
vyavasaya tatvasaastram

vyavasaya tatvasaastram (ledhaa vyavasaya tatvasaastram), sthuulamgaa mariyu sthuulamgaa, vyavasaayaaniki sambandhinchina nirnayaalaku punaadigaa unna taatvika chatraala (ledhaa naitika prapancha abhiprayalu) yokka kramabaddhamaina vimarsalaku ankitam cheyabadina oka kramasikshana. eee abhiprayalalo chaalaa varaku saadhaaranamgaa bhuu viniyogaaniki sambandhinchina nirnayaalaku maarganirdesam cheyadaaniki kooda upayoginchabadataayi. (dayachesi paryaavarana tatvasaastrampai wikipedia kathanaanni chudandi.) rojuvaaree viniyogamlo, dheenini maanavatvam yokka nagarikata yokka vyavasthaapaka bhagalalo okatigaa, vyavasaayamtho sambandham unna prema, anveshana mariyu ghnaanam anie kooda nirvachinchavacchu. ayithe, eee drukpathaanni vyavasaayavaadam anie marinta samuchitamgaa pilustaaru. vaastavamlo, vyavasaayavaadam anedi anekam loe oka tatvasaastram ledhaa pramaanaatmaka chatram matrame, dheenini prajalu rojuvaaree praatipadikana vyavasaayaaniki sambandhinchi tama nirnayaalaku maarganirdesam cheyadaaniki upayogistaaru. eee tatvaalalo atyanta prabalamgaa unnavi krinda kluptamgaa nirvachinchabadataayi.
upayogakaramaina vidhanam.
eee abhiprayanni modata jeremi bentham mariyu zaan stewart mill munduku tecchaaru. upayogitaavaadamlo aneka rakalu unnappatikee, saadhaaranamgaa abhiprayam emitante, naitikamgaa saraina charya anedi prajalaku garishta manchini utpatti chese charya. eee siddhaantam paryavasaanavaadam yokka oka roopam; dheeni praathamikamgaa saraina charya puurtigaa aaa charya yokka parinaamaala paramgaa ardham chesukobadindani ardham. vyavasaya samasyalanu nirnayinchetappudu upayogitaavaadam tarachugaa upayoginchabadutundi. udaaharanaku, prajalu korukune pantalanu pandinche saamarthyam aadhaaramgaa vyavasaya bhoomulaku saadhaaranamgaa viluva istaaru. bhoomi viluva nirnayaaniki eee vidhananni aasti siddhaantam (sthaana siddhaantaaniki viruddhamgaa) anie pilustaaru mariyu idhi upayogakaramaina suutraalapai aadharapadi untundi. maroka udaaharana emitante, oka nirdishta bhuubhaagamtoe emi cheyaalo oka samajam nirnayinchukunnappudu. eee samajam dheenini parisramalu, nivaasa viniyogaalu ledhaa vyavasayam kosam upayoginchaalani nirnayinchukovaali. upayogakaramaina vidhananni upayoginchadam dwara, yea upayogam samaajamlo atyadhika sankhyalo prajalaku prayojanam chekurustundo council nirnayistundi, aapai aaa samacharam aadhaaramgaa vaari empika chestundi. chivaraku, idhi paarisraamika vyavasaayaaniki punaadi kooda vestundi; digubadi perugudala, idhi vyavasaya bhoomi nundi vastuvulanu pondagala prajala sankhyanu penchutundi, eee drukpatham nundi manchi charya ledhaa vidhanamgaa nirnayinchabadutundi. nijaaniki, paarisraamika vyavasaayaaniki anukuulamgaa oka saadhaarana vaadana emitante idhi manchi paddhati endukante idhi manavulaku prayojanaalanu penchutundi; aahara samruddhi mariyu aahara dharala taggudala vanti prayojanaalu.
