bombus accidentalis

paschima united states mariyu paschima kenadaalo unna sumaru 30 bumbleby jaatulalo bombus accidentalis, paschima bumbleby okati. prapanchavyaaptamgaa daani sannihitulandaripai iteevala sameeksha daani pratyeka jaatigaa daani hodaanu dhruvikarinchinatlu telustondi.
vivarana.
paaschaatya bumbleby kaarmikulaku moodu pradhana rangu vaividhyaalu unnaayi. modati rangu vaividhyam uttara california, uttaram nundi british columbia, mariyu thoorpu nundi nairuti suscotchevan mariyu montana varaku kanipistundi. "bii. eee praantaalalo "accidentalis" chaatii mundu bhaagamlo pasupu juttu kaligi untundi. nalgava pottikadupu vibhagala yokka besal vibhaagamlo nallati juttu vibhagalu kooda gurtinchabadataayi, nalgava mariyu aidava pottikadupu vibhagala yokka nallati juttu mariyu tellati diguva anchu kaligi untaayi. adanamgaa, vaaru aarava pottikadupu vibhaagamlo nallaga kanipinche arudaina tellati ventrukalanu mariyu puurtigaa nallati talanu kooda kaligi untaaru.
rendava rangu vaividhyam californialoni madhya teeram vembadi kanipistundi. idhi rendava pottikadupu vibhaagaaniki vaipula pasupu juttu mariyu moodava pottikadupu vibhagam mottam mariyu aidava pottikadupu vibhaagamlo erupu-godhuma juttu kaligi untundi.
moodava rangu vaividhyam raathi parvataala nundi alaska varaku kanipistundi. idhi rekkala venuka chaatiipai mariyu rendava venuka bhaagamlo mariyu moodava pottikadupu bhagalannintilo pasupu juttu kaligi untundi.
gurtimpu.
anni keetakaalaku moodu pradhana shareera bhagalu untayih thala, vakshojam mariyu udaram. bumbleby jaatula gurtimpu anedi pottikadupu bhagalapai rangulanu suuchistumdi. pottikadupu bhagalu t1 nundi t6 varaku (magavaaraithe t7) lekkinchabadataayi, ivi thoraxku daggaragaa unna pottikadupu bhaagam nundi praarambhamai, aapai ventrallegaa panicheestaayi.
linga nirdhaarana.
paaschaatya bumbleby lingaanni nirnayinchadaaniki konni margalu upayoginchabadataayi. purushulaku (dronelu) edu pottikadupu vibhagalu undagaa, mahilalaku (raanulu mariyu kaarmikulu) aaru matrame untaayi. dronela antennalo 13 vibhagalu undagaa, aadavi 12 matrame kaligi untaayi. dronelaku stingerlu undavu. adanamgaa, aadavari venuka kaallu vedalpugaa mariyu lavuga untaayi, puppodi butta tarachugaa kanipistundi. dronelu puppodi buttalu laeni sannani venuka kaallanu kaligi untaayi. bii" madhya laingika gurtimpuku maroka clue. accidentalis jaatulu avi gamaninchabadinappudu untaayi. vasantakaalamlo modata raanulu kanipistaaru, aaa tarvaata kaarmikulu kanipistaaru. appudu aadavaallandarinii vesavi antataa mariyu saradrutuvu praarambhamlo chudavachu. dronelu vesavi chivaralo mariyu saradrutuvu praarambhamlo matrame kanipistaayi.
vargeekarana mariyu phylogeny.
eee jaathi taragati purugu, arder hymenoptera mariyu epide kutumbaaniki chendinadi. bombus terricolatho" daggari sambandham unnappatikee, DNA aadharalu avi oka pratyaekamaina jaathi anie dhruvikaristunnayi. theneteegala koyi-barkodenu pariseelinchadam dwara upajaatula vibhajanaku aadharalu kanugonabaddayi, idhi "bombus accidentalis" nuu uttara mariyu dakshina janabha madhya vibhajinchavacchani suuchistumdi. prati upajaatiki nirdishta haplotype samuuhaalu untaayi, ivi janabha madhya juttu podavulo vyatyaasaala dwara pratibimbistaayi. dakshina "bii. uttara "bii" thoo poliste accidentalis "gananeeyamgaa chinna juttunu kaligi unnatlu anipistundi. accidentalis ".
pampinhee mariyu janabha.
