi chuttoo kakshyalo unna chandruni chuttoo charge cheyabadina kanaalu mariyu ayaskanta kshetraalanu kolavadam dheeni pradhana lakshyam. rendu problu chandra uparitalam paina nundi oke vidhamaina kaksyalanu kaligi undataaniki uddesinchabaddaayi.
apolo 15 upa upagraham maadirigaane, pfs-2 daani kakshya ksheeninchadaaniki kaneesam oka samvatsaram mundu jeevitakaalam untundani anchanaa veyabadindi mariyu idhi chandruni uparitalampai koolipoyindi. pradhana enginelo ibbandulu unnanduna apolo 16nii intiki teesukuraavaalane nirnayam antey antariksha nauka pfs-2 kosam pranaalika cheyabadina kakshyaku vellaledu. badulugaa, idhi pranaalika kante takkuva kakshyaloki bayataku pampabadindi mariyu chandrudini 424 saarlu chuttina taruvaata 1972 mae 29naa oka nela taruvaata chandrudipaiki koolipoyindi. chandruni maskanlu daani kakshyalo unna bhoomi maargaaniki daggaragaa undatam mariyu pfs-2 nuu chandruniloki laagadaaniki sahayapadatam valla eee swalpa jeevitakaalam erpadindi.
mission eevents.
antariksha nauka mariyu prayoga vahanam yokka amsaalu juulai 1970loe kennedy antariksha kendraaniki cherukovadam praarambhinchaayi, mariyu annee september 1971 natiki cherukunnayi. apolo 16 modata marchi 17,1972naa prayoginchavalasi undhi. pareeksha samayamlo CM yokka praticharya niyantrana vyavastha kosam muutraasayaalaloo okati pagilindi. eee samasya, chandra uparitalam nundi vyomagaamulu tirigi vacchina tarvaata csm nundi lmnu tolaginche paeludu teegalalo okati sarigga panicheyadu, mariyu duke yokka antariksha dustulato samasya, prayogaanni tadupari prayoga kitikeeki jaaraveyadam vaanchaneeyamgaa chesindi. aaa vidhamgaa, apolo 16 april 16kii vaida veyabadindi. 1971 december 13naa vaahanaala assembly bhavanam nundi vidudala chesina prayoga vaahanaala stock, 1972 janavari 27naa tirigi ivvabadindi. fibravari 9naa complexes 39enu praarambhinchadaaniki mallee vidudala cheyabadindi.
prayogaaniki aaru rojula mundu, 1972 april 10, somavaaram udayam 8:30 gantalaku adhikaarika mission countdown praarambhamaindi. eee samayamlo shutternv rockett yokka moodu dasalu saktivantam cheyabaddaayi, mariyu traaguneetini antariksha noukaloki pampaaru. countdown prarambhamainappudu, april 16naa prayogam jarugutundani oohinchi apolo 16 sibbandi tudi sikshanaa vyayamalalo palgontunnaru. vyomagaamulu april 11naa vaari tudi preflight saareeraka pareekshaku gurayyaru. countdownloo unnavi schedule loe mundugaa pranaalika cheyabadinavi matrame, prayoga samayam sameepistunna koddi vaataavaranam sarasamainadi.
prarambha mariyu bahya prayaanam.
april 16,1972naa floridaloni kennedy antariksha kendram nundi april 16naa madhyahnam 1 gantalaku apolo 16 mission praarambhinchabadindi. prayogam namamatramga undhi; sibbandi munupati missionla maadirigaane kampanaanni anubhavinchaaru. shani yokka modati mariyu rendava dasalu (s-ic mariyu s-iii) namamatramga pradarsinchabaddaayi; antariksha nauka eguravesina 12 nimishala lopu bhoomi chuttoo kakshyaloki pravesinchindi.
kakshyaku cherukunna taruvaata, sibbandi sunna-gurutvakarshana vaataavaranaaniki anugunamgaa mariyu chandrudiki nadipinche moodava-dasha rockett yokka dahanam ayina trans-lunar injection (tli) kosam antariksha noukanu siddham cheyadaaniki samayanni vecchinchaaru. bhoomi kakshyalo, sibbandi paryaavarana niyantrana vyavastha mariyu ess-ivb moodava dasha vaikhari niyantrana vyavasthatho sambhaavya samasyatho sahaa chinna saanketika samasyalanu edurkonnaru, conny chivariki vaaru chandruni vaipu bayaludaeradaaniki siddhamavutunnappudu vaatini parishkarinchaaru ledhaa bharti chesaaru.
rendu kakshyala taruvaata, rockett yokka moodava dasha kevalam aidu nimishaalaku paiga punaruddharinchabadindi, noukanu chandruni vaipu sumaruga munduku nadipinchindi. ess-ivb kaalipoyina aaru nimishala taruvaata, sibbandini kaligi unna command und servies modules (csm), rockett nundi vaeru cheyabadi, chuttoo tiragadaaniki mariyu chandra maadyuulnu kharchu chesina rockett dasha lopala nundi tirigi pondadaaniki mundu daani nundi dhooramgaa prayaaninchaayi. mattingly dwara pradarsinchabadina mariyu transposition, docking mariyu velikiteeta anie piluvabade yukti sajavuga saagindi.
badilee mariyu docking taruvaata, chandra module yokka bahya uparitalam lm yokka charmam chirigina ledhaa mukkalu chesinatlu kanipinche pradaesam nundi kanaalanu vidudala chestunnatlu sibbandi gamaninchaaru; oka samayamlo, duke vaaru sekanuku aidu nundi padhi kanaalanu chuustunnaarani anchanaa vaesaaru. young mariyu duke daani vyavasthalanu tanikhi cheyadaaniki command maadyooltho anusandhaaninche docking sorangam dwara chandra maadyoolloki pravesinchaaru, aaa samayamlo vaaru etuvanti pedda samasyalanu gurtinchaledu.
