
oka swabhaavam

oka swabhaavam anedi oka sangeeta swabhaavam, idhi oka tuning vyavastha, idhi aidavava bhaganni irukaina cheyadam dwara pondabadutundi, tadwara vaati nishpatti 3:2 kante konchem takkuvagaa untundi (vaatini khachitamaina aidava kante "irukainadi" gaa chestundi), moodava bhaganni swachchamainadaaniki daggaragaa nettadaaniki. antey oka swabhaavam pythagarian tuning maadirigaane, samaana aidava bhagala stock vale nirminchabadindi, conny aidavadi swachchamgaa undakapovadam anedi "swabhaavam".
gurtinchadagina ardhaalu-oka swabhaavam.
anni semitonlanu oke parimaanamlo cheyadam dwara pondina samaana swabhaavam, prati okkati ashtakamlo pannendava vantuku samanamga untundi (2 nundi okadaaniki (: 1) yokka 12 va muula nishpattitoe, aidavava vanthu pythagarian cama yokka 2 sentlu ledhaa 1/12 dwara irukainadi, mariyu pythagarian tuning kante konchem merugaina moodava vanthu matrame utpatti chestundi. samaana swabhaavam dadapuga 1/11 cama antey oka tuning.
quarter-coma antey, syntonic kamalo naaluginta oka vanthu dwara aidavavanthuni nirutsaahaparustundi, idhi baga telisina oka swabhaavam yokka rakam, mariyu "oka swabhaavam" anae padaanni tarachugaa pratyaekamgaa suuchimchadaaniki upayogistaaru. naalugu aarohana aidava (sii-zii-dii-eah-ii gaa) 1/4 kaamaato samasheetoshnamgaa unte, khachitamaina pradhana moodava (sii-ii) nuu utpatti chestundi, idhi pythagarian moodava kante irukaina syntonic camanu utpatti chestundi, idhi naalugu khachitamaina aidava nundi vastundi. quarter-coma antey 16va sataabdam prarambham nundi 19va sataabdam chivari varaku aacharinchabadindi. dheenini ashtakanni 31 samaana dasallo vibhajinchadam dwara anchanaa veyavachu.
idhi pythagarian tuning maadirigaane konasaagutundi; i.ii.idhi praathamika (c anie cheppandi) nii teesukoni varusaga 6 aidava vantula varaku perugutundi (ellappuduu praathamika paina unna ashtakamlo undataaniki 2 yokka saktulatoe bhaaginchadam dwara sardubaatu cheyadam), adevidhamgaa, varusaga aaru aidava vantula varaku taggutundi, ayithe, 2 yokka saktulatoe guninchadam dwara ashtakanni sardubaatu chestundi. ayithe, "khachitamaina" aidava vantulanu ichhe 3/2 nishpattini upayoginchadaaniki badulugaa, dheenini (80/81) yokka nalgava muulamtoe guninchaali, (idhi "syntonic cama": kevalam pradhana moodava (5/4) mariyu pythagarian okati (81/64) nishpatti) ledhaa, samanamga, aidavava vantulanu koddigaa tagginchadaaniki 5 va va (1/4) nuu upayoginchavacchu. dheeni phalitamgaa c-e viramam "khachitamaina moodava" (5/4), mariyu madhyantara sekanlu (c-d, d-e) c-enii ekareetigaa vibhajistaayi, kabatti d-c mariyu e-d samaana nishpattulu, veeti chaturasram 5/4. pradhana rendava shrenulu f-g-a mariyu g-a-b vishayamlo kooda idhe vartistundi. ayithe, ardhavantamaina tuninglo ippatikee "cama" undhi (i.ii. f mariyu g okate kaadu), idhi vaastavaaniki pythagorean kante peddadi, mariyu vyatiraeka ardhamlo.
moodava-com antey, aidavadi moodava vanthu kaamaato samasheetoshnamgaa untundi, mariyu moodu avarohana aidavadi (a-d-g-c vantivi) khachitamaina chinna moodava (a-c) oka syntonic camanu utpatti chestundi, idhi moodu khachitamaina aidava nundi vastundi. moodava-coma antey ashtakanni 19 samaana dasallo vibhajinchadam dwara chaalaa baga anchanaa veyavachu.
