
vellulli aavalu oka hanikara jaatigaa

vellulli aavalu ("alliaria petiolata") 1860laloe uttara americaku paaka muulikagaa parichayam cheyabadindi mariyu idhi uttara americalo chaalaa varaku oka hanikara jaatigaa pariganinchabadutundi. idhi thoorpu united states mariyu kenadaalo chaalaa varaku namodu cheyabadindi, paschimaana chellacheduruga unna janabha undhi. idhi eee krindi rashtraallo haanikaramaina ledhaa parimitam cheyabadina mokkaga jabita cheyabadindihi alabama, connecticut, masachusets, minnesota, nyuu hampshire, oregon, vermont mariyu washington. united stateslo daani pampinhee yokka prastuta pataanni prarambha gurtimpu mariyu pampinhee mapping vyavastha (eddymaps) loe chudavachu.
atyanta aasaajanakamaina jeeva niyantrana agent, monophagus veevil "suiterincus scrabicolis", 2002 nundi pratyaekamgaa adhyayanam cheyabadindi, aamodam kosam parisoedhakula aneka petitionlu unnappatikee, usda saanketika salaha, tagg, group dwara padepade yuesloki parichayam cheyadaaniki nirodhinchabadindi.
dandayaatra jeevasaastram.
chaalaa hanikara mokkala maadirigaane, vellulli aavalu kotta pradaesamlooki pravesapettina tarvaata, idhi konasaagutundi mariyu antaraayam laeni mokkala samaajaalaku vyaapistundi. thoorpu uttara americalo pravesapettina aneka praantaalalo, idhi atavee mariyu varada maidaana vaataavaranaalaloo aadhipatya under-story jaatulugaa maarindi, ikkada nirmuulana kashtam.
daani sthaanika aavasalalo tine keetakaalu mariyu sileendhraalu uttara americalo laevu, daani vittana utpaadakatanu penchutaayi mariyu sthaanika mokkalanu adhigaminchadaaniki veelu kalpistaayi. idhi "pieries virginiensis" mariyu "pieries olerasia" vanti "pieries" jaatilooni uttara america seethaakokachilukalu vanti konni sthaanika keetakaalaku kooda vishapuuritam.
vellulli aavalu allelo chemicalsnu utpatti chestaayi, pradhanamgaa allail isotheocyanate mariyu benzyl isotheocyanate sammelanaala roopamlo, ivi sthaanika atavee chetlatho sahaa chaalaa mokkalaku vaanchaneeya perugudalaku avasaramaina micorisal sileendhraalanu anichivestaayi. ayithe, vellulli aavalu utpatti chese allelo chemicals vellulli aavalu yokka sthaanika shreni nundi vachhe micorisal sileendhraalanu prabhaavitam cheyavu, idhi daadi chesina shreniloni eee "kotta ayudham" uttara americalo vellulli aavalu vijayanni vivaristundani suuchistumdi. adanamgaa, tella thokagala jinkalu arudugaa vellulli aavalanu tintaayi kabatti, pedda jinkala sankhya pootii sthaanika mokkalanu tinadam dwara daani janabha saandratanu penchadaaniki sahaayapadavachhu. jinkalanu tokkadam valla mattiki bhangam kaliginchadam dwara adanapu vittana perugudalanu prothsahistundi. mattiloo unde vittanaalu utpatti ayina aidu samvatsaraala varaku (mariyu bahusha anthakante ekkuva) molakettavacchu. vittanapu byaanku yokka sthirathvam mariyu micorisal sileendhraala anachiveta rendoo daadi chesina praantaala punaruddharananu klishtataram chestaayi endukante vittanapu byaanku ksheeninchadaaniki mariyu micorize punaruddharananu anumatinchadaaniki deerghakaalika tolagimpu avasaram.
vellulli aavalu flavenoidlu, rakshana proteins, glycosidelu mariyu glucosinoletlatho sahaa vividha rakaala dviteeya sammelanaalanu utpatti chestaayi, ivi saakaahaarulaku daani ruchini taggistaayi. eshaanya adavulalo, vellulli aavalu sthaanika aaku chettha kullipoye retunu penchutaayi, poeshaka labhyatanu penchutaayi mariyu vellulli aavalu yokka sonta vyaaptiki anukuulamaina paristhitulanu srushtistaayi.
