
chang mariyu ingland bunker

chang bunker mariyu ing bunker (mae 11,1811-janavari 17,1874) anevi siamese-american janta sodarulu, vaari keerti "siamese kavalalu" anae vyakteekarananu saadhaaranamgaa kalisina kavalalaku paryaayapadamgaa maarchindi. vaaru vistrutamgaa utsukatagaa pradarsinchabaddaaru mariyu "pantommidava sataabdamloo atyanta adhyayanam cheyabadina maanavulalo iddaru".
sodarulu siam (ippudu thailand anie pilustaaru) loe chainees puurveekulatoo janminchaaru mariyu 1829loe united statesku teesukuvacchaaru. vaaru "vichitramaina pradarsanalalo" american mariyu european prekshakulaku telisinanduna vaidyulu vaarini tanikhi chesaaru. vaartaapatrikalu mariyu prajalu modatlo vaari patla saanubhooti chuupaaru, mariyu moodu samvatsaraalalo vaaru tama nirvaahakula niyantrananu vidichipetti, vaaru tamanu mosam chestunnarani bhaavinchi, tamantata taamugaa paryatinchaaru. prarambha pradarsanalalo, vaaru vidaeseeyulugaa maararu mariyu vaari athleticismnu pradarsinchaaru; taruvaata vaaru marinta gouravapradamaina parlor nepadhyamlo aanglamlo sambhaashanhalu nirvahinchaaru.
1839loe, oka dasaabdam aardhika vijayam taruvaata, kavalalu parytananu vidichipetti, uttara karolinaloni mount airy sameepamlo sthirapaddaaru. vaaru american pourulu ayyaru, baanisalanu konugolu chesaaru, sthaanika sodareemanulanu vivaham chesukunnaru mariyu 21 mandhi pillalaku tandri ayyaru, vaarilo chaalaa mandhi parytananu tirigi praarambhinchinappudu vaaritho paatu vacchaaru. changs mariyu ingland yokka sambandhita kutumbaalu ververu illalo nivasinchaayi, akkada kavalalu moodu rojula paatu pratyamnaayamgaa basa chesaaru. antaryuddham taruvaata, vaaru tama sampadalo kontha bhaganni, tama baanisalanu kolpoyaru. 62 samvatsaraala vayassulo cheng maraninchina konni gantala taruvaata, shavapareekshalo vaari kaaleyaalu vaari ubbasamnu anusandhaaninche snaayuvulo kalisipoyayani velladaindi.
navala rachayita darrin strass ilaa vraasaaru, "vaari ummadi charitra vaaru jeevinchi unnappatikee puraanam, pakkadaari pattinche atisayokti mariyu sampadakiya aavishkaranala gandaragolam."aneka rachanalu bankarla jeevitaalanu kalpitamgaa marchai, tarachugaa sahakaram ledhaa vibhedaalanu suuchistaayi, mukhyamgaa poura yuddham samayamlo union mariyu samakhyaku praatinidhyam vahinchadamlo.
siam loe (1811-1829).
chang mariyu ingland 1811loe siam (aadhunika thailand) loe janminchaaru. vaari talli vaari itara thobuttuvula kante vaari jananam antha kashtam kaadani chepparu. vaari khachitamaina puttina thedhee mariyu vaari prarambha jeevitaala vivaralu aspashtamgaa unnaayi. kavalalapai mottamodati nivedika 1811 mae puttina nelanu ketayistundi. vaari janma gramanni mcclang (neti samut sangkhram) anie pilustaaru; pattanamlooni oka vigraham kavalala janmasthalaanni gurtuchestundi.
vaari tandri, tii-ii, chainees santatiki chendina matsyakaarudu. kavalalu chinna vayassulo unnappudu athanu maraninchaadu, bahusha 1819loe eee praantam gundaa vyaapinchina mashoochi mahammarilo. vaari talli, noke, thana pillala sahayamtho baatulanu penchindi. vaari talli jaathi muulam aspashtamgaa undhi. aame siamese, chainees, pakshika chainees mariyu pakshika-siamese, ledhaa pakshika-chainees mariyu pakshika-malae anie vividha vruttaamtaalu suuchistunnaayi. chang mariyu aangleyulu theravaada bouddhulugaa perigaaru. sternum vadda cherinappatiki, vaaru itara pillalatho parigettutuu, aadukuntu utsaahamgaa unde yuvakulu. vaari talli vaarini thana itara pillallage, vaari kalayikapai pratyeka shraddha lekunda "vaastava vishayam" gaa penchindi.
sodarula "aavishkarana" scottish vyapari robbert vaetagaadu ghanata pondaadu. vaetagaadu gananeeyamaina swechchatho prayaaninchina siamese prabhutvaaniki viswasaneeya vaanijya sahacharudu. 1824loe, vaetagaadu modatisaarigaa kavalalanu kalusukunnappudu athanu menum nadiloe fishing botlo unnappudu mariyu kavalalu saayantram eetha kodutuu unnaaru. athanu vaatini "vintha jantuvu" gaa porapatuga bhaavinchaadu, conny vaarini kalisina taruvaata vaarini paschimaaniki teesukuraavadamlo aardhika avakaasaanni chushadu.
aaa sodarulanu champamani siam raaju aadesinchaadani, vaarini desham nundi bayataku ravana cheyadaanni modata nishedhinchaadani athanu taruvaata oka kathanu chebutaadu. katha yokka nijaayitiitoo sambandham lekunda, vaetagaadu vaatini dhooramgaa teesukuraavadaaniki aidu samvatsaraalu pattindi. vaetagaadu mariyu american sea kepten abel savapetika 1829 vesavilo kavalalatho united statesku bayaluderindi. sodarulato santakam chesina oka contract vaetagaadu mariyu savapetika vaari paryatana aidella paatu konasaagutundani nirdesinchindi, ayithe chang mariyu ingland talli vaarini banisaga vikrayinchinatlu oka pukaaru taruvaata vyaapinchindi, idhi kavalalanu baga kalachivesindi.
kraistava mataprachaarakulu 1845loe, aame maraninchadaaniki naalugu samvatsaraala mundu, vaari tallini sampradinchaaru. 15 samvatsaraalugaa tamatho kalisina kumaarulu chanipoyarani, vaarini chudaledani aame nammadu, conny vaaru sajeevamgaa unnaarani, iteevala vivaham chesukunnarani samacharam andindi.
