
atacama cosmology telescope

atakama cosmology telescope (chattam) anedi chileeki uttaraana atakama edaarilooni sero tokolo unna oka vishwodbhava millimeter-taranga telescope. bigg byaang prakriya dwara migilipoyina avashesha vikiranam ayina cosmic microwave nepathya vikiranam (sembi) nuu adhyayanam cheyadaaniki adhika-sunnitatvam, aark minit resolution, aakaasam yokka microwave-tarangadairghya sarvelu chesindi. shaan pedro dii atacama nundi 40 kii. mea. la ettulo unna idhi prapanchamlone ettaina bhuu-aadhaarita telescoplalo okati.
act, dakshina dhruva telescope, doubleu mapp upagraham mariyu plank upagraham vanti cosmic microwave nepathya prayogaalu vishwodbhava shaastram yokka praamaanika lambda-cdm namuunaaku punaadi sakshyalanu andinchaayi. act modata sembi yokka shakti varnapatamlo edu dhwani sikharaalanu gurtinchindi, atyanta teevramaina galaxy samuuhaanni kanugoni, jantagaa chalanaseela suryayev-zeldovic prabhavam dwara galaxyla samuuhaala kadalikalanu modati ganaanka gurtimpunu chesindi.
2007loe roopondinchina eee charya october 2007loe daani modati receiver ayina millimeter bolometer arre camera (mbac) thoo modati kaantini chusindi. act rendu pradhana receiver naveekaranalanu kaligi undhi, ivi dhruveekarana sunnitamaina pariseelanalanu prarambhinchayih actpole (2013-2016) mariyu adhunaatana chattam (2017-2022). 2022 madhyalo mugisina chattam pariseelanalu. chattam US national sains foundation dwara nidhulu samakuurustumdi.
vignaana shaastra lakshyalu.
cobe, boomerang, doubleu mapp, cbi, dakshina dhruva telescope mariyu aneka itara prayogaala dwara cosmic microwave nepathya vikiranam (cmbb) yokka kolatalu, vishwodbhava shaastram gurinchi, mukhyamgaa viswam yokka prarambha parinaamam gurinchi mana gnaanaanni baga abhivruddhi chesaayi. charya dwara parisoedhinchabadina aark minit teermaanaalalo, suryayev-zeldovic prabhavam, dheeni dwara galaxy samuuhaalu cmb paie mudra vestaayi, pramukhamgaa untundi. eee gurtimpu paddhati samuuhaala dravyarashi yokka redshift-swatantra kolatanu andistundi, antey chaalaa suduura, puraatana samuuhaalanu sameepamloni samuuhaala vale gurtinchadam sulabham.
galaxy samuuhaalanu gurtinchadam mariyu kanipinche mariyu ex-rae kaantiloo tadupari kolatalu, bigg byaang nundi vishwamlo nirmaanam yokka parinaamam yokka chitraanni andistaayi. vishwamlo prabalamaina bhaagamgaa kanipinche marmamaina cheekati shakti yokka swabhaavam gurinchi mana avagahananu meruguparachadaaniki idhi upayoginchabadutundi.
cosmic microwave nepathya vikiranam yokka adhika sunnitatva pariseelanalu vishwodbhava paaraamitula khachitamaina kolatalu, itara shaastreeya lakshyaalato paatu galaxy samuuhaalanu gurtinchadam, viswam yokka parinaama charitralo prarambha mariyu chivari dasalanu pariseelinchadaaniki anumatistaayi.
shaastreeya mukhyaamsaalu.
daani operation antataa, chattam shaastreeya samaajaaniki dohadapadindi
sthaanam.
vaataavaranamloo neeti aaviri microwave radiationnu vidudala chestundi, idhi sembi kolatalanu kalushitam chestundi, eee kaaranamgaa sembi telescopelu shushka, adhika-ettulo unna pradaesaala nundi prayojanam pondutaayi. uttara chileelooni atakama edaarilooni andean parvathaalaloni podi mariyu ettaina (inca sulabhamgaa cherukogalige) chajanantar peethabhoomilo eee chattam undhi. atakama edaari asaadhaaranamaina pariseelana paristhitulu mariyu rahadari mariyu sameepa naukaasrayaala dwara daani praapyata kaaranamgaa, cbi, auste, nanten, epex mariyu almatho sahaa aneka itara observatorylu eee praantamloo unnaayi. eee khagola observatorylu mariyu telescopelu pradhanamgaa millimetres mariyu upa-millimetres tarangadairghyalalo khagola telescopela samuuhamaina laano dii chazanantar observatoryni yerparustaayi.
design.
telescope.