okasari chandruni vaipu prayaanistunnappudu, sibbandi antariksha noukanu rotissery "barbeque" modlo unchaaru, dheenilo suuryuni nundi antariksha nauka gurinchi vaedi pampineeni nirdhaarinchadaaniki craft daani podavaina aksham venta gantaku moodu saarlu tirugutundi. samudrayaanam kosam noukanu marinta siddham chesina taruvaata, sibbandi prayoginchina 15 gantala lopu mission yokka modati nidra kaalanni praarambhinchaaru.
mission controll rendava roeju vimaana sibbandiki melkolupu coll jaarii chese samayaniki, antariksha nauka bhoomiki dhooramgaa undhi, sumaruga prayaanistoemdi. idhi naalugo roeju varaku chandra kakshyaloki rakapovadam valla, rendava mariyu moodava roeju vimanalu ekkuvagaa sannahakamgaa undevi, indulo antariksha nauka nirvahana mariyu shaastreeya parisoedhanalu untaayi. rendava roeju, sibbandi oka electrophoresis prayogaanni nirvahinchaaru, idhi apolo 14 paie kooda pradarsinchabadindi, dheenilo vaaru tama baruvu laeni vaataavaranamloo electrophoretic vibajananu bhoomipai saadhyamayye daanikante ekkuva swachchata kaligina padaarthaalanu utpatti cheyadaaniki upayoginchavacchani niroopinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru. rendu ververu parimaanaala polystyrene kanaalanu upayoginchi, oka parimaanam erupu mariyu oka neelam, electrophoresis dwara rendu rakaala vibhajana saadhinchabadindi, ayithe prayoga parikaraalalo electro-asmasis rendu kanaala byaandla spashtamaina vibajananu nirodhinchindi.
rendava roeju migilina bhaagamlo antariksha nauka yokka pathaanni sardubaatu cheyadaaniki csm yokka servies propulsion system (ess ps) injin nirvahinchina rendu sekanla mid-course diddubaatu manta undhi. aaa roeju taruvaata, vyomagaamulu landing craft yokka vyavasthalanu marinta tanikhi cheyadaaniki rendavasari chandra maadyoolloki pravesinchaaru. lm yokka bayati aluminium charmamloni oka bhaagam nundi adanapu paint tokkadam gamaninchinatlu sibbandi nivedinchaaru. ayinappatikee, antariksha nauka yokka vyavasthalu namamatramga panicheestunnaayani sibbandi kanugonnaru. lm tanikhi taruvaata, sibbandi vaari raaka mariyu chandra kakshya choppinchadam (loeyi) mantanu oohinchi taruvaati rojula tanikhi jaabitaalu mariyu vidhaanaalanu sameekshinchaaru. command module pilate "gimbal lock" nuu mattingly nivedinchaaru, antey craft yokka vaikharini track chese vyavastha ikapai khachitamainadi kaadu. suurya, chandrulanu upayoginchi maargadarsaka vyavasthanu tirigi amarchavalasi vachindi. rendava roeju chivarilo, apolo 16 bhoomiki dhooramgaa undhi.
vyomagaamulu moodava roeju vimaanamlo prayaaninchadaaniki melkonnappudu, antariksha nauka bhoomiki dhooramgaa undhi. gurutvakarshana prabhavam yokka chandra golaaniki inca cherukoni kaaranamgaa nauka yokka vegam kramamga taggindi. moodava roeju praarambhamlo ekkuvagaa house keeping, antariksha nauka nirvahana mariyu hyoostanlo mission niyanthranatho sthithi nivedikala marpidi. antariksha nauka cheekatigaa unnappudu apolo chandra vyomagaamulu chusina "light flashes" nuu parisoedhinchadaaniki sibbandi apolo light flash prayogam ledhaa alfmednu pradarsinchaaru, vaari kallu terichi unnaya anae daanitoe sambandham lekunda. cosmic rae kanaala dwara kanti chochukupovadam valla idhi sambhavinchindani bhaavinchaaru. roeju rendava bhaagamlo, young mariyu duke mallii chandra maadyoolloki pravesinchi, daanini saktivantam chesi, daani vyavasthalanu tanikhi chesi, chandrunipaiki digadaaniki sannahakamgaa house keeping panulanu nirvahistaaru. vyavasthalu oohinchina vidhamgaa panichestunnatlu kanugonabadindi. dheeni taruvaata, sibbandi tama antariksha suutlanu dharinchi, landing rojuna upayoginche vidhaanaalanu abhyasinchaaru. moodava roeju mugimpuku mundu, 59 gantalu, 19 nimishalu, 45 sekanla samayamlo, bhoomi nundi mariyu chandruni nundi, chandruni prabhava golamloki pravesinchina taruvaata chandruni vaipu vegavantam kaavadamtho antariksha nauka yokka vegam peragadam praarambhinchindi.
