
kevalam swaram

sangeetamlo, kevalam swaram ledhaa swachchamaina swaram anedi sangeeta viramalanu pounahpunyaala yokka mottam sankhya nishpattulugaa (3:2 ledhaa 4:3 vantivi) tuning cheyadam. eee vidhamgaa tune cheyabadina viramam swachchamainadigaa cheppabadutundi, mariyu dheenini nyaayamaina viramam antaaru. kevalam viramalu (mariyu vaatini kalapadam dwara srushtinchabadina teegalu) suuchimchina praathamika yokka oke harmonic shreni nundi swaraalanu kaligi untaayi. udaaharanaku, rekhaachitramlo, g3 mariyu c4 (3 mariyu 4 anie label cheyabadina) notlanu atyalpa c yokka harmonic shrenilo sabhyuluga tune chesthe, vaati pounahpunyaalu praathamika pounahpunyaaniki 3 mariyu 4 retlu untaayi. kabatti c4 mariyu g3 madhya virama nishpatti 4:3, kevalam naalugavadi. 
paaschaatya sangeeta saadhanalo, vayolinlu, violas, sellolu mariyu double baaslu vanti vangi vaayidyaalu swachchamaina aidava ledhaa naalugava bhaagaalanu upayoginchi tune cheyabadataayi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, keyboard vaayidyaalu arudugaa swachchamaina viramalanu matrame upayoginchi tune cheyabadataayi-paaschaatya sangeetamlo ververu keelu oke vidhamaina viramalanu kaligi undaalane korika dheenini asadhyamga chestundi. electric pianolu vanti sthira swaram yokka konni vaayidyaalu saadhaaranamgaa samaana swabhaavaanni upayoginchi tune cheyabadataayi, dheenilo ashtapadaalu kakunda anni viramalu ahetuka-sankhya pounahpunya nishpattulanu kaligi untaayi. dhwani pianolu saadhaaranamgaa ashtapadaalatho koddigaa vedalpugaa untaayi, anduvalla swachchamaina viramalu lekunda untaayi.
just intonation" anae padabandhaanni 5-parimiti diatonic intonation yokka oka nirdishta samskarananu suuchimchadaaniki upayogistaaru, antey tolemy yokka teevramaina diatonic, alaage harmonic syries nundi pondina mottam sankhya viramalanu upayoginche mottam taragati tuninglanu suuchimchadaaniki upayogistaaru. eee konamlo, "kevalam swaram" anedi samaana swabhaavaalu mariyu prarambha punarujjeevanam mariyu barok yokka "nigraha" tuningla nundi vaeru cheyabadindi, avi swabhaavam ledhaa oka swabhaavam. paaschaatya sangeetamlo 5-parimiti atyanta prabalamaina nyaayamaina swaram kabatti, paaschaatya sangeetakaarulu taruvaata eee sthaayini kevalam swaram yokka ekaika samskaranagaa bhaavinchaaru. suutrapraayamgaa, harmonic shreni anantamainadi kabatti, saadhyamayye "just intonations" anantamaina sankhyalo unnaayi. 
paribhasha.
kevalam swaraalu parimitula bhavana dwara vargeekarinchabadataayi. parimiti anedi oka scale yokka viramalalo cherchabadina atyadhika pradhana sankhya bhinnanni suuchistumdi. edainaa 3 parimiti yokka anni viramalu kevalam swaram 3 yokka gunakaalu avtayi. kabatti 6/5 anedi 5-parimitiloo cherchabadutundi, endukante dheeniki denaminatorlo 5 untundi. oka scale 21:20 viramanni upayogiste, adhi kevalam 7-parimiti swaram, endukante 21 anedi 7 yokka gunakam. 9/8 viramam anedi 3-parimiti viramam endukante numerator mariyu denaminator rendoo 3 mariyu 2 yokka gunakaalu. 5-parimiti viramalanu upayoginche conny 2-parimiti viramalu laeni scalenu kaligi undatam saadhyame, antey.vendy carlos yokka alfa mariyu beata pramaanaalu vanti ashtapadaalu laevu. naalugava ledhaa aidava (3 parimiti) nuu upayoginchani, conny 5 mariyu 7 parimiti viramalanu matrame upayoginche diatonic pramaanaalanu tayaaru cheyadam kooda saadhyame. anduvalla, parimiti anae bhavana upayogakaramaina vyatyaasam, conny khachitamgaa oka nirdishta sthaayi gurinchi telusukovalasina pratidaanni manaku cheppadu. 
