
mccabian tirugubaatu

mccabian tirugubaatu () anedi mccabeeyulu netrutvamloni yoodula tirugubaatu, idhi cellucid saamraajyaaniki vyatiraekamgaa mariyu yoodula jeevitampai hellenistic prabhaavaaniki vyatiraekamgaa jarigindi. tirugubaatu yokka pradhana dasha cree. puu. 167-160 nundi konasaagindi mariyu judia niyantranalo unna cellucids thoo mugisindi, conny mccubbies, hellenized yoodulu mariyu cellucids madhya vivaadam cree. puu. 134 varaku konasaagindi, chivariki mccubbies swaatantryam pondaaru. 
kristupurvam 168loe yoodula mataaniki vyatiraekamgaa cellucid raaju antiocus IV epiphanes bhaarii anachiveta pracharanni praarambhinchaadu. athanu alaa cheyadaaniki kaaranam puurtigaa spashtamgaa ledhu, conny yoodula archakatvam madhya antargata sangharshananu raaju puurti sthaayi tirugubaatugaa porapatuga bhaavinchadamtho dheeniki sambandham unnatlu telustondi. yoodula acharalu nishedhinchabaddaayi, jerusalem pratyaksha cellucid niyantranalo unchabadindi, mariyu jerusalemloni rendava alayanni samakaaleekarinche anyamata-yoodula aaradhana pradaesamgaa marcharu. eee anachiveta sarigga antiocus IV bhayapadina tirugubaatunu prerepinchindi, judas mccabius (juda makkabi) mariyu athani kutumbam netrutvamloni yoodu yodhula brundam cree. puu. 167loe tirugubaatu chesi swaatantryam koorutuu. mottam tirugubaatudaarulu mccubbies anie pilavabadataaru, mariyu vaari charyalu taruvaata 1 mccubbies mariyu 2 mccubbies pustakaalalo namodu cheyabadataayi.
eee tirugubaatu yoodula graameena praantaallo gerilla udyamamgaa praarambhamaindi, pattanaalapai daadi chesi, greeku adhikaarulanu bhayapettindi, idhi pratyaksha niyantranaku dhooramgaa undhi, conny chivariki idhi balavardhakamaina cellucid nagaraalapai daadi cheyagala saraina sainyanni abhivruddhi chesindi. kristupurvam 164loe, makkabeelu jerusalemnu swaadheenam chesukunnaru, idhi gananeeyamaina prarambha vijayam. alayanni tadupari subhraparachadam mariyu 25 kislev meeda balipeetaanni tirigi ankitam cheyadam hanukka pandugaku muulam. celesids chivariki longipoyi, nishedhinchabadani judaayijamnu sweekarinchaaru, conny marinta radikal mccubbies, selesid paalanalo yoodula paddhatulanu tirigi sthaapinchadamlo santrupti chendaledu, poraatam konasaaginchaaru, celesids thoo marinta pratyaksha viramam kosam ottidi chesaaru. kristupurvam 160loe greeku general bachidsku vyatiraekamgaa jarigina elasa yuddhamlo judas mccabius maraninchaadu, mariyu celesids kontakaalam pratyaksha niyantrananu tirigi sthaapinchaaru, ayithe judas sodarudu jonathan aphus aadhvaryamlo mccubbies avasheshaalu graameena praantaala nundi pratighatinchadam konasaginchayi. chivariki, cellucids madhya antargata vibhajana mariyu vaari saamrajyamlo marekkadaina samasyalu makkabeelaku saraina swaatantryaaniki avakaasam istayi. kristupurvam 141loe, saiman thassie jerusalemloni vaari koota nundi greekulanu bahishkarinchadamlo vijayam saadhinchaadu. roman republicto pottu vaari swaatantryaaniki haamii ivvadaaniki sahaayapadindi. saiman swatantra hasmonian rajyaanni sthaapinchaadu.
raajakeeya swaatantryaanni sthaapinchadaaniki mariyu prabhutva yoodula vyatiraeka anachivetanu pratighatinchadaaniki vijayavantamaina prachaaraaniki udaaharanagaa, eee tirugubaatu yoodula jaateeyavaadampai goppa prabhavanni choopindi.
nepathyam.
kristupurvam 338 loe alegzander dhi grate pertian saamrajyampai dandayaatra praarambhinchaadu. cree. puu. 333-332 loe, alegzander yokka macedonian dalaalu levent mariyu paalastiinaanu jayinchayi. aaa samayamlo, parshiyanla kaaranamgaa babylone loe bahishkarana nundi tirigi vacchina chaalaa mandhi yoodulaku judia nivasamga undedi. cree puu 323 loe alegzander maranam taruvaata alegzander saamrajyam vibhajana samayamlo, eee bhuubhaagam tolemic egyptugaa maarindi. greeku varasudu rashtraalalo marokati, cellucid saamrajyam, cree. puu. 235-198 nundi varusa dandayaatrala samayamlo eejipt nundi judianu jayistundi. tolemic mariyu cellucid paalana rendinti samayamlo, chaalaa mandhi yoodulu coin greeku neerchukunnaaru, mukhyamgaa unnata taragati yoodulu mariyu yoodu minoritylu jerusalem nundi marinta dhooramlo unna pattanaalalo mariyu greeku vaanijya netvarklatho marinta anubandhinchabadi unnaaru. greeku taatvika aalochanalu paalastiinaa dwara kooda vyaapinchayi. grandhaala greeku anuvaadam, septuvagint kooda kristupurvam moodava sataabdamloo srushtinchabadindi. chaalaa mandhi yoodulu greeku paeru mariyu jasson mariyu joshuva vanti hebru paeru rendintitho dwandwa paerlanu sweekarinchaaru. ayinappatikee, chaalaa mandhi yoodulu babylonian bahishkarana samayamlo matlade bhasha nundi vacchina aramic bhashanu matladatam konasaaginchaaru.
saadhaaranamgaa, eee kaalamlo paalaka greeku vidhanam yoodulu tama sonta vyavaharalanu nirvahinchadaaniki anumatinchadam mariyu mataparamaina vishayaalalo bahirangamgaa jokyam chesukokapovadam. kristupurvam moodava sataabdamloo yoodamatam gurinchi raasina greeku rachayitalu ekkuvagaa sanukoolamgaa chesaaru. saamskrutika maarpu jarigindi, conny vidaesaala nundi vacchina aalochanala nundi prerana pondina yoodulache ekkuvagaa nadapabadindi; greeku paalakulu balavantapu hellenization yokka spashtamaina kaaryakramaalanu chepattaledu. kristupurvam 175loe antiocus IV epiphanes cellucids simhaasanaaniki vacchaadu, mariyu eee vidhananni maarchaledu. athanu modata eee praantaanni vyatirekinchadaaniki peddagaa aemee cheyaledani, yoodulu athani paalanalo ekkuvagaa santruptigaa unnaarani telustondi. jasson antiocusku pedda mottamlo dabbu icchina taruvaata pradhana poojaari onias III sthaanamlo athani sodarudu jaasantho antiocus IV taruvaata praamukhyata pondindi. jasson jerusalemnu swayam paalita "police" gaa maarchadaaniki anumatini kooda koraadu mariyu pondaadu, ayinappatikee jasson ootu veyagala mariyu raajakeeya padavini nirvahinchagala pourasatva jaabitaalanu niyantrinchagaladu. eee maarpulu jerusalemloni ekkuva mandhi pourula nundi etuvanti nirdishta firyadunu ventane rekettinchinatlu kanipinchaledu, bahusha athanu ippatikee praathamika yoodula chattalu mariyu siddhaantaalanu konasaginchadu. moodu samvatsaraala taruvaata, menelas anae kottavaadu pradhana poojaari padavi kosam antiocus IV kii marinta pedda lancham icchaadu. jasson, kopamgaa, antiocus IV kii vyatiraekamgaa tirigaadu; adanamgaa, lancham chellinchadaaniki menelas bangaaru aalaya kalakhandalanu vikrayinchaadani oka pukaaru vyaapinchindi, idhi asantruptiki daariteesindi, mukhyamgaa nagara mandali jasson sthaapinchinadi. eee vivaadam saamskrutikamgaa kakunda ekkuvagaa rajakeeyamgaa undedi; eee samayamlo anni vaipula "hellenize cheyabaddaayi", empika cheyabadina paalanatho santrupti chendaayi, mariyu pradhanamgaa menelas yokka avineeti mariyu apavitrata aaropanalapai vibhajinchabaddaayi. 
