
paal helgesen

paal helgesen (paal eliasen kooda; lattin "palls helie"; ca. 1480-1534 taruvaata maraninchaadu) oka danish carmelite, maanavataavaadi mariyu charitrakaarudu. helgesen oka sanyasi, athanu modata rendava kraistavuniki mariyu lutheran samskarana udyamaaniki maddatu icchaadu, conny taruvaata rendintinee vichchinnam chesi, nirankusa raaju mariyu lutheran bodhakulaku vyatiraekamgaa heccharikalu vrasadu. rotordamku chendina thana roll modal erasmus maadirigaane, helgesen kaathalikkulu mariyu protestantistla madhya budidarangu praantamloo unnadu.
jeevitam.
samskarana kaathalikkulaku pramukha danish udaaharana ayina helgesen (rotordam yokka erasmasku oka chinna danish samaantaram) ippudu sweedanlo bhaagamaina halland provinceloni verberg nundi vachindi. thana talli swedish santatiki chendinadani, lekapothe athani kutumbam gurinchi maremi teliyadani ayana swayamgaa raasaaru. praarambhamlo-spashtamgaa thana baalyamlo-athanu warbergloni carmelite kramamlo cheraadu. carmelitelu baibil adhyayanam mariyu bodhanaku goppa praadhaanyata icchaaru, mariyu helgesen vidvaamsulaina sanyaasulalo okaru. edho oka samayamlo ayana vedaantasaastramlo "bacalarius" degreeni pondaaru. 1517loe athanu helsingorlo unnadu, akkada athanu maanavataavaada adhyayanalanu praarambhinchaadu mariyu rotordam yokka yugaala rachanalapai pratyekinchi aasakti chuupaadu. scara master swend thana paatasaala upadhyayudu anie ayana paerkonnaadu. master swend yugaala anucharudani chebutaaru; athanu taruvaata lutheran bishop ayyadu mariyu chinna vayassulone catholic charchi durviniyogaalanu vimarsinchadaaniki baaludini prabhaavitam chesina vyakti ayi undavacchu. 
carmelitelu eraasmasnu entha kathinamgaa khandincharo choosthe, erasmus patla helgesen yokka aasakti chaalaa aascharyakaramgaa undhi. paris, colone mariyu louvain vishwavidyaalayaalalo arder bodhana spashtamgaa maanavataavaada vyatiraeka mariyu sampradaayavaadamainadi, mariyu carmelite sanyaasulu yugaala yokka teevramaina pratyarthulalo kondarugaa udbhavinchaaru. 1526loe koloonlooni council vadda, yugaala pustakaalannii nishedhinchabaddaayi, mariyu sthaanika priyarlu tama sanyaasula grandhaalayaala nundi pustakaalanu tholaginchakapothe tolaginchabadatarani bedirinchaaru. ayinappatikee, carmelitelu helgesen yokka sampradaayavaadaanni ennadoo prasninchaledu, endukante 1522loe athanu intaku mundu praantiiyamgaa ennikayyaadu, antey.ii. arder yokka dassia ett norwegia (denmark mariyu norway) provins yokka atyunnata adhipati, athanu thana jeevitaantam aaa padavini nirvahinchaaru.
helgesen thana ghnaanaaniki prarambha gowravaanni pondaadu. aayanaku praacheena kaalapu praacheena saahityaalu, charchi pitalatho parichayam undatame kakunda, madhyayuga, punarujjeevanodyama rachayitala gurinchi kooda telusu. helgesen petrarch mariyu marcelio fisino (1433-1499) lanu suuchimchaadu mariyu engelo polygiano raasina oka rachananu anuvadinchaadu. athanu spanish maanavataavaadi juvan luis vives (1492-1540) raasina praja paelavamaina upasamanampai oka kaagitam gurinchi charchinchaadu mariyu luther mariyu athani anucharula rachanalanu anusarinchaadu. gatam mariyu vartamaanam gurinchi thana vistrutamaina ghnaanamtho, helgesen nordic deshaalalo thana kaalamlooni agrashreni aadhyaatmika vyaktulalo okarigaa nilustaadu.
helgesen 1500 loe italeelo kontakaalam adhyayanam chesi undavacchu, endukante "skibby chronicle" loe athanu upayoginche lipini maanavataavaadi cursive anie pilustaaru, idhi 15 va sataabdamloo kanugonabadina italian lipi. idhi modata samskarana samayamlo denmarku vachindi, kabatti nordic deshaalalo dheenini upayoginchina modativaarilo helgesen okaru. gothik lipi vraasetappudu kante pennu bhinnamgaa upayoginchabadutundi, kabatti helgesen eee sailini neerchukuni undaali. danish carmelite sanyaasulu 1498 mariyu 1513loe romloni charchi councilslo mariyu 1503loe piasensalo paalgonnatlu telisindi, ayithe helgesen palgonadam gurinchi khachitamainadi aemee kanugonabadaledu.
