
kaaranam yokka grahanam (harkheimer)

eclipse off reason anedi maaks harkheimer raasina 1947 pustakam, dheenilo rachayita naajeelanu vaari ejendaanu "sahetukamainadi" gaa elaa anchanaa veyagaligaaro charchinchaaru, conny zaan davy yokka vyaavahaarikasattaavaadaanni samasyaatmakamainadigaa kooda gurtinchaadu, endukante athanu tarkam yokka vaayidya koonaaniki praadhaanyata icchaadu.
saaraamsam.
paaschaatya tatvasaastram yokka charitralo tarkam yokka bhaavanatho harkheimer vyavaharistaadu. athanu nijamaina kaaranaanni hetubaddhatagaa nirvachistaadu, idhi svaechchaayutamaina, vimarsanaatmaka aalochana vaataavaranamloo matrame pempondinchabadutundi. athanu lakshyam, aatmaasraya mariyu vaayidya kaaranaala madhya vyatyaasaanni vivaristaadu mariyu manam modati nundi kendram gundaa mariyu rendodaaniki vellaamani paerkontaadu (aatmaasraya mariyu vaayidya kaaranam daggaragaa anusandhaaninchabadi unnappatikee). oka charya sarainadi ledhaa tappu anie nirdesinche saarvatrika satyaalatoe vastunishtha kaaranam vyavaharistundi. idhi oka khachitamaina bhavana, mariyu prapanchamlo nirdishta pravartana reetulu avasaramayye oka shakti. hetubaddhamaina bodhanashaktilo drushti saadhanaala kante chivaralapai untundi. aatmaasraya kaaranam anedi kaaranam yokka nairoopya bhavana, mariyu pradhanamgaa saadhanaalapai drushti pedutundi. pratyekinchi, charya yokka uddesyam yokka sahetukamaina swabhaavam asambaddhamainadi-lakshyalu vishayam yokka uddesyaanni matrame andistaayi (saadhaaranamgaa sweeya-purogati ledhaa samrakshana). eee sandarbhamlo "sahetukamainadi" gaa undatam antey oka nirdishta prayojanam kosam saripovadam, "vaeraedaaniki manchidi" gaa undatam. kaaranam yokka eee amsam vishwavyaaptamgaa anugunamgaa untundi, mariyu sulabhamgaa bhavajaalaanni andistundi. sadhana kaaranamlo, kaaranam yokka ekaika pramaanam daani kaaryaacharana viluva ledhaa uddesyapooritatvam, mariyu dheenitho, satyam yokka aalochana kevalam aatmaasraya praadhaanyatapai aadharapadi untundi (anduvalla aatmaasraya kaaranamtho sambandham). 
aadhunika tatvasaastram yea vidhamaina ardham ledhaa lakshya hetubaddhatanu tiraskarinchi, saanketikatanu praarambhinchae sthaayiki aatmaasraya hetubaddhatanu ekkuvagaa samardhinchindani harkheimer vaadinchaaru. tatvasaastramlo vastunishtha hetubaddhata ksheenatanu yaantrika prapancha drukpatham, mohabhangam mariyu jeevinche ledhaa sampoorna swabhaavampai nammakam ksheenatatoo ayana anubandhistaaru. samakaaleena taatvika aalochanaa vidhaanaala vistruta shrenini ayana khandinchinappatiki, eee pokadalu pratyakshavaadamlo saaramsamgaa unnayani harkheimer nokkichepparu, eee padaanni ayana vistrutamgaa nirvachinchaaru. 
endukante aatmaasraya/sadhana kaarana niyamaalu, samajam yokka aadarsaalu, udaaharanaku prajaasvaamya aadarsaalu, vastunishtha satyaalapai aadhaarapadataaniki badulugaa prajala "aasaktulapai" aadharapadi untaayi. ayinappatikee, objective kaaranam daani muulaalanu kaaranam (greeku bhaashalo "logos") loe kaligi undani horkheimer angeekaristaadu. ayana mugistuu, ghnaanoodayam mariyu medho purogati dwara manam dushta saktulu, rakshasulu mariyu yakshinulalo, andha vidhi-sankshiptamgaa, bhayam nundi vimukti-loe andhavishwaasam nundi manishini vimukti cheyadaanni ardham chesukunte, prastutam kaaranam anie pilavabade daanini khandinchadam anedi manam andinchagala goppa seva.
prabhavam.
saamaajika anachiveta sahaja paryaavaranam mariyu maanava swabhaavam yokka anachivetanu korutundani "kaarana grahanam" loe horkheimer vaadana paryaavarana streevaadamlo taruvaati parinaamaalanu prabhaavitam chesindi.