kristupurvam 170-168 loe, spashtamaina kaaranaala valla cellucids mariyu tolemic egyptianla madhya aarava syrian yuddham talettindi. antiocus IV egyptupai daadi cheyadaaniki sainyanni nadipinchaadu. vijayavantamaina dandayaatra tarvaata jerusalem gundaa tirigi velutunnappudu, pradhana poojaari menelas rendava aalayamloki (yoodula chattanni ullanghinchi) antiocusnu aahvaninchaadani, athanu 1800 talaantula kosam aalaya khazanapai daadi chesaadani aaropinchabadindi. tolemic raajavamsamto udriktatalu konasagayi, cree. puu. 168loe antiocus mallee dandayaatraku bayaludaeraadu. antiocus maraninchaadani oka pukaaru vinna jasson, jerusalemlo menelasku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu prayatnam praarambhinchaadu. idhi vinna, chaniponi antiocus, eee varga antargata poraataanni thana vyaktigata adhikaaraaniki vyatiraekamgaa jarigina tirugubaatugaa ardham chesukuni, jasson kutradaarulanu anichivesenduku sainyanni pampaadu. cree. puu. 168-167 nundi, sangharshana niyantrana kolpoyindi, prabhutva vidhanam samuulamgaa maarindi. jerusalemlo vaelaadi mandhi champabaddaru mariyu vaelaadi mandhi banisaluga cheyabaddaaru; nagaram rendusaarlu daadi cheyabadindi; kotta greeku governorlu pampabaddaaru; prabhutvam jasson maddatudaarula nundi bhoomini mariyu aastini swaadheenam chesukundi; mariyu jerusalemloni alayanni synchretic greek-yoodu matha samuuhamgaa marcharu, idhi bhaktulaina yoodula drushtilo kalushitam chesindi. greeku, cellucid anukuula yoodulache rakshinchabadina kotta koota, akraanu jerusalemlo nirminchaaru. antiocus IV yoodula mataanni adhikarikamga anachivestuu aadesaalu jaarii chesaadu; pourulu pandhi maamsam tinadam mariyu yoodula aahara chattanni ullanghinchadam, yoodula sabbaatlo panicheyadam, vaari kumaarulaku sunnati ivvadam maaneyadam modalainavi cheyavalasi undedi. yoodula aaraadhananu sahinche vidhanam mugisindi.
tirugubaatu.
mattathias tirugubaatunu prerepistundi (cree. puu. 167).
yoodula mataparamaina aacharaanni nishedhistuu thana uttarvulanu jaarii chesina antiocus IV taruvaata, yoodula graameena praantaallo mandiram mariyu balipeetam-nirmaanamtho jatacheyabadina bhoomini japthu chese pracharam jarigindi. modinku chendina graameena yoodu poojaari, hasmonian kutumbaaniki chendina mattathias (hebru matyahu), modin yokka kotta balipeetam vadda greeku devullanu poojinchadaaniki niraakarinchadam dwara cellucid saamraajyaaniki vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatunu prerepinchaadu. vigrahaniki bully ivvadamlo mattathias sthaanaanni teesukoovadaaniki munduku vacchina yoodunu, alaage tyaagam amalu cheyadaaniki pampabadina greeku adhikaarini mattathias champesadu. aaa taruvaata athanu balipeetaanni dhvamsam chesaadu. aaa taruvaata, athanu mariyu athani aiduguru kumaarulu modin pakkane kuurchunna sameepamloni parvataalaku paaripoyaaru.
gerilla pracharam (167-164 bce).
kristupurvam 166loe oka samvatsaram taruvaata, athani kumarudu judas mccabius (hebru juda makkabi) yoodula asammativaadula brundaaniki naayakatvam vahinchaadu, vaaru chivariki cellucid palananu vyatirekinche itara samuuhaalanu vileenam chesi sainyamgaa edigaaru. modata empika cheyabadina saktini neerugaa kottalekapoyinappatiki, judas dalaalu graameena praantaalanu aakraminchi, hellenized yoodulapai daadi cheyagaligaayi, veerilo chaalaa mandhi unnaaru. makkabeelu gramalalo greeku balipeethaalanu dhvamsam chesaaru, baluranu balavantamgaa sunnati chesaaru, gramalanu tagalabettaaru, hellenized yoodulanu vaari bhoomi nundi tarimikottaaru. judas yokka maaruperu "makkabi", ippudu yoodula pakshapaatulanu mottam vivarinchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi, idhi "sutthi" kosam hebri padam nundi teesukobadindi; "makkabi" ledhaa "mccubbies" anae padaanni kooda judas sodarulaku gourava suuchakamgaa upayoginchaaru.
graameena praantaallo judas yokka dandayaatra puurti sthaayi tirugubaatugaa maarindi. mccabian dalaalu vegam mariyu chalanaseelatanu nokkicheppe gerilla vyuuhaalanu upayoginchaayi. takkuva sikshana pondina mariyu pitch yuddhaalaku takkuva sannaddhata kaliginappatikee, mccabeelu vaaru yea yuddhaalanu nirvahinchaalo niyantrinchagalaru mariyu bedirinchinappudu aranyamloki tirogaminchagalaru. vaaru cree. puu. 167loe lebona adhirohana yuddhamlo mariyu cree. puu. 166loe beth horon yuddhamlo rendu chinna seleucid dalaalanu oodinchaaru. kristupurvam 165loe vesavi chivaralo, antiocus IV thana saamrajyam thoorpu bhaagamlo babyloniaku bayaludaeraadu, mariyu paschima bhaagaaniki baadhyata vahinche lysiasnu rajapratinidhigaa vidichipettadu. kontakaalam tarvaata, mccabies emmouse yuddhamlo marinta gananeeyamaina vijayanni saadhinchaaru. vargaalu raajee kosam charchalu jarapadaniki prayatninchaayi, conny viphalamayyayi; tirugubaatunu anachiveyadaaniki pedda sainika dalaanni pampaaru. kristupurvam 164loe beth jurr yuddham taruvaata, alaage pertialo antiocus IV maraninchina vaarta taruvaata, selecusid dalaalu syriaku tirigi vachayi. makkabeelu vijayavantamgaa jerusalemloki pravesinchaaru. vaaru rendava alayanni aacharabaddhamgaa subhraparichaaru, akkada saampradaaya yoodula aaraadhananu punaruddharinchaaru; 25 kislev, hebru calenderlo prakshaalana thedhee, taruvaata hanukka panduga praarambhamayye teedeegaa maarindi. antargata empika vyavaharalalo nimagnamaina regent lysias, yoodula acharalapai antiocus IV yokka nishedhaanni upasamharinchukunna raajakeeya raajeeki angeekarinchaadu. idhi telivaina nirnayamgaa niroopinchabadindih chaalaa mandhi hellenized yoodulu tama mataanni anachiveyadam valla tirugubaatuku jagrattagaa maddatu icchaaru. nishedham upasamharinchukovadamtho, vaari mataparamaina lakshyalu neraveraayi, mariyu hellenized yoodulu marinta sulabhamgaa mallee sambhaavya empika chesina vidheyulugaa maaravacchu. ayithe, makkabeelu tama lakshyalanu puurti cheyaledani bhaavinchi, greeku prabhavam mariyu puurti raajakeeya swaatantryam nundi marinta kathinamaina viramam kosam tama pracharanni konasaaginchaaru. phalitamgaa tirugubaatudaarulu mitavaadula maddatunu kolpoyaru.
nirantara poraatam (163-160 bce).
tirugubaatudaarulu ippudu jerusalem mariyu daani parisaraalapai niyantranalo undatamtho, tirugubaatu rendava dasha praarambhamaindi. tirugubaatuku adanapu vanarulu, adanapu baadhyatalu kooda undevi. parvataalaku tirigi vellagalige badulu, tirugubaatudaarulaku ippudu rakshinchadaaniki bhuubhaagam undhi; cellucid anukuula dalaalanu mallee niyantranaloki teesukoovadaaniki anumatinchinatlayithe nagaralanu vidichipettadam vaari vidheyulanu prateekaaraaniki terichi unchutundi. anduvalla, vaaru adanapu sikshana pondina bhaarii padaatidalamtoe bahiranga yuddhaalanu gelavagalagadampai drushti pettaru. graameena praantaallo, mukhyamgaa yoodu prajalu minoritylo unna suduura praantaalalo, takkuva sthaayi himsa, prateekaaraalu mariyu hatyala poura poraatam talettindi. yoodulu yetara idumianlu, ammoneeyulu mariyu galileanlatho pooraadataaniki yoodaaku velupala unna eee praantaalaku dandayaatralanu praarambhinchaaru. athanu bhaktulaina yoodulanu niyaminchi, vaarini rakshinchagala thana mitrulanu kendreekarinchadaaniki vaarini yooduku pampaadu, ayinappatikee saranaarthula eee pravaham tvaralo mccabies aaa desamlo aahara korata samasyalanu srushtistundi.
