
lechworth

saadhaaranamgaa lechworth anie piluvabade lechworth garden city, inglaandlooni hertfordshireloni uttara hertfordshire jillaalo unna oka pattanam. idhi modati udyaanavana nagaramgaa prasiddhi chendindi. 2011 janabha lekkala prakaram janabha 33,249.
lechworth oka puraatana parish, idhi 1086 gopuram pustakamlo kanipinchindi. iravayyava sataabdam prarambham varaku idhi oka chinna graameena graamamgaa undipoyindi. aadhunika pattanam abhivruddhi 1903loe praarambhamaindi, lechworth mariyu poruguna unna villion mariyu norton paarishlalooni chaalaa bhoomini fust garden city limited anae samstha konugolu chesindi, dheenini ebinezer howard mariyu athani maddatudaarulu modati "garden city" nuu nirminche lakshyamtho sthaapinchaaru, howard thana 1898 pustakam "tuu-moreh eah saantiyuta maargam nijamaina samskarana" loe nirdesinchina suutraalanu anusarinchi. aaa samayamlooni chaalaa paarisraamika nagaralaku bhinnamgaa, graameena praantaala paryaavarana naanhyatanu nilupukuntuu, nivaasitulaku udyogaalu, sevalu mariyu manchi gruhalanu andinche kotta rakamaina sthaavaraanni srushtinchadam vaari lakshyam.
pattanam yokka prarambha leavutnu raymond anvin mariyu baarii parker roopondinchaaru. indulo united kingdom yokka modati roundabout, solarshot circus undhi, idhi nirminchabadindi. lechworth yokka layowoot loe norton common mariyu howard paarkutho sahaa vistrutamaina udyaanavanam mariyu bahiranga pradaesaalu unnaayi.
1960loe modati garden city limitednu swaadheenam chesukovadam valla company pattanaanni nirvahinche vidhaanamlo gananeeyamaina maarpulu vachayi, veetini asalu garden city aadarsaalanu konasaaginchaalani korukune nivaasitulu mariyu sthaanika mandali vyatiraekimchaaru. vaaru 1963loe company nundi estate yajamanyanni lechworth garden city corporation anae prabhutva ranga samsthaku badilee chesina paarlamentu chattanni pondaaru. corporation sthaanamlo 1995loe lechworth garden city heritage foundation anae swachchanda samsthanu niyaminchaaru, idhi nedu estatenu kaligi undhi mariyu nirvahistondi.
lechworth nedu vividha rangaalalo udyogaalanu andinche pedda vyapara praantaalanu nilupukundi, mariyu bhuswamy laabhaalanu heritage foundation dwara samaja prayojanam kosam tirigi pettubadi pettabadutundi. eee pattanam londonku uttaraana, landannu cambridgeto kalipe railway maargamlo undhi, idhi eah1 rahadaariki aanukuni undhi, idhi prayaanikulaloo saapekshamgaa prachuryam pondindi. pattanamlooni nivaasa praantaalu mishramamgaa unnaayi; pattanamlooni pedda bhagalu vaati naanhyataku gurtimpugaa parirakshana praantaalalo cherchabaddaayi, ayithe eee pattanamlo uttara hertfordshireloni aidu paedha-score chese parisaraalalo naalugu kooda unnaayi.
prapanchamlooni mottamodati udyaana nagaramgaa, lechworth pattana pranaalika mariyu kotta pattanaala udyamampai gurtinchadagina prabhavanni choopindi; idhi sameepamloni velvin udyaanavana nagaranni prabhaavitam chesindi, idhi idhe vidhamaina vidhananni upayoginchindi, mariyu lechworth vadda pradarsinchabadina suutraala amsaalu australia rajadhani conbera, germanyloni hellero, finlandloni tapiola mariyu latvialoni mejaparklatho sahaa prapanchavyaaptamgaa itara prajectulalo cherchabaddaayi.
charitra.
garden city munduh old lechworth.
ippudu lechworth aakraminchina eee praantamloo charitrapurva kaalam nundi nivaasam undhi. appati naatidani bhaavinche kaamsya yugapu chivari konda koota, wilbury kondapai, ecnealed maargam yokka puraatana rahadari pakkana undhi. eee konda koota madhya inupa yugamlo punaruddharinchabadindi, mariyu britainpai roman vijayam saadhinche varaku aakraminchabadinatlu kanipistundi. norton graamam mariyu eah1 madhya polaallo kaamsya yugam, romano-british mariyu chivari inupa yugam sthaavaraalaku aadharalu kooda kanugonabaddayi.
norman vijayam samayaniki, lechworth oka graamamgaa sthaapinchabadindi. eee paeru paatha aangla padam "lies verth" nundi vachindi, dheeni ardham kanche ledhaa aavarana lopala unna polam. idhi 1086 naati gopuram pustakamlo "lesvord" gaa kanipistundi, indulo tommidi graamastulu, naalugu kuteeraalu, oka baanisa mariyu oka poojaari unnatlu varninchabadindi. aaa samayaniki lechworth oka parish anie poojaari uniki suuchistumdi. lechworth yokka parish charchi 12va sataabdamloo nirminchabadindi, conny bahusha munupati bhavanam unna pradaesamloe nirminchabadindi. charchi yokka asalu ankitam teliyadu, conny idhi modati prapancha yuddhamlo seyint maereeki tirigi ankitam cheyabadindi. eee graamam seyint maries mariyu prakkane unna madhyayuga mainer house off lechworth haall nundi lechworth laine, hitchin road, baldock road mariyu spring road varaku vistarinchi unna lechworth laine venta undhi. lechworth saapekshamgaa chinna parish, 1801loe 67loe janabha kaligi, 1901 natiki 96kii perigindi.
thota nagaram yokka prarambha rojulu.
