
laasa

lhasa (; lhasa mandalikah;) anedi prefecture-sthaayi lhasa nagaraniki pattana kendram mariyu nairuti chainaalooni tibet swayampratipatti praantam yokka paripalana rajadhani. lassa nagaram yokka antargata pattana praantam vistruta prefectural lassa nagaramlo bhaagamaina chengwan jilla (<unk>) yokka paripalana sarihaddulato samanamga untundi.
tibeton peethabhoomilo ginning taruvaata rendava atyadhika janabha kaligina pattana praantam lhasa, mariyu, etthu vadda, lhasa prapanchamlooni ettaina nagarallo okati. 17va sataabdam madhyakaalam nundi eee nagaram tibetku mataparamaina, paripalana rajadhaanigaa undhi. ikkada potala pales, jokhang aalayam mariyu norabulingka rajabhavanalu vanti aneka saamskrutikamgaa mukhyamaina tibeton bouddha pradaesaalu unnaayi.
toponymy.
lhasa aksharala tibeton bhaashalo "devatala pradaesam" (, devudu;, pradaesam) anie anuvadistundi. chengwan aksharala chainees bhaashalo "urban gateway" () anie anuvadistundi. puraatana tibeton patraalu mariyu saasanaalu eee pradaesaanni rasa () anie pilichevani, antey "meka sthalam" anie ardham, endukante idhi pasuvula pempakam pradaesam. tibet rajadhaanigaa sthaapinchabadina taruvaata, eee paerunu lasaga marcharu, antey "devatala pradaesam" anie ardham, mariyu bouddhuni pavitra vigrahanni kaligi unna jokhang aalaya nirmaanam puurtayimdi. 822 loe chaina mariyu tibet madhya kudirina oppandamlo, eee praantamlooni jovo alayanni suuchistuu, lassanu modatisaarigaa paerugaa namodu chesaaru.ii. tibetnu chithreekarinchina konni paatha european pataalalo, "barantola" anae paerutoe oka pattanaanni kanugonavacchu; eee pattanam ekkuvagaa lhasa anie soochinchabadindi, itara samayaallo kinghoy provins yokka paschima bhaagamlo aadhunika bulantay/boluntaynu suuchistumdi.
charitra.
7va sataabdam madhya natiki, sangsen gampo yarlung tsangpo nadhi (dheeni diguva praantaalanu bhaaratadesamlo "brahmaputra nadhi" anie pilustaaru) loyalo adhikaaramloki vacchina tibeton saamraajyaaniki nayakudu ayyadu. paschimaana jhangjhung rajyaanni jayinchina taruvaata, athanu rajadhaanini yarlung kuu nairuti disalo unna chonge county (pinyin quingzie xin) looni chingwa taxe koota nundi rassa (lassa) kii marchadu, akkada 637loe athanu marpori parvatam meeda ippudu potala pales unna pradaesamloe modati nirmaanaalanu nirminchaadu.
eee samayaniki mottam tibeton praantaanni jayinchina sangtsen gampo, cree. sha. 639 mariyu 641loe, rendu kootami vivahalu kudurchukunnatlu chebutaaru, modata nepaul yuvarani bhrikutitho, aapai, rendu samvatsaraala taruvaata, saamraajya tong aasthaanaaniki chendina yuvarani venchengtho. bhrikuti aayananu bouddhamatamloki maarchaarani chebutaaru, idhi ayana rendava bhaarya venchengku aapaadinchabadina vishwaasam kooda. 641loe athanu rendu buddha vigrahalanu, akshobhya vajra (enimidella vayasulo buddhudini varninche) mariyu jovo sakyamuni (pannendu samvatsaraala vayassulo buddhudini varninche) nuu unchadaaniki lasalo jokhang (ledhaa rasa trulnang sulagkhang) mariyu ramoche devaalayaalanu nirminchaadu, veetini varusaga yuvaraanulu thana aasthaanaaniki teesukuvacchaaru. 9va sataabdamloo langderma paalanalo pavitra sthalaalu naasanam cheyabadi, apavitram cheyabadi, saamrajyam vichchinnam ayinappudu lhasa vistrutamaina nashtanni chavichusindi.
oka tibeton sampradaayam prakaram saa. sha. 649loe sangtsen gampo maranam taruvaata.ii.chaina dalaalu lassanu swaadheenam chesukuni erra rajabhavananni tagalabettaayi. chainees mariyu tibeton panditulu eee sanghatana chainees charitralalo ledhaa dunhwang yokka tibeton vraatapratullo prastaavinchabadaledani paerkonnaaru. eee sampradaayam interpolation nundi udbhavinchavacchani lii suuchimchaaru. sepone doubleu. dii. chaina dalaala raakanu nivedistunna aaa charitralu sarainavi kaavu" anie shakappa nammutaaru."
9va sataabdamloo racharikam patanam nundi 5va dalai lama pattabhishekam varaku, tibeton praantamloo raajakeeya adhikara kendram lasalo ledhu. ayithe, sataabdaalu gadichekoddi oka mataparamaina pradaesamgaa lhasa yokka praamukhyata marinta gananeeyamgaa maarindi. padmasambhavudu bhuu rakshasudini adbhutamgaa kindaku laagi, aame gundepai jokhang aalayaaniki punaadi vesina tibet kendramgaa dheenini pilicheevaaru. islam matam 11va sataabdam nundi undhi, idhi ellappuduu ekasila bouddha samskrutigaa pariganinchabadutundi. rendu tibeton muslim samajalu lasalo vibhina gruhalu, aaharam mariyu dustulu, bhasha, vidya, vaanijyam mariyu saampradaaya mulika vaidyamtho nivasinchaayi.
15va sataabdam natiki, jay tsonkhapa mariyu athani shishyulu moodu pedda jelugpa mataalanu sthaapinchina taruvaata lhasa nagaram praamukhyatanu santarinchukundi. tibetloni puritanical bouddha punarujjeevanamlo bhaagamgaa nirminchina ganden, sera mariyu drepung anae moodu mathaalu. eee jelugpa vamsam yokka panditula vijayalu mariyu raajakeeya parignaanam chivariki lassanu marosari kendra dasaku nettivesindi.
