
ammakapu sandeshaalu (scots chattam)

scatland aasti chattamlo, ammakapu sandeshaalu anevi rendu paarteela madhya adhikaarika lekhala shreni, konugoludaaru mariyu vikreta, scatlandlo bhouthika vaarasatva aasti (bhoomi) badilee kosam ammakapu oppandaanni kaligi untaayi. eee aartikalloni 'bhoomi' anae padaaniki bhoomipai bhavanalu mariyu itara nirmaanaalu unnaayi.
scatland laa society mariyu property standardisation group websitelalo chuudataaniki udaaharanalu andubaatulo unnaayi.
scatlandlo bhoomi yajamanyanni chellubaatu ayye badilee cheyadaaniki avasaramaina moodu dasallo modatidi ammakapu sandeshaalu. moodu dasaluh
oppandam mariyu ravana dasala suutraalu.
saampradaaya nyaya vyavastha.
oppanda dasha ledhaa "ammakam yokka sandeshaalu" baadhyatala chattam (scottish contract chattam) prakaram amalu cheyadagina "vyaktigata baadhyatalu" (mariyu vaati sambandhita "vyaktigata hakkulu") matrame srushtistaayi. eee baadhyatalu saadhaaranamgaa itara vishayaalatoe paatu, yajamanyanni badilee chese swabhaavaanni manjuru cheyalsina vikretapai baadhyata mariyu konugolu dharanu chellinchaalsina konugoludaaru baadhyata mariyu manjuru chesina swabhaavaanni pampinhee cheyalsina konugoludaaru baadhyata.
oka oppandam krinda unna baadhyatalu vyaktigata hakkulu, "vyaktigata hakkulu", kabatti oppandam okkate yajamanyam yokka nijamaina hakkunu srushtinchadu ledhaa badilee cheyadu. endukante scots chattam "tradishibus naan nudis pactis dominia reeram transferter" anae suutraanni anusaristundihi yajamanyam pampinhee dwara (ledhaa itara ravana dwara) badilee cheyabadutundi, kevalam oppandam dwara kaadu.
nairoopya nyaya vyavastha.
oka pratyeka chattaparamaina chattam vale "ravana" matrame paarteela madhya oppandam prakaram angeekarinchina badileeni prabhaavitam chestundi. saampradaayaka" vyavasthagaa undadamtho paatu, scots chattam 'sangraham' suutraanni kooda upayogistundi, antey ravana badilee yokka "kaaranam" paie aadharapadi untundi.
scots chattamlo bhoomi badileeki gurtinchabadina kaaranaalu
ravana yokka chellubaatu (aasti badilee) badilee kaaranam yokka chellubaatupai aadharapadi undadu, wiscount metla vivarinchinatlugaah "memu raddu chese panula yokka suukshmatanu anusarinchamu, endukante avi" saine kaza "... anduvalla vaikhari yokka kaaranaanni vyaktam chese kathanaalu ennadoo vichaarinchabadavu, endukante, kaaranam laenappatikee, vaikhari manchidi.anduvalla, ravana dasato paatu oppandam erpaatu avasaram kavadam dwara scatland ingland & wales vanti saadhaarana-chatta adhikara paridhula nundi bhinnamgaa untundi. oppandamtho sambandham lekunda ravana chellubaatu ayyedi ayinappatikee, oppandam yokka chellani kaaranaalu kooda ravana "vitium real" gaa chellanidigaa vistarinchavacchu. mosam ledhaa vikreta saamarthyam laeni konni sandarbhaallo idhi talettavachhu.
bhoomi swachchanda badilee modati dasah ammakam yokka sandeshaalu.
paina vivarinchina vidhamgaa bhoomini swachchandamgaa badilee chese modati dasha saadhaaranamgaa oppanda swabhaavam kaligi untundi, ikkada yajamaanulu (vikreta) mariyu konugoludaaru madhya adhikaarika ammakapu oppandaanni paarteelu charchistaayi. scots chattamlo, eee oppandaanni "ammakapu sandeshaalu" anie pilustaaru mariyu saadhaaranamgaa prati paksham andinche pratipaadanalu mariyu arhatalatho kuudina adhikaarika lekhala shreni (yea paksham ayina paatinchaalsina sharatulanu kaligi untundi). bhouthika vaarasatva aastitoe, daani aasti upayogam yokka swabhaavam ammakam yokka sandeshaalapai pratibimbistumdi, mukhyamgaa aasti nivaasa ledhaa vaanijya aasti ayinappudu.
vraatapuurvaka oppandam yokka avasaralu.
raata (scatland) chattam 1995 prakaram, bhoomipai nijamaina hakku badilee, vaividhyam ledhaa antarinchipovadam kosam oka oppandaanni roopondinchadaaniki vraatapuurvaka patram avasaram. yajamanyam nijamaina hakku kabatti, vraatapuurvaka oppandam avasaram. oke patraanni roopondinche saadhaarana oppandaala maadirigaa kakunda, oppandam bahula aksharaalalo, "sandeshaalu" gaa roopondinchabadindi."ammakam yokka sandeshaalanu chellubaatu ayye vraatapuurvaka oppandamgaa pariganinchavacchu endukante konugoludaaru oka patramlo pratipaadana chesadu mariyu vikreta maroka patramlo angeekarinchaadu.
