
vyardhaalu

vyardhaalu (ledhaa vyardhaalu) avaanchita ledhaa upayoginchaleni padaarthaalu. vyardhaalu antey praathamika upayogam tarvaata paaraveyabadina ledhaa panikiraani, lopabhooyishtamaina mariyu upayogam laeni edainaa padaartham. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, upa utpatti anedi saapekshamgaa takkuva aardhika viluva kaligina ummadi utpatti. vyardha utpatti viluvanu sunna kante ekkuvagaa penche aavishkarana dwara vyardha utpatti upa utpatti, ummadi utpatti ledhaa vanarugaa maaravacchu. 
udaaharanalalo purapalaka ghana vyardhaalu (gruha chettha/chettha), pramaadakara vyardhaalu, muruguneeru (muruguneeru, shareera vyardhaalu (malam mariyu moothram) mariyu uparitala pravaham vantivi), rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalu mariyu itaraalu unnaayi.
nirvachanalu.
vyardhaalu antey emito chusevari kannu meeda aadharapadi untundi; oka vyakti yokka vyardhaalu maroka vyaktiki vanarugaa undavacchu. vyardhaalu bhouthika vastuvu ayinappatikee, daani utpatti anedi bhouthika mariyu manasika prakriya. vividha agencylu upayoginche nirvachanalu krinda ivvabaddaayi.
aikyaraajyasamiti paryaavarana karyakramam.
pramaadakara vyardhaala sarihaddu kadalikala niyantrana mariyu 1989 naati vaati paaraveyadam paie bassel convention prakaram, kala. 2 (1), 'vyardhaalu' anevi paaraveyabade ledhaa paaraveyadaaniki uddesinchina ledhaa jaateeya chattamloni nibandhanala prakaram paaraveyavalasina padaarthaalu ledhaa vastuvulu.
aikyaraajyasamiti ganaanka vibhagam.
paryaavarana ganaamkaala padakosam vyardhaalanu "pradhana utpattulu kaani padaarthaalu (antey, market kosam utpatti cheyabadina utpattulu) anie varnistundi, dheeni kosam generatorku athani/aame sonta utpatti, parivartana ledhaa viniyogam paramgaa etuvanti upayogam undadu, mariyu veetilo athanu/aame paaraveyaalani korukuntaru. mudi padaarthaala velikiteeta, mudi padaarthaalanu madhyantara mariyu tudi utpattulugaa proses cheyadam, tudi utpattula viniyogam mariyu itara maanava karyakalapala samayamlo vyardhaalu utpatti kaavacchu. utpatti chese chota recycle cheyabadina ledhaa tirigi upayoginchina avasheshaalu minahayinchabaddayi."
european union.
vyardhaala framework aadesam 2008/98 ec, art kinda. 3 (1), european union vyardhaalanu "holder visirivese, visarjinchaalanukune ledhaa visarjinchaalsina avasaram unna vastuvu" gaa nirvachinchindi."vyardhaala aadesam yokka marinta nirmaanaatmaka vivarana kosam, european commission saraamsaanni chudandi.
vyardhaala rakalu.
purapalaka vyardhaalu.
aardhika sahakaram mariyu abhivruddhi samstha, dheenini oo. ii. dii. dii anie kooda pilustaaru, munisipal salid waste (emm. ess. doubleu) nuu "munisipaalitiilu sekarinchina mariyu suddhi chesina vyardhaalu" gaa nirvachistundi. saadhaaranamgaa eee rakamaina vyardhaalalo gruha vyardhaalu, vaanijya vyardhaalu mariyu koolchiveta ledhaa nirmaana vyardhaalu untaayi. 2018loe, paryaavarana parirakshana samstha, prati vyaktiki rojuku sumaru 4.9 poundlaku samaanamaina, 292.4 tannula munisipal vyardhaalu utpatti cheyabaddaayani nirdhaarinchindi. 292.4 tannulalo, sumaru 69 million tannulu recycle cheyabaddaayi mariyu 25 million tannulu compost cheyabaddaayi. 
gruha vyardhaalu mariyu vaanijya vyardhaalu.
saadhaaranamgaa chettha ledhaa chettha anie piluvabade gruha vyardhaalu saadhaaranamgaa saadhaarana gruhaala nundi pratiroojuu visirese vastuvulu. eee vibhaagamlo tarachugaa cherchabade vastuvulalo utpatti packaging, yard vyardhaalu, dustulu, aahara scraplu, upakaranaalu, paintlu mariyu byaatariilu unnaayi. purapalaka sanghaalu sekarinche chaalaa vastuvulu prapanchavyaaptamgaa pallapu pradaesaalaloo mugustaayi. united stateslo, 1.1.3 laksala tannula vastra vyardhaalu utpatti avtayani anchanaa. vyaktigata sthaayilo, sagatu american prati samvatsaram 81.5 poundla dustulanu visurutaadani anchanaa. online shopping marinta prabalamgaa maaradamtho, cardboard, babul ryap, shipping envelopes vanti vastuvulu united states antataa pallapu pradaesaalaloo mugustunnayi. 2018loe sumaru 1.1 million tannula plaastik containerlu mariyu packaging pallapu pradaesaalugaa aipoyayani epa anchanaa vesindi. epa plaastik containerlu mariyu packaging yokka 30.5% matrame recycle cheyabadindani ledhaa shakti vanarugaa dahanam cheyabadindani perkondi. adanamgaa, prati samvatsaram sumaru 9,40,000 poundla cardboard pallapu pradaesamloe mugustundi.