5va dalai lama, lobsang gatso (1617-1682), tibetnu ekikrutam chesi, 1642loe khoshut kuu chendina gushi khaan sahayamtho thana paripalana kendraanni laasaaku marchadu. gushi khaan ekkuvagaa sambandham laeni adhipatigaa, 5va dalai lama mariyu athani sannihitulu poura paripalananu sthaapinchaaru, dheenini charitrakaarulu "lhasa rashtram" anie pilustaaru. eee prabhutva pradhana naayakatvaanni ganden fodrang anie kooda pilustaaru, aaa taruvaata lhasa mataparamaina mariyu raajakeeya rajadhaanigaa maarindi. 1645loe erra kondapai potaala rajabhavanam punarnirmaanam praarambhamaindi. 1648loe, potala yokka "potrang carpo" (tellani rajabhavanam) puurtayimdi, aaa samayam nundi potala nuu dalai lama sheethaakaala rajabhavanamga upayoginchaaru. potrung marpo" (erra rajabhavanam) 1690 mariyu 1694 madhya jodinchabadindi. potala anae paeru dalai lama yokka daivika namuunaa bodhisatva avalokiteshwara yokka pouraanika nivaasamaina potalaka parvatam nundi vachindi. eee samayamlo jokhang aalayam kooda baga vistarinchabadindi. jokhang aalayamloni konni chekka chekkadalu mariyu lintellu 7va sataabdaaniki chendinavi ayinappatikee, potala pales lopala, jokhang mariyu paatha quarterloni konni mathaalu mariyu aastulu vanti lhasa yokka prastuta bhavanaalalo atyanta puraatanamainavi lhasa charitralo eee rendava pushpinche teedeeki chendinavi.
17va sataabdam chivari natiki, lassa yokka barkhor praantam videshee vastuvulaku sandadigaa unde marketga erpadindi. jesuit missionary ayina ippolito decideri 1716loe eee nagaramlo mangol, chainees, muscovite, armenian, kashmiri, nepali mariyu uttara bhaarata vyaapaarula cosmopolitan community undani nivedinchaaru. tibet chakkera, tii, kunkumapuvvu, pertian manhi, european umber mariyu madhyadhara pagadalaku badulugaa kasturi, bangaaram, aushadha mokkalu, bochu mariyu yaak thokalanu suduura marketlaku egumati chestondi. 1720loe king raajavamsam sainyam lasalo pravesinchindi, mariyu king prabhutvam ambaanlu anie piluvabade resident commissionerlu laasaaku pampindi. 1750 november 11naa, ambanlache raajapratinidhi hatya nagaramlo allarlaku daariteesindi, dheenilo ambaanlatoe sahaa vanda mandiki paiga maraninchaaru. tirugubaatudaarulanu anachivesina taruvaata, quing kianlong chakravarthy tibeton prabhutvaanni punarvyavastheekarinchi, 1751loe lasalo kashag anae paalaka mandalini erpaatu chesaadu. 
1904 janavarilo, tibetku british dandayaatra samayamlo british dandayaatra dalam lasapai daadi chesi swaadheenam chesukundi. dandayaatra nayakudu, surr frances young husband, dalai lama graameena praantaalaku paaripoyina taruvaata migilina tibeton adhikaarulatho grate britton mariyu tibet madhya samavesanni charchinchaaru. eee oppandam taruvaata tiraskarinchabadindi mariyu 1906 aangla-chaina oppandam dwara vijayavantamaindi. 1912loe jinhai lhasa gandaragolam taruvaata quing dalaalannii lassanu vidichipettayi.
20va sataabdam natiki, tibeton mariyu videshee bouddhulaku sudeerghakaalam daari chuupina lasalo aneka jatiparamga mariyu mataparamgaa vibhinnamaina sanghaalu undevi, vaatilo kashmiri muslimlu, ladakhi vyaapaarulu, islam matamloki maarina sikku, mariyu chainees vyaapaarulu mariyu adhikarulu unnaaru. kashmiri muslimlu ("khache") laasaaku 5va dalailaamaaku samakaaleenamaina patna muslim sadhuvu khair udh-dhin vaddaku vacchaaru. dakshinaana naalugo vanthu chainees muslimlu, mariyu kaatmandu nundi uttaraana barkhor marketku chendina newar vyaapaarulu nivasinchaaru. lubu parisaraallo nivasinchevaaru chainees kuuragaayala raitula nundi vacchaaru, vaaru pantommidava sataabdam madhyalo sichuwan nundi vacchina ambanto kalisi basa chesaaru; kondaru taruvaata tibeton mahilalatho vivaham chesukunnaru mariyu tibetannu vaari modati bhashaga matladevaru. nagaramloni vyaapaarulu anni rakaala ruchulanu teerchaaru, australian venna mariyu scottish viskeeni kooda digumati chesukunnaru. 1940laloe, heinrich haarar prakaaram-
communistu chainees peeples republic off chaina sthaapana taruvaata, "...) peeples liberation armi (pla) 1950loe desampai daadi chesindi. marchi 1959loe, rajadhani lasapai kendreekrutamaina tirugubaatu, bhaarii anichivetanu prerepinchindi, eee samayamlo dalai lama, tenzin gatso (bii. 1935), bahishkaranaku paaripoyaadu."1950loe chaina prabhutva dalaalu, paripalana sibbandi vacchina taruvaata ituvanti marketlu, viniyogavaadam akasmaattugaa antamayyindi. 1990laloe antarjaateeya vastuvula vaanijyam marosari laasaaku tirigi vachhe varaku, aahara reshanlu, paelavamaina nilvalu unna prabhutva dukaanaalu paatha marketla sthaanamlo nilichayi, mariyu vastuvula carnucopiatho kuudina aarkedlu, malls udbhavinchaayi.
lhasa nagaranni chuttumuttina 22 udyanavanalalo (lingkaalu), vaatilo ekkuva bhaagam ara mailu podavu, lhasa prajalu vihaarayaatralaku alavaatu padina chota, nedu moodu matrame unnaih 7va dalai lama nirminchina norbulinka, dalai lama yokka vesavi rajabhavanam; shugtri lingkaalo oka chinna bhaagam mariyu lukhang. migilina vaatipai vasati gruhalu, karyalayalu mariyu sainika sthaavaraalu nirminchabaddaayi.
