
anayasa parishkaram

anayasa draavanam anedi noppi mariyu badhalanu tagginchadaaniki ledhaa doshulanu uriteeyadaaniki uddeshapoorvakamgaa jeevitaanni antam cheyadaaniki mandulatho kuudina jaleeya draavanam. anayasa draavanamloo upayoginche mandulu sibbandiki surakshitamgaa undatame kakunda, avi vaegamgaa charyanu praarambhinchi, maanavulu mariyu jantuvulu anubhavinche noppini tagginchaali. eee avasaralanu teerchadaaniki, anayasa draavanamloo kriyaaseela padaarthaalu saadhaaranamgaa mattumandu, swaasakosha ottidi mandulu, cardiotoxic mandulu mariyu cytotoxic mandulu. 
jantuvulaku, anayasa draavanaalu injection, noti shoshana mariyu nimajjanamtho sahaa paripalana yokka vividha maargaalanu kaligi untaayi. idhi jantuvula shareera nirmaana mariyu saareeraka lakshanaala aadhaaramgaa vaati rakampai aadharapadi untundi. eee draavanaalu pradhanamgaa bhusambandhamaina jantuvulaku injection dwara mariyu jala jantuvulaku nimajjanam dwara ivvabadataayi. konni anayasa parishkaralu phud und drugg administration (fda) chae aamodinchabadinavi mariyu vaanijyaparamgaa andubaatulo unnappatikee, konni fda-aamodinchabadaledu mariyu manavulaku mariyu jantuvulaku sambhaavya pramaadaala kaaranamgaa pasuvaidyulachae vaatini kalapavalasi untundi.
manavulaku, upayoginche mandulu jantuvula upayogam kosam upayoginche mandulaku bhinnamgaa undavacchu. vaatini maranasiksha vidhinchina doshulanu uriteeyadaaniki ledhaa chattaparamaina paristhitulalo maanavulanu anaayaasaparachadaaniki upayoginchavacchu. praanaantakamaina injection amalu chattabaddhamaina deshaalalo, noppilekunda amalu cheyadaaniki eee mandulu avasaram. duradrushtavasaattu, konnisaarlu parishkaralu durviniyogam cheyabadataayi.
kriyaaseela padaarthaalu.
kandaraala upasamanam kaliginche mandulu.
kandaraala sadalimpulu anevi swaasakosha kandaraalanu, pradhanamgaa diaphragom mariyu intercoastal kandaraalanu sadalinche mandulu. pancuronium bromide (pavulan) mariyu alcuronium bromide (alopherine) vanti padaarthaalu swaasakosha kandaraala sankochaanni nivaarinchadaaniki neuromuscular junctionloni kandaraala kanaala acetylcholine grahakalanu nirodhinchagalavu. eee kandaraalanu pakshavaatam cheyadam dwara, jantuvulu ledhaa maanavulu swaasa teesukovadam maanestaaru. chivariki, hypoxia anie kooda piluvabade oxygen lekapovadam valla, medadu maranam phalitaalu vastaayi. antekakunda, eee mandulu barbituratela valla kalige antima swaasanu nivaarinchadam dwara vastuvula badhanu tagginchadamlo prabhaavavantamgaa untaayi.
anaesthetics.
mattumandu anedi anayasa samayamlo jantuvulu ledhaa maanavulu anubhavinche noppini tagginche mandulu. anayasa draavanam yokka injection nundi noppini tagginchadaaniki inject chesina praantaanni timmiri cheyadamlo unde sthaanika mattumandulu mariyu vastuvulaku komanu prerepinche saadhaarana mattumandulu kalisi upayoginchabadataayi. naraala preranalu medadulooni atipedda bhaagamaina cerebrumku vyaapinchakundaa nirodhinchadam dwara avi tama prabhavalanu chuuputaayi.
barbiturates.
barbiturates (udhaa.zii. pentobarbital mariyu sodiyam theopental) anevi saadhaarana mattumandulu. avi gaama-aminobutric aamlam (gaba) anae graahakaaniki jatacheyabadataayi mariyu naraala kanaalalo chloride chaanellu teriche samayanni podigistaayi. idhi naraala karyakalapalanu taggistundi mariyu medaduku naraala sankethaalanu addukuntundi. antekakunda, barbituratelu varusaga swaasa mariyu hrudayaanni niyantrinche medadu yokka swaasakosha kendram mariyu hridaya kendraanni nirutsaahaparustaayi kabatti, avi swaasa mariyu gunde akasmaattugaa aagipovadaaniki kaaranamavutaayi, dheenini swaasakosha aagipovadam mariyu gunde aagipovadam anie pilustaaru.
