
bhaarata maata

mother india 1957loe mehboob khaan darsakatvam vahinchina bharatiya itihaasa naataka chitram, indulo narghese, suneel dhath, rajendra kumar mariyu raaj kumar natinchaaru. khaan yokka munupati chitram "aurat" (1940) kuu remake, idhi raadha (narghese) anae paedarikamtoe badhapaduthunna graameena mahila katha, aame bhartha lenappudu, thana kumaarulanu penchadaaniki mariyu aneka samasyala madhya mosapurita runadaataku vyatiraekamgaa jeevinchadaaniki kashtapadutondi.
bharatiya samskrutini dooshinchina american rachayitri catherine maayo yokka 1927 vivaadaaspada pustakam "mother india" nii edurkovadaniki eee chitram yokka sheershikanu enchukunnaaru. "bhaarata maata" 1947loe swaatantryam vacchina taruvaata bharatadesanni oka desamgaa roopakamgaa suuchistumdi, mariyu bharatiya jaateeyavaadam mariyu dhesha nirmaanam yokka balamaina bhavanni suuchistumdi. eee chitramlo hinduu puraanaalaku sambandhinchina suuchanalu samruddhiga unnaayi, mariyu daani pradhana paatra adhika naitika viluvalanu pratibimbimchae bharatiya mahila yokka sankshipta praatinidhyamgaa mariyu aatma tyaagam dwara samaajaaniki talligaa undatam antey emito pratibimbistumdi. kontamandi rachayitalu radhanu mahilaa saadhikaarataku chihnamgaa pariganistundagaa, marikondaru aame paatralanu mahilaa moosapothalalo chuustaaru. eee chitraanni mumbailooni mehboob studiolalo mariyu maharashtra, gujarat mariyu uttara pradesh gramalalo chitreekarinchaaru. naushad sangeetam paaschaatya shaastreeya sangeetam mariyu archestratho sahaa prapancha sangeetaanni hindhi sinimaalaku parichayam chesindi.
eee chitram atyanta khareedaina bharatiya (bollywood) nirmaanaalalo okati mariyu aaa samayamlo yea bharatiya chitraanikainaa atyadhika aadaayaanni aarjinchindi. dravyolbananiki anugunamgaa sardubaatu cheyabadina "mother india" ippatikee aall-time indian baxafies hitlalo okatigaa nilichindi. idhi 1957 octoberulo bhaaratadesamlo prekshakula madhya vidudalaindi mariyu rajadhani newdhilleeloo okadaanitoe sahaa aneka pramukha pradarsanalu jarigaayi, dheeniki dhesha adhyakshudu mariyu pradhana mantri hajarayyaru. "mother india" oka khachitamaina saamskrutika classicga maarindi mariyu bharatiya chalanachitra rangamlo uttama chitraalalo okatigaa pariganinchabadutundi. eee chitram uttama chalana chitramgaa akhila bhaarata dhruvikarana patram, 1957loe filmfare uttama chitra avaardu, narghese mariyu khaan varusaga uttama nati mariyu uttama darsakula avaardulanu geluchukunnayi. idhi uttama antarjaateeya chalana chitramgaa academy avaarduku kooda nominate cheyabadindi, ippativaraku nominate cheyabadina modati bharatiya chitramgaa nilichindi.
plaat.
eee chitram 1957loe praarambhamavutundi, prastutam chitreekarana samayamlo. graamaaniki neetipaarudala kaaluva nirmaanam puurtayinappudu, graamaaniki "talli" gaa pariganinchabade raadha (narghese) nuu kaaluvanu praarambhinchamani korataru. aame kottagaa vivaham chesukunnappudu thana gataanni gurthu chesukuntundi.
raadha mariyu shamu (raaj kumar) madhya vivaahaaniki raadha attha chellistundi, aame vaddiidaaru sukhilala (kanhaiyalal) nundi dabbu appu teesukuntundi. runa sharatulu vivadaspadamga unnaayi, conny graama peddalu vaddiidaataku anukuulamgaa nirnayinchukuntaaru, aaa taruvaata shamu mariyu radhalu tama pantalo moodonthula mottaanni 500 runampai vaddiigaa chellinchaalsi vastundi (1957loe dheeni viluva sumaru 105 dollarlu). shamu vaari raathi bhoomini marinta upayogamloki teesukuraavadaaniki pani chestunnappudu, athani chetulu oka bandatho naligipotayi. thana nissahaayata (aayudhalu laenidi) gurinchi siggupadutuu, thana bhaarya sampaadanatoe jeevistunnanduku sukhilala chetha avamaaninchabadi, shamu thana kutumbaaniki upayogam ledani nirnayinchukuntaadu mariyu radhanu mariyu vaari mugguru kumaarulanu saasvatamgaa vadili, aakalitho thana sonta sambhaavya maranaaniki veltaadu. ventane, raadha chinna kumarudu mariyu aame attagaaru maranistaaru. teevramaina tuphaanu mariyu phalitamgaa vachhe varadalu graamamlo illanu naasanam chesi pantanu naasanam chestaayi. aame thana sariiraanni aaharam kosam radhaku ichivesthe aamenu, aame kumaarulanu rakshinchaalani sukhilala pratipaadistundi. raadha athani pratipaadananu teevramgaa tiraskaristundi, conny tuphaanu duraagataalaku thana sisuvunu (thana nalgava kumarudini) kooda kolpovalsi vastundi. graamastulu modata gramanni khaalii cheyadam praarambhinchinappatikii, raadha oppinchi, akkade undi daanini punarnirminchaalani nirnayinchukuntaaru.
