genome architecture mapping

molecular biologylo, genome architecture mapping (gaam) anedi bandhana swatantra paddhatiloo collocalised dna praantaalanu mapp cheyadaaniki oka cryosection paddhati. idhi chromosome conformation capture capture yokka konni parimitulanu adhigamistundi, endukante eee paddhatulu paraspara charya chese dna vibhaagaalanu sangrahinchadaaniki jeernakriya mariyu bandhanampai aadhaarapadataayi. game anedi bandhanam lekunda enni janyu sthaanaala madhya trimiteeya saameepyaalanu sangrahinchadaaniki modati janyu-vistruta paddhati.
paina perkonna cryosection paddhatini upayoginchi kanipinche vibhaagaalanu nuclear profiles anie pilustaaru. vaaru andinche samacharam janyuvu antataa vaari kavarejeeki sambandhinchinadi. janyuvulo anhu profiles unikini soochinche pedda viluvala samitini utpatti cheyavachu. janyuvu antataa coverage entha peddadi ledhaa chinnadi anae daani aadhaaramgaa, chromatin paraspara charyalu, nucleus lopala nuclear profile sthaanam cryosection cheyabadi, chromatin sampeedana sthaayilatho kuudina teerpulu cheyavachu.
eee samacharanni drushyamaanam cheyagaligela, oka genomic vindolo anhu profile kanugonabaddaya ledhaa anie choopinche pattika icchina mudi daetaanu upayoginchi konni paddhatulanu amalu cheyavachu, genomic vindos oka nirdishta chromosome lopala suuchimchabadataayi. oka kitikee lopala gurtimpunu soochinche 1 mariyu yea gurtimpunu suuchimchani 0 thoo, dayta yokka upasamitulanu graphs, chaartlu, heatmaplu mariyu itara visualization paddhatulanu srushtinchadam dwara pondavacchu mariyu ardham chesukovacchu, ivi eee upasamitulanu binary gurtinche paddhatulu kakunda itara margallo chuudataaniki anumatistaayi. cryojectiontho pondina daetaanu ardham chesukovadaniki marinta graphic vidhananni upayoginchadam dwara, intaku mundu chuudani paraspara charyalanu chudatam saadhyamavutundi.
eee drushyaalanu elaa ardham chesukogalamo konni udaaharanalalo radial sthaanam mariyu nuclear profiles yokka chromatin sampeedana sthaayilanu choopinche baar graphlu unnaayi, janyuparamaina vindolo anhu profile entha tarachugaa kanugonabaddayo saadhaaraneekarana ivvadaaniki vaatini vargaluga vibhajinchavachhu. radar chaart anedi aneka chararaasulaloo sambhavinche saataalanu soochinche vruttaakaara graph. janyu samacharam yokka ardhamlo, janyu pataalu konni praantaalalo bhaagamaina janyuvu yokka "lakshanaalalo" janyu kitikeelu elaa praatinidhyam vahistaayo choopinchadaaniki radar patalanu upayoginchavacchu. anhu profiles yokka samuuhaalanu okadaanitoe okati poolchadaaniki eee patalanu tayaaru cheyavachu mariyu eee lakshanaalalo avi elaa sambhavistaayane daanilo vaati thedaalu graphicalga chuupabadataayi. heatmaplu anedi drushya praatinidhyam yokka maroka roopam, ikkada pattikalooni vyaktigata viluvalu vaati viluva aadhaaramgaa vividha rangulanu teesukune kanaala dwara chuupabadataayi. idhi saaruupya rangula samuuhaala pradarsana ledhaa rangula korata dwara pattikalo pokadalanu chuudataaniki anumatistundi.
kudivaipu unna heat mapp lekkinchina juckard suuchika aadhaaramgaa anhu profile madhya sambandhaanni suuchistumdi, ikkada 0-1 nundi viluvalu rendu anhu profile madhya saaruupyata yokka degree. eee saaruupyatanu choopinchadam anedi janyuvulo konni anhu profiles samuuhaalu ekkada ekkuvagaa unnayo pradarsinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi. eee ushna patamlo vikarna tellani kanaala rekha anchanaa veyabadutundi endukante eee kanaalu anhu profile ekkada kalustayo suuchistaayi mariyu anduvalla okadaanikokati saadhyamainanta pooli untaayi, idhi vatiki 1 viluvanu istundi. kanaala tella vikarna rekhaku adanamgaa, itara telikapati rangu kanaala samuuhaanni ushna patam diguva kudivaipuna gamaninchavacchu. eee anhu profiles samuuham juckard suuchikanu upayoginchi adhika saaruupyatanu pradarsistundi. dheeni ardham anhu profile itarula kante ekkuva sankhyalo janyu kitikeello untaayi.
