
alabaster

alabaster anedi mruduvaina khanijam ledhaa raathi, tarachugaa chekkadaaniki upayogistaaru, mariyu plaastar pouder kosam proses cheyabadutundi. puraavastu saastravettalu mariyu raathi prosessing parisrama eee padaanni bhuuvignaana saastravettala nundi bhinnamgaa upayogistaaru. modatidi dheenini vistruta konamlo upayogistundi, indulo rendu ververu khanijala rakalu unnaih suukshma-dhaanyaala bhaarii rakam gypsum mariyu suukshma-dhaanyaala banded rakam calcit. bhoogarbha saastravettalu alabasternu gypsum rakamgaa matrame nirvachinchaaru. rasaayanikamgaa, gypsum anedi calcium yokka hydrus sulfate, ayithe calcite anedi calcium yokka carbonate.
rendu rakaala alabasterlu oke vidhamaina lakshanaalanu kaligi untaayi. avi saadhaaranamgaa telikapati rangulo, apaaradarsakamgaa mariyu mruduvaina raallugaa untaayi. avi charitra antataa pradhanamgaa alankaara kalakhandalanu chekkadaaniki upayoginchabaddaayi.
calcit rakanni "onix-marble", "egyptian alabaster" mariyu "oriental alabaster" anie kooda suuchistaaru mariyu bhougolikamgaa compact banded travertine ledhaa "cream mariyu godhuma rangu yokka tirugutunna byaandla namuunaalatoe gurtinchabadina stalagmitic sunnapurayi" gaa varninchabadindi. "onix-marble" anedi oka saampradaaya, conny bhougolikamgaa sarikani paeru, endukante onix mariyu palarayi rendintikee bhougolika nirvachanalu unnaayi, ivi "alabaster" yokka vistruta nirvachanam nundi kooda bhinnamgaa untaayi.
saadhaaranamgaa, puraatana alabaster anedi eejipt mariyu mesopotamiatho sahaa vistruta madhyapraachyamlo calcite, ayithe idhi madhyayuga airopalo gypsum. aadhunika alabaster chaalaa matuku calcite kaavacchu conny adhi kaavacchu. rendoo pani cheyadam sulabham mariyu neetilo koddigaa karugutaayi. avi vividha rakaala indor kalaakrutulu mariyu chekkadalu cheyadaaniki upayoginchabadutunnaayi, endukante avi ekkuva kaalam bayata manugada saaginchavu.
rendu rakalu vaati ververu kaatinyaala dwara sulabhamgaa vaeru cheyabadataayih gypsum alabaster (mohs kaatinyam 1.5 nundi 2) chaalaa mruduvainadi, oka velugollu daanini geeyagalavu, ayithe calcit (mohs kaatinyam 3) eee vidhamgaa geeyabadadu conny kattiki digubadi istundi. antekakunda, carbonate ayina calcit alabaster, hydrochloric aamlamtho chikitsa chesinappudu kaarutundi, ayithe gypsum alabaster dadapuga prabhaavitam kakunda untundi.
vyutpatti.
alabaster" yokka muulam madhya aanglamlo paatha french "" 'dwara, latin ""' "" nundi udbhavinchindi, mariyu greeku "" "" ("" "") ledhaa "" "" ("" "") nundi udbhavinchindi ". greeku padaalu alabaster yokka vaasenu suuchistaayi.
eee paeru puraatana eejiptu nundi marinta udbhavinchi undavacchu, "idhi eejiptu devata butta yokka naalaalanu suuchistumdi. aame simhikagaa praatinidhyam vahinchabadindi mariyu eee alabaster naalaala paina unchina bommallo tarachugaa chithreekarinchabadindi. praacheena roman rachayitalu pliny dhi elder mariyu tolemy "alabastra" anie piluvabade lepanam jaadi kosam upayoginche raayi egyptuloni alabastron ledhaa alabastrits anie piluvabade praantam nundi vachindani raasaaru.
