
ekeep

ekip (',' anae russian sankshipta namam nundi anuvadinchabadindi, 'antey' paryaavarana shaastram mariyu purogati ') anedi "flying wing" pathakam prakaram nirminchabadina bahula-kriyaatmaka aerodrome rahita vimanam yokka soviet mariyu russian project, idhi deerghavruttaakaara aakaaramlo fuselagetho untundi. daani russian maaruperu tarielka (', antey "plate" ledhaa "sasser") anie kooda pilustaaru, ekip chakraala under carriageki badulugaa gaali mettanu upayoginchadam dwara neetilo ledhaa chadunu cheyani neelapai digi raavacchu. ekip anedi oka chinna takeoff mariyu landing (stole) vimanam.
parikaram yokka pratyeka lakshanam emitante, parikaram yokka kathinamaina uparitalam chuttoo pravahinche sarihaddu pora yokka sudigaali niyantrana vyavastha roopamlo tayaaru cheyabadina sthireekarana mariyu dragg taggimpu yokka pratyeka vyavastha, alaage takkuva vegamtho mariyu takeoff mariyu landing modlalo parikaranni niyantrinchadaaniki adanapu flat-bedd reactive system.
sthireekarana vyavastha mariyu dragg taggimpu avasaram emitante, oka vaipu, chinna podavaina mandapati rekkala roopamlo tayaaru cheyabadina upakaranam yokka sareeram adhika aerodynamic naanhyatanu kaligi untundi mariyu oka sannani rekka kante aneka retlu ekkuva ettadam saktini srushtinchagaladu, marovaipu, pravaahaala antaraayam mariyu allakallola mandalaala erpaatu kaaranamgaa idhi takkuva sthirathvaanni kaligi untundi. baring wing" pathakam yokka upayogam samaana payload yokka aasaajanaka vimanam kante aneka retlu ekkuva upayogakaramaina antargata parimaanaanni andistundi. atuvanti sareeram vimaanaala soukaryam mariyu bhadratanu penchutundi, gananeeyamgaa indhanaanni aadaa chestundi mariyu nirvahana kharchulanu taggistundi.
abhivruddhi.
ekip bhavananu professor lev nikolayevich shukin (russian Кетеро счучин), aircraft injin developmentlo sikshana pondina injanir, enpio energy rockett design corporation kosam kooda panicheesaaru mariyu 1975loe apolo-soyuz test project yokka soviet bhaagamlo palgonnaru, idhi modati us-soviet space linkup. 1978loe, ekip bhavananu soviet sainika adhikaarulaku modatisaarigaa pratipaadinchaaru, 1979loe, scukin ekip enn. pii. pii (shaastreeya-utpatti samstha) nuu sthaapinchaaru, idhi podlipki (corolev) loe undhi. 1980loe, ekeep project prayogasaala adhyayanalu mariyu injaneering panulanu praarambhinchindi. chinna taraha namuunaapai modati bench pareeksha 1982loe masco oblastloni chrosnormesclony top-secret geodesia research institutelo nirvahinchabadindi. ippatikee atyanta rahasyamaina prajectupy pradhana pani 1987loe praarambhamaindi, mariyu modati scale modal yokka vimaana pareekshalu 1990-1991 loe prarambhamayyayi. eee modati radeo-niyantrita eguravese vimananni L-1 modal anie pilicheevaaru, mariyu dheeniki tii-tail empanage undhi. praarambhamlo maig faitar aircraftlanu utpatti cheyadaaniki prasiddhi chendina sokol aircraft plantlo vimanalu jarigaayi. radeo-niyantrana samasyalu manchu paristhitulalo vimaanamlo scale modal kuulipoevadaaniki kaaranamaina taruvaata, nizni novgorod tayari karmagaram tadupari ekip pareeksha vimanalanu nishedhinchindi. scale modal pareekshanu 1990 eprillo saratov aviation plantku marcharu, akkada acovlave vimanalu tayaaru cheyabaddaayi. 1992loe, maroka chinna, maanavarahita modal etthu nundi koolipoyindi, conny marammatu mariyu ballust sardubaatu tarvaata idhi vijayavantamgaa egiripoyindi. aaa samvatsaram, ekip aviation samstha (ekip akk) nuu ekip enn. pii. pii, saratov aviation plant mariyu triumph enn. pii. pii. sthaapinchaayi.
