
kenada sarvonnata nyayasthaanam yokka charitra

kenada yokka sarvonnata nyayasthaanam 1875loe sthaapinchabadindi mariyu 1949 nundi kenadaalo appeal yokka tudi nyaayasthaanamgaa panichesindi. daani charitranu moodu saadhaarana yugaluga vibhajinchavachhu. 1875loe praarambhamainappati nundi 1949 varaku, eee nyayasthaanam britanloni prevy council yokka nyaya kamiteeki appeal cheyadaaniki lobadi madhyantara appellate nyaayasthaanamgaa panichesindi. 1949 taruvaata, kenadaalo chivari aasrayamgaa nyayasthaanam praamukhyata mariyu chattabaddhatanu pondindi, kenadian nyaayavyavasthaku ekkuva paatranu sthaapinchindi. 1982loe, kenadian hakkulu mariyu swechhala saasanapatram pravesapettadam kenadian samaajamlo nyayasthaanam paatranu gananeeyamgaa maarchindi, paarlamentupai paryaveekshanhaku kortuku ekkuva adhikaaraalanu andinchadam dwara mariyu aadima hakkulu mariyu samanatva hakkulatho sahaa poura hakkulanu adhikarikamga gurtinchadam dwara.
muulaalu.
samakhya.
1867 kii mundu kenada dominian erpaatuku daariteesina samakhya samavesala samayamlo, kenadian chattaparamaina sopanakramamlo agrasthaanamlo kuurchoevadaaniki, mukhyamgaa praavinsulu mariyu paarlamentu madhya vivaadaalanu parishkarinchadaaniki jaateeya appeal nyayasthaanam erpaatu cheyabadutundani bhaavinchaaru. ayithe, samakhya charchala samayamlo nyayasthaanam yokka amsam peddagaa aasaktini kaliginchaledu.
saadhaarana appeal nyayasthaanam erpaatupai konni aandolanalu undevi. kenada paschimamlooni (idhi antario provinsga maarindi) ekkuvagaa anglophone janabha british prevy council nirantara paryaveekshanhanu korukundi; kenada thoorpu (idhi cubec provinsga maarindi) looni ekkuvagaa francophone janabha londonku prayaanaaniki sambandhinchina appeella labhyata gurinchi, alaage supreme court cubec poura chattam mariyu cubec jaateeyavaadampai marinta saadhaaranamgaa choope prabhavam gurinchi aandolana chendaaru.
confederation charchala samayamlo kortu patla sandigdha vaikharini zaan eah pradarsinchaaru. supreme kortutho sahaa balamaina samakhya samsthalaku pratipaadakudu ayina mcdonald (appudu kenada west attarney general mariyu kenada yokka modati pradhana mantri avutaaru), ayana ilaa annaru
atuvanti nyaayasthaanaanni sthaapinchaalani rajyangam perkonaledu. atuvanti nyaayasthaanaanni sthaapinchadaaniki anukuulamgaa mariyu vyatiraekamgaa aneka vaadanalu unnaayi. conny, puurti pariseelana tarvaata, anni praavinsulalooni anni unnata nyaayasthaanaala nundi saadhaarana appeal kortunu erpaatu cheyadam manchidani vaaru bhaavisthe, vaaru alaa cheyavachani, saadhaarana saasanasabhaku rajyangamlo oka adhikaranni unchadam telivainadigaa mariyu sameecheenamgaa bhaavinchabadindi.
british north america act, 1867" nuu khararu chesinappudu, idhi paarlamentuku saadhaarana appeal kortunu srushtinchadaaniki atyavasara ("cheyavalenu") kante anumatinche adhikaranni ("cheyagalanu") andinchindihi
101. kenada paarlamentu, eee chattamlo emainappatiki, kenada kosam saadhaarana appeal nyaayasthaanaanni erpaatu cheyadaaniki, nirvahinchadaaniki mariyu erpaatu cheyadaaniki mariyu kenada chattaala merugaina paripalana kosam edainaa adanapu nyaayasthaanaala sthaapanaku eppatikappudu erpaatu cheyavachu.