helgesen rendava kraistavunu raktapipasi niyantagaa khandinchinatlayithe, athanu 1520 navambarulo jarigina stockholm raktapaataaniki atanni khandinchaledu. oochakotaku helgesen digbhraantiki gurayyadu, conny athanu raaju salahaadaarulu, arch bishaplu gustav troll mariyu dedrick slagec, pravaasamlo unna christian II mariyu athani kutumbamtho paatu vacchina sigbrit villams mariyu raaju aneka samvatsaraalu jailulo unchina bishop gens andersen beldenac meeda pradhana ninda vaesaadani telustondi. german dedrick slagheck oka bhogam vyapaarigaa bergenku vacchi, rendava kraistava sevalo pravesinchi, stockholm raktapaatamlo palgonnadu. raaju ataniki scara diocesto mariyu 1521loe lund yokka arch bishop thoo bahumati icchaadu, conny slagheck krupa nundi padipoyi, 24 janavari 1522naa kopenhaganloni gameltorve vadda kalchiveyabaddadu. aaa samayamlo helgeson akkada unnaaru. "tappudu salahaato yuvarajula manassulanu bhrashtupattinche vaarandari vidhi idhe" anie ayana adhe roeju rendava kraistavuniki ankitam chesina oka rachanalo vyakhyaaninchaaru.
copan haggen loe lecturer.
1519loe, rendava christian copenhagenlo sthaapinchina carmelite kalaasaalaku helgesen adhipati ayyadu. lecturerga, helgesen copenhagen vishwavidhyaalayamlo baibil bodhinchalsi undhi. 1526loe, raaju "lutheranism" paie rajabhavanamlo upanyaasam ivvamani koraadu, adhi athanu "madhyastamgaa" chesadani bhaavinchaadu, ayinappatikee catholic vyatiraeka sabhikulu atanni gumpugaa chesi, taruvaata aasthaanaanni dooshinchevaaru veedhiloo vembadinchaaru, sainikulu atanni "kapatavaadi" mariyu "aatmala hantakudu" anie pilicharu. luther aalochanala dwara prabhaavitamaina helgesen, samskarana aalochanalatho thana vidyaarthulanu prabhaavitam chesaadu, veerilo chaalaa mandhi taruvaata danish samskaranaku maargadarsakulu ayyaru. sumaru 1530 natiki athani maajee vidyaarthulu malmo mariyu copenhagenlalo aneka sandarbhaallo suvaarta bodhakulayyaru, "catholic charchini vaeru cheyadaaniki mariyu daani paddhatulapai catholic vimarsalanu samskarinchadaaniki niraakarinchaaru", mariyu vaari paatha guruvuku "paul vendecabe" ('paul turn coat') anae birudunu pradaanam chesaaru.
carmelitelu adhyayanaaniki viluva icchaaru, mariyu helgesen erasmus mariyu maanavataavaadi ninaadam "muulaalaku tirigi" nuu thana namoonaga teesukunnadu. athanu kotta nibandhana, charchi tandrulu mariyu prarambha charchi jeevitaanni catholic charchini vichchinnam cheyakunda samskarinchaalane thana korikaku kendramgaa unchaadu. protestantla maadirigaane, moksham vishwaasam dwara vastundani ayana viswasinchaadu, conny vyaktigata bhakti mariyu naitikatanu kooda nokki cheppadu. luther maadirigaa kakunda, athanu mokshaanni devuni nundi uchita bahumatigaa bhaavinchaledu, conny paristhithulatho vachinadigaa bhaavinchaadu. athanu danish charchi ksheenatanu teevramgaa vimarsinchaadu, conny saamaanyula jokyam lekunda samskaranalu cheyavalasi vachindi. prardhana sthaanamlo danish bhaashalo shlokaalu padatam valla helgesen chaalaa kalata chendaadu. catholic kaalamlo, saadhaarana prajalu ooregimpulo danish shlokaalanu paadataaniki anumatinchabaddaaru, conny sevalo ituvanti cherikalu samajam yokka vinani aparipakvamainavani, mariyu mahilala gaanam "chaalaa mandhi manassulanu daivabhakti kante paapa aalochanala vaipu ekkuvagaa kadilinchela chesindi" anie ayana viswasinchaadu."