niyantrana vyuuhaalu.
yaantrikam.
vittana utpattini nivaarinchadam mariyu matti vittanaala pottu ksheeninchadam antuvyaadhulanu nirmoolinchadamlo keelakam, conny vittanaalu pannendu samvatsaraala varaku untaayi mariyu kevalam oka mokka vaelaadi vittanaalanu utpatti cheyagaladu. vittanaalanu jantuvulu, vahanalu mariyu prajalu kooda sulabhamgaa track chestaaru. rasayana rahita jeevasambandhamaina niyantrana paddhatulalo chethitho lagadam ledhaa naela vadda kattirinchadam, kattirinchadam, kalchadam ledhaa kaantini tagginchadaaniki paryaavaranaanni taarumaaru cheyadam vantivi unnaayi.
mottam vellanu tolaginchi, kavalsina mokkalu mariyu mattini tokkipokunda mariyu kudinchakapothe lagadam marinta prabhaavavantamgaa untundi. vellulli aavalu sthiramaina adavulatho paatu chedirina pradaesaalapai daadi cheyagalavu. idhi lothaina needalo alaage puurti suuryarashmiloo mariyu vistruta shreni thema sthaayilalo perugutundi. anduvalla, itara mokkalanu naatadam ledhaa kaantini addaginchamani prothsahinchadam dwara nirvahana kotta antuvyaadhulanu nirodhinchadu, ayinappatikee adhi vaatini mandaginchavacchu. pushpinche mundu vasanta rutuvu praarambhamlo niyantrana uttamam endukante mokkalu chinnaviga untaayi, idhi matti bhangam mariyu lagadam valla nashtanni taggistundi, alaage pootii mokkalaku seasonlo ekkuva vistarinchadaaniki istundi. ayithe, bhoomi paina moodu angulaala kante takkuva ettulo unnappatikee puusae chinna mokkalanu sulabhamgaa kolpotaru. puvvulu drushyamaanatanu penchutaayi, mukhyamgaa takkuva kaanti paristhitulalo. konni mokkala muulaalu kooda virigipotaayi, jagrattagaa lagadam saanketikatato kooda, neelaloo mukkalu vadili tirigi perugutaayi. paadaala rakapokala valla kudinchabadina mattiloo mariyu podi paristhitulalo vaerlu virigipovadam sarvasaadhaaranam. mokkalanu puuyadaaniki mundu kattirinchadam mariyu kattirinchadam kooda marinta prabhaavavantamgaa untaayi, endukante kattirinchina mariyu kattirinchina mokkala mukkalu vikasinchadaaniki mariyu aacharaneeyamaina vittanaalanu utpatti cheyadaaniki taginanta saktini kaligi unde avakaasam takkuvagaa untundi. vittanaalu ledhaa muulaalu composting nundi manugada saaginchagalavu kabatti tolaginchina mokkalanu sanchilo unchaali (mariyu sarigga paaraveyaali) ledhaa kalchiveyali. laagina mokkalu vikasinchi vittanaalanu utpatti cheyagalavu, mukhyamgaa muulaalu jatacheyabadi unte, mokkalu endipoyi chanipotunnappudu kooda.
rasayana.
