pertian aksharalu

pertian letters () anedi ledhu charless dii secondat, baaran dii montesque prachurinchina oka saahitya rachana, idhi luis XIV mariyu regency aadhvaryamlo fraanslo aneka samvatsaraalu gadipina iddaru kalpita pertian kuleenulaina usbeck mariyu rica anubhavalanu vivaristundi.
prachurana.
150 aksharaalato kuudina navala yokka modati sanchika, 1721 maeloe rubric colone pierry martue kinda kanipinchindi, idhi amsterdam prachuranakarta jackwess desboards kosam oka front, dheeni vyapaaraanni ippudu athani vitantuvu susanne dii cox naduputunnadu. edition eah anie piluvabade, idhi idhi oxford mariyu leone/paarislo prachurinchabadina montesque yokka konasagutunna puurti rachanala kosam "letress persons" (2004) yokka iteevali vimarsanaatmaka editionloo upayoginchina vachanam. rendava edition (bii) adhe prachuranakarta adhe samvatsaram taruvaata, dheeni kosam ippativaraku puurtigaa santruptikaramaina vivarana ledhu, aasaktikaramgaa moodu kotta aksharaalanu chaerchaaru, conny asalu padamudu aksharaalanu tolaginchaaru. rachayita jeevitakaalamlo tadupari prachuranalannee eee rendintiloo okadaani nundi udbhavinchaayi. udbhavinchaayi montesque kumarudu tayaaru chesina maranaanantara sanchikalo enimidi kotta aksharalu unnaayi-aaa samayamlo mottam mottam teesukuvacchindi-mariyu rachayita raasina "quelks reflections surr less" letress persons "anae chinna bhaagam. eee sanchika sanchika "uvress complets" valume valume mundu vacchina anni tadupari sanchikalaku muulam, idhi asalu sanchika yokka paataaniki tirigi vastundi, conny "anubandham" gaa gurtinchabadina adanapu aksharaalanu kaligi untundi."eee vyaasamlooni lekha suuchanalu eee sanchikanu kundaleekaranaalalo 1758 sankhyala padhakamtho suuchistaayi.
katha saaraamsam.
saaraamsam usbeck thana yuva snehitudu rikaatho kalisi fraansku sudeergha prayaanam cheyadaaniki isfahaanlooni thana seraglio nundi bayaludaeraadu. athanu aneka nalla napumsakula samrakshanhalo aiduguru bharyalanu (jaashi, jephis, fatme, gelis mariyu roxon) vadili veltaadu, vaarilo okaru thala ledhaa modati napumsakulu. paris loe vaari sudeerghakaalam basa samayamlo (1712 nundi 1720 varaku), vaaru paaschaatya, kraistava samaajamlooni aneka amsaalanu, mukhyamgaa french rajakeeyaalu mariyu maryaadalu, zaan laa vyavastha yokka kaatu vyangyamtho sahaa, snehitulu mariyu mullaalatoe marpidi chesukunna lekhalalo vyaakhyaanistaaru. kalakramena, vividha rugmatalu tirigi seragliolo kanipistaayi, mariyu mariyu praarambhamai (139va aksharam [147]), aaa paristhiti vaegamgaa bayatapadutundi. usbeck thana thala napumsakuni anichivesenduku aadesistaadu, conny athani sandesam samayaniki raadu, mariyu antargata tirugubaatu athani bhaaryala maranaaniki daariteestundi, indulo athani abhimaanamaina roxane prateekaara aatmahatya, mariyu, chaalaa mandhi napumsakulu unnatlu telustondi.
kalakramanni eee krindi vidhamgaa sangrahinchavachhuh
patraala navala.