pythagarian tuning ledhaa 3-parimiti tuning, 2 mariyu 3 sankhyalatho sahaa nishpattulanu mariyu vaati saktulu, antey 3:2, khachitamaina aidava, mariyu 9:4, pradhana tommidava vanti vaatini anumatistundi. sangeeta vislaeshanha prayojanaala kosam sii nundi zii varaku viramanni daani tuning paddhatitoe sambandham lekunda khachitamaina aidava anie pilichinappatikee, tuning vyavasthalanu charchinche prayojanaala kosam sangeeta saastravettalu 3:2 nishpattini upayoginchi srushtinchina "khachitamaina aidava" mariyu ardhavantamaina ledhaa samaana swabhaavam vanti itara vyavasthanu upayoginchi "tempered aidava" madhya thedaanu gurtinchavacchu.
5-parimiti tuning anedi adanamgaa 5 sankhyanu mariyu daani saktulanu upayoginchi nishpattulanu kaligi untundi, udaaharanaku 5:4, oka pradhana moodava, mariyu 15:8, oka pradhana edava. itara tuning paddhatulanu upayoginchi srushtinchabadina pradhana moodinta oka vanthu nundi 5:4 nishpattini vaeru cheyadaaniki pratyeka padam "perfect third" appudappudu upayoginchabadutundi. 7-parimiti mariyu adhika vyavasthalu overtone shrenilo adhika pradhana sankhya bhaagaalanu upayogistaayi (udhaa.zii. 11, 13, 17 modalainavi.)
kaamalu chaalaa chinna viramalu, ivi just viraamaala jatala madhya nimisham vyatyaasaala phalitamgaa erpadataayi. udaaharanaku, (5-parimiti) 5:4 nishpatti pythagarian (3-parimiti) majer third (81:64) nundi syntonic cama anie piluvabade 81:80 vyatyaasam dwara bhinnamgaa untundi. septimal cama, 64:63 nishpatti, 7-parimiti viramam, idhi pythagarian semee-detone, 32/27, mariyu septimal mainer moodava, 7:6 madhya dhooram. (32/27) ρ (7/6) = 64/63. 
oka saatam anedi viramam parimaanam yokka kolata. idhi sangeeta pounahpunya nishpattulalo samvargamaanam. ashtakam 1200 dasalugaa vibhajinchabadindi, prati semitoneku 100 sentlu. sentlu tarachugaa 12 tett nundi nyaayamaina viramam enthagaa maarutundo vivarinchadaaniki upayogistaaru. udaaharanaku, pradhana moodavadi 12 tetlalo 400 sentlu, conny 5 va harmonic, 5:4 anedi 386.314 sentlu. anduvalla, idhi kevalam pradhana moodavadi-13.686 sentla dwara maarutundi.
charitra.
pythagorus tuning pythagorus mariyu eratosthenes rendintikee kaaranamani taruvaati rachayitalu paerkonnaaru, conny itara prarambha greekulu ledhaa itara prarambha samskrutulu kooda vislaeshimchi undavacchu. pythagarian tuning vyavastha yokka atyanta puraatana vivarana babylonian kalakhandala kanipistundi.
cree. sha. rendava sataabdamloo, claudius tolemy sangeeta siddhaantam "harmonics" paie thana prabhaavavantamaina grandhamlo 5-parimita diatonic sthaayini vivarinchaadu, dheenini athanu "intensive diatonic" anie pilichadu. 120,, 100,90,80,75, mariyu 60 string podavula nishpattulanu batti, tolemy taruvaata frigian scale anie pilavabade tuningnu parimaanam chesaadu (moodava notlo praarambhamayye mariyu mugise pradhana scaleku samanam)-16:15,9:8,10:9,9:8,16:15,9:8, mariyu 10:9.
tolemy charitra nundi udbhavinchina aneka itara nyaayamaina swaraalanu (pythagorus, philolas, architas, aristoxinus, eratosthenes mariyu didimus) mariyu thana sonta aavishkarana/aavishkaranalanu vivarinchaadu, veetilo 3-parimiti, 5-parimiti, 7-parimiti mariyu 11-parimiti diatonic loe virama namuunaala yokka khachitatvam kooda undhi. 
paaschaatya sangeetam kaanidi, mukhyamgaa pentatonic pramaanaalapai nirminchinadi, ekkuvagaa kevalam swaraanni upayoginchi tune cheyabadutundi. chainaalo, gukin harmonic overtone sthaanaala aadhaaramgaa sangeeta sthaayini kaligi untundi. daani soundboardulooni chukkalu swaramela sthaanaalanu suchistaih,,,,,,,,,,,,. bharatiya sangeetam kevalam swaramlo tuning kosam vistrutamaina saiddhaantika chatraanni kaligi undhi.
diatonic scale.
icchina sthaayi yokka pramukha swaraalanu tune cheyavachu, tadwara vaati pounahpunyaalu (saapekshamgaa) chinna mottam sankhya nishpattulanu yerparustaayi.