1792loe aakramana chestunna gurka sainyam otamini jarupukovadaniki potalaku dakshinaana bamare parvatam paina amban dwara gaandi miao ledhaa gazer lakhang alayanni nirminchaaru.
lhasa nagaraniki pradhana dwaaram pedda pargo calling chorten gundaa pravahinchedi mariyu buddha mindukpa yokka pavitra avasheshaalanu kaligi undedi.
1987 mariyu 1989 madhya, laas chaina prabhutvaaniki vyatiraekamgaa sanyaasulu mariyu sanyaasinula netrutvamlo pedda pradarsanalanu edurkondi. 1992loe deng jiaping dakshina paryatana taruvaata, lassanu aardhika saralikaranaku lonayyela prabhutvam aadesinchindi. prabhutva udyogulu, vaari kutumbaalu mariyu vidyaarthulu tama mataanni aacharinchakundaa nishedhinchaaru, ayithe sanyaasulu mariyu sanyaasinulanu prabhutva karyalayalu mariyu tibet vishwavidyaalaya praamganamloki anumatinchaledu. aardhika abhivruddhi vidhaanaalanu pravesapettina taruvaata, valasadaarula pravaham lasalo nagaram yokka jaathi misramaanni natakeeyamgaa maarchindi.
2000loe sumaru 170,000 janaabhaato pattaneekarana praantam cover cheyabadindi. metropolitan praantam yokka adhikaarika ganaamkaalu 70 saatam tibeton, 24.3 hohn, mariyu migilina 2.7 huyy anie nivedistunnaayi, ayithe bayati pariseelakulu tibeton kaanivaaru kontha 50-70 saataaniki kaaranamani anumaanistunnaaru. hohn valasadaarulalo lassanu 'little sichuwan' anie pilustaaru.
bhougolikam.
laasaaku sumaru etthu undhi mariyu tibeton peethabhoomi madhyalo undhi, chuttupakkala parvataalu ettulo unnaayi. samudra mattamtho poliste gaalilo 68 saatam matrame oxygen untundi. laasa nadhi, yaar lung jangbo nadhi (brahmaputra nadhi) yokka upanadi ayina kaii nadhi ledhaa kaii chu kooda nagaram yokka dakshina bhaagam gundaa pravahistundi. sthaanika tibetanlaku "merrie blue waves" anie piluvabade eee nadhi, ninekentangla parvataala manchutho kappabadina sikharaalu mariyu gillies gundaa pravahistundi, cukesu vadda yarlung jangbo nadiloe vistarinchi, khaliga undi, goppa prakruti soundarya praantaanni yerparustundi. chittadi neelalu, ekkuvagaa janavasalu laenivi, uttaraana unnaayi. pravesha mariyu pravesha rahadaarulu thoorpu mariyu padmara vaipu nadustaayi, ayithe uttaraana rahadari moulika sadupayalu takkuvagaa abhivruddhi chendaayi.
paripalana.
chengwan jilla brahmaputra nadiki upanadi ayina lassa nadhi madhyalo undhi, nadiki uttaraana mariyu dakshinaana bhoomi perugutundi.
idhi thoorpu nundi padmara varaku mariyu uttaram nundi dakshinam varaku untundi.
chengwan jillaaku paschimaana doilungdeken jilla, thoorpuna dogje county mariyu uttaraana lunjub county sarihaddulugaa unnaayi. 
lokaa (shannon) prefectureloni gongar county dakshinaana undhi.
chengwan jillaalo ettaina praantam mariyu kavarlu unnaayi.
pattana nirmita praantam cover chestundi.
sagatu vaarshika ushnograta.
vaarshika varshapaatam dadapuga juulai mariyu september madhya untundi.
chengwan jilla" anae padam oka prefectureloni antargata pattana praantam ledhaa pattana kendraaniki paripalana padam, eee sandarbhamlo prefectural-city off lassa. pattana praantam velupala chengwan jillaalo chaalaa bhaagam pradhanamgaa parvata praantamgaa undhi, graameena janabha dadapuga ledhu.
chengwan jilla oka county vale adhe paripalana sthaayilo undhi.
laasaaloni chengwan jilla 1961 april 23naa sthaapinchabadindi. 
prastutam indulo 12 puurtigaa pattana upa jillaalu unnaayi.
vaataavaranam.
chaalaa ettulo unnanduna, lasalo sarihaddu challani pakshika-shushka (coppen "bsk")/ruthupavanaala-prabhaavita thematho kuudina khandantara vaataavaranam (coppen "dwb") undhi, idhi manchu sheethaakaalam mariyu telikapati vesavulato isothermnu upayogistundi, ayinappatikee loya praantam nagaranni teevramaina chali ledhaa vaedi mariyu balamaina gaalula nundi rakshistundi. nelawari suuryarashmi joolailo 53 saatam nundi novemberlo 84 saatam varaku untundi, mariyu nagaram samvatsaraaniki daadaapu 3,000 gantala suuryarasmini pondutundi. anduvalla dheenini konnisaarlu tibetanlu "suuryarashmi nagaram" anie pilustaaru. atyanta challani nela janavari, sagatu ushnograta janavari mariyu atyanta vecchani nela juun, rojuvaaree sagatu juulai nela, ayithe saadhaaranamgaa joolailo raatrulu vecchagaa untaayi. vaarshika sagatu ushnograta, teevramaina ushnogratalu nundi untundi. lasalo vaarshika varshapaatam pradhanamgaa juulai, augustu mariyu september nelallo kurustundi. atyanta podi nela december, mariyu atyanta tadigaa unde nela augustu, augustu. vesavi kaalam samvatsaramlo "uttamamainadi" gaa vistrutamgaa pariganinchabadutundi, endukante varshaalu ekkuvagaa raatri samayamlo vastaayi mariyu lassa pagatipuuta inca endagaa untundi.
svayamchaalakamgaa lekkinchina viluva 68.6 garishta rojuvaaree suuryarashmi gantalanu 12 kante takkuvagaa istundi.-->
janabha.
gatamlo janabha.
