
iraanlo islam

pertia () paie muslimla vijayam sassanian saamrajyam mugimpuku daariteesindi mariyu kottagaa vacchina rasheedun khalifa aadhvaryamlo arab muslimlachae pedda ettuna himsimchabadatam valla iranian prajalalo zoroastrianism ksheenataku daariteesindi. 7va sataabdapu vijayam taruvaata islam sthaapinchabadinappati nundi, mangol dandayaatralu mariyu 13va sataabdamloo ilkhanet sthaapana taruvaata swalpa kaalam minaha islam iraan (pertia anie kooda pilustaaru) yokka adhikaarika matamgaa migilipoyindi. 1979 islaamik viplavam chaaritraatmaka pertian raacharikaaniki mugimpu palikindi, aaa taruvaata iraan islaamik republicga udbhavinchindi.
muslim vijayaniki mundu, pradhana bhuubhaaga iranianlu pradhanamgaa iranian matamaina zoroastriyanijaaniki kattubadi undevaaru; mukhyamgaa vaayuvya, paschima mariyu dakshina iraan bhoobhagalalo-pradhanamgaa caucassian albania, assoristan, pertian armenia mariyu caucassian iberia-pedda mariyu abhivruddhi chendutunna yoodu mariyu kraistava samajalu kooda undevi. gananeeyamaina sankhyalo iranian prajalu kooda appati thoorpu iraanlo bactria mariyu sogdia praantaalalo bouddhamataaniki kattubadi unnaaru. muslim vijayam taruvaata, gananeeyamaina pratighatana unnappatikee, islam vaipu janabha nemmadigaa conny sthiramgaa kadalika undhi. iranianlaku islam parichayam cheyabadinappudu, matamarpidi chesina vaarilo prabhuvulu mariyu nagaravasulu modativaaru; raitulu mariyu "dehkaanlu" ledhaa bhuu yaajamaanyamloni peddavaallaloo islam marinta nemmadigaa vyaapinchindi. 10va sataabdam natiki, pertianlalo ekkuva mandhi muslimlu ayyaru. ayithe, munupati pertian nagarikatala vijayalu kolpoledu, conny chaalaa varaku kotta islaamik raajakeeyaalache grahinchabaddaayi.
islaamik republic yokka adhikaarika survey prakaram, iraan yokka daadaapu anni 82,000,000 prajalu muslimlu, 90 saatam mandhi shiya islanku kattubadi unnaaru, mariyu aaa shiya janabhalo ekkuva mandhi twelver saakhanu anusaristunnaru. maroe 10 saatam mandhi sunni islanku kattubadi unnaaru, vaarilo ekkuva mandhi courds, acomis, turmens mariyu baluch, varusaga vaayuvya, eshaanya, dakshina mariyu aagneya praantaalalo nivasistunnaaru.
prapancha viluvala survey 2020loe nirvahinchina oka sarvelo 96.6 saatam mandhi iranianlu islaamnu vishwasistunnaarani telindi. ayithe, ekkuva anaamakatanu andinchina gaman yokka maroka 2020 online survey prakaram, iraanlo (ekkuvagaa islaamlo) matatatvam padunaina ksheenata kanipinchindi, mariyu online sarvelo palgonna iranianlalo 40 saatam mandhi matrame muslimlugaa gurtinchabaddaaru. wall streat journal" "vishwaasam yokka sankshobham" anie pilichedi.
iraanlo islaamnu rendu kalaluga vargeekarinchavachuh 7va sataabdam nundi 15va sataabdam varaku sunni islam majorityga, 16va sataabdam nundi shiya islam majorityga. safavidlu 16va sataabdam praarambhamlo shiya islaamnu adhikaarika rashtra matamgaa marcharu mariyu balavantamgaa matamarpidi dwara vishwaasaanni dookudugaa matamarpidi chesaaru. 17va sataabdam madhya natiki iraan, iraq mariyu samakaaleena porugu republic off azerbaijan bhuubhaagamlooni chaalaa mandhi prajalu sunni nundi shiya ayyarani nammutaaru, idhi anubandham konasaagindi. taruvaati sataabdaalaloo, iraan aadhaarita shiya mataadhikaarula rashtra-pempakam perugudalato, iranian samskruti mariyu shiya islam madhya oka samslaeshanha erpadindi, idhi prati okkati cheragani vidhamgaa marokati yokka tinchertho gurtinchabadindi.
charitra.
iraan paie islaamik vijayam.
umar (637) kaalamlo muslimlu iraannu jayinchi, aneka goppa yuddhaala taruvaata daanini jayincharu. 651loe moodava azdeggard oka jilla nundi maroka jillaaku paaripoyaadu. 674 natiki, muslimlu ekkuva khorasannu jayincharu (indulo aadhunika iranian khorasan provins mariyu aadhunika afghanistan, transoxania unnaayi).
bernard levis utankinchinatlugaa, "eee sanghatanalanu iraanlo vividha rakaluga chusharu kondaru oka aasiirvaadamgaa, nijamaina vishwaasam yokka agamanam, agnaanam mariyu naastikatvam yokka yugam mugimpu; itarulu avamaanakaramaina jaateeya otami, videshee aakramanadaarulache deshaanni jayinchadam mariyu longadeesukovadam. okari drushti koonaanni batti rendu avagahanalu khachitamgaa chellutaayi."
umar mariyu athani takshana vaarasula aadhvaryamlo, arab vijaetalu vaaru jayinchina nagarikatala aakarshanhalu unnappatikee vaari raajakeeya mariyu saamskrutika aikyatanu konasaaginchadaaniki prayatninchaaru. arabbulu chellacheduruga unna estatelalo kakunda rakshana pattanaallo sthirapadaalsi undedi. kotta muslimetara vyaktulu ledhaa "dhimmi" pratyeka pannu, "jijia" ledhaa ennikala pannu chellinchaalsi untundi, idhi sainika vayassu gala samarthulaina saareeraka purushulaku vividha retlatho lekkinchabadutundi.