5-parimita diatonic pradhana scale, tannic, subdominant mariyu dominant paie pradhana trayam 4:5:6 nishpattilo tune cheyabade vidhamgaa tune cheyabadutundi, mariyu madhyavarti mariyu upa-madhyavarti meeda chinna trayam 10:12:15 nishpattilo tune cheyabadutundi. rendu parimaanaala valla hooletone-9:8 (pradhana hooletone) mariyu 10:9 (chinna hooletone)-supertonic nuu swachchamaina chinna trayam erpadataaniki syntonic cama dwara microtonicga tagginchaali.
sii paie 5-parimita diatonic pradhana sthaayi (tolemy yokka teevramaina diatonic sthaayi) krindi pattikalo choopabadindihi
eee udaaharanalo d nundi a varaku viramam thodelu aidavadi, nishpatti sumaru 680 sentlu, swachchamaina nishpattilooni 702 sentla kante gamaninchadagga vidhamgaa takkuvagaa untundi.
nyayamga tune cheyabadina diatonic chinna scale kosam, madhyavarti 6:5 tune cheyabadindi mariyu madhyavarti 8:5 tune cheyabadindi. indulo subtonic kosam 9:5 tuning untundi. udaaharanaku a:
pannendu-tone scale.
pannendu-tone scale yokka just tuningnu roopondinchadaaniki aneka margalu unnaayi.
pythagarian tuning.
pythagarian tuning pannendu-tone scalenu utpatti cheyagaladu, conny idhi chaalaa pedda sankhyala nishpattulanu kaligi undatam dwara chestundi, idhi bhouthika drugvishayamlo vistrutamgaa sambhavinchani harmonic shrenilo chaalaa ekkuva sahaja harmonicsku anugunamgaa untundi. eee tuning 3 mariyu 2 yokka saktulanu matrame kaligi unna nishpattulanu upayogistundi, eee krindi vidhamgaa kevalam aidava ledhaa naalugava varusanu srushtistundihi
nishpattulu sii ("bays note") kuu sambandhinchi lekkinchabadataayi. sii nundi praarambhinchi, aaru dasalanu (aidava vruttam chuttoo) edama vaipuku mariyu aaru dasalanu kudi vaipuku taralinchadam dwara avi pondabadataayi. prati dasalo munupati pitch yokka gunakaaram (aidava avarohana), (aidava avarohana) ledhaa vaati vilomaalu (ledhaa) untaayi.
eee kramam yokka rendu chivarlalo unna swara swaraala madhya pitch nishpatti, ledhaa sumaru 23 sentlu, dheenini pythagarian cama anie pilustaaru. pannendu-tone scalenu utpatti cheyadaaniki, vaatilo okadaanni ekapakshamgaa vismaristaaru. migilina pannendu swaraalu vaati pounahpunyaalanu 2 (okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva ashtapadaala parimaanam) saktini penchadam ledhaa tagginchadam dwara punaraavrutam cheyabadataayi, tadwara bahula ashtapadaalatho (piano keyboard vantivi) pramaanaalanu nirminchavacchu. pythagarian tuning yokka lopam emitante, eee scaleloni pannendu aidava bhagalalo okati chedugaa tune cheyabadi, anduvalla upayoginchalenidi (thodelu aidavadi, gnii vismarinchinatlayithe f-d, ledhaa fnii vismarinchinatlayithe b-g). eee pannendu-swaraala sthaayi samaana swabhaavaaniki chaalaa daggaragaa untundi, conny idhi swara saamarasyaaniki ekkuva prayojanaanni andinchadu endukante khachitamaina viramalu (nalgava, aidava mariyu ashtaka) matrame swachchamgaa anipinchenta saralamgaa untaayi. udaaharanaku, moodinta oka vanthu mandhi, 81:64 yokka asthira viramanni andukuntaaru, idhi 81:80 nishpatti dwara ishtapade 5:4 kante padunainadi. daani upayogaaniki pradhana kaaranam emitante, idhi tune cheyadam chaalaa sulabham, endukante daani building block, khachitamaina aidavadi, saralamainadi mariyu tatphalitamgaa ashtakam mariyu aikyata tarvaata atyanta hallu viramam.