1898loe, saamaajika samskarta ebenezer howard "repuh nijamaina samskaranaku saantiyuta maargam" (1902loe "repu thota nagaralu" gaa tirigi prachurinchabadindi) anie raasaaru, dheenilo athanu kotta rakamaina pattana nirmaanaanni samardhinchaadu, dheenini athanu "thota nagaram" anie pilichadu. eee aalochananu "moodu ayaskaantaalu" anae rekhaachitramlo sangrahinchaaru, idhi pattanam ledhaa graameena jeevanam yokka mishrama prayojanaalu mariyu aprayojanaalanu moodava empika "pattana-desham" gaa elaa kalapavachho choopistundi, idhi nagaralu mariyu graameena praantaala prayojanaalanu andistuu vaati pratikuulatalanu tolagistundi. parisramalu nivaasa praantaalaku vaerugaa unchabadataayi, ayithe nivaasitulaku paarkulu mariyu graameena praantaalaku manchi pravesam untundi. udyaanavanam nagaram bahiranga graameena praantamloo untundi, idhi vyavasaayaaniki matrame kakunda, pillala gruhalu, aasramaalu, kotta adavulu mariyu ituka maidaanaalaku kooda bhoomini andistundi. rakshita graameena belt anae eee aalochana pratidhvanulu taruvaata iravayyava sataabdam madhyakaalam nundi britanloni pattana pranaalikaloo green beltga marinta saadhaaranamgaa teesukobaddaayi.
howard aalochanalu patrikalaloni konni vibhagalalo egataali cheyabaddaayi, conny chaalaa mandhi, mukhyamgaa kalalu mariyu chetipanula udyama sabhyulu mariyu kwekarlatho oka teeganu taakaayi. udyaanavana nagaranni sthaapinchadaaniki aneka pradaesaalanu pariseelinchina taruvaata, udyaanavana nagara maargadarsakulu lechworth nuu enchukunna pradaesamgaa sthirapaddaaru. lechworth haall estate ammakaniki vachindi, adhi chaalaa chinnadi ayinappatikee, prakkane unna padnaalugu bhuuswaamulatoe rahasya charchalu oka estatenu sameekarinchi, £155,587kii konugolu cheyadaaniki anumatinchaayi. bhoomini konugolu cheyadaaniki mariyu garden siteeni nirminchadam praarambhinchadaaniki 1903 september 1naa fust garden city limited anae samstha sthaapinchabadindi.
1904loe, vaastusilpulu raymond anvin mariyu baarii parker pattana layowoot roopakalpana kosam pootiiloo vijayam saadhinchaaru, mariyu companyki consulting architectluga niyaminchabaddaaru. mundugaa unna chetlu mariyu mullachetlu chaalaa varaku leavutlo bhadraparachabaddayi. anvin estate yokka kendra peethabhoomilo unna moodu paatha ook chetla nundi pattanam yokka pradhana avenue (broadway) yokka amarikanu teesukunnadu mariyu central square (broadway guardens) loe cherchabadindi.
1903loe grate northern railway yokka hitchin, royston mariyu cambridge branch linelo taatkaalika railway stop nirminchabadindi, idhi garden city estate madhyalo untundi. praarambhamlo, vihaarayaatralu mariyu nirmaana kaarmikula kosam sevalu kramarahita pratyeka raillu. 1905loe saadhaarana prayaaneekula sevatho marinta gananeeyamaina taatkaalika chekka station praarambhinchabadindi. prastuta railway stationnu 1912loe broadway chivarilo oka pramukha pradaesamloe nirminchaaru.
modati kotta illu juulai 1904loe akraminchabaddayi. marusati nelaloo modati garden city limited kotta garden siteeki yea paeru pettaalane daanipai vaataadaarulu mariyu nivaasitula madhya ootu vesindi. garden city", "home worth" mariyu "alciopolis" thoo sahaa aneka empikalu pratipaadinchabaddaayi. enchukunna paeru "lechworth (garden city)". company dheenini pattanaaniki daani paerugaa sweekarinchindi, conny paerunu sweekarinchadam saarvatrikam kaadu. poura parish mariyu (1919 taruvaata) pattana jilla yokka chattaparamaina paeru kevalam "lechworth" gaa undipoyindi. fust garden city limited kooda kramamga paeru nundi "(garden city)" pratyayaanni tolaginchindi, idhi paakshikamgaa saadhaarana viniyogaanni pratibimbistumdi, mariyu paakshikamgaa pattanam parinati chendutunnanduna daanini saasvatamgaa oka prayogamgaa chudakudadani abhipraayapadindi. adevidhamgaa, pattana railway stationnu modatlo "lechworth (garden city)" anie pilicheevaaru, conny 1937loe "lechworth" gaa paeru marcharu.
ebenezer howard bhaarya lizzie (elijah aann bills), thana bhartatho kalisi lechwarthloni kotta intiki velladaaniki kontakaalam mundu, 1904 novemberlo londonlo maraninchindi. aame smaaraka chihnamgaa oka public haall nirminchabadindi, dheeniki praja chandaalu chellinchabaddaayi. srimati howard memorial haall 1906loe praarambhinchabadindi mariyu idhi pattanamlooni modati praja bhavanaalalo okati.
1905loe, mallii 1907loe, company "choukaina kuteera pradarsanalu" nirvahinchindi, ivi chavakaina gruhaalalo aavishkaranalanu pradarsinchadaaniki vaastusilpulu mariyu builderla kosam pootiilu. 1905loe jarigina eee pradarsana daadaapu 60,000 mandhi sandarsakulanu aakarshinchindi. 1908loe aadarsavantamaina gruha pradarsananu (idhi taruvaata aadarsavantamaina gruha pradarsanagaa maarindi) praarambhinchadaaniki "dialy mail" nuu nadipinchadamlo pradarsanala prajaadarana gananeeyamgaa undhi. londonlo jarigina russian soshal democratic laber party aidava congressku hajarainappudu mae 1907loe sandarsinchina lenin eee kotta pattanaaniki sandarsakulalo okaru. eee sandarsananu dhruveekarinche samakaaleena aadharalu laevu, conny eee pattanam kamyoonistulaku mariyu manassakshi vyatiraekulaku swargadhaamamgaa undani aaropinche vyasalalo bhaagamgaa 1916 novemberlo "dialy mail" mariyu "dialy sketch" loe eee vaadana prachurinchabadindi-eee vaadanalanu pattanam khandinchindi.