1867loe samakhya taruvaata, kotta deshaaniki tudi appeal kortunu roopondinchadaaniki udyamam perigindi. edemaina, vividha raajakeeya vargaala madhya parishkarinchani udriktatala kaaranamgaa supreme kortu chivaraku sthaapinchadaaniki enimidi samvatsaraalu pattindi. mcdonald, telesphore fornier, alegzander mckenzie mariyu edward blakelatho kalisi supreme court erpaatuku maddatu icchaaru. 1868loe, mcdonald henry strangku supreme kortunu sthaapinchadaaniki oka billunu roopondinche panini appaginchaaru, 1869loe chattam yokka modati musaayidaanu paarlamentuku samarpinchaaru. eee billu "prabhutvam chattamgaa maaraalani aasinchina tudi charya kante salaha mariyu pariseelana prayojanam kosam" anie mcdonald uddesinchinatlu telustondi."
edemaina, aangla sampradaayaaniki gattiga vidheyata chuupina vaaru dheenini vyatiraekimchaaru mariyu 1869 billu mariyu 1870 savarinchina billu rendintinee paarlamentu nundi upasamharinchukogaligaaru. adanamgaa, prevy council teerpulu ellappuduu vaari matha samskrutiki sunnitamgaa undavani guiboard kesu vaariki choopinche varaku cubec nundi pratighatana undhi. ayithe, mcdonald prabhutvam itara vishayaalalo nimagnamai, 1873loe supreenkortu erpaatulo marinta vijayam saadhinchakundaane padipoyindi.
makenji prabhutvam dwara nyaayasthaanaanni sthaapinchadam.
1874 samakhya ennikala samayamlo, alegzander mackenzie netrutvamloni udaaravaadulu tama prachara vedikalo bhaagamgaa central court off appeal erpaatunu jabita chesaaru. chivariki makenji prabhutvam adhikaranni chepattinappudu, 1874 simhaasana prasangamlo eee samasya mallee prastaavinchabadindi. 1875 fibravarilo nyaya mantri telesphore fornier paarlamentulo kotta supreenkortu billunu pravesapettaaru. 1875 april 8naa, dwaipaakshika maddatutoe "supreme und trekker court act" aamodinchabadindi, idhi ekakaalamlo supreenkortu mariyu trejekar kortu rendintinee sthaapinchindi.
kortu yokka prarambha kuurpu.
praarambhamlo, supreenkortulo aruguru nyaayamuurtulu undaali. adanamgaa, aruguru nyaayamuurtulaloo prati okkaroo kottagaa srushtinchabadina prabhutva khazanaku nyaayamuurtulugaa kooda vyaktigatamgaa kuurchunnaaru. 1887loe rendu nyaayasthaanaala nyaayamuurtulu saasana savarana dwara vaeru cheyabade varaku eee erpaatu maaraledu. nyayasthaanam yokka prarambha sabhyula empika prajalaku chattabaddhatanu sthaapinchaalanae mariyu kenada antataa praantiiya praatinidhyaanni saadhinchaalane korikanu pratibimbistumdi. supreme court act, 1875" kooda provins niyaminchina pratyaekamaina poura nyaya vyavasthaku gurtimpugaa aaru sthaanaalalo rendintini cubeccu ketaayinchindi. cubeccu ketayinchani seetlalo, mckenzie antario nundi iddaru nyaayamuurtulanu mariyu central kenada velupala nundi iddarini niyamistaaru.