chaalaa samvatsaraala taruvaata, radhaku jeevinchi unna iddaru pillalu, birju (suneel dhath) mariyu raamu (rajendra kumar) yuvakulu. chinnappati nundi sukhilala demandlatho kopamgaa unna birju, graama ammayilanu, mukhyamgaa sukhilala kumarte roopaanu vedhinchadam dwara thana chirakunu tolaginchukuntaadu. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, raamu prasaantamaina swabhaavaanni kaligi unnadu mariyu ventane vivaham chesukunnadu. birju kopam chivaraku pramaadakaramgaa maarutundi, recchagottabadina taruvaata, athanu sukhilala mariyu athani kumartepai daadi chesi, sukhilaalaatho bantugaa unna raadha yokka "kangan" (vivaha kankanaalu) nuu dongilistaadu. athanu graamam nundi tarimikottabadataadu mariyu oka dongalavaadu avtadu. birju sukhilala kutumbaaniki haani kaliginchadaaniki anumatinchanani raadha sukhilaalaaku vaagdaanam chestundi. rupa pelli rojuna, birju thana prateekaaram teerchukoovadaaniki thana bandipotla mutaatho tirigi vastaadu. athanu sukhilalanu champi roopaanu kidnap chestaadu. athanu thana gurrampai graamam nundi paaripovadaaniki prayatninchinappudu, raadha, athani talli atanni kalchi champutundi. aame chetullone athanu maranistaadu. eee chitram 1957 naatidi, prastuta roeju; raadha kaaluva dwaranni terustundi mariyu daani errati neeru polaalloki pravahistundi.
utpatti.
sheershika.
mother india" anae sheershika american rachayitri catherine maayo yokka 1927 naati adhe paerutoe unna vivaadaaspada pustakam nundi prerana pondindi, dheenilo aame bharatiya samajam, matam mariyu samskrutipai daadi chesindi. british paalana nundi swayam paalana mariyu swaatantryam kosam bharatiya demandlaku vyatiraekamgaa raasina eee pustakam, bharatadesamloni mahilalu, antaranivaru, jantuvulu, muriki mariyu daani jaateeyavaada raajakeeya nayakula swabhaavaanni suuchimchimdi. maayo, purushula prabalamaina mariyu pranantakamga balaheenapadutunna laingikata anni samasyalaku kendramgaa undani, hasta prayogam, atyaachaaram, swalinga samparkam, vyabhicharam, laingika vyaadhulu mariyu mukhyamgaa, akaala laingika samparkam mariyu prasuutiki daariteestundani bhaavinchindi. eee pustakam bharatadesam antataa agrahanni srushtinchindi, mariyu aame dishtibommatho paatu daanini tagalabettaaru. dheenini mahatma gandhi "desamloni kaaluvalanu teravadam mariyu pariseelinchadam anae oke uddesyamto pampina drain inspector nivedika" gaa vimarsinchaaru. eee pustakam bharatadesampai american prajala drukpathampai saktivantamaina prabhaavamgaa maarina bharatiya samajam gurinchi maayo yokka tappulu mariyu tappudu avagahananu highlight cheyadaaniki yaabhaiki paiga kopamgaa unna pustakaalu mariyu karapatraalanu prachurinchadaaniki prerepinchindi.
bharatadesaniki swaatantryam vacchina aidella tarvaata 1952 lone mehboob khaan eee chitram mariyu sheershika gurinchi alochinchadu; aaa samvatsaram octoberlo, athanu eee chitram kosam mudi nilvalanu digumati chesukovadaniki anumati koorutuu bhaarata prabhutva digumati adhikaarulanu aasrayinchaadu. 1955loe, videshee vyavaharalu mariyu samachara mariyu prasaara mantritva saakhalu raboye chitram yokka sheershika gurinchi telusukuni, darsakudu scriptnu sameeksha kosam pampaalani demand chesaaru, idhi pustakam aadhaaramgaa undani, tadwara jaateeya prayojanaaniki muppu kaliginchavacchani anumanincharu. chitra brundam 1955 september 17naa rendu paejeela lekhatho paatu scriptnu pampindih
script.
khaan american rachayita ayina perl ess nundi prerana pondaadu. buck mariyu aame pustakaalu "dhi good erth" (1931) mariyu "dhi mother" (1934); athanu sidney franklin darsakatvam vahinchina "dhi good erth" (1937) chitraanni kooda chushadu. "talli" oka chainees mahila jeevitaanni vivarinchindi, indulo aame vaivahika jeevitam mariyu aame bhartha vidichipettina taruvaata ontari poraatam unnaayi. runadaatalu, bhoomipai sraminchadam, kashtaala dwara pillalanu penchadam vanti "bhaarata maata" yokka amsaalu kathalo bhaagamgaa unnaayi. khaan modata thana 1940 chitram "aurat" nuu "mother india" yokka asalu version gaa roopondinchadamlo eee prabhavalanu aakarshinchadu. khaan nirmaana samstha national studios nundi 35,000 (1957loe sumaru $7,350 viluva) kuu "aurat" hakkulanu konugolu chesaaru. mother india" yokka saileekruta amsaalu vsevoload pudovkin yokka soviet nissabda chitram "mother" (1926); king vidor darsakatvam vahinchina "avar dialy bread" (1934); mariyu alegzander dovzenko chitraalato saaruupyatalanu chuuputaayi. santoshakaramaina raitulu, vaari chetilo kodavulu, pandina pantala venuka nundi navvadam" vanti chithramloni konni chitraalu soviet nirmaanaatmaka kalaakaarula posterlu pooli untaayi.
babubhai mehta raasina katha aadhaaramgaa vajahat mirja "aurat" scriptnu roopondinchaaru. mother india" kosam, dheenini mirja mariyu yuva screen raitar ess. allie raajaa. mehboob khaan, mirja, raajaato paatu pramukha screen raitarlu aghajani kashmiri, jiah sarhadi, aktar mirja, sangeeta darsakudu naushad, sahaya darsakudu chimankanth desai, inca aneka mandhi itarulatoe sampradimpulu jaripaaru. mirja mariyu raajaa punarnirminchina eee sambhaashana, urdoo, sthaanika hindhi mariyu daani saahitya pratiroopam yokka misramam. mirja, raajaa urdoo saahitya sampradaayaaniki chendinavaaru kabatti, vaaru urdoo lipilo sambhaashanhalu raasaaru.
bharatiya samaajamlo mahilala saadhikaaratanu (laingika purogatini pratighatinche adhikaaramtho sahaa) mariyu vyaktulugaa naitika gowravam mariyu uddesyam yokka bhavanni konasaginche vidhamgaa script uddeshapoorvakamgaa vraayabadindi; idhi maayo thana pustakamlo paerkonnadaaniki viruddhamgaa undhi. aarat" loe unna eee itivruttaalu, "andam mariyu manchitanam, sampada mariyu shakti, pedarikam mariyu dopidi, mariyu samaja sphuurti" vanti nairoopya lakshanaalanu vyaktaparichae paatralanu upayoginchi, jaateeyavaadam mariyu dhesha nirmaanam yokka balamaina bhaavamtho marinta abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi.