quelks remarks surr less letress persons" (1757) varaku montesque "pertian aksharaalanu" oka navalaga eppuduu prastaavinchaledu, idhi ilaa modalavutundihi "" letress persons "loe oohinchani vidhamgaa, oka vidhamaina navalanu kanugonadam kante ekkuva aadarana labhinchaledu". okaru prarambham, abhivruddhi mariyu mugimpunu chuustaaru; vividha aksharalu vaatini anusandhaaninche golusulo unchabadataayi."praarambhamlo, daani modati paatakulalo chaalaa mandiki mariyu daani rachayitaku, eee pustakam pradhanamgaa oka navalaga bhavinchabadaledu, inca oka" "patraala navala" "gaa kooda pariganinchabadaledu (idhi ippudu tarachugaa vargeekarinchabadinatlugaa), idhi aaa samayamlo yea vidhamgaanuu oka roopakalpana shaili kaadu". vaastavaaniki, aaa samayamlo unna ekaika namuunaa, 1669 naati killer leagla "letress portugises" thoo dheeniki peddagaa saaruupyata ledhu. ledhu "letters" sekarana, mukhyamgaa vivaadaaspada mariyu raajakeeya patrikala iteevali sampradaayaanni prerepistundi, "letress hysterics" (1692-1728) ledhaa jesuits 'prasiddha "(1703-1776), emme dunoyer yokka" letress hysterics ett galantes "(1707-1717) gurinchi prastaavinchakuudadu, idhi iddaru mahilala madhya correspondence roopamlo, luis XIV paalana mugimpu mariyu regency prarambham yokka charitranu andistundi. "letress persons" appatike dadapuga sthirapadina aakruti yokka sailini nirdhaarinchadaaniki sahaayapadindi. idhi daani aneka anukaranalalo undhi-boer dii 'orgains yokka "letress jews" (1738) mariyu "letress chinoises" (1739), poulain dii seyint-foix rachinchina "letress dii' yun turk eah paris, accrites eah saa surr" (1730) ("letress persons" thoo kalisi anekasaarlu prachurinchabadindi), mariyu bahusha mukhyamgaa francois dii graphigny yokka "letress dii 'yun peruvien" (1747)-richardson yokka letter-navlalanu prastaavinchakuudadu-idhi 1721 mariyu 1754 madhyakaalamlo "letress persons" nuu "epistolary navala" gaa maarchindi. montesque yokka "mess pencies" loe eee vyakhya ekkada nundi vachindihi "naa" letress persons "prajalaku akshara-navalalu rayadam neerpindi" (ledhu. 1621).
patraala nirmaanam chaalaa saralamgaa untundi, kaneesam iravai rendu graheetalatoo mottam pandommidi mandhi vilekharulu untaaru. usebeck mariyu rica modatidaaniki aravai aaru aksharalu mariyu rendodaaniki nalabhai edu aksharaalato (asalu (asalu aadhipatyam chelaayistunnaayi. iben correspondent kante chirunama graheetagaa panichestundi, rendu aksharalu matrame vraastuu nalabhai rendu aksharaalanu graheetagaa vraastuu untundi. paerulaeni vyaktini * * * (ellappuduu okela unte) matrame pilustaaru, athanu paddenimidu aksharaalanu andukuntaadu, conny edhee rayadu. oka nirdishta kramaraahityam kooda undhi, idhi hagi ibbi nundi benn josu (37 [39]) kuu raasina lekha, veetilo edhee marekkada prastaavinchabadaledu.
prastaavinchabadaledu robbert shockleton chuupinatlugaa, aksharaalannii chandra calender prakaram thedhee cheyabaddaayi, vaastavaaniki eee krindi vidhamgaa muslim paerla saadhaarana pratyaamnaayam dwara mana swantaaniki anugunamgaa untayih zilkade (janavari), jilhage (fibravari), mahararam (marchi), suffer (april), rebiab I (mae), rebiab II (juun), jemmadi I (juulai), jemmadi II (augustu), regeb (september), chahban (october), ramajan (november), chalwal (december).
saamaajika vyakhyanam.