voltage-aadhaarita sodiyam chaanal blockers.
benzocane, lidocane, phenitoin mariyu tricane methanesulphonate vanti sodiyam chaanal blockers, vegavantamaina sthaanika mattumandu prabhavalanu utpatti cheyadaaniki kramam tappakunda upayoginchabadataayi. sodiyam ayanlu naraala kanaalaloki pravesinchakundaa nirodhinchadam dwara, medaduku sankethaalanu prasaram cheyadaaniki prabhaavita praantam chuttoo unna kanaalalo vidyut prerana utpatti kaadu.
cardiotoxic mandulu.
gunde sankocham yokka saadhaarana layanu kaligi undataaniki raktamlo ayan teesukovadam yokka saadhaarana sthaayilapai aadhaarapadutundi. cardiotoxic mandulu kandaraala sankochaanni aapadaniki cardiac kandaraalapai panicheestaayi. gunde sariiraaniki raktaanni pampinchadamlo viphalamainanduna, itara mukhyamaina avayavalu oxygen mariyu poeshakaalu lekapovadamtho chanipotayi.
potassium chloride.
santrupta potassium chloride draavanam cardiac arrestku kaaranamayye plaasmaaloki potassium ayaanlanu pravesapettadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi. raktamlo adhika potassium ayanlu gunde kandaraalalo potassium saandrata pravanata tolagimpuku daariteestaayi. anduvalla, hridaya kandaraala punaraabhaajakatvam addukuntundi mariyu tadupari sankocham mariyu hridaya kandaraala sadalimpu aagipotundi. adhika motaadu potassium ayanlu matrame muurchalu mariyu kandaraala noppulaku kooda daariteestaayi kabatti, maranaaniki mundu anayasa jantuvu noppini anubhavistundi. anduvalla, potassium chloride draavanaanni anaesthetise chesina rogulaku mariyu jantuvulaku matrame inject cheyali.
cytotoxic agentlu.
sodiyam hypochlorite mariyu formaldehydelanu kanaalanu neerugaa champadam dwara anayasa cheyadaaniki vartimpajestaaru. sodiyam hypochlorite kovvu aamlaala supponification mariyu proteinla vikruteekarana dwara kana prakriyalaku antaraayam kaligistundi, ayithe formaldehyde kanamlooni janyu padaarthaala cross-linkejeeni prerepinchadam dwara kanaalaku aakseekarana gayanni kaligistundi.
application.
bhusambandhamaina jantuvulu.
anayasa draavanamloo paripalana maargam maarutuu untundi. siralaloki injection anie ardham vachhe intravenous administration, medaduloki aushadhaanni pampinhee cheyadaaniki daani vegavantamaina vegam mariyu daani adhika viswasaneeyata kaaranamgaa chaalaa jantuvulalo saadhaaranamgaa upayoginchabadutundi. takkuva chikaku kaliginche intraperitonial injection vanti pratyaamnaayaalu unnappatikee, jantuvulanu anayasa cheyadaaniki pedda motaadu draavanam avasaram.
bhusambandhamaina jantuvulanu anayasa cheyadaaniki tii-61 mariyu phenitoin/pentobarbital anae rendu vaanijyaparamgaa andubaatulo unna suutreekaranalu unnaayi.
tii-61.
united kingdom mariyu united stateslo tii-61 yokka vaanijya utpatti nilipiveyabadinappatiki, tii-61 ippatikee chaalaa european deshaalalo tarachugaa upayoginchabadutondi. tii-61loe embutramide, mebezonium iodide mariyu tetrachine hydrochloride untaayi. charya vaegamgaa praarambhinchadam mariyu maranaaniki mundu antima oopiri peelchukokapovadam vanti aneka prayojanaalu unnappatikee, dheenini jantuvulalo matrame sirala dwara inject cheyavachu.
phenitoin/pentobarbital.
anayasa kosam pasuvaidyulu upayoginche atyanta saadhaarana aushadha kalayika phenitoin/pentobarbital. euthasol vaanijya utpattilo roadamine bii dye, draavanaanni spashtamgaa vaeru cheyadaaniki jodinchina fluorescent dye, alaage propylene glycol, eethail alkahal, benzyl alkahal, neeru mariyu kaavalasina pihech saadhinchadaaniki avasaramaina sodiyam hydroxide mariyu hydrochloric aamlam untaayi. sampradaaya aacharanalo, eee kalayika aushadham sirala dwara inject cheyabadutundi. ayithe, intravenous injection jantuvuku asoukaryaanni kaligiste, intraperitonial mariyu intracardiac injection vanti pratyaamnaaya marganni upayoginchavacchu.