kudivaipuna unna baar graph radial sthaanam yokka vargaaniki chendina anhu profile saataanni suuchistumdi (5 balamgaa bhoomadhyarekha mariyu 1 balamgaa apikalgaa untundi). keey-means clustering paddhatini upayoginchi okadaanitoe okati saaruupyata aadhaaramgaa anhu profiles samuuhaanni lekkinchaaru. prakriyanu praarambhinchadaaniki, moodu anhu profile yaadrucchikamgaa samuuhaaniki 'kendraalu' gaa empika cheyabaddaayi. yaadrucchikamgaa kendraalanu enchukunna taruvaata, prati itara anhu profilenu lekkinchina dhoora viluvanu upayoginchi prati kendram nundi daani dhooram aadhaaramgaa oka samuuhaaniki ketayistaru. aaa tarvaata samuuhaanni merugga suuchimchadaaniki kotta kendraalanu enchukunnaaru. praarambhamlo unna kendraalu chivarilo unna kendraalato saripolenta varaku eee prakriya punaraavrutamaindi. cluster kendraalu maranappudu, saraina clusterlu enchukunnaayani ardham. eee samoohaalalo prati okkati anhu prophyllaku vaati radial sthaanam aadhaaramgaa 1 nundi 5 varaku viluva ivvabadutundi mariyu eee daetaanu drushyeekarana ivvadaaniki baar graphloki andistaaru.
kudivaipuna unna eee radar chaart eluka janyuvu yokka konni lakshanaalalo anhu profiles yokka 3 samuuhaala sambhavinche saataanni chooputundi. anhu profiles yokka radial sthaanaalanu choopinche baar graphku sambandhinchi paina vivarinchina keey-means clustering tekniknu upayoginchi anhu profiles yokka prati cluster lekkinchabadindi. samuuhaala madhya poolikalu cheyavachu mariyu avi okadaanikokati viruddhamgaa konni lakshanaalalo ekkuva ledhaa takkuva elaa kanipistaayi. oka nirdishta lakshanam lopala oka samuuhapu unikini lekkinchadaaniki, oka lakshanam lopala kanugonabadina vindolo anhu profile undaa anie nirnayinchabadutundi. oka samuuhamloo anhu profile entha tarachugaa sambhavistaayo oka lakshanam lopala kanugonabadina adhe kitikeello saatam radar chaart dwara pradarsinchabadutundi.
cryosection mariyu lazer microdisection.
drava natrajani gaddakattadaaniki mundu, anhu mariyu cellular nirmaanaanni samrakshinchadaaniki kathinamaina sthireekarana, sukroj-pbs draavanamthoo cryoprotection kaligi unna tokuyasu paddhati prakaram cryosections utpatti cheyabadataayi. genome architecture mappinglo, lazer microdisectionku mundu, genome yokka dayta topologyni anveshinchadaaniki sectioning anedi avasaramaina dasha. appudu lazer microdisection anedi DNA velikiteeta mariyu sequencing mundu prati nuclear profilenu vaeru cheyagaladu.
dayta vislaeshanha-bioinformatic tools.
games.
gamtools anedi robbert beegree abhivruddhi chesina genome architecture mapping dayta kosam software utilityla sekarana. gematoollanu nadapadaniki mundu mundu avasaram. eee programme kosam avasaramaina input faast kyuu formatlo untundi. eee software vividha rakaala lakshanaalanu kaligi undhi mariyu upayoginchadaaniki khachitamaina aadesaalu meeru daanitoe emi cheyalanukuntunnaro daanipai aadharapadi untaayi, ayithe chaalaa lakshanaalaku segregation tablenu roopondinchadam avasaram, kabatti chaalaa mandhi viniyogadaarulaku input daetaanu download cheyadam ledhaa srushtinchadam modati dasalu, mariyu sequence mapping nirvahinchandi. idhi oka vibhajana pattikanu utpatti chestundi, idhi krinda vivarinchina vividha itara karyakalapalanu nirvahinchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi. marinta samacharam kosam, gametuls documentation chudandi.
sequencing daetaanu mapping cheyandi.