kristupurvam 162loe, judas jerusalemloni balavardhakamaina akra kotanu sudeerghamgaa muttadinchadam praarambhinchaadu, ippatikee dheenini cellucid vidheyulaina yoodulu mariyu greeku dalam niyantristunnaayi. antiochlo prathyarthulatho vyavaharinchina raajapratinidhi lysias, cellucid dalaalaku sahayam cheyadaaniki sainyamtho judiaku tirigi vacchaadu. cellucids beth-jurr nuu muttadinchi, etuvanti poraatam lekunda swaadheenam chesukunnaru, endukante idhi oka paadu samvatsaram mariyu aahara sarafaraalu takkuvagaa unnaayi. vaaru taruvaata beth zekariah yuddhamlo yoodaa dalaalatoe bahiranga poraatamlo poraadaaru, cellucids makkabeelanu oodinchaaru. judas tammudu eliazar avaran yuddha enugupai dhairyamgaa daadi chesi, naligipoyi yuddhamlo maraninchaadu. aaa taruvaata lysias sainyam jerusalemnu muttadinchindi. rendu vaipula aahara sarafara takkuvagaa undatam mariyu thoorpu praavinsula nundi antiokiaku tirigi vacchina raajakeeya pratyarthi gurinchi vacchina nivedikalato, lysias tirugubaatudaarulato oka oppandampai santakam cheyaalani mariyu yoodula vyatiraeka uttarvulanu raddu cheyadaanni dhruveekarinchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu; badulugaa, tirugubaatudaarulu cellucid akraanu muttadinchadam maanesaaru. lysias mariyu athani sainyam antiochku tirigi vacchaaru, provins adhikarikamga saantiyutamgaa undhi, conny hellenized yoodulu ledhaa makkabeelu tama aayudhalanu pettukoledu.
cree. puu. 1 nundi edho oka samayamlo, yoodulaku sayodhyaku maroe sangnagaa, lysias, dveshinchina pradhana poojaari menelousenu uriteeyaalani aadesinchaadu. kontakaalam tarvaata, kotta seleucid raaju ayina demetrius ii sotartho vaarasatva poraatamlo odipoyina taruvaata regent lysias mariyu 11 yella raaju antiocus V iddaroo uriteeyabaddaaru. kristupurvam 162 chivara nundi kristupurvam 161 prarambham varaku sheethaakaalamlo, modati demetrius menelas sthaanamlo kotta pradhana poojaari aalasimasnu niyaminchaadu mariyu alassimus sthaavaraanni amalu cheyadaaniki general bachids netrutvamloni sainyanni pampaadu. judas yuddham ivvaledu, bahusha beth zekariah vadda odipoyina taruvaata kooda punarnirmaanam chesaadu. alsimus jerusalemloki aamodinchabaddadu, mariyu menelas kante selucid anukuula vargaaniki mitavaada hellenistlanu sameekarinchadamlo marinta prabhaavavantamgaa niroopinchabaddaadu. ayinappatikee, makkabeelu mariyu hellenized yoodula madhya himsaatmaka udriktatalu konasagayi. bachids syriaku tirigi vacchaadu, kotta general nicanore judia sainika governorga niyaminchabaddaadu. niconnor mariyu mccubbies madhya kontakaalam paatu sandhi jarigindi, conny twaralone adhi vichchinnamaindi. niconnor aalayamlo daivaduushanha chesi, daanini tagalabettutaanani bedirinchinatlu nivedikalu veluvadina taruvaata mccubbies patla dweshaanni pondaadu. niconnor thana dalaalanu rangamloki dinchi, modata coffer-salama vadda, aapai kristupurvam 161 sheethaakaalam chivaralo adasa yuddhamlo makkabeestho poraadaadu. niconnor poraatamlo praarambhamloonae champabaddadu, athani migilina sainyam taruvaata paaripoyindi.
judas roman republicto charchalu jaruputuu, sambhaavya maddatu yokka aspashtamaina oppandaanni pondaadu. idhi deerghakaalamlo selecusid saamraajyaaniki heccharikagaa unnappatikee, swalpakaalikamgaa idhi pratyeka aandolana kaliginchaledu, endukante judian asaantini nirnayaatmakamgaa anachiveyagaligithe romanlu jokyam chesukune avakaasam ledhu.
elasa yuddham (cree. puu. 160).
kristupurvam 160loe, cellucid raaju modati demetrius tirugubaatudaarulaina timarkasto pooraadataaniki thoorpuna dandayaatraku vellaadu. saamrajyam yokka paschima bhaganni paripaalinchadaaniki athanu thana general bachidsnu vidichipettadu. svayampratipattini penchukoodaaniki mundu, eee asthiramaina praavinsnu tirigi swaadheenam chesukovalane uddesyamto rendava dandayaatralo 20,000 padaatidalam mariyu 2,000 aswikadalamtho kuudina sainyanni bachids judiyaaloki nadipinchaaru. tirugubaatu sainyam entha parimaanamlo vaarini edurkontondo vivadaspadamga undhi; elasa vadda yoodaa sainyam chinnadani, andulo 3,000 mandhi purushulu matrame pooraadataarani 1 makkabeelu nammasakyam kaani vidhamgaa paerkonnaaru. nijamaina sankhyalu ekkuva mariyu bahusha 22,000 mandhi sainikulu undavacchani charitrakaarulu anumaanistunnaaru, otamini vivarinche prayatnamlo rachayita vaari balaanni takkuvagaa chuupaaru.
geleelilo oochakotha jaripina taruvaata cellucid sainyam judia gundaa kavaatu chesindi. eee vyuuham judasnu bahiranga yuddhamlo pratispandinchamani balavantam chestundi, tadwara nishkriyaatmakata valla athani keerti debbatintundi mariyu bhavishyattulo jarige hatyala nundi prajalanu rakshinchadaaniki athanu merugaina sthithilo unnaadani cheppukovadam dwara alsimus vargam balapadutundi. bachids jerusalem vaipu munduku sagaga, judas cellucid sainyanni addukovadaniki elasa vadda kathinamaina bhoobhaagamlo shibiram vaesaadu. adasa vadda nikaanorpai vijayam saadhinchinatle, kamaandarnu champalane aasatoe judas cellucid sainyam yokka kudi paarshwampai daadi cheyadaaniki enchukunnadu. kudi vaipuna unna unnata gurrapu sainikulu venakki taggaaru, tirugubaatudaarulu vembadinchaaru. ayithe, idhi bachids nundi vacchina oka vyuuham kaavacchu, ayithe, balaheenatagaa natinchi, makkabeelanu chuttumutty odinchagala chotiki lagadam, vaari sonta tirogamanam nilipiveyabadutundi. adhi uddeshapoorvakamgaa jariginda ledhaa anae daanitoe sambandham lekunda, cellucids tama erpaatunu tirigi pondaaru mariyu tirugubaatu sainyanni vaari swantha edama paarshvamtho bandhinchaaru. chivariki judas champabaddadu mariyu migilina yoodulu paaripoyaaru.
cellucids jerusalemlo tama adhikaranni tirigi dhruveekarinchaaru. bachids bhoomi antataa balavardhakamaina nagaralanu nirminchaadu, jerusalemlo mitraraajyaala greeku-snehapoorvaka yoodulanu niyaminchaadu mariyu manchi pravartanaku hamiga pramukha kutumbaala pillalanu bandeelagaa unchela chushadu. judas tammudu jonathan aphus (hebru yonaton) makkabeelaku kotta nayakudu ayyadu. jonathan sodarudu zaan gaddi nabatialo oka missionloo unnappudu pattubadi champabadinappudu oka kotta vishaadam hasmonian kutumbaanni taakindi. jonathan kontakaalam bachids mariyu athani dalaalatoe poraadaadu, conny chivariki iddaroo kaalpula viramana kosam oppandam chesukunnaru. kristupurvam 160loe bachids syriaku tirigi vacchaadu.
swayampratipatti (160-138 bce).
