
streevaada saanketika shaastram

streevaada saanketika shaastram anedi shaastra adhyayanala yokka oka kramasikshanaa vibhagam, idhi shaastram mariyu saanketika parignaanam yokka ummadi rangaalalo linga mariyu itara gurtimpu gurtulu chikkukunna vidhaanampai dasaabdaala streevaada vimarsala nundi udbhavinchindi. technocyans anae padam, mukhyamgaa streevaada technocyans adhyayanala rangaaniki sambandhinchi, sains samajam yokka ummadi prayojanaalato mudipadi undani bhaavistuu, saanketika parignaanam yokka anuvartita anuvartanaalato shaastreeya parisoedhana mariyu abhivruddhi madhya vyatyaasaanni tolaginchadaaniki prayatnistundi. phalitamgaa, vignaana shaastram daani nundi abhivruddhi chendutunna saanketika parignaanaala maadirigaane raajakeeya mariyu naitika javaabudaareetanam yokka adhe sthaayiki unchaalani soochinchabadindi. streevaada saanketika shaastra adhyayanalu linga rajakeeyaalu mariyu itara gurtimpu gurtulu saanketika maarpu yokka phalita prakriyalatho mariyu prapancheekarana, bhouthika prapancham yokka shakti sambandhaalato elaa anusandhaaninchabadi unnayane daanipai kotta siddhaantaalanu abhivruddhi chestune unnaayi.
streevaada saanketika vignaanam purushulu mariyu mahilala madhya vyaktigata sambandhaalapai takkuva drushti pedutundi, mariyu ghnaana utpattiki sambandhinchina vistruta samasyalapai mariyu samajalalo sareeraalu elaa vyaktamavutaayi mariyu gurtinchabadataayi anae daanipai ekkuva drushti pedutundi.
streevaada saanketika shaastra adhyayanalu lingam, lingam, vibhajanalu mariyu vignaana shaastram, saanketikata mariyu samajam (ess. tii. ess) patla saamaajika nirmaanavaada vidhaanaala nundi prerana pondaayi. dheenini streevaada shaastra adhyayanalu, streevaada ess. tii. ess, streevaada shaastra saamskrutika adhyayanalu, shaastram mariyu saanketikata yokka streevaada adhyayanalu mariyu linga mariyu vignaana shaastram anie kooda suuchimchavachchu.
charitra.
judy wazkman prakaram, saanketikata bhavana chaaritraatmakamgaa swadeshi mahilalaku kattubadi undhi. eee mahilalu chepattina desheeya aardhika vyavastha yokka panta kothala ledhaa samrakshakula paatralu wazkman vaaru kodavali mariyu tegullu vanti saadhanaalanu srushtinchi, vaarini modati saanketika nipunulugaa maarchaarani nirdhaarinchadaaniki daariteestaayi. paddenimidava sataabdamloo, paarisraamika injaneering saanketika parignaanam yokka aadhunika nirvachananni roopondinchadam praarambhinchindi. idhi suudi pani, lohapu pani, netha mariyu ganula tavvakam vanti upayogakaramaina kalala saanketika parignaanaanni cherchadam nundi khachitamgaa anuvartita saastramgaa maarchindi. phalitamgaa, injaneeringnu purusha vruttigaa pariganinchinappudu aadhunika saanketika parignaanam yokka gurtimpugaa "stree battalu" sthaanamlo "maga yantraalu" vachayi. 1960luu mariyu 70la praarambhamlo raajakeeya udyamaala kaaranamgaa, sains mariyu technologyni paarisraamika, prabhutva mariyu/ledhaa sainika aadhaarita paddhatulugaa pariganinchaaru, ivi purushatvamtho mudipadi unnaayi, phalitamgaa streevaada charcha lekapovadam jarigindi. vidyalo linga moosa dhoranini upayoginchadam mariyu sraamikasaktiloo laingika vivaksha, alaage saanketika parignaanaanni purusha nirmaanamgaa abhivruddhi cheyadam valla saanketika mariyu shaastreeya rangaalalo mahilala uniki lekapovadam gurinchi streevaada paandityamu gurtinchindi. eee vargaala krinda purusha-coded saanketikatalaku udaaharanalalo united states department off defence abhivruddhi chesina internetku puurvagaami ayina arpanet mariyu manhatton project unnaayi.
