netherlandslo mahaa maandyam

netherlandslo mahaa maandyam (sankshobha samvatsaraalu anie kooda pilustaaruh "dii kraisiszaren", "dii chrisistiged") 1933 mariyu 1936 madhya sambhavinchindi, idhi chaalaa itara deshaala kante gananeeyamgaa taruvaata sambhavinchindi. idhi idhi teevramaina aardhika sankshobham kaalam, idhi nedarlaandstoe sahaa prapanchavyaaptamgaa unna deshaalanu prabhaavitam chesindi.
united stateslo, 1929 naati wall streat crash mahaa maandyaaniki prarambhamga bhaavistaaru. conny netherlandslo maandyam marinta kramamga praarambhamaindi, 1929-1931 loe, aardhika vyavastha ekkuva kaalam kramamga ksheeninchindi. netherlandslo maandyam chaalaa deshaala kante gananeeyamgaa ekkuva kaalam konasaagindi, paakshikamgaa dutch aardhika vyavastha yokka nirmaana lakshanaalu mariyu paakshikamgaa prabhutva vidhanam kaaranamgaa. bangaaru pramaanaanni vadulukovadaaniki niraakarinchadam pradhana paatra poeshistumdi. mahaa maandyam raajakeeya asthirata mariyu allarlaku daariteesindi, mariyu netherlandslo jaateeya saamyavaada udyamam perugudalato mudipadi undavacchu. 1936 chivarilo netherlandslo maandyam taggindi, conny rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata varaku nijamaina aardhika sthirathvam tirigi raaledu.
mundumaata (1918-1929).
modati prapancha yuddhamlo tatasthata kaaranamgaa, netherlands itara european deshaalalo aardhika samasyalaku kaaranamaina yuddha nashtapariharam, yuddha nashtam mariyu janabha nashtam vanti samasyalanu edurkoledu. conny dutch aardhika vyavastha yokka antarjaateeya swabhaavam kaaranamgaa eee samasyalu netherlandslo kooda vaati parinaamaalanu kaligi unnaayi. mukhyamgaa, 1920la praarambhamlo netherlands pradhana vaanijya bhagaswamulalo okataina germanylo ashanti mariyu aardhika samasyalu nedarlaandsnu 1925 varaku varaku atyalpa sthaayiki cherukunna) teevramaina maandyamloki nettivesaayi.
1925 taruvaata, paakshikamgaa germanylo aardhika merugudalala kaaranamgaa, netherlandslo yuddhaanantara maandyam mugisindi mariyu desham tirigi bangaaru pramaanamloo cherindi. ayithe, germanylo balamaina vaanijya parimitula kaaranamgaa, eee merugudala parimitam cheyabadindi mariyu konni itara european deshaalu mariyu united states (garjinche iravailatoe sambandham kaligi) loe vale aardhika vruddhini kaliginchaledu.
eee swalpa aardhika merugudalalu unnappatikee, mahaa maandyaaniki mundu kaalamlo dutch aardhika vyavastha nirmaanaatmaka samasyalatho pooraadindi. modati prapancha yuddham taruvaata vaanijya parimitulu mariyu aardhika rakshanavaadam puurtigaa adrushyam kaaledu, mariyu yuddham taruvaata prapancha vaanijyam mallee punjukovadamlo viphalamaindi. dutch aardhika vyavastha chaalaa kaalamgaa antarjaateeya vaanijyam mariyu aardhika vyavasthapai aadharapadi undhi undhi gnplo 30 saatam egumati nundi vachindani anchanaa), mukhyamgaa pedda shipping rangam vaanijya avakaasaalu lekapovadamtho baadhapadindi. maroka samasya modati prapancha yuddham taruvaata adhika janana raetu mariyu kaarmika utpaadakata perugudala, antey demand perugudala saadhaarana sankshema perugudalaku ledhaa nirudyogam taggadaaniki kaaranam kaadu.
pedarikam mariyu maddatu.
