
janthu jiguru

janthu jiguru anedi jantuvula bandhana kanajaalaanni ekkuvasepu mariginchadam dwara rendering anae prakriyaloo srushtinchabade oka antukune padaartham. antukune padaarthamgaa upayoginchadamto paatu, idhi puuta mariyu parimaanam kosam, alankaara kuurpu aabharanaalalo mariyu spashtata ichhe agentga upayoginchabadutundi.
eee protein colloid gloolu gelatine maadirigaane charmam, emukalu, snaayuvulu mariyu itara kanajaalaala nundi collagen yokka jalavisleshana dwara erpadataayi. collagen" anae padam greeku () nundi vachindi, dheeni ardham "jiguru". eee proteins jigurugala vastuvutoe paramaanu bandhaanni yerparustaayi. saampradayakamgaa, keratin gloolu, kommulu mariyu kaallu vanti jantuvula bhaagaalato tayaaru cheyabadinappatiki, avi collagen gloolu kaananduna jantuvula gloolugaa pariganinchabadavu.
moosa paddhatiloo, prashnaarthakamaina jantuvu gurram, mariyu krinda padee gurralanu tarachugaa "jiguru karmaagaaraaniki pampaaru" anie chebutaaru. ayithe, pasuvulu, kundellu mariyu chepalatho sahaa itara jantuvulanu kooda upayogistaaru.
charitra.
prarambha upayogaalu.
janthu jiguru puraatana kaalam nundi unikilo undhi, ayithe daani upayogam vistrutamgaa ledhu. gurrapu dantaala nundi vachhe jiguru daadaapu 6000 samvatsaraala naatidi kaavacchu, conny eee kaalaaniki chendina yea likhitapurvaka recordulu avi puurtigaa ledhaa vistrutamgaa upayoginchabaddaayani niroopinchalevu.
janthu jiguru tayaareeki sambandhinchina mottamodati vraatapuurvaka vidhanalu cree puu 2000 loe vrayabaddayi. kristupurvam 1500 mariyu 1000 madhyakaalamlo, eejiptu faarola petikallo kooda kanipinche chekka furniture mariyu kudya chitraala kosam dheenini upayoginchaaru. aadharalu jiguru tayari mariyu upayogaanni varninche raathi chekkadalu roopamlo unnaayi, veetini pradhanamgaa faroe samadhi furniture kosam upayogistaaru. eejiptu recordulu jantuvula jigurunu mantapai kariginchi, aapai brashto aplai cheyadam dwara tayaaru cheyabadutundani chebutunnayi.
puraatana greekulu mariyu romanlu taruvaata jantuvulu mariyu chepala jigurunu upayoginchi poralu mariyu marketry, sannani vibhagalu ledhaa kalapa porala bandham abhivruddhi chesaaru. greeku mariyu latin bhaashalalo () anie piluvabade janthu jiguru, puraatana kaalamlo eddula tokkalatho tayaaru cheyabadindi. virigina kundalanu jantuvula jigurulanu upayoginchi marammatu cheyavachu, lopaalanu daachadaaniki pagullanu nimpavacchu.
sumaru creepoo 1 kante takkuva samayamlo, chepalu, eddu kommulu mariyu stagg kommulanu chainaalo pigmentla kosam antukune padaarthaalu mariyu bandhakaalanu utpatti cheyadaaniki upayoginchaaru. tong raajavamsam samayamlo paint medialo janthu jigurulanu bandhakaluga upayoginchaaru. vaatini terrakota sainika bommalapai kooda adevidhamgaa upayoginchaaru. deepam nalla sira yokka mukhyamaina bhagalalo okati proteinasius jiguru anie recordulu suuchistunnaayi. aux gloo mariyu stagg-horn gloolu varnadravyam yokka kanaalanu okadaanitoe okati bandhinchi, sira endipoyinappudu uparitalampai poranu roopondinchadam dwara samrakshanakaarigaa panicheestaayi. cavo gaang zee vanti chaineeyulu kooda aushadha prayojanaala kosam jigurupai parisoedhana chesaaru.
punarujjeevanam.
