uttara dhruvam

bhougolika uttara dhruvam, bhoogola uttara dhruvam ledhaa 90va samaantara uttara dhruvam anie kooda piluvabade uttara dhruvam, uttara ardhagolamlo bhoomi yokka bhramana aksham daani uparitalaanni kalise pradaesam. ayaskanta uttara dhruvam nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki dheenini nijamaina uttara dhruvam anie pilustaaru.
uttara dhruvam nirvachanam prakaram bhoomipai atyanta uttara binduvu, idhi dakshina dhruvaniki vyatiraekamgaa undhi. idhi bhougolika akshaamsam 90° uttaraanni, alaage nijamaina uttara disanu nirvachistundi. uttara dhruvam vadda anni disaluu dakshinam vaipu chuuputaayi; rekhaamsam yokka anni rekhalu akkada kalustaayi, kabatti daani rekhaamsaanni edainaa degree viluvagaa nirvachinchavacchu. uttara dhruvaniki etuvanti samaya praantam ketayinchabadaledu, kabatti yea samayanni ayina sthaanika samayamgaa upayoginchavacchu. gatti akshaamsha vruttaala venta, apasavyadisalo thoorpu mariyu apasavyadisalo paschimam. uttara dhruvam uttara ardhagolaaniki madhyalo undhi. sameepa bhoomi saadhaaranamgaa greenland uttara tiiraaniki dhooramgaa unna cafecluben dveepam anie chebutaaru, ayithe konni pakshika shaashwata kankara oddulu konchem daggaragaa untaayi. dhruvam nundi unna kenadaaloni ellessmer dveepamlo atyanta sameepa shaashwata nivaasa pradaesam apramattamgaa undhi.
dakshina dhruvam khandantara bhoobhaagamlo undagaa, uttara dhruvam architic mahasamudram madhyalo undhi, idhi daadaapu saasvatamgaa nirantaram maarutunna samudra manchutho kappabadi untundi. uttara dhruvam vadda samudrapu lothunu juulai russian mirr submersible mariyu mariyu yuu. ess. ess. natilus dwara kolustaaru. idhi uttara dhruvam vadda shaashwata sthaavaraanni nirminchadam (dakshina dhruvam vale kakunda) asadhyamga chestundi. ayithe, soviet union, taruvaata russia 1937 nundi saadhaaranamgaa vaarshika praatipadikana aneka manushulatho kuudina drifting stationlanu nirminchaayi, veetilo konni stambham meedugaa ledhaa chaalaa daggaragaa unnaayi. 2002 nundi, rashyanla brundam kooda prati samvatsaram eee stambhaaniki sameepamlo barniolo oka private sthaavaraanni erpaatu chesindi. idhi vasanta rutuvu praarambhamlo konni vaaraala paatu panichestundi. architic manchu kunchinchukupovadam valla uttara dhruvam kalanugunamga manchu rahitamgaa maaravacchani maaravacchani adhyayanalu anchanaa vaesaayi, kaalaparimiti 2016 nundi 21va sataabdam chivari varaku ledhaa taruvaata varaku maarutuu untundi.
uttara dhruvanni cherukovadaniki prayatnaalu 19va sataabdam chivaralo prarambhamayyayi, aneka sandarbhaallo "suduura uttara" rikaardunu adhigaminchaaru. uttara dhruvaniki cherukunna mottamodati tiruguleni yaatra "narge" anae vaimanika nauka, idhi idhi yaatra nayakudu rolled amundsentho sahaa 16 mandhi purushulatho eee praantaanni daatindi. moodu munupati dandayaatralu-frederic cook (1908, land), robbert pier (1909, land) mariyu richard ii. byred (1926, areal)-okappudu dhruvaniki cherukunnatlu kooda aamodinchabaddaayi. ayithe, prati sandarbhamloonuu, yaatrala dayta yokka tadupari vislaeshanha vaari vaadanala khachitatvampai sandehaanni rekettinchindi. uttara dhruvaniki cherukovadaniki mottamodati dhruveekarinchabadina bhuu dandayaatra dandayaatra ralf pliested, walt pederson, gerry pitzel mariyu zeane-look bombardier, snomobiles mariyu vaayu maddatutoe jarigindi.
khachitamaina nirvachanam.
bhoomi yokka bhramana aksham-anduvalla uttara dhruvam yokka sthaanam-saadhaaranamgaa sthiramgaa (bhoomi yokka uparitalaaniki sambandhinchi) untundani nammutaaru, 18va sataabdamloo, ganita shaastravetta leonhard euler aksham koddigaa "kadulutundani" anchanaa vaesaadu. 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo khagola saastravettalu nakshatraala pariseelana nundi bhoomipai oka sthira binduvu kosam nirnayinchabadinatlugaa oka chinna spashtamaina "akshaamsha vaividhyam" nuu gamaninchaaru. eee vaividhyamlo kontha bhaganni bhoomi yokka uparitalam antataa konni meterla paridhiloo dhruvam tirugutuu undatam kaaranamani cheppavacchu. tiragadamlo aneka aavartana bhagalu mariyu kramarahita bhaagam untaayi. sumaru 435 rojula vyavadhi kaligina eee bhaagam euler anchanaa vesina enimidi nelala thirogamanamtho gurtinchabadindi mariyu ippudu daani aavishkarta paeru meeda chandler wabul anie pilustaaru. bhoomi yokka aksham mariyu bhoomi yokka uparitalam yokka khachitamaina vibhajana binduvunu, yea kshanamloonainaa, "takshana dhruvam" anie pilustaaru, conny "chalanam" kaaranamgaa meater-scale khachitatvam avasaramainappudu dheenini sthira uttara dhruvam (ledhaa dakshina dhruvam) yokka nirvachanamgaa upayoginchalemu.
bhoomi akshaamsaala vyavasthanu (akshaamsam, rekhaamsam mariyu ettulu ledhaa orography) sthira bhuu roopaalatho mudipettadam manchidi. ayithe, plate tectonics mariyu isostasy ichinatlayithe, anni bhougolika lakshanaalu sthiramgaa unde vyavastha ledhu. ayinappatikee antarjaateeya bhoomi bhramanam mariyu suuchana vyavasthala seva mariyu antarjaateeya khagola sangham antarjaateeya bhusambandha suuchana vyavastha anie piluvabade oka frameworknu nirvachinchaayi.
anveshana.
