
aavishkaranala vyaptila roman saamrajyam yokka kraistaveekarana

aavishkaranala vyaptiga roman saamrajyam yokka kraistaveekarana anedi roman saamrajyam yokka modati moodu sataabdaalaloo mataparamaina maarpunu aavishkaranala vyaapti yokka lens dwara chustundi, idhi 1962loe everet rosers dwara prachuryam pondina saamaajika siddhaantam. aavishkaranala vyaapti anedi kalakramena, saamaajika vyavasthalooni vaarilo jarige samachara marpidi prakriya, idhi elaa, enduku, mariyu kotta aalochanalu (mariyu saanketikata) eppudu vyaapistaayo vivaristundi. eee siddhaantamlo, oka aavishkarana yokka vijayam ledhaa vaiphalyam aavishkarana yokka lakshanaalu, sweekarinchevaaru, yea communication chaanellu upayoginchabadutunnaayi, samayam mariyu ivanni jarige saamaajika vyavasthapai aadharapadi untundi. 
saamrajyam yokka modati moodu sataabdaalaloo, roman samajam daani sthirapadina nagara aadhaarita bahudevataradhana nundi ekadevataradhana kraistava matam yokka mataparamaina aavishkaranalanu sweekarinchadaaniki dhooramgaa maarindi. raajakeeya mariyu aardhika sanghatanala dwara dheenini vivarinchadaaniki badulugaa, eee vidhanam saamaajika maarpuku chodakuluga maanava saamaajika paraspara charyala saktipai drushti pedutundi. idhi kraistava bhaavajaalam mariyu matam yokka prayojanaanni saamaajika netvarklu mariyu vaati paryaavaranam yokka vislaeshanhatoe militam chestundi. roman saamrajyam yokka kraistaveekaranaku pratyaamnaaya vivaranalu unnappatikee, samakaaleena paandityamu nundi vibhina sthaayila maddatutoe, eee vidhanam prarambha roman saamrajyam yokka saamskrutika mariyu mataparamaina maarpunu bahula vyaktigata pravartanala sanchita phalitamgaa ardham chesukogaladani pradarsistundi.
kraistava matam saapekshamgaa twaragaa sweekarinchabadindi. vyaapti yokka aidu lakshanaalu idhi jarigina vegaanni vivarinchagalavuh modata, oka aavishkarana adhi bharti chestunna daanikante saapeksha prayojanaanni kaligi unnatlu choosthe, adhi marinta twaragaa sweekarinchabadutundi. vividha pootiidaarulapai kraistava matam yokka saapeksha prayojanaanni daani paropakaaramlo, roman hodha laeni vaarini angeekarinchadamlo mariyu adhi erpadina nirdishta rakamaina networklo chudavachu. rendavadi, prajalu, samajam ledhaa samskrutitoe sahajeevanam chese daani anukuulata dattata retunu prabhaavitam chestundi. kraistava matam roman bahudevataradhanatho baga anukuulamgaa ledhu, conny idhi pravaasa samajalalo kanipinche judaayijamto anukuulamgaa undhi. daani sanklishtata kooda mukhyamainadi, endukante saralata saadhaaranamgaa vaegamgaa sweekarinchabadutundi, mariyu kraistava sammilitata daanini saapekshamgaa saralamgaa chesindi. tadupari lakshanam, trialbility, evarainaa puurtisthaayi sabhyudiga maaradaaniki mundu aavishkarana thana gurinchi samacharanni entha baga anumatistundi, mariyu prarambha kraistava matamlo marpidi prakriya anuvaina vyavadhini anumatinchindi. dattata yokka vegaanni prabhaavitam chese chivari lakshanam pariseelinchadaginadi, endukante vaaru phalitaalanu chusarani vyakti vishwasisthe evarainaa maaravacchu. dheenini evaru sweekarinchaaro, mariyu daatrutvam mariyu amaraveerula vanti saamaajika maarpula dwara, aaa vibhina dattatadaarulu srushtinchadaaniki sahayapaddaru. eee lakshanaalu paraspara charya chestaayi mariyu mottamgaa teerpu ivvabadataayi. udaaharanaku, oka aavishkarana chaalaa sanklishtamgaa undavacchu, daani dattata mariyu vyaapti chendhe sambhaavyatanu taggistundi, conny idhi chaalaa anukuulamgaa kooda undavacchu, prastuta saadhanaalaku sambandhinchi dheeniki pedda prayojanaanni istundi, tadwara nirdishta samasyalu unnappatikee, sambhaavya dattatadaarulu emainappatiki aavishkarananu sweekaristaaru.
saamaajika shaastravetta ii. eah. kraistava matam andinche kotta aalochanala saktivantamaina kalayika phalitamgaa kraistava matam sambhavinchindani, mariyu charchi yokka saamaajika prabhavam, idhi rome matha maarpidiki kendra keelaka amsamgaa erpadindani nyaayamuurti eee saamaajika drukpatham dwara kraistava mataanni vivarinchaadu.
network siddhaantam mariyu aavishkarana yokka vyaapti oka vidhanamgaa.
prarambha roman saamrajyamlo, kraistava matam 1000 kante takkuva mandhi prajalatho praarambhamaindi. saampradaaya bahudevataradhana mariyu pratyaamnaaya aaraadhanalu mariyu mataala nundi teevramaina mariyu nirantara pootii unnappatikee idhi vaegamgaa perigindi. rendava sataabdam chivari natiki sumaru 200,000 mandhi prajalu indulo unnaaru, moodava sataabdamloo daani vruddhini gananeeyamgaa vegavantam chesi, 350 natiki adhika sankhyaakatvaanni saadhinchaaru. eee mataparamaina maarpulu vaastava prapanchamlo netvarklu elaa panicheestaayaneedaaniki chaalaa adhyayanam chesina udaaharanagaa marai. 
maarpuku chodakuluga maanava paraspara charyalaku praadhaanyata istaaru. prajalu saamaajika margallo chinna samuuhaalanu yerparuchukuntaru, vaaru ummadigaa panchukune vaaritho. saamaajika maarpunu appudu oka rakamaina aavirbhavamgaa chudavachu-vyaktulu ontarigaa cheyani vaatini kalisi chese vyavasthalo bhagaluga vyaktula nundi vachhe saamuuhika pravartana-kraistava matam 'sweeya-vyavastheekrutam' gaa, yea kendra adhikaram nundi dhooramgaa pampinhee cheyabadi, saadhaarana kaaranaalapai aadharapadi untundi. 
chinna samuuhaalu panchukunna samacharam aadhaaramgaa itarulatoe anusandhaaninchabadinappudu, puraavastu shaastravetta annah collar netvarklu yerpadathaayani chepparu. eee netvarklu nodes anie piluvabade paayintla dwara chitreekarinchabaddaayi, prati node oka vyaktigata chinna samuuhaanni suuchistumdi, anchulu anie piluvabade panktula dwara parasparam anusandhaaninchabadi untundi. anchulu vaati madhya communication maargaalanu suuchistaayi. 
vividha jeevana vidhaanaalatho kuudina vyaktula samuuhaalu okaritho okaru parichayam ayinappudu, paraspara charya chesinappudu, mariyu aalochanalu mariyu abhyasalanu marpidi chesukunnappudu, "saamskrutika vyaapti" jarugutundi. vyaapti anedi kotta aalochanalu mariyu abhyasalanu vyaapti chese saamaajika prakriya. idhi samajalu maare praathamika paddhati; (idhi valasavaadaaniki bhinnamgaa untundi, idhi oka videshee samskruti yokka amsaalanu samaajamloki balavantam chestundi). 
vyaapti anedi saamaajika vyavasthalo matrame sambhavistundi, anduvalla aaa vyavastha yokka sthirapadina saamaajika nirmaanam aavishkarana yokka vyaaptini prabhaavitam chestundi. oka aavishkarananu daani lakshanaalapai teerpu cheppe badulu, aavishkaranala vyaapti vijayanni adhi unna network nirmaanam yokka anusandhaanaaniki suuchanagaa chustundi aaa nirdishta aavishkaranaku sambandhinchi aaa samajam 'balaheenamgaa' undaa ledhaa 'sthiramgaa' undaa. kraistava matam yokka vijayanni roman samajam yokka anusandhanam mariyu aavishkaranalaku daani durbalatvaaniki suuchanagaa chudavachu. 
