albanian saahityam

albanian saahityam madhya yugaala varaku vistarinchi undhi mariyu albanian bhaashalo vraayabadina aaa saahitya grandhaalu mariyu rachanalanu kaligi undhi. idhi albania, kosovo mariyu albanian pravaasulu mukhyamgaa italeelo albanianlu raasina saahityaanni kooda suuchimchavachchu. indo-european kutumbamlo albanian oka swatantra saakhanu aakraminchindi mariyu dheeniki itara daggari sambandham unna bhasha ledhu. albanian yokka muulam puurtigaa teliyadu, conny idhi puraatana ilrian bhashaku varasudu kaavacchu.
aantivaari gilloum aadam yokka arch bishop bishop oka nivedika raasaaru, dheenilo albanianlu vaari bhasha latin bhashaku chaalaa bhinnamgaa unnappatikee vaari pustakaalalo latin aksharaalanu upayoginchaarani chepparu.
albanian bhaashalo vraayabadina atyanta puraatanamaina patraalu patraalu gheg maandalikamlo durres bishop paal angelli namodu chesina "formula ii pagagemit" (baptism formula), mariyu aaa kaalaaniki chendina konni kotta nibandhana shlokaalu.
madhyayuga kaalam.
15va sataabdam.
ottoman saamrajyam vistarana paschima european punarujjeevana maanavataavaada kaalamlo chaalaa mandhi albanianlanu vaari matrubhumi nundi tarimikottindi. maanavataavaadi prapanchamlo prasiddhi chendina albanian valasadaarulalo charitrakaarudu maarin barletti (1460-1513) (1460-1513) romlo scanderbeg charitranu prachurinchaaru, idhi aneka itara european bhaashalaloki anuvadinchabadindi, ledhaa marino besichemi (1468-1526), gjaan gajuli (1400-1455), leonicus thamius (1456-1531), michel maaruli (15va sataabdam), michel arteoti (1480-1556) mariyu sains, art mariyu philosophy yokka vividha rangaalalo vishishtamaina aneka mandhi itarulu.
16va sataabdam.
saamskrutika pratighatana modata charchi tyaagaalu mariyu prachuranala rangamlo albanianla vistarana dwara vyakteekarinchabadindi, pradhanamgaa uttaraana catholic confessional praantam, conny dakshinaana sanaatanulu kooda. mataguruvu gjaan bujuku catholic praardhananu albanianloki anuvadinchi, luther german kosam chesinatlugaa albanian kosam cheyadaaniki prayatninchinappudu protestant samskaranalu sthaanika bhasha mariyu saahitya sampradaayam abhivruddhi kosam aasalanu prerepinchaayi.
prerepinchaayi ayana prachurinchina gjaan bujuku rachinchina "meshari" (dhi misal) albanianlo prachurinchabadina modati saahitya rachana. bhasha yokka suddhi chesina sthaayi mariyu sthireekarinchina aksharakramam anedi teliyani sampradaayamaina albanian vraase munupati sampradaayam yokka phalitam ayi undaali. conny bujuku kante mundu naati konni vicchinnamaina aadharalu unnaayi, idhi albanian kaneesam 14 va sataabdam AD nundi vraayabadindani suuchistumdi. mottamodati telisina sakshyam cree. sha. 1332 naatidi mariyu french dominican gillemus aday, aantivaari yokka arch bishop, laatinlo oka nivedikalo albanianlu tama pustakaalalo latin aksharaalanu upayogistaarani, ayithe vaari bhasha latin nundi chaalaa bhinnamgaa undani raasaaru. dheeniki maddatu ivvadamlo pratyeka praamukhyata kaliginavi 1462 yokka baptism suutram ("yunte paghesont premenit etit ett birit ett spertit senit"), laatinlo durace bishop, paal engjelli raasina vachanamlo albanianlo vraayabadindi; albania gundaa prayaaninchina german arnald vaan harf 1497 yokka albanian padaalatoe kuudina padakosam, mariyu mathue suvaarta nundi baibil nundi 15 va sataabdapu sakalam, albanianlo kooda, conny greeku aksharaalalo.
eee sataabdaala albanian rachanalu matha grandhaalu matrame kaaka, chaaritraka vruttaamtaalu kooda ayi undaali. maanavataavaadi maarin barletti vaatini prastaavinchaaru, ayana thana pustakam "dhi sease off shkodra" ("dii obsidione scoderancy") (1504) loe, prajala bhaashalo vraayabadina atuvanti vruttaamtaala dwara ayana prachurinchinatlu dhruveekarinchaaru ("inn vernakula lingwa"). kraistava praardhanalo jaateeya bhashala abhivruddhiki vyatiraekamaina prati-samskarana valla erpadina addamkulu unnappatikee, eee prakriya nirantaraayamgaa konasaagindi. 16va nundi 17va sataabdaalaloo, leke matrenga rachinchina "eah mbesume christere" (kraistava bodhanalu) (1592), "doctrina eah christere" (kraistava siddhaantam) (1618) mariyu asalu albanian gadyam mariyu kavitvam yokka modati rachayita ayina pijeter budi rachinchina "karma romanam" (1621), oka nighantuvu mariyu jaanapada rachanalanu kooda prachurinchina frang bardhi rachinchina georg castriot (1636) kuu kshamaapana, vedaanta-tatvasastra oppandam "cunious profeterum" (pravaktala brundam) (1685) albanianlo prachurinchabaddaayi, idhi albanian yugaalalo atyanta saarvatrika vyaktitvam.
