
bhaagaswaamya

bhaashaashaastramlo, paakshikata anedi paakshikatanu soochinche padam, padabandham ledhaa kesu. naamamaatrapu bhagalu vaakyanirmaana nirmaanaalu, "konni pillalu" vantivi, mariyu parimaanakam mariyu upayoginchina ponduparachabadina namavachakam rakam aadhaaramgaa semanticga sett partitivelu ledhaa entity partitivluga vargeekarinchavachhu. paartitivlanu "quantitivelu" (sudopartitivelu anie kooda pilustaaru) thoo ayomayam cheyakudadu, ivi tarachugaa roopamlo saruupyamgaa kanipistaayi, conny vaakyanirmanaparamgaa bhinnamgaa pravartistaayi mariyu pratyaekamaina ardhaanni kaligi untaayi.
aneka srungaara mariyu german bhaashalalo, naamamaatrapu bhagaswamyalu saadhaaranamgaa eee roopaanni teesukuntaayih 
[dii. pii. dii. tii. + "yokka" + [dp ditt. + enpe]]
modati nirnayaadhikaari oka parimaanakam padam, daanini pedda samiti ledhaa mottam nundi aaa parimaanam vibhajinchabadina daaniki anusandhaaninchadaaniki oka puurvasthiti muulakaanni upayoginchadam. eee krindi bhashala yokka pakshika nirmaanaalu anni oke anuvaadaanni kaligi unnaayi, chaalaa saaruupya roopamtho
konni bhashalu, udaaharanaku estonian mariyu finnish, pratyeka bhaagaswaamya kesunu kaligi untaayi. latin, german mariyu russian bhaashalalo, partative anedi genetive cases dwara vyakteekarinchabadutundi, konnisaarlu dheenini "partative genetive" anie pilustaaru.
bhagalu mariyu entity bhaagaalanu sett cheyandi.
paartitivlanu "entity partitives" anie piluvabade mottam bhaagamlo oka bhaganni kaligi unnaya ledhaa "sett partitives" anie piluvabade pedda samiti yokka upasamitini kaligi unnaya anae daani aadhaaramgaa semanticga vaeru cheyavachu. entity partitivelalo ponduparachabadina nps anedi vyaktigata sthaayilo "cookie" ledhaa group sthaayilo "baab mariyu suu" vanti entiteelanu suuchistumdi. bhasha saastravettalu' vanti konni padabandhaalanu samuuha sthaayi samsthagaa ardham chesukovacchu, tadwara oka samsthalo bhagaswamyamga paalgonavacchu-"bhaashaavettalalo sagam"; pratyamnaayamgaa, dheenini samsthala samitigaa ardham chesukovacchu, tadwara oka samuuha bhaagaswaamyamlo paalgonavacchu-"bhaashaavettalalo okaru".
 sett partitivelu vaati embeded namavachaka padabandham (enpi) loe bahuvachana lekkinchadagina namavachakalanu kaligi untaayi, mariyu "aneka" vanti parimaananirnaetalatoe mariyu "moodu" vanti nirdishta sankhyalatho kalapavacchu. entity partitivelu ekavachana lekkinchadagina namavachakalanu ledhaa maas namavachakalanu (mariyu konnisaarlu bahuvachanam kooda lekkinchadagina namavachakalanu) kaligi undavacchu, 'chaalaa' vanti nirnayakulato kalapavacchu ledhaa 'sagam' vanti bhinnamaina ardhamtho untaayi. itara nirnayakaalanu 'konni', 'aneka' mariyu 'annee' thoo sahaa yea rakamaina bhaagaswaamyamto kalipi cheyavachu. krinda ivvabadinavi aanglamlo vividha parimaananirneetala jabita mariyu vaati vargeekarana entity partitives, sett partitives ledhaa rendintiloonuu paalgontunnatlu
pakshika parimiti.
eee krindi vaakyanirmaana nirmaanaanni batti, "[dp ditt. + off + [dp ditt. + np], "modati nirnayaadhikaari anedi oka parimaanakam padam, idhi oka upasamiti ledhaa ponduparachabadina dp yokka bhagampai parimaanam chestundi, idhi varusaga oka samitini ledhaa mottaanni suuchistumdi. rendava nirnayaadhikaari saadhaaranamgaa oka vyaasam, oka pradarsana, oka swaadheena nirnayaadhikaari ledhaa maroka parimaanakarta.