mapping cheyadaaniki gamtools command gamtools proses _ npsnu upayoginchavacchu. idhi anhu profiles nundi mudi kramam daetaanu mapp chestundi. nps paie naanhyata niyantrana tanikheelu chese empikanu kooda gamtools andistundi. munupati aadesaaniki flag-c/--- do-qc nii jodinchadam dwara eee empikanu praarambhinchavacchu. naanhyata niyantrana tanikheeni praarambhinchinappudu, gametuls paelavamaina naanhyata gala anhu profilenu minahaayinchadaaniki prayatnistaayi.
vindos coll mariyu segregation table.
mapping puurtayina tarvaata, nepathya genome faillooni prati vindoku ativyaapti chendhe prati nuclear profile nundi chadive sankhyanu gamtools lekkistaayi. default vindo parimaanam 50 kb. idantaa adhe prakriya _ nps command dwara jarugutundi. dheeni taruvaata, idhi vibhajana pattikanu utpatti chestundi.
saameepya maatrikalanu utpatti chestundi.
eee prakriyaku command anedi gamtools matricks. input file anedi vindos calling dasha nundi lekkinchabadina segregation table. gamtools eee maatrikalanu normalised linkage discilibriumnu upayoginchi lekkistaayi, antey prati jatha kitikeelu oke enpi dwara ennisaarlu gurtinchabadatayo chustundi, aapai prati vindo anni nps antataa ennisaarlu kanugonabadindi anae daani aadhaaramgaa phalitaalanu normalize chestundi. diguva chitram gamtools upayoginchi utpatti cheyabadina saameepya maatrika ushna pataniki udaaharananu chooputundi.
chromatin sampeedanaanni lekkinchadam.
chromatin sampeedana anchanaanu lekkinchadaaniki gamtools command gamtools sampeedanaanni upayoginchavacchu. sampeedana anedi janyuvu entha peddado soochinche janyuvuku ketaayinchina viluva. sampeedana sthaayi locus valuemku vilomaanupaatamlo untundi. takkuva parimaanam kaligina janyu lokey adhika sthaayi sampeedanaanni kaligi untundani, adhika parimaanam kaligina lokey takkuva sthaayi sampeedanaanni kaligi untundani chebutaaru. chitramlo chuupinatlugaa, takkuva sampeedana sthaayi unna lokey cryosection mukkala dwara marinta tarachugaa kalustundi. aneka anhu profilelo daani gurtimpu pounahpunyam aadhaaramgaa prati sthaanaaniki sampeedana viluvanu ketaayinchadaaniki gamtools eee samacharanni upayogistaayi. eee sthaanaala sampeedana raetu sthiramgaa undadu, mariyu kanam yokka jeevitaantam nirantaram maarutundi. aaa janyuvu churukuga unnappudu janyu loki dii-compact ayi untundani bhaavistaaru. idhi oka parisoedhakudini gamtools dayta phalitaalanu upayoginchi, kanamlo prastutam yea janyuvulu churukuga unnayane daani gurinchi oohinchataaniki anumatistundi. takkuva sampeedanamtho kuudina locus kooda transcriptional kaaryakalaapaalaku sambandhinchinadigaa bhaavinchabadutundi. sampeedana aadesam yokka samaya-sanklishtata "o" ("m" × "n"), ikkada janyu kitikeelu sankhya, mariyu anhu profile sankhya.
radial sthaanaanni lekkinchadam.
nps yokka radial sthaanaanni lekkinchadaaniki gaamtoollanu upayoginchavacchu. oka enpi yokka radial sthaanam anedi bhoomadhyarekha ledhaa kendrakam nundi aaa enpi entha daggaragaa ledhaa chaalaa dhooramlo undho koliche kolata. kendrakam yokka kendraaniki daggaragaa unde npsnu bhoomadhyarekhagaa pariganistaaru, ayithe kendrakam yokka anchuku daggaragaa unde npsnu apikalgaa pariganistaaru. radial positioningnu lekkinchadaaniki gamtools command anedi gamtools radial _ pose. dheeniki meeru gatamlo segregation tablenu roopondinchaalsi untundi. icchina chromatin praantaanni kaligi unna nps sagatu parimaanam nundi radial sthaanam anchanaa veyabadindi. paridhiki daggaragaa unde chromatin saadhaaranamgaa chinna, marinta apical nps dwara kalustundi, ayithe central chromatin pedda, bhoomadhyarekha nps dwara kalustundi.
