
nihawa

pakshi dveepam ledhaa moku manu anie kooda piluvabade nihova (;), janavasalu laeni vaayuvya hawai dheevulalo (enn. doubleu. ii) padhi dveepaalu mariyu pagadapu dibbalalo ettainadi. eee dveepam necker dveepaaniki aagneyamgaa, envi golusu yokka dakshina chivaralo undhi. kavoy dveepaaniki vaayuvya disalo unna enimidi pradhana gaali vaipu hawai deevulaku sameepamlo unna nihawa atyanta sameepa envi. eee dveepamlo rendu sikharaalu unnaayi, paschimaana millers sikharam mariyu thoorpuna tanager sikharam. nihova praantam chuttoo pagadapu dibba undhi. daani kattirinchina roopurekhalu dveepaaniki daani paerunu istundi, idhi "panti" kosam hawai.
eee dveepam 25 jaatula mokkalu mariyu aneka jantuvulaku nilayam, idhi mottam enn. doubleu. ii. loe atyanta vaividhyamaina dveepamgaa nilichindi. nihova finch mariyu nihova millerbird vanti sthaanika pakshulu mariyu "prichardia remota" mariyu "skidia verticillata" vanti sthaanika mokkalu nihovalo matrame kanipistaayi. "amaranthus brouney" nihova meeda arudaina mokkaga pariganinchabadindi mariyu 1983 nundi eee dveepamlo neerugaa gamaninchabadaledu, ippudu antarinchipoyinatlu pariganinchabadutundi. mokkala sanghaalu mariyu raathi bahirgamanalu 18 jaatula samudra pakshulaku goodu kattadam mariyu perching praantaalanu andistaayi, veetilo erra paadaala boobeelu mariyu godhuma rangu naadeelu, terns, shear waters mariyu petrels vantivi unnaayi. puurva charitra sakshyam sthaanika havaianlu 1000 AD loe dveepamlo nivasinchaarani ledhaa sandarsinchaarani suuchistumdi, conny kalakramena nihawa yokka sthaanam ekkuvagaa marchipoyindi, daani paerunu matrame moukhika puraanam samrakshinchindi. kepten james colnet 1788loe eee dveepaanni tirigi kanugonnadu, raani kahumanu 1822loe dheenini sandarsinchaaru. dheenini raajaina kamehameha IV hawai raajyamlo bhaagamgaa chesaaru.
1909loe, nihawa hawai deevula reservationlo bhaagamgaa maarindi, idhi yuu sthaapinchina federal vanyapraanula aasrayam.adhyakshudu theoder roosvelt. tanager yaatra 1923loe dveepaanni survey chesi, daani aneka jaatula samagra jeeva jaabitaanu teesukundi. 1940loe, idhi vaayuvya hawai deevula vanyapraanula aasrayamlo bhaagamaindi mariyu 1988loe, saamskrutikamgaa mukhyamaina puraavastu pradaesaala kaaranamgaa idhi chaaritraka pradaesaala jaateeya registerlo jabita cheyabadindi. 2006loe, idhi papahunumokuke samudra jaateeya smaaraka chihnamlo bhaagamaindi. antarinchipothunna mokkala jaatulu vaati parimita paridhiki minchi pracharam cheyabadela mariyu ex situ sekaranalalo praatinidhyam vahinchela prayatnaalu jarugutunnaayi. saamskrutika mariyu shaastreeya parisoedhana prayojanaala kosam nihonu sandarsinchaalanukune vyaktulaku dveepamlo digadaaniki USFWS jaarii chesina pratyeka-viniyoga anumati avasaram, tadwara nihawa yokka ippatike pelusugaa unna paryaavarana vyavasthaku grahaantara jaatulanu parichayam chese pramaadaanni taggistundi.
bhoogarbha shaastram mariyu bhougolikam.
