
shaan pedro nadhi (arizona)

shaan pedro nadhi anedi meksikoolooni sonoraloni kenania munisipaalitiilooni arizonaloni sierra vistaaku dakshinaana antarjaateeya sarihadduku dakshinaana udbhavinchina uttara disagaa pravahinche pravaham. eee nadhi kananiyaloni sassedaku thoorpuna itara pravaahaala (laas neutrias mariyu ell saas) sangamam vadda praarambhamavutundi. arizona lopala, eee nadhi kochis county, pima county, graham county mariyu pinal county gundaa uttaraana pravahistundi, idhi gilaa naditoe, arizonaloni winkelman vadda sangamistundi. idhi americaloni nairutilo chivari pradhana, anachiveta laeni edaari nadhi, mariyu idhi samyukta raashtraalloni pakshula vaividhyamlo moodinta rendu vantulaku aatidhyam istunnanduna idhi pradhana paryaavarana praamukhyatanu kaligi undhi, indulo 100 jaatula santanotpatti pakshulu mariyu daadaapu 300 jaatula valasa pakshulu unnaayi.
charitra.
shaan pedro loyaloki pravesinchina mottamodati prajalu 10,000 samvatsaraala kritam nundi ikkada mamutnu vaetaadina clovis prajalu. shaan pedro loyalo uttara americalo clovis pradaesaala saandrata ekkuvagaa undhi. lehner mamuth-kill sait, murre springs clovis sait mariyu nako mamuth-kill sait konni clovis saitlu.
vaetagaadu-sangraahaka, kochis samskruti taruvaata eee praantaanni cree puu 5000 nundi 200 madhya nivasamga chesindi. aaa taruvaata marinta abhivruddhi chendina mogolan, hohocom mariyu salado samskrutulu shaashwata gruhalanu nirminchi ikkada vyavasaayamlo nimagnamayyayi. modati europeanlu vachhe samayaniki eee samskrutulu adrusyamayyaayi mariyu shaan pedro nadhi sobaipuri prajalaku nivasamga undedi.
shaan pedro nadini sandarsinchina modati europeanlu kabeja dii vaaka, frey marcos dii niza ledhaa caronado yaatra yokka paarteelu kaavacchu, mariyu eee samuuhaala prayaanaaniki inca puraavastu aadharalu laenappatikee, eguva shaan pedro "sibola trail" yokka vistrutamgaa gurtinchabadina mariyu upayoginchina kaalu anie chaalaa gattiga sthaapinchabadindi."jesuit poojaari eusebio kino 1692loe shaan pedro mariyu babokomari nadula vembadi unna gramalanu sandarsinchi, ventane eee praantaaniki modati pasuvulanu parichayam chesaaru (caronado pasuvulu manugada saaginchaledani/santanotpatti cheyaledani bhaavinchi).
1762 natiki apachi dopidi valla sobaipuri mariyu spanish shaan pedro loya nundi bayataku vellipoyayani vistrutamgaa nammutaaru, idhi 1800 la prarambham varaku ekkuvagaa janavasalu lekunda undipoyindi. ayithe, iteevali adhyayanam chuupinatlugaa idhi nijam kaadu. 1780laloe sobaipuri migilipoyina vaarandaruu inca nadhi vembadi nivasistunnatlu patraalu perkonnaayi. 1800laloe documentary recordulo prastaavinchabadani madhya shaan pedro vembadi adanapu sobaipuri sthaavaraalanu puraavastu shaastram dhruveekarinchindi.
paschima uttara americaloni chaalaa nadula maadirigaane shaan pedro nadhi yokka prarambha american anveshana, beaver peltla anveshana dwara nadapabadindi. james ohiyo paatii mariyu athani tandri 1826loe gilaa nadhi mariyu taruvaata shaan pedro nadhi krinda bochu tropperla brundaanni nadipinchaaru, idhi entha vijayavantamaindante athanu shaan pedroni beaver nadhi anie pilichadu. yuddha konda" (bahusha aadhunika malpoys konda) vadda apachi bhaaratheeyulu (bahusha aravaipa byaand) partypai daadi chesaaru, akkada vaaru taruvaata 200 beaver peltlanu dachipetti kolpoyaru.