juckendoff pakshika parimiti yokka oka samskarananu pratipaadinchaadu, dheenilo ponduparachabadina nirnayadhikara padabandham (dipi) khachitamgaa undaali, anduvalla "dhi", "ees" ledhaa "mye" vanti khachitamaina nirnayaadhikaariki naayakatvam vahinchaali.
ayithe, eee vidhanam "kukeelo sagam" vanti padabandhaalanu parigananaloki teesukovadamlo viphalamavutundi, avi bhagaswamyalu ayinappatikee khachitamaina nirnayadhikaram kaligi undavu. badulugaa dii hoop anedi enpi yokka khachitatvam kante, bhaagaswaamya addankini roopondinchadamlo sett partitives mariyu entity partitives unikini suuchistumdi. aame ilaa perkondih
 1. eah) * oka cookie
 bii) sagam cookie
 2. eah) * neetilo okati
 bii) sagam neeru
(2a) anedi oka khachitamaina vyaasam unnappatikee, adhi avyaakaranaatmakamainadi, endukante suuchimchabadina vastuvu saripoladam ledhu. "neeru" anedi oka astitvaanni suuchistumdi, mariyu "okati" anedi oka samiti amsaatmaka nirnayaadhikaari. (1bii) sarainadi endukante niravadhika mariyu khachitamaina ekavachana ganana namavachakalu entiteela samiti kante oke entiteelanu suuchistaayi, anduvalla idhi "sagam", entity partative determiner dwara munduku saginappudu vyaakaranaparamgaa untundi.
kontamandi bhasha saastravettalu pakshika addankini samasyaatmakamgaa bhaavistaarani kooda gamaninchaali, endukante nirnayaadhikaari ellappuduu tappanisari kaani sandarbhaalu undavacchu. ayithe, bhasha saastravettalu, prati okkati, prati okkati vanti saarvatrika parimaanaalanu bhaagaswaamya sthithilo ponduparachalerani angeekaristunnaaru. inca, modati nirnayaadhikaari oka utkrushtamaina, ledhaa bhinnamaina vyakteekarana ayithe matrame rendava nirnayaadhikaari "annee" kaavacchu.
 3. eah) "anni vainlalo uttamamainadi"
 bii) "anni sambandhaalalo 15 saatam"
paina perkonnavi vanti vakyalalo bahusha "off" anedi bhagaswamyamga panicheyadani, conny vaakyamlooni utkrushtata vibhajana paatranu andistundi anie kooda oohinchabadindi.
vyatiraekata.
partitives "anty-unique" anie barker paerkonnaadu; antey, oka partitive anedi oka pratyaekamaina vyaktini ledhaa vyaktula samuuhaanni suuchimchadu, conny daani podigimpuloo kaneesam iddaru vyaktulu ledhaa vyaktula samuuhaalanu kaligi undaali, idhi kontavaraku anischitatanu kaligistundi.
adanamgaa, athanu oka bhagaswamyanni saraina upasamitini matrame suuchimchagalagadaaniki parimitam chestaadu, dheenini athanu "saraina bhagaswamyamu" anie pilustaadu. dheeni ardham, udaaharanaku, "zaan yokka snehitulalo okaru" anae bhaagaswaamya padabandhamlo, idhi saraina bhagaswamyamga undataaniki jaanku kaneesam iddaru snehitulu undaali, mariyu idhi oka pratyaekamaina vyaktini suuchimchakumdaa asamaanatanu santrupti parachadaniki. adevidhamgaa, "zaan snehitulalo mugguru" antey jaanku kaneesam naluguru snehitulu unnaarani, vaari nundi mugguru anischitulanu suuchistunnaaru.