paarislo, pertianlu tamanu taamu vyaktam chesukuntaru mariyu prabhutva samsthala nundi seloon vyangya chitraala varaku aneka rakaala vishayaalapai itarula abhipraayaalanu pondutaaru. iddaru snehitula swabhaavam yokka vyatyaasam gurtinchadaginadi, usbeck marinta anubhavagnudu mariyu aneka prasnalu adagadam, rica takkuva nirbandham mariyu french jeevitamlooni amsaala dwara marinta aakarshitudayyaadu. rendoo kooda rica yokka 70 (72) lekhalo unnatlugaa montesque yokka goppa vyangya swaraanni kaligi unnaih
okaroju neenu oka companylo unnaanu, akkada neenu thanatho chaalaa santrupti chendina vyaktini chushanu. padihenu nimishaallo ayana naitikataku sambandhinchina moodu prasnalu, naalugu chaaritraka samasyalu mariyu bhouthika saastraaniki sambandhinchina aidu amsaalanu nirnayinchaaru. intha saarvatrika nirnayakartanu neenu ennadoo chudaledu; athani manassu ennadoo chinnapati sandehamto stambhinchaledu. vaaru saastraalanu vidichipetti, aaa roeju vaartalanu teesukunnaru; athanu aaa roeju vaartala gurinchi nirnayinchukunnadu. neenu atanni paiki ekkinchalanukunnaanu, naatho ilaa annanu neenu naa balaanni upayoginchukovali; neenu naa desamlo aasrayam pondabotunnanu. neenu athanitho pertia gurinchi matladanu; conny mm yokka adhikaram aadhaaramgaa, athanu nannu rendusaarlu khandinche mundu neenu naalugu padaalu matrame matladanu. towernier mariyu chardin. oo prabhuu, eee vyakti evaru anie naaku neenu cheppukunnanu. tadupari vishayam emitante, athanu naa kante isfahan veedhulanu baga telusukuntaadu! naa nirnayam twaralone jarigindih neenu ika cheppanu, atanni matladanivvandi, inca athanu nirnayinchukunnadu.
idhi vruddhudaina raaju maranaaniki mundu jariginappatikee, athanu saadhinchina vaatilo chaalaa varaku paarislo ippatikee prasamsimchabadutunnaayi, ikkada vikalaangulu ippude puurti cheyabadutunnaru mariyu cafelu mariyu theatre vistaristunnaayi. memu paarlamentulu, tribunals, mataparamaina samsthala (kaapuchinlu, jesuits modalainavi) vidhulanu gamanistamu.), bahiranga pradaesaalu mariyu vaati praja (tularies, palais raayal), rashtra foundationlu (andhula kosam quinz-wings (moodu vandala) aasupatri, gayapadina anubhavagnulaku vikalaangulu). vaaru oka gandaragola samskrutini vivaristaaru, ikkada iddaru parshiyanla uniki kooda mudranala vistaranaku krutagnatalu teluputuu twaragaa prajaadarana pondina drugvishayamgaa maarutundi (aksharam 28 [30]). cafe-ikkada charchalu jarugutaayi (letter 34 [36])-appatike theatre mariyu opera maadirigaane oka prabhutva samsthagaa sthaapinchabadindi. tatwavetta yokka raayi kosam tama sonta kharchutho vetakagalige moorkhulu ippatikee unnaaru; vaartaapravaahulu mariyu patrikalu rojuvaaree jeevitamlo mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchadam praarambhinchaayi. samsthalu (vishwavidyaalayam, academy, sciences, bull "unigenitus") nundi samuuhaala (fyaashan, daandiilu, kokvetlu) nundi vyaktula (opera gayakudu, paatha yodhudu, rake modalainavi) varaku pratidee paatakula kannu mundu vastundi.
thana vantugaa yusbeck mataparamaina polikalatho baadhapadutunnaadu. muslim kavadam ataniki eppuduu aagipoyinappatiki, kraistava matam (trimurthy, samajam) yokka konni amsaalanu gurinchi athanu inca aascharyapotunnappatiki, konni aaharalanu enduku aparisubhramainavigaa pariganistaaru (aksharalu 15-17 [16-18) anie vichaarinchadaaniki kathinamaina adhikaarulaku vraastaadu. athanu rendu mataalanu, anni mataalanu kooda vaati saamaajika prayojanaalaku sambandhinchi vileenam chestaadu.
troglodites gurinchi usebeck nundi mirja varaku aksharalu 11-14, janabha saastrampai usebeck nundi raedi varaku aksharalu 109-118 (113-122), seyint-viktarlooni libraryni sandarsinchinappudu rica nundi aksharalu 128-132 (134-138) vanti oka nirdishta amsaanni oka rachayita raasina aksharaala konni kramaalu marinta puurtigaa abhivruddhi chestaayi. vaaru shakti rakalu, vaataavaranam yokka prabhavam mariyu valasarajyala vimarsha vanti vishayaala kosam "ell 'esprit dess lois" loe taruvaata abhivruddhi cheyabade aneka vislaeshanhalanu geestaaru.
