
rhinecopherous ferruginius

paam veevil rhinecopherous ferruginius anedi redd paam veevil, asean paam veevil ledhaa sago paam veevil anie piluvabade rendu jaatula mukku beetillo okati. vayojana beatles saapekshamgaa peddavi, podavainavi, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa tuppu pattina erupu rangu-conny aneka rangu vaividhyaalu unnaayi mariyu tarachugaa vividha jaatulugaa vargeekarinchabaddaayi (udhaa.zii., aarr. durbalatvam "). veevil larvalu thaati chetla trunklalo podavaina randhraalanu tavvagalavu, tadwara balaheenapadi chivariki host mokkanu champutayi. phalitamgaa, kobbari thaati, kharjuram mariyu thaati noonetho sahaa thaati thotalalo veevil oka pradhana tegulugaa pariganinchabadutundi.
modata ushnamandala asea nundi, erra thaati veevil africa mariyu airopaku vyaapinchindi, 1980laloe madhyadhara praantaaniki cherukundi. idhi modatisaarigaa 1994loe speyinlo mariyu 2006loe fraanslo namodu cheyabadindi. adanapu infestations malta, itali (tuscany, sisily, campania, sardinia, lazio, marche, puglia mariyu liguria), crotia mariyu montenegrolalo unnaayi. idhi chaalaa varaku portugal antataa, mukhyamgaa dakshinaana baga sthirapadindi. idhi moraco, tunia mariyu itara uttara africa deshaalalo kooda sthaapinchabadindi. veevil modatisaarigaa americalo janavari 2009loe curacolo nivedinchabadindi mariyu adhe samvatsaram arubaalo kanipinchindi. idhi 2010 chivarilo united stateslo california looni lagunaa beach vadda nivedinchabadindi, conny idhi daggari sambandham unna jaatula yokka tappudu gurtimpu, "r. durbalatvam, "mariyu adhi sthaapinchabadaledu.
rhinecopherous ferruginius" larvalanu aagneya asea vantakaalalo ruchikaramainaviga pariganistaaru. ayithe, konni praantaalalo, thotala pantala sambhaavya vinaasanaanni nivaarinchadaaniki larva vyavasayam khachitamgaa nishedhinchabadindi.
vargeekarana.
pradhanamgaa vaati shrenulalo aneka rangu roopaalu undatam valla, erra thaati veevils yokka vargeekarana mariyu vargeekarana avagahana mariyu chuttukolatalo aneka maarpulaku guraindi. saahityamlooni samacharanni praathamikamgaa jeevabhoogola saastraanni batti rendu jaatulaku vartinche dayta sankalanamgaa chuudaali; tadanugunamgaa, adhika sankhyaaka prachuranalu bahusha "r" nii suuchistaayi. durbalatvam" kante ferruginius, modatidi chaalaa vistrutamgaa invasive gaa untundi. 1966loe iteevali jaathi-sthaayi savarana erra thaati veevil yokka rendu jaatulanu gurtinchindi, "ferruginius" mariyu "vuleratus", mariyu dasabdaluga veetini pratyeka taxaga ardham chesukunnaru. 2004loe oka janyu adhyayanam "durbalatvam" anedi "ferruginius" nundi bhinnamgaa ledani nirdhaarinchindi, mariyu vaatini paryayapadaluga pariganinchindi, idhi 2013 varaku aamodinchabadina oka abhiprayam, marinta samagramaina bhougolika namuunaa aadhaaramgaa maroka janyu adhyayanam vyatiraeka nirdhaaranaku vachinappudu. tadanugunamgaa, samyukta rashtraallo kanipinchina "erra thaati veevil" jaathi "ferruginius" kante "durbalatvam", ayinappatikee rendodi anni itara prapancha parichayaalalo aakramana jaathi.
pampinhee.
paridhi.