aneka kalupu samhaarakaalato akulanu upayoginchadam dwara rasayana niyantrananu kontavaraku saadhinchavachchu, ayinappatikee adavulu mariyu baga sthirapadina pacchika bayallu ledhaa pacchika bayallu vanti sanklishta paristhitula kante vyavasaya ekasamvardhakaalu ledhaa pattana mariyu shivaaru udyaanavanaalu vanti atyanta chedirina paristhitulalo vaati upayogam chaalaa prabhaavavantamgaa untundi. vasanta rutuvu praarambhamlo kalupu samhaaraka mandulanu upayoginchadam valla uttara samasheetoshna vaataavaranaalaloo vellulli aavalu saadhaaranamgaa itara mokkala kante mundugaane churukuga unna adhe pradaesaalaloo sthaanika ledhaa kavalsina mokkalanu baga rakshinchadaaniki sahaayapadavachhu, idhi saadhaaranamgaa sthaanika mokkalanu adhigaminchi vaatini sthaanabhramsham cheyadaaniki oka kaaranam. ayithe, vellulli aavalu raavadaaniki mundhe mariyu/ledhaa adhe samayamlo vasanta rutuvu praarambhamlo churukuga unde sthaanika mariyu kavalsina mokkalu unnaayi, veetilo ranunculaceae kutumbaaniki chendina "pulsatilla" mariyu "helleborus" jaatiki chendina puvvulu unnaayi. konni sthaanika mariyu kavalsina mokkalu kooda satataharitamgaa untaayi, anduvalla anni samayaallo aakulu mariyu udbhavinchina taruvaata kalupu samhaaraka mandulaku gurayye avakaasam undhi. bhaarii parikaraalu ledhaa maanavulanu tokkadam vanti rasayana niyantrana paddhatulu mattini kudinchi, anni mokkalanu pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitam chestaayi. ituvanti paddhatulu vanyapraanulaku bhangam kaliginchavacchu mariyu rasayana draavanaalu pravaham dwara kalushitamaina neeru vanti rasayana kaalushyaaniki kaaranamavutaayi.
anni jeevasambandhamaina paddhatulu prabhaavavantamgaa undataaniki 2 nundi 5 samvatsaraala varaku punaraavrutam cheyali-endukante chaalaa antuvyaadhulu gananeeyamaina vittana byaanku sthaapinchabadina pradaesaalaloo sambhavistaayi. vittanaalu oka dasaabdam paatu molakettutune unnaayi. manugadalo unna muulaalu tirigi perugutaayi mariyu kotta vittana kayalanu utpatti chestaayi, idhi muttadini twaragaa tirigi sthaapinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. vellulli aavalu nirmoolinchabadina praantaalaku nirantaram tirigi pravesapettadam kooda samarthavanthamaina jeeva niyantrana paristhiti erpade varaku chaalaa avakaasam undhi, endukante deerghakaalika vittanaalu goppa parimaanamlo utpatti avtayi mariyu jantuvulu mariyu maanava karyakalapala dwara takshaname pampinhee cheyabadataayi.
jeevasambandhamainavi.
khachitamgaa lakshyamgaa chesukunna jeeva niyantrana anedi atavee praantaala vanti ekasamvardhaka vyavasayam dwara vargeekarinchabadani paryaavarana vyavasthalaku athi takkuva nashtam kaliginche niyantrana paddhati, adhe samayamlo kharchula paramgaa kooda atyanta samarthavantamgaa untundi. konni hanikara mokkala nirvahana kosam, ledhaa konni sandarbhaallo vellulli aavalu, kalupu samhaaraka mandula vadakam mariyu maanava karyakalapala valla baga debbatinna bhoomipai avaanchita vrukshasampada nirvahana kosam maanava-nirvahana shrama ayina kattirimpu, dunnadam, kalchadam mariyu lagadam vanti vatiki praadhaanyata ivvavacchu. eee prayatnam saadhaaranamgaa jeeva niyantrana agentla anubandha uniki dwara marinta prabhaavavantamgaa untundi. adavulu, tokkadam mariyu matti sampeedanam, dustula nundi vittanaala vyaapti, rasayana vishapuuritam, avaanchita lakshyamgaa laeni jaatula nashtam, maanava sramanu demand cheyadam, petrochemical viniyogam mariyu itara karakalu vanti marinta sanklishtamaina paryaavarana vyavasthala kosam samarthavanthamaina jeeva niyanthranatho tolaginchabadataayi ledhaa baga tagginchabadataayi. udaaharanaku, vellulli aavalanu lakshyamgaa chesukune oka jaathi veevil vittanaalanu viniyogistundi. microstagium viminium" (japanese stiltgrass) vanti vaarshikamgaa unde konni invasive mokkala maadirigaa kakunda, vellulli aavalu kattirinchadam takkuva prabhaavavantamgaa untundi, endukante idhi daani tapp ruut nundi tirigi perugutundi, mukhyamgaa daani rendava, pushpinche samvatsaramlo kattirinchinatlayite-ikkada muulaalu gananeeyamaina saktini nilva cheyadaaniki taginantagaa perigayi.