united states mariyu united kingdamlo 1970la naati mahilala aarogya udyamaalu shaastreeya ghnaanam chuttoo streevaada rajakeeyaala aavirbhaavaaniki oopandukunnaayi. rendava-taranga streevaadam yokka prarambha rashtraalalo, merugaina janana niyantrana mariyu garbhasravam hakkula kosam pracharalu mahilala aarogyaanni kolpoyi purusha aadhipatya saastraalu mariyu saanketika parignaanaala ekikarananu savaalu cheyadamlo mundanjalo unnaayi. inn vitro phaladeekarana saanketika parignaanaanni upayoginchi bidda modati vijayavantamaina jananam taruvaata, punarutpatti saanketika parignaanampai vimarsalu vaegamgaa perigayi. 1970luu mariyu 1980laloe, mahilala punarutpatti saamardhyaalanu saricheyadaaniki purushulu saanketika parignaanaanni upayoginchagalaru kabatti, anachiveta janabha vidhanalu amalu cheyabadatayani bhayalu undevi. zena korea mariyu maria maise vanti aneka streevaada kaaryakartalaku, ituvanti saanketikatalu mahilala sariiraalanu marinta mandhi maanavula utpatti kosam paarisraamika karmagaraluga marchai, eee streevaada kaaryakartalu samaajamlo mahilala longadeesukoovadaanni konasaaginchadaaniki maroka maargamgaa chuusaaru. itarulu mahilala sariiraalapai gnaanaanni mariyu niyantrananu tirigi pondhe charyanu mahilala vimukti kosam keelakamaina amsamgaa bhaavinchaaru.punarutpatti saanketika parignaanamlo marinta purogati binna linga kutumba vibhaagaaniki minchi kotta kutumba rakalu mariyu jeevanasailini yerparuchukune avakaasaanni kalpinchindi.
vignaana saastraanni modata mahilala prayojanaalaku viruddhamaina videshee samsthagaa bhaavinchaaru. mahilala avasaralu saarvatrikamainavi mariyu purushula avasaralaku takkuva anae apohatho saastraalu mariyu saanketikatalu abhivruddhi chendaayi, idhi mahilalanu kathinamaina, nischayaatmaka laingika paatralaku balavantam chesindi. 1980laloe oka maarpu jarigindi-sandra harding "streevaadamlo vignaana shaastram yokka prasna" nuu levanettadaaniki "vignaana saastramlo stree prasna" nuu pratipaadinchaaru, sains tatasthamgaa mariyu lakshyam matrame kakunda, purushula aasaktulato balamgaa mudipadi unna prajectulalo paalgontundani paerkonnaaru. sains mariyu technology yokka bhavana rojuvaaree jeevitamlo saanketikata edurkontunna anni-vistruta maargaalanu pratibimbimchaelaa vistarinchabadindi, sains mariyu saanketika vruttulalo mahilaa sthaanaala patla aandolanato streevaadula drushtini aakarshinchindi. shaastram lopala mariyu lopala mahilalanu elaa merugga chusukovachhu anie adagadaniki badulugaa, streevaada vimarsakulu badulugaa purushatvam mariyu purusha prajectulalo lothugaa nimagnamaina saastraanni mahilala vimukti kosam elaa upayoginchavacchane daanipai drushti pettadaniki enchukunnaaru.