1931 varaku aardhika sankshobham yokka saamaajika parinaamaalu parimitam cheyabaddaayi; pani gantalu mariyu vaetanaalanu tagginchadam dwara, chaalaa rangaalalo saamuuhika nirudyogam nivaarinchabadindi. ayithe, 1931 loe saamuuhika nirudyogam praarambhamaindi mariyu tama udyogaalanu konasaginchagala kaarmikulu tarachugaa gananeeyamaina vaetana kothalanu angeekarinchaalsi vachindi. 1930 mariyu 1932 madhya nirudyogam perugudala, 1936 chivari varaku sthiramaina perugudala unnatlu sthuula anchanaalu chuupistunnaayi. aardhika vyavasthalooni prati rangam samanamga badhapadaledu; shipping mariyu vaanijya rangaalu mukhyamgaa teevramgaa debbatinnappatiki, pogaaku parisrama vanti konni pratyeka rangaalu maandyam yokka modati dasalo saapekshamgaa haani lekunda manugada saaginchaayi.
maandyam praarambhamlo, upaadhi kaarmikulu ippatikee tama vaetana kothalu viniyoga vastuvula dharalo balamaina taggimputoe saripoladam chuusaaru. conny maandyam modati samvatsaraala taruvaata vaaru kooda nijamaina aadaayam taggadamtho baadhapaddaaru.
nirudyogula sankhya peragadamtho paristhiti marinta digajaarindi. 1930la varaku, dutch samaajaaniki saamuuhika nirudyogaanni edurkovadaniki avasaramaina anubhavam mariyu moulika sadupayalu laevu. samaajamlooni chaalaa praantaallo, nirudyogulanu annintikante ekkuvagaa udyogam vetakadaaniki prerepinchaalani bhaavinchaaru, kabatti jeevanaadhaara sthaayilo aadaaya maddatu matrame ivvali. pedda sankhyalo prajalaku udyogam dorakadam ippudu asadhyamga marinappatiki, nirudyogula patla saamaajika manobhaavaalu nemmadigaa marai.
kaarmika sanghaalu kottagaa nirudyoga kaarmikulaku taatkaalika aadaaya maddatu kosam nidhulu kaligi unnaayi, dheeniki prabhutvam kontha subsidini jodinchindi. anduvalla union sabhyulu parimita kaalam varaku nijamaina paedarikaanni vadilinchukunnaaru. ayithe, maandyam yokka taruvaati dasalalo, eee union nidhulu ksheeninchaayi, prabhutvam kooda daani subsidini tagginchindi, unionlu kaala vyavadhi mariyu maddatu mottaanni kramamga tagginchavalasi vachindi. union maddatu kaalam mugisina union kaani kaarmikulu mariyu kaarmikulu prabhutva pedarika nidhiki aadharapaddaru, idhi vaariki jeevanaadhaara sthaayi varaku maddatu ichindi. eee kaneesa aadaaya maddatu bhaarii saamaajika kalamkamtho vachindi, idhi samakaaleena samajam yokka viluvalanu pratibimbistumdi. maddatu graheetalu rojuki rendusaarlu prabhutva agency vadda nivedinchaalsi vachindi, nirudyogula antuleni varusalo vechi undatam niraasaku chihnamgaa maarindi. prabhutva inspectorlanu intlone sandarsinchi vaari rojuvaaree jeevitaanni parisoedhinchadaaniki kooda vaaru anumatinchavalasi vachindi, idhi nirudyogulalo twaragaa teevramgaa dveshinche aacharamgaa maarindi.
saamaajika kalankam kooda erupu rangu subsidy dustulu mariyu oka vyakti saikil pannu nundi minahayinchabaddadane baadhaakaramaina sanketam (saikil meeda ledhaa okari dustulapai dharinchadam) vanti spashtamgaa gurtinchadagina sankethaala roopaanni teesukundi.