bogdani rachana anedi vedaanta-tatvasastra grandham, idhi vividha vanarula nundi dayta, vedaantasaastram yokka pradhana samasyalu, puurti baibil charitra mariyu paandityavaadam, vishwodbhava shaastram, khagola shaastram, bodhana modalaina sanklishta samasyalanu vileenam cheyadam dwara vaastavikatato pariganistundi. bogdani albanian samskrutiloki maanavataavaadi sphuurtini teesukuvacchi, manishi jeevitamlo ghnaanam mariyu samskruti paatranu prasamsimchaadu; merugupettina shaililo thana vraatapuurvaka rachanatho, athanu albanian saahitya charitralo oka malupu tirigaadu.
prarambha albanian saahityamlo maroka mukhyamaina rachayita jull wariboba.
17va sataabdam.
17va mariyu 18va sataabdaalaloo, sampradaaya mariyu muslim angeekaara saamskrutika vruttaala saahityam marinta abhivruddhini saadhinchindi. elbasson nundi oka anamaka rachayita baibil nundi aneka vibhaagaalanu albanianloki anuvadinchaaru. hetch. elbasson nundi kooda vacchina philipi, "dhiyata eah wjeter dhee rae" (paatha mariyu kotta nibandhana) nuu teesukuvastundi. teesukuvastundi "dhiyata ii rae" (kotta nibandhana) yokka samagra grandham yokka prachuranatho taruvaati sataabdamloo eee prayatnaalu aneka retlu perigayi. jibrokastruti mariyu albanian yokka rendu pradhana mandalikalalo costandine christophoridi (1830-1895) dwara (kraistava) mataparamaina anuvaadaala pedda samuuhamtoe, rendu maandalikaalanu ekikruta saahitya bhashaga ekikrutam chese prakriyaloo sahayapadina prachuranalu mariyu albanianla jaateeya charchini vaari swantha bhaashalo praardhanatho sthaapinchadaaniki aadharaanni erpaatu cheyadamlo sahayapaddayi.
eee dhoraniki viruddhamgaa unnappatikee, voscoposa samskrutini kooda prastaavinchaali, 17va sataabdamloo nagarikata yokka goppa agni mariyu balcon dveepakalpam yokka mahanagaramga, academy mariyu printing presto mariyu tii vanti vyaktulatoe kuudina samskruti. kavaljoti, dehetch. haxiu, zii. voskopojari, ayana ghnaanam, bhaashaashaastram, vedaantasaastram mariyu tatvasaastram yokka rachanalu albanian rachana mariyu gurtimpulo nishpaakshikamgaa sahayapaddayi. voskopojalo udbhavinchina saahityam pradhanamgaa greeku bhaashalo unnappatikee, islaameekaranaku addamkulanu yerparachavalasina avasaram jaateeya bhashala vadakanni avasaramayyela chesi, jaateeya samskrutula abhivruddhini prothsahinchindi. voscoposa paatasaalallo greeku bodhana kosam valachian mariyu albanian bhashalanu kooda upayoginchaaru, alaage valachian bhaashalooni pustakaalu kooda daani mudranalayalalo mudrinchabaddaayi. voscoposa rachayitalu mariyu saahasamla rachanalu european ghnaanoodayam yokka aalochanalalo konni amsaalanu teesukuvacchaayi. vaatilo atyanta vishishtamainadi teoder kavaljoti. hetch yokka gamanikala prakaram.ii. prachurinchabadani kavaljoti rachana ayina thunman, chaalaa varaku tatvasaastram yokka daadaapu anni saakhala nundi vacchina samasyalatho vyavaharistundi. idhi plato, descartes, melbranch mariyu leibniz prabhavanni chooputundi.
prarambha aadhunika kaalam.
