
asea mainer meeda abbasid dandayaatra (806)

806 asea mainer dandayaatra byzantine saamraajyaaniki vyatiraekamgaa abbasid khalifa praarambhinchina sudeergha shreni sainika karyakalapalalo atipeddadi. eee dandayaatra aagneya mariyu madhya asea mainarlo jarigindi, ikkada rendu rashtraalu sudeergha bhuu sarihaddunu panchukunnayi.
simhaasanaaniki vacchina taruvaata, byzantine chakravarthy nickepheros I () khalifato thana puurveekulu angeekarinchina kappam chellinchadam manesi, abbasid sarihaddu praantaalapai daadulu praarambhinchaadu. abbashid khalifa, haroon all-rasheed (), tananu taanu zihad vijaetagaa pracharam chesukovadaniki prayatninchaadu, byzantinelanu shikshinche lakshyamtho mariyu vaari chakravartipai abbasid prabhavanni choopinche lakshyamtho vyaktigatamgaa prateekaara daadiki naayakatvam vahinchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu.
uttara syrialoni rakka vadda haroon thana sainyanni sameekarinchaadu. madhyayuga charitrakaarulu 135,000 ledhaa 300,000 mandhi purushula sankhyanu namodu chesaaru. ivi spashtamgaa atisayokti ayinappatikee, dandayaatra kosam sameekarinchina abbasid dalam intaku mundu chusina daanikante chaalaa peddadani spashtamavutundi. abbasid sainyam 11 juun 806naa rakka nundi bayaluderi, silicia teerapraantaanni mariyu vrushabham parvataalanu daati, byzantine provins ayina kappadosiapai daadi chesindi. abbasidlu etuvanti vyatiraekatanu edurkoledu mariyu ishtanusaram daadi chesi, aneka pattanaalu mariyu kotalanu swaadheenam chesukunnaru. arab charitralalo heraclia nagaranni muttadinchadam, padipovadam, swaadheenam chesukovadam jarupukuntaaru; taruvaata rakka sameepamlo khalifa nirminchina vijaya smaaraka chihnaniki dheeni paeru pettaru. byzantine nashtalu nickephoros shanti nibandhanalanu koradaniki balavantam chesaayi, dheenilo athanu abbasidla upasamharanaku badulugaa kappam chellimpulanu tirigi praarambhinchaadu. ayithe, esaari haroon chakravarthy mariyu athani kumarudu mariyu varasudu stourachiospy adanapu vyaktigata pannunu vidhinchaadu, vaaru khalifaku longipovadaaniki chihnamgaa.
haroon vellipoyina ventane, nickephoros tolaginchina sarihaddu kotalanu punaruddharinchadam dwara mariyu kappam chellimpulanu nilipiveyadam dwara shanti nibandhanalanu ullanghinchaadu. edemaina, khurasanlo tirugubaatuto haroon nimagnamai undatam, moodu samvatsaraala taruvaata athani maranam, 806 maadirigaane prateekaara charyanu nirodhinchaayi. rendu vaipula chinna-sthaayi daadulu konasagayi, conny 809 taruvaata praarambhamaina abbasid antaryuddham, mariyu balgarlatho byzantine nimagnamai undatam tadupari rendu dasaabdaala paatu pedda ettuna arab-byzantine sangharshananu nilipiveyadaaniki dohadapadindi.
nepathyam.
october 802loe ethensku chendina byzantine saamraagni irene nii tolaginchadam mariyu aame sthaanamlo modati nickephorosnu cherchukovadam arab-byzantine yuddhaala sudeergha charitralo marinta himsaatmaka dasaku naandi palikindi. abbasid khalifa byzantine asea minerpy varusa vidhvamsaka vaarshika daadula taruvaata, irene vaarshika kappam chellimpuku badulugaa 798loe khaleef haroon all-rasheedto oppandam kudurchukunnatlu spashtamgaa telustondi, 782loe asea mainarloki haroon modati pedda ettuna dandayaatra tarvaata moodu samvatsaraala sandhi kosam angeekarinchina nibandhanalanu punaraavrutam chesindi. marovaipu, nickephoros marinta yuddhaaniki palpaddadu-oka syriac muulam nickephoros pattabhishekam gurinchi telusukunnappudu, oka byzantine tirugubaatuvaadu eguva mesopotamia abbasid governornu "thana pattunu visiri thana kavachanni dharinchamani" heccharinchaadu. adanamgaa, kotta chakravarthy itara charyalatho paatu, kappam nilipiveyadam dwara khazana tirigi nimpaalani nischayinchukunnaadu.
