
kamenge sanghatanalu

kaamenge sanghatanalu () ledhaa kaamenge allarlu anevi 1962 janavarilo burundilooni bujumbura looni kaamenge quarterlo nirvahinchina saayudha daadulu mariyu hatyala shreni. veetini syndicats cretians trade union mariyu party du peepul yokka hutu nayakulaku vyatiraekamgaa genesse jaateeyavaadi ragasore ugravaadulu chesaaru. aadhunika burundilo jaathi himsaku modati pradhana udaaharana kaamenge sanghatanalu.
nepathyam.
burundilo raajakeeya paristhiti.
20va sataabdamloo burundilo moodu pradhana sthaanika jaathi samuuhaalu undevi hutu, tutsey mariyu twa. eee praantaanni 1800la chivaralo german saamrajyam valasarajyam chesindi mariyu german thoorpu aafrikaalo bhaagamgaa paripaalinchindi. uttaraana burundi mariyu poruguna unna ravandalo, germanlu paroksha palananu konasaaginchaaru, sthaanika saamaajika nirmaanaalu chekkuchedarakunda undipoyaayi. eee vyavastha kinda, tutsi minoritylu saadhaaranamgaa kuleenulugaa chaaritraatmakamgaa unnata hodaanu pondaaru, ayithe gudiselu saamaajika nirmaanamloo diguva bhaganni akraminchayi. raacharika mariyu raacharika paalakulu oka pratyaekamaina jaathi samuuham, ganwaku chendinavaaru, ayithe kalakramena eee vyatyaasam yokka raajakeeya praamukhyata ksheeninchindi mariyu eee varganni tutsey samuuham vileenam chesindi. modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo, belgian kango nundi belgian dalaalu burundi mariyu ravaandaalanu akraminchayi. 1919loe, noothana leag off nations aadhvaryamlo, belgianiki "ruwanda-uruundii" nuu tappanisari bhoobhagamgaa nirvahinche baadhyata ivvabadindi. bhoobhaagamlo saamaajika purogatini prothsahinchaalsina baadhyata unnappatikee, belgianlu sthaanika adhikara nirmaanaalanu maarchaledu. rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata, aikyaraajyasamiti erpadindi mariyu belgium paripaalanalo ruwanda-urundee oka trust bhoobhagamgaa maarindi, dheeniki belgianlu sthaanikulaku rajakeeyamgaa avagahana kalpinchi, vaarini swaatantryam kosam siddham cheyalsina avasaram erpadindi.
belgium paripalana 1950la chivaralo burundilo raajakeeya samskaranalanu pravesapettindi. 1958loe yuvaraju luis ravagasore union pore lae progress national (uprona) thoo bhaareega palupanchukunnadu. vividha praantaalu, jaatulu mariyu kulaalalo vistruta-punaadi aakarshanhato upronanu oka saamuuhika partyga maarchadaaniki rvagasore prayatninchaadu. ravandalo perugutunna hutu-tutsey sangharshana patla apramattamgaa, athanu rendu samuuhaala sabhyulanu uprona naayakatvamloki teesukuraavadam dwara udriktatalanu edurkovadaniki prayatninchaadu. jaateeya mariyu sthaanika sthaayilalo adhikaarika party sthaanaalu saadhaaranamgaa gudiselu mariyu tutsila madhya samanamga vibhajinchabaddaayi, ayithe taruvativi atyanta mukhyamaina karyalayalanu aakraminchevi. uprona antargata niyamaalu kendra kamiteeki baadhyatalanu ketayinchayi, conny aacharanalo party ragasore korikatho panichesindi; idhi saapekshamgaa balaheenamaina samsthaagata saamarthyaanni nilupukundi mariyu athani aakarshanheeyamaina naayakatvam kalisi unchindi.