prati enpe parimaanaanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki, prati enpe soe kitikeela sankhyanu gamtools chustayi, endukante ekkuva kitikeelu chusina nps parimaanamlo peddadigaa bhaavinchavachchu. idhi chromatin sampeedanaanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki upayoginche paddhatini chaalaa pooli untundi. kudivaipu unna chitram sampeedana ledhaa radial sthaanaanni nirnayinchadaaniki, vaalyuumnu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki prati enpi yokka gurtimpu retunu gamtools elaa chustayo vivaristundi. manam modati enpeeni pariseelisthe, adhi moodu kitikeelanu kalustundani manam chustamu, kabatti idhi atipedda nps loe okati anie manam anchanaa veyavachu. rendava enpi moodu kitikeello rendintini chhedistundi, kabatti idhi modati enpi kante chinnadani manam anchanaa veyavachu. moodava enpi moodu kitikeello okadaanni matrame chhedistundi, kabatti idhi atichinna enpi anie manam anchanaa veyavachu. ippudu prati enpi parimaanam yokka anchanaa manaku undhi, manam radial sthaanaanni anchanaa veyavachu. pedda enpeelu marinta bhoomadhyarekha anie manam bhaavisthe, modati enpe atyanta bhoomadhyarekha anie, rendava enpe rendava atyanta bhoomadhyarekha anie, mariyu moodava enpe atyanta apical anie manam kanugontamu.
nps jabita yokka radial sthaanaanni elaa lekkinchavachho vivarinche konni sudocode ikkada undih
eee sudocode 0-1 madhya radial sthaanaala jaabitaanu srushtistundi, idhi radial sthaanam yokka anchanaanu andistundi, ikkada 1 atyanta bhoomadhyarekha mariyu 0 atyanta apical. eee sudocode yokka samaya sanklishtata o (n * m), ikkada n anedi nps sankhya mariyu m anedi vindola sankhya. modati loop n itareshanla dwara velutundi, mariyu idhi m itareshanla dwara vellae lopali loopnu kaligi untundi, antey loop kosam samayam sanklishtata o (n * m). loop kosam rendavadi n punaraavruttulanu kaligi untundi, kabatti dheeniki samaya sanklishtata o (n) untundi. anduvalla, eee code yokka mottam samaya sanklishtata o (n * m + n), dheenini o (n * m) kii tagginchavachhu.
dayta vislaeshanha paddhatulu.
sameeksha.
paie flochart game vislaeshanha nundi daetaanu elaa pondavachane saadhaarana prakriyanu chooputundi. vruttaalu nirvahinchagala prakriyalanu suuchistaayi, mariyu chaturasraalu dayta mukkalanu suuchistaayi.
game vislaeshanha yokka modati dasha cryosection mariyu kanaala pareeksha. eee prakriya phalitamgaa nucleus sliesla (nuclear profiles) sekarana jarugutundi, indulo DNA (genomic vindos) mukkalu untaayi. eee anhu profile appudu pariseelinchabadataayi, tadwara vibhajana pattika yerpadavachhu. vaerpaatuvaada pattikalu aata vislaeshanhaku punaadi. prati anhu profile yea janyu sthaanam kanipistundo vivarinche samacharanni avi kaligi untaayi.
krinda ivvani dayta vislaeshanhaku udaaharana clustering avutundi. udaaharanaku, ilanti janyu sthaanaanni kaligi unna anhu profilenu keey-means clustering ledhaa kontha vaividhyam dwara kalisi cluster cheyavachu. keey-means eee pratyeka samasyaku baga panichestundi, idhi prati anhu profilenu saaruupyata kolata prakaram cluster chestundi, conny dheeniki lopaalu kooda unnaayi. k-means clustering yokka samaya sanklishtata o (tknd), ikkada "t" anedi punaraavruttula sankhya, "k" antey saadhanaala sankhya, "n" anedi dayta paayintla sankhya, mariyu "d" anedi prati dayta paayintku kolatala sankhya. atuvanti sanklishtata daanini kathinamgaa chestundi. anduvalla, idhi pedda dayta setlaku baga saripodu mariyu dayta upasamitulaku marinta anukuulamgaa untundi.
marinta vislaeshanha kosam, gametuls upayoginchavacchu. gamtools anedi software tools yokka suut, idhi segregation table nundi daetaanu extrapolate cheyadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi, veetilo konni phalitaalu krinda charchinchabadataayi.
oke anhu profile rendu janyu sthaanaalu entha tarachugaa kalisi kanipistayo gamaninchadam dwara cossegrigation ledhaa linkagenu nirnayinchavacchu. eee dayta dayta pradaesamloe yea lokey bhouthikamgaa okadaanikokati daggaragaa undho, mariyu yea lokey kramam tappakunda okadaanitoe okati sankarshana chendutundo choopinchagaladu, idhi dna transcription vivarinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi.