modati konni samvatsaraalu kotta pattanamlooni aanglikanlu estate anchulalo unna lechworth graamam, villion ledhaa nortonloni paatha parish charchilanu upayoginchaalsi vachindi. prarambha pattanam yokka samuulamaina sphuurtiki anugunamgaa, pattanamlooni chaalaa mandhi maargadarsakulu anukuulata laeni vampulu kaligi unnaaru. 1905loe nirminchina uchita charchi (taruvaata 1923loe punarnirminchabadindi) nirminchabadina modati kotta praarthanaa sthalam. aaa taruvaata 1907loe snehitula sanghaaniki samavesa gruhamaina 'hougils' vachindi.
merugaina jeevitam yokka vaagdaanamtho aakarshinchabadina lechworth vyavasthaapaka pourulu, tarachugaa bayati vyaktulachae aadarsavaadulu mariyu anyamatasthulugaa vyangyamgaa chitreekarinchabaddaaru. zaan betzeman thana kavitalu "group life lechworth" mariyu "huxley haall" loe lechworth prajalanu teevramaina aarogya unmaadulugaa chitreekarinchaaru. dheeniki oka saadhaarana udaaharana, british pattanamlo bahiranga praamganaallo madyam vikrayinchadampai nishedham, idhi chaalaa asaadhaaranamainadi. dheenini modatlo 1907 juunloo praja ootu dwara nirnayinchaaru, dheenilo 54 saatam mandhi licenses pondina praja gruhanni anumatinchadaaniki vyatiraekamgaa ootu vaesaaru. idhi pattanamlo "pub" undadaanni aapaledu-skittles inn ledhaa 1907 maarchilo praarambhamaina "biir laeni pub".
nishedham unnappatikee, udyaanavana nagaramlo pabbulu levani cheppadam puurtigaa nijam kaadu. udyaanavana nagaram sthaapinchabadataaniki mundu nundi unikilo unna pabbulu, nortonloni moodu gurrapu goddali, moodu gurrapu goddali, villiyanloni nakkatho sahaa, panicheyadam konasaginchayi, mariyu poruguna unna hitchin mariyu baldakloni pabbula maadirigaane, pattanam madhyalo madyam lekapovadam valla prayojanam pondaayi. pattanam sarihaddula velupala 1940loe praarambhamaina wilbury hoteltho sahaa kotta satraalu kooda pattana sarihaddulalo puttukochayi. 1957loe prajabhipraya sekarana taruvaata eee nishedham chivaraku ettiveyabadindi, idhi 1962loe garden city madhyalo modati public housega broadway hotelnu praarambhinchadaaniki daariteesindi. appati nundi aneka itara praja gruhalu prarambhamayyayi, conny eee roeju varaku pattana kendramlo daani parimaanamlo unna pattanaaniki saapekshamgaa takkuva pabbulu unnaayi.
parisramalu.
prarambha samvatsaraallo pattanaaniki vacchina atyanta pramukha parisramalalo okati carsetla tayari; oka american vyaparam ayina spirella company 1910loe pattanamlo thana british anubandha samsthanu sthaapinchindi. 1912loe vaaru kalalu mariyu chetipanula shaililo sessil hignet roopondinchina pedda karmagaram, spirella bhavanam yokka modati dasanu nirminchaaru. idhi 1920loe puurtayimdi. pattanamlo bhavanam yokka praamukhyata dheeniki "koota carset" anae maaruperuku daariteesindi. rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo, eee karmagaram paaraachuutlu mariyu decoding yantraalanu utpatti cheyadamlo kooda paalgondi.
eee pattanam vividha rakaala parisramalanu aakarshinchi, abhivruddhi chesindi. itara mukhyamaina prarambha vyaparalu
aneka samvatsaraalu atipedda yajamaniga british tabulating meshin company undhi, idhi 1920loe london nundi lechworthku maarindi. 1958loe idhi powers-samas thoo vileenam ayi antarjaateeya computerlu mariyu tabulatorlu (ii. sii. tii) gaa maarindi, chivaraku 1969loe international computers limited (ii. sii. ell) loe bhaagamaindi.
1920laloe vidyut sarafara kosam works rooddupai oka vidyut kendram nirminchabadindi. lechworth eah mariyu lechworth bii anie piluvabade rendu boggu aadhaarita generatorlu unnaayi, ivi varusaga 8 megaavaatlu (emm doubleu) mariyu 13 emm doubleu rated avutputlatho unnaayi. lechworth eah 1968loe upasamharinchabadindi, taruvaata 1974loe lechworth bii. aaa pradaesamloe rendu 70 megawatla turbinelu mariyu rendu reinforced concreat chimneelatho gyaas turbine power station nirminchabadindi. modati turbine 1978loe praarambhinchabadindi. 1984-1985 mainarla samme samayamlo utpatti garishta sthaayiki cherukundi. 2007loe eee vidyut kendraanni kuulchiveesaaru.
1970luu mariyu 1980laloe pattanamlooni aneka pedda tayari vyaparalu moosiveyabaddaayi. crin mariyu laahi steel foundry 1979loe moosiveyabadindi. spirella mariyu ii. sii. ell rendoo 1989loe tama karmagaralanu moosivesaayi. borg-warner kooda eee kaalamlo thana karmagaranni moosivesindi. 1980la praarambhamlo eee pattanam saapekshamgaa adhika nirudyogam kaalam gundaa vellindi. khaalii cheyabadina konni factory pradaesaalu vyapara paarkulu mariyu serviced karyalayaluga punaraabhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi, mariyu pattana aardhika vyavastha chinna sankhyalo pedda tayari vyaparala nundi pedda sankhyalo chinna karyalaya aadhaarita vyaapaaraalaku maarindi.
nivaasam.