oka sagatuga swaram.
oka swabhaavam" anae paeru atuvanti swabhaavaalannii swaram yokka oke parimaanaanni kaligi untaayi, ayithe kevalam swaram oka pradhana swaraanni mariyu oka chinna swaraanni utpatti chestundi, idhi syntonic kaamaato bhinnamgaa untundi. edainaa saadhaarana vyavasthalo (i.ii. anni aidava bhaagaalato conny oke parimaanamlo okati) tone (sii-dii gaa) rendu aidava bhagala tarvaata (sii-zii-dii gaa) cherukuntundi, ayithe pradhana moodava bhaagam naalugu aidava bhagala tarvaata cherukuntundihi kabatti tone sarigga sagam pradhana moodava bhaagam.
idhi swaram sagatuga unde oka bhaavam.
quarter-com vishayamlo, adanamgaa, syntonic cama dwara majer third nuu irukainadigaa chesinappudu, tone kevalam swaram yokka majer tone kante sagam com irukainadi, ledhaa mainer tone kante sagam com vedalpugaa untundih idhi quarter-tone swabhaavamlo tone nuu sagatu tone gaa pariganinchagala maroka bhaavam, mariyu quarter-com antey tarachugaa sarigga matlade ardha swabhaavamgaa enduku pariganinchabadutundo idhi vivaristundi.
oka swabhaavam.
"oka" anae padam eee krindi samaanamaina nirvachanaalanu pondavachuhu
oka swabhaavam yokka kutumbam vaaru okelanti aidava yokka stacknu yerparuchukune saadhaarana lakshanaanni panchukuntaaru, mottam tone (pradhana rendava) rendu aidava mainus oka ashtakam yokka phalitam, naalugu aidava mainus rendu ashtakaalalo pradhana moodava bhaagam. oka swabhaavaanni tarachugaa aidavava bhaganni samasheetoshnamgaa chese syntonic cama yokka bhinnam dwara vivaristaaruh quarter-com antey, atyanta saadhaarana rakam, syntonic cama dwara aidava bhaganni nigrahistundi, phalitamgaa naalugu aidava vanthu kevalam pradhana moodava vanthu, pythagarian pradhana moodava vanthu kante takkuva syntonic camanu utpatti chestundi; moodava-com antey syntonic cama dwara oka tempers, moodu aidava vanthu kevalam pradhana aarava (mariyu anduvalla kevalam chinna moodava), pythagarian cama kante takkuva syntonic camanu utpatti chestundi.
oka ardha swabhaavam anedi oka sarala swabhaavam, idhi daani generator yokka vedalpu dwara vaeru cheyabadutundi (aidavadi, tarachugaa sentlalo kolustaaru). chaaritraatmakamgaa gurtinchadagina oka swabhaavam, krinda charchinchabadinadi, eee tuning continumelo irukaina bhaganni aakramistundi, aidavadi sumaru 695 nundi 699 sentla varaku untundi.
oka swabhaavaanni vividha margallo perkonavacchuhu vaakya kamalo yea bhinnam (samvargaganitaparamgaa) dwara aidavadi chadunu cheyabadutondi (paina perkonna vidhamgaa), yea samaana swabhaavam prasnaarthakam aidavadi, tempered perfect aidava yokka vedalpu sentlalo, ledhaa mottam tone yokka nishpatti diatonic semitone. eee chivari nishpattini american swarakarta, pianist mariyu siddhaantakarta eejlee blockwood "aarr" anie pilicharu, conny vaastavaaniki daani kante chaalaa ekkuva kaalam upayogamlo undhi. idhi upayogakaramgaa untundi endukante idhi tuning yokka sraavyamaina lakshanaala gurinchi oka aalochananu istundi, mariyu endukante "r" anedi oka hetubaddhamaina sankhya ayithe, lagarithms bays 2 paramgaa aidava parimaanam ayina ledhaa, mariyu idhi manaku ashtakam yokka yea vibhajana untundo ventane chebutundi.
manam 1200 thoo guniste, manaku sentlalo aidava parimaanam untundi.