1900 kii mundu.
16va sataabdam praarambhamloonae, uttara dhruvam samudramlo undani chaalaa mandhi pramukha vyaktulu sarigga vishwasinchaaru, dheenini 19va sataabdamloo bahupadi ledhaa bahiranga dhruva samudram anie pilicheevaaru. anduvalla samvatsaramlo anukuulamaina samayaallo manchu pravaahaala dwara maargam kanugonabadutundani aasinchaaru. maargam kanugonadaaniki aneka dandayaatralu bayaludaeraayi, saadhaaranamgaa timingalam vaeta noukalathoo, ippatike saadhaaranamgaa challani uttara akshaamsaalalo upayoginchabadutunnaayi.
uttara dhruvanni cherukovalane spashtamaina uddesyamto bayaludaerina toli dandayaatralalo okati british naukaadala adhikari vilium edward paari, athanu athanu akshaamsam 82°45′ uttaraaniki cherukunnadu. cherukunnadu, charless frances haall netrutvamloni dhruvampai america chesina "polaris" dandayaatra, vipattulo mugisindi. commander albert hetch. british architic dandayaatralo bhaagamaina pole cherukovadaniki maroka british raayal naevii prayatnam chesindi. markham 1876 maeloe venakki tiragadaaniki mundu appati rikaardu 83° 20'26 uttaraaniki cherukundi. yuu. ess. navika adhikari georg doubleu netrutvamloni oka 1879-1881 dandayaatra. vaari ooda, dhi, manchutho naligipoyinappudu chaalaa kaalam vishaadakaramgaa mugisindi. long thoo sahaa sagam mandhi sibbandi kolpoyaru.
april cherukuni, norwegian anveshakulu friedjoff nansen mariyu hazalmar johansen nansen yokka manchutho kappabadina "frame" nuu vidichipettina taruvaata skiss meeda pole kosam parugulu teesaaru. eee janta 86°14 'uttara akshaamsaaniki cherukuni, aaa prayatnaanni vidichipetti, dakshinam vaipu tirigi, chivariki franz joseph bhoomiki cherukunnaru.
cherukunnaru, swedish injanir salmon august andree mariyu iddaru sahacharulu hydrogen beloon "ornen" ("eegil") loe uttara dhruvaniki cherukovadaniki prayatninchaaru, conny swalbard dveepasamuuham yokka eshaanya bhaagamaina kvitoyaku uttaraana digivacchaaru. vaaru kvitoyaku trekking chesaaru, conny vaaru pramaadaaniki guraina moodu nelala tarvaata akkada maraninchaaru. maraninchaaru eee dandayaatra avasheshaalanu norwegian bratwag dandayaatra dwara kanugonnaru.
italian anveshakudu luigi amedio, duke off abruzzi mariyu italian raayal naevii (regia merina) kepten umberto kagni kagni norway nundi marchabadina waler "stella polar" ("pole starr") nuu prayaaninchaaru. 1900 marchi 11naa kagni manchu meeda oka paarteeki naayakatvam vahinchi april 25naa 86°34 'akshaamsaaniki cherukuni, cherukuni nansen phalitaanni oodinchi kotta rikaardunu nelakolpaaru. juun 23 varaku akkade undi, kagni shibiraniki tirigi ralekapoyadu. augustu 16naa, "stella polar" rudolph dveepaanni dakshina disagaa vadili, dandayaatra norwaylo tirigi vachindi.
1900-1940.
america anveshakudu frederic cook 1908 april 21naa ahvela mariyu etukishook anae iddaru inuit vyaktulatoe uttara dhruvaniki cherukunnatlu paerkonnaadu, conny athanu nammadagina rujuvulanu andinchalekapoyadu mariyu athani vaadana vistrutamgaa aamodinchabadaledu.
uttara dhruvanni jayinchina ghanata chaalaa samvatsaraalugaa us naevii injanir robbert piyarku labhinchindi, athanu 1909 april 6naa mathue gorintito paatu naluguru inuit purushulu, ootaa, seaglo, egingwa mariyu ooketho kalisi dhruvaniki cherukunnatlu paerkonnaadu. ayithe, pier yokka vaadana chaalaa vivadaspadamga mariyu vivadaspadamga undhi. prayaana chivari dasalo pier thoo paatu vacchina vaariki [paaschaatya] navigationlo sikshana ivvabadaledu, anduvalla ayana navigational panini swatantramgaa dhruvikarinchalekapoyaru, idhi ayana stambham daggaraku cherukunnappudu mukhyamgaa alasatvamgaa undani kondaru paerkonnaaru.
chivari maddatu party tirigi vacchina tarvaata pier saadhinchina dhooraalu mariyu vaegaalu chaalaa mandiki nammasakyam kaniviga anipistaayi, aaa samayam varaku athanu saadhinchina daanikante daadaapu moodu retlu ekkuva. pratyaksha rekha venta prayaanistunnappudu stambhaaniki mariyu tirigi vellae prayaanam gurinchi pier yokka kathanam-athanu edurkontunna samaya parimitulaku anugunamgaa unde ekaika vyuuham-ottidi gatlu mariyu open leedlanu nivaarinchadaaniki kathinamaina prakkathovalu gurinchi henson yokka kathanam dwara viruddhamgaa undhi.
