
japanese lipi samskarana

japanese lipi samskarana anedi meiji kaalamlo praarambhamaina likhita padamtho pramaanikamgaa matlade japanese bhashanu anusandhaaninche prayatnam. eee samasyanu japaanlo 'dhi' anie pilustaaru. eee samskaranalu aadhunika japanese likhita bhasha abhivruddhiki daariteesaayi, mariyu japaanlo arudugaa upayoginche kanji vadakam mariyu bodhananu nirnayinchadaaniki upayoginche adhikaarika vidhaanaala vaadanalanu vivaristaayi.
charitra.
rendava prapancha yuddhaaniki mundu samskaranalu.
japan aakramana samayamlo mitraraajyaala saktula sarvonnata commander nundi japanese lipi samskarana udbhavinchindani oka apoha undhi, conny vaastavaaniki, aakramanaku mundugaane oka pranaalikanu roopondinchaaru. samskarana prayatnaalu kaneesam 1900 nativi, mariyu kanji viniyogaanni samskarinche pratipaadanalu 1920laloe abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi.
1900 kaanaa viniyoga samskaranalalo, hentaigana (kaanaa yokka paatha roopaantara roopaalu) tolaginchabaddaayi, ayithe chaaritraka kaanaa aksharakramam (hayeon kaalam naatidi, oka sahasraabdi mundu) konasaginchabadindi. n" kosam oka pratyeka aksharam kooda soochinchabadindi; gatamlo idhi ("muu" vale) vraayabadindi mariyu eee rendu sabdaalaku hentaigana. konni kanjeelanu upayogam nundi tolaginche pratipaadana 1920laloe, taisho kaalam mugimpulo, aneka praantaalu mariyu videshee bhoobhagalalo amalu cheyabadindi.
1922 navambarulo, japanese bhasha mandaliki puurvagaami, ippudu saamskrutika vyavahaaraala agency yokka japanese bhasha upavibhaagam, rojuvaaree upayogam kosam 1,962 kanji aksharaala jaabitaanu enchukuni aamodinchindi. eee paatrala samuuham "toyo kanji" jaabitaaku aadharam ayyindi, idhi chivariki aadhunika "joyo kanji" jabitaga abhivruddhi chendindi. 1923 decemberulo, aadhunika kaanaa vyavasthaku namoonaga kaanaa vadakam kosam samskaranala samitini kamitee aamodinchindi.
samskaranalu.
rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata chesina samskaranalu aadhunika japanese bhaashalo aamodinchabadina kanji vaadakampai mukhyamgaa gananeeyamaina prabhavanni chupayi.
1945 november 12naa, yomiyuri shimbun vaartaapatrika kaanjeeni raddu cheyadaaniki sambandhinchina oka sampaadakeeyaanni prachurinchindi, mariyu 1946 marchi 31naa, modati american vidya pratinidhi brundam mitraraajyaala adhikaaraala (scop) kosam supreme commander ahvanam meraku japanku vacchi daani modati nivedikanu vidudala chesindi. kanji vaadakaaniki sambandhinchina ibbandulanu nivedika etthi choopindi, mariyu vaaru marinta soukaryavantamgaa bhaavinchina romaji vadakanni samarthinchindi. phalitamgaa, kaanjeeni kramamga raddu cheyadam anedi scop kosam adhikaarika vidhanamgaa maarindi, mariyu eee vidhaanaaniki anugunamgaa "toyo kanji" jabita mariyu aadhunika kaanaa viniyoga pratipaadanalu roopondinchabaddaayi.
"toyo kanji".
1850 aksharaalanu kaligi unna "toyo kanji" jaabitaanu bhavishyattulo kanji vadakanni puurtigaa raddu cheyalane uddesyamto 1946 november 16naa cabinet prachurinchindi. eee jabita rojuvaaree viniyogaaniki taginadigaa bhaavinche kanji sankhyanu tagginchindi mariyu adhikaarika prachuranalu mariyu patraalalo nirdishta upayogam kosam konni kanjeelanu vargeekarinchindi.