eee bhavana 1992loe mozaroshou (maaks air shoku mundunnadi) loe bahirangamgaa praarambhamaindi, mariyu idhi 1993 paris air sholo sahaa taruvaati rendu samvatsaraalalo itara pradarsanalalo kanipinchindi. 1993 septembarulo jarigina maaks air sholo, scukin abhivruddhi cheyabadutunna moodu versionlanu vivarinchaaduh oka, single-deck, 20 seetla modal; ukrain nundi aivchenko purogati enginelanu upayoginche modal mariyu air kushan utpatti cheyadaaniki sattern injin; mariyu rendu passenger declu mariyu oka frait decknu kaligi unna triple-deck modal. rendu spaan, ell-2 namuunaalu aaa samvatsaram madhyalo remot controll dwara vijayavantamgaa eguraveyabaddaayi.
1994loe, ekip gurinchi paaschaatya medialo vaartalu ravadam praarambhinchaayi, mariyu ell3 modal (400 mandhi prayaanikulu ledhaa 40 tannula sarukunu mosukellagaladu) russian aahara pampinhee samstha ayina uttara cyberian abhivruddhi boardu nundi 1,500 vimaanaalaku taatkaalika arderlu sampaadinchindi. eee samayamlo, saratov aviation plant vimaana pareeksha kosam maanavarahita, spaan ell2-3 modalnu nirmistondi. aall-metal ell2-3 modal rendu sattern/lulka all-34 enginelatho saktini pondutundi, ivi takeoff mariyu landing kosam air kushan nuu utpatti chestaayi mariyu sarihaddu pora niyantrana vyavasthaku saktini istayi. telikapati vimanalu mariyu rotorcraft kosam roopondinchina all-34 turboshaft enginelu pottu lopala kendramgaa unchabaddaayi. saratov eee roopaantaram yokka praathamika roopakalpananu kooda puurti chesaadu, idhi sumaruga oka chinna vyavadhini kaligi untundi. daani rendu all-34 enginelatho paatu, eee pedda variantlo munduku nettadaaniki oka jatha kuznetsov enke-92 ducted propan enginelu untaayi. inca pedda vaeriyantlu, podavu mariyu baruvulo, enn. keey-92kii badulugaa munduku nettadaaniki purogati dii-18tii turbofannu upayoginchavacchu, all-34 enginelu ippatikee sahayaka prayojanaala kosam migili unnaayi. eee samayamlo aidu vaanijya cargo/prayaaneekula rakalu vivarinchabaddaayih ell2-3, ell3-1, ell3-2, ell4-1, mariyu ell4-2, ivi 24 nundi 2,000 mandhi prayaaneekulanu cover chese seating saamarthyaalu, egurutuu unde paridhi mariyu garishta takeoff baruvulu (enteeo) kaligi unnaayi.
1995 fibravari natiki, pariksha vimaanampai bhuu pareekshalu nirvahinchabaddaayi, juunloo plant pareekshalu puurti cheyabadataayi mariyu octoberulo maanavarahita pariksha vimanalu praarambhamavutaayi. rendava pareeksha vimanam samvatsaram chivari natiki saratovlo sameekarinchabadaali, 1996loe manushulatho kuudina vimanalanu prayatninchaali.
