nihonga

nihonga (<unk>) anedi japanese shaili painting, idhi khanija varnadravyam mariyu appudappudu siraanu, pattu ledhaa kaagitampai itara sendriya varnadravyam thoo kalipi upayogistundi. eee padaanni meejee kaalamlo (1868-1912) daani pratiroopam nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki roopondinchaaru, dheenini "yoga" (chitralekhanam) ledhaa paaschaatya-shaili painting anie pilustaaru. eee padam aksharala "japan chitraalu" anie anuvadistundi.anie. 
"okakura tenshin mariyu ernest phenolosa kotta paaschaatya chitrakala shaili, "yoga" yokka perugudalaku pratispandanagaa saampradaaya japanese chitralekhanaanni punaruddharinchadaaniki prayatninchinappudu nihonga praarambhamaindi. cano paatasaala chitrakaarudu hashimoto gaho eee punaruddharana udyamam yokka aacharanaatmaka vaipu sthaapakudu. athanu saampradaaya paddhatulanu upayoginchi japanese taraha chitraalanu chithrinchadame kakunda, "yoga" yokka vaastavika vyakteekarananu cherchadam dwara saampradaaya japanese chitralekhanamlo viplavaatmaka maarpulu chesi, taruvaati "nihonga" udyamaaniki disanu nirdesinchaadu. tokyo lalita kalala paatasaalalo (ippudu tokyo university off arts) modati professorga, athanu yokoyama taikan, shimomura kanjan, hihida shunso mariyu kaway gyokudolato sahaa "nihonga" mastersga pariganinchabade aneka mandhi chitrakaarulaku sikshana icchaadu.
eee padam appatike appatike upayogamlo undhi mariyu edo kaalam chivarilo sandarbham gurinchi charcha foxwell yokka "making moderan japanese-style painting" paie monographlo kanugonabadindi. dheeniki mundu, aadhunika kaalam prarambham nundi, chitraalanu paatasaala prakaram vargeekarinchaaruh udaaharanaku, cano paatasaala, maruyama-shizo paatasaala mariyu "yamato-ii" kalaa prakriya yokka tosa paatasaala. 
charitra.
charitra tokyo lalita kalala paatasaala sthaapinchabadina samayamlo, kalaa samsthalu erpaatu cheyadam mariyu pradarsanalu nirvahinchadam praarambhinchaayi. vaari dwara, kalaakaarulu okarinokaru prabhaavitam chesukunnaru, mariyu munupati paatasaalalu vileenam ayyi kalisipoyayi. paaschaatya chitrakala yokka adanapu prabhaavamtho, neti "nihonga" udbhavinchi abhivruddhi chendindi.
meejee kaalam nundi nihonga aneka dasala abhivruddhini chavichusindi. marinta aadhunika japanese sailini abhivruddhi cheyadam dwara saampradaaya chitrakalanu punaruddharinchadaaniki prerana ekkuvagaa aneka mandhi kalaakaarulu/vidyaavettala nundi vachindi, veerilo sheokawa bunrin, noo bairi, tomioca tessoy mariyu kalaa vimarsakulu okakura tenshin mariyu ernest phenolosa unnaaru, veeru sthaanika japanese saampradaaya kalala yokka praamukhyata mariyu andaanni japaneeyulaku nokki cheppadam dwara paaschaatya samskruti patla meejee japan yokka mohanni edurkovadaniki prayatninchaaru. eee iddaru vyaktulu, mukhyamgaa aadhunika japanese kalaku pitamahudu anie piluvabade tenshin, paaschaatya shaili chitrakalatho aavishkarana mariyu samshlaeshanhatoe saampradaaya kalanu parirakshinchadamlo vijayam saadhinchaaru. "anduvalla "nihonga" anedi kevalam eee konamlo chuse paatha chitralekhana sampradaayaala konasagimpu kaadu. antekakunda, "cano-haa", "rinpa" mariyu "maruyama okyo" vanti aneka saampradaaya paatasaalala nundi saileekruta mariyu saanketika amsaalu kalisi militam cheyabaddaayi. 
thoorpu asea chitralekhana sampradaayaaniki anugunamgaa chithrinchina rekha yokka praamukhyata nundi dhooramgaa vellae prayatnamlo, drukpatham mariyu chaaya vanti konni paaschaatya chitralekhana paddhatulu avalambinchabaddaayi. samslaeshanha chese eee dhorani kaaranamgaa, "nihonga" mariyu "yoga" madhya paddhatulu ledhaa padaarthaalalo pratyaekamaina vibajananu geeyadam chaalaa kashtamgaa maarindi.
kalakarudu tenmuia hisashi (bii. 1966) 1966) "neo-nihonga" anae kotta kalaa bhavananu abhivruddhi chesaaru.
japan velupala abhivruddhi.