aavishkaranalu.
aavishkaranala vyaapti anedi kotta aalochanalapai drushti saarinche oka pratyeka rakamaina communication. aalochana yokka kottadanam daani pratyeka paatranu istundi. aavishkarana anedi oka aalochana, abhyasam ledhaa vastuvu, dheenini sweekarinchadaanni pariseelistunna vyakti dheenini kottadigaa bhaavistaaru. idhi vastunishtamgaa kottada kaadaa anedi pattimpu ledhu; dattata teesukoovaalanukune vyakti dheenini kottadigaa chusinatlayithe matrame idhi mukhyam. nijamaina mataparamaina aavishkaranalo gananeeyamaina maarpu undaali-bahudevataradhana nundi ekeshwaravaadaaniki maaradam vantivi-pedda ettuna. puraavastu shaastravetta annah collar vaadistuu, "oka devuni kosam taatvika vaadana medho unnatavargamlo baga telisinappatikii,... ekadevataradhananu saamraajya bahudevataradhana parisaraallo mataparamaina aavishkarana anie pilustaaru." 
aavishkaranalanu sweekarinchadam dasalavaareegaa jarugutundi. eee dasalanu sweekarinchina vividha rakaala prajalu suuchistaaru, mariyu vaaru antha twaragaa chesara ledhaa aalasyamgaa chesara, tadwara prajalu aavishkaranalaku vibhina sthaayilalo guravutaarani suuchistumdi. modati moodu sataabdaalaloo, kraistavatvam aavishkartalu, prarambha dattatadaarulu mariyu prarambha majorityki saakshyamgaa undhi. (nalgava nundi edava sataabdaalalooni rendu taruvaati vargaalanu chivari majority mariyu venukabadinavi anie pilustaaru). 
anduvalla, vyakti yokka nirnayam teesukune prakriya yokka raetu aavishkarana yokka vijayaniki oka amsam. prajala pratispandanala madhya vyatyaasam saadhaarana pampinhee vakratanu srushtistundi. collar vivaristundi, "vyaapti prakriya yokka keelaka amsaanni soochinche vakrarekhapai oka binduvu undih 'kona binduvu'. eee 'tipping' 10 saatam dattata mariyu 20 saatam dattata madhya jarugutundi. american saamaajika shaastravetta everet rosers ilaa antaadu, "aaa taruvaata, oka kotta aalochana yokka marinta vyaaptini apadam tarachugaa asadhyam, evarainaa alaa cheyalanukunnappatiki". kraistava matam 150 mariyu 250 madhya vanda samvatsaraalalo 50,000 kante takkuva anucharula nundi oka million kante ekkuva mandiki marinappudu eee kona binduvunu (critical maas anie pilustaaru) saadhinchindi. moodava sataabdam migilina kaalamlo kraistavula sampoorna sankhyalo gananeeyamaina perugudala undani panditulu saadhaaranamgaa angeekaristunnaaru. idhi swayam-nilakadaga undataaniki mariyu marinta vruddhini srushtinchadaaniki taginanta sweekarthalanu andinchindi, tadwara kraistavatvaanni roman saamrajyamlo vijayavantamaina aavishkaranagaa sthaapinchindi.
pratyaamnaaya vidhanalu.
edward gibbon 1776loe prachurinchina thana "roman saamrajyam patanam mariyu patanam yokka charitralo" roman saamrajyam elaa kraistava matamloki marchabadindane daani gurinchi modati chaaritraka drukpathaanni raasaaru. gibbon dheenini nirbandham anie aapaadinchaadu, itadini "aparimitamaina aasayam" mariyu migilina saamrajyampai-paie nundi krindiki-kraistavatvaanni vidhinchaalanae vyaktigata keerti korikatho nadipinchinatlu athanu chushadu. eee vidhamgaa nirbandha matam "oka sataabdam kante takkuva kaalamlone, roman saamrajyaanni antimamgaa jayinchindi" anie gibbon nammadu. moodava sataabdam chivarilo kraistavula sankhya kraistavatvam yokka vijayanni mundugaa nirdesinchina nirbandhaanni suuchistumdani classic professor seth schwartz nokki chepparu. saamaajika shaastravetta edwin eah. nirbandham mariyu nikeya council mundu puurtigaa vyavastheekruta charchi vyavastha unikilo undani choopinche vivaranaatmaka adhyayananni nyaayamuurti raasaaru. dheeni nundi, nyaayamuurti "kraistavatvam daani vijayaniki kattubadi undataaniki nirbandham dwara dattata teesukoovadaanni konasaginchalemu" anie vraastaaru. prastutam, kraistava matam anedi diguva-diguva vidhinchadam dwara munupati sataabdaalaloo jaragaledani panditulalo ekaabhipraayam undhi. badulugaa, idhi oka vyakti maroka vyakti nundi, anukarana dwara mariyu kraistava sweeya-gurtimpu emito neerchukoevadam dwara jarigindi. 
pliny dhi younger vanti samakaaleenulu uttara asea mainarlooni pontaslo kraistava matam vyaaptini vivarinchadaaniki vyaadhi vyaapti namuunaanu upayoginchaaruh "eee bhayankaramaina moodhanammakam yokka antuvyaadhi pattanaallone kakunda, gramalu mariyu graameena praantaalalo kooda vyaapinchindi". antu vyaadhi' anedi tappudova pattinche roopakam anie dhara vraastundi. idhi pratikuula drukpathaanni kaligi untundi, mariyu idhi kotta cult adhi gadichina prati pradaesaaniki sokina oka sarala vyaapti aalochanaku daariteestundi, mariyu roman saamrajyamlo idhi alaa kaadu. aavishkaranala vyaapti vyaadhi vyaaptiki bhinnamgaa untundani collar chebutundi, endukante aavishkaranalaku sambandhinchina vyakti churukaina dattata avasaram; idhi antu vyaadhiki vaari durbalatvaaniki gananeeyamgaa bhinnamgaa untundi. 
kraistavatvam yokka manasika vivaranalu ekkuvagaa saamraajya kaalamlo anyamatam ksheeninchi abhadrata mariyu aandolana yuganni srushtinchaayane nammakampai aadharapadi unnaayi. idhi saamaajikatanu andinche mataparamaina samajalalo aasrayam pondina aandolana chendina paraayeekaranaku guraina vyaktulanu utpatti chesindani charitrakaarulu bhaavinchaaru. classic scholar james bii. hellenistic mariyu saamraajya kalalalo saampradaaya praja aaraadhanalu mariyu saampradaaya graco-roman devatalu yea vidhamaina ksheenatalo unnayane bhavana atyanta sandehaaspadamaina oohala samitipai aadharapadi untundi, mariyu chaalaa empika chesina mariyu ekapakshamgaa kooda sakshyalanu upayoginchadam dwara matrame dhruveekarinchavachu. ippudu daanini konasaginchalemu "anie annaru. saampradaaya matam ksheeninchaledu conny aarava mariyu edava sataabdaala varaku sajeevamgaa undipoyindi. manastatvavetta pascal boyer matladutu, abhignaa vidhanam mataparamaina aalochanala prasaaraaniki mariyu vyaktulu konni aalochanalu mariyu abhyasalanu sampaadinchi, prasaram chese prakriyalanu vivarinchagaladani, ayithe abhignaa siddhaantam mataparamaina udyamaala yokka saamaajika gatiseelataku ledhaa chaaritraka abhivruddhiki taginantagaa undakapovachhu.