1846loe morman betalian nadhi loya gundaa kavaatu chesindi, mariyu betalian california vaari prayaanamloo pooraadina ekaika yuddham nadhi sameepamlo jarigindi. betalian uniki aneka adavi pasuvulalo utsukatanu rekettinchindi, eee mandala eddulu vyaaganlanu, gayapadina gaadidalanu debbateesaayi. dheeniki pratispandanagaa, aaa vyaktulu dozenla koddi charging eddulanu kalchi champaru. morman sthiranivaasulu taruvaata 1877loe eee praantaaniki tirigi vacchi oka sthaavaraanni kanugonnaru, adhi seintga maarindi. david, mariyu huwachuka koota mariyu samadhi raayi nirmaanaaniki kalapanu andinchadaaniki huwachuka parvataalanu lagin chesaadu.
19va sataabdamloo eee nadhi nadhee chittadi neelalu, nadeeteera adavulu, "sporobolus" gaddi bhoomulu mariyu vistrutamaina beaver cheruvulatho vankaragaa pravahinche pravaahamgaa undedi. eee praantam vegavantamaina vaataavarana vedekkadam mariyu endabettadam (beaver tolagimpu mariyu pedda ettuna pasuvula parichayamtho yaadruchikam; paraspara sambandham neerugaa sthaapinchabadaledu) nadini tagginchi, nairuti disalo aneka nadulapai gamaninchina aroyo erpade prakriyaloo vistarinchindi. 1895loe, zhe. eah. alen aagneya arizona nundi vacchina ksheeradaala sekarananu vivarinchaadu, "shaan pedro yokka muulaalapai, sonoralo, dozenu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva mandhi kaalaneelo 1893 varaku vaari ladgelu undevi, appudu oka tropper vaatini dadapuga nirmuulinchaadu. tellani parvathaalaloni anni pravahalalo beaver aanakattalu unnaayi, ayithe chaalaa jantuvulu chikkukunnayi."malarianu nivaarinchadaaniki 1920la natiki fort huwachuka nundi sainikula nundi beaver anakattalanu dynamite cheyadam dwara beaver chivaraku tolaginchabadindi. 20va sataabdam madhya natiki okappudu shaashwata nadhi varshakalamlo matrame pravahinchindi mariyu beaver, fluvial chittadi neelalu mariyu sporobolus gaddi bhoomulu asadhaaranamgaa undevi. vaidyudu prakruti shaastravetta edger alegzander merns '1907 "united states yokka mexican sarihaddu ksheeradaalu" shaan pedro nadhi mariyu babokomari nadipai beaver ("caster canadensis") nuu nivedinchaaru. shaan pedro nadhi beaver mexico nundi wyoming mariyu montana varaku unna kotta upajaatulaina "caster canadensis frondator" ledhaa "sonora beaver" nuu suuchistumdani merns paerkonnaaru.
paryaavaranam.
shaan pedro nadhi anedi "skye ilands" yokka madrian dveepasamuuham yokka kendra carridar, daani chuttoo unna sonoran edaari "samudraalu" yokka paryaavarana saastraaniki bhinnamgaa pratyaekamaina paryaavarana vyavasthalatho unna ettaina parvataalu.