kappam nilipiveyadam mariyu aireento mugisina shanti oppanda ullanghanaku prateekaaramgaa, haaroon 803 vasantakaalamlo thana kumarudu all-khasim aadhvaryamlo daadi praarambhinchaadu. nickepheros dheeniki pratispandinchalekapoyadu, endukante athanu asea mainer yokka byzantine sainyam yokka pedda ettuna tirugubaatunu edurkonnadu, daani commander-inn-cheef, bardance tourcose aadhvaryamlo. bardenlanu paaravesina taruvaata, nickephoros thana sainyanni sameekarinchi, vyaktigatamgaa khalifa aadhvaryamlo rendava, pedda dandayaatranu edurkovadaniki bayaludaeraadu. haroon sarihaddu praantampai daadi chesina taruvaata, rendu sainyalu madhya asea mainarlo rendu nelala paatu okadaanikokati edurkonnaayi, conny adhi yuddhaaniki raledu chakravarthy upasamharana mariyu migilina samvatsaraaniki sandhi kosam erpaatu chese varaku, nickephoros mariyu haroon lekhalanu marpidi chesukunnaru.
marusati samvatsaram, 804loe, ibraheem ibn gibril aadhvaryamlo oka abbasid sainyam vrushabham parvataalanu daati asea mainarloki pravesinchindi. nickephoros arabbulanu edurkovadaniki bayaludaeraadu, conny crossos yuddhamlo aascharyapoyaadu mariyu bhaareega odipoyaadu, akkada athanu thana praanaalatoe tappinchukunnadu. khurasan loe ibbandulatoe nimagnamai, dheeni governor allie ibn isaa ibn mahan sthaanika nivaasula vyatiraekatanu rekettinchaadu, haroon marosari kappam sweekarinchi shanti nelakolpaadu. silicialoni lamoslo rendu saamrajyaala sarihaddulo sheethaakaalamlo khaideela marpidi kooda erpaatu cheyabadindi mariyu jarigindih munupati samvatsaraallo bandeelugaa teesukunna byzantinela kosam sumaru 3700 mandhi muslimlu marpidi cheyabaddaaru.
khurasanloni samasyanu edurkovadaniki haroon appudu reyiki bayaludaeraadu, all-khasimnu byzantine sarihaddunu paryaveekshinchadaaniki vadilivesadu. 805 vasantakaalamlo, nickephoros suffsoff, thebasa mariyu ansira pattanaala naasanam cheyabadina godalanu punarnirminchadaaniki avakaasaanni upayoginchukunnadu. adhe samvatsaram vesavilo, athanu silicialoni arab sarihaddu jillaalapai rendu dasaabdaalalo modati byzantine daadini praarambhinchaadu. byzantine sainyam mopsuestia mariyu anazarbus kotala chuttoo unna bhuubhaagampai daadi chesi, adhi velletappudu khaideelanu teesukundi. mopsuestia dalam byzantine dalampai daadi chesi, chaalaa mandhi khaideelanu mariyu dopideelanu tirigi pondindi, conny byzantinelu tarsusku vellaaru, idhi siliciapy muslim pattunu balopetam cheyadaaniki 786loe haroon aadesaala meraku punaruddharinchabadindi mariyu tirigi janasaandrata penchabadindi. nagaram padipoyindi mariyu mottam dalam bandeegaa teesukobadindi.
adhe samayamlo, maroka byzantine dalam eguva mesopotamianpy daadi chesi, melitane kotanu vijayavantamgaa muttadinchindi, ayithe sthaanika arab rakshana dalaaniki vyatiraekamgaa byzantine-prerepita tirugubaatu cypresslo praarambhamaindi, idhi oka sataabdaaniki paiga arab-byzantine candominiumga undedi.
