
gambialo islam

gambialo islam pradhana matam, idhi 2 millionla janabhalo 95 saataaniki praatinidhyam vahistundi, desamlo modati muslim samajalu 11va sataabdamloo vachayi. anduvalla islam charitra antataa gambiapai prabhavam choopindi, mariyu daani samskruti, samajam mariyu rajakeeyaalanu prabhaavitam chestune undhi. gambia muslimlalo ekkuva mandhi sufism prabhaavamtho maaliki nyaayasaastra paatasaalaku chendina sunneelu. oka chinna shiya community undhi, idhi ekkuvagaa lebanese mariyu arab valasala nundi udbhavinchindi. ahmadiya udyamam kooda undhi. kaathalikkulu, protestantlu, hinduvulu mariyu saampradaaya african mathaalatho sahaa itara matha samajalu desamlo unnaayi.
charitra.
prarambha charitra.
gambialo islam yokka aadharalu 11va sataabdam prarambham nundi unnaayi, idhi uttara african muslim vyaapaarula raaka nundi udbhavinchindi. satabdaalugaa perugutunna prabhavam, mukhyamgaa islaamik panditulache teesukuvacchina taruvaata, 19va sataabdamloo islam desamlo pradhana matamgaa maarindi. marabou islaamistula netrutvamloni jihaadula shreni ayina soninke-marabout yuddhalu (1850) phalitamgaa chaalaa mandhi soninke gambianlu (saampradaaya matha anucharulu) islam matamloki maararu.
british aakramana.
20va sataabdam praarambhamlo, islam prabhavam british aakramanalo konasaagindi. 1905loe british paalana oka islaamik nyaayasthaanaanni sthaapinchadaaniki anumati ichindi mariyu gambian muslimla kesulanu vinadaniki oka khaadii adhikaarini niyaminchindi. islaamik kortulu lanchanapraya nyaya vyavasthanu nirdharinchaayi, mukhyamgaa chaalaa takkuva krodikarinchabadina saampradaaya, valasavaada puurva nyaayasthaana vidhaanaalatho polchinappudu. ayithe, british valasadaarula niyantranalo unna gambia sarvonnata nyayasthaanam konni sandarbhaallo khaadii teesukunna nirnayaalanu raddu chesindi.
1965-prastutam.
gambia 1965loe british paalana nundi swaatantryam pondindi, praarambhamlo raajyaangabaddhamaina raacharikamgaa, 1970loe commonwealth deshaalalo ganatantramgaa maaradaaniki mundu. desham suutrapraayamgaa loukikamgaa undhi. 1970 nundi dheeniki mugguru adhyakshulu matrame panicheesaaru, vaaru surr dawda jawara (1970-1994), yahya jammeh (1994-2017) mariyu adama baaro (2017-prastutam).
deshaaniki swayam paalana (puurti swaatantryaaniki mundu) manjuru cheyabadina 1962 nundi pradhana mantrigaa panichesina taruvaata, 1970loe jawara deshaaniki modati adhyakshudayyaru. 2019loe ayana maraninchina taruvaata, "sahanam, maanava hakkulu mariyu chatta palananu prothsahinchinanduku" newyork times aayananu gurtinchindi. 1965loe islam matamloki tirigi maaradaaniki mundu, 1955loe kraistava matamloki marinappatiki, jawara muslingaa janminchaadu.
yahya jammeh netrutvamloni vijayavantamaina tirugubaatu taruvaata 1994loe jawara adhyaksha padavi mugisindi, taruvaata 2017 varaku niyantagaa deshaanni nadipinchaaru. ayana niyantrutvamlo, deshaanni 2015loe "islaamik republic" gaa prakatinchaaru, ayithe dheenini 2017loe appati kotta adhyakshudu adama baaro tippikottaaru.
samskruti.
gambialo vividha rakaala saampradaaya saamskrutika paddhatulu unnaayi, ivi janabhalo unna vividha jaathi samuuhaala nundi udbhavinchaayi. sabar drum mariyu jaateeya vantakam, domodato sahaa saampradaaya vantakaalu vanti saampradaaya sangeetamtho desham balamaina sambandhaalanu konasagistondi. ayithe, islam konni saamskrutika aacharalanu prabhaavitam chesindi.
dustula code.