makkabeelu nagaraalapai niyantrana kolpoinappatiki, vaaru cree. puu. 160-153 nundi graameena praantaallo pratyarthi prabhutvaanni nirminchinatlu telustondi. makkabeelu selyuusidlatoe pratyaksha sangharshananu nivaarinchaaru, conny antargata yoodula poura poraatam konasagindi tirugubaatudaarulu taginantagaa greeku vyatiraekulugaa pariganinchabade yoodulanu vedhinchaaru, bahishkarinchaaru mariyu champaru. 1 mccubbies prakaram, "eee vidhamgaa izrael nundi katthi aagipoyindi. yonathan michmashlo sthirapadi prajalaku teerpu cheppadam praarambhinchaadu; ishraayelu nundi daivabhaktulu laenivaarini naasanam chesaadu."cellucids varusa poura yuddhaalalo, cellucid rajavamsa yuddhaalalo antargata pooraatamlooki pravesinchinanduna makkabeesku avakaasam ivvabadindi. simhaasanaaniki empika chesina pratyarthi hakkudaarudiki vaari dalaalannii vaerae chota avasaram, mariyu itara hakkudaarudiki saadhyamayye mitrulanu niraakarinchaalani kooda korukunnadu, tadwara makkaabeelaku labhanni andinchaadu. 153-152 BCE loe, jonathan mariyu demetrius I madhya oka oppandam kudirindi. alegzander balas nundi vacchina savaalunu raaju demetrius edurkonnadu, mariyu beth-jurr mariyu jerusalem minaha, yoodiyaaloni balavardhakamaina pattanaalu mariyu rakshana dalaala nundi empika chesina dalaalanu upasamharinchukovadaaniki angeekarinchaadu. bandeelanu kooda vidudala chesaaru. judiapai seleucid niyantrana balaheenapadindi, aapai marinta balaheenapadindi; alegzander balas marinta merugaina beraanni andinchina taruvaata jonathan ventane modati demetriusnu mosam chesaadu. alegzander jonathanku pradhana poojaari mariyu "vyuuhaalu" anae birudunu manjuru chesaaru, mukhyamgaa hellenist vargam kante makkabi vargam empika cheyaboye nayakulaku marinta sambandhita mitrapakshamani angeekarinchaaru. jonathan dalaalu kristupurvam 150 loe yuddhamlo maraninchaboye modati demetrioustho poradayi.
cree. puu. 152-141 nundi, tirugubaatudaarulu aadhipatyam maadirigaane anadhikaarika svayampratipattini saadhinchaaru. eee bhoomi seleucid saamrajyamlo "chattabaddhamgaa" bhaagamgaa undedi, conny konasagutunna antaryuddhaalu makkabeelaku gananeeyamaina svayampratipattini icchaayi. jonathan kuu athani sahaayaaniki badulugaa sainyanni nirminchadaaniki mariyu nirvahinchadaaniki adhikaarika adhikaram ivvabadindi. eee kaalamlo, jonathan yokka chattabaddhamaina sainyalu eee antaryuddhaalalo poradayi mariyu mitraraajyaala empika nayakula maddatunu konasaaginchadaaniki sarihaddu poraataalu chesaayi. eee kaalamlo cellucids sainyanni tirigi judiyaaloki pampaaru, conny jonathan daanini tappinchukoni, chivariki cellucid hartlandku tirigi vachhe varaku yuddhanni niraakarinchaadu. kristupurvam 143loe, tirugubaatu praantampai niyantrananu punarudghaatinchadaaniki bahusha aasaktigaa unna raajapratinidhi diodotus triphone, jonathannu oka samavesaniki ahvaninchadu. samavesam oka ucchu; jonathan sodarudu saiman abhyardhinchina vimochana krayadhanaanni penchi, bandeelanu pampinappatikee, jonathan pattubadi uriteeyabaddaadu. eee droham mccubbies yokka kotta nayakudu saiman thassie (hebru simeon) mariyu diodotus triphone yokka pratyarthi mariyu cellucid simhaasanaaniki hakkudaarulaina demetrius II nicator madhya pottuku daariteesindi. cree. puu. 142loe demetrius II, judiaku daani swaatantryaanni angeekaristuu, pannula chellimpu nundi minahaayimpu icchaadu. jerusalemloni cellucid sthaavaram mariyu dalam, akra, chivaraku beth-jurr vadda migilina cellucid dalam maadirigaane, saantiyutamgaa saiman niyantranaloki vachindi. kristupurvam 141 loe saiman pradhana poojaarigaa niyaminchabaddaadu, conny athanu cellucid raaju niyaminchadam kante yoodu prajala prasamsalu dwara alaa chesaadu. jonathan mariyu ippudu saiman iddaroo roman republicto dautya sambandhaalanu konasaaginchaaru; romanlu greeku rashtraalanu balaheenaparachadaaniki mariyu vibhajinchadaaniki aasaktigaa unnanduna cree. puu. 139loe roman adhikaarika gurtimpu vachindi. eee kotta hasmonian-roman kootami kooda judas mccabius yokka aspashtamaina oppandam 22-23 kante chaalaa gattiga cheppabadindi. pratyarthi empika paalakula madhya konasagutunna kalahalu kotta rashtram yokka adhikaarika swaatantryaaniki prabhutva pratispandananu kashtataram chesaayi. kotta cellucid raaju antiocus VII sidets tama paraspara satruvu diodotus triphone vembadinchetappudu saiman dalaala nundi sahayam andinchadaaniki niraakarinchaadu mariyu kappam mariyu sarihaddu pattanaalaina joppa mariyu gajara niyantrananu saiman vadulukovalani demand chesaadu. kristupurvam 139 mariyu 138 madhya edho oka samayamlo sendebius anae sainyaadhipati aadhvaryamlo antiocus VII sainyanni judiaku pampaadu, conny adhi tippikottabadindi.
hasmonian nayakulu ventane tamanu taamu "raaju" anie pilavaledu ledhaa racharikanni sthaapinchukoledu; saiman tananu taanu kevalam "naasi" (hebrulo, "prins" ledhaa "president") mariyu "ethnork" (coin greeklo, "governor") anie pilichevaadu.
paryavasanalu.
kristupurvam 135loe, saiman mariyu athani iddaru kumaarulu (mattathias mariyu judas) jerikolo jarigina vindulo athani alludu, aboobus kumarudu tolemy chetha hatya cheyabaddaaru. mattathias yokka aiduguru kumaarulu ippudu saiman maranamlo thana sodarulato kalisi, tadupari taraaniki naayakatvaanni vadili vellipoyaaru. saiman moodava kumarudu zaan hircanus izrael pradhana poojaari ayyadu. kristupurvam 134loe raaju antiocus VII vyaktigatamgaa jerusalempai daadi chesi muttadistaadu, conny hircanus vimochana krayadhanam chellinchi, joppa, gajara nagaralanu appaginchina taruvaata, cellucids saantiyutamgaa vellipoyaaru. sangharshana mugisindi, mariyu hierconus mariyu antiocus VII oka kootamilo cheraayi, antiocus aalayamlo gouravapradamaina tyaagam viraalamgaa icchaaru. upasamanam mariyu viraalam kosam, antiocus VII nii krutagnatato kuudina prajalu "eusabs" ("pavitramaina") gaa suuchistaaru. aadhipatyam kluptamgaa tirigi sthaapinchabadina taruvaata, pertialo jarigina thana dandayaatralalo antiocus VII kii sahayam cheyadaaniki judia dalaalanu pampindi. kristupurvam 129loe antiocus VII maranam taruvaata, hasmonianlu ksheenistunna cellucid saamrajyam yokka avasheshaalaku sahayam ledhaa kappam ivvadam maanesaaru. zaan hircanus mariyu athani pillalu saiman kante ekkuva adhikaranni kendrikarincharu. hierconus kumarudu modati aristobulus tananu taanu "basilius" (raaju) anie pilichadu, raajakeeya vishayalanu pradhana poojaari nirvahinchadam anedi taatkaalika erpaatu anae natnalanu vidichipettadu. hasmonianlu tama adhikaaraaniki muppu kaliginchavacchani bhaavinchina council ledhaa "gerussia" loe bahishkarinchabadina nayakulu. peddala mandali-kontamandi dheenini mahasabhaku purvagaamigaa bhaavistaaru-raacharikampai swatantra tanikheegaa nilichipoyindi. mccabian tirugubaatu vijayam taruvaata, hasmonian raajavamsam nayakulu judiyaaloni chuttupakkala praantaalaku, mukhyamgaa alegzander janneyas aadhvaryamlo tama vijayanni konasaaginchaaru. cellucid saamrajyam dheenini aapadaniki chaalaa antargata asaantiki guraindi, mariyu tolemic eejipt ekkuvagaa snehapoorvaka sambandhaalanu konasaaginchindi. jerusalemloni hasmonian kortu hellenic samskruti mariyu bhasha nundi padunaina viramam ivvaledu, yoodu sampradaayaalu mariyu greeku sampradaayaala mishramtho konasaagindi. vaaru greeku paerlatoe pilavabadatam konasaaginchaaru, vaari nanelapai hebru mariyu greeku rendintinee upayoginchaaru, mariyu greeku kirai sainikulanu niyaminchukunnaaru, conny judialo yooda mataanni praamukhyata sthaanaaniki punaruddharinchaaru mariyu tirugubaatu samayamlo molakettina yoodu jaateeyavaadam yokka kotta bhavanni pempondinchaaru.