eee samskaranaku mundu, "kyujitai" anie piluvabade aneka kanjeelanu "shinjitai" anie piluvabade itara roopaalatho praamaanikam cheyadaaniki prayatnam jarigindi, conny kramapaddhatilo nirvahinchabadaledu. kotta aksharaala roopaala kosam, kaneesa maarpulatoe aneka aksharalaku matrame maarpulu cheyabaddaayi.
kanji reedingula sankhyanu parimitam cheyadaaniki maroka pratyeka prayatnam jarigindi, conny modati jabita chaalaa nirbandhamgaa niroopinchabadindi. udaaharanaku, chepalu yokka aksharalu "gyo" mariyu "yuo" kuu parimitam cheyabaddaayi, atyanta saadhaarana patanam, "sakana", jabita dwara adhikarikamga gurtinchabadaledu. 1972 juun 28naa prachurinchabadina "toyo kanji" yokka savarinchina jaabitaalo eee lopaalu gurtinchabaddaayi.
1956 juulai 5naa, japanese bhasha mandali "toyo kanji" amalunu sulabhataram chese prayatnamlo adhikaarika jaabitaalo laeni aksharaalanu kaligi unna padaalaku pratyaamnaaya aksharaala jaabitaanu prakatinchindi. arudaina vaati sthaanamlo pratyaamnaaya, saadhaarana kanji yokka eee upayogaanni (anie kooda vraayabadindi) anie pilicheevaaru.
toyo kanji" jabita nundi aksharaalanu upayoginchi padaalaku ververu aksharalu ekikrutam cheyabaddaayi. diguva jabita konni udaaharanalanu chooputundi, kaani "toyo kanji" brocketlalo unchabadindi.
padajaalam mariyu okati kante ekkuva margallo vraayagaligae itara pratyeka padaalu saadhaaranamgaa jabita nundi aksharaalanu upayoginchi vrayabaddayi.
jaabitaalo cherchabadani kanjeeni upayoginchina itara padaalaku dhwani pratyaamnaayaalu ivvabaddaayi.
sahetukamgaa pratyaamnaayam cheyaleni aksharaalato kuudina kanji sammelanaala kosam, badulugaa "kaanaa" loe "tappipoyina" kanji anie vraayaalani sifaarsu cheyabadindi, idhi rasayana muulakaala paerita chaalaa saadhaaranamaina paddhati.
ayithe, iteevali computerla praabalyam japanese matladevariki arudaina aksharaalanu gurtinchadam mariyu upayoginchadam sulabhataram chesindi, mariyu aamodinchabadina aksharaala jaabitaanu kaligi undaalane aalochana punahpariseelanaku vachindi. majegaki" sthaanamlo paatakulaku sahayam cheyadaaniki japanese media ekkuvagaa "furigana" thoo aamodinchabadani kaanjeeni upayoginchindi.
paerlaku kanji.
1948 fibravari 16naa, "toyo kanji" loe 881 praathamika vidya samayamlo bodhinchadaaniki niyaminchabaddaayi, mariyu "kyoiku kanji" (vidya kanji) gaa piluvabadindi.
adhe samvatsaramlo, kutumba register chattamloni artical 50 adhikaarika jaabitaalo laeni aksharaalanu upayoginchi pillala paeru pettadanni chattaviruddham chesindi. eee chattam modata amalloki vachinappudu, navjata sisuvulandaruu hiragana, katakana ledhaa toyo kanji matrame upayoginche paerutoe "koseki" (japanese kutumba registry) loe namodu cheyabadaalani nyaya mantritva saakha prakatinchindi. ayithe, 1951loe, adanamgaa 92 aksharaalanu prabhutvam "ginmeo kanji" gaa aamodinchindi; kanji paerlaloo upayoginchadaaniki aamodayogyamainadi. eee jaabitaanu 1997loe mottam 285 aksharalaku penchadaaniki savarinchaaru. aaa samayamlo, asalu "ginmeo kanji" jabita nundi enimidi aksharalu "joyo kanji" (rojuvaaree upayogam) jaabitaaku jodinchabaddaayi mariyu "ginmeo kanji" samuuham nundi tolaginchabaddaayi.