vaanijya vyardhaalu gruha vyardhaalatho chaalaa pooli untaayi. vaanijya vyardhaalugaa pariganinchaalante, adhi vyaparam ledhaa vaanijya occupancy nundi ravali. idhi restaurantlu, retail yajamaanulu, tayari yajamaanulu ledhaa ilanti vyaparalu kaavacchu. saadhaaranamgaa, vaanijya vyardhaalalo aahara scraplu, cardboard, kaagitam mariyu ravana padaarthaalu vanti saaruupya vastuvulu untaayi. saadhaaranamgaa cheppalante, vaanijya vyardhaalu prati sthaana praatipadikana gruha vyardhaala kante ekkuva vyardhaalanu srushtistaayi.
nirmaana mariyu koolchiveta vyardhaalu.
epa eee rakamaina vyardhaalanu "nirmaanam mariyu koolchiveta (sii & dii) sidhilaalu anedi munisipal ghana vyardhaalalo (msw) cherchabadani oka rakamaina vyardhaalu" gaa nirvachistundi."sii & dii loe saadhaaranamgaa kanipinche vastuvulalo ukku, kalapa utpattulu, plaastar, ituka mariyu bankamatti tyle, taaru shingles, concreetu mariyu taaru unnaayi conny veetike parimitam kaadu. saadhaaranamgaa cheppalante, nirmaana mariyu koolchiveta vyardhaalanu moulika sadupayala nirmaanaaniki avasaramaina edainaa bhagaluga vargeekarinchavachhu. 2018loe, america samyukta rashtraalu sumaru 600 million tannula sii & dii vyardhaalanu utpatti chesayani epa anchanaa vesindi.   nirmaanam mariyu koolchiveta dwara utpatti ayye vyardhaalanu tarachugaa tirigi upayoginchadaaniki uddesistaaru ledhaa pallapu pradaesaaniki pamputaaru. punarviniyoga vyardhaalaku udaaharanalu milled taaru misramam kosam mallee upayoginchavacchu ledhaa mattini nimpadaaniki grade sthaayini upayoginchavacchu.
pramaadakara vyardhaalu.
epa pramaadakara vyardhaalanu "maanava aarogyam ledhaa paryaavaranampai pramaadakaramaina prabhavanni choope ledhaa kaliginche lakshanaalatoo kuudina vyardhaalu" gaa nirvachistundi."pramaadakara vyardhaalu vanarula parirakshana mariyu punaruddharana chattam (rcra) paridhiloki vastaayi.  arcra kinda, epa daani mottam jeevita chakramlo pramaadakara vyardhaalanu niyantrinche adhikaram kaligi undhi. dheeni ardham srushti sthaanam nundi daanini sarigga paaravesina pradaesam varaku. pramaadakara vyardhaala jeevita chakramlo utpatti, ravana, suddhi, nilva, paaraveyadam untaayi. ivanni arcrollo cherchabaddaayi. konni rakaala pramaadakara vyardhaalalo rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalu, paeludu vyardhaalu mariyu electronic vyardhaalu unnaayi.
rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalu.
rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalanu tarachugaa anhu vyardhaalu anie pilustaaru, veetini anhu vidyut kendraalu, anhu reactorlu, aasupatrulu, parisoedhanaa kendraalu mariyu ganula tavvakam soukaryaalu vanti vividha parisramalu utpatti chestaayi. rediyodhaarmika padaarthamthoo kuudina edainaa charya rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalanu utpatti cheyagaladu. antekakunda, ituvanti vyardhaalu rediyodhaarmika kanaalanu vidudala chestaayi, veetini sarigga nirvahinchakapothe, paryaavarana pramaadamtoe paatu maanava aarogyaaniki kooda pramaadakaram kaavacchu. rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalatho vyavaharinchetappudu, avasaramaina protokaallanu ardham chesukovadam mariyu saraina jaagrattalanu anusarinchadam chaalaa mukhyam. eee padaarthaalanu nirvahinchadamlo mariyu recycle cheyadamlo vaiphalyam vipattu parinaamaalanu kaligistundi mariyu raboye samvatsaraallo sait yokka paryaavarana vyavasthalanu debbatise avakaasam undhi.
rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalanu nuclear regulatory commission (nrc), department off energy (doe), environmental protection agency (epa), department off transportation (dott), department off dhi interior (doi) vanti bahula prabhutva samsthalu paryaveekshistaayi mariyu niyantristaayi.  rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalanu srushtinchadamlo, nirvahinchadamlo mariyu sarigga paaraveyadamlo prati agency mukhyamaina paatra poeshistumdi. prati agency paatra gurinchi sankshipta vivarana krinda chudavachu.