gambianu "islaamik republic" gaa prakatinchinappatikii, 2015loe appati adhyakshudu jammeh, dustula niyamaavali amalu cheyabadadani, pourulu ippatikee yea mataanni swechchagaa aacharinche hakku kaligi untaarani chepparu. ayithe, aaa prakatana chesina oka nela taruvaata, jamme dustulapai kathinamaina nibandhanalanu vidhinchaadu, "mahilaa prabhutva udyogulanu pani vadda talapaagaa dharinchamani aadesinchaadu". athanu aaa aadesaanni tippikottaadu, dustula niyamaavali parimitini vidhinchina ventane ettivesadu.
pelli.
gambia, islaamik sharia chattaniki anugunamgaa, bahubhaaryaatva abhyasanni anumatistundi. maajee adhyakshudu jamme mariyu prastuta adhyakshudu baaro iddaroo bahubharyatvanni abhyasinchaaru.
2016loe, jamme baalya vivahalapai nishedhaanni prakatinchaaru, eee aacharam islaamik chattam dwara nishedhinchabadaledu. eee prakatana samayamlo, 18 ellalopu baalikalalo 30 saatam mandhi vivaham chesukunnaru.
prajaadarana pondina samskrutilo chitranalu.
gambialoni islam prajaadarana pondina, paaschaatya samskrutilo athi takkuva kavarejeeni kaligi undhi, ayithe, alex hayley yokka 1976 navala, "roots dhi saaga off yaan american family", tadupari chinna dharavahikam, "rutes", mariyu chitram "roots dhi gift" loe chithreekarinchabadindi. katha yokka kathaamsam hayley yokka muttaata, 1750loe janminchina gambian muslim kunta kintepai drushti pedutundi. kunta 1767loe bandhinchabadataaniki mundu islaamlo chaduvukunna oka sundaramaina balyanni kaligi undi, kanyalo baanisatvaaniki vikrayinchabadindani choopabadindi. eee navala kunta baanisatvamlo unna jeevita kathanu chebutundi, indulo oka mukhya amsam athani islaamik vishwaasam, idhi navala antataa atanni eppatikee vidichipettadu. hayley parisoedhana yokka chaaritraka khachitatvampai vimarsalu unnappatikee, americalo african mariyu islaamik charitranu parisoedhinchadamloo eee navala mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchindi. african american saahityaaniki oxford sahacharudu" loe, kunta kinte yokka prabhavam anchanaa veyabadindihi "muulaalu americanlu vaari swantha vamsapaaramparyampai kotta aasaktini rekettinchaayi mariyu african americanlaku vaari african charitra gurinchi kotta garvaanni kaliginchaayi"."
samajam.
vidya.
valasarajyala paalanalo kooda gambian samaajamlo islam paatra spashtamgaa kanipinchindi, mukhyamgaa islaamik mariyu paaschaatya bodhanalanu militam chesina 'mohammed paatasaala' anae islaamik paatasaalanu srushtinchadam dwara. nijaaniki, swaatantryam vachinappati nundi, aneka islaamik aalochanaa vidhanalu vidya samsthalanu sthaapinchaayi. 1990loe jaateeya paatyaamsaallo islaamik adhyayanalanu tappanisari amsamgaa cherchinappudu vidyapai islam prabhavam marinta pradarsinchabadindi.
saamaajika samasyalu.
mahilala hakkulu.
2015loe, adhyakshudu jammeh, stree jananendri vichchaedanampai nishedham prakatinchaaru, islaamlo eee abhyasam avasaram ledani paerkonnaaru. prakatana samayamlo 76 saatam gambian mahilalaku eee prakriya jarigindani anchanaa veyabadindi. marusati samvatsaram, jamme baalya vivahalapai nishedhaanni prakatinchaaru, eee aacharam islaamik chattamlo chattaviruddham kaadu. eee prakatana samayamlo, 18 ellalopu baalikalalo 30 saatam mandhi vivaham chesukunnaru.
elgibity hakkulu.
gambialo swalinga samparka karyakalapalu chattaviruddham mariyu swalinga sambandhaalaku chattaparamaina gurtimpu ledhu. 2008loe, jamme swalinga samparkulu mariyu lesbianlanu desham vidichi vellamani aadesinchaadu mariyu gambialo kanipinche yea swalinga samparkudi talanainaa narikivestaanani cheppadu. elgibity samajam yokka hakkulapai islam prabhavam gurinchi, jammeh ilaa paerkonnaadu, "gambia vishwaasula desham... swalinga samparkam vanti paapapuurita mariyu anaitika acharalu sahinchabadavu.meeru gambialo swalinga samparkulugaa kanugonabadithe" "mea gonthu narikivestaanu" "anie heccharistuu athanu 2015loe ilanti vyaakhyalu chesaadu".