mukhyamgaa nickephoros vachhe samvatsaraaniki ilanti daadulaku pranaalika vestunnatlu nivedikalu andadamtho, eee saari eee sarihaddu bhuubhaagaalanu puurtigaa tirigi akraminchadaanni lakshyamgaa chesukuni, byzantine daadi karyakalapalanu akasmaattugaa tirigi praarambhinchadam haarannu chaalaa bhayapettindi. charitrakaarudu warren treadgold vrasinatluga, eee prayatnamlo byzantinelu vijayavantamaite, "tarrus mariyu meliteenlanu rakshinche dalaalu vrushabham antataa byzantine hridaya bhuubhaagamlooki pradhana arab dandayaatra maargaalanu paakshikamgaa addukunevi, byzantinela goppa prayojanam kosam". marovaipu, purushulu mariyu vanarulalo khalifa yokka bhaarii aadhipatyam gurinchi nickephorosku khachitamgaa telusu, mariyu athanu eee dandayaatranu kevalam balam yokka pradarsanagaa mariyu thana satruvu yokka sankalpaaniki pareekshagaa uddesinchi unde avakaasam undhi.
pracharam.
khurasanlo ibn mahan thana governorga unnatlu nirdhaarinchadam dwara vishayalanu parishkarinchukunna haroon, november 805loe paschimaaniki tirigi vacchi, siriya, paalastiinaa, pertia, eejiptu nundi purushulanu teesukuvastuu 806 varaku bhaarii prateekaara dandayaatranu siddham chesaadu. all-tabari prakaram, athani sainyam 135,000 mandhi saadhaarana dalaalu mariyu adanapu volunteerlu mariyu freebooterla sankhya kaligi undhi. eee sankhyalu mottam abbasid yugamlo ippativaraku namodu cheyabadina atipeddavi, mariyu mottam byzantine sainyam yokka anchanaa balam kante sagam ekkuva. avi-mariyu 300,000 mandhi purushulanu oppinche byzantine charitrakaarudu theophanes yokka marinta adbhutamaina vaadanalu-khachitamgaa atisayokti ayinappatikee, avi abbasid shakti parimaanaanni suuchistaayi. adhe samayamlo, athani admiral humay ibn maiyuf all-hazuri aadhvaryamlo oka naukaadala dalam cyprus paie daadi cheyadaaniki siddhamgaa undhi.
bhaarii dandayaatra sainyam 11 juun 806naa uttara syrialoni haroon nivaasamaina rakka nundi khalifa netrutvamlo bayaluderindi. vishwaasam mariyu yaatrikula kosam yodhudu" (arabic bhaashalo, ",") anae saasanamto haaroon topi dharinchaadani all-tabari nivedinchindi ". abbasidlu silicianu daati, akkada haaroon tarsusnu punarnirminchaalani aadesinchi, silician dwaaraala dwara byzantine kappadosialo pravesinchaaru. aaa samayamlo vidichipettabadinatlugaa kanipinche tayanaku haroon kavaatu chesaadu. akkada, athanu thana karyakalapala sthaavaraanni sthaapinchadam praarambhinchaadu, pattanaanni punaruddharinchadaaniki mariyu maseedunu nirminchadaaniki uqba ibn jaffar all-khujaini aadesinchaadu.
haroon leftinent abdullah ibn malik all-khujai sideropalosnu swaadheenam chesukunnadu. akkada nundi, haroon bandhuvu davood ibn isaa ibn moosa sagam abbasid sainyamtho-all-tabari prakaram sumaru 70,000 mandhi purushulatho central kappadosiyanu dochukovadaniki vellaadu. haroon sainikaadhikaarulalo marokaru, sharhil ibn maan ibn zaida, "slaves koota" () anie pilavabade mariyu iteevala punarnirminchina tebasa pattanaanni swaadheenam chesukunnaru, yazid ibn makhlad "villo koota" () mariyu malakopianu swaadheenam chesukunnaru. andrasos swaadheenam chesukuni, kaijistra muttadilo unchabadindi, ayithe daadi chesevaaru ansira varaku cherukunnaru, daanini vaaru swaadheenam chesukoledu.
