mukaddima

mukaddima ("parichayam"), dheenini ibn khaldun () yokka mukaddima ledhaa ibn khaldun yokka prolegomina () anie kooda pilustaaru, idhi musaida arab charitrakaarudu ibn khaldun raasina pustakam, idhi saarvatrika charitra yokka drukpathaanni andistundi. kontamandi aadhunika aalochanaaparulu dheenini saamaajika shaastram, janabha mariyu saamskrutika charitra yokka saamaajika saastraalatoe vyavaharinchae modati rachanaga chuustaaru. mukaddima" islaamik vedaantasaastram, charitra, charitra tatvasaastram, aardhikasaastram, raajakeeya siddhaantam mariyu paryaavarana shaastram gurinchi kooda vivaristundi. idhi saamaajika darvinism mariyu darvinism yokka puurvagaami ledhaa prarambha pratinidhigaa kooda varninchabadindi.
ibn khaldun musaida thana prapancha charitra pranaalikaabaddhamaina rachana yokka parichayam mariyu modati pustakamgaa eee rachananu rachinchaadu, "kitab all-aibar" ("paataala pustakam"; puurti sheershikah "kitabu ell-aibari vaa diwani ell-mubtada 'wall-habar phii ayami ell-arab wall-ajam wall-barbar, waman asarhum minn dhaavi shaa-shaltani ell-akbar", i.ii.: "paataala pustakam, arabbulu, vidaeseeyulu, berberlu, vaari saktivantamaina samakaaleenula charitralo prarambhalu, sanghatanala rikaardu"), conny appatike ayana jeevitakaalamlo idhi swatantra rachanaga pariganinchabadindi.
vyutpatti.
mukaddima () anedi oka arabic padam, idhi oka pedda rachananu parichayam cheyadaaniki "prastaavana" ledhaa "parichayam" anie ardham.
mukaddima" yokka charitra.
ibn khaldun "mukaddima" yokka modati samskarananu kalat ibn salamalo raasaadu, akkada athanu raajakeeya jeevitam nundi vaidoligina taruvaata daadaapu naalugu samvatsaraalu ontarigaa unnadu. daadaapu muppai samvatsaraalu ayana panichesina project yokka moodu bhagalalo idhi modatidih athani "kitab all-aibar", daani aadhunika editionloo 500 paejeela padihedu samputaalanu nimpina saarvatrika charitra yokka bhaarii rachana. mukaddima" yokka musaida musaida puurtayimdi. mukaddima yokka ibn khaldun jeevitakaalamlo coppy cheyabadina "mukaddima" yokka vraatapratulu unnaayi, vaatilo chaalaa varaku swalpa gamanikalu ledhaa cherpulanu santakam chesaayi.
mukaddima" loe, ibn khaldun oka "kotta shaastram" gurinchi vivarinchaadu, daani chuttoo athanu padavee viramana chese varaku rahasyamgaa unchaadu, idhi athanu "umran" () anie piliche daani adhyayanam kosam oka kotta shaastram. eee kotta shaastram, "ilm all-umran" (Âilm al-Âumrān), greco-arab tatvasaastram meeda aadharapadi undhi mariyu charitra antataa manavjati mariyu samajam yokka parinaamaanni adhyayanam cheyadaaniki, mukhyamgaa chaaritraka, anubhavika, hetubaddhamaina mariyu pradarsanaatmakamaina paddhatini upayoginchadaaniki prayatnistundi. 
rajakeeyaalu mariyu mataaniki sambandhinchi ibn khaldun yokka vilakshana mitatvam dwara roopondinchabadina "mukaddima"-idhi vraayabadina modati konni sataabdaalaloo ekkuva utsaaham ledhaa spashtamaina satrutvam lekunda edurkondi. idhi iddaru moraco rachayitalu, mohammed ibn all-sakkak (d. 1413) mariyu yakub bii. moosa all-seyatani, conny mohammed bii. allie ibn all-azrak (d. 1496) thana "badaayi all-silk feetaba all-mulk" () loe samruddhiga utamkistuu, thana rachananu spashtamgaa aamodinchina magreb yokka ekaika samakaaleena rachayita.