islam mariyu mukhyamgaa sufiyism aadesaala prabhavam, mariyu aakramanadaarudi samskruti phalitaalalo okati, 18va sataabdamloo kavitva paatasaala aavirbhavam, ledhaa albanian bhaashalo vraasina saahityam, conny arabic varnamaala dwara. daani rachayitalu nejim fraculla, sulageman naibi, husson jaiko kamberi, shahin mariyu dalip frasheri mariyu itarulu tama rachanalalo oriental saahityam nundi teesukunna muulaamsaalatoe vyavaharinchaaru, matha grandhaalu mariyu kavitvaanni oriyantalijamlache oopiraadaka bhaashalo raasaaru mariyu mataparamaina geetam mariyu itihaasaanni abhivruddhi chesaaru. beztections kavitvam aaa samayamlo istanbul mariyu madhyapraachyamlo turkish, pertian mariyu arabic saahitya namuunaalachae balamgaa prabhaavitamaindi. turkish mariyu pertian padyaalalo prabalamgaa unna chaalaa sailulu mariyu roopaalu albanian bhaashalo kanipistaayi. vivikta kavitalu ledhaa diwan laloe unnaih murabba, quatrine; ilahi, mataparamaina shlokaalu; casside, arabbulu ishtapade podavaina panegrik oods; mariyu gajal, chinna kavitalu, tarachugaa turklu mariyu pertianlu ishtapade prema saahityam. vishayam tarachugaa mataparamainadi, dhyanaparamga sannihitamainadi ledhaa bahirangamgaa upadesaatmakamainadi, idhi vishwaasaanni vyaapti cheyadaaniki upayogapadutundi. eee padyam yokka oohaatmaka paatra islam yokka pravaahaala nundi prerana pondindi sunnite aadhyaatmikata nundi shiya sufism yokka teevramaina aadhyaatmika golam varaku mariyu taruvaata, marinta udaaramgaa, ayithe bektashi pantheism yokka samaanamaina aadhyaatmika pratibimbaalu varaku. loukika padyaalu kooda sambhavistaayih prema saahityam, prakruti kavitvam mariyu chaaritraka mariyu taatvika padyam.
beztections loe modati pradhana kavi nejim fraculla (1680-1760), athanu iddaru divansto sahaa turkish, pertian mariyu arabic bhaashalalo thana modati kavitvam raasaadu. 1731 mariyu 1735 madhya athanu albanian bhaashalo diwan mariyu aneka itara kavitvaalanu, alaage padya roopamlo albanian-turkish nighantuvunu rachinchaadu. athani diwan loe sthaanika paasaalu mariyu sainika pracharalapai panegricks nundi, snehitulu mariyu pooshakulapai oods varaku, thana snehitulu mariyu premikula nundi vidipovadam mariyu vaari kosam aaratam gurinchi kavitalu, vasantakaalamlo prakruti vivarana, mataparamaina padyam mariyu mukhyamgaa prema saahityam unnaayi.
maroe prasiddha beztections husson jaiko kamberi, athanu thana pradhana rachana 200 paejeela (padya sekarana) dwara albanian saahityamlo muslim sampradaayaaniki atyanta aadhipatya pratinidhulalo okadu. kamberi yokka loukika padyam vistruta shreni itivruttaalanu kaligi undhi.
19va sataabdam.
19va sataabdamloo, balkanlalo jaateeya udyamaala sataabdam, albanianlu rashtram, bhasha mariyu samskruti yokka ekikruta abhivruddhi yokka taginanta sampradaayam lekunda, badulugaa, vamsam mariyu bandhutvam yokka aadhipatyam nundi vaarasatvamgaa pondina vyaktigata mariyu praantiiya manastatvamtho, tatphalitamgaa abhivruddhi chendani jaateeya manassakshi, sahajamaina tirugubaatu sphuurtitoe unnatlu kanugonnaru. eee chaaritraka saamskrutika paristhitiloo udbhavinchi, "rilindja kombetare" (jaateeya punarujjeevanam) anie piluvabade vyavastheekruta saiddhaantika, sainika, saahitya udyamaanni puurtigaa abhivruddhi chesindi. idhi jaateeya srungaaravaadam mariyu ghnaanoodayam yokka aalochanala nundi prerana pondindi, ivi albanian medhaavula vargalalo, pradhanamgaa italeelooni paatha sthaavaraalalo valasa vachinavaaru mariyu iteevali istanbul, bucharest, united states, sofiya mariyu kairo laloe pempondinchabaddaayi.
jaateeya punarujjeevanam, albanianlanu samskruti bhashaga pempondinchadam, jaateeya vidya yokka samstha mariyu saamskrutika sthaayilo jaateeya saahityaanni sthaapinchadam alaage swatantra rashtra srushti-ivi albanian srungaaravaada paatasaalaku janmanicchina eee udyamam yokka lakshyalu. idhi jaateeya vimukti sphuurtitoe, valasadaarula vyaamoham mariyu gatha veerochita yuddhaala alankaarika karunatho nimpabadindi. eee saahitya paatasaala kavitvaanni ekkuvagaa abhivruddhi chesindi. muulaamsaalu mariyu kavita roopaalaku sambandhinchi, daani heero naitika vyakti, poraata albanian mariyu kontavaraku vishaadakaramaina vyakti. idhi jaanapada sampradaayamtho daggari sambandham kaligi undhi.
eee sampradaayaanni anusarinchadam mariyu mariyu geronim dii raada prachurinchina "rhapsody teey nje kavita arbereshe" (oka arberesh padyam yokka rhapsody), rhapsody) jeff zubani prachurinchina "permbledge teey kengway populore dhee rhapsody teey kavita shkiptare" (albanian jaanapada paatalu mariyu albanian kavitala rhapsodyla sekarana), sekarana) thimi mitco prachurinchina "bleta shkiptare" (albanian theneteega).albanianla sanklishta jaathi mariyu saamskrutika gurtimpunu sthaapinchadaaniki jaateeya punarujjeevanam yokka saamskrutika kaaryakramamlo bhaagamgaa unnaayi.
