
forge

forge anedi lohalanu vaedi cheyadaaniki upayoginche oka rakamaina poyyi, ledhaa atuvanti poyyi unna karyalaya (smith). forjunu oka lohapu mukkanu forging dwara sulabhamgaa aakaram ichhe ushnogrataku ledhaa pani gattipadatam ikapai jaragani sthaayiki vaedi cheyadaaniki smith upayogistaadu. lohanni ("workpeace" anie pilustaaru) tong lanu upayoginchi forge kii mariyu daani nundi ravana chestaaru, ivi smith sutthi thoo pani chestunnappudu smith yokka yaan will meeda varkpeesnu pattukoovadaaniki kooda upayoginchabadataayi. konnisaarlu, ukkunu gattipadatam ledhaa panini challabarachadam vantippudu, daanini chetulato nirvahinchadaaniki, workpeace slack tabku ravana cheyabadutundi, idhi pedda neeti bhaagamlo varkpeesnu vaegamgaa challabarustundi. ayithe, loha rakanni batti, dheeniki badulugaa chamuru challabarachadam ledhaa uppu uppuneeru avasaram kaavacchu; aneka lohalaku saadaa neeti gattipadatam kante ekkuva avasaram. forgeloni mantalanu niyantrinchadaaniki slack tub kooda neetini andistundi.
rakalu.
boggu/coque/boggu forge.
oka forge saadhaaranamgaa bituminus boggu, paarisraamika coque ledhaa boggunu lohanni vaedi cheyadaaniki indhanamgaa upayogistundi. eee forgela roopakalpanalu kalakramena maarutuu untaayi, conny indhanam boggu, coque ledhaa boggu ayina praathamika roopakalpana alaage undhi.
eee rakamaina forge anedi tappanisarigaa mantanu niyantrinchadaaniki veelugaa roopondinchina poyyi ledhaa poyyi, tadwara agniki pravesapettina lohanni sunnitamaina sthithiki teesukuraavacchu ledhaa itara loha prabhavalanu (gattipadatam, annealing mariyu tempering udaaharanalugaa) teesukuraavacchu. eee rakamaina forgelo forge fair moodu vidhaluga niyantrinchabadutundih gaali parimaanam, indhana parimaanam mariyu indhanam/agni aakaram.
vaelaadi samvatsaraala nakilee, eee parikaraalu eee rakamaina nakilee yokka mukhyamaina lakshanaalugaa edho oka roopamlo abhivruddhi chendaih
operation samayamlo, indhanaanni poyyilo ledhaa daanipai unchi, mandistaaru. fyaan ledhaa bellos vanti kadile gaali muulam, tuerrey dwara adanapu gaalini agniloki pravesapedutundi. adanapu gaalitho, agni vaegamgaa indhanaanni viniyogistundi mariyu vaedigaa kaalipotundi (mariyu subhramgaa-poganu tappinchukune sambhaavya indhanamgaa bhaavinchavachchu).
oka kammari nirdishta rakaala panulaku anugunamgaa agnilooni indhanam mariyu gaalini samatulyam chestaadu. tarachugaa indulo agni aakaraanni sardubaatu cheyadam mariyu nirvahinchadam untundi.
oka saadhaarana boggu forgelo, oka agnimaapaka kunda oka chadunaina poyyilo kendrikrutamai untundi. tuerrey diguvana unna fairpaatloki pravesistundi. operationlo, agni yokka vaedi core firepot lopala mariyu paina mandutunna coque banthi avutundi. agni yokka gunde chuttoo vaedi pora untundi, conny mandutunna coque kaadu. kalipokunda unna coque chuttoo agni vaedi dwara kokga marchabade boggu yokka parivartana pora untundi. mottam chuttoo mudi boggu yokka ungaramu ledhaa gurrapu naala aakarapu pora untundi, saadhaaranamgaa agni yokka gunde aakaraanni nirvahinchadaaniki mariyu boggunu neerugaa kalipokunda unchadaaniki tadigaa mariyu gattiga pyaak cheyabadutundi, tadwara adhi modata coque loki "udikistundi".
pedda agni avasaramaite, smith agniloki pravahinche gaalini penchutundi alaage coque haartnu tini, lothugaa chestundi. smith pani yokka vividha aakaaraalaku anugunamgaa atuvanti forgelo agni yokka podavu mariyu vedalpunu kooda sardubaatu cheyavachu.