nrc "private yaajamaanyamloni soukaryaala vadda mariyu konni doow soukaryaala vadda unnata sthaayi vyardhaala raseedu mariyu swaadheenamnu licenses istundi mariyu niyantristundi." 
dooh "doow-generated rediyodhaarmika vyardhaala isuka nirvahana kosam pranaalikalu roopondinchi, kaaryakramaalanu nirvahistundi, vyardhaala paaraveyadam saanketika parignaanaanni abhivruddhi chestundi mariyu doow-generated mariyu vaanijya unnata sthaayi vyardhaala kosam paaraveyadam soukaryaalanu roopondistundi, nirmistundi mariyu nirvahistundi."
epa "kharchu chesina anhu indhanam mariyu adhika-sthaayi mariyu transuranic rediyodhaarmika vyardhaala paaraveyadam kaaranamgaa offsite radiation kosam paryaavarana pramaanaalu mariyu samakhya radiation rakshana maargadarsakatvaanni abhivruddhi chestundi."
dott "rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalatho sahaa anni pramaadakara padaarthaala packaging mariyu ravana rendintinee niyantristundi."
doih "yuu dwara.ess. bhougolika survey, doow yokka vyardhaala paaraveyadam kaaryakramaalaku maddatugaa prayogasaala mariyu kshetra bhuuvignaana parisoedhanalanu nirvahistundi mariyu bhuu vignaana saanketika karyakalapalapai dotho sahakaristundi."
US prastutam krinda chuupina vidhamgaa aidu rakaala rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalanu nirvachistundi.
adhika sthaayi vyardhaaluh eee rakamaina rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalu anhu reactorla nundi ledhaa kharchu chesina anhu indhanaanni tirigi proses cheyadam dwara utpatti avtayi.
transuranic vyardhaaluh eee rakamaina rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalu maanava nirmitamainavi mariyu 92 ledhaa anthakante ekkuva paramaanu sankhyanu kaligi untaayi.
euranium ledhaa thorium millu tilinglu eee rakamaina rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalu maining ledhaa milling ledhaa euranium ledhaa thorium dhaatuvu tarvaata erpadataayi.
takkuva sthaayi vyardhaaluh eee rakamaina rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalu rediyodhaarmikamgaa kalushitamaina vyardhaalu. idhi saadhaaranamgaa paarisraamika prakriyalu ledhaa parisoedhana nundi utpatti avutundi. eee vastuvulaku udaaharanalalo kaagitam, rakshana dustulu, sanchulu mariyu cardboard unnaayi.
saanketikamgaa meruguparachabadina sahajamgaa sambhavinche rediyodhaarmika padaartham (tenorm): eee rakamaina rediyodhaarmika vyardhaalu ganula tavvakam, chamuru mariyu vayuvu travvakam mariyu sahajamgaa sambhavinche rediyodhaarmika padaartham (pramaanam) kendrikrutamayye neeti chikitsa vanti maanava karyakalapala dwara srushtinchabadataayi.
saktivantamaina pramaadakara vyardhaalu.
EPA saktivantamaina pramaadakara vyardhaalanu "pelche saamarthyam unna vyardhaalu mariyu itara chikitsala dwara surakshitamgaa paaraveyaleni bhaarii sainika chodakaalu" gaa nirvachistundi."saadhaaranamgaa eee vargamloki vachhe vastuvulalo aayudhalu, banasancha, mantalu, abhiruchi raaketlu mariyu automobile propellents unnaayi.
aayudhalu.
1997loe eee. pii. yea. aarr. sii. aarr. eah. nii khararu chesinappudu pramaadakara vyardhaalaku aayudhalu jodinchabaddaayi. vyardhaalalo unna aayudhalanu parishkarinchadaaniki oka pratyeka niyamam jodinchabadindi. eee kotta niyamanni saadhaaranamgaa sainika aayudhaala niyamam anie pilustaaru. EPA sainika aayudhalanu "jaateeya rakshana mariyu bhadrata kosam sainyam ledhaa sainyam kosam utpatti chesina anni rakaala sampradaaya mariyu rasayana mandugundu samagri utpattulu mariyu vaati bhagalu (prabhutva yaajamaanyamloni/contractor nirvahinche [goko] karyakalapala vishayamlo oppandamlo itara paarteelu utpatti chesina ledhaa dode kosam agentga vyavaharinchae aayudhaalatho sahaa) gaa nirvachistundi."mottam niyamanni ikkada chudavachu. aayudha vyardhaalalo ekkuva saatam prabhutvam ledhaa prabhutva contractorlache utpatti cheyabadutundagaa, nivaasitulu kooda gaduvu mugisina ledhaa lopabhuishta mandugundu saamagrini tama inti vyardhaala lopala visurutaaru.
banasancha, mantalu mariyu abhiruchi raaketlu.
prati samvatsaram, america vaanijya mariyu viniyogadaaru amsaala nundi eee rakamaina vyardhaalanu utpatti chestundi. eee vyardhaalu tarachugaa banasancha, signal flairs mariyu abhiruchi rocketla nundi utpatti avtayi, ivi debbatinnaayi, panicheyadamlo viphalamayyayi ledhaa itara kaaranaala valla utpatti avtayi. vaati rasayana lakshanaala kaaranamgaa, eee rakamaina parikaraalu chaalaa pramaadakaramainavi.