19va sataabdapu albanian srungaaravaadaaniki iddaru goppa pratinidhuluh geronim dii raada (1814-1903), mariyu naim frasheri (1846-1900), albanialo janminchaaru, ayoninaloni josemialo chaduvukunnaru, conny istanbul loe valasa vacchi maraninchaaru. modatidi european romanticism vaataavaranamloo perigina albanian srungaara kavi, rendavadi albanian romanticist mariyu pantheast, athanu thana kavitvamlo thoorpu kavitvam, mukhyamgaa pertian prabhavanni paaschaatya romanticism kavitvam yokka sphuurtitoe vileenam chestaadu.
dii raada albanian rhapsodyla shaililo mahakavya-saahitya kavitala chakranni rachinchaaduh "kenget eah milosos" (milosavo paatalu), 1836, "serafina topia" 1839, "skenderby ii paphat" (duradrushtakaramaina scanderbeg) 1872-1874 modalainavi. scanderbeg sataabdaaniki jaateeya yugalanu srushtinchaalanae aasayamtho. johann gottfried hearder jadalanu anusarinchi, dii raada thana kavitvamlo jaanapada paatala patla premanu penchi, daanini ethnographic rangulalo chitrinchaadu. athani rachanalu albanian jeevitam daani vilakshanhamaina acharalu mariyu maanasikatalato mariyu albania ottoman paalanaloki vacchina 15va sataabdapu albanian natakam rendintinee pratibimbistaayi. vyakti yokka aanandam mariyu desham yokka vishaadam madhya sangharshana, nadhi odduna unna drushyaalu, mahilalu polaallo godhumalanu sekarinchadam, yuddhaaniki vellae purushudu mariyu bhaarya thana beltnu embroidery cheyadam, annee sunnitamaina geetha bhaavanatho suuchimchabadataayi.
naim frasheri oka matasambandhamaina padyam "bageti eah buzcasia" (gorrela kaaparulu mariyu raitulu) (1886), taatvika, deshabhakti mariyu prema saahityaala samaharam "lulet eah veres" (vesavi puvvulu), (1890), scanderbeg "histori eah scanderbet" (scanderbeg charitra) (1898), oka mataparamaina itihaasa padyam "kerbelaza" (1898), greeku bhaashalo rendu kavitalu "oo eros" (i.ii. oo love) mariyu (ii.ii. albanianla nijamaina korika), pertian "tahajilat" (kala) looni konni saahityam mariyu albanianlo aneka panditya rachanalu. ayana albanianla goppa jaateeya kaviga gurtinchabaddaaru. frasheri albanian kavitvamlo aadhunika saahityaanni sthaapinchaaru. kanya yokka "booklics" mariyu "georgic" sphuurtitoe, thana (gorrela kaaparulu mariyu raitulu) loe athanu thana pitrubhoomiloni andaalaku oka shlokam vraasi, valasa kavi yokka vyaamoham mariyu albanian anae garvaanni vyaktam cheyadam dwara bhuu saagu mariyu gorrela kaapari rachanalaku paadaaru. ayana janmasthalam, albanialoni parvataalu, polaalu, ayana puurveekula samadhulu, ayana balyam ghnaapakaalu, ayana prerananu saahitya balam, preranatho nimputaayi.
oka vaipu madhyayuga, praachya manastatvam yokka golusula nundi vimukti pondina vyakti yokka antargata anubhavalu mariyu marovaipu european srungaaravaadam yokka kaavyaatmaka sarvadevataaraadhanatho kuudina taatvika sarvadevataaraadhana, frasheri yokka saahitya dhyaanaalaku saarvatrika maanava mariyu taatvika koonaanni istayi. lulet eah veres" (vesavi puvvulu) sekaranaloni atyanta andamaina kavitalu jeevitam mariyu maranampai taatvika saahityam, samayam gadichekoddi mariyu eppatikee tirigi rakapoyina, manishi hrudayamlo baadhinche ghnaapakaalanu vadili, srushtikarta vishwamtho karigipotadu. naim frasheri albanianla jaateeya saahityam mariyu jaateeya saahitya bhasha sthaapakudu. athanu albanian bhashanu aadhunika samskruti bhashaga penchi, daanini prajaadarana pondina prasangam yokka namoonaga abhivruddhi chesaadu.
jeff serembe kavitvam dwara romantic heero yokka prapanchaanni daani balamaina bhaavaalato albanian romantisijaniki teesukuvastaaru. punarujjeevanam chivarilo jeevinchina endrey mejeda mariyu andon jaco kajupi kavitvam albanian saahityamlo srungaara kalaatmaka vyavastha vichchinnam ayye sankethaalanu kaligi undhi.