modatlo piyarku maddatudaaru ayina british anveshakudu vaalii herbert herbert pier recordulanu parisoedhimchi, anveshakudi navigational recordulalo gananeeyamaina vyatyaasaalu unnayani kanugonnadu. pier stambhaaniki cherukoledani ayana nirdhaarinchaaru. ayithe, (usa) british anveshakudu tomm averi mariyu naluguru sahacharulu chekka sledgela pratiroopam mariyu kenadian eskimo dogg jatlatho pier prayaanamloo bahya bhaganni tirigi srushtinchi, 36 rojullo, 22 gantallo uttara dhruvaniki cherukunnappudu piyarku maddatu tirigi vachindi-pier kante daadaapu aidu gantalu vaegamgaa. ayithe, averi yokka vegavantamaina 5 rojula march, pier perkonna daanikante chaalaa takkuva. robbert pier, mathue henson mariyu mariyu uttaraana adugupettina naluguru inuit purushula patla naaku unna prasamsalu mariyu gowravam, memu cape columbia nundi bayaluderinappati nundi chaalaa perigindi" anie averi thana web saitlo raasaaru. athanu pyaak manchu meedugaa elaa prayaninchado ippudu naaku neenu chusina taruvaata, pier nijamgaa uttara dhruvanni kanugonnadani neenu gatamlo kante ekkuva nammutunnaanu."
eee stambham meedugaa modati daavaa veyabadina vimananni 1926 mae 9naa yuu. ess. navika adhikari richard ii. chesaaru. oka fakkar trai-motor vimaanamlo byred mariyu pilate floyd bennet. aaa samayamlo jaateeya bhougolika samajam yokka oka kamitee dhruvikarinchinappatiki, byred yokka sudeerghamgaa daachina diary yokka solar sextant dayta (idhi ngs eppuduu tanikhi cheyaledu) athani juun 1926 nivedika yokka samaantara daetaaku nirantaram viruddhamgaa undani 1996 loe velladi chesinappati nundi eee vaadana balaheenapadindi. rahasya nivedika yokka aaropinchabadina maargamadhyamlo unna soura sextant dayta anukokunda entha khachitamainadigaa undadamtho, athanu aidu nelala taruvaata bhougolika samaajaalaku pampina nivedika yokka samskarana nundi eee mudi soura pariseelanalannintini tolaginchaadu (asalu samskarana 70 samvatsaraalu daachabadindi), eee avagahananu mariyu cambridge vishwavidyaalayam telivigaa referee chesina taruvaata modatisaari prachurinchindi.
1926 mae 12naa norwegian anveshakudu rolled amundsen mariyu athani US spaansar ayina linkan elsworth dwara "norge" anae air ship nundi dhruvam yokka modati sthiramaina, dhruveekarinchabadina mariyu saastriiyamgaa nammadagina sadhana jarigindi. "norwegian yajamanyamlo unnappatikee, "norge" nuu italian umberto nobil roopondinchi, prayoginchaaru. eee vimanam naarvelooni swalbard nundi praarambhamai, architic mahaasamudraanni daati alasca cherukundi. nobil, "norge" nundi aneka mandhi saastravettalu mariyu sibbandito, 1928 mae 24naa, air ship "italia" loe rendavasari polnu ovarfluu chesaaru. italia" stambham nundi tirigi vachinappudu koolipoyindi, sagam mandhi sibbandini kolpoyindi.
 1937 juun 19naa uttara dhruvam meedugaa prayaaninchina valery chakalov, jargi beydukov mariyu alegzander belyakov sibbandito kalisi tupolev yant-25 vimaanamlo soviet union nundi americaku etuvanti stapover lekunda vaari pratyaksha vimaanamlo idhi jarigindi.
manchu station.
uttara dhruvam vadda manchupai naalugu bhaarii mariyu oka telikapati vimanalanu mottamodatisaarigaa dinchina taruvaata, mae mae soviet saastravettalu uttara dhruvam nundi 20 kilometres (13 maillu) dhooramlo prapanchamlooni mottamodati uttara dhruva manchu kendram, uttara uttara sthaapinchaaru. yaatra sabhyulu-samudra shaastravetta piotar shirshov, vaataavarana shaastravetta yevgeny fyodorov, radeo operator ernst crenkel mariyu nayakudu evon papanin-tadupari tommidi nelala paatu stationlo shaastreeya parisoedhanalu nirvahinchaaru. 1938 fibravari 19 natiki, manchu vichchinnam chese "taimir" mariyu "murman" eee brundaanni pattukunnappudu, vaari station 2850 kii. mea. la dhooramlo greenland thoorpu tiiraaniki mallindi.
1940-2000.
1945 maeloe "mesham" yaatraku chendina raaf lancaster uttara bhougolika mariyu uttara ayaskanta dhruvaalapaiki egirina modati commonwealth vimanamga maarindi. eee vimananni raayal air forsku chendina david sessil mckinley nadipinchaaru. idhi kenneth sii thoo 11 mandhi sibbandini kaligi undhi. anni shaastreeya pariseelanalaku baadhyata vahinche raayal kenadian vaimanika dalam yokka maclure. mariyu, kenada yokka aviation haall off famelo maclurku sthaanam labhinchindi.
pier yokka vivaadaaspada vaadananu tiraskaristuu, uttara dhruvamlo adugu pettina modati vyaktulu geophysicistlu mikhail ostrekin mariyu pavel senko, samudra saastravettalu mikhail somov mariyu pavel gordienko mariyu alexander kuznetsov yokka "sever-2" dandayaatra (marchi-mae 1948) yokka itara saastravettalu mariyu vimaana sibbandi (mottam 24 mandhi) thoo sahaa soviet party. dheenini uttara samudra maargam yokka pradhana directorate nirvahinchindi. aaa party moodu vimanalalo (pailatlu evon cherevichnii, vaitee maslennikov mariyu ilya kotov) kotelni dveepam nundi uttara dhruvaniki velli, 1948 april 23naa saayantram 4:44 gantalaku (masco samayam) akkada digindi. vaaru taatkaalika sibiraanni erpaatu chesi, taruvaati rendu rojula paatu shaastreeya pariseelanalu nirvahinchaaru. april 26naa yaatra tirigi khandaniki vellindi.
marusati samvatsaram, 1949 mae 9naa maroe iddaru soviet saastravettalu (vithi volovic mariyu andree medvedev) uttara dhruvampai parachute chesina modati vyaktulu ayyaru. vaaru douglus sii-47 skye train, registered sisisipi hetch-369 nundi dhooki vellaaru.