forge mariyu fair nundi pradhana vaividhyam ippudu vivarinchabadindi, idhi fair pott laeni 'byaak draft', mariyu tuer venuka goda nundi addamgaa poyyiloki pravesistundi.
boggunu upayoginche oke forge loe coque mariyu boggunu kaalchiveyavacchu, conny agni madhyalo unna mudi indhanaanni (boggu maadirigaa) maarchaalsina avasaram lenanduna, mantanu bhinnamgaa nirvahistaaru.
paina vivarinchina boggu nakilee nundi paipuloki vellae gottamtho neelaloo randhram varaku saralamaina nirmaanaala varaku, vyaktigata smiths mariyu pratyeka anuvartanaalu eee rakamaina vividha rakaala nakilee nirmaanaalanu prothsahinchaayi.
gyaas forgery.
gyaas forgelo saadhaaranamgaa propane ledhaa sahaja vaayuvunu indhanamgaa upayogistaaru. oka saadhaarana, samarthavanthamaina roopakalpana sthuupaakaara forge chhambar mariyu sariiraaniki saraina konamlo amarchina burner tubenu upayogistundi. gadhi saadhaaranamgaa kathinamaina castable refractory syramic ledhaa mruduvaina syramic thermal blankett (udah kaavool) vanti refractory padaarthaalatho kappabadi untundi. burner kona vadda mandey indhanam mariyu gaalini militam chestundi, idhi chhambar liningloki oka chinna maargam varaku podustundi. gaali peedanam, anduvalla vaedini yaantrika blowertho ledhaa venturi prabhavanni sadviniyogam chesukovadam dwara penchavacchu.
gyaas forgelu parimaanam mariyu nirmaanamloo maarutuu untaayi, pedda forgelu blover ledhaa aneka vaataavarana bernerlatho pedda burnernu upayoginchadam nundi coffey nundi nirminchina forgelu choukaina, saadhaarana propane tarchnu upayoginchavacchu. oka chinna forgenu oke mruduvaina agni ituka nundi kooda chekkavacchu.
gyaas forge yokka praadhamika prayojanam, mukhyamgaa anubhavam laenivaariki, vaadukalo soulabhyam. boggu forgelatho poliste gyaas forgenu nirvahinchadam sulabham, mariyu utpatti ayye agni subhramgaa mariyu sthiramgaa untundi. avi takkuva bahumukhamainavi, endukante pedda ledhaa asaadhaarana aakarapu mukkalaku anugunamgaa agnini punarnirminchalemu. oka mukkalooni chinna bhaganni vaedi cheyadam kooda kashtam. oka saadhaarana apoha emitante, gyaas forgelu forge-weldingnu praarambhinchadaaniki taginanta vaedini utpatti cheyalevu, conny baga roopondinchina gyaas forgelu edainaa paniki taginanta vaedigaa untaayi.
chakkati forge.
finery forge anedi neetitho nadiche millu, ikkada pig iron nuu chetha inumugaa suddhi chestaaru.
forging parikaraalu.
anvi.
aaa vole kammari pani chese benchugaa panichestundi, ikkada nakilee cheyalsina lohanni pani chestaaru. guddulu murikigaa mariyu bhaareega anipinchavacchu, conny avi kammari avasaralaku anugunamgaa jagrattagaa roopondinchina atyanta suddhi chesina sadhanam. onvils cast ledhaa chetha inumutho tayaaru cheyabadataayi, tool steel facenu cast ledhaa nakilee tool steel yokka oke mukkapai ledhaa welding chestaaru. konni guttalu cast inumutho matrame tayaaru cheyabadataayi mariyu tool steel faces undadu. ivi nijamaina guttalu kaavu, avi chaalaa mruduvainavi kabatti kammaruku upayogapadavu. cast iron anvilku oka saadhaarana padam "asso" ledhaa "unville aakarapu vastuvu". oka guddupai oka sadhanam ukku mukham yokka uddesyam emitante, kontamandi "rebound" anie piliche vaatini andinchadam, alaage gattiga undatam mariyu tappugaa unchina sutthi debbala nundi sulabhamgaa daddurlu veyadam kaadu. rebound anae padaaniki ardham, idhi kammari sutthi yokka kontha saktini tirigi lohamloki visurutundi, tadwara rebound lenappudu kante okesari ekkuva lohanni kadilistundi. oka manchi unville 50 nundi 99 saatam saktini tirigi varkpeesloki tirigi pradarsinchagaladu. mukham" anie piluvabade chadunaina paibhagam chaalaa palish cheyabadi untundi mariyu