
paal cuff

paal cuffey anie kooda piluvabade paal cuff (janavari 17,1759-september 7,1817) oka african american vyaapaaravaetta, timingalam donga mariyu nirmuulanavaadi. masaachusetslooni kattihank dveepamlo bahula jaathi kutumbamlo swechchagaa janminchina cuff vijayavantamaina vyapari mariyu samudra kepten ayyadu. athani talli, rooth moses, harwich, cape codd nundi vacchina oka wampanog, mariyu athani tandri paschima aafrikaalo chinnatanamlo bandhinchabadina oka ashanti, mariyu 1720 loe newportlo baanisatvaaniki vikrayinchabaddaadu. 1740 la madhyalo, athani tandrini athani quaker yajamani zaan slocum chetha vidipinchabaddaadu. athani tallidandrulu 1747loe dartmouth loe vivaham chesukunnaru.
yuvakudiki padamudu samvatsaraala vayasulo cuff tandri maraninchina taruvaata, athanu mariyu athani anna zaan kutumba vyavasayanni vaarasatvamgaa pondaaru (vaari talliki jeevita hakkulu unnaayi). vaaru tama talli mariyu mugguru chellellatho kalisi akkada nivasinchaaru. taruvaati samvatsaram west indies kuu moodu timingalam vaeta prayaanaalalo modatidaanipai cuff santakam chesaadu. viplavaatmaka yuddha samayamlo, oka chinna terachaapa padavapai british digbandham gundaa jaaradam dwara cuff nantaket kuu vastuvulanu pampinhee chesindi. yuddham taruvaata, athanu atlantic teeram vembadi mariyu prapanchamlooni itara praantaalalo laabhadaayakamaina ravana vyapaaraanni nirminchaadu. athanu westport nadipai oka padava thotalo thana sonta noukalanu kooda nirminchaadu. masaachusetslooni westportlo, athanu united stateslo modati jaathi samagra paatasaalanu sthaapinchaadu.
1808loe westport friends samavesamlo bhaktudaina quaker ayina cuff tarachugaa westport meating houselo aadivaaram sevalalo mariyu philadelphia, pensylvanialo itara quaker samavesalalo kooda matladevadu. 1813loe, athanu west portloni kotta samavesa gruham kosam sagam dabbunu viraalamgaa icchaadu mariyu nirmaanaanni paryaveekshinchaadu. bhavanam ippatikee manugadalo undhi. aaa samayamlo snehitula samavesaniki kontamandi nallajati americanlu anumatinchabaddaaru.
sierra leonelo oka kaalaneeni sthaapinchadaaniki british prayatnamlo cuff palgonnadu, dheeniki british vaaru modata america nundi 1,000 mandiki paiga maajee baanisalanu ravana chesaaru. kondaru american deshabhaktulache banisaluga cheyabaddaaru mariyu yuddha samayamlo british linela venuka aasrayam mariyu swechhanu koraru. british vaaru odipoyina taruvaata, vaaru aaa maajee baanisalanu modata nova skotia mariyu londonku teesukellaaru. africaku tirigi raavadaaniki aandolana chendina thamus peters vanti nalla vishwaasulachae prerepinchabadina british vaaru 1792loe nova skotia nallajaateeyulaku sierra leonelo tama sonta kaalaneeni erpaatu chesukune avakaasaanni icchaaru, akkada vaaru tirigi sthirapaddaaru.
pramukha british nirmuulanavaadula vignapti meraku, 1810loe cuff sthiranivaasula paristhitula gurinchi mariyu athanu vaariki sahayam cheyagalada anie telusukovadaaniki sierra leonku prayaaninchaadu. vidudala cheyabadina baanisalanu egumati cheyadam konasaginchadam kante egumati cheyadagina vastuvula sthaanika utpattini penchadaaniki mariyu vaari swantha ravana saamardhyaalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki prayatnaalu cheyaalani ayana teelchi chepparu. african samstha sabhyulanu kalavadaniki cuff inglaandku prayaaninchaadu, vaaru kooda nirmuulanavaadulaku naayakatvam vahinchaaru. sierra leone looni prajalandari jeevitaalanu meruguparachadaaniki ayana thana sifaarsulanu andinchaaru. athani sifaarsulaku londonlo manchi aadarana labhinchindi, taruvaata vaatini amalu cheyadaaniki athanu sierra leonku maroe rendu paryatanalu chesaadu.
1815-16 loe thana chivari paryatanalo, athanu maajee baanisalu mariyu itara sthaanika nivaasitulaku vaari aardhika vyavasthanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki sahayam cheyadaaniki mariyu vaaritho kalisi panicheyadaaniki masachusets nundi sierra leonku tommidi uchita nallajaateeyula kutumbaalanu ravana chesaadu. kontamandi charitrakaarulu cuff yokka rachanalanu kottagaa vyavastheekrutamaina american valasarajyala sangham (acs) prothsahistunna "africa tirigi vellu" udyamaaniki sambandhinchinadigaa paerkonnaaru. uttaraadi mariyu dakshinaadi rendintitho kuudina oka samuuham, idhi united states nundi africaku uchita nallajaateeyulanu punaravasam kalpinchadampai drushti pettindi-chivariki liberia abhivruddhiki daariteesindi. acs nayakulu vaari prayatnaaniki paal cuff salaha mariyu maddatunu koraru. kontha sankocham taruvaata, mariyu philadelphia mariyu newyork nagaramloni uchita nallajaatiiyulachae acs pratipaadanapai balamaina abhyantaraalanu batti, cuff acs kuu maddatu ivvakudadani enchukunnadu. africa prajalaku sikshana, yantraalu mariyu noukalanu andinchadamlo thana prayatnaalu vaari jeevitaalanu meruguparachadaaniki mariyu prapanchamlo edugudala saadhinchadaaniki veelu kalpistaayani ayana viswasinchaadu.