letchworthlo prarambha gruhanirmaana abhivruddhi ekkuvagaa anvin mariyu parker yokka master plannu anusarinchindi. udyaanavana nagaram sthaapinchabadina taruvaata nirminchina modati illu 22-32 baldock rahadari vadda "alfa kuteeraalu" anie piluvabade aaru illa samuuham, ikkada modati nivaasitulu juulai 1904loe valasa vacchaaru. pattana prarambha gruhaalalo ekkuva bhaagam pattana thoorpu anchuna unna pradhana paarisraamika praantaaniki nadaka dhooramlo unna noothana pattana kendraaniki thoorpuna undhi. aneka illu oka niraadambaramaina kuteera shaililo nirminchabaddaayi, veetini cream paint chesina render, aakupaccha talupulu mariyu bankamatti tiled paikappulatho puurti chesaaru. pattana kendraaniki nairuti disalo lechworth graamam vaipu unnata madhyataragati vargaala kosam vyaktigatamgaa roopondinchina pedda gruhaala praantam undedi.
rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata kotta abhivruddhiki pedda council estatelapy drushti pettaru. pattanaaniki uttaraana 1947loe grange estatelo panulu prarambhamayyayi. eee estatelo daani swantha praathamika paatasaalalu, vinoda maidaanam, public house mariyu porugu shopping center unnaayi. estate kosam bhoomini tappanisarigaa modati garden city limited nundi lechworth urban district council konugolu chesindi. 1959loe pattanaaniki aagneyamlo unna bhoomini kooda jackmans estate abhivruddhi kosam tappanisarigaa konugolu chesaaru, maroka pedda council estate, london county council dwara nidhulu andinchabaddaayi, endukante eee praantam london ovar spill kuu vasati kalpinchadaaniki. jackman estate "rodburn suutram" paie abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, idhi garden city udyamam nundi prerana pondina rodburn, newjersey pattanamlo maargadarsakatvam vahinchindi. illa venuka garrage kortulalo parking mariyu servicing andinchadamtho paatu, paadachaarulaku matrame pacchani daarulu mariyu bahiranga pradaesaalaloo illu undatam dwara traaphik prabhavanni tagginchadam dheeni aalochana.
rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata private housing marinta nemmadigaa tirigi praarambhamaindi, paakshikamgaa nirmaana samagri mariyu licensulapy kathinamaina niyantranalu vidhinchabaddaayi mariyu 1954 varaku amalulo unnaayi. eee aankshalu sadalinchinanduna, pattanaaniki dakshinaana private housing yokka adanapu praantaalu nirminchabaddaayi. 1971loe praarambhamaina eee pattanaaniki dakshinaana unna praantaanni lardship mariyu maanar park estatelu gananeeyamgaa vistarinchaayi. 1980laloe eee abhivruddhi puurtayina taruvaata, pattanamlo chaalaa kotta gruhalu gatamlo abhivruddhi chendina bhoomilo unnaayi, endukante moosivesina paatasaalalu mariyu vyaparala kaaranamgaa khaalii cheyabadina pradaesaalu punaraabhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi.
UK yokka modati roundabout.
letchworthlo aavishkaranalu bhavanala roopakalpanake parimitam kaaledu. 1904 layowoot pranaalikaloo aaru rahadaarulu kalise pradhana avenuelo oka point undhi, rahadaarulaku taruvaata broadway, spring road mariyu solarshot anie paeru pettaru. juulai 1908loe roopondinchina pranaalikalu eee samayamlo paarislooni dii ell 'etoil pradaesam dwara prabhaavitamaina vruttaakaara traaphik dveepaanni pratipaadinchaayi, dheeni gurinchi anvin 1909loe raasaaru. lechworth roundabout 1910 natiki upayogamlo unnatlu telisindi. modata nirminchinappudu, traaphik rendu disalalo central dveepam chuttoo vyaapinchagaladu; edamavaipu unchaalane suuchana 1921 varaku jodinchabadaledu. dheeniki "solarshot circus" anie paeru pettaru mariyu united kingdamlo public roadloo modati roundaboutga gurtinchabadindi. 2006loe eee roundabout meeda rendu chihnalu erpaatu cheyabaddaayi, "britton yokka modati roundabout sumaru 1909loe nirminchabadindi".
udyaanavanam nagaram yokka vistruta prabhavam.
prapanchamlooni mottamodati udyaana nagaramgaa, lechworth iravayyava sataabdamloo pattana pranaalika mariyu kotta pattanaala udyamampai gananeeyamaina prabhavanni choopindi. idhi 1920loe ebenezer howard sthaapinchina velvin garden siteeni neerugaa prabhaavitam chesindi, lechworth maadirigaane modalnu upayoginchindi, mariyu 1906loe sthaapinchabadina hampstead garden shivaaru praantam, mariyu raymond anvin mariyu baarii parker roopondinchina leavutnu kooda prabhaavitam chesindi. aaa taruvaata australia rajadhani conberra, germanyloni hellerou, finlandloni tapanila mariyu latvialoni mejaparklalo letsworth yokka mishrama pattanam mariyu county vidhaanamlooni amsaalu upayoginchabaddaayi.
lechworth eee roeju.
estate yajamanyam 1963loe modati garden city nundi lechworth garden city corporationku parimitam cheyabadindi, idhi 1995loe lechworth garden city heritage foundation dwara bharti cheyabadindi. 1973loe pattana prayojanam kosam upayoginchagala aardhika migulu mottaanni eee estate chivariki ivvadam praarambhinchindi. idhi swatantra vyavasaya kshetramlo (1980), uttara heart vishraanti kendram (1982), mariyu ernest guardiner day hospital (1984) anae uchita aasupatri vadda praarambhamaina pani vyavasaya paryataka aakarshanhato sahaa aneka pattana soukaryaalalo pettubadulaku daariteesindi. 1996loe broadway cinema vistrutamgaa punaruddharinchabadindi, mariyu heritage foundation pattana kendraanni meruguparachadaaniki aneka prajectulaku kooda maddatu ichindi.
pattanamlooni pedda bhagalu vaati naanhyataku gurtimpugaa parirakshana praantaalalo cherchabaddaayi, ayithe jackmans estate, grange estate mariyu wilbury praantamlooni konni praantaallo, uttara hertfordshireloni aidu paedha-score chese parisaraalalo naalugu kooda eee pattanamlo unnaayi. eee pattanamlo vistrutamaina udyaanavanam mariyu bahiranga pradaesaalu unnaayi, norton common mariyu howard park pattanamlooni rendu atipedda bahiranga pradaesaalu, eee rendoo baga nirvahinchabade pacchani pradaesaaniki green flag avaardunu kaligi unnaayi.