Çajupi (1866-1930) oka graameena kavi, albania yokka mistral anie piluvabade jaanapada pakshi rakam; athanu albanian saahityaaniki acharala haasyam mariyu chaaritraka itivruttaala vishaadaanni teesukuvacchaadu. alegjaandriyaaloni french kalaasaala mariyu geniva vishwavidyaalayam nundi pattabhadrudaina, french saahityamlo manchi paarangati kaligina, lajupi, laa fantine kathalanu albanianloki anuvadinchina modati vyaktulalo okaru, tadwara prapancha saahityam yokka rachanalanu albanianloki anuvadinchadaaniki mariyu sweekarinchadaaniki maargam terichindi, idhi prapancha samskrutitoe communicationku pradhana margalalo okatigaa undhi mariyu ippatikee undhi.
eee kaalaaniki chendina pramukha rachayitaluh naum vekilaharshi, saami frasheri, vaso pasha, geronim dii raada, gavril daaraa dhi younger, jeff serembe, naim frasheri, dora dii 'austria, andon jaco kajupi, endrey mejeda, luigz gurakuki, phillip shiroka, mihal grameno, risto siliki, alexander stavrey drenova modalainavi.
aadhunika kaalam.
swaatantryam.
rendu prapancha yuddhaala madhya albanian saahityam teesukunna pradhana dhisha vaastavikata, conny idhi srungaaravaadam yokka avasheshaalanu kooda kaligi undhi.
gizerz fishta (1871-1940), jaateeya yugam vedalpu "dhi highland lute" ("lahuta eah malesis") yokka kavitanu 17.000 padyaalalo, albanian chaaritraka mariyu puraana yugaala sphuurtitoe, uttara highlanderla pooraataalanu slaav daadulaku vyatiraekamgaa varninchaaru. eee rachanatho ayana albanianla yokka goppa itihaasa kaviga migilipoyaru. franciscon poojaari, paandityamugala mariyu italian academy sabhyudu, gerz fishta albanian samskruti yokka bahumukha vyaktitvamha puraana mariyu saahitya kavi, pracharakudu mariyu vyangya rachayita, naataka rachayita mariyu anuvaadakudu, rendu yuddhaala madhya albanian saamskrutika mariyu raajakeeya jeevitamlo churukaina paalgonevaaru. ayana pradhana rachana, "dhi highland lute" (1937, aangla sanchika 2005), albanian jeevitam mariyu manastatvaaniki pratibimbam, chaaritraka mariyu puraana dopidilu, sampradaayaalu mariyu ettaina praantaala acharala yokka kaavyaatmaka mosaic, oka paatha prajala charitra yokka pratyaksha kudyachitram, idhi daani madhyalo sataabdaala pravaham venta athani jeevitamlooni kalvareelo chekkina albanian rakanni unchutundi, idhi ataniki krooramgaa undhi. fishta yokka padyam daani vistaaramaina bhasha sampadatho vaeru cheyabadindi, idhi ettaina praantaala prajaadarana pondina prasangam yokka goppatanaaniki, sajeevamaina mariyu anantamaina padajaalam mariyu spashtamaina vaakyanirmaana nirmaanaala vaividhyaaniki oka bhandagaram, idhi kavita vyakteekaranaku saktini mariyu balaanni istundi. deshabhakti padyamtho kuudina "mirjee ii janave" (yakshinula 'meed) mariyu mataparamaina aatma yokka padyaalatoe kuudina "vallaja ii parijit" (paris yokka nrutyam) anae kavita sekaranalu fishtanu suddhi chesina geetha kaviga suuchistaayi, ayithe athani itara rachanalu "anjat ii pernacit" (pernassus yokka annices) mariyu "gomari ii babatasit" (babatas gaadida) atanni punaraavrutam cheyaleni vyangya kaviga suuchistaayi. naataka rangamlo, "juda makabe" mariyu "iphigenia enn 'aulli" baibil mariyu pouraanika itivruttaalato athani vishaadaalatoe paatu prastaavinchabadavachchu.
vaastavikataku vilakshanhamaina pratinidhi millosh gizerz nikolla, migjeni (1913-1938). ayana kavitvam "free padyam" ("worgjet eah lira", 1936; inglish, 2015), gadyam aaa kaalapu samaajamlo vyakti yokka dukkham mariyu vishaadakaramaina sthithipai teevramaina saamyavaada vaastavikata dwara vyaapinchayi. ayana rachanala paatralu albanian samaajamlooni atyalpa vargaalaku chendina vyaktulu. migjeni kathalalo konni suukshmachitramloo navalalu; vaati itivruttaalu samsthalatho vyakti yokka sangharshananu mariyu pitruswamya mariyu sampradaayavaada naitikatanu suuchistaayi. migjeni pratibha yokka tirugubaatu swabhaavam kavitvam mariyu kathanamlo kotta shaili mariyu roopaalanu teesukuraavadam dwara albanian kavitvam mariyu gadya sampradaayavaadaanni vichchinnam chesindi. athanu albanian saahityamlo goppa samskartalalo okadu, modati goppa aadhunika albanian rachayita.
bhinnamaina swabhaavam gala kavita pratibha, adbhutamaina geetha kavi ayina lasgush poradesi (1899-1987) mruduvaina mariyu vecchani kavitvaanni raasaaru, conny lothaina aalochana mariyu manoharamaina sangeetamtho "valja eah yejev" (nakshatraala nrutyam), 1933, "yalli ii gemrase" (hridaya nakshatram), 1937.