 4. eah) neenu [zaan snehitulalo okarini] kalisanu.
 bii) * neenu [zaan snehitulalo okarini] kalisanu.
 sii) eee udayam meeru choopinchina [zaan snehitulalo okarini] neenu kalisanu.
inca, saapeksha nibandhana dwara savarinchakundaa dipi partative nirmaanaalaku khachitamaina nirnayaadhikaari naayakatvam vahinchaledani, vaati asamanatva vyatiraeka aasti prakaram partitivelalo kontha swaabhaavika anischiti undani barker paerkonnaadu. 4bii) enduku tappugaa tayaaraindoo idhi vivaristundi, endukante zaan snehitulalo evarinee ontarigaa unchadam aspashtamgaa undhi, ayinappatikee 4sii vanti sandarbhaanni jodinchadam dwara khachitamaina nirnayadhikaaraanni teesukovachhu, idhi ippudu maarpu nibandhanaku saripoye zaan yokka ekaika nirdishta snehitudini suuchistumdi.
partitives mariyu quantitatives.
nijamaina partative nuu quantitative (tarachugaa "sudopartative" ledhaa konnisaarlu naan-partative anie pilustaaru) anie piluvabade chaalaa saaruupya nirmaanam nundi vaeru cheyali.
 5. eah) aaa chaakletla pette
 bii) chaakletla pette
 6. eah) aaa moodu kaarlu
 bii) moodu kaarlu
5a loe chuupina vidhamgaa nijamaina bhagaswamyamu), oka parimaanam oka vastuvu ledhaa samiti yokka bhaagam ledhaa upasamiti anae vivarananu kaligi untundi. parimaanaalu, kevalam edainaa parimaanaanni ledhaa oka samuuhamlooni sabhyula sankhyanu suuchistaayi mariyu nijamaina bhagalaku sambandhinchi konni mukhyamaina thedaalanu kaligi untaayi.
modata, partitivlaku mundu 6a vanti khachitamaina nirnayaadhikaari undakapovachhu), quantitatives kaavacchu; 6b) anedi baga erpadina quantitive.
partitivelalo enpeeki saadhaaranamgaa oka khachitamaina nirnayadhikaram mundu untundi, "off" kaligi unna parimaanaatmaka nirmaanaalalo enpeeki mundu yea nirnayadhikaram undakudadu; idhi 5elo nijamaina partitivnu 5bii loe parimaanaatmaka nundi vaeru chestundi), idhi chaakletla parimaanaanni suuchistumdi, conny 5eah vale pedda parimaanamlo chaakletla nundi teesukunna chinna parimaanamlo chaakletlanu suuchimchadu).
ayithe, savarinchinappudu parimaanaalanu bhagaluga ardham chesukovacchu. taragatilo mugguru pillalu" anae udaaharananu pariganinchandi; dheeni ardham "taragatilo unna pillalalo mugguru pillalu", dheeniki bhaagaswaamya ardham undhi.
aanglamlo partitives mariyu sudopartitives madhya thedaanu gurtinchadamlo mukhyamaina oka amsam rendu ardhaparamgaa bhinnamaina "la" madhya vibhajana. modatidi "yokka" anae genetive, idhi "charitra pustakam" anae padabandhamlo pradarsinchabadina oka rakamaina ledhaa rakam sambandhaanni suuchistumdi, dheenilo "yokka" anae padaanni suuchimchina pustakam yokka rakanni savarinchadaaniki upayogistaaru, pratyamnaayamgaa "charitra pustakam" anae sammelanam namavachakamga padabandham cheyabadutundi. adevidhamgaa, "chocolate mukka" nuu oka nirdishta rakamaina mukkaga vislaeshimchavachchu, avi chocolate mukka. rendavadi oka bhaagaswaamya "yokka", idhi oka bhaaga-sambandhaanni suuchistumdi mariyu sett partitivela vishayamlo "mottam sankhyalo nundi" anie ardham. eee chocolate mukka" vanti bhagalu yea chocolate mukkanu suuchimchavu, conny oka nirdishta chocolate mottam nundi teesukunna mukkanu suuchistaayi.
partitives mariyu suudoe-partitives yokka vaakyanirmaana pampinhee paripuurakaramainadigaa kanipinchinappatikii, cross-linguistic dayta idhi ellappuduu nijam kaadani suuchistumdi. kaani-bhagalu nijamaina bhagaluga okelanti vaakyanirmaana nirmaanaanni pradarsinchagalavu mariyu antima vyatyaasam ardhaathmakamainadi. dutch bhaashalo vaakyanirmaana pramaanaanni neraverchinappatiki pakshika vivarana laeni naamamaatraalu unnayani vose etthi chuupaaru; anduvalla avi pakshapaatarahitamgaa vargeekarinchabaddaayi.