saamskrutika empika yokka neo-darwin siddhaantam pravartanalu vyaapti chendadaanni suuchistumdi, endukante aaa poruguvaaru marinta vijayavantamavutaarani vaaru viswasinchinappudu prajalu tama poruguvaarini anukarinche balamaina dhoranini kaligi untaaru. maanava saastravettalu robbert boyd mariyu peater zhe. roman saamrajyamlo chaalaa mandiki andubaatulo unna saadhaarana jeevitam kante prarambha kraistava samajam merugaina jeevana naanhyatanu andistundani romanlu vishwasinchaarani richerson raasaaru. saamraajya kaalamlo teevramaina antuvyaadhula samayamlo konni nagaralu arachaka sthithiki cherukunnappudu samrakshana anedi chaalaa mukhyamainadi. anyamata samajam paraspara sahayam yokka balaheenamaina sampradaayaalanu kaligi undagaa, kraistava samajam "chaalaa varaku saamaajika sevalu laeni saamrajyamlo oka suukshma sankshema rajyaanni" srushtinche nibandhanalanu kaligi undhi. kraistava samajalalo, anaarogyamtho badhapaduthunna vaari samrakshana valla maranaalu moodinta rendu vantula varaku taggai. prastuta kraistava mariyu anyamata muulaalu aneka matamaarpidulu "atuvanti sahayam yokka vignapti" phalitamgaa unnayani suuchistunnaayi. ransiman prakaram, balamaina paraspara mariyu besharatu daya yokka spashtamaina kraistava samalakshanam udbhavinchindi, tadwara kraistavatvam yokka perugudalanu utpatti chesindi.
vyaapti vaiphalyam.
anni aavishkaranalu vijayavantam kaavu. saamaajika shaastravetta gabriel tarde ilaa perkonnaduh "oke samayamlo oohinchina vanda ververu aavishkaranalu ivvabaddaayi... padhi videshaalalo vyaapistaayi, tombhai marchipothayi ". roman saamraajya kaalamlo, gnosticism, manichaism mariyu donatism vanti kraistava matam yokka vaividhyaalatoe paatu aneka aakarshanheeyamaina kotta aaraadhanalu mariyu mataalu undevi. eee mataparamaina aavishkaranalannii kontakaalam vijayavantamayyaayi, conny chivariki viphalamayyayi. oka vishwaasa vyavastha yokka antargata lakshanaalu daani aakarshananu vivarinchagalavu, conny avi chaalaa aakarshanheeyamgaa unna itara aalochanala vaiphalyaanni vivarinchadaaniki saripovu. 
saamaajika vyavasthalo mundugaa unna nammakalu dattataku aatamkam kaliginchenta balamgaa unte aavishkaranalu viphalamavutaayi. sandesam "client" avasaralaku saripodu kabatti aavishkaranalu viphalamavutaayi. sambhaavya maarpididaarulu ledhaa itara aavishkaranala nundi pootii nundi ledhaa aavishkarana yokka grahinchina lakshanaala nundi maarpu agent elaa kanipistundane daani kaaranamgaa avi viphalamavutaayi. saadhaarana jadatvam kooda dattatanu nirodhinchagaladu. oka aavishkarana chaalaa closed ayinappudu, adhi tarachugaa viphalamavutundi, ledhaa daani saamaajika vyavasthatho saaruupyata lenappudu, aavishkarana kooda tarachugaa viphalamavutundi. vyaktulu oka aavishkarananu enduku sweekaristaaru ledhaa sweekarincharu anedaaniki chaalaa vyaktigata kaaranaala valla kooda vaiphalyam prabhaavitamavutundi, conny idhi takkuva parisoedhana cheyabadina praantam, endukante rosers anie adhyayanam cheyadam kashtam, mariyu idhi vistruta sandarbham dwara prabhaavitamavutundi.
vyaapti yokka aidu lakshanaalu.
saapeksha prayojanam.
aavishkaranaku adhi bharti chestunna daanikante ekkuva prayojanam unnanta ekkuva, dattata raetu perugutundi. doubleu. zii. ransiman ilaa vraasaadu "kraistava matam yokka oke lakshanam unte, adhi daani potidarulandari nundi vaeru cheyabadi unte, judism kooda undhi, adhi kaneesam suutrapraayamgaa, kraistavula sumukhata, vaaru vacchina chota nundi [baanisalu mariyu mahilalu vanti] matamaarpidulanu angeekarinchadame kakunda, pradarsinchadaaniki ledhaa kaneesam pradarsinchadaaniki siddhamgaa undataaniki, marchabadani vaari vaipu vaaru okarikokaru pradarsinchaalani bhaavinchina adhe rakamaina kriyaaseela daya [bhiksa ivvadam]". iteevali parisoedhanalu prarambha kraistava matam yokka adhikaarika besharatu paropakaaram daani aascharyakaramaina vijayaniki chaalaa varaku kaaranamani choopinchaayi. boyd mariyu richardson prakaram, idhi oka saamrajyamlo oka rakamaina sankshema rajyaanni srushtinchindi, idhi chaalaa varaku alaantidi ledhu, mariyu idhi prarambha kraistava samajam merugaina jeevana naanhyatanu andistundani romanlaku nammakam ichindi. 
bhikshalu.
roman saamrajyamlo jeevitam dhanavanthudu, "vinayapoorvakamaina" ledhaa nijamaina paedha anae daani aadhaaramgaa gananeeyamgaa bhinnamgaa undedi. paedalaku sahayam cheyalane lakshyamtho unna pathakaalu (trajan yokka aahara pathakam ledhaa rome vadda dhanyam dole ("annona")) avasaram kante 'viluva' aadhaaramgaa pampinhee cheyabaddaayi. kashtakaalamlo padipoyina vaari swantha dhanavanthulu modatagaa maddatu icchaaru, mariyu daatrutvam anedi avasaramaina vaari kosam aandolana kakunda vyaktigata sampada yokka pradarsana kaavacchu. kraistava mataaniki mundu, romloni sampanna unnatavargam ekkuvagaa vaari saamaajika hodaanu penchadaaniki roopondinchina poura kaaryakramaalaku viraalamgaa ichindi, ayithe paedala patla vyaktigata daya charyalu vinabadaledu. 
prarambha kraistava matam devuni raajyamlo pravesinchadaaniki vyaktigata dharmam mariyu 'dharmam' yokka unnata pramaanaanni demand chesindi, mariyu bhiksa ivvadam pradhana dharmamga pariganinchabadindi. St loe thana "homilies" loe.zaan, "zaan chrysostome ilaa vraasaadu," manam padhi vaela itara manchi panulu chesinappatiki, bhiksa lekunda raajya dwaaraalaloki pravesinchadam asadhyam ". chrysostome kosam, idhi "siluvapai unna chaaritraka yesu modata andinchina" "nirantara vimukti" yokka prakatana, mariyu ippudu prastuta paedavaari dwara. dayatho paedalanu sampradinchadam antey kreestu nundi daya pondadam ". bhiksa ivvadam anedi prema charyaga pariganinchabadindi, idhi vimochana charyaga pariganinchabadindi. matha vidvaamsudu steven sii. daatrutvam, vaastavaaniki, daani prarambham nundi kraistava matam yokka samsthaagata vidhanam" anie muir jatachestaadu.  ... eee paristhiti samuuham yokka vruddhiki ekaika kaaranam kaanappatikee, idhi oka mukhyamaina amsam ".
aidava sataabdam varaku baanisatvam.
prarambha kraistava charitrakaarudu criss ell. tadigaa, sarafara mariyu demand lekapovadam valla aidava sataabdamloo baanisatvam puurtigaa vyavasthaagata patanaanni chavichusindi. poolika kosam baanisala khachitamaina sankhyalu sthaapinchabadaledu kabatti dheeniki kaaranaalu puurtigaa ardham kaaledu. eee kaalamlooni kraistava matam baanisatvaanni raddu cheyaalani eppuduu bahirangamgaa koraledani nirdhaarinchabadindi. 