eee jaatula sthaanika shrenilo bangladesh, kambodia, chaina, bharatadesam, japan, lavos, pakistan, phillippeans, srilanka, taiwan mariyu vietnam unnaayi; indonesia, malaysia, mayanmar, singapur mariyu thailand nundi vacchina recordulu ekkuvagaa ledhaa pratyaekamgaa "aarr" nii suuchistaayi. durbalatvam ". "aarr. ferruginius ippudu albania, algeria, aruba, bahrain, bosnia mariyu herzegovina, croatia, curasavo, cyprus, eejipt, france (sahaa) nundi nivedinchabadindi mariyu nirdhaarinchabadindi. coursica), grease, izrael, italii (include. sisily mariyu sardinia), jordan, kuwait, libya, malta, monaco, montenegro, moraco, omaan, palestine, portugal (sahaa. madeera), khatar, soudhi arabia, slovenia, speyin (include. baleric mariyu connery dheevulu), siriya, tunia, turkey mariyu united arab emirates. australia, papuva nyuu ginia, samova, solaman dheevulu mariyu vaanuvaatu nundi vacchina recordulu dhruvikarinchabadaledu mariyu avi "aarr" yokka namoonalugaa unde avakaasam undhi. billinatus, "eee praantaaniki chendina sthaanika jaathi.
atidhulu.
eee jaathi erra thaati veevil 19 thaati jaatulapai daadi chesinatlu nivedinchabadindi mariyu idhi prapanchamlone atyanta ghoramaina tegulu. aagneya asealo kobbari meeda veevil modata nivedinchabadinappatiki, idhi gatha rendu dasabdaluga aneka madhyapraachya deshaalalo kharjurampai pattu saadhinchi, taruvaata africa mariyu airopaku vistarinchindi. eee vistarana kalushitamaina praantaala nundi sankraminchani praantaalaku sankraminchina naatadam padaartham yokka kadalika kaaranamgaa jarigindi. madhyadhara praantamloo, erra thaati veevil kooda "phoenix conariensis" nuu teevramgaa debbateestundi. prastutam, prapancha kobbari pandinche deshaalalo daadaapu 15 saatam mariyu thaati pandinche deshaalalo daadaapu 50 saatam eee tegulu unnatlu nivedinchabadindi.
r" yokka anni telisina atidheyulu. cabie isc muulaala nundi sankalanam chesina ferruginius "areka kaatechu", "aregaa pinnata", "borasus flabellifer", "bria armata", bii. edulis, "butia kapitata", "calamus merilli", "cariota kamingii", c. garishtamgaa, "c. uranes, "chamaropes humilis", "cocos neusifera", "corifa umbraculifera", sii. utan, "elice ginensis", "hovy firsteriana", "zubia chillensis", "livistona chinensis", l. decora, "metroxylone saagu", "phoenix conariensis", p. doctilifera "(kharjuram)", p. sylvestries, "roystona regia", "sabal palmetto", "trachycorpus fortuni", "washington philiphera", mariyu "doubleu. robusta ". prayogasaala adhyayanalu "kittali americana" mariyu "sakaram afisinaram" aahaarampai purugulanu penchaayi, conny eee phalitaalu adavilo gamaninchabadaledu. itara saagu pantala kante veevil kharjuram yokka 'sukarii' saagu mokkanu ishtapadutundani aadharalu unnaayi.
thaati jaatulu "doubleu. philiphera mariyu chameraps humilis rendoo erra thaati veevil kuu madhyastamgaa nirodhakatanu kaligi undavacchu, ayithe rendoo atidheyulugaa telisinavi.
jeevita chakram.
eee veevil saadhaaranamgaa iravai samvatsaraala kante takkuva vayassu unna arachetulanu prabhaavitam chestundi. vayojanulu aaharam ivvadam dwara kontha nashtanni kaligistundagaa, thaati gundeloki larvalanu visireyadam valla chetla maranaalu ekkuvagaa sambhavistaayi. vayojana aada aracheti kireetamlo kotta perugudalapai, yuva aakula adugubhaagamlo ledhaa mokkapai bahiranga gayalalo sumaru rendu vandala gudlu pedutundi. guddu tellani, kaalu laeni larvaga maarutundi. larva mruduvaina fibers mariyu terminal moggalanu tintundi, chettu yokka antargata kanajaalam dwara sumaru oka nela paatu sorangam chestundi. larva appudappudu podavu varaku peragavacchu. kukkapillala pempakam samayamlo, larva chettunu vadili, chettu adugubhaagamlo aaku chettalo podi thaati peetalatho nirminchina guudugaa erpadutundi. mottam jeevita chakram sumaru 3 nundi 4 nelalu padutundi.