casting.
raadha paatraku darsakudi modati empika narghese, aaa samayamlo aame vayassu 26 samvatsaraalu matrame ayinappatikee, aame kotta bhaarya, yuva ontari talli mariyu iddaru kumaarula vruddha talligaa natinchindi. aaa samayamlo hindhi cinema raanigaa unna narghese khaan yokka "takdir" (1943) thoo pradhana paatralo thana vruttini praarambhinchindi mariyu ayana darsakatvam vahinchina "humayun" (1945) mariyu "andaj" (1949) chitraalalo natinchindi. "mother india' saadhaaranamgaa narghese yokka uttama natanaga pariganinchabadutundi mariyu vivaham taruvaata padavee viramanaku mundu aame chivari pradhana chitram.
khaan bharatiya muulaaniki chendina hollywood starr sabu dastagirnu birjugaa natinchaalani anukunnadu. dastagir laas angels nundi bharatadesaniki prayaaninchi, mumbailooni oka hotels (appudu bambe anie piluvabade) undi, oka retainer andukunnadu. ayithe, shooting praarambhinchadamlo japyalu mariyu addamkulu mariyu dastagir kosam work permit pondadam valla athanu project nundi tolaginchabaddaadu. hindhi chitra parisramalo sthirapadina natudu dileep kumar modata birju paatraku aasaktini vyaktam chesaaru, idhi khaan kuu aamodayogyamgaa anipinchindi; dileep kumar kooda shamu paatranu pooshinchadaaniki angeekarinchaadu. ayithe, narghese thanatho kalisi aneka srungaara chitraalu chesinanduna talli mariyu kumarudiga vaari paatralanu prajalu angeekarincharani abhyantaram vyaktam chesaaru. suneel dhath-kevalam oka chitram yokka anubhavamtho-chivaraku natinchaadu, eee chitramlo hasyanatudu mukri atanni khanku parichayam chesina taruvaata. yuva birju paatranu pooshinchina natudu sajid khaan aaa samayamlo teliyadu mariyu mumbai murikivaadalaku chendina paedha kutumbaaniki chendinavaadu. eee chitramlo sajid jeetam 750. taruvaata atanni mehboob khaan dattata teesukunnadu. aaa taruvaata, shamuga raaj kumar, ramuga rajendra kumar natinchaaru. "dhath, raaj kumar, rajendra kumar kereerlalo modati vijayavantamaina chitram, malupu tirigindi. 
pradhana chayachitrana praarambhaaniki mundu, narghese mariyu raaj kumar polaalanu dunnadam, kovadam mariyu vittadam mariyu patthi teeyadam vanti vyavasaya paddhathulatho parichayam chesukunnaru. eee chithramloni paatalu mariyu nrutya sanniveshaalalo adanapu bhagalu mumbai nundi kakunda shooting jarigina gramalalo sthaanika nrutya samuuhaala nundi vachayi. 
chitreekarana.
mother india" kosam prarambha chitreekarana anukoni vidhamgaa praarambhamaindi, script mariyu taaraaganam khararu kaavadaaniki mundhe. 1955loe uttara pradaeslooni konni praantaalu bhaarii varadalatho badhapaddayi. cinematographer faradoon irani saadhaarana varada drushyaalanu chithreekarinchadaaniki varada baadhita jillaalaku vellaaru. schedule cheyabadina pradhana photography 1955loe (1957loe sumaru $525,000) budjetto praarambhamaindi. ayithe, bahiranga sessionlu mariyu taaraaganam mariyu sibbandi jeetaala kaaranamgaa chitreekarana mugise samayaniki budget (sumaru 1957loe) perigindi.
eee chitram kosam aneka indor sannivesaalanu 1956loe mumbailooni bandraaloni mehboob studiolo chitreekarinchaaru. khaan mariyu irani eee chitraanni saadhyamainanta vaastavikamgaa cheyadaaniki tarachugaa locationlo chithreekarinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru. eee pradaesaalaloo mahaaraashtraloni vividha gramalu, gujarat (maharashtra mariyu gujarat kalisi bambe rashtraanni yerparuchukunnayi) mariyu uttara pradesh unnaayi. eee chitraanni 35mmlo chitreekarinchaaru. samakaaleena cinematographer aniil mehta eee chitram chithreekaranalo iraniki unna cinema paddhatula naipunyaanni gurtinchaaru, indulo athani "klishtamaina paatalu mariyu paan luu, vivaranaatmaka maise enn seen namuunaalu, iraanilo roopondinchinavi, chinna shaatla kosam kooda-studiolalo alaage location loe" unnaayi. eee chitram prarambha samstha, pranaalika mariyu script nundi chitreekarana puurti varaku moodu samvatsaraalu pattindi. 1956 navambarulo icchina interviewlo, narghese eee chitra shooting mariyu thana paatranu thana kereerlo atyanta demandga abhivarninchaaru. "mother india" nuu gevakalarlo chitreekarinchaaru, taruvaata daanini technicolorga marcharu. idhi ekkuvagaa sink sound tekniknu upayoginchi chithreekarinchabadindi, idhi aaa samayamlo saadhaaranam; konni sannivesaalu dubbing cheyabaddaayi.