27 september 2004naa, paerlaloo upayoginchadaaniki maroe 488 kanjeelanu aamodinchaaru, paakshikamgaa saporo haikortu icchina teerpu phalitamgaa, chaalaa saadhaarana aksharaalanu paerlaloo upayoginchadam nundi minahaayinchadam aamodayogyam kaadani, endukante avi adhikaarika jaabitaalo bhaagam kaavu. praarambhamlo 578 aksharalu jodinchabaddaayi, ayithe prajala pratispandana phalitamgaa (dvesham, agraham), (muulavyaadhi) mariyu (shavam) vanti paerlaku sariponi konni aksharalu tolaginchabaddaayi.
vimarsalanu.
kanjeeni raddu chese disagaa oka adugugaa roopondinchina "thoyo kanji" jabita, panditulache tarachugaa vimarsalaku guraindi. 1958loe, sunami fukuda "koo" patrikalo oka vyaasam rasindi, kanji vadakanni parimitam cheyadam asadhyam anie etthi choopindi, 1961loe, aneka mandhi pramukha samskarana vyatiraekulu japanese bhasha mandali saadhaarana samavesam nundi vacout chesaaru, vaaru ellappuduu councillo tama sthaanaalaku tirigi ennikayyaaru.
taruvaati samvatsaram, japanese bhasha mandali sabhyudu tomiso yoshida, kanji mariyu kaanaa misramaanni upayoginchi prastuta rachana vyavasthanu praamaaneekarinchadampai council vaari samskaranalanu aadharam chesukovalani vaadinchaaru, mariyu 1965loe, appati council chairman ayina morito tatsuo, kaanjeeni puurtigaa raddu cheyadam ippudu oohinchalenidi anie, yoshida suuchana adhikaarika vidhanamgaa maarutundani prakatinchaaru.
aadhunika kaanaa vadakam.
1946 november 16naa, chaaritraka kaanaa vadakam aadhunika uchchaarananu pratibimbimchaelaa adhikaarika samskaranaku guraindi. adanamgaa, rendu kaanaa, "vai" mariyu "vii", adhikarikamga vaadukalo levani prakatinchabaddaayi, endukante vaaru soochinche uchchaaranalu aneka sataabdaala kritam bhasha nundi padipoyayi.
kontamandi samskartalu kaanjeeni puurtigaa tolaginchaalani, kaanaa upayoginchi matrame dhwani aadhaarita likhita bhashanu kaligi undaalani korukunnaru, conny dheeniki vyatiraekamgaa nirnayinchaaru, tadupari samskaranalu nilipiveyabaddaayi.
aadhunika kaanaa vaadakamlo ippatikee okati ledhaa rendu asamaanatalu unnaayi, endukante samskaranalu madhyantara dasalo nilipiveyabaddaayi. 1985 juulai 1naa prabhutvam sameepa bhavishyattulo tadupari samskaranalu cheyabomani dhruveekarinchindi.
maas medialo paatha kanjeeni tirigi pravesapettadam.
1970loe minamata vyaadhi kesulaku sambandhinchina vyajyalanu nivedistunnappudu, shokasandramlo unna kutumbaala bhavalanu suuchimchadaaniki naan-toyo kanji "aann", "grudge", upayoginchabadindi. eee vistruta vyaapti phalitamgaa, eee kanjeeni prajaadarana pondina vaadukaloki tirigi pravesapettaaru, idhi marenno kanjeelaku punaravasam kalpinchadaaniki talupulu terichindi.
"joyo kanji" mariyu japanese paarisraamika pramaanaalu.
aaa samayamlo 1,945 aksharaalato kuudina "joyo kanji" jaabitaanu, "thoyo kanji" jaabitaaku pratyamnaayamgaa upayoginchadaaniki 1981loe japan prabhutvam prachurinchindi. eee kotta jabita paatha "toyo kanji" jabita aadhaaramgaa roopondinchabadindi, ayithe "joyo kanji" anedi kanji vaadakaaniki maargadarsakam, ayithe "toyo kanji" anedi kramamga kanji vadakanni tolaginchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi.