neti streevaada vimarsha tarachugaa udaaravaadam nundi aadhunikottara streevaadam varaku purogati kathanu cheppadaniki saanketikata yokka puurva rakshasudini nishkramana binduvugaa upayogistundi. judy wazkman prakaram, udaaravaada mariyu marxist streevaadulu iddaroo sains mariyu technology vislaeshanhaloo viphalamayyaru, endukante vaaru technologyni tatasthamgaa bhaavinchaaru mariyu technology yokka sanketha konampai shraddha chuupaleedu.
streevaada saanketikatalu mariyu saanketika shaastra adhyayanalu.
streevaada saanketika vignaana adhyayanalu saanketika streevaadam yokka paddhathulatho mariyu saamskrutika mariyu vimarsanaatmaka bhaashalalo streevaada saanketika parignaanaala abhivruddhitho antargatamgaa mudipadi unnaayi. streevaada saanketika vignaana adhyayanalu samaja abhivruddhipai vignaana shaastram mariyu saanketika vignaanam yokka sanketha saamaajika mariyu chaaritraka chikkulanu anveshistaayi, veetilo eee saanketika parignaanaala dwara gurtimpu elaa nirminchabadutundi mariyu nirminchabadutundi. vividha streevaada udyamaalapai aadhaarapadina technopheminism 1980la praarambhamlo udbhavinchindi. streevaada panditulu shaastreeya viplavanni punahvislaeshanha chesi, phalitamgaa vacchina shaastram bhoomini dopidi chesi, niyantrana chese purusha bhaavajaalampai aadharapadi undani paerkonnaaru. eee samayamlo, prakruti mariyu shaastreeya vichaaranalu mahilalatho streedvesha sambandhaala aadhaaramgaa roopondinchabaddaayi. streetvam prakrutitoe mudipadi undhi mariyu nishpaakshikamgaa vastunishtamgaa pariganinchabadutundi. idhi purushatvaanni vastunishtamgaa soochinche samskrutiki viruddhamgaa undhi. eee vislaeshanha saanketika shaastreeya purusha bhaavajaalam yokka swabhaavaanni bhavana cheyadaaniki linga chitraala vaadakampai aadharapadi untundi.
judy wazkman judit butler yokka linga paniteeru siddhaantam mariyu saanketikata nirmaanam madhya samaantaraalanu geestaadu. butler lingaanni oka sahajamaina paristhitiloo janminchina daaniki viruddhamgaa oka paniteeru charyaga bhaavistaadu. rojuvaaree saamaajika paraspara charyalo saadhinchina hecchutaggula prakriya dwara, linga gurtimpu sambandhita pravartanala dwara amalu cheyabadutundi mariyu nirminchabadutundi-idhi oka drava bhavana. butler mariyu dona harway rachanala nundi geesina, amade emm 'charek, vastuvulu, maroka vastuvu ledhaa suuchikatoe anusandhaaninchabadinappudu, maanava oohanu upayoginchadam dwara gurtimpunu elaa nirmistaayo vislaeshistumdih
thedaalu mariyu saaruupyatalu sthiramgaa undavacchu ledhaa kakapovachhu, vaatini utpatti cheyadaaniki sahayapade sambandhaalalo nirvahinche nirvahana panini batti. avi ellappuduu saakaaramayye aadharalu ledhaa lakshanaalu kaavu... thedaalu sambandhamainavi. avi ellappuduu sareeramlo (maamsam, janyuvulu, harmonelu, medadulu ledhaa charmamlo) sakaram kaavu. badulugaa vaatini amalu cheyadaaniki sahayapade sambandhaalalone avi saakaaramavutaayi. 
eee siddhaantamlo, gurtimpu anedi janyuvula upa utpatti kaadu, conny kramaanugata vyatyaasa sambandhaalanu nirantaram samarthinchadam. gurtimpulo thedaalu antey jokyalu, amalu cheyadam mariyu amalu cheyadam mariyu amalu cheyabadatam yokka prabhavam. wazkman pratipaadinchina vidhamgaa saanketikata kooda paraspara pottula yokka utpatti, idhi nishpaakshikamgaa ivvabadaledu, conny punarudghaatinche prakriyaloo samishtiga srushtinchabadindi. eee disagaa, saanketikata gurtimpu sambandhaala muulam mariyu sammati rendintigaa undhi.