oka vyakti vaarasatva aasti ammakaniki sambandhinchi moukhikamgaa ledhaa maray itara maargaala dwara oppandam kudurchukoledu, granter chandha icchina rachanala dwara kakunda (i.ii.: ammakapu patraalalo vikreta) ledhaa 1995 chattam yokka section 9bii kii anugunamgaa electronic patraala vadakam dwara.
electronic patraalu.
oka oppandam electronic patraala dwara erpade saamarthyam kaligi untundi, udaaharanaku ii-mail dwara, avi raiting (scatland) chattam 1995 yokka avasaralu yokka ess. 9bii kinda chellubaatu ayye vidhamgaa amalu cheyabadithe. eee electronic patraanni pampe paksham dhruveekarinchaali (antey.ii.: konugoludaaru/vikreta) mariyu scottish prabhutvam yokka chattaparamaina paeru ayina scottish mantrulu chesina evaina avasaralanu teerchandi. dhruveekarinchabadina ardham "rachana yokka avasaralu (scatland) chattam 1995 vibhagam 9bii
(2) oka vyakti yokka electronic santakam unte oka electronic patram oka vyaktichae dhruveekarinchabadutundi -
(eah) electronic patramlo cherchabadi, ledhaa taarkikamgaa anubandhinchabadi,
(bii) adhi srushtinchabadindani bhaavinche vyaktichae srushtinchabadindi, mariyu
(sii) atuvanti rakaniki chendinadi, mariyu nibandanalalo scottish mantrulu suuchimchina avasaralanu (evaina unte) santruptiparustundi."scottish prabhutvam electronic documentla (scatland) nibandhanalu 2014 (ssi 2014/83) kinda electronic documentla kosam nibandhanalanu pravesapettindi. 2014 nibandhanala prakaram, "adhunaatana electronic santakam" matrame electronic santakam cheyagaladu, dheeniki "adhunaatana saanketikata" avasaram mariyu electronic santakam nibandhanalu 2002kii anugunamgaa undaali. skaatlaandlooni nyaayavaadulu vaari laa society off scatland smart card dwara adhunaatana electronic santakam saanketikataku praapyata kaligi untaaru, kabatti vaari client tarapuna eee patraalanu amalu cheyavachu.
ammakam yokka sandeshaala erpaatu.
scots chattamlo, oka paksham nundi vacchina pratipaadananu maroka paksham aamodinchinappudu oka oppandam srushtinchabadutundi (konnisaarlu 'pratipaadana + angeekaaram = oppandam' gaa roopondinchabadindi). ayithe, paina charchinchinatlugaa, eee oppandam vraatapuurvakamgaa cheyali, indulo raiting (scatland) chattam 1995 yokka avasaraala prakaram yajamanya badilee untundi.
sharatulatho kuudina aafarlu.
konugoludaaru tarachugaa thana pratipaadanalo neraverchaalsina sharatulanu sandeshaalalo chaerchutaaru. nivaasa aastilo, idhi saadhaaranamgaa scottish praamaanika nibandhanalanu (krinda chudandi) pratipaadanalo cherchadam dwara jarugutundi, indulo aastipai nivedikalanu chudatam ledhaa edainaa kadile aastini (tella vastuvulu vantivi) cherchadam vanti sharatulu untaayi. atuvanti sharatulu "suspension" kaavacchu, idhi sharatulanu paatinche varaku chattabaddhamgaa kattubadi unde oppandaanni srushtinchadaanni nirodhistundi.
arhatagala angeekaaram.
aasti vikreta konugoludaaru yokka konugolu pratipaadananu "dii plano" angeekaaramgaa angeekarinchavacchu. ayithe, tadupari sharatulu vidhinchadam dwara angeekaaraaniki "arhata" pondadam saadhaaranamgaa saadhaarana paddhati. vikreta arhata kaligina angeekaaram chesinappudu, scott chattam dheenini kotta pratipaadanagaa pariganistundi, "vikrayinchadaaniki pratipaadana", konugoludaaru appudu "dii planonu" angeekarinchaali ledhaa tadupari ledhaa savarinchina sharatulatho kotta "konugolu cheyadaaniki pratipaadana" jaarii cheyali; konugolu cheyadaaniki pratipaadana arhatagala angeekaaram ledhaa vikrayinchadaaniki pratipaadana dwara samarthavantamgaa 'naasanam' cheyabadutundi mariyu vikretache aadhaarapadadu. idhi rendu paarteela madhya konugolu cheyadaaniki vikrayinchadaaniki/aafarla shreni yokka 'ping pang' prabhavanni srushtistundi, dheenini messives anie kooda pilustaaru, oka paksham maroka paksham yokka aafarnu angeekarinche varaku adhikarikamga angeekarinchabadina oppandam ledhu."tudi pratipaadana mariyu" "dii plano" "angeekaara lekhalu scots chattamlo ammakapu oppandaanni yerparustaayi, anduvalla oppandaanni sandeshaalu (i".ii.: ammakaniki lekhalu)."
kaala parimitulu.