slies anedi janyu sthaanam madhya nirdishta paraspara charyalanu anchanaa vese paddhati. idhi cossegrigation dayta nundi pondina ganaanka daetaanu upayogistundi.
chivaraku, graph vislaeshanhanu communitylanu gurtinchadaaniki segregation tableku vartimpajeyavachu. samuuhaalanu samuuhaala dwara aneka margallo nirvachinchavacchu, conny eee vyaasamlo, samaja vislaeshanha kendrikaranapai drushti saaristundi. kendrikruta-aadhaarita sanghaalanu pramukhulaku mariyu soshal media networklo vaari abhimanulaku saruupyamgaa bhaavinchavachchu. abhimanulu okaritho okaru ekkuvagaa sambhashinchakapovachhu, conny vaaru "center" ayina pramukhulatho sambhaashistaaru."
degree centrality, igenvector centrality mariyu madhya centralitytho sahaa parimitam kakunda aneka rakaala centralitylu unnaayi, ivanni vividha communitylanu nirvachinchadaaniki daariteeyavachchu. gamaninchadagga vishayam emitante, paina perkonna maa soshal network saaruupyataloo, igenvector kendrikarana khachitamainadi kakapovachhu endukante chaalaa mandhi pramukhulanu anusarinche oka vyaktiki vaaripai etuvanti prabhavam undakapovachhu. aaa sandarbhamlo, graphnu nirdesinchinatlugaa chudavachu. game vislaeshanhaloo, graph daari mallinchabadadani saadhaaranamgaa bhaavinchabadutundi, tadwara igenvector kendraanni upayogiste adhi khachitamainadigaa untundi. click mariyu centrality gananalu rendoo gananaparamgaa sanklishtamainavi. paina perkonna clustering maadirigaane, avi pedda samasyalaku baga saripovu.
mukkalu.
slies (koo-segregation yokka ganaanka anchanaa) game dayta vislaeshanhaloo keelaka paatra poeshistumdi. idhi marrio nikodemi prayogasaalalo abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, idhi game cossegrigation dayta nundi lokey madhya atyanta nirdishta paraspara charyalanu gurtinchadaaniki ganita namuunaanu andistundi. idhi icchina samayamlo prati jatha sthaanaaniki nirdishta paraspara charya nishpattini anchanaa vestundi. idhi oka rakamaina sambhaavyata paddhati. slies yokka modati dasha game nuclear profiles yokka anchanaa nishpatti yokka paniteerunu andinchadam. appudu prayogaatmaka daetaanu vivarinchadaaniki uttama sambhaavyata phalitaanni kanugonandi.
slies modal.
slies modal anedi paraspara charya cheyani sthaanam yokka sambhaavyata adhe anhu profile padee sambhaavyata oohinchadaginadi anae parikalpanapai aadharapadi untundi. sambhaavyata eee sthaanaala doorampai aadharapadi untundi.
slies modal oka jatha lokini rendu rakaluga pariganistundihi okati paraspara charya, marokati paraspara charya cheyakapovadam. parikalpana prakaram, anhu profile sthithi yokka nishpattulanu ganita vislaeshanha dwara anchanaa veyavachu. paraspara sambhaavyata yokka functionnu pondadam dwara, eee game daetaanu pramukha paraspara charyalanu kanugonadaaniki mariyu game yokka sunnitatvaanni anveshinchadaaniki kooda upayoginchavacchu.
oke anhu profile pampineeni lekkinchandi.
oka jatha loki anedi kana janabhalo paraspara charya ledhaa paraspara charya kaanidigaa slies pariganistundi. eee ganana yokka modati dasha oke sthaanaanni vivarinchadam. oka jatha lokey, mariyu, rendu saadhyamaina sthithulanu kaligi undavachuhu okati adhi mariyu okadaanitoe okati paraspara charyalu undavu. marokati vaaru kaligi unnaaru. modati samasya emitante, anhu profile oke lokasnu kanugonavacchu.
ganita vyakteekarana ilaa untundih
oke sthaana sambhaavyata suutram _ 1
- <suutram _ 2> nuclear profile locus kanipinche sambhaavyata.
- <suutram _ 3> suutram _ 4 <suutram _ 2> nuclear profile locus kanipinchakapovacchu.