jeevita charitra.
prarambha jeevitam.
paal cuff janavari 17,1759naa masaachusetslooni kattihank dveepamlo janminchaadu. athanu coffey (coffey) slocum mariyu athani bhaarya rooth moses yokka chinna kumarudu. coffey acon vaarasatvaaniki aashrati baanisa. baanisatvam yokka ashanti roopam aneka vidhaluga american chetla baanisatvaaniki bhinnamgaa undedi. ashanti baanisalaku chattaparamaina hakkulu undevi, vaaru aastini kaligi undavacchu, aastini vaarasatvamgaa pondavacchu mariyu vivaham chesukovacchu.
sumaru 10 samvatsaraala vayassulo, atlantic baanisa vaanijyamlo modati adugu ayina koofeeni swaadheenam chesukunnaru ledhaa fontasy madhyavartulaku vikrayinchaaru. paschima africa teeramlo athanu raayal african company pratinidhulaku vartakam cheyabaddaadu mariyu road dveepamlooni newportku ravana cheyabaddaadu, akkada atanni masaachusetslooni dartmouth looni quaker vyavasaya yajamani ebenezer slocum konugolu chesaaru. 1742loe, slocum thana menalludu zaan slokamku 150 poundlaku koofeeni vikrayinchaadu. zaan thana sramatho konugolu dharanu pondina tarvaata koofeeni vidipinchaalani bhaavinchi, 1745 loe atanni vidudala chesaadu.
coffey thana maajee yajamani slocum yokka chivari paerunu teesukunnadu. 1746loe athanu rooth mosesnu vivaham chesukunnadu. aame wampanog desamlo sabhyuralu, mariyu cape codd meeda putti perigindi.
aaa samayamlo dartmouth loe pedda polaanni kaligi unna mariyu masachusets dakshina teeramlo paschimaana elizabeth deevulanu kooda kaligi unna slocum holder kosam coffey chellimpu kuuliigaa panicheestunnaaru. slocum holder mariyu athani poruguvaaru vesavi nelallo metha kosam aaa dveepaalaku gorrelanu ravana chesevaaru. aaa gorrelanu chusukovadaniki athanu coffey slokamnu niyaminchukunnaadu; sumaru 1750loe coffey thana kutumbamtho kalisi kattihank anie piluvabade paschimaana unna dveepaaniki vellaadu.
akkada athanu oka intini nirminchi, tadupari 15 samvatsaraalu thana kutumbamtho edaadi podavunaa nivasinchaadu. coffey mariyu rooth yokka chivari enimidi mandhi pillalu kuttihanklo janminchaaru, paal, 7va bidda mariyu naluguru abbayilalo chinnavadu. vaariki oke oka illu undedi mariyu kattihanklo puurti samayam nivasinchevaaru matrame ayi undavacchu. wampanog tega sabhyulu kaneesam kalanugunamga elizabeth golusuloni sameepamloni dveepaalalo mariyu martha drakshatotalo kooda nivasinchaaru. 1766loe coffey mariyu rooth sameepamloni dartmouth loe oka polaanni konugolu chesi, 1767 vasantakaalamlo tama padhi mandhi pillalatho pradhana bhuubhaagaaniki vellaaru.
1772loe paal 13 yella vayasulo coffey slocum maraninchaadu. appatiki vaari iddaru pedda sodarulaku vaerae chota sonta kutumbaalu unnanduna, paal mariyu athani sodarudu zaan vaari tandri vyavasaya karyakalapalanu chepattaru. vaaru tama talli mariyu aneka mandhi sodareemanulaku kooda maddatu icchaaru.
dadapuga, paal 19 samvatsaraala vayassulo, athani anna zaan thana tandri modati paeru kaafeeni thana chivari paerugaa upayoginchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. athani thobuttuvulu chaalaa mandhi adhe chesaaru, conny andaruu kaadu. paal taruvaata thana paerupai correspondence, deeds, mariyu thana veelunama meeda 'coffey' anie spelling chesi, 'oo' kuu badulugaa 'yuu' thoo santakam chesaadu. 1790, 1800 mariyu 1810 jaateeya janabha lekkallo athani chivari paeru "cuff" gaa namodu cheyabadindi; janabha lekkalu teesukunevaaru konnisaarlu paerlu elaa anipistayo matrame vraastaaru mariyu vaaru namodu chestunna vyaktulanu kalise avasaram ledhu. paal talli, rooth mose, janavari 6,1787naa maraninchindi.
navikudiga samayam.