idhi eejiptu nundi vacchina rachanalalo ekkuvagaa udaharinchabadindi, dheenini all-makriji (1364-1442) mariyu ibn amar vanti shishyulu jarupukunnaru, mariyu ibn hazar all-askhalani mariyu athani yajamani noor all-dhin all-haitami vanti itarula satrutvaanni edurkonnaru.
taruvaati sataabdaalaloo, khaldun aneka jeevita charitra nighantuvulalo-mukhyamgaa ahmed mohammed all-makwari yokka nighantuvulalo-raajakeeya charitrapai adhikaramga varninchabadina pramukhamgaa kanipinchindi, conny "mukaddima" ekkuvagaa kanipinchaledu.
catip selebeetho sahaa ottoman charitrakaarulu (mama. 1657) mariyu mustafa naima (mama. 1716) mukaddima looni saamaajika mariyu raajakeeya siddhaantaalanu viluvainadigaa bhaavinchaaru, conny vaatini vaari swantha samajam yokka vislaeshanhaloo vartimpajeyaledu. aaru adhyayalalo modati aidu ottoman turkish loki anuvadinchabaddaayi (d. 1749), mariyu aarava adhyayanni ahmed sevdet (mama. 1895); puurti anuvaadam 1860/61 prachurinchabadindi.
mukaddima" modatisaarigaa modatisaarigaa kairoloni bulak presslo, rifa 'aaa aut-tahtavi nundi keelakamaina maddatutoe, mariyu oka dasaabdam taruvaata "kitab all-iber" yokka edu-valuemla samitilo modati valuemga, swatantra valuemlo mudrinchabadindi.
charitra mariyu saamaajika saastraala rangaaniki ibn khaldun yokka khachitamgaa shaastreeya sahakaram pantommidava sataabdam chivari varaku muslim prapanchamlo puurtigaa gurtinchabadaledu" anie abdeselam cheddadi muginchaaru."
mukaddima" modatisaarigaa fraanslo pakshika turkish anuvaadam dwara kanugonabadindi (d. 1749). 1749), kairolo modati prachurana jarigina taruvaati samvatsaram, etiyanne-maark quatremere "muqaddima" yokka arabic vachanam yokka editionnu paarislo moodu samputaalugaa "less prolegomens dii 'ebn khaldown" paerutoe mudrinchaaru."vilium mcguckin dii slane slane moodu samputaalugaa oka french anuvaadaanni prachurinchaadu, dheenini aziz all-ajme ibn khaldun yokka vachananiki uttama anuvaadamgaa bhaavistaadu.
bhaavistaadu franz rosenthal oka aangla anuvaadaanni prachurinchaaru.
saamaajika shaastram.
asabia.
asabiyya" (arabic "girijanavaadam, vamsavaadam, communitorism" ledhaa aadhunika sandarbhamlo, "samuuha bhavana", "saamaajika aikyata", "sangheebhaavam" ledhaa "jaateeyavaadam") anae bhavana "mukaddima" yokka baga telisina amsaalalo okati. eee asabiyya ksheenistunnappudu, maroka balavantapu asabiyya daani sthaanaanni aakraminchavacchu; anduvalla, nagarikatalu perugutaayi mariyu padipothayi, mariyu charitra eee asabiyya chakralanu avi aadutunnappudu vivaristundi.