vimaanamlo naalugo roeju melkonna taruvaata, sibbandi vaarini kakshyaloki vichchinnam chese loeyi yukti kosam sannahalu praarambhinchaaru. shaastreeya parikaraala module (sim) yokka ettulo bay cover tolaginchabadindi. mission loe kevalam 74 gantalaku paiga, antariksha nauka chandruni venukaku velli, mission niyanthranatho tatkalikamga sambandhaanni kolpoyindi. suduura vaipuna, antariksha noukalu 6 nimishalu mariyu 15 sekanla paatu kaalipoyaayi, antariksha noukanu 58.3 yokka takkuva binduvu (perisynthian) mariyu 170.4 natical mailla (108.0 mariyu 315.6 kimmy, varusaga) yokka adhika binduvu (aposynthian) thoo kakshyaloki break chesaayi. chandra kakshyaloki pravesinchina taruvaata, sibbandi antariksha nauka yokka kakshya pathaanni marinta savarinchadaaniki avarohana kakshya choppimpu (doi) yukti kosam sannahalu praarambhinchaaru. eee yukti vijayavantamaindi, idhi chetivruttula yokka perisynthiannu tagginchindi. migilina naalugo roeju vimaanamlo chandra maadyuulnu activate cheyadaaniki, undocking cheyadaaniki mariyu marusati roeju landing cheyadaaniki pariseelanalu mariyu sannahalu cheyadam jarigindi.
chandruni uparitalam.
sibbandi chandra module activation mariyu egaravesina ventane undocking kosam sannahalu chestune aidava roeju vimananni praarambhinchaaru. sim baeloe maas spectrometernu vistarinchina boom chikkukundi, paakshikamgaa moharinchabadindi. yuva mariyu duke csm nundi lmnu undock chesina tarvaata boomnu drushyaparamgaa tanikhi cheyaalani nirnayinchaaru. vaaru antariksha nauka yokka vyavasthalanu sakriyam cheyadaaniki mariyu tanikhi cheyadaaniki lm loki pravesinchaaru. schedule kante 40 nimishala mundu elmloki pravesinchinappatiki, prakriyaloo aneka jaapyaala kaaranamgaa vaaru kevalam 10 nimishala mundugaane sannahalu puurti chesaaru. sannahalu puurtavadamtoe, vaaru missionloki 96 gantalu, 13 nimishalu, 31 sekanla paatu undock chesaaru.
migilina rendu chetipanula kosam chandruni sameepa vaipu gundaa velutundi, "cosper" nuu adhika, vruttaakaara kakshyaku maarchadaaniki siddhamgaa untundi, yuva mariyu duke chandra uparitalaaniki digadaaniki "orean" nuu siddham chestaaru. eee samayamlo, craft yokka kaksyanu savarinchadaaniki kaalipovadaaniki sannahakamgaa csm yokka steer cheyagala rockett injin pareekshala samayamlo, ess ps injin yokka backup gimbal vyavasthalo dolanalanu mattingly gurtinchindi. mission nibandhanala prakaram, atuvanti paristhitulalo, mission niyantrana landingnu nilipiveyaalani mariyu bhoomiki tirigi velladaaniki chandra module yokka enginelanu upayoginchaalani nirnayinchinatlayithe, "orean" "cosper" thoo tirigi dock cheyavalasi untundi. badulugaa, rendu noukalu okadaanikokati daggaragaa sthaanaalanu konasaagistuu, nilabadi unnaayi. aneka gantala vislaeshanha taruvaata, mission controllerlu vaiphalyam chuttoo pani cheyavachani, yuva mariyu duke landingtho munduku saagavacchani nirnayinchaaru.
chandruni uparitalampaiki saktinicche avarohana schedule kante aaru gantala aalasyamgaa praarambhamaindi. alasyam kaaranamgaa, young mariyu duke munupati mission kante ekkuva ettulo uparitalampai digadam praarambhinchaaru. sumaru ettuku digipoyina taruvaata, yuvakulu landing saitnu puurtigaa chudagaligaru. lm landing injin yokka thoretal-down samayaniki sambhavinchindi, mariyu antariksha nauka daani landing dhoraniki munduku vangi undhi. mission praarambhamaina 104 gantala, 29 nimishala, 35 sekanla samayamlo pranaalikaabaddhamaina landing saitku uttara, paschima disalo, april 21naa (housetonlo april 20naa madhyahnam 8:23:35) 2:23:35 UTC vadda LM digindi. chandrunipai tirige vahanam labhyata lakshya binduvu nundi vaati dooraanni chinnadigaa chesindi.
landing taruvaata, young mariyu duke battery saktini aadaa cheyadaaniki lm yokka konni vyavasthalanu saktini tagginchadam praarambhinchaaru. vaari prarambha vidhaanaalanu puurti chesina taruvaata, eee janta chandruni uparitalampai vaari moodu rojula basa kosam "orean" nuu aakruteekarinchaaru, vaari antariksha suutlanu tolaginchaaru mariyu takshana landing sait yokka prarambha bhougolika pariseelanalanu teesukunnaru. aaa tarvaata vaaru tama modati bhojanam kosam uparitalampai sthirapaddaaru. bhojanam chesina tarvaata, vaaru nidra kosam cabinnu amarcharu. csm yokka pradhana enginelo panicheyakapovadam valla landing alasyam kaaranamgaa mission scheduello gananeeyamaina maarpulu avasaram ayyayi. tadupari samasyalu talettite sibbandiki taginanta maarjinlanu andinchadaaniki uparitala anveshana puurtayina tarvaata apolo 16 chandra kakshyalo oka roeju takkuva gaduputundi. young mariyu duke yokka nidra samayanni meruguparachadaaniki, mission yokka moodava mariyu chivari moonvaaknu edu gantala nundi aiduku tagginchaaru.
modati moonwalk.