- <suutram _ 2> = suutram _ 7
sagatu anhu vyaasaartham anchanaa.
paina perkonna sameekaranam prakaram, anhu parimaanam gananaku avasaramaina viluva. eee anhu profiles yokka trijyaanni anhu vyaasaarthaanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki upayoginchavacchu. vyaasaartham kosam slies anchanaa maante kaarlo anukaranalatho saripolutundi (asalu rachayita kaagitamlo bomma yokka licenses pondina tarvaata eee dasha gurinchi marinta vivaralu naveekarinchabadataayi.). anchanaa vyaasaartham phalitamgaa, paraspara charya cheyani sthithilo rendu sthaanaala sambhaavyata mariyu paraspara charya chese sthithilo eee rendu sthaanaala sambhaavyatanu anchanaa veyavachu.
ikkada paraspara charya cheyani ganita vyakteekarana undih
<suutram _ 8>, i = 0,1,2 suchistundihi sankarshana chendani sthaanam yokka jatha yokka 0,1 ledhaa 2 sthaanaanni kanugonandi.
paraspara charya cheyani sthithilo rendu sthaanaalu suutram _ 8
suutram _ 10
ikkada paraspara charya yokka ganita vyakteekarana undih
rendu sthaana paraspara charya sthithi yokka anchanah suutram _ 11 sambhaavyata
suutram _ 12 ~ suutram _ 13, suutram _ 14 ~ 0, suutram _ 15 ~ suutram _ 16
oke anhu profile lokey jatala sambhaavyatanu lekkinchandi.
munupati prakriyala phalitaalato, oka anhu profile oka jatha lokey sambhavinche sambhaavyatanu ganaanka paddhati dwara lekkinchavacchu. oka jatha lokey moodu ververu rashtraallo undavacchu. vaatilo prati okkati suutram _ 17 yokka sambhaavyatanu kaligi untundi.
oke anhu profile lokey jatala sambhavinche sambhaavyata suutram _ 18
suutram _ 19: rendu jatala lokeela sambhaavyata paraspara charya sthithilo untundi;
suutram _ 20: okadaani sambhaavyata marokadaanito sankarshana chendutundi, conny marokati sankarshana chendadu;
suutram _ 21: rendinti paraspara charya jaragani sambhaavyata.
ganaanka vislaeshanha mukka
suutram _ 22
suutram _ 23
suutram _ 24 suchistundihi sankhya i anedi a kosam. sankhya zhe anedi bii kosam.(i mariyu j luu 0,1 ledhaa 2 sthaanaalaku samanam).
gurtinche saamarthyam.
prayogaala sankhya parimitam kabatti, kontha gurtimpu saamarthyam undaali. gurtinche saamarthyaanni parigananaloki teesukunte adanapu samasyalaku anugunamgaa eee slies modalnu vistarinchavacchu. ganana phalitaanni meruguparachadaaniki idhi oka ganaanka paddhati. eee bhaagamlo, game dayta rendu rakaluga vibhajinchabadindih okati slies looni locus prayogaalalo kanugonabadindi, mariyu marokati slies looni locus prayogaalalo kanugonabadaledu.
jatala paraspara sambhaavyatanu anchanaa veyadam.
anchanaa vesina gurtimpu saamarthyam mariyu suutram _ 25 yokka munupati sambhaavyata aadhaaramgaa, jatala paraspara sambhaavyatanu lekkinchavacchu. tadupari taram sequencing dwara lokeeni gurtistaaru.
saha-vibhajana mariyu saadhaarana anusandhanam.