islam matamloki mottamodatagaa maarina vaarilo iranianlu unnaaru, arab sainyalu pertian peethabhoomiki cherukuni, aakraminchina ventane gananeeyamaina sankhyalo vaari marpidi praarambhamaindi. zoroastrian mataadhikaarulu mariyu itara puraatana mataala nundi kontha pratighatana unnappatikee, ill-khanids vanti taruvaati vijaetalu anusarinchina islaamik vyatiraeka vidhanalu, aadhunika kaalamlo kraistava mariyu loukika paschima deshaala prabhavam mariyu baby matam mariyu bahai vishwaasam (qq) vanti kotta matha udyamaala aakarshana.vii.), iranianlalo adhika sankhyaakulu muslimlugaa maararu mariyu alaage unnaaru. nedu pertia janaabhaato sahaa 98 saatam irani jaatulu kaneesam naamamaatrapu muslimlu. atuvanti praathamika, vistrutamaina, shaashwata saamskrutika parivartana kosam, islanku iranian marpidi drugvishayam chaalaa takkuva panditula drushtini aakarshinchindi.
iteevali parisoedhanalu iranianlanu islam matamloki marche prakriya kosam oka saadhaarana kalakramanusara chatraanni erpaatu chesaayi. jeevitacharitra nighantuvulalo vamsavali aadhaaramgaa vyaktigata marpidi yokka sambhaavya teedeela adhyayanam nundi, umayyad kaalam (132/750) chivari varaku parshiyanla kramamga mariyu parimita marpidi jarigindani richard bulliet suuchimchaaru, aaa taruvaata abbasid viplavam taruvaata marpidi sankhya vaegamgaa perigindi, tadwara thoorpuna praantiiya raajavamsaalu sthaapinchabadina samayaniki (ca. 338/950) iranianlalo 80 saatam ledhaa anthakante ekkuva mandhi muslimlu ayyaru. bulliot adhyayanam aadhaaramgaa unna dayta eee namuunaa yokka praamaanikatanu pattana vaataavaranamloo puurti, adhikaarika marpidi gurinchi saadhaaraneekaranalaku parimitam chesindi. graameena praantaalu mariyu vyaktigata praantaalalo paristhiti chaalaa bhinnamgaa undavacchu, conny mottam namuunaa saampradaaya chaaritraka vanarula nundi oohinchagaligedaaniki anugunamgaa untundi. ayithe konni praantaalalo, udaaharanaku, mokaddasi sandarsana samayamlo shiraz sumaru 375/985 (p. 429), ippatikee balamaina muslimetara amsaalu undi undavacchu, bullet parisoedhana suuchimchina kaala vyavadhilo pertian vaataavaranam mottam pradhanamgaa islamikga maarindani anukovadam sahetukam.
iraan yokka islaameekarana.
749-51 yokka abbasid viplavam taruvaata, dheenilo iranian matamaarpidulu pradhana paatra pooshinchaaru, califate yokka gurutvakarshana kendram mesopotamiaku velli gananeeyamaina iranian prabhaavaalaku guraindi. tadanugunamgaa, iraan muslim janabha sumaruga perigindi. 9va sataabdam madhyalo 40 saatam, 11va sataabdam chivari natiki 100% kii daggaragaa undhi. paarisraamika mariyu hastakalaakaarula padavulalo panichese jorastrianlu islaamnu takshaname angeekarinchaaru, endukante zoroastrian siddhaantam prakaram, agnini apavitram chese ituvanti vruttulu vaarini apavitram chesaayi. antekakunda, muslim missionarylu jorastrianlaku islaamik siddhaantaalanu vivarinchadamlo ibbandi edurkoledu, endukante vishwaasaala madhya aneka saaruupyatalu unnaayi. thamus walker arnald prakaram, pertian kosam, athanu allah mariyu iblis paerlatoe ahura mazdah mariyu ahrimannu kalustaadu. matamarpidi chesukunnavaarini gelipinche prayatnamlo muslim nayakulu muslim praarthanaku haajaru kavadanni prothsahinchaaru, khurranu arabic bhashaku badulugaa pertian bhaashalo pathinchadaaniki anumatinchaaru, tadwara adhi andarikee ardhamavutundi. khurran yokka modati puurti anuvaadam parshiyanloki 9va sataabdamloo samanidla paalanalo jarigindi. paalakula pertian jaateeyata dwara matamarpidi vaegamgaa peragadaaniki sahaayapadindani sayyad hussen nasser suuchistunnaaru.
bernard levis prakaaram
"iraan nijaaniki islam matamloki maarchabadindi, conny adhi arabic bhaashaloki maarchabadaledu. pertianlu parshiyanluga undipoyaaru. kontakaalam nissabdam taruvaata, iraan islaamlo oka pratyaekamaina, bhinnamaina mariyu vilakshanhamaina amsamgaa tirigi udbhavinchindi, chivariki islanku kooda oka kotta amsaanni jodinchindi. saamskrutikamgaa, rajakeeyamgaa, annintikante mukhyamgaa mataparamgaa kooda, eee kotta islaamik nagarikataku iranian sahakaram apaaramaina praamukhyatanu kaligi undhi. arabic kavitvamtho sahaa saamskrutika prayatnaala yokka prati rangamloonuu iranianla rachanalanu chudavachu, dheeniki iranian muulaaniki chendina kavulu arabiclo tama kavitalanu rachinchi chaalaa mukhyamaina sahakaram andinchaaru. oka konamlo, iranian islam islam yokka rendava agamanam, konnisaarlu islam-ii ajam anie piluvabade kotta islam. asalu arab islam kakunda eee pertian islam, kotta praantaalaku mariyu kotta prajalaku teesukuvacchaaruh turklaku, modata madhya asealo, taruvaata desamloni madhyapraachyamlo turkey anie pilavabadindi, mariyu bharatadesam. ottoman turklu vienna godalaku oka rakamaina iranian nagarikatanu teesukuvacchaaru..."