paina perkonna modati dutch padabandham naan-partativga vargeekarinchabadindi. idhi modati chuupuloo viruddhamgaa untundi endukante eee padabandham "ditt + off + ditt + enn" kramaanni kaligi untundi, idhi bhagalalo gamaninchina sthiramaina nirmaanam. dutch daetaanu nisitamgaa pariseelisthe, saapekshata mariyu velikiteeta sambandhaalanu soochinchadamlo, vose paribhaashalo kaani-bhagalu (ledhaa "balaheenamaina paroksha nirmaanam") oka nirnetha-lanty muulakaanni mosukelle saadhaarana bhagalu ("balamaina paroksha nirmaanam") kuu viruddhamgaa visaeshanha savaranagaa panicheestaayani telustundi. anduvalla, due 'atuvanti' kii daggaragaa unde visaeshanhaanni kaligi untundi mariyu oka nirdishta 'rakam' yokka funny udaaharanalanu suuchistumdi. rendava udaaharanalo, dies anedi nijamgaa oka khachitamaina nirnayaadhikaari mariyu idhi oka nirdishta pedda funny udaaharanalanu suuchistumdi.
bhaagaswaamyaalaku nirmaanaatmaka vidhanalu.
aneka mandhi bhasha saastravettalu bhaagaswaamya nirmaanaaniki vividha vidhaanaalanu pratipaadinchagaa, ikkada moodu vidhanalu pravesapettabadataayi.
oka kriyaatmaka projection vidhanam.
1995loe, gillermo lorenzo oka partative (π) nuu pratipaadinchaadu, idhi aanglamlo "avt off" anae ardhaaniki samanam, idhi oka kriyaatmaka vargam mariyu padabandha sthaayiki prajectulu. oka partative padabandham (πp) sankhya (sankhya) dwara empika cheyabadutundi mariyu partative head (π) krindi dp nii enchukuntundi. oka spanish udaaharana krinda choopabadindihi
 8. [nump "moustos" [πp "de" [dp "estos" [nump [nump [num° ["libr-i +-os"] [np "ti"]]]]" 
 eee pustakaalu + luu chaalaa
partative puurvasthiti padabandham vidhanam.
partative prepositional frace (partative pipi)" vidhaanaaniki maddatudaarulu partative ardham oka pipilo vileenam cheyabadindani paerkonnaaru. nirmanatmakamga, oka quantifier taruvaata oka namavachakam untundi, mariyu quantifiernu soochinche madhya unna puurvasthiti eee krindi namavachakam yokka upasamiti.
partative pp nirmaanamloo, "yokka" puurvasthiti 'avt off' maadirigaane lexical kantentnu kaligi untundi mariyu ellappuduu pp kii project chestundi, anduvalla dheeniki partative pp anae paeru vachindi. partative pp yokka maddatudaarulu tarachugaa rendu setlanu paerkonadaaniki quantifiernu anusarinche khaalii namavachakam unikini oohistaaru mariyu puurvasthiti pedda setnu parichayam chestundi. eee antarleena nirmaanaaniki catalan aadhaaraalanu andistundihi
 9. a) ["tress" [n e] [pp "d 'aquells" [n "gruhalu"] "d' alla"]
 mugguru purushulu akkada
 bii) "gruhalu dii 'aquevels dii' aall" 
 mugguru purushulu-aaa purushulu-akkada
 sii) "gruhalu mariyu gruhalu" 
 mugguru purushulu-akkada
modati udaaharanalo, "mugguru purushulu" anae bhavana "aaa purushulu" yokka upasamitini suuchistumdi. rendava udaaharanalo quantifier mariyu partative pp madhya oka bahiranga namavachakam choppinchabadindi mariyu idhi ippatikee vyaakaranamgaa pariganinchabadutundi, ayithe sthaanika maataku chendina catalan kii besi mariyu anavasaramainadi. moodava vaakyamlo chivari namavachaka sthaanaanni kaligi unna khaalii namavachakam untundi. puurtigaa idhi oka pakshika ardhaanni licenses cheyadaaniki oka khaalii namavachaka varganni unchaalani balamaina saakshyamgaa teesukobadindi.