"bombus accidentalis" okappudu vaayuvya americalo atyanta saadhaarana theneteega jaatulalo okati. ivi madhyadhara california nundi alaskaloni tandra praantaala varaku kanugonabaddayi, ivi vistruta shreni bhougolika paridhi kaligina theneteegalalo okatigaa marai. ayithe, iteevala janabha gananeeyamgaa taggindi. gatha dasaabdamloo, "bii" janabha. accidentalis "daadaapu 40.32% taggindi. california, paschima oregon mariyu paschima washingtonlalo eee theneteegala adrushyam mukhyamgaa gananeeyamgaa undhi. bii" yokka paridhi mariyu sthirathvam. accidentalis kooda daadaapu 20 saatam taggindi. kontamandi saastravettalu janabha taggudalaku paraannajeevi ayina "nosema" perugudalanu kaaranamani suuchistunnaaru. european theneteegala dandayaatra kaaranamgaa janabha taggudala vacchi undavacchani marikondaru chebutunnaru. chebutunnaru jarigina oka iteevali adhyayanam paaschaatya bumbleby janabha tirigi punjukuntondani suuchistumdi, bahusha "nosema" kuu nirodhakata yokka parinaamaatmaka abhivruddhi kaaranamgaa.
paatralu.
chaalaa bumble theneteegala maadirigaane, "bii. oka season mugimpu sameepistunnappudu oka raani, kontamandi mahilaa kaarmikulu mariyu kaalaneelooni itara punarutpaadaka sabhyulatho accidentalis kaalaneelu erpadataayi. kaalanee praarambhamaina tarvaata raani pani gudlu pettadam. bumble theneteega kaarmikulu ranithone undi, adanapu kaarmikulu mariyu maga mariyu aada punarutpaadaka sabhyula utpattiki sahayam chestaaru. larvalaku aaharam ivvadam vaari pani. thene mariyu puppodi kosam metha veyadam mariyu maamsaahaarulu mariyu paraannajeevula nundi kaalaneeni rakshinchadam vanti itara paatralu kooda mahilaa kaarmikulaku unnaayi.
stree punarutpatti sabhyulu, lekapothe jimlu anie pilustaaru, sheethaakaalamlo manugada saagistaaru, tadwara vaaru marosari kaalanee chakram gundaa vellavacchu. stree purushulu raanulugaa maare avakaasam undhi, sheethaakaalamlo nidraanasthitiki oka sthalaanni kanugonadam vaari baadhyata, tadwara vaaru vachhe seasonlo mallee kaalaneeni praarambhinchavacchu.
kaalanee chakram.
kotta kaalanee saadhaaranamgaa vasanta rutuvu praarambhamlo ontari raani dwara praarambhamavutundi. modata, raani tagina goodu sthalaanni kanugontundi. itara bumble theneteegala maadirigaane, "bii. elukalu ledhaa itara jantuvulu vadilipettina kuharalu ledhaa yaadruchchika borealalo bhoogarbhamlo accidentalis goollu. raani appudu mainapu nirmaanaanni nirminchi, gudlu pettadaniki dravyaraasini srushtinchadaaniki puppodini sekarinchaali.
mahilaa kaarmikula modati santaanam peddavaarainappudu, vaaru thene mariyu puppodi kosam metha, kaalaneeni rakshinchadam mariyu larvalanu tinipinchadam vanti panulanu chepadataru. eee dasalo raani yokka ekaika pani ekkuva gudlu pettadam. bii" yokka kaalanee. accidentalis "loe sumaru 1,600 mandhi kaarmikulu undavacchu, idhi itara bumble theneteega jaatulato poliste peddadi. fibravari prarambham nundi november chivari varaku, kaalanee vimaana prayaana kaalamloki pravesistundi. appudu, patanam praarambhamlo, kaalaneelooni punarutpaadaka vyaktulu utpatti cheyabadataru. sheethaakaalam prarambhamainappudu, vruddha raani, kaarmikulu mariyu magavallandaru chanipotaru, sheethaakaalam nidraanasthitiloo gadapadaniki jimlu oka pradaesam kosam vetakadaaniki vadilivestaaru.
pravartana.