pattanam daani sataabdaaniki cherukunnappudu, esaari 1904 version paeruku kundaleekaranaalu lekunda, lechworth nundi "lechworth garden city" gaa paerunu adhikarikamga maarchadaaniki pracharam jarigindi. taruvaati velvin garden city "garden city" nuu daani adhikaarika paeruloe cherchinatle, lechworth vadda modati garden city kooda undaalani maarpunu samarthinchinavaaru vaadinchaaru. 1999loe railway station paerunu maarchadamtho, mariyu pattanam yokka shatabdi samvatsaramaina 2003loe esgy6 posttown lechworth nundi lechworth garden siteeki maarchadamtho lechworth pracharam vijayavantamaindi.
paalana.
jilla mariyu county sthaayilo lechworth cover chese sthaanika prabhutvamlo rendu sthaayilu unnaih uttara hertfordshire jilla mandali mariyu hertfordshire county mandali. eee sthaanika prabhutva samsthalatho paatu, lechworth oka private swachchanda samstha, lechworth garden city heritage foundation, idhi garden city estateloni aneka amsaala nirvahanaku baadhyata vahistundi, saadhaaranamgaa sthaanika adhikaarulatho anubandhinchabadina vaatilaage konni pranaalika mariyu grant-making vidhulanu kaligi untundi. eee vidhulu estate yokka heritage foundation yajamanyam nundi udbhavinchaayi mariyu saadhaarana sthaanika adhikara vidhulu mariyu baadhyatalanu bharti cheyavu, conny vatiki adanamgaa panicheestaayi.
sthaanika prabhutvam.
chaaritraatmakamgaa, lechworth vanda vedalpu neetilo oka puraatana parish. eee paarishku burley phaam vadda longley mariyu neebworth madhya, migilina paarishku dakshinaana konni verucheyabadina bhaagam kooda undedi.
1835 nundi lechworth paarishnu hitchin paedha nyaya sanghamlo chaerchaaru. anduvalla idhi sthaanika prabhutva chattam 1894 prakaram hitchin graameena jillaalo bhaagamaindi. 1894 chattam kooda parish councilsnu srushtinchindi, conny lechworth janabha ivvaalsina parimiti kante takkuvagaa undhi, anduvalla dheeniki parish samavesam matrame undedi. 1903loe lechworth garden city pani praarambhamaina taruvaata, kotta pattanam kosam konugolu chesina praantam lechworth, villion mariyu norton paarishlalo vistarinchi undhi. 1905 juunloo pattanam kosam anadhikaarika "nivaasitula sangham" ledhaa "nivaasitula mandali" sthaapinchabadindi.
lechworth parish council (1908-1919).
1908 april 1naa norton parish praantaanni, villion parish yokka uttara bhaganni swaadheenam chesukovadaniki lechworth poura parish gananeeyamgaa vistarinchabadindi. burley phaam vadda lechworth parish yokka verucheyabadina bhaagam adhe samayamlo neebvartku badilee cheyabadindi. oka parish council sthaapinchabadindi, nyaayavaadi mariyu maajee sampradaayavaada paarlamentu sabhyudu ayina surr zaan gorst, parish council yokka modati chairmanga unnaaru.
lechworth urban district council (1919-1974).
1919 april 1naa lechworth paarishnu pattana jillaga marcharu. parish council sthaanamlo lechworth urban district council erpadindi mariyu hitchen rural district council nundi jilla sthaayi baadhyatalanu kooda sweekarinchindi. modati pattana jilla mandalilo 15 mandhi councillarlu unnaru tommidi mandhi "aall party", naluguru laber, iddaru swatantrulu. modati chhairman charless baall, oka sampradaayavaadi, athanu 1916 nundi paatha parish council chairmanga unnadu.
1935loe council daani samavesa sthalam mariyu karyalayaluga panicheyadaaniki broadvelo lechworth town haalnu nirminchindi. eee bhavanam pattanam madhyalo unna broadway guardenlaku edurugaa oka pramukha sthaanamlo undhi. 1935 april 1naa villion parish (idhi appatike 1908loe tagginchabadindi), inca itara prakkane unna paarishla nundi chinna praantaalanu raddu cheyadam dwara pattana jillaanu vistarinchaaru.
1944 december 11naa eee mandaliki oka kotu off arms manjuru cheyabadindi. daani unikilo unna kaalamlo, pattana jilla mandali pattanamlo daadaapu 5,000 gruhalanu nirminchindi.
uttara hertfordshire jilla mandali (1974-prastutam).
sthaanika prabhutva chattam 1972 dwara lechworth pattana jillaanu raddu chesaaru, eee praantam hitchin, baldock mariyu royston pattana jillaalatoe mariyu hitchin graameena jillaatho vileenam ayi 1 april 1974naa uttara hertfordshire yokka kotta jillaga maarindi. kotta jilla janabhalo 30 saataaniki paiga unna lechworth varasudu parish ivvadaaniki chaalaa peddadi, anduvalla idhi uttara hertfordshire jilla council dwara neerugaa palinchabade, hertfordshire county council andinche county sthaayi sevalatho, oka aparishkruta praantamgaa maarindi. uttara hertfordshire jilla mandali 1975loe letchworthlo gernon rooddupai kottagaa nirminchina mandali karyalayalalo thana pradhana karyalayanni sthaapinchindi, idhi kendra praantam (taruvaata garden square) shopping center punaraabhivruddhilo bhaagamgaa nirminchabadindi.
lechworth garden city council (2005-2013).