andotpatti.
phaladeekaranam taruvaata, vayojana aada 300 nundi 500 gudlu pettagaladu. avi aaharam kosam vetukutunnappudu vaaru utpatti chesina randhraalalo untaayi, ledhaa iteevala kattirinchina arachetiloni pagullu ledhaa gayalanu sadviniyogam chesukuntaayi. andotpatti samayamlo, aadavi paiki vangi, andotpatti kanajaalaanni kathinamaina thaati kanajaalamloki nettadaaniki moodava jatha kaalla vennemukalatoe kanajaalaaniki langaru vestaayi. veyadam taruvaata, aada gudlu chuttoo vaegamgaa gattipadutunna sraavamtho gudlanu rakshistundi mariyu bhadraparustundi. sagatuna, aadavi prati clutchku 210 gudlanu utpatti chestaayi, veetilo ekkuva bhaagam 3 rojula vyavadhilo podugutaayi. gudlu telupu, sthoopaakaaramlo, niganigalade, andaakaara aakaaramlo mariyu kolatato untaayi. eee gudla venuka bhaagamlo pratyeka 'gill cover' nirmaanaalu untaayi, ivi abhivruddhi chendutunna purugulaku oxygennu andistaayi.
larva.
navjata larva pasupu-telupu, vibhajinchabadina, kaalu laenivi, mariyu sariiramlooni migilina bhagala kante muduru godhuma rangulo unde chittinus head capsule kaligi untaayi. avi saktivantamaina kshitija samaantara sankuvu davadalanu kaligi untaayi, veetini avi aakula akshaala nundi kireetam varaku burra cheyadaaniki upayogistaayi, akkada avi vipareetamgaa tintaayi. larva abhivruddhi puurtayina tarvaata, larva konnisaarlu chettu yokka trunk nundi bayataku vastundi, mariyu aracheti lopala galleryla nundi sekarinchina peepal cases fibernu nirmistundi. larva appudu vayojanulaloki roopaantaram chendutundi. larva kooda thaati mokkala adugubhaagamlo ledhaa mokka yokka adugubhaagamlo madhyalo oka pupal kesnu neyutundi.
peddavaallu.
vayojana purugu oka adbhutamaina flyer mariyu chaalaa dhooram prayaaninchagaladu. vaaru ippatike itara ottillatho prabhaavitamaina ledhaa balaheenapadina arachetulapai daadi cheyadaaniki ishtapadataaru, ayithe avi aarogyakaramaina arachetulanu valasarajyaluga chestaayi.
maamsaahaarulu, vyaadhulu mariyu paraannajeevulu.
"aarr. ferruginius "chelisoches moreo" dwara mundugaa untundi, idhi cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus mariyu "metarisium pingshens" dwara sokutundi, mariyu "heterorabditis indicus", "hypoaspis" ess. pii. pii. dwara parannajeevigaa maarutundi., precosylenchus ferruginopherous", "scolia erratica", "steinernema carpocapse", mariyu "steinernema reobravis".
pravartana.
eee purugu ethyl acetate, 2-methoxy.4.vinylphenol, gaama-nonanoic lactone, 4sss-ferruginol, 50h mariyu 4me-9-5kt dwara aakarshinchabadutundani adhyayanalu chuupistunnaayi.
muttadi lakshanaalu.
tegulu muttadi valla arachetulu pasupu ranguloki maaravacchu mariyu endipovachhu, idhi prabhaavita mokka maranaaniki daariteeyavachchu.