1910 mariyu 1911 madhya prachurinchabadina "encyclopedia britanica" yokka 11va sanchikalo nagaram mariyu parisaraallooni laamaalato sahaa lassa mottam janabha sumaru 30,000 anie, 1854loe jarigina janabha ganana prakaram eee sankhya 42,000 gaa namodaindi, conny aaa tarvaata idhi baga taggindi. "lasalo mottam 1,500 mandhi nivaasitulu tibeton saamaanyulu mariyu sumaru 5,500 mandhi tibeton mahilalu unnaarani "britanica" perkondi. shaashwata janabhalo chainees kutumbaalu (sumaru 2,000) kooda unnaayi. nagara nivaasitulaloo nepaul mariyu ladakh (sumaru 800) nundi vyaapaarulu, mariyu bhutan, mangolia mariyu itara pradaesaalaku chendina kondaru unnaaru. britanica" luu lasalo chaineeyulaku raddiigaa unde khananam sthalam undani, vaari vidhananni jagrattagaa chusukunnarani, aaa samayamlo nepaaleelu mechanics mariyu loha kaarmikulanu sarafara chesaarani aasaktigaa paerkonnaaru.
20va sataabdam modati ardhabhaagamlo, vilium montgomeri mcgovern, frances young husband, alegzandra david-neel mariyu heinrich haarar vanti aneka mandhi paaschaatya anveshakulu nagaraniki prasiddha prayaanaalu chesaaru. janabhalo daadaapu sagam mandhi sanyaasulu kaavadamtho lhasa tibeton bouddhamataaniki kendramgaa undedi, ayithe eee sankhyalo vividha vedukala kosam laasaaku prayaaninchina chuttupakkala mataalaku chendina sanyaasulu undavacchu, vaaru saadhaaranamgaa akkada nivasinchaledu.
1950 kii mundu laasaaloni chaina janabhalo ekkuva mandhi vyaapaarulu mariyu adhikarulu. laasaaloni lubu vibhaagamlo, nivaasitulu chainees kuuragaayala raitula vaarasulu, veerilo kondaru tibeton bharyalanu vivaham chesukunnaru. 1840-1860laloe oka chaina adhikari amban hodaaku niyaminchabadina taruvaata vaaru laasaaku vacchaaru.
oka rachayita prakaram, 1959loe drepung mariyu sera mathaalalo sumaru 10,000 mandhi sanyaasulatoe nagaram yokka janabha sumaru 10,000. marovaipu, hoog richardson 1952loe lassa janabhanu "kontha 25,000-30,000-daani shivaarlalooni goppa mathaala janabhanu cherchinatlayithe sumaru 45,000-50,000" gaa unchaadu."
samakaaleena janabha.
lassa prefecture sthaayi nagaram yokka mottam janabha 521,500 (telisina valasa janaabhaato sahaa conny sainika rakshana dalaalanu minahayinchi). veetilo 257,400 mandhi pattana praantamloo (100,700 mandhi valasa janaabhaato sahaa) undagaa, 264,100 mandhi bayata unnaaru. lassa prefecture sthaayi nagara janabhalo daadaapu sagam mandhi chengwan jillaalo nivasistunnaaru, idhi lassa pattana praantaanni kaligi unna paripalana vibhagam.ii. vaastava nagaram).
pattana praantamloo tibeton, hohn, huyy mariyu itara jaathi samuuhaalu nivasistunnaayi. 2000 adhikaarika janabha ganana prakaram mottam janabha 223,001, veerilo 171,719 mandhi nagara veedhi karyalayalu mariyu nagara parisara kamiteelachae nirvahinchabadutunna praantaalalo nivasinchaaru. 
133, 603 pattana registrations mariyu 86,395 graameena registrations, vaati muulam aadhaaramgaa unnaayi.
janabha ganana novemberlo jarigindi, nirmaana vanti kaalaanuguna parisramalalo chaalaa mandhi jaathi hohn kaarmikulu tibetku dhooramgaa undi, sainyanni lekkinchakapovachhu.
2011loe vacchina oka pustakam prakaram nagara nivaasitulaloo moodinta rendu vantula mandhi varaku tibeton yetara prajalu, ayithe mottam chengwan jilla ippatikee 63 saatam tibeton jaathi anie prabhutvam perkondi. tibet hohn janabhalo sagam mandhi jillaalo nivasinchaaru, ikkada paatasaalallo dwibhasha ledhaa puurtigaa chainees bodhana saadhaaranam.
aardhika vyavastha.
pootii parisramalu, feature ekaanami kalisi lhasa abhivruddhilo keelaka paatra poeshistaayi. janabha perugudala mariyu paryaavaranam madhya samatulyatanu konasaginche uddesyamto, paryatakam mariyu seva parisramalu bhavishyat kosam vruddhi chodakaalugaa nokki cheppabaddayi.
laasaaloni graameena nivaasitulaloo chaalaa mandhi saampradaaya vyavasayam mariyu pasusamvardhakaanni abhyasistaaru. tibeton vaanijya vyavasthaku kooda lhasa saampradaaya kendramgaa undhi. chaalaa samvatsaraalugaa, eee praantamloo rasayana mariyu kaarla tayari karmagaralu panicheestunnaayi, dheeni phalitamgaa gananeeyamaina kalushyam erpadindi, idhi iteevali samvatsaraalalo maarina amsam. raagi, seesam mariyu jink sameepamlo tavvabadutunnaayi mariyu khanija tavvakam mariyu bhuushna ushna velikiteeta yokka kotta paddhatulaku sambandhinchi prayogaalu konasagutunnayi.