2005 mariyu 2013 madhya eee pattanamlo pattana mandali undedi. heritage foundation dwara pattanaanni elaa nirvahistunnaarane daanipai asantruptigaa unna prajala brundam nirvahinchina petition taruvaata eee mandalini erpaatu chesaaru. pattana mandali anavasaramaina paripalana pora anie pratyarthulu bhaavinchaaru. 2009loe jarigina ennikallo pattana mandaliki vyatiraekulu 24 seetlalo 22 seetlanu geluchukuni, chattaparamaina charyalu, praja sampradimpulatoe sahaa moodu samvatsaraalaku paiga teesukunna mandalini raddu chese prakriyanu praarambhinchaaru. lechworth garden city yokka parish mariyu daani pattana mandali chivariki 31 marchi 2013naa raddu cheyabaddaayi.
2009 ennikalaku kontakaalam mundu, lechworth urban district council yokka maajee kotu off aarmsnu upayoginchalekapotunnarani kanugonna pattana mandali, kotu off arms kosam college off arms kuu petition daakhalu chesindi. kalaasaala 2010 maeloe council yokka kotta vibhaagaalanu jaarii chesindi, appatiki kounsilnu raddu chese prakriya ippatike jarugutondi. eee roopakalpanalo nalupu uduthatho aakupaccha nepathyamlo ebenezer howard rekhaachitram nundi moodu ayaskaantaalu unnaayi.
2013 nundi eee pattanam marosari uttara hertfordshire jilla mandaliche neerugaa nirvahinchabadutunna oka aparishkruta praantamgaa maarindi, idhi 1974 mariyu 2005 madhya unnatlugaa undhi. jilla mandalilooni 13 lechworth councillarlu lechworth kamiteegaa samavesamavutaru.
garden city estate nirvahana.
prastuta erpaatlu lechworth garden city yokka vyavasthaapaka suutraalaloo okati nundi udbhavinchaayi, pattanam nundi vachhe laabhaalanu nivaasitula prayojanam kosam upayoginchaali.
fust garden city limited (1903-1962).
bhoomini konugolu cheyadaaniki mariyu pattanaanni abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki 1903loe modati garden city limited sthaapinchabadindi. udyaanavanam nagaram gananeeyamgaa puurtayina tarvaata, aaa estatenu oka praja samsthaku badilee cheyaalani bhaavinchaaru, idhi samaja prayojanam kosam nirvahistundi, appati varaku vaataadaarulaku dividendlu samvatsaraaniki 5 saataaniki minchakunda parimitam cheyabaddaayi. idhi chaalaa asaadhaaranamaina companyga maarindi, conny adhi daani vaataadaarula yaajamaanyamloni oka saadhaarana joint stock company.
rendava prapancha yuddham varaku, company ekkuvagaa abhivruddhi chendutunna pattanaanni nadipindi, hitchin graameena jilla mandali mariyu (1919 taruvaata) lechworth pattana jilla mandalitho sannihita pani sambandhaalanu abhivruddhi chesindi, company abhyardhinchinappudu avasaramaina evaina aamodaalu ivvabadataayani nirdhaarinchadaaniki. company layowoot pranaalika yea chattabaddhamaina pattana pranaalika paatra dwara aadhaarapadaledu, conny badulugaa oka private bhuswamitwa samstha thana bhoomini korukunnatlugaa vese uddesam yokka prakatana.
rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata company mariyu council madhya sambandham maaradam praarambhamaindi, endukante councils mariyu utilitylaku marinta pattana pranaalika vidhulu ivvabaddaayi mariyu jaateeyam cheyabaddaayi. 1949loe company thana anubandha vyasalanu maarchukuni, company moosiveyabadinappudu migulu mottamlo 10 saatam matrame 1903loe oohinchina 'idi1' kante pattana prayojanam kosam vartimpajeyabadutundani, migilinavi company vaataadaarulaku pampinhee cheyabadatayani perkondi. 1956loe vaataadaarulaku dividendlapy parimitulu tolaginchabaddaayi, company chairman eric mcfaddin "asalu paalaseeni amalu cheyadaaniki etuvanti kattubadi unde baadhyata ledhu" anie prakatinchaaru."
anduvalla companylo vaatalu marinta viluvainaviga marai. 1960loe hotel yark limited anae company fust garden city limitedlo niyantrana aasaktini sampaadinchindi. hotel yark chairman amee roez (nee charless) 1961 janavarilo fust garden city limited managing director ayyaru. hotel yark limited 1906loe sthaapinchabadindi mariyu gatamlo berners hoteltho sahaa londonlo hotellanu kaligi undhi mariyu naduputondi. gulabi kutumbam 1957loe hotel yark niyantrananu swaadheenam chesukundi, 1960 natiki daani aastulannee vikrayinchabaddaayi. atuvanti aastula tolagimpu ippudu lechworthku jaragavacchani, howard mariyu maargadarsakulu modata oohinchina aardhika prayojanaanni pattanam pondhe avakaasam taggutundani pattanam bhayapadindi. estate samagratanu kapadukovadampai srimati nundi vacchina prarambha haameelu ekkuva kaalam konasagaledu. 1961loe modati garden city limited estate yokka bhagala freeholdlanu vaelam veyadam praarambhinchindi mariyu estate yokka vyavasaya beltlo ekkuva bhaganni abhivruddhi cheyavachani company county kounsilku pratipaadinchindi, tadwara pattanam modata oohinchina 32,000 mandiki badulugaa 60,000 mandiki peragadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi.
lechworth garden city corporation (1963-1995).
dheeniki pratispandanagaa, lechworth pattana jilla mandali thota nagaram yokka asalu neetini estateku punaruddharinchadaaniki oka pracharanni praarambhinchindi. idhi sthaanika paarlamentu sabhyudu martin muddon maddatunu namodu chesindi, athanu paarlamentulo oka billunu spaansar chesaadu, idhi hotel yark limited nundi chaalaa vyatiraekata unnappatikee, lechworth garden city corporation act 1962gaa maarindi. eee chattam oka praja samstha, lechworth garden city kaarporeshannu srushtinchindi, idhi 1 janavari 1963naa garden city estatenu 20 juulai 1961naa swaadheenam chesukundi. company aastulanu teesukunnanduku pariharam fust garden city limitedku chellinchaalsi vachindi, idhi 1966loe moosivese varaku shell companyga konasaagindi. pariharam sthaayi chivariki £ 3,115,000 kuu angeekarinchabadindi. eee pariharam chellinchadam valla lechworth garden city corporation daani modati konni samvatsaraalu nashtamtho panicheyadaaniki daariteesindi, pattana jilla council nundi runaala dwara nidhulu samakuurchindi. 1973loe runaanni tirigi chellinchaaru, howard modata oohinchinatlugaa, chivaraku eee estate pattana prayojanam kosam upayoginchagala labhanni ivvadam praarambhinchindi.