prayaanam mariyu paryatana (1829-1839).
chang mariyu ing 17 samvatsaraala vayassulo vaetagaadu, savapetika, 18 mandhi sibbandi mariyu oka siamese anuvaadakuditoe united statesku prayaaninchaaru. vaaru 1829 augustu 16naa boston cherukunnaru, marusati roeju "boston patriot" savapetika mariyu vaetagaadu yokka aasayaalanu dhruvikarincharuhu kavalalu "bahusha prajalaku pradarsinchabadataaru". vaarini ventane vaidyulu tanikhi chesaaru, veerilo chaalaa mandhi physiognamy mariyu frenologyni upayoginchaaru mariyu vaarini chaineeyulugaa nirdhaarinchaaru. vaari raaka vividha sthaayilalo jaathi moosaposalu mariyu abaddhaalatho vaartaapatrikalalo utsaahamgaa nivedinchabadindi.
united statesnu vidichipettina taruvaata vaaru british deevulalooni pradhana nagarallo paryatinchaaru, mariyu marchi 1831loe vaaru newyork tirigi vachhe samayaniki, kavalalu aangla patanam, rachana mariyu matladatamlo kontha naipunyaanni pondaaru. vaartaapatrikalu taamu goppa laabhaalanu sampaadinchaamani nivedinchaayi, mariyu vaari prachara samagri vaari viniyogadaarulanu gouravapradamainavigaa varninchadam praarambhinchindi-vaari pradarsana charya mudi anipinchinappatikii-marinta dabbu sampaadinchina sandarsakulanu teesukuraavadaaniki sahaayapadutundi.
kavalalu modata landanlooni eejiptu haallo kanipinchaaru. taruvaata vaaru airopalo paryatinchi, aapai united statesku tirigi vacchi, diam museumlu mariyu itara vedikalalo kanipinchaaru. nagarallo paryatinchinappudu, kavalalu chaalaa rojulu (konnisaarlu oka vaaraaniki paiga) oka hotels undi, vaari "vichitramaina pradarsana" kii haajaru kaavadaaniki prekshakulanu koraru. chinna pattanaallo, vaari manager vaaru rakamunde flyerlanu pampevaaru, mariyu vaaru okati ledhaa rendu raatrulu matrame ladge ledhaa satramlo untaaru. vaari modati manager james doubleu. hayle, vaarini "siamese yuvakulu" gaa parichayam chesaaru, eee paerunu vaaru "abbayila" kante ishtapadataaru. saadhaarana pravesha dhara 25 sentlu, mariyu sodarulanu choopinche karapatraalu mariyu draayinglu kooda saadhaaranamgaa ammakaniki undevi. prarambha pradarsanalalo, kavalalu saareeraka vijayalu pradarsinchaaru, parugettadam mariyu somersaults chesaaru. vaari anyadaesatvaaniki praadhaanyata ivvabadindi vaaru pigtails dharinchi, "oriental" dustulu dharinchi, tvaralo "siamese kavalalu" gaa piluvabaddaru. vaari pradarsanalalo appudappudu eetha kottadam, chekarlu adatam mariyu parlor tricks cheyadam vantivi undevi.
paryatanalo gharshanalu.
1831 vesavilo, masaachusetslooni linfieldlo oka tirogamananiki hayle kavalalanu teesukuvellaadu. vaeta aata aadutunnappudu, tama vaddaku vacchina dozenuku paiga sthaanika purushulu tamanu dooshistunnaarani, vaedhistunnaarani vaaru bhaavinchaaru, vaaru tama tupaki butt thoo elbridge jerrie anae vyaktini kottaru. gerry prateekaaram teerchukuni, oka kavala talapai bhaarii raayi visiri, raktam kaarchindi. tupaki khaliga unnappatikee kavalalu gerripai kaalpulu jaripaaru. aaa manushulu paaripoyaaru. marusati roeju, kavalalu tappu chesaarani aaropistuu vaarilo okaru abhiyogaalu moparu. oka pratyeka nyayasthaanam erpaatu cheyabadindi, saantini bhangaparichinanduku sodarulanu arrestu chesaaru, manchi pravartanaku bandham chellinchaaru.
saelam paadarasam" kavalalanu linfield sanghatana baadhitulugaa chithreekarinchindi; itara patraalu kooda dheenini anusarinchaayi. eee sanghatana jarigina rendu vaaraala taruvaata, kavalalu himsanu prerepinchaarani paerkontuu, gerry "prajalaku" anae sheershikato oka lekhanu prachurinchaadu. kavalalu tama praja pratishtanu dooshinchagala paristhithiloki vacchaarani haelku kopam vachindi. athanu 1831 septembarulo vaari manager padaviki rajinama chesi, athani sthaanamlo snehitudu charless haaris niyaminchabaddaadu. hayle harrisku counselling icchaadu; udaaharanaku, athanu jagrattagaa marketing cheyadam dwara virginia exhibition toxes chellinchakundaa undagaladuh athanu kavalala parytananu "show" anie kakunda "business" anie pilavaali. prajala drushtilo, vaarini modata united statesku teesukuvacchina abel savapetika, kavalalaku tandrigaa panicheyadam konasaaginchindi.
kavalalu tvaralo alabamalo pradarsana samayamlo maroka sangharshanhalo palgonnaru. haajaraina oka shastravaidyudu kavalalanu kalipe bandhanaanni nisitamgaa pareekshinchamani koraadu. rendu samvatsaraalaku paiga daggari tanikheelanu anumatinchananduna vaaru niraakarinchaaru. kopamtho lechi, doctor, "meerandaroo mosagallu mariyu paaketla samuuham" anie annaru, atithulu gadiloki vastuvulanu visirinappudu gandaragolam chelaregindi. kavalalu paaripoyaaru, taruvaata, bahusha vaaru saantini bhangaparichina modati vaaru kabatti, magistrate aadesinchina vidhamgaa manchi pravartana bandham chellinchaaru.