varada drushyaanni chithreekarinchadaaniki, oka raitu thana bhoomini varadalu cheyadaaniki angeekarinchaadu. varada taruvaata nirgamana drushyamlo, 300 eddula bandlu, 200 mandhi raitulu mariyu aneka gurralu, tractorlu mariyu nagalini upayoginchaaru. veetannintinee graamastulu tirigi chellinchakundaa andubaatulo unchaarane prajaadarana pondina nammakam gurinchi gayatri chatterjee thana pustakamlo raasaaru. ayithe, nirmaanaaniki sambandhinchina khaataa ledgerlu graamastulaku chellinchinatlu velladinchaayi. eee chitramlo oka sudeergha sannivesam undhi, indulo raadha akkada daakkunna thana kumarudu birju anae tirugubaatu dongala kosam vetukutuu mandutunna endugaddi guttala madhya parugettutundi. gujarat looni suurat looni umra praantamloo endugaddi bellanu kalchadam dwara agnipramaadam jarigina drushyaanni chitreekarinchaaru. narghese mariyu dhath doubles lekunda agnipramaadam jarigina pradaesamloe natinchaaru. 1957 marchi 1naa, agnipramaadam jarigina pradaesamloe gaali dhisha maari, mantalu adupu tappadamtho, narghese chikkukupovadamto pramaadam jarigindi. aamenu dutt rakshinchaadu, athanu ventane oka duppati pattukuni, lopaliki padi, aamenu rakshinchaadu. iddarikee gayalu kaavadamtho shooting tatkalikamga nilipivesaaru. dhath kaalina gaayaala kaaranamgaa aasupatrilo cheraaru mariyu billimoraloni khaan intlo narghese ataniki nursing cheyadamlo sahaayapadindi. narghese-aaa samayamlo oka pramukha nati-thana sinee kereer prarambha dasalo unna mariyu eee chitramlo aame kumarudiga natinchina dhath thoo premalo padindi; vaaru 1958 marchi 11naa vivaham chesukunnaru. narghese eee chitram tarvaata ventane vivaham chesukovalani korukunnaru, conny terapai talli-koduku nija jeevita vivaham eee chitraaniki vinaasakaramgaa untundani khaan nirasana vyaktam chesaaru. vaari sambandham kaaranamgaa, narghese kooda laatheetho datnu kottina sannivesaanni pradarsinchadam kashtamgaa anipinchindi.
theemlu.
vividha rachayitalu raadha (krishna devuni premikudu, prema mariyu srungaaraanni vyaktaparichae vyakti), seethaa (hinduu itihaasam ramayana yokka daivika kathaanaaika, adhika naitika viluvanu vyaktaparichae vyakti), savitri (goppa naitikata mariyu bhartha patla vidheyatanu suuchistumdi), droupadi (vidhi mariyu naitikatanu vyaktaparustundi), dharti-maataa (bhoomi-talli devata) mariyu lakshmi (sreyassu yokka hinduu devata) vanti hinduu pouraanika devatalu mariyu paatralatho raadha paatranu gurtistaaru. eee sunnitamaina devatalato paatu, raadha paatra durga mariyu kaalhi vanti marinta krooramaina yodha devatalu yokka chaayalanu kaligi undhi. sinee panditulu soumyamgaa pravartinche, vidheyudaina kumarudu ramunu ramayana puraanam yokka ramuditho, mariyu krishna anae srungaara chattaviruddhamaina birjuni-thana atikramanalaku prasiddhi chendina krishna devunito poolchaaru. aamenu vidichipettina raadha bhartha shamu (krishna maroka paeru) kooda pouraanika vruttaamtaalaloo thana premikudu radhanu vidichipettina krushnatho samanam. bhaarata maata" anae birudu mariyu raadha paatra hinduu maatru devataku matrame kakunda, saadhaaranamgaa hinduu deevatagaa suchinchabade bharatadesa jaateeya vyaktitvamaina bhaarata maata (aksharala "bhaarata maata") kuu kooda suuchanalugaa varninchabaddaayi.
puerto rico vishwavidhyaalayaaniki chendina professor nalini natarajan prakaram, narghese talli bharatadesam anedi oka hinduu mahila yokka paryaayapada praatinidhyam, idhi adhika hinduu viluvalanu pratibimbistumdi, dharma naitikata mariyu talli aatma tyaagam. chalanachitra panditudu jyotika virdi "bhaarata maata" nuu talli, devudu mariyu chaitanyavantamaina desham yokka trimuurtula roopakam gaa kooda chudavachani raasaaru. vijay mishra thana 2002 pustakam "bollywood cinema temples off korika" loe, bhaarata maata aneka vidhaluga oka chihnamgaa undani abhiprayapaddaru-oka devathatho sambandham kaligi undatam, bharyaga, premikudigaa aame paatra, mariyu chivarilo vishnu samrakshakudu mariyu shivudu vidhvamsakudu, purusha deevatalugaa natinchadam dwara aame streetvaanni rajipadatam.
bharatiya chalanachitra panditulu gokulsang mariyu dsanaike prakaram, saampradaaya hinduu viluvalanu korukuneppatiki, bhaarata talli paatra bharatiya cinema mariyu samaajamlo talli yokka maarutunna paatranu kooda suuchistumdi, endukante talli ellappuduu longadu ledhaa thana bhartapai aadhaarapadadu, purusha lingam ledhaa pitruswamya saamaajika nirmaanaalatoo sambandhaanni meruguparustundi. kotta antarjaateeyavaadi" 1999 sameekshalo raadha vidheyatagala bhaarya nundi swatantra talligaa maari, tadwara hindhi chithramloni stree muusapoetalanu vichchinnam chestundani chepparu. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, 2012loe "dhi hinduu" vaartaapatrikalo raasina oka vyaasamlo, rachayitri taarini sridharan stree pavitrata, bhaarya bhakti, mariyu santha maatrutvam vanti amsaalanu etthi chuupaaru, ivi linga muusapoetalanu balopetam chestaayi. stree gowravaanni kaapaadataaniki maatrutvaanni tyaagam chese charyanu kondaru streevaadi anie pilustundagaa, itara rachayitalu dheenini mahilala "izzat" (gowravam) nuu gowravinche pitruswamya graama nirmaanaanni rakshinchadaaniki oka samaja mahila chesina prayatnamgaa chuustaaru. paaschaatya prekshakulaku eee chitram yokka saamaajika sandarbhaanni parichayam cheyadaaniki oka prachara karapatram bharatiya mahilalanu "bhaaratadesamlo oka balipeetam" gaa abhivarninchindi, mariyu bhaaratheeyulu "vaari mahilala pavitrata dwara vaari jaathi yokka dharmanni kolustaaru", mariyu "bharatiya tallulu yugaala sampradaayam mariyu samskrutini chuttumutte kendra binduvu."
