
raatri vaidyulu

raatri vaidyulu (raatri raidarlu, raatri mantragattelu, kuu clucks vaidyulu mariyu vidyaarthi vaidyulu anie kooda pilustaaru) african american jaanapada kathalaku chendina bogimen, kontha vaastava praatipadikatoe. samaadhula nundi sariiraanni lakkovadam mariyu vaidya prayogaalu amalu cheyadam african american jaanapada kathala abhivruddhiki daariteesindi, ivi mrutadehaalanu apaharinchi, champesi, vidadeese vaidyula gurinchi chebutaayi. eee "raatri vaidyulu" yokka lakshyam baanisalu, vimukti pondinavaaru mariyu nallajati kaarmikulu uttara united statesku vellakundaa nirodhinchadam.
raatri vaidyulu anae padaanni tarachugaa vistrutamgaa upayogistaaru, vaari vaidya parignaanaanni marinta penchadaaniki african american savaalanu dongilinche, konugolu chese ledhaa practies chesevaarini suuchistumdi. eee samayamlo, dakshinaana vaidya paatasaalallo mrutadehaala korata kaaranamgaa prajalu mrutadehaalanu dongilinchadaaniki raatri vaari samaadhulanu tavvadaaniki daariteesindi, mariyu baanisa yajamaanulu kontha adanapu dabbu sampaadinchadaaniki tama maraninchinavaarini vikrayinchaaru. samadhi dopidi ledhaa vaari samaadhula rakshananu nirodhinchadaaniki ledhaa nidhulu samakuurchadaaniki vaariki etuvanti margalu laeni paedha samajalalo samadhi dopidi tarachugaa jarigindi. eee attadugu vargaalanu vetade raatri vaidyulu tarachugaa sampannulu, samajalalo marinta saktivantamaina prajalu nirlakshyam cheyabaddaaru, mariyu 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo african americanla paaripovadaaniki daariteesindi, ippudu dheenini goppa valasalu anie pilustaaru.
african american communityki vaidya vrutti mariyu vaidyulu patla unna apanamakam tuskeggy syphilis adhyayanaaniki mundhe undhi, ikkada vaidyulu chikitsa cheyani syphilis kosam prayogaatmaka praatipadikagaa vaatini upayoginchadaaniki african americanla nundi vyaadhi chikitsanu anaitikamgaa nilipivesaaru. raatri vaidyulu ravadam praarambhinchinappudu, dakshina nallajaateeyula mrutadehaalu vaidya kalasalallo vichchaedana mariyu shavapareeksha adhyayanalaku viluvaina vanarugaa undevi. american sivil waar taruvaata kooda vaidyulu vichchaedana kosam african american mrutadehaalanu dongilistune undadamtho raatri vaidyulu kaliginchina bhayanaka paristhitulu konasagayi. african americanlaku vyatiraekamgaa anaitika paddhatulu vaidya samaajamlo bhayam mariyu apanammakaaniki daariteesaayi.
sareeram lakkovadam.