300 kante ekkuva jaatula pakshulu eee nadhi odduna goodu kattutaayi ledhaa dakshina, madhya mariyu uttara america madhya valasa velletappudu eee caridarnu upayogistaayi. indulo pasupu-billu kokila ("coxizus americanus") untundi. eee praantamloo jagwar (panthera onka), kotimundi (nasuva narika), beaver (caster canadensis frontdar), 20 jaatula gabbilalu mariyu aneka rakaala elukalatho sahaa 80 kante ekkuva jaatula ksheeradaalu unnaayi. 65 kii paiga jaatula sareesrupaalu mariyu ubhayacharaalu kooda unnaayi, vaatilo sonoran tiger salamonder ("ambistoma mavortium stebinsi") mariyu westran barking fragg ("eleutherodoctylus augusty") unnaayi. eee nadiki chendina konni mukhyamaina chepala jaatulu antarinchipothunna gilaa chub ("gilaa intermedia"), langfin mariyu speckled days, sonora sakar mariyu edaari sakar mariyu roundtail chub. eee vrukshajaalamlo fremant cotton wood ("populus fremanti"), gooding villo ("salix guddingi"), velvet mesquite chetlu mariyu huwachuka water boddu ("liliopsis shafneriana esppi") unnaayi. rikarwa), samakhyalo antarinchipotunnatlugaa jabita cheyabadindi.
iteevali dasaabdaalalo, dakshina arizonalo vegavantamaina perugudala mariyu janabha perugudala eee nadipai aandolana kaliginchaayi. eee samasyapai avagahana penchadaaniki iteevali samvatsaraalalo aneka laabhaapekshaleni samsthalu edigaayi. eguva shaan pedro loyalo daadaapu nalabhai mailla rakshana kosam 1988loe shaan pedro reparian national conservation area (spranka) sthaapinchabadindi. prakruti parirakshana samsthaku pareevaahaka praantamloo shaan pedro nadhi samrakshana, aravaipa loya samrakshana, mulshu gaddibeedu samrakshana, ramse loya samrakshana mariyu iteevala rancho laas fresnos vanti aneka samrakshana kendraalu kooda unnaayi. nadhi muulaaniki sameepamlo unna rancho laas fresnos, atipedda sienega, oka vivikta edaari bugga ledhaa chittadi naela, shaan pedro nadhi pareevaahaka praantamloo migili undhi. nairuti disalo 99 saatam sienegaalu paarudala chesi naasanam cheyabadinanduna dheeni rakshana mukhyam.
samvatsaramlo ekkuva bhaagam nadhi endipovadamtho, beuro off land management (blm) vanyapraanula jeevasaastravetta maark fredlake podi seasonlo neeti pravahalanu nilupukodaniki mariyu chaaritraatmaka reparian vrukshasampada tirigi peragadaaniki thodpadataaniki pareevaahaka praantaaniki beevarnu punaruddharinchaalani pratipaadinchaaru. nadeeteera aavasalu nairuti praantamloo kevalam 1 saatam matrame vistarinchi unnaayi, conny 50 saatam santanotpatti pakshi jaatulaku maddatu istayi mariyu valasa pakshulaku aahara vanarugaa keelakam. beaver aanakattalu neeti mattanni penchutaayani, podi kaalamlo bhoogarbha jalaalu nadhi pravahanni recharge cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistaayani fredlake abhiprayapaddaru. 1999 nundi 2002 varaku, kochis kounteelooni nadhi yokka oka bhaagamaina sprankalo 19 beevarlanu vidudala chesaaru. 2006 natiki 30kii paiga aanakattalu undevi. beaverlu kooda vistrutamgaa mariyu vaegamgaa chedaragottabaddaayi. oka beaver 100 maillaku paiga dhooramlo unna aravaipa loyaku valasa vachindi; marokati gilaa nadhi vadda unna nadhi yokka mugimpuku valasa velli, "surfing beaver" anae paerunu sampaadinchindi; mariyu itarulu meksikoloki cherukoni, nadhi eguva upanadula venta aneka anakattalanu nirminchaaru. pakshula vaividhyamlo kolavagalige perugudala mariyu lothaina kolanulu mariyu shaashwata pravaahaala erpaatutho eee karyakramam vijayavantamaindi. 2008loe varadala kaaranamgaa anni beaver aanakattalu dhvamsamayyaayi, dheeni taruvaata sudeergha karuvu erpadindi. ayithe, chaaritraka kaalamlo maadirigaa beaver shaan pedro nadiki baga anugunamgaa unnatlu anipistundi, mariyu 2009 aanakattala sankhya 30 kante ekkuvagaa undhi, prastuta janabha 30 nundi 120 madhya undhi. oka chinna veediyo nadini punaruddharinchadaaniki tirigi pravesapettina beaver vadakanni sameekshistundi. eguva nadiloe, tirigi pravesapettina beaverlu villo mariyu pool aavasalanu srushtinchaayi, idhi antarinchipothunna nairuti villo fly catcher ("empidonax traily extimus") paridhini 2005loe namodu cheyabadina dakshinaana dhruveekarinchadagina goodu thoo vistarinchindi.