2002loe "dhi newyork times" loe vacchina sameekshalo, chitra vimarsakudu dave kehar eee chitraanni "stella dallas" (1937) thoo poolchaaru, indulo kathaanaaika chesina tyaagaala shreni yokka nepathya saaruupyata, mariyu "goan vith dhi wind" (1939) thoo saamaajika tirugubaatlanu pratibimbimchae oka itihaasamgaa poolchaaru. sinee vimarsakudu maark daayaadulu mariyu rachayita tejaswini ganthi eee chitram bharatiya cinema yokka "gaalitho poyindi" anie angeekaristunnaaru.
bhaarata maata" anae padaanni "valasavaada mariyu jaateeyavaada charchalalo 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo udbhavinchina bhaarata deshaaniki oka saadhaarana chihnamgaa" nirvachinchaaru. mother india" (2002) rachayita gayatri chatterjeetho sahaa chaalaa mandhi rachayitalu eee chitraanni deshabhaktini, kottagaa swatantram pondina desamlo maarutunna paristhitini, british adhikaram lekunda bharatadesam elaa panichestundo soochinche oka upamanamga ardham chesukunnaru. idhi "bhuswamya mariyu valasavaada anachiveta" nundi vimukti pondina aadhunika bharatadesam yokka kathanu pratidhvanistundi. kevalam 10 samvatsaraalu matrame swatantramgaa unna desamlo "bhaarata maata" yokka ullasanni pradarsinchi, bharatiya prajalapai deerghakaalika saamskrutika prabhavanni choopinanduku eee chitram oka praacheena jaateeya chitram. chalanachitra panditudu saibal chatterjee "bhaarata maata" nii "swatantra bharatadesaniki addam" gaa bhaavistaaru, idhi saamaanya prekshakulaku ardhamayye naatakeeya paddhatiloo, runadaatala dwara raitulanu graameena dopideetho sahaa kotta desham yokka samasyalanu highlight chestundi. idhi aaa samayamlo prajala vyavasaya pedarikam mariyu kashtalanu kooda suuchistumdi. chitram chivarilo pacchani polaalaku neetipaarudala chese kaaluva nundi pravahinche errati neetini kotta swechhaa bharatadesanni pooshinchadaaniki pravahinche swaatantyra poraatamlo bhaaratheeyula raktaanni soochinche roopakamgaa chatterjee chuustaaru. bhuswamya kramam aasannamaina mugimpunu suuchimchadaaniki eee kaaluvanu virdi varninchaaru. ayithe, eee chitramlo bhuswamya anachivetaku vyatiraekamgaa raadha chesina poraatam unnappatikee, tirugubaatu birjunu aapi, bhuswamya, pitruswamya kramam-yathaathatha sthithini samarthinche aame charyanu vividha rachayitalu "tirogamana" gaa chuustaaru.
dakshinaasiyaalooni media mariyu prajaadarana pondina samskrutipai adhyayanamlo, rachayita mahasweta baruva eee chitram tallini oka desamgaa roopaka praatinidhyam, mariyu bharatadesamloni ekaika mahilaa pradhana mantri indiraagaandhii thana padaveekaalamlo (1966-77, mariyu 1980-84) koorutuu prayatninchina bhaaratadaesamtoe unna paeru maaruperu gurtimpuku madhya samaantaramgaa geesaaru. zaan david slocum thana pustakam "terrorism, media, liberation" loe satyajit rae yokka classic kalakhandam "pather panchaali" (1955) laaga, khaan yokka "mother india" "bhaarateeyata yokka pratyaamnaaya nirvachanaala kosam potipadindani vaadinchaaru. edemaina, eee chitram desham yokka bahiranga pouraanika mariyu streelingam anie ayana nokki chepparu, dheenilo bharatiya prekshakulu tama oohanu jaateeyavaada sandarbhamlo nirvachinchadaaniki upayoginchaaru, vaastavaaniki, kathaamsam uttara bharatadesaniki chendina paedarikamtoe badhapaduthunna raitu gurinchi, aadhuneekarinche, saktivantamaina desham yokka nijamaina aalochana kaadu.
radha-birju sambandham "eedipal elements" kaligi undani chaalaa mandhi rachayitalu varninchaaru; thana pavitrataloo, raadha thana laingika korikalanu thana kumaarula patla talli premagaa maarustundani, vaaru samarthavantamgaa "pratyaamnaaya srungaara vishayalugaa" maarataarani virdi vaadinchaaru. raadha bhartha chetulanu nokkadam, pedda koduku yokka mellovence napumsakatvaanni suuchistumdani mishra abhiprayapaddaru, idhi birju tirugubaatuku viruddhamgaa undhi, idhi laingika saktitoe gurtinchabadindi. chakravartula abhiprayam prakaram, birju thana talli kankanaala patla makkuva athani odipal korikala vyakteekarana. sos looni bharatiya samskrutulu mariyu cinema professor rachel dwire, eee chitramlo edipaul amsaalu elaa "anumanaspadamga sajavuga" saripotayo mariyu eee chitramlo talli mariyu kodukugaa natinchina narghese mariyu dhath madhya tera velupala srungaaram elaa untundo vivarinchaadu. rachayita vilium vaan derr hyde prakaram, thana sonta kumarudini chithreekarinchadamlo chitram chivarilo raadha chesina charyalu naitikatanu kaapaadataaniki saampradaaya talli-koduku sambandhaanni vichchinnam cheyadam. idhi tyaagam chese vyaktigaa, vidhvamsakuraligaa kooda vyavaharinchae talli vyaktitvaaniki aspashtatanu tecchindani, thana sonta kodukunu naasanam chesindani, idhi hindhi cinemalo arudaina vishayam anie virdi etthi chuupaaru. oka graameena ammayipai birju laingika charyalanu (idhi uttara bhaarata graameena samskrutilo vivaahetara sambandham) vivaahetara sambandham gala talli-koduku sambandhaaniki mariyu chivariki athani maranaaniki pratyamnaayamgaa nishiddha ullanghanaku sikshagaa aame ardham chesukuntundi.
eeshun mariyu woods vanti rachayitalu raadha mariyu raamu kashtalu mariyu anyaayamtho poradadamlo dharmam yokka muula vijaetalu anie paerkonnaaru, ayithe birju oka konte pillavadu, athanu araachakavaadi avtadu, athani aniyantrita tirugubaatu kramaanni naasanam chestundi. chitramlo raadha "dharmam" (sahaja chattam ledhaa kramam) nuu samardhinchinappatikii, prekshakula nundi gurtimpunu saadhinchadam birju anie mishra paerkonnaaru; athani tirugubaatulo saamaajika maarpuku daariteese raajakeeya charyala agenda undhi. ituvanti viruddhamaina aalochanala kaaranamgaa, eee chitram chaalaa anugunamgaa undani, inca "dhikkaram lekunda vidhvamsakamgaa" undani mishra paerkonnaadu.