vascular kanajaalam debbatinadam valla kireetam modata endipotundi, mariyu diguva aakulu anusaristaayi. kireetam kolpovadam ledhaa aaku villi povadam vanti pradhana lakshanaalu saadhaaranamgaa aracheti vyaadhi sokina chaalaa kaalam tarvaata matrame kanipistaayi. avakaasavaada bacteria mariyu sileendhraala yokka dviteeya antuvyaadhulu debbatinna kanajaalaalo sambhavinchavachhu, ksheenatanu vegavantam chestundi. eee bahya lakshanaalu gamaninchabade samayaniki, nashtam saadhaaranamgaa chettunu champadaaniki saripotundi, mariyu muttadi aaru nelalu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva kaalam undi undavacchu. adhika saandrata kaligina infestationslo, larva burroing mariyu namaladam yokka sabdaalanu aracheti trunk meeda chevi unchadam dwara vinavacchu. iteevali parisoedhanalu electronic shravana parikaraalu ledhaa kukkalanu upayoginchi nirvahinchabadutunnaayi, eee prakriyaloo takkuva saandrata vadda infestationlanu gurtinchadaaniki veevils ledhaa thaati kshayam yokka suvasananu gurtinchadaaniki sikshana pondina kukkalu.
niyantrana.
pradhana niyantrana paddhati vyavasthaagata purugumandula vadakam dwara. purugumandulanu saadhaaranamgaa trunk yokka prabhaavita praantaaniki paina unna garaatu dwara vartimpajestaaru. erra thaati veevilnu ferromon lures mariyu pratyaamnaaya niyantrana roopaala upayoga kshetra paarisuddhyam mariyu ferromon mariyu mokka nundi utpannamaina semicomechals thoo kattabadina uchchulatho saamuuhika tropping upayoginchi paryaveekshinchavachchu. veevilsnu oka binduvu muulaaniki aakarshinchadaaniki mariyu vaatini champadaaniki semicomechals mariyu bioinstecticsides upayoginchi kotta pratyaamnaaya saanketikatalu abhivruddhi cheyabadutunnayi. maroe nirvahana saanketikata emitante, thaati mokkala punaadini entomopathogenic fungus "metarisium raberti" (sinn. "emm. anisoplia, "entomophthora anisoplia"), ledhaa "beauvaria basiana". oka italian company vyaktigata chetlanu krimirahitam cheyadaaniki upayoginchagala microwave collar nuu abhivruddhi chesinatlu perkondi. prarambha gurtimpu kosam, chettulo sunnitamaina microphone choppinchadam dwara mariyu utpatti cheyabadina sabdaalanu record cheyadam dwara bioacoustic vislaeshanhanu amalu cheyavachu. eee sabdaalu thaati veevils dwara utpatti avtaya anie nirnayinchadaaniki digital signal prosessing mariyu artificial intelligence dwara vislaeshimchabadataayi.
eee veevil kuu vyatiraekamgaa arachetula sahaja rakshana takkuvagaa adhyayanam cheyabadindi. rna jokyam (rna, oka rakamaina janyu nissabdam) anedi aneka host-pathogen vyavasthalalo kanugonabadina rakshana vyavastha. arpidableu nirodhakata kosam thaati pempakam chesetappudu raini oka santanotpatti lakshyamgaa vaagdaanam choopistundi.
nivaarana.
veevil daani gudlanu mruduvaina kanajaalaalo pettadaniki ishtapadutundi kabatti, mokkalaku yaantrika nashtanni nivaarinchadam muttadini tagginchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi. chanipoyina ledhaa paatha aakula mokkanu kattirinchina tarvaata gayalu kooda muttadi sambhaavyatanu tagginchavachhu. pottu, chanipoyina aakulu ledhaa chikitsa cheyani kobbari vanti mokkala padaarthaala kadalikanu vyaadhi sokina praantaala nundi vyaadhi sokani praantaalaku sifaarsu cheyabadadu.
paaka upayogaalu.
viyatnaamlo larva grub oka ruchikaramaina aaharamgaa pariganinchabadutundi. viyatnaamlo, larvalanu saadhaaranamgaa chepala saastoe sajeevamgaa tintaaru. vanta chese itara paddhatulalo toast cheyadam, veyinchadam mariyu aavirilo veyinchadam vantivi unnaayi. vaatini jigatatho kuudina biyyam mariyu saladto ledhaa ganji thoo vandutaaru. larvalanu vietnamese bhaashalo "dang dimwa" ("kobbari beatle-larva") anie pilustaaru. "itara deshaala nundi "sago warms" nivedinchabaddaayi (udhaa.zii.thoorpu malaysia, kotta ginia) anedi "rhinecopherous" yokka vividha, sambandhita jaatulanu suuchistumdi.