pratyamnaayamgaa, kontamandi bhasha saastravettalu quantifier paatranu upasamitini parimanatmakamga pariganiste khaalii namavachakam sthaanam anavasaramani vaadinchaaru. partative ppnii anusarinche namavachakam svayamchaalakamgaa pedda samiti avutundi mariyu mottam nominal upasamiti-samiti sambandhaanni suuchistumdi.
parimaanaatmaka-aadhaarita vidhanam.
partative pipi vidhaanaaniki daggari sambandham unna kontamandi rachayitalu pratyaamnaaya vislaeshanhanu pratipaadinchaaru, idhi namamatralalo partative pampineeni chudadampai kooda drushti pedutundi. idhi quantifier mariyu namavachakam madhya sambandham anie vose paerkonnaadu, idhi samishtiga partative ardhaanni nirnayistundi.
eee drukpatham prakaram, puurvasthiti oka kriyaatmaka vargaaniki chendinadi mariyu daani uniki vyaakarana kaaranaala valla matrame undhi. maroe maatalo cheppalante, puurvasthiti yea lexical kantentto namodu cheyabadaledu. naamamaatrapu bhaagaswaamyamlo modati mariyu rendava namavachakala madhya antargata sambandhaanni vose perkontundi, idhi oka upasamiti-samiti, swaadheena ledhaa bhaaga-mottam sambandhaanni suuchistumdi. adevidhamgaa, dii hoop anedi kaavalasina rakam dipi thoo oka quantifier jatalanu unnappudu matrame, nirdishta rakamaina partative relation nuu nirnayinchagaladane aalochananu sweekaristundi. enchukunna dp nii uparitalaaniki anumatinchadamlo "yokka" puurvasthiti keelaka paatra poeshistumdi.
diguva aangla udaaharanalalo pradarsinchinatlugaa, antargata dipi unikitho bhaagaswaamya nirmaana aandolanalanu label cheyadaaniki nirnayinche amsamha
paartitivlalooni naamavaachakaalannii oka nirdishta pedda samitini suuchistaayi, endukante vatiki mundu antargata khachitamaina nirnayaadhikaari (swaadheenah "naa", pradarsanaatmakah "idhi" mariyu "avi", mariyu khachitamaina vyaasamh "dhi") untundi. marovaipu, vaari nakilee-pratyaksha bhagalu eee prabhavanni kaligi undavu. khachitamaina nirnayaadhikaari lekunda, nakilee-bhagaswamyalu kevalam chaalaa vishayalanu matrame suuchimchagalavu, mariyu oka samiti yokka lakshanaalu upanyaasam yokka sandarbham dwara nirnayinchabadataayi. adanamgaa, sudopartive loe suuchimchabadina sett peddadigaa undavalasina avasaram ledhu.
antarbodhagaa, nakilee-bhaagaswaamya niluvu varusa krinda unna chivari rendu padabandhaalu oka rakamaina vibajananu suuchistaayi. ayithe, avi vaakyanirmaana bhagaluga vibhajinchabadinappudu, nijamaina bhagalalo gurtinchabadinappudu, namavachakam ellappuduu oka dp kii project chestundi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, padabandham-tudi sthaanamlooni namavachakam naan-partitivelalo enpi (namavachakam) kii project chestundi.
bhaagaswaamya nirmaanaalu.
pakshika naamamaatrapu nirmaanamloo "[dp ditt] nirmaanam untundi. + off + [dp ditt. + np], "10a loe chuupina vidhamgaa).
 10. eah) zaan snehitulalo mugguru.
 bii) zaan yokka mugguru snehitulu.
saampradayakamgaa double genetive anie piluvabade sambandhita nirmaanaanni berrer vaastavaaniki oka partative anie vaadinchaaru, idhi kevalam genetive markerla yokka anavasaramaina application kante, swaadheena bhaagamaina (10b loe choopabadindi) anie paerkonnaadu.