kavalalu mariyu savapetikala madhya sambandhaalu 1831 janavarilo abel bhaarya susanne savapetika vaari abhyardhanalanu tiraskarinchadam dwara kavalalanu kalatapettadamtho prarambhamayyayi. chang mariyu ingland appudu tama kesulanu vaadistuu lekhalu pampamani haarisnu adagadam praarambhinchaaru. oka sandarbhamlo, srimati. savapetika kavalalaku vaari gurraniki aaharam ivvadaaniki vaaraaniki adanamgaa $3 ivvadaaniki niraakarinchindi, idhi oka pakshi rekkalanu kattirinchadamto poliste kavalalu niraakarinchadam mariyu "ippudu meeru korukunte egaravacchu" anie cheppadam. haaris modata thana mariyu kavalala drukkoonaaniki madhya vyatyaasaanni konasaginchadu, conny chivariki vaari swaraanni upayoginchi vraasi, vaari paerlapai "chang ing" anie santakam cheyinchaadu.
abel savapetika 1831 chivaralo asiaku bayaluderi, 1832 janavari natiki americaku tirigi raavaalani yochinchindi. janavari gadichina taruvaata, kavalala sambandhaalu srimati. savapetika puurtigaa virigipoyindi, kavalalu abel savapetika eppudu tirigi vastundani kramam tappakunda adugutuu untaaru. abel okasari vaagdaanam chesinatlugaa, vaaru tama 21va puttinarojuna (1832 maeloe) savapetikala patla nibaddhata nundi vimukti pondaalani aasinchaaru. athanu eppatikee tirigi rakapothe, vaaru oppandaaniki, swechchaku madhya saasvatamgaa kunchinchukupotarani kooda vaaru aandolana chendaaru. vaaru kooda srimati anie aalochinchadam praarambhinchaaru. savapetikala nirvahana paddhatula gurinchi telusukunnanduna savapetika "mosapuritamainadi mariyu atyaasagaladi". udaaharanaku, srimati. vaaru anaarogyamtho unnappudu pradarsana ivvamani savapetika vaarini prothsahinchindi. oka paryatanalo, savapetikalu tama kosam puurti chaarjeelu chellinchaayi, conny kavalalanu nadipinchadaaniki book chesi, vaarini sevakulagaa jabita chesi, vaarini prasninchinappudu vaariki abaddham chepparu. mariyu kavalalu aaa vishayam telusukunnaru srimati. savapetika kavalalu ishtapade vaariki kakunda oka nirdishta parichaarakudiki matrame ekkuva vetanam chellinchadaaniki siddhamgaa undedi. vaaru kalisi srimatini nammadaniki vacchaaru. savapetika "nannu tappudova pattinchindi".
swatantra prayaanaalu.
abel savapetika, 1832 joolailo masachusetsku tirigi vachinappudu, chang mariyu ingland tappipoyinatlu kanugonnaru. savapetika thana pourulanu tirugubaatuku "uttejaparichindi" anie helpai aaropinchindi (hayle alaantidi cheyaledu), mariyu vembadinchina taruvaata athanu chivaraku newyorkloni baath loe sodarulanu velikitiisaadu. vaesyagaa, aataga, madyapaanam" chese kavalalanu taanu kalusukunnanani savapetika tanaku cheppindani, "vaari jeevitamlo vaaru edurkonna ghoramaina debba" anie chang inglaandku ichindani hayle taruvaata cheppadu. kavalala parityaagam gurinchi, savapetika thana bharyaku eee krindi vidhamgaa rasindi "memu chaalaa matladamu; vaaru naa nundi chaalaa swechchagaa unnatlu anipistundi."
kavalalu taamu sontamgaa vyaparamlo unnamani ventane prakatinchaledu, ledhaa vaaru tama praja vyaktitvaanni peddagaa marchukoledu. edemaina, vaarini ippudu pratyaekamgaa vaari rangasthala paeru-"siamese kavalalu"-anie pilicheevaaru, mariyu vaaru tama pradarsanalo konni bhaagaalanu marchukunnaru, udaaharanaku ekkuva american dustulu dharinchadam, prekshakulato inglish matladatam mariyu tamanu taamu ikapai "abbayilu" gaa kakunda purushulugaa pradarsinchukovadam vantivi. vaaru adhikaarika, parlor settinglo kuurchuni prekshakula prasnalaku samadhanam icchaaru mariyu vaari khaalii samayamlo vetade aatanu kooda icchaaru. okappudu tappanisarigaa vaari oppandabaddhamaina daasyam swechchagaa maarindi; vaaru tama charyaku naayakatvam vahinchaaru mariyu vaari swantha sibbandini niyaminchukunnaaru.
chang mariyu ingland paschima airopa antataa vaari sandarsanaa paryatanalo paris, antwerp, hage, amsterdam mariyu itara nagaralanu sandarsinchaledu. 1836loe, hayle vaari gurinchi "united siamese sodarulu chang-engku sambandhinchina konni vivaralu, vaari swantha aadesaala meraku prachurinchabaddaayi" anae sheershikato oka karapatraanni prachurinchaaru. kavalalanu unnata taragatigaa unchutuu, siam loe, chaineeyulu unnatavargaaniki chendinavaarani, itara vivaraalatoe paatu, adhyakshudu jackson pratinidhi kavalala tallini sandarsinchinatlu nivedinchindi.
sthirapadatam mariyu taruvaata samvatsaraalu (1839-1874).
traffle.
chang mariyu ingland yokka aann-und-off 1829-1839 paryatanaku chivari nepathyam juulai 3 mariyu 4,1839naa uttara karolinaloni jeffersonlo jarigindi. oka kutumba snehitudi prakaram, vaaru vaayuvya raashtramloni wilks kounteeki velladam valla vaaru "pandini vembadinchadamlo mariyu troutnu pattukovadamlo nimagnam kaavadaaniki" veelu kalpinchindi... tondaragaa vachhe janasamuuhaaniki dhooramgaa vaaru kanugonalanukunna vinodaanni aasvaadinchadaaniki."1839 octoberulo, vaaru parvata eshaanya wilks kounteelooni graameena traffle community sameepamlo $300,000 kuu konugolu chesaaru. eee praantam garjistunna nadhi sameepamlo chinna isuka kaaluva venta pravahistundi.
vaaru twaralone james kaalove mariyu robbert sii thoo sahaa elite wilks society sabhyulatho baga parichayam ayyaru. martin, iddaroo vaidyulu; abner carmichael, county sherief; mariyu james doubleu. gwin juuniyar., county yokka unnata nyayasthaanam clerk. vaari maajee manager charless haaris vaaritho paatu makaam marchadu, athanu traffle post master ayyadu. vaaru bhoomini konugolu chesina nelaloo, kavalalu (alaage airish-janminchina haaris) sahaja pourulugaa maararu. 1790 nundi samakhya chattam "swechchaayuta swethajaatheeyulaku" pourasatvaanni parimitam chesinappatiki, pourasatvam anedi saadhaaranamgaa sthaanika vaikharulache nirvahinchabadutunna vishayam.