helgesen aadarsam medho mariyu saamskrutika viluvalanu parirakshinchina maanavataavaadi raaja saktigaa anipistundi. chaalaa praarambhamlo athanu raaju rendava kraistavuniki vyatiraekamgaa unnadu, mariyu "skibby chronicle" loe athanu raaju yokka durviniyogam mariyu neeraalanu jabita chestaadu. edemaina, rendava kraistava saanukuula vaikhari maanavataavaadaanni denmarku teesukuvacchindi, vidya mariyu bodhana kosam ekkuva avasaraalatoe athani pranaalikaabaddhamaina samskarana chattaala nundi chudavachu, mariyu kopenhaganloni sunct pedders stridelo carmelite arder intiki athani aardhika maddatu. 1521 vasantakaalamlo copan haggen vishwavidhyaalayamlo greeku bodhinchadam praarambhinchina vaaritho sahaa, vitten burg nundi copan haggen kuu maanavataavaadi upaadhyaayulanu kooda king christian ahvaninchadu.
1523loe raaju patanam taruvaata, tirugubaatu prabhuvula pakshana helgesen unnadu, padaveechyutudaina rajupai firyadu lekha rachayita ayi undavacchu. skibby chronicle" loe, helgesen charitranu bodhanaa addamgaa ('jeevita paatasaala upadhyayuralu') chuse puraatana mariyu maanavataavaadi sampradaayaanni anusaristundi, ikkada okaru itarula moorkhatwala nundi neerchukoevacchu mariyu adhe tappulu cheyakunda asajanakamga nivaarinchavacchu. raaju kraistavudipai firyadu minaha, athanu swayamgaa vraasina vyaktula, prakruti drushyaalu, yuddha drushyaalu mariyu rashtra patraala chitranalu athani vruttaamtamloo laevu.
prajalu mathaalatho alasipoyaru. 1528 nundi 1531 varaku naalugu samvatsaraalalo, denmarkloni 28 franciscan mathaalalo 21 adrushyamayyaayih copenhagenlo, franciscan sanyaasulu tamanu mariyu vaari mataanni longadeesukunnanta varaku vaarini bandhinchaaru. copan haggen looni franciscon mataanni aaspatrigaa mariyu pavitraatma yokka mataanni pattana mandiramgaa upayoginchadaaniki raaju christian saamaanya prajalaku anumati icchaadu; 1529loe athanu charchi aastilo ekkuva bhaganni swaadheenam chesukunnadu, daanini bodhakudiki chellinchadaaniki mariyu aasupatri mariyu suvaarta seminaryni sthaapinchadaaniki upayoginchaadu. bodhakulalo, helgesen kopaniki, matabhrashta carmelite sanyaasulu pedder laurensen (1485-1552) mariyu france vormorden (1491-1551) unnaaru, veeru helgesen swayamgaa bodhinchaaru.
adhe samayamlo, bhogam vyaparam vanti catholic charchi durviniyogaalanu helgesen vimarsinchaadu. 1520la naati mataparamaina charchalo palgone vyaktigaa, athanu sthaapinchabadina charchiki pratinidhigaa kanipinchakundaa undalekapoyadu. tanaku maddatu pondakundaane samskarana udyamaaniki maddatu icchina vaaripai teevramaina, konnisaarlu atyanta rechagotte vivaadaalalo ayana palgonnadu, idhi chivariki ayana ontarigaa undataaniki daariteesindi.
1533loe frederic raaju maraninchina taruvaata, 1533loe copan haggen loe jarigina raaju, council madhya jarigina samavesamlo samskarta hohns tousen matavisvaasaalaku paalpadinatlu kanugonappudu, helgesen swayamgaa lutheran siddhaantam, aacharananu kalakramena marinta vimarsinchaadu, daanini swaramgaa vyaktam chesaadu. conny catholic bishapla patla saadhaarana vaikhari, count yokka vairam vyaapti athani prayatnaalanu vyardham chesindi. april 1533loe modati frederic maranam taruvaata, rigsrad (prevy council) denmark palananu swaadheenam chesukuni kotta raaju ennikanu vaida vesindi. bishapla adhikaranni punaruddharinchadaaniki, vaaru matrame bodhakulanu niyaminchagalarani, charchilu tama estatelanu nilupukunnayani, vaari japthu chesina aastulanu tirigi ichela rigsred yokka catholic sabhyulanu oppinchadaaniki bishaplu tama avakaasaanni chuusaaru. lutheranlu ayina eric erixen banner mariyu mogens goy, patraanni muusivaeyadaaniki ishtapadaledu, conny bishaplu tama vijayam gurinchi entha utsaahamgaa unnarante vaaru seyint charchilo poojaari ayina tousennu bahishkarinchaaru. nicholz, newzealand mariyu scaniaku chendinavaaru, scanialo bodhakulanu chattaviruddhulu mariyu matavisvaasaalulugaa prakatinchaaru. eee samayamlo oka tirugubaatu chelaregi, adhi poura yuddhamgaa, count yokka vairamgaa maarindi. helgesen dheenini "samanyudi tirugubaatu mariyu avidheyata" anie pilicharu, conny idhi varga sangharshanaku sambandhinchina vishayam, lutheran nagaralaina malmo mariyu copenhagen lubec maddatutoe, prevy council kuu vyatiraekamgaa lechindi. rendava kraistavuni tirigi niyaminchadame tirugubaatu lakshyam-conny aaa samayamlo athanu mallii catholic ayyadu.