paaschaatya saanketikata mariyu vignaana shaastram purusha projection mariyu mahilalu mariyu prakruti yokka pitruswamya aadhipatyamlo lothugaa chikkukunnayi. saanketika vignaanampai ekkuva drushti pettadaniki streevaada siddhaantam maarina taruvaata, kotta saanketikata purusha aadhipatya saanketika abhivruddhi kante mahilala avasaralu mariyu viluvalapai aadharapadi undaalani pilupunicchaaru. stree mariyu purusha avasaraala madhya thedaalu streevaada udyamaala dwara nokki cheppabaddayi, prastuta saanketika parignaanaala dwara mahilalanu minahaayinchadampai drushtini aakarshinchayi. mukhyamgaa punarutpaadaka saanketikatalu eee udyamam dwara prabhaavitamayyaayi. eee samayamlo, gruha saanketikatalu, kotta madhyamalu mariyu kotta saanketika vignaanaalu chaalaa varaku vismarinchabaddaayi.
streevaada saanketikatalu.
streevaada saanketikatalu streevaada saamaajika sambandhaala nundi erpadinavi, conny streevaadam yokka vividha nirvachanalu mariyu poralu nirvachananni klishtataram chestaayi. deborah johnson streevaada saanketika parignaanaaniki naluguru abhyardhulanu pratipaadinchaaruh 
garbhasaya cancer pareeksha kosam pop smeer vanti konni saanketika parignaanaala vijayalu, saanketika nipunula udyogaala streelingeekaranapai aadharapaddaayi. mahilaa aarogya udyama sabhyula vanti saanketika rangam velupala mahilala jokyam, mariyu prajaarogya kaaryakartalu kooda sadhanam abhivruddhiki sahayapaddaru. ayithe, janana niyantrana vanti itara streevaada saanketikatalu kooda aadhipatya purushatvam dwara kontavaraku roopondinchabadina streevaada saanketikataku udaaharanagaa panicheestaayi.
samyukta rashtraalalo mahilala vimukti udyamam samayamlo, 1960loe ummadi noti garbhanirodhaka maatralu modatisaarigaa upayoginchadaaniki aamodinchabaddaayi. garbhanirodhaka maatra ekkuva mandhi mahilalu tama sonta santanotpattini niyantrinche saamarthyaanni ivvadam dwara sraamikasaktiloki pravesinchadaaniki sahaayapadindi. dheeniki dasaabdaala mundu, margaret sangar mariyu catherine mccormick vanti kaaryakartalu mahilaa garbhanirodhakaalu kosam poraadaaru, idhi mahilala vimukti kosam oka avasaramgaa bhaavinchaaru. ayithe, 1970laloe streevaadulu vaidya mariyu aushadha parisramapai purushula niyantranapai vimarsalanu levanettaaru. eee rangaalalo purushula aadhipatyam purushulu saarvatrikamgaa bhaavinche vaati chuttoo noti garbhanirodhakaalu vanti saanketika parignaanaanni abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki daariteesindi, mahilala lakshanaalanu nirvachistundi (ivi vaari linga mariyu punarutpatti saamarthyaalu). janana niyantrana maatralu kooda eee vishwavyaaptatanu srushtinchadamlo vijayam saadhinchaayi-sahaja sareeram yokka naitika parigananala dwara roopondinchabadindi, ruthu chakram yokka podavunu roopondinchagaligindi.
paarisraamika roopakalpana, graphic roopakalpana mariyu fyaashan roopakalpana samaantaraalu vanti rangaalato sahaa roopakalpanalo streevaada pani streevaada saanketikata mariyu streevaada saanketikatapai pani chestundi. isabel prochner streevaada roopakalpana prakriyalanu mariyu streevaada kalakhandalu mariyu saanketika parignaanam abhivruddhini pariseelinchi, eee prakriya tappakah
jeevaneeti mariyu pettubadidaarii vidhanam.