april 21naa melkonna taruvaata, yuva mariyu duke alpaharam tinnaru mariyu modati extravehicular activity (eevaa) ledhaa moonwalk kosam sannahalu praarambhinchaaru. eee janta tama space suutlanu dharinchi, ottidi chesi, chandra module cabinnu ottidi chesina taruvaata, yuvakulu nicchena paina unna oka chinna vedika ayina lm yokka "vaakili" paiki ekkaaru. duke aaa uparitalampai paaraveyadaaniki chettatho nindina jetison sanchini yuvakudiki icchaadu. yuvakudini appudu eevaa samayamlo upayoginchadaaniki parikaraalanu kaligi unna parikaraala badilee sanchini (itibi) uparitalaaniki dinchaadu. yang nicchena digi, chandruni uparitalampai adugu pettina taruvaata, chandrunipai nadichina tommidava manavudu ayyadu. uparitalampai adugu pettina taruvaata, young akkada undatam gurinchi thana bhavalanu vyaktam chesadu "akkada meeru unnaru marmamaina mariyu teliyani descartes. ettaina maidaanaalu. apolo 16 mea imejni marchabotondi. vaaru oll 'brer kundelunu ikkada, athanu chendina brier pyaach loe tirigi pondinanduku neenu khachitamgaa santoshistunnanu."duke ventane nicchena digi, uparitalampai yuvakulatho kalisi, chandrunipai nadichina padava vyakti ayyadu. duke appudu 36 samvatsaraala vayassu; chandruni uparitalampai ennadoo yea yuva manavudu nadavaledu. duke thana utsahanni vyaktam chestu, capcom anthony inglandto ilaa annadu "adbhutamainadi! oh, chandruni uparitalampai aaa modati adugu suupar, toney!"chandrunipai tirige vahanam, athi atineelalohita camera/spectrograph mariyu itara parikaraalanu dinchadam eee janta yokka moonwalk yokka modati pani. idhi etuvanti samasyalu lekunda jarigindi. modata chandra rovernu naduputunnappudu, venuka steering panicheyadam ledani young kanugonnadu. television cameranu erpaatu cheyadaaniki mundu athanu mission niyantrananu samasya gurinchi apramattam chesaadu, aaa taruvaata duke united states jendaanu erpaatu chesaadu. chandra uparitala karyakalapala samayamlo, commander young ellappuduu rovernu nadipevaaru, ayithe chandra module pilate duke naavigeshanku sahayam chesaadu; idhi apolo yokka zhe missionla antataa sthiramgaa upayoginche baadhyatala vibhagam.
aaa roeju tadupari pani alep nuu moharinchadam; vaaru tv cameranu amarchina chandra rovernu niluputunnappudu, vistarananu gamaninchadaaniki, venuka steering panicheyadam praarambhinchindi. alasep moharinchina taruvaata, vaaru sameepamlo namuunaalanu sekarinchaaru. eevaa-1 praarambhamaina naalugu gantala taruvaata, vaaru chandra rovernu amarcharu mariyu modati bhoogarbha stop, plum bilam, flag bilam anchuna unna bilam, dheeniki addamgaa nadicharu. akkada, lm nundi kontha dhooramlo, vaaru sameepamloni padaarthaanni namoonaga teesukunnaru, idhi eguva regolith pora dwara antarleena kylie erpadataaniki chochukupoyindani saastravettalu vishwasinchaaru. mission niyantrana abhyardhana meraku duke tirigi pondinadi akkade, apolo mission dwara tirigi vacchina atipedda raathi, mission geology principle investigator vilium aarr. muelberger. aaa roeju tadupari stop buster bilam, pedda spook bilaniki uttaraana unna oka chinna bilam, lm nundi. akkada, duke raathi parvatam mariyu dakshina kirana bilam yokka chitraalanu teesaadu, yuvakulanu lpmnu moharinchaaru. eee samayaniki, iddaru vyomagaamulu inca etuvanti agniparvata padaarthaanni kanugonalekapoyinanduna, descartes puraatana agniparvata karyakalapala amarika anie saastravettalu tama mission mundu parikalpananu punahpariseelinchadam praarambhinchaaru. buster vadda aagina taruvaata, young chandra rover yokka "grand prix" pradarsana drive chesadu, dheenini duke 16 mimi movie cameratho chithreekarinchaadu. idhi apolo 15 loe prayatninchabadindi, conny camera panicheyakapovadam valla. alsep vadda marinni panulanu puurti chesina taruvaata, vaaru moonvaaknu muusivaeyadaaniki lmku tirigi vacchaaru. vaaru eevaa praarambhamaina 7 gantalu, 6 nimishalu mariyu 56 sekanla tarvaata lm loki tirigi pravesinchaaru. lopaliki pravesinchina tarvaata, vaaru lm cabinpy ottidi tecchaaru, mission controllo unna saastravettalato araganta debriefing chesaaru mariyu nidra kaalaaniki cabinnu configure chesaaru.
rendava moonwalk.
pranaalika kante moodunnara nimishala mundu melkonna vaaru, hustontho roeju sanghatanala kalakramam gurinchi charchinchaaru. rendava chandra paryatana yokka praadhamika lakshyam raathi parvataanni sandarsinchi, sumaru 20 degreela vaalunu adhirohinchi, "sinco craters" anie piluvabade aidu craterla samuuhaanni cherukovadam. vaaru lrv loe akkadiki velli, lm nundi prayaaninchaaru. loya antastu paina, eee janta edainaa apolo mission kante atyadhika ettulo undhi. duke "adbhutamainadi" gaa abhivarninchina raathi parvatam vaipu nundi (dakshina kiranamtho sahaa) drushyaanni chuusi vaaru aascharyapoyaaru, taruvaata sameepamlo namuunaalanu sekarinchaaru. vaalupai 54 nimishalu gadipina taruvaata, vaaru roeju rendava stapku velle maargamlo chandra roverpy ekkaaru, station 5 anie piluvabade, dheeniki addamgaa oka bilam undhi. akkada, landing saitku dakshinaana unna pedda bilam ayina south rae bilam nundi ejecta dwara kalushitankaani descartes padaarthaanni kanugonaalani vaaru aasinchaaru. vaaru akkada sekarinchina namuunaalu, ippatikee anischita muulam unnappatikee, bhuuvignaana shaastravetta wilhelms prakaram, "descartesga undataaniki sahetukamaina pandem".