pythagarian tuningnu "moodu-parimita" tuning vyavasthagaa pariganinchavacchu, endukante nishpattulanu 3 kante takkuva ledhaa samaanamaina puurti sankhyala puurnaanka saktula gunakam vale vyakteekarinchavachhu.
aidu-parimiti tuning.
aidava varaku samarasyanni kalapadam dwara kooda pannendu-swara sthaayini srushtinchavachuh antey, icchina suuchana gamanika (bays note) yokka pounahpunyaanni 2,3 ledhaa 5 saktulatoe guninchadam dwara ledhaa vaati kalayika dwara. eee paddhatini aidu-parimita tuning antaaru.
atuvanti pannendu-tone scalenu nirminchadaaniki (sii nii bays notga upayoginchadam), manam padihenu pitch lanu kaligi unna tablenu nirminchadam dwara praarambhinchavacchuh
modati varusa mariyu niluvu varusalo jabita cheyabadina karakalu varusaga 3 mariyu 5 yokka saktulu (udhaa.zii., = 3). rangulu daadaapu okela unde swaram gala swara swaraala jantalanu suuchistaayi. eee nishpattulannee eee rekhaachitram madhyalo c kii sambandhinchi vyakteekarinchabadataayi (eee scale yokka bays note). avi rendu dasallo lekkinchabadataayih
rendava dasalo upayoginchina 2 yokka saktulanu aarohana ledhaa avarohana ashtapadaalugaa ardham chesukovacchu. udaaharanaku, oka swaram yokka pounahpunyaanni 2thoo guninchadam antey daanini 6 ashtapadaalatho penchadam. antekakunda, pattikalooni prati varusanu aidava varusa (kudivaipuku ekkadam) gaa pariganinchavacchu, mariyu prati niluvu varusalo moodinta oka vanthu pradhana varusa (paiki ekkadam) gaa pariganinchavacchu. udaaharanaku, pattika yokka modati varusalo, d mariyu a nundi aidava aarohana untundi, mariyu marokati (avarohana ashtakam taruvaata) a nundi e varaku untundi. idhi adhe nishpattulanu lekkinchadaaniki pratyaamnaaya conny samaanamaina paddhatini suuchistumdi. udaaharanaku, oka kanam edamavaipuku mariyu pattikalo oka kanam paiki kadilinchadam dwara c nundi praarambhinchi a nii pondavacchu, antey aidava kanam digadam mariyu moodava kanam paiki ekkadamh
idhi sii kante takkuvagaa unnanduna, kaavalasina nishpattula paridhiloo (1:1 nundi 2:1 varaku) muginchadaaniki oka ashtakam dwara paiki vellali
prati rendu swara swaraalaku oka swaraanni tolaginchadam dwara 12-swara sthaayini pondavacchu. dheenini kaneesam moodu vidhaluga cheyavachu, idhi sii-aadhaarita pythagarian mariyu quarter-kamma antey oka pramaanaalaku kooda chellubaatu ayye oka sampradaayam prakaram, zii tolagimpunu kaligi untundi. idhi tannic sii kante aidavadi, sagam ashtakaniki daggaragaa, idhi oka asambaddha viramam anie gamaninchandi; daani nishpatti daani numerator mariyu scaleloni anni tonela denaminatorlo atipedda viluvalanu kaligi undhi, idhi daanini athi takkuva saamarasyamgaa chestundih dheenini nivaarinchadaaniki anni kaaranaalu.
idhi aidu-parimitula tuning yokka oka saadhyamayye vyuuham matrame. idhi pattika yokka modati niluvu varusanu ("" "anie label cheyabadindi) paaraveyadam kaligi untundi. phalitamgaa vachhe 12-tone scale krinda choopabadindihi
pannendu-tone scale yokka podigimpu.
paie pattika bays nishpattulanu nirminchadaaniki 3 mariyu 5 yokka takkuva saktulanu matrame upayogistundi. ayithe, 5 = 25,5 =, 3 = 27, ledhaa 3 = vanti oke sankhyala yokka adhika saanukuula mariyu pratikuula saktulanu upayoginchadam dwara dheenini sulabhamgaa vistarinchavacchu. eee bays nishpattulanu kalapadam dwara 25,35 ledhaa anthakante ekkuva pichlatho kuudina scalenu pondavacchu.
bharatiya scales.