denoment.
paschimaana purushulu mariyu mahilala madhya svaechchaayutamaina sambandhaalanu usbeck mecchukunnappatiki, athanu oka seraglio yajamaniga, kontavaraku thana gatha khaidiigaa migilipoyadu. athani bharyalu somaritanam, parityakta premikula paatranu poeshistaaru, athanu yajamani mariyu premikudu, parimita sambhaashana mariyu vaari nijamaina aatmalanu takkuva bahirgatam chestaadu; vaaritho usbeck yokka bhasha athanitho unnanta parimitam. modati nundi, antekakunda, parshiyaku tirigi vastaanani tanaku haamii ledani anumaanistuu, usbeck kooda thana bhaaryala vaikhariki sambandhinchi ippatike nirutsaahapaddaadu (6 mariyu 19 aksharalu [20]). seraglio anedi oka udriktata yokka mancham, daani nundi athanu tananu taanu dhooram chesukuntadu, thana bharyalanu nijamgaa thana napumsakulanu viswasinchina daanikante ekkuva nammadu (lekha 6).
thedhee natiki aksharaala kramaniki sambandhinchi moodu samvatsaraalaku paiga akasmaattugaa vislaeshanhaku dhanyavaadaalu, pratidee tudi aksharaalalo (139-150 [147-161]) cascade avutundi. aksharam 69 (71) nundi aksharam 139 (147) varaku-kalakramanusaranga 1714 nundi 1720 varaku-94 nundi 143 varaku unna (mariyu 97 nundi puuraka aksharam nundi puuraka aksharam 8 varaku maranaanantara sanchikalo kooda) syraglioku sambandhinchina usebeck nundi okka aksharam kooda yea vaeshamloo prastaavinchabadaledu. 126 nundi 137 varaku (132 nundi 148 varaku) unna aksharalu rica nundi vachayi, veetini nisitamgaa pariseelinchinappudu, antey sumaru padihenu nelala paatu (4 augustu 1719 nundi 22 october 1720 varaku) usebeck nissabdamgaa undhi. eee madhyakaalamlo aayanaku lekhalu vachinappatikee, avi paatakulaku chivari shreni varaku teliyavu, idhi 1758 yokka anubandha aksharalu 9-11 (157,158,160) nuu jodinchina taruvaata marinta abhivruddhi chendindi, ayithe usebeck october 1714 lone "seraglio kramaraahityamlo undani" (aksharam 63 [65]) telusukundi. tirugubaatu sphuurti munduku saagutunna koddi, athanu charya teesukoovaalani nirnayinchukuntaadu, conny chaalaa alasyam; lekhala prasaaramlo jaapyam mariyu vaatilo konni kolpovadamtho, paristhiti parishkaram kaadu.
niraasaku guraina usbeck, parshiyaku tirigi ravalsina avasaraniki, takkuva aasatoe, rajinama chesinatlu spashtamgaa telustundi; 1719 aktobaru 4naa athanu ilaa vilapinchaaduh "neenu naa talanu naa satruvulaku appagistaanu" (147 [155]). ayinappatikee athanu alaa cheyaduh 1720 chivarilo athanu inca paarislo unnadu, endukante chattam yokka "vyavastha" charitranu kaligi unna aksharalu 134-137 (140-145), vaastavaaniki roxon yokka chivari sandesaaniki (thedhee 8 mae 1720) venukabadi untaayi, idhi athanu ippatike andukuni undaali-delivareeki saadhaarana samayam aidu nelalu-athanu thana sonta teedeeloo taja teedeeni (anubandha lekha 8 mariyu lekha 138 [145 mariyu 145]) vraasetappudu, october mariyu november november. athanu nijamgaa tirigi vastaadani anukovadaniki etuvanti kaaranam ledhu.
muulaalu.