paschima roman saamrajyam ksheeninchina taruvaata airopalo janthu jiguru, alaage konni itara rakaala jigurula vadakam padahaarava nundi paddenimidava sataabdaala varaku ekkuvagaa adrusyamaindi, appudu chekka furniture oka pradhana kalagaa peragadam praarambhinchindi. madhyayuga yugaalalo, chepala jiguru chitralekhanam mariyu prakaasinchae vraatapratulaku muulamgaa undipoyindi. 16va sataabdam nundi, violinla nirmaanamloo daachu jiguru upayoginchabadutondi.
sthaanika americanlu gonthu jigurunu pradhanamgaa bandhakam vale mariyu neeti nirodhaka puuta vale, migilipoyina jantuvula bhagala nundi mariginchi, bahirgata uparitalaalapai puuyadam dwara upayogistaaru. vaaru appudappudu varnadravyam mariyu charmasuddhi charmampai puusina tarvaata namuunaalanu saadhinchadaaniki paintga daachu jigurunu upayoginchaaru. gonthu jigurunu juttu samrakshana vanti charmalaku pakkana pette prayojanaala kosam upayogistaaru. asiniboins podavati juttunu ishtapadataayi, kabatti avi errati matti mariyu gonthu jiguru mishramtho tantuvulanu puustaayi. idhi eekalu mariyu parikaraalanu okadaanitoe okati kattadaniki kooda upayoginchabadutundi.
jiguru parisramalu.
modati vaanijya jiguru karmagaram sumaru 1700 loe haalandlo praarambhinchabadindi, charmala nundi jantuvula jigurunu tayaaru chestundi. united states yokka modati jiguru karmagaram 1899loe praarambhinchabadindi, dheenini milwaukey charmasuddhi parisrama sthaapinchindi. ell.dii. davis company stensiling nundi drushtini marchina taruvaata, sthaanika baaks tayaareedaarulu mariyu itara viniyogadaarulaku vikrayinchina taruvaata mahaa maandyam samayamlo janthu jigurunu utpatti cheyadam abhivruddhi chendindi.dii. book binding kosam davis yokka janthu jiguru suutram utpattilo undhi. 18va mariyu 19va sataabdaalaloo, pasupaalakulu paatha jantuvulanu-mukhyamgaa gurralanu-jiguru karmaagaaraalaku paaravesaaru. synthetic antukune padaarthaala agamanam janthu jiguru parisrama patanaanni prakatinchindi.
aadhunika upayogaalu.
nedu, janthu jigurulu chaalaa takkuvagaa paarisraamikeekarana cheyabaddaayi, conny ippatikee violine kutumba vaayidyaalu, paintings, prakaasavantamaina parchment manuscripts mariyu itara kalakhandala tayari mariyu punaruddharanaku upayoginchabadutunnaayi. gelatine, janthu jiguru yokka oka roopam, gelatine desertlu, maarshmaallolu, pharmaceutical capsules mariyu photographic film vanti aneka samakaaleena utpattulalo kanipistundi mariyu sainyuu rapinglu, kalapa, tholu, beradu mariyu kaagitaanni balopetam cheyadaaniki upayogistaaru. hyde gluunu daani reversibility, creep-resistance mariyu nayam chesetappudu keellanu moosivese dhorani kosam synthetic gloola kante chaalaa mandhi luthierlu ishtapadataaru.
eee antukune padaarthaanni ekkuvagaa jiguru, parimaanam ledhaa warnishga upayogistaaru, ayithe idhi neetilo karigedi kabatti itara antukune padaarthaala vale tarachugaa upayoginchabadadu. tadi sthithilo nilva cheyadamlo ibbandi, taja mudi padaarthaala avasaram (jantuvula charmam kullipodu ledhaa greeju-burn cheyabadadu) vanti itara amsaalu eee utpattini kanugonadam mariyu upayoginchadam marinta kashtataram chestaayi. jantuvula jiguru prakriya sanklishtamgaa mariyu anusarinchadaaniki gammattainadigaa unnanduna karmagaralu ippudu itara rakaala antuvyaadhulanu utpatti chestaayi. jantuvula jigurulu kooda vayassutho muduru ranguloki maari, avi endipoyinappudu kunchinchukupotayi, ivi kalapa, kaagitam ledhaa kalaakrutulaku haani kaliginche saamarthyaanni istayi. atigaa nirvahinchadam mariyu ushnograta ledhaa themalo chaalaa maarpulu marinta haani kaliginchavacchu. kenadaaloni konni companylu ippatikee gurraala nundi jantuvulu, charmamu mariyu gonthu jigurulanu utpatti chestaayi. iteevala, janthu jiguru itara antukune padaarthaalu mariyu plaastiklatoe bharti cheyabadindi, conny punaruddharanaku prajaadarana pondindi.
rakalu mariyu upayogaalu.
