
federal (fencing)

federal (bahuvachanam "federn"; "fechtfeder", bahuvachanam "fechtfedern") anedi german punarujjeevanamloni "fechtschulen" (fencing paatasaalalu) loe upayoginche oka rakamaina sikshanaa katthi.
eee rakam kaneesam 15va sataabdam nundi unikilo undhi, conny idhi 16va sataabdamloo matrame praamaanika sikshanaa aayudhamgaa vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadindi (long vard fencing dvandvayuddham yokka teevramaina amsaanni kaligi undatam agipoyinappudu, ippudu dwandwa yuddhalu repiyartho poraadabaddaayi), 
aaa kaalamlooni poraata maanyuvallalo, mukhyamgaa palls hector mair mariyu jochim mair yokka yuddha maanyuvallalo vistrutamgaa choopabadindi, mariyu idhi 17va sataabdam varaku mariyu konni sandarbhaallo 18va sataabdamloo chaalaa varaku atuvanti "fechtschulen" loe upayogamlo undipoyindi.
eee kattulaku "federal" anae padam yokka muulam anischitamgaa undhi. german padam "federal" antey "eeka" ledhaa "quill" anie ardham, conny 17va sataabdamloo lohapu neeti buggalaku upayoginchabadindi (i.ii. daadaapu adhe samayamlo sparring ayudham paeru mariyu bahusha daani dwara prabhaavitamaindi). fechtfeder" anae padam federalfector, i paerutoe anusandhaaninchabadinatlu telustondi.ii. "fether fencers", 1570loe praaglo erpadina fencerla sangham ledhaa sodarabhavam. sparring katthi kosam "federal" anae padam modata 16va sataabdam chivaralo "federfector" (sambandham laeni kaaranaala valla, vaari vaarasatva chihnamgaa upayoginchina eeka ledhaa quill kaaranamgaa piluvabadevaaru) upayoginche abhyasa aayudhanni egataali chese padamgaa udbhavinchi undavacchu, marks sodarulu, vaaru "federfector" nuu nijamaina aayudhaalaku badulugaa "quillsto kanche" gaa ledhaa nijamaina poraatam kante "kwiltho poradadamlo" manchivaarani bhaavinche panditulu ledhaa vidyaavettalugaa (pratyarthi fencing sanghaala yokka vibhina vruttiparamaina nepathyaalanu pratibimbistumdi). johann fishart thana "gargantuwa" (1575) loe ippatike kanche aayudhanni raktamlo "quill" vraathatho polchadu.
federsvert" anae punarvibhajana padam aadhunikamainadi.
katthi chaalaa sannani, gundrani blade, pedda ricaso mariyu bhaarii hitttho mariyu pommel kaligi untundi. eee kaaranamgaa, idhi nijamaina katthi vale adhe baruvu mariyu samatulyata kendraanni kaligi untundi mariyu oke vidhamgaa nirvahistundi. eee vichitramaina nirmaanam katthi yokka percussion kendraanni daani konaku minchina saiddhaantika binduvuku taralinche prabhavanni kooda kaligi untundi. fedder schwart" yokka kona ubbinadi mariyu nettadam surakshitamgaa cheyadaaniki tholu sleevtho kappabadi undavacchu, ayithe atuvanti upayogam gurinchi pratyaksha chaaritraka aadharalu laevu. 
chaaritraka european yuddha kalala punaruddharana sandarbhamlo, 21va sataabdamloo poraata aayudhalugaa mariyu pootii kosam "fechtfedern" utpatti punaruddharinchabadindi. konni hema samoohaalalo, konni chaaritraka federn kramamga sannabadutundani nammutaaru, ayithe idhi ellappuduu aayudhaala aadhunika punarnirmaanaalaku vartinchadu. adanamgaa, aadhunika punarnirmaanaala yokka blade-catcherlu, skilden, chadunaina chaturasraala nundi double-trouged parirhaken varaku maarutuu untaayi. konni kooda daari tappina "la" aakaaramlo anukuuleekarinchina hiltlanu kaligi untaayi, marikonni 'rendu angulaala varaku vistarinchi untaayi. classic golaalu, vividha polyheadronlu, aayudhaala katthi-shaili disclu ledhaa saadhaaranamgaa kanneeti chukkalu ledhaa gudla madhya pommel akaaraalu kooda maarutuu untaayi.