lakshanaalu mariyu viniyogam.
swachchamaina alabaster anedi chakkati ekareeti dhanyam yokka manchu-telupu padaartham, conny idhi tarachugaa inumu oxidetho mudipadi untundi, idhi godhuma rangu meghalu mariyu raatilo siralanu utpatti chestundi. gypsum alabaster yokka mutaka rakalu calcination dwara plaastar off parisga maarchabadataayi, mariyu konnisaarlu veetini "plaastar stone" anie pilustaaru.
alabaster yokka mrudutvam daanini vistrutamaina roopaallo sulabhamgaa chekkadaaniki veelu kalpistundi, conny neetilo daani draavaneeyata daanini bahiranga paniki saripodu. mruduvaina, palish chesina uparitalamtho alabasternu dish washing dravamtho kadigiveste, adhi kathinamgaa, nistejamgaa mariyu tellagaa maarutundi, daani apaaradarsakata mariyu prakaasaanni kolpotundi. suukshmamaina rakaalaina alabasterlanu ekkuvagaa alankaara rayiga upayogistaaru, mukhyamgaa mataparamaina alankarana kosam mariyu metlu mariyu mandiraala pattaala kosam.
aadhunika prosessing.
pani paddhatulu.
alabaster tavvakam cheyabadutundi, aapai blaculuga alabaster varkshaaplaku vikrayinchabadutundi. akkada vaatini avasaramaina parimaanaaniki ("chaturasram") kattirinchi, aapai vividha paddhatulalo proses chestaru gundrani aakaaraala kosam oka laath aann chesi, trimiteeya silpaalugaa chekkabadi, takkuva upasamana bommalu ledhaa alankarananu utpatti cheyadaaniki kattirinchabadutundi; aapai daani paaradarsakata, rangu mariyu aakrutini velladinche vistrutamaina mugimpu ivvabadutundi.
palarayi anukarana.
alabaster yokka apaaradarsakatanu tagginchadaaniki mariyu nijamaina palarayi yokka apaaradarsakatanu suuchimchadaaniki, vigrahalanu neeti snaanamlo nimajjanam chesi, kramamga vaedi chestaaru-daadaapu marige binduvu varaku-chaalaa jaagratta avasaramayye operation, endukante ushnograta jagrattagaa niyantrinchabadakapothe, raayi chanipoyina-telupu, chaakutho kuudina roopaanni pondutundi. vaedi chese prabhavam gypsum yokka pakshika nirjaleekaranamgaa kanipistundi. sarigga chikitsa chesthe, idhi nijamaina palarayini chaalaa daggaragaa pooli untundi mariyu dheenini "marmo dii castellina" anie pilustaaru.
rangulu.
alabaster anedi oka randhra raayi mariyu satabdaalugaa upayoginche saanketikata, yea rangu ledhaa needalo ayina "rangu veyavachu". dheeni kosam raayini vividha varnadravyam draavanaalaloo puurtigaa munchi, nirdishta ushnogrataku vaedi cheyali. alabasternu maaruveshamlo unchadaaniki eee saanketikatanu upayoginchavacchu. eee vidhamgaa "alabaster pagadapu" anie piluvabade pagadapu chaalaa tappudova pattinche anukarana utpatti avutundi.
rakalu, sanghatana, charitra.
saadhaaranamgaa edainaa nirdishta saamskrutika vaataavaranamloo oke rakamaina shilpam matrame chekkabadutundi, conny konnisaarlu rendoo oke sthalamlo mariyu samayamlo saaruupya mukkalanu tayaaru cheyadaaniki pani cheyabaddaayi. kaamsya yugam nundi shaastreeya kaalam varaku cypresslo tayaaru chesina alabastron rakam yokka chinna flaskla vishayamlo idhi jarigindi.
vindo panels.