gaduvu gurtinchadaaniki itara paksham kosam padaalu spashtamgaa upayoginchinappudu, angeekaaram kosam samaya parimitulatoe konugolu/arhata kaligina angeekaaraaniki pratipaadanaku arhata saadhinchadam saadhyamavutundi. ayithe, kaalaparimitilo chesina kotta counter-offer arhatagala angeekaara kaalaparimitini 'naasanam chestundi'. kaalaparimiti laeni chota, pratipaadana ledhaa counter-offer sahetukamaina samayam gadichina tarvaata aamodam kosam aagipotundi.
tapala niyamam.
dii planonu" vikrayinchadaaniki/konugolu cheyadaaniki itara paarteela pratipaadananu oka party angeekarinchinappudu, daanini post chesina kshanam nundi ledhaa document exchange kuu tirigi pondaleni vidhamgaa (dx vantivi) pampina kshanam nundi binding oppandaanni srushtinchadam prabhaavavantamgaa untundi, adhi itara party sweekarinchinappudu kaadu. scots chattamlo postal acceptains ruul anie piluvabade siddhaantam yokka anuvartanam dheeniki kaaranam.
tapala angeekaara niyamanni raddu cheyadam.
scottish laa commission 2018loe oka nivedikanu prachurinchindi ("contract laa sameekshapai nivedikah erpaatu, vivarana, ullanghanaku parishkaralu, mariyu jarimana klaajulu, slc report 252)" postal angeekaara niyamanni raddu cheyaalani mariyu daani sthaanamlo kotta chattabaddhamaina palananu sifaarsu chestu, scottish laa commission websitelo daani musaida roopamlo chuudataaniki andubaatulo undhi. eee nivedikato paatu eee musaida billunu scottish paarlamentulo pravesapettaalaa vadda anedi raase samayaniki chuudaali.
konugolu/vikrayinchadaaniki aafarnu upasamharinchukondi.
raiting (scatland) chattam 1995 prakaram adhikaarika rachana dwara pratipaadananu ledhaa arhatagala aamodaanni upasamharinchukovalasina avasaram ledhu.
eee arhatalanu maroka paksham sweekarinchina tarvaata oka party pratipaadanaku tama sonta arhatalanu upasamharinchukovadam, aapai chellubaatu ayye oppandaanni roopondinche prayatnamlo maroka paksham pratipaadanaku kotta "dii plano" aamodaanni pampadam scott chattamlo saadhyam kaadu, idhi intaku mundu muginchabadaledu.
macmillan vii caldwell" loe, lard kirkwood, okasari oka paksham taanu ikapai oppandaaniki siddhamgaa laenatlu suuchimchina tarvaata, itara paksham ippatike unna pratipaadananu "dii planonu" angeekarinchadam dwara oppandaanni srushtinchalemani paerkonnaadu. edemaina, edainaa chellubaatu ayye aamodam "dii plano" cheyadaaniki mundu pratipaadananu upasamharinchukune sakalamlo notice itara party agentku teliyajeyabadindani niroopinchadaaniki pratipaadana chesina partypai baadhyata untundi.
puurva communicationla niyamam mariyu upavaakyaalu.
saadhaarana chattam prakaram, "winston vii patrick" nuu anusarinchi, oka vaikhari yokka pampinhee anedi anushangika swabhaavam unnappatikee, oppandamlooni edainaa vyaktigata baadhyatalanu adhigamistundi. contract (scatland) chattam 1997 eee saadhaarana chatta niyamanni maarchindi, tadwara sandeshaalu ikapai vaikhari dwara bharti cheyabadavu. ayithe, chaalaa mandhi convencerlu ippatikee ammakapu sandeshaalalo 2 samvatsaraala supersation nibandhananu upayoginchadam dwara prescription und limitation (scatland) chattam 1973 kinda pratikuula prescription dwara kakunda 2 samvatsaraala tarvaata oppanda baadhyatalu mugisela chusukuntaru. eee nibandhana yokka upayogam oppandam prakaram konugoludaaru mariyu vikreta baadhyatalaku vartistundani gamaninchadam mukhyam.
nivaasa aasti.
nivaasa aasti vishayamlo, vikreta solicitor samstha yokka estate agent dwara aastini marketlo vikrayinchadaaniki unchutaaru.
home report.
nivaasa aasti yokka swabhaavaanni batti, vikreta saadhaaranamgaa aastini marketlo unchetappudu inti nivedikanu (prasnaapatram mariyu survey nivedikato sahaa) pondaali, veetini minahayinchi
nivaasa aasti lavadevilalo sandeshaalu prakriya.
vikreta marketlo sthira dharaku aastini pracharam cheyavachu ledhaa blind-bidding vyavasthanu upayoginchavacchu, dheeni dwara aneka mandhi offer chesevaaru marokaru offer chesina konugolu dhara gurinchi teliyakundaane okarikokaru vyatiraekamgaa nissabdamgaa vaelam veyavachu.