idhi 'yokka' anae sunnitamaina vadakam kante 'yokka' anae bhaagaswaamya vadakam anie, idhi sunnitamaina nirmaanamgaa undataanni vaeru chestundani barker paerkonnaadu. dheeniki maddatugaa, "maerii chiled" vanti prenominal swaadheenaalu "maerii chiled off zen zaan" vanti "genetive" dwara parichayam cheyabadina krindi swaadhiinatatoe sambhavinchavani ayana paerkonnaadu. eee padabandham tarkabaddham kaadu, endukante naamamaatraalu vaakyanirmanaparamgaa oka yajamanini matrame anumatinchadaaniki parimitam cheyabaddaayi. ayinappatikee, prenominal swaadheenaalanu swaadheena bhaagaalato kalapavacchu, indulo "mea bhaagamlo naaku ishtamaina katha" vanti "yokka" bhagalu untaayi. eee padabandham vyaakaranaparamainadi, "mea kathala nundi naaku ishtamaina katha" anae ardhaanni teesukuntundi.
 11. eah) zaan yokka chitram
 bii) zaan yokka chitram
adevidhamgaa, 11a) antey 11b) anie ardham kaadu. modatidi genetive "off" yokka udaaharana, mariyu zaan chitramlo unnaadani ardham. rendavadi "yokka" anae bhaagaaniki oka udaaharana, anduvalla idhi oka swaadheena bhagamu; dheeniki viruddhamgaa, idhi zaan kuu chendina chitraala sekarana nundi vacchina chitram anie ardham, conny zaan chitramlo unnada anae daani gurinchi aemee cheppadu.
 12. eah) zaan yokka snehitudu
 bii) zaan snehitudi snehitudu
12a) mariyu 12b) anevi okate anie ardham. modatidi oka swaadheena bhaagaswaamya, zaan snehitula samuuhamloo sabhyudaina vyaktini suuchistumdi. rendavadi postnominal genetive off "anae padabandhaanni kaligi untundi, mariyu badulugaa zaan yokka snehitula samuuhamloo sabhyudiki sambandhinchi snehitudu ayina vyaktini suuchistumdi, conny zaan swayamgaa undavalasina avasaram ledhu.
 13. eah) zaan yokka snehitula mugguru snehitulu]
 bii) [zaan yokka snehitula nundi moodu [eai]]
 sii) zaan yokka mugguru snehitulu [eai]]]
naamamaatrapu bhaagaswaamya mariyu bhaagaswaamya swaadheena nirmaanaala madhya vyatyaasam vaastavaaniki jampareli suuchimchinatlugaa, dhwani roopaalalo deerghavruttaakaara vishayam kaavacchu.
rendu nirmaanaalu oke taarkika roopaanni kaligi unnayani ayana pratipaadinchaaru, udaaharanaku 13a), ikkada snehitudu anae padaaniki rendu sthaanaalalo oke suuchana untundi. yea "snehitudu" padam deerghavruttaakaaramlo undho batti dhwani roopamlo vaividhyaalu talettutaayi. naamamaatrapu bhaagamlo, modati "snehitudu" deerghavruttaakaaramlo, 13b gaa maarutundi), ayithe swaadheena bhaagaatmaka deerghavruttaakaaramlo "snehitudu" yokka rendava udaaharana, 13c).
partative cases finnish morphology.
finnish anedi partative kesulo namavachakalanu pratibimbimchadam dwara paartativnu suuchistumdi. oka vastuvu eee krindi moodu paristhitulalo partative kesunu teesukuntundihi
vastuvu aparimita (ledhaa atellic) kriya dwara paalinchabadithe, antey, charya yokka phalitaanni suuchimchanidi anedi kaaraka paristhiti. enpi-sambandhita (parimaanam) paristhiti emitante, vastuvu parimanatmakamga anischitamgaa unte, antey niravadhikamgaa laeni bahuvachanalu ledhaa dravyarashi namavachakalu. chivaraga, oka predicatenu tiraskarinchinappudu pratikuula paristhiti vartistundi, eee sandarbhamlo daadaapu anni vastuvulu paartityootho gurtinchabadataayi.
eee moodu paristhitulu saadhaaranamgaa vaati balam prakaram kramaanugatamgaa rank cheyabadinavigaa pariganinchabadataayi, antey nishedham> amsam> parimaanam. pratikuulata anedi balamainadi, idhi amsam ledhaa parimaanamtho sambandham lekunda pratikuula sanghatanalaku chaalaa vistrutamgaa vartistundi.
