neumoridae

neumoridae anedi orthoptera kramamlo ratriputa chinna kommula midatala kutumbam, dheenini saadhaaranamgaa muutraasayam midutalu anie pilustaaru mariyu suupar family pneumoroidia yokka ekaika pratinidhi. vaari vaividhya kendram dakshina aafrikaalo undhi, conny oka jaathi uttaraana dakshina sudan varaku kanipistundi. chaalaa mandhi vayojana magavaaru pottikadupu ubbina pottikadupunu pondutaaru, idhi vistarinchina dhwani utpattiki oka pratyekata, idhi bahusha daani praathamika pani. chaalaa jaatulu adbhutamaina laingika dviruupatanu pradarsistaayi, mariyu aneka jaatulu dwandwa maga samalakshanaanni pradarsistaayi.
vivarana.
avi ratriputa, pratyaekamaina saakaahaarulu, ivi (konni minahaayimpulato) dakshina aafrikaaloni theera praantaalaku sthaanikamainavi. rasavantamaina kaaruu paryaavarana praantamloo kanipinche "pneumoracris brauni" athi chinna jaathi, ayithe atipeddadi vistruta shreni afromontain atavee jaathi, "physophorina livingstoni".
laingika dviruupata.
vayojana purushula shareera podavu 11.5 nundi 68 mimi varaku, mariyu streela shareera podavu 22 nundi 107 mimi varaku untundi. oka nirdishta jaatiki chendina magavaariki puurtigaa abhivruddhi chendina rekkalatho kuudina ubbina sareeram undavacchu ledhaa undakapovachhu, ledhaa rendu maarflu undavacchu. magavaariki pedda oselli, pramukhamgaa crested pronotum untundi mariyu parimaanamlo chinnaviga untaayi. aada sareeraalu peddavigaa untaayi mariyu ubbinavi kaavu, mariyu takkuva elatra mariyu rekkalanu matrame kaligi untaayi. aada oselli avasheshaalu mariyu pronotum marinta tectiformga untundi, ayithe dhwani-utpatti vidhanam puurtigaa bhinnamgaa untundi.
purushulu.
chaalaa jaatula vayojana magavaaru chivari molt vadda ubbina, muutraasayam lanty pottikadupunu pondutaaru. vaati pottikadupu bhagalu sannani, ardha paaradarsaka puurnaamkaanni kaligi untaayi mariyu podavu mariyu vedalpulo vistaristaayi, ayithe khandana poralu chaalaa taggutaayi. magavaaru pedda calls, podavaina mariyu chaalaa lothaina rosping sabdaanni utpatti cheyagalaru, veetini vaari jaatula sabhyulu 2 kimmy dhooram nundi gurtinchagalaru. magavaaru tama balaheenamaina venuka emuka lopali uparitalampai ubbina, bolu pottikadupu yokka moodava tergite meeda vyatiraeka raspku vyatiraekamgaa raaspnu stridulate cheyadam dwara coll chestaaru. eee sclerotised pottikadupu gatlu ardhachandrakara varusanu yerparustaayi, mariyu vaati khachitamaina sankhya vargeekarana madhya thedaanu gurtinchadamlo kontha viluvanu kaligi untundi. ubbina sareeram laeni jaatulalo, eee aksharalu avasheshaalu matrame. maga rekkalu aadima padanirmaana saastraanni kaligi untaayi, mariyu dhwanini utpatti cheyadaaniki saripovu. vaari rekkala venation vaastavaaniki anni acrydoidialalo saralamainadi.
streelu.
streelu yugalageetaalu padatam dwara samadhanam istaaru. avi vaeru cheyadagina kaalnu utpatti cheyadaaniki vaerae dhwani yantraamgaanni upayogistaayi, konnisaarlu adhika arupulugaa varninchabadataayi mariyu bahusha manavulaku paakshikamgaa matrame vinabadataayi. pottikadupuku vyatiraekamgaa balamaina dantaalatoe saayudhamaina balamaina rekkala siralanu ruddadam dwara idhi bahusha utpatti avutundi, idhi pronotamnu adhika konamlo penchadam dwara sulabhataram cheyabadutundi ledhaa kalisi untundi.
paryaavaranam.
oka jaatilo, praathamika (plesiomarph) mariyu pratyaamnaaya (apomorph) maga roopam vibhina samyoga vyuuhaalatoe talettavachhu. eee marphs vivaralu pneumorine (dirsh 1975) mariyu parabullacrine (dirsh 1975) anae rendu upa kutumbaala vivaranaku aadharam. moodu samuuhaalanu vaati paryaavarana shaastram aadhaaramgaa vaeru cheyavachu, avi adavi, upanta mariyu edaari samuuham, veetilo atavee jaatulu atyanta praachiinamainavi.
jaathi mariyu jaatulu.
jaatulu mariyu jaatula jabita
genus "bullacris" 
genus "parabullacris" 
genus "physimacris" 
genus "paraphysemacris" 
genus "peringuacris" 
genus "pneumoracris" 
genus "prostalia" 
genus "physiophorina" 
genus "neumora" 