eee paramgaa, konni chaaritraatmakamgaa gurtinchadagina ardhaalu-oka tuning krinda jabita cheyabaddaayi. rendava mariyu nalgava niluvu varusalu modati niluvu varusaku sambandhinchina ujjaayimpulu. modati niluvu varusa nundi icchina ardhavantamaina tuninglo aidava viramam yokka vaastava parimaanaaniki rendava niluvu varusa yokka ujjaayimpu entha daggaragaa undho moodava niluvu varusa chooputundi.
samaana swabhaavam.
kevalam aidava ledhaa quarter-coma antey aidavadi anedi ashtakaniki hetubaddhamaina bhinnam kaadu, conny atuvanti viramam dwara aidavadi sumaruga anchanaa vese aneka tuninglu unnaayi; ivi samaana swabhaavaala ("n"-et ") upasamiti, dheenilo ashtakam samanamga vistruta viraamaala yokka kontha sankhya (" n ") gaa vibhajinchabadindi.
oka tuningla vale upayogapade samaana swabhavalalo (generator vedalpu perige kramamlo) 19-ett (~ 1/3 cama), 50-ett (~ 2/7 cama), 31-ett (~ 1/4 cama), 43-ett (~ 1/5 cama), mariyu 55-ett (~ 1/6 cama) unnaayi. tuning quarter-com nundi entha dhooram velutundo, ayithe, tuning kii takkuva sambandham harmonic timbresto untundi, idhi tuningku saripoyela paakshikaalanu tempering cheyadam dwara adhigaminchavacchu-ayithe, idhi electronic synthesiserlapy matrame saadhyamavutundi.
thodelu viramalu.
kevalam paripuurna aidava sankhyala mottam sankhyanu ennatikee ashtapadaala mottam sankhyaku jodinchadu, endukante avi lekkinchalenivi (ankaganitam yokka praathamika siddhaantaanni chudandi). oka sampoorna aidava sankhya yokka mottam sankhya ashtakaniki chaalaa daggaragaa unte, appudu aidavadaaniki samaanamaina viramalalo okati itara aidava vaati kante bhinnamaina vedalpunu kaligi undaali. udaaharanaku, pythagarian tuninglo 12-notla chromatic scalenu ashtakaniki daggaragaa cheyadaaniki, aidava viramalalo okadaanni pythagarian cama dwara tagginchaali ("avt-off-tune"); eee marchabadina aidavadi thodelu aidavadi anie pilustaaru endukante idhi daani virama parimaanamlo aidavadi laaga untundi mariyu ayidavadi ayidavadi laaga kanipistundi. ayithe, idhi nijamgaa taggina aarava (ledhaa naalugavadaaniki badulugaa moodavadi) pythagarian, c mariyu e madhya viramam cheppandi.
thodelu viramalu keyboard design yokka kalakhandam. chitram 2loe chuupina vidhamgaa isomorphic keyboardnu upayoginchi dheenini chaalaa sulabhamgaa chuupavachchu.
 isomorphic keyboardloo, edainaa sangeeta viramam anchula vadda tappa, adhi kanipinche chota adhe aakaraanni kaligi untundi. ikkada oka udaaharana. chitram 2loe chuupina keybordupai, edainaa note nundi, khachitamaina aidava adhika note ellappuduu icchina note kii paiki mariyu kudi vaipuku untundi. eee keyboard yokka note-spaanlo thodelu viramalu laevu. samasya anchuna undhi, note ii. e kante khachitamaina aidava adhikamaina note b, idhi chuupina keyboardloo cherchabadaledu (ayinappatikee dheenini pedda keyboardloo cherchavacchu, a kii kudi vaipuna unchavacchu, anduvalla keyboard yokka sthiramaina note-namuunaanu nirvahistundi). bii button lenanduna, ii power kaardnu play chesetappudu, tappipoyina bii kii badulugaa sii vanti itara notnu enchukoovaali.
