
united states prabhutva swatantra samsthalu

samyukta raashtraala prabhutvamlo, swatantra samsthalu anevi samakhya karyanirvahaka vibhagalu (cabinet karyadarshi netrutvamlonivi) mariyu rashtrapati karyanirvahaka karyalayam velupala unna agencylu. oka sankuchitamaina ardhamlo, eee padam karyanirvahaka saakhalo bhaagamgaa pariganinchabade swatantra agencylanu matrame suuchistumdi, ivi niyantrana ledhaa niyamaala tayari adhikaram kaligi untaayi mariyu adhyaksha niyantrana nundi nirodhinchabadataayi, saadhaaranamgaa agency adhipati ledhaa sabhyudini tolaginche adhyakshudi adhikaram parimitam.
congress aamodinchina pratyeka saasanaala dwara sthaapinchabadina, prati sambandhita chattabaddhamaina adhikaram manjuru agency yea lakshyaala kosam panicheyaali, alaage yea mukhyamaina praantaalu, evaina unte, vaatipai niyamaala roopakalpana adhikaram undavacchu anae vaatini nirvachistundi. eee agency niyamaalu (ledhaa nibandhanalu), amalulo unnappudu, samakhya chattam yokka adhikaranni kaligi untaayi.
karyanirvahaka mariyu niyantrana samsthalu.
samakhya karyanirvahaka vibhagalu (cabinet karyadarshi netrutvamlonivi) mariyu rashtrapati karyanirvahaka karyalayam velupala swatantra samsthalu unnaayi. swatantra karyanirvahaka samsthalu mariyu swatantra "niyantrana" samsthala madhya marinta vyatyaasam undhi, veetini congress niyamaalu roopondinche baadhyatalu ledhaa adhikaarulanu ketaayinchindi. paperwork taggimpu chattam securitylu mariyu exchange commission, federal reserve, commodity futures trading commission, federal deposit insurance corporation mariyu viniyogadaarula aardhika rakshana beuro vanti 19 lekkinchabadina "swatantra niyantrana agencylanu" jabita chestundi. saadhaaranamgaa, swatantra niyantrana samsthala adhipatulanu kaaranaala kosam matrame tolaginchavacchu, conny cabinet sabhyulu mariyu paryaavarana parirakshana samstha adhipati vanti swatantra karyanirvahaka samsthala adhipatulu "adhyakshudi ishtanusaram" panicheestaaru mariyu kaaranam lekunda tolaginchavacchu. 
swatantra karyanirvahaka samsthala kosam vidhananni roopondinchadaaniki karyanirvahaka aadesaalanu upayoginche adhikaram adhyakshudiki entha varaku undho vivadaspadamga undhi. aneka arderlu pratyaekamgaa swatantra agencylaku minahaayimpu istayi, conny konni alaa cheyavu. karyanirvahaka uttarvu 12866 anedi vivaadaaspadamaina oka pratyeka vishayam; dheeniki konni niyantrana charyalaku vyaya-prayojana vislaeshanha avasaram.
oka sankuchitamaina ardhamlo, "swatantra agency" anae padam eee swatantra niyantrana samsthalanu matrame suuchistumdi, ivi karyanirvahaka saakhalo bhaagamgaa pariganinchabadutunnappatiki, niyamaalanu roopondinche adhikaram kaligi untaayi mariyu adhyaksha niyantrana nundi nirodhinchabadataayi, saadhaaranamgaa agency adhipati ledhaa sabhyudini tolaginche adhyakshudi adhikaram parimitam.
niyantrana samsthala nirmaanam.
swatantra agencylanu samakhya karyanirvahaka vibhagalu mariyu itara karyanirvahaka agencyla nundi vaati nirmaanaatmaka mariyu kriyaatmaka lakshanaala dwara vaeru cheyavachu. vaari adhikaarulanu adhyakshudu tolaginchakundaa rakshinchavachhu, vaarini okesari niyaminchaleni boardu dwara niyantrinchavacchu mariyu boardu dwaipaakshikamgaa undaali.