1840loe chang mariyu eng yokka traffle bhoomipai oka illu nirminchabadindi. sodarulu wilks baanisala nundi aahara padaarthaalanu konugolu chesi, vaari poruguvaaritho podi vastuvulanu vyaparam chesevaaru. vaaru baanisalanu kooda konugolu chesi, aneka mandhi mahilalanu inti kaparuluga niyaminchukunnaaru; kavalala modati baanisaku "attha" grays gates anie paeru pettaru. paryatana dwara sampannulaina vaaru sogasaina inti alankaranala dwara tama sampadanu pradarsinchaaru; 1840la praarambhamlo, vaari aasti $1,000,000 vadda counteeloo moodava atyanta viluvainadigaa undedi. sthirapadina vaaru, manchini, traffle loe nivasinchadaaniki content kosam pradarsinchadam maaneyaalani yochincharu. salisburyki chendina wig party vaartaapatrika "carolina watchman" vaarini "nijamaina wiggs" anie pilicharu, mariyu "boston transcript" vaaru "prabhuvulugaa santoshamgaa unnaarani" nivedinchindi.
1840loe, "tennisi addam" looni kavalala profile kavalala vivaham chesukovalane uddeshaalanu spashtam chesindi. kavalala vaikalyampai abhyantaraalatone kakunda vaari jaathi kaaranamgaa kooda vaari vivahanni nirutsaahaparichi, aneka vaartaapatrikalu dheeni gurinchi kramam tappakunda joke chestu untaayi. ayinappatikee, 1843 april 13naa, baptist bodhakudu colby sparks, inglish mariyu saaraa yates madhya, mariyu chang mariyu adelide yates madhya vivahalanu nirvahinchevaaru. jaateeya (pradhanamgaa uttaraadi) vaartaapatrikalu saadhaaranamgaa vivahalanu khandinchinappatiki, pelliki mundu raatri saaraa mariyu adelide tallidandrula inti vidhvamsam tappa sthaanikamgaa chaalaa takkuva pratispandanalu vachayi. bankarlu vaaru jeevitamlo taruvaata paryatanaku tirigi vellinappudu vaari vivahalanu pramukhamgaa pradarsistaayi.
1840la chivari natiki, kavalalu anargalamgaa inglish matladataru, ootu vaesaaru mariyu aneka mandhi swetajaateeyulapai criminal abhiyogaalu daakhalu chesaaru. vaaru newyorklo kalusukuni mechukunna oka mahila gouravaartham vaaru aangla bhasha intiperu "bunker" nuu kooda sweekarinchaaru. sandarsakulu tama traffle intiki taralivacchinappudu, vaartaapatrika kavarejnu konasaaginchaaru, jaateeya pramukhuluga tama sthaanaanni sthaapinchukunnaaru; mariyu vaaru tamanu taamu americanlugaa bhaavinchaaru. bankarlu jaatipai americanla avagaahanalo oka pratyaekamaina sthaanaanni yerparachukunnayi-vaaru swetajaateeyulugaa pariganinchabaddaaru, conny aasti hakkulatho chaalaa sampannulaina dakshinaadi baanisalanu kaligi unna tellajati prajala yokka aneka adhikaaraalanu pondaaru.
mount air.
1845 marchi 1naa bankarlu sarri counteeloo oka sthalaanni konugolu chesaayi. vaaru oka intini nirminchaaru-modata kevalam paart time upayogam kosam-mount aireeki dakshinaana, stevert creak venta. kavalalu 1840la chivaralo mariyu 1850laloe sampadanu sampaadinchi, thotala yajamanuluga vilaasavantamgaa jeevinchaaru. 1850loe, vaaru uttara karolinalo $10,000 aastilo pettubadi pettaarani anchanaa veyabadindi. intalo, vaariki newyorklo oka vyapari unnadu, athanu digumati chesukovadaniki maroe $60,000 nirvahinchevaadu, mariyu vaaru vaddiitoe jeevinchaaru.
vaari kutumbaalu peddavigaa peragadamtho vaaru daadaapu oka dasaabdam paatu mount airy mariyu traffle madhya tama samayanni panchukunnaru; 1847 natiki adelide naluguru pillalaku janmanicchaaru; saaraa, mugguru. vaaru 1853 varaku traffle nivasanni nirvahistaaru; taruvaata vaari samayam mount airy chuttoo unna rendu gruhaala madhya matrame vibhajinchabadindi. taruvaata dasaabdaala paatu, kavalalu vaaru yea intini upayoginchaaro, oka samayamlo moodu rojulu pratyamnaayamgaa upayoginchevaaru; prastuta intini kaligi unna kavalalu thana sodarudu kattubadi, nissabdamgaa undagaa tanaku nachinadi cheyaalani enchukovachhu.
1850loe, vaari 18 mandhi baanisalalo padhi mandhi edu samvatsaraala kante takkuva vayassu unnavaaru, kondaru laabhaala kosam taruvaata vikrayinchabadevaaru, marikondaru polaallo pani cheyadaaniki perigevaaru. bunker thotalu godhumalu, vari, mokkajonna, votes mariyu bangaalaadumpalanu utpatti chesaayi, mariyu vaaru aavulu, gorrelu mariyu pandulanu penchaaru. aneka uttara kerolina polaalanu kaligi unna kutumbaala maadirigaa kakunda, bankarlu pogaakunu pandinchaledu, idhi vaari thotalu pradhanamgaa bunker kutumbam mariyu daani baanisalaku aaharam andinchadaaniki nirvahinchabadutunnaayani, vaanijya prayojanaala kosam kaadani suuchimchavachchu. baanisala patla bankarla pravartananu patrikalu mukhyamgaa kathinamgaa varninchaayi, ayinappatikee kavalalu krooratva aaropanalanu khandinchaaru mariyu vaari bharyalu baanisalanu paryaveekshinchaarani mariyu vaari vidya kosam dabbunu sekarinchaarani chepparu.