iraan mariyu islaamik samskruti mariyu nagarikata.
iraan yokka islaameekarana iraan samajam yokka saamskrutika, shaastreeya mariyu raajakeeya nirmaanamloo lothaina parivartanalanu teesukuraavadamh pertian saahityam, tatvasaastram, vaidyam mariyu kalala vikasinchadam kottagaa erpadina muslim nagarikatalo pradhana amsaalugaa maarindi. vaela samvatsaraala nagarikata vaarasatvamgaa pondadam, mariyu "pradhana saamskrutika rahadaarula koodali" vadda undatam, pertia "islaamik swarna yugam" gaa udbhavinchadaaniki dohadapadindi. eee kaalamlo, vandalaadi mandhi panditulu mariyu saastravettalu saanketikata, vignaana shaastram mariyu vaidyaaniki entho krushi chesaaru, taruvaata punarujjeevana samayamlo european vignaana shaastram yokka perugudalanu prabhaavitam chesaaru.
daadaapu anni islaamik vargaalu mariyu aalochanaa vidhaanaala yokka atyanta mukhyamaina panditulu pertian ledhaa iraanlo nivasinchevaaru, veerilo shaik saduq, shaik kulainee, imam bukhari, imam muslim mariyu hakeem all-nishaburi vanti shiya mariyu sunnila yokka atyanta mukhyamaina mariyu nammadagina hadis collectorlu, shaik tusi, imam gajali, imam fakr all-raajee mariyu all-jamakshari vanti shiya mariyu sunnila yokka goppa vedantavettalu, goppa vaidyulu, khagola saastravettalu, tarkasastravettalu, ganita saastravettalu, adhibhouthikulu, tatvavettalu mariyu all-farabi, avisenna mariyu naseer all-dheen all-tusi vanti saastravettalu unnaaru, sufiyism yokka goppa shakh, rumir-gilani vanti vaaru.
ibn khaldun thana mukaddimaalo ilaa vivarinchaaduh
"konni minahaayimpulato, chaalaa mandhi muslim panditulu undatam oka visaeshamaina vaastavam... medho saastraalalo arab kaanivaaru unnaaru, anduvalla vyaakaranam yokka vyavasthaapakulu sibavaih mariyu athani taruvaata, all-forcy mariyu ajj-jajjaj. veeranta pertian santatiki chendinavaaru... vaaru (arabic) vyaakaranam yokka niyamaalanu kanugonnaru. goppa nyaayavaadulu pertianlu. pertianlu matrame gnaanaanni parirakshinche paniloo mariyu kramabaddhamaina panditula rachanalanu vraase paniloo nimagnamai unnaaru. eee vidhamgaa pravakta (mohammed) yokka prakatana yokka nijam spashtamgaa telustundi... medho saastraalu parshiyanla samrakshana kooda, vaatini pandinchani arabbulu matrame vadilivesaaru... anni chetipanula vishayamlo kooda alaage jarigindi... pertianlu, pertian deshaalu, iraq, khorasan, transoxiana (aadhunika madhya asea) tama nischala samskrutini konasaginchinanta kaalam eee paristhiti nagarallo konasaagindi."
shu 'biah udyamam.
9va mariyu 10va sataabdaalaloo, umma yokka arab kaani prajalu, mukhyamgaa pertianlu arabbula pratyeka hodaaku pratispandanagaa shu 'bubia anae udyamaanni srushtinchaaru. eee udyamam pertian jaateeya gurtimpu punarujjeevanaaniki daariteesindi. pertianlu islaamnu sweekarinchinappatiki, satabdaalugaa vaaru tama vilakshanhamaina bhasha mariyu samskrutini rakshinchadaaniki mariyu punaruddharinchadaaniki krushi chesaaru, eee prakriyanu persianisation anie pilustaaru. arabbulu, turklu kooda eee prayatnamlo palgonnaru.
abbasid khalifala shakti taggadamtho, iraanlooni vividha praantaalalo varusa raajavamsaalu udbhavinchaayi, konni gananeeyamaina prabhavam mariyu saktitoe unnaayi. eee ativyaapti chendutunna raajavamsaalalo atyanta mukhyamainavi khorasan (820-72) looni tahiridlu; sistaanlooni (867-903) kusharidlu; mariyu modata bokharalo unna samanidlu (875-1005). samanidlu chivariki madhya iraan nundi pakistan varaku oka praantaanni paripaalinchaaru. 10va sataabdam praarambhamlo, abbasidlu dadapuga buvihid raajavamsam (934-1055) anie piluvabade perugutunna pertian vargaaniki niyantrana kolpoyaru. abbasid paripaalanalo ekkuva bhaagam parshiyanluga unnanduna, zaidi shiya ayina buwaid, baghdadlo nijamaina adhikaranni nissabdamgaa pondagaligaaru.
muslimla vijayam taruvaata iranunu paripaalinchina mottamodati puurtigaa sthaanika raajavamsam samanid raajavamsam, pertian samskruti punaruddharanaku naayakatvam vahinchindi. islam vacchina taruvaata modati mukhyamaina pertian kavi, rudaki, eee yugamlo janminchaadu mariyu samanid rajulache prasamsimchabaddaadu. samanidlu aneka puraatana pertian pandugalanu kooda punaruddharinchaaru. vaari varasudu, iranian kaani turkic muulaaniki chendina ghajnavidlu kooda pertian punaruddharanalo keelaka paatra pooshinchaaru.
sunni sultanetlu.