paaschaatya bambulbeelu saadhaarana methalu. avi yea okka pushpa rakampai aadhaarapadakapovadam valla, avi adbhutamaina paragasamparkaluga pariganinchabadataayi. bambulbeelu aneka itara theneteegala kante challani ushnogratalalo mariyu takkuva egurutuu unde sthaayilalo kooda egaragalavu. adanamgaa, bambulbeelu "buzz paraagasamparkam" nirvahistaayi. oka bumbleby thana davadalloni puvvu yokka puppodi utpatti nirmaanaanni pattukuni, aame rekkala kandaraalanu kampinchinappudu eee pravartana pradarsinchabadutundi, idhi puppodini tolaginche kampanaalaku kaaranamavutundi, lekapothe puvvu yokka antherlalo chikkukuni undedi. tamotalu, miriyalu mariyu cranberrylu eee rakamaina paraagasamparkam avasaramayye konni mokkalu. eee kaaranaala valla, theneteegala kante bambulbeelu marinta prabhaavavantamaina paragasamparkaluga pariganinchabadataayi. "alfalfa, avokadolu, aapil, cherries, blockberries, cranberries mariyu blueberries vanti pantalanu paraagasamparkam cheyadaaniki "bombus accidentalis" nuu vaanijyaparamgaa penchaaru.
kaarmikulu thenenu sekarinchi goodulo tirigi nimputaaru. puppodini sekarinchi, venuka kaallapai unna "puppodi buttalalo" unchutaaru. thene carbohydratelanu andistundi, puppodi protein andistundi.
pravartananu penchadam.
"bii. accidentalis anevi saamaajika theneteegalu, mariyu goodu tirigi vachhe vijayavantamaina methalu tama goodu sahacharulanu metha kosam prerepinchagalavu, ayinappatikee bahusha itara bambulbeela maadirigaane, avi vanarula vaastava sthaanaanni teliyajeyaleru. eee drugvishayaanni tarachugaa 'forage activation' anie pilustaaru. tirigi vachhe vaetagaadu entha niyamakanni pondagaladu anedi naanhyatapai aadharapadi untundi ("i.ii."thene (ledhaa sukroj) yokka ekagrata) adhi kanugonnadi. metha kriyaaseelata sambhavinche vidhanam baga ardham kaaledu, conny tirigi vachhe metha, daani sarukunu dinche mundu goodu chuttoo parugettadaaniki mariyu daani goodu sahacharulatho sambhaashinchadaaniki kontha samayam gadipe avakaasam undhi, idhi metha pravartananu prerepinche ferromone vidudala chestundi. antekakunda, adhika-naanhyatagala thene akasmaattugaa ravadam anedi metha pravartananu prerepinchavacchu.
bambulbeelu vanaru sthaanaanni spashtamgaa teliyajeyalekapoyinappatiki, yea puula jaatulu mukhyamgaa suvasana dwara bahumatigaa unnayo metha kriyaaseelata teliyajestundani telustondi, endukante sakriyam cheyabadina goodu sahacharulu tirigi vachhe metha dwara intiki teesukuvacche vasanaku praadhaanyata istaaru.
thene dopidi pravartana.
puvvula laingika bhaagaalato sambandham lekunda jeevi puvvula thenenu pondinappudu "thene dopidi" pravartana pradarsinchabadutundi. "bii. vaari naalukala chinnatanam kaaranamgaa accidentalis eee pravartananu pradarsinchadam chudavachu. saadhaarana maargam gundaa vellae badulu, "bii. accidentalis "prakriyanu tappinchukovadaaniki randhraalu cheyadaaniki vaati mandiblesnu upayogistundi. bii" yokka mandibles. anduvalla itara bumble jaatula kante accidentalis "puvvulanu kattirinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki marinta panti pallu kaligi untaayi.
thene yokka praamukhyata
idhi "bii" kii keelakam. vaari kaalaneeki adhika sthaayi thenenu nirvahinchadaaniki accidentalis. nilva chesina thene sthaayi kaalanee ushnogratanu prabhaavitam cheyadame kakunda, theneteegala takkuva shakti kaaranamgaa theneteegalalo lopaalu pravartanalo gananeeyamaina maarpuku kaaranamavutaayi. shakti samruddhiga unna kaalaneelu mamsaharulache bedirinchabadinappudu, avi sahaja rakshana pravartananu oohinchi, maamsaahaarulanu nirodhinchadaaniki biggaraga kadulutaayi. ayithe, takkuva shakti gala kaalaneelu ippatikee vaari kaalaneelalone untaayi. taatkaalika takkuva shakti kaalalu larwala manugadanu prabhaavitam cheyanappatiki, idhi maamsaahaarulaku kaalaneela grahanaseelatanu penchutundi mariyu larwala abhivruddhi samayanni penchutundi.