ayithe, peater gayakudu, aldo leopold, vandana shiva, barbara kingsolver mariyu vendell berry vanti aneka mandhi panditulu mariyu rachayitalu eee abhipraayaaniki vyatiraekamgaa vaadinchaaru. udaaharanaku, paarisraamika vyavasayam vanti charya cheyala vadda anie nirnayinchetappudu jantuvula badhalanu (vyavasaya jantuvulato sahaa) kharchu/prayojana gananalo chaerchaalani gayakudu vaadinchaaru. vyavasaya bhoomulu mariyu vyavasaya jantuvulu eee drukpathamlo sadhanaga unnayani, tamalo taamu viluvainavi kaavani kooda dheenini savaalu chesaaru. adanamgaa, vyavasthala aalochanaaparulu, lothaina paryaavarana saastravettalu mariyu vyavasaya tatvavettalu (aldo leopold & vendell berry vantivi) eee abhiprayanni naitikamgaa vartinche mariyu/ledhaa antargatamgaa viluvaina vyavasaya amsaalanu vismaristunnanduna vimarsistaaru. nemmadigaa saage aahara udyamam mariyu konugolu chese sthaanika vyavasaya udyamaalu kooda eee vidhanam yokka teevramaina samskaranalaku naitikamgaa vyatiraekamaina taatvika abhiprayalapai nirminchabaddaayi. vyavasaayaaniki sambandhinchina vividha taatvika vidhaanaalanu kluptamgaa vivarinchinappudu itara vimarsalu krinda anveshinchabadataayi. ayithe, vyavasayam patla upayogakaramaina vidhanam prastutam aadhunika paaschaatya prapanchamlo atyanta vistrutamaina vidhanam anie gamaninchadam mukhyam.
swechchaavaada vidhanam.
bhoomi ledhaa vyavasaya samasyalanu nirnayinchetappudu tarachugaa upayoginche maroka taatvika vidhanam swechchaavaadam. libertarianism anedi, sthuulamgaa, agentlu tamaku taamugaa unnaarani mariyu aastini pondhe hakkutho sahaa konni naitika hakkulanu kaligi unnaarani naitika abhiprayam. oka vadulugaa bhavinchetappudu, swechchaavaadam anedi saadhaaranamgaa eee swechcha itarula swechchaku aatamkam kaliginchanappudu prati vyaktiki garishta swechchaku hakku undane nammakamtho gurtinchabadutundi. zaan hospers oka prasiddha swechchaavaada siddhaantakarta. eee drushtilo, aasti hakkulu sahaja hakkulu. anduvalla, oka raitu thana bhoomini itarulaku haani cheyaninta varaku asamarthamgaa saagu cheyadam aamodayogyamainadi. 1968loe, garrett harden eee tatvaanni bhoomi/vyavasaya samasyalaku vartimpajesaaru, "saamaanyula vishaadaaniki" ekaika parishkaram matti mariyu neeti vanarulanu private pourula chetulloki ivvadam anie vaadinchaaru. appudu ayana thana vaadanaku maddatugaa upayogakaramaina samarthanalanu andinchaadu, vaastavaaniki, swechchaavaadam upayogakaramaina aadarsaalalo paatukupoyindani vaadinchavachchu. ayithe, idhi vyavasaayampai upayogakaramaina vidhaanaalaku vyatiraekamgaa paina perkonna vimarsalaku swechchaavaada aadhaarita bhuu naitikatanu terichi unchutundi. eee vimarsalanu minahayinchi, prajalu swaarthapuuritha nirnayaalu teesukovadam valla dummu ginne vipattu vanti pedda paryaavarana mariyu saamaajika vipattulu sambhavinchavacchane vimarsha swechchaavaada drukpathaanni pratyaekamgaa savaalu chesindi. ayinappatikee, idhi saadhaaranamgaa united states lopala mariyu mukhyamgaa yuu dwara nirvahinchabade taatvika drukpatham.ess. raitulu, pasupaalakulu.
samanatva vidhanam.