18va sataabdam chivaralo mariyu 19va sataabdam praarambhamlo samyukta rashtraalalo, vaidya paatasaalallo chetulato vichhedanam prachuryam pondinappudu mrutadehaala kosam demand sarafaraanu minchipoyindi. saadhaarana shareera nirmaana shaastram mariyu angachhedam vanti praathamika paddhatulanu vivarinchadamlo maanava sareeraala praamukhyata puraatana kaalam nundi unikilo undhi. ayithe, 19va sataabdamloo maanava sariiraalanu vidadeeyadam yokka sweekaaryata peragadam valla eee avasaram teevramaindi. mrutadehaala avasaranni samadhi-dopidi mariyu baanisa sariiraalanu upayoginchadam dwara teerchaaru. samadhi dongalanu nirodhinchadaaniki prabhutvam vividha pratighatana charyalanu chepattindi. ayithe, eee charyalaku samayam mariyu dabbu pattindi. anduvalla, african american samsthalu chattabaddhamgaa, aardhikamgaa mariyu samajikamga venukabadinavi kabatti dochukovalasinavi chaalaa saadhaaranamainavi. anduvalla, african americanlu, valasadaarulu mariyu paedalu tarachugaa samadhi dongalanu lakshyamgaa chesukunnaru. tellani mrutadehaala vichhedanam vaidyulaku chaalaa ekkuva pramaadaalanu kaligistundi kabatti samadhi dongalu tellani american mrutadehaalanu dongilinchadaanni nivaarinchaaru. african americanla mrutadehaalanu baanisa yajamaanulu vaari maranam taruvaata vichhedanam kosam tarachugaa chetlaku vikrayinchevaaru. paedha prajalu, african americanlu mariyu nirupeda vyaktula mrutadehaalanu tella unnatavargaala vaidya sikshananu meruguparachadaaniki upayoginchaarani soochinche adhika mottamlo aadharalu unnaayi. samadhi dongalu mariyu vaari neeraalanu tellajati americanlu tarachugaa nirlakshyam chesevaaru, endukante samadhi dopidi vaaripai pratyaksha prabhavam chuupaleedu. mrutadehaalanu konugolu chesi dongilinchina raatri vaidyula kathalu african american charitra mariyu sampradayalalo bhagamayyayi.
viplava anantara kaalamlo sariiraanni lakkovadam perigindi, endukante vaidya vidyaarthulu kevalam professorlu gamaninchadam kante vichhedanam cheyadam praarambhinchaaru. 19va sataabdam praarambhamlo, chaalaa rashtraalu ghoramaina dopideeki vyatiraekamgaa chattalu roopondinchaayi. samadhi dopidi adhikarikamga nishedhinchabadinappatiki, samadhi dopidi neeramgaa kakunda dushpravartanagaa pariganhinchabadutunnanduna jarimana saapekshamgaa teelikagaa undedi. ghora dopideeki siksha anedi saadhyamayye jarimana mariyu swalpa kaala jailu siksha. eee anumatula vaikhari kaaranamgaa, iteevala vellipoyina vaari bandhuvulu tama priyamaina vaari samaadhulanu chuudataaniki tamanu taamu teesukovalasi vachindi. dheeni taruvaata, konni rashtraallo dheenini nishedhinche chattalu unnappatikee, teevramaina dopidi chaalaa tarachugaa jarigindi. 1765 mariyu 1852 madhya jarigina aneka allarlu, veetilo atyanta prasiddhamainadi 1788 naati newyork vaidyula allarlu. 1788 naati newyork vaidyula allarlalo, iteevala vellipoyina vaari samaadhula nundi mrutadehaalanu anadhikarikamga swaadheenam chesukovadam paedha prajalalo teevramaina kopam mariyu asantruptini rekettinchindi, mukhyamgaa vaidyulu mariyu vaidya shikshanaarthulanu lakshyamgaa chesukuni. 1789 janavarilo, allarla tarvaata oka samvatsaram, mrutadehaalaku tagina chikitsanu niyantrinche oka chattam vijayavantamgaa aamodinchabadindi, chattanni dhikkarinchina evarikainaa bhaarii jarimaanaalu vidhinchabaddaayi. 1832 naati warberton anatomy chattam, idhi saastravettalaku hakku laeni avasheshaalanu appaginchindi mariyu chivariki britainlo ghoramaina dopideeni muginchindi, united stateslo samadhi dopideeni tagginche chattanni roopondinchadamlo keelaka paatra pooshinchindi. masachusets 1831 naati shareera nirmaana shaastra chattam, takkuva kathinamaina padaalu unnappatikee, okela aamodinchindi, idhi vichhedanam mariyu shareera nirmaana adhyayanala kosam mrutadehaala vadakanni chattabaddham chesindi. chaalaa rashtraalu tvaralo ilanti chattanni aamodinchaayi, mariyu sataabdam prarambham natiki, mrutadehaalu daadaapu puurtigaa claim cheyani avasheshaala nundi pondabaddaayi.
african americanlu, valasadaarulu mariyu paedha prajala mrutadehaalanu upayoginchina vaidya kalaasaalaku udaaharana georgia vaidya kalaasaala. 1989loe georgia vaidya kalasalalo jaripina tavvakaallo 9,000 kante ekkuva emukalu labhinchaayi. etuvanti recordulu laevu, avasheshaalu aevee gurtinchabadaledu, conny avi pradhanamgaa sraamika-taragati vyaktula nundi vachayani mariyu vaarilo sumaru 80 saatam mandhi african americanlu anie cheppadaniki idhi taapajanaka kathaku saripotundi. mrutadehaalalo ekkuva bhaagam undatame kakunda, aneka bodhanaa aasupatrulu african american rogulapai kotta pratyaksha shastrachikitsa paddhatulu mariyu pradarsanalanu matrame nirvahistaayi. african american samsthalalo ekkuva bhaganni niyaminchadam valla kalige parinaamaalu vaidya vyavasthalo african american prajala amaanaveekaranaku daariteesaayi, african american prajalu mariyu vaidya nipunula madhya vishwaasam lekapovadam mariyu african american prajalalo vaidya prayojanaala kosam tama sariiraalanu daanam cheyadaaniki ayishtata. shavapareeksha mariyu vaidya adhyayanala kosam african american sariiraalanu mitimeerina upayogam teliyakundaane nallajaateeyulanu vaidya prayoga samagri kante ekkuva aemee kaadani abhipraayapadindi. african american baadeelanu prayogaatmaka vishayalugaa upayoginchadam united stateslo sudeergha charitranu kaligi undhi, henrietta upayogam nundi tuskeggy syphilis adhyayanaaniki aame saraina sammati lekunda parisoedhana prayojanaala kosam cancer kanaalu laevu. eee rendu sandarbhaalloonuu, rogulu vaidya prajectulaku mariyu vaatipai jarugutunna parisoedhanalaku sammati ivvaledu. vaariki samacharam ivvabadaledu mariyu vaaru spashtamgaa tappudova pattinchabaddaaru. varna prajalaku vaidya anyayam ippatikee undhi, desavyaaptamgaa vaidya vyavasthapai apanamakam migilipoyindi.
suudi purushulu mariyu nalla seesa purushulu.
nyuu orleenslo, chaaritii hospital (ippudu nyuu orleensloni louisiana vaidya kendram) oka bodhanaa aasupatri, idhi vaari vidyaarthulaku mrutadehaalu avasaramayyedi, anduke vaaru "suudi purushulu" anie piluvabade raatri vaidyula vaividhyaanni kaligi unnaaru."eee aasupatri aneka vibhina jaatyahankaara sanghatanalaku prasiddhi chendindi. 1926loe, oka gurthu nallajaateeyulanu mundu talupu dwara pravesinchadaanni nishedhinchindi mariyu eee vyaktulanu venuka talupunu upayoginchamani balavantam chesindi. adhe paerutoe unna suudi purushulu sandehinchani vyaktulanu chetilo kottaru, phalitamgaa maranam sambhavistundi. muurcha vanti eee maranaalaku aneka itara vivaranalu suuchimchabaddaayi. 1924loe, oka vyakti mahilalanu bionetto podiche kesu undhi, dheeni phalitamgaa vaari maranaalu sambhavinchaayi. chivariki, suudullooni padaartham prajalu chanipovadaniki kaaranamaindi. louisiana jaanapada kathala sekarana nundi teesukunna coat nundi, aaa samayamlo emi jarugutundo prajalaku telusunani mariyu suudi purushulaku baadhitulavutaarani bhayapaddarani spashtamgaa telustundi.swachchanda aasupatrilo "block bottle menn" anie piluvabade vidyaarthulu kooda unnaaru."nalla seesa swachchanda aasupatri pravesha dwaaram meeda ivvabade visham avutundi, mariyu nalla seesa taagina ventane roogi maranistaadu.
nalla seesaanu magnitia paalatho kalipina cascara (ramnus persiana) anie pilustaaru, eee bhedimandu saadhaaranamgaa aaa yugamlo cherina rogulaku ivvabadutundi. telikapati bhedimandu elaa champagalado aspashtamgaa undhi, conny eee mrutadehaalanu vaidya vidyaarthulu vichhedanam kosam mrutadehaalugaa upayoginchaarani puraanam konasagutondi.
swachchanda samsthaku "suudi purushulu" ledhaa "nalla seesa purushulu" anae ekaika baadhyata ledhu."zaan hopkins hospital (zaan hopkins vishwavidyaalayam yokka bodhanaa aasupatri) maroka muulam anie nammutaaru. 1898 nundi 1904 varaku, zaan hopkins vishwavidyaalayam upayoginchina mrutadehaalu african american, idhi aaa samayamlo chuttupakkala janaabhaaku chaalaa asamanamga undhi. eee "suudi purushulu" ledhaa "nalla seesa purushulu" gurinchi vyaktigata kathalu nallajati samajampai vaari prabhavanni chuuputaayi. dhi immortal life off henrietta pustakamloni oka mahila ilaa perkondi, "neenu ammayiga unnappudu thoorpu baltimorelo entha mandhi adrushyamayyaaranedi meeku aascharyamgaa untundi. neenu meeku cheptunnaanu, vaaru henrietta pondinappudu neenu ikkada yaabhailalo nivasinchaanu, mariyu maaku hopkins daggara ekkadainaa velladaaniki anumati ledhu. cheekati padinapudu, memu chinnavallainappudu, memu metlapai undaali, ledhaa hopkins mammalni pattukovachhu."
suudi purushulu mariyu nalla seesa purushulu ika chuttoo laenappatikee, vaaru aasupatrula chuttoo unna nallajati samajalapai shaashwata prabhavanni chuupaaru. vaidya nipunula patla bhayam mariyu apanamakam yokka bhavalu ippatikee unnaayi, ivi okari aarogyaaniki hanikaram kaavacchu.
aadhunika parinaamaalu.
african americanlu united states kuu vachinappati nundi, vaaru attaduguna unnaaru mariyu vividha margallo pareeksha vishayalugaa undavalasi vachindi. chaalaa mandhi swethajaatheeyulu maranam taruvaata kooda tama sariiraalapai tamaku hakku undani nammutaaru. chaalaa mandhi baanisalaku, maranam anedi vaari sareeram vishraanti teesukune oka saari anie bhaavinchabadindi mariyu vaaru ika badhapadaru. appatike vishraanti teesukodaniki unchina mrutadehaalanu raatri vaidyulu travvadamtho, african american samaajamlo goppa bhayam vyaapinchindi. america charitralo african americanlapy chesina adhyayanalu tarachugaa etuvanti sammati lekunda jarigaayi. nedu, idhi goppa paatra poeshistumdi endukante idhi african americanlanu gatamlo vaariki anyayam chesina vaidya vyavasthapai apanamakam mariyu jagrattagaa vadilivesindi. idhi nallajaateeyulu mariyu swethajaatheeyula madhya jaathi vibajananu atisayokti chesindi. netikee, tellajati prajalu mariyu african americanla madhya porugu praantaalu tarachugaa vaeru cheyabadataayi, idhi vaidya samrakshanaku vaari praapyatalo kooda vibhajanaku daariteestundi. nalla mrutadehaalapai adhyayanala nundi sekarinchina samacharam samacharanni pondadaaniki anaitikamgaa upayoginchina attadugu vargaala kante dhanika, tellajati samaajaala vanti aarogya samrakshananu sulabhamgaa pondagalige prajalaku prayojanam chekuurustumdi. aarogya samrakshana, vidya, beema mariyu vanarulaku takkuva praapyathatho african american communitylu takkuva nidhulatho untaayi. african americanlu kooda vaari ishtaniki vyatiraekamgaa vaariki emi cheyavachane bhayamtho vaidya samrakshananu pondhe avakaasam takkuva. african americanlaku noppi mandulanu niraakarinchina sandarbhaalu unnaayi, endukante vaaru vaidya nipunulalo takkuva teevramgaa pariganinchabadataaru kabatti takkuva noppi ledhaa nakilee mandulu vaadutunnaarani bhaavistaaru. raatri vaidyulu vaidya samrakshana kosam nallajati samajalapai aneka aadhunika parinaamaalanu vadilipettaaru.