vistruta samajam.
aame pustakam, 'gambialo samskruti, matam & prajaswamyamha 2016 gambia adhyaksha ennikalaku mundu mariyu taruvaata nundi drukpathaalu', aliyuh bii. sanneh matam mariyu samskruti madhya sambandhaanni mariyu samaajaaniki teliyajeyadamlo eee rendu bhavanala praamukhyatanu anveshistaadu. pratyaekamgaa, sanneh ilaa vraasaaru, "saamskrutika aacharalanu islaamik matha vishwaasaalatho militam chese klishtamaina namuunaanu gambia pradarsinchindi". gambia mariyu senegal looni maurid islaamistula bay phaal upa vibhagam samskrutilo sabar maadirigaane saampradaaya zin drumnu cherchadam dwara idhi pradarsinchabadutundi, endukante anucharulu veedhullo nadustunnappudu mariyu bhiksa kosam vedukuntunnappudu dheenini aadataaru.
edemaina, gambia islam nundi saamaajika swaatantryam yokka bhavanni kooda pradarsinchindi, idhi 2016 loe jammeh yokka paina perkonna dustula niyamaavali aadesaaniki pratispandana dwara pradarsinchabadindi, dheenilo mahilalu karyalayamlo talapaagaa dharinchamani cheppabadindi. mukhyamgaa, kaaryakartalu mariyu prajaasvaamya anukuula samuuhaalatoe sahaa gambian samajam nundi pratighatana taruvaata eee aadesam ettiveyabadindi.
gambian samaajamlo islam paatra sthiramgaa ledhu mariyu tarachugaa vyaktipai aadharapadi untundi. marlos johnson yokka monograph, 'islam, yooth und modernity inn dhi gambia dhi tablighi jamat' loe, rachayita tablighi jamat (oka islaamik missionary udyamam) prabhavam gurinchi raasaaru."loukika aadhaarita yuvata... jamaatnu khandinchandi... endukante idhi vaarini yavvana jeevanasailini anusarinchakundaa nirodhistundi...endukante idhi islaamik suutraalaku anugunamgaa jeevinchalekapovadampai vaariki aparaadha bhavanni kaligistundi. adanamgaa... jamat anedi sthaanika samskruti mariyu sampradaayaalaku sariponi islam yokka 'videshee' roopaanni suuchistumdi."" 
islaamik udyamaalu.
ahmadiya.
gambianu chaaritraatmakamgaa vividha matha vishwaasaala prajalaku aamodayogyamaina samajamga chuusaaru. phalitamgaa, ahmadiya islaamik missionary udyamam vanti itara matha udyamaalu desamlo kontha praamukhyatanu mariyu anucharulanu pondadamlo vijayanni saadhinchaayi. atuvanti praamukhyataku oka udaaharana, paschima aafrikaalo mataparamaina drukpathaalanu bodhinchadamtho paatu loukika vidyanu andinche paatasaalalanu erpaatu chesina modati muslimlu ahmadeelu. ahmadiya udyamam praamukhyata peragadam 1960laloe mukhyamgaa kanipinchindi. surr farimang maamaadi singateh (1912-1977) gambia ahmadiya samaajaaniki adhyakshudu. 1965loe commonwealth off nations loe raajyaangabaddhamaina raacharikamgaa deshaaniki swaatantryam labhinchina taruvaata, gambia yokka rendava mariyu chivari governor generalga niyamitulaina taruvaata, edainaa rashtram ledhaa kaalaneeki adhipatigaa panichesina modati ahmadi ayyadu.
gambialo ahmadiya praamukhyata unnappatikee, gambian samaajamlooni anni praantaalalo matha udyamam aamodinchabadaledu. thana 2013 monograph, 'islam, yuvata mariyu gambialo aadhunikatah tablighi jamat' loe nirvahinchina oka pratyeka interviewlo, johnson oka gambian vyaktitoe matladadu, athanu "ahmadi kaavaalani nirnayinchukunnadu, athani bandhuvula asantruptiki chaalaa kaaranamaindi, veerilo chaalaa mandhi athanitho sambandhaanni tenchukunnaaru."
