
oklahoma kikkaapuu tega

oklahoma yokka kikkaapuu tega united stateslo samakhya gurtimpu pondina moodu kikkaapuu tegalalo okati. consas, texas mariyu mexicolalo kooda kikkapuu tegalu unnaayi. kikkaapuu oka atavee tega, vaaru algonqvian bhashanu matladataru. vaaru texas yokka kikkaapuu saampradaaya tega, consasloni kikkaapuu tega mariyu mexican kikkaapuutoe anubandham kaligi unnaaru.
prabhutvam.
oklahoma kikkaapuu tega pradhana karyalayam oklahoma looni mccloud loe undhi mariyu vaari girijana adhikara paridhi praantam oklahoma, potavatomy mariyu 
linkan counteelu. namodu chesukunna 2,630 mandhi girijana sabhyulalo 1,856 mandhi oklahoma raashtramlo nivasistunnaaru. tegaku sabhyatvam kosam kaneesam naaluginta oka vanthu rakta parimaanam kikkapuu santatiki chendinadi kaavaali.
eee tegaku darwin kaskaske chairman., david pacheko juuniyar sthaanamlo niyaminchabaddaadu. eee tega thana sonta gruha nirmaana adhikaranni nirvahistundi mariyu girijana vaahanaala taglanu jaarii chestundi.
aardhika abhivruddhi.
oklahomaaloni kikkaapuu tegaku oka gyaas station mariyu 2 casinolu unnaayi. vaari anchanaa vaarshika aardhika prabhavam 2010loe $16 millionlu. kikkaapuu casino girijana pradhana kaaryaalayaaniki sameepamlo oklahomaaloni mccleodku uttaraana undhi.
oklahoma indian casinolu tega vaareegaa casinolu."500 deshaalu."(21 fibravari 2009naa tirigi pondabadindi)</|url = HTTP:// newsok.com/kikaapuu-tribe-off-oklahoma-plaanlu-casino-shaniki daggaralo/vyaasam/3642916|pravesha thedhee = 20 janavari 2015|prachuranakarta = vaartalu sarae|thedhee = januref paeru = "nyuus starr (2012)"> </rifa>
bhasha.
sumaru 400 mandhi girijana sabhyulu kikkapuu bhashanu matladataru. nedu pillalu matlade konni oklahoma girijana bhaashalalo idhi okati.
charitra.
uttara muulaalu.
kikkaapuu vaari padam "kivigapava" nundi vachindi, dheeni ardham "athanu ikkada nundi akkadiki veltaadu"."eee tega kendra algonqvian samuuhamloo bhaagam mariyu eee kodalatho mariyu nakkatho sannihita jaathi mariyu bhasha sambandhaalanu kaligi undhi. nakka mariyu wisconsin nadula sangamam vadda sumaru 1667-70 loe charitralo modatisaarigaa kikkapuu namodu cheyabadindi. menomineela ottiditoe, kikkapuu mariyu vaari mitraraajyaalu dakshina mariyu paschimaana dakshina michigaon, uttara ayova, ohiyo mariyu illinayisloki kadilaayi. 1803 juun 7naa yuu. ess. madhya oka oppandam.ess. prabhutvam mariyu ohiyo, wabash mariyu mayami nadula dwara neeru traagabadina deshaanni aakraminchina delaware, shaanii, potavatomi, mayami, eel nadhi, veeyaa, kikkapuu, piankesha mariyu kaskaskia tegalu mariyu 1803 augustu 7 naati tadupari oppandam 1795loe general anthony wayne mariyu fort wayne mariyu winsense, indiana dwara greenville oppandamlo gatamlo manjuru chesina bhoomulanu appaginchindi. eee oppandaalu mariyu 1809,1815,1816,1819 mariyu 1820loe jarigina tadupari oppandaala dwara tega wabash, telupu mariyu vermillion nadulapai unna tama bhoomulannintini vadulukuni osej nadipai unna misoureeki maarindi.
maidaanaallo punaravasam.