eee chitramlo bollywood yokka "atyanta samanvaya hinduu-muslim swabhaavam" undani sinee panditudu vijay mishra etthi chuupaaru. eee paatranu hinduu matamloki marchadam, oka hinduvutoe aame nija jeevita vivaham kaaranamgaa narghese kuu "bhaarata maata" anae paeru vachindani parama raay vivarinchaaru; raay prakaram, aame eee chitramlo muslim vaerpaatuvaadaanni thyajinchina vyaktigaa raasaaru. thana navala "dhi moors laast sig" (1995) loe salman rushdie eee chitrampai chesina vyaakhyaanamlo mishra keelaka viluvanu kanugonnadu, dheenilo rushdie vivarinchaaduh
swaagatam.
vidudala mariyu baxafies vadda.
1957 augustu 15naa bharatadesa swaatantyra padava vaarshikotsavaanni puraskarinchukuni "mother india" nuu vidudala cheyaalani nirmaana brundam yochinchindi, conny eee chitram rendu nelala taruvaata vidudalaindi. idhi 25 october 1957naa mumbailooni liberty cinemalo deepavali samayamlo pradarsinchabadindi; idhi oka samvatsaraaniki paiga nirantaram swechchagaa nadichindi. adhe roeju kolkata (appudu kalakatta anie piluvabade) loe mariyu oka vaaram taruvaata dhilleelo vidudalaindi. idhi november chivari natiki bharatadesamloni anni praantaalaku cherukundi. prabhutva mantrulu mariyu itara adhikaarulanu premiyarlaku aahvaninchaaru, mariyu 23 october 1957naa newdhilleelooni rashtrapati bhawan (rashtrapati nivaasam) loe pratyeka pradarsana jarigindi; eee kaaryakramaaniki rashtrapati rajendra prasad, pradhana mantri jawaharlal nehru mariyu ayana kumarte indira gandhi hajarayyaru. paschima bengaul mukhyamantri bidhan chandra raay, governor padmaja nayudu kolkattaalo jarigina oka pradarsanaku hajarayyaru. eee chitram jaateeyavaada sandesamto akattukunna bombai rashtra mukhyamantri morarjee desai eee chitraaniki raashtramlo vinoda pannu nundi minahaayimpu icchaaru.
mother india" baxafies aadaayaalapai nammadagina samacharam andubaatulo ledhu. idhi 1990la madhyakaalam varaku bharatadesamloni theatres nirantaram pampinhee cheyabadindi. 1970laloe eee chitram patla aasakti perigindi, deenivalla tiketla ammakalu perigayi. chatterjee prakaram, idhi dhhillee, uttara pradesh, gujarat, karnataka (appudu mysur rashtram anie piluvabadedi) mariyu maharashtralo anoohyamgaa manchi vyapaaraanni chesindi. chalanachitra vaanijya websitelu daani vyaapaaraaniki sambandhinchina anchanaalanu andistaayi. mughal-eah-aajam" (1960) varaku oka bharatiya chitraaniki atyadhika vasoollu, "mother india" dravyolbana-sardubaatu nikara janavari 2008thoo samanamga untundani anchanaa vaestuu, baaks office india eee chitram yokka nikara sekarananu ichindi. taruvaata 2017loe baaks office india anchanaa prakaram "mother india" desheeya baxafies vadda 100 millionlaku paiga vasoollu saadhinchindi, idhi dravyolbananiki sardubaatu chesinappudu anni kalalalo atyadhika vasoollu saadhinchina bharatiya chitraalalo okatigaa nilichindi. eee chitram vijayam khaan thana tadupari chitraaniki "sunn off india" anie paeru pettadaniki daariteesindi. 1962loe vidudalaina eee chitraaniki manchi aadarana labhinchaledu.
"mother india" spanish, french mariyu russian thoo sahaa aneka european bhaashalalo anuvadinchabadindi; idhi grease, speyin mariyu russialo gananeeyamaina vyaparam chesindi mariyu thoorpu block deshaalalo vidudalaindi. technicolor 1958 juun 30naa paarislo "less braslets dii 'oor" ("dhi goaled braslets") paerutoe eee chitram yokka oka pradarsananu erpaatu chesindi. idhi paarislo takkuva vyaparam chesindi, conny french kaalaneelalo merugga panichesindi. idhi latin american deshaalalo paeru, bolivia mariyu ekuvadorlalo vijayavantamaindi. "mother india" arab prapanchavyaaptamgaa, madhyapraachyamlo, aagneyaasiyaaloni konni praantaalalo mariyu uttara aafrikaalo kooda prasamsalu andukundi mariyu vidudalaina kaneesam padeella tarvaata kooda algeria vanti deshaalalo pradarsinchadam konasaagindi. idhi 1959 juulai 9naa americalo vidudala cheyabadindi, dheeniki takkuva spandana labhinchindi, 1961loe UKloe vidudalaina chitram kooda vaanijyaparamgaa viphalamaindi. aangla upasheershikalato kuudina prarambha antarjaateeya version bharatiya vidudala kante 40 nimishalu takkuvagaa undhi.
2013 natiki, "mother india" anedi anni praantaala enn. tii. ess. sii. formatlo dvdlo andubaatulo undhi, dheenini eeros entertainment pampinhee chestundi.
sameekshalu.