1961 septembaru ennikalaloo uprona saasanasabhalo adhika majority sthaanaalanu geluchukundi, mariyu ravagasore prabhutvaanni erpaatu cheyamani koraru. 1961 aktobaru 13naa pratipaksha party sabhyulu roopondinchina kutralo ravagasore hatyaku gurayyadu. athani maranam upronalo vibhajanalanu rekettinchindi, mariyu hutu ayina paal mirerecano mariyu kotta ganwa pradhana mantri andrey muhirwa madhya satrutvaaniki aajyam poesindi. iddaroo divangata pradhani vaarasatvaaniki vaarasulu anie cheppukunnaru mariyu vaariddaruu ayana nepathyamlo uprona adhyakshudiga maaradaaniki prayatninchaaru. taanu prabhutvamlo ravagasore sthaanaanni sweekarinchinanduna paarteeki naayakatvam vahinche hakku tanaku undani vaadistuu muhirwa modatlo adhyaksha padavini prakatinchukunnaaru. 1961 madhyalo ravagasore tananu party taatkaalika adhyakshudiga niyaminchaadane kaaranamtho mirerecano dheenini vyatiraekimchaaru. nayakatva vivaadam chivariki paarteelo rendu vargaala ekikaranaku daariteesindi, muhirwa "casablanca group" kuu naayakatvam vahinchagaa, mirecano "monrovia group" kuu naayakatvam vahinchaaru. modatidi, tutsilatho sambandham kaligi, saadhaaranamgaa daani raajakeeya dhoranilo paschima vyatiraekata kaligi undagaa, rendodi, gudiselato sambandham kaligi, paschimaana marinta mitamaina vaikharini teesukundi.
syndicats cretians mariyu genesse jaateeyavaadi ragasore.
eee dasalo uprona nayakula nundi mirerecano dhooram ayinappatikee, chaalaa gudiselu paarteeki maddatugaa nilichayi. hutu raajakeeya chaitanyam 1961 ennikalaloo chaalaa takkuva aadarana pondina oka chinna ganatantra samuuham ayina party du peepul (pipi) kii parimitam cheyabadindi. chaalaa mandhi burundian hutu nayakulu belgium aadhaarita confederation off christian trade unionla anubandha samsthagaa 1958loe sthaapinchabadina syndicats cretians anae kaarmika sanghamlo cheraaru. namamatramga raajakeeyam kaanappatikee, eee union hutu raajakeeya kaaryakalaapaalaku kendramgaa maarindi. eee hutu ganatantra medhaavula samuuham bujumburaku matrame parimitam ayinappatikee, upronaloni tutsey nayakulu daani gurinchi teevra anumanalu vyaktam chesaaru.
tutsey vishwavidyaalayam vidyaarthulu prime neongabo mariyu gilles bimajubute 1959loe union culture leey dii laa genesse africain du burundi (uczeb) nuu sthaapinchaaru. idhi yuvata kosam pragatiseela jaateeyavaada samuuhamgaa bhaavinchabadindi, conny pakshapaata anubandhalu laevu. 1961 saasanasabha ennikala taruvaata, idhi upronatho pottu pettukundi mariyu dheeniki genesse jaateeyavaadi ragasore (jnr) gaa paeru maarchabadindi. appatiki, itara uprona sabhyulaku prothsaaham mariyu prabhavam appatike ivvabadindi, mariyu jnr nayakulu asantruptulaina prati-unnatavargamgaa maararu. swaatantryaaniki mundu nelallo, bujambura yokka sthaanika vibhaagaalanu niyantrinchadaaniki baadhyata vahinche "samaantara nirmaanam" gaa jnrnu perkonadam dwara burundian prabhutvam dheenini saha-empika cheyadaaniki prayatninchindi. prabhutvam mariyu upronaalu udyamaaniki puurtigaa niyantrananu pondakapoyinappatiki, jnr ugravaadulu eee panini utsaahamgaa nirvahinchaaru. idhi teevravaada tutsey ugravaada samuuhamgaa abhivruddhi chendindi.
sanghatanalu.
1962 janavari praarambhamlo, syndicats cretians bujumburaaloni college du seyint-esprit vadda oka samavesanni nirvahinchindi. daani mugimpulo, aaa samstha oka prakatnanu vidudala chesindi, idhi "jnr yokka rechagotte charyalu mariyu viplavaatmaka vaikharini khandinchindi. aaa patram jnr "dvesham mariyu dookudu pracharam chestondani" aaropinchindi mariyu belgium ledhaa burundian prabhutvaalu yuvata udyamaanni nigrahinchadaaniki mariyu saantini nirdhaarinchadaaniki jokyam chesukokapothe union "aatmarakshana vidhananni praarambhinchi", sammelaku daariteestundani perkondi.