saadhaaranamgaa rendu randhraalanu kaligi untundi (conny roopakalpananu batti ekkuva ledhaa takkuva undavacchu). chadarapu randhraanni hardy hole anie pilustaaru, ikkada hardy sadhanam yokka chadarapu shank saripotundi. aneka rakaalaina hardy tools unnaayi. chinna randhraanni pritchell randhram anie pilustaaru, vaedi lohamlo randhraalanu guddetappudu ledhaa hardy sadhanam elaa panichestundo adhe vidhamaina saadhanaalanu pattukoodaaniki, conny 360-degreela koonaanni tippagala saadhanaala kosam, pattukondi-panimanishi yokka tong luu varkpeesnu avasaramainanta surakshitamgaa pattukolenappudu sadhanam. kaddii mundu bhaagamlo, konnisaarlu vangi, ukku geeyadaaniki mariyu aneka itara panulaku upayoginche "kommu" untundi. kommu mariyu gulika mukham madhya, tarachugaa "step" ledhaa "cutting table" anie piluvabade oka chinna praantam untundi, idhi uli mariyu vaedi cutt saadhanaalatho vaedi ledhaa challani ukkunu kattirinchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi, idhi gulika mukham debbatinakunda untundi. mukham meeda unna gurtulu kammari paniloo lopalaku marutayi.
sutthi.
kammari varkshaaplo aneka rakaala sutthi upayoginchabadutundi, conny idhi konni saadhaarana suttini matrame suuchistumdi. sutthi aakaram mariyu baruvu sagam ouns nundi daadaapu 30 poundla varaku untundi, idhi daanitoe chestunna pani rakanni batti untundi.
chizzle.
uli adhika carbon ukkutho tayaaru cheyabadutundi. avi gattipadataayi mariyu cutting edge vadda temper cheyabadataayi, ayithe thala mruduvugaa untundi kabatti sutthi vesinappudu adhi pagullu padadu. uli rendu rakalu, vaedi mariyu challani uli. challani ulini challani lohalanu kattirinchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi, vaedi uli vaedi lohalaku upayoginchabadutundi. saadhaaranamgaa, vaedi uli sannaga untaayi, anduvalla challani ulini thoo bharti cheyalemu. alaage, chaalaa mandhi smiths suttini pooli unde saadhaarana vakreekruta handlenu kaligi unnatlugaa ulini aakaram istaaru, vaatini vaedi lohala nundi ekkuva dhooramlo upayoginchavacchu. avi chaalaa upayogakaramgaa untaayi mariyu prapanchavyaaptamgaa kanipistaayi.
tong.
kammarivadu vaedi lohalanu surakshitamgaa pattukoovadaaniki tung lanu upayogistaadu. vividha lohapu aakaaraala pattukoodaaniki anugunamgaa smith vividha aakaralalo noru tayaaru cheyadam aacharam. oka kammari iravai ledhaa anthakante ekkuva jatala tanglanu kaligi undatam asaadhaaranam kaadu; saampradayakamgaa, oka smith apprenticeship samayamlo vaari sekarananu nirminchadam praarambhistaadu.
marketlo vividha rakaala tong luu andubaatulo unnaayi.
(1) chadunaina tong
(2) revate ledhaa ring tong
(3) neerugaa pedavi oodabadina tong
(4) gadh tong
marinta nindi untundi.
fularlu anevi gaadidalu ledhaa bolu tayaareeloo upayoginche vividha aakaaraala saadhanaalanu yerparustaayi. avi tarachugaa jatalugaa upayoginchabadataayi, diguva phular oka chadarapu shanknu kaligi untundi, idhi anvillooni drudamaina randhramloki saripotundi, ayithe paie fularku handle untundi. panini diguva puurti meeda unchutaaru mariyu paibhaganni pani meeda unchutaaru mariyu sutthi thoo kottutaaru. paie bhaagamlo unna phular nuu round kaarnarlanu puurti cheyadaaniki mariyu lohanni saagadeeyadaaniki ledhaa vyaapti cheyadaaniki kooda upayogistaaru.
drudhamgaa.
hardy sadhanam anedi oka chadarapu shank thoo kuudina sadhanam, idhi hardy randhramlo saripotundi. vaedi lohanni kattirinchadaaniki upayoginche vaedi cutt hardy vanti aneka rakaala hardy sadhanalu unnaayi; lohanni geeyadaaniki mariyu gaadidalanu tayaaru cheyadaaniki upayoginche puurti sadhanam; vangi unde jiggs-mariyu jabita cheyadaaniki chaalaa itara sadhanalu unnaayi.