sannani palakalalo kattirinchinappudu, alabaster chinna kitikeelaku upayoginchenta apaaradarsakamgaa untundi. idhi byzantine charchilalo mariyu taruvaata madhyayuga charchilalo, mukhyamgaa italeelo eee prayojanam kosam upayoginchabadindi. aragonese gypsum alabaster yokka pedda sheetlanu maa laedii off dhi angels yokka samakaaleena cathedrallo vistrutamgaa upayogistaaru, dheenini 2002loe laas angels, california archdioses ankitam chesindi. charchi painulu vedekkakunda mariyu apaaradarsakamgaa marakunda nirodhinchadaaniki cathedral pratyeka sheetaleekarananu kaligi untundi. praacheenulu calcit rakanni upayoginchaaru, ayithe aadhunika laas angels cathedral gypsum alabasternu upayogistondi. uttara speyinlooni saadhaarana graama charchilu mariyu mathaalalo alabaster kitikeelaku aneka udaaharanalu kooda unnaayi.
calcit alabaster.
gypsum rakam kante kathinamaina calcit alabaster, pradhanamgaa puraatana eejipt mariyu vistruta madhyapraachyamlo upayoginche rakam (conny assyrian rajabhavanam upasamanaalu kaadu), mariyu aadhunika kaalamlo kooda upayoginchabadutundi. idhi naela mariyu sunnapurayi guhala godala nundi stalagmitic depositga ledhaa oka rakamaina travertainga kanipistundi, adevidhamgaa calory neeti buggalo jama cheyabadutundi. varusa poralalo daani nikshepana anedi palarayi tarachugaa cross-sectionlo choopinche banded roopaanni istundi, daani paeru daani nundi udbhavinchindihi onix-marble ledhaa alabaster-onix, ledhaa konnisaarlu kevalam (mariyu tappugaa) onix.
eejipt mariyu madhyaprachyam.
eejiptu alabaster suez mariyu assiut sameepamlo vistrutamgaa panicheesaaru.
eee raathi rakam puraatana egyptianlu mariyu baibil yokka "alabaster" mariyu dheenini tarachugaa "oriental alabaster" anie pilustaaru, endukante prarambha udaaharanalu suduura thoorpu nundi vachayi. greeku paeru "alabastrits" eejiptlooni alabastrone pattanam nundi udbhavinchindani chebutaaru, ikkada raayi travvabadindi. aaa praantam bahusha daani paerunu khanijaniki ivvalsi undhi; khanija paeru yokka muulam aspashtamgaa undhi (paina chusinappatiki).
oriental" alabaster chinna perfume seesaalu ledhaa alabastra anie piluvabade lepana kundeelapai tayaaru cheyadaaniki chaalaa gouravinchabadindi; eee paatra paeru khanija paeruku saadhyamayye muulamgaa soochinchabadindi. egyptulo, hastakalaakaarulu canopic jaadi mariyu vividha itara pavitra mariyu samadhi vastuvula kosam alabasternu upayoginchaaru. setty ii yokka savapetika, theebs sameepamlo athani samaadhilo kanugonabadindi, idhi landanlooni surr zaan soane museumlo pradarsinchabadindi; idhi alabastron nundi translucent calcit alabaster yokka oke blacklo chekkabadindi.
algerian onix-marble ekkuvagaa oraon provincelo travvabadindi.
puraatana ijrayello bayte shemesh sameepamlo kavalala guhaga piluvabade guhalo culcite alabaster travvakam jarigindi. heero thana rajabhavanalalo snanam cheyadaaniki eee alabasternu upayoginchaadu.
uttara america.
mexicolo, puebla sameepamloni tekali jillaalooni laa pedrara vadda sunnitamaina aakupaccha rakam yokka prasiddha niksheepaalu unnaayi. onix-marble tehuwacon jillaalo mariyu california, arizona, utah, kolarado mariyu virginiatho sahaa samyukta raashtraalloni aneka praantaalalo kooda sambhavistundi.
gypsum alabaster.
gypsum alabaster rendu rakaalalo mruduvainadi, marokati calcit alabaster. idhi pradhanamgaa madhyayuga airopalo upayoginchabadindi, mariyu aadhunika kaalamlo kooda upayoginchabadutundi.
thoorpu sameepamlo puraatana mariyu shaastreeya.
