
sabdam addanki

shabda avarodham (soundwall, shabda goda, dhwani berm, dhwani avarodham ledhaa dhwani avarodham anie kooda pilustaaru) anedi sunnitamaina bhuu viniyoga praantaala nivaasulanu shabda kalushyam nundi rakshinchadaaniki roopondinchina bahya nirmaanam. rahadari, railway mariyu paarisraamika shabda vanarulanu tagginchadaaniki shabda addamkulu atyanta prabhaavavantamaina paddhati - 
muulam karyakalapalanu nilipiveyadam ledhaa muulam niyantranala vadakam kakunda.
uparitala ravana sabdam vishayamlo, muulam sabdam teevratanu tagginche itara paddhatulalo hybrid mariyu electric vaahanaala vadakanni prothsahinchadam, automobile aerodynamics mariyu tyre designu meruguparachadam mariyu takkuva sabdam gala paving materialnu enchukovadam vantivi unnaayi. 1970la praarambhamlo shabda niyantranalu pravesapettina taruvaata united stateslo shabda addankula vistrutamaina upayogam praarambhamaindi.
charitra.
iravayyava sataabdam madhyakaalam nundi, vaahanaala rakapokalu periginappati nundi united stateslo shabda addamkulu nirminchabaddaayi. californialoni milpitaslo ii-680 modati shabda avarodham. 1960la chivaralo, oka nirdishta rahadari prakkane unna sabdam avarodham roopakalpana yokka saamarthyaanni ganitasaastraparamgaa anchanaa vaeyadaaniki vislaeshanhaatmaka dhwani saanketikata udbhavinchindi. 1990la natiki, denmark mariyu itara paschima european deshaalalo paaradarsaka padaarthaala vaadakamtho sahaa shabda addamkulu roopondinchabaddaayi.
eee prarambha computer namoonaalalo uttamamainavi rahadari jyaamiti, sthalaakruthi, vaahana parimaanaalu, vaahana vegam, truck misramam, rahadari uparitala rakam mariyu suukshma vaataavarana shaastram yokka prabhavalanu pariganinchaayi. aneka yuu.ess. parisoedhanaa brundaalu computer modeling paddhatula vaividhyaalanu abhivruddhi cheshai californialoni sacramentoloni caltrons pradhana karyalayam; dhi esl ink. californialoni sanneeveellooni samuuham; masaachusetslooni cambridgeloni bolt, beranech mariyu neuman samuuham mariyu florida vishwavidhyaalayamlo oka parisoedhanaa brundam. saastriiyamgaa oka nirdishta shabda avarodhaanni roopondinchina mottamodati prachurita rachana californialoni laas altosloni parvatapraanta expressway kosam adhyayanam.
yuu antataa aneka cases studies.ess. tvaralo dozenla koddi ippatike unna mariyu pranaalikaabaddhamaina rahadaarulanu parishkarinchaaru. veetilo chaalaa varaku rashtra rahadari vibhaagaalache niyaminchabaddaayi mariyu paina perkonna naalugu parisoedhanaa samoohaalalo okati nirvahinchindi. yuu.ess. 1970loe amalu cheyabadina jaateeya paryaavarana vidhana chattam, desamloni prati federal-aid haive act project nundi shabda kalushyam yokka parimaanaatmaka vislaeshanhanu samarthavantamgaa tappanisari chesindi, idhi shabda avarodham namuunaa abhivruddhi mariyu anuvartanaanni prerepistundi. 1972 naati shabda niyantrana chattam aamodinchadamto, sabdam niyantrana spinoff nundi sabdam avarodham roopakalpanaku demand perigindi.
1970la chivari natiki, yuu. ess loe dozenuku paiga parisoedhanaa samuuhaalu unnaayi.ess. prati samvatsaram sabdam addankula kosam kaneesam 200 ververu pradaesaalanu parishkarinchadaaniki mariyu ilanti computer modeling saanketikatanu vartimpajestunnaaru. rahadaarula nundi shabda kalushyanni anchanaa veyadamlo eee saanketikata oka pramaanamgaa pariganinchabadutundi. upayoginchina computer namuunaala swabhaavam mariyu khachitatvam saanketikata yokka asalu 1970la samskaranalatho daadaapu samanamga untundi.
agnimaapaka sibbandi sameepamloni agnini aarpinche yantraalanu access cheyadaaniki mariyu agni gottala gundaa laagadaaniki veelugaa chaalaa shabda addamkulalo chinna mariyu uddesapurvaka antaraalu unnaayi, ivi saadhaaranamgaa sameepa cross streetnu soochinche gurthu mariyu agnini aarpinche yantram yokka pictogram dwara suuchimchabadataayi, ayithe konni jala antaraalu gottalanu goda krinda unna chinna culvert chaanalla dwara prasaram chestaayi.
design.
shabda avarodham roopakalpana yokka dhwani shaastram vayumargam ledhaa railvenu line muulamgaa pariganinchadampai aadharapadi untundi. eee siddhaantam oka nirdishta grahakam vaipu dhwani kiranaala prayaanaanni addukovadampai aadharapadi untundi; ayithe, dhwani yokka vivartananu parishkarinchaali. shabda taramgaalu sabdam avarodham yokka sikharam vanti anchunu daatinappudu (krindiki) vangi untaayi. rahadari ledhaa itara muulam yokka drushti rekhanu addukune addamkulu anduvalla marinta dhwanini addukuntayi. vakreebhavana drugvishayam, sajatiya vaataavaranam samakshamlo dhwani kiranaala vampu anedi vishayalanu marinta klishtataram chestundi. gaali kotha mariyu thermocline atuvanti asamaanatalanu utpatti chestaayi. modal cheyabadina dhwani vanarulalo injin sabdam, tyre sabdam mariyu aerodynamic sabdam undaali, ivanni vaahana rakam mariyu vegaanni batti maarutuu untaayi.
shabda addankini private bhoomipai, praja maargam yokka kudi vaipuna ledhaa itara prabhutva bhoomipai nirminchavacchu. dhwani sthaayilanu lagarithmic scale upayoginchi kolustaaru kabatti, tommidi decibels taggimpu anedi daadaapu 86 saatam avaanchita dhwani saktini tolaginchadaaniki samanam.
padaarthaalu.
dhwani addankula kosam aneka vibhina padaarthaalanu upayoginchavacchu. eee padaarthaalalo raathi, matti pani (erth berm vantivi), ukku, concreetu, kalapa, plaastik, insulating unni ledhaa misramaalu undavacchu. shoshaka padaarthamthoo tayaaru cheyabadina godalu kathinamaina uparitalaala kante bhinnamgaa dhwanini taggistaayi. vidyutnu utpatti cheyadaaniki soura kaantivipeedana falakaalu vanti kriyaaseela padaarthaalatho shabda addamkulanu tayaaru cheyadam kooda saadhyamavutundi, adhe samayamlo traaphik sabdaanni kooda taggistundi.
randhraala uparitala padaartham mariyu dhwani-thema padaartham kaligina goda anedi muulam vaipu ledhaa marekkada takkuva ledhaa sabdam pratibimbimchani chota shoshakam kaavacchu. raathi ledhaa concreetu vanti kathinamaina uparitalaalu pratibimbimchaelaa pariganinchabadataayi, ikkada ekkuva sabdam tirigi sabdam muulam vaipu mariyu antaku minchi pratibimbistumdi.
shabda addamkulu shabda kalushya taggimpuku samarthavanthamaina saadhanalugaa undavacchu, conny konni pradaesaalu mariyu sthalaakruthi shabda addankula vaadakaaniki anukuulamgaa undavu. sabdam addankula empikalo kharchu mariyu soundaryam kooda paatra poeshistaayi. konni sandarbhaallo, oka rahadari chuttoo sabdam tagginche nirmaanam untundi ledhaa cutt-und-cover paddhatini upayoginchi sorangam loki tavvabadutundi.
pratikuulatalu.
shabda addankula yokka sambhaavya pratikuulataluh
vaayu kaalushyampai prabhavam.
roddu pakkana shabda addamkulu roddu sameepamlo vaayu kalushya saandrata sthaayilanu taggistaayani choopabadindi. roddu pakkana nundi 15-50 meterla lopala, shabda addankula lii vaipu vaayu kalushya saandrata sthaayilu bahiranga rahadari viluvalatho poliste 50 saatam varaku taggavacchu.
shabda addamkulu rahadari nundi vachhe kaalushyapu pluumlanu paiki mariyu addanki meedugaa taralinchamani balavantam chestaayi, idhi ettaina muulam yokka prabhavanni srushtistundi mariyu plume yokka niluvu chedaragottadaanni penchutundi. sabdam avarodham dwara prarambha pravaham yokka ksheenata mariyu vikshepam pluumnu addamgaa chedaragottadaaniki balavantam chestundi. nemmadigaa vaegaalu mariyu punah prasarana kuharam kaligina atyanta allakallolamaina kotha praantam avarodham yokka leelo srushtinchabadutundi, idhi chedaragottadaanni marinta penchutundi; idhi parisara gaalini avarodham venuka gaali dwara vachhe kalushya kaarakaalato militam chestundi.