prati raajavamsam tanalo taanu daani sonta pathanaaniki vittanaalanu kaligi undani ibn khaldun vaadinchaaru. paalaka sabalu goppa saamrajyaala paridhullo udbhavistaayani, nayakatva maarpunu teesukuraavadaaniki aaa praantaalu samarpinchina aikyatanu tama prayojanaaniki upayogistaayani ayana vivarinchaaru. kotta paalakulu tama saamrajyam madhyalo sthirapadatamtho, vaaru marinta alasatvamtho, tama jeevanasailini konasaginchadamlo marinta shraddha chuuputaaru. aaa vidhamgaa, vaari niyantrana paridhiloki oka kotta raajavamsam udbhavinchi, nayakatva maarpunu prabhaavitam chesi, chakranni mallee praarambhinchavacchu.
aardhikasaastram.
ibn khaldun "mukaddima" loe aardhika mariyu raajakeeya siddhaantampai ilaa vraasaadu, 'asabiyya' paie thana aalochanalanu kaarmika vibhajanaku sambandhinchinadih saamaajika aikyata entha ekkuvagaa unte, vibhajana antha klishtamgaa undavacchu, aardhika vruddhi antha ekkuvagaa untundih
vruddhi mariyu abhivruddhi sarafara mariyu demand rendintinee sanukoolamgaa prerepistaayani, sarafara mariyu demand saktulu vastuvula dharalanu nirnayistaayani ibn khaldun paerkonnaadu. janabha perugudala, maanava muuladhana abhivruddhi, saanketika abhivruddhi prabhaavaala sthuula aardhika saktulanu kooda ayana gurtinchaaru. janabha perugudala anedi sampada yokka pani anie ibn khaldun abhiprayapaddaru.
sarafara mariyu demand saktula aadhaaramgaa bangaaram mariyu vendi viluva maarutundani athanu grahinchanappatikii, dabbu viluva pramaanamgaa, marpidi maadhyamgaa mariyu viluvanu samrakshinchedigaa panichestundani athanu ardham chesukunnadu. ibn khaldun viluva yokka kaarmika siddhaantaanni kooda pravesapettaadu. shrama anedi viluvaku muulam anie, anni aadaayaalu mariyu muuladhana sekaranaku avasaramainadani, idhi hastakala vishayamlo spashtamgaa undani ayana abhivarninchaaru. oka hastakala kakunda vaerae edainaa nundi sampaadinchinappatikii, phalitamgaa vachhe labham mariyu sampaadinchina (muuladhanam) viluvalo adhi pondina shrama viluva kooda undaali (kooda) anie ayana vaadinchaaru. shrama lekunda, adhi sampadinchabadaledu."
ibn khaldun sarafara mariyu demand chattam valla dharalu vastaayani thana avagahana dwara dharala siddhaantaanni vivarinchaadu. oka vastuvu koratagaa mariyu demandga unnappudu, daani dhara ekkuvagaa untundani, mariyu vastuvu samruddhiga unnappudu, daani dhara takkuvagaa untundani ayana ardham chesukunnaru. 
athani asabiah siddhaantaanni tarachugaa aadhunika keynesian aardhika shaastramtho poolchaaru, ibn khaldun siddhaantam spashtamgaa gunakam yokka bhavananu kaligi undhi. ayithe, oka keelakamaina vyatyaasam emitante, zaan maynard keynes kuu aardhika maandyaaniki kaaranamaina podupu cheyadam madhyataragati yokka ekkuva dhorani ayithe, ibn khaldun kuu pettubadi avakaasaalu mandaginchani samayaallo podupu cheyadam prabhutva dhorani, idhi mottam demandku daariteestundi.
ibn khaldun oohinchina maroe aadhunika aardhika siddhaantam sarafara vaipu aardhikasaastram. adhika pannulu tarachugaa saamrajyaala pathanaaniki kaaranamavutaayani, phalitamgaa adhika raetla nundi takkuva aadaayam sekarinchabadutundani ayana vaadinchaaru."anie ayana raasaaru.
laffer vakrata.