kotta raaju, frederic I, helgesennu teevramgaa niraasaparichina charchi vidhananni anusaristaadu. count yokka vairam samayamlo, helgesen charitra nundi adrushyamayyaadu. athanu hatya cheyabaddada ledhaa sahaja kaaranaalatoo maraninchaadaa mariyu desham vidichi vellipoyada anedi mistareegaa migilipoyindi. athanu 1534 loe maraninchaadani bhaavistaaru, conny idhi kevalam ooha matrame.
pani chestundi.
helgesen oka goppa rachayita, martin luther ('little prardhana pustakam') thoo sahaa danish bhaashalo aneka pustakaalanu prachurinchaaru. ayana rachanalu chaalaa varaku poyayi, conny ayana yugaala yokka "institutio principals christiani" (1522) anuvaadam kooda ayana swantha aadarsaalaku suuchana. oka swatantra rachana athani "charitra sankalanam" (c. 1523), danish raajulu mariyu vaari sambandhaala sankshipta vivarana. kaathalikkulu mariyu protestantlu iddarikee vyatiraekamgaa ayana chesina vivaadaaspada rachanalu ayana vedaanta gnaanaanni chuuputaayi mariyu mandutunna kopaniki saakshyamgaa ardham chesukobaddayi. helgesen vaastavaaniki sisero, quintilian mariyu erasmus sampradaayamlo tananu taanu vyaktam chesukunnadu, ikkada padabandham yokka padunaina malupulu mariyu paelullanu upayoginchadam dwara vishayam yokka teevratanu khachitamgaa nokki chebutaaru. anduvalla pramukha kuleena vyakti eric erixen pataakaanni helgesen "copycat" mariyu "ape" anie pilicharu. banner (1484-1554) duke christian danish simhaasanaaniki vijayam saadhinchadaaniki prayatninchindi, rigsradet adige varaku duke niraakarinchaadu; denmarklo samskaranalo atyanta teevramaina champiyanlalo banner kooda okati, mariyu tousennu tirigi copenhagenku teesukuraavadamlo keelaka paatra pooshinchindi.
helgesen oka atyuttama charitrakaarudu, mariyu laatinlo chethitho vraayabadina athani pradhana rachana, asampoornamaina "skibby chronicle" (), athani kaalapu denmarkpy teevra vimarsalatoe. franciscon pedder olsen ("petrus olay", c. 1490-sii. 1570) idhi oka charchi godalalo daachabadataaniki mundu. eee manuscript 1650loe tirigi kanugonabadindi, dheeniki godalatho kommulu veyabaddaayi. eee rachana anaamakamainadi, conny 1773loe jacob langebeck nundi aadhunika charitrakaarulandaruu helgesennu rachayitagaa gurtinchaaru.
balaheenamgaa nirminchabadinappatiki, pedda mariyu chinna sanghatanalanu militam chesinappatiki, eee pani stockholm raktapaatam, denmark nundi rendava christian tappinchukovadam, frederic I praarambhotsavam mariyu tousentho athani sambandham, 1530loe copan hagenloni avar laedii charchipai lutheran daadi, mariyu sounderberg kotalo king christian khaidu gurinchi vivarinchadamtho athani drudamaina raajakeeya mariyu mataparamaina nammakalaku smaaraka chihnamgaa undhi. helgesen thana vyatiraekata ledhaa saanubhootini rahasyamgaa unchukodu. skibby chronicle" 1534 samvatsaramlo oka vaakyam madhyalo aagutundi. idhi skibby nundi kopenhaganloni arnamagnian manuscript sekaranaku elaa daariteesindo teliyadu.