manushulu.
chikitsa upayogaalu.
anayasa draavanaalaloo konni kriyaaseela aushadha padaardhaalu vyaadhula chikitsa kosam suuchimchinappudu maanavulapai chikitsa prabhavalanu chuuputaayi. udaaharanaku, theopental mariyu pentobarbital barbituratelu; theopentalnu anaesthesia, muurcha mariyu intracronial ottidi taggimpu kosam upayoginchavacchu, ayithe pentobarbital nidralemi mariyu muurcha kosam upayoginchabadutundi. maroka aushadham, phenitoin, muurchalaku chikitsa cheyadaaniki anty convalsant.
eee mandulu pradhanamgaa kendra naadii vyavastha medadupai panicheestaayi kabatti, konni deshaalu vaatini maranasikshala kosam upayogistunnaayi.
amalu.
vividha deshaalu vividha amalu paddhatulanu avalambistaayi. veetilo okati 3-drugg cactail.
3-drugg kaakteyilnu 1970laloe vaidya pariseelakudu jay chapman pratipaadinchaaru. eee paddhati prakaram, modata anaesthetics ivvabadutundi. mandulu barbiturate (udhaa.zii. sodiyam theopental ledhaa midazolam). appudu, shareera kandaraalanu pakshavaatam cheyadaaniki pakshavaatam kaliginche agentlanu inject chestaaru. anduvalla, neuromuscular blocking agents (udhaa.zii. vacuronium bromide) upayoginchabadutundi. chivariki, gundenu aapadaniki potassium chloride upayoginchabadutundi. paina perkonna mandulannee sirala dwara ivvabadataayi.
anayasa.
anayasa draavanam yokka intravenous administration anedi amalu kosam praanaantakamaina injection maadirigaane untundi. belgiumlo, gatha rendu dasabdaluga barbituratelu mariyu neuromuscular sadalimpulu ekkuvagaa upayoginchabadutunnaayi mariyu eee kalayika atyanta saadhaarana abhyasamga undhi. ayinappatikee, prastuta anayasa maargadarsakaalalo potassium chloride draavanam sifaarsu cheyabadaledu.
intravenous administration kakunda, anayasa draavanaanni maanavulu noti dwara teesukovachhu. anayasa mandulu unna podini oka glassu neetilo kariginchadam dwara dheenini tayaaru cheyavachu. rogiki mingadamlo ibbandi unte, anayasa draavanaanni feeding tube dwara pampinhee cheyavachu. asahyakaramaina ruchi kaaranamgaa vaantulu mariyu badhanu nivaarinchadaaniki, rogiki anayasa draavanam traagadaaniki mundu antimatic mandulu ivvabadataayi. antekakunda, chocolate mariyu pandla rasam vanti ruchikaramaina paaneeyaalu kooda rogiki taruvaata ivvabadataayi.
jala jantuvulu.
anayasa draavanamlooni konni padaarthaalu jala jantuvula anaayaasaku upayogakaramgaa unnappatikee, vaatini iteevala fda aamodinchaledu. saadhaarana aacharanalo, jala jantuvulanu anukuuleekarinchina anayasa draavanamloo nimajjanam cheyadam dwara anayasa chestaaru. karigina kriyaaseela padaarthaalu vaati prabhavalanu chuupadaaniki mundu chepalu teesukovadam mariyu charmam chochukupovadam dwara grahinchabadataayi. sammelana immersion draavanam kosam tagina anayasa mandulanu enchukunetappudu neeti tanklo kriyaaseela padaarthaala ekagrata mariyu neeti naanhyatanu parigananaloki teesukoovaali.
immersion draavanam yokka suutreekarana chepala vayassu mariyu jaatulanu batti maarutuu untundi. udaaharanaku, gbrafish pindaalanu noppilekunda champadaaniki bleach upayoginchabadutundi, ayithe ethanol mariyu eugenol vanti anaesthetics yokka praanaantaka motaadulanu vayojana gbrafish kosam immersion draavanamloo vartimpajestaaru.
sambandhita samasyalu.
maanava maranasiksha kosam mandula samasyalu.
paddhati viswasaneeyata, aushadha shakti mariyu amalu sibbandi arhata gurinchi sandehaalu unnaayi.