paal aksharaalalo kraistava samajam baptism suutramtoe praarambhamavutundi, idhi christulo yoodudu ledhaa greeku, purushudu ledhaa stree, baanisa ledhaa swechcha ledhu anie chebutundi. idhi kotta samajanni nirvachinche saamaajika suutram... [ivvadam] atyanta takkuva baanisa vyaktigata gowravam mariyu hodha kooda ". modati nundi, paulin sanghaalu sopanakramam mariyu shakti yokka saampradaaya roman bhaavanalanu chetanamgaa tolaginchadamlo saamaajika shrenulanu vibhajinchaayi. chinna pillavadu nundi vacchina aadharalu dheenini pradarsistaayani nokki chebutaaru. shakti laeni manavudiga maraninchina saktivantamaina kreestu yokka vairudhyaanni gurinchi paal yokka avagahana shaastreeya samaajamlo apuurvamaina kotta kramaanni srushtinchadaaniki daariteesindi. saastriiyavaadi kail harper kraistava matam yokka prabhavanni "pravartana niyamaalalo oka viplavam, conny maanavuni swaroopamlo kooda" gaa varninchaaru.
poulu philemonuku raasina lekhalo, baanisa onysimus paal thoo chaeradaaniki paaripoyaadu-idhi oka pedda neram. conny onymus mariyu athani yajamani philemone iddaroo kraistavulu ayyaru. poulu okarimmunu 'priyamaina sodarudigaa' angeekarinchaalani poulu pattubatte oka lekhatho intiki tirigi pampaadu. kotta nibandhana professor marian thamson nammadagina vidhamgaa vaadinchaaru, "poulu christulo oka sodarudigaa, thana sariiraanni banisaga vidipinchakundaa, oka aatmanu kraistavunigaa aadhyaatmikamgaa sweekarinchamani adiginatlugaa bhaavinche philemonuku raasina lekhanu chadavadam, poullo 'dwandwa maanava shaastram' nuu oohistundi, dheenini athani rachanalu dhruveekarinchavu". paal yokka aneka soochinche padabandhaala sanchita baruvu eee abhipraayaaniki maddatu istundi. colossianlalo 4:7-9 samacharam chaaritrakamaite, baanisa vansimus oka swatantra vyakti ayyadu. classic mariyu letters professor kail harper vaadistuu, thoorpu praavinsula antataa maanava visarjanaku anukuulamgaa mataparamaina bhavana nadustundani vaadinchaaru.
kraistava matam baanisatvaanni daani pradhana roopakaalalo okatigaa sweekarinchindi, maanavulandaruu paapaaniki baanisalu anie daani vaadanaloo. baanisalu raasina muulaalu laevu, conny kraistava vaakchaaturyamlo aaa roopaka drukpatham nindi undhi. zaan chrysostome yokka manugadalo unna corpus okkate 5,000 saarlu baanisatvaanni prastaavinchindi. chrysostome thana adhikara paridhilooni charchila kosam baptism suuchanalanu vrasadu, baptism charya vaarini pavitramgaa mariyu kreesthutho ummadi varasuluga devuni kumaarulanu elaa chestundi anae daani gurinchi catechumenlaku gurthu cheyadaaniki vividha paayintla vadda aagamani adhikaarika poojaariki cheppadu. "chaalaa tarachugaa punaraavrutam cheyabadina, atuvanti mukhyamaina sandarbhamlo, eee sandesam kraistava sanghaala aalochanapai mariyu vaaru sambhaashinchina vaari meeda pedda prabhavanni chuupi undaali".
baanisalaku atyanta phalavantamaina muulam sahaja punarutpatti (biddanu kanadam), endukante baanisaku janminchina bidda svayamchaalakamgaa baanisa, empika lekunda, tamanu taamu. zaan chrysostome vanti kraistava nayakulu "baanisa sariiraanni vivaahetara sambandham dwara mariyu daani ullanghananu neeramgaa pariganinchadam dwara baanisa yokka laingika samagratanu kaapaadataaniki prayatninchaaru" anie dii vet raasaaru. baanisalu ikapai naitikamgaa tatasthamgaa undaru-vivaahitulaite baanisatoe laingika sambandham kaligi undatam vyabhicharam mariyu avivaahitulaite, vyabhicharam ". eee bodhanalu, kraistavulaina baanisalalo pavitrata vistaranatoe paatu, roman samajam dwara gouravaneeyamaina viluvagaa sanyaasini vyaapti cheyadam, vaari laingika viniyogaanni mariyu vaari punarutpatti viluvanu tagginchi, baanisatvaanni neerugaa prabhaavitam chesi undavacchu.
chrysostome baanisatvampai paal yokka dwandwa bodhananu pratibimbistumdi. baanisalaku vaari yajamaanulaku vidheyata chuupadaaniki ayana maddatu icchaadu. ekkuvagaa dhanavanthulaina baanisalanu kaligi unna thana charchi prekshakulaku kooda athanu ilaa cheppadu, "baanisatvam anedi duraasa, adhokaranam, krooratvam yokka phalitam, endukante noah, maaku telusu, baanisa, abel, seth, ledhaa vaari taruvaata vacchina vaaru laeru. aaa samstha papapu phalamgaa undedi ". baanisatvaanni "ambrose, geno off verona, goudentius off bressia mariyu maximus off turin" itarulu khandinchaarani maak muellen raasaaru. baanisatvampai padepade kraistava upanyaasam puraatana bhavalu, abhiruchulu mariyu daani gurinchi abhipraayaalanu roopondinchindani aadharalu suuchistunnaayi. 
kraistavula madhya balamaina paraspara charya, itarula patla eee rakamaina besharatu dayatho kalipi, "kraistavatvaanni oka udyamamgaa maarchindi, idhi moodava sataabdam rendava sagam natiki, roman rashtram vismarinchalekapoyindi ledhaa anachiveyalekapoyindi" anie ransiman choopistundi.
bhougolikam mariyu oka sthaayi rahita network.
kraistava matam vyaapti jerusalem nundi praarambhamaindi. 
vyaaptipai praadaesika parimitulapai vaari adhyayanamlo, fousk mariyu itarulu "modati rendu sataabdaalaloo kraistava matam yokka vyaapti gurutvakarshana-maarganirdesam chesina vyaaptini anusaristundi" anie chuupimchaaru. gurutvakarshana namuunaalu pravahanni adhyayanam cheyadaaniki upayoginchabadataayih eee anuvartanam edainaa rendu nagaraala madhya paraspara charya yokka pravahanni anchanaa vestundi. nagaraala madhya paraspara charya adhika janabha thoo perugutundani mariyu dhooram mariyu adhika prayaana kharchulatho taggutundani fousk choopistundi. 
gurutvakarshana namuunaa edainaa aavishkarana vyaaptiki atichinna maargam daani atyanta sambhaavya maargam anie choopistundi. jerusalem nundi mottamodati kraistava sanghaalaku atichinna margalu oka "chettu" laaga kanipinche namuunaanu tayaaru chestaayi. bhougolikamgaa daggaragaa unna charchilanu sthaapinchadampai jerusalem pratyaksha prabhavanni idhi chooputundi. ivi prati okkati 12-200 sabhyula sijeriya maritima vanti chinna gruha charchilu. 100va samvatsaraaniki mundu, kraistava matam bahusha, vanda mandhi vaaritho koodi undedi.
roman rahadaarulu mariyu roman nagaraala madhya anusandhaanaala dwara sthaanika bhougolika praantaanni daati vellae kraistavula saamarthyaanni eee saamrajyam andinchindi. jerusalem nundi bayatiki velladam praarambhinchina kraistava matam kooda rome vanti maarumuula pedda nagaraalato neerugaa anusandhaaninchabadi undhi. modati sataabdam chivari natiki saamraajyamloni anni atipedda nagarallo kraistava sanghaalu undevi. 
modati rendu sataabdaalu eee pedda praantiiya kendraala parisaraallooni chinna kraistava nagaraala samuuhaalanu chuuputaayi. konni sanghaalaku itara sanghaalato konni sambandhaalu undevi, marikonni sanghaalaku anthakante ekkuva undevi. bahula anusandhaanaalatho unna sanghaalu "hubbs" gaa panicheesaayi, dheeni chuttoo itarulu samuuhamgaa unnaaru. samachara badileeki kendraalu mukhyamainavi. eee rakamaina network abhivruddhi chendutunna koddi, ippatike unna vyavasthalo ekkuva mandhi communitylu cheradamto, vaaru ippatike aneka linklanu kaligi unna communitytho tamanu taamu anusandhaaninchukune adhika sambhaavyata undhi. eee clustering anedi christianity erpadina modular scale free network yokka lakshanam.