janyuvunu mapp chesetappudu, meeru janyuvu yokka vividha janyu kitikeelu mariyu anhu profiles (nps) loe saha-vibajananu chudavachu. kanajaalaala mukkalu mariyu namuunaalanu teesukovadam valla anhu profile mariyu janyuvulo kanipinche kitikee shrenulu labhistaayi. eee sandarbhamlo saha-vibhajana anedi janyuvulo perkonna kitikeelu, alaage anusandhaana asamatulyata mariyu saadhaarana anusandhaana asamatulyata madhya sambandhaanni gurtinchadam. saha-vibhajana mariyu anusandhananni lekkinchadamlo oka dasha prati vindo yokka gurtinche frequencini kanugonadam. gurtinche pounahpunyam anedi perkonna vindolo unna nps sankhyanu mottam nps sankhyatho vibhajinchadam. lekkinchina prati viluvalu janyuvunu vislaeshimchadaaniki mukhyamaina thedaalu mariyu ganaamkaalanu gurtistaayi. saadhaarana anusandhaana asamatulyata anedi antima ganana, idhi janyu kitikeelu madhya nijamaina sambandhaanni nirnayistundi. prati viluvanu lekkinchina tarvaata prati phalitam janyuvulo prati nirdishta vindoku saadhaarana anusandhaana samatulyatanu lekkinchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi. saadhaarana anusandhaana viluva 1 mariyu-1 madhya undavacchu, 1 antey rendinti madhya anusandhanam ekkuvagaa untundi, mariyu 1 kante takkuva anusandhanam takkuvagaa untundi. prati kitikeeni oka chaart ledhaa matricks loki saadhaarana anusandhaana viluvanu kalapadam valana janyuvunu heat mapp ledhaa maroka graph upayoginchi mapp chesi vislaeshimchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. tadupari vibhaagamlo charchinchabadina kendrikarana mariyu community detection vanti tadupari gananalu mariyu vislaeshanha kosam saha-vibhajana mariyu saadhaaraneekarinchina anusandhaana viluvalanu kooda upayoginchavacchu.
kitikeelu yokka saha-vibhajana mariyu anusandhanalanu kanugonadaaniki, eee krindi gananalanu puurti cheyali gurtinche pounahpunyam, saha-vibhajana, anusandhanam mariyu saadhaaraneekarinchina anusandhanam.
anusandhanam mariyu pounahpunyaalanu lekkinchadam.
paina charchinchina prati ganana dasha krindi pattikalo pradarsinchabadutundi mariyu vivarinchabadindi.
saadhaarana anusandhananni pradarsistundi.
munupati dasalo anni ganana dasalu puurtayina tarvaata, oka maatrukanu srushtinchi, aapai mapp cheyavachu. oka janyuvulo perkonna 81 kitikeela samitilo, oka saadhaarana linkejeeni 81 bye 81 parimaanamlo unna oka maatrukalo nimpavacchu. dheeniki kaaranam prati kitikeeni daanitoe mariyu prati itara vindoku polchi, anni saadhaarana linkeji viluvalanu lekkinchadam. prati vindo yokka anusandhanam lekkinchabadinanduna, viluvanu matrickslo daani perkonna sthaanaaniki choppinchaali. udaaharanaku, modati mariyu rendava vindo madhya poolika unte, anusandhaana viluva modati niluvu varusalo mariyu maatruka yokka rendava varusalo unchabadutundi. eee parimaanam yokka maatruka nundi utpatti cheyabadina ushna patam yokka udaaharana krinda choopabadindi.
normalised linkage matricks nundi pradarsinchabade heatmapnu vislaeshimchaetappudu, prati block yokka rangulu keelakam. paina perkonna udaaharana heatmapnu choosthe, 1.00 linkage viluva heatmap lopala prakaasavantamaina pasupu ranguku anugunamgaa untundani puraanam suuchistumdi. idhi atyadhika anusandhaana viluva, idhi prati kitikee thanatho polchabadina maploni pasupu blackla vikarna rekhalo choopabadindi. eee puraanam mariyu heatmap rangu aadhaaramgaa linkejeelanu choopinchadaaniki anumatistundi, idhi maatrukalo modati mariyu chivari konni kitikeela madhya takkuva sthaayi anusandhanam undani choopistundi, ikkada neelam/aakupaccha rangu untundi. janyuvulooni nirdishta vindolaloni prati vindo madhya anusandhaana viluvalanu vislaeshimchadaaniki heat mapp sulabhamaina mariyu spashtamaina margalalo okati. eee utpatti cheyabadina heat mapp mariyu okasari srushtinchabadina normalised linkage matricksnu krinda vivarinchina vidhamgaa marinta vislaeshanha kosam upayoginchavacchu.
graph vislaeshanha vidhanam.
lakshya janyu kitikeelu annintinee cossegrigation chesina tarvaata, kitikeelu samiti lopala sambandhita upasamitulu ledhaa "communitylu" nuu graph vislaeshanha dwara anchanaa veyavachu.
oka anubandha (graph) maatrukanu pondadam.
