
haajarukaani bhuswamy

aardhika saastramlo, labhalu arginche aastini kaligi undi, addeku teesukune, conny aasti yokka sthaanika aardhika praantamloo nivasinchani vyaktini gairhaajaraina bhuswamy antaaru. gairhajaru yajamanyam" anae padaanni aardhikavetta thorstein weblen yokka 1923 pustakam "gairhajaru yajamanyam" dwara prachuryam pondindi. mottammeeda, pannu vidhanam haajarukaani yaajamaanyaaniki anukuulamgaa unnatlu anipistundi. ayithe, konni adhikara paridhulu bhoomipai pannu vidhinchadam dwara haajarukaani yajamaanula nundi dabbunu sekarinchadaaniki prayatnistaayi. haajarukaani yajamanyam konnisaarlu haajarukaani yajamaanulanu nashtapoye pramaadam kaligistundi.
1903 kii mundu irelandlo.
ireland charitralo haajarukaani bhuswamulu chaalaa mukhyamaina samasyaga undevaaru. 16va mariyu 17va sataabdaala kaalamlo, irelandloni chaalaa bhoomini airish catholic bhuswamula nundi ireland thotala samayamlo swaadheenam chesukuni, sthaapinchabadina charchilalo (aaa samayamlo ingland charchi mariyu ireland charchi) sabhyuluga unna scottish, velsh mariyu inglish setilarlaku manjuru cheyabadindi; alsterlo, chaalaa mandhi bhuswamulu scottish presbyterianlu. swaadheenam chesukunna bhoomini grate britainlo haajarukaani protestant bhuuswaamulaku kooda ivvabadindi, vaarilo kondaru daanini airishku addeku icchaaru, ayithe vaaru scatland, wales mariyu inglandlo nivaasitulugaa unnaaru. 1782 natiki airish raajakeeyavetta henry grutton atuvanti bhuuswaamulaku etaa sumaru £8,00,000 badilee cheyabadutundani vicharam vyaktam chesaaru. athanu gairhaajaraina british bhuuswaamulaku chellimpulapai adanapu pannu vidhinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu. chaalaa mandhi gairhaajaraina vaaru tama addelalo kontha bhaganni roadlu mariyu vantenalalo tirigi pettubadi pettaru, sthaanika aardhika vyavasthalanu meruguparachadaaniki, avi netikee kanipistunnaayi. 19va sataabdamloo lard palmerston oka mukhyamaina prayojanakaramaina gairhajaruga unnadu, athanu thana sligo bhaganni abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki appulaloki vellaadu; eee pettubadi chivariki chellinchabadindi.
1800la natiki, bhuswamulu laeni protestantlu (chaalaa mandhi addedaarulu kaathalikkulu mariyu bhoomini vaarasatvamgaa pondadam nishedhinchabadinappatiki) matrame kakunda, vaari uniki antey irelandlo utpatti cheyabadina vastuvulu pradhanamgaa egumati cheyabadatam. ireland aaharaanni nikaramgaa egumati chestunnappatiki, lakshalaadi mandhi aakalitho, vyaadhitho maraninchinappudu ledhaa valasa vachinappudu, eee vyavastha mahaa karuvu samayamlo airish janaabhaaku mukhyamgaa haanikaramgaa maarindi. taruvaati samvatsaraallo, airish land leag yokka bhuu yuddhamtho bhuu samasya irelandlo mukhyamaina samasyaga maarindi. bhoomi samasya 1920la varaku ireland yokka samasyaatmaka charitraku daariteesina chaaritraka karakallo okati, ayithe 1903 natiki airish bhuu chattaalalo dheenini ekkuvagaa chattabaddhamgaa parishkarinchaaru.
1867 kii mundu prins edward dveepamlo.