raanula santaana gurtimpu.
bii" yokka raanulu. accidentalis "thana sonta goodu mariyu santaanaanni gurtinche saamarthyaanni kaligi untundi. oka nirdishta santaanam vacchina tarvaata, raani thana sonta santaanam ledhaa videshee anae daanipai aadharapadi bhinnamgaa pravartistundi. raanulu videshee santaanam unnatlayithe vaari antennalatho videshee santaanam gaddala uparitalaanni tanikhi cheyadaaniki gananeeyamgaa ekkuva samayam gaduputaaru. santaanam tamadi kaadani gurtinchina tarvaata, eee pariseelana kaalamlo raanulu bayaludere avakaasam ekkuvagaa untundi. ayithe, eee raanulu videshee santaanam sameepamlo undi, goodu tirigi pravesinche mundu daani pravesha dwaaram chuttoo chinna vimanalu naduputaaru. chaalaa mandhi raanulu kotta kaalaneeni vidichipettadaaniki badulu daanini dattata teesukoovadaaniki enchukuntaaru, mariyu videshee santaanam yokka kaarmikulu kotta raani kosam panicheyadam praarambhistaaru. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, tama asalu goollaku tirigi vachhe raanulu tama santaanaanni podiginchi, daani santaanampai thene kundanu chaalaa twaragaa tudichivestaaru.
kontamandi saastravettalu eee saamarthyam durakramana mariyu paraannajeevulaku parinaamaatmaka pratispandanagaa vacchi undavacchani oohinchaaru. "bii. accidentalis "adhika sankhyalo antar-nirdishta mariyu antar-nirdishta durviniyogaanni edurkontundi. adanamgaa, vaaru paraannajeevi "sytherus" theneteegala dandayaatranu kooda edurkontaaru. gurtimpu saamarthyam vatiki anugunamgaa abhivruddhi chendhi undavacchu. santaanam gurtinche saamarthyam anedi "bii" kaarakaala upa utpatti anie itarulu vaadistaaru. accidentalis ". saamaajika kandireegala kosam, "bii. accidentalis, "nestmate gurtimpu keelakam. raani teliyani vaasanalanu gurtinchadaaniki abhivruddhi chendhi undavacchu, tadwara vaaru videshee santaanaanni kooda gurtinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi.
bedirimpulu.
eee jaatiki muppu
parirakshana.
paragasamparkaluga vaati paatra kaaranamgaa, bumbleby janabha kolpovadam valla suduura paryaavarana prabhavalu untaayi. "bii. okappudu uttara california, oregon, washington, alasca, idaho, montana, paschima nebrasca, paschima uttara dakota, paschima dakshina dakota, wyoming, utah, kolarado, uttara arizona mariyu nyuu mexico vanti vistruta shrenini kaligi undedi. 1998 nundi, idhi janabhalo taggutuu vachindi. paschima mariyu madhya california, paschima oregon, paschima washington mariyu british columbialo atyadhika ksheenata namodaindi. dakshina british columbia nundi madhya california varaku, eee jaathi daadaapu kanumarugaindi. ayithe, chaaritraka shrenini eppuduu kramapaddhatilo namoonaga teesukoledu.
vyavasaya mariyu pattana abhivruddhi phalitamgaa bumbleby aavasalu marintagaa vicchinnamayyaayi. anni bumbleby jaatulu vaati santanotpatti vyavastha kaaranamgaa takkuva prabhaavavantamaina janabha parimaanaalanu kaligi untaayi, mariyu mukhyamgaa santaanotpattiki gurayye avakaasam undhi, idhi janabhalo janyu vaividhyaanni taggistundi mariyu siddhaantaparamgaa janabha ksheenata pramaadaanni penchutundi.