offer chesevaaru, vaaru aastini konugolu cheyalanukunte, nivaasa aastini konugolu cheyadaaniki vikreta agentlaku vaari nyaayavaadi dwara adhikaarika vraatapuurvaka pratipaadananu samarpistaaru. konugoludaaru aastipai nivedikalanu chudatam ledhaa edainaa kadile aastini (tella vastuvulu vantivi) aasti ammakamlo cherchadam vanti velampata dhara mariyu vikreta paatinchaalsina evaina sharatulanu eee pratipaadana vivaristundi. vaarasatvamgaa labhinche aastiki angeekarinchina kadile aasti matrame badileeloo svayamchaalakamgaa cherchabadutundi.
vikreta "mugimpu thedhee" thoo, vikreta aafarlu andukovadam aapaalani nirnayinchukune teedeeni unchutundi. aaa tarvaata vikreta kaboye konugoludaarulu chesina aafarlanu sameekshinchi, ishtapade konugoludaaruni enchukuni, eee ishtapade konugoludaaru pratipaadanaku pratispandistaadu.
angeekaaram anie piluvabade eee pratispandana, "simple" ledhaa "dii plano angeekaaram" anie piluvabade pratipaadananu puurtigaa angeekarinchavacchu, phalitamgaa scots chattamlo paarteela madhya kattubadi unde oppandam erpadutundi. ayithe, prarambha dasalo ammakaniki kattubadi unde sandeshaalanu srushtinchakundaa undataaniki vikreta yokka prarambha pratispandana "arhatagala angeekaaram" gaa undatam saadhaaranam. irupakshaala nibandhanalaku puurtigaa "dii plano" angeekaaram lekunda, kattubadi unde oppandam ledhu.
kottagaa nirminchina gruhaalalo sandeshaalu.
kottagaa nirminchina gruhaalalo vikrayadaarudu jaarii chesina praamaanika-roopam offer kinda builder saadhaaranamgaa nirneeta dharaku vikrayalanu andistaaru. offer yokka nibandhanalu mariyu sharatulu berasaaraalu kaniviga untaayi mariyu konugoludaaru patrampai santakam chese mundu chattaparamaina salahanu pondaali, endukante idhi scatlandlo chattabaddhamgaa amalu cheyagala oppandaaniki "dii plano" aamodam phalitamgaa vastundi.
scottish praamaanika upavaakyaalu.
konugolu cheyadaaniki ammakam/aafarla yokka vyaktigata swabhaavam kaaranamgaa, ekkuvagaa nivaasa aastula vivikta swabhaavaala kaaranamgaa, nivaasa aastilo sandeshaala vyavastha sanklishtataku guraindi. kalakramena, sandeshaala dasanu saralikrutam chese prayatnamlo praamaanika sailulu (templatelu) praantaalalo mariyu sheriefdamlalo upayoginchabaddaayi. scatland yokka property kamitee yokka laa society eee panini nirminchindi, idhi scottish praamaanika upavaakyaalu prachuranatho mugisindi.
scatland website yokka laa societylo prajala maargadarshakatvamto paatu aanlainlo chuudataaniki ivi andubaatulo unnaayi. 2014 december loe iteevala puurtayinappatikii, 2015 janavari 5naa upayogam praarambhamainappatiki, nedu, scottish praamaanika upavaakyaalu samarthavantamgaa "jaateeya ammakapu sharatulu" gaa marai.
scottish praamaanika upavaakyaalu skaatlaandlooni nyaayavaadulandarikii prakriyanu saralikrutam cheyadaaniki vikraya sandeshaalalo chaerchadaaniki council mariyu session pustakaalalo oka praja patramgaa namodu cheyabaddaayi. ayithe, aasti ammakam yokka sandeshaalalo tama sonta musaayidaanu upayoginchakundaa nyaayavaadini nirodhinchadaaniki aemee ledhu.
vaanijya aasti ammakaala sandeshaalu.
vaanijya aasti lavadevilalo bhoomini vaanijya aastigaa upayoginche mundu pranaalika chattam prakaram pranaalika anumatulu mariyu itara chattaparamaina avasaralu undavacchu. anduvalla, vaanijya aasti yokka sandeshaalu aneka sharatulu mariyu sanklishtamaina nibandhanalanu kaligi undavacchu, idhi pedda mottamlo oppanda charchalaku daariteestundi.
scatlandlo vaanijya vaarasatva aasti lavadevila kosam saadhaarana angeekarinchina sailulanu (templatelu) utpatti chese ummadi prayatnamlo 2001loe naalugu nyaya samsthalu, cms (gatamlo dundas & willson anie pilicheevaaru), dentons (gatamlo maclay murre & spens anie pilicheevaaru), pincent massons (gatamlo mcgregors anie pilicheevaaru), mariyu sheppered mariyu wedderburn, aasti praamaaneekarana samuuhaanni erpaatu chesaaru. eee templatelu property standardisation group websitelo chuudataaniki andubaatulo unnaayi.
vaanijya lavadevilu saadhaaranamgaa paarteela agentla madhya musaida oppandaanni panchukovadam dwara nirvahinchabadataayi, ippudu saadhaaranamgaa surakshita cloude softwarelo aanlainlo nirvahinchabadataayi, ikkada rendu paarteela agentlu patraanni savarinchavachhu ledhaa agentla madhya musaida patraala ii-mail marpidi dwara, musaida ammakapu patraala oppandam varaku cheyavachu. paarteelu ledhaa vaari adheekruta agentlu, appudu vraata (scatland) chattam 1995 yokka avasaralaku anugunamgaa oppandaaniki paarteelanu adhikarikamga santakam chesi bandhinchavachhu.