eee raajavamsam kristupurvam 37 varaku konasaagindi, aaa samayamlo goppavaadiki naayakatvam vahinchi, bhaarii roman maddatunu upayoginchi, chivari hasmonian palakudini oodinchi roman client raaju ayyadu.
vyuuhaalu mariyu saanketikata.
rendu vaipula hellenistic sainika kuurpu mariyu vyuuhaalu prabhaavitamayyaayi. praathamika hellenistic yuddha moharimpulo madhyalo bhaarii padaatidalam, paarsvaalalo aswikadalam mariyu mundanjalo kadile kotlatalu undevi. atyanta saadhaarana padaatidala ayudham sarissa, macedonian paik. sarissa oka saktivantamaina ayudham; idhi rendu chetullo pattukuni, goppa paridhini kaligi undhi (sumaru ~ 6.3 meterlu), pratyarthulaku sarissa-nadipe padaatidalaaniki chendina falanksnu surakshitamgaa cherukovadam kashtataram chesindi. hellenistic aswikadalam kooda konchem chinnavi ayinappatikee paiklanu upayoginchindi. selyuusidlaku bharatadesam nundi digumati chesukunna sikshana pondina yuddha enugulu kooda andubaatulo undevi, ivi tama mandapati charmalalo sahaja kavachanni dharinchi, pratyarthi sainikulanu, vaari gurralanu bhayapettagalavu. arudugaa, vaaru kattitoe kuudina rathaalanu kooda upayoginchevaaru. 
sainika parimaanam paramgaa, gouravaneeyamaina charitrakaarudu polybius kristupurvam 165loe, antiocus IV nirvahinchina cellucid rajadhani antiokia sameepamlo 41,000 mandhi paadachaarulu mariyu 4,500 mandhi aswikadalam gala sainika kavaatu jarigindani nivedinchaaru. eee sainikulu thoorpuna oka dandayaatralo pooraadataaniki siddhamavutunnaaru, judialo kaadu, conny vaari saamrajyam yokka paschima bhaagamlo paalakulu avasaramaina chota moharinchagala saamarthyam unna mottam dalaala parimaanaanni sthuulamgaa anchanaa vestunnaru, sthaanika sahayakulu mariyu rakshana dalaalatoe sahaa. antiocus IV thana sainyam parimaanaanni, cellucid treasuryki kharchu petti, adanapu kirai sainikulanu niyaminchadam dwara penchinatlu telustondi. ayithe, aaa kavaatulo chaalaa mandhi dalaalu yoodula tirugubaatunu anachiveyadam kante empika chesina naayakatvaaniki marinta mukhyamaina vishayaalapai moharinchabadataayi, mariyu vaarilo kontha bhaagam matrame tirugubaatu yuddhaalalo palgone avakaasam undhi. ayithe, vatiki sthaanika selecusid-anubandha sainika dalaalu mariyu rakshana dalaalu anubandhamgaa undavacchu. 
makkabeelu oka gerilla dalamgaa praarambhinchaaru, idhi parvata bhoobhaagamlo chinna unit poraatamlo prabhaavavantamaina saampradaaya aayudhalanu upayoginchindih vilukaallu, slingerlu mariyu katthi mariyu kavachamtho saayudhamaina telikapati padaatidala peltastulu. taruvaati rachayitalu makkabeelanu saadhaarana prajalu akramamga poraadutunnatlugaa srungaarabharitamgaa chitreekarinchaaru, conny makkabeelu chivariki cellucids maadirigaane nilabadi unna sainyaniki sikshana icchaaru, hellenic-shaili bhaarii padaatidala falancs, gurrampai kuurchunna aswikadalam mariyu muttadi aayudhaalatho puurti chesaaru. ayithe, ekkuvagaa chekka sarissaanu tayaaru cheyadam tirugubaatudaarulaku sulabham ayinappatikee, vaari shareera kavacham takkuva naanhyata kaligi undedi. greeku taraha loha kavachanni tayaaru cheyagala lohaalu mariyu hastakalaakaarula korata kaaranamgaa vaaru saadhaarana tholu kavachanni upayoginchaaru. tolemic eejipt mariyu pergaman vanti cellucids kuu satruvaina deshaalalo pravaasa yoodulu swachchanda sevakulagaa chaeri, vaari swantha sthaanika pratibhanu tirugubaatu sainyaniki teesukuvacchaarani oohinchabadindi.
kalakramena tirugubaatu dalaalu perigayi. tirugubaatu praarambhaaniki sameepamlo yoodaa sainyamlo 6,000 mandhi purushulu, beth jurr yuddhamlo 10,000 mandhi purushulu mariyu elasa vadda otami samayaniki bahusha 22,000 mandhi sainikulu unnaaru. aneka yuddhaalalo, sikshana mariyu parikaraalalo koratanu bharti cheyadaaniki tirugubaatudaarulaku sankhyaaparamaina aadhipatyam undavacchu. jonathan pradhana poojaarigaa mariyu governor gaa selecusid paalakulu chattabaddham chesina taruvaata, hasmonianlaku niyaamakaaniki sulabhamgaa praapyata undedi; kristupurvam 139 loe 20,000 mandhi sainikulu sendebiusnu tippikottinatlu nivedinchabadindi.
tirugubaatulo ekkuva bhaagam konda mariyu parvata bhoobhagalalo jarigindi, idhi yuddhanni klishtataram chesindi. parvata pooraataaniki sikshana pondina cellucid falanxes nindina lothattu nirmaanaalatoo poliste okadaanikokati kontha ekkuva dhooramlo poraadataayi mariyu konchem chinnaviga conny marinta yuktigaa chese roman-shaili paiklanu upayogistaayi.
rachanalu.
asalu charitralu.
modati makkabeelu mariyu rendava makkabeela deuterocononical pustakaalu, alaage josephus yokka "yoodu yuddham" mariyu "yoodu puraatana vastuvula" yokka pustakam XIII mariyu XIIIi manugadalo unna atyanta vivaranaatmaka samakaaleena rachanalu. rachayitalu niswartha pakshalu kaadu; mccubbies pustakaala rachayitalu makkabeesku anukuulamgaa unnaaru, eee sangharshananu daivikamgaa manjuru cheyabadina pavitra yuddhamgaa chitreekarinchaaru mariyu judas mariyu athani sodarula hodaanu veerochita sthaayiki penchaaru. polchi choosthe, josephus thana rachanala greeku anyamata paatakulanu baadhapettadaaniki ishtapadaledu, mariyu mccubbies patla sandigdhata kaligi unnadu.
1 mccubbies pustakam chaalaa varaku nammadaginadigaa pariganinchabadutundi, endukante idhi hasmonianla paalana praarambhamlo, bahusha zaan hircanus paalanalo oka pratyaksha sakshi rasinatluga kanipistundi. daani yuddhaala chitranalu vivaranaatmakamgaa mariyu khachitamainavigaa kanipistaayi, ayinappatikee idhi devuni sahayam mariyu judas pratibhanu baga nokki cheppadaniki, nammasakyam kaani pedda sankhyalo empika chesina sainikulanu chitreekaristundi. eee pustakam sanghatanalapai daani sampadakiya vampulo hasmonian raajavamsam pracharamga kooda panichestundi. hasmonianla kotta paalana daani swantha antargata satruvulu lekunda ledhu; pradhana poojaari padavini pradhana poojaari sadok vaarasulu tarataraalugaa aakramincharu. yaajakula vamsam (kohenlu) kuu chendina hasmonianlanu kondaru durakramanadaruluga bhaavinchaaru, sadok nundi raaledu, mariyu modata oka cellucid rajutho oppandam dwara matrame padavini chepattaru. anduvalla, hasmonianla charyalu paatha grandhamlooni nayakulaku anugunamgaa unnayani, vaaru devuni kotta empika chesina mariyu neethimanthulaina paalakulu anie eee pustakam nokki chebutundi. udaaharanaku, "vaaru yoodaa, athani sodarula maata vinaledu" anie joseph, azaria anae itara commanderlu edurkonna otamini idhi tosipuchindi. conny vaaru ishraayeluku vimochanam icchina aaa vyaktula kutumbaaniki chendinavaaru kaadu."