bharatiya sangeetamlo, paina vivarinchina kevalam diatonic scale upayoginchabadutundi, ayithe vividha avakaasaalu unnaayi, udaaharanaku aarava pitch ("dhaa") kosam, mariyu "saa" mariyu "paa" minaha anni pitch laku marinni maarpulu cheyavachu.
bharatiya swara vyavastha yokka konni vruttaamtaalu icchina 12 swaraalanu 22 srutulugaa vibhajinchabadindani udaharinchaayi. kontamandi sangeetakaarula abhiprayam prakaram, okadaaniki icchina 12 swaraalu mariyu adanamgaa padhi swaraalu (tannic, shadza ("saa"), mariyu swachchamaina aidava, pancham ("paa"), avidheyata kaligi untaayi (bharatiya sangeeta siddhaantamlo acchalaa anie pilustaaru):
icchina aksharam paeru ledhaa swaraaniki "rendu" nishpattulu unna chota, manaku 81:80 (22 sentlu) vyatyaasam undhi, idhi bharatiya sangeeta siddhaantamlo syntonic cama ledhaa praman. eee notlanu chalaa anie pilustaaru. rendu aksharaala paerla madhya dhooram puurna (256:243) mariyu neuna (25:24) parimaanaalalo vastundi. samarasyanni chudavachu, daanini tannic nundi, taruvaata ashtakanni chudavachu.
aacharanaatmaka samasyalu.
paina unna diatonic scale vanti konni sthiramaina kevalam swara pramaanaalu mariyu vyavasthalu, sumaru samaanamaina chadunaina swaraanni pramaanamloo andubaatulo laeni padunaina swaraaniki pratyamnaayamgaa unnappudu thodelu viramalanu utpatti chestaayi, ledhaa dheeniki viruddhamgaa. paina perkonna scale oka semitone pakkana oka chinna tone sambhavinchadaaniki anumatistundi, idhi d-f kosam ibbandikaramaina nishpattini 32:27 nuu utpatti chestundi, inca adhvaannamgaa, d-a kosam 40:27 ichhe naalgavadaaniki pakkana oka chinna tone untundi. 10: 9kii tagginchadam eee ibbandulanu taggistundi conny kotta vaatini srushtistundihi d-g anedi 27:20 avutundi, mariyu d-b anedi 27:16 avutundi. eee praathamika samasya parimita sankhyalo notlanu upayoginchi tuning chese yea vyavasthaloonainaa talettutundi.
guitar meeda (ledhaa piano meeda keelu) zii kii sambandhinchi 9:8 mariyu zii kii sambandhinchi 10:9 rendintinee nirvahinchadaaniki ekkuva fratelanu kaligi undavacchu, tadwara eah-sii nii 6:5 gaa vaayinchavachhu, ayithe eah-dii nii inca 3:2.9:8 mariyu 10:9 gaa vaayinchavachhu, ivi oka ashtakaniki takkuva, kabatti yaantrika mariyu paniteeru parigananalu eee vidhananni chaalaa arudugaa chesaayi. mariyu saadhaarana 5-parimiti kevalam swaramlo c6ad9 (c-e-g-a-d) vanti sanklishta teegalanu elaa tune cheyalane samasya parishkarinchabadadu (udaaharanaku, a anedi d krinda 4:3 kaavacchu (g anedi 1 ayithe 9:8) ledhaa 4:3 e paina (g anedi 1 ayithe 10:9 chesthe) conny rendoo oke samayamlo kaadu, kabatti teegalooni naaluginta oka vanthu anedi avt-off-tune thodelu viramam ayi undaali). chaalaa sanklishtamaina (jodinchina-swaram mariyu podiginchina) teegalaku saadhaaranamgaa saamarasyamgaa dhwaninchadaaniki saadhaarana 5-parimiti nishpattulaku minchina viramalu avasaram (udaaharanaku, munupati teeganu 13va swaramelam nundi oka gamanikanu upayoginchi 8:10:12:13:18 kuu tune cheyavachu), idhi marinta keelu ledhaa fratelanu suuchistumdi. ayithe, eee fratelanu puurtigaa tolaginchavacchu-idhi, duradrushtavasaattu, maanava chethi nirmaanam mariyu yantrasaastram kaaranamgaa aneka teegalanu inn-tune cheyadam chaalaa kashtataram chestundi-mariyu chaalaa sanklishtamaina teegalanu kevalam swaramlo tune cheyadam saadhaaranamgaa aspashtamgaa untundi.