1952 mae 3naa yuu.ess. air fores leftinent kalnal joseph oo. shaastravetta albert pii. thoo paatu fletcher mariyu leftinent vilium pershing benedict. crarey, uttara dhruvam vadda savarinchina douglus sii-47 skytraine dinchindi. soviet landinglu vistrutamgaa telisinanta varaku konni paaschaatya muulaalu dheenini pole vadda modati landinga bhaavinchaayi.
united states naevii jalaantargaami "yuu. ess. ess natilus" (ess. ess. enn-571) 1958 augustu 3naa uttara dhruvanni daatindi. 1959 marchi 17naa "yuu. ess. ess skate" (ess. ess. enn-578) dhruvam vadda kanipinchindi, daani paina unna manchunu vichchinnam chesi, alaa chesina modati naukaadala noukagaa nilichindi.
uttara dhruvam yokka modati dhruveekarinchabadina uparitala vijayam ralf pliested, walt pederson, gerry pitzel mariyu zeane look bombardier chetha saadhinchabadindi, veeru snomobile dwara manchu meeda prayaaninchi april 19,1968naa vacchaaru. united states vaimanika dalam swatantramgaa vaari sthaanaanni dhruveekarinchindi.
1969 april 6naa vaalii herbert mariyu sahacharulu allan gill, raay corner mariyu british trans-architic dandayaatraku chendina kenneth headges kaalinadakana uttara dhruvaniki cherukunna modati purushulu ayyaru (kukka brundaalu mariyu air drops sahayamtho ayinappatikee). vaaru architic mahasamudram yokka modati uparitala daatadaanni puurti cheyadam konasaaginchaaru-mariyu daani podavaina aksham, baaro, alaska nundi swalbard varaku-idhi ennadoo punaraavrutam kaani ghanata. pliest yokka vaayu ravaanaanu upayoginchadam gurinchi suuchanalu (taruvaata tappugaa niroopinchabadindi) kaaranamgaa, konni muulaalu herbert yokka dandayaatranu manchu uparitalampai uttara dhruvaniki yea vidhamgaanainaa cherinatlu dhruveekarinchabadina modatidigaa vargeekarinchaayi. vargeekarinchaayi pliested yokka pailatlu veldie fips mariyu kenn lii atuvanti airlift andinchabadaledani nokki chebutuu afidavitlapai santakam chesaaru. cherukoleni stambhaanni cherukunna modati vyakti herbert anie kooda chebutaaru.
1977 augustu 17naa soviet anusaktitoe nadiche ice breaker "arctica" uttara dhruvaniki modati uparitala nauka prayaanaanni puurti chesindi.
chesindi ranulf fience mariyu charless aarr. oke seasonlo architic mahaasamudraanni daatina modati vyaktigaa burton nilichaaru. vaaru 1982 fibravari 17naa cape crosier, ellessmer dveepam nundi bayaluderi, 1982 april 10naa bhougolika uttara dhruvaniki cherukunnaru. vaaru kaalinadakana, snomobile prayaaninchaaru. dhruvam nundi, vaaru swalbard vaipu prayaaninchaaru, conny, manchu yokka asthira swabhaavam kaaranamgaa, 99 rojula paatu manchu flow meeda dakshinaana pravahinchina taruvaata manchu anchu vadda vaari daatadam mugisindi. vaaru chivariki tama yaatra ooda "emvi benzin bouring" kuu nadavagaligaru mariyu 1982 augustu 4naa 80:31 enn 00:59 doubleu sthaanamlo ekkaaru. moodu samvatsaraala transglobe yaatralo oka vibhaganni erpaatu chesina eee prayaanam phalitamgaa, fience mariyu burton uttara mariyu dakshina dhruwala dwara, uparitala prayaanam dwara matrame prapanchaanni pradakshina chesina modati vyaktulu ayyaru. eee vijayam netikee savaalu cheyabadaledu. yaatrikula brundamlo bothy anae jaak russell terrier undhi, athanu rendu stambhaalanu sandarsinchina modati kukka ayyadu.
ayyadu surr edmond hilarii (everest parvatam sikharampai nilabadina modati vyakti) mariyu neel armstrang (chandrunipai nilabadina modati vyakti) oka chinna janta injin skii vimaanamlo uttara dhruvam vadda digaaru. eee vidhamgaa kondalu rendu stambhaala vadda mariyu everest sikharampai nilabadina modati vyakti ayyadu.
ayyadu eduguru sahacharulatho kalisi, dogg sled dwara mariyu rii supply lekunda pole cherinatlu dhruveekarinchabadina modati vyaktigaa stegger nilichaadu.
uss "gurnard" (ssn-662) 1984 september nundi november varaku dhruva manchu kappulo architic mahasamudramlo thana sodari nowkalaloo okataina daadi jalaantargaami uss "pintado" (ssn-672) thoo kalisi panichesindi. 1984 november 12naa "gurnard" mariyu "pintado" uttara dhruvam vadda kalisi uparitalampaiki vacchina moodava jatha jalantargamuluga marai. marchi marchi, "gurnard" nuu arctic praantaaniki ice ex '90 vyayamam samayamlo moharinchaaru mariyu berring mariyu samudraala yokka nalgava sheethaakaala munigipoyina ravaanaanu matrame puurti chesaaru. "april 18naa uttara dhruvam vadda yuu. ess. ess. seahors (ssn-669) thoo kalisi "guranard" kanipinchindi.