1773loe, thana tandri maraninchina marusati samvatsaram, mallii 1775loe, paal cuff timingalam vaeta noukalapai prayaaninchi, navigation neerchukunee avakaasam pondaadu. thana patrikalo, athanu oka "navikudu" (navikudu) gaa gurtinchaadu. 1776loe viplava yuddham praarambhamaina taruvaata, athanu oka timingalam meeda prayaaninchaadu, conny daanini british vaaru swaadheenam chesukunnaru. athanu mariyu migilina sibbandini vidudala cheyadaaniki mundu newyork nagaramlo moodu nelala paatu yuddha khaideelugaa unchaaru. cuff ippudu masaachusetslooni westportlo unna thana kutumbam vaddaku tirigi vacchaadu. 1779loe, athanu mariyu athani sodarudu david sameepamloni dveepaalaku cherukovadaniki oka chinna terachaapa padavanu appuga teesukunnaru. thana sodarudu pramaadakaramaina samudraalalo prayaaninchadaaniki bhayapadinappatiki, 1779loe nantaketku sarukunu pampinhee cheyadaaniki bahusha oka snehitudito sibbandigaa cuff bayaludaeraadu. eee vishayamlo mariyu aaa taruvaata aneka prayaanaalalo samudrapu dongalu atanni addukunnaru. chivaraku, athanu nantaket kuu vellaadu, adhi laabhamgaa maarindi. athanu yuddham antataa nantaket kuu eee paryatanalu konasaaginchaadani nivedinchabadindi.
1780loe, 21 samvatsaraala vayassulo, paal mariyu athani sodarudu zaan cuff masachusetslo swechchaayuta nallajaateeyulaku ootu hakku lenanduna pannulu chellinchadaaniki niraakarinchaaru. 1780loe, vaaru praatinidhyam lekunda atuvanti pannunu raddu cheyaalani masaachusetslooni bristol county kounsilnu abhyardhinchaaru, idhi valasavaadula samasya, idhi chaalaa mandiki viplavaniki daariteesindi. eee petition tiraskarinchabadindi, conny athani daavaa raashtramloni uchita purusha pourulaku ootu hakkulanu manjuru cheyadaaniki 1783loe rashtra saasanasabha nirnayaaniki dohadapadindi.
yuddham mugisina taruvaata, kappulu nirminchadaaniki mariyu atlantic teeram vembadi ravana vyapaaraanni sthaapinchadaaniki cuff thana baavamaridi maikhel vainartho bhagaswamyam kudurchukunnadu. athanu kramamga rajadhaanini nirminchi, naukala samudaayaaniki vistarinchaadu. open botlanu upayoginchina taruvaata, athanu 14 ledhaa 15 tannula closed-deck ship "baaks iron" nuu, aapai 18 nundi 20 tannula scoonernu niyaminchaadu. 1789loe athanu mariyu winer paatha dartmouth nundi chekkabadina kotta pattanamaina westportlo acooxet nadhi thoorpu odduna tama sonta shipyardnu erpaatu chesaaru. athanu tadupari 25 samvatsaraala paatu naukala nirmaanaanni konasaginchadu.
paal sodari maerii 1772loe maikhel vainarnu vivaham chesukundi; 1773 mariyu 1793 madhya vaariki eduguru kumaarulu kaligaaru. chaalaa mandhi purushulu sibbandigaa maararu mariyu vaari tandri mariyu mamaiah yaajamaanyamloni noukalapai keptenlu kooda ayyaru. geremia winer mariyu athani iddaru kumaarulu (cuff yokka menattalu) 1804loe kutumba oodalloo okati padipoyinappudu samudramlo kolpoyaru.
vivaham mariyu kutumbam.
fibravari 25,1783naa, cuff vitantuvu alis abel pekvitnu vivaham chesukunnadu. cuff yokka talli vale, alis oka wampanog mahila. eee janta modata dartmouth looni distruction brook sameepamlo unna "bharatiya-shaili" intlo mariyu taruvaata masaachusetslooni westportlo sthirapaddaaru, akkada vaaru tama eduguru pillalanu penchaaru navomi (jananam 1783), maerii (jananam 1785), rooth (1788), alis (1790), paal juuniyar. (1792), roda (1795), mariyu vilium (1799).
ravana.
1787loe, paal cuff mariyu athani baavamaridi, maikhel winer (maerii slocum bhartha, athani akka mariyu paal kante padeellu peddadi) kalisi tama modati oodanu nirminchaaru, idhi 25 tannula scooner sunn fish."idhi iddaru purushulu mariyu vaari kutumbaala madhya sudeergha bhaagaswaamyaaniki prarambham. vaari tadupari ooda 40 tannula scooner "maerii", idhi acoaxet nadipai vaari swantha padava thotalo nirminchabadindi. vaaru "ranger" nirmaanaaniki aardhika sahayam cheyadaaniki "maerii" mariyu "sunn fish" nuu vikrayinchaaru-69 tannula scooner 1796loe westportloni cuff shipyard nundi mallee praarambhinchabadindi. 1799loe cuff thana shipyard aastiki jodinchi, thana kutumba intiki mariyu boat yard rendintikee ekkuva sthalaanni andinchadaaniki 0.02 ekaraala nundi 0.33 ekaraalaku penchaaru.