962loe samanidla turkish governor ayina altigin, ghajna (prastuta aafghanistaanlo) nuu jayinchi, ghaznavids anae raajavamsaanni sthaapinchaadu, idhi 1186 varaku konasaagindi. taruvaata, ghaznavids vanti seljuklu turklu, 11va sataabdam kaalamlo nemmadigaa iranunu jayincharu. vaari nayakudu tugril baeg thana yodhulanu khorasanloni ghajnaavidlaku vyatiraekamgaa tippaaru. athanu dakshinaana, aapai paschimaaniki vellaadu, jayinchadu conny thana maargamlo unna nagaralanu vrudhaa cheyaledu. 1055loe bagdadloni khalifa tugrilku baeg dustulu, bahumatulu mariyu thoorpuku raaju anae birudunu icchaadu. tugril baeg varasudu malik shaa (1072-1092) aadhvaryamlo, iraan saamskrutika mariyu shaastreeya punarujjeevanaanni aasvaadinchindi, dheeniki ekkuvagaa athani telivaina iranian wazir nizam all mulk kaaranamani cheppavacchu. eee nayakulu isfahan observatoryni sthaapinchaaru, ikkada omer khayam kotta calender kosam thana prayogaalalo ekkuva bhaagam chesaadu, mariyu vaaru anni pradhana pattanaallo mataparamaina paatasaalalanu nirminchaaru. vaaru goppa islaamik vedantavettalalo okaraina abu hameed gajaaleeni, itara pramukha panditulanu baghdad looni seljuk raajadhaaniki teesukuvacchi, vaari panini prothsahinchi, maddatu icchaaru.
vaari paalanalo seljuklaku teevramaina antargata muppu nizari saakhaku chendina hashshin-ismaayileela nundi vachindi, rasht mariyu tehranlah madhya alamut vadda pradhana karyalayam undhi. vaaru 150 samvatsaraalaku paiga eee praantaanni niyantrinchaaru mariyu mukhyamaina adhikaarulanu hatya cheyadam dwara tama palananu balopetam chesukovadaniki appudappudu anucharulanu pampaaru. hantakudu" anae padam yokka vyutpatti saastrampai aneka vividha siddhaantaalu eee samuuham nundi udbhavinchaayi.
maroe mukhyamaina sunni raajavamsam taimuridlu. taimur eurasia gaddi maidaanaaniki chendina turco-mangol nayakudu, athanu chenghi khaan sampradaayamlo jayinchi paalinchaadu. taimurid saamrajyam krinda, abbasid kaalamlo praarambhamaina turco-pertian sampradaayam konasaagindi. taimur manavadu ulug baeg thana sonta observatoryni, samarkand vadda goppa madrasanu nirminchaadu.
safavidla palanaku mundu iraanlo shiya matam.
islam prarambha rojula nundi shias iraanlo nivasinchinappatikii, shiya ahdit yokka naalugu pustakaala rachayitalu safavid yuganiki chendina iranianlu mariyu padava mariyu padakondava sataabdaalaloo iraanlo kontha bhaagamlo oka shiya raajavamsam undedi, mortaza motahari prakaram iranian panditulu mariyu prajalalo ekkuva mandhi safavidla kaalam varaku sunneegaane unnaaru.
modati tommidi islaamik sataabdaalaloo sunni matam yokka aadhipatyam eee kaalamlo iraan yokka matha charitranu varnistundi. ayithe eee saadhaarana aadhipatyaaniki konni minahaayimpulu unnaayi, ivi tabaristan jaideelu, buwaihid, sultan mohammed khudabanda (r. shawwal 703-shahwal 716/1304-1316) mariyu sarbedaran. edemaina, eee aadhipatyam kakunda, modatidi, eee tommidi sataabdaalaloo, eee desamloni aneka mandhi sunneelalo shiya vaikharulu unnaayi, rendavadi, asalu imami shiya matam alaage jaidi shiya matam iraanlooni konni praantaalalo praabalyam kaligi unnaayi. eee kaalamlo, iraanlooni shiya kufa, baghdad mariyu taruvaata nazaf mariyu hillah nundi pooshinchabaddaaru.
ayithe, modati tommidi sataabdaalaloo eee anusandhanam charitralo naalugu unnata amsaalu unnaih
shiya matam mariyu suffavids.
vaari charitra daadaapu puurtigaa mudipadi unnanduna, iraan mariyu azerbaijan rendoo ikkada charchinchabaddaayi. iraan mariyu azerbaijan 16va sataabdam varaku pradhanamgaa sunneelugaa undevi. eee rojullo rendu deshaala mataparamaina nirmaanamloo maarpulu aaa samayam nundi mariyu taruvaata gananeeyamgaa marai. 1500loe modati safavid shaa ismail iraan, ajarbaijaanlanu jayinchi, sunni muslimlanu balavantamgaa shiya islaamloki marche vidhananni praarambhinchaadu. chaalaa mandhi sunneelu champabaddaru. modati shaa ismail iraq, dagestan, thoorpu anatolia mariyu armeniyaalanu jayinchinappudu, athanu adevidhamgaa sunni muslimlanu balavantamgaa marchadu ledhaa hatya chesaadu. sunneela anachiveta mariyu balavantamgaa matamarpidi taruvaati rendu sataabdaalaloo ekkuva bhaagam konasaagutundi, iraan mariyu ippudu azerbaijan pradhanamgaa shiya deshaalugaa maare varaku.