adhe samayamlo, japanese paarisraamika pramaanaala kamitee (jis) kooda computing mariyu vard prosessinglo upayogam kosam praamaanika kanji akshara samitini roopondinchadaaniki prayatninchindi, mariyu dayta prosessing kosam prati kanjeeki pratyaekamaina akshara kodnu ketaayinchadaaniki prayatninchindi. eee paatrala samiti, "joyo kanji" laaga, kevalam vaelaadi document cheyabadina kanji yokka upasamiti, mariyu vyavahaarikamgaa jees kanji sett gaa piluvabadindi. eee paatra sett daani prarambham nundi aneka punarvimarsalaku guraindi. veetilo modatidi, adhikarikamga jis sii 6226 anie pilustaaru, ledhaa saadhaaranamgaa paatha jis kanji sett anie pilustaaru, idhi 1978loe prachurinchabadindi mariyu indulo 6802 aksharalu unnaayi. 1983loe "joyo kanji" jaabitaanu roopondinchina taruvaata, paatha setnu 6877 aksharaalanu kaligi undela vistarinchaaru, veetilo konni kanji kaani aksharalu kooda unnaayi. dheenini kotta jees kanji sett anie pilustaaru, mariyu 1987loe jees x 0208 gaa niyaminchabadindi.
sumaru 200 aksharalu vaati saampradaaya roopam nundi vaati saralikruta roopaaniki marchabaddayi, paatha jees nundi kotta jees sett kuu maarpu, antey paatha aksharaala samitini upayoginchi computerlalo vraayabadina padha patraalu kotta akshara samitini upayoginchina computerlo pradarsinchinappudu adhe aksharaalanu pradarsinchavu.
jees aksharaala samiti aksharaala roopaala madhya etuvanti thedaanu chuupadu, kabatti saampradaaya mariyu saralikruta roopaala madhya thedaanu gurtinchadam saadhyam kaadu. ayithe, konni paatralu, udaaharanaku, mariyu, oke paatra yokka vaividhyaalu unnappatikee, paatrala samuuhamloo vaeru cheyabadataayi.
gaiji.
1980la madhyalo vard processorlu mariyu computerlalo kaananu kanjiga marchadam valla chethitho vraasina japanese bhaashalo gananeeyamaina maarpulu vachayi. phalitamgaa, "joyo kanji" velupala kanji vadakam perigindi, takkuva kanji vadakam yokka munupati dhoranini tippikottindi. eee paatralanu "gaiji" (litt. "bayati paatralu")
joyo kanji" paie japanese bhasha mandali antargata nivedikaku mundumaata, aamodinchabadina jaabitaalo laeni aksharaala roopaalapai mandali nirnayam pendinglo undani, prati rangam nundi parisoedhana kosam vechi untundani perkondi. kotta jees aksharaala samiti kanji saralikarananu "gaiji" kii vistaristundi, saahityamlo upayoginche aksharaala praamaanika roopaalu mariyu computer ledhaa vard processorlo utpatti cheyabadina padaarthaala madhya vyatyaasaanni srushtistundi. kotta jees aksharaala sankshipta padaalanu sweekarinchamani japanese prachurana parisramapai ottidi undhi, mariyu "gaiji" loe phalitamgaa vacchina vaividhyam, japan bhasha mandalini, december 2000loe vaari tudi nivedikalo, eee kanjeelo chaalaa vatiki praamaanika roopaala jaabitaanu roopondinchadaaniki daariteesindi. eee jaabitaanu japaanlo dhi anie pilustaaru.
mudrinchina padaarthaalalo upayoginche vividha gaiji roopaalanu parisoedhinchadam dwara eee jaabitaanu sankalanam chesaaru, mariyu 1022 pradhana aksharalaku mudrana rakam mukhamlo upayoginchadaaniki praamaanika roopaalu ivvabaddaayi. eee aksharaalalo 22 saadhaarana roopaalanu saralikrutam chesaayi, mariyu moodu radicals yokka sankshipta roopaalu eee aksharalaku anumatinchadagina pratyamnaayaalugaa gurtinchabaddaayi. ayithe, jabita yokka saadhaarana vidhanam anni gaijeelaku saampradaaya roopaalanu upayoginchadam.