tadupari stop, station 6, oka block bilam, akkada vyomagaamulu akkada kanipinche drudamaina matti dwara rujuvu cheyabadinatlugaa vaaru keyli nirmaanaanni namuunaa cheyagalarani vishwasinchaaru. samayam aadaa cheyadaaniki station edoni daatavesi, vaaru raathi parvatam diguva bhaagamlo unna station 8kii cherukunnaru, akkada vaaru dakshina kirana bilam nundi oka kiranampai padaarthaanni sumaru oka ganta paatu namoonaga teesukunnaru. akkada, vaaru nalupu mariyu telupu bressias mariyu plagioclase samruddhiga unna chinna, spatikaakaara raallanu sekarinchaaru. dakshina kiranaala nundi ejecta laenidani nammutunna "khaalii sthalam" anie piluvabade station 9 vadda, vaaru namuunaalanu sekarinchadaaniki sumaru 40 nimishalu gadiparu. khaalii sthalaanni vidichipettina iravai aidu nimishala taruvaata, vaaru roeju chivari stapku cherukunnaru, alsep sait mariyu lm madhya sagam dhooramlo unnaaru. akkada, vaaru oka double core tavvaaru mariyu alsepku thoorpuna vistarinchi unna rekha venta aneka penetrometer pareekshalanu nirvahinchaaru. young mariyu duke abhyardhana meraku, moonvaaknu padhi nimishalu podiginchaaru. rendava chandra vihaarayaatranu muginchadaaniki lmku tirigi vacchina taruvaata, vaaru landing craft cabin lopaliki tirigi ekkaaru, 7 gantalu, 23 nimishalu mariyu 26 sekanla iva samayam tarvaata lopali bhaganni moosivesi, ottidi chesi, apolo 15loe nelakolpina rikaardunu baddalu kottaru. bhojanam chesi, mission niyanthranatho roeju karyakalapalapai vivaranhatho munduku saagina taruvaata, vaaru lm cabinnu tirigi configure chesi, nidra kaalaaniki siddham chesaaru.
moodava moonwalk.
vimaanamlo edava roeju chandruni uparitalampai vaari moodava mariyu chivari roeju, roeju moonwalk taruvaata csmlo tirigi chaeradaaniki kakshyaku tirigi vachindi. moodava mariyu chivari chandra paryatana samayamlo, vaaru uttara kirana bilaanni anveshinchaalsi undhi, idhi yea apolo yaatra sandarsinchina gadulalo atipeddadi. orean" nundi nishkraminchina taruvaata, eee janta uttara kirana bilam vaipu nadicharu. munupati roeju kante drive sunnitamgaa undhi, endukante craterlu lothugaa unnaayi mariyu takshana landing saitku uttaraana bandaraallu takkuvagaa unnaayi. pametto bilaanni daatina taruvaata, chandra roverlo uttara kiranaaniki cherukunnappudu bandaraallu kramamga peddavigaa mariyu samruddhiga marai. uttara kirana bilam anchuku cherukunna taruvaata, vaaru lm nundi dhooramgaa unnaaru. vaaru vacchina taruvaata, vaariddaruu vedalpaina mariyu lothaina bilam yokka chaayaachitraalanu teesaaru. vaaru naalugu antastula bhavanam kante podavaina pedda bandanu sandarsinchaaru, idhi 'house rock' gaa prasiddhi chendindi. eee banda nundi pondina namuunaalu missionku mundu agniparvata parikalpanaku tudi debbanu andinchaayi, idhi tappu anie rujuvu chesindi. house rock aneka bullet randhram vanti gurtulanu kaligi undhi, ikkada antariksham nundi micrometeoroids raaknu prabhaavitam chesaayi.
uttara kirana bilam vaddaku cherukunna sumaru 1 ganta 22 nimishala taruvaata, vaaru uttara kiranaaniki chendina pedda bandaralla kshetram ayina station 13kii bayaludaeraaru. daarilo, vaaru chandra vaega rikaardunu nelakolpaaru, anchanaa vesina diguva konda vadda prayaaninchaaru. vaaru "needa raathi" anie piliche ettaina banda vaddaku cherukunnaru. ikkada, vaaru saasvatamgaa needalo unna mattini namoonaga teesukunnaru. eee samayamlo, sumaru aaru gantala taruvaata vaaru tirigi vastaarani oohinchi mattingly csmnu siddham chestunnaru. moodu gantala aaru nimishala taruvaata, vaaru lmku tirigi vacchaaru, akkada vaaru aneka prayogaalu puurti chesi rovernu dimpaaru. lm nundi koddi dhooramlo, duke thana kutumbam yokka chaayaachitraanni mariyu vaimanika dhala smaaraka patakaanni uparitalampai unchaadu. young rovernu lmku thoorpuna unna oka pradaesaaniki nadipinchaadu, dheenini 'vip sait' anie pilustaaru, kabatti mission controll dwara remotga niyantrinchabade daani television camera, chandruni nundi apolo 16 yokka liftoffnu gamaninchagaladu. vaaru 5 gantala 40 nimishala chivari paryatana tarvaata elmloki tirigi pravesinchaaru. lm cabinpy ottidi tecchina taruvaata, sibbandi chandra kakshyaku tirigi raavadaaniki siddhamavutunnaaru.
ontari karyakalapalu.