1992 mariyu 1994 madhya, "bii. accidentalis "mariyu" bii. panta paraagasamparkam kosam balaheenulanu vaanijyaparamgaa penchi, european pempakam soukaryaalaku ravana chesi, aapai tirigi ravana chesaaru. bumbleby nipunudu daa. rabin thorp adhe sadupaayamlo penchutunnappudu european theneteega nundi pondina vyaadhi kaaranamgaa vaati ksheenata kontavaraku undani oohinchindi. uttara america bambulbeelaku eee vyaadhikaarakaaniki mundu nirodhakata undedi kaadu. uttara americaku tirigi vacchina taruvaata, prabhaavita bambulbeelu sankarshana chendhi, vyaadhini adavi janaabhaaku vyaapti chesaayi. "bii. accidentalis "mariyu" bii. paschima united stateslo fraanklini prabhaavitamaindi. "bii. affinis "mariyu" bii. thoorpu united stateslo terricola prabhaavitamaindi. 1990la nundi naalugu jaatula janabha taggutondi. adanamgaa, eee naalugu bumbleby jaatulu daggari sambandham kaligi unnaayi mariyu oke upajaatiki chendinavi; "bombus sensu stricto". daa. tharf kooda "bii" anie oohinchindi. asahana jaatulu vahakaalugaa undi undavacchu mariyu vividha bumbleby jaatulu vaati vyadhikaaraka sunnitatvamlo bhinnamgaa undavacchu. undavacchu, jaateeya parisoedhanaa mandali sthaanika bambulbeelu ksheeninchadaaniki pradhana kaaranam iteevala pravesapettina "nosema bombi" mariyu "crithedia bombi" thoo sahaa sthaanika sileendhraalu kaani mariyu protojova paraannajeevulu anie gurtinchindi.
california antarinchipothunna jaatula chattam kinda "bombus accidentalis" mariyu maroe muggurini antarinchipothunna jaatulugaa jabita cheyadaaniki jerses society, vanyapraanula rakshakulu mariyu aahara bhadrata kendram october october california fish und game commissionku oka petitionnu samarpinchaayi. california chepalu mariyu vanyapraanula vibhagam eee petitionnu california fish und game commission kosam 2019 eprillo puurti chesina nivedikalo anchanaa vesindi. juun 12,2019naa california fish und game commission "bombus accidentalis" thoo sahaa naalugu bambulbeelanu california antarinchipothunna jaatula chattam kinda rakshita jaatula jaabitaalo chaerchadaaniki ootu vesindi. adavi chepa, molask, crustatian, akasheruka, ubhayachara, ledhaa aaa jantuvulalo deeninainaa bhaagam, spaan ledhaa andaasayam" anie chepanu sesa nirvachinchina tadupari chattaparamaina savaalu chivariki raddu cheyabadindi, endukante eee chattaparamaina nirvachanam prakaram rakshanaku arhata pondadaaniki akasherukaalu (anduvalla keetakaalato sahaa) annintikee spashtamaina uddesam undhi.
maanava praamukhyata.
mundu cheppinatlugaa, "bii. greenhouselalo sahayam cheyadaaniki gatamlo accidentalis upayoginchabadindi. veetini vividha rakaala pantalaku upayogistunnaru, conny tamotalatho ivi mukhyamgaa mukhyamaina paatra poeshinchaayi. eee bumble theneteegala vaadakamlo oka samasya emitante daani chalinche prabhavam. greenhouse aavasalalo kaalaneelu daggaragaa sameekarinchadam valla, konni theneteegalu videshee kaalaneelaloki pravahinche pravartananu abhivruddhi chesayani vaaru kanugonnaru. eee chalinche theneteegalu tappanisarigaa saamaajika paraannajeevulu, endukante avi tama kaalaneelalo tama paatralanu vadulukuni, tama paripakva andaasayaalanu videshee kaalaneelaku parichayam chestaayi.
antekakunda, america mariyu airopaloni raashtraala madhya ajaagratta niyantrana kaaranamgaa, "nosema" paraannajeevivaadam "bii" loe prabalamgaa maarindi. accidentalis janabha. ippudu avi takkuva sankhya mariyu "bii" kaaranamgaa ikapai pempakam ledhaa vaanijyaparamgaa vikrayinchabadavu. vaati sthaanamlo "impatians" upayoginchabaddaayi.