vaartaapatrika prachuranakartalu kanji sankhyanu tagginchadaaniki drudhamgaa vaadinchinappatikii, "gaiji" jabita vidudala vaartaapatrika mudranalo "majegaki" nii tagginchamani vaarini balavantam chesindi. taruvaati samasyalu anumatinchadagina aksharaala sankhyanu penchadaaniki moggu chupayi, tadwara maajee "majegaki" padaalanu kanjiga vraayavacchu (udaaharanaku, daani sthaanamlo ledhaa sthaanamlo upayoginchadam). vaartaapatrikalu kampyootareekarinchina aksharakramanni upayoginchadam praarambhinchinappudu, konni vaartaapatrikalu asaadhaaranamaina kanjeeni chadavadaanni suuchimchadaaniki ruby aksharaalanu tirigi pravesapettaayi. ekikruta udyamam kaanappatikee, kanji vadakam vaipu saadhaarana dhorani undedi. itara media samsthalu kooda dheenini anusarinchaayi, alaage "majegaki" parimaanaanni kooda tagginchaayi.
gaiji" jabita mariyu jees roopaala madhya gananeeyamaina vyatyaasaalu unnaayi, conny eee vyatyaasaalu 2004loe jees x 0213 vidudalatoe sarididdabaddaayi, idhi jeesnu japanese bhasha mandaliki anugunamgaa teesukuvacchindi. adhe samvatsaramlo nyaya mantritva saakha chesina ginmeo kanjeelo maarpulu kooda eee praamaanika mudrita roopaaniki anugunamgaa unnaayi, dheeniki minahaayimpugaa undhi. computerlu kooda mudrinchina akshara roopaalanu anusarinchi praamaanika roopam vaipu kadilaayi. ayithe, jis x 0213 vyaktigata sthala paerlu mariyu "gaiji" jabita nundi minahaayinchabadina itara saraina namavachakalanu kaligi untundi, kabatti aksharaala roopam mudrinchina praamaanika mariyu naamakarana pramaanaala madhya bhinnamgaa unna aksharalaku gandaragolam inca yerpadavachhu.
"joyo kanji" mariyu "ginmeo kanji" (2000 natiki jabita) "gaiji" jaabitaalo cherchabadaledu, kabatti aaa aksharalaku pramaanaalu ginmeo kanji jaabitaalo upayoginche roopaalu. adevidhamgaa, mariyu, 1990loe ginmeo kanji jaabitaaku jodinchabadinavi, adhe kaaranamtho pramaana rupaluga migilipoyayi, ayinappatikee aaa aksharalaku saampradaaya roopaalu unnaayi (madhyalo oka chukka, mariyu rendankela radikal). 2004loe jaabitaalo chesina maarpulalo eee kanjeelu maaraledu. marovaipu, 2004loe ginmeo kanji jaabitaalo cherchabadina aksharalu, radikal meeda rendu chukkalu mariyu madhyalo oka chukkatho praamaanika mudrinchina roopaanni kaligi unnaayi, mariyu tadanugunamgaa x 0213loe savarinchabaddaayi.
samskaranalaku chaaritraka maddatudaarulu.
japanese aksharakramamlo bhaagamgaa kaanjeeni upayoginchadam anedi kaneesam edo kaalam mugisinappati nundi charchaneeyaamsamgaa undhi. kanji vadakam vividha kaaranaala valla vimarsinchabadindi, pradhana vimarsalu
eee vimarsalu kaanjeeni tagginchadam ledhaa nirmoolinchadam anedi jaateeya prayojanaaniki sambandhinchina vishayam anae vaadanalaku daariteesaayi. kanjeeni raddu cheyalane aalochana tarachugaa 1866loe "shogan" thokugavaa yoshinobu kuu samarpinchina myjima hisoka nivedikanu suuchistumdi. kanji neerchukunee prakriya asamarthamgaa unnanduna kanjeeni raddu cheyaalani nivedika vaadinchindi; ayithe, iteevali samvatsaraalalo eee nivedika uniki prashnaarthakamgaa maarindi. kanji samskaranaku maddatu ichhe itara vaadulalo eee krindivi unnaih
romaji samasyanu ippatikee appudappudu anchu rachayitalu munduku teesukuvelataaru, udaaharanaku katsuhiko tanaka () raasina 2011 pustakam.
prastuta samasyalu.
paatra sambandhita samasyalu.
prastuta abhiprayam vikalanga vyaktiki marinta saanukuula padaanni prothsahinchadaaniki joyo kanji jaabitaalo paatranu chaerchadaaniki anukuulamgaa undhi, endukante vikalaangulaku prastuta padam, "haani ledhaa chedu prabhavam" anae dviteeya avamaanakaramaina ardhaanni kaligi unna paatranu upayogistundi.