1986 mae 6naa yuu. ess. ess. archer fish (ssn 678), yuu. ess. ess. rae (ssn 653) mariyu yuu. ess. ess. hockbill (ssn-666) uttara dhruvam vadda uparitalampaiki vachayi, idhi uttara dhruvam vadda modati tri-jalaantargaami uparitalam.
1987 april 21naa japanku chendina shinzi kazama motorcyclepy uttara dhruvaniki cherukunna modati vyakti ayyadu.
1987 mae 18naa yuu. ess. ess. bilfish (ssn 676), uss sea deville (ssn 664) mariyu hcms "suupar" (ess 109) uttara dhruvam vadda udbhavinchaayi, idhi uttara dhruvam vadda modati antarjaateeya uparitalam.
uparitalam 13 mandhi (9 soviet luu, 4 kenadiyanlu) thoo kuudina brundam cyberia nundi uttara kenada varaku architic meedugaa skying chesindi. kenadiyanlalo okaraina richard webber, architic mahaasamudraaniki rendu vaipula nundi dhruvanni cherukunna modati vyakti ayyadu.
april 16,1990naa, geisen vishwavidyaalayam brundam netrutvamloni german-swiss dandayaatra, pyaak manchu, manchu mariyu gaali kaalushyampai adhyayanala kosam bhougolika uttara dhruvaniki cherukundi. kenada yokka bhougolika survey mariyu alfred vegener institute pharr polar und merine research sahakaaramtho teesukunna namuunaalanu vislaeshimchaaru. namuunaa sekaranala kosam tadupari staplu 86° enn vadda bahula-samvatsaraala samudra manchupai, cape columbia mariyu ward hunt dveepamlo unnaayi.
4 mae 1990naa borge osland mariyu earling kaag 800 kimmy dhooramlo unna kenadaaloni ellessmer dveepam nundi 58 rojula skii trekk tarvaata uttara dhruvaniki maddatu laeni mottamodati anveshakulu ayyaru.
1991 septembaru 7naa german parisoedhanaa nauka "polarstern" mariyu swedish ice breaker "oden" modati sampradaaya saktitoe nadiche noukalugaa uttara dhruvaniki cherukunnayi. shaastreeya paarteelu mariyu sibbandi iddaroo samudra shaastra mariyu bhougolika namuunaalanu teesukoni, oka saadhaarana rappabandla yuddham mariyu oka manchu flow meeda football aatanu aadaru. "polarstern" sarigga 10 samvatsaraala taruvaata "" healey "" thoo mallee dhruvaniki cherukundi ".
1998, 1999, mariyu mariyu, laada niva maarshlu (branto, laada/waz yokka prayogaatmaka utpatti vibhagam tayaaru chesina pratyaekamaina chaalaa pedda chakraala versionlu) uttara dhruvaniki nadapabaddayi. 1998 dandayaatranu parachute dwara dimpi uttara dhruvaniki track puurti chesaaru. 2000 dandayaatra dhruvam nundi 114 kii. mea. la dhooramlo unna russian parisoedhanaa sthaavaram nundi bayaluderindi mariyu sagatu ushnograta −30 masim loe 20-15 kimmy/gamm sagatu vegaanni kaligi undhi.
21va sataabdam.
dhruva margallo vaanijya vimanalu uttara dhruvam yokka veekshanha dhooram lopala daatavacchu. udaaharanaku, chikago nundi beijing varaku oka vimanam 89° enn akshaamsaaniki daggaragaa raavacchu, ayithe prabalamaina gaalula kaaranamgaa tirigi vachhe prayaanaalu berring jalasandhi meedugaa veltaayi. iteevali samvatsaraalalo uttara dhruvaniki vimaanamlo (helicopter dwara ledhaa manchu meeda tayaaru chesina ranvepai) ledhaa ice breaker dwara prayaanaalu saapekshamgaa nityakrutyamgaa marai, mariyu sahasa selavu samsthala dwara chinna samuuhaalaku kooda andubaatulo unnaayi. iteevali samvatsaraalalo uttara dhruvampai parachute jumps tarachugaa jarigaayi. 2002 nundi etaa pole nundi koddi dhooramlo taatkaalika kaalaanuguna russian barnio shibiram vimaanamlo sthaapinchabadindi, mariyu shaastreeya parisoedhakulatoe paatu paryataka paarteelaku sevalu andistundi. shibiram nundi stambham varaku prayaanaalanu bhoomi meedugaa ledhaa helicopter dwara erpaatu cheyavachu.
uttara dhruvam yokka neeti aduguna anveshanhalo modati prayatnam 22 april 1998naa masco state university yokka diving club maddatutoe russian agnimaapaka sibbandi mariyu diver andree rojkov chae cheyabadindi, conny maranamtho mugisindi. uttara dhruvamlo tadupari prayatna divenu marusati samvatsaram adhe diving club nirvahinchindi, mariyu 24 april 1999naa vijayavantamaindi. diverlu maikhel wolf (austria), brett carmic (yuke) mariyu baab vaas (usa).