haaroon swayamgaa thana dalaalalo migilina sagam manditho kalisi paschimaaniki velli, augustu ledhaa septemberlo oka nela paatu muttadi chesina taruvaata balamaina balavardhakamaina heraclia nagaranni swaadheenam chesukunnadu. nagaram dochukoni dhvamsam cheyabadindi, daani nivaasulanu banisaluga chesi khalifaku bahishkarinchaaru. heraclia patanaanni arab charitrakaarulu byzantinelaku vyatiraekamgaa haroon dandayaatralalo atyanta mukhyamaina vijayamgaa bhaavinchaaru, mariyu nickephorosku vyatiraekamgaa haroon yokka prateekaara dandayaatra yokka kathanaalalo idhi pradhana sanghatana. charitrakaarudu marius connard vyakhyaaninchinatlugaa, "arabbulaku heracleanu swaadheenam chesukovadam 838loe amorium sanchula vale teevra prabhavanni choopindi", idhi nagaram yokka vaastava praamukhyataku puurtigaa viruddhamgaa undhi. vaastavaaniki, haroon yokka 806 dandayaatra samayamlo swaadheenam chesukunna itara kotalatho poliste byzantine muulaalu heraclia pathanaaniki pratyeka praadhaanyata ivvavu.
adhe samayamlo, cyprus meeda, humaid dveepaanni dhvamsam chesi, sthaanika arch bishapto sahaa sumaru 16,000 mandhi cypriyatlanu syriaku bandeelugaa teesukoni, akkada vaarini banisaluga vikrayinchaaru.
thana venuka bhaagamlo unna balgarla sankhyanu adhigaminchi, bedirinchina nickephoros abbasid daadini tattukolekapoyadu. athanu thana sainyaniki adhipatigaa pracharam chesi, vivikta dalaalaku vyatiraekamgaa konni chinna chinna poraataalalo vijayam saadhinchaadu, conny pradhana abbasid dalaalaku dhooramgaa unnadu. chivariki, arabbulu tayaanaaloni byzantine neelapai sheethaakaalam gadipe bhayankaramaina avakaasamtoe, athanu mugguru mataachaaryulanu rayabaarulugaa pampadu maikhel, cinnada bishop, peater, gaulion matham yokka mataadhipati, mariyu gregori, amastris mahanagaram yokka stevard. vaarshika kappam chellinchadaaniki badulugaa haroon saantiki angeekarinchaadu (theophanes prakaram 30,000 bangaaru "nomismata", all-tabari prakaram 50,000), conny chakravarthy mariyu athani kumarudu mariyu varasudu stourachios, khalifaku (tabari samskaranalo varusaga naalugu mariyu rendu) moodu bangaaru naanhela avamaanakaramaina vyaktigata pole-toxes () chellinchaalsi undhi, tadwara tamanu taamu khalifa yokka pourulugaa angeekarinchaaru. adanamgaa, nickephoros koolchiveyabadina kotalanu punarnirminchanani vaagdaanam chesaadu. appudu haroon thana dalaalanu vaari vividha muttadula nundi tirigi pilichi, byzantine bhoobhaganni khaalii chesaadu.
paryavasanalu.
shanti nibandhanala oppandam taruvaata iddaru paalakula madhya snehapoorvaka marpidi jarigindi, dheeniki all-tabari sambandhinchinadih nickephoros haroon nuu oka yuva byzantine mahila kosam, thana kumarudu stourachios kosam abhyardhi vadhuvulalo okarigaa, heraclia padipoyinappudu bandeegaa teesukunnanduku, mariyu kontha sugandha dravyam kosam adigadu. all-tabari prakaram,
50, 000 vendi naanhelu, 100 sattin dustulu, 200 chakkati brocade dustulu, 12 falconlu, naalugu vaeta kukkalu mariyu maroe moodu gurraalato kuudina gurraanni pampadam dwara nickephoros aaa anugrahanni tirigi pondaadu. conny arabbulu upasamharinchukunna ventane, chakravarthy mallee sarihaddu kotalanu punaruddharinchi, aaa taruvaata kappam chellinchadaanni nilipivesaadu. haaroon anukokunda tirigi vacchi prateekaaramgaa thebasanu swaadheenam chesukunnadani theophanes namodu chesadu, conny idhi marekkada dhruvikarinchabadaledu.