pareevaahaka praantam.
shaan pedro nadhi sumaru kochis, graham, pima mariyu pinal kounteelalooni oka praantaanni pravahistundi. dheeni pravaaha maargam huwachuka, muel, wheatstone, dragoon, rinkon, little rinkon, winchester, galiuro, tortilla mariyu santa katalina parvathaalatho chuttumuttabadina lothaina avakshepana pareevaahaka praantaalanu daati velutundi. shaan pedro nadiki aneka upanadulu neeru andistaayi, ivi saadhaaranamgaa, pradhana kaandanki dadapuga lambamgaa unde saapekshamgaa chinna mariyu nitaruga unna pareevaahaka praantaalanu paaristaayi. daani podavulo ekkuva bhaagam shaan pedro avakshepana pareevaahaka nikshepaala niksheepaalapai pravahistundi, ayinappatikee idhi charleston vadda samadhi raathi kondala vadda mariyu fair byaank sameepamlo, cascabelku dakshinaana, reddington sameepamlo, mariyu mallee dudleywille (heindle, 1952) vadda irukaina raallatho kattubadi undhi. rendu pradhana upanadulu, babokomari nadhi mariyu aravaipa creak, okkokkati vistrutamaina raathi-rekhala saagateetalanu kaligi unnaayi. chaaritraatmakamgaa shaan pedro irukaina pradaesaalaloo eguva mariyu diguva praantalugaa vibhajinchabadindi.
mae 27,2011naa, a U.ess. shaan pedro nadhi pravahalanu tirigi nimpadaaniki upasamana pranaalikalu lekunda bhoogarbha jalaalanu pump cheyalane fort huwachaka pranaalika antarinchipothunna nairuti villo fly catcher ("empidonax trailly") mariyu huwachuka neeti godugunu rakshinchadamlo viphalamaindani jilla nyaayamuurti teerpu icchaaru, tadwara avi vaati pramaada sthithi nundi kolukogalavu. center pharr biological diversity mariyu marikopa aaduban society teesukuvacchina rendava daavaaku pratispandanagaa eee teerpu vachindi. 2002loe, kendram daakhalu chesina munupati daavaaku pratispandanagaa, maroka nyaayamuurti neeti pumpingnu tagginchavacchani munupati vanyapraanula seva jeeva abhiprayanni visiraru.
bhoogarbha shaastram, polyontology.
nadhi pareevaahaka vaataavaranam kaaranamgaa shaan pedro loya holocene ksheerada silaajaalaku oka pradaesam.
iteevali dasaabdaalalo, arizona bhougolika samajam eee praantampai, alaage parisoedhakulapai drushti pettindi. abhivruddhi ottillu, vinodam mariyu bhoogarbhajalaala sekarana eee praantaanni rakshinchaalane iteevali aandolanalaku daariteesaayi. iteevali varada maidaana adhyayanam, bhoogarbha neeti pravaaha vanarulanu ardham chesukovadaniki, nadhi yokka oka bhaagamlo, holocene varada maidaana ondru mariyu daani charitrapai drushti pettindi.
bahya linkulu.
bhoogarbha shaastram, bhoogarbha jalaalu, polyontology