lasalo vyavasayam mariyu pasusamvardhakaalu adhika pramanaluga pariganhinchabadutunnaayi. prajalu pradhanamgaa ettaina pradaesaalaloo barley mariyu sheethaakaala godhumalanu naatataaru. neeti samrakshana, bhuushna taapana, sourashakti mariyu vividha ganula vanarulu samruddhiga unnaayi. vastraalu, tholu, plaastik, matchlu mariyu embroidery vanti vastuvula utpattilo yantraalu mariyu saampradaaya paddhatula vaadakamtho paatu vistrutamaina vidyut undhi. jaateeya hastakalala utpatti goppa purogati saadhinchindi.
paryatakam mariyu seva rangaala vruddhitho, teevramaina kaalushyaaniki kaaranamayye suuryaastamaya parisramalu aarogyakaramaina paryaavarana vyavasthanu nirminchaalane aasatoe ksheenistaayani bhaavistunnaaru. matti kotha, aamleekarana, vrukshasampada nashtam vanti paryaavarana samasyalu parishkarinchabadutunnaayi. paryataka parisrama ippudu eee praantaaniki gananeeyamaina vyapaaraanni teesukuvastundi, idhi potala pales, jokang, norbullingka vesavi pales mariyu chuttupakkala unna pedda mathaala aakarshanhato paatu madhya aasiyaaloni ettaina praantaalaku chendina aneka adavi mokkalu mariyu jantuvulato adbhutamaina himalaya prakruti drushyaanni nirmistundi. 2008loe nirasanalapai anichiveta taruvaata tibetku paryatakam gananeeyamgaa padipoyindi, conny 2009 lone, parisrama punaruddharinchabadutondi. 2020 natiki 10 millionla mandhi sandarsakulanu lakshyamgaa chesukuni chaina adhikarulu eee praantamloo paryatakam yokka pratishtaatmaka vruddhini plaan chestunnaru; eee sandarsakulu desheeyamgaa untaarani bhaavistunnaaru. potaala pales vanti chaaritraka pradaesaala chuttoo punaruddharanatho, unesco "lassa yokka saampradaaya nagara drushyam ksheeninchadam gurinchi aandolana vyaktam chesindi."
lasalo aneka hotallu unnaayi. lassa hotel anedi nagaram yokka paschima shivaaru praantaallooni norbulinkaku eshaanyamlo unna 4-nakshatraala hotel. 1985 septembarulo puurtayina idhi tibetloni sits samsthaapanalaku pradhaanamainadi. idhi laasaaku sumaru 1000 mandhi atithulu mariyu sandarsakulaku vasati kalpistundi. eee hotels 450kii paiga gadulu (suutlu) unnaayi, mariyu annintiloo air conditioning, minee-baar mariyu itara praathamika soukaryaalu unnaayi. konni gadulu saampradaaya tibeton shaililo alankarinchabaddaayi. eee hotel 1986 nundi 1997 varaku holiday inn dwara nirvahinchabadindi mariyu idhi "prapancha paikappupai unna hotel" anae pustakaaniki sambandhinchina amsam. nagaramloni 8 beijing rahadaaripai unna chaaritraka banak shoal hotel maroka mukhyamaina hotel. idhi vilakshanhamaina chekka varandaalaku prasiddhi chendindi. naam-tso restaurant hotel sameepamlo undhi mariyu mukhyamgaa lassanu sandarsinche chainees paryatakulu tarachugaa vastaaru.
lasalo aneka mukhyamaina vyaparalu unnaayi. tibet vishwavidhyaalayaaniki sameepamlo unna yanhe dang luku dakshinaana unna oka karmagaram, lassa corpet factory, prapanchavyaaptamgaa egumati cheyabade saampradaaya tibeton raggulanu utpatti chestundi. idhi oka aadhunika karmagaram, tibet antataa raggula atipedda tayaareedaaru, sumaru 300 mandhi kaarmikulaku upaadhi kalpistundi. saampradayakamgaa tibeton mahilalu netha kaarmikulu, purushulu spinnerlu, conny iddaroo nedu raggulapai pani chestaaru.
lassa sarai company 1988loe sera mathaaniki dakshinaana unna lassa uttara shivaarlalo sthaapinchabadindi mariyu tibetlo samakaaleena biir utpattilo 85 saatam vatanu kaligi unna prapanchamlone atyadhika vaanijya sarai. aidu antastula bhavanaalatho kuudina sarai tayaareeki sumaru $1 millionla kharchu avtundani anchanaa veyabadindi, 1994 natiki, utpatti rojuku 30,000 seesaalaku cherukundi, eee samayaniki sumaru 200 mandhi kaarmikulaku upaadhi kalpinchindi. 2000 nundi, carlsberg group chaina marketlo thana balamaina sthaanaanni penchukundi mariyu pettubadi mariyu naipunhyamtho desamlo marinta prabhaavavantamgaa maarindi. carlsberg iteevali samvatsaraalalo lassa saaraabatteelo pettubadi pettadu mariyu bruying soukaryam mariyu pani paristhitulanu baga meruguparichadu, bhavananni punaruddharinchi, ippudu 62,240 chadarapu meterlu (15.3 ekaraalu) vistiirnamloo vistarinchaadu.
vaastusilpam mariyu nagara drushyam.
lasalo potala pales, jokhang aalayam, sera matham mariyu norbulinkatho sahaa chaaritraka aasakti unna aneka pradaesaalu unnaayi. potaala pales, jokhang aalayam mariyu norbulinkaalu unesco prapancha vaarasatva pradaesaalu. ayithe, 1960la naati chaina saamskrutika viplavam samayamlone kakunda, chaalaa mukhyamaina pradaesaalu ekkuvagaa debbatinnaayi ledhaa naasanam cheyabaddaayi. 1980la nundi chaalaa varaku punaruddharinchabaddayi.