samasheetoshna keyboard prati ashtakaniki takkuva buttonlanu kaligi untene, tuning loe swarabaddhamaina-pratyaekamaina gamanikalu untene, anchu paristhitulu thodelu viramalanu utpatti chestaayi (milne, 2007). udaaharanaku, chitram 2 looni isomorphic keyboard prati ashtakaniki 19 buttonlanu kaligi untundi, kabatti paina perkonna anchu-paristhiti, e nundi c varaku, 12-ett, 17-ett ledhaa 19-ett loe thodelu viramam kaadu; ayithe, idhi 26-ett, 31-ett mariyu 50-ett loe thodelu viramam. eee taruvaati tuninglalo, electronic transpositionnu upayoginchi prastuta kii yokka gamanikalanu isomorphic keyboard yokka telupu batanlapai unchavacchu, antey anyadesa keelaku modulation unnappatikee, eee thodelu viramalu tonal musiclo chaalaa arudugaa kanipistaayi.
isomorphic keyboardulu syntonic temperament yokka ardhavantamaina tuningla yokka asthira lakshanaalanu isomorphicga bahirgatam chestaayi (udaaharanaku, prati ashtakam, kii mariyu tuninglo oke sthiramaina inter-button aakaaramtho icchina viramanni bahirgatam cheyadam dwara) endukante isomorphic keyboard mariyu temperament rendoo dvi-miteeya ("i".ii.", rank-2) entiteelu (milne, 2007). oka dimensional "enn"-kii bordulu oke oka dimensional "enn"-ett tuning yokka asthira lakshanaalanu khachitamgaa bahirgatam cheyagalavu; anduvalla, oka dimensional piano-style keyboard, prati ashtakaniki 12 keelatho, oke tuning yokka asthira lakshanaalanu bahirgatam cheyagaladu 12-ett.
paripuurna aidavadi sarigga 700 sentla vedalpu (antey, sumaru syntonic cama ledhaa sarigga pythagarian cama dwara temper cheyabadinappudu) unnappudu tuning suparichitamaina 12-tone samaana swabhaavamtho samanamga untundi. idhi "r" = 2:1 unnappudu paie pattikalo kanipistundi.
yeka-dimensional piano-shaili keyboard dwara ardhavantamaina tuninglapy balavantamgaa raajeelu (mariyu thodelu viramalu) kaaranamgaa, manchi swabhaavaalu mariyu chivariki samaana swabhaavam marinta prachuryam pondaayi.
praamaanika virama paerlanu upayoginchi, pannendu aidavava aaru ashtakalu mariyu oka augmented edavaku samanam; edu ashtakalu padakondu aidavavalu mariyu oka taggina aaravaku samanam. dheenini batti, moodu "mainer moodava vanthu" vaastavaaniki augmented sekanlu (udaaharanaku, bii nundi sii), mariyu naalugu "majer moodava vanthu" vaastavaaniki taggina naalugava vanthu (udaaharanaku, bii nundi ii). aneka trayam (bii-ii-eff mariyu bii-sii-eff vantivi) eee rendu viramalanu kaligi untaayi mariyu saadhaarana aidava bhaagaalanu kaligi untaayi.
vistarinchina ardhaalu.
anni ardhavantamaina tuninglu syntonic temperament yokka chellubaatu ayye tuning paridhiloki vastaayi, kabatti anni ardhavantamaina tuninglu syntonic tuninglu. ardhaalatho sahaa anni syntonic tuninglu, prati ashtapadamlo bhavanatmakamga anantamaina sankhyalo notlanu kaligi untaayi, antey, edu sahaja notlu, edu padunaina notlu (eff nundi bii), edu chadunaina notlu (bii nundi eff), double padunaina notlu, double chadunaina notlu, triple padunaina notlu mariyu chadunaina notlu modalainavi. nijaaniki, double sharps mariyu flaatlu asaadhaaranamainavi, conny ippatikee avasaram; triple sharps mariyu flaatlu daadaapu eppuduu kanipinchavu. ashtakanni takkuva sankhyalo samanamga vistrutamaina atichinna viramaluga (12,19 ledhaa 31 vantivi) vibhajinche edainaa syntonic tuninglo, eee notla anantam ippatikee undhi, ayithe konni notlu samanamga untaayi. udaaharanaku, 19-eeteelo, eee mariyu eff oke pitch.