automobile airbag propellents.
automobile airbag propellents aayudhalu mariyu banasancha vale saadhaaranam kaanappatikee, avi saaruupya lakshanaalanu panchukuntaayi, idhi vaatini chaalaa pramaadakaramgaa chestundi. air byaag propellents reactivity mariyu jwalanasheelata lakshanaalu pramaadakara vyardhaalaku arhata kaligina lakshanaalu. nirvartinchabadakapothe, eee rendu pramaadakaramaina lakshanaalanu chekkuchedarakunda vadilivestundi. eee vastuvulanu sarigga paaraveyadaaniki, vaatini surakshitamgaa moharinchaali, idhi eee pramaadakaramaina lakshanaalanu tolagistundi.
epalo arcra kinda automobile airbag propellentla vyardhaalu untaayi. 2018loe, automobile airbag propellentla nirvahanapai epa tudi niyamanni jaarii chesindi. madhyantara tudi niyamam" airbaglanu vyavasthaapinchi, tolaginche samsthalaku minahaayimpunu andistundi. indulo automobile dealershiplu, salvage yardulu, automobile marammatu soukaryaalu mariyu gharshana kendraalu unnaayi. nirvahakudu mariyu ravaanaadaaru rcra nundi minahayinchabaddaru, conny airbag vyardhaala sekarana soukaryam minahayinchabadaledu. airbagulu sekarana kendraanni cherukunna tarvaata, adhi arcra pramaadakara vyardhaalugaa vargeekarinchabadutundi mariyu arcra paaraveyadam soukaryam vadda paaraveyabadaali ledhaa recycle cheyali.
electronic vyardhaalu.
electronic vyardhaalanu tarachugaa "ii-waste" ledhaa "ii-scrap" anie pilustaaru, veetini tarachugaa visiriveyabadataayi ledhaa recyclerku pampabadataayi. prapanchavyaaptamgaa ii-vyardhaalu pallapu pradaesaalaloo cheradam konasagutunnayi. 2009loe 23.7 laksala tannula televisionlu, computerlu, sell phonelu, printerlu, scannerlu, facs mesheenlanu viniyogadaarulu vismarinchaarani epa anchanaa vesindi. veetilo kevalam 25 saatam matrame recycle cheyabaddaayi; migilinavi samyukta raashtraala antataa pallapu pradaesaalaloo unnaayi.
ii-vyardhaalalo recycle cheyagala ledhaa tirigi upayoginchagala aneka amsaalu untaayi. saadhaaranamgaa cheppalante, electronics plaastik ledhaa telikapati lohapu aavaranalo kappabadi untaayi. computer bordulu, wiring, kpaasitarlu mariyu chinna motaru vastuvulu vanti vastuvulu saadhaarana rakaala ii-vyardhaalu. eee vastuvulalo, antargata bhagalalo chamuru, inumu, bangaaram, palladium, platinum mariyu raagi unnaayi. ivanni bhoomi yokka kendram nundi tavvabadataayi. eee vastuvulanu tavvadaaniki, vaataavaranamloki greenhouse vaayuvulanu vidudala chese parikaraalanu nirvahinchadaaniki bhaarii mottamlo shakti avasaram. recycling kendraalaku ii-vyardhaalanu viraalamgaa ivvadam ledhaa eee parikaraalanu punaruddharinchadam valla ganula tavvakam prakriya dwara vidudalayye greenhouse vaayuvulanu tagginchavachhu. bhavishyat taraalaku taginanta sahaja vanarulu undela chuudataaniki idhi mana sahajamgaa erpadina utpattula viniyogaanni kooda taggistundi.
eee samasya peragadam konasagadamto, adhyakshudu obama 2010 novemberlo electronics stewardshippy intergency task forsenu sthaapinchaaru. electronic vyardhaalanu nirvahinchadaaniki mariyu saraina paaraveyadam kosam jaateeya vyuuhaanni abhivruddhi cheyadame eee pani yokka mottam lakshyam. task fores paryaavarana naanhyata (ceq), epa mariyu us general services administration (gsa) paie white house council thoo kalisi panichestundi. task fores tudi utpatti, electronics stewardship nivedika kosam jaateeya vyuuhaanni vidudala chesindi. electronics nirvahananu meruguparachadaaniki federal prabhutva pranaalikalooni naalugu lakshyalapai eee nivedika drushti pedutundi, krinda chuupina vidhamgaa.
