
graphane

graphane anedi carbon mariyu hydrogen yokka dvi-miteeya polymer, dheeni suutram unit (ch) n, ikkada "n" peddadi. pakshika hydrogenation phalitamgaa hydrogenated graphane vastundi, dheenini 2009loe elias mariyu itarulu oka tem adhyayanam dwara "kotta graphane-aadhaarita utpannaaniki pratyaksha sakshyam" gaa nivedinchaaru. rachayitalu eee drushyaanni "roopondinchina electronic mariyu itara lakshanaalatoo kuudina kotta dvi-miteeya sphatikaala mottam shreni" gaa chuusaaru. 
samslaeshanha.
daani tayari 2009loe nivedinchabadindi. graphane, konni porala graphane ledhaa adhika-aadhaarita pyrolytic graphite yokka electrolytic hydrogenation dwara graphane yerpadavachhu. chivari sandarbhamlo hydrogenated paie porala yaantrika exfoliation upayoginchavacchu.
nirmaanam.
graphane yokka modati saiddhaantika vivarana 2003loe nivedinchabadindi. cluster vistarana paddhatini upayoginchi, graphane yokka anni hydrogenation nishpattulalo eee nirmaanam atyanta sthiramgaa unnatlu kanugonabadindi. 2007loe, benzene, cyclohexane mariyu polyethylene vanti carbon mariyu hydrogen kaligina itara sammelanaala kante eee sammelanam marinta sthiramgaa undani parisoedhakulu kanugonnaru. eee samuuham anchanaa vesina sammelanam graphane anie paeru pettindi, endukante idhi graphane yokka puurtigaa santrupta roopam. 
graphane samarthavantamgaa cyclohexane unitlatho roopondinchabadindi, mariyu cyclohexaneku samaantaramgaa, atyanta sthiramaina nirmaanaatmaka kuurpu planner kaadu, conny kurchi mariyu padava conformerlatho sahaa oka avt-off-plain nirmaanam, ring straine tagginchadaaniki mariyu sp3-bandham anuvulaku 109.5 ° yokka aadarsha chatushkoniya bandham koonaanni anumatinchadaaniki. ayithe, cyclohexaneku viruddhamgaa, graphane eee vibhina conformerla madhya parasparam maarchadu endukante avi sthalaakrutigaa bhinnamgaa undatame kakunda, avi vibhina aakruteekaranalato vibhina nirmaana isomerlu kooda. kurchi conformer carbon nundi porugu kaarbanku vimanam paina ledhaa krinda pratyamnaayamgaa hydrogenlanu kaligi untundi, ayithe padava conformer hydrogen anuvulanu vimanam paina mariyu krinda jantagaa pratyamnaayamgaa kaligi untundi. twist-boat mariyu twist-boat-chairtho sahaa itara conformational isomerlu kooda unnaayi. cyclohexane maadirigaane, graphane kosam atyanta sthiramaina conformer kurchi, taruvaata twist-boat nirmaanam. kurchi conformer yokka buckling jaalaka sankochamnu suuchistumdi, ayithe gananalu vaastavaaniki jalakanni sumaru 30 saatam vistaristundani chuuputaayi, endukante podavaina carbon-carbon (sii-sii) bandhaala jaalaka antarampai vyatiraeka prabhavam kaaranamgaa, graphane yokka ess pii 3-bandham graphane yokka ess pii 2-bandhamtho poliste 1.52 sii baandlanu istundi, idhi 1.42 sii yokka chinna sii-sii bandhaalanu istundi. ippude sthapinchabadinatlugaa, siddhaantaparamgaa graphane paripuurnamgaa undi, daani sthiramaina kurchi conformerlo pratichota unte, jaalakaalu vistaristaayi; ayithe, sthaanikamgaa sthiramaina twist-boat conformer aadhipatyam chelaayinche domainla uniki "prayogaatmakamgaa gamaninchina jaalaka sankochaaniki dohadam chestundi.prayogaatmaka nipunulu graphennu vargeekarinchinappudu, vaaru jaalaka antaraala pampineeni kanugonnaru, idhi vividha conformerlanu pradarsinche vividha domainlaku anugunamgaa untundi. hydrogenation aakrutilo edainaa rugmata jaalaka sthiraamkaanni sumaru 2 saatam kudistundi.
graphane oka insulator. hydrojantho graphane yokka rasayana kaaryaacharana graphenlo byaand gyapnu teravadaaniki tagina paddhati kaavacchu. pii-doped graphane 90 keey kante ekkuva tii. sii. thoo adhika-ushnograta bisi siddhaantam suupar conductorga pratipaadinchabadindi.
vaividhyaalu.
pakshika hydrogenation (puurtigaa hydrogenated) graphane kante hydrogenated graphenku daariteestundi. ituvanti sammelanaalanu saadhaaranamgaa "graphane lanty" nirmaanaalu anie pilustaaru. graphane ledhaa konni porala graphane ledhaa adhika-aadhaarita pyrolytic graphite yokka electrolytic hydrogenation dwara graphane mariyu graphane lanty nirmaanaalu erpadataayi. chivari sandarbhamlo hydrogenated paie porala yaantrika exfoliation upayoginchavacchu.
uparitalampai graphane yokka hydrogenation anedi oka vaipu matrame prabhaavitam chestundi, idhi shatkona samaruupatanu kaapaadutundi. alala uniki kaaranamgaa graphane yokka ekapaksha hydrogenation saadhyamavutundi. rendodi yaadrucchikamgaa pampinhee cheyabadinanduna, pondina padaartham rendu vaipula graphenku viruddhamgaa kramarahitamgaa untundi. annealing hydrogen chedaragottadaaniki, graphenki tirigi velladaaniki anumatistundi. anukaranalu antarleena gathi yantraamgaanni velladinchaayi.
saandrata kriyaatmaka siddhaanta gananalu itara group IV (sii, zii mariyu sn) nanosheetla yokka hydrogenated mariyu fluorinated roopaalu graphane maadirigaane lakshanaalanu kaligi unnayani suuchimchaayi.
sambhaavya anuvartanaalu.
pii-doped graphane 90 keey kante ekkuva tii. sii. thoo adhika-ushnograta bisi siddhaantam suupar conductorga bhaavinchabadutundi.
hydrogen nilva kosam graphane pratipaadinchabadindi. hydrogenation ushnogratapai jaalaka sthiraamkam yokka aadharapadataanni taggistundi, idhi khachitamaina parikaraalalo saadhyamayye anuvartanaanni suuchistumdi.