maanava swaram, trombone, violine vanti asthiramaina teegalu mariyu kattina fratelatho kuudina lutes vanti aneka sangeeta vaayidyaalu swaram yokka chaalaa chakkati vyatyaasaalanu cheyagalavu. eee vaayidyaalu ardhavantamaina tuningla vaadakaaniki baga saripothayi.
marovaipu, piano keyboard prati ashtakaniki pannendu bhouthika note-niyantrana parikaraalanu matrame kaligi undhi, idhi 12-ett kakunda itara tuninglaku sarigga saripodu. ardhavantamaina swabhaavamtho daadaapu anni chaaritraka samasyalu oka ashtakaniki okari anantamaina swaraalanu parimita sankhyalo piano keelaku mapp chese prayatnam valla sambhavistaayi. udaaharanaku, idhi paina charchinchina "thodelu aidava" yokka muulam. piano yokka nalla keelaku yea notlanu mapp cheyaalo enchukunetappudu, takkuva sankhyalo daggari sambandham unna keelaku saadhaaranamaina notlanu enchukovadam soukaryavantamgaa untundi, conny idhi ashtaka anchu varaku matrame panichestundi; tadupari ashtakaniki chuttetappudu, paina charchinchinatlugaa, itarula vale vedalpugaa laeni "thodelu aidava" nuu upayoginchaali.
thodelu aidava" uniki, manchi swabhaavam pravesapettadaaniki mundu, vaayidya sangeetam saadhaaranamgaa "thodelu aidava" (saadhaaranamgaa g mariyu e madhya unchabadindi) kaligi laeni aneka "surakshita" swaraalalo undataaniki oka kaaranam.
punarujjeevanam mariyu ghnaanoodayam antataa, nikola vicentino, francisco dii salinas, fabio konna, maarin mersen, christian husense mariyu isak neuton vanti vibhina siddhaantakartalu keyboard yokka pannendu notlaku minchi vistarinchina ardhavantamaina tuningla vadakanni samardhinchaaru, anduvalla vaatini "podiginchina" ardhavantamaina tuninglu anie pilustaaru. eee prayatnaalaku vincento yokka archisembalo, mersen yokka 19-ett harpsicard, colonna yokka 31-ett sambuka mariyu husense yokka 31-ett harpsicardlatho sahaa prati ashtakaniki 12 kante ekkuva notlanu niyantrinche maargaalanu andinchadaaniki keyboard parikaraala sahasambandha podigimpu avasaram. itara parikaraalu keyboardnu konni swaraalatoe matrame vistarinchaayi. konni kaalapu haarpsikaardulu mariyu avayavalu dii/ii keelanu vibhajistaayi, antey ii majer/sii mainer (4 sharps) mariyu ii majer/sii mainer (3 flaatlu) rendintinee thodelu aidava bhaagam lekunda aadavacchu. aaa parikaraalalo chaalaa varaku split zii/eah keelanu kooda kaligi untaayi, mariyu konni mottam aidu accidental keelanu kaligi untaayi.
eee pratyaamnaaya parikaraalannii "sanklishtamainavi" mariyu "gajibijigaa undevi" (isacoff, 2003), endukante (eah) isomorphic kaadu, mariyu (bii) electronicga transpose cheyagala saamarthyam ledhu, idhi isomorphic keyboardloo (plamondon, 2009) avasaramaina note-controlling batanla sankhyanu gananeeyamgaa taggistundi. eee rendu vimarsalanu electronic isomorphic keyboard parikaraala dwara parishkarinchavacchu (open soars hardware jammer keyboard vantivi), ivi ippatike unna keyboard parikaraala kante saralamainavi, takkuva gajibijigaa mariyu marinta vyakteekaranagaa undavacchu.
ardhavantamaina swabhaavam yokka upayogam.