prarambha khalifa vishayamlo maadirigaane, safavid paalana modata raajakeeya mariyu mataparamaina chattabaddhata rendintipai aadharapadi undedi, shaa raaju mariyu daivika pratinidhigaa undevaaru. 17va sataabdam madhyalo safavid kendra raajakeeya adhikaram ksheeninchadamto, nyaayamuurtulu, nirvaahakulu mariyu kortu kaaryakartalu vanti poura vyavaharalalo shiya panditula adhikaram shiya charitralo apuurvamaina vidhamgaa peragadam praarambhinchindi. adevidhamgaa, iraanlo balamgaa unna sufiyism mariyu itara rakaala prajaadarana pondina mataalaku vyatiraekamgaa aandolana cheyadamlo, mariyu prajalalo marinta paandityapoornamaina shiya islaamnu amalu cheyadamlo ulamaa marinta churukaina paatra pooshinchadam praarambhinchaadu. imam hussen mariyu athani kutumbam yokka amaraveerudini gurtuchese oka abhiruchi natakam-tajia abhivruddhi-mariyu sthaanika shiya nayakula punyakshetraalu mariyu samaadhula jiarat eee kaalamlo praarambhamaindi, ekkuvagaa shiya mataguruvula prerepanato. mortaza motahari prakaram, safavid kaalam nundi ekkuva mandhi iranianlu shiya islam vaipu moggu chuupaaru. muslim prapanchamlooni anni itara praantaalatoo poliste shiya islam abhivruddhi chendadaaniki iraan vaataavaranam marinta anukuulamgaa undani khandinchalemu. shiya islam kramamga iraanlo enthagaa chochukupoyindo antagaa yea bhoobhagamlonaina chochukupoledu. kalakramena, shiya islaamnu aacharinchadaaniki iranianla samsiddhata rojuvaarigaa perigindi.
sanaatana sunni islam shias daadulaku vyatiraekamgaa iraannu shiya mataaniki aadhyaatmika sthaavaramgaa marchinavaru safavidlu, pertian saamskrutika sampradaayaalu mariyu iraaniyatvam yokka sweeya-avagahana yokka bhandagaram, aadhunika iraanku vantenagaa panichesindi. professor rogar ruchi prakaaram
samakaaleena sakamha aadhunikata yokka savaallu mariyu islam matam yokka perugudala.
20va sataabdamloo 1906 rajyanga viplavam, pahlavi raajavamsam loukikavaadam vanti gananeeyamaina maarpulaku iraan lonaindi.
panditudu raay mottahed prakaram, 20va sataabdam modati ardhabhaagamlo iraanlo islaamlo oka mukhyamaina maarpu emitante, ulema vargam daani anadhikaarikatanu kolpoyindi, idhi adhika sikshana pondina nyaayavetta nundi dukaanadaarudi varaku vaaraaniki oka madhyahnam konni sampradaayaalanu kantastham chesi prasaram cheyadaaniki anumatinchindi."iranianlaku sainika seva mariyu european taraha dustulu dharinchaalsina avasaram unna reja shaa chattalu, telbeh mariyu mullalaku minahaayimpulu icchaayi, conny vaaru tama paandityaanni niroopinche nirdishta pareekshalalo uttiirnulaitee, tadwara takkuva vidyaavantulaina mataachaaryulanu minahaayinchaaru.
adanamgaa islaamik madrasa paatasaalalu marintagaa 'professional' paatasaalala laaga marai, vistruta vidyanu loukika prabhutva paatasaalalaku vadili, islaamik abhyaasaaniki kattubadi unnaayi. "tolemic khagola shaastram, avacenian mandulu, mariyu omer kahayam yokka beejaganitam" pampinhee cheyabaddaayi.
devabandulu.
british vyatiraeka udyamamlo bhaagamgaa 1866loe bharatadesamloni uttara pradaeslooni saharanpur jillaalo darul uloom devband sthaapinchabadindi. idhi devabandi udyamam anie piluvabade saampradaaya sampradaayavaada sunni udyamaaniki daariteesindi. iraanlooni sistaana, baluuchistaanlatoe sahaa vividha praantaala vidyaarthulu devabandku hajarayyaru, idhi daani vyavasthaapakula aalochanala vyaaptiki daariteesindi. eee udyamam 19va sataabdam chivaralo mariyu 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo kotta taram iranian medhaavulapai gananeeyamaina prabhavanni choopindi. iraanloki pravesinchina taruvaata, eee paatasaala vidyaarthulu eee aalochananu mariyu missionary samuuhaala erpaatutho vistarinchadam konasaaginchaaru. eee aalochanalu oka vaipu baloch tegala madhya saamskrutika sambandhaala kaaranamgaa balopetam ayyayi, marovaipu sistaanku, baluuchistaanku, iraanlooni bharatadesaniki chendina hanafi matha nayakulaku madhya unna sambandham kaaranamgaa balopetam ayyayi. nedu, sistaanlo mariyu baloochistaanlo medho pravahalalo devabandi aalochana okati mariyu vividha nagaralu mariyu gramalalo bodhanaa samuuhaalu churukuga unnaayi. iraan raajakeeya paristhitiloo idhi keelaka paatra poeshistoemdi. devabandulu mataparamaina paatasaalalanu ekaruupaparachadam lakshyamgaa pettukunnaru mariyu konni prajaadarana pondina aacharalanu vyatiraekimchaaru. pertian matlade prapanchamlo devabandi aalochanaa vidhaanamlo nakhbandi kramam mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchindi.
iraan viplavam.
iranian viplavam (islaamik viplavam anie kooda pilustaaru, pertian ankalab islami, "anglabe islami") anedi shaah mohammed reja pahlavi aadhvaryamlo loukika, paaschaatyeekarinchabadina racharikam nundi, siddhaantam aadhaaramgaa (oka islaamik nyaayavetta paalana), viplavam nayakudu mariyu islaamik republic vyavasthaapakudu ayatollah ruhollah khomaini aadhvaryamlo iraannu islaamik republicga marchina viplavam. french mariyu russian viplavaala taruvaata dheenini "charitralo moodava goppa viplavam" anie pilustaaru, mariyu "islaamik fundamentalismnu raajakeeya saktigaa chesina sanghatana"... moraco nundi malaysia varaku."
islam yokka prastuta paristhiti.
janabha.