prarambha kraistava matam vishayamlo, kotta nagaralu kendraalugaa maaradamtho-avi aavishkaranalanu vyaapti cheyadaaniki kotta muula binduvulugaa marai-mariyu kraistavatvam ikapai samacharam kosam daani modati muulam meeda aadhaarapadaledu. idhi chaalaa prarambha dasha nundi, antioc mariyu alegzandria vanti nagaralu jerusalem kante ekkuva prabhaavavantamgaa marayane ghnaanamtho ekibhavistundi. prarambha kraistava charchi vanti pedda saamaajika network lopala, chaalaa dhooramlo laeni chinna samuuhaala adhika sthaanika samuuhaalu, "chinna-prapancha prabhavam" nuu prothsahinchaayi. chinna prapanchamlo bhaagam kavadam sthaanika sthaayilo samachara pravahanni prothsahistundi, tadwara pedda network patishtamgaa anusandhaaninchabadi untundi.
anukuulata mariyu sanklishtata.
anukuulata anedi oka aavishkarananu ippatike unna viluvalu, gatha anubhavalu mariyu sambhaavya sweekartala avasaralaku anugunamgaa chudatam. ananukoola aavishkarananu sweekarinchadam saadhyame, conny dheeniki tarachugaa kotta viluva vyavasthanu sweekarinchadam avasaram, idhi prakriyanu mandagistundi. kraistava matam daani naitika bhaashalo roman samskrutitoe kontha anukuulatanu kaligi undhi, idhi paatha sampradaayaala nundi sweekarinchabadindi. udaaharanaku, baibil pustakamloni charyala pustakamlo, rachayita socreties rakshananu suchinchaduhu "oka vyakti purushulaku badulugaa devuniki vidheyata chuupaali". ayithe, saadhaaranamgaa, kraistava matam bahudevataradhana matha sampradaayamlooni chaalaa samasyalaku sambandhinchi saamraajyaaniki praatinidhyam vahistuu goppa samasyalanu edurkondi. chaalaa mandhi aviswaasula drushtilo, idhi "superstitio" yokka aamodayogyam kaani roopam; daani vyavasthaapakudini roman adhikaram uriteesindi, idhi yoodula vishwaasam nundi dhooramgaa padipoyinatlu chudabadindi, anduvalla, chattabaddhamaina adhikaranni pondalekapoyindi. 
kraistavatvaanni chaalaa anyamatamtho ananukuulamgaa chesinadi judaayijamto ananukuulamgaa cheyaledu. saamraajya kaalamlo, chaalaa mandhi yoodulu alegzandria, rome, uttara africa mariyu madhyadhara praantam vanti pradaesaalaku paalastiinaa vadili vellaaru, himsa, rajakeeyaalu mariyu bahishkarana kaaranamgaa, yoodula samaajamlo antargata sangharshanhala kaaranamgaa mariyu paalastiinaa velupala aardhika avakaasaala kosam. ivi chedaragottabadina prajalu pravaasulu. syrian charchi charitrakaarudu baar hebrius mottam roman saamrajyam antataa mottam yoodula sankhyanu, chakravarthy claudius samayamlo, 6,944,000 vadda unchaadu. egyptulo sumaru oka million yoodulu mariyu judialo rendu millionla kante takkuva yoodulu unnaaru. idhi modati sataabdamloo yoodulalone unna daanikante ekkuva mandhi yoodulu-sumaru naalugu millionlu-pravaasula antataa vyaapinchaarani suuchistumdi. aavishkaranalu praathamikamgaa vaari saamskrutika vaataavaranamtho mudipadi untaayi. paula frederixen, yoodula pravaasulalo, "[kraistava matam] mataparamaina aalochanalatho pratidhvaninche antarjaateeya janabha undani raasaaru... daani kaaranamgaa, chaalaa baga sthirapadina diaspora judaism kaaranamgaa, kraistava matam, judaism yokka kotta mariyu nirantaram meruguparache roopamgaa, roman prapanchavyaaptamgaa vyaapinchagaladu. 
sanklishtata anedi oka aavishkarananu grahinchadam mariyu upayoginchadam entha kashtamo aandolana chendutundi, endukante saralamainadi marinta vaegamgaa sweekarinchabadutundi. kraistava matam jaathi ledhaa bhougolika sambandhaala dwara addanki lekunda undedi. idhi oka kotta prarambhamga anubhavinchabadindi, mariyu dhanikulu mariyu paedalu, purushulu mariyu mahilalu iddarikee terichi undhi. baptismam uchitam. etuvanti rusumu undedi kaadu, mariyu adhi medhoparamgaa samaanatvamto kuudinadi, aksharaasyata laeni vaaritho sahaa saadhaarana prajalaku tatvasaastram mariyu naitikatanu andubaatulo unchindi.
vichaarana saamarthyam.
marpidi anedi samacharam korukune-samachara prosessing karyakalapam. oka vyakti puurtigaa kattubadi undataaniki mundu oka aavishkarananu sweekarinchadam ledhaa tiraskarinchadam valla kalige prayojanaalu mariyu aprayojanaalanu telusukoovaalanukuntaadu. roggers eee prakriyaloo aidu varusa dasalanu bhavistaruh ghnaanam, oppinchadam, nirnayam, amalu mariyu nirdhaarana. oka vyakti aavishkarana gurinchi telusukuni, adhi elaa panichestundane daani gurinchi kontha gnaanaanni pondinappudu marpidi prakriya praarambhamavutundi. aaa vyakti aavishkarana patla anukuulamaina vaikharini yerparachukunnappudu oppinchadam jarugutundi. vyakti dattata ledhaa tiraskaranaku daariteese karyakalapalalo nimagnamainappudu nirnaya kaalam praarambhamavutundi. amalu aavishkarananu upayoginchadaaniki unchutundi mariyu tirigi aavishkarananu kaligi undavacchu. dhruvikarana anedi upabalaanni korutundi. 
saamrajyamlo, idhi dattata teesukune vaari sthirapadina samaajamlo bhaagam kaavadamlo bhaagamgaa undedi, vaaru "suuchana istaaru, heccharistaaru, koopagistaaru, gurthu chestaaru, khandistaaru, samskarana chestaaru, mariyu maarpu kosam vaadistaaru" anie meaks chepparu. ii. aarr. ics anucharulu ledhaa mitra bhaktula yokka yea sambandhita samuuham kante kraistava matam puurti samaja bhavanni andinchindani dods raasaaru. kraistava matam yokka prarambha samajalalo, baptism kosam abhyardhulanu vaari paatra mariyu pravartanaku haamii ivvadaaniki siddhamgaa unna upadhyayudu ledhaa itara vyakti parichayam chesaaru. aaa taruvaata eee mataparamaina mataparamaina bodhanalu vishwaasamlooni pradhana siddhaantaalalo bodhinchabaddaayi, naitika jeevanam kosam pariseelinchabaddaayi, aaraadhanalo vidigaa kuurchunnaayi, eucharist (kraistava samaajaalaku saadhaarana ekikarana) nuu sweekarinchalekapoyaayi, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa samaajaaniki nibaddhata mariyu vidheyatanu pradarsinchaalani bhaavinchaaru. catechmens anie piluvabade vaariki eee "trial period" nelalu nundi samvatsaraala varaku ekkadainaa pattavacchu. 
punahprarambham.