(usa) united states naevii jalaantargaami yuu. ess. ess. charlot (ssn-766) uttara dhruvam vadda manchu gundaa vacchi akkada 18 gantalu gadipindi.
juulai juulai british orpu swimmer levis gordan pug uttara dhruvamlo eetha puurti chesaadu. global warming yokka prabhavalanu highlight cheyadaaniki chepattina athani ghanata, manchu pravaahaala madhya terichina spashtamaina neetilo jarigindi. 2008 chivaralo uttara dhruvaniki oka kayaknu nadapadaniki ayana chesina prayatnam, dhruvaniki spashtamaina neeru undani tappugaa anchanaa vesina taruvaata, athani dandayaatra kevalam moodu rojula tarvaata mandapati manchulo chikkukunnappudu addupadindi. aaa tarvaata dandayaatranu vidichipettaru.
september 2007 natiki uttara dhruvanni vividha uparitala noukalu 66 saarlu sandarsinchaayih 54 saarlu soviet mariyu russian ice breakerlu, 4 saarlu swedish "oden", 3 saarlu german "polarstern", 3 saarlu uscgc "healey" mariyu uscgc "polar sea", mariyu okasari ccgs "luis" luu. seyint-laurent "mariyu swedish" vidar wiking "dwara.
2007 uttara dhruvam samudra mattaniki digutundi.
2 augustu 2007naa oka russian shaastreeya yaatra arctica 2007 uttara dhruvam vadda samudrapu adugubhaagaaniki mottamodati manushulatho digivacchindi, arctic samudrapu adugubhaagamlo russia yokka 2001 vistarinchina khandantara shelf daavaaku maddatugaa parisoedhana kaaryakramamlo bhaagamgaa. soviet mariyu russian dhruva anveshakudu arter chillingarov netrutvamlo rendu meer submersibles loe eee avarohana jarigindi. sandarsana yokka sanketha charyalo, russian jendaanu samudrapu adugubhaagamlo sarigga dhruvam vadda unchaaru.
newyork times" prakaram aarkitiklo russiaku aadhipatya prabhavanni ivvadaaniki uddesinchina prayatnaala shrenilo eee yaatra sarikottadi. warming architic vaataavaranam mariyu manchu praantam yokka vesavi kunchinchukupovadam chaina mariyu united states vanti aneka deshaala drushtini prapanchamlooni agrasthaanaaniki aakarshinchindi, ikkada vanarulu mariyu shipping margalu tvaralo dopideeki gurayye avakaasam undhi.
2009 loe yaatra.
yaatra, russian merine live-ice automobile yaatra (mlae-2009), nayakuraliga vasily elogine, mariyu affanacy makovnev, vladimir obikhod, alexey shkrabkin, sergi laurin, alexey ushakov mariyu nikole nikulshin la brundam, rendu custom-built 6 x 6 loe-pressure-tyre etiveslo uttara dhruvaniki cherukunnayi. yemelia-1 mariyu yemelia-2 vahanalanu russian parvataaroohakudu, anveshakudu mariyu injanir vasily elogine roopondinchaaru. vaaru 2009 april 26naa (masco samayam) uttara dhruvaniki cherukunnaru. eee yaatraku paakshikamgaa russia prabhutva vimanayana samstha maddatu ichindi. russian book off records dheenini bhoomi nundi bhougolika uttara dhruvaniki modati vijayavantamaina vaahana yaatragaa gurtinchindi.
2013 loe yaatra.
1 marchi 2013naa, russia samudra pratyaksha-manchu vaahana yaatra (mlae 2013), nayakuraliga vasily elogine, mariyu affanacy makovnev, vladimir obikhod, alexey shkrabkin, andree vankov, serge isayev mariyu nikole kozlov brundam, rendu custom-nirmita 6 x 6 takkuva-peedana-tyre atves-yemelia-3 mariyu yemelia-4-golomayani dveepam (severnaiah jemlya dveepasamuuham) nundi uttara dhruvam varaku architic mahasamudram yokka manchu gundaa pravahistundi. april 6naa vahanalu stambhaaniki cherukuni, taruvaata kenada tiiraaniki konasagayi. tiiraanni 30 april 2013naa (83° 08n, 075° 59w vaardu vaeta dveepam) cherukunnaru, mariyu 5 mae 2013naa dandayaatra nischayamaina bay, nyuu loe mugisindi. russian sarihaddu bhoomi (severnaiah gemlia dveepasamuuham yokka mactovi dveepam, 80°15n, 097°27e) mariyu kenadian teeram (ward vaeta dveepam, 83°08n, 075°59w) madhya maargam 55 rojulu pattindi; idhi ~ 2300 kimmy manchu antataa mariyu mottam 4000 kimmy. eee yaatra puurtigaa swaavalambanatoe undi, etuvanti bahya saamaagrini upayoginchaledu. eee yaatraku russian bhougolika samajam maddatu ichindi.
pagalu mariyu raatri.
uttara dhruvam vadda suuryudu vesavilo kshitijaaniki nirantaram paina mariyu sheethaakaalamlo kshitijaaniki nirantaram diguvana untaadu. suuryoedayam marchi vishuvattu (marchi 20 chuttoo) kii mundu untundi; suuryudu vesavi ayanantam (juun 21 chuttoo) vadda daadaapu 23⁄2 ° ettulo unna daani ettaina sthaanaaniki cherukovadaniki moodu nelalu padutundi, aaa taruvaata adhi munigipovadam praarambhinchi, september vishuvattu (september 23 chuttoo) tarvaata suuryaastamayaaniki cherukuntundi. dhruva aakaasamlo suuryudu kanipinchinappudu, adhi kshitijaaniki paina kshitija samaantara vruttamlo kadulutunnatlu kanipistundi. eee vruttam kramamga vasanta vishuvattu taruvaata kshitijaaniki sameepamlo nundi vesavi ayanantam samayamlo kshitijaaniki paina daani garishta ettuku (degreelalo) paiki lechi, saradrutuvu vishuvattu vadda daani krinda munigipoye mundu kshitijaaniki tirigi munigipotundi. anduvalla uttara mariyu dakshina dhruvalu bhoomipai suuryoedayam mariyu suuryaastamayam yokka atyanta nemmadigaa retunu anubhavistaayi.