1.     electronics yokka pacchani roopakalpananu prothsahinchadam
2.     udaaharana dwara nadipinchandi
3.     desheeya recycling penchadam
4.     abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalalo ii-vyardhaala haanikaramaina egumatulanu tagginchadam mariyu nirmaana saamarthyaanni tagginchadam.
ii-vyardhaalu americalone kakunda prapancha samasya kooda. eee samasyanu parishkarinchadaaniki, prapanchavyaaptamgaa bahula samsthala sahakaram avasaram. konni agencylalo yuu unnaayi.ess. eee. pii. yea., taiwan environmental protection administration (taiwan eee. pii. yea.), antarjaateeya eee-waste management network (ii. ii. emm. enn.), mariyu asea, latin america, carabian, africa mariyu uttara america nundi paryaavarana karyalayalu.
mishrama vyardhaalu.
mishrama vyardhaalu anae padam daani sandarbham aadhaaramgaa vibhina nirvachanaalanu kaligi untundi. saadhaaranamgaa, mishrama vyardhaalu rediyodhaarmika padaarthaanni kaligi unna pramaadakara vyardhaalanu suuchistaayi. eee sandarbhamlo, mishrama vyardhaala nirvahananu eee. pii. yea. mariyu aarr. sii. aarr. eah. mariyu anhu shakti chattam dwara niyantristaaru. pramaadakara padaarthaala kantentnu arcra niyantristundi, ayithe radiological bhaagam shakti vibhagam (doee) mariyu nuclear regulatory commission (nrc) dwara niyantrinchabadutundi.
mishrama vyardhaalanu punarviniyogaparachadagina padaarthaalu mariyu sendriya padaarthaalanu kaligi unna oka rakamaina vyardhaalugaa kooda nirvachinchavacchu.  eee sandarbhamlo mishrama vyardhaalaku konni udaaharanalalo virigina gaaju saamaanu, naela tudichiveyadam, marammatu cheyaleni gruha vastuvulu, punarviniyogaparachaleni plaastik mariyu loham mariyu dustulu mariyu furniture kalayika unnaayi. adanamgaa, buudida mariyu masi, nivaasa punaruddharana vyardha padaarthaalu kooda eee nirvachanam kinda cherchabaddaayi.
vaidya vyardhaalu.
eee rakamaina vyardhaalu saadhaaranamgaa aasupatrulu, vaidyula karyalayalu, dantha paddhatulu, blood byaankulu, pasuvaidya karyalayalu mariyu parisoedhanaa soukaryaala nundi utpatti avtayi. eee vyardhaalu tarachugaa maanavulu ledhaa jantuvula nundi vachhe saareeraka dravaalatoe kalushitam cheyabaddaayi. eee rakamaina kaalushyaaniki udaaharanalalo raktam, vaantulu, moothram mariyu itara saareeraka dravaalu undavacchu. 1980laloe thoorpu theera theera tiiraalaloo vaidya vyardhaalu kanipinchinappudu aandolanalu modalayyayi. idhi kaangresnu vaidya vyardhaala tracking chattanni aamodinchavalasi vachindi. vyaadhini kaliginche vaidya vyardhaalu utpatti chese samayamlo atyadhikamgaa unnayani mariyu aaa samayam taruvaata sahajamgaa taggutayani epa nirdhaarinchina taruvaata eee chattam sumaru 3 samvatsaraalu matrame amalulo undhi."
aasupatri vaidya antu vyardhaala dahana yantram (hmivy) pramaanaaniki mundu, 1997 kii mundu sumaru 90 saatam antu vyardhaalu kaalchiveyabaddaayi. gaali naanhyatanu pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitam chese saamarthyam kaaranamgaa, vaidya vyardhaala kosam pratyaamnaaya chikitsa mariyu paaraveyadam saanketikatalu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. eee kotta pratyaamnaayaalu
nivedinchadam.
vyardhaalanu nivedinchadam chuttoo aneka samasyalu unnaayi. idhi saadhaaranamgaa parimaanam ledhaa baruvu dwara kolustaaru, mariyu rendinti madhya spashtamaina vyatyaasam undhi. udaaharanaku, sendriya vyardhaalu tadigaa unnappudu chaalaa baruvugaa untaayi, mariyu plaastik ledhaa gaaju seesaalu ververu baruvulanu kaligi undavacchu conny oke parimaanamlo untaayi. prapancha sthaayilo vyardhaalanu nivedinchadam kashtam endukante deshaalalo vyardhaala gurinchi mariyu vyardhaala vargaalaku sambandhinchinavi, alaage nivedinchadaaniki vividha margalu anevi ververu nirvachanaalanu kaligi unnaayi. daani paarteela nundi asampoorna nivedikala aadhaaramgaa, basel convention 2001loe 338 million tannula vyardhaalu utpatti ayyayani anchanaa vesindi. adhe samvatsaraaniki, daani sabhya deshaala nundi sumaru 4 billion tannulu utpatti ayyayani anchanaa. eee asamaanatalu unnappatikee, vyardhaala nivedinchadam ippatikee chinna mariyu pedda sthaayilo keelaka kaaranaalu mariyu pradaesaalanu nirnayinchadaaniki mariyu vyardhaalanu nivaarinchadaaniki, tagginchadaaniki, punaruddharinchadaaniki, suddhi cheyadaaniki mariyu paaraveyadaaniki maargaalanu kanugonadaaniki upayogapadutundi.
kharchulu.
paryaavarana kharchulu.