eee charya off-axis gregorian telescope. point spread functionlo kalakhandalanu tagginchadaaniki eee off-axis aakruteekarana prayojanakaramgaa untundi. telescope reflectorlalo praadhamika addam mariyu dviteeya addam untaayi. rendu addaalu 71 (praadhamika) mariyu 11 (dviteeya) aluminium pyaanellatoe kuudina vibhaagaalato koodi untaayi. eee falakaalu oka deerghavruttaakaarapu bhramana aakaraanni anusaristaayi mariyu ummadi uparitalaanni roopondinchadaaniki jagrattagaa samalekhanam cheyabadataayi. pariseelana samayamlo tirige aakaasaanni track chese chaalaa telescopela maadirigaa kakunda, eee charya telescopenu sthiramaina ettulo unchadam dwara mariyu ajimuttlo sekanuku rendu degreela saapeksha vegamtho munduku venukaku skaan cheyadam dwara aakaasaanni pariseelistundi. telescope yokka tirige bhaagam sumaruga baruvu untundi, idhi gananeeyamaina injaneering savaalunu srushtistundi. telescope chuttoo unna ground screen bhoomi dwara vidudalayye microwave radiation nundi kalushyanni nirodhistundi. telescope roopakalpana, tayari mariyu nirmaanam british kolambiyaaloni vancouverlo dynamic nirmaanaala dwara jarigindi.
parikaram.
act ekakaalamlo moodu instrument cameralanu kaligi untundi. kalakramena eee kemeraalu asalu emback design nundi prastuta adhunaatana charya parikaraniki upgraded cheyabaddaayi, kramamga dhruveekarana sunnitatvam mariyu oka parikara moduello bahula pounahpunyaalanu grahinchagala saamarthyam vanti marinni lakshanaalanu jodinchaayi. prati cameralo moodu lens vyavastha untundi, gregorian phocus detector phokal plain loki tirigi chithreekarinchabadutundi, oka leot stop praathamika addaanni tirigi chitreekaristundi, idhi veedhi kaanti upasamanaanni anumatistundi.
charyalo unna moodu katakamulu cryogenicalga challabade anty reflection lepita silikanto tayaaru cheyabaddaayi, idhi daani adhika vakreebhavana suuchika (n = 3) kaaranamgaa millimeterloni parikaraalaku kavalsina padaartham. actpole mariyu advaktloni anty-reflection puutalu upa-tarangadairghyam nirmaanaatmaka metamaterial silikanto tayaaru cheyabaddaayi, idhi aaa samayamlo bhoomi aadhaarita cmb telescoplalo oka aavishkarana. optical bhagalu mariyu detector module plaastik kitikeetho vacuum vadda unchabadataayi. filterla stack paraaruna vikiranaanni tiraskaristundi, idhi mimi-tarangadairghya pariseelanalaku hanikaram.
radiation ushnaparamgaa transition-edge sensor bolometerlatho jatacheyabadutundi, ivi squidla shrenini upayoginchi chadavabadatayi.
pariseelanalu.
145 Ghz, 215 Ghz mariyu 280 Ghz anae moodu pounahpunyaalalo sumaru oka aark minit (degreelo 1/60 va va) teermaanaala vadda pariseelanalu cheyabadataayi. prati pounahpunyam mottam 3072 detectorla kosam 1024 muulakaala shreni dwara kolustaaru. detectorlu suupar conducting "transition-edge sensorlu", dheeni adhika sunnitatvam oka degreeki konni millionla vantula lopala varaku cmb yokka ushnogratanu kolichenduku anumatistundi. cryogenic healium refrigeratorla vyavastha detectorlanu sampoorna sunna kante moodinta oka vanthu degree paina unchutundi.
detectorlu.
actlo moodu taraala kemeraalu unnaayi. prati camera anedi samvatsaraalugaa optimize cheyabadina pratyeka detector technology abhivruddhi phalitam. eee kemeraalu adhika sunnitatvaanni saadhinchadaaniki suupar conducting transition edge sensor shrenulanu sadviniyogam chesukuntaayi. 
act phokal plain (mbac) nii janasaandrata kaligina modati shrenilo moodu kemeraalu undevi, veetilo prati okkati daani swantha byaandku sunnitamgaa untundi mariyu dhruveekarana sunnitatvam undadu. rendava taram kemeraalu (octpole) dhruveekarana sunnitatvaanni mariyu rendu byaandlaku (dicroic) sunnitamgaa unde modati cameranu jodinchaayi. moodava taram kemeraalu (advact) actpole loe saadhinchina purogatini cherchaayi, idhi anni cameralanu rendu byaandlaku sunnitamgaa undataaniki veelu kalpinchindi.
samsthalu.
eee chattaniki prinsetton vishwavidyaalayam, carnell vishwavidyaalayam, pensylvania vishwavidyaalayam, nassa/gsfc, zaan hopkins vishwavidyaalayam, british columbia vishwavidyaalayam, nist, pontifia universidad catolica dii chilly, kwaajulu-natal vishwavidyaalayam, perimeter institute pharr theoretical physics, kenadian institute pharr theoretical austrophysics, stanford vishwavidyaalayam, stoney brook vishwavidyaalayam, cardiff vishwavidyaalayam, orgaon national laboratory, haverford kalaasaala, rutgers vishwavidyaalayam, pitsburg vishwavidyaalayam, yusi barkili, dakshina california vishwavidyaalayam, oxford vishwavidyaalayam, paris-sackley vishwavidyaalayam, arbana-shampineloni illinais vishwavidyaalayam, slastech national, accelerator, calliset, austeric vishwavidyaalayam, austeric vishwavidyaalayam, austeric vishwavidyaalayam, austeric vishwavidyaalayam, austeric vishwavidyaalayam, austeric vishwavidyaalayam, austeric vishwavidyaalayam, auste