20va sataabdamloo paalii vinail acetate (pva) mariyu itara resin gloolu vanti synthetic glues vachhe varaku vaelaadi samvatsaraalugaa janthu gloo atyanta saadhaarana chekka pani gluga undedi. nedu idhi pradhanamgaa luthery, pipe orgaon building, piano marammatu mariyu puraatana punaruddharana vanti pratyeka anuvartanaallo upayoginchabadutundi. gaaju kalaakaarulu gaajuto bandhinche daachu jiguru saamarthyaanni sadviniyogam chesukuntaru. jiguru gattipadithe adhi kudinchi, gaajunu chipping chestundi.
itara gloostho poliste dheeniki aneka prayojanaalu mariyu aprayojanaalu unnaayi. jigurunu vaedigaa, saadhaaranamgaa brush ledhaa spaatulaatho pooyabadutundi. jigurunu jiguru kundalo vaedi unchutaaru, idhi eee prayojanam kosam nirminchina vidyut unit kaavacchu, double boiler kaavacchu ledhaa jiguru container kosam vecchani neeti snananni andinchadaaniki kevalam oka ginne ledhaa croke pott kaavacchu. chaalaa janthu jigurulu neetilo karugutaayi, keellaku upayogapadataayi, veetini edho oka samayamlo vaeru cheyavalasi raavacchu. gluunu nirjaleekarinchadaaniki konnisaarlu atuvanti keellaku alkahalnu vartimpajestaaru, idhi marinta pelusugaa mariyu pagullu sulabhamgaa erpadela chestundi. jigurunu mruduvugaa cheyadaaniki mariyu keellanu vaeru cheyadaaniki kooda aavirini upayoginchavacchu.
nirdishta rakaalalo "hyde gloo", "emuka gloo", "fish gloo", "kundelu-charma gloo" unnaayi.
jigurunu dachandi.
charmapu jiguru jantuvula charmamtho (jantuvula charmam) tayaaru cheyabadutundi mariyu tarachugaa chekka panulalo upayogistaaru. dheenini kanikalu, poralu ledhaa chadunaina palakalugaa sarafara cheyavachu, ivi podigaa unchinatlayithe niravadhika shelf jeevitaanni kaligi untaayi. idhi neetilo karigi, vaedi chesi, vecchagaa, saadhaaranamgaa 60 masim (140 efo) chuttoo vartinchabadutundi. vecchani ushnogratalu twaragaa daachu jiguru yokka balaanni naasanam chestaayi. upayogamlo unnappudu jigurunu vaedigaa unchadaaniki vaanijya jiguru kundalu, saadhaarana neeti snanalu ledhaa double baayilarlanu upayoginchavacchu. daachu jiguru challabadinappudu, adhi twaragaa ubbutundi. gadhi ushnograta vadda, tayaaruchesina daachu jiguru gatti gelatine yokka sthirathvaanni kaligi untundi, idhi vaastavaaniki idhe vidhamaina kuurpu. geld hyde glooky gananeeyamaina balam undadu, kabatti gloo ushnograta 50 masim (120 efo) kante chaalaa takkuvagaa padipoye mundu gluni aplai cheyadam, mukkalaku saripoyela cheyadam mariyu vaatini sthiramgaa unchadam chaalaa mukhyam. anni jigurulaku "open time" untundi, jiguru dravamgaa mariyu pani cheyadaginadigaa unde samayam. open time gaduvu mugisina tarvaata bhaagaalanu kalapadam valla bandham balaheenamgaa untundi. daachadaaniki jiguru teriche samayam saadhaaranamgaa oka nimisham ledhaa anthakante takkuva untundi. aacharanalo, dheeni ardham tarachugaa mukkalanu antinchadaaniki vaedi cheyadam, mariyu chaalaa vecchani gadilo antinchadam, ayithe jiguru mariyu bigimpu operation twaragaa nirvahinchagaligite eee dasalanu pampinhee cheyavachu.