iranian janabhalo sunni muslimlu sumaru 10 saatam unnaaru. dakshina iraan mariyu khorasanloni parshiyanla chinna samaajaala maadirigaane, courds loe bhaagamaina laurie prajalalo (pertianlu), dadapuga anni baloochilu mariyu turcomanlu, mariyu alpasankhyaaka arabbulu mariyu loorlu sunneelu.
laureston parvata praantamloo ekkuvagaa swadeshi sunni pertianlu nivasistunnaaru, vaaru suffavids samayamlo shiya islaamloki maaraledu endukante laureston parvata praantam chaalaa viviktamgaa undhi. laurie prajalalo ekkuva mandhi sunni muslimlu, laurie prajalalo 35 saatam mandhi shiya muslimlu. laurestan prajalu laurie bhashanu matladataru, idhi nairuti iranian bhasha, idhi paatha pertian (islaamik puurva pertian) mariyu luuriitoe daggari sambandham kaligi undhi.
shiya mataadhikaarulu sunneelanu shiya islanga maarchadaaniki missionary panini viluvaina mataparamaina prayatnamgaa chuustaaru. pertian gulph praantamloo mishrama janabha unna pattanaalalo, mariyu sistaanlo mariyu baloochistaanlo, shias mariyu sunneela madhya viplavaniki mundu mariyu taruvaata udriktatalu undevi. pradhana shiya acharala samayamlo, mukhyamgaa muharram samayamlo mataparamaina udriktatalu ekkuvagaa unnaayi.
mataparamaina prabhutvam.
iraan prabhutvam "velayat-eah-fakih" ledhaa "islaamik nyaayavetta yokka samrakshakatvam" suutraanni anusarinchadamlo pratyekamainadi, dheeni prakaram prabhutvam saampradaaya islaamik "sharia" prakaram nadavali, idhi jaragalante pramukha islaamik nyaayavetta ("fakih") prajalapai raajakeeya "samrakshakatvam" ("vilayat" ledhaa "velayat") andinchaali.
iranian viplavam taruvaata, 1979 islaamik republic off iraan rajyangam iraan yokka atyunnata nayakudiga "samrakshakudu" undaalani pilupunicchindi, mariyu viplavam yokka nayakudu mariyu "velayat-eah fakih" siddhaantam rachayita ayatollah ruhollah khomaini islaamik republic yokka modati atyunnata nayakudiga maararu.
islaamik republic off iraan yokka rajyangam iraan yokka adhikaarika matam shiya islam mariyu twelver jaffari paatasaala anie aadesistundi, ayinappatikee idhi itara islaamik paatasaalalaku puurti gowravam ivvaalani kooda aadesistundi, mariyu vaari anucharulu vaari mataparamaina aacharalanu nirvahinchadamlo vaari swantha nyaayasaastraaniki anugunamgaa vyavaharinchadaaniki swechcha kaligi untaaru mariyu zoroastrian, yoodu mariyu kraistava iranianlanu mataparamaina minoritylugaa gurtistaaru.
islaamik republic off iraan pourulu adhikarikamga naalugu matha vargaluga vibhajinchabaddaaruh muslimlu, jorastrianlu, yoodulu mariyu kraistavulu. pourasatvam yokka aneka hakkulanu pondadaaniki gurtimpu pondina naalugu vishwaasaalalo okadaanilo sabhyudiga tananu taanu prakatinchukovaali.
eee adhikaarika vibhajana iraanlooni itara mataparamaina alpasankhyaakulanu, mukhyamgaa bahai vishwaasaanni vismaristundi. bahayilapai prabhutvam manjuru chesina himsa, vaaru etuvanti chattaparamaina uniki laeni "gurtimpu laeni" mataparamaina minority, adhikarulu "asurakshita aviswaasulu" gaa vargeekarinchaaru, mariyu vaari nammakaala aadhaaramgaa kramabaddhamaina vivakshaku lobadi untaaru. adevidhamgaa, naastikatvam adhikarikamga anumatinchabadadu.
paraayeekarana.
iraanlo daivaparipalana paalana yokka oohinchani prabhavam emitante, gatha rendu dasaabdaalalo kaneesam 2018 varaku, loukika prajalu paalana nundi dhooram kaavadame kakunda, vistrutamaina avineeti, vivaksha mariyu daani loukikavaadam kaaranamgaa athi-matha samajalalo rashtram thana mataparamaina viswasaneeyatanu kolpoyindi. anduvalla, chaalaa mandhi athi-matha prajalu prabhutvam yokka islaamik chattabaddhatanu puurtigaa tiraskaristaaru mariyu eee ledhaa aaa pratyaamnaaya mataanni sweekaristaaru... oka rakamaina mataparamaina pratyaamnaayaaniki udaaharanagaa daachina imam yokka pratinidhulugaa perkone vyaktulu (ahmed all-husson vantivi) unnaaru.
juulai 2018loe, nirasanala taruvaata, maryland vishwavidyaalayam yokka praja vidhanam yokka paatasaala "nirasanala taruvaata iranian prajabhiprayam" anae nivedikanu vidudala chesindi, mariyu "iraan yokka raajakeeya vyavasthalo praathamika maarpu ravalsina avasaram undaa" anie prativaadulanu adiginappudu, parisoedhakulu "naalugintilo mugguru (77 saatam) mandhi vibhedinchaaru, majority (54 saatam) balamgaa (54 saatam)" kevalam 5 saatam mandhi matrame "gattiga angeekarinchaaru". gananeeyamaina, takkuva ayithe, majority (67 saatam)" prajala vyaktigata jeevitaallo prabhutvam chaalaa jokyam chesukuntundani "(30 saatam, balamgaa) angeekarinchaledani, 59 saatam mandhi" islaamik chattalanu amalu cheyadamlo prabhutvam kathinamgaa undakudadu "(33 saatam, balamgaa) anae aalochananu angeekarinchaledani, kevalam 22 saatam mandhi matrame balamgaa angeekarinchaarani, 15 saatam mandhi matrame islaamik chattalanu amalu cheyadamlo prabhutvam kathinamgaa undakudadane aalochanatho kontavaraku angeekarinchaarani vaaru kanugonnaru.