filmfare" loe samakaaleena sameeksha taaraaganam yokka utsaahabharitamaina natnanu prasamsimchimdi mariyu eee chitram "raboye chaalaa kaalam paatu gurthundipothundi" anie cheppindi. filmindia" (december 1957) kii chendina baburao patel "mother india" vidudalaina tarvaata "bhaaratadesamlo nirminchina goppa chitram" gaa abhivarninchaaru mariyu narghese paatranu yea itara nati cheyalekapoyevarani raasaaru. 1958loe oka british patrika "nelawari chalanachitra bulletin" loe oka sameeksha, antarjaateeya samskarananu 40 nimishalu tagginchinanduku UKlooni prekshakulu krutagnatato undaalani, dheenini "raag-byaag pantomime" anie paerkonnaaru. 1959loe us loe vidudalaina taruvaata, irene therer eee chitraanni "newyork post" loe sameekshinchaaru, indulo aame daani "adbhutamaina naatakeeya aakarshana" nuu prasamsimchimdi, conny saamskrutika vibhedaala kaaranamgaa dheenini american prekshakulu angeekarinchakapovachani bhayapadindi. studies yaan airish traimaasika sameeksha" anae patrikalo 1976loe vacchina oka vyaasamlo, rachayita maikhel gallaghar eee chitraanni "raajakeeya roopakaalu mariyu choukaina sangeethaala adbhutamaina misramam, instein yokka aakattukune mariyu" show boat "yokka saamaanyata madhya misramam" anie kanugonnaru. 1999loe "kotta antarjaateeyavaadi" narghese natnanu "aadarsapraayamainadi" gaa bhaavinchi, "saampradaaya mariyu radikal madhya kalaatmakamgaa mariyu rajakeeyamgaa" "bhaarata maata" loe spashtamgaa kanipinche telivaina paraspara charyanu gurtinchaaru.
2002loe "dhi village vois" anae vyaasamlo, chalanachitra vimarsakudu zhe. eee chitraanni spashtamaina asambaddhamaina amsaalatoe kuudina "daarunamaina" masala "gaa hoberman abhivarninchaaru."soviet-shaili tractor-opera, italian neo-realism, hollywood kiddy-cutense, dozenu technicolor sangeeta sankhyalu mariyu mukhyamgaa, pop hinduu matam yokka roopaka porala mishramamgaa ayana dheenini varninchaaru."hoberman eee natnanu" "vistrutamainadi" "gaa vimarsinchaaru, alaage eee chitram yokka" "aspashtamaina vamapaksha" "jaateeyavaada prabhavam gurinchi kooda raasaaru". 2002loe "film threat" kosam vraasina phil haall, eee chitraanni anoohyamgaa nidaanamgaa mariyu yeka-dimensionalga abhivarninchindi, mariyu "metrikide yokka vinodabharitamaina bhaavanalanu bharinchakunda eee chitraanni bharinchadaaniki raajyaamgaalalo atyanta balamainavi avasaramavutaayi" anie vyaakhyaaninchindi."" "dhi independent" "kuu chendina jonathan romney bhoomi-talli radhanu" "anna magnaniki bharatadesam yokka samadhanam" "gaa mariyu eee chitraanni" "saiddhaantika puraana nirmaanamloo sampoorna vyayamam" "gaa gamaninchaaru"."mahilala feature servies", 2007 vyaasamlo, "mother india" "nuu" swaatantyraanantara yugamlo atyanta atyuttama chitraalalo okatigaa perkondi."hinduu" kii chendina jiah uss salaam 2010loe ilaa vraasaaru "mehboob aaa vyaktini saarvatrikatato militam cheyagaligadu, tadwara daani sunnitatvamto rajipadakunda chitram yokka aakarshananu penchaadu."
avaardulu.
"mother india", narghese mariyu mehboob khaan aneka avaardulu mariyu nominations andukunnaru. narghese 1958loe filmfare uttama nati avaardunu geluchukundi mariyu prastuta check republicklo carlovy shreni antarjaateeya chalana chitrotsavamlo uttama nati avaardunu andukunna modati bhaarateeyuraalu ayindi. "mother india" uttama chitramgaa filmfare avaardunu geluchukundi mariyu khaan chitraaniki uttama darsakudu, faradoon iraniki uttama cinematographer mariyu aarr. kaushik. 1958loe, eee chitram uttama videshee bhasha chitramgaa academy avaarduku bharatadesam yokka modati samarpanagaa nilichindi mariyu eee vargaaniki aidu nominationlalo okatigaa empika cheyabadindi. 120 nimishala nidivi gala antarjaateeya version, ascarla kosam pampabadindi. adanamgaa, eee samskaranalo aangla upasheershikalu unnaayi, mariyu academyni saantimpajeyadaaniki communist sutthi mariyu kodavalini kaligi unna mehboob productions logonu tolaginchaaru. 120 nimishala version taruvaata columbia pictures dwara yuu. ess mariyu yukelo pampinhee cheyabadindi. eee chitram academy avaardunu geluchukovadaaniki daggaragaa vachindi, conny federico phelini yokka "nites off cabiria" chetilo oke otutho odipoyindi. avaardu geluchukolekapovadamto khaan puurtigaa niraasa chendaadu. "athanu pootiiloo unna itara chitraalanu chushadu mariyu" mother india "vaati kante chaalaa goppadani nammadu" anie dasaabdaala taruvaata suneel dhath gurthu chesukunnaru. idhi 1957loe 5va jaateeya chalanachitra puraskaralalo rendu avaardulanu kooda geluchukundih uttama chalana chitraaniki akhila bhaarata arhata dhruvikarana patram mariyu hindeeloo uttama chalana chitraaniki arhata dhruvikarana patram.
sangeetam.
mother india" kii sangeetam mariyu soundtraaknu naushad swaraparichaaru. mehboob khaan naushaadtoo enimidi chitraallo panichesi, athanitho anubandhaanni penchukunnaaru. saahityam shakeel badaayuni raasaaru. soundtracklo 12 paatalu unnaayi mariyu indulo mahmad rafee, shamshad begum, lathaa mangeshkar mariyu mannah day gaatradaanam chesaaru. vidudalaina tarvaata dheeniki antagaa aadarana labhinchaledu, mariyu vimarsakulu idhi chitram yokka adhika sthaayi mariyu naanhyathatho saripoladam ledani chepparu. ayithe, daani taruvaati spandana marinta sanukoolamgaa undih soundtrack 2000laloe sankalanam cheyabadina bollywood yokka "100 gratest bollywood soundtrackla" jaabitaalo nilichindi. sameeksha albumku 10kii 7.5 nakshatraalanu ichindi.