daachu jiguru appudappudu upayogamlo unna chota, suukshmajeevula perugudala nundi chedipovadaanni nivaarinchadaaniki adanapu jigurunu freezerlo unchavacchu. epoxy resin vanti aadhunika gyap-filling antukune padaarthaalu eee vishayamlo manchivi ayinappatikee, hyde glooloo konni gyap filling lakshanaalu unnaayi.
gadhi ushnograta vadda dravamgaa unde gluni daachadam kooda eurianu jodinchadam dwara saadhyamavutundi. chakkati chekka pani patrika yokka maark schofield nirvahinchina ottidi pareekshalalo, bandham yokka sagatu balamlo "liquid hyde gloo" nuu anukuulamaina saadhaarana hyde glutho poolchaaru. "ayithe, aaru nelala kante paatha edainaa drava daachu jiguru anumaaninchavacchu, endukante tayari samayamlo utpatti vividha bacteriosidelu mariyu sileendhranaashakaalatho 'rakshinchabadina'ppatikee, euria chivariki jiguru yokka protein nirmaanaanni jalavisleshanam chesi, daanini balaheenaparustundi."
utpatti.
jantuvula charmalanu neetilo nanabetti "stock" nuu utpatti chestaaru."aaa taruvaata charmalanu vichchinnam cheyadaaniki aaa stacknu sunnamtho suddhi chestaaru. sunnam tolaginchadaaniki charmalanu kadigi, edainaa avasheshaalu balaheenamaina aamla draavanamthoo tatastheekarinchabadataayi. charmalanu neetilo, jagrattagaa niyantrinchabadina ushnogrataku vaedi chestaaru. gloo madyam" appudu teesiveyabadutundi, marinta neeru jodinchabadutundi mariyu perugutunna ushnogratala vadda eee prakriya punaraavrutamavutundi.
aaa gloo madyam taruvaata endabetti gulikalugaa chippiveyabadutundi.
aastulu.
daachu jiguru yokka mukhyamaina pratikuulatalu-daani ushna parimitulu, takkuva samayam terichi undatam mariyu suukshmajeevulaku haani kaliginchadam-aneka prayojanaala dwara bharti cheyabadataayi. daachu jiguru keellu tirigi marchagaligevi mariyu marammatu cheyagalavu. iteevala antu keellu vaedi mariyu aavirini upayoginchadamto sulabhamgaa vidudala avtayi. jiguru karralanu dachandi, tadwara marammatu chesevaaru keellaku kotta jigurunu aplai chesi daanini tirigi amarchavacchu. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, pva gloolu nayam ayina tarvaata vatiki kattubadi undavu, kabatti vijayavantamaina marammattuku modata paatha gluni tolaginchadam avasaram-dheeniki saadhaaranamgaa antinchina padaarthamloo kontha bhaganni tolaginchadam avasaram.
daachu jiguru kontha pelusu keellanu srushtistundi, kabatti balamaina shock tarachugaa keella venta chaalaa subhramgaa vichchinnam chestundi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, pvatho antukunna keellanu cheelchadam valla saadhaaranamgaa chuttupakkala padaartham debbatintundi, idhi marammatu cheyadam marinta kashtamgaa unde kramarahita viramanni srushtistundi. eee pelusugaa undataanni parikaraala tayaareedaarulu sadviniyogam chesukuntaru. udaaharanaku, violine kutumbamloni vaayidyaalaku marammatu mariyu nirvahana kosam aavartana vibhajana avasaram. paibhagam mariyu pakkatemukala madhya palet kattini kalchadam dwara mariyu keella chuttoo nadapadam dwara violine paibhaganni sulabhamgaa tolaginchavacchu. pelusugaa undatam valla, tarachugaa chekkaku gananeeyamaina nashtam lekunda, paibhaganni tolaginchavacchu. paibhaganni kramabaddheekarinchadaaniki keellaku kotta vaedi daachu jigurunu matrame puyali. violine paibhaganni pva glutho antinchi unte, paibhaganni tolaginchadaaniki keellanu vidadeeyadaaniki vaedi mariyu aaviri avasaram (vaarnishku nashtam kaligistundi), appudu paibhaganni regloo cheyadaaniki mundu nayam cheyabadina pva gloo migili ledani nirdhaarinchadaaniki keella nundi kalapanu tolaginchaalsi untundi.
