
thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelalu

thoorpu kalakatta chittadi neelalu, (22,027 'n 88,027' e), bharatadesamloni paschima bengaalloni kalakatta (kolkata) nagaraniki thoorpuna unna sahaja mariyu maanava nirmita chittadi neelala samudaayam. chittadi neelalu 125 chadarapu kilometres vistiirnamloo unnaayi, veetilo uppu chittadi neelalu, vyavasaya polaalu, muruguneeti polaalu, sthirapadina cheruvulu unnaayi. chittadi neelalanu kolkata muruguneetini suddhi cheyadaaniki kooda upayogistaaru, mariyu muruguneetilo unde poeshakaalu chepala polaalu mariyu vyavasayanni konasaagistaayi.
thoorpu kalakatta chittadi neelala paerunu paryaavarana vyavastha nirvahana commission, iucn, pratyeka salaha (vyavasaya paryaavarana vyavasthalu) divangata dhrubajyoti ghosh roopondinchaaru, veeru paschima bengaul prabhutva neeti & paarisuddhya vibhaagamlo injaneergaa panichestunnappudu, nagaramloni eee nammasakyam kaani nirlakshyam cheyabadina bhaagaaniki cherukunnaru, athanu eee prasnaku samadhanam kosam vetukutunnaduh nagara muruguneeti sarigga emi jarugutundi? kevalam matsya sampadagaa piluvabade eee sahaja jala vanarulu dheeniki samadhanam icchaayi. sthaanika matsyakaarulu mariyu raitulu roopondinchina eee chittadi neelalu, vaastavaaniki, nagaraniki sahaja muruguneeti suddhi karmagaramga panicheesaayi. thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelalu prapanchamlone atipedda muruguneeti aadhaarita jalasamvardhakaaniki aatidhyam istayi. .
thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelalanu rakshinchadam.
1991loe paschima bengaul prabhutvam oka pravaasa bhaaratheeyudu prapancha vaanijya kendraanni nirminchaalanna pratipaadananu angeekarinchindi mariyu eee prayojanam kosam 227 ekaraala chittadi neelalanu ketaayinchindi. phalitamgaa, enn. zii. oo prajalu kalakattaalo (public) merugaina jeevanam kosam ikyamai, chittadi neelala praamukhyata mariyu vaatini elaa vadileyali anae daanipai kalakatta highcourtulo praja prayojana vyajyaanni daakhalu chesaaru. eee amsampai justice umesh chandra benerjea icchina teerpu oka mylurayiga pariganinchabadutundi. idhi chittadi neelala nirvachanam mariyu australia mariyu us vanti deshaalalo vaati sthithini sameekshinchadame kakunda, suukshma vaataavarana paristhitulanu nirvahinchadamlo, kalushyanni grahinchadamlo vaati kriyaatmaka viluvalu mariyu paatrapai thana swantha parisoedhananu kooda teesukuvacchaadu...jala vrukshajaalaaniki aavasalu... idhi chindatam pareevaahaka praantaanni mariyu paryaavarana vyavastha yokka durbalatvaanni andistundi."phalitamgaa prapancha vaanijya kendram pratipaadana daani asalu roopamlo tiraskarinchabadindi mariyu kathinamaina sharatulu vidhinchabaddaayih" chittadi neelanu samrakshinchaalani mariyu jokyam ledhaa punaruddharananu anumatinchakudadani paryaavaranavettalu vyaktam chesina abhipraayamtho ekibhavinchadaniki naaku etuvanti nyaayamaina kaaranam dorakaledu."
1992loe kalakatta haikortu aadesaala meraku rashtra prabhutvam appeal cheyakapoyina teerpunu aamodinchindi. vaastavaaniki, paryaavarana karyadarshi, kalyan biswas, thoorpu kalakatta chittadi neelalanu ramsar samavesam prakaram "antarjaateeya praamukhyata kaligina chittadi naela" gaa gurtinchadaaniki darakhaastu chesaaru. idhi 2002loe pondabadindi. chivaraku, 2006loe, rashtra mariyu poura samaja bhagaswamyanni pratibimbistuu, thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelala (nirvahana mariyu parirakshana) chattam aamodinchabadindi-idhi oka rashtram roopondinchina pradhana paryaavarana chattam yokka modati kesu-kendra prabhutvaaniki bhinnamgaa.