fyaan stillion noli (1882-1965) f.ess. noli atyanta bahumukha vyaktulalo okaru-ayana vishishta kavi, charitrakaarudu, naataka rachayita, soundaryavetta mariyu sangeeta shaastravetta, pracharakudu, anuvaadakudu mariyu albanianlo praaveenyam kaligina vyakti. thana kavitvam, kaalpanikam kaani, shaastreeya mariyu mataparamaina gadyamtho paatu thana anuvaadaalatoe, aadhunika albanian abhivruddhilo noli praathamika paatra pooshinchindi. prapancha saahityam yokka thana sonta anuvaadaalaku ayana parichayalu aayananu yuddhaantara kaalamlo albania yokka agrashreni saahitya vimarsakudigaa marchai. ayana "dhi awakening" mariyu "israelis und philiciastines" naatakaalanu raasaaru mariyu mariyu "beethoven und dhi french revolution" anae adhyayananni aanglamlo prachurinchaaru.
rendu yuddhaala madhya albanian saahityamlo bhavodvegavadam (fokian postoli, mihal gremeno) mariyu aalasyamaina saastreeyavaadam, mukhyamgaa naatakamlo (ett 'hemm haxiademy) vyakteekaranalu laevu. aadhunika pokadalu, bhavaprakatana, prateekavaadam modalaina vaati vyakteekaranalu. kontamandi rachayitala (migjeni, poradesi mariyu asdreni) rachanalalo vivikta drugvishayaalu unnaayi, ivi oka paatasaalanu erpaatu cheyadamlo vijayavantam kaaledu. gadyam (migjeni, eff. ess. noli, fake konitza, ernest kolikhi, mitrash kuteli modalainavi.) natakam mariyu vyangya (gizerz fishta, christo flocky) kavitvaaniki samaantaramgaa abhivruddhi chendaayi. ernest kolikhi thana schoder pattanam ("tregtor flamuzsh", (jendaala vyapari), 1935 nundi rangulatho nindina suukshma gadyaanni rachinchaadu. mitrash kuteli albanian maantrikudu, jaanapada kathana sailini "nett shikiptare" (albanian nites) 1938; "puurvam jaakupi" 1943; "cuplan aagaa ii shahban shpates" (shahban shpata yokka cuplan aagaa), 1944.
albanian gadyaaniki aadhunika chitraanni andinchina master fake konika. oka prasiddha kutumbam nundi vacchina ayana, thana jeevitamlo, paniloo balamgaa vyaktamaina unnatavargaaniki chendina manassakshini vaarasatvamgaa pondina ayana, ottoman vrutti nundi vaarasatvamgaa vacchina praachya manastatvaanni, thana rachanalo oka vyangyamgaa anuvadinchina oka haasya chirunavvutho, vismarinchaaru. anni pradhana european bhaashalalo mariyu konni thoorpu bhaashalalo parignaanam unna, vidaeseeyulu "walking encyclopedia" anie piliche gilloum apolynaire snehitudu, konitza albanian samskrutiki paaschaatya medho namoonaga maarindi. thana yavvanam nundi ayana jaateeya udyamaaniki ankitabhaavamtho unnaaru, conny punarujjeevanam yokka pouraanika, aadarsavantamaina mariyu srungaarabharitamaina bhavanaku viruddhamgaa, ayana vimarsala sphuurtini teesukuvacchaaru mariyu thana sonta aalochanala kosam badhapaduthunna aadarsavaadi yokka shaashwata badhanu anubhavinchaaru. athanu "albania" patrikanu (brassels 1897-1900, london 1902-1909) sthaapinchaadu, idhi punarujjeevanamlo atyanta mukhyamaina albanian patrika samsthagaa maarindi. pracharakudu, vyaasakarta, kavi, gadya rachayita, anuvaadakudu mariyu saahitya vimarsakudu, itarulatoe paatu, "ell albani ett less turks" (paris 1895), "memoir surr lae mouvement national albanise" (brassels, 1899), navalalu "enje ambasade eah julluve neey paris" (paarislooni julu yokka rayabara karyalayam) (1922) mariyu "doctor jilpera" (doctor suudi) (1924), alaage alaage masachusetslo maranaanantaram prachurinchabadina chaaritraka-saamskrutika rachana "albania-dhi rock garden off south-eastern eurup" yokka rachayita.
rendu yuddhaala madhya kaalamlo italii albanianla saahityam 19va sataabdapu srungaaravaada paatasaala sampradaayaanni konasaaginchindi. jeff skiro (1865-1927) thana rachana "ktimi" (return), 1913, "thee dhyuu ii huyaz" (videshee neelaloo), 1940 dwara, scanderbeg maranam taruvaata 15va sataabdam nundi valasa vacchina albanianla chaaritraka gnaapakaanni tirigi pondaalani korukunnadu.
albanialo mariyu videshaalalo prachurinchabadina albanian romanticism yokka maroka pramukha rachayita lazar ephimidhi. sorban graduate ayina ayana albanian paatakudiki paaschaatya saahityamlooni pradhana rachanalanu parichayam chestu aneka vyasalu raasaaru. athanu hohns christian anderson vanti rachayitala rachanalanu kooda anuvadinchaadu mariyu aneka mukhyamaina anuvaadaalalo gerge fishta mariyu itarulatoe kalisi panicheesaadu. merushja" anae paerutoe ayana raasina chinna kathala sankalanam albanian srungaaravaadam mariyu maanavatvam yokka mutyamu mariyu dheenini 1932 london editiontho sahaa aneka gruhalu prachurinchaayi.