mottamodatagaa, 3-aushadha kaakteyilnu upayoginche mundu daani samarthatha mariyu viswasaneeyata kosam pareekshinchaledu. baadhaakaramaina ledhaa viphalamaina maranam nivedinchabadindani, aushadhaala anukuulata gurinchi aandolanalanu penchutundi.
rendavadi, enchukunna mattumandu yokka prabhavam swalpakaalikamgaa undavacchu mariyu uriteeyabadina vyakti maranaaniki mundu gundello manta yokka teevramaina anubhootini anubhavinchavacchu. edemaina, pakshavaatam kaliginche agent yokka prabhavam doshi atuvanti bhavanni vyaktam cheyakunda nirodhistundi. anduvalla, maranasikshalo sodiyam theopental mariyu pakshavaatam kaliginche agentla vaadakaaniki vyatiraekamgaa vyajyalu daakhalu cheyabaddaayi.
moodavadi, sikshana laeni amalu sibbandi chetha cheyabadina lopaalu uriteeyabadutunna vyaktiki vipattugaa untaayi. noppilekunda uri teeyadamlo palgone sibbandi arhata gurinchi avagahana kalpinchaaru.
maanava maranasiksha kosam mandula korata.
iteevala, america amalu kosam mandula koratato chuttumuttabadindi. modata, european samsthalu theopental sarafara cheyadam manesai. anduvalla, samyukta raashtraalloni theopental utpattula ekaika tayaareedaaru ayina hospira, vaanijya aushadha utpattini nilipivesindi. adhikarulu okasari pentobarbitalnu upayoginchaalani pratipaadinchaaru. pentobarbital saadhaaranamgaa amalu kosam upayoginchanappatiki, daani deerghakaalika mattumandu prabhavam kaaranamgaa daani viswasaneeyata ekkuvagaa pariganinchabadutundi. rendavadi, european company lundbeck 2011 nundi americaku pentobarbitalnu vikrayinchadam nilipivesinanduna pentobarbital sarafara kooda parimitam. pentobarbitalnu digumati chesukolekapovadamto, authority konni sthaanika mandula dukaanaalu mariyu samsthalanu dheenini tayaaru cheyamani abhyardhinchindi. ayinappatikee, sthaanika utpattula naanhyataku haamii ivvabadakapovacchu mariyu konni nivedikala dwara velladinchinatlugaa, utpattulu kalushitamai undavacchu ledhaa taginanta saktivantamgaa undakapovachhu.
janthu anayasa kosam mandula korata.
pentobarbital labhyata taggadamtho, janthu anayasanu nirvahinchadam oka savaluga maarutundi. konni pentobarbital utpattulaku subsidy istamani fda vaagdaanam cheyagaa, pasuvaidyulu pratyaamnaaya aushadhaala kosam chuustunnaaru. vaaru intravenous injection dwara catamine, gylagine mariyu propopholnu ivvavacchu ledhaa isophlarane mariyu sevoflerane vanti jantuvulaku peelchadaaniki mattumandu ivvavacchu.
pentobarbital adhika motaadu.
anayasa draavanaanni durviniyogam cheyadamlo pentobarbital adhika motaadu saadhaaranam. saadhaaranamgaa, rogulu online dukaanaala nundi euthasol mariyu nembutal vanti pentobarbital kaligina vaanijya utpattulanu konugolu chesi, uddeshapoorvakamgaa praanaantaka motaadunu teesukunnaru. ekkuvagaa, rogulu kuppakulipotaru mariyu 30 nimishala nundi 1 gantalopu komaalo padataaru, appudu vaari swaasa aagipotundi mariyu phalitamgaa gunde aagipotundi.
vaidya chikitsah 
eee sandarbhaalalo maranaaniki pentobarbital accounting yokka sagatu saandrata 30 mg/l gaa anchanaa veyabadindi mariyu paina perkonna rogulu eee sagatu viluva kante ekkuva seeram saandratanu kaligi unnaaru. prarambha cpr mariyu vaidya jokyam dwara, maranam nivaarinchabadindi mariyu puurtigaa kolukovadam saadhyamaindi.
chattaparamaina samasyalu.
eee vibhagam aushadha konugolu ledhaa paripalanaku sambandhinchina konni nibandhanalanu jabita chestundi.
ii.ii. dii. yea. yuu. ess. drugg enforcement administration suuchistumdi, csa niyantrita padaarthaala chattanni suuchistumdi.