kevalam oka dasaabdam taruvaata, 1832loe, eee tega missouriilooni tama bhoomulanu vidichipetti, consasloni delaware deshaaniki dakshinaana fort leavenworth sameepamlo "shaashwata" nivaasam manjuru cheyabadindi. kikkapuu kaansaasloki vellina samayamlone, vaarilo kondaru texasku vellaaru, mexico mariyu american vistaranavaadula madhya bufferga panicheyadaaniki spanish valasa governor akkada sthirapadataaniki aahvaninchaaru. mexican swaatantrya yuddham mariyu texas viplavam konni vandala kikkapuu dwara sthiranivaasula alalu aagavani niroopinchaayi. texas viplavam mugimpulo, eee samuuhaalu dakshinaana meksikoloki marai. 1854loe consas bhuubhaagamlooni thoorpu bhaganni united statesku appaginchaaru, kikkapuu paschima 150,000 ekaraalanu vadilivesindi. eee oppandamlooni rendu nibandhanalu tegapai deerghakaalika prabhavalanu chuuputaayi. eee oppandam kikkapuu bhoomula sarveku adhikaram ichindi, idhi rusumu saadhaarana ketayinpuku aadhaaramgaa upayoginchabadutundi mariyu idhi reservation antataa railroad rait-off-vaenu manjuru chesindi.
eee rendu upavaakyaalanu oka praatipadikagaa upayoginchi, sthaanika agent vilium badger, bhaarata vyavahaaraala commissioner charless ii. nuu oppinchaadu. kikkapoolu tama bhoomulanu ketaayinchaalani korukuntunnarani kalapandi. tega ellappuduu tama bhoomulanu ummadigaa kaligi undadaanni parigananaloki teesukunte, tega nijamgaa ketaayimpunu korukune avakaasam ledhu. ayithe, badger oppinchadam drishtya, 1) bhaaratheeyulu bhoomini survey chesi ketayinche kharchulaku chelliste, 2) prati inti talaku 80 ekaraalu ketayinchinatlayite, 3) consas kikkapuu ketaayinchina tarvaata migili unna bhoomulu edainaa unte ketayimpu konasaagaalani mixes aadesinchindi. dakshina kikkapuu kosam ketayinchani bhoomulanu kaligi undatam, railroad prayojanaala kosam kaadu mariyu badger ketayimpu kosam girijana sabhyulapai ottidi cheyadam praarambhinchindi. vaaru firyadu chesinappatiki, idhi raajakeeya ennikalu, vaari agentto girijana samasyalu kaadu, idhi padavi nundi badgernu tolaginchi, athani sthaanamlo athani baava charless bii. 1861loe keeth.
keeth senator shamyul sii yokka raajakeeya mitrudu. 1859loe erpadina khandantara railroad yokka kendra vibhaagamaina achison mariyu paik yokka sikhara railroad adhyakshudiga unna pomeroy. railway kikkapuu reservation meedugaa maargam yokka hakkunu pondaalani mariyu reservation ketayinchinappudu edainaa migulu bhoomulaku sheershika pondaalani korukunnadu. pomeroy mariyu keeth iddaroo kalusukuni ketaayimpunu koorutuu commissioner mixku lekhalu raasaaru mariyu 1862 natiki, kikkapootho mallee oppandam kudirindi. 28 juun 1862 oppandam prakaram, adhipatulu 320 ekaraalanu, kutumbaala adhipatulu 160 ekaraalanu, itara girijana sabhyulandarikee 40 ekaraalanu andinchadaaniki anumatinchaaru, migilina 125,000 ekaraalalo ekkuva bhaagam railrodku vikrayinchabadindi. ketaayimpunu angeekarinchakudadani nirnayinchukunna vaaru oklahomaalo kotta rijarvnu gurtinchadaaniki erpaatu chese varaku tama bhoomulanu ummadigaa unchukovadam konasaginchavacchu.ii. bhaarata bhuubhaagam, mariyu edainaa dakshina kikkapuu consascu tirigi vacchi vaari ketaayimpunu chepattadaaniki oka samvatsaram samayam undedi, ledhaa adhi kolpotundi. oppandam aamodinchabadinatlu vaartalu veluvadinapudu, nirasana chelaregindi.