kontamandi swarakartalu uddeshapoorvakamgaa eee thodelu viramalu mariyu itara asambaddha viramalanu sangeeta bhaagamlo swaram yokka rangu paaletnu vistarinche maargamgaa upayogistaaru. udaaharanaku, lamonte young yokka vistarinchina piano mukkalu "baga tune cheyabadina piano" mariyu terrie railey yokka "dhi harp off nyuu albian" sangeeta prabhavam kosam chaalaa hallu mariyu asambaddhamaina viraamaala kalayikanu upayogistaayi. dyotakam" loe, maikhel haarisan marinta munduku veltaadu, mariyu konni asambaddhamaina viraamaala dwara utpatti cheyabadina beat namuunaala vegaanni aneka kadalikalo antarbhaagamgaa upayogistaadu.
kevalam swaramlo tune cheyabadina aneka sthira-pitch vaayidyaala kosam, vaayidyam tirigi tune cheyakunda keelanu marchaleru. udaaharanaku, oka piano kevalam swara viramalalo mariyu g yokka kii kosam kaneesam thodelu viramalalo tune cheyabadithe, appudu maroka kii (saadhaaranamgaa ii-flat) matrame adhe viramalanu kaligi untundi, mariyu chaalaa keelu chaalaa asambaddhamaina mariyu asahyakaramaina dhwanini kaligi untaayi. idhi oka mukkalo modulation chestundi, ledhaa vividha keelalo mukkala jaabitaanu play chestundi, idhi asaadhyamainadi nundi asadhyam.
kevalam swaramtho prayogaalu cheyalanukune swarakartalaku synthesiserlu oka viluvaina saadhanamgaa niroopinchabaddaayi. vaatini microtunertho sulabhamgaa tirigi tune cheyavachu. aneka vaanijya samshlaeshanhalu antarnirmita kevalam swaram pramaanaalanu upayoginche saamarthyaanni ledhaa vaatini manaveeyamgaa srushtinche saamarthyaanni andistaayi. vendy carlos thana 1986 album "beauty inn dhi beast" loe oka vyavasthanu upayoginchindi, indulo oka electronic keyboardnu notes play cheyadaaniki upayoginchaaru, marokati takshaname ruut notnu sett cheyadaaniki upayoginchabadindi, dheeniki anni viramalu tune cheyabaddaayi, idhi modulationku anumatinchindi. aame 1987 lecture album "secrets off synthesis" loe samaana swabhaavam mariyu kevalam swaram madhya sabdamlo vyatyaasaaniki vinagalige udaaharanalu unnaayi.
padatam mariyu sthaayi-rahita vaayidyaalu.
maanava swaram anedi saadhaarana upayogamlo atyanta pitch-flexible vaayidyaalalo okati. pichnu etuvanti parimitulu lekunda maarchavacchu mariyu paniteeru madhyalo, retune cheyalsina avasaram lekunda sardubaatu cheyavachu. vaayidyaala thodugaa (pitch meeda daani sahayaka parimitulatoe) perugutunna vaadakamtho ekakaalamlo kevalam swaram yokka spashtamaina upayogam anukuulamgaa laenappatikee, chaalaa capella samuuhaalu sahajamgaa daani sthirathvam yokka soulabhyam kaaranamgaa kevalam swaram vaipu moggu chuuputaayi. kshourashaala quartetlu dheeniki manchi udaaharana.
violine kutumbaaniki chendinavi (violine, viola mariyu sello) mariyu double baas vanti avisraantamaina teegala vaayidyaalu pitch lanu sardubaatu cheyagala vidhaanamlo chaalaa saralamgaa untaayi. sthiramaina pitch vaayidyaalatoe vaayinchani string vaayidyaalu moodava mariyu pramukha swaraala vanti keelaka swaraala swaraanni sardubaatu chestaayi, tadwara swaraalu samaana swabhaavaaniki bhinnamgaa untaayi.
trombonelu paniteeru samayamlo ekapaksha tuningnu anumatinche slidenu kaligi untaayi. prati rotary ledhaa piston valve kosam prati okka rotary ledhaa piston slidetho, parikaram venuka bhaagamlo unna pradhana tuning slidenu chinnadigaa ledhaa podavugaa cheyadam dwara, mariyu ganta lopala kudi chetini upayoginchi swaraanni padunu pettadaniki chetini lothugaa nettadam dwara, ledhaa vaayinchetappudu swaraanni chadunu cheyadaaniki daanni bayataku lagadam dwara swaraanni sardubaatu cheyadam dwara french kommulanu tune cheyavachu. konni sahaja kommulu gantalo chethitho tuningnu kooda sardubaatu cheyavachu, mariyu kavaataalu gala carnetlu, bakalu, fluggelhornlu, saxhornlu, wagner tubalu mariyu tubalu mottam mariyu kavaatapu kommula vanti kavaataala-dwara-kavaata tuning slidelanu kaligi untaayi.