bankarlu saadhaaranamgaa eee praantamlooni kuleenulalo bhaagamgaa unnappatikee, vaari konni paddhatulu vaatini vaerugaa unchaayi. vaaru appudappudu saareeraka sramanu cheyadam kanipinchindi; kalapanu kattirinche vaari paddhati mukhyamgaa prabhaavavantamgaa undedih vaaru marinta balam kosam naalugu chetulato goddalini upayoginchevaaru ledhaa vaegamgaa malupulu tipputuu undevaaru. vaaru vinoda vaetanu konasaaginchaaru, vaaru chepalu pattadam, traagadam mariyu aneka kreedalanu praarambhinchaaru.
paryatanaki tirigi vellu.
pakshika padavee viramana bankarlaku saripoledu, mariyu vaaru aardhika kaaranaala valla parytananu tirigi praarambhinchadaaniki prayatninchaaruh vaaru tama appati eduguru pillalanu pooshinchadaaniki ekkuva dabbu sampaadinchaalsina avasaram undani chepparu. vaaru 1849loe aidu samvatsaraala kumartelu catherine mariyu josephinlatho kalisi newyork nagaraniki vellaaru, kaani nirvahana sarigaa lekapovadam valla aaa chinna paryatana aagipoyindi, mariyu vaaru uttara karolinaku tirigi vacchaaru. prakatanalu vaarini "sajeevamgaa unna siamese kavalalu chang-eng mariyu vaari pillalu" gaa abhivarninchaayi.
vaaru 1853loe oka samvatsaram paatu vijayavantamaina parytananu nirvahinchaaru, mallii iddaru pillalanu (christopher mariyu catherine) teesukuvacchaaru. tama (eee samayaniki, 11) pillala vidyaku maddatugaa dabbunu sekarinchadame tama prerana anie cheppi vaaru mallii parytananu samarthinchaaru. eee paryatanalo, kavalalu mariyu vaari pillalu saadhaaranamgaa kuurchuni, matladi, prekshakulato kalisipotaru kabatti, veekshanhalu katala laaga undevi mariyu vistrutamgaa undevi kaavu. chang mariyu inglish american suutlu dharinchi, vaari vivahalu mariyu kutumbaala gurinchi aanglamlo matladataru, mariyu vaaru tama telivi mariyu raajakeeya gnaanaanni kooda pradarsinchaaru. jeevitacharitrakaarudu joseph andrew orsar prakaram, vaaru vidyaavantulu mariyu maryadapurvakamga kanipinchaaru, mariyu "yea vishishtamaina kutumbam prajalaku tananu taanu pradarsinchadu anae vaastavam tappa, pradarsanalo oka vishishtamaina dakshina kutumbamgaa kanipinchi undavacchu."
1860 aktobaru praarambhamlo vaaru prakhyaata shomyan pii. thoo santakam chesaaru. tii. oka nela paatu barnum mariyu newyork nagaramloni barnum yokka american museumlo pradarsinchabadindi. pinheadtho paatu, vaaru wales yuvarajutho sahaa aneka mandhi vishishta atithula kosam pradarsana icchaaru; 1868loe, vaaru british dheevulalo zip thoo kluptamgaa paryatinchaaru. prajaadarana pondina nammakaniki viruddhamgaa, barnum bankarla vruttini srushtinchaledu; vaastavaaniki, vaaru vinoda vyaparamlo pootiidaarulu mariyu kavalalu appatike vaari sonta paryatanala nundi prapancha prasiddhi chendaaru. sodarulu mariyu barnum okarinokaru ishtapadaledu, kavalalu barnum yokka sudeerghamaina, desavyaapta paryatana pratipaadananu tiraskarinchaaru.
vaaru november 12,1860naa newyork nagaranni vidichipetti, aaviri noukalu teesukoni, december 6naa shaan fraansiskoku cherukovadaniki railulo panama daati vacchaaru. aaa samayamlo california vaasulu iteevala vacchina chainees valasadaarulanu elaa edurkovalo telusukovadam madhyalo unnaaru, mariyu bankarla raaka (alaage ingland yokka iddaru kumaarulu, patrick mariyu montgomery) veluguloki vachindi. eppatilaage, chang mariyu inglaandlanu vaaru maatlaadina prekshakulache anukuulamgaa sweekarinchaaru, ayithe californialo vaari pradarsanala nivedikalu vaari jaathi mariyu jaateeyatapai vividha drukpathaalanu teesukunnaayi. vaartaapatrikalu vaarini "pasupu" anie pilichevi, conny "prapanchamlo chaalaa sabdam chesina, mariyu khachitamgaa chudadaginavi" "jeevinchi unna athi goppa utsukatalu" anie kooda pilichevi. vaaru fibravari 11,1861naa california nundi bayaludaeraaru, appatiki edu rashtraalu united states nundi vidipoyi, american antaryuddhaaniki daariteesaayi. dakshina karolinalo kaalpulu praarambhamaina taruvaata, conny mae 20naa uttara carolina vidipovadaaniki mundu, april natiki bankarlu tama mount air homelaku tirigi vachhe avakaasam undhi.
poura yuddha roopakam.
antaryuddham antataa, kavalala samyukta rashtram aneka roopakaalalo panichesindi. 1860 joolailo, "louisville journal" baanisatvaanni samakhya rakshanalo yea meraku unchaalane daanipai vibhajanaku gurai, paarteelo pratyarthi vargaalaku praatinidhyam vahinchadaaniki kavalalanu tayaaru cheyadam dwara prajaasvaamya paarteelo vibhajanalanu tippindi. bunker sodarulu wig paarteeki deerghakaala maddatudaarulu, ayithe, oka porugu vaaru "ippudu prajaasvaamyavaadulu kaaru mariyu ennadoo prajaasvaamyavaadulu kaaru [mariyu] vaaru prajaasvaamyavaadulu kaavaalani eppuduu aasincharani" "fayetville pariseelakudiki raasaaru. 1860 adhyaksha ennikalaloo kavalalu iddaroo vaayuvya uttara karolinalo prachuryam pondina abhyardhi ayina constitutional union paarteeki chendina tennesian zaan belku maddatu icchaarani, dheeni vedika baanisatvaaniki maddatu ivvadam mariyu union parirakshana rendintinee kaligi undani eee poruguvadu cheppadu.