vistarana prakriyaloo aavishkarana anedi tappanisarigaa sthiramgaa mariyu maaradu. oka viniyogadaaru vaari vyaktigata paristhitiki mariyu avasaralaku marinta daggaragaa saripoyela aavishkarananu sweekarinchi maarchavacchu. idhi dattata teesukunna amalu dasalo chaalaa tarachugaa jarugutundi. modata vaariki samarpinchina pradhana samskarana nundi vaividhyam entha varaku bayaluderutundo, adhi oka punah aavishkarana, mariyu idhi vividha margallo tarachugaa sambhavinchavachhu. ituvanti punah aavishkaranalu asalu aavishkarana nundi vidigaa vyaapti chendadam praarambhinchavacchu. idhi "manchi" ledhaa "chedu" anedi point-off-vyoopai aadharapadi untundi. punar aavishkarana anedi oka vyakti yokka aavishkaranalo konasaagimpunu marinta ekkuvagaa cheyagaladu, ayithe konni teevramaina sandarbhaallo, asalu aavishkarana puurtigaa daani gurtimpunu kolpovachhu. idhi "chedu" aavishkaranala vyaaptini nivaarinchadaaniki roopondinchina "anty-diffusion prograamlanu" utpatti cheyagaladu. (chudandi ghnaanavaadam, daanavaadam mariyu manichaism.) tiraskarana, nilipiveta mariyu punah aavishkarana tarachugaa vyaapti prakriya samayamlo sambhavistaayi.
pariseelaneeyata.
roggers vivaristuu "pariseelanaasheelata anedi oka aavishkarana yokka phalitaalu itarulaku kanipinche sthaayi. vyaktulu aavishkarana phalitaalanu chudatam entha sulabhamo, vaaru daanini sweekarinche avakaasam antha ekkuvagaa untundi ". anduvalla, collar etthi chuupinatlugaa, edainaa mataparamaina aavishkarana yokka vijayam ledhaa vaiphalyam adhi srushtinchadaaniki sahayapade saamaajika vaataavaranampai aadharapadi untundi.
modati sataabdaaniki chendina aavishkartalu.
diffusion namoonaalo, modata kotta aalochananu gurtinchi, sweekarinche vaarini innovatorlu antaaru. avi pradhana praamukhyata kaligi untaayi. vaaru tarachugaa samajam yokka anchulalo untaaru, mariyu vyavastha velupala nundi saamaajika vyavasthaloki aavishkarananu (eee sandarbhamlo kraistavatvam) praarambhistaaru. modati sataabdamloo, yoodulu sthaapinchabadina roman matha vyavasthaku bayativaru, mariyu paal mariyu itara apostalulato sahaa sumaru 700 mandhi matamarpidi chesina yoodulu, modata roman saamraajyaaniki kraistavatvaanni pravesapettaaru. 
poulu apostaludu kraistava matam yokka asalu aavishkartalalo okadani collar vaadinchaaru. damascusku velle maargamlo" yesu maraninchina konni samvatsaraalalone athanu kraistava matamloki maaradu, idhi idi2 mariyu idi1loe namodu cheyabadindi. paal moodu (bahusha naalugu) missionary prayaanaalu chesaadu, conny paal eppudu matamarpidi cheyabaddaadu mariyu eee prayaanaalu eppudu prarambhamayyayane daanipai etuvanti panditya oppandam ledhu. zaan nox paal yokka prakatana 34-35 kuu marchadanni mundugaa paerkonnaadu. 45 mariyu 49 madhya, paal antiokialo charchini sthaapinchaadu, ikkada christian anae padaanni modata kotta vishwaasam yokka yoodulu mariyu anyajanulanu suuchimchadaaniki upayoginchaaru (chattalu 11:26). paal naalugu roman provinceulalo charchilanu sthaapinchaaduh galatia, macedonia, achia mariyu asea. aasiyaalone, athanu ephesus, smirna, pergamon, thiatira, sardis, philadelphia, lycus, kolose mariyu hyropolis pattanaalalo charchilanu sthaapinchaadu. athanu roman siriya (acts 15:40-41) mariyu creat, mariyu bahusha illricum (romanlu 15:19), arabia petria mariyu hispanialo charchilanu sthaapinchaadu.
mottam 12 mandhi apostalulu missionary prayaanaalu chesi modati sataabdamloo charchilanu sthaapinchaarani aaropinchabadindi. 47va samvatsaramlo, thoorpu charchini mesopotamia (aadhunika iraq) loe apostaludaina thamus sthaapinchaadu. bharatiya charitrakaarudu keey. ess. thamus mesopotamianu vidichipettina taruvaata, athanu 52va samvatsaramlo bhaaratadesamlo suvaarta bodhinchadam praarambhinchaadani "nissandehamgaa" niroopinchabadindani mathue raasaaru. thamus chaina sandarsananu bharatiya pustakaalu mariyu charchi sampradayalalo prastaavinchaaru, udaaharanaku malayaalamlo "thamus rambanpattu" (thamus prabhuvu paata), seyint thamus christianla. cree. sha. 52loe apostaludaina thamus suvaarta prakatinchina prarambha kraistavula santati vaaru anie seyint thamus kraistavulu paerkonnaaru. muulaalu thamus bharatadesaniki vacchi, chainaku velli, athanu maraninchina chotiki tirigi bharatadesaniki vacchaarani suuchistunnaayi. 
paal yokka prayaanaalu athani maranamtho, bahusha romlo, 68loe neero paalana mugiselopu neero aadhvaryamlo, mugisai. paal (1 clem 5:5-7) sirachchaedam, mariyu peater talakrindulugaa siluva veyabadatam tertullion yokka "matabhrashtulaku vyatiraekamgaa prescription" adhyayam XXXVloe namodu cheyabaddaayi, mariyu eusebius yokka "charchi charitra" pustakam III adhyayam Iloe kooda namodu cheyabaddaayi.
modati mariyu rendava sataabdaalaloo prarambha sweekarthalu.
"aavishkartalu prarambha sweekartalato anusandhaaninchabadaali... aavishkarana anedi prarambha samuuhaaniki minchi vyaapti chendalante ". aavishkartala maadirigaa kakunda, prarambha dattatadaarulu saadhaaranamgaa vaari sthaanika saamaajika vyavasthalo gouravapradamaina bhaagam, anduvalla vaaru sweekarinche aavishkaranalaku anukuulamgaa sthaayini tagginchagalugutaaru. saamaajika maanava shaastravetta mariyu baibil panditudu vaenae eah. konnisaarlu, muula samagri lekapovadam antey prarambha kraistava matam yokka anubhavika saamaajika saastraanni vrayadam saadhyam kaadu. ayithe, paulin upakhyanalu roman saamrajyamlo mataparamaina aavishkaranalanu sweekarinchina toli vyaktulalo poultho sambandham unna mahilalanu choopinche konni toli documentary sakshyalanu andistaayi. tama sthaanika saamaajika vyavasthalo gouravapradamaina bhaagamgaa unna pramukha mahilalu, apostalula charyalalo rujuvu chesinatlugaa kraistavatvam vaipu aakarshinchabaddaaru, ikkada philippeelo tyrean purpul ammakandaaraina theatra yokka lydia mariyu thessalonica, beria mariyu ethensloni itara kuleena mahilala gurinchi prastaavinchabadindi (chattalu 17:4,12,33-34). modati sataabdapu saamrajyamlo entha mandhi mahilalu aastini kaligi unnaro ledhaa vaanijyamlo nimagnamai unnaro cheppadaniki taginanta aadharalu laevu, conny kondaru alaa chesaarani aadharalu unnaayi. 
kotta nibandhana purushula paatralatho polchadagina vaari paatralatho prarambha udyamam vyaaptiki neerugaa sahakarinchina nayakuluga mahilalanu perkondi. saaraa bii. roman samajam mahilalanu oke saamaajika vargaaniki chendina purushula maadirigaane karyakalapallo paalgonadaaniki eppuduu prothsahinchaledu" anie pomeroy chepparu."kalaa charitrakaarudu johnet tuloch" "prarambha kraistava saahitya sampradaayaaniki bhinnamgaa, indulo mahilalu ekkuvagaa adrusyamgaa, tappugaa praatinidhyam vahinchabadataaru ledhaa puurtigaa tolaginchabadataaru, prarambha kraistava kalalo stree bommalu vishwaasam yokka prasaaramlo mukhyamaina paatralu poeshistaayi". kraistava matamlo mahilalu kriyaatmaka samaanatvaanni aasvaadinchaarani aneka sankethaalu unnaayi, idhi pedda roman samaajamlo asaadhaaranamainadi mariyu rendava aalaya judayijamlo "chaalaa aascharyakaramainadi".