prabhutva sahayam koratato paatu, paedalaku maddatugaa private karyakramalu kooda undevi. eee samsthalalo atyanta mukhyamainadi cheyabadindi yuvarani juliana sthaapinchina "national crisis kamitee" (national crisis kamitee). conny eee samstha yokka parimita sthaayi kaaranamgaa, idhi paristhitini nirmanatmakamga meruguparachalekapoyindi.
saamaajika ashanti.
chaalaa itara deshaala maadirigaane, grate depression samayamlo netherlands gananeeyamaina saamaajika asaantini edurkondi. conny aneka aakattukune sanghatanalu minaha, eee ashanti vaastavaaniki chaalaa parimita sthaayiloonae undhi.
udaaharanaku, kaarmika sammela ganaamkaalu, 1925 nundi 1930 varaku aardhika sthirathvam unna munupati samvatsaraalato poliste netherlandslo 1931-1937 kaalamlo sammelu vaastavaaniki takkuvagaa undevani chuupistunnaayi. netherlandslo mahaa maandyam teevra sthaayiki cherukunnappudu, sammela sankhya takkuvagaa undedi. maroe vidhamaina nirasana adde samme, bhuuswaamiki adde chellinchadaaniki kouludaaru niraakarinchadam. eee rakamaina nirasana kooda chaalaa parimita sthaayiloonae undhi, kontavaraku kathinamaina prabhutva jokyam kaaranamgaa.
raayal netherlands naavikaadalaaniki chendina saayudha ooda ayina ayina naavikula daadi ledhaa tirugubaatu marinta aakattukundi. united kingdamlo munupatilage (invergordon tirugubaatu), naavikulu tama vaetanaala kothanu nirasinchaaru. dutch sainyam oodapai bambu daadi chesi, 22 mandhi naavikulanu champi, migilina sibbandini longipovalsi vachinappudu tirugubaatu mugisindi. mugisindi jordanoproyer anie piluvabade maroe aakattukune sanghatana jarigindi. ippatike takkuva prabhutva nirudyoga maddatu taggadam netherlandsloni aneka nagarallo nirasana mariyu allarlaku daariteesindi, atyanta balamgaa amsterdam yokka jordan parisaraallo. juulai 4 mariyu juulai 9 madhya jarigina allarlu, aaa taruvaata pooliisulu, sainika pooliisula kathinamaina jokyam aruguru praanaalanu baligondi, dozenla koddi gayapaddayi.
mahaa maandyam yokka tirugubaatunu genophobia perugudala mariyu parimitamainappatiki, jaateeya saamyavaada udyamam (nsb) vijayamtho kooda mudipettavacchu. cheyabadindi sthaapinchabadina nsb maandyam samayamlo kontha prajaadarana pondindi, tecchipettindi daani sabhyatvam paramgaa garishta maddatu labhinchindi. 1937 tarvaata maandyam yokka balam tagginappudu, nsbki maddatu mallee padipoyindi.
prabhutva vidhanam.
netherlandsloni mahaa maandyam mariyu chaalaa itara prabhaavita deshaalalo paristhitula madhya mukhyamaina vyatyaasam prabhutva paatra. 1930la chivari varaku 1933 nundi 1939 varaku viplava vyatiraeka raajaneetignudu hendrick collin netrutvamloni dutch prabhutvaanni jokyam kaani mariyu balamaina antarjaateeyavaadulugaa varninchavachhu. daani aardhika vidhanam pradhanamgaa prabhutva vyayam mariyu aadaayam kosam samatulya budgetnu unchadampai drushti pettindi. eee prabhutva vidhanam samakaaleena european mariyu american prabhutvaalaku vilakshanamainadi ayinappatikee, maandyam chivari dasala varaku netherlandslo idhi pratyaekamgaa khachitamgaa vartinchabadindi.
maandyam modati samvatsaraallo prabhutva vidhanam aardhika vyavasthalo atyanta ekkuvagaa prabhaavitamaina rangaalaku maddatu ivvadaaniki parimitam cheyabadindi. cheyabadindi godhuma chattam jaarii cheyabadindi (dutch "tarvet"), idhi videshee godhuma digumatidaarulanu ibbandikaramaina dutch vyavasayanni prothsahinchadaaniki, ammakaniki mundu marinta khareedaina dutch godhumalanu jodinchamani balavantam chesindi. 1932 nundi vyavasaya mariyu naukayana rangaalaku marinta subsidy ivvadaaniki mariyu digumati, egumati mariyu muuladhana pravahalapai prabhutva niyantrananu kolichenduku veelugaa varusa "sankshobha chattalu" jaarii cheyabaddaayi. 1934 nundi dutch prabhutvam nirudyogulaku raayitheetho kuudina pani pradaesaalanu andinchadaaniki kaarmika nidhi (dutch workfands) thoo kooda prayogaalu chesindi, tarachugaa pedda ettuna praja panulapai (united stateslo kotta oppandamtho polchavachhu).
ayithe eee prabhutva jokyala sthaayi paristhitini nijamgaa maarchadaaniki chaalaa takkuvagaa undhi.
aardhika vyavasthapai prabhutva jokyam chaalaa parimitamgaa unnappatikee, dutch prabhutvam thana kharchulanu (paedalu mariyu nirudyogulaku aadaaya sahayamtho sahaa) tagginchindi mariyu thana budgetnu samatulyamgaa unchadaaniki pannulanu penchindi. dheeni prabhavam emitante pedarikam periginappatikee, paedalaku prabhutva maddatu taggindi. atuvanti prabhutva vidhananni aaa samayamlo inca baalyamlone unna keynesian school off economics teevramgaa vimarsinchindi. aardhika maandyam samayamlo prabhutva mariyu private viniyogaanni prothsahinchadamlo prabhutvaalu churukaina paatra pooshinchaalani keynesianism nokki chebutundi, kabatti samatulya prabhutva budget deerghakaalamlo matrame lakshyamgaa undaali.
dutch prabhutvam kooda thana vaanijya vidhaanamlo jokyam chesukovadaniki chaalaa vimukhamgaa undhi. chaalaa paarisraamika deshaalu mahaa maandyam prarambha dasallone tama vaanijya aankshalanu balamgaa penchinappatikee, dutch prabhutvam aardhika sankshobhaanni parishkarinchadaaniki antarjaateeya sahakaram kosam aasinchindi. 1933 prapancha aardhika samavesam viphalamaina taruvaata, deshaalu tama aardhika samasyalanu swayamgaa parishkarinchukovalani spashtam ayinappudu, netherlands thana vaanijya addamkulanu marinta gananeeyamaina sthaayiki penchindi. conny mundu vivarinchinatlugaa netherlands ippatikee bangaaru pramaanaanni vadulukovadaaniki ishtapadaledu, badulugaa bangaaru pramaanaanni konasaaginchadaaniki chivari european deshaala madhya oka oppandamlo cherindi. idhi dutch aardhika vyavasthaku teevramaina videshee pooteeki gurichesindi, eee paristhitini thattukodaaniki dutch samsthalu tama kharchulanu gattiga tagginchukovalasi vachindi. eee prakriyaloo vaetanaalu mariyu upaadhi tagginchabaddaayi, mariyu maandyam marinta teevramaindi. chaalaa paarisraamika deshaalalo aardhika paristhiti kramamga merugupadinappatiki, netherlandslo mahaa maandyam inca adhvaannamgaa undindi.
kramamga kolukovadam.
chaalaa itara prabhaavita deshaala maadirigaane, netherlandslo mahaa maandyam kramamga mugisindi, conny netherlandslo, desham bangaaru pramaanaanni vidichipettina 1936 kii mundu punaruddharana prarambham kaaledu.
bangaaru pramaanaala patanam.
1933 natiki, konni european rashtraalu matrame ippatikee bangaaru pramaanamtho migilipoyayi, itarulatoe paatu united kingdom mariyu united states dheenini vidichipettayi. goaled block" gaa antarjaateeya charchalalo sahakarinchadam dwara mariyu tamalo taamu vaanijya parimitulanu tagginchukovadam dwara eee rashtraalu currency viluva taggimpunu angeekarinchakundaa kathinamaina videshee pootiini thattukogaligenduku prayatninchaayi. ayithe, antargata vaanijyam vaari samasyalanu parishkarinchadamlo viphalamaindi, 1935 natiki france, switzerland mariyu netherlands matrame eee bangaaru kootamilo migilipoyayi. tecchipettindi france chivaraku viluva taggimpunu angeekarinchaalani nirnayinchukunnappudu, netherlands anusarinchadam tappa vaerae maargam ledhu. netherlands bangaaru pramaanaanni tagginchadaaniki chaalaa vimukhamgaa unnappatikee, idhi samvatsaraala tarabadi ksheenata tarvaata twaragaa aardhika prothsaahaanni tecchipettindi. tecchipettindi dutch stock market mallee peragadam praarambhinchindi, vaanijyam nemmadigaa kolukundi mariyu nirudyogam peragadam aagipoyindi. chivaraku desham ippudu thana aneka vaanijya bhaagaswaamulaku konasagutunna aardhika punaruddharana nundi labham pondagaladu.
rendava prapancha yuddhaaniki upodghaatam.
upodghaatam united states daani 1937-38 maandyaanni edurkonnappudu netherlandslo aardhika punaruddharana yokka swalpa kaalam mallee stabdamaindi. germany yokka perugutunna dookudu pravartana valla perugutunna raajakeeya udriktatalu, anischitini kaliginchadam mariyu european aardhika vyavasthala nundi muuladhanaanni upasamharinchukovadam stabdataku maroka kaaranam. adhe samayamlo rendava prapancha yuddham yokka peetikalo european deshaalu tamanu taamu tirigi aayudhalu chesukovadam praarambhinchinanduna maandyam yokka prabhavalu takkuvagaa kanipinchaayi. netherlands saapekshamgaa aalasyamgaa daani punarvyavastheekarananu praarambhinchindi mariyu daani aayudhalalo ekkuva bhaganni digumati chesukundi, conny 1938 natiki yuddhaaniki mundu sannaahaala valla erpadina krutrima aardhika punaruddharana kooda netherlandspy daani prabhavalanu choopindi.
1939 natiki, pedda sankhyalo gatamlo nirudyogulanu sainyamlo chaerchaaru, ayithe perugutunna rakshana vyayam (1936 mariyu 1939 madhya budget moodu retlu perigindi) aardhika vyavasthalooni aneka rangaalanu krutrimamgaa punaruddharinchindi. rendava prapancha yuddhaaniki sarigga mundu jarigina oka sanghatana, idhi intaku mundhe jarigi unte, chaalaa prabhaavavantamgaa undedi. hendrick collin netrutvamloni mantrivargam taruvaata dii geer mantrivargam erpadindi, indulo charitralo modatisaarigaa soshal democratic workers party (sdap) kii chendina iddaru sabhyulu unnaaru. kotta mantrivargam chivaraku maandyaanni antam cheyadaaniki praja panulalo pedda mottamlo dabbunu pettubadi pettadaniki oka pratishtaatmaka vyuuhaanni pratipaadinchindi. conny eee kotta vidhananni puurtigaa amalu cheyadaaniki mundhe netherlands rendava prapancha yuddhamloki laagabadindi. 1940 mae 10naa germany netherlands meeda daadi chesi, dutch aardhika vyavastha yuddha aardhika vyavasthagaa maarindi.