samanatva-aadhaarita abhiprayalu tarachugaa swechchaavaadaaniki pratispandanagaa abhivruddhi cheyabadataayi. endukante, swechchaavaadam garishta mottamlo maanava swechhanu andistundagaa, itarulaku sahayam cheyadaaniki oka vyakti avasaram ledhu. idhi sampada yokka asamaana pampinheeki kooda daariteestundi. zaan ralls oka prasiddha samanatva tatwavetta. vyavasaayampai drushti saarinchinappudu, bhoomi mariyu aahara asamaana pampinhee anie dheeni ardham. vyavasaya naitikata patla upayogakaramaina mariyu swechchaavaada vidhanalu rendoo eee durviniyogaanni sahetukamgaa hetubaddham cheyagalavu, samanatva vidhanam saadhaaranamgaa samaana hakkulu mariyu/ledhaa upaadhi ledhaa aahaaraaniki avakaasam ayina samaanatvaaniki anukuulamgaa untundi. ayithe, prajalaku edainaa hakku undani evarainaa gurtinchinatlayite, appudu evarainaa eee avakaasaanni ledhaa vastuvunu andinchaali, adhi vyaktigata vyakti ayina ledhaa prabhutvam ayina. anduvalla, samanatva drukpatham bhoomi mariyu neetini aahara hakkutho anusandhaanistundi. maanava janabha perugudala mariyu matti mariyu neeti vanarula ksheenatatoo, samaanatvavaadam naela saaravantamaina mariyu neeti samrakshanaku balamaina vaadananu andinchagaladu.
paryaavarana ledhaa vyavasthala vidhanam.
upayogakaramaina, swechchaavaada, samanatva tatvaalatoe paatu, bhoomiki antargata viluva, paryaavarana ledhaa vyavasthala drukpatham nundi vachhe sthaanaalu anae suutrampai aadhaarapadina pramaanaatmaka abhiprayalu unnaayi. dheeniki rendu pradhana udaaharanalu james lovelock yokka gayaa parikalpana, idhi bhoomi oka jeevi anie pratipaadistundi mariyu maanava samajalu chuttupakkala paryaavarana vyavasthalu ledhaa jeeva samaajaala punaadipai nirminchabaddaayani vaadinche lothaina paryaavarana saastravettalu vaadistaaru. eee tatvaalu saadhaaranamgaa bhoomiki sambandhinchina samasyalapai nirnayam teesukovadamlo maarganirdesam cheyadaaniki upayogakaramgaa unnappatikee, vyavasaayaaniki vartimpajesinappudu avi parimita upayogaanni kaligi untaayi endukante avi sahaja paryaavarana vyavasthalanu kaligi untaayi mariyu vyavasaya paryaavarana vyavasthalanu tarachugaa sahajamgaa pariganincharu. bhoomiki vyavasaayaaniki neerugaa vartinche antargata viluva undane suutrampai aadhaarapadina oka tatvasaastram aldo lepold yokka nayakatva neethi ledhaa bhuu neethi, dheenilo "jeeva samajam yokka samagrata, sthirathvam mariyu andaanni kaapaadataaniki" oka charya sarainadi. samanatva-aadhaarita bhuu naitikata maadirigaane, paina perkonna aneka tatvaalu kooda upayogita mariyu swechchaavaada aadhaarita vidhaanaalaku pratyamnaayamgaa abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. simham yokka neethi prastutam vyavasaayaaniki atyanta prachuryam pondina paryaavarana vidhanalalo okati, dheenini saadhaaranamgaa vyavasaayavaadam anie pilustaaru. itara vyavasaayavaadulalo benzin franklin, thamus jefferson, zhe. hector St. zaan dii crevacure (1735-1813), ralf valdo emerson (1803-1882), henry david thoreau (1817-1862), zaan steinbeck (1902-1968), vendell berry (b. 1934), janyu logsdon (bii. 1932), paal bii. thampson, mariyu barbara kingsolver.

