united stateslo rachana bodhana

pratyaksha upadhyaya-vidyaarthi sikshana kakunda itara paddhatulanu upayoginchi jaateeya sthaayilo united stateslo rachananu bodhinche prayatnaalu modatisaarigaa 19va sataabdamloo amalu cheyabaddaayi. vaari aalochananu meruguparachadaaniki mariyu samslaeshanha cheyadaaniki rachananu upayoginchagala saamarthyam yokka vidyaarthula abhivruddhi mariyu itara vibhagalalo vaari paniteeru madhya saanukuula sambandham baga namodu cheyabadindi. 
sakshyam aadhaarita abhyasa adhyayanala sameekshalo likhita bodhanalo sahayaka pratispandanato kuudina gananeeyamaina mariyu vividha rakaala rachanalu, naipunyaalu mariyu vyuuhaala spashtamaina bodhana, samakaaleena composing technologylu mariyu vishaya parignaanaanni pempondinchadaaniki rachananu upayoginche avakaasaalu undaali. maroe meta-vislaeshanha eee prayojanaalu aangla bhasha kalala taragati gadulaku minchi mariyu vibhagala antataa vistarinchaayani dhruveekarinchindi, sains, saamaajika adhyayanalu mariyu ganita upaadhyaayulu raiting-tuu-learn vyuuhaalanu upayoginche vaaru vidyaarthula avagahana mariyu vishaya parignaanam yokka anuvartanamlo laabhaalanu "sahetukamgaa aasinchagalaru" anae aadhaaraalanu kanugonnaru."rachananu bodhinchadaaniki upaadhyaayula swantha vruttiparamaina tayari, rachana gurinchi vaari vyaktigata nammakalu, paatyaamsaalaku mariyu bodhanaku sambandhinchina sthaanika mariyu jaateeya vidhanalu vidyaarthulu rachayitalugaa elaa neerchukuntaaru mariyu abhivruddhi chendutaaru anedaanni prabhaavitam chestayani choopabadindi.
chaaritraka sandarbham.
harwardlo (1800) muulaalu.
modati kuurpu adhyayana vibhaganni 19va sataabdam chivaralo poura yuddham taruvaata haarvard sthaapinchaaru.
eee vibhagam erpaatuku daariteesina prakriya kontakaalam mundu, saasanaanni, haarvard boilston professorga panicheyadamtho praarambhamaindi. professor padavini srushtinchadaaniki modata modata ward nicolus boilston nidhulu samakuurchaaru, mariyu eee saasanaanni saasanaanni elephalet piyarsantho sahaa oka kamitee roopondinchindi, aaa samayamlo athanu hebru mariyu itara oriental bhashala hancock professor padavini kaligi unnadu. boilston professorship sthaapinchabade varaku, aangla bodhana hancock professorship krindaku vachindi. charitrakaarudu mariyu rachayita, shamyul ii. morrison, aaa samayamlo vaakchaaturyaanni mariyu kuurpunu homilitics yokka oka saakhagaa chudatam vallane idhi jarigindani nammutaaru. pierson saasanam boilston professor padavi yokka vidhulanu vidyaarthulaku "[baga rayadam mariyu matladatam siddhaantam] daani atyanta vistrutamaina mariyu samagramaina ardhamlo bodhinchadam" gaa nirvachinchindi."
nirvachinchindi." charless vilium elliot haarvard adhyakshudiga pramaana sweekaaram chesaaru. thana prarambha prasangamlo ayana "aangla bhasha yokka kramabaddhamaina adhyayanam yokka nirlakshyam" anie bhaavinchina daanini, mukhyamgaa american vidya vyavasthaku sambandhinchi prasanginchaaru. elliot yokka rachanalalo ekkuva bhaagam, thana padaveekaalamlo sampradaayam mariyu vyaakaranam nundi vyakteekarana, vyakteekarana mariyu sweeya-abhivruddhi yokka vistruta bhavanalaku praadhaanyatanivvadam dwara elephalet pierson yokka asalu saasanaanni vistarinchadaaniki krushi chesina, 1819-1851 kuu chendina boilston professor edward tyrel channelling yokka aalochanalanu anusarinchindi. 