1867loe samakhya aalochana pratipaadinchabadinappudu kenadaalo bhaagam kavalanna prins edward dveepam nirnayaaniki haajarukaani bhuswamy sankshobham keelaka amsam. 1760la madhyalo, oka survey brundam dveepaanni 67 latluga vibhajinchindi. 1767 juulai 1naa, eee aastulanu raaju georg III maddatudaarulaku lottery dwara ketaayinchaaru. bhoomi yajamanyam inglaandlooni bhuswamula chetullo undipoyindi, vaaru panichesi nivasinchina bhoomiki hakkunu pondalekapoyina dveepa sthiranivaasulanu koopaginchindi. gananeeyamaina adde chaarjeelu (haajarukaani bhuuswaamulaku) marinta kopaanni srushtinchaayi. nirvahana mariyu settlement nibandhanalaku sambandhinchi aneka sharatulatho paatu bhoomini haajarukaani bhuuswaamulaku ivvabadindi; veetilo chaalaa sharatulu santrupti chendaledu. dveepavaasulu eee sthalaalanu swaadheenam chesukomani kiriitaanni oppinchadaaniki dasabdaluga prayatninchaaru, ayithe asalu yajamaanula vaarasulu saadhaaranamgaa british prabhutvamtho baga sambandham kaligi unnaaru mariyu bhoomini vadulukovadaaniki niraakarinchaaru.
1853loe, dveepa prabhutvam bhoomi konugolu chattanni aamodinchindi, idhi vikrayinchadaaniki siddhamgaa unna yajamaanula nundi bhoomulanu konugolu cheyadaaniki, aapai takkuva dharalaku sthiranivaasulaku bhoomini tirigi vikrayinchadaaniki vaariki adhikaram ichindi. konugollanu konasaaginchadaaniki dveepamlo dabbu korata erpadadamtho eee pathakam kuppakoolindi. eee bhoomulalo chaalaa varaku saaravantamainavi, mariyu prins edward dveepam yokka aardhika vyavasthanu nilabettukodaniki konni keelaka karakalu.
1864loe, dveepa prabhutvam kenadaatho kalayikanu bhuswamy sankshobhaaniki saadhyamaina parishkaramga chusindi. idhi dveepamlo adde samme mariyu allarla taruvaata jarigindi. charlotown samavesamlo, dveepam samakhyalo cherithe bhuswamula aastulanu konugolu cheyadaaniki pratinidhulu oka nidhini pratipaadinchaaru. konni vaaraala taruvaata cubec samavesamlo eee pratipaadana upasamharinchabadindi. phalitamgaa samaakhyaloki pravesinchakudadani dveepam nirnayinchindi. prabhutvam itara praavinsula nundi vacchina pratipaadanalanu tiraskarinchindi mariyu 1873loe sthaanika aardhika vyavastha pathanaaniki daggaragaa vacchina tarwate venakki taggindi. union nibandhanala prakaram, migilina haajarukaani holdingsnu konugolu cheyadaaniki dveepaaniki $800,000 nidhini andinchadaaniki kenada angeekarinchindi. 1875loe, pedda estatela yajamaanulu tama aastulanu praantiiya prabhutvaaniki vikrayinchamani balavantam cheyadaaniki "bhoomi konugolu chattam" amalu cheyabadindi.
haajarukaani bhuuswaamulatoe dveepam yokka anubhavam netikee daani bhuu yajamanya chattalanu prabhaavitam chestundi. cabinet nundi mundastu aamodam lekunda rendu hectarlaku minchi bhoomini konugolu cheyadaaniki pravaasulaku anumati ledhu. 2009loe eee chattalanu ullanghinchinanduku oka americanku $29,000 jarimana vidhinchabadindi.
1948 kii mundu paalastiinaa loe.
ottoman saamrajyam 19va sataabdam rendava bhaagamlo kramabaddhamaina bhuu samskarana karyakramanni praarambhinchindi. kotta chattaalalo rendu 1858 bhuu namodu chattam mariyu 1873 bhuu vimukti chattam.