landing prayatnam kosam "orean" nuu clear chesina taruvaata, "cosper" dhooramgaa yuktigaa, mariyu athani shaastreeya paniki sannahakamgaa athani antariksha noukanu kakshyaku teesukellina oka kaalina gayanni pradarsinchaadu. sm daani sim baeloe shaastreeya parikaraala suutnu mosukellindi, apolo 15 loe mosukellina vaati maadirigaane. mattingly vividha sim bay parikaraalanu nirvahinche bijeegaa unna schedulenu sankalanam chesindi, houseton apolo 16 nuu oka roeju mundugaane intiki teesukuraavaalani nirnayinchukunna tarvaata, vimaana directorlu kolpoyina samayanni bharti cheyadaaniki prayatninchinappudu idhi marinta raddiigaa maarindi.
vividha vaiphalyala kaaranamgaa athani paniki aatamkam erpadindihi vistruta cameranu aann chesinappudu, adhi csm yokka vidyut vyavasthalalo okadaani nundi chaalaa saktini teesukunnatlu anipinchindi, adhi antariksha nauka master alaaramnu praarambhinchindi. idhi ventane moosiveyabadindi, ayithe taruvaata vislaeshanhaloo kaaluva antariksha nauka yokka heaterla nundi vacchi undavacchani suuchimchimdi, idhi adhe samayamlo vachindi. cosper yokka kakshya shaastreeya pani praarambhamlo jaapyam mariyu bhoomiki tirigi ravadam mariyu aneka chaayaachitraalu atigaa bahirgatam kaavadaaniki daariteesina vaiphalyam valla kooda daani pani debbatindi. ayinappatikee, "orean" kanipinche descartes praantam yokka chaayaachitraanni teeyadamlo idhi vijayavantamaindi. maas spectrometer boom daani prarambha podigimpu taruvaata puurtigaa upasamharinchukoledu, apolo 15 loe jariginatlugaa, ayithe lm daani chandrunipai dige prayatnaanni praarambhinchadaaniki mundu "cosper" "orean" nundi dhooramgaa yuktigaa vellinappudu ess. pii. ess injinnu surakshitamgaa kaalchadaaniki anumatinchenta dhooram venakki taggindi. maas spectrometer samarthavantamgaa panichesinappatiki, idhi samavesaniki mundu mantaku mundu daani puurtigaa moharinchina sthaanaaniki daggaragaa undipoyindi, mariyu daanini tolaginchaalsi vachindi. saastravettalu bhoomi-daati teeramlo pondina chandra daetaanu marintagaa bharti cheyaalani aasinchaaru, conny daaniki badulugaa apolo 15 daetaanu upayoginchavacchu. mapping camera kooda sarigga panicheyaledu; taruvaata vislaeshanhaloo daani merupu kavachamlo samasyalu unnayani kanugonnaru. vimaana pranaalikaloo maarpulu antey chandruni uparitalamloni konni praantaalanu chaayaachitraalu teeyalekapovadam; alaage, aneka chitraalu atigaa bahirgatamayyaayi. antariksha nauka ettunu khachitamgaa kolavadaniki roopondinchina lazer altimeter, shakti taggadam valla nemmadigaa khachitatvanni kolpoyindi, chivaraku chivarisariga upayoginchakamunde viphalamaindi.
tirigi bhoomiki.
chandruni uparitalam nundi pranaalikaabaddhamaina nishkramanaku enimidi nimishala mundu, capcom james irvin mission controll nundi young mariyu dukelaku vaaru liftoff kosam veltunnaarani teliyajesaaru. prayogaaniki rendu nimishala mundu, vaaru "master arm" switchnu, aapai "abart stage" batannu sakriyam chesaaru, deenivalla chinna paeludu chaarjeelu avarohana dasha nundi aarohana dasanu vaeru chestaayi, gillitine lanty yantraangam dwara rendu vaeru cheyabadina cables thoo. mundugaa programme chesina samayamlo, eguraveyabadindi mariyu ekki dasha chandruni nundi dhooramgaa pelipoyindi, endukante lrv looni camera vimanam yokka modati kshanaalanu anusarinchindi. eguravesina aaru nimishala taruvaata, sumaru vegamtho, yuva mariyu duke chandra kakshyaku cherukunnaru. yuva mariyu duke vijayavantamgaa kalusukunnaru mariyu csmlo mattinglytho tirigi dock chesaaru. lm cabin nundi chandruni dummu csm loki badileeni tagginchadaaniki, young mariyu duke rendu antariksha noukalanu vaeru chese hatchnu teriche mundu cabinnu subhram chesaaru. hatchnu terichi, mattinglytho tirigi kalisina taruvaata, sibbandi yuvakula namuunaalanu mariyu duke uparitalampai sekarinchina namuunaalanu bhoomiki badilee cheyadaaniki csmloki badilee chesaaru. badileelu puurtayina taruvaata, marusati roeju khaalii chandra module aarohana dasanu tolaginche mundu sibbandi nidrapotaru, appudu adhi chinna mariyu duke uparitalampai vadilipettina bhookampamaapakaanni kolavadaniki uddeshapoorvakamgaa chandra uparitalampai koolipoyindi.