1800 natiki athanu 162 tannula baarku "heero" loe sagam vaddeeni nirminchadaaniki mariyu kaligi undataaniki taginanta muuladhanam kaligi unnadu. aaa samayamlo samyukta raashtraalloni atyanta dhanavantulalo cuff okaru-atyanta dhanavanthudu kakapoyina-african american ledhaa sthaanika american. athani atipedda ooda, 268 tannula "alfa", 1806loe nirminchabadindi, mariyu athani abhimaana ooda, 109 tannula brigg "traveller" marusati samvatsaram nirminchabadindi. 1811loe, cuff "yaatrikudini" liverpool loki teesukellinappudu, "dhi times off london" bahusha airopaku cherukunna modati nauka anie nivedinchindi, idhi "puurtigaa negros yajamanyamlo mariyu navigate cheyabadindi."
paal cuff dwara aasti konugollu.
paal cuff mariyu athani sodarudu zaan westportloni 116 ekaraala polaanni vaari tandri nundi vaarasatvamgaa pondaaru. taruvaata vaaru daanini vaari madhya vibhajinchaaru, kaani paal eppuduu vyavasaayampai aasakti chuupaleedu, vyavasaya nirvahananu thana sodarudiki ledhaa taruvaata addedaarulaku vadilesadu. 1789loe paal mottamodata namodu chesina aasti konugolu acooxet nadipai unna 0.22-acre lott, akkada athanu modata thana padava thotanu, taruvaata thana intini kanugonnadu. athanu 1799loe thana padava thotaku dakshinaana unna oka 0.11-acre anubandha aastini sampaadinchadam dwara aaa sthalaanni jodinchaadu. HTTP:// palcuff.org/Wp-content/uploades/2019/06 kotta-prakatanalu-final.pdf
1799loe paal cuff westport poruguna unna ebenezer eddie nundi rendu pedda aastulanu konugolu chesaadu. modatidi acoaxet nadipai athani padava yaarduku dakshinaana 300 gajaala dhooramlo unna illu mariyu avtbildinglatho kuudina 100 ekaraala eddie kutumba nivaasam. marusati samvatsaram paal eee aastini thana sodari mariyu baavamaridi maerii mariyu maikhel vainarlaku, athanu daani kosam chellinchina adhe dharaku vikrayinchaadu. aaa patramlo, appatike aaa aastipai vainnarlu nivasistunnaarani perkondi. eee rikaardu nundi paal vaaru veelainappudu athani nundi aastini konugolu chestaarane avagaahanato weinnerla kosam aastini konugolu chesinatlu telustondi. maikhel winer mariyu paal cuff bhagaswamyuluga undipoyaaru, winer kumaarulu chaalaa noukalanu naayakatvam vahinchi, creing chesaaru.
1799loe eddie kutumbam nundi paal konugolu chesina rendava aasti athani padava thotaku uttaraana aneka vandala gajaala dhooramlo unna 40 ekaraala sthalam, idhi gatamlo allen kutumbaaniki chendinadi mariyu dheenini "allen lott" anie pilicheevaaru."athanu eee bhoomini vyavasayam cheyadaaniki itarulaku leejuku icchi, aapai thana chinna kumarudu viliyanku, daanilo illu nirminchadaaniki dabbutho paatu icchinatlu telustondi.
konni samvatsaraala taruvaata, 1813loe, paal david sole nundi thana padava thotaku, uttara, paschima praantaalalo unna intiki sameepamlo sumaru 4 ekaraala aastini konugolu chesaadu. idhi kevalam 4 ekaraalaku paiga unna aasti, athanu thana nivasamga gurtinchaadu mariyu 1817loe maraninchinappudu thana bhaarya mariyu pillala madhya panchukunnadu.
cuff yokka bhuswamulu mariyu maikhel winer yokka bhuswamulu cole, jifford, slade loe jabita cheyabaddaayi mariyu soochanalalo anusandhaninchabaddayi.
sierra leonelo uchita nallajaateeyula puurva sthaavaraalu.
paddenimidava mariyu pantommidava sataabdaalaloo, chaalaa mandhi tellajati americanlu african santatiki chendina prajalu european santatiki chendina vaari kante takkuvasthaayi vaaru anie vishwasinchaaru. rendava goppa melkolupu, pradhanamgaa nyuu ingland nundi american south varaku kwekarlu, methadistulu mariyu baptistulu nirvahinchaaru, viplava yuddham taruvaata kontamandi yajamaanulu tama baanisalanu vidipinchadaaniki (vidudala) prerepinchaaru. viplavam taruvaata baanisatvam konasagadamto, pradhanamgaa dakshinaadiloo, baanisa yajamaanulu ayina adhyakshulu thamus jefferson mariyu james madison vanti pramukha vyaktulu, united states lopala ledhaa velupala kaalaneelaku swechhaa nallajaateeyula valasalu americalo jaathi samasyaku sulabhamaina mariyu atyanta vaastavika parishkaram anie vishwasinchaaru. idhi vimukti dwara pedda sankhyalo maajee baanisalanu tella samaajamloki vileenam cheyadam kante, uchita nallajaateeyulaku pratyaamnaayaanni andinche sadhanam.