punarutpaadaka saanketika parignaanaala abhivruddhi prakruti mariyu saanketika parignaanam madhya sarihaddulanu aspashtam chestundi, idhi jeevitaanni punarnirminchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. janyu saanketika parignaanaala purogati dwara, garbham, prasava mariyu maatrutvam yokka niyantrana chorabatla dwara ekkuvagaa saadhyamaindi. biotechnologylo eee purogatulu jeevitaanni oka vastuvugaa abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki mariyu dravya asamaanatanu marinta balopetam cheyadaaniki upayogapadutunnaayi-dona harway vanti streevaada siddhaantakartalu chesina link. janyu injaneering sujanana saastramlo prasnalanu kooda testundi, idhi prarambha radikal streevaada vislaeshanhaku daariteestundi, idhi maatrutvaanni stree gurtimpuku punaadigaa prakatinchadaaniki mariyu tirigi pondadaaniki prayatnistundi. aakupaccha, sahaja maatrutvam anae aalochananu paryaavarana streevaadulu prachuryam pondaaru, vaaru prakruti mariyu sahaja jeevitamto mahilalanu gurtinchadaanni jarupukunnaru.
sahajamaina streetvam yokka eee aalochanaku tirigi vellae badulu saanketikatanu striivaadigaa sweekarinchadaaniki harway enchukuntundi. maanava/jantuvu ledhaa yantram kaani saiborg yokka chitraanni sweekarinchadam dwara, saanketika shaastram mariyu lingam yokka aalochanalanu anveshistundi, lingam ekapaksha, anavasaramaina nirmaanam ayina pradaesaanni bhavana chestundi.
saanketika parignaanam dwara prakrutini marchadam dwara jeevasaastraanni corporate cheyadam kooda harway anveshinchina amsam. ancomouse anedi oka nirdishta janyuvunu mosukelladaaniki janyuparamgaa savarinchabadina prayogasaala eluka, idhi aaa jeevi cancer vachhe avakaasaanni penchutundi. 2005 varaku, american sammelana dwaipaakshika samstha oncouseku petentnu kaligi undhi, jeevitaanni oka vastuvuku punarnirminchi, tolaginchindi. janyu injaneeringlo eee abhivruddhi prayogasaala janthu chikitsa gurinchi prasnalanu, alaage taragati mariyu jaathi chuttoo naitika prasnalanu testundi. nallajati mahilallo rommu cancer raetlu peragadam anedi rommu cancer parisoedhana nundi prayogasaala jantuvulanu naitikamgaa aspashtamaina pradaesamgaa marchadam gurinchi paryaavarana streevaada vislaeshanhaloo charchinchabadindi. mukhyamgaa harway rommu cancer nivaarana abhivruddhiki daariteesthe, oncomouse vanti sajeeva vastuvunu savarinchadam mariyu kharchu cheyadam naitikama anae prasnanu levanettutundi.
biotechnologylu mariyu janyu injaneeringlo jeevitaanni punarnirminchadam anedi pettubadidaarii saamskrutika parinaamaalaku daariteese praadhaanyatanu nirnayinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. eee saanketika parignaanaala dwara saanketika vignaanam sahajasiddhamavutundi, mariyu bahulajaati pettubadidaarii samsthalalo saruku mariyu muuladhana sekarana prakriyaku kooda ekkuvagaa lobadi untundi. saastraala yokka marxist mariyu neo-marxist vislaeshanhala maadirigaane, jeeva saanketikatalu vastuvu yokka bhavananu oohinchataaniki anumatistaayi, endukante janyuvulu upayoga viluvaku velupala dravya viluvanu kaligi undataaniki punaruddharinchabadataayi. idhi jeevitam mariyu prakrutini pettubadidaarii vidhanam dopidi cheyalsina vishayalugaa kooda unchutundi.