okasari cossegrigation matricks sthaapinchabadina tarvaata, graphnu suuchimchadaaniki daanini prakkane unna matrixga marche prakriya saapekshamgaa sulabhamaina prakriya. cossegrigation matricks yokka prati selnu 0.0 mariyu 1 madhya unna parimiti viluvatho polchali. graph yokka kaavalasina nirdishtatanu batti eee viluvanu sardubaatu cheyavachu. adhika viluvanu parimitigaa enchukunte, graph saadhaaranamgaa takkuva anchulanu kaligi untundi, endukante adhika parimitulaku rendu kitikeelu balamgaa anusandhaaninchabadaali. takkuva viluvanu enchukunte, graph saadhaaranamgaa ekkuva anchulanu kaligi untundi, endukante kitikeelu anchugaa vargeekarinchadaaniki balamgaa anusandhaaninchaalsina avasaram undadu. eee viluvanu sett cheyadaaniki sahetukamaina prarambha sthaanam cossegrigation graph yokka sagatu viluva. ayithe, saadhaarana sagatu upayoginchinatlayithe, appudu parimiti uddesinchina daanikante ekkuvagaa undavacchu. endukante edainaa vindo yokka cossegrigation viluva 1 viluva untundi. endukante nirminchabadutunna adjussency matricks reflexive kaanidi, antey oka vindo daanitoe oka anchunu panchukodu, adjussency yokka vikarnam anni sunnaluga undaali, mariyu cossegrigation matricks yokka vikarnam sambandhitamgaa undadu. dheenini bharti cheyadaaniki, sagatunu saadhaaraneekarinchadaaniki cossegrigation matricks yokka vikarnam venta viluvalanu tagginchavachhu. eee sardubaatu yokka prabhavanni chuudataaniki, jatacheyabadina sankhyanu chudandi.
okasari parimiti viluvanu sett chesina tarvaata, anuvaadam chaalaa pratyakshamgaa maarutundi. cossegrigation matricks yokka sell pradhana vikarnam venta unte, mundu paerkonnatlugaa daani anubandha matricks loe daani sambandhita sell 0 avutundi. lekapothe, idhi parimititoe polchabadutundi. viluva parimiti kante takkuvagaa unte, appudu prakkane unna maatrukaloni sambandhita kanam 0 avutundi, lekapothe adhi 1 avutundi. 
kitikeelu yokka kendrabinduvunu anchanaa veyandi.
okasari prakkane unna matricks sthaapinchabadina tarvaata, kitikeelanu aneka vibhina kendra kolatala dwara anchanaa veyavachu. atuvanti kolatalo okati degree centrality. graph yokka icchina node (janyu kitikeello okati) yokka anchula sankhyanu mottam nodes sankhya mainus oka parimaanamtho vibhajinchadam dwara degree kendrakatvaanni lekkistaaru. eee ganana yokka udaaharana kosam cherchabadina sankhyanu chudandi. oka node yokka kendrikarana anedi daani saapekshamgaa adhika mottamlo connectionla aadhaaramgaa datasetlo balamaina prabhavanni chuupagala aaa vyaktigata node yokka sambhaavyataku manchi suuchika kaavacchu.
community gurtimpu.
kendrikarana viluvalu lekkinchabadina tarvaata, dayta yokka sambandhita upasamitulanu oohinchadam saadhyamavutundi. dayta yokka eee sambandhita upasamitulanu "communitylu" anie pilustaaru, ivi detaalo samuuhaalu, ivi lopala daggaragaa anusandhaaninchabadi untaayi, conny bayati migilina detatho antha daggaragaa anusandhaaninchabadavu. saamaajika madhyamam mariyu saamaajika anusandhaanaala mappingku sambandhinchi samajanni gurtinchadam yokka atyanta saadhaarana anuvartanaallo okati, idhi janyu paraspara charyala vanti samasyalaku vartinchavachhu.
communitylanu sumaruga anchanaa vaeyadaaniki saapekshamgaa saralamaina paddhati emitante, degree centrality vanti centrality charyala aadhaaramgaa aneka mukhyamaina nodesnu verucheyadam, aapai vaati nundi communitylanu nirminchadam. oka node yokka community daaniki ventane anusandhaaninchabadina nodes yokka puurti samiti, alaage node kooda untundi. udaaharanaku, edama vaipuna unna chitramlo, node chuttoo unna community graph yokka naalugu nodesga untundi, ayithe community kevalam nodes mariyu nodesga untundi. janyu kitikeelloni sanghaalanu gurtinchadam sambhaavya chromatin paraspara charyalanu ledhaa gatamlo oohinchani ledhaa ardham chesukoni itara paraspara charyalanu highlight cheyavachu mariyu tadupari adhyayanaaniki lakshyanni andinchavacchu.
prayojanaalu.
prayojanaalu aadhaarita paddhathulatho poliste, game moodu mukhya prayojanaalanu andistundi.