suuryoedayaaniki mundu mariyu suuryaastamayam taruvaata sambhavinche sandhya kaalam moodu ververu nirvachanaalanu kaligi untundih
bhoomi yokka aksha vampu mariyu suuryuni chuttoo daani bhramanam kalayika valla eee prabhavalu sambhavistaayi. bhoomi yokka aksha vampu yokka dhisha, alaage suuryuni chuttoo bhoomi yokka kakshya yokka samatalaaniki sambandhinchi daani konam, oka samvatsaram paatu chaalaa sthiramgaa untundi (rendoo kooda sudeergha kaala vyavadhilo chaalaa nemmadigaa marutayi). uttara vesavi madhyalo uttara dhruvam daani garishta sthaayilo suuryudi vaipu mukhamgaa untundi. samvatsaram gadichekoddi mariyu bhoomi suuryuni chuttoo tirugutunna koddi, uttara dhruvam kramamga sheethaakaalam madhyalo suuryuni nundi daani garishta sthaayiki dhooramgaa unde varaku suuryuni nundi dhooramgaa tirugutundi. dakshina dhruvam vadda aaru nelala kaala vyatyaasamtho idhe vidhamaina kramam gamaninchabadutundi.
samayam.
bhoomipai chaalaa pradaesaalaloo, sthaanika samayam rekhaamsam dwara nirnayinchabadutundi, antey pagati samayam aakaasamlo suuryuni sthaanaaniki daadaapu samakaaleekarinchabadutundi (udaaharanaku, madhyahnam, suuryudu dadapuga daani ettulo untaadu). uttara dhruvam vadda eee tarka rekha viphalamavutundi, ikkada suuryudu samvatsaraaniki okasari matrame udayinchadam mariyu astaminchadam anubhavistaadu, mariyu rekhaamsam yokka anni rekhalu, anduvalla anni samaya mandalaalu kalustaayi. uttara dhruvam vadda shaashwata maanava uniki ledhu mariyu nirdishta samaya praantam ketayinchabadaledu. dhruva dandayaatralu greenwitch sagatu samayam ledhaa vaaru bayaludaerina desham yokka samaya praantam vanti soukaryavantamaina yea samaya mandalaanni ayina upayoginchavacchu.
vaataavaranam, uttara dhruvam vadda samudrapu manchu.
uttara dhruvam dakshina dhruvam kante gananeeyamgaa vecchagaa untundi, endukante idhi khandantara bhuu dravyarashi meeda ettulo kakunda samudra mattam madhyalo (idhi ushna jalaasayamgaa panichestundi) untundi. manchu kappaga unnappatikee, juulai mariyu augustu sagatu ushnogratalu gaddakattadam kante konchem ekkuvagaa undatam valla greenlandloni uttaraana unna vaataavarana kendram tandra vaataavaranam (koppen "ett") kaligi undhi.
greenlandloni uttaraana unna vaataavarana kendram vadda sheethaakaala ushnogratalu sagatuna sumaruga untaayi, uttara dhruvam koddigaa challaga untundi. ayithe, oka vichitramaina tuphaanu kaaranamgaa 2015 december 30naa 87.45 °N vadda unna prapancha vaataavarana samstha boy vadda kontakaalam ushnograta cherukuntundi. tuphaanu samayamlo uttara dhruvam vadda ushnograta madhyalo untundani anchanaa veyabadindi. vesavi ushnogratalu (juun, juulai mariyu augustu) gaddakatte sthaanam () chuttoo sagatuna untaayi. inca namodu cheyabadina atyadhika ushnograta, dakshina dhruvam yokka rikaardu garishta ushnograta kante chaalaa vaedigaa untundi. 2016 november 15naa ushnogratalu gaddakattadaaniki cherukunnappudu ushnogratalu idhe vidhamaina perugudala sambhavinchindi. mallii, fibravari fibravari chaalaa saktivantamaina tuphaanu sambhavinchindi, greenlandloni prapanchamlooni uttaraana unna vaataavarana kendram cape morris jesup vadda ushnogratalu gaddakattadaaniki 24 gantala paatu nitaruga gadipayi. intalo, stambham kooda adhika ushnogrataku cherukuntundani anchanaa veyabadindi. adhe samayamlo laas angelsloni hollywood burbank vimaanaasrayamloo kooda idhe ushnograta namodaindi.
uttara dhruvam vadda samudrapu manchu saadhaaranamgaa mandamgaa untundi, ayithe manchu mandam, daani praadaesika paridhi mariyu manchu pyaak lopala bahiranga neetilo kontha bhaagam vaataavaranam mariyu vaataavaranaaniki pratispandanagaa vaegamgaa mariyu lothugaa maaravacchu. iteevali samvatsaraalalo sagatu manchu mandam taggindani adhyayanalu choopinchaayi. global warming dheeniki dohadapadi undavacchu, conny iteevali mandam aakasmikamgaa taggadaaniki puurtigaa aarkitiklo gamaninchina vedekkadam kaaranamani cheppalemu. konni dasaabdaallo architic mahasamudram vesavilo puurtigaa manchu lekunda untundani nivedikalu anchanaa vaesaayi. idhi gananeeyamaina vaanijyaparamaina chikkulanu kaligi undavacchu; diguva "praadaesika vaadanalu" chudandi.
arctic samudrapu manchu tirogamanam global warmingnu vegavantam chestundi, endukante takkuva manchu kappadam takkuva soura vikiranaanni pratibimbistumdi mariyu arctic tuphaanu utpattiki dohadam cheyadam dwara teevramaina vaataavarana prabhavalanu kaligi undavacchu.