marinta pramukhamgaa, aneka vaartaapatrikalu vibhajana samasyapai chang mariyu ingland okaritho okaru vibhedistunnarani, vibhaga himsa bhayalanu vyaktaparustunnaayani kalpitamgaa raasaaru. newyork tribune" oka rangurangula upamananni nadipindi, idhi kavalalu barnum yokka american museumlo unnappudu vaari madhya vivaadaaniki sambandhinchinadi anie perkondi. idhi, godavapade chang, vaatini anusandhaaninche snaayuvunu nalupu rangulo paint cheyaalani korukuntadani (baanisatvam yokka mukhya samasyanu suuchistumdi) conny aaa injin alaa cheyadani chebutundi. chang matladutu, inglandto thana "union" "raddu cheyabadaali", ayithe "daa. linkan "vibhajana shastrachikitsa" "rendu paarteelaku pramaadakaram" anie karanalunnayi.
orsar prakaram, "united brothers american unionku mariyu daani pourulaku icchina vaagdaanaaniki chihnaluga maararu."bankarla madhya sangharshana nivedikalalo kontha nijam undani orser jatachestaduh sodarulu tama aasti, bhoomi mariyu baanisalanu chattabaddhamgaa vibhajinchaaru, mariyu vaaru pratyeka veelunaamaalanu srushtinchaaru, vivaham nundi vaaru vibhajinchabadina jeevana vidhananni lanchanaprayamga chesaaru.
chivari samvatsaraalu.
1865loe antaryuddham mugise samayaniki, kavalala aardhika paristhiti debbatindi (vaaru panikiraani samakhya currencylo tirigi chellinchina dabbunu appuga icchaaru) mariyu vaari baanisalu vimukti pondaaru, kabatti vaaru parytananu tirigi praarambhinchaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru. eee samayamlo uttaraadi prekshakulu kavalalanu antagaa sweekarinchaledu-endukante vaaru samakhya baanisala yajamaanulu-kabatti paryatanala samayamlo vaaru tamanu taamu vruddhuluga, chaalaa mandhi pillalatho saanubhootito pradarsinchukunnaaru, vaaru ayishtamgaane tama raashtraaniki maddatu icchaaru mariyu prati okkariki yuddhamlo oka kumarudu gayapaddadu, okaru gayapaddadu mariyu okaru bandhinchabaddaadu (samakhya raashtraala sainyamlo panicheestunnaaru). kavalalu "tamalo taamu daadaapu oke rangu gala gananeeyamaina sankhyalo baanisalanu kolpoyaru" anie vaartaapatrikalu avamanakaramga vrasai mariyu kavalalu tama prekshakulanu sadviniyogam chesukuntunnarani perkonnaayi.
chang mariyu ingland, vaidyulanu chuusi, pradarsanalo matladutu, 1868-69 loe britanku vellaaru; vaari chivari sandarsana 30 samvatsaraala kritam jarigindi. intaku mundennadoo intiki dhooramgaa laeni chang kumarte naanii, mariyu ingland kumarte cate, iddaroo vaari 20 ellalo, uttara carolina nundi baltimore mariyu newyork varaku, taruvaata atlantic meedugaa liverpool varaku mariyu graameena skaatlaandloki, taruvaata manchesterku vellaaru.
1870loe, chang, ingland, iddaru kumaarulu germany, russia vellaaru; vaaru airopanu marinta anveshinchaalanukunnaaru, conny abhivruddhi chendutunna franco-russian yuddhanni nivaarinchadaaniki intiki tirigi vacchaaru. intiki tirigi vacchina oodaloo, chang yokka kudi vaipu (ingland vaipu) athanu stroke baarina padina taruvaata pakshavaataaniki gurayyadu, mariyu vaaru samarthavantamgaa padavee viramana chesaaru, endukante ingland changnu chusukunnadu. 1870loe bunker estate viluva mottam $30,000, idhi moodinta rendu vantula changku chendinadi.
kutumbam.
saaraa yates bunker december 1822naa david mariyu nancy yates yokka nalgava santaanam mariyu rendava kumaartegaa janminchindi. konnisaarlu "srimati" anie pilustaaru. aame saralamaina sodarigaa, niraksharaasyulaina, podupugaa jeevinchi, samarthudaina vantamanishigaa bhaavinchabaddaaru. aamenu "marinta manoharamaina, sarasamainadi" gaa kooda abhivarninchaaru.
adelide yates bunker, ledhaa "srimati. chang, october 11,1823naa janminchindi. aame akka kante podavainadi mariyu sannaga, aame "vyaktigata soundaryamlo raaninchindi" mariyu marinta suddhi chesina ruchini kaligi undani cheppabadindi. chang mariyu ing iddaroo saraku anukuulamgaa unnaarani cheppabadindi; ayithe, oka samakaaleena vaartaapatrika prakaram, "praachya ruchi tappa maredainaa, [adelide] chaalaa andamgaa undhi, vaastavaaniki, andamaina mariyu sogasaina shyaamalini."
iddaru sodareemanulu tama bhartalanu daati jeevinchaaru; saaraa 1892 april 29naa 69 samvatsaraala vayasulo maraninchindi. adelide 1917 mae 21naa 93 samvatsaraala vayasulo maraninchaadu.
chang mariyu ingland yokka modati pillalu okarikokaru aaru rojula vyavadhilo janminchaaruh saaraa fibravari 10,1844naa catherine marcellusku janmanichindi; adelide, fibravari 16naa josephine virginiaku janmanichindi. oka bandhuvula samuuham enimidi rojula vyavadhilo janminchindih chang kumarudu christopher mariyu ingland kumarte julia. mottam meeda, chang mariyu adelidelaku padhi mandhi pillalu mariyu ingland mariyu saraku padakondu mandhi unnaaru; mottam pannendu mandhi kumartelu mariyu tommidi mandhi kumaarulu unnaaru; iddaru pillalu chevitivaaru, iddaru mugguru samvatsaraala vayassulopu kaalina gaayaalato maraninchaaru mariyu kavalaluga evaruu janminchaledu.
kavalalu appudappudu tama bhaaryalatho kalisi charchiki haajarayyevaaru. vaari pillalu kontakaalam adhikarikamga vidyaavantulu, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa vaaru anukuulamgaa kanipinchaaru; chang mariyu ing yokka profile pillalu "vaari tallidandrulaku mariyu vaaru nivasinche samaajaaniki oka ghanatanu suuchistunnaarani" perkondi.