mataparamaina samsthalu.
chaaritraatmakamgaa, iraanlo atyanta mukhyamaina mataparamaina samstha maseedu. pattanaalu mariyu nagarallo, saamuuhika praarthanalu, alaage mataparamaina acharalu mariyu muslim jeevitamlo mukhyamaina dasalato sambandham unna praarthanalu mariyu acharalu maseedulalo jarigaayi. pradhanamgaa pattana drugvishayam, chaalaa iranian gramalalo maseedulu laevu. viplavaniki mundu samvatsaraallo, iranian shias saadhaaranamgaa samsthaagata mataaniki taggutunna praamukhyatanu jodinchaaru, 1970la natiki sukravaaram saamuuhika praarthanalaku kooda maseedu haajaruku takkuva praadhaanyata ivvabadindi. ayithe, viplavam samayamlo, pedda nagaraalloni maseedulu prajalanu vyavastheekarinchadamlo pramukha saamaajika paatra poeshinchaayi.
pedda pradarsanalu. appati nundi, maseedulu tama saampradaaya mataparamaina kaaryakramaalato paatu mukhyamaina raajakeeya mariyu saamaajika paatralanu poeshistuunae unnaayi. adhe samayamlo, itara muslim deshaalatho poliste iraanlo varapu maseedu haajaru raetu chaalaa takkuvagaa undhi. mukhyamgaa, islaamik republic kinda sukravaaram praarthanala raajakeeyam mataparamaina prajalanu sukravaaram praarthanalaku hajarukakunda nirutsaahaparachadam yokka viruddhamaina parinaamaanni kaligi undhi. praarthanalaku hajarayye vyaktulu haajaru kaani vyaktula kante raajakeeya vyavastha gurinchi ekkuva saanukuula anchanaa vaestaaru.
pradhana praamukhyata kaligina maroka mataparamaina samstha hosainiye ledhaa islaamik kendram. mukhyamgaa moharram nelaloo hussen amaraveerudini smarinchukune paaraayanaalu mariyu pradarsanalaku pradaesaalugaa panicheyadaaniki sampanna poeshakulu pattana praantaallo hosainiyela nirmaanaaniki nidhulu samakuurchaaru. 1970laloe, tehraanlooni hosiniye irshad vanti hosiniye pramukha matadhikariga rajakeeyamgaa maararu, saadhaarana bodhakulu hussen mariyu itara imamula sainikula maranaalanu sanketha maranaalugaa perkonadam dwara viplavaniki punaadi vaeyadaaniki sahayapaddaru, conny mohammed reja shaa paalanapai spashtamaina vimarsalu chesaaru. 
mataparamaina vidyanu andinche samsthalalo madraasaalu ledhaa seminarylu, mariyu maktaablu ledhaa mataadhikaarulu nirvahinche praathamika paatasaalalu unnaayi. shiya vedaantasaastram mariyu nyaayasaastramlo adhunaatana sikshana kosam chaaritraatmakamgaa madraasaalu mukhyamaina amarikalugaa undevi. prati madrasa saadhaaranamgaa ayatollah hodaanu pondina pramukha shiya pandithuditho sambandham kaligi undedi. konni paatha madarasaalu mataparamaina vishwavidyaalayaalugaa panicheesaayi, ikkada aneka mandhi panditulu vibhina mataparamaina mariyu loukika vishayalanu bodhinchaaru. vidyaarthulu ledhaa talabehlu madarasala maidaanamlo nivasinchaaru mariyu vaari adhyayana kaalaaniki, saadhaaranamgaa kaneesam edu samvatsaraalu, vaetanaalanu pondaaru, eee samayamlo vaaru seminary vidyaarthiki takkuva sthaayi bodhakudu ledhaa mullah kaavadaaniki arhata saadhinche pareekshalaku siddhamayyaru. viplavam samayamlo, iraanlo 11,000 kante konchem ekkuva talabehlu undevaaru, vaarilo sumaru 60 saatam mandhi komloni madarasaalalo undevaaru. 1979 nundi 1982 varaku, komloni talabehala sankhya 6,500 nundi 20,000 kuu moodu retlu perigindi. 2000 la praarambhamlo, come seminarylalo anni sthaayilalo 25,000 kante takkuva talabehlu, alaage itara iranian nagaraalloni seminarylalo sumaru 12,000 talabehlu unnaayi.
prabhutvam jaateeya prabhutva paatasaala vyavasthanu abhivruddhi cheyadam praarambhinchina tarvaata, iravayyava sataabdam modati dasaabdaalalo maktabla sankhya mariyu praamukhyata taggadam praarambhamaindi. ayinappatikee, viplavam varaku maktaablu private matha paatasaalalugaa konasagayi. prabhutva paatasaalalaku mottam praadhaanyata loukika amsaalugaa migilipoyinanduna, 1979 nundi maktaablu marinta mataparamaina vidyanu kaligi undaalani tallidandrulu korukune pillalaku seva cheyadam konasaginchayi.