ardhaanni suuchimchagala tuning vyavasthala suuchanalu 1496 (gafori) lone prachurinchabaddaayi, mariyu aaron (1523) nissandehamgaa ardhaanni suuchistumdi. ayithe, ganitasaastraparamgaa mottamodati khachitamaina ardhavantamaina tuning vivaranalu 16va sataabdam chivaralo francisco dii salinas mariyu geosepho jaarlino raasina grandhaalalo kanipistaayi. salinas (dii musicca libri septem, 1577loe) moodu ververu sagatu swara swabhaavaalanu vivaristundihi moodava-kamma vyavastha, rendu-edava-kamma vyavastha mariyu quarter-kamma vyavastha. athanu moodava-kamma vyavasthanu kanipettina vyakti kaavacchu, ayithe athanu mariyu jaarlino iddaroo rendu-edava-kamma vyavasthapai, spashtamgaa swatantramgaa raasaaru. lodovico fagliano quarter-kamma vyavastha gurinchi prastaavinchaadu, conny daani gurinchi etuvanti charchanu andinchaledu.
vaastavaaniki, quarter cama antey oka vyavastha (ledhaa maray itara oka vyavastha) chaalaa kaalam varaku puurti khachitatvamto amalu cheyabadaledu, endukante 19va sataabdam madhyakaalam varaku pitch pounahpunyaalanu khachitamgaa kolavagala parikaraalu laevu. conny tunorlu iteevala varaku "chevi dwara" tunorlu upayoginchina adhe paddhatini upayoginchagalavuh aidava vanthu varaku vellandi,
mariyu ashtapadaalu dwara krindiki, ledhaa aidavadi dwara krindiki, mariyu ashtapadaalu dwara paiki, mariyu aidavadi "temper" kabatti avi moodinta rendintiloo kante "konchem" chinnaviga untaayi.
12 tone samaanamaina tuning kosam, avi "1/4 cama" kante konchem takkuvagaa undaali, endukante avi chivarilo cama lekunda khachitamaina chakranni yerparachukovali, ayithe "sagatu" tuning ippatikee migili unna camanu kaligi untundi.
tunorlu chevi dwara "quarter cama" nii elaa nammadagina vidhamgaa gurtinchagalavu anedi konchem suukshmamgaa untundi. idhi frequencylo sumaru 0.3%, idhi madhya c (~ 264 cps) kii sameepamlo, sekanuku oka chakram, kabatti vaaru khachitamaina aidava bhaganni suuchanagaa upayoginchadam dwara mariyu eee retutho beetlanu utpatti cheyadaaniki tempered notnu sardubaatu cheyadam dwara deenni cheyavachu. ayithe, beats yokka frequencini note yokka frequenseeki anugunamgaa koddigaa sardubaatu cheyalsi untundi.
gatamlo, oka swabhaavam konnisaarlu itara paerlu ledhaa vivaranalatoe upayoginchabadindi ledhaa soochinchabadindi. udaaharanaku, 1691loe christian husense ashtakapu kotta vibhajana anie taanu vishwasinche daanini parichayam cheyalane uddesyamto thana "letre touchent lae saikil harmonic" ("harmonic saikilku sambandhinchina lekha") nuu raasaadu. eee lekhalo husense anekasaarlu, tulanaatmakamgaa, sampradaaya tuning amarikanu prastaavinchaaru, dheenini ayana "temperament ordinire" ledhaa "prati okkaroo upayoginchedi" gaa vividha rakaluga suuchimchaadu. conny eee sampradaaya amarika gurinchi husense vivarana chaalaa khachitamainadi, mariyu ippudu (quarter-coma) antey oka swabhaavam anie vargeekarinchabadina daanitoe spashtamgaa gurtinchabadutundi.
punarujjeevanam mariyu barok yokka munupati sangeetamtho anubandhinchabadina tuning vatavaranamga meandon baga telisinappatikii, 19va sataabdam madhyakaalam varaku keyboard swabhaavamgaa meandon nirantaram upayoginchabadataaniki aadharalu unnaayi. 20va sataabdam chivaralo prarambha sangeeta pradarsanaku mariyu kottagaa swaraparichina rachanalalo zaan audums, gyorgi ligeti mariyu douglus leedeetho sahaa swarakartalache pratyaekamgaa suuchimchabadaalani koorutuu oka swabhaavam gananeeyamaina punaruddharananu kaligi undhi.