chang mariyu ingland yokka 21 mandhi pillala vaarasulu sumaru 1,500 mandhi unnaaru. vistarinchina kutumbamlo ekkuva mandhi ippatikee paschima uttara karolinalo nivasistunnaaru, mariyu kutumbam 1980la nundi vaarshika samavesalanu nirvahistondi, saadhaaranamgaa juun chivari sanivaaram naadu. chang vaarasulalo manavadu caleb vii. air fores majer general ayina hanes, mariyu athani kumarudu wyaans hanes, puraavastu shaastravetta; manumaralu alex sink, florida maajee cheef financial officer mariyu 2010loe florida governor kosam prajaasvaamya naaminee; mariyu goppa manumaralu carolin shaa, swarakarta mariyu sangeeta graheetaku 2013 pulitzer bahumati. ingland vaarasulalo manavadu georg eff. ashbi, 1940laloe union pasiphik railroad adhyakshudu. bunker vamsaavaliloo 11 janta kavalalu unnaaru, evaruu kalavaledu; kavalala modati samuuham, ingland yokka munimanavallu, kooda chang mariyu ingland anie paeru pettaru.
vaidya paristhiti mariyu maranaalu.
puttukatho, chang mariyu ing anevi aarogyakaramaina gephopagus kavalalu, ivi sareerapu angamlo maamsam mariyu mrudulaasthi yokka anuvaina vruttaakaara byaand dwara anusandhaaninchabadi, sumaruga podavugaa, garishta chuttukolatato untaayi. vaari kaaleyaalu byaand dwara anusandhaninchabaddayi, mariyu snayuvu madhyalo matrame vaaru anubhootini panchukunnaru.
kavalalanu kalisina chaalaa mandhi vaidyulu aaa samayamlo vaidya saanketika parignaanam prakaram, idhi praanaantakamaina prakriyagaa unde vidhamgaa, vaeruchaeyadaaniki shastrachikitsaku vyatiraekamgaa sifaarsu chesaaru. eee roeju kavalalu sulabhamgaa vidipoyi undavacchani samakaaleena vaidya saahityam gattiga suuchistumdi. vaari savapareekshanu philadelphia jefferson vaidya kalaasaalaku chendina sarjan vilium pancost nirvahinchaaru.
ing thana jeevitaantam manchi aarogyaanni anubhavinchagaa, 1870loe athani stroke tarvaata chang yokka kudi vaipu chaalaa varaku pakshavaataaniki guraindi, chivariki athani kudi kaalu slinglo unchaalsina avasaram erpadindi. appati nundi, chang-ekkuvagaa madyapaanam chesevadu-aarogyam bagoledu. chang 1874 janavarilo branchitis baarina paddadu, kutumba vaidyudu athanu intlone undi vecchagaa undaalani sifaarasu chesaadu. janavari 15naa, bankarlu challani vaataavaranam gundaa ingland intiki prayaaninchaayi. marusati roeju natiki chang kontavaraku kolukunnatlu anipinchindi, conny raatri samayamlo soukaryavantamgaa oopiri peelchukolekapoyadu. chang vignapti meraku sodarulu oka kurcheepai, poyyi mundu nitaruga kuurchuni nidrinchaaru. ingland saareerakamgaa aarogyamgaa unnappatikee gatha vaaram teevramaina anaarogyamtho gadipinanduku alasipoyadu, kabatti athanu nidraloki gantala tarabadi vellina taruvaata vaari manchaaniki vellamani koraadu.
janavari 17 tellavaarujaamuna, ingland kumaarulalo okaru nidristunna kavalalanu pariseelinchaaru. "ankul chang chanipoyadu" anie baaludu inglandto cheppadu, athanu "appudu neenu veltunnaanu!" anie badulichaadu."kutumba vaidyudini ventane pampaaru, kaani athani sodarudu maraninchina rendu gantala taruvaata ing ventane maraninchaadu. 2012 varaku bankarlu charitralo yea ummadi kavalala jeevitakaalam (62 samvatsaraalu) kaligi unnaayi, appudu vaari rikaardunu roney mariyu doney gallion (1951-2020) adhigaminchaaru. ing thana sodarudiki shraddhagala maddatudaarugaa gurthunchukobaddadu, mukhyamgaa vaari chivari samvatsaraallo, chang teevramaina anaarogyamtho badhapadinappudu. vaari maranam taruvaata, vaari manchi snehitudu jesse franklin samadhulu gurthuchesukunnaru, "[aanglam] dayanu chang atyanta hridayapurvaka prasamsalatho andukunnadu, athani vaikhari [patrikalu] ataniki tappugaa aapaadinchina nirutsaahaka, anaarogya swabhaavaaniki chaalaa bhinnamgaa undedi."
shavapareeksha.
newyork herold" bankarla maranaala gurinchi modati paejee kathanaanni prachurinchindi, idhi shavapareeksha kosam prajala demandnu alaage kavalalanu adhyayanam chese avakaasam kosam vijayavantamgaa petition vesina vilium pancost drushtini aakarshinchindi. punchcoast mariyu itara vaidyulu kavalalanu tanikhi cheyadaaniki cheng mariyu eng vitantuvulaku dabbu icchaarani pukaarlu vachayi, ayithe vaidyulu eee viraalaanni "sains mariyu maanavatvam patla vidhi" gaa roopondinchadam dwara mrutadehaalanu vadulukovalani sodareemanulapai ottidi tecchaaru. challani vaataavaranam kaaranamgaa mrutadehaalanu rendu vaaraala paatu bhadraparichaaru, aapai oka express railu vaatini philadelphia vaidyula kalaasaalaku pampindi, akkada shavapareeksha jarigindi mariyu shavapareeksha jarugutunnappudu fibravari 18naa praathamika phalitaalanu samarpinchaaru.