ibn khaldun ippudu laffer karv anie piluvabade bhavananu pravesapettaadu, pannu raetlaloo perugudala praarambhamlo pannu aadaayaanni penchutundi, conny chivariki pannu raetlaloo perugudala pannu aadaayamlo taggudalaku kaaranamavutundi. pannu raetu chaalaa ekkuvagaa undatam valla aardhika vyavasthalo utpattidaarulanu nirutsaahaparustundi kabatti idhi jarugutundi.
ibn khaldun pannu empika yokka saamaajika chikkulanu vivarinchadaaniki maandalika vidhananni upayoginchaadu (idhi ippudu aardhika siddhaantamlo oka bhaagam):
eee vislaeshanha laffer karv anie piluvabade aadhunika aardhika bhaavanatho chaalaa pooli untundi. eee aalochana ibn khaldun mariyu iteevala zaan maynard keynes rachanalalo undani paerkontuu, eee bhavananu swayamgaa kanugonnatlu laffer perkonaledu.
charitra rachana.
mukaddima" charitra, saamskrutika charitra mariyu charitra tatvasaastram yokka paatasaalalaku punaadi rachanaga kooda pariganinchabadutundi. mukaddima" charitralo rajyam, samachara marpidi, pracharam mariyu kramabaddhamaina pakshapaatam yokka paatranu pariseelinchadaaniki kooda punaadi vesindi.
franz rosenthal "muslim charitra charitra" loe ilaa vraasaaru
chaaritraka paddhati.
mukaddima" charitra anedi oka taatvika shaastram anie perkondi, charitrakaarulu puraanaalanu khandinchadaaniki prayatninchaali. ibn khaldun gataanni vintagaa mariyu vivarana avasaram anie sameepinchaadu. ibn khaldun yokka vaastavikata emitante, maroka yugam yokka saamskrutika vyatyaasam sambandhita chaaritraka vishayaala moolyaankanamnu niyantrinchaalani, moolyaankanam cheyadaaniki prayatninchadam saadhyamayye suutraalanu vaeru cheyadaaniki, chivaraga, gatha samskrutini anchanaa vaeyadaaniki hetubaddhamaina suutraalatoe paatu anubhavam yokka avasaranni anubhooti chendadaaniki. ibn khaldun tarachugaa "panilekunda unna moodhanammakam mariyu chaaritraka samacharanni vimarsanaatmakamgaa angeekarinchadam" nii vimarsinchaaru. phalitamgaa, athanu charitra adhyayanaaniki oka shaastreeya paddhatini pravesapettaadu, idhi "thana yuganiki kottadi" gaa pariganinchabadindi, mariyu athanu tarachugaa daanini thana "kotta shaastram" gaa paerkonnaadu, ippudu idhi charitra rachanatho mudipadi undhi.
charitra yokka tatvasaastram.
ibn khaldun charitra tatvasaastraaniki maargadarsakudigaa pariganinchabaddaadu. davud "mukaddima" paie ilaa vraasaadu
vyavasthaagata pakshapaatam.
mukaddima" saakshyaala pramaanaanni prabhaavitam cheyadamlo vyavasthaagata pakshapaatam yokka paatranu nokki cheppindi. asoukaryamaina vaadanalanu edurkonnappudu sakshyam yokka pramaanaanni penchadam mariyu sahetukamaina ledhaa soukaryavantamaina vaadanalu icchinappudu daanini sadalinchadam valla kalige prabhavam gurinchi khaldun chaalaa aandolana chendaadu. athanu nyaayavetta, mariyu konnisaarlu athanu gowravinchani vaadanala aadhaaramgaa balavantam cheyabadindani bhaavinchina teerpulalo ayishtamgaa palgonnadu. all-makriji (1364-1442) thoo paatu, charitra srushtilo pakshapaataalanu kramabaddhamgaa adhyayanam cheyadaaniki mariyu lekkinchadaaniki ibn khaldun chesina kendrikruta prayatnam 19va sataabdapu germanylo georg hegel, carle marks mariyu friedrich neetsche mariyu arnald zhe. varaku mallee kanipinchaledu. toinby, 20va sataabdapu british charitrakaarudu.