hyde gloo daani swantha bigimpugaa kooda panichestundi. jiguru zell cheyadam praarambhinchina tarvaata, adhi keellanu kalisi laagutundi. violine tayaareedaarulu bigimpulanu upayoginchakundaa "ruddina keelu" upayoginchi paie mariyu venuka plaetla madhya poranu kalisi jiguru veyavachu. eee saanketikatalo keellalo sagam bhaganni vaedi daachu jigurutho puuyadam, aapai daachu jiguru zell avvadam praarambhinchae varaku migilina sagam bhaganni keellaku vyatiraekamgaa ruddadam, aaa samayamlo jiguru mudatagaa maarutundi. eee samayamlo plate bigimpu lekunda pakkana pettabadutundi, mariyu daachu jiguru gattipadutunnappudu keellanu kalisi laagutundi.
marugu jigurunu tirigi vaedi chesthe challabadina tarvaata daani pani lakshanaalanu tirigi pondutundi. jiguru teriche samayam keellanu saadhaaranamgaa antukunela anumatinchanappudu eee lakshanaanni upayoginchavacchu. udaaharanaku, oka sello tayaareedaaru andubaatulo unna oka nimisham takkuva khaalii samayamlo parikaram yokka pakkatemukalaku jiguru mariyu biginchalekapovachhu. badulugaa, builder pakkatemukala venta jiguru puusanu vesi, daanini challabarachadaaniki anumatistaadu. paibhagam taruvaata pakkatemukalaku biginchabadutundi. oka samayamlo konni angulaalu kadilistuu, tayaareedaaru keellaloki vedichesina palet kattini choppinchi, jigurunu vaedi chestaaru. jiguru draveekarinchabadinappudu, palet katthi tolaginchabadutundi, mariyu jiguru challabadutundi, oka bandhaanni srushtistundi. idhe vidhamaina prakriyanu poranu uparitalaaniki jiguru vaeyadaaniki upayoginchavacchu. pora mariyu/ledhaa uparitalam vaedi daachu jigurutho puuta pooyabadutundi. jiguru challabadina tarvaata, pora uparitalampai unchabadutundi. battala inumu vanti vaedi vastuvunu poraku puuyadam dwara antarleena jiguru draveekarinchabadutundi. inumunu tolaginchinappudu, jiguru challabadutundi, poranu uparitalamtho bandhistundi.
gujju keellu load kinda vangi undavu. pva gloolu plaastik keellanu srushtistaayi, vatiki bhaarii bharalu vesthe avi kalakramena pravahistaayi.
daachu jiguru aneka vibhina graamula balalalo sarafara cheyabadutundi, prati okkati nirdishta anuvartanaalaku saripotundi. parikaraalu mariyu cabinet builderlu 120 nundi 200 graamula varaku saamarthyaanni upayogistaaru. konni daachu jigurulu nirdishtamaina gram balam lekunda vikrayinchabadataayi. anubhavagnulaina viniyogadaarulu eee jigurunu nivaaristaaru, endukante jiguru aasinchina applicationku chaalaa balaheenamgaa ledhaa balamgaa undavacchu.
kundelu-charmam jiguru.
kundelu-charma jiguru saadhaarana daachu jigurula kante podigaa unnappudu marinta saralamgaa untundi. dheenini ayil painters canvasla parimaanam ledhaa priminglo upayogistaaru. idhi book binding loe mariyu geso mariyu compo kosam konni vantakaalalo antukune bhaagamgaa kooda upayoginchabadutundi.
chepala jiguru.
chepala jiguru chepala emukalu ledhaa kanajaalaala nundi tayaaru cheyabadutundi. isinglass pratyaekamgaa eetha muutraasayaala nundi tayaaru cheyabadutundi mariyu collagen aadhaaritamainadi. puraatana egyptulo chepala jigurulu mariyu madhyadharaalo shaastreeya puraatana kaalamlo upayoginchabaddaayi; avi airopalo puraatana kaalam chivarilo mariyu madhyayuga kaalamlo upayoginchadam konasaagindi, mariyu netikee samuchita anuvartanaallo upayoginchabadutunnaayi. endabettinappudu idhi pelusugaa untundi, kabatti konnisaarlu dheenini molasses mariyu thene vanti plasticiserlatho kalapabadutundi. idhi kala, chekka pani, luthery mariyu kaagitam mariyu emukalanu antinchadaaniki upayoginchabadindi.