vellulli aavalanu matrame tine veevil "suiterincus scrabicolis" vanti monophagus controllerlu, saadhaaranamgaa invasive mokkalanu edurkovataniki prarambha parichayaniki atyanta anuvainavi, endukante avi pravesapettina controller swayamgaa tegulugaa maare avakaasaanni baga taggistaayi. jeeva niyantrananu upayoginchadamlo samasyalu, parichayam cheyadaaniki surakshitamaina jaatulanu gurtinchadam, alaage sthaanika paryaavarana vyavasthalo unna takkuva niyantrana jaatulapai aadharapadatam. vellulli aavalu daani sthaanika vaataavaranamloo 76 vastuvulanu tintaayi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, idhi sthaanikam kaani united stateslo gananeeyamaina sthaayilo aemee tinadu. aaa mokkaku chaalaa niyantrana agentlu unnappatikee, prastutam united statesloni konni praantaallo vellulli aavalu yokka aakramanaseelatanu taginantagaa niyantrinchadam anedi samasyaatmakamainadani anchanaa veyabadindi, kevalam rendu veevilsnu "sii" thoo parichayam cheyadam dwara saadhinchavachchu. scrabicolis "rendintiloo atyanta mukhyamainadi.
vellulli aavalu yokka udaaharana, kaneesam minnesota yokka niyantrita trials mariyu european feeled pariseelanalalo, oka monophagus biological controll agent kooda entha prabhaavavantamgaa untundo choopistundi, ayithe takkuva kharchulu kaligi untundi. sii" yokka pradarsinchabadina prabhavam unnappatikee. scrabicolis "mariyu, sambhaavyamgaa" sii. constructus, "bhaarii parisoedhana mariyu niyantrana avasaraala valla vaati vanti jeeva niyantrana agentla digumati mariyu vidudala addupadavachu. nibandhanalu baga roopondinchabadi unnayani namme vaaru agentlu atyanta avaanchaneeya tegullagaa marakunda nirodhinchadaaniki avi avasaramani vaadistaaru, ayithe vimarsakulu prastutam vraasina mariyu amalu chesinatlugaa, nibandhanalu, adavulalo kalupu mokkalu vartimpajeyadam vanti marinta haanikaramaina, takkuva prabhaavavantamaina mariyu marinta khareedaina niyantrana paddhatulanu daataveyadam chaalaa kashtataram chestayani vaadinchaaru. mae 2017 natiki, united stateslo vellulli aavalanu edurkovadaniki chattabaddhamgaa aamodinchabadina jeeva niyantrana agent ledhu. vellulli aavalanu 1990la nundi mariyu sii nundi united states parisoedhimchimdi. scrabicolis "2002 nundi pratyaekamgaa adhyayanam cheyabadindi. dheenini yuesloki vidudala cheyalane 2012 sifaarsunu kalupu mokkala jeeva niyantrana kosam saanketika salaha brundam nirodhinchindi.
vellulli aavalu daani sthaanika paridhiloo unna 76 sahaja satruvulalo, anekam sambhaavya jeeva niyantrana agentluga upayoginchadaaniki pareekshinchabaddaayi. suiterincus" jaatiki chendina aidu veevil jaatulu mariyu oka flee beatle praathamika pareekshalo abhyardhulugaa empika cheyabaddaayi. appati nundi, eee abhyardhulanu adhyayanam chestunna united states udyogulu jaabitaanu kudinchaaru. monophagus veevil "c. 2002 nundi adhyayanam cheyabadina "scrobicolis", 2012 loe yuesloki pravesapettadaaniki adhikarikamga sifaarsu cheyabadindi, ayithe tagg group daani parichayaanni nirodhinchindi, marinta parisoedhana nirvahinchaalani abhyardhinchindi. mae 2017 natiki, idhi parichayam kosam aamodinchabadaledu mariyu konasagutunna parisoedhana nidhulanu andinchaledu. 2008, 2011, 2014 mariyu 2016loe maroka parisoedhakudu kooda dheenini abhyardhinchaaru. 2008 petitionku pratispandanagaa tagg dwara adanapu parisoedhananu abhyardhinchaaru. idhi puurtayimdi conny petitionlu addukovadam konasagutondi.