charitra antataa, chaaritraka sanghatanalanu sanchalanaatmakamgaa marchadam, mukhyamgaa sankhyaaparamaina vyaktulanu atisayokti cheyadam charitrakaarulaku enduku saadhaaranam anie kooda ibn khaldun pariseelinchaaruh
islaamik vedaantasaastram.
mukaddima" loe islaamik vedaantasaastrampai charchalu unnaayi, ivi ibn khaldun sunni islaamik aalochana yokka sanaatana ashari paatasaalaku anucarudu mariyu all-gajali mataparamaina abhipraayaalaku maddatudaarudani chuuputaayi. athanu neoplatonism, mukhyamgaa daani padaanukramam yokka bhavananu kooda vimarsinchaadu.
mukaddima" kalaam yokka chaaritraka abhivruddhini mariyu islaamik aalochana yokka vividha paatasaalalanu, mukhyamgaa mutajili mariyu ashari paatasaalalanu kaligi undhi. ibn khaldun, ashari paatasaalaku anucharudigaa, muu 'tajili paatasaala abhipraayaalanu vimarsinchaadu mariyu aboo all-husson all-ashari abhiprayalapai thana vimarsalanu aadharam chesukunnadu, veerini athanu "kalam looni vividha vidhaanaala madhya madhyavarti" gaa varninchaadu. ibn khaldun vedaantasaastram sandarbhamlo islaamik tarkam yokka chaaritraka abhivruddhini kooda vivarinchaadu, endukante athanu tarkaanni prarambha islaamik tatvasaastram nundi bhinnamgaa bhaavinchaadu mariyu tatvasaastram vedaantasaastram nundi vaerugaa undaalani nammadu. eee pustakamlo khurran looni shlokaalapai vyakhyaanaalu kooda unnaayi.
sharia mariyu fikh.
ibn khaldun oka islaamik nyaayavetta mariyu thana "mukaddima" loe sharia (islaamik chattam) mariyu fikh (islaamik nyaayasaastram) amsaalanu charchinchaadu. ibn khaldun ilaa vraasaadu, "nyaayasaastram antey devuni niyamaala vargeekarana ghnaanam."nyaayasaastraaniki sambandhinchi, athanu oka samaajamlooni anni amsaalalo maarpu anivaryam anie angeekarinchi ilaa vraasaadu
ibn khaldun fikh nyaayasaastraanni "avasaramaina (" wazib "), nishedhinchabadina (" haram "), sifaarsu cheyabadina (" mandub "), aamodinchani (" makruh ") ledhaa kevalam anumatinchabadina (" muba ") chattanni gouravistuu chattanni paatinchadaaniki kattubadi unna vyaktula charyalaku sambandhinchina devuni niyamaala ghnaanam" gaa abhivarninchaaru.
sahaja saastraalu.
jeevasaastram.
kontamandi vyaakhyaatala abhiprayam prakaram, ibn khaldun yokka konni aalochanalu jeevasastra parinaama siddhaantaanni anchanaa vestaayi. mukaddima" looni 1va adhyaayamlo "jaatulu marintagaa perige" prakriyaloo maanavulu "kotula prapancham" nundi abhivruddhi chendaarani ibn khaldun nokki chepparu
maanavulu atyanta abhivruddhi chendina jantuvula roopamani, vaariki tarkinche saamarthyam undani ibn khaldun nammadu. mukaddima kooda 6va adhyaayamlo ilaa perkontondihi
ayana parinaamaatmaka aalochanalu "swachchata sodarula encyclopedia" loe kanipinche vaatitho samanamga kanipistaayi. ibn khaldun kooda paryaavarana nirnayavaadaaniki anucarudu. upa-sahara africa prajala nalla charmam, acharalu mariyu acharalu eee praantam yokka vaedi vaataavaranam kaaranamgaa unnayani ayana viswasinchaadu, rosenthal prakaram tolemy yokka "tetrabiblos" dwara vivarinchabadina greeku bhougolika aalochanalache prabhaavitamai undavacchani oka siddhaantam. ibn khaldun hamitic siddhaantaanni chushadu, ikkada haam kumaarulu devuni saapam phalitamgaa nallaga maararu, idhi oka puraanam.