anusarinchindi, parisoedhanaa vishwavidyaalayaalalo namodu peragadamtho mariyu empika ottidi peragadamtho, haarvard vanti vishwavidyaalayaalu aksharaasyata gurinchi prajala aandolana kooda perigindi. elliot elliot harwardlo aangla bodhananu meruguparachadaaniki channelling maajee vidyaarthi audums sherman hilnu harward adhyapakulaku niyaminchaadu, aaa tarvaata ventane aadhunika kuurpu paatyaamsaallo oka amsamgaa cherchabadindi. cherchabadindi, haarvard bhaavi vidyaarthula vraatapuurvaka aanglaanni pareekshinchadaaniki oka pravesha pareekshanu erpaatu chesaaru, andulo sagaaniki paiga viphalamayyayi. itara samsthalu tama sonta pareekshalanu amalu chesaayi, ilanti phalitaalato, madhyamika paatasaalallo praamaanika rachana paatyaamsaala avasaram gurinchi vidyaasamsthalalo perugutunna sambhaashanhanu marinta penchaayi.
vistrutamaina rachana kaaryakramaala aavirbhavam (1900luu).
haarvard yokka kuurpu karyakramam sthaapinchabadina taruvaata, america chuttoo unna aneka vishwavidyaalayaalu dheenini anusarinchaayi. aadhunika bhasha sangham (mla) 1901,1902,1903 samvatsaraallo kottagaa sthaapinchabadina kuurpu kaaryakramaala purogatini namodu cheyadaaniki bodhakulu mariyu samsthalaku pampina sarvela nundi sankalanam chesina nivedikalanu vidudala chesindi. eee nivedikalalo edward everet hayle juuniyar gananalu unnaayi. (university off ayova), zaan franklin jenang (amherst kalaasaala), mariyu fred neuton scott (university off michigaon). eee nivedikala dwara mla aangla vakchaturya vidya samaajamlo kuurpu prajaadarana pondinappatikee, itara vidya rangaalu mariyu nipunula nundi gurtimpu takkuvagaa undani, anni kuurpu karyakramalalo adhyapakulu mariyu vanarula korata ledani teelchindi.
rachana mariyu kuurpu yokka prarambha bodhana bhasha yokka soochinche aalochanalapai ekkuvagaa drushti saarinchindi. chetivraata, vyaakaranam, virama chihnalu mariyu spellingku praadhaanyata ivvabadindi, mariyu aalochanala shaili ledhaa srujanaatmaka vyakteekarana kante eee sampradaayaalaku anugunamgaa mariyu content yokka khachitatvampai patraalanu vargeekarinche avakaasam ekkuvagaa undhi. uparitala sampradaayaalapai eee drushtini pantommidava sataabdam chivarilo maa bodhakula asaadhaaranamaina panibharanni gurtinchavacchu, vaaru-- eee samavesalu aalochanala naanhyata kante anchanaa veyadam sulabham kabatti-vaaraaniki grade cheyaalani vaaru bhaavinchina itivruttaala parimaanaanni edurkovataniki dheenini oka coping vyuuhamgaa upayoginchi undavacchu. 
rachana bodhinchadaaniki vidhanalu.
lucil shultz pantommidava sataabdam madhyakaalaaniki chendina aneka paddhatulanu namodu chesaaru, ivi pillala anubhavam mariyu vyakteekarana prerananu aakarshinchayi. 
1970la chivaralo donald graves, johnet emig mariyu itarulu nirvahinchina parisoedhanalu kevalam utpatti kakunda, rachana prakriyapai drushti pettadaniki daariteesaayi. vraata prakriya vidhanam anedi sanklishtamaina mariyu vyaktigatamaina pani anae aavaranapai aadharapadi untundi, dheenini punaraavruta dasala shreni dwara vivarinchavacchu. prati dasalo vidyaarthula ibbandulanu marinta khachitamgaa gurtinchavacchani bhaavinchi, puurva-rachana, rachana mariyu punarlekhanam (ledhaa punarvimarsha) yokka pratyeka dasalanu kaligi undataaniki aaa samayamlo oohinchina eee dasalu vidyaarthulaku namuunaa cheyabaddaayi mariyu bodhinchabaddaayi. unnata vidya nundi eee aalochanalanu paatasaala vidya yokka anni sthaayilalo vyaapti cheyadamlo jaateeya rachana project prabhaavavantamgaa undhi. 
vidyaarthulu sahakaara rachana anie piluvabade prakriyaloo kalisi panicheyadaaniki kooda enchukovachhu. 