oppandam kudirindani tamaku teliyadani, inca oppandaala gurinchi charchalu jaruputunnamani kikkapuu suuchimchimdi. consas attarney general warren vilium gutri grand jurie vichaarananu praarambhinchaaru. ketayimpu nilipiveyabadenta teevramaina abhiyogaalu pariganinchabaddaayi mariyu bhaarata vyavahaaraala kotta commissioner vilium pii. 1863loe niyamitulaina dole, daryaaptu cheyadaaniki consascu vellaaru. aaa taruvaata jarigina vichaaranalalo, eee vishayamlo gutreeki nijamaina aasakti pratyarthi railroad ayina hannibal mariyu seyint thoo athani prameyam nundi udbhavinchindani aaropanalu vachayi. joseph railroad corporation. dole washingtonku tirigi vacchi 1864 april 4naa adhyakshudu linkanku thana nivedikanu samarpinchaadu. kontamandi visugu chendina kikkapuu, consassnu vidichipettaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru, mariyu sumaru 700 mandhi brundam 1864 septembarulo akkada bandhuvulatho chaeradaaniki meksikoku vellaaru. 1865loe pomeroy nundi vacchina ottidi chivaraku kikkapuu girijana ketaayimpunu konasaaginchadaaniki aamodam pondindi, ayinappatikee vaaru pratighatinchaaru. 1869 natiki, kevalam 93 consas kikaapuu matrame feezu saadhaarana ketaayimpunu angeekarinchindi, migilina vaaru tama bhoomulanu ummadigaa konasaaginchadaaniki ishtapadataaru. oka chinna brundam, daadaapu 50 mandhi girijanulu japthu kaalam mugiselopu mexico nundi consas reservationku tirigi vachinappatikee, vaaru kontakaalam saadhaarana bhoomulalo sthirapaddaaru, conny vaari ketaayimpulanu claim cheyadaaniki mundu vellipoyaaru. taruvaata vaaru 1874loe bhaarata bhuubhaagamlooni kikkapoolo cheraaru. 1875loe, mexican kikkapoolalo 114 mandhi brundam consas reservationku tirigi ivvabadindi.
texas settlement.
consaslo tega sthirapadina samayamlo modati dakshina kikkaapuu valasalu jarigaayi. vaaru dakshina mydaanaala gundaa prayaaninchi, 1837 loe floridaloni seminoltho poraadaaru mariyu komanche nundi gurraala kosam texasloki tirugutuu vacchaaru. 1850loe, vaaru texas sthiranivaasulu mariyu uttara kohuilaloni lipan, komanche mariyu itara tegalapai daadi chestu, mexicanla madhya rakshanagaa panicheyadaaniki angeekarinchaaru. vaari sevaku bahumatigaa, spanish governor vaariki santa rosa (ippudu melchor muzquiz anie pilustaaru) sthaavaraaniki sameepamlo unna hassinda dell nassemiento vadda bhoomi manjoorunu pradaanam chesaaru. vaari balam garishta sthaayiki cherukunnappudu, dakshina kikaapuu, sumaru 1500 mandhi unnaaru mariyu 1860 natiki bhaarata bhuubhaagamlooni kenadian mariyu vashita nadula nundi texasloni sabine mariyu brazos nadula varaku uttara meksikoolooni remolino nadhi varaku oka chittadi neelaloo nivasistunnaaru.
1864loe consasloni agentlu mariyu vaari railroad sahacharula nakilee charyalatho visugu chendina sumaru 700 mandhi kikkapoolu meksikoolooni vaari bandhuvulatho chaeradaaniki bayaludaeraaru. confederate scouts vaari marganni enchukuni, vaari phalitaalanu kepten henry fosset mariyu kepten ess. kuu nivedinchaaru. ess. toten, texas militiamenla samuuhaaniki nayakudu. 1865 janavari 8naa, texans vaaru pavuram creak vadda kikkapoopai daadi chesi, kontha araganta paatu yuddhamlo nimagnamai, taruvaata venakki taggaaru. kikkaapuu sumaru 15 mandhi yodhulanu, texon rettimpu mandhi purushulanu kolpoyindi. 1868loe, bhaarata vyavahaaraala commissionerku icchina nivedika mexicolo sumaru 800 kikkapoolu nivasistunnaayani suuchimchimdi mariyu texas paschima bhaagamlo daadulaku mexican kikkapoole kaaranamani perkondi. texas pourulanu santimpajese prayatnamlo mariyu mexico, yuu. ess thoo samasyalanu nivaarinche prayatnamlo.ess. kikkapooni tirigi pondaalani nirnayinchukunnadu.