ibn khaldun siddhaantam, kothulu mariyu maanavula madhya bandhutvaanni angeekarinchinanduku visaeshamainappatikii, goppa golusu yokka puraatana mariyu madhyayuga bhavana sandarbhamlo ardham chesukovalani shoyab ahmed malik vaadinchaaru. eee siddhaantam srushtilooni anni entiteela madhya anusandhaaninchabadina sopaanakramaanni pratipaadistundi, conny sarigga parinaama siddhaantam kaadu. goppa golusu vyavastha khanijala nundi mokkalu, jantuvulu, maanavulu, devullu mariyu devuni varaku sopaanakramamloni vividha dasala madhya sraeneekruta saaruupyatanu suuchistumdi, conny oka jaathi maroka jaathi nundi udbhavinche taatkaalika prakriya kaadu. konni aadhyaatmika vivaranala prakaram, vyaktigata aatmalu daivikatatoe tirigi kalavadaniki 'nicchena' paiki kadulavacchu, jaatulu (ledhaa 'gananeeyamaina roopaalu', aristatilian mariyu neoplatonic antology bhaashalo) saasvatamainavi mariyu sthiramainavi. paina perkonna modati udaharinchina vaati nundi ullekhanaalu tarachugaa vaati sandarbhaanni sarigga pariganinchakundaa ivvabadataayani malik paerkonnaadu. eee ullekhanam "pravachanam yokka nijamaina ardham" anie piluvabade oka vibhagam nundi teesukobadindi, idhi pravaktalu devatala krinda unna goppa golusulo oka sthaanaanni aakraminchaarani vaadistundi. ibn khaldun drushtilo, vyaktigata pravaktalu tatkalikamga devatala hodaaku enduku ekki, daivika ghnaanamlo vaaritho enduku panchukovachho idhi vivaristundi, appudu vaaru daanini prakateekarana roopamlo maanavatvaaniki tirigi teesukuraavacchu. malik prakaram, shaastreeya parinaama siddhaantam yokka prarambha roopaanni indulo chuse vivaranalu, devullu, pravaktalu mariyu aatma yokka paiki edagadam aaa siddhaantaaniki elaa saripotayo vivarinchaali.
rasavaadam.
ibn khaldun rasavaadam yokka abhyasanni vimarsinchaadu. mukaddima" rasavaadam yokka charitra, zabir ibn hayan vanti rasavaadula abhiprayalu mariyu lohaalu mariyu jeevitam yokka amrutam yokka parivartana siddhaantaalanu charchistundi. eee pustakamloni oka adhyaayamlo saamaajika, shaastreeya, taatvika mariyu mataparamaina praatipadikana rasavaadam yokka kramabaddhamaina khandana undhi.
chaalaa mandhi rasavaadulu jeevanopaadhi sampadinchalekapotunnarani, chivariki vaari prayatnaala vyardham kaaranamgaa vaari viswasaneeyatanu kolpotarani vaadistuu, saamaajika praatipadikana thana kandananu praarambhinchi, parivartana saadhyamaithe, bangaaram mariyu vendi asamaana perugudala "laavaadaeveelanu panikiraanidigaa chestundi mariyu daivika ghnaanaaniki viruddhamgaa nadustundi" anie paerkonnaadu. kontamandi rasavaadulu vendi aabharanaala paina bahirangamgaa bangaaram poranu puuyadam dwara ledhaa tellati raagini uchcharinchina paadarasamtho kappadaniki krutrima vidhananni rahasyamgaa upayoginchadam dwara moesaanni aasrayistaarani ayana vaadinchaaru.