"majegaki".
majegaki" yokka prastuta samasya, oke padaanni vraayadaaniki kanji mariyu kaanaa kalapadam, aadhunika samskaranalatho, mukhyamgaa "toyo kanji" jabita parichayamtho udbhavinchindi. jaabitaalo cherchabadani aksharaalanu tagina paryaayapadamtho bharti cheyalsina padaalanu kaligi undaalane uddesyam unnappatikee, vaastavaaniki, eee kaanjeeni canalo vrayadam dwara mariyu "majegaki" nii saadhaaranam cheyadam dwara niyamam tappinchukundi. saadhaaranamgaa kaanaa ledhaa majegaakeelo vrayabade aaharalalo ("shoyu" soya saas) mariyu ("miso") untaayi. saadhaaranamgaa "majegaki" gaa vrayabade itara padaalaloo saampradaayaka roopaalu varusaga,,,,, mariyu ekkada unnaayi. konni sandarbhaallo upayoginchani kanji chaalaa klishtamgaa untundi (23 strokelu kaligi untundi), itara sandarbhaallo paatra saapekshamgaa saralamgaa undavacchu conny adhikaarika jaabitaalo undakapovachhu (udhaa.zii. kevalam 9 strokelu matrame unnaayi). idhi vaidya padaalaku kooda saadhaaranam, ivi tarachugaa arudaina kanjeeni upayogistaayi.
"majegaki" amalu cheyabadadu mariyu saahityamlo arudugaa upayoginchabadutundi, ikkada saampradaaya roopaalu tarachugaa upayoginchabadataayi, ayithe vaartaapatrikalu mariyu television prasaralu vanti media avutletlalo idhi saadhaaranam, endukante eee sandarbhaalalo joyo kaani kanjeeni upayoginchakudadu. teevramaina sandarbhaallo, "joyo kanji" nuu television karyakramalu ledhaa mangaalo chinna pillalu ledhaa bhasha abhyaasakulanu lakshyamgaa chesukuni eee vidhamgaa vraayavacchu-udaaharanaku ("honyuru" ksheeradam). "majegaki" nuu sankethaalalo kooda upayoginchavacchu, bahusha katakana-udaaharanaku, ("" hifuka "" charmavyaadhi nipunudu) dhooram nundi spashtatanu meruguparachadaaniki vraayavacchu ".
toyo kanji" jaabitaanu pravesapettina samayamlo, furigana anie kooda piluvabade ruby aksharaala vadakam, type settinglo ibbandula kaaranamgaa vaartaapatrika companylaku adhika mudrana kharchulaku daariteesindi, mariyu "majegaki" furigana avasaranni tolaginchindi. phalitamgaa mudrana kharchulu taggadam valla vaartaapatrika companylaku teevramaina aardhika prayojanaalanu andinchadaaniki kanji parimiti ledhaa raddu cheyabadindi, mariyu vaaru japanese bhasha mandali teesukunna nirnayaalalo bhaareega palgonnaru.
"kakuda".
adhe patanam unna asaadhaaranamaina vaati sthaanamlo saadhaarana kanjeeni upayoginchadaanni "kakike" ("marchabadina rachana") anie pilustaaru. atyanta saadhaarana udaaharanalalo okati, badulugaa, rendintinee "saay" anie uchcharistaaru, yugalanu vraasetappudu, badulugaa. maroka saadhaarana udaaharana "chusen" (lottery), idhi tarachugaa paina perkonna majegaakeeki adanamgaa vraayabadutundi. arudaina udaaharana "chinden" anae padam 'settlement (avakshepam)', idhi 'munigipovadam' mariyu 'avakshepam' aksharaala kalayika, kabatti kanji nundi ardham spashtamgaa kanipistundi. ayithe, aadhunika rachanalo asaadhaaranamaina paatraku badulugaa 'mister, lard' (edama vaipuna 3-stroke water raadikalnu vadiliveyadam), adhe uchchaaranatoo samaanamaina aksharam, conny vaerae ardham, kalayikanu istundi, idhi ippudu 'munigipotunna prabhuvu' anie ardham.