soviet union vidipoyina taruvaata, russia prabhutvam 1993 juunloo ekip prajectuku 1.2 billion rubillu nidhulanu manjuru chesindi. ayithe, dabbu vachhe samayaniki, adhika dravyolbanam daani konugolu saktini enimidi kaarakaalato ksheeninchindi. mottam takeoff baruvutho rendu puurti-parimaana ekip vaahanaala nirmaanam praarambhamaindi. porala mariyu niyantrana uparitalaalu korolevloni energy vadda nirminchabaddaayi mariyu chivari assembly saratov vadda nirvahinchabadindi. 1997loe, russia ekeep prajectulo 12 million dollarlu pettubadi pettaalani yochinchindi, 1999loe kotta round vimaana pareekshalanu nirvahinchaalani nirnayinchaaru. dheeniki rashtra sthaayi rakshana parisrama mantritva saakha, rakshana mantritva saakha (pradhana customer) mariyu atavee mantritva saakha maddatu icchaayi. 1999loe, corolevlo ekip upakaranaala abhivruddhini dhesha budjetlo oka pratyeka linega chaerchaaru, conny nidhulu antaraayam kaliginchaayi mariyu dabbu andaledu. nidhula korata kaaranamgaa, aaa samvatsaram juunloo eee project nilipiveyabadindi. ekip srushtikarta lev shukin eee project yokka vidhi gurinchi aandolana chendaadu mariyu vyaktigata nidhulatho prajectunu konasaaginchadaaniki aneka prayatnaalu chesina taruvaata, athanu 2001loe gundepotuto maraninchaadu.
2003 septembarulo, saratov aviation plant ekipnu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki united states navika vaayu vyavasthala command (navire) thoo kalisi panicheyadaaniki oka oppandampai santakam chesindi. moodu nundi aidu samvatsaraalalo maereelaandlooni navika vaimanika kendram pataxent nadhi yokka webster feeled vadda vimaana pareeksha karyakramanni nirvahinchaalsi undhi. eee samayaniki, ekip ell2-3 pareeksha namuunaa paeloednu mosukellagala saamarthyam kaligina noukagaa abhivruddhi chendindi, mariyu idhi sumaru rekkalu mariyu sumaru fuselage podavunu kaligi undhi. oka pedda ell3-2 modal kooda pranaalika cheyabadindi, idhi garishta takeoff baruvu (entove), payload samardhyam, rekkalu mariyu daadaapu fuselage podavunu kaligi untundi.
dwaipaakshika oppandam taruvaata 2004 eprillo adhikaarika oppandam kudirindi. navair mariyu saratov samyuktamgaa ekipnu utpatti chestaaru, idhi atavee mantalanu aarpadamlo upayoginchadaaniki lakshyamgaa untundi. ekip ammakalu mariyu utpatti praarambhamaina tarvaata united states russiaku dividendlanu chellistundi. saratov prarambha vimaana pareeksha namuunaanu nirmistaadu, idhi baruvu mariyu pareeksha kosam 2006 lone naavarku pampinhee cheyabadutundi. ayithe, juulai 2005 natiki, ika ika ekeep abhivruddhini konasaaginchaalani pranaalika ledani navair telipindi.
2005 nundi 2009 varaku, vishwavidyaalayaalu mariyu paarisraamika samsthalaku chendina padhi european mariyu russian parisoedhanaa samuuhaala consortium, ekip fairing maadirigaane, wing srushtinchina pravahalapai european union nidhulatho adhyayanalanu nirvahinchindi. eee project yokka working taitil "vortexel2050" (). ekeep vimanalanu kaneesam 2010 natiki air sholalo kooda pradarsinchaaru. eee samayaniki, cargo/passenger vaeriyantlu moodu versionlaku (ell2-3, ell3-1, mariyu ell3-2) tagginchabaddaayi, ivi ippudu 40 nundi 1,200 mandhi prayaanikulu mariyu entoves saamarthyaanni kaligi unnaayi, ayithe podavaina shreni version ippudu takkuva shrenini kaligi undhi. alaage, praat & whitney kenada nundi pidableu206 turboshaft mariyu pidableu305eah turbophan enginelu mariyu purogati dii-18tii, ekip samarpanhala sattern/lulka all-34 mariyu kuznetsov enke-92 sthaanaanni bharti chesaayi, endukante aaa rendu enginelu utpatti dasaku cherukoledu. saratov aviation plant moosivesina taruvaata, ekip namuunaanu masco sameepamloni ivanovskoy graamamlooni museumku badilee chesaaru. eee namuunaa 2011 nundi bahiranga pradarsanalo undhi.