"mosul palarayi" anedi aadhunika iraq uttaraana kanipinche oka rakamaina gypsum alabaster, idhi cree. puu. 9va nundi 7va sataabdaala varaku assyrian rajabhavanam yokka shilpaala kosam upayoginchabadindi; ivi kramam tappakunda tayaaru cheyabadina atipedda rakamaina alabaster silpaalu. upasamanam chaalaa takkuvagaa undhi mariyu chekkadam vivaramgaa undhi, conny pedda gadulu ettaina chuttoo slablapy nirantara kuurpulatoe varusalo undevi. asharbanipal simha vaeta" mariyu sainika lachish silpaalu, 7va sataabdam mariyu british museumlo, baga telisinavi.
gypsum alabaster puraatana prapanchamlo, mukhyamgaa puraatana eejipt mariyu mesopotamialo, antargata upayogam kosam chinna shilpam kosam vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadindi. inumu ledhaa ukku sadhanalu lekunda aakarshanheeyamaina mugimputho kuudina padaarthamloo chakkati vivaraalanu pondavacchu. puraatana egyptianla samskrutilo devata baast yokka aaraadhanalo upayogam kosam ankitam cheyabadina naalaala kosam alabaster upayoginchabadindi, mariyu cree. puu. 4 va sahasraabdi chivarilo unna vaelaadi gypsum alabaster kalakhandalu kooda syrialoni tell brock (prastuta nagar) loe kanugonabaddayi.
mesopotamialo, gypsum alabaster anedi devalayalalo devatalu mariyu bhaktula bommalaku empika chese padaartham, idhi cree. puu. 3 va sahasraabdi modati ardhabhaagaaniki chendina devata abunu suuchistumdani nammutaaru mariyu prastutam newyorklo unchabadindi.
aragon, speyin.
prapanchamlooni alabaster velikiteetalo ekkuva bhaagam speyinlooni aragon looni ebro loya madhyalo nirvahinchabadutundi, idhi prapanchamlone atipedda dopideeki gurayye nikshaepaalanu kaligi undhi. aragon prabhutvam prachurinchina oka broacher prakaram, alabaster marekkadaina ksheeninchindi, ledhaa daani velikiteeta chaalaa kashtam, idhi dadapuga vadiliveyabadindi ledhaa chaalaa ekkuva kharchutho nirvahinchabadutundi. aragon loe rendu ververu pradaesaalu unnaayi, rendoo trutheeya pareevaahaka praantaalalo unnaayi. atyanta mukhyamaina pradaesam fuentes-azaila praantam, idhi trutheeya ebro pareevaahaka praantamloo undhi. marokati kalatayud-terrule pareevaahaka praantam, idhi iberian paridhini rendu pradhana rangaalalo (enn. doubleu mariyu seey) vibhajistundi.
aragonese alabaster samruddhi vaastusilpam, shilpam mariyu alankaranalo daani upayogam kosam keelakamainadi. roman puurva samskrutulu upayoginchinatlugaa etuvanti rikaardu ledhu, kabatti bahusha araganlo alabasternu upayoginchina modati vaaru romanlu, vaaru greeku mariyu eejiptu namuunaalanu anusarinchi alabaster nundi naalaalanu utpatti chesaaru. 3va sataabdamloo jaragojalo roman godanu alabastertho punarnirminchinappati nundi, eee padaartham yokka upayogam satabdaalugaa bhavanamlo saadhaaranam ayindani telustondi. muslim sarakusta (nedu, jaragoja) nuu "madeenaa alabaida" anie kooda pilustaaru, tellani nagaram, daani alabaster godalu mariyu rajabhavanala roopaanni batti, ivi thotalu, thotala mariyu pandla thotallo ebro mariyu hurwa nadula dwara pratyaekamgaa unnaayi.