janavari 13naa, juuniyar teevravaada pomphile bicobok, bujumbura yokka bergomaster niyaminchina kortu adhikari anie abaddhamgaa cheppukuntuu, bubanja provinceloni mujaji communelo iddaru hutu nayakulanu arrestu cheyadaaniki nakilee vaarentlanu upayoginchaadu. marusati roeju, neongabo bujumbura looni kamenge parisaraallooni center educatiffe ett soshal loe jnr sabhyulatho samavesam nirvahinchaaru. aaa tarvaata jnr ugravaadulu syndicats cretians mariyu pipilatho anubandhinchabadina gudiselanu lakshyamgaa chesukuni varusa saayudha daadulanu nirvahinchaaru. vaaru kaamengelo naalugu illaku nippu pettaru mariyu syndicats cretians adhyakshudu mariyu pipi jaateeya karyadarshi zeane nanduvaabaiknu raallatho kotti champaru. syndicats cretians shaashwata karyadarshi mariyu burundi upaadhyaayula sangham jaateeya karyadarshi severin endinjurwaha, pipi sabhyudu mariyu paatasaala principal basil natavumenyakariji mariyu baruvura anie matrame piluvabade vyakti kooda hatya cheyabaddaaru.
paryavasanalu.
raajakeeya prabhavalu.
aadhunika burundilo jaathi himsaku modati pradhana udaaharana kaamenge sanghatanalu. upronaloni hutu nayakulu himsanu chuusi digbhraantiki gurayyaru. perugutunna tutsey aadhipatya bhaavaala phalitamgaa himsa jarigindani prarambha monrovia vargam sabhyulu bhayapaddaru. sanghatanala taruvaata upronalo jaathi vibhajanalu twaragaa perigayi. daani sabhyulu kondaru jnr thoo anadhikaarika sambandhaalanu konasaginchadamto, mirerecano muhirwa mariyu athani prabhutvam gurinchi ekkuvagaa anumaaninchabaddaadu. juunloo, jaateeya assemblylo hutu pratinidhulu antargata vyavahaaraala mantri zeane ntiruhama allarla samayamlo jnr naayakulatoe sahakarinchaarani, niyamakalalo pakshapaatam mariyu jaathi dweshaanni prerepinchadamto sahaa 30 kii paiga anuchita aaropanalaku kaaranamayyaarani aaropinchaaru. samvatsaram chivari natiki, monrovia mariyu casablanca vargaalu assemblylo patishtamayyayi. uparona nayakatva vivaadaanni konasaginchinanduku mirerecanonu arrestu cheyadaaniki ntiruhama prayatninchina taruvaata, naalugo swami mwambutsa atanni prabhutvam nundi tolaginchadaaniki erpaatlu chesaadu. hutu deputylu bujumbura ildefones natamikevo governor charyalu mariyu allarlalo chikkukunna juuniyar sabhyulapai vichaaranalo public prosecutor karyalayam yokka teermaanaalanu kooda prasninchaaru.
criminal charyalu.
eee sanghatanalalo athani paatraku, neongaboku belgian dharmakartrutva nyaayasthaanaalu 18 nelala jailu siksha vidhinchaayi, athanu taanganyikaaku paaripovadam dwara tappinchukunnadu. 1963loe muhirwa sthaanamlo burundi modati hutu premiere piere engendandamwe niyaminchabaddaadu. kaamenge sanghatanalaku sambandhinchi engendandamwe prabhutvam jnr sabhyulapai adanapu charyanu korindi-nyaya mantri francois karisabiye palgonna vaari kosam vichaarananu abhyardhinchaaru-idhi tutsey vidyaarthula nundi nirasanalanu srushtinchindi. 1963 chivaralo neongabo 20 samvatsaraala jailu siksha anubhavinchaadu. aaa taruvaati samvatsaram engendandamwe sthaanamlo albin nyamoya niyaminchabaddaadu. nyamoya prabhutvam cummenez sanghatanalaku sambandhinchina anni criminal charyalanu nilipivesindi mariyu nyaya mantri pierry ngunju athani baavamaridi neongabopai vidhinchina sikshanu raddu chesaaru. eee vyavaharanni prabhutvam nirvahistunna teerupai assemblylo asantrupti paakshikamgaa 1964loe daaniki vyatiraekamgaa khandana teermaanaanni pravesapettadaaniki prerepinchindi.