congress paas chesindi p.ell. 16va sthaanam. 359 texas mariyu mexicolo kikkapooni sekarinchi, vaatini bhaarata bhoobhaagamlo sthaapinchadaaniki antargata karyadarshi kosam tagina nidhulanu ketaayinchadaaniki 1870 juulai 15 naati chattam. rendava charya, p.ell. 16va sthaanam. 569, 3 marchi 1871naa congress aamodinchinadi, united states lopala reservationlapy kikkapuu yokka punaravasam mariyu jeevanaadhaaram kosam nidhulanu ketaayinchindi. eee rendu charyalatho saayudhamaina bharatiya agent zaan dii. miles, consas kikkapuu pratinidhi brundamtho kalisi shanta rosa vadda unna bhaaratheeyulanu united statesku tirigi raavadaaniki oppinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru. shanta rosa nivaasitulu itara aradinche tegala nundi tama ekaika rakshanagaa maillanu kikkapootho maatlaadataaniki anumatinchadaaniki mexican adhikarulu niraakarinchaaru.
1873loe, meksikanlu texas pasuvula dongatanaanni daachadaaniki mexican adhikarulu kikkaapoonu upayogistunnarani suuchistuu firyadulu mallee vacchina taruvaata, kikkaapoonu bhaarata bhuubhaagaaniki teesukuraavadaaniki maroka prayatnam jarigindi. pratyeka agentlu hetch. emm. atkinson mariyu cole. tii. zii. governor victoriano sepeda kamachoku neerugaa sampradimpulu jarapadaniki villiams saltillo vellaadu. pourulu mariyu kohuila saasanasabha eee charyaku maddatu ivvakapoyinappatiki, agentlaku sahayam cheyadaaniki sepeda oka adhikaarini niyaminchi, adhikarulu mariyu pourulu vaariki sahayam cheyalane prakatnanu icchaaru. pratinidhi brundam saantaa rosaku veltundagaa, general makenji aadhvaryamlo americanla brundam kikkaapuupai daadi chesindi, vaaru daadi chese lipan samuuham anie bhaavinchi, agentlu vachinappudu kikkaapuuni taralinchadaaniki angeekarinchaledu. 1874 saradrutuvulo, atkinson mariyu villiams chivaraku sumaru 300 mandhi mexican kikkapuu samuuhaanni punaravasam pondadaaniki oppinchagaligaaru.
oklahomaaku marpidi.
mexican kikkapoolanu bhaarata bhuubhaagaaniki, prastuta oklahoma raashtramlo kenadian nadhi uttara forkpy unna pradaesaaniki tolaginchi, saagu praarambhinchadaaniki vyavasaya parikaraalanu andinchaalsi undhi. sardubaatu kashtam mariyu 1883 natiki, vaaru aakraminchina bhoomulaku shaashwata hodha inca ivvabadaledu. 1883 augustu 15naa jaarii chesina karyanirvahaka uttarvu dwara, kikkapooki vaaru aakraminchina saak mariyu faaks reservation yokka nairuti muulaku sameepamlo unna bhoomulanu manjuru chesaaru, veetini 1866loe maskogi (creak) desham swatantrulu mariyu itarula punaravasam kosam appaginchindi. naalugu samvatsaraala taruvaata davace chattam aamodinchadamto oklahoma kikkaapuuki feezu saadhaarana titlenu pondadaaniki ottidi peragadam praarambhinchindi. 1891 juun 21naa tega tama reservationlaku badulugaa vaatini vadulukovadaaniki angeekarinchindi. 
prati girijanuniki 80 ekaraala ketayimpu. kikkaapuulu ketaayimpunu "teevramgaa vyatiraekimchaaru" mariyu 1894 varaku eee prakriyanu vyatiraekimchaaru. 283 kikkapuu enabhai ekaraala bhoomulanu andukundi, 184,133 migulu ekaraalanu bhaaratheeyulu kaani vaari sthaavaraala kosam vadilivesindi.
1895loe, kikkapuu chivaraku ketayinpuku angeekarinchina taruvaata, 1895 mae 23naa chivari oklahoma land runn jarigindi. 1895loe jarigina land runn oklahoma yokka aidu land ranlalo athi chinnadi, indulo sumaru 10,000 mandhi paalgonevaaru. pedda sankhyalo vivaadaaspada vaadanalu mariyu tvaralo vachhe samasyalatho oklahomaalo migilina rendu land openings laatareelu.
20va sataabdam.
bhaarata punarvyavastheekarana chattam.