marusati roeju, tudi tanikheelu puurtayina taruvaata, kharchu chesina lm aarohana dasha tolaginchabadindi. bahusha lmlo oka nirdishta switchnu moosivese mundu daanini sakriyam cheyadamlo sibbandi viphalamainanduna, adhi vaeru ayina tarvaata padipoyindi. nassa daanini niyantrinchalekapoyindi, mariyu craft yokka uddesapurvaka dii-arbit kosam avasaramaina rockett burn nuu amalu cheyaledu. aarohana dasha chivariki mission tarvaata daadaapu oka samvatsaram taruvaata chandruni uparitalampai koolipoyindi. chandra module aarohana dasanu vidichipettina taruvaata sibbandi tadupari pani, csm yokka shaastreeya parikaram bay nundi chandra kakshyaloki upa upagrahanni vidudala cheyadam. upa upagraham kosam kaavalasina vidhamgaa csm kaksyanu maarchadaaniki manta raddu cheyabadindi; phalitamgaa, upa upagraham kakshyalo kevalam oka nela kante ekkuva kaalam konasaagindi, idhi oohinchina oka samvatsaram kante chaalaa takkuva. upashaiah vidudala ayina aidu gantala lopu, chandruni chuttoo csm yokka 65va kakshyalo, daani servies propulsion system pradhana injin craftnu bhoomiki tirigi vachhe pathamlo nadipinchadaaniki punaruddharinchabadindi. chaalaa rojula kritam landing alasyam chesina vaiphalyam unnappatikee ess. pii. ess injin dosharahitamgaa mantanu pradarsinchindi.
bhoomiki tirigi vachinappudu, command module yokka hatchlo unna duke sahayamtho sim beloni kemerala nundi film cassetlanu tirigi pondadaaniki 83 nimishala eevaa pradarsananu chesaadu. bhoomi nundi sumaruga, idhi charitralo rendava "lothaina antariksham" eevaa, idhi yea graha vastuvu nundi chaalaa dhooramlo pradarsinchabadindi. , idhi atuvanti moodu ivaalalo okatigaa migilipoyindi, annee apolo yokka zhe-missionla samayamlo ilanti paristhitulalo pradarsinchabaddaayi. eevaa samayamlo, antariksha vaataavaranaaniki suukshmajeevula pratispandananu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki, apolo 16kii pratyaekamaina suukshmajeevula paryaavarana muulyaankana parikaram (meed) anae jeevasastra prayogaanni mattingly erpaatu chesaaru. sibbandi antariksha nowkaloo vividha house keeping mariyu nirvahana panulanu nirvahinchaaru mariyu rojunu muginche mundu bhojanam chesaaru.
roeju rendava bhaagamlo iravai nimishala vilekarula samavesamto paatu, vimaanamlo chivari roeju ekkuvagaa prayogaalu chestu gadiparu. vilekarula samavesamlo, vyomagaamulu houstonloni manushulatho kuudina antariksha nauka kendramlo vimananni cover chese paatrikeyulu praadhaanyata prakaram siddham chesi jabita chesina mission yokka aneka saanketika mariyu sanketikam kaani amsaalaku sambandhinchina prasnalaku samaadhaanamichaaru. aneka house keeping panulatho paatu, vyomagaamulu marusati roeju daani vaataavarana punahpravesam kosam antariksha noukanu siddham chesaaru. antarikshamlo sibbandi chivari puurti roeju mugimpulo, antariksha nauka sumaru bhoomi nundi sumaruga sumaruga daggaragaa undhi.
antarikshamlo vaari chivari roeju kosam sibbandiki capcom ingland melkolupu coll jaarii chesinappudu, csm bhoomi nundi, sarigga prayaanistuu undhi. pasiphik mahasamudramlo splashdownku kevalam moodu gantala mundu, sibbandi tama vegaanni marchukovadaniki antariksha nauka yokka thrusterlanu upayoginchi tudi course diddubaatu dahanam chesaaru. bhoomi yokka vaataavaranamloki tirigi pravesinchadaaniki sumaru padhi nimishala mundu, mugguru sibbandini kaligi unna cone aakarapu command module servies module nundi vaeru cheyabadindi, idhi tirigi pravesinchetappudu kaalipotundi. mission praarambhamaina 265 gantala 37 nimishala samayamlo, sumaru vegamtho, apolo 16 vaataavaranamloo tirigi pravesinchadam praarambhinchindi. daani garishta sthaayilo, ushna kavacham yokka ushnograta madhyalo undedi. vijayavantamaina parachute vistarana taruvaata mariyu tirigi pravesam praarambhinchina 14 nimishala kante takkuva samayamlo, command module kiritimati dveepaaniki aagneyamgaa pasiphik mahasamudramlo 265 gantala, 51 nimishala, 5 sekanla taruvaata eguravesindi. antariksha nauka mariyu daani sibbandini vimaana vaahaka nauka tirigi pondindi. splash down ayina 37 nimishala tarvaata vyomagaamulu surakshitamgaa tikonderogalo unnaaru.
shaastreeya phalitaalu mariyu parinaamaalu.
bhoomiki tirigi teesukuvacchina raalla shaastreeya vislaeshanha, keyli nirmaanam agniparvata swabhaavam kaadani dhruveekarinchindi. descartes nirmaanam gurinchi takkuva khachitatvam undhi, endukante akkada nundi evaina raallu vachayo ledho spashtamgaa teliyadu. raathi parvatam agniparvatam anie choopinche aadharalu laevu. descartesnu enchukoovadaaniki oka kaaranam emitante, idhi munupati apolo landing saitla nundi drushyaparamgaa bhinnamgaa undhi, conny akkadi nundi raallu fra mouro nirmaanam, apolo 14 yokka landing sait nundi daggari sambandham kaligi unnayani niroopinchabadindi. bhoogarbha saastravettalu kylie agniparvatam anie chaalaa khachitamgaa unnaarani grahinchaaru, vaaru asammati abhipraayaalaku siddhamgaa laerani, mariyu vaaru bhoomi nundi vacchina saaruupyatalapai atigaa aadhaarapadataarani grahinchaaru, idhi oka doshapurita namuunaa endukante chandrudu bhoomi yokka bhoogarbha charitranu ekkuvagaa panchukodu. chandrunipai agniparvata parvataalu chaalaa takkuva unnayani vaaru nirdhaarinchaaru. chandra kakshya konam nundi choosthe, descartes erpadatamlo vilakshanamainadi aemee ledani-idhi gurrapu gurram yokka antarbhaaga nirmaanaaniki sarigga saripotundani chusina thana pariseelanalalo durbhinini upayoginchina modati cmp ayina mattingly nundi pariseelanalu dwara eee teermaanaalu teliyajeyabaddaayi. apolo 16 nundi pondina itara phalitaalalo bhoomi chuttoo rendu kotta aroral beltla aavishkarana kooda undhi.