marusati samvatsaramlo arabbulu varusa prateekaara daadulanu praarambhinchaaru, conny yazid ibn makhlad all-hubairi all-fazari aadhvaryamlo vasantakaala daadi baga odipoyindi, yazid swayamgaa maidaanamlo padipoyadu. harthama ibn ayan aadhvaryamlo pedda vesavi daadini nickephoros vyaktigatamgaa edurkonnadu, mariyu nirnayaatmaka yuddham taruvaata irupakshaalu venakki taggai. badulugaa byzantinelu marash praantampai daadi chesaaru, vesavi chivaralo humaid oka pedda naavikaadala daadini praarambhinchaadu, idhi rodlanu dochukuni peloponnis varaku cherukundi, akkada adhi sthaanika baanisalalo tirugubaatunu rekettinchi undavacchu. ayithe, tirigi vacchina taruvaata, humaid aneka noukalanu tuphaanu kaaranamgaa kolpoyadu, mariyu peloponnis meeda, patras nagaranni swaadheenam chesukovadamlo viphalamaina taruvaata slavic tirugubaatu anachiveyabadindi. khurasanlo rafee ibn all-laeth tirugubaatu praarambhamavadamtho aaa samvatsaram abbasid prayatnaala vaiphalyam marinta perigindi, idhi haroon nuu mallii thoorpuku vellamani balavantam chesindi. khalifa oka kotta sandhini muginchaadu, 808loe lamoslo maroka khaideela marpidi jarigindi. aaa vidhamgaa nickephoros thana laabhaalato migilipoyadu, punaruddharinchabadina sarihaddu kotalu mariyu kappam nilipiveyadam rendoo chekkuchedarakunda unnaayi.
prabhavam.
haroon yokka bhaarii dandayaatra bhouthika paramgaa chaalaa takkuvagaa saadhinchindi. heracleanu tolaginchi, arab moolaalalo daani pramukha chikitsa unnappatikee, etuvanti shaashwata phalitam saadhinchaledu, endukante nickephoros ventane sandhi nibandhanalanu ullanghinchaadu. charitrakaarudu warren treadgold prakaram, marinta paschimaaniki velli oka pradhana nagaranni swaadheenam chesukovalani thana leftinentlalo okaru icchina salahanu haroon teesukunnatlayite, athanu byzantiumku marinta deerghakaalika nashtanni kaliginchi undavacchu, conny khalifa lakshyalu marinta parimitam cheyabaddayi haroon nickephorosnu bhayapette mariyu 805 naati daadini punaraavrutam cheyakunda nirodhinche shakti pradarsanatoe santrupti chendaadu, idhi islam champiyanga athani viswasaneeyatanu balaparichindi. aaa vishayamlo, abbasid pracharam khachitamgaa vijayavantamaindihi 806 taruvaata, byzantine palakudu thoorpu sarihaddu kosam taanu kaligi unna vistaranavaada pranaalikalanu vidichipetti, thana aardhika samskaranalu, balkanla punaruddharana mariyu akkada bulgerlapy thana yuddhaalapai drushti pettadu, idhi 811loe plisca yokka vinaasakaramaina yuddhamlo athani maranamtho mugustundi.