saralamaina praamaanikam kaani aksharaalanu upayoginchi vividha hybrid saralikaranalu kooda unnaayi. idhi saadhaaranamgaa mudranaku badulugaa chetivraatalo upayoginchabadutundi, mariyu eee aksharaalanu "ryakuji" ("sankshipta aksharalu") anie pilustaaru. udaaharanaku, "tuu" anie uchcharistaaru, rendintinee "kakike" anie pilustaaru, endukante ivi rendoo praamaanika aksharalu, conny praamaanikam kaani aksharamtho (: loe unna) bharti cheyadam anedi "ryakuji".
vivaadaalu.
eee paddhati yokka nyaayavaadulu idhi kantentnu chadavadaanni sulabhataram chestundani mariyu vistruta prekshakulanu aakarshistundani vivaristaaru, ayithe vimarsakulu idhi alasatvamgaa undani mariyu saampradaaya samskrutini naasanam chestundani vaadistaaru. inca, "majegaki" vimarsinchabadindi, endukante konni vishayaalalo idhi vachananni chadavadam marinta kashtataram chestundi, endukante "hiragana" (ledhaa "katakana") anedi oka vishaya padamlo bhaagam kaadaa, ledhaa avi "okurigaanaa" ledhaa vyaakarana vidhini (inflection ledhaa kanaalu) nirvahistunnaya anedi spashtamgaa ledhu.
avi dhwani pratyaamnaayaalu kabatti, "majegaki" mariyu "kakike" upayoginchadamlo samasyalalo okati aksharaala nundi padam yokka asalu ardham spashtamgaa ledhu. "kanji" sabdaanni mariyu ardhaanni kaligi untundi, mariyu chaalaa sammelanaalu rendintinee kalapadam dwara srushtinchabadataayi ("eetjee" saadhaaranamgaa dhwanini matrame upayogistundi, mariyu jukujikun saadhaaranamgaa ardhaanni matrame upayogistundi). udaaharanaku, "hutton" antey 'rip', conny "kaanaa" thaan "mariyu dheeniki etuvanti ardham undadu. inca, "majegaki" uddesinchina patanaanni grahinchadamlo samasyalanu kaliginchavacchu; udaaharanaku, "shinshi" ("chittasuddhi") anae padaanni ilaa vraasetappudu, * "maashi" ledhaa "makotoshi" gaa tappugaa ardham chesukovacchu, idhi kshanikamaina gandaragolaanni kaligistundi.
kakike" anae padam saaruupya ledhaa sambandhita ardhamtho saralamaina paatranu upayoginche konni udaaharanalu unnappatikee, saadhaaranamgaa vimarsinchabadaledu, chaalaa varaku pratyaamnaayaalu puurtigaa dhvanyaatmakamainavi mariyu "majegaki" mariyu "kakike" yokka paddhatulu slopy japanese mariyu japanese samskrutilo kontha bhaganni naasanam chestunnanduku vimarsinchabaddaayi.
microsoft vindoslo vividha aksharalu.
2005loe, microsoft vindos vista operating systemloni faantlu meeryo, ms gothik mariyu ms mincho jis x 0213:2004 kuu anugunamgaa untaayani prakatinchindi. idhi vindos vaataavaranamloo aamodinchabadina "gaiji" roopaalatho ananukuulatalanu tolaginchinappatikii, upayoginchina vindos system yokka samskarananu batti aksharalu bhinnamgaa pradarsinchabadataayani, paatha nundi kotta jis aksharaala samitiki maaradamlo sambhavinchina samasyalanu tirigi srushtistundani aandolana vyaktam chesindi. vistaalooni praamaanika japanese faantlu opentype anukuulamgaa untaayani, paatha akshara roopaalanu kooda vibhina roopaala madhya marchadam dwara upayoginchavacchani microsoft prakatinchadam dwara eee bhayalanu tolaginchindi. vaastavaaniki, adob systems applications indisine, illustrator mariyu just systems application ichitaro aapentaipku puurti maddatu unna softwarelo roopaantara roopaalanu maarchadaaniki anumatistaayi. ayithe, vindos vista kosam vidudala chesina konni itara anuvartanaalu opentaipku maddatu istayi, mariyu office 2007 roopaantara kanji roopaala maarpidiki maddatu ivvadu.