prapanchamlooni itara praantaalalo american nallajaateeyulanu sthirapariche prayatnaalu aneka ibbandulanu edurkonnaayi, veetilo sierra leonelo oka kaalaneeni kanugonadaaniki british prayatnam kooda undhi. 1787loe praarambhamaina sierra leone company 400 mandhi prajalanu, ekkuvagaa landanlooni "nallajati paedalu", sierra leoneloni freetownloo punaravasam pondadaaniki spaansar chesindi. kondaru african americanlu, veeru viplavaatmaka yuddham samayamlo british linelaku paaripovadam dwara baanisatvam nundi vimukti pondaaru, taruvaata yuddham mugisina taruvaata america nundi taralinchabaddaaru. freetown kaalanee pani chese aardhika vyavasthanu sthaapinchadaaniki mariyu bayati ottillaku vyatiraekamgaa manugada saaginchagala prabhutvaanni abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki chaalaa kashtapadindi. sierra leone company aardhika patanam taruvaata, rendava samuuham, kottagaa srushtinchabadina african samstha, viplavaatmaka yuddham taruvaata nova skotialo punaravasam pondina nalla vishwaasula pedda samuuhaaniki olasalanu andinchindi. african samstha yokka spaansarlalo chaalaa mandhi kaalanee nundi aardhika raabadini pondaalani aasinchaaru.
sierra leonelo sthirapadina rendava tarangamlo sumaru 1,200 mandhi swechhaa nallajaateeyulu unnaaru, veeru ingland otami taruvaata, raayal naevii dwara american odarevu nagaraala nundi nova skotiaku punaravasam kosam ravana cheyabaddaaru. eee rangu prajalu, ekkuvagaa dakshina yuu nundi.ess. rashtraalu, nova skotianu chaalaa asoukaryamaina pradaesamgaa gurtinchaayi, akkada vaaru sthaanika tella nivaasitula chetullo kramam tappakunda vivakshanu edurkonnaru. zaan clarkson, oka yuva naukaadala adhikari, mariyu thamus clarkson yokka tammudu, oka teevramaina nirmuulanavaadi, 1792 prarambha nelallo nova skotia nundi freetownku 15 naukala dandayaatraku naayakatvam vahinchaadu.
eee sthiranivaasula samuuham nova skotialo sanghaalu mariyu sanghaalanu erpaatu chesindi, vaarilo chaalaa mandhi vyavasayam mariyu vividha chetipanulalo vidyaavantulu mariyu naipunhyam kaliginavaaru. zaan clarkson 1792 chivari varaku freetownloo unnanta kaalam vaagdaanam chesina gruhalu mariyu bhoomi ketaayimpulanu konasaginchadu. conny nova skotiyanlu mariyu aangla adhikaarula madhya nirantara sangharshanaku kaaranamaina rendu samasyalu talettaayi. nova skotia nundi sierra leone varaku swechhaa nallajaateeyula kadalikaku maddatu icchina landanlooni sierra leone company kotta sthiranivaasula kante bhinnamaina lakshyalanu kaligi undhi. vaaru sthiranivaasula rendu samuuhaalanu karmikuluga upayoginchi vaanijyaparamgaa aacharaneeyamaina thotala vyavasthanu sthaapinchaalani korukunnaru. bhoomi pampineeni pondina sthiranivaasula nundi vidichipettina addelanu kooda vaaru demand chesaaru, eee sharatu zaan clarksonku teliyadu. sthiranivaasulu atuvanti addelu chellinchadaaniki niraakarinchaaru, idhi nirantara sangharshanaku muulamgaa maarindi.
eee manovedanalu 1800loe block nova skotiyanlu tirugubaatunu praarambhinchadaaniki daariteesaayi, eee tirugubaatu "meroonlu" anie piluvabade nova skotia nundi sthirapadina kotta samuuham raakato matrame anachiveyabadindi."veeru munupati sataabdaalaloo jamaikaaku banisaluga teesukuvacchina swechhaa nallajaateeyulu, conny vaaru oka sataabdaaniki paiga manugada saaginchina aaa dveepamlooni parvata praantaalloki tappinchukogaligaaru. rendava meroon yuddham mugisina taruvaata eee meroonla samuuhaanni jamaika nundi sierra leonku ravana chesaaru.
1807 taruvaata samvatsaraalalo sierra leonelo jama cheyabadina sthiranivaasula chivari samuuham aafrikanlu, 1807loe baanisa vaanijyaanni british vaaru raddu chesina taruvaata vaaru swaadheenam chesukunna baanisa naukala nundi british raayal neeveechee vidudala cheyabaddaaru. eee vimukti pondina nallajaateeyulu paschima africa teeram vembadi vividha praantaala nundi vacchaaru.