chaalaa mandhi rasavaadulu nijaayiteegaa unnaarani, lohala parivartana saadhyamani nammutunnaarani ibn khaldun paerkonnaadu, ayithe ippati varaku etuvanti vijayavantamaina prayatnam jaragaledu kabatti parivartana anedi nammasakyam kaani siddhaantam anie ayana vaadinchaaru. athanu thana vaadanalanu thana vaikharini punarudghaatistuu mugistaaduh "rasavaadam anedi manasika prabhaavaala dwara matrame saadhinchabadutundi (" bii-tha 'thirat all-nufus "). asaadhaarana vishayalu adbhutaalu ledhaa mantravidya... avi aparimitamainavi; vaatini pondutamani evaruu cheppaleru."
raajakeeya siddhaantam.
mukaddima" yokka parichaya vyaakhyalalo, ibn khaldun, manishi swabhaavam dwara raajakeeyamani, mariyu manishi yokka paraspara aadharapadatam raajakeeya samajam yokka avasaranni srushtistundani aristatle pratipaadana yokka shaastreeya ganatantravaadamto angeekaristaadu. ayinappatikee purushulu mariyu tegalu sambhaavya daadula nundi tamanu taamu rakshinchukovaalsina avasaram undani, tadwara raajakeeya sanghaalu yerpadathaayani ayana vaadinchaaru. ibn khaldun prakaram, atuvanti tegalanu kalisi unchi, chivariki "raaja adhikaram" ledhaa rashtraanni yerparuchukune jiguru, asabiah. khalifa ledhaa islaamik rajyam uttama raajakeeya samajamani ayana vaadinchaaru, all-farabi mariyu ibn sinaa yokka neo-platonist raajakeeya siddhaantaalu mariyu "perfect state" ("madiinaatu ell-fadila") panikiranivi anie vaadinchaaru, endukante devuni chattam, sharia, praja prayojanam mariyu maranaanantara jeevitaanni parigananaloki teesukuntundani velladaindi. rendava atyanta paripuurnamaina rashtram, ibn khaldun vaadistuu, eee jeevitamlo nyayam mariyu praja sankshemam kosam parigananapai aadharapadi untundi, conny mataparamaina chattam aadhaaramgaa kaadu mariyu okari maranaanantara jeevitaaniki prayojanakaramgaa undadu. ibn khaldun eee rashtraanni nindaneeyamainadigaa paerkonnaadu. inca ibn khaldun prakaram, atyanta ghoramaina rashtram, prabhutvam aasti hakkulanu lakkovadam mariyu purushula hakkulaku vyatiraekamgaa anyaayamtho paripaalinchadam. oka palakudini preminchadam mariyu bhayapettadam rendintinee saadhyam kakapothe, appudu preminchabadatam manchidani ayana vaadinchaaru, endukante bhayam rashtra janabhalo aneka pratikuula prabhavalanu srushtistundi.
ibn khaldun nagarikatalaku vyaktula maadirigaane jeevitakaalam undani, nischala vilasalu vaarini paradhyanam chestayane kaaranamgaa prati rashtram chivariki padipotundani, chivariki prabhutvam pourulanu adhigaminchi, aasti hakkulaku vyatiraekamgaa anyayanni praarambhistundani, "anyayam nagarikatanu naasanam chestundi" anie raasaaru. chivariki oka raajavamsam ledhaa raaja adhikaram padipoyina taruvaata, adhi nirantara chakramlo marokati bharti cheyabadutundi.
british tatwavetta-maanava shaastravetta ernest gelner ibn khaldun yokka prabhutvam yokka nirvachananni, "adhi tananu taanu kattubadi undatam kakunda itara anyayanni nirodhinche samstha" gaa bhaavinchaaru, idhi raajakeeya tatvasastra charitralo uttamamainadi.