enpi-sambandhita paristhitiki oka udaaharana krinda choopabadindi, idhi humo nundi teesukobadindihi
(a) loe, vastuvu oka dravyarashi namavachakam, ikkada partative cases anedi "-taa" pratyayaanni upayoginchi venna yokka bahiranga, paerkonabadani parimaanaanni suuchistumdi, idhi closed parimaanam ledhaa mottam vastuvuku viruddhamgaa untundi, idhi finnish-n anae aaropana pratyayaanni upayoginchadam dwara perkontundi, (b) loe vale.
paina perkonna eee rendu udaaharanalu partative object mariyu mottam object madhya finnishlo unna vyatyaasaanni chuuputaayi, modatidi oka sanghatana yokka asampuurnatanu ledhaa open parimaanaanni suuchistumdi. partative vastuvu partative kesunu teesukuntundi, mottam vastuvunu namavachaka, genetive ledhaa accusative thoo gurtinchavacchu mariyu kaaraka paripuurnata ledhaa closed parimaanaanni suuchistumdi.
(sii) vishayamlo, partative object anedi kriya yokka aparimita amsam dwara prerepinchabadutundi, vastuvu yokka parimaanam kaadu, endukante parimaanam yokka nishkaapatyata asambaddham. kriyalalo aparimitata anedi kriya yokka charyanu anusarinchi pratyaksha parinaamam undaa anie suuchistumdi. kriya yokka amsam pragatiseelamainadi, nirdishta mugimpu binduvu lekunda konasagutunna charyanu kaligi untundi, anduvalla idhi aparimitamainadi. eee amsaaniki parimitileni amsaaniki bhaagaswaamya vastuvu avasaram, mariyu vastuvu yokka parimaanaanni daachadam yokka prabhavanni kaligi untundi. partative conditioning loe parimaanam kante amsam balamgaa undani idhi choopistundi.
(dii) mariyu (ii) loe, finnishlo "shoot cheyadam" anedi antargatamgaa kattubadi ledhaa kattubadi laeni kriya kaadu, endukante shooting lakshyam yokka moodu ververu phalitaalanu champadaaniki ledhaa gaayapadataaniki ledhaa kottabadataaniki matrame kaaranamavutundi. (aanglamlo, pratyaksha vastuvutoe "shoot cheyadam" modati rendu indriyaalanu kaligi untundi mariyu "ded" ledhaa "und killed" vanti cherpulu aspashtamgaa undakudadu, mariyu moodava bhaavam "aut" anae puurvasthitini jodinchadam dwara matrame saadhyamavutundi.) "champadam" anedi antargatamgaa kattubadi unde kriya, dheeni paryavasanamga evarainaa/edainaa chanipovadam. detaalo, marphim "-a" anedi partative marphim. (dii) loe, "shaat" anae kriya oka bhaagaswaamya vastuvunu teesukuntundi mariyu "champakunda kalchadam" ledhaa "kottadam conny kottadam avasaram ledhu" anae karyakalapalanu perkontundi. (ii) loe, kriya oka aaropanaatmaka vastuvunu teesukuntundi mariyu kottadam mariyu champadam yokka vijayanni suuchistumdi. anduvalla, elugubanti bullet dwara debbatinnada (mariyu champabadinda) ledhaa anae kriyalo aparimitata ledhaa bandham yokka vyatyaasam, vastuvu yokka padanirmaana saastramlo vyatyaasam dwara pratibimbistumdi.
partative cases yokka kaaraka mariyu enpi-sambandhita vidhula madhya saadhaarana amsam kriya padabandham (vipi) yokka aparimitatanu gurtinche prakriya. oka vp kii aparimita thala ledhaa aparimita vaadana kaligi undataaniki ardhaparamaina lakshanam untundi. udaaharanaku, finnishlo partative cases pratyayam oka unbound eeventnu suuchistumdi, ayithe accusative cases pratyayam oka parimita eeventnu suuchistumdi. finnishnu aanglamloki anuvadinchetappudu, nirnayinchevaaru "a", "the", "konni" ledhaa ankaalatho kuudina mariyu kattubadi unna sanghatanalalo kanipinchavacchu.