sahakaara rachanah praadhaanyata, abhyasam mariyu prakriya" rachayita darolin johns matladutu, chaalaa mandhi vyaktulu aneka kaaranaala valla ontarigaa pani chestaarani chepparu. modatidi emitante, chaalaa mandiki migilina samuuhaanni kalavadaniki samayam dorakadu. maroka kaaranam emitante, prati rachayitaku vaari swantha samstha mariyu vraata prakriya untundi. vidyaarthulu itarulatoe kalisi panichesetappudu, vaaru samuuham yokka sailiki anugunamgaa sardubaatu chesukovali mariyu vaari swantha sailini vadilinchukovaali. chaalaa saarlu vidyaarthula nundi emi aasinchabadutundane daanipai aparthalu untaayi. chivari kaaranam vimarsinchabadutundane bhayam. chaalaa mandhi rachayitalu tama rachanalanu panchukovadamlo soukaryamgaa laeru, endukante idhi vaari paatakulaku nachadani vaaru bhayapadutunnaru.
aidu-paragraph vyaasam.
aidu-paragraph vyaasam anedi americaloni praathamika mariyu madhyamika paatasaalallo rachana bodhinchadaaniki oka saadhaarana vyuuham. vaadananu pradarsinchadam mariyu sakshyalanu andinchadam vanti praathamika amsaalanu vidyaarthulaku neerpadaaniki idhi vidya patraalaku praamaanika aakrutigaa pariganinchabadutundi.
paatyapranaalika antataa rayadam (wac).
1980luu mariyu mariyu, bodhana rachanaku kotta vidhanalu udbhavinchaayi, endukante upaadhyaayulu samarthavantamgaa undalante, oka nirdishta prayojanam mariyu prekshakulaku anugunamgaa rachananu roopondinchaalani grahinchaaru. veetilo pramukhamainadi british aadhaarita udyamam, idhi paatyaamsaallo rachanaga prasiddhi chendindi. bhasha kalala upaadhyaayulu matrame kakunda upaadhyaayulandaruu rachana upadhyayuluga undaali anae praatipadikapai eee vidhanam aadharapadi untundi. aksharaasyata mariyu vishaya parignaanam madhya vibajananu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki roopondinchina eee vidhanam, uddesyam mariyu kramasikshanaku pratyaekamaina vividha sailulalo vraayadaaniki vidyaarthulaku neerpistuu, rachana mariyu abhignaa abhivruddhi madhya sambandhaanni nokki chebutundi. paatyaamsaallo vraase upaadhyaayulu tarachugaa rendu praathamika bodhanaa maargaalanu nokki chebutaru neerchukoevadaaniki rayadam, bhaavanalanu marinta lothugaa ardham chesukovadaniki vidyaarthulanu prerepinchadaaniki anadhikaarika rachana; mariyu nirdishta vidya upanyaasamlo paalgonadaaniki avasaramaina vraata naipunyaalu mariyu sampradaayaalanu vidyaarthulaku neerpinchee vibhagalalo rayadam.
avagahana kosam rayandi.
"avagahana kosam rayadam", 21va sataabdapu vidhanam, vidyaarthulaku samarthavantamgaa vrayadam neerpadaaniki venukabadina roopakalpana suutraalanu sweekaristundi. chaalaa mandhi vidyaarthulaku vraatapuurvakamgaa ardhaanni nirminchadaaniki avasaramaina ghnaanam mariyu nirmaanaalu rendintiloonuu spashtamaina bodhana avasaramani gurtimpu nundi avagahana kosam rayadam perigindi. noti dwara prosessing mariyu namuunaalu mariyu modeling yokka vistrutamaina upayogam eee vidhaanamlo pradhana bodhanaa paddhatulu. avagahana kosam rayadam moodu stambhaalapai aadharapadi untundih venukabadina roopakalpana, avagahana mariyu pratyaksha bodhana. vidyaarthulaku kendrikruta, uddesapurvaka bodhana mariyu abhyasam ivvabadutundihi
upaadhyaayulanu ardham chesukovadaniki vraasukovadam vaari suuchanalanu roopondistundi, tadwara vidyaarthulu tama naipunhyaalanu saadhaaraneekarinchavachchu mariyu tagina sandarbhaalaku badilee cheyavachu. vermont raiting cooperative anedi avagahana kosam rayadam gurinchi samacharam kosam clearing housega panichestundi mariyu professional development, bodhanaa samagri mariyu vidyaavaettalaku maddatunu andistundi.
vrayadam gurinchi rayadam (vaav).