nihawa anedi aagneyamlo hawai dveepam nundi vaayuvyamlo alutian dveepaala varaku agniparvata dveepaalu, atols mariyu seamountla yokka hawai-chakravarthy seamount golusulo bhaagam. idhi nivaasam laeni vaayuvya hawai dheevulalo (enn. vii. ii) padhi dveepaalalo athi pinna vayaskudu, idhi 7.2 million samvatsaraala kritam erpadindi; atyanta puraatanamaina, cure atol, 30 million samvatsaraala kritam erpadindi. sahasrabdaluga, nihawa gananeeyamaina kothanu anubhavinchindi; necker, french frigate sholes mariyu gardner pinakilsto paatu, niholoni naalugu dveepaalalo okati, idhi ippatikee bahirgatamaina basault rock uparitalaanni kaligi undhi. aaru loyalu uttaram nundi dakshinaaniki vangi, dveepam yokka dakshina bhaagamlo kalustaih paschima loya, paschima thaati loya, miller loya, madhya loya, thoorpu thaati loya mariyu thoorpu loya.
eee loyalu dakshinaana aadam yokka bay vaipu vangi unnaayi, dheeniki samudra guha kooda undhi. 
nihawa looni lakshanaalalo kukka thala sikharam (), daani polikaku paeru pettabadindi, mariyu sikharam sikharam (), takkuva sthithisthaapaka shila ksheeninchinappudu mariyu kathinamaina shila muulakaalaku terichinappudu srushtinchabadina agniparvata paik. eee dveepamlo unna ekaika chadunaina praantam albatras peethabhoomi, idhi miller sikharam krinda undhi. deyyam yokka slide anedi chuttupakkala ettutoe sambandham lekunda digutunna irukaina cheelika. albatras peethabhoomi nundi uttara disagaa vistarinchi, idhi niluvu sikharaala vadda mugustundi, diguva samudram varaku neerugaa padipotundi. eee agaadham loe, arudaina fernlu, oka pedda cricket thoo sahaa aneka sthaanika jaatulato paatu perugutaayi.
eee dveepam thoorpu nundi padamaraku sumaru 1371 meterla podavu, mariyu 274-914 meterla vedalpu kaligi undhi. mottam aakaram sagam jeenu, oka vaipu puurtigaa sikharaalu mariyu maroka vaipu samudram vaipu valuga untundi. 
dveepamlooni ettaina sikharaalalo 277 meterla ettulo miller sikharam mariyu 260 meterla ettulo tanager sikharam unnaayi. unnata sthaayi.
paryaavaranam.
nihawa yokka praapyata lekapovadam mariyu pradhana gwano niksheepaalu lekapovadam eee dveepaanni manavulaku aakarshanheeyam cheyaledu, daani sthaanika jaatulanu antarinchipokunda kaapaadataaniki sahaayapadindi. nihova yokka chinna parimaanam kaaranamgaa, daani sthaanika jeevulu chaalaa varaku antarinchipotunnaayi, endukante dveepam antataa mantalu ledhaa hanikara jaatula parichayam vanti oke oka vipattu mottam janabhanu tudichiveyagaladu. atuvanti oka hanikara jaathi buudida rangu pakshi gaddi, "skistosarka nitense"; 1999 mariyu 2003 madhya kaalam nundi, gaddi jantuvulu dveepamlooni chaalaa vrukshasampadanu naasanam chesaayi mariyu nihaavaaloni mokkala nirantara aarogyaaniki nijamaina muppunu kaliginchaayi. taruvaati samvatsaram, sankhyalu taggai mariyu vrukshasampada mallee pacchagaa maarindi. midutalu bahusha kaavai nundi gaali dwara nihoku vachayi.
dveepam yokka uttara vaipu sikharaalu ekkuvagaa khaliga unnaayi, conny vaalu loyalu vividha rakaala gaddi mariyu podalatho kappabadi unnaayi. eee vaalulapai rendu atyanta saadhaarana gaddi "eragrosis varabilis" mariyu "panicum torridam". 
dveepa vaalulalo "chenopodium sandwichium" mariyu ilima bushes ("sida fallax") vanti vividha rakaala scrubs mariyu podalu kooda unnaayi. 