alzaferia rajabhavanamloni puraatana avasheshaalu, raajadhaanulu, upasamanaalu mariyu saasanaalu vanti itara aasaktikaramaina amsaalatoe kalisi, alabasternu upayoginchi tayaaru cheyabaddaayi, ayithe punarujjeevanam yokka kalaatmaka mariyu aardhika vikasinchina samayamlone aragonese alabaster daani swarna yuganiki cherukundi. 16va sataabdamloo aragon looni shilpulu tama uttama rachanala kosam alabasternu enchukunnaaru. vaaru daani prakaasa lakshanaalanu upayoginchukovadamlo naipunhyam kaligi unnaaru mariyu saadhaaranamgaa cheppalante, puurtayina kalakhandalu vaati sahaja rangunu nilupukunnayi.
voltera (tuscany).
airopalo, nedu alabaster vaanijyaaniki italeelooni florence kendramgaa undhi. tuscon alabaster sunnapuraayilo ponduparachabadina nodular maas loe sambhavistundi, idhi miocene mariyu pleocene yugam yokka maarllatho parasparam vargeekarinchabadindi. khanijam ekkuvagaa voltera jillaalo bhoogarbha galleryla dwara pani cheyabadutundi. aneka rakalu gurtinchabaddaayi-siralu, macchala, meghalu, agatiform mariyu itarulu. uttamamaina rakam, pradhanamgaa castellina nundi pondabadutundi, bomma-shilpam kosam florensku pampabadutundi, ayithe saadhaarana rakalu sthaanikamgaa, kundeelapai, laitlalo mariyu vividha alankaara vastuvulalo chekkabadataayi. eee vastuvulu vistrutamaina vaanijya vastuvulu, mukhyamgaa florence, pisa mariyu livorno loe.
kristupurvam 3va sataabdamloo etruscanlu aadhunika voltera praantam nundi shavasamskaara kalasaalanu utpatti cheyadaaniki tuscany yokka alabasternu upayoginchaaru, bahusha greeku kalaakaarulu bodhinchaaru. madhya yugaalalo alabaster yokka hastakala daadaapu puurtigaa marchipoyindi. 16va sataabdam madhyalo punaruddharana praarambhamaindi, mariyu 17va sataabdam prarambham varaku alabaster pani khachitamgaa kalaatmakamgaa undedi mariyu pedda parisramanu roopondinchadaaniki vistarinchaledu.
17va mariyu 18va sataabdaalaloo kalaatmaka, adhika-naanhyata punarujjeevana-shaili kalakhandala utpatti puurtigaa aagipoyindi, vaati sthaanamlo takkuva adhunaatanamaina, choukaina vastuvulu pedda ettuna utpatti mariyu vaanijyaaniki baga saripothayi. kotta parisrama abhivruddhi chendindi, conny naipunhyam kaligina hastakalaakaarula avasaram taggadamtho koddimandi matrame inca pani chestu unnaaru. 19va sataabdam parisramaku oka vijrumbhananu teesukuvacchindi, ekkuvagaa "prayaaninchae chetivruttulavaaru" kaaranamgaa vaaru tama vastuvulanu airopa raajabhavanaalaku, alaage america mariyu thoorpuku andinchaaru.