2 mccubbies anedi jasson off sairin anae rachayita kolpoyina aidu-valuemla rachana yokka oka teliyani eejiptu yoodu yokka sankshipta roopam. idhi 1 mccubbies nundi pratyaekamaina pani, daani konasagimpu kaadu. 1 mccabies kante 2 mccabies pratyaksha mataparamaina drushtini kaligi unnaaru, 1 mccabies kante ekkuva pramukhamgaa sanghatanalaku devudu mariyu daivika jokyaniki ghanata istaaru; idhi itara hasmonianla kante vyaktigatamgaa judas meeda kooda drushti pedutundi. idhi rendava aalayampai pratyeka drushtini kendrikarinchindihi pradhana poojaari sthaanampai vivaadaalu, menelas dwara greeku-yoodula mishramamgaa kalushyam, chivariki daani prakshaalana mariyu aalayamlo niconnor bedirimpulu. 2 makkabeelu kooda judia velupala makkabeela kaaranaanni teesukune prayatnaanni suuchistaaru, endukante idhi eejiptu yoodulu mariyu itara pravaasa yoodulanu aalaya subhrapariche vedukanu (hanukka) jarupukovadaniki mariyu judas makkabeesnu gowravinchadaaniki prothsahistundi. saadhaaranamgaa, 2 makkabeelu 1 makkabeela kante shanti mariyu sahakaram yokka avakaasaalanu marinta sanukoolamgaa chithreekaristaaru. 1 mccubbies loe, yoodulu modata vaarini sainikaparamgaa oodinchi, kriyaatmaka swaatantryaanni saadhinchadamlo palgonna empikadaarulato gouravapradamaina oppandam kudurchukovadaniki ekaika maargam. inca greeku paalanalo nivasinchina eejiptu yoodula prekshakula kosam uddesinchina 2 mccubbies loe, saantiyuta sahajeevanam saadhyamaindi, conny aparthalu ledhaa ibbandi kaliginchevaaru yoodulanu rakshanaatmaka charyaku balavantam chesaaru.
tirugubaatu jarigina rendu sataabdaalaku paiga josephus raasaaru, conny flavian raajavamsam roman chakravartulato athani sneham antey itara panditulu oohinchani vanarulanu athanu pondagaligaadu. josephus thana charitralaku 1 makkabeesnu thana pradhana moolaalalo okatigaa upayoginchinatlu telustondi, conny greeku charitrala nundi cellucid saamrajyam yokka sanghatanala parignaanamtho paatu teliyani itara muulaalatoe dheeniki anubandhamgaa undhi. josephus charitrakaarulu polybius mariyu strabo rachanalatho paatu damascus yokka nicolus yokka ekkuvagaa kolpoyina rachanala gurinchi suparichitudu.
daniel.
daniel pustakam kristupurvam 165 loe tirugubaatu prarambha dasalalo vraayabadinatlu telustondi, chivariki idhi hebri baibil mariyu kraistava paatha nibandhanalo cherchabadutundi. eee pustakam nepathyam 400 samvatsaraala kritam babylonelo undagaa, eee pustakam tirugubaatu samayamlo judialo paristhitiki saahitya pratispandana ("sitz imm leben"); rachayita rahasya kaaranaala valla ledhaa sensors nundi pariseelananu nivaarinchadaaniki neepadhyaanni taralinchadaaniki enchukunnaaru. himsanu edurkovadamlo sthiramgaa undaalani idhi daani paatakulanu korutundi. udaaharanaku, babylonian raaju nebuchadnezzar raaju yokka goppa aaharaanni tinamani thana aasthaanaanni aadesistaadu; pravakta daniel mariyu athani sahacharulu kosharnu unchutaaru mariyu kuuragaayalu mariyu neeti aaharaanni tintaaru, ayinappatikee raaju sabhikulandari kante aarogyamgaa untaaru. sandesam spashtamgaa undih antiocus aadesaanni dhikkarinchandi mariyu yoodula aahara chattanni paatinchandi. raaju picchivaadavutaadani daniel anchanaa vestaadu; antiocus yokka birudu, "epiphanes" ("devuniche ennukoobadinadi"), athani satruvulu "epimanes" ("picchivaadu") gaa egataali chesaaru, mariyu athanu vichitramaina alavaatlanu konasaginchevadu. daniel mariyu yoodulu maranaaniki bedirinchabadinappudu, vaaru daanini prasaantamgaa edurkontaaru, chivariki rakshinchabadataaru, idhi antiocus IV kuu yoodula vyatiraekataloe oka sambandhita sandesam.
daniel pustakamloni chivari adhyayalalo bhavishyattu yokka apocalyptic darsanaalu unnaayi. 400 samvatsaraala kritam pravachanam dwara vaari vijayam oohinchabadindani bhaktulaina yoodulaku hrudayapuurvakamgaa teliyajeyadam rachayita yokka uddeshaalalo okati. daniel yokka tudi drushti antiocus epiphanesnu "uttaraaniki raaju" gaa suuchistumdi mariyu egyptulo thana rendava dandayaatralo romanlache tippikottabadi avamaaninchabadatam vanti athani munupati charyalanu vivaristundi, conny uttara raaju "thana mugimpunu cherukuntaadu". adanamgaa, uttaraadi raaju aadhvaryamlo maraninchina vaarandaruu punaruddharinchabadataaru, baadhitulaku pratiphalam istaaru, ayithe abhivruddhi chendina vaaru sigguku, tiraskaaraaniki guravutaaru. daniel nundi teesina pradhana chaaritraka vastuvulu uttaraadi raaju alayanni heyamaina nirjanatato apavitram chesi, aalayamlo rojuvaaree bully ayina tameednu apadam, rendava aalayamlo maarpula gurinchi 1 mariyu 2 mccubbies looni chithranalatho ekibhavistayi. 
sambandhita panulu.
itara rachanalu kaneesam mccabian tirugubaatu dwara prabhaavitamainatlu kanipistaayi, veetilo judit pustakam, moshe nibandhana mariyu enoch pustakamloni bhagalu unnaayi. judit pustakam anedi oka chaaritraka navala, idhi vipareetamaina sainika muppuku vyatiraekamgaa yoodula pratighatananu vivaristundi. samaantaraalu daniel vale kathinamgaa laenappatikee, daani anachiveta yokka konni chitranalu antiocus himsa dwara prabhaavitamainatlu anipistaayi, udaaharanaku general holopherns punhyaksheetraalanu koolchiveyadam, pavitra thotalanu narikiveyadam mariyu raaju kakunda anni aaraadhanalanu naasanam cheyadaaniki prayatninchadam vantivi. kathalooni kathaanaaika ayina judit kooda "judas" anae stree roopaanni kaligi undhi. moshe yokka nibandhana, daniel pustakam maadirigaane, tirugubaatuku daariteesina yoodula vaikhariki sakshyanni andistundihi idhi himsanu vivaristundi, daivaduushanhaku paalpadina nayakulanu mariyu poojaarulanu sahakaruluga khandistundi, amaraveerula dharmalanu prasamsistumdi mariyu anachivetadaarulapai devuni prateekaaraanni anchanaa vestundi. eee nibandhana saadhaaranamgaa cree. sha. modati sataabdamloo vraayabadindani bhaavistaaru, ayithe idhi chaalaa mundugaane, mccabian ledhaa hasmonian yugamlo vrayabadi, taruvaata modati sataabdam CE naveekaranalato jodinchabadi undavacchu. idhi puurtigaa cree. sha. modati sataabdamloo vrayabadinappatiki, idhi bahusha antiocus IV paalana anubhavam dwara prabhaavitamai undavacchu. hanoku yokka prarambha adhyaayaala pustakam kristupurvam 300-200 chuttoo vraayabadindi, conny kalakramena noah yokka muttaata ayina hanoku adhikaranni prerepistuu kotta vibhagalu jodinchabaddaayi. oka vibhagam, "vaaraala apocalypse", kristupurvam 167 loe, antiocus himsa praarambhamaina ventane vraayabadindani oohinchabadindi. daniel maadirigaane, vaaraala apocalypse himsa dasha varaku prapancha charitranu vivarinchina taruvaata, neethimanthulu chivariki vijayam saadhistaarani, pratighatananu prothsahistaarani idhi anchanaa vestundi. hanokuloni maroka vibhagam, "kalala pustakam", tirugubaatu kaneesam paakshikamgaa vijayavantam ayina tarvaata vrayabadi undavacchu; idhi tirugubaatu sanghatanalanu pravachanaatmaka kala darsanaala roopamlo chitreekaristundi.