anuchitamgaa nirvahinche vyardhaalu elukalu mariyu keetakaalanu aakarshinchagalavu, ivi jeernasayaantara paraannajeevulu, pasupu jwaram, purugulu, plaegu mariyu manavulaku itara paristhitulaku aasrayam kalpistaayi mariyu pramaadakaramaina vyardhaalaku gurikavadam, mukhyamgaa vaatini kalchivesinappudu, cancerlatho sahaa aneka itara vyaadhulaku kaaranamavutaayi. visha vyardha padaarthaalu uparitala neeru, bhoogarbha jalaalu, matti mariyu gaalini kalushitam chestaayi, idhi manavulaku, itara jaatulaku mariyu paryaavarana vyavasthalaku marinta samasyalanu kaligistundi. dahanamtho kuudina vyardhaala paaraveyadam yokka oka roopam gananeeyamaina mottamlo greenhouse vaayuvulanu srushtistundi. kaalina vyardhaalalo lohaalu unnappudu, adhi visha vaayuvulanu srushtinchagaladu. marovaipu, vyardhaalalo plaastik unnappudu, utpatti ayye vaayuvulalo carbon dye oxide untundi. global warming mariyu carbon dye oxide udgaaraalu perige koddi, matti pedda carbon sinkga maaradam praarambhistundi mariyu mana mokkala jeevitaaniki marinta asthiramgaa maarutundi. 
saamaajika kharchulu.
vyardhaala nirvahana anedi paryaavarana nyaayaaniki sambandhinchina mukhyamaina samasya. paina perkonna aneka paryaavarana bhaaraalanu jaathi minoritylu, mahilalu mariyu abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaala nivaasitulu vanti attadugu vargaalaku chendina vaaru ekkuvagaa bharistaaru. nimbi (naa peratilo kaadu) anedi kotta abhivruddhi pratipaadanaku nivaasitula vyatiraekata endukante adhi vaariki daggaragaa undhi. ayithe, vyardhaala suddhi mariyu paaraveyadam soukaryaala vistarana mariyu amarika avasaram prapanchavyaaptamgaa perugutondi. ippudu sarihaddu velupala vyardhaala kadalikalo market perugutondi, mariyu deshaala madhya pravahinche chaalaa vyardhaalu abhivruddhi chendina deshaala madhya vellinappatikee, gananeeyamaina mottamlo vyardhaalu abhivruddhi chendina deshaala nundi abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalaku taralinchabadutunnaayi.
aardhika kharchulu.
vyardhaalanu nirvahinchadaaniki aardhika kharchulu ekkuvagaa untaayi, mariyu tarachugaa purapalaka prabhutvaalu chellistaayi; marinta samarthavantamgaa roopondinchina sekarana margalu, vahanalanu savarinchadam mariyu praja vidyatho dabbunu aadaa cheyavachu. meeru visirinappudu chellinchadam vanti paryaavarana vidhanalu nirvahana kharchunu tagginchagalavu mariyu vyardhaala parimaanaanni tagginchagalavu. vyardhaala punaruddharana (antey, recycling, punarviniyogam) aardhika kharchulanu arikattagaladu endukante idhi mudi padaarthaalanu velikiteeyakundaa chestundi mariyu tarachugaa ravana kharchulanu taggistundi. "munisipal vyardhaala nirvahana vyavasthala aardhika anchanaa-jeevita-chakra anchanaa (lca) mariyu jeevita-chakra vyayam (elsisi) kalayikanu upayoginchi cases studies". vyardhaala suddhi mariyu paaraveyadam soukaryaalu unna pradaesam tarachugaa sabdam, dummu, kalushyam, vikaaramaina mariyu pratikuula kalankam kaaranamgaa aasti viluvalanu taggistundi. anadhikaarika vyardhaala rangamlo ekkuvagaa vyardhaalanu sekarinchevaaru untaaru, vaaru lohaalu, gaaju, plaastik, vastraalu mariyu itara padaarthaala kosam podupu chesi, aapai vaatini labham kosam vartakam chestaaru. eee rangam oka nirdishta vyavasthalo vyardhaalanu gananeeyamgaa maarchagaladu ledhaa tagginchagaladu, conny itara pratikuula aardhika prabhavalu vyaadhi, pedarikam, dopidi mariyu daani kaarmikula durviniyogamto vastaayi.
samajalanu prabhaavitam chestundi.
abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalalo prajalu modati prapancha deshaalu mariyu companylu tama chettanu tama illaku mariyu tarachugaa neeti vanarula sameepamlo ravana cheyadaaniki anumatinche chattaviruddhamaina prabhutva vidhaanaala valla kalushitamaina neeru mariyu pallapu pradaesaalatoe baadhapadutunnaaru. adhe prabhutvaalu vyardhaala vyaparam laabhaalanu vyardhaala nimpulu ledhaa swachchamaina neeti vanarulanu nirvahinchadaaniki maargaalanu roopondinchadaaniki upayoginchavu. photographer kevin messelwani gatamlo chittadi neelagaa unde ghaanaaloni akraalo agbogbloshi anae prapanchamlone atipedda ii-vyardhaala dumpnu namodu chesaaru. agbogbloshilo panichese yuvakulu mariyu pillalu lohalanu pondadaaniki, kaalina gayalu, kanti debbatinadam, oopiritittulu mariyu vennunoppi samasyalu, deerghakaalika vikaram, balaheenapariche talanoppi mariyu swaasakosha samasyalu pondadaaniki parikaraalanu smash chestaaru mariyu chaalaa mandhi kaarmikulu vaari 20 ellalo cancertho maranistaaru (messelwani).messelwani photolalo, polaallooni pillalu nallati chetulato refrigeratorlu mariyu computerlanu tagalabettaaru mariyu battalu mariyu jantuvulanu, bahiranga gaayaalato aavulu vanti vaatini dump saitlo chettagaa padesaru. sarassulapai taatkaalika vantenalagaa upayoginche vyardhaala kuppalu unnaayi, lohaalu mariyu rasayanalu kevalam neeru mariyu bhoogarbha jalaalloki chochukupotayi, veetini illa neeti vyavasthalatho anusandhaaninchavacchu. adhe duradrushtakaramaina paristhiti mariyu itara paschima africa deshaalu mariyu chaina vanti moodava prapanchamgaa pariganinchabade ilanti deshaalalo dumps/pallapu pradaesaalu chudavachu. chaalaa mandhi vyardhaala nirvahana kosam vaadistaaru, vyardhaala vaanijyaanni nilipivestaaru, muruguneeti suddhi soukaryaalanu srushtistaaru mariyu chivariki swachchamaina mariyu andubaatulo unde neeti vanarunu andistaaru. pallapu pradaesaalu mariyu neetilo unna eee prajalandari aarogyam maanava avasaralu/hakkulu, ivi harinchabadutunnaayi.
nirvahana.
muruguneeti soukaryaalu.
muruguneeti suddhi soukaryaalu kalushya kaarakaalanu mariyu kalushitaalanu bhouthikamgaa mariyu rasaayanikamgaa tolaginchi, swachchamaina neetini samaajaaniki tirigi andistaayi. south gips land water organization vyardha neeti suddhi yokka moodu dasalanu vibhajistundi. neetilo noonelu mariyu chinna kanaalanu vadiliveyadaaniki pedda ghanapadaarthaalanu tolaginchadaaniki neeti gundaa jalladam praathamika chikitsa. neeti nundi noonelu, kanaalu mariyu suukshmajeevulanu kariginchadaaniki/tolaginchadaaniki dviteeya chikitsa chlorin ledhaa yuvi kaantitoe rasaayanikamgaa krimisamhaaraka cheyadaaniki trutheeya chikitsa kosam siddham cheyali. chaalaa paarisraamika anuvartanaalaku, 150,000 gpd saamarthyam gala doubludabluty laku avasaramaina anni design, injaneering, parikaraalu, samsthaapana mariyu startaplatho sahaa $500,000 nundi $15 millionla varaku kharchu avutundi. mana neetini tirigi upayoginchadaaniki shubhraparachadaaniki niroopitamaina mariyu saapekshamgaa chavakaina atuvanti saralamaina parishkaaramtho, prati desamlo, prati raashtramlo mariyu prati pattanamlo vyardha neeti suddhi soukaryam enduku undakudadu anedaaniki etuvanti saaku ledhu. 
labhalu.
prastutam, nassa netrutvamloni oka adhyayanam prakaram, prapanchamlooni aneka manchineeti vanarulu tirigi nimpabadutunna daanikante vaegamgaa paarutunnaayi. prapanchavyaaptamgaa neeti mattam padipotondi. neeti aparimita sarafara ledhu. mana jeevitaalanu, jeevanasailini konasaaginchadaaniki migili unna prati vanarunu, prati parimita neeti vanarunu parirakshinchaalsina avasaram undhi. abhivruddhi chendani deshaalaku muruguneeti suddhi vidhaanaalanu roopondinchadamlo sahayapade samarthavanthamaina deshaalu samaajaaniki prayojanam chekuurustaayi. konni million dollarlu kharchu chesi muruguneeti suddhi soukaryaalanu jodinchadam, mana praantaalanu shubhraparachadaaniki moulika sadupayalu mariyu mana bhoomi mariyu neeti sarafaraanu atigaa upayoginchadaaniki badulugaa manchineetini tirigi upayoginchadam, idhi atipedda kharchu avutundi. lakshalaadi vyaadhi kesulu mariyu maranaalaku kaaranamaina kalushitamaina neetitho subhram cheyadam, vanta cheyadam ledhaa traagadam tappa prajalaku vaerae maargam ledhu anedi deshaalalo muruguneeti chikitsalanu jodinchakapovadam valla vachhe maroe kharchu. pedarikam swachchanda samstha tear fund anchanaa prakaram, abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalalo prati samvatsaram 400,000 nundi 1 millionla mandhi prajalu durviniyoga vyardhaala valla kalige vyaadhula kaaranamgaa maranistunnaru". eee vidhamaina maranaanni tagginchadaaniki ledhaa nirmuulinchadaaniki, swachchamaina neeti saadhaarana maanava avasaranni andinchadam dwara lakshalaadi mandhi praanaalanu kaapaadataaniki samaajaaniki margalu unnaayi.