swatantra agency adhikaarulanu tolaginchadaaniki adhyakshudi prayatnaalu eee praantamloo chaalaa mukhyamaina supreenkortu nyaya abhipraayaalanu srushtinchaayi. 1935loe, humprey yokka karyanirvahakudu v kesulo supreenkortu. karyanirvahaka yantraangam yokka oka chethi ledhaa kannu" ayina samsthala nundi adhikaarulanu tolaginche adhikaram adhyakshudiki unnappatikee, federal trade commission vanti pakshika-chattaparamaina ledhaa pakshika-nyaya vidhulanu nirvahinche paripalana samsthala adhikaarulanu tolaginche adhyakshudi adhikaarampai chattabaddhamaina parimitulanu samarthinchindi. adhyakshulaku saadhaaranamgaa saadhaarana karyanirvahaka agency adhipatulanu ishtanusaram tolaginche adhikaram untundi, conny vaaru asamarthatha, vidhi nirlakshyam, dushpravartana ledhaa itara manchi kaaranaala vanti swatantra agencyla kamishanarla tolagimpu kosam chattabaddhamaina avasaralanu teerchaali.
chaalaa karyanirvahaka samsthalaku united states adhyakshudu niyaminchina oke director, administrator ledhaa karyadarshi undagaa, swatantra samsthalaku (adhyaksha niyantranaku velupala undatam anae sankuchitamaina ardhamlo) daadaapu ellappuduu commission, boardu ledhaa ilanti kalaasaala samstha untundi, indulo aidu nundi eduguru sabhyulu untaaru, vaaru agencypy adhikaranni panchukuntaaru. (anduke aneka swatantra samsthalu tama paeruloe "commission" ledhaa "boardu" anae padaanni kaligi untaayi.) adhyakshudu commissionerlu ledhaa boardu sabhyulanu niyamistaadu, senate dhruvikaranaku lobadi, conny vaaru tarachugaa asthiramaina mariyu naalugu samvatsaraala adhyaksha padaveekaalam kante ekkuva kaalam panichese padaveekaalaanni kaligi untaaru, antey chaalaa mandhi adhyakshulaku icchina swatantra agency yokka kamishanarlandarini niyaminche avakaasam undadu. adanamgaa, chaalaa swatantra agencylaku commissionlo dwaipaakshika sabhyatvam yokka chattabaddhamaina avasaram undhi, kabatti adhyakshudu thana sonta raajakeeya party sabhyulatho khaaliilanu bharti cheyaleru. adhyakshudu saadhaaranamgaa yea commissioner chairparsanga panichestaaro paerkonavacchu.
congress konni agencylanu paalaka saasanamlo spashtamgaa "swatantra" gaa paerkonavacchu, conny kriyaatmaka vyatyaasaalu marinta chattaparamaina praamukhyatanu kaligi untaayi. vaastavaaniki, eee commissionerlu ledhaa boardu sabhyulalo adhika turnover raetu antey adhyakshudiga modati padaveekaalam tarvaata modati rendu samvatsaraalalo prati swatantra agency commissionlo oating majorityni erpaatu cheyadaaniki taginanta khaaliilanu bharti cheyadaaniki chaalaa mandhi adhyakshulaku avakaasam untundi. konni prasiddha sandarbhaallo, karyanirvahaka samstha raajakeeya niyamakalalo kontamandi asammati vyaktula kante swatantra samsthalu marinta vishwasaneeyamgaa mariyu adhyakshudi korikalu mariyu vidhana lakshyaalato lock steplo unnayani adhyakshulu kanugonnaru.
swatantra agencyla commissionerlu tolaginchagala paristhitulanu parimitam chese saasanaalanu congress aamodinchinappatiki, swatantra agency amalu vanti edainaa karyanirvahaka adhikaaraalanu upayogiste, mariyu vaarilo chaalaa mandhi alaa chesthe, congress karyanirvahaka adhikaarulapai tolagimpu adhikaranni tanaku taanugaa ketayinchukodu. rajyangaparamga, congress abhisamsana charyala dwara matrame adhikaarulanu tolaginchagaladu. congress sabhyulu karyanirvahaka adhikaralu unna swatantra samsthalalo commissionerluga panicheyaleru, ledhaa congress swayamgaa commissionerluga niyaminchaleru-raajyaangamlooni niyamaka nibandhana aaa adhikaranni adhyakshudiki istundi. ayithe, senate "salaha mariyu sammati" dwara niyamakalalo paalgontundi, idhi nirdhaarana vichaaranalu mariyu rashtrapati naamineelapai otla dwara jarugutundi.
swatantra samsthala udaaharanalu.
eee agencylu cabinetlo praatinidhyam vahinchavu mariyu rashtrapati karyanirvahaka karyalayamlo bhaagam kavuh
karyanirvahaka saakha velupala unna samsthalu.
karyanirvahaka saakhalo adhikarikamga bhaagam kaanappatikee, eee agencylu tama karyakramalu mariyu karyakalapala gurinchi konni samacharanni prabhutva karyakalapala rojuvaaree patrika ayina federal registerlo vidudala cheyalsina avasaram undhi.