
parimaana saadhaaraneekarana

ganankalalo, parimaana saadhaaraneekarana anedi ganaanka lakshanaalalo rendu pampineelanu okela cheyadaaniki oka saanketikata. pareeksha pampineeni adhe podavu yokka suuchana pampinheeki parimaanam-saadhaaraneekarinchadaaniki, pareeksha pampineeni kramabaddheekarinchadaaniki mariyu suuchana pampineeni kramabaddheekarinchadaaniki. pareeksha pampinheelo atyadhika namodu appudu suuchana pampinheelo atyadhika namodu viluvanu, suuchana pampinheelo tadupari atyadhika namodu viluvanu, mariyu modalainavi, pareeksha pampinhee suuchana pampinheeki bhangam kaliginche varaku teesukuntundi.
reference distribution lekunda, okadaanikokati rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva distributionlanu saadhaaraneekarinchadaaniki, munupatilage kramabaddheekarinchandi, aapai distributionla sagatuku (saadhaaranamgaa, ankaganita sagatu) sett cheyandi. kabatti anni sandarbhaallo atyadhika viluva atyadhika viluvala sagatu avutundi, rendava atyadhika viluva rendava atyadhika viluvala sagatu avutundi, modalainavi.
saadhaaranamgaa oka suuchana pampinhee anedi gassian pampinhee ledhaa poison pampinhee vanti praamaanika ganaanka pampinheelalo okatigaa untundi. reference distributionnu yaadrucchikamgaa ledhaa distribution yokka cumulative distribution function nundi regular samples teesukovadam dwara utpatti cheyavachu. ayithe, edainaa reference distributionnu upayoginchavacchu.
parimaana saadhaaraneekarana tarachugaa microare dayta vislaeshanhaloo upayoginchabadutundi. idhi quantile praamaaneekaranagaa pravesapettabadindi, aapai quantile saadhaaraneekaranagaa paeru maarchabadindi.
udaaharana.
chaalaa chinna datasetlo ituvanti saadhaaraneekarana yokka sheeghra drushtaamtah
shrenulu 1 nundi 3 varaku, janyuvulu a nundi d varaku
 eah 5 4 3
 bii 2 1 4
 sii 3 4 6
 dii 4 2 8
prati niluvu varusaku atyalpa sthaayi nundi atyadhika sthaayi varaku ranknu nirnayinchi, i-IV sankhyanu ketayinchandi.
 a IV III i
 bii ii ii II
 sii II III
 dii III II IV
eee rank viluvalu taruvaata upayoginchadaaniki pakkana pettabaddayi.
dayta yokka modati setku tirigi vellandi. prati niluvu varusa atyalpa viluvaku velle kramamlo undela modati niluvu varusa viluvalanu tirigi amarchandi. (modati niluvu varusalo 5,2,3,4 untundi. idhi 2,3,4,5kii punarvyavastheekarinchabadindi. rendava niluvu varusalo 4,1,4,2nii 1,2,4,4kii punarvyavastheekarinchaaru, mariyu 3,4,6 thoo kuudina niluvu varusalo 3,8 alaage untundi endukante idhi ippatike atyalpa viluva nundi atyadhika viluvaku kramamlo undhi.) phalitam ilaa untundih
 a 5 4 3 anedi a 2 1 3 avutundi
 b214 anedi b2324 avutundi
 c3 4 6 anedi c4 4 6 avutundi
 d 4 2 8 anedi d 5 4 8 avutundi
ippudu ryaankulanu nirnayinchadaaniki prati varusaku sagatunu kanugonandi
 a (2 + 1 + 3)/3 = 2.00 = rank i
 bii (3 + 2 + 4)/3 = 3.00 = rank II
 sii (4 + 4 + 6)/3 = 4.67 = rank III
 d (5 + 4 + 8)/3 = 5.67 = rank IV
ippudu ranking kramaanni teesukoni kotta viluvalalo pratyaamnaayam cheyandi
 a IV III i
 bii ii ii II
 sii II III
 dii III II IV
avtundi
 a 5.67 4.67 2.00
 bii 2.00 2.00 3.00
 c 3.00 4.67 4.67
 d. 4.67 3.00 5.67
ivi kotta saadhaaraneekarinchina viluvalu. 
ayithe, rendava niluvu varusalo vale, viluvalu ranklo mudipadi unnappudu, vatiki badulugaa avi bhinnamgaa unte saadhaaranamgaa soochinche ryaankulaku anugunamgaa viluvala sagatunu ketaayinchaalani gamaninchandi. niluvu varusa 2 vishayamlo, avi moodava mariyu naalugava ryaankulanu suuchistaayi. kabatti memu rendu tide rank III entreelanu rank III kii 4.67 sagatu mariyu rank IV kii 5.67 sagatu ketayistamu, idhi 5,17. kabatti memu eee krindi saadhaaraneekarinchina viluvala samitiki cherukuntamuhu
 a 5.67 5.17 2.00
 bii 2.00 2.00 3.00
 c 3.00 5.17 4.67
 d. 4.67 3.00 5.67
kotta viluvalu oke pampineeni kaligi untaayi mariyu ippudu sulabhamgaa polchavachhu. moodu niluvu varusalo pratidaaniki saaraamsa ganaamkaalu ikkada unnaih
 mini. : 2.000 nimisham. : 2.000 nimisham. : 2.000 
 1va kyuu.: 2.750 1 va prasna.: 2.750 1 va prasna.: 2.750 
 madhyasthah 3.833 madhyasthah 4.083 madhyasthah 3.833 
 sagatuh 3.833 anteh 3.833 anteh 3.833 
 3va kyuu.: 4.917 3 va prasna.: 5.167 3 va prasna.: 4.917 
 garishtamgaa. : 5.667 garishtamgaa. : 5.167 garishtamgaa. : 5.667