viniyogam.
shakti punaruddharana.
vyardhaala nundi shakti punaruddharana antey punarviniyogaparachaleni vyardha padaarthaalanu upayoginchadam mariyu dahanam, gasification, pyrolysation mariyu vaayurahita jeernakriyato sahaa vividha prakriyala dwara vaedi, vidyut ledhaa saktini velikiteese prakriya. eee prakriyanu vyardhaala nundi saktigaa suuchistaaru.
vyardhaala nundi saktini tirigi pondadaaniki aneka margalu unnaayi. vaayurahita jeernakriya anedi sahajamgaa sambhavinche kullina prakriya, ikkada praanavaayuvu lenappudu sendriya padaartham saralamaina rasayana bhaagamgaa tagginchabadutundi. vyardhaalanu tagginchadaaniki mariyu saktini utpatti cheyadaaniki munisipal ghana vyardhaalanu tagalabettadam ledhaa neerugaa niyantrita dahanam cheyadam. yaantrika mariyu jeevasambandhamaina suddhi karyakalapala nundi punarviniyogam cheyaleni ledhaa recycle cheyaleni vyardhaala nundi saktini tirigi pondadam anedi rendava punaruddharinchabadina indhanam. pyrolysis anedi edainaa carbon kantentnu vaayu mariyu drava indhanaalu mariyu ghana avasheshaala mishramamgaa vichchinnam cheyadaaniki, adhika ushnogratalaku, oxygen lekapovadamtho vyardhaalanu vaedi cheyadam. gasification anedi adhika ushnograta dwara carbon adhikamgaa unde padaarthaanni pakshika aakseekaranhatho gyaas pravaahamgaa marchadam. plasma aark heating anedi munisipal ghana vyardhaalanu 3,000 nundi 10,000 masim varaku ushnogratalaku chaalaa ekkuvagaa vaedi cheyadam, ikkada jada vaataavaranamloo vidyut utsarga dwara shakti vidudala avutundi.
vyardhaalanu indhanamgaa upayoginchadam valla mukhyamaina paryaavarana prayojanaalanu andinchavacchu. idhi saadhaaranamgaa paaraveyadam dwara parishkarinchaalsina vyardhaalaku surakshitamaina mariyu kharchutho koodukunna empikanu andistundi. shilaja indhanaala nundi shakti viniyogaanni mallinchadam dwara carbon dioxide udgaaraalanu tagginchadamlo idhi sahaayapadutundi, adhe samayamlo saktini utpatti chestundi mariyu vyardhaalanu indhanamgaa upayoginchadam valla pallapullo vyardhaalanu nivaarinchadam dwara pallapullo utpatti ayye methane udgaaraalanu tagginchavachhu.
konni jeevaraashi aahara padaarthaalanu vyardhaalugaa vargeekarinchadamlo kontha charcha undhi. mudi podavaina chamuru (sii. tii. oo), gujju mariyu kaagitam tayari prakriya yokka saha utpatti, konni european deshaalalo vyardhaalu ledhaa avasheshaalugaa nirvachinchabadindi, vaastavaaniki idhi "uddeshapoorvakamgaa" utpatti cheyabadutundi mariyu paarisraamika anuvartanaallo gananeeyamaina viluva jodinche saamarthyaanni kaligi untundi. aneka companylu indhanaanni utpatti cheyadaaniki sii. tii. oo. nii upayogistaayi, ayithe paine rasaayanaala parisrama dheenini cascading upayogam dwara "takkuva carbon, jeeva aadhaarita rasayanalanu utpatti chese" aahara padaarthamgaa penchutundi.
vidya mariyu avagahana.
vanarula nirvahana yokka prapancha konam nundi vyardhaalu mariyu vyardhaala nirvahana rangamlo vidya mariyu avagahana marinta mukhyamainavi. talloires declaration anedi paryaavarana kalushyam mariyu ksheenata yokka apuurvamaina sthaayi mariyu vegam mariyu sahaja vanarula ksheenata gurinchi aandolana chendutunna susthirata kosam oka prakatana. sthaanika, praantiiya mariyu prapancha vaayu kalushyam; visha vyardhaala sekarana mariyu pampinhee; adavulu, matti mariyu neeti vidhvamsam mariyu ksheenata; ojon pora ksheenata mariyu "green house" vaayuvula udgaaram maanavula mariyu vaelaadi itara jeevula manugada, bhoomi yokka samagrata mariyu daani jeevavaividhyam, deshaala bhadrata mariyu bhavishyat taraala vaarasatvaanni bediristaayi. aneka vishwavidyaalayaalu paryaavarana nirvahana mariyu vyardhaala nirvahana kaaryakramaalanu erpaatu cheyadam dwara taloire declarationnu amalu chesaayi.zii. vyardhaala nirvahana vishwavidyaalayam project. vishwavidyaalayam mariyu vrutti vidyanu vividha samsthalu prothsahistunnaayi, udhaa.zii. vamitab mariyu chartered institute off waste management.