chenressig ledhaa avalokiteshwara nivaasamaina potaala parvatam paeru meeda pettabadina potaala rajabhavanam dalailama pradhana nivasamga undedi. 1959 tibeton tirugubaatu samayamlo 14va dalai lama bharatadesaniki paaripoyina taruvaata, prabhutvam eee rajabhavananni museumgaa maarchindi. eee pradaesaanni 637loe chainaalooni tong raajavamsaaniki chendina thana vaduvu yuvarani wenn chengku swaagatam palakadaniki akkada modati rajabhavananni nirminchina king sangsen gampo dhyanam kosam upayoginchaaru. goppa aidava dalai lama lojang gatso, thana aadhyaatmika salahaadaarulalo okaraina konchog choffel (mama. 1645) taruvaata potala rajabhavanam nirmaanaanni praarambhinchaadu. 1646), eee pradaesam prabhutva peethamgaa anuvainadani, idhi drepung mariyu sera mathaalu mariyu paatha nagaram lhasa madhya unnanduna anie etthi chuupaaru. eee rajabhavanam 1989 mariyu 1994 madhya punaruddharana panulaku guraindi, dheeni vyayam 55 million dollarlu (us $6.875 million) mariyu 1994loe unesco prapancha vaarasatva jaabitaalo cherchabadindi.
potala krinda unna lassa jhol stambham sumaru cree. sha. 764 naatidi. mariyu tibeton rachanaku atyanta puraatanamaina udaaharanagaa cheppavacchu. eee stambham oka prasiddha tibeton sainyaadhipatiki ankitam cheyabadindi mariyu chainaku vyatiraekamgaa jarigina pooraataalatoo sahaa rajuku ayana chesina sevala gurinchi vivaristundi, idhi cree. sha. 763loe chaina rajadhani changaon (aadhunika zian) nuu kluptamgaa swaadheenam chesukovadamto mugisindi, eee samayamlo tibetanlu tatkalikamga trissang detsen tandri chainees bhaarya ayina mii agtsum yuvarani jincheng gongju (kimm-sheng kaang koo) bandhuvunu chakravartigaa niyaminchaaru.
chokpori antey 'inupa parvatam' anie ardham, idhi potalaku dakshinaana unna oka pavitra konda. idhi madhya tibet looni naalugu pavitra parvathaalalo okatigaa pariganinchabadutundi mariyu laasaaloni maroe rendu kondalatho paatu tibet yokka mugguru rakshakulanu suuchistumdi.", chokpuri (vajrapani), pongwari (manjushree), mariyu marpori (chenressig ledhaa avalokiteshwara). idhi 1413loe sthaapinchabadina mentsikhang anie piluvabade atyanta prasiddha vaidya paatasaala tibet yokka pradaesam. dheenini "goppa" 5va dalai lama ayina lobsang gatso roopondinchaaru, mariyu 1697kii kontakaalam mundu regent sangye gatso (sangs-ragias ragya-mtso) puurti chesaaru.
lingakhore oka pavitramaina maargam, saadhaaranamgaa laasaaloni bayati yaatrikula rahadaariki daani lopali janta ayina barkhorku saripoye paeru pettadaniki upayogistaaru. laasaaloni lingakhore puraatana laasa, potala mariyu chokpori kondalanu sudeerghakaalam chuttumuttindi. poorvakaalamlo idhi modatisaarigaa nagaranni sameepinche purushulu mariyu streelu, sashtanga namaskaralu, bicchagaallu mariyu yaatrikulatoe nindi undedi. eee rahadari villo-shaded paarkula gundaa velutundi, ikkada tibetanlu vesavilo picnic chesevaaru mariyu panduga rojulalo open air operaalanu chusevaru. kotta lhasa lingkhor chaalaa bhaganni tudichipettindi, conny chokporiki paschimaana oka bhaagam ippatikee migili undhi.
norbullingka pales mariyu chuttupakkala unna udyaanavanam laasaaku paschimaana, potala palescu nairuti disalo koddi dhooramlo undhi mariyu chuttupakkala vistiirnamtoe, idhi tibetloni atipedda maanava nirmita udyaanavanamgaa pariganinchabadutundi.
idhi 1755 nundi nirminchabadindi. mariyu 14 va sweeya-vidhinchina bahishkarana varaku varusa dalai lamala saampradaaya vesavi nivasamga panichesindi. norbullingkanu 1988loe rashtra mandali 'jaateeya mukhyamaina saamskrutika avashesha vibhagam' gaa prakatinchindi. 2001loe chaina prabhutva kendra kamitee thana 4va tibet samavesamlo eee samudaayaanni daani asalu vaibhavaniki punaruddharinchaalani nirnayinchindi. show dunn panduga ("perugu panduga" anie prasiddhi chendindi) anedi gregorian calender prakaram juulai/augustulo jarige teedeelaku anugunamgaa pournami kaalam yokka modati edu rojulalo edava tibeton nelaloo norbulinkaalo jarige vaarshika panduga.
barkhor anedi jokhang aalayam chuttoo unna irukaina veedhulu mariyu nagaramloni paatha bhaagamlo oka bahiranga chaturasram unna praantam mariyu yaatrikulu mariyu sthaanikulaku atyanta prachuryam pondina bhakti pradakshina. eee nadaka sumaru oka kilometre () podavu, mottam jokhang, laasaaloni rashtra daivasastram yokka puurva sthaanam ayina muru ningba matham, mariyu tronsikhang mariyu jankhangto sahaa aneka prabhuvula gruhalanu chuttumuttindi. naalugu pradhana disalalo naalugu pedda dhoopam dahana yantraalu ("sangkanglu") undevi, jokhangnu rakshinche devullanu santoshapettadaaniki nirantaram dhoopam veliginchevi. iteevali kaalamlo chaalaa paatha veedhulu mariyu bhavanalu koolchiveyabaddaayi mariyu vaati sthaanamlo vistruta veedhulu mariyu kotta bhavanalu unnaayi. 2008loe jarigina ashanti kaaranamgaa barkhorloni konni bhavanalu debbatinnaayi.