pratyeka jaatulu
mukhyamaina pakshi praantam.
eee dveepam vaayuvya hawai deevula mukhyamaina pakshi praantam (aiba) loe bhaagamgaa undhi, daani samudra pakshulu mariyu sthaanika bhuu pakshula kaaranamgaa antarjaateeya pakshi jeevitam dheenini gurtinchindi.
praacheena charitra.
prarambha havaiyanlaku nihawa baga telusu. puraavastu dandayaatralu vistrutamaina charitrapurva vyavasaya terruslu mariyu gruha pradaesaalanu kanugonnayi. kaneesam oka pradaesam sumaru 1va sahasraabdi AD naatidi, 867 mariyu 1037 madhya kaalamlo. nihavalo nivasinchina prajala sankhya gurinchi kontha sandeham undhi, endukante pedda terruslu gananeeyamaina sankhyanu suuchistunnappatikii, akkada manchineeru chaalaa takkuvagaa undhi. puraavastu saastravettalu kenneth emory mariyu paal cleghern anchanaa prakaram, eee dveepam gatamlo ataveepraantamgaa unte, daani prastuta sthithiki sambandhinchi idhi manchineeti sarafaraanu penchi undedi, ayithe neeru 100 mandiki maddatu ivvagaladani anchanaa vaesaaru. dveepam yokka praamukhyata kaaranamgaa, eee dveepam 1988loe chaaritraka pradaesaala jaateeya registerlo cherchabadindi, tadanantaram juun 2006loe papahanumokukeya samudra jaateeya smaaraka chihnamlo bhaagamgaa maarindi.
nairuti disalo necker dveepamtho paatu, nihawa, atyanta uttaraana, vivikta, atichinna mariyu podigaa unna agniparvata hawai dheevulalo okati, mariyu athi takkuva dummu mariyu tefra inputnu pondutundi. eee lakshanaalannii pasiphik dheevulalo atavee nirmuulananu balamgaa anchanaa vaeyadaaniki kanugonabaddayi. nihova vidichipettadam atavee nirmuulanatoe mudipadi undavacchu, ayithe idhi niroopinchabadaledu mariyu 1928loe nirvahinchina survey pani samayamlo pradhana paarudala loyalalo chinna chetla thotalanu gurtinchabaddaayi.
dveepamlo namodu cheyabadina kalakhandalu kalapa viniyogamlo samyamaanni pradarsinche pratyaekamaina bhouthika samskrutini suuchistaayi. hawai golusulo marekkada chekkatho tayaaru cheyabadina "kii 'ii" anie piluvabade ginnelu mariyu maanava bommalu vanti aneka kalakhandalu badulugaa raatitoe chekkabaddayi, idhi sudeerghamaina mariyu sramatho kuudina prakriya. dveepamlooni puraavastu pradaesaalu hawai deevulalooni itara sait rakaala maadirigaane untaayi mariyu dveepam yokka nitaruga unna vaalulu, guha aasrayaalu mariyu heyu loe nivaasam mariyu vyavasaya upayogaala kosam nindina muriki mariyu raathi terruslu rendoo unnaayi. kontamandi panditulu nihonu necker dveepamtho saripolina jatagaa bhaavistaaru, ayithe taruvaatidi shaashwata janabhanu kaligi laenatlu kanipistundi.
nihawa mariyu necker deevulalooni heyu hawai golusulo pratyekamainavi, ivi eee kalibatapai nitaruga unna raallatho perigina basault raalla kaalibaatanu suuchistaayi, tarachugaa anchulaku sameepamlo unchutaaru, golusuloni itara dveepaalaku saadhaarana roopaaniki viruddhamgaa, adhika paerchabadina raathi goda dwara suuchimchabadutumdi. eee roopamlo unna vyatyaasam nihawa vidichipettadaaniki mundu saamskrutika nibandhanalapai oka pratyaekamaina drukpathaanni andinche hawai smaaraka vaastusilpam yokka munupati punaraavrutaanni suuchistumdi. eee roopamlo unna vyatyaasaaniki dhanyavaadaalu, panditulu tarachugaa eee nirmaanaalaku sambandhinchi 'heyu' kuu viruddhamgaa 'maare' anae padaanni upayogistaaru mariyu roopamloni maarpu havaayilo aachara aacharanalo maarpunu suuchistumdani kontamandi panditulu vaadistaaru.
prarambha anveshana.