vaelamloe vikrayinchina aasti (public roop).
vaarasatvamgaa labhinche aastini kooda vaelamloe vikrayinchavacchu, dheenini scots chattamlo "roop" anie pilustaaru. vaelampaataku mundu velampaatadaarulaku pradarsinchabade praamaanika oppandaanni vikreta siddham chestaadu. roup vadda gelichina velampaatadaarudu, mundugaa siddham chesina oppandaaniki kattubadi undataaniki "chattam mariyu praadhaanyata yokka nimisham" paie santakam chesi konugoludaaru avtadu.
sandeshaala mugimpu.
paarteela oppanda charchalu mugisina tarvaata, oka oppandam chellubaatu ayye vidhamgaa srushtinchabadutundi, ikkada, paina charchinchinatlugaa, oka party maroka party pratipaadanaku saralamaina aamodam istundi, idhi chesina munupati arhatagala aamodaalu/pratipaadanala sharatulaku aamodaanni kaligi untundi. eee amsaanni "sandeshaala mugimpu" anie pilustaaru mariyu bhoomini swachchandamgaa badilee chese oppanda dasaku mugustundi.
chattabaddhamgaa kattubadi unde oppandaanni roopondinche mundu prati paksham chepattaalsina tagina shraddhagala prakriya kaaranamgaa sandeshaala mugimpu saadhaaranamgaa jaragadaniki konni vaaralu padutundi. ayithe, patraalu mugisinappudu matrame oppanda chattam kinda paarteelu vyaktigata hakkunu pondutaayi;ii.: appati varaku etuvanti oppandam ledhu. sandeshaalu mugisina taruvaata, konugoludaarudu vikretaku vyatiraekamgaa vyaktigata hakkunu matrame kaligi untaadu, nijamaina hakku kaadu (rimlo hakku).
ayithe, paarteelu ravana dasaku vellavacchu. mugimpu taruvaata, amalu cheyagala oppandamgaa, rendu paarteela vraatapuurvaka vidudala dwara matrame sandeshaalanu raddu cheyavachu. kotta oppandamloki pravesinchadaaniki prastuta sandeshaalanu vidudala cheyadaaniki badulugaa paarteelu savarinchaalanukunte, vaaru chatta samskarana (vividha nibandhanalu) (scatland) chattam 1985 section 8 kinda diddubaatu uttarvu kosam sherief kortu ledhaa session kortuku darakhaastu chesukovacchu.
ammakapu sandeshaala shreni.
puurti mariyu sampuurnamaina yuddhamu (warranty anie piluvabade itara adhikara paridhulalo) ammakam yokka sandeshaalalo chattam dwara suuchimchabadutumdi. dheeni ardham vikreta haamii istaadu (i.ii.haameelu) krindi naalugu vaaranteelu
aacharanalo, eee vaaranteelu tarachugaa spashtamgaa manjuru cheyabadataayi, ivi maarutuu untaayi ledhaa scottish praamaanika upavaakyaalu upayoginchadam vanti vikreta yokka suuchimchina vaaranteelaku jodinchabadataayi. vaarentiila gurinchi sandeshaalu nissabdamgaa unna sandarbhamlo, chattam dwara suuchimchabadinavi vartistaayi.
warranty 1: sampoorna manchi sheershika.
vikreta taanu konugoludaarudiki yajamanyanni chellubaatu ayye vidhamgaa teliyajeyagalanani haamii istaadu. vikreta yokka yajamanyam (sheershika) hakku puurtigaa manchidani, scatland yokka nashtapariharam yokka register yokka keeper nundi raddu cheyabadadani ledhaa minahayinchabadadani kooda warrant cover chestundi. skaatlaandlooni samsthaagata rachayita, nyaya muulam ayina hyoom, vikreta konugoludaarudiki paeru manchidani rujuvulanu kooda andinchaalani chepparu.
warrant badilee cheyabadina mottam aastini cover cheyali, antey.ii.: ammakapu sandeshaala kinda badilee cheyadaaniki angeekarinchina mottam bhoomini vikreta kaligi undaali. dheeniki oka udaaharana saadhaaranamgaa vikreta mottam bhoomini badilee cheyadaaniki oppandam kudurchukunna sandarbhamlo chattam loe chudavachu, antey "(swargam nundi bhoomi madhyalo) conny bhoomi yokka poralo pratyeka sampradaaya addegaa kanipinche khanija hakkulu, vikreta yajamanyamlo undavu conny moodava paksham yajamanyamlo untaayi, conny konugoludaarudiki badilee cheyabadataayi.
eee vaaranteeni ullanghinchinatlayite, konugoludaaru rendu paarteela madhya oppandaanni mugistuu, ammakapu sandeshaalanu raddu cheyavachu. homes vii ashford estatelu limited" taruvaata, badilee cheyabadina bhoomi konugoludaarudu daanini upayoginchavalasi undani vikretaku teliyajesina prayojanam kosam saripotundani warrant eee warranty paridhiloki raadani parishkarinchabadindi.