2014loe, johnson 'islam, yooth und modernity inn dhi gambia dhi tablighi jamat' nuu prachurinchina oka samvatsaram taruvaata, appati adhyakshudu jamme vyaktigata salahaadaaru mariyu gambia rashtra gruham yokka imam, abdauli fatty gambialoni ahmadi muslimlu mariyu ahmadiya bodhanalanu bahishkarinchaalani pilupunicchaaru. athani vyaakhyalu chesina ventane, fyaatiini rashtra sabha yokka imamga tolaginchaaru, ayinappatikee athani tolagimpu ahmadeelaku sambandhinchi athanu chesina prakatanalatho sambandham ledani pattubattaru.
marusati samvatsaram, 2015loe, gambia yokka atyunnata islaamik council ahmadiddyanu muslimetaramgaa prakatinchindi. serekundaloni pedda ettuna unna aasupatri vanti aneka paatasaalalu mariyu aasupatrulato sahaa udyamam yokka madimpulanu pondadaaniki jamme aasakti kaligi undavacchani konni nivedikalu suuchimchaayi.
tablighi jamat.
tablighi jamat anedi 1990laloe modatisaarigaa deshaaniki cherukunna gambialo praamukhyatanu pondina oka islaamik missionary udyamam. mukhyamgaa, eee udyamam gambialoni yuvataku, mukhyamgaa iravailalo unna madhyataragati gambiyanlaku, loukikamgaa vidyaavantulaina vaariki vignapti chesindi. eee udyamam "gambia yuvataku tamanu taamu prapancha udyamamlo bhaagamgaa bhaavinche kotta anubhavanni andistundi" anie marlos johnson paerkonnaaru."jamat dakshina asea nundi udbhavinchinanduna, tablighi phalitamgaa dakshina asea mariyu paschima african samskrutulu vileenam ayyayi, mukhyamgaa paakistaanii bodhakulu gambialo udyamaanni praarambhinchadamlo keelaka paatra pooshinchaaru. saampradaaya islaamik aalochanaa vidhaanaala paatha anucharulaku vyatiraekamgaa gambialoni yuva muslimla tirugubaatu tablighi jamat yokka marinta prabhavam kaavacchu anie johnson paerkonnaadu.
rajakeeyaalu mariyu nyaayavyavastha.
desheeya.
1965loe swaatantryam vachinappati nundi, gambianu mugguru adhyakshulu paalistunnaaru, veerandaroo muslimlu. eee vidhamgaa islam desamloni antargata rajakeeyaalapai gananeeyamaina prabhavanni choopindi, ayithe loukika samaajamlo vividha sthaayilalo undhi.
british valasa paalana nundi gambia nyaya vyavasthanu islam prabhaavitam chesindi. valasavaadam samayamlo muslim kortulalo khaadeela (islaamik magistratelu) uniki gambian muslimla desheeya samasyalalo islam yokka praamukhyatanu gurtinchindi.
surr farimang maamaadi singateh (1912-1977) 1965loe deshaaniki raajyaangabaddhamaina raacharikamgaa swaatantryam manjuru cheyabadina taruvaata, gambia yokka rendava mariyu chivari governor generalga niyamitulaina taruvaata, edainaa rashtram ledhaa kaalaneeki adhipatigaa panichesina modati ahmadi muslim ayyadu.
maajee adhyakshudu jammeh vyaktigata salahadaruga niyamitulaina abdauli fatty, ayana pramaana sweekaaram chesina koddikaalaanike muslim panditudu. jammeh prabhutva samsthalalo maseedulanu kooda nirminchaadu mariyu prabhutva bhavanaalapai khurran shlokaalu chekkabadi undevi.
gambia supreme islaamik council, 1992loe sthaapinchabadindi. idhi islaamik aadarsaalanu prothsahistundi mariyu desamlo islaamik selavula teedeelanu nirnayistundi.
videshee vyavaharalu.
1994loe jammeh sainika tirugubaatu taruvaata, yuu. ess thoo sahaa aneka paaschaatya deshaalu.ess, gambia vaari aardhika sahayanni tatkalikamga tagginchaaru. phalitamgaa, islaamik, madhyapraachya rashtraalu deshamtho balamaina sambandhaalanu yerparachukunnayi. libya, mukhyamgaa, maseedulu, paatasaalalu mariyu aasupatrulu vanti aneka sevalaku nidhulu samakuurchindi.
2019loe, gambia desham jaatyahamkaaraaniki paalpadindani aaropistuu, rohingya muslim janabhanu mayanmar aikyaraajyasamitiki chikitsa cheyadampai kesu pettindi.
gambia islaamik sahakaara samsthalo kooda sabhyadaesamgaa undhi.