1858 kii mundu, 1516 nundi ottoman saamrajyamlo bhaagamaina paalastiinaa bhoomini pradhanamgaa raitulu saagu chesevaaru ledhaa aakraminchevaaru. bhoomi yajamanyanni acharalu mariyu sampradaayaala prakaram bhoomipai nivasinche prajalu niyantrinchevaaru. saadhaaranamgaa, bhoomi mataparamgaa graama nivaasitula yajamanyamlo undedi, ayithe bhoomi vyaktulu ledhaa kutumbaala yajamanyamlo undavacchu.
1858loe ottoman saamrajyam "1858 naati ottoman bhuu niyamaavalini" pravesapettindi, dheeni prakaram bhuswamulu yajamanyanni namodu cheyalsi untundi. chattam venuka rendu kaaranaalu unnaayi. (1) pannu aadaayaanni penchadam, mariyu (2) aaa praantampai ekkuva rashtra niyantrananu amalu cheyadam. ayithe, raitulu aneka kaaranaala valla daavaalanu namodu cheyavalasina avasaram ledani bhavincharu
registration prakriya kooda tappugaa namodu chesukovadaniki mariyu taarumaaru cheyadaaniki terichi undhi. graama nivaasitula yaajamaanyamloni bhoomi chivaraku oka graamastuniki namodu cheyabadindi, mariyu vyaapaarulu mariyu sthaanika ottoman nirvaahakulu tama paeruku pedda bhuubhaagaalanu namodu chesukune avakaasaanni teesukunnaru. phalitamgaa bhoomipai ennadoo nivasinchani prajala chattaparamaina aastigaa maarina bhoomi, raitulu, tarataraalugaa akkada nivasinchina vaaru, swaadheenam chesukunnaru, conny haajarukaani yajamaanula addedaarulu ayyaru.
1856 vimochana samskarana decree mariyu 1869 pourasatva chattam yoodulaku tama sonta paerutoe ottoman syrialo bhoomini kaligi undataaniki hakkunu kalpinchinatlu ardham chesukunnaru. eee chattanni marchadam (united states mariyu dakshina americalo aafrikanla vimukti mariyu russialo baanisala vimukti (russian bhuswamula vargam baanisatvamlo unchindi) adhe samayamlo sambhavinchina maarpu anachivetaku guraina minorityla kosam vimukti mariyu poura hakkula disagaa prapanchavyaaptamgaa 19va sataabdapu udyamamlo oka bhaagam. 1873 naati eee loukika bhuu samskarana/poura hakkula chattam mataparamaina chattamtho gandaragolaniki guraindi mariyu idhi "yoodulu muslim ummaalo oka bhaganni kaligi undaalane islanku avamanamga" pariganinchabadindi. mataparamaina mariyu loukika chattaala madhya gandaragolam kaaranamgaa bhoomi meeda yoodula yaajamaanyaaniki vyatiraekamgaa chattalu (1873loe mugisindi) 'mataparamaina chattalu' gaa marai. 
taruvaati dasaabdaallo bhoomi takkuva chetulapai kendrikrutamai undindi; raitulu bhoomipai pani konasaaginchaaru, bhuuswaamulaku pantalo vatanu icchaaru. idhi paalastiinaa jaateeyavaada sthaayini, alaage poura asaantini penchadaaniki daariteesindi. adhe samayamlo eee praantamloo yoodula valasadaarula pravaham perigindi, vaaru tamanu taamu ekagratato himsa nundi kontha rakshananu andinche nagaralaku parimitam chesukoledu. eee kotta yoodulu tama puurveekula matrubhoomigaa bhaavinche chota kotta bhavishyattunu srushtinchaalani aasatoe vacchaaru. paalastiinaaku yoodula valasalaku sahaayapadataaniki srushtinchabadina samsthalu kooda haajarukaani bhuswamula nundi bhoomini konugolu chesaayi. yoodu valasadaarulu aaa bhoomilo sthirapaddaaru, konnisaarlu appatike akkada nivasistunna raitula sthaanamlo sthirapaddaaru. 1882 nundi yoodula valasadaarula sthiramaina raaka aneka raitu tirugubaatlaku daariteesindi, idhi 1884-1886 naati nundi namodu cheyabadindi.