slack tub.
slack tub" anedi saadhaaranamgaa vaedi lohanni challaarchadaaniki kammari upayoginche neetitho nindina pedda container. slack tub pradhanamgaa forging samayamlo pani yokka bhaagaalanu challabarachadaaniki (vaatini rakshinchadaaniki, ledhaa oka praantamloo lohanni "vyaapti chendakunda" unchadaaniki, udaaharanaku, sameepamloni sutthi debbalu); ukkunu gattipadataaniki; boggu ledhaa boggu forgenu nirvahinchadaaniki; mariyu sulabhamgaa tanikhi cheyadaaniki panini twaragaa challabarachadaaniki upayogistaaru. bladesmitting mariyu tool-makinglo eee padaanni saadhaaranamgaa "quench tank" gaa maarchabadutundi, endukante lohanni challabarachadaaniki noone ledhaa uppuneerunu upayogistaaru. slack anae padam vaedini tagginchadamlo vale slack anae padam nundi udbhavinchindani nammutaaru.
forging rakalu.
forgingnu vadulukondi.
drop forging anedi workpeaspy mukham meeda dye thoo kuudina bhaarii suttini padeyadam dwara lohanni sanklishta aakaraalugaa roopondinchadaaniki upayoginche prakriya.
prakriya.
varkpeesnu forge loki unchutaaru. appudu sutthi yokka prabhavam chaalaa namyaga unde vedichesina padaartham dye und dye kuharaala akaaraaniki anugunamgaa undataaniki kaaranamavutundi. saadhaaranamgaa eee bhaganni puurtigaa roopondinchadaaniki oka dye matrame avasaram. dye mukhaala madhya adanapu sthalam valla konni padaarthaalu vaipula nundi bayataku nokkabadataayi, flash erpadutundi. idhi dye haffs moosiveyadam dwara utpatti ayye teevramaina ottidiki upasamana kavatamga panichestundi mariyu taruvaata puurtayina bhaagam nundi kattirinchabadutundi.
parikaraalu.
drop forming prakriyaloo upayoginche parikaraalanu saadhaaranamgaa power ledhaa drop hammer anie pilustaaru. ivi gaali, hydralics ledhaa mechanics dwara saktini pondavacchu. yantram elaa saktini kaligi undho, raam yokka dravyarashi mariyu drop ettunu batti, striking fores 11,000 nundi 425,000 poundla varaku untundi.
upayoginche, dies mariyu guddukune sadhanalu, aneka vibhina akaaraalu mariyu parimaanaalatoe paatu padaarthaalalo vastaayi. eee aakaaraalaku udaaharanalu chadunainavi mariyu vii-aakaaramlo untaayi, ivi open-dye forging kosam upayoginchabadataayi, mariyu closed dye forging kosam upayoginche single ledhaa multiple-impression dailu. dies kosam designlu parigananaloki teesukovalasina aneka amsaalanu kaligi untaayi. avanni sarigga samalekhanam cheyabadaali, lohamu mariyu flash sarigga pravahinchelaa mariyu anni gaadulanu nimpela vaatini roopondinchaali mariyu vebbulu mariyu pakkatemukalu mariyu vidipoye rekha sthaanaaniki maddatu ivvadaaniki pratyeka parigananalu cheyali. padaarthaalanu kooda jagrattagaa enchukoovaali. padaarthaala empikalo kharchu, gattipadagala saamarthyam, adhika ottillanu thattukogala saamarthyam, vaedi rapidi, vaedi pagullu mariyu itara amsaalu untaayi. eee saadhanaala kosam upayoginche atyanta saadhaarana padaarthaalu carbon ukku mariyu konni sandarbhaallo nickel aadhaarita mishrama lohaalu.
workpeace materials.
drop forginglo saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche padaarthaalu aluminium, raagi, nickel, telikapati ukku, steinless steel mariyu magnitium. telikapati ukku uttama empika, mariyu magnitium saadhaaranamgaa drop forging materialga paelavamgaa panichestundi.
puraanaalu.
airish brigid, paschima african ogun, greeku hephestus mariyu roman valkan vanti aneka puraanaalaloo vividha devatalu mariyu devatalu eee nakileetho sambandham kaligi unnaaru.