iteevala garden city estate yokka freeholdnu swaadheenam chesukunna taruvaata, corporation leasehold samskarana chattam 1967 nundi minahaayimpunu pondadaaniki viphalamaindi, idhi gruhaala yokka deerghakaalika leejudaarulaku freeholdnu pondhe hakkunu ichindi. anduvalla, freehold pondina aastulaku cheyagala maarpulanu niyantrinchadaaniki corporationku veelugaa "nirvahana pathakam" pravesapettabadindi. nirvahana pathakam kinda ituvanti anumatulu council nundi pranaalika anumati kosam edainaa avasaraniki adanamgaa panicheestaayi. ippatike freehold vikrayinchabadina asalu garden city estateloni bhagalaku, mukhyamgaa grange mariyu jackman estatelatho sahaa, nirvahana pathakam vartinchadu.
lechworth garden city heritage foundation (1995-prastutam).
lechworth garden city heritage foundation act 1995 prabhutva ranga samstha sthaanamlo lechworth garden city heritage foundation (elghetchf) nuu niyaminchindi, idhi "industrial und provident society", idhi "minahaayimpu daatrutva" hodaato snehapoorvaka sanghaala registraarlo namodu cheyabadindi.
heritage foundation maajee corporation yokka vidhulu mariyu baadhyatalanu chaalaa varaku konasaagistundi mariyu estatepy pratipaadita abhivruddhi kosam nirvahana pathakaanni nirvahinchadam konasaagistundi. oka private samstha, cheef executive (graham fisher, 2017 loe niyaminchabaddaaru) mariyu executive directorla brundamtho unnappatikee, heritage foundation kooda kontha prajaasvaamya javaabudaareetanaanni kaligi undhi, directorlu sthaanika adhikara pratinidhulatho kuudina nirvahana mandaliki nivedistaaru. heritage foundation yokka muppai governorlalo aarugurini nivaasitulu neerugaa ennukuntaaru, mariyu pattanamlooni vividha samuuhaalaku praatinidhyam vahinchadaaniki padhi mandhi governorlu niyaminchabadataaru. migilina padnaalugu mandhi governorlu dharmakartala mandaliche niyaminchabadataaru.
leejudaarula samskarana chattam 1967 nundi aneka nivaasa aastulu vikrayinchabadinappatiki, heritage foundation pattanamlooni chaalaa paarisraamika, karyalayam mariyu retail praamganaalu mariyu chuttupakkala vyavasaya beltku bhuswamiga undhi.
anduvalla lechworth garden city estate pattana nivaasitula prayojanam kosam panichese swachchanda samstha yajamanyamlo undhi. 2020loe daani aastula viluva 193 million poundlu. nikara aadaayam heritage foundation yokka swachchanda prayojanaalaku anugunamgaa samaja prayojanam kosam tirigi pettubadi pettabadutundi. 2020loe ituvanti chellimpulu mottam 6 million poundlu.
bhougolikam.
vaataavaranam.
lechworth dadapuga united kingdom antataa maadirigaane samudra vaataavaranam (koppen vaataavarana vargeekarana "sii. eff. bii") nuu anubhavistundi.
aaa roeju rikaardu baddalu kottina desavyaaptamgaa sudigaali vyaaptiloo bhaagamgaa lechworth 1981 november 23naa eff1/tii2 sudigaali taakindi.
vanyapraanulu.
lechworth garden citylo 1912loe letchworthlo modatisaarigaa namodu cheyabadina nalla udutala yokka atipedda kaalaneelalo okatigaa undhi. kaalanee yokka muulam aspashtamgaa undhi, ayithe anglia ruskin vishwavidhyaalayamlo 2014loe jaripina oka adhyayanamlo udutalu anevi uttara america saadhaarana buudida uduta yokka vaividhyam, ivi lopabhuishta varnadravyam janyuvutho unnayani nirdhaarinchaaru. nalla uduta ippudu lechworth mariyu chuttupakkala praantamloo saapekshamgaa saadhaarana drushyam.
eee pattanamlo muntjack jinkalu kooda unnaayi, ivi pradhanamgaa norton common meeda nivasistaayi, conny itara chotla kooda kanipistaayi.
kreedalu mariyu vishraanti.
pattana charitralo kreedalu mukhyamaina paatra poeshinchaayi, bahiranga pradaesaalu mariyu aata sthalaalu pattana leavutlo cherchabaddaayi. pattanamlooni aneka prarambha vyaparalu garden city udyamam yokka naitikataku anugunamgaa tama kaarmikulaku vinoda soukaryaalanu andinchaayi. eee pattanamlo aneka creeda sanghaalu unnaayi, ivi saadhaaranamgaa autsaahika swabhaavam kaligi untaayi. aneka clublu praantiiya mariyu jaateeya leaglalo potipadatayi. pattanamlo praatinidhyam vahinche atyanta pramukha creedalu
vinoda margalu.
heritage foundation 2003loe nadichevaaru mariyu cyclistla kosam prakruti drushya marganni nirminchadam dwara pattanam yokka sataabdini gurtinchindi. greenway anie piluvabade eee maargam pattanam chuttoo oka loopnu yerparustundi. nadichevaaru, gurrapu swaareedaarulu mariyu off-road cyclistulaku bahula-viniyogadaaru maargam ayina ecnealed vae maargam, buckinghamshireloni ivingho beacon nundi safolklo naitishal heath varaku prayaanamloo pattanam gundaa velutundi.
art gallery.