vrukshajaalam mariyu jantujaalam.
uttara dhruvam sameepamlo tracklu kanipinchinappatikii, aahara korata kaaranamgaa dhruva elugubantlu daadaapu 82° uttaraana arudugaa prayaanistaayani nammutaaru, mariyu mariyu jarigina oka yaatralo dhruvam nundi oka dhruva elugubantini chusinatlu nivedinchabadindi. valayakara mudra kooda dhruvam vadda kanipinchindi, mariyu architic nakkalu 89°40′n vadda kante takkuva dhooramlo gamaninchabaddaayi.
stambham vadda ledhaa chaalaa sameepamlo kanipinche pakshulalo manchu bunting, uttara fullmar mariyu nalla kaalla kittiwake unnaayi, ayithe konni pakshula veekshanhalu oodalu mariyu dandayaatralanu anusarinche pakshula dhorani dwara vakreekarinchabadavachhu.
uttara dhruvam vadda unna neetilo chepalu kanipinchaayi, conny ivi bahusha takkuva sankhyalo unnaayi. 2007 augustulo uttara dhruvam samudra mattaniki digivacchina russian brundam sabhyudu akkada etuvanti samudra jeevulu nivasinchaledani nivedinchaaru. ayithe, russian brundam samudrapu mattam burada nundi samudrapu aneemonnu sekarinchindani, dive nundi vacchina veediyo footageelo gurtinchabadani royyalu mariyu amphipodelu kanipinchaayani taruvaata nivedinchabadindi.
uttara dhruvam mariyu architic praantaalapai praadaesika hakkulu.
prastutam, antarjaateeya chattam prakaram, uttara dhruvam ledhaa daani chuttoo unna architic mahasamudram yokka praantam yea deshaaniki chendinadi kaadu. chuttoo unna aidu architic deshaalu, russia, kenada, norway, denmark (greenland dwara) mariyu united states, vaati tiiraalaku dhooramgaa pratyeka aardhika mandalaaniki parimitam cheyabaddaayi mariyu daaniki minchina praantaanni antarjaateeya samudragarbha adhikaram nirvahistundi.
samudra chattampai aikyaraajyasamiti oppandaanni aamodinchina taruvaata, oka desham thana 200 mailla pratyeka aardhika mandalaaniki minchi vistarinchina khandantara shelfpy daavaa vaeyadaaniki 10 samvatsaraala samayam untundi. dhruvikarinchabadinatlayite, atuvanti daavaa claim cheyabadina jonelo samudrapu adugubhaagamlo ledhaa krinda unnadaanipai hakkudaaruniki rashtra hakkulanu istundi. norway norway conventionnu aamodinchindi), russia russia aamodinchabadindi), kenada kenada aamodinchabadindi) mariyu denmark denmark aamodinchabadindi) annee architic khandantara almaaraalaloni konni praantaalu tama ekaika saarvabhouma dopideeki lobadi undaalani vaadanalanu aadhaaramgaa chesukuni prajectulanu praarambhinchaayi.
praarambhinchaayi kenada thana tiiraala nundi uttara dhruvam varaku vistarinchi unna oka rangampai saarvabhoumaadhikaaraanni pondadaaniki "ranga suutraanni" upayoginchindi. eee daavaa vadulukoledu, conny 2013 varaku sthiramgaa ottidi cheyabadaledu.
saamskrutika sanghaalu.
konni pillala chrismus puraanaalu mariyu paaschaatya jaanapada kathalalo, bhougolika uttara dhruvam shanta class yokka puraana workshop mariyu nivaasam yokka sthaanamgaa varninchabadindi, ayithe chitranalu bhougolika mariyu ayaskanta uttara dhruvam madhya asthiramgaa unnaayi. kenada post uttara dhruvaniki tapala code h0h 0h0 nuu ketaayinchindi (shanta yokka saampradaaya aascharyokti "hoow hoow hoow!" nii suuchistumdi.").
eee anubandham hyperboria yokka puraatana rahasya puraanaalanu pratibimbistumdi, idhi uttara dhruvam, maroprapanchapu prapancha-akshanni, devudu mariyu maanavaatiita jeevula nivasamga unchutundi.
henry carbin document chesinatlugaa, uttara dhruvam sufiyism mariyu iranian aadhyaatmikata yokka saamskrutika prapancha drukpathamlo keelaka paatra poeshistumdi. "aadhyaatmikulu korukune dhorani, mana pataalalo kanipinchani dhorani, uttara disalo, uttaraaniki minchinadi."anie paerkonnaaru.
mandian vishwodbhava saastramlo, uttara dhruvam mariyu dhruvalu kaanti prapanchamtho mudipadi unnanduna pavitramainavigaa pariganinchabadataayi. praarthana chesetappudu mandeyanlu uttara disagaa untaaru, devalayalu kooda uttara disagaa untaayi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, dakshinam cheekati prapanchamtho mudipadi undhi.
daani suduurata kaaranamgaa, eee stambham konnisaarlu puraatana iranian sampradaayaaniki chendina oka marmamaina parvatamgaa gurtinchabadutundi, dheenini mount coff (jabal coff) anie pilustaaru, idhi "bhoomiki atyanta dhooramlo unna pradaesam". kontamandi rachayitala abhiprayam prakaram, muslim vishwodbhava shaastram yokka jabal coff anedi rupes nigra yokka oka roopam, dheeni aarohana, dante yokka suddheekarana parvatam ekkadam vale, aadhyaatmika sthithula dwara yaatrikula purogatini suuchistumdi. iranian siddhaantamlo, aadhyaatmika aarohanaku kendra binduvu ayina swargapu dhruvam, daani "apaartha padaarthaalatho mandutunna raajabhavanaalaku" jeevulanu aakarshinchadaaniki ayaskaantamgaa panichestundi."