mission taruvaata, young mariyu duke apolo 17 kosam byakapluga panicheesaaru, mariyu duke december 1975loe nassa nundi padavee viramana chesaaru. young mariyu mattingly iddaroo space shatilnu eguravesaru 1974 nundi 1987 varaku pradhana vyomagaamigaa panichesina young, modati space shuttle missionku naayakatvam vahinchaadu, 1981loe ess tii ess-1, alaage 1983loe ess tii ess-9, taruvaati missionloo aarusaarlu antarikshamloki prayaaninchina modati vyakti ayyadu. athanu 2004loe nassa nundi padavee viramana chesaadu. 1985loe nassa nundi padavee viramana cheyadaaniki mundu rendusaarlu ess tii ess-4 (1982) mariyu ess tii ess-51 sii (1985) shuttle missionlaku kooda naayakatvam vahinchaadu.
antariksha nauka mariyu itara parikaraala sthaanaalu.
tikonderoga" apolo 16 command maadyuulnu californialoni shaan diago sameepamloni uttara dveepa naukaadala vaimanika sthaavaraaniki 1972 mae 5 sukravaaram naadu pampinhee chesindi. somavaaram, mae 8naa, command module tankullo avashesha vishapuurita praticharya niyantrana vyavastha indhanaanni khaalii cheyadaaniki upayoginchabadutunna ground servies parikaraalu navika vaimanika sthaavaram hangerlo pelindi. nalabhai aaru mandini 24 nundi 48 gantala pariseelana kosam aasupatriki pampaaru, chaalaa mandhi vishapuurita pogala peelchadamtho baadhapaddaaru. oka saanketika nipunudu oka bandi atanipaiki doosukelladamtho mokali mukku virigipoyi teevramgaa gayapaddadu. 250 adugula ettulo unna hanger paikappulo oka randhram oogipoyindi; hangerloni sumaru 40 kitikeelu virigipoyaayi. command module oka panello moodu angulaala gyaashnu edurkondi.
apolo 16 command module "cosper" yuu vadda pradarsinchabadutundi.ess. 1973 navambarulo nassa nundi smithsonianku yajamanyam badilee ayina taruvaata alabaamaaloni huntsvilleloni antariksha mariyu rockett kendram. chandra module aarohana dasha april 24,1972naa csm nundi vaeru cheyabadindi, conny nassa daanipai niyantrana kolpoyindi. idhi sumaru oka samvatsaram paatu chandruni chuttoo paribhraminchindi. daani prabhavam unna pradaesam teliyadu, ayinappatikee 2023loe prachurinchabadina parisoedhana prabhavam thedhee mae 29,1972 (sub satellite maadirigaane) mariyu prabhavam unna pradaesam 9,99 ° n, 104.26 ° e anie suuchistumdi.
ess-ivb uddeshapoorvakamgaa chandrudipaiki doosukellindi. ayithe, prabhaavaaniki mundu communication vaiphalyam kaaranamgaa khachitamaina sthaanam janavari 2016 varaku teliyadu, idhi copernicus bilaniki nairuti disalo unna chandra nigha kakshya dwara gurrapu dveepamlo kanugonabadindi.
duke chandrunipai rendu vastuvulanu vadili vellaadu, rendintinee athanu akkada unnappudu photo teesaadu. okati athani kutumbam yokka plaastik-encounter photo chitram. photo yokka venuka bhaagamlo duke kutumbam santakam chesi, eee sandesaanni kaligi undih "idhi bhoomi grahaniki chendina vyomagaami duke kutumbam. 1972 april loe chandrunipai digindi. "maroka vastuvu 1972 loe daani 25 va vaarshikotsavaanni jarupukuntunna united states vaimanika dalam jaarii chesina smaaraka patakam. athanu rendu patakaalu teesukunnadu, okadaanni chandrunipai vadili, marokadaanni ohiyoloni rait-patterson vaimanika dhala sthaavaramlo united states vaimanika dalam yokka jaateeya museumku viraalamgaa icchaadu.
2006loe, ernesto tuphaanu valla snanam prabhaavitamaina koddikaalaanike, uttara carolina, padakondu yella kevin shanz thana beach inti sameepamlo neelapai lohapu sidhilaala mukkanu kanugonnadu. shanzhe mariyu oka snehitudu chadunaina lohapu palakapai oka "stamp" nuu kanugonnaru, tadupari tanikheelo idhi apolo 16 mission chihnam yokka masakabaarina kaapeega telindi. apolo 16 nuu antarikshamloki prayoginchina shani yokka modati dasalo oka bhaagam anie nassa taruvaata dhruveekarinchindi. 2011 joolailo, nassa abhyardhana meraku sidhilaala mukkanu tirigi icchina taruvaata, 16 yella shanjeku antariksha nauka karyakramam yokka chivari mission ayina ss-135 prayogam kosam kennedy antariksha kendram mariyu vip seating yokka anni-access paryatana ivvabadindi.