2003loe, abas vilium samee anchanaa prakaram iraanlo 90,000 (media pariseelakulu) nundi 300,000 (european muulaalu) mataachaaryulu unnaarani, appatiki, mataparamaina seminarylalo 40,000 mandhi vidyaarthulu unnaarani anchanaa vaesaaru. dheeniki ayana pattana bodhakulagaa, graameena praarthana nayakuluga, ooregimpu nirvahakulagaa vyavaharinchina 60,000 mandhi adhikaarika sikshana ledhaa arhatalu laeni vyaktulanu jodinchaaru."seminaryla sankhya vishayaanikosthe, come okkate 60 mandhi unnaaru. 1979 viplavam taruvaata," "200,000 kante ekkuva mullalu" "prabhutva jeetaalu mariyu prayojanaalanu andukunevaaru ayyarani abbas jawadi anchanaa vestunnaru".
iraanlooni maroe pradhana mataparamaina samstha eee punyakshetram. imamla punhyaksheetraalaku teerthayaatra anedi oka nirdishta shiya aacharam, endukante shiya yaatrikulu imamulu mariyu vaari bandhuvulaku petitionerla tarapuna devunito madhyavartitvam chese adhikaram undani nammutaaru. iraanlooni 1,100 kante ekkuva punhyakshetraalalo, atyanta mukhyamainavi enimidava imam, allie all-ridha, mashaadlo mariyu athani sodari fatima bint moosa kosam komlo mariyu tehraanlooni sayyad rouhollah khomaineeki. veetilo prati okkati poojaneeyula samadhi, vividha pramukhula samadhulu, maseedulu, madarasaalu mariyu grandhaalayaalu kaligi unna bhaarii samudaayam. imam reja mandiram atyanta pavitramainadigaa pariganinchabadutundi. saadhaarana punyakshetraala alankaranalatho paatu, indulo aasupatrulu, aushadhaalayaalu, museum mariyu imam samadhi chuttoo praamganaala shrenilo unna aneka maseedulu unnaayi. eee aalayamloni viraalaalu mariyu bahumatulu desamloni anni matha samsthalalo atipeddavi. eee ledhaa itara punhyaksheetraalanu sandarsinchadaaniki pratyeka samayalu laenappatikee, shiya pavitra kaalamlo teerthayaatrala rakapokalu ekkuvagaa undatam aacharam. sandarsakulu anni saamaajika aardhika sthaayilaku praatinidhyam vahistaaru. bhakti anedi chaalaa mandiki preranagaa undagaa, itarulu aadhyaatmika krupa ledhaa saadhaarana adrushtaanni koorutuu vastaaru, idhi aalaya sandarsana dwara nirdhaarinchabadutundani nammutaaru. pantommidava sataabdam nundi, bazar taragati mariyu diguva taragatula sabhyulalo mashad teerthayaatra chesina vaarini vaari paerlanu mashti anae birudutho mundu pettadam dwara gurtinchadam aacharamgaa undhi. 2000la praarambhamlo etaa kaneesam 4 millionla mandhi yaatrikulu eee alayanni sandarsistaarani aalaya adhikarulu anchanaa vaesaaru. tehran mariyu shirajlalo enimidava imam yokka itara bandhuvulaku mukhyamaina dviteeya punyakshetraalu kooda unnaayi. daadaapu anni pattanaallo mariyu aneka gramalalo, pavitra jeevitaalanu gadipina imamula vaarasulanu smarinchukune imamzadehs anie piluvabade aneka chinna punyakshetraalu unnaayi. iraaklo karbala mariyu nazaf vadda unna punhyaksheetraalanu kooda iranian shias gouravistaaru. eee punhyaksheetraalaku mariyu vandalaadi sthaanika mamjadeslaku teerthayaatralu pratyeka sahayalu ivvamani ledhaa kashtakaalamlo okariki sahayam cheyamani sadhuvulanu abhyardhinchadaaniki chepattabadataayi. iraan nalumoolala nundi yaatrikula nirantara kadalika bhashaparamga vaividhyamaina janabhanu okadaanitoe okati bandhinchadaaniki sahaayapadindi. yaatrikulu desamloni vividha praantaalalo paristhitula gurinchi samaachaaraaniki pradhana vanarulugaa panicheestaaru, tadwara eee paristhitini tagginchadaaniki sahaayapadataaru.
praantaala praantiiyavaadam.
wakf anedi anni matha samsthalaku aardhika sahaayaaniki saampradaaya vanaru. idhi oka mataparamaina viraalam, dheeni dwara oka mandiram, maseedu, madrasa ledhaa aasupatri, library ledhaa anaathaashrama vanti swachchanda samsthala nirvahana kosam bhoomi mariyu itara aadaayaanni utpatti chese aastini saasvatamgaa istaaru. daata yokka vaarasatvamloni nibandhanalaku anugunamgaa mutavalli vakphnu nirvahistaadu. aneka vakphlalo, mutavalli sthaanam vamsapaaramparyamgaa untundi. pahlaveela aadhvaryamlo, vakphla paripaalanapai, mukhyamgaa pedda punyakshetraala paripaalanapai prabhutvam niyantrana saadhinchadaaniki prayatninchindi. eee aacharam mataadhikaarulatoe sangharshanaku kaaranamaindi, vaaru prabhutva prayatnaalanu satruvugaa bhaavinchaaru.
saampradaaya mataparamaina vishayaalalo vaari prabhavam mariyu adhikaram kosam. pahlavi kaalamlo vakphla paripaalanalo prabhutva jokyam wakf vaarasatvaala sankhyalo padunaina ksheenataku daariteesindi. badulugaa, dhanavanthulu mariyu pavitramaina shiyalu pramukha ayatullaalaku neerugaa jakat ledhaa tappanisari bhiksa roopamlo aardhika viraalaalu ivvadaaniki enchukunnaaru. mataguruvulu, tama madarsaalanu nirvahinchadaaniki mariyu vividha vidya mariyu swachchanda kaaryakramaalanu sthaapinchadaaniki nidhulanu upayoginchaaru, ivi parokshamgaa samaajamlo vaariki marinta prabhavanni andinchaayi. sthiramaina mariyu swatantra nidhula vanaruku mataadhikaarula pravesam rashtra niyantranalanu pratighatinche vaari saamardhyamlo oka mukhyamaina amsam, mariyu chivariki shaa vyatiraekatanu nirdesinchadaaniki vaariki sahaayapadindi.
2003loe sekarinchina (mataparamaina pradaesaala ganaamkaalu) prakaram mataparamaina bhavanala ganaamkaalu.