ayinappatikee chaalaa aasaktini aakarshinchina marinta anischitamaina rachana emitante, mrutha samudrapu chuttalalo bhaagamaina kumran habakkuk vyakhyanam. kumran matha samajam jerusalemloni hasmonian matha sthaapanatho manchi sambandhaalanu kaligi ledhu, mariyu pradhana archakatvaaniki jadokit vaarasatvaaniki anukuulamgaa undani nammutaaru. vyakhyanamu ("pesher") oka "neethimanthudaina guruvu" nuu vaari padavi nundi anyayamgaa tarimikottina paristhitini vivaristundi mariyu oka "dushta poojaari" mariyu "abaddhapu vyakti" (bahusha adhe vyakti) dwara bahishkarinchabadataadu. eee birudula venuka unna vyaktula gurtimpugaa aneka mandhi vyaktulanu pratipaadinchaaru; cree. puu. 159loe alsimus maranam taruvaata pradhana poojaari padavini nirvahinchina vaaru neethimanthudaina guruvu, bahusha jadocite anie oka siddhaantam chebutondi. eee vyakti kooda unikilo unte, jonathan aphus, athani makkabi sainyam mariyu selecusid raaja hakkudaaru alegzander balasto athani kotta kootami maddatutoe cree. puu. 152loe pradhana poojaari padavini chepattesina taruvaata vaaru tama sthaanaanni kolpoyaru. anduvalla, dushta poojaari jonathan ayi untaadu, mariyu aaa yugamloni kumran samajam hasmonian swaadheenaaniki mataparamaina vyatiraekatanu kaligi undedih modati saaraamsam. pani thedhee teliyadu, mariyu itara panditulu dushta poojaari yokka saadhyamaina gurtimpulugaa ververu abhyardhulanu pratipaadinchaaru, kabatti jonathantho gurtimpu anedi oka avakaasam matrame, ayinappatikee oka chamatkaaramaina mariyu aamodayogyamainadi.
taruvaata vislaeshanha mariyu charitra.
mccubbies yokka modati mariyu rendava pustakaalalo, makkabeen tirugubaatu saamskrutika anachivetaku mariyu videshee saktiki jaateeya pratighatanaku saamuuhika pratispandanagaa varninchabadindi. tirugubaatu puurtayina tarvaata vraayabadina eee pustakaalu yoodula madhya aikyatanu prothsahinchaayi; vaaru vaarini chattaviruddhamainavi mariyu avineetiparulugaa pilavadam tappa, narakapraayamaina varganni takkuvagaa vivaristaaru, mariyu sangharshanhalo vaari auchityam mariyu saktini takkuvagaa chuuputaaru. hellenistlu balaheenamgaa unnaarani, prabhavanni kaligi undataaniki selecusid sahayampai aadhaarapadataarani chaalaa mandhi panditulu ippatikee eee praathamika chatraanni angeekaristunnappatiki, eee abhiprayam appati nundi savaalu cheyabadindi. punarvimarsavaadula drushtilo, nayakulu mariyu pratinaayakulu iddaroo yoodulu ekkuva mandhi yoodulu pradhana poojaari menelasnu hellenize cheyadaaniki jagrattagaa maddatu icchaaru; hellenist yoodula ottidi kaaranamgaa matrame antiocus IV yokka saasanaalu vachayi; mariyu eee tirugubaatunu graameena praantaallooni sampradaayavaada yoodulu mariyu nagaraalloni hellenize chesina yoodula madhya poura yuddhamgaa baga ardham chesukunnaru, appudappudu matrame empika chesina jokyam. 1937loe elias bickerman eee pratyaamnaaya drukpathaanni praachuryamloki tecchina ghanata saadhaaranamgaa undhi, martin hengel vanti itara charitrakaarulu eee vaadananu konasaaginchaaru. udaaharanaku, josephus yokka vruttaantam thana yoodula vyatiraeka uttarvulanu jaarii cheyadaaniki antiocus IV nii oppinchinanduku menelasnu neerugaa nindistundi. pradhana poojaarigaa menelas sthaanamlo vacchina alsimus, cellucids neerugaa kakunda 1 mccubbies loe bhaktulaina yoodula oochakotanu prerepinchinanduku nindinchabaddaadu. mccabeelu swayamgaa hellenistulatho kooda pooraadutaaru mariyu bahishkaristaaru, chaalaa spashtamgaa akra nundi tudi bahishkaranalo, conny munupati graameena praantaallo kooda hellenist-snehapoorvaka yoodula tobiad vamsaaniki vyatiraekamgaa pooraadutaaru.
saadhaaranamgaa, panditula abhiprayam emitante, hellenistic charitrakaarulu pakshapaatam kaligi undevaarani, conny pakshapaatam anedi vaastavaalanu mitimeerina vakreekarinchadaaniki ledhaa kalpitamgaa roopondinchadaaniki daariteeyaledani, pakshapaatam tolaginchabadina tarvaata avi ekkuvagaa nammadagina vanarulu. ayithe, praathamika charitrala viswasaneeyatanu marinta dookudugaa tagginchadaaniki moggu chuupina punarvimarsavaada panditulu unnaaru. daniel aarr. cree. puu. 1 nundi jerusalempai antiocus IV yokka prarambha daadulu swachchamaina dvesham valla kaadani, 1 mccubbies varninchinatlugaa, ledhaa 2 mccubbies varninchinatlugaa aparthalu (mariyu chaalaa mandhi panditulu angeekaristaaru), conny charitraku kolpoyina praamaanikamaina tirugubaatunu anachiveyadam, endukante hasmonianlu tamanu taamu vijayam saadhinchagala saamarthyam kaligi unnaarani matrame chuupimchaalani korukunnaru. silvi honigman, mataparamaina anachiveta yokka chitranalu tappudova pattinchevi mariyu bahusha abaddhamani vaadinchaaru. kristupurvam 168loe perigina pannulapai sthaanika ashanti taruvaata yoodulu poura hakkulanu kolpovadam anedi paripalana siksha anie, eee poraatam praathamikamgaa aardhikamgaa undani, kevalam mataparamgaa venukaku tirigi chusukuni nadichedani aame abhiprayanni munduku tecchaaru. muulaala naitikata vampu antey hellenistlu chesina daivaduushanha charyalanu vaaru chitreekarinchadaanni chaaritrakamgaa viswasinchalemani kooda aame vaadinchaaru. udaaharanaku, antiocuscu lancham ivvadaaniki menelas aalaya naalaalanu dongilinchaadane vaadana kevalam rendintinee chattaviruddham cheyadame lakshyamgaa undhi. menelas antiocusku chesina petitionpy kristupurvam 164loe eee alayanni punaruddharinchaarani, mccubbies dwara vimukti pondhi, tirigi ankitam cheyaledani zaan maa vaadinchaaru. eee abhiprayalu pakshika maddatunu aakarshinchayi, conny kotta ekaabhipraayamgaa maaraledu. muulaala yokka marinta pratyaksha pathanaala yokka aadhunika rakshakulu atuvanti namodu cheyani prajaadarana pondina tirugubaatuku aadharalu sannaga nundi unikilo levani udaharinchaaru. puraatana mariyu aadhunika nayakulu chaalaa mandhi spashtamgaa mataparamaina aandolanala dwara prerepinchabaddanduna, ayomaya kaaranaala valla antiocus IV jaathi-mataparamaina himsanu praarambhinchaledani bhaavinchadam eee vimarsalo oka chaaritraka vaikhari.