design.
ekip vimanam yokka asaadhaarana aakaram vaetaadina guddu, beatle, junnu ganta ledhaa talakrindulugaa unna ginneni pooli untundani varninchabadindi. saadhaarana vimaanaalato poliste prayaanikulaku, saruku mariyu indhanaaniki ekkuva parimaanamlo andinchadaaniki idhi roopondinchabadindi. egire rekka fuselage madhya vibhagam mariyu side vibhaagaalanu kaligi untundi. kaakpit, prayaaneekula cabin mariyu cargo nilva madhya vibhaagamlo unnaayi. indhana tankulu, indhana feed vyavasthalu, enginelu mariyu agnimaapaka parikaraalu prakka bhagalalo unnaayi. prati fuselage side vibhagam krinda air-kushan skeg untundi, idhi fuselage yokka pradhana anchu mundu nundi venuka anchu venuka varaku sarala rekhalo rekhaamsamgaa vistarinchi untundi. gaali mettalu takeoff mariyu landingla kosam muduchukodagina, chakraala landing gair sthaanamlo upayoginchabadataayi, ivi neeti ledhaa chadunu cheyani uparitalaalapai sambhavinchavachhu. vimanam dige tayaareeloo, gaali mettalu penchi, vistarinchabadataayi, aapai vaatini vimaanamlo madathapetti madatapedataru. ekip yokka prayaaneekula versionlalo pedda, masakabaarina, load-baring kitikeelu untaayi mariyu cabin sabdam sthaayi garishtamgaa 75 decibels (db) lakshyamgaa untundi.
aerodynamic nirodhakatanu tagginchadaaniki, sarihaddu pora niyantrana (blc) vyavastha upayoginchabadutundi, idhi ekip yokka venuka uparitalampai varusa viloma sudigundala samitini upayoginchadam dwara vimanam chuttoo nirantara, vibhajana rahita gaali pravahanni nirdhaaristundi. eee vyavastha samaantara jatala slaatlatho tayaaru cheyabadindi. janta yokka mundu slat vahanam nundi gaalini bayataku teestundi, ayithe janta yokka venuka slat gaalini tirigi peelchukuntundi. dheeni kaaranamgaa, yantram takkuva nirodhakathatho laminar aerodynamic pravaahamlo kadulutundi. eee vyavastha takkuva shakti viniyogaanni 40° (cruiz, takeoff mariyu landinglo) varaku daadi konam kosam takkuva aerodynamic nirodhakata mariyu parikaram yokka sthirathvaanni andinchadaaniki anumatistundi. egire rekka yokka ettadam saktini mariyu lagadam gunakam 1.5 nundi 2 kaarakamtho meruguparachadaaniki, blc vyavasthaku forward thrust enginela rated saktilo 3-6% kii samanam matrame avasaram. blc vyavasthanu sadviniyogam chesukovadam valla ekip vimaanaaniki adhika mandam-thoo-theega nishpatti 30-35% labhistundi, idhi sampradaaya vimaana rekkaku 8-10% thoo poliste.
flying saasarlatho sambandham unna sthirathva samasyalanu parishkarinchadaaniki, ekip soviet union yokka burran space shuttle nundi svayamchaalaka niyantrana saanketikatanu amalu chesindi, idhi 1988loe bhoomipai svayamchaalakamgaa landing chesina modati antariksha kakshyaga nilichindi. idhi sthirathvam mariyu vimaana niyantrananu andinchadaaniki directable air flony upayogistundi. flaplatho paatu