"nihonga" kii prapanchavyaaptamgaa followerlu unnaaru; japaanlo laeni pramukha "nihonga" kalaakaarulu hiroshi senzu, makoto fujimura mariyu kenadian miyuki tanob vanti american kalaakaarulu.
samakaaleena nihonga newyork yokka dillon gallerieki pradhana aadharam. tokyo university off artslo 1985 nundi 1993 varaku "yuddhaanantara nihonga swarna yugam" kuu chendina keelaka kalaakaarulu nihongaalo sikshana pondina prapancha kalaakaarulanu roopondinchaaru, veeru punaadigaa panicheesaaru. takashi murakami, hiroshi senzu, norihiko saito, chenn vengwang, kaizaburo okamura mariyu makoto fujimura prapanchavyaaptamgaa pradarsistunna pramukha kalaakaarulu, veerandaroo tokyo university off artslo vishishta doctorate sthaayi paatyaamsaala nundi bayataku vacchaaru. eee kalakarulalo chaalaa mandhi dillon gallery dwara praatinidhyam vahistunnaaru.
padaarthaalu.
"nihonga" nuu saadhaaranamgaa brushlanu upayoginchi "vaashi" (japanese kaagitam) ledhaa "iginu" (pattu) paie amalu chestaaru. paintings monocrome ledhaa polychrome kaavacchu. ekavarnam ayithe, saadhaaranamgaa fish bohn ledhaa jantuvula charmapu jigurutho kalipina masi nundi tayaaru chesina "sumi" (chainees sira) upayoginchabadutundi. polychrome ayithe, varnadravyam sahaja padaardhaala nundi teesukobadutundihi khanijalu, gundlu, pagadalu mariyu malachite, azurite mariyu sinnabar vanti pakshika viluvaina raallu kooda. mudi padaarthaalanu suukshmamaina nundi isuka dhanyam allikala varaku 16 sraenulugaa chuurnam chestaaru. nikawa" anie piluvabade oka daachu jiguru draavanam, eee podi varnadravyam kosam oka bandhakam vale upayoginchabadutundi. rendu sandarbhaalloonuu, neetini upayogistaaru; anduvalla "nihonga" vaastavaaniki neeti aadhaarita madhyamam. "gophan" (nayam cheyabadina gulla, clam ledhaa scallup shellatho tayaaru cheyabadina podi calcium carbonate) anedi "nihonga" loe upayoginche oka mukhyamaina padaartham. vividha rakaala "gophan" nuu groundga, under painting kosam mariyu chakkati telupu rangugaa upayogistaaru.
praarambhamlo, "nihonga" nuu vrelaadadeeyadam kosam ("cacamono"), chethi scrolls ("imakimono"), sliding talupulu ("fusema") ledhaa madata terala kosam ("baibu") tayaaru cheyabaddaayi. ayithe, chaalaa varaku ippudu chekka palakalapai vistarinchi unna kaagitampai utpatti cheyabadutunnayi, ivi framingku anukuulamgaa untaayi. nihonga paintings nuu gaaju kinda pettalsina avasaram ledhu. avi vaelaadi samvatsaraalugaa archivalga unnaayi.
saanketikatalu.
ekavarna "nihonga" loe, eee saanketikata muduru nundi thelikaina varaku sira tonela modulationpy aadharapadi untundi, idhi chetlu, neeru, parvataalu ledhaa akulanu suuchimchadaaniki buudida rangu tonela nundi nalupu varaku mariyu appudappudu aakupaccha toneluga vividha rakaala chaayalanu pondutundi. polychrome "nihonga" loe, roopurekhala uniki ledhaa lekapovataniki goppa praadhaanyata ivvabadutundi; saadhaaranamgaa pakshulu ledhaa mokkala chitrana kosam roopurekhalanu upayogincharu. appudappudu, dustulu utike yantraalu mariyu varnadravyam poralu viruddhamaina prabhavalanu andinchadaaniki upayoginchabadataayi, inca marinta appudappudu, bangaaram ledhaa vendi aaku kooda paintingloo cherchabadavachhu.