lechworth garden city heritage foundation yaajamaanyamloni mariyu nirvahinche labhapeksha laeni art gallerylo broadway gallery. maajee lechworth art centerlo unna eee gallery 2016loe letchworthlo janminchi perigina chitrakaarudu mariyu prink maker richard smith (kalakarudu) pradarsanatoe prajalaku teravabadindi.
cinema.
lechworth desamlo mottamodati prayojanamtho nirminchina sinimaalalo okati, eest cheplooni picture pales (taruvaata pales cinema), idhi 1909loe praarambhamai 1977loe moosiveyabadindi. pattanamlo migilina cinema eest chep mariyu zernan road muulaloe unna art deco-style broadway cinema, idhi 1936 augustu 26naa fred austire mariyu allam rosers natinchina "phaalo dhi fleet" yokka block tye gaala screeningtho praarambhamaindi. 1990la nundi heritage foundation 2008loe puurti niyantrananu teesukune mundu daani yajamaanula bhaagaswaamyamto cinema nadipindi. pradhana teranu cinema mariyu theatre rendintigaa upayoginchadaaniki veelugaa 2016loe eee bhavananni vistarinchaaru.
town twinning.
lechworth eee krindi vaatitho jantagaa untundih
paatasaalalu.
lechworth swatantra mariyu prabhutva paatasaalala misramaanni kaligi undhi. rendu rashtra madhyamika paatasaalalu unnaih
thota nagaramlo pani prarambhamainappudu, villion mariyu norton gramalalo mundugaa unna charchi paatasaalalu undevi. 1905 navambarulo railway sameepamloni taatkaalika shedlalo "garden city school" praarambhinchabadindi. idhi 1909loe norton rodloni kotta bhavananiki badilee cheyabadi norton paatasaalagaa maarindi. 1913loe school vaak loe pixmore paatasaala praarambhinchabadindi, taruvaata 1925loe west vyuuloo westbury paatasaala praarambhinchabadindi. ivi praathamika paatasaalalu, ivi aidu nundi padnaalugu samvatsaraala vayassu pillalaku sevalu andinchaayi, idhi aaa samayamlo paatasaala vidichipettina vayassu. lechworth vyaakarana paatasaala 1931loe pattana kendramloni pramukha bhavanaalalo praarambhinchabadindi, daani talupula meeda raathi panitanamlo paeru chekkabadindi.
1944 vidya chattam prakaram paatasaala vadili vellae vayassunu padihenu samvatsaraalaku penchaaru mariyu paatasaalalu kramamga praathamika mariyu madhyamika paatasaalalugaa vibhajinchabaddaayi. pixmore paatasaala yokka dviteeya bhaagam marchi 1962loe jackman estateloni kotta praamganaaniki maarchabadindi, idhi villion paatasaalagaa maarindi. pixmore paatasaalalo juuniyar bhaagam eee paerunu konasaaginchindi, conny taruvaata paatasaala nadaka nundi raddiigaa unde maamsaaniki maarindi. 1965 septembarulo unnata paatasaala praarambhinchabadindi.
samagra paatasaalalaku maaradamtho, lechworth vyaakarana paatasaala 1973loe daani paerunu fearnhill paatasaalagaa maarchindi mariyu 1976loe ikkneeld maargamlo daani prastuta pradaesaaniki maarindi. villion paatasaala 1991loe moosiveyabadindi. norton paatasaala 2002loe moosiveyabadindi, baldaclo nites templer paatasaalalo bhaagamgaa daani chivari samvatsaram paatu nirvahinchabadindi. hyphield paatasaala 2016loe punarnirminchabadindi.
lechwarthloni swatantra paatasaalallo seyint christopher paatasaala mariyu seyint frances kalaasaala unnaayi. seyint christopher paatasaalanu 1915loe theosophical educational trust "arundale" gaa sthaapinchindi, idhi 1909loe nirminchina barrington rodloni swalpakaalika swatantra lechworth paatasaala khaalii chesina bhavanalanu swaadheenam chesukundi. 1919loe spring road mariyu broadway junction vadda oka kotta paatasaala bhavanam nirminchabadindi, paatasaala daani prastuta paerunu sweekarinchinappudu, barrington road bhavanam boarderlaku vasatigaa upayoginchabadindi. anniye besent vesina broadway bhavanampai oka moolastambham undhi. 1928loe eee paatasaala barrington road saitlo ekikrutam cheyabadindi. idhi vilakshanhamaina saakaahaara mariyu quaker naitikataku prasiddhi chendindi.
broadvelooni seyint christopher paatasaala khaalii chesina pradaesam 1934loe seyint frances kalaasaala, baalikala paatasaalagaa maarindi. swatantra paatasaalalu rendoo boarderlanu mariyu day-vidyaarthulanu pravesapedataayi.
prajaadarana pondina samskrutilo lechworth.
rachayita georg arvel 1930laloe sameepamloni wallington graamamlo nivasinchaaru. yuddhakaala britainpai thana vivaadaaspada vyaasamlo, "bhavishyat ingland ratnaala kosam vetakadaaniki sthalam telikapati-parisrama praantaalalo mariyu dhamanula rahadaarula vembadi undhi" anie ayana annaru. sloe, dagonham, barnet, lechworth, hays-pratichota, nijaaniki, goppa pattanaala shivaarlalo-paatha namuunaa kramamga kottadigaa maarutondi."" "dhi road tuu vigaon peer" ", 11va adhyaayamlo, lechworth loe bassulo ekkadam gurinchi, iddaru bhayamkaramgaa kanipinche vruddhulanu, soshalistulu anie cheppavacchu".
edger rait darsakatvam vahinchina mariyu saiman pegg mariyu nick fraast natinchina 2013 chitram, "dhi worralds end", lechworth mariyu velvin garden city rendintiloonuu chithreekarinchabadindi. eee chitram oka pub croll chuttoo nirminchabadindi, mariyu lechwarthloni aneka praamganaalu eee chithramloni pabbulanu chithreekarinchadaaniki upayoginchabaddaayi, veetilo dukaanaalu mariyu broadway cinema (idhi "matsyakanya" gaa kanipinchindi) alaage pattanamlooni takkuva sankhyalo vaastava pabbulu unnaayi.