saibele vanti konni rahasya aaradhanalalo saampradaaya mahilala paatralaku idhe vidhamaina antaraayam kaliginchinatlugaa konni aadharalu kooda unnaayi, conny idhi matam yokka antargata paddhatulaku minchi vellinatlugaa etuvanti aadharalu laevu. eee rahasyalu pedda samaajamlo namuunaalaku pratyaamnaayam srushtinchaledu. rendava aalaya judayijamlo mahilala paatralanu ledhaa purushula paatralanu samanvayam cheyadaaniki etuvanti prayatnam cheyaledani rujuvu ledhu. roman saamrajyam anedi purushudu mariyu streela madhya vyatyaasaala gurinchi avagahana kaliginche yugam. saamaajika paatralanu peddagaa pariganinchaledu. vaaru charchinchabaddaaru, mariyu idhi tarachugaa kontha streedveshamto cheyabadindi. poulu vyatiraekula punarekeekarana yokka praathamika suutraanni upayogistaadu, (galateeyulu 3:28; 1 korindheeyulu 12:13; kolossayulu 3:11) atuvanti saamaajika vyatyaasaalanu tudichiveyadaaniki. baanisa/swechcha, purushudu/stree, greeku/yoodu, sunnati/sunnati cheyani, modalaina vaati gurinchi matladutu, "andaruu" "christulo okaru" ledhaa "kreestu anthaa" anie ayana paerkonnaadu. idhi prarambha charchi yokka "kerigma" loe bhaagamgaa maarindi. 
eee prarambha mahilalu suvaartanu vyaapti cheyadaaniki pramaadaalanu teesukunnaru. kraistava mataaniki vyatiraekamgaa, daaniki baadhyata vahinche mahilalaku vyatiraekamgaa celsus raasina "nijamaina padam" vanti anyamata rachanalalo kanipinche aankshalu, lebullalo idhi spashtamgaa kanipistundi. adhikaram purusha adhikara vyaktitoe undedi, mariyu thana intilo yea asahakara mahilanaina picchivaadigaa ledhaa kaligi unnatlu mudra vaeyadaaniki, aamenu aame inti nundi bahishkarinchadaaniki mariyu aamenu vyabhichaaraaniki khandinchadaaniki ataniki hakku undhi. mataparamaina adhyayanala professor rose craymer "atuvanti teevramaina vyatiraekataku vyatiraekamgaa, kraistava matam yokka sanyasi roopaala bhasha dhruveekarinche yantraamgaala yokka balamaina samitini andinchi undaali", pedda sankhyalo mahilalanu aakarshinchindi.
rendava sataabdam nundi charchi rolls loe, kontamandi "vitantuvu padavini abhyasistunna" mahilala samuuhaala gurinchi nischayaatmaka aadharalu unnaayi. bhaashaashaastra professor geophrey nathan vivaristuu, "roman samaajamlo thana bhartanu kolpoyina vitantuvu, thana sonta dabbu laeni", saamaajika nicchenalo chaalaa diguvana undhi ". lekapothe, niraasrayulaina paristhitulalo undevaariki prarambha charchi aacharanaatmaka maddatunu andinchindi. esther yuy elhis ng ilaa vrasadu, "idhi kotta mahilaa sabhyulanu geluchukovadamlo oka mukhyamaina amsam".
moodava sataabdapu prarambha majority.
vyaapti prakriyaloo prati samuuham mukhyamainadi ayinappatikee, deerghakaalika vijayam ledhaa vaiphalyaaniki "prarambha majority" anie piluvabade samuuham vimarsanaatmakamgaa mukhyamainadi. dheenini sweekarinchadam dwara, migilina samaajaaniki dheenini chattabaddham chese vyaktulu veere. vaaru aavishkaranakartalu mariyu prarambha sweekartala chinna pockets srushtinchina aalochanalu mariyu paddhatulanu teesukuntaaru mariyu aaa aalochanalu mariyu paddhatulanu vishwasaneeyamaina ghnaanamgaa maarustaaru. chaalaa prarambha mariyu saapekshamgaa alasyam madhya vaari pratyeka sthaanam vaatini vyaapti prakriyaloo oka mukhyamaina anusandhanamgaa chestundi. avi vyavastha yokka networklo paraspara anusandhaanatanu andistaayi.
moodava sataabdamloo kraistava matam yokka vruddhi gananeeyamgaa vegavantamaindi. 193 mariyu 235 madhya kaalamlo, eee saamrajyaanni severon raajavamsam paalinchindi. eee kaalamlo charchi loki unnata taragatula pedda sankhyalo prajalu vacchaaru. kraistava sanyaasulatvam udbhavinchindi, mariyu sanyaasula sankhya enthagaa perigindante, "aidava sataabdam natiki, sanyaasulavaadam samaajamlooni anni praantaalanu prabhaavitam chese prabalamaina saktigaa maarindi". 
rendu vinaasakaramaina antuvyaadhulu, 154loe antonine playg mariyu 251loe cyprian playg, saamraajya janabhalo pedda sankhyalo maraninchaaru. graco-roman vaidyulu ekkuvagaa unnatavargaaniki moggu chuupaaru, ayithe paedalu ekkuvagaa mataparamaina devalayalalo "adbhutaalu mariyu mayajalam" aasrayinchaaru. kraistavulu anaarogyamtho mariyu maranistunna vaaritho paatu vruddhulu, anaathalu, bahishkarinchabadina mariyu vitantuvulaku moggu chuupaaru. sanyaasula aarogya samrakshana vyavastha daani paddhatulalo vinootnamainadi. aidava sataabdam natiki, paedala kosam aasupatrula sthaapana bishaplu, mataadhipatulu mariyu mataadhipatulaku saadhaaranamaindi. kraistava matam yokka vijayam eee samsthala sthaapanatho mudipadi undani helmut coester chepparu.
laingika naitikata.
moodava mariyu nalgava sataabdaalaloo kraistava matam lothaina saamaajika mariyu saamskrutika maarpunu prerepinchindani, idhi laingika naitikata mariyu samajam madhya kotta sambandhaanni srushtinchadamlo pradarsinchabadindani shaastreeya panditudu kail harper raasaaru. puraatana greekulu mariyu romanlu iddaroo manchi mariyu chedu, swachchamaina mariyu apavitramaina, mariyu aadarsha mariyu atikramana vanti vargalalo laingika naitikata gurinchi shraddha vahinchaaru mariyu raasaaru. eee naitika nirmaanaalu saamaajika hodha gurinchi roman avagaahanapai nirminchabaddaayi. baanisalaku antargata naitika jeevitam undani bhaavinchaledu endukante vaariki hodha ledhu; vaaru samajikamga takkuva sthaayiki vellaleru. vaatini saadhaaranamgaa laingikamgaa upayoginchevaaru, ayithe vaatini upayoginchina svaechchaayutamaina mariyu baga janminchina vaaru saamaajika gowravam mariyu vaari sthaanaaniki saripoye siggu mariyu laingika vinayanni pradarsinche saamarthyaanni kaligi untaarani bhaavinchaaru.
maanavatvam yokka lothaina naitikatalu vidhi icchina saamaajika sthaanampai aadharapadi untaayani greekulu mariyu romanlu vishwasinchaaru. kraistava matam "vyaktigata swechcha yokka samoola bhavana chuttoo kendrikrutamai undhi" anie vaadinchindi... puurti laingika samstha. apostaludu mariyu athani anucharulu laingika sweeya niyantranaku naitika baadhyata devuniki undani, mariyu adhi prati vyakti, purushudu mariyu stree, baanisa mariyu svaechchaayutamaina, anni samajalalo, hodaato sambandham lekunda, samanamga unchabadindani bodhinchaaru. idhi "pravartana niyamaalalo oka viplavam, conny maanavuni swaroopamlo kooda" anie harper chepparu. kraistava matam puraatana vyavasthanu prabhaavitam chesindi, ikkada saamaajika mariyu raajakeeya hodha, adhikaram mariyu saamaajika asamaanatanu taruvaati taraaniki vyaapti cheyadam laingika naitikata yokka nibandhanalanu vividha sthaayilalo maarpulatoe vrasai. 
himsa.