kavaataalato kuudina gaali parikaraalu sahaja tuning vaipu pakshapaatamto untaayi mariyu samaana swabhaavam avasaramaite micro-tune cheyabadaali.
itara gaali vaayidyaalu, oka nirdishta sthaayiki nirminchinappatikii, ambuchar ledhaa vaeliki sardubaatlanu upayoginchadam dwara kontavaraku suukshma-tune cheyavachu.
paaschaatya swarakartalu.
swarakartalu tarachugaa nishpattulu entha sanklishtamgaa maravachane daanipai parimitini vidhistaaru. udaaharanaku, 7-parimitiloo kevalam swaram raayadaaniki enchukunna swarakarta 7 kante pedda pradhana sankhyala saktulanu upayoginche nishpattulanu upayogincharu. eee pathakam kinda, 11:7 mariyu 13:6 vanti nishpattulu anumatinchabadavu, endukante 11 mariyu 13 lanu aaa pradhana sankhyala ≤7 ("i") saktulugaa vyakteekarinchalemu.ii."2,3,5 mariyu 7).
sibbandi sanketam.
modata pramaanaalanu vivarinchadaaniki oka sangnaamaana vyavasthanu haptman roopondinchaaru mariyu helmoltz (1877) savarinchaaru; prarambha gamanika pythagarian anie bhaavinchabadutundi; tadupari gamanika kevalam pedda moodavadi ayithe a "+" unchabadutundi, a "-" adhi kevalam chinna moodavadi ayithe, itarulatoe paatu; chivaraku, enni syntonic kaamalu (81:80) tagginchaalo suuchimchadaaniki subscript sankhyalu rendava notlo unchabadataayi. udaaharanaku, c paie pythagarian majer moodavadi c + e () ayithe kevalam majer moodavadi c + e1 (). idhe vidhamaina vyavasthanu carle eetj roopondinchaaru mariyu barber (1951) loe upayoginchaaru, dheenilo pythagarian notlu praarambhinchabadataayi mariyu enni kaamalu (81:80, syntonic cama) sardubaatu cheyaalo soochinche saanukuula ledhaa pratikuula superscript sankhyalu jodinchabadataayi. udaaharanaku, c paie pythagarian majer moodavadi c − e0 ayithe kevalam majer moodavadi c − e − 1. eee pythagarian aadhaarita sangnaamaanam yokka podigimpu adhika praimlaku "helmoltz/ellis/wolf/monzo system" anedi aassi chihnalu mariyu pradhana-karakam-shakti vahakalu, monzo yokka "tonal saft encyclopedia" loe vivarinchabadindi.
eee vyavasthalu mudranalo viramalu mariyu swaraala yokka khachitamaina suuchananu anumatinchinappatikii, iteevala kontamandi swarakartalu sampradaaya aidu-line sibbandini upayoginchi kevalam swaram kosam sangnaamaana paddhatulanu abhivruddhi chestunnaru. james tenny, itarulatoe paatu, oka puraanamloo ledhaa neerugaa scorelo suuchimchabadina samaana swabhaavam gala pitch nundi sentla vichalanaalatho zee nishpattulanu kalapadaniki ishtapadataaru, idhi pradarsakulu kavalanukunte electronic tuning parikaraalanu takshaname upayoginchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi.