marovaipu, charitrakaarudu emm. eah. shahban eee pracharanni "parimita vijayam" gaa bhaavistaadu, mariyu byzantines patla haroon yokka "yeka-manassu" drushtini "puurtigaa daari tappina prayatnam" gaa vimarsistaadu. shahban prakaram, byzantinelaku khalifanu teevramgaa bedirinche nijamaina saamarthyam (ledhaa uddesyam) undatame kakunda, haroon yokka niyamaka drive khurasan nundi thoorpu sainikula pravaahaaniki daariteesindi, idhi saampradaaya syrian-iraqi sainika unnatavargaanni vyatirekinchindi mariyu nalgava fitna, haroon maranam taruvaata chelaregina abbasid antaryuddhaaniki dohadapadina vibhedaalanu srushtinchindi. haroon kumaarulu all-ameen () mariyu all-mamun () madhya eee vivaadam, abbasid califate balkanlalo byzantine tirogamanaalanu dopidi cheyalekapoyindi. nijaaniki, 806 dandayaatra mariyu 807 yokka asamarthamaina daadulu iravai samvatsaraalaku paiga byzantiumku vyatiraekamgaa chivari pradhana, kendra vyavastheekruta, abbasid dandayaatralanu suuchistaayi. bhoomi mariyu samudramlo vivikta daadulu mariyu eduru daadulu konasagayi, mariyu abbasidla nundi swatantramgaa, sthaanika muslim nayakulu kreetnu jayinchi, 820laloe sisileeni jayinchadam praarambhinchaaru. edemaina, rendu saamrajyaala madhya thoorpu asea mainer bhuubhaagam meeda pedda ettuna karyakalapalu chakravarthy theophilos () pattabhishekam taruvaata matrame tirigi prarambhamayyayi, khalifa all-mamun mariyu all-muu 'taseem () latho vaari gharshanalu all-mamun yokka 830-833 loe goppa dandayaatralaku, mariyu all-muu' tasim dwara 838loe amoriumnu dochukodaniki daariteesaayi.
haroon yokka pracharam yokka sudeerghakaalam konasagina prabhavam saahityamlo kanipistundi. arabbulalo, all-masoodi mariyu dhi vanti muulaala dwara sambandhinchina aneka itihaasaalu ledhaa vruttaamtaalu, nagaramloni balamaina kotalanu nokki chebutuu, byzantine mariyu arab chhampian madhya oke poraataanni vivaristuu, arabbulu lasso upayoginchi byzantine swaadheenam chesukunnappudu nirnayinchabaddaayi, ledhaa abbasid sainyam greeku agni lanty padaarthaalanu visire pedda kavalikalanu upayoginchadam dwara rakshakulalo prerana pondina bhayam. ottoman turklu byzantinelatho haroon yuddhaalaku kooda goppa praamukhyata icchaaru. 17va sataabdapu ottoman yaatrikudu evlia selebi yokka vruttaantam arab sainyam bosporusku cherukunnappudu, haaroon 782 dandayaatra sanghatanalanu, 806 naati vaaritho kalipi, alaage nickephoros maranam vanti spashtamaina kalpita amsaalanu parichayam chesindi. evlia prakaram, haaroon rendusaarlu constantinopalnu muttadinchaadu. raani deedo yokka puraatana kathanu anukaristuu, oka oxheid dachagaliginanta bhoomini bhadraparichi, akkada oka kotanu nirminchina taruvaata, khalifa modatisaarigaa upasamharinchukunnaadu. rendava saari, akkada nivasistunna muslimla oochakotaku prateekaaram teerchukoovadaaniki haroon constantinople meeda kavaatu chesi, hagia sofiya vadda uri vesukuni nickephorosnu uriteeyamani aadesinchaadu.
thana vijayavantamaina dandayaatra ghnaapakaartham, haroon thana pradhana nivaasamaina rakkaku paschimaana vijaya smaaraka chihnanni nirminchaadu. sthaanika sampradaayamlo, heraclia taruvaata, idhi pakkala podavutho oka chadarapu nirmaanaanni kaligi untundi, chuttoo vyaasamlo vruttaakaara goda untundi, cardinal disalalo naalugu dwaaraalatoo kuttabadi untundi. 806-807 loe haroon aadesaala meraku koolchivesina charchila nundi teesina raatitoe nirminchina pradhana nirmaanamloo, diguva antastulo naalugu khajaanaalato kuudina mandiraalu unnaayi, mariyu eguva antastuku daariteese ramplu unnaayi, idhi khurasan mariyu tadupari maranaaniki haroon bayaludaerinappudu asampuurnamgaa migilipoyindi.