prarambha kraistava charchilu vanti modular scale free netvarklu, "balamainavi", antey "avi kendra dhisha lekunda perugutaayi, conny vaatini tudichivese chaalaa prayatnaalanu kooda thattukogalavu."
marpidi anedi aaa vyakti yokka saamaajika network yokka pratyaksha mariyu sannihita vyaktula parichayaalatho mudipadi untundi, idhi anivaryamgaa, oka vyakti yokka vidheyata dwara vargeekarinchabadutundi. romlo, pourulu rashtra matam yokka aneka vindu rojulu, ooregimpulu mariyu samarpanala acharalalo palgonadam dwara rome patla tama vidheyatanu pradarsinchaalani bhaavinchaaru. idhi tarachugaa kotta kraistavula itara vidheyatalatho gharshanaku gurayyedi.
eee sanghatanala samayamlo chaalaa mandhi, alaage taruvaati taraala vishwaasulu, maraninchina vyaktigata vishwaasula sthaanaanni chattabaddham cheyadamtho paatu charchi yokka bhaavajaalam mariyu adhikaranni chattabaddham chestu himsa mariyu badhalanu chuusaaru. rendava sataabdapu justein amaraveerudi prakaram, himsa phalitamgaa ilaa jarigindih "... ituvanti vishayalu entha ekkuvagaa jarugutayo, antha ekkuva mandhi itarulu mariyu ekkuva sankhyalo vishwaasapaatrulu avutaaru, yesu paeru dwara devunni aaraadhistaaru. keeth hopkins ilaa muginchaadu, "[moodava sataabdam] loe, taatkaalika nashtalu unnappatikee, kraistava matam sampoorna paramgaa vaegamgaa perigindi. maroe maatalo cheppalante, sankhya paramgaa, himsa kraistava mataaniki manchidi ".
abhipraya nayakudiga sthirapadandi.
nora shokam prakaram, paalakulu abhipraya nayakulu avutaaru, mariyu vaaru charitra antataa kraistava matamlo tarachugaa mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchaaru. aavishkartalu aavishkaranalanu parichayam chestaaru, prarambha sweekarthalu daanini samajikamga aamodayogyamgaa chestaaru, prarambha majority daanini chattabaddham chestaaru, ayithe abhipraya nayakulu daanini sweekarinchadam dwara dhruveekaristaaru. abhipraya nayakulu kendra network sthaanaanni kaligi untaarani anubhavika phalitaalu chuupistunnaayi. vaaru prabhaavitam chese saamaajika networklo sabhyulu mariyu anucharulu unnaaru. madhyalo vaari sthaanam nundi, vaaru itara anusandhaaninchabadina vyaktula abhipraayaalanu prabhaavitam chese gananeeyamaina saamaajika prabhavanni chuupagalaru. abhipraya nayakulu aavishkarana gurinchi vyaktigata parignaanam kaligi untaaru mariyu sthirapadina nibandhanalaku takkuva avakaasam kaligi untaaru mariyu vyaktigatamgaa marinta vinuutnamgaa untaaru. abhipraya nayakulu samachara pravaham yokka vyaapti vegaanni, dattata prakriyanu penchutaaru mariyu garishta dattata saataanni penchutaaru. noti maata dwara aavishkaranala vyaaptiloo vaariki keelaka praamukhyata undhi, mariyu praja sambandhaala prayatnaalalo masters avutaaru. 
peater lithart constantine jeevitam "modati mariyu aavishkaranalato nindina naatakeeya jeevitam" anie vraasaadu "athani prashnaarthakamaina muulaalu, oka raatri nilabadataaniki, oka puraanam prakaram, oka raatri nilabadataaniki; airopa antataa nicomedia nundi athani ratriputa tappinchukovadam, thana tandrini cherukovadaniki; romlo thana vijayaniki mundu siluva yokka drushti; nikeya mandaliloki athani pravesam; alegzandrialo greeku neeti gadilo athani maranam; athanu sthiramaina loki prayaanistunnappudu chakravartini edurkontunna maaruveshamlo bishop adhanasius; constantine yokka baptism mariyu maranam mariyu apostalula charchilo" padamuudava apostaludu "gaa athani khananam... [athanu] modati bahiranga kraistava roman chakravarthy, charchiki maddatu icchina modati chakravarthy, charchi mandaliki pilupunicchi, paalgonadaaniki modati chakravarthy, constantinople vyavasthaapakudu mariyu tadwara byzantine saamrajyam sthaapakudu, idhi tadupari sahasraabdi varaku konasaagindi. constantine rajakeeyaalalo mariyu thana vyaktigata imagenu nirvahinchadamlo atyanta naipunhyam kaligi unnaadani, alaa cheyadaaniki tarachugaa abaddham chebutunnadani, aaa image tanaku pondina prabhavam mariyu shakti gurinchi puurtigaa telusunani panditulu saadhaaranamgaa angeekaristaaru.
matam patla constantine yokka pradhana vidhanam kraistava mataanni sweekarinchadam prayojanakaramgaa cheyadam dwara pralobhaanni upayoginchadam. charitrakaarudu pott southan prakaram, "saamraajya prothsaaham, aastini kaligi undataaniki chattaparamaina hakkulu mariyu aardhika sahayam", nirbandham mariyu athani vaarasulu charchiki manjuru cheyadam, tadupari vanda samvatsaraalalo charchi vijayaniki mukhyamaina sahakaralu. kraistava mataaniki anukuulamgaa unna chattalu charchi yokka hodaanu penchaayi mariyu nirbandhita sahacharulaku-kuleena vargaaniki-aakarshanheeyamgaa chesaayi-idhi vaaru daanini angeekarinchadaaniki siddhamgaa undatam chaalaa mukhyam. ("chivari majority" anevaaru samsayavaadulu, vaaru samaajamlooni sagatu sabhyulu daanini angeekarinchina tarwate aavishkaranalanu angeekaristaaru.) constantineku vipareetamaina vyaktigata prajaadarana mariyu maddatu anyamata kuleenulalo kooda undedi. idhi kontamandi vyaktulanu vaari chakravarthy matam gurinchi samacharam pondadaaniki prerepinchindi. idhi kuleena bandhutvam mariyu sneha sambandhaala dwara mariyu poeshaka sambandhaala dwara gadichindi. vyaktigata anubandhaala dwara erpadina saamaajika networklalo marpidi kadalikalu unnayani spashtam chestundi, ayithe eee samuuhaaniki varga sambandhaalu marinta mukhyamainavani salzmann nokki chebutunnadu. sakshyam prakaram sagam saamrajyam 350 natiki kraistava matamloki maarindi, ayithe unnatavargamlo ekkuva mandhi 360la varaku mariyu aaa taruvaata kooda maaraledu. 
kraistava matam kooda dattata teesukovadam dwara sweekarinchabadindi. nirbandham taruvaata, anyamatasthulu mariyu kraistavula madhya sarihaddu aspashtamgaa maaradam praarambhinchindi. nalgava sataabdaaniki mundu samaajamlo, tertullion vanti charchi sabhyulu saamaajika kramaanni 'anyamatasthudu' gaa bhaavinchi, "anduvalla vaarini dhooram cheyavalasi vachindi" anie robbert austin marcus vivarinchaadu. conny milan saasanam (313) saamraajya bhavajaalaanni paraspara mataparamaina sahanam yokka oka amsamgaa punarnirvachinchindi. anyamatamgaa pariganinchabade vaatini punaralochinchalsi vachindi. idhi "kraistavulu mariyu kraistavetarulu samanamga panchukogala praja samskruti yokka saktivantamaina pushpinche"-tyaagam yokka abhyasam lekunda-antey rendu matha sampradaayaalu saha-unikilo unnaayi, mariyu chaalaa varaku, kaalam antataa okarinokaru sahinchukuntaayi. nalgava sataabdam chivari mariyu aidava sataabdam praarambhamlo, bahudevataradhana kotta matam yokka aneka amsaalanu abhivruddhi chesi sweekarinchindi, adhe samayamlo charchi mariyu saamrajyam rendinti nirmaanam mariyu aadarsaalu kooda roopaantaram chendaayi.