kavalala tudi shavapareeksha nivedika prakaram, chang bahusha mastishka raktam gaddakattadam valla maraninchaadani, ing maranaaniki kaaranam aspashtamgaa migilipoyindi. pancost mariyu sahodyogi haarisan allen dheeniki kaaranam shacku kaaranamani-antey, ingland thana chanipoyina sodarudini chusina tarvaata "bhayamtho maraninchaadu"-ingland muutraasayam moothramtho vistarinchindi mariyu athani kudi vrushanamu venakki taggindi anae vaastavam aadhaaramgaa. savapareekshapai panichesina itarulu pratyaamnaaya siddhaantaalanu suuchimchaaru, mukhyamgaa athani prasarana vyavastha connecting byaand dwara raktaanni pump chesi, badulugaa athani chanipoyina sodarudi sareeramloki raktaanni andukoledu kabatti raktam kolpovadamtho maraninchaadani suuchimchaaru. "chivariki," anie 2012loe academic synthia vu raasaaru, "bhayam valla ingland maraninchindi anedi vaidya recordulo matrame kakunda prajaadarana pondina-saamskrutika kalpanalo kooda prabalamgaa undhi."
vaarasatvam.
bunker sodarulu "siamese kavalalu" anae padaanni roopondinchaaru, mariyu vaari keerti dheenini vyaavahaarika upayogamlo kalisina kavalalaku paryaayapadamgaa chesindi, bankarla jeevitakaalaaniki mundu unnavaarini kooda suuchistumdi; ayithe, aadhunika parisoedhakulu eee padaanni kalakramam mugisinatlugaa chuustaaru, "kalisina kavalalu" anie ishtapadataaru. siamese kavalala vanti" (ledhaa vaividhyaalu) anae padabandham october 1829 lone itara kalisina jantalanu vivarinchadaaniki upayoginchabadindi, conny dasabdaluga swatantra "siamese kavalala" upayogam vistrutamgaa maarindi. chang mariyu ing lanu tarachugaa "asalu siamese kavalalu" gaa suuchistaaru.
bankarla mrutadehaalanu khananam kosam uttara karolinaku tirigi ivvadaaniki mundu (1917loe vaatini mount airy velupala tellani mydaanaala baptist charchilooni smasaanavaatikaku taralinchaaru), vaidyulu anusandhaana kanajaalam yokka chaayaachitraalanu teesaaru mariyu kavalala plaastar cast cheyadaaniki shilpi zaan kasanini niyaminchaaru. bankarla fused livarlu dravam loe bhadraparachabadi, philadelphia yokka mattar museumlo shaashwata pradarsanagaa deth castto paatu spashtamaina koojaalo pradarsinchabadataayi. aandii griffith museum yokka neelamaaliga gadilo kavalalapai oka pradarsana undhi. circus varald museumlo kavalala jeevita parimaana bommalu unnaayi. chappel hill vadda unna uttara carolina vishwavidyaalayam yokka dakshina chaaritraka sekarana bankarla vyaktigata patraalanu unchutundi.
kalpanalo.
aneka anamaka prachara karapatraalu bankarlanu kalaakrutulu mariyu saahityamlo varnistuu mudrinchabaddaayi, veetilo "siamese kavalalu" paie prarambha kalpita kathalu unnaayi; kavalalu taruvaati rachanalalo marinta roopakamgaa upayoginchabaddaaru. edward bulwar-litton yokka vyangya padyam "dhi siamese twins" vaaru britainlo paryatinchinappudu prachurinchabadindi. dhi confidences-myaan" mariyu "billie budd" anae thana navalalo vaatini prastaavistuu, herman melville "mobi-dick" looni bankarlanu kooda suuchimchaadu. 1874loe soshalistu vyatiraeka raajakeeya cartoonist thamus naast "american kavalalu" nuu geesaaru, dheenilo oka karmikudu ("laber") oka vyaapaaravaetta ("capital") pakkana oka apron dharinchi, dabbunu sanchitho chaatii vadda "real union" anie label cheyabadina bandto jatachestaadu. united states rendava prapancha yuddhamloki pravesinchadaaniki mundu, daa. suice thana 1941 cartoon "dhi grate yuu" loe "siamese gaddam" nuu upayoginchaadu.ess. naajii germanyki america modati chokka unna vyaktini jatacheyadaaniki side show.
maark twine aneka vidhaluga ummadi kavalalanu prastaavinchaaru, udaaharanaku noothana samvatsara vedukalo vedikapai maroka vyaktitoe atanni anusandhaaninche gulabi rangu saash dharinchadam; "siamese kavalala vyaktigata alavaatlu" (1869) loe, thana 1875 sekarana "sketchlu nyuu und old" loe "siamese kavalalu" gaa tirigi prachurinchabadindi, twine bankarla jeevitaala gurinchi, nijamaina mariyu vintaina vruttaamtaalatoe sahaa, andistundi. eee vyangya rachana, twine yokka vilakshanhamaina deadpon haasyam, itara vishayaalatoe paatu, kavalala vibhina vaikharulu mariyu adhe mahila patla vaari srungaara anveshana gurinchi jokulu.
ekachay yukrontham darsakatvam vahinchina sangeeta "chang & ing" loe open mindedness mariyu paraspara aadharapadatam anae itivruttaalu unnaayi, idhi 1997loe singapurlo praarambhamaindi. darrin strass yokka toli navala "chang & ing" (2000), konni chaaritraka sandarbhaala aadhaaramgaa bunker sodarula jeevitaala kalpita kathanam. maark slouka yokka modati navala ayina "gods phool" (2002) loe chang kathakudu, mariyu bhavishyat sanghatanala praamukhyatanu ataniki teliyajese oka venukachuupu undhi. hormany corin darsakatvam vahinchina 2009 chitram "trash humpers" loe ingland mariyu chang kathanu saak tholubommala dwara tirigi cheppabadindi. naataka rachayita phillip cohn gotanda raasina "ii dream off chang und ing" natakam, nijayiti nundi kontavaraku vaerugaa unna kavalala jeevitaala "puna ima roopakalpana", 2011 loe yusi berkley work shop chesi pradarsinchabadindi. chang mariyu inglish (daniel sunn mariyu yusaku komori pooshinchina) barnum & bailey circus prarambha samvatsaraala gurinchi sangeeta jeevita charitra "dhi gratest shoman" (2017) loe pradarsinchabaddaayi.
1988loe david cronenberg darsakatvam vahinchina "ded ringers" chitramlo, okelanti kavala sodarulu (iddaroo jeremi irons pooshinchinavaaru) siami kavalalu chang mariyu inglandto parichayam avutaaru, mariyu vaari vichaarakaramaina maranam katha prerepinchabadutundi.