1811loe sierra leonku cuff yokka modati venture.
paal cuff konni samvatsaraalugaa aafrikaaloni valasavaada sthaavaraalapai aasakti chuupaaru. athani sannihita quaker snehitudu mariyu vyapara bhagaswamy, vilium roach sr.sierra leonelo britton nundi nallajaateeyula modati sthaavaram gurinchi prabhutvam mariyu patrikalalo chaalaa charchalu jarigina samayamlo viplava yuddham mugisina ventane londonku vellaaru. raach americaku tirigi vacchi nyuu bedfordlo sthirapadinappudu, athanu eee samsthala gurinchi paal kafku teliyajesaadu. aaa taruvaata cuff eee krindi vidhamgaa vraasaadu kaalanee nivaasulu nijaayiteegaa sthirapadaalani, tadwara mana african sodarulalo daani prachaaramlo keelaka paatra pooshinchaalani koorutuu, gatha chaalaa samvatsaraalugaa vaari tarapuna neenu utsaahamgaa aasaktini kaligi unnaanu.
marchi 1807 nundi, sierra leone meruguparachadaaniki kotta prayatnaalaku sahaayapadataaniki philadelphia, baltimore mariyu newyork nagaramloni quaker mariyu nirmuulanavaada snehitulu kafnu prothsahinchaaru. 1809loe eee prajectulo cheraalani nirnayinchukune mundu, ravana vyavastha mariyu udyamam vijayavantam ayye avakaasaalapai cuff aalochinchaaru. decemberu 27,1810naa, athanu sierra leone kuu thana modati dandayaatralo philadelphia nundi bayaludaeraadu.
1811 marchi 1naa cuff freetown, sierra leonku cherukunnadu. athanu aaa praantamloo paryatinchi, aaa praanta saamaajika, aardhika paristhitulanu parisoedhimchaadu. athanu kaalaneelooni kontamandi adhikaarulanu kalisaadu, vaaru sierra leonku vachhe american vaanijya noukalanu mariyu sthaanika vyaapaarulato pootii padatanni vyatiraekimchaaru. vastuvulanu vikrayinchadaaniki ayana chesina prayatnaalu paelavamaina phalitaalanu icchaayi, mukhyamgaa kaalaneeki vachhe mariyu vachhe vaanijyampai adhika sunkaala kaaranamgaa. april 7,1811 aadivaaram naadu, cuff kaalaneelooni agrashreni nallajati paarisraamikavettalanu kalisaaru. kalisi, vaaru landanlooni african samstha kosam oka petition raasaaru, vyavasayam, vaanijya mariyu timingalam vaeta parisramalo sthirapadinavaaru panicheyadam kaalaneeki atyanta mukhyamaina avasaramani, eee moodu praantaalu kaalanee vruddhini uttamamgaa sulabhataram chestayani paerkonnaaru. eee petitionnu sweekarinchina taruvaata, samstha sabhyulu vaari phalitaalato ekibhavincharu. cuff mariyu nallajati paarisraamikavettalu kalisi kaalaneelooni swechhaa prajalalo sreyassu mariyu parisramanu pempondinchadaaniki ankitamaina paraspara sahaya vyapari samuuhamgaa sierra leone yokka snehapoorvaka samajanni sthaapinchaaru.
african samstha ahvanam meraku, 1811 joolailo liverpool cherukunna cuff, kaalaneeki marinta sahayam pondadaaniki britanku prayaaninchaadu. landanlooni african samstha adhipatulu aayanaku aatmeeyamgaa swaagatam palikaru, vaaru snehapoorvaka samajam kosam kontha dabbunu sekarinchaaru. sierra leonelo thana missionu konasaaginchadaaniki aayanaku prabhutva anumati mariyu licenses manjuru cheyabadindi. athanu london mariyu livarpoolloni british adhikarulu mariyu vyaapaarulato kooda unnadu, vaaru chaalaa aatidhyamichevaaru mariyu telivaina, ankitabhaavamtho, kashtapadi panichese african-american quaker vyaapaariki gowravinchevaaru, veeru sierra leone kaalaneeni meruguparachadaaniki mariyu african prajalaku abhivruddhini teesukuraavadaaniki emi cheyavachane daani gurinchi saanukuula aalochanalatho nindi unnaaru. eee maddatutoe prothsahinchabadina cuff, sierra leonku tirigi vacchaadu, akkada athanu mariyu nallajati sthiranivaasulu snehapoorvaka samajam yokka paatranu patishtam chesaaru. vaaru oka grist millu, rampa millu, vari-prosessing factory mariyu uppu panulatho sahaa kaalanee kosam abhivruddhi pranaalikalanu meruguparicharu.
ambargo, president madison, mariyu 1812 yuddham.
united states mariyu britton madhya sambandhaalu debbatinnaayi mariyu 1811 natiki, yuu. ess.ess. sierra leone nundi vachhe vastuvulatoe sahaa british vastuvulapai prabhutvam aankshalanu vidhinchindi. idhi yuu nii prabhaavitam chesindi.ess. atlantic daati vaanijyam, alaage kenadaatho vaanijyam. 1812 eprillo cuff newport cherukunnappudu, athani ooda "traveller" nuu yuu swaadheenam chesukunnaru.ess. customs agentlu, daani anni vastuvulatoe paatu. adhikarulu athani sarukunu vidudala cheyaledu, kabatti cuff washington vellaadu, dii.sii., appeal cheyadaaniki. athanu treasury karyadarshi albert gallatin mariyu adhyakshudu james maadisanlanu kalusukogaligadu. madison white houseloki kafnu hrudayapuurvakamgaa swaagatinchaaru. white houselo oka african american atithigaa undatam idhe modatisaari kaavacchu. cuff uddeshapoorvakamgaa aankshalanu ullanghinchaledani nirnayinchukuni, madison thana sarukunu tirigi tanaku appaginchaalani aadesinchaadu.