eee kaalaaniki chendina pramukha rachayitaluh fyaan stillion noli, gizerz fishta, fake konitza, haaki stermilly, lasgush poradesi, mitrash kuteli, migjeni modalainavi.
socialism.
albanialo communistu swaadheenam taruvaata teevramaina raajakeeya maarpu, puurva-vii saahitya sampradaayaalaku sambandhaalaku antaraayam kaliginchindi. kotta paalana "paatha paalana" pratinidhulugaa pariganinchabade medhaavulu mariyu rachayitala patla chaalaa anumaanaaspada vaikharini kaligi undhi. aaa samvatsaraalalo rachayitalapai apakhyaati paalaina mantragatte vaetalu jarigaayi. soviet unionlo unionlo stallin chepattina paddhatulu mariyu vidhanalu 46 samvatsaraala communist paalanalo albanialo vartimpajeyabaddaayi.
communistu albania yokka raajakeeya mariyu saamskrutika sandarbhamlo, rachayitalu palanaku puurti vidheyata mariyu sevanu enchukovachhu, albanian rachayitala sanghamlooni vamsaalatoe raajeepadavachchu ledhaa vaari rachanalanu prachurinchadam maaneyavachhu. taruvaati empika "sorugula saahityam" srushtiki daariteesindi. ayinappatikee communistu adhikaarula nundi kathinamaina nigha kaaranamgaa chaalaa takkuva mandhi rachayitalu tama rachanalanu daachagaligaaru, mariyu evaruu vaari rachanalanu chattaviruddhamgaa prasaram cheyalekapoyaru, kabatti albanialo communist kaalam antataa samizdat unikilo ledhu. adhikarulu anumanaspadamga bhaavinchina rachayitalanu vichaaranhatho ledhaa vichaarana lekunda arrestu chesaaru, khaidu chesaaru ledhaa uriteesaaru.
eee kaalapu saahityam soshalistu vaastavikata yokka chatramlo abhivruddhi chendindi, adhikaarika vidhanam anumatinchina ekaika dhisha. albanian rachayitalu pakshapaata yuddham mariyu soshalijamnu nirminche prayatnaalapai drushti pettavalasi vachindi, alaage ksheenistunna paaschaatya samskruti prabhavanni kooda nirodhinchaalsi vachindi. communistu bhaavajaalam mariyu raajakeeyaalaku dohadam cheyani vishayalanu nishiddhamgaa bhaavinchaaru. nishiddha vishayalanu anukuula paddhatiloo vyavaharinchadam teevra asammatiki samanam.
atyanta vistrutamaina navala naitika mariyu chaaritraka paatra yokka saamyavaada vaastavikata navala, saralamaina vishayamtho (jacov jokesa, sterzo spasse, fatmir jijata), conny kathinamaina kuurpu, bahiranga kavitvam mariyu aalochanalu mariyu chaaritraka saaruupyatala (ismail kadare, petro marco) anubandham nundi veluvade taatvika aadharam, alaage vyangya navalalu laevu. oka vyangya navala dritero agoli rachinchina "dhi raiz und phaal off comrade jailo".
eee chinna katha mariyu navalanu dhimiter shuterikhi, teoder laco, dhimiter shuwani, petrack joto mariyu itarulu abhivruddhi chesaaru; kavitvam ismail kaadare, dritero agoli, phatos arapi, jevahir spahiyu, mimoja ahmeti mariyu itarulu. drama mariyu comedy (spiro Çomora, "karnavalet eah courses" (korka yokka corniwall), 1961) takkuva sthaayilo abhivruddhi chendaayi.
samakaaleena kaalam.
albania yokka atyanta prasiddha samakaaleena rachayita rachayita janminchina ismail kaadare, ayana navalalu 45 bhaashalaloki anuvadinchabaddaayi. ayana navalalu "dhi general off dhi ded armi" (1963), "dhi sease" (1970), "chronicle inn stone" (1971), "dhi three-arch bridge" (1978), "breaked april" (1980), "dhi file aann hetch."(1981)," "dhi pales off dreams" "(1981)," "dhi pyramid" "(1992); mariyu" "varasudu" "(2002), kaadare albanian saahityaanni aadhunika european saahityam yokka pradhana sravantiloki teesukuvacchaaru".
kaadare rachanala kendra itivruttam nirankusatvam mariyu daani vidhanalu. ayana rachanalu albanian jeevitam yokka kalaatmaka encyclopedianu suuchistaayi. rachayita kalaatmakata dwara filter cheyabadina albania yokka tatvasaastram, nammakalu, natakalu mariyu chaaritraka mariyu saamskrutika sampradaayaalu, kaadare rachanalo albanian prajala aadhyaatmika samskruti yokka saktini vyaktam chestaayi. chaaritraka saaruupyatalu, upamanalu mariyu anubandhalu, albanian itihaasaalu mariyu puraanaalanu vistrutamgaa upayoginchi kaadare aadhunika gadyaanni srushtistaadu. madhyayuga puraanaalu mariyu gaathalu yokka itihaasa prapancham nundi praarambhinchi, kaadare gadyam aadhunika prapanchaaniki vaati auchityaanni choopinchadam dwara puraatana jaanapada sampradaayaalanu 'naveenamaina' vishayamgaa teesukuvastundi.