chaalaa mandhi nagara promoterlu bonani kakkar aadhipatyaanni nissabdamgaa angeekarinchaaru. chaalaa mandhi promoterlu tamatho parigananatho oppandam chesukuntamani anamakamga chepparu, lekapothe kakkar naduputunna engio public vaarini kortuku teesukuvelutundi. dheeni vyapara namuunaa paryaavarana samasyalanu aayudhalugaa marchadam mariyu nyayasthaanam mariyu pooliisula promoterlaku muppu kaligistondi. vaarini sthirapadela balavantam cheyandi. anduke ekedablue looni 25,000 aakramanalalo, engio prajalu koddimandini matrame lakshyamgaa chesukunnaru.
samvatsaraalugaa, eee chittadi neelalu nirantara bedirimpulu mariyu aakramanalanu edurkonnaayi. aneka sandarbhaallo, asalu petitioner, public, 1992 teerpu mariyu taruvaata ekedablue chattam aadhaaramgaa vaadinchadaaniki kortuku (haikortu, supreenkortu, national green tribunal) vellalsi vachindi, vaastavaaniki bhuu-kabja prayatnaalalo maaruveshamlo unna project pratipaadanalanu nivaarinchadaaniki. chinna chinna aakramanalu netikee konasaagutunnappatiki, thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelalu ippatikee manugada saagistunnaayi.
parirakshana paddhatulu
1. maidaanamlooni thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelala sarihaddulanu gurtinchadaaniki.
2. thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelalaloo edainaa anadhikaarika abhivruddhi prajectunu aapadaniki, raddu cheyadaaniki mariyu nirodhinchadaaniki charyalu teesukovadam ledhaa uttarvu ivvadam ledhaa anadhikarikamga upayoginchadam ledhaa anadhikara charya cheyadam.
3. thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelalalooni edainaa bhoomipai prakatanala prayojanam kosam erpaatu chesina ledhaa chattaviruddhamgaa pradarsinchina edainaa nilva, frame, post, kiosk, nirmaanam, nion-santakam ledhaa skye-saine nuu koolchiveyadam ledhaa maarchaalani aadesinchadam.
4. thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelalanu rakshinchadam ledhaa parirakshinchadam kosam edainaa ganula tavvakam, travvakam, paeludu ledhaa itara karyakalapalanu nirodhinchadaaniki, nishedhinchadaaniki ledhaa parimitam cheyadaaniki oka uttarvu cheyadam.
5. thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelalaloo kalushyanni tagginchadaaniki charyalu teesukovadam mariyu saadhaaranamgaa vrukshajaalam, jantujaalam mariyu jeevavaividhyaanni parirakshinchadam.
6. ramsar convention kinda eppatikappudu teesukunna teermaanaalu mariyu chesina sifaarsulaku anugunamgaa kaaryaacharana pranaalikalanu siddham cheyadam mariyu thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelala bhuu viniyoga patalanu naveekarinchadam.
7. kaaryaacharana pranaalikalaloo perkonna karyakalapalanu amalu cheyadam mariyu paryaveekshinchadam.
8. parisoedhanalanu prothsahinchadam mariyu vaataadaarulalo atuvanti parisoedhana phalitaalanu vyaapti cheyadam;
9. saadhaaranamgaa chittadi neelalu mariyu mukhyamgaa thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelala prayojanam gurinchi avagahana penchadam.
10. thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelalaloo muruguneeti aadhaarita matsya pempakam mariyu paryaavarana paryatakam vanti praathamika parirakshana suutraalanu prothsahinchadam.
11. thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelalalooni gananeeyamaina neeti vanarula aadhaarita praantaalu mariyu itara praantaalalo bhuu viniyoga niyantrananu amalu cheyadam. 
12. thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelalaloo paryaavarana swabhaavam mariyu bhuu viniyogamlo maarpulanu gurtinchadam.
13. bharatadesamloni itara ramsar saitlatho netvarknu erpaatu cheyadam.
14. eee project paridhiloo vichaarana ledhaa shaastreeya adhyayanam nirvahinchadam.
15. eee project paridhiloo nipunula kamiteeni erpaatu cheyadam.
16. eee project paridhiloo gaali, neeru, matti mariyu itara jeeva vanarula namuunaalanu sekarinchadamtho sahaa edainaa bhoomi ledhaa praamganamloki pravesinchadam.
17. eee project paridhiloo edainaa vibhagam, samstha ledhaa sthaanika samstha nundi sambandhita recordulu mariyu patraalu mariyu samacharam kosam coll cheyadam.
18. thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelala parirakshana mariyu nirvahana prayojanam kosam avasaramaina mariyu sameecheenamaina atuvanti charyanu cheyadam ledhaa atuvanti uttarvunu jaarii cheyadam.
vrukshajaalam.
thoorpu kalakatta chittadi neelalaloo mariyu chuttupakkala sumaru 100 vruksha jaatulu namodu cheyabaddaayi, veetilo
"sagittaria montividensis", "cryptocorine siliata", "cyperus esppi"., acrosticham arium, "ipomia aakvaatika" modalainavi. 1950laloe eee sundarbanlu patuli varaku vistarinchevi.
eee chittadi neelalaloo aneka rakaala neeti podalu perugutaayi. sthaanika raitulu mariyu matsyakaarulu kothanu tagginchadaaniki bhoomi mariyu neeti madhya oka buffernu roopondinchadaaniki neeti haisintnu upayogistaaru.
eee praantamloo pedda sankhyalo kobbari mariyu beatroot chetlu kooda unnaayi. cauliflower, vankaya, gummadikaya, poddutirugudu puvvu mariyu pavitra tulasi vanti aneka rakaala kuuragaayalanu ikkada saagu chestaaru. konni bhuubhaagaalu vari saguku kooda ankitam cheyabaddaayi.
jantujaalam.
thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelalaloo "bheris" anie piluvabade muruguneeti aadhaarita cheruvulalo aneka jaatula chepalanu saagu chestaaru. veetilo sylver corp mariyu tilapia unnaayi.
eee praantam chittadi mungus mariyu chinna bharatiya mungusku kooda nilayam. thoorpu kalakatta chittadi neelalaloo mariyu chuttupakkala thaati sivet mariyu chinna bharatiya sivet mukhyamainavi. eee praantam nundi sumaru 20 ksheeradaalu unnatlu nivedinchabadindi. thoorpu kalakatta chittadi neelaloo kanipinche paamulalo checkard keylback ("faulia piscator"), smooth water paamu ("enhydries enhydries"), buff chaarala keylback ("amphisma stolata") mariyu common branz byaak ledhaa daddins branz byaak ("dendrelaphis tristis") unnaayi. idhi salt lake marsh mungus anie piluvabade ksheerada jaatula rakam praantam. chittadi neelalaloo 40 kii paiga jaatula pakshulanu chudavachu. ayithe pattaneekarana prakriya eee praantam nundi aneka pakshi jaatulu adrushyam kaavadaaniki daariteestoondi. (ghosh, eah, keey, 2004)
muruguneeti suddhi.
abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalalo konnisaarlu sahaja chittadi neelalu elaa upayoginchabadutunnayani kolkata oka udaaharana. chittadi neelala suddeekarana saamarthyaanni upayoginchi, bhaarata nagaramaina kolkata muruguneeti paaraveyadam vyavasthaku maargadarsakatvam vahinchindi. modata oka million (10 laksala) prajalaku vasati kalpinchadaaniki nirminchina kolkata ippudu 1 million (1 kotlaku paiga) mandiki nivasamga undhi, vaarilo daadaapu moodinta oka vanthu mandhi murikivaadalalo nivasistunnaaru. conny 8,000 hectorla thoorpu kolkata chittadi naela ramsar sait, chetla anchula kaaluvalu, kuuragaayala plaatlu, vari gaddi mariyu chepala cheruvula pyaach work-mariyu vaatilo panichese 20,000 mandhi prajalu-pratiroojuu nagaramloni muruguneeti paarudalalo moodinta oka vanthu mariyu daani desheeya vyardhaalalo ekkuva bhaagam chepalu mariyu taja kuuragaayala goppa pantagaa maarustaayi. udaaharanaku, burada matsyakaarula sahakaara sangham anedi 300 kutumbaala samishti, idhi 70 hectorla bhoomini leejuku teesukuntundi, dheenilo nagaram nundi muruguneetini vidudala chestaaru. chamuru, greeju mariyu bhaarii lohalanu grahinchadaaniki ichehornia crossiplu mariyu itara mokkalanu upayoginchadamto sahaa aneka sahaja suddhi prakriyala dwara sahakaara samstha eee praantaanni abhivruddhi chendutunna chepala pempakam mariyu prakruti udyaanavanamgaa maarchindi.
vivaadam.
iteevala akrama pallapu pradaesaalu perugutunnaayi mariyu chittadi neelalu nemmadigaa pravaaha nagaramlo kalisipotunnayi. eee apuurvamaina bhuu abhivruddhi mariyu pattaneekarana paryaavaranampai prabhavam gurinchi aandolanalanu srushtistunnaayi. 
thoorpu kolkataalo real estate prajectula vipareeta vistarana kaaranamgaa mukhyamgaa uppu sarassu mariyu rajarhat sectorlalo chittadi neelalu pramaadamloo unnaayi. eee rojullo, bhuu aakramana mariyu bhuu maarpu thoorpu kolkata chittadi naela (ekedablue) kuu muppu kaliginche mukhyamaina amsaalu. chittadi naela nundi chepala cheruvuku parivartana, i.ii.ockwaculture feeled anedi ekvku (ghosh mariyu itarulaku) sambhaavya muppuga maarindi. 2018).