1936loe, eee tega oklahoma indian welfare act kinda oklahoma kikkaapuu tegagaa vyavastheekarinchabadindi. 1937 septembaru 18naa vaaru 64 mandhi anukuulamgaa, 26 mandhi vyatiraekamgaa ootu veyadam dwara rajyangam, upa-chattalanu aamodinchaaru, idhi chairman, vais chairman, karyadarshi, koshadhikari, oka councillar karyalayalanu sthaapinchindi.
commission claim.
1946 augustu 13naa indian claims commission act off 1946, pub. ell. ledhu. 79-726, ch. 959, paas ayindi. uspy girijanulaku unna evaina bakai firyadulu ledhaa vaadanalanu saasvatamgaa parishkarinchadam dheeni uddesyam.ess. oppanda ullanghanalu, anadhikarikamga bhoomini swaadheenam chesukovadam, avamaanakaramaina ledhaa anyaayamaina lavadevilu ledhaa taginanta pariharam lekapovadam. daavaalu aidella vyavadhilo daakhalu cheyalsi vachindi, samarpinchina 370 firyadulalo ekkuva bhaagam 1951 augustulo 5 samvatsaraala gaduvunu cherukune samayaniki daakhalu cheyabaddaayi.
oklahomaaloni kikkaapuu tega claim commissionlo kaneesam 6 claimlanu daakhalu chesindi-konni vaari tarapuna, mariyu konni consasloni kikkaapuu tega ledhaa vaaru americatho ummadi oppandaalu kudurchukunna itara thegalatho kalipi. ess. prabhutvam. rendu atipedda puraskaralu 1854 oppandam mariyu 1866 oppandam nundi "asamanjasamaina pariseelana" (prabhutvam bhoomulanu appaginchadaaniki teevramgaa takkuva chellinchindi) kosam. 1972loe praja chattam 92-467 aamodinchadam dwara pampinhee aamodinchabadinappatiki, 1970la chivaralo appeellu pendinglo unnaayi, endukante texas viplavam samayamlo mexican kikaapuunu swaadheenam chesukovadaniki mariyu maarchadaaniki chesina kharchulaku oklahoma mariyu consas kikaapuulaku prabhutvam avaardu mottaalanu bharti chestondi. america prabhutvam konni mexican kikkapoolanu oklahomaaloni reservationku, taruvaata 1860luu mariyu 1870laloe consascu tirigi pampindi. 1980 varaku tudi pampinhee pranaalika aamodinchabadaledu.
mexican kikkaapuu upa samuuham sthaapinchabadindi.
1979loe dwandwa nivaasitulaina mexican kikaapuu vaaru united states ledhaa mexicolo tamaku spashtamaina chattaparamaina hodha lenanduna vaari sthithi gurinchi vivarana koraru. 1983loe congress oka chattanni aamodinchindi, idhi vaarini oklahomaaloni kikkaapuu tega yokka pratyaekamaina upa samuuhamgaa gurtinchindi mariyu texas kikkaapuuku samakhya gurtimpunu manjuru chesindi. 1985 chattam texas byaandku mexican ledhaa yuu enchukune avakaasaanni ichindi.ess. pourasatvam. 145 mandhi tribunal sabhyulu yuu kaavadaaniki enchukunnaaru.ess. pourulu mariyu migilina 500 mandhi ledhaa anthakante ekkuva mandhi mexican pourasatvam pondadaaniki enchukunnaaru.
mexican kikkaapuu mariyu oklahoma tega madhya paraspara charya balamgaa undhi. mexican kikkapoolu oklahomaaloni mccleodlooni girijana clinic yokka aarogya sevalanu upayogistaayi mariyu oklahoma kikkapoolu fibravarilo utsava seasonla kosam prayaaninchi meksikoku velataayi.
vidya.
consas girijana paatasaalalooni kikkaapuu tega kikkaapuu jaateeya paatasaala.
oklahoma looni kikkaapuu tega kikkaapuu community day cair sadupaayaanni mariyu asalu kikkaapuu tega reservation bhoomula sarihaddulalo nivasistunna namodu chesukunna sabhyulu mariyu sabhyulu kaanivaariki sevalu andinchadaaniki kikkaapuu nation head start prograamnu nirvahistundi.
pramukha girijana sabhyulu.
gregorio ii. columbia jillaalooni washingtonloni anubhavagnula vyavahaaraala kaaryadarsiki sthaanika american/alaskan sthaanika anusandhaanakarta kishketon.