samakhyalo antario yokka perugutunna praamukhyatanu gurtinchadaaniki mariyu kottagaa erpadina nyaayasthaanamlo cubec vale adhe sankhyalo seetlanu aamodinchadaaniki bharti cheyadaaniki, pradhana nyayamurthiga oka ontarian nuu niyaminchamani ottidi vachindi. eee padavini modata antario yokka prakhyaata nyaayavaadi mariyu udaaravaada raajakeeyavetta edward blake andinchaaru. ayithe, ayana eee pratipaadananu tiraskarinchi, badulugaa nyaya mantrigaa prabhutvamlo oka padavini angeekarinchaaru. antario pradhana nyaayamuurti, gatamlo kenada west attarney general ayina vilium buel richards chivariki pradhana nyayamurthiga niyaminchabaddaaru. 1869 pratipaadananu roopondinchadamlo sahayapadina mariyu antario supreenkortulo nyayamurthiga unna shamyul henry strang, antario kosam maroka sthaanaanni bharti chesaaru. supreme und trejekar court act, 1875" nuu pravesapettina nyaya mantri telesphore fornier mariyu queens bench yokka quebeck kortu nyaayamuurti zeane-thamus taschero eee sthaanaalanu bharti chesaaru. migilina rendu sthaanaalu nyuu brunswick pradhana nyaayamuurti vilium johnston richeeki, mariyu maajee nova skotia mla vilium alegzander henrieki vachayi, veeru samakhya pitaamahudigaa thana paatra kosam thana sthaanaanni kolpoyaru. nyaayasthaanamlooni modati aruguru sabhyula sagatu vayassu yaabhai-edu samvatsaraalu, idhi vaastavaaniki nyaayasthaana charitralo athi pinna vayaskudaina bencheelalo okati.
eee niyamakalapai prajala pratispandana mishramamgaa undhi, mukhyamgaa montriyallo, ikkada nyayasthaanam yokka nirmaanam mariyu poura nyaya nyaayavaadula vaanijya anubhavam lekapovadam gurinchi patrikalu aandolana vyaktam chesaayi (veeriddaroo cubec nagara praantaaniki chendinavaaru, montriyalnu vadili, appudu kenadaalo atipedda nagaram, praatinidhyam lekunda).
kortu yokka aruguru sabhyula nirmaanam anivaryamgaa aneka vibhajana nirnayaalaku daariteesindi, chivariki 1927loe idhi eduku penchabadindi. 1949loe, prevy council yokka judicial kamiteeki appeals raddu cheyadamtho, nyaayamuurtula puurti sankhya mallee tommidigaa penchabadindi.
kortu yokka modati kesulu.
eee nyayasthaanam 1875 november 18naa praarambhinchabadindi. ayithe, modati samvatsaramlo nyaayasthaanaaniki appeellu chaalaa takkuvagaa undevi. aaa vidhamgaa, 1876 janavari 17, somavaaram naadu jarigina kortu modati samavesamlo, dharmasana mundu kesu lenanduna kortu ventane vaida vesindi.
april nelaloo kenadian senate (kenadaaloni kraistava paatasaalala sodarulu) nundi kortuku oka suuchana prasna ivvabadindi. kenadaaloni kraistava paatasaalala sodarulanu chaerchadaaniki oka chattam" anae billu federal prabhutvam yokka adhikaram lopala undaa anie senate kortunu korindi. naluguru nyaayamuurtulu matrame hajarayyaru. balamaina, naalugava nyaayamuurti ayina ritchie, eee billu pratyaekamaina praantiiya adhikara paridhiloo undani, kaaranaalu cheppakunda abhiprayapaddaru. pradhana nyaayamuurti richards, private sabhyula billula suuchanalanu vinadaniki nyaayasthaanaaniki adhikara paridhi undaa anae sandehaalanu vyaktam chestu, dhooramgaa unnaaru. 1876 juun varaku kortu kellie vii thoo thana modati kesunu vichaarinchaledu. sullivan "(dheeniki kortu file number vann ivvabadindi).
kortu sthaanam.