"paaschaatya shaastreeya sangeetam mariyu hollywood taraha archestranu kaligi unna hindhi chitraaniki "mother india" mottamodati udaaharana. oka udaaharana sannivesamlo oka kodaa, dheenilo birju thana talli nundi paaripoyi aamenu tiraskaristaadu. idhi teegalu, kalapa gaalulu mariyu baakaalato kuudina saktivantamaina symphonic archestranu kaligi undhi. eee archestra sangeetamlo vistrutamaina varnatatvam, taggina edava mariyu perigina pramaanaalu unnaayi. indulo violine tremolos kooda unnaayi. aanne morkam "hindhi chalanachitra paatalu mariyu cinema" loe eee bhaagam madhuramainadi mariyu "chaalaa kalatapettedi" anie raasaaru. bharatiya cinemalo paaschaatya taraha archestranu upayoginchadam valla "mughal-eah-aajam" (1960) vanti aneka taruvaati chitraalanu prabhaavitam chesindi, idhi udrikta kshanaallo vaataavaranaanni srushtinchadaaniki ilanti asambaddhamaina archestra sangeetaanni kaligi undhi. shamshad begum paadina "holey aayi rae conhoy" paata, sitaradevi nrutyam oka vilakshanhamaina hindhi chalanachitra pataga perkonabaddaayi, dheenini oka mahilaa gayani vraasi, paadaaru, idhi bhavodvegamto kuudinadi, idhi saamuuhika prekshakulanu aakarshistundi.
vaarasatvam.
"mother india" "bahusha bharatadesapu atyanta gouravaneeyamaina chitram", "oka cinema itihaasam", "hindhi cinema yokka genda mose vyakti mariyu daani swantha hakkulo oka puraanam", mehboob khaan yokka "magnum opas" mariyu "aall-time blockbuster" gaa varninchabadindi, idhi bharatadesamloni atyanta vijayavantamaina chitraalalo atyadhika sthaanamlo undhi ". idhi moodu dasaabdaalaku paiga theatres nirantara pampinheelo undhi; 1990la madhyalo upagraha television raakato mariyu bharatiya chalanachitra veekshanha alavaatlalo maarputho eee rikaardu mugisindi. "mother india' kevalam 'kismat' (1943), 'mughal-eah-aajam' (1960), 'shole' (1975), 'humm aapake hye cown' vanti chitraala chinna sekaranaku matrame chendinadi..!"(1994), mariyu" "dilwale dulhania lae jaayenge" "(1995), ivi bharatadesam antataa padepade veekshinchabadutunnaayi mariyu saamskrutika praamukhyata kaligina khachitamaina hindhi chitraalugaa pariganhinchabadutunnaayi". uttama videshee bhasha chitramgaa academy avaarduku nominate ayina moodu bharatiya chitraalalo idhi kooda okati (migilinavi "salaam bambe!")"mariyu" "lagaon" ")". hindustan times" (2007loe) "eee chitram yokka ghaataina saamaajika suuchanalu" "nedu laabhaaniki vikrayinchadaaniki chaalaa kathinamainavi" "anie gurtinchindi. conny eee hridaya vidaaraka katha bhaaratheeyulanu aasanu, garvaanni nimpindi."eee chitram 1971loe telugu bhaashalo" "bangaaru talli" "gaa, 1978loe tamilamlo" "punnia boomi" "gaa punarnirminchabadindi".
"mother india" nem. 2010loe "empire" patrika "prapancha chalanachitraala yokka 100 uttama chitraalalo" 80va sthaanamlo nilichindi. "1001 sinimaalu meeru chanipoye mundu tappaka chuudaali" (migilinavi "dilwale dulhania lae jaayenge" mariyu "diwar") anae pustakamlo unna moodu hindhi chitraalalo idhi okatigaa jabita cheyabadindi. sinee vimarsakudu anupama chopra dheenini prapancha chalanachitraalalo thana top 100 chitraala jaabitaalo cherchindi. 2005loe, india times sinimaalu eee chitraanni "tappaka chudavalasina top 25 bollywood chitraalalo" okatigaa perkonnaayi. british film institute 2002loe nirvahinchina "top 10 indian films" pole loe idhi moodava sthaanamlo nilichindi. idhi 2010loe "time" yokka uttama bollywood classicla jaabitaalo mariyu 2013loe CNN-IBN yokka "anni kaalaalaloonuu 100 goppa bharatiya chitraala" jaabitaalo kooda cherchabadindi. eee chitram 2004 canness film festivalloni "canness classic" vibhaagamlo pradarsinchabadindi.
mother india" bharatadesanni prapancha patamlo unchadame kakunda, aaa taruvaati dasaabdaala paatu hindhi sinimaalanu kooda nirvachinchindani cnn-ibn kuu chendina rajeev masand paerkonnaaru."idhi tadupari 50 samvatsaraala paatu bharatiya chitraalanu prabhaavitam chesindani chitra vimarsakudu dave kehar angeekaristunnaaru. hindhi sinimaalapai 1983 chaanal 4 documentary eee chitraanni bharatiya cinemalo oka pramaanamgaa abhivarninchindi. cinema chivarilo narghese yokka shooting vaikhari hindhi cinema yokka aall time iconic chitraalalo okati. itara pramukha drushyaalalo raadha nagalini polamlo lagadam (paina unna cinema posternu chudandi) mariyu nagalini lagutunnappudu thana iddaru kumaarulaku chapaatiilu tinipinchadam unnaayi. narghese tallulanu suuchistumdani "hindustan times" perkondi, dheenilo [taruvaati chitraalalo] tallulandaru oke rakamaina clitched paatralanu pooshinchaaru. talli mariyu bhoomi maata rendintinee soochinche narghese, celluloid meeda bharatiya tallini amaratvam chesindi, aame kooda poeshistumdi mariyu appudappudu sikshistundi."eee chitram naitikamgaa vyatirekinchina iddaru sodarula manchi chedulanu vyaktaparichae paatranu pooshinchindi, idhi" "gangaa jumna" "(1961) mariyu" "diwar" "(1975) thoo sahaa hindhi chitraalalo punaraavruta muulaamsamgaa maarindi". tirugubaatu birju 1970la hindhi cinemalo udbhavinchina "angri young myaan" paatraku kooda prerananichindi. panditudu brigitte shulz prakaram, british raaj nundi swaatantryam vacchina taruvaata prarambha samvatsaraallo bhaarata yuva ganatantram yokka jaateeya gurtimpunu roopondinchadamlo "mother india" keelaka paatra pooshinchindi, endukante eee chitram pattana mariyu graameena prajalaku bharatiya jaateeya bhavananu vijayavantamgaa teliyajeyagaligindi.