jokhang laasaaloni paatha pattana vibhaagamlo barkhor squarelo undhi. chaalaa mandhi tibetanlaku idhi tibetloni atyanta pavitramaina mariyu mukhyamaina aalayam. idhi konni vishayaalalo paan-sectorian, conny prastutam jelag paatasaalachae niyantrinchabadutundi. potaala palesto paatu, idhi bahusha lasalo atyanta prachuryam pondina paryataka aakarshana. idhi unesco prapancha vaarasatva pradaesamaina "potaala pales yokka chaaritraka samishti" loe bhaagam mariyu lhasa yokka aadhyaatmika kendram. eee aalayam satabdaalugaa bouddha teerthayaathralaku keelaka kendramgaa undhi. pradakshina marganni tibetanlo cora anie pilustaaru mariyu aalaya samudaayam moolallo unchina naalugu pedda raathi dhoopam dahana yantraalato gurtinchabadindi. jokhang aalayam naalugu antastula nirmaanam, paikappulu bangaaru bangaaru palakalatho kappabadi unnaayi. nirmaana shaili bharatiya vihara roopakalpanapai aadharapadi undhi, taruvaata vistarinchabadindi, phalitamgaa nepali mariyu tong raajavamsam sailula misramam erpadindi. indulo chenressig, padmasambhava, king sangson gampo, athani iddaru videshee vadhuvulu, yuvarani wenn cheng (tong chakravarthy taijong menakodalu), nepaul yuvarani bhrukuti mariyu itara mukhyamaina vastuvula vigrahalu unnaayi.
jokhang aalayam taruvaata lasalo atyanta mukhyamaina aalayamgaa ramoche aalayam pariganinchabadutundi. idhi nagaraniki vaayuvya disalo, potalaku thoorpuna mariyu jokhangku uttaraana undhi, mottam 4,000 chadarapu meterla (daadaapu oka ekaramlo) vistiirnamloo undhi. 1960laloe eee aalayam dhvamsamayyi paakshikamgaa dhvamsamayyindi mariyu daani prasiddha kaamsya vigraham adrusyamaindi. 1983loe daani diguva bhaagam lassa chettha konalo, eguva sagam beijing loe kanugonabadindani cheppabadindi. ippudu vaatini kalapadam jarigindi mariyu vigrahanni ramoche aalayamlo unchaaru, idhi 1986loe paakshikamgaa punaruddharinchabadindi, inca 1993loe teevramaina nashtanni choopinchindi. 1986loe pedda punaruddharana taruvaata, aalayamloni pradhana bhavanamlo ippudu moodu antastulu unnaayi.
laasaaloni tibet museum tibet swayampratipatti praantam yokka adhikaarika museum, idhi october 5,1999naa praarambhinchabadindi. idhi tibet swayampratipatti praantamloo modati pedda, aadhunika museum mariyu tibeton kala yokka udaaharanala nundi tibeton talupulu mariyu nirmaana kiranaalu vanti charitra antataa nirmaana roopakalpana varaku sumaru 1000 kalakhandala shaashwata sekarananu kaligi undhi. idhi norbulinga rahadari muulaloe potala palescu paschimaana ell-aakarapu bhavanamlo undhi. museum moodu pradhana vibhagaluga nirvahinchabadutundih pradhana pradarsana mandiram, jaanapada saamskrutika udyaanavanam mariyu paripalana karyalayalu.
tibet saantiyuta vimukti kosam padihedu amsaala oppandam yokka 51va vaarshikotsavaanni jarupukovadaniki mariyu appati nundi swayampratipatti kaligina praantam abhivruddhilo chesina krushini jarupukovadaniki mae 2002loe potala squarelo tibet saantiyuta vimukti smaaraka chihnanni aavishkarinchaaru. 37 meterla ettaina concreat smaaraka chihnam nairoopya mount everest aakaaramlo undhi mariyu daani paeru maajee sisipi pradhana karyadarshi mariyu prc adhyakshudu jiang jaemin yokka chetivraatato chekkabadindi, ayithe oka saasanam gatha yaabhai samvatsaraalalo tibetlo anubhavinchina saamaajika aardhika abhivruddhini vivaristundi.
lasalo mariyu chuttupakkala naalugu maseedulu unnaayi. khache lingka" anie piluvabade mottamodati maseedu 1650 naatidi mariyu idhi nagaraniki paschimaana undhi mariyu rendu sammelanaalanu kaligi undhi. laasa goppa maseedu atyanta pramukhamainadi mariyu 1700 la praarambhamlo nirminchabadindi. laasaaku uttaraana unna dokde maseeduku prakkane oka smasaanavaatika undhi, idhi 1716 naatidi. nalgava maseedu, saadhaaranamgaa "chinna maseedu" (conny barker ledhaa rapsel allie maseedu kooda) gaa piluvabadutundi, dheenini 1900la praarambhamlo nirminchaaru.
samskruti.
sangeetam mariyu nrutyam.
cabarey kaaryakramaalanu pradarsinche konni raatri pradaesaalu unnaayi, veetilo pradarsakulu chainees, tibeton mariyu aanglamlo paadataaru. nrutyakaarulu tama chetula nundi podavaina vastram vistarinchi saampradaaya tibeton dustulanu dharistaaru. pratyaksha sangeetaanni andinche aneka chinna baarlu unnaayi, ayinappatikee avi saadhaaranamgaa parimita paaneeyaala menuulanu kaligi untaayi mariyu ekkuvagaa videshee paryaatakulanu andistaayi.
vidya.
lassa nagaramlo 2 tibet vishwavidyaalayam mariyu tibet tibeton vaidya vishwavidyaalayam mariyu 3 pratyeka kalaasaalalu lassa upadhyaya kalaasaala, tibet pooliisu kalaasaala mariyu tibet vrutti mariyu saanketika kalaasaala unnaayi.