modati aidu samvatsaraala paatu, kortu paarlamentu bhavanaalalo khaliga unna vividha gadula madhya, mukhyamgaa railway kamitee gaditho sahaa, tirigindi. 1882 varaku shaashwata vasati kalpinchabadaledu, vaaru paarlamentu konda yokka paschima block (odduna veedhi vaipu) nairuti muulaloe punaruddharinchina bhavanamloki maararu. eee bhavananni modata cheef dominian architect thamus sitton scott roopondinchaaru mariyu 1873loe prabhutvaaniki varkshaaplu mariyu aswasaalalugaa nirminchaaru. dheenini thamus phular 1881loe supreenkortu kosam roopondinchina roopakalpanatho punaruddharinchaaru, idhi eee bhavananni jaateeya art gallerytho aaru samvatsaraalu panchukundi. ayithe, bhavanamloni nivaasitulu, vistrutamaina "bhayankaramaina vaasana", paelavamaina ventilation, chinna sthalam, karyalayala korata mariyu parliamentary libraryki dhooram vanti samasyalanu jabita chestu, daanipai firyadulu chesaaru.
1890loe, bhavananiki uttaraana vistarinchi unna oka kotta vibhagam neelamaaliga, rendu adanapu antastulu mariyu oka atakanu andistuu nirminchabadindi, idhi nyaayasthaana soukaryaala parimaanaanni daadaapu rettimpu chesindi. 1949 varaku kortu eee bhavananni aakraminchindi, appudu vaaru paarlamentuku paschimaana wellington veedhiloo uddeshapoorvakamgaa nirminchina bhavanamloki maararu.
prevy council (1875-1949) kinda.
prarambha rojullo anni kesulanu kenada supreme court nundi landanlooni prevy council yokka judicial kamiteeki appeal cheyavachu. alaage, kesulu supreme kortunu daatavesi, provincial kortula appeal nundi neerugaa londonku vellavacchu. rajyangam yokka vivaranapai supreenkortu teesukunna nirnayaalu saktivantamaina kendra prabhutvaanni srushtinchaalanae uddesamto prajaadarana pondina abhipraayaaniki maddatu icchaayi. ayithe, prevy council balamaina praantiiya adhikaaraalanu kalpistunnatlu rajyangam patla spashtamaina vyatiraeka drukpathaanni kaligi undhi. lards haldane mariyu watson nirnayaalu vaari nirnayaalalo eee abhiprayanni balamgaa pratibimbimchaayi, idhi marintagaa janaadarana pondaledu. tama aneka nirnayaalalo vaaru vaanijyam mariyu vaanijya adhikaaramtho paatu samakhya prabhutvam yokka shanti, kramam mariyu manchi prabhutva adhikaranni anoohyamgaa parimitam chesaarani ardham chesukunnaru. eee nirnayaalalo chaalaa varaku rendu sampradaayavaada prabhutvam pratipaadinchina aneka samskaranalanu raddu cheyadam phalitamgaa vachayi. bii. prajala maddatu unnappatikee, bennet mariyu mackenzie king yokka tadupari udaara prabhutvam. tatphalitamgaa, praantiiya prabhutvaalu nyaya swaatantryam kosam united kingdamnu ottidi cheyaalani federal prabhutvaanni demand cheyadam praarambhinchaayi. kenada yokka sarvonnata nyayasthaanam adhikarikamga 1933loe criminal appeellaku mariyu 1949loe anni itara appeellaku chivari aasrayamgaa maarindi. 1959loe prevy council chivari kenadian kesunu vichaarinchindi, endukante eee kesu taatayyaku sambandhinchinadi.
chivari aasrayamgaa swaatantryam (1949-1982).
laskin kortu.
1973loe pradhana nyayamurthiga borah laskin niyamakam supreenkortuku oka pradhana malupu tirigindi. laskin kortu nyaayamuurtulaloo chaalaa mandhi vidyaavaettalu ledhaa gouravapradamaina abhyaasakulu, chaalaa mandiki appellate kortulalo aneka samvatsaraala anubhavam undhi. luskin yokka samaakhyavaada mariyu udaaravaada abhiprayalu nyayasthaanam yokka aneka nirnayaalalo prabhavam chupayi. kortu disalo maarpu kontha vivadaspadamga niroopinchabadindi. laskin shaili rapidi cheyagaliginamtagaa undadamtho, adhi justice luis-phillip dii grandprenu mundastu padavee viramana teesukoovadaaniki prerepinchindi. pradhana nyayamurthiga athani padoonnati kooda ronald maartlaandnu kalatapettindi, athanu aaa samayamlo atyanta senior puesney justice ayinanduna sampradaayam prakaram eee padaviki niyaminchabadataadani bhaavinchaaru.