madison sierra leonelo thana samayam gurinchi mariyu akkadi paristhitula gurinchi kooda kafnu prasninchaadu. africa gurinchi telusukovalane aasaktigaa, madison akkada swechhaa american nallajaateeyula valasarajyalanu vistarinche avakaasam gurinchi aasakti chuupaaru. britaintho udriktata kaligina dautya paristhiti 1812 yuddhamlo chelaregindi. ayinappatikee, madison kafnu agragamiga pariganinchaadani soochinchabadindi.ess. aaa samayamlo africapy adhikaram.
cuff kramam tappakunda sierra leonku tirigi raavaalani bhaavinchaadu, conny juun 1812loe yuddham praarambhamaindi. quaker saantivaadigaa, cuff naitika praatipadikana yuddhanni vyatirekinchaadu. vaanijyaaniki antaraayam kaliginchadam mariyu sierra leone meruguparachadaaniki chesina prayatnaala gurinchi kooda athanu niraasa chendaadu. united states mariyu britton madhya yuddham konasagadamto, vaanijyampai tama aankshalanu sadalinchamani, sierra leontho vyaparam konasaaginchadaaniki anumatinchamani iru deshaalanu oppinchadaaniki cuff prayatninchaadu. U kii athani petition.ess. senatelo congress anukuulamgaa vyavaharinchindi, conny dakshinaadi pratinidhula aadhipatyam unna sabhalo tiraskarinchabadindi. itara vyaapaarula maadirigaane, athanu yuddham mugise varaku vechi undavalasi vachindi.
intalo, cuff baltimore, philadelphia mariyu newyorklanu sandarsinchi, kaalanee gurinchi nallajaateeyula samuuhaalatoe matladadu. eee nagarallo snehapoorvaka samajalanu erpaatu chesukovalani, okaritho okaru sambhashinchukovalani, african samsthatho mariyu sierra leoneloni snehapoorvaka samaajamtho sambhashinchukovalani kooda cuff nallajaateeyulanu koraru. athanu kaalaneelooni paristhitulanu mariyu akkada purogatini teesukuraavadam gurinchi thana aalochanalanu saadhaarana prajalaku teliyajeyadaaniki sierra leone gurinchi oka karapatraanni mudrinchaadu. 1813loe intlo, cuff pradhanamgaa westport friends meating house punarnirmaanampai panicheesaaru mariyu aaa project kharchulo daadaapu sagam dohadapaddaru. sii.
yuddham kaaranamgaa kappulu oodalu kolpoyi aardhikamgaa badhapaddadu. heero" chileelo unnappudu samudraaniki arhata ledani prakatinchabaddaadu mariyu intiki tirigi raaledu. alfa" loe athani managing bhagaswamy ayina philadelphiaku chendina zaan james ooda karyakalapalalo dabbunu kolpotunnadu. adrushtavasaattuu 1814 chivarilo ghent oppandamtho yuddham mugisindi. thana aardhika paristhitini kramabaddhikarinchukunna taruvaata, cuff sierra leonku tirigi raavadaaniki siddamayyaadu.
yuddham taruvaata.
cuff december 10,1815naa west port nundi muppai enimidi mandhi uchita nalla valasavaadulatoe prayaaninchaaduh paddenimidu mandhi peddalu mariyu iravai mandhi pillalu, enimidi nelala nundi aravai samvatsaraala vayassu varaku. eee brundamlo bostonku chendina vilium gwin mariyu athani kutumbam unnaaru.
eee yaatraku $4,000 () kante ekkuva kharchu ayindi. prayaaneekula chaarjeelu, alaage vilium roach, juuniyar viraalam. nyuu bedford, migilina $1,000 kharchunu cover chesindi. valasavaadulu fibravari 3,1816naa sierra leone cherukunnaru. ooda goddali, goddali, nagali, wagan mariyu sammil nirminchadaaniki bhagalu vanti saamaagrini teesukuvelutondi. cuff mariyu athani valasadaarulanu gatamlo unnantagaa hrudayapuurvakamgaa swaagatinchaledu. sierra leone governor makkarti appatike saadhaarana janabhanu kramabaddhamgaa unchadamlo ibbandi paduthuu unnadu, inca ekkuva mandhi valasadaarula aalochanatho utsaahamgaa laedu. adanamgaa, kaalaneepai vidhinchina pourasatva chattam, vayojana purushulandaruu kiriitaaniki vidheyata pramaanaanni cheyavalasi untundi. sainika sevalo cheratarane bhayamtho chaalaa mandhi sthaanika prajalu alaa cheyadaaniki niraakarinchaaru. adanamgaa, athani saruku takkuva viluvaku vikrayinchabadindi. conny kotta valasavaadulu chivaraku freetownloo sthirapaddaaru. united states, eurup mariyu africa madhya kramam tappakunda vaanijyam praarambhamaina tarvaata, samajam abhivruddhi chendutundani cuff viswasinchaadu.