montesque yokka muulaalu legion, veetilo puurtigaa noti dwara prasaralu untaayi. pertia gurinchi uparitala samaachaaraaniki dhooramgaa unna zeane chardin yokka "viages enn pursey" yokka prabhavam, athanu 1687 yokka rendu-valuemla editionnu kaligi unnadu mariyu 1720 loe padhi valuemlalo podiginchina editionnu konugolu chesaadu. kontavaraku, athanu zeane-baptist tavernier mariyu paal raikat yokka "prayaanaalanu" aakarshinchadu, athani vistaaramaina library tanaku andinchina aneka itara rachanalanu prastaavinchakuudadu. marovaipu, samakaaleena france ledhaa paaristoe sambandham unna pratidee tappanisarigaa athani swantha anubhavam nundi ledhaa ataniki sambandhinchina kathala sambhaashanhala nundi vastundi.
pustakamloni vividha amsaalu nirdishta namuunaalaku runapadi unnayanadamlo sandeham ledhu, veetilo atyanta mukhyamainadi geovanni pavolo marana yokka "ell 'espian dance less course dess princess cretians" ("turkish guudachaari vraasina aksharalu"), aaa samayamlo vistrutamgaa prasiddhi chendindi, montesque yokka paatralu spashtamgaa pertianlu ayinappatikee, turklu kaadu. antoin galland yokka "mille ett unn neats" ("veyyi mariyu oka raatrulu") yokka goppa prajaadarana baibil mariyu khurran maadirigaane, oriental vishayaala saadhaarana vaataavaranaaniki dohadam chestundi, vaastavaaniki dheeniki "letress persons" thoo daadaapu aemee ledhu.
vimarsanaatmaka charitra.
"letress persons" anedi takshana mariyu mannikaina anubhooti mariyu tarachugaa anukarinchabadindi, conny idhi kalakramena vaividhyamgaa chadavabadindi. iravayyava sataabdam madhyakaalam varaku, idhi ekkuvagaa prasamsimchabadina regency yokka "aatma", alaage laa bruyere, pascal mariyu fontainelle yokka shaastreeya sampradaayamlo vyangya chitram. dheenini navya shailitho mudipettalani evaruu anukoledu. katha yokka pertian vaipu oka kaalpanika alankaranagaa pariganinchabadindi, idhi raajakeeya mariyu mataparamaina vyangyamtho paatu vimarsalatoe paatu french samajam yokka vaastavika "oriental" mudralalo unna rachana yokka nijamaina aasakti.
aasakti merugaina grandhaalu mariyu punaruddharinchina parisoedhanala aadhaaramgaa adhyayanala kotta shakam praarambhamaindi. classic garnier kosam paal vernier vistrutamgaa vyaakhyaaninchina edition, praamaanika edition podavu, mariyu muslim kalakramam yokka upayogam gurinchi robbert shockleton kanugonnavi; roser mercier, roser laffer mariyu paulin kraa yokka kotta drukpathaalu kooda mukhyamainavi, ivi pani yokka aikyatapai kotta drushtini kendrikarinchi, seraglioni daani mottam ardhamlo ekikrutam chesaayi. itarulu patraala roopam (rouset, laffer, versini), seraglio (broady, gayakudu) yokka nirmaanam mariyu ardham mariyu usbeck yokka uddesinchina vairudhyaala yokka parinaamaalanu pariseelinchaaru. iteevali dasaabdaalalo idhi matam (kraa) mariyu mukhyamgaa rajakeeyaalu (ehrard, goulemot, benrekasa), idhi pradhanamgaa undhi, idhi mahilalu mariyu napumsakulu (gross richard, goldgink, mccalpin, starobinsky, delon) ledhaa orient mariyu accident yokka saamskrutika vairudhyamtho seraglio paatraku pragatiseela tirigi vachindi.
marinta chadavandi.
a mariyu b sanchikalanu sett chesina vraatapratulu manugadalo laenappatikee, bibliothech national dii france (n. eah. fr. 14365): edger maas, "less editions dess" letress persons "," review frankise dii 'histoyer du livre "nem. 102-103 (1999), pp. 19-56.
atyanta mukhyamaina aadhunika french sanchikaluh
1757 naati maranaanantara paatham aadhaaramgaa, saadhaaranamgaa "(dhi) pertian aksharalu" anae sheershikato aneka aangla anuvaadaalu jarigaih
vimarsanaatmaka adhyayanalu