taruvaati panditulu mariyu puraavastu saastravettalu aaa kaalam nundi vividha kalakhandalanu kanugoni samrakshinchaaru mariyu vaatini vislaeshimchaaru, ivi pustakaalaloni vividha amsaala sambhaavyata gurinchi charitrakaarulaku teliyajesaayi. iteevali udaaharanalaku, oka stale ("helidorus stale") 2007loe kanugonabadindi mariyu ardham cheyabadindi, idhi kristupurvam 178 naatidi, mariyu tirugubaatuku mundu yugamlo empika chesina prabhutva niyaamakaalu mariyu vidhaanaaniki antardrushtini istundi. jerusalemlo 2007-2015 nundi icchina parking sthalam travvakam akraaku sambandhinchina aadhaaraalanu kanugondi; idhi akra yokka vidhi gurinchi josephus yokka khaataa (athanu daanini koolchivesinatlu paerkonnaadu) mariyu 1 mccubbies khaataa (idhi kevalam aakraminchabadindi) madhya kanipinche vairudhyaanni parishkarinchavacchu.
vaarasatvam.
yoodula panduga hanukka selyuusidlapai judas mccabius vijayam saadhinchina taruvaata alayanni tirigi ankitam cheyadaanni jarupukuntundi. rabbinik sampradaayam prakaram, vijayavantamaina makkabeelu oka chinna kappu noonenu matrame kanugonagaligaaru, adhi seal kaaranamgaa swachchamgaa mariyu kalushitam kakunda undipoyindi, mariyu daanilo oka roeju menoranu nilabettukovadaaniki taginanta noone matrame unnappatikee, adhi adbhutamgaa enimidi rojula paatu konasaagindi, appatiki marinta chamuru sekarinchabadindi. hasmonian rajyam yugamlo, hanukkanu pramukhamgaa jarupukunnaru; idhi tirugubaatu vijayam mariyu hasmonian paalakula chattabaddhatanu gurtuchese "hasmonian swaatantrya dinotsavam" gaa panichesindi. pravaasa yoodulu kooda dheenini jarupukunnaru, yoodula saamuuhika gurtimpu bhavananu pempondinchaaruh idhi kevalam yoodula yoodulake kakunda yoodulandarikee vimukti dinam. phalitamgaa, hanukka shaashwata hasmonian palananu adhigaminchindi, ayithe samayam gadichekoddi daani praamukhyata taggindi. hanukka 20va sataabdamloo kotta praamukhyatanu pondindi mariyu makkabeelalo daani muulaalapai aasaktini tirigi rekettinchindi.
adasa yuddhamlo yoodula vijayam vaarshika pandugaku kooda daariteesindi, ayithe idhi hanukka kante takkuva praamukhyata mariyu gurthundipoyindi. cellucid general niconnor otamini 13 adar naadu "yome niconnor" gaa jarupukuntaaru.
baadhaakaramaina kaala vyavadhi apocalypse yokka sailini nirvachinchadaaniki mariyu yoodula apocalypticismnu penchadaaniki sahaayapadindi. daniel pustakamlo pavitra nagaramaina jerusalempai daadi chesina antiocus IV vanti dushta nirankusa paatranu chithreekarinchadam, taruvaata roman paalanalo eudia yokka saadhaarana amsamgaa maarindi, idhi kreestu virodhi kraistava bhavanalaku dohadapadutundi.
antiocus krinda yoodulapai himsa, mariyu mccubbies pratispandana, daivika bahumatulu mariyu sikshalaku sambandhinchi yoodula aalochanaa vidhanalalo kotta pokadalanu prabhaavitam chesi srushtistaayi. munupati yoodula rachanalalo, devuni patla bhakti mariyu chattaniki kattubadi undatam jeevitamlo bahumatulu mariyu sikshalaku daariteesindihi paatinchevaadu abhivruddhi chendutaadu mariyu avidheyata vipattuku daariteestundi. antiocus IV yokka himsa eee bodhanaku neerugaa viruddhamgaa undih modatisaarigaa, yoodulu yoodula chattanni ullanghinchadaaniki niraakarinchinanduna khachitamgaa baadhapaddaaru, anduvalla atyanta bhaktulaina mariyu gamaninche yoodulu ekkuvagaa baadhapaddaaru. dheeni phalitamgaa, vaari bhusambandhamaina jeevitamlo badhapadina vaariki taruvaata bahumati ivvabadutundani soochinche saahityam, udaaharanaku chanipoyina vaari bhavishyat punarutthaanam gurinchi vivarinche daniel pustakam, ledhaa 2 mccubbies, antiocus kinda oka mahila mariyu aame eduguru kumaarula amaraveerulanu vivaramgaa vivarinchadam, conny vaari maranam taruvaata vaariki bahumati ivvabadutundi.
chaalaa mandipai koddimandi" vijayam saadhinchina eee tirugubaatu, utsaahavantula vanti bhavishyat yoodula pratighatana udyamaalaku preranagaa panichesindi. eee taruvaati tirugubaatlalo atyanta prasiddhamainavi CE loe modati yoodu-roman yuddham (dheenini "goppa tirugubaatu" anie kooda pilustaaru) mariyu CE nundi vacchina baar kochba tirugubaatu. eee tirugubaatlu viphalamaina taruvaata, mccabian tirugubaatu gurinchi yoodula vivarana marinta aadhyaatmikamgaa maarindi; badulugaa idhi saayudha saktitoe kuudina swatantra yoodula raajakeeya vyavastha kosam aacharanaatmaka pranaalikala kante, hanukka mariyu devuni adbhutam yokka kathalapai drushti pettindi. samayam gadichekoddi makkabeelu kooda takkuvagaa charchinchabaddaaru; eee yoodula otamula taruvaata, vaaru tannaim rachanalaina mishnah loe arudugaa kanipistaaru. tirugubaatu taruvaata hasmonianla taruvaati paalanapai rabbineela asantrupti kooda dheeniki dohadapadindi; mccabian kaalamlo kathalu spashtamgaa sett cheyabadinappatiki, hasmonian line yokka heero-aaraadhananu nivaarinchadaaniki judas paerunu spashtamgaa tolaginchaaru. makkabeela pustakaalu yoodula sampradaayamlo takkuvagaa chuupabaddaayi mariyu bahishkarinchabaddaayi mariyu yoodula tanakh (hebru baibil) loe cherchabadaledu; madhyayuga yugamlo makkabeelanu soochinche marinta kala mariyu saahityaanni srushtinchedi kraistavulu, endukante makkabeela pustakaalu catholic mariyu orthodox baibil kaananlo cherchabaddaayi. karolingian yugamlo madhyayuga kraistavulu makkabeelanu shouryaaniki mariyu nighthood yokka prarambha udaaharanalugaa bhaavinchaaru, mariyu makkabeelanu taruvaati madhya yugaalalo crusadela samayamlo anukarinchadaaniki pavitra yodhulugaa aahvaninchaaru. 14va sataabdamloo, judas makbeyas tommidi yogyatalalo cherchabaddaadu, idhi nites vaari pravartananu modal cheyadaaniki shouryaaniki madhyayuga udaaharanalu.
yoodula rachayitalu mariyu kalaakaarulu makkabeelanu swaatantryam mariyu vijayaniki udaaharanalugaa nilabettinanduna, sataabdaala taruvaata 19va sataabdamloo mariyu 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo makkabeelanu takkuvagaa chuupadam savaluga maarindi. aaa yugamloni yoodu jaateeyavaada pratipaadakulu mccubbies vanti gatha sanghatanalanu, saadhyamaina vatiki aasaajanaka suuchanagaa, noothana geonist udyamaanni prabhaavitam chestu chuusaaru. 1896loe erpadina british geonist samsthaku arder off ancient mccabians anie paeru pettaru, yoodula creeda samstha makkabi varald union vaari paeru meeda paeru pettindi. eee tirugubaatu naataka rachayitalu, yaa 'cove kahan mariyu moshe shameer natakalalo kanipistundi. aadhunika izrael raashtramloni vividha samsthalu tamaku taamu makkabeelu mariyu hasmonianla paeru pettukuntaayi ledhaa vaarini gouravistaayi.
bahya linkulu.
[[vargammakkabian tirugubaatu| ]]
[[vargamh160 BC sangharshanhalu]]
[[vargamhasmonian raajyamlo cree. puu. 2va sataabdam]]
[[vargamh2va sataabdapu cree. puu. yoodamatam]]
[[vargamkoyel-siriya]]
[[vargamyoodula tirugubaatlu]]
[[vargamyoodula matha jaateeyavaadam]]
[[vargamsaamraajyaalaku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatlu]]
[[vargamaeshiyaaloo tirugubaatlu]]
[[vargammata aadhaarita yuddhalu]]
[[vargamslusid saamraajyamtho kuudina yuddhalu]]
[[vargampraacheena izrael yuddhalu]]
[[vergamantiocus IV epiphanes]]