tibet vishwavidyaalayam (tibeton <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk>) tibet swayampratipatti praantamlooni pradhana vishwavidyaalayam. dheeni praamganam nagara kendraaniki thoorpuna laasaaloni chengwan jillaalo undhi. oka puurvagaami 1952loe srushtinchabadindi mariyu eee vishwavidyaalayam adhikarikamga 1985loe sthaapinchabadindi, dheeniki chaina prabhutvam nidhulu samakuurchindi. eee vishwavidhyaalayamlo sumaru 8000 mandhi vidyaarthulu namodu chesukunnaru. tibet vishwavidyaalayam tibet swayampratipatti praantamloo atyunnata vidya sthaayi kaligina samagra vishwavidyaalayam. idhi pratishtaatmaka project 211loe sabhyuralu, mariyu double fust class vibhagala chorava kinda spaansar cheyabadindi.
ravana.
railu.
prayaanikula karyakalapala kosam kinghoy-tibet railway praarambhinchina 2006 nundi laasaaku railu sevalu andutunnaayi. samudra mattaniki 5,072 meterla ettuku cherukunna kinghoy-tibet railway, ettulo prapanchamlone ettaina railway. idhi lassanu kontha dhooramlo unna kinghoy provins rajadhani jinningtho kaluputundi mariyu chivariki lassanu itara pradhana nagaraalato chaina yokka vistrutamaina railway networktho kaluputundi. lassa railway station nundi pratiroojuu aidu raillu vastaayi mariyu bayaludaerutaayi. railu sankhya Z21 beijing paschimam nundi 40 gantala 53 nimishalu padutundi, pratiroojuu 13:03 vadda laasaaku cherukuntundi. railu Z22 lassa nundi beijing paschimaaniki 15:30 vadda bayaluderi, 40 gantala 50 nimishalu teesukoni moodava roeju 08:20 vadda beijing cherukuntundi. chengdu, chongking, lanzhou, ginning, gwangjou, shanghai mariyu itara nagaraala nundi kooda raillu laasaaku cherukuntaayi. prayaaneekulaku ettulo anaaroogyam kaliginche ettulo vyatyaasaala samasyanu edurkovadaniki, ventilation system dwara adanapu oxygennu pump chestaaru mariyu prayaaneekula soulabhyam kosam flap dwara close open controltho prati berthlo neerugaa andubaatulo untaaru mariyu vyaktigata oxygen masklu abhyardhana meraku andubaatulo untaayi. saft sleeper cabinlalo prati railuku 64 seatlu untaayi, ivi electronics kosam vidyut plugnu kaligi untaayi.
2014 nundi railu seva dwara tibetloni rendava atipedda nagaramaina jigajeku kooda lhasa anusandhaaninchabadi undhi.
lassanu nyingchi counteetho anusandhaaninche moodava railway, sichuwan-tibet railway, chivaraku chengdulo mugise antargata bhaagamloki, juun 2015loe nirmaanam praarambhamaindi.
dakshina asealo railu prayaanaaniki, bhaaratadesamlo atyanta sameepa pradhana station paschima bengaalloni siliguri looni nyuu jalpaiguri. ayithe, sikkim varaku bharatiya railway vyavasthanu vistarinchadam valla dakshinasia railway network dwara munduku saage anusandhaanaalu sulabhataram avtayi. lassanu railu dwara kaatmandutho anusandhaaninchadaaniki praathamika pranaalikalu unnaayi.
chaina tibeton pratinidhi prakaram, mount everest kinda tunnellingtho eee railu marganni kaatmanduku podiginchadam, 2015 natiki, 2020 natiki puurtavutumdani bhaavistunnaaru.
gaali.
1965loe nirminchina lassa gongar vimaanaasrayam (iata lxa) tibet yokka vimanayana kendram. idhi nagaraniki dakshinaana undhi. lassa vimaanaasrayam expressway dwara kaarulo akkadiki cherukovadaniki araganta samayam padutundi; 2011loe expressway poortayye mundu, vimaanaasrayaaniki velladaaniki oka gantaku paiga samayam pattindi. beijing, chengdu, gwangjou mariyu shanghaito sahaa pradhana chaina nagaralaku rojuvaaree vimanalu sevalu andistunnaayi, alaage nepaalloni kaatmanduku appudappudu schedule sevalu kooda unnaayi. lassa vimaanaasrayam tibet vimanayana samsthalaku kendramgaa undhi, idhi tibetloni itara gamyastaanaalaina nyingchi, nagari prefecture, shigatse mariyu camdo vanti vatiki praantiiya sevalanu andistundi.
roddu.
kinghoy-tibet haive (zii109loe bhaagam) eshaanya disagaa ginning vaipu mariyu chivariki beijing varaku velutundi mariyu tibetlo ekkuvagaa upayoginche rahadari. sichuwan-tibet rahadari (zii318loe bhaagam) thoorpuna chengdu vaipu, chivariki shanghai varaku velutundi. zii318 nepaul sarihadduloni jhaangmu varaku kooda paschimaana pravahistundi. jinjiang-tibet haive (zii219) uttaraana lassa nundi yecheng varaku, aapai jinjiang varaku velutundi. soukaryaalu mariyu petrol stationlu lekapovadam valla eee rahadaarini arudugaa upayogistaaru. lassa mariyu gongar vimaanaasrayam madhya kotta, naalugu laenla rahadaarini tibet ravana vibhagam 1.50 kotla roopaayala vyayamtho nirminchindi. eee rahadari jaateeya rahadari 318loe bhaagam mariyu lassa railway station nundi praarambhamai, kushuy kounteelooni kaina township gundaa velutundi, gaala parvata sorangam yokka uttara pravesha dwaaram mariyu lassa nadhi vantena yokka dakshina vantena thala madhya mugustundi, mariyu maargamlo liu overpass vadda lassa yokka modati overpass meedugaa velutundi.
samudram.
bharatadesamloni paschima bengaalloni kolkata mariyu haldia sameepa odarevulu. naathu laa paas chainees companylaku tibetku ravana kosam, lassa nundi kolkata (kalakatta) naukaasrayaaniki pravesam kalpistundi.
kreedalu.
20, 000 mandhi saamarthyam kaligina lassa stadium lassa loe undhi. dheenini ekkuvagaa football matchla kosam upayogistaaru.