rachana gurinchi rayadam anedi marinta adhunaatana rachana vyuuham, idhi srujanaatmakatanu pempondinchadampai drushti pedutundi mariyu vidyaarthulaloo vishwaasaanni prothsahinchadaaniki mariyu daani swantha rangamgaa raayadaaniki avagahananu pondadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. charless buzzerman, debra eff vanti panditula vimarsalaku pratispandanagaa modati samvatsaram kuurpu (fic) paatyaamsaalaku savaranagaa eee vidhanam jodinchabadindi. manchu, mariyu elizabeth wardle. wardle, wardle mariyu aame parisoedhanaa bhagaswamy doug downes downes prachurinchina vaari munupati vyaasam aadhaaramgaa vaari paatyapustakamaina "raiting ebout raiting" yokka modati editionnu prachurinchaaru. vyaasam mariyu pustakam rendoo kooda vidyaarthulu vraata naipunhyaalanu amalu chesetappudu itara vishayaala gurinchi pradhanamgaa vrayadam nundi, badulugaa rachananu oka amsamgaa roopondinchukovadaaniki, fic bodhananu maarchadaaniki prayatninchaayi.
chadavadam mariyu apprenticeship connections.
kontamandi rachana siddhaantakartala abhiprayam prakaram, rachana, bhasha, vyaakaranam mariyu padajaalam yokka adhikaarika adhyayanam kante aanandam kosam chadavadam anedi rachana kalalo praaveenyam pondadaaniki marinta prabhaavavantamaina marganni andistundi."vyaakarana adhyayanam ledhaa adanapu vraata abhyaasaaniki badulugaa pathana anubhavalanu andinchadam dwara rachananu meruguparachadaaniki prayatninchina adhyayanalu eee anubhavalu vyaakarana adhyayanam ledhaa adanapu vraata abhyasam kante prayojanakaramgaa ledhaa marinta prayojanakaramgaa unnayani kanugonnayi."apprenticeship vidhanam pathana anusandhanam yokka oka vaividhyaanni andistundi, kuurpu taragati gadhi kundalu ledhaa piano varkshaaplanu pooli undaalani vaadinchindi-adhika sweeya-pratibimbam, prekshakulato nimagnamai undatam mariyu spashtamaina niyamaalapai aadharapadataanni taggistundi. maikhel polani prakaram, guruvunu chudatam dwara, oka "apprentices teliyakundaane kala yokka niyamaalanu teesukuntaadu, veetilo maastarku spashtamgaa teliyanivi kooda untaayi.eee vidhanam prakaram, vraata bodhakulu, abhyaasakula rachanalaku pratispandanagaa spashtamaina abhiprayanni andistuu, namuunaalu mariyu kochlugaa panicheestaaru. vidyaarthulu tama drushtini chetilo unna panipai kendrikaristaru, "andubaatulo laeni mariyu gandaragolamgaa unna spashtamaina niyamaalu mariyu vyuuhaalapai kaadu."
2009-prastutam.
samarthavantamgaa, spashtamgaa mariyu alochanatmakamga vraayadaaniki vidyaarthulandarikii neerpinchamani" american prabhutva vidyaavaettalaku vraatapuurvakamgaa jaateeya commission chesina savaaluku paakshikamgaa pratispandanagaa, national governors association center pharr best practices (enn. zii. yea center) mariyu council off cheef state school officers (sii. sii. ess. ess. oo) oo) common core state standards initiative anie piluvabade rashtra netrutvamloni prayatnam yokka samanvayaanni sweekarinchaayi. eee choravatho, "48 rashtraalu, 2 bhuubhaagaalu mariyu columbia jillaaku chendina governorlu mariyu rashtra vidya commissionerlu aangla bhasha kalalalo rashtra pramaanaala yokka ummadi kornu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki kattubadi unnaaru."rachanaku sambandhinchi, saadhaarana pradhana rashtra pramaanaala chorava yokka drushti, kalaasaala mariyu vrutti rachana kosam america vidyaarthulanu siddham cheyadam. eee krindi vargaala chuttoo pramaanaalu nirvahinchabaddaayih vachana rakalu mariyu uddesyaalu; rachana yokka utpatti mariyu pampinhee; gnaanaanni nirminchadaaniki mariyu pradarsinchadaaniki parisoedhana; mariyu rachana paridhi. eee pradhana vargaalu padhi bhavanalu mariyu naipunyaalugaa vibhajinchabaddaayi, ivi kinder gartenloni vidyaarthulaku parichayam cheyabadataayi mariyu taruvaata grade sthaayilalo nirminchabadataayi, abhivruddhi mariyu naipunyaanni sulabhataram cheyadaaniki prati samvatsaram sanklishtata mariyu drudhatvam perugutundane uddesyamto.