19va sataabdamloo kotta prosessing saanketikata kooda pravesapettabadindi, idhi custom-maid, pratyaekamaina mukkala utpattiki, alaage itara padaarthaalatho alabaster kalayikaku veelu kalpinchindi. kottagaa abhivruddhi chendina hastakala kakunda, kalaatmaka pani mallee saadhyamaindi, pradhanamgaa volteron shilpi albino fanayoli chetha. swalpa maandyam taruvaata, bhaarii-utpatti paddhatiloo vyakteekarana shilpaala ammakam dwara parisrama mallee punaruddharinchabadindi, mariyu 1920laloe art deco shaililo paikappu mariyu goda deepaalanu srushtinche kotta saakha dwara marinta meruguparachabadindi mariyu 1925loe paris nundi aadhunika paarisraamika mariyu alankaara kalala antarjaateeya pradarsanalo paalgonadamtho mugisindi. rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata alabaster vadakam yokka parinaamam nundi mukhyamaina paerlu volteron umberto borgna, "modati alabaster designer", mariyu taruvaata vaastusilpi mariyu paarisraamika designer engelo mangiyarotti.
ingland mariyu wales.
gypsum alabaster anedi oka saadhaarana khanijam, idhi inglaandlooni midlands looni keeper marleslo, mukhyamgaa derloni chellaston vadda, staffordshireloni phaad vadda mariyu nottinghamshireloni neurk sameepamlo sambhavistundi. eee praantaalannintiloo depositlu vistrutamgaa panicheesaayi.
14va mariyu 15va sataabdaalaloo daani chinna vigrahalu mariyu balipeetapu mukkala kosam upasamana palakala setlalo chekkadam anedi nottinghamlo viluvaina sthaanika parisrama, alaage pradhana aangla egumati. veetini saadhaaranamgaa paint chesevaaru ledhaa paakshikamgaa paint chesevaaru. samadhi smaaraka chihnalapai tarachugaa jeevita parimaanamlo unde bommala kosam kooda dheenini upayoginchaaru, endukante saadhaarana recumbent sthaanam padaartham yokka balam lekapovataniki saripotundi, mariyu idhi manchi palarayi kante choukagaa mariyu pani cheyadam sulabham. aangla samskarana taruvaata balipeetapu mukkala tayari nilipiveyabadindi, conny silpaalu mariyu vigrahalalo antyakriyala smaaraka pani konasaagindi.
ippatikee britainlo unna eee chekkadaalaku udaaharanalatoo paatu (mukhyamgaa nottingham koota museum, british museum, victoria mariyu albert museum), khanija alabaster (kevalam puraatana vastuvula vyaparam kakunda) loe vyaparam musey dii cluney, speyin mariyu scandinavia vanti suduura praantaalalo kanipinche padaarthaalalo chellacheduruga unna udaaharanalu unnaayi.
alabaster kooda takkuva parimaanamlo unnappatikee, somersetloni watchet vadda, glamorganshirelo penarth sameepamlo mariyu itara chotla kanipistundi. cumbrialo idhi ekkuvagaa kotta erra silalalo sambhavistundi, conny diguva bhougolika kshitijamlo sambhavistundi. nottinghamshire mariyu derr yokka alabaster mandapati nodular padakalu ledhaa "bantulu" ledhaa "bowles" anie piluvabade golaakaara dravyaraasilo "antastulu" loe mariyu "kekulu" anie piluvabade chinna lenticular dravyaraasilo kanipistundi. chellaston vadda, sthaanika alabasternu "patrick" anie pilustaaru, idhi "derr sparr" paerutoe aabharanalugaa pani cheyabadindi-eee padam fluorsparku marinta sarigga vartinchabadutundi.
block alabaster.
"block alabaster" anedi gypsum aadhaarita khanijam yokka arudaina nirjaleekarana roopam. eee nalla roopam prapanchamlo kevalam moodu siralalo matrame kanipistundi, united states, italii mariyu chainaalo okkokkati.
oklahoma looni swechchaku sameepamlo unna alabaster caverns state park loe sahaja gypsum guha undhi, dheenilo gypsum chaalaa varaku alabaster roopamlo untundi. gulabi, telupu mariyu arudaina nalla alabaster thoo sahaa aneka rakaala alabasterlu eee pradaesamloe kanipistaayi.
kooda chudandi.
kitikee mariyu paikappu panels.
kalakramanusaram udaaharanala jabita