teesukuvastundi kadareku prix mondial sino dell ducanu pradaanam chesaaru; chesaaru;, pasuvula pempakandaarula bahumati; bahumati;, prarambha myaan booker antarjaateeya bahumati; bahumati;, dhi prins off asturias avaardu off arts; mariyu mariyu, jerusalem bahumati. aayanaku aayanaku park kyang-nii bahumati, bahumati newstad antarjaateeya saahitya bahumati labhinchindi. labhinchindi france aayananu france yokka academy dess sciences morals ett politics loe videshee sahacharudiga chesindi, chesindi ayana "commander dii laa legian dii hohner" graheetagaa unnaaru. ayana saahityamlo nobel bahumatiki 15 saarlu nominate ayyaru. 1990la nundi, albanialoni rendu pradhana raajakeeya paarteelu albaniaku ekaabhipraaya adhyakshudiga maaraalani kadaarenu korai, conny niraakarinchaayi.
newstad bahumati kosam ayana nominate chesina nyaayanirnaeta ilaa vraasaaru "kadare franz kafka varasudu. kafka nundi evaruu nirankusa shakti yokka naraka yantraangam mariyu maanava aatmapai daani prabhavanni kadare antha hypnotic lothulo pariseelinchaledu."athani rachanalanu nikolay gogol, georg arvel, gabriel garsia markwez, milan kundera mariyu balzaclatho kooda poolchaaru. kathinamaina sensorship samayamlo albanialo nivasistunna kadare, upamaanam, puraanam, kalpita katha, jaanapada katha, upamaanam mariyu puraanam vanti parikaraalanu upayoginchi, thana moodu pustakaalanu nishedhinchina communist sensaarlanu adhigaminchadaaniki mosapurita vyuuhaalanu roopondinchaadu, indulo dwandwa-saaraamsam, suuchana, suuchana, vyangya mariyu coded sandeshaalu challabaddayi. challabaddayi, communistu paalana mariyu daani "sigurimi" rahasya pooliisula nundi tappinchukovadaaniki athanu paarisku firayinchadu. "dhi newyork times" athanu albanialo prajaadarana pondina jaateeya vyakti anie, bahusha united stateslo iddaritoe polchavachhu, mariyu "kadare pustakam laeni albanian kutumbam arudugaa undhi" anie anie mariyu 21va sataabdaala goppa rachayitalu mariyu medhaavulalo okarigaa kadaarenu kondaru pariganistaaru.
ridwan dibra samakaaleena albanian saahityamlo pramukha vyakti, mariyu aneka vinootna rachanala rachayita. ayana raasina "legzenda ii vetmis" (ekaantam yokka puraanam) navala kosam 2012 samvatsarapu uttama albanian navalaku "rexoy surroy prize" thoo sahaa aneka jaateeya mariyu antarjaateeya bahumatulu aayanaku labhinchaayi. jeevinchi unna aiduguru goppa albanian rachayithalalo okarigaa ayana piluvabaddaru.
luljeta llationaku nedu atyanta mukhyamaina mariyu atyanta prasamsalu pondina albanian kavulalo okaru. aame edu samputaala kavitva rachayitri, vaatilo konni vividha bhaashalaloki anuvadinchabaddaayi. aangla anuvaadaalalo "fresco" (2002), "chiled off nature" (2010), "haywire nyuu und selected poems" (2011) mariyu "negative space" (2018) unnaayi, dheeni anuvaadam anie gigica dwara 2019 griffin kavitvam bahumati kosam empika cheyabadindi. aame european kavulaku 2009 christal vilenica avaardunu andukunnaru. 
andukunnaru elbasonlo janminchina phatos kongoli, samakaaleena albanian saahityamlo atyanta saktivantamaina mariyu nammadagina pratinidhulalo okarigaa pariganinchabaddaadu. albanialo stallinist niyantrutva samayamlo ayana yea mukhyamaina rachanalanu vraayalaedu ledhaa prachurinchaledu. paalana patanam taruvaata ayana thana navala "dhi lasser" (1992) thoo praamukhyata pondaaru. athani navalalu hoxa paalana yokka samvatsaraalu mariyu parinaamaala gurinchi vivaristaayi, albanian samajam gatamlooni raakshasulanu kadilinchaleka prajaswaamyamgaa maarutundi.
itara mukhyamaina rachayithalalo benn blushy, albanianla islaameekaranhatho vyavaharinchae "living aann yaan iland" (2008) anae toli navala albanialo communism patanam taruvaata atyadhikamgaa ammudaina pustakamgaa maarindi. ayana rendava navala, "otello, dhi moor off vlora" (2009), saahityaaniki european union bahumatini andukundi. ayana taruvaati navalalu jaateeyamgaa atyadhikamgaa ammudaina navalaluga marai.