1788 marchi 21naa "prins off wales" kuu chendina kepten james colnet nihonu kanugonna mottamodati paaschaatyudu. nootka sound sanghatanalo thana paatraku spanish chetha khaidu cheyabadinanduna, ingland nundi colnet sudeerghamgaa lekapovadam valla, eee aavishkarana okappudu "iphygenia" yokka kepten vilium daglasku vistrutamgaa gurtimpu pondindi, athanu daadaapu oka samvatsaram taruvaata nihonu chushadu.
prarambha anveshakulu chusina vidichipettina sthaavaraalu nihawa mariyu necker deevulanu 'mystery dheevulu' anie pilavadaaniki kaaranamayyaayi. ayithe, eee padaanni saadhaaranamgaa european samparkaaniki mundu idhe vidhamgaa vidichipettabadina pasifiklooni yea dveepaanni suuchimchadaaniki upayogistaaru. 
18va sataabdam chivari natiki, nihonu chaalaa mandhi havaianlu marchipoyaaru. 1822loe, raani kahumanu mariyu aame bhartha raaju kaumuwali kepten vilium samnartho kalisi nihonu kanugonadaaniki prayaaninchaaru, endukante aame taram eee dveepaanni paatalu mariyu puraanaala dwara matrame telusu. taruvaata, raajaina kamehameha IV hawai raajyamlo bhaagamgaa dveepaanni adhikarikamga vileenam cheyadaaniki akkadiki prayaaninchaadu. chivaraku, 1885loe, yuvarani liliokalaanii thana sahaayakulato kalisi nihoku teerthayaatra chesindi, conny aaa paarteelo okaru pramaadavasaattu adavi mantalanu veliginchinappudu vaari bhojanam tagginchabadindi. samuuham dveepam nundi paaripovadaaniki prayatninchindi, conny perugutunna alalu daanini kashtataram chesaayi mariyu aneka padavalu varadalu vacchi, teesina konni chaayaachitraalanu naasanam chesaayi. eee sandarsanalo chekkina basault ginne kanugonabadindi mariyu raani pradhana dveepaalaku tirigi teesukuvellindi.
1859loe nihawa dveepam yokka sthaanaanni survey scooner, yuu. ess. ess. fenimore cooper nirnayinchindi.
tanagar yaatra.
1923-4 samayamlo tanagar yaatra nihawa dveepam yokka pramukha shaastreeya anveshana. dheeni phalitamgaa vividha jeeva, puraavastu aavishkaranalu jarigaayi.
tanager yaatra dveepam yokka modati puraavastu sarvenu nirvahinchindi. vedikalu, terruslu mariyu maanava avasheshaalatho paatu nihavalo puraatana sthaavaram yokka aadharalu kanugonabaddayi.
amaranthus brouney" yokka namuunaanu kanugonadam mariyu adhikarikamga "acrocephalus parichita king" anie paeru pettabadina nihawa millerbird yokka aavishkarana vanti mukhyamaina sanghatanalu unnaayi.
eee dandayaatralo, dveepamlo aneka vandala laulu abhimanula arachetulu lekkinchabaddaayi. eee samayamlo iravai itara pushpinche mokkalu kooda gurtinchabaddaayi.
anveshana paniki udaaharanalu
tanager dandayaatralo vaaru landing sameepamloni oka guhalo aadhunika matsya shibiram yokka avasheshaalanu kooda kanugonnaru, konni migilipoyina kotlu mariyu biyyam sanchulu unnaayi.