warranty 2: takkuva nijamaina hakkulu laevu.
leejulu minaha badilee cheyalsina bhoomilo takkuva nijamaina hakkulu levani vikreta haamii istaadu.
leejulu vikreta yokka nijamaina hakkula warranty paridhiloki vastaya anae daanipai viruddhamaina chattaparamaina adhikaram kaligi untaayi. 16va mariyu 17va sataabdapu scatland raajya nyaayasthaanaalaku chendina paatha chattaparamaina adhikarulu suuchimchina warranty leejulaku vartinchadani suuchistunnatlu telustondi. dheeniki kaaranam emitante, chaaritraatmakamgaa, bhuswamya yajamaanulu tama yaajamaanyamloni bhoomini arudugaa aakraminchukuntaru, idhi tarachugaa "japthu" dwara leejuku ivvabadutundi ledhaa saamantulaku ivvabadutundi, kabatti bhoomiki takkuva nijamaina hakkulu levani haamii ivvadam sambandhitamainadi kaadu.
ayithe, skaatlaandlooni samsthaagata rachayita mariyu nyaya muulam ayina hyoom, chaalaa sudeergha kaalaaniki, takkuva addeku ledhaa addeku teesukunna vaariki bhoomipai pedda ettuna adhikaralu ichhe leejulu matrame eee warranty paridhiloki vastaayani raasaaru.
eee praantamloo adhikaaraaniki aadhunika muulam "lothian mariyu sarihaddu raitulu limited vii emm 'katchian", idhi leeju warranty paridhiloki raadani paatha adhikaarulanu anusarinchindi. ayithe, eee nirnayam tappu anie, mariyu session kortu yokka bayati sabha yokka modati udaaharana teerpugaa migilipoyindani vidyaaparamaina vimarsalu unnaayi.
edemaina, convencerlu tarachugaa scottish praamaanika klaajulalo chesinatlugaa, pravesam mariyu khaalii swaadheenam kosam vikretaku aasti andinchabadutundani oka nibandhananu sandeshaalaku jodistaaru.
vaivahika gruhalu (kutumba rakshana) (scatland) chattam 1981 kinda jeevita bhagaswamy yokka occupancy hakkulu chattabaddhamaina pakshika-nijamaina hakkutho samanamga untaayi mariyu idhi vaaranteelo cherchabadinda anedi anischitamgaa undhi. edemaina, scottish praamaanika upavakyalalo chesinatlugaa, occupancy hakkulaku sambandhinchina sandeshaalalo oka padaanni cherchadam praamaanika paddhati.
warranty 3: asaadhaarana vaastava paristhitulu laevu.
1835loe daasyaalu, bharalu vanti nijamaina paristhitulu vikreta chesina sampoorna warranty paridhiloki vastaayani khachitamgaa nirdhaarinchabadindi. aastipai nijamaina sharatulu levani vikreta haamii istaadani ippudu chattamlo suchinchabadindihi
teliyani nijamaina paristhitiki vyatiraekamgaa vijayavantam kaavadaaniki yuddhamlo daavaa vaeyadaaniki moodu pareekshalu santrupti chendaali.
aacharanalo, prati paksham yokka agentlache tagina shraddhatho tanikheelu sandeshaalu mugiselopu gatamlo teliyani nijamaina paristhitulanu gurtinchaali.gnaanaanni nirnayinchetappudu, konugoludaaru yokka "nirlakshyam mariyu kshaminchaleni agnaanam" (scots nundi anuvadinchabadindih nirlakshyam mariyu kshaminchaleni agnaanam) dwara konugoludaarudu nijamaina gnaanaanni kaligi undakunda nirodhinchara anie kortu pariseelistundi, okavela adhi konugoludaarudu nirmaanaatmaka gnaanaanni kaligi unnaadani kortu bhaavisthe, sahetukamaina samrakshana yokka vyayamam aadhaaramgaa ghnaanam.
anduvalla, konugoludaaru oka praamaanika rakam yokka nijamaina paristhitula gurinchi telusukunnatlu mariyu aasinchinatlu bhaavistaaru. vikreta "vyatirekiste", i.ii.: nyaayasthaanaaniki oka vaastavika samarpana chestaadu, konugoludaarudu sandeshaalu mugisina teedeeloo sharatu gurinchi telusu, vikreta matrame eee saakshya baadhyatanu niroopinchaali.
konugoludaaru nirlakshyam mariyu nirlakshyamtho vyavaharinchaadani, tadwara warranty daavaanu tiraskarinchaadani kortu kanugonnatlayite; nyaayavaadi dwara vyavaharinchina paarteelu pratyamnaayamgaa vruttiparamaina nirlakshyam kosam ammakanni nirvahinche agentpy daavaanu konasaginchagalavu.
warrandes 4: bhoomi (yajamanyam) konugoludaaru hakkuku bhavishyat charyalu pakshapaatam kaliginchavu.
konugoludaaru yokka yajamanya oppanda hakkuku bhangam kaliginche bhavishyat charyalu vikreta teesukodani nalgava warranty haamii istundi. vikreta vaari vaaranteeni ullanghistaadu, akkada vaaru maroka vyaktiki tadupari vaikharini manjuru chestaaru ledhaa konugoludaaru vaari vaikharini pondina tarvaata moodava paarteelaku bhoomilo takkuva nijamaina hakkulanu manjuru chestaaru. vaikhari namodu chesina taruvaata, yajamanyam konugoludaarudiki chellubaatu ayye badilee ayina tarvaata eee warranty sambandhitamgaa undadu.
oppanda ullanghanaku parishkaralu (ammakapu sandeshaalu).
ammakapu sandeshaala ullanghana.
konugoludaarudu taruvaata vaari sheershikalo gupta lopaanni kanugonte, puurtayina tarvaata vikretanu ledhaa vaari puurveekulanu gurtinchadam asadhyam anie rujuvu kaavacchu, ledhaa konugoludaaru konugolu dharanu chellinchi, vikreta oka vaikharini jaarii chesina "pravesha thedhee" (idhi saadhaaranamgaa adhe rojuna jarugutundi). aastilo gupta lopaalanu taruvaata kanugonna konugoludaarulaku chattaparamaina parishkaramga warrandes yokka samarthatha parimitam. warranty amalu cheyadaginadigaa maare point kooda viruddhamaina chattaparamaina mariyu vidyaaparamaina abhiprayam kaligi untundi. samsthaagata rachayita ayina bell abhiprayam emitante
"konugoludaarudiki manchi sheershikapai sampoorna hakku undhi... mariyu athanu eee hakkunu nissandehamgaa nirvartinchakapothe, athanu kattubadi undadu... thana hakku savaalu ayye varaku vechi undandi. taitil savaalu cheyalsina baadhyata unte adhi minahaayimpugaa taginanta aadharam "
ayithe, konugoludaarudipai tolagimpu charyanu levanettaalsina avasaram vanti arhatalu eee nibandhanaku unnaayi.
nyaayaparamaina tolagimpu kosam avasaram.
convencerla vistruta nammakaniki viruddhamgaa, ammakam yokka sandeshaalalo kanipinche vaaranteeni amalu cheyadaaniki tolagimpu avasaram ledhu. roman chattam nundi udbhavinchina scots chattam nirvachanamlo nyaayaparamaina tolagimpu anedi tolagimpu anae padaaniki saamaanyula ardham kaadu, dheeni dwara bhuswamy aasti nundi kouludaaruni tolagistaaru.
badulugaa, aasti yokka nijamaina yajamani tama yajamanya hakkunu nokki cheppe chota nyaayaparamaina tolagimpu untundi. tolagimpu charyanu bhoomi yokka nijamaina yajamani kortulo levanettaali mariyu konugoludaaru ledhaa konugoludaaru "declarator" (i.ii.: oka vishayamlo chattaparamaina nirnayam teesukoovaalani kortunu abhyardhinche chattaparamaina charya). scatland registerla keeper land registernu sarididdadaaniki thana adhikaranni upayoginchinatlayithe, idhi yuddha prayojanaala kosam nyaya tolagimpugaa kooda pariganinchabadutundi.
nyaayaparamaina tolagimpu avasaralu ledhaa unnata padavi unna vyakti tolagimpu yokka teevramaina bedirimpu anedi party vaikharilo yuddhaala meeda aadhaarapadina chota bhinnamgaa untundi. morris vii rae" loe oka vaikhari yokka yuddhaaniki supreenkortu iteevala chikitsa ichindi, dheeniki ippudu tolagimpu (konugoludaaru yokka yajamanya hakkulo jokyam) ledhaa bhoomiki merugaina hakku (hakku) unna vyakti dwara tolagimpu bedirimpu avasaram "."
sandeshaala yuddhampai vaikhari yuddhamu yokka bharti.
saadhaaranamgaa, warrandes thoo oka vaikharini pampinhee cheyadam anedi vikreta icchina ammakam yokka warrandes yokka sandeshaalanu adhigamistundi. ayithe, ammakapu sandeshaala yokka yuddhamu sambandhitamgaa konasagutunna moodu drushyaalu unnaih
1) aalasyamaina parishkaram-vaikhari jaarii cheyabadakunda, konugoludaaru ammakam yokka sandeshaalalo warrandes meeda matrame aadhaarapadagaladu.
2) ammakam yokka sandeshaala taruvaata lavadevini vidichipettaru-ammakam yokka sandeshaala tarvaata, lavadevini vidichipettinatlayithe (i.ii.: etuvanti vaikhari jaarii cheyabadaledu), konugoludaaru ippatikee ammakam yokka sandeshaalanu upayoginchagalugutaaru
3) sandeshaalalo oppanda nibandhana spashtamgaa yuddhamu yokka paiki vellakundaa nirodhistundi. contract (scatland) chattam 1997 kinda kooda nibandhanalu ippatikee amalu cheyabadavachhu.