eee kaalamlo nyaayasthaanamlo vichaaranaku vacchina atyanta mukhyamaina kesulalo "calder vii british columbia (eji)" [1973] sr 313 unnaayi, ikkada nyayasthaanam bhoomipai swechchagaa nilabade aadimavaasula hakku unikini gurtinchindi. aarr vii salt stee-maerii (city off)" [1978] 2 sr 1299 loe, kortu naera chattamlo kathinamaina baadhyata neeraalaku pramaanaanni erpaatu chesindi. "raajyaamgaanni savarinchadaaniki oka teermaanam" "[1981] 1 sr 753 (" "deshabhakti suuchana" ") anedi oka alikhita rajyanga samavesam unikini, antey savarana kosam praavinsula nundi sammati pondadaaniki rajyanga baadhyatanu kortu angeekarinchina modatisaari".
"charter" shakam (1982-prastutam).
dickson kortu.
dickson kortu prarambham anedi supreenkortu vichaarinchina "charter" kesulalo modatidaaniki anugunamgaa untundi.
dickson kortu kenadian nyaayasaastramlo konni atyanta praathamika maarpulanu paryaveekshinchindi. aarr vii oaks" (vibhagam 1) mariyu "retail, holsale mariyu department store union, lokal 580 vii dolphin delivery limited" ("charter" yokka paridhi) thoo sahaa charter nyaayasaastram kosam aneka punaadi kesulanu kortu nirnayinchindi. eee kaalamlo atyanta samuulamaina nirnayaalalo "rii bisi motaru vaahana chattam" kooda undhi, idhi praamaanikamaina hakkulanu cherchadam dwara tagina prakriya vidhaanaparamaina hakkulanu matrame rakshistundane sampradaaya ghnaanam nundi vidipoyindi. eee kesu taruvaata "aarr vii morgentaller" nirnayamtho anusarinchabadindi, idhi garbhasravam yokka neerapuuritatanu kottivesinanduna, conny poura sandarbhamloki tagina prakriya hakkulanu vistarinchadam valla kooda mukhyamainadigaa niroopinchabadindi.
dickson kortu shakam kenadian paripalana chattamlo oka pedda maarpuku kooda naandi palikindi, "union dess employees dii servies, lokal 298 vii bibiolt" loe "aacharanaatmaka mariyu kriyaatmaka vidhanam" kanipinchindi.
dickson kortu chivari samvatsaraallo justice gerard laa forrest "morgard investments limited vii dii savoy" [1990] 3 sr 1077 nirnayaalalo chattaala sangharshana praantaanni puurtigaa savarinchaaru. idhi lamar kortu yugamlo "hunt vii tii & enn plc", [1993] 4 sr 289 mariyu "tolofson vii gensen", [1994] 3 sr 1022 vanti tadupari nirnayaalato konasaagutundi.
lamar kortu.
antonio lamar yokka naera nyaya nepathyam ayana pradhana nyayamurthiga unna samayamlo kortu vichaarinchina naera kesula sankhyapai prabhavam choopindi.
mclachlin kortu.
beverley mcclacklin pradhana nyayamurthiga niyamakam phalitamgaa marinta madhyavartitva mariyu ekikruta nyayasthaanam erpadindi. bhinnabhiprayalu mariyu ekibhavinche kaaranaalu dickson mariyu lamar kortula kante takkuvagaa untaayi. oka samvatsaramlo vidudala chesina athi takkuva sankhyalo teerpulanu kooda kortu chusindi. 2006loe kevalam 59 teerpulu matrame vidudalayyaayi, idhi 25 ellalo athi takkuva sankhya.