ayithe, eee yaatra kharchutho kuudukunnadi. prati valasavaadiki praarambhinchadaaniki oka samvatsaram ketaayimpulu avasaramayyayi, vaatini athanu vaariki andinchaadu. governor makkarthi african samstha kafku tirigi chellistundani khachitamgaa cheppadu, conny vaaru alaa cheyaledu, mariyu adhika sunkam sunkaalanu kooda chellinchaalsina taruvaata athanu $8,000 () kante ekkuva kolpoyadu. african samstha eee mission kosam kafnu ennadoo tirigi chellinchaledu, mariyu cuff perugutunna aardhika samasyalanu edurkovalasi vachindi. atuvanti maroka dandayaatranu chepatte mundu tanaku balamaina aardhika maddatu avasaramani ataniki telusu.
taruvaati samvatsaraalu.
1816loe newyork tirigi vacchina taruvaata, cuff african samstha yokka newyork adhyaayaaniki aaa valasavaadula sierra leone vadda dige dhruvapatraalanu pradarsinchaaru. "ayana prabhutvam nundi kooda andukunnaru. vaaru vachinappati nundi sthiramgaa mariyu telivigaa pravartinchinanduku oka dhruvikarana patram, mariyu vaari soukaryam mariyu prayojanaanni prothsahinchadaaniki vaaru vachinappati nundi $439.62 aamodam vaariki andinchabadindi."
eee kaalamlo, chaalaa mandhi african americanlu africaku valasa velladaaniki aasakti chuupaaru, mariyu kontamandi american samaajamlo jaathi udriktata samasyaku idhi uttama parishkaram anie vishwasinchaaru. gowravaneeyulaina samuel zhe. kafnu oppinchaaru. eee prayojanam kosam erpadina american colonization society (acs) kuu samacharam mariyu salahalanu andinchadaaniki mills mariyu robbert finley. baanisa yajamaanulato sahaa ACS looni chaalaa mandhi sabhyulu pradarsinchina bahiranga jaatyahankaaraanni chuusi kaphe aandolana chendaadu. kontamandi saha vyavasthaapakulu, mukhyamgaa henry clay, tama baanisa samaajaalaku antaraayam kaliginche "samasyaatmaka aandolanakaarula" nundi americanu vimukti chese maargamgaa vimukti pondina nallajaateeyulanu maarchaalani vaadinchaaru. itara americanlu haiteeki valasa velladaaniki praadhaanyata icchaaru. adhyakshudu zeane-pier boer yokka hytian prabhutvam american valasadaarulanu prothsahinchindi, vaaru deshaanni abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki mariyu united states prabhutvanche gurtimpu pondadaaniki sahaayapadagalarani nammadu (idhi 1861 varaku jaragaledu, prabhutvaanni niyantrinchina dakshinaadi raajakeeya nayakulu samakhyanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki "saamuhikamgaa" upasamharinchukunnaaru).
maranam mariyu vaarasatvam.
1817 praarambhamlo, cuff aarogyam ksheeninchindi. athanu africaku tirigi raaledu, 1817 septembaru 7naa westportlo maraninchaadu. athani chivari maatalu "nannu nissabdamgaa maraninchanivvandi"."cuff daadaapu $20,000 () anchanaa viluvatho oka estatenu vadili vellaadu. athanu thana vitantuvu, thobuttuvulu, pillalu, manumalu, benzin vantamanishi vitantuvu mariyu vaarasulu mariyu westportloni snehitula samavesa gruhaniki aasti mariyu dabbunu vaarasatvamgaa istaadu. athanu westport snehitula samavesa gruham venuka unna smasaanavaatikalo khananam cheyabaddaadu mariyu athani bharyanu taruvaata athani pakkana khananam chesaaru. eee veduka kosam 200 mandiki paiga snehitulu, bandhuvulu mariyu abhimanula gumpu mariyu athani deerghakaala snehitudu mariyu samakaaleena vilium roach juuniyar gumigudaru., eee kaaryakramamlo oka prasamsalu icchaaru. marusati nelaloo, gowravaneeyulaina peater villiams juuniyar. newyorkloni african methodist episcopal jion charchilo vistruta prasamsalu andinchaadu.
paal cuff gurinchi modati jeevita charitralalo okadaanni raasina henry nobel sherwood, aaa rachana yokka chivari peraalo thana jeevitaanni eee krindi vidhamgaa sangrahinchaaduh
"athani parisrama, athani matam mariyu vidya athani aasaavaadaanni nilabedataayi. athanu neethi yokka vijayanni viswasinchaadu; anduvalla, athanu daani kosam panicheesaadu. ayana satyam yokka vijayanni viswasinchaadu; anduvalla, ayana daaniki tananu taanu ankitam chesukunnadu. athanu pedarikampai praaveenyaanni grahinchaadu; anduvalla, athanu sampadanu vembadinchaadu. athanu thana jaathi merugudalanu viswasinchaadu; anduvalla, athanu daaniki tananu taanu ankitam chesukunnadu."(sherwood, paal cuff, p. 229.)