nivaarana
ammakapu aadesaala ullanghana jarigina chota inca amalu cheyadaginavi, paina chudandi, konugoludaaru saadhaaranamgaa aadesaalanu raddu cheyavachu (antey.ii.: oppandaanni raddu cheyandi) mariyu/ledhaa (eah) "nirdishta amalu" charyanu penchadam mariyu/ledhaa (bii) vyaktigata baadhyatanu ullanghinchinanduku nashtalanu claim cheyadam vanti parishkaralanu korandi. ayithe, warrant ullanghinchinatlayite vikreta yokka saanukuula baadhyata ayithe, saadhaaranamgaa ammakapu sandeshaalalo ivi oka vaikharini andinchaalsina baadhyata, vikretaku baadhyatanu nirvartinchadaaniki sahetukamaina vyavadhini anumatistaaru.
upasamharana (i.ii.: eee sahetukamaina vyavadhi mugisina taruvaata matrame sandeshaala mugimpu anumatinchabadutundi. vikretaku bhoomipai yajamanyam ledani thelithe (i.ii.: bhoomi yajamanyam, chattaparamaina ledhaa sampradaaya pratyeka adde) lekapothe idhi bharinchalenidigaa pariganinchabadutundi mariyu konugoludaarudiki ventane upasamharana andubaatulo untundi. upasamharana andubaatulo laeni ullanghana sambhavinchinatlayithe, i.ii.: amalu cheyadaaniki vikretapai saanukuula baadhyata ledhu, appudu nashtalu andubaatulo undavu.
edemaina, aacharanalo, prakatanalanu raddu cheyakunda nashtalaku parishkaram ammakam yokka sandeshaala nibandhanalalone andinchabadutundi, eee oppanda nibandhana roman chattam oppanda parishkaranni anusaristundi, "actio kwanti minoris", idhi vikreta dwara oppandaanni ullanghinchina chota, konugoludaaru aastini nilupukovataniki mariyu aasti viluvalo taggudala aadhaaramgaa nashtalanu claim cheyadaaniki hakku kaligi untaadani claim cheyadaaniki anumatistundi.
chattabaddhamaina vyaktigata baar.
itara adhikara paridhulalo "esopel" bhavana maadirigaane, vraatapuurvaka oppandaalaku sambandhinchi scots chattamlo chattabaddhamaina vyaktigata baar undhi. eee rakshana anedi oka chellani oppandaanni chellubaatu ayyedigaa mariyu amalu cheyadaginadigaa unchadaaniki anumatistundi, ikkada paarteelu oppandampai aadharapadi bhouthika (aardhika ledhaa itara) parinaamaalatoe vyavaharinchaayi. raata (scatland) chattam 1995 yokka avasaralu kinda, section 1 (3) mariyu 1 (4) ilaa andistundihi "raata (scatland) chattam 1995 yokka avasaralu".
vibhagam 1 (3)
upa vibhagam (2) (eah) loe perkonna oppandam, baadhyata ledhaa trust, paina perkonna "rachanalu avasaramaina paristhitula jabita" eee chattam yokka section 2 [vraatapuurvaka patram] ledhaa, sandarbhanusaramga, section 9bii [electronic documentlu] kuu anugunamgaa unna patramlo erpaatu cheyabadakapothe, conny oppandaaniki chendina paarteelalo okaru, baadhyatalo runadaata ledhaa trust kinda labdhidaarudu ("modati vyakti") oppandaaniki itara paksham yokka ghnaanam mariyu angeekaaramtho oppandam, baadhyata ledhaa trust meeda aadharapadatam dwara vyavaharinchadam ledhaa vyavaharinchadam maanukunnatlayithe, baadhyatalo runagraheeta ledhaa truster ("rendava vyakti") -
(eah) rendava vyaktiki oppandam, baadhyata ledhaa trust nundi vaidolagadaaniki hakku undadu; mariyu
(bii) oppandam, baadhyata ledhaa trust chellanidigaa pariganinchabadadu.
diguva upa vibhagam (4) loe perkonna sharatu santrupti chendinatlayithe, adhi alaa erpaatu cheyabadaledu anae praatipadikana.
vibhagam 1 (4)
(4) paina perkonna upavibhaagam (3) loe suuchimchina sharatu emitante, modati vyakti yokka sthaanam -
(eah) aaa upavibhaagamlo perkonna vidhamgaa vyavaharinchadam ledhaa vyavaharinchakundaa undatam valla bhouthika sthaayilo prabhavam choopindi; mariyu
(bii) aaa upavibhaagamlo perkonna vidhamgaa upasamharana phalitamgaa bhouthika sthaayilo pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitamavutundi."[" "brocketlu mariyu underlinelu jodinchabaddaayi]" "antey 1995 chattaniki anugunamgaa ammakapu sandeshaalu srushtinchabadakapothe, anadhikaarika rachanalu ledhaa moukhika oppandam vantivi, itara paksham kaligi unna vyaktiki vyatiraekamgaa ippatikee amalu cheyabadataayih
rendava paksham chellani oppandam nundi vaidoligithe, modati paksham kontavaraku pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitamavutundani modati paksham niroopinchaali. scots sivil laa loe eppatilaage, modati vyakti adhi sambhavinchina sambhaavyata samatulyatapai rujuvu yokka paina perkonna chattabaddhamaina bharanni niroopinchaali.