1960la praarambhamlo, benn johnson oka pratyaamnaaya vidhananni pratipaadinchaaru, sampradaaya chihnala (edu "telupu" notlu, padunainavi mariyu chadunainavi) avagahananu punarnirvachinchaaru mariyu marinta pramaadavasaattu jodinchaaru, prati okkati sangnaamaanaanni adhika pradhana parimitulaku vistarinchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi. athani sangnaamaanam "16va sataabdapu italian nirvachanaalato praarambhamai, akkada nundi konasaagutundi."johnston sangnaamaanam zee (anki) loe tune cheyabadina diatonic sii majer scale meeda aadharapadi untundi. 4), dheenilo d (c paina 9:8) mariyu a (c paina 5:3) madhya viramam pythagarian paripuurna aidava 3:2 kante takkuva oka syntonic cama. khachitamaina aidava vraayadaaniki, johnston eee camanu suuchimchadaaniki + mariyu-mallii chihnala jatanu parichayam chestaadu. anduvalla, f thoo praarambhamayye khachitamaina aidava shreni c g d a + e + b + konasaagutundi. moodu sampradaaya tellani notlu a e b varusaga f c g paina tolemic majer moodava vanthu (5:4) gaa tune cheyabaddaayi. johnston septimal (&), undessimal (&), tridesimal (&), inca marinni prime-number extensionlaku kotta chihnalanu parichayam chestaadu, tadwara athanu "extended just intonation" (fig) anie paeru pettina daaniki pramaadavasaattu aadhaarita khachitamaina zee sangnaamaanaanni srushtistaadu. 2 & anjoorapu. 3). udaaharanaku, c paie pythagarian majer moodavadi c-e + ayithe kevalam majer moodavadi c-e (anjoorapu bomma). 4).
2000-2004 loe, maark sabat mariyu wolfgang vaan schweenitz berlinlo bhinnamaina pramaada-aadhaarita paddhatini abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki panicheesaaru, idhi podiginchina helmoltz-ellis zee pitch sangnaamaanam. sangeeta siddhaantaaniki saareeraka praatipadikagaa swaram yokka anubhootulapai", ellis yokka sentla aavishkarananu cherchadam, mariyu "extended zee" loki johnston adugu konasaginchadam vanti helmoltz thana classiclo suuchimchina sangnaamaana paddhatini anusarinchi, sabat mariyu schweenitz harmonic space yokka prati pradhana koonaaniki pratyaekamaina chihnalanu (accidentals) pratipaadinchaaru. mukhyamgaa, sampradaaya chadunaina, sahajamaina mariyu padunainavi khachitamaina aidava pythagarian shrenini nirvachistaayi. pythagarian pitch luu kotta chihnalatho jatacheyabadataayi, ivi harmonic shreniloni vividha itara bhaagaalanu suuchimchadaaniki vaatini saadhaaranamgaa maarustaayi (anjoorapu bomma. 1). pitch la yokka sheeghra anchanaanu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki, sentla suuchanalanu jodinchavachhu (udhaa.zii. krindiki mariyu painiki sambandhita pramaadavasaattu kante ekkuva vichalanalu). saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche sampradaayam emitante, sentu vichalanalu chadunaina, sahajamaina ledhaa padunaina soochinche "tempered pitch" nuu suuchistaayi. sangnaamaanam kosam puurti puraanam mariyu faantlu (namuunaalanu chudandi) open soars mariyu plainsound music edition website nundi andubaatulo unnaayi. udaaharanaku, c paie pythagarian majer moodavadi c-e ayithe kevalam majer moodavadi c-e Â (anjoorapu bomma chudandi. 4 "mishrama" chihnaniki)
sagittal sangnaamaanam (latin "sagitta", "baanam" nundi) anedi baanam lanty pramaadavasaattu erpade oka vyavastha, idhi pythagarian shrenilo pradhana-sankhya alpavirama maarpulanu suuchistumdi. idhi kevalam swaram mariyu samaana swabhaavam rendintinee suuchimchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi. chihnam yokka parimaanam maarpu yokka parimaanaanni suuchistumdi.
atuvanti sangnaamaana vyavasthala yokka goppa prayojanam emitante avi sahaja harmonic shrenini khachitamgaa suuchimchadaaniki anumatistaayi. adhe samayamlo, vaaru tama staff sangnaamaanaanni podiginchadam dwara kontavaraku aacharanaatmakatanu andistaaru, endukante saampradayakamgaa sikshana pondina pradarsakulu pitch ettunu sumaruga anchanaa vaeyadaaniki vaari antar drushtini aakarshinchavacchu. rendu swaraalu ververugaa unde parimaanam mariyu maarpu yokka "dhisha" chaalaa mandhi sangeetakaarulaku ventane spashtamgaa kanipinchani swaraalanu suuchimchadaaniki nishpattula yokka marinta nairoopya upayogamtho idhi viruddhamgaa undavacchu. oka heccharika emitante, pradarsakulu (pedda) sankhyalo kotta graphical chihnalanu neerchukoevadam mariyu antargatamgaa marchadam avasaram. ayithe, pratyaekamaina chihnala vadakam harmonic aspashtatanu mariyu sentu vichalnalanu matrame soochinchadam valla talette sambhaavya gandaragolaanni taggistundi.