suukshmajeevula jeevavaividhyam.
suukshmajeevula vaividhyam jeevavaividhyamlo antarbhaagam, indulo bacteria, archia, sileendhraalu, algay, protojova mariyu protistulu (ghosh, eah., 2007). thoorpu kolkata chittadi naela sthuula mariyu suukshma sthaayilo vrukshajaalam mariyu jantujaalam yokka apaaramaina vaividhyaanni chooputundi. oka praantam yokka suukshmajeevula samruddhi anedi daani kanipinchani aasti, dheenini anveshinchi samrakshinchaalsina avasaram undhi. eee. sii. doubleu nundi sekarinchina matti namuunaalu paryaavaranaparamgaa mukhyamainavi matrame kakunda vaanijya viluvanu kaligi unna suukshmajeevula yokka vividha kotta jaatula unikini chuuputaayi (ghosh, eah., 2007). veetilo nitrophenol, nitroeromatic sammelanaalu, purugumandulu mariyu kalupu samhaarakaala ksheenataku kaaranamayye octinobacteria; bhaarii lohala biomeditationku sambandhinchina proteobacteria, mokkala kalapa kanajaalaala ksheenata mariyu recycling, chamuru kalushitamaina matti mariyu vishapuurita sammelanaalu mariyu sinobacterlatho paatu natrajani sthireekarana; loha perukupovadam, chamuru ksheenata, antimicrobial sammelanam utpatti, enjaim utpatti modalaina vaatilo mukhyamaina paatra poeshistunna itara bacteria unnaayi. (ghosh, eah., 2007).
vaataavarana maarpula taggimpuloo paatra.
thoorpu kolkata chittadi naela (ekedablue) vanti muruguneeti aadhaarita jalasamvardhaka aadhaarita krutrima chittadi naela, sambhaavya carbon sink mariyu spin-aafku balamaina udaaharana. ekedablue samvatsaraaniki ~ 1.9 mii. graa. sii/hectornu vaeru cheyagaladu, kaneesam ~ 118 graa. vaataavarana/samvatsaraanni tagginchagaladu. adanamgaa, pandinchina chepala panta dwara carbon teesukovadam samvatsaraaniki ~ 61 gramulaku anugunamgaa untundi-idhi maaku $3.6/kg blue sii pantanu pandinchinanduku bahumatigaa istundi.
parirakshana mariyu nirvahana chattam.
thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelala (parirakshana mariyu nirvahana) chattam, 2006 oka mukhyamaina mailuraayini suuchistumdi, endukante idhi thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelala nirvahana adhikaram (ekwa) nuu parirakshinchadaaniki mariyu nirvahana kosam erpaatu cheyadaaniki maargam sugamam chesindi. chattam, 2006 looni section 3 kinda ekwa erpaatu cheyabadindi. 2017 loe chattam, 2006 looni section 3 (2) savarinchabadindi mariyu ekwa kuurpu maarchabadindi. ekwma anedi paschima bengaul prabhutva pradhana karyadarshi, rashtra prabhutvamloni vividha vibhagala kaaryadarsulato kuudina padamudu (13) sabhyula samstha. alaage rashtra prabhutvam niyaminchina naluguru nipunulu. paschima bengaul prabhutva paryaavarana saakhaku incharge mantri adhyakshatana.
thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelala (parirakshana mariyu nirvahana) chattam, 2006, thoorpu kolkata chittadi neelala (parirakshana mariyu nirvahana) niyamaalu, 2006, mariyu chittadi neelala (parirakshana mariyu nirvahana) niyamaalu, 2017 dwara ekwma maarganirdesam cheyabadutundi. idhi bahusha rashtra chattalanu alaage kendra chattam dwara vartinche chattalanu amalu chesina chittadi naela matrame.
muulaalu.
1. pattana muruguneeru bhaaratadesamlo jeevanopaadhi, aarogyam mariyu paryaavarana prabhavalu gautam gupta rachinchina thoorpu kalakatta chittadi neelala kesu, jadavpur vishwavidyaalayam (chudandihaivmi.sigar.org/... / urban% 20 vyardha jalaalu% 20ws _ kolkata.pdf).
2. ess.rae chaudari, eah. aarr. thakur. thoorpu kolkata chittadi naela yokka suukshmajeevula janyu vanarula mapping. prastuta shaastram, value. 91, ledhu. 2, 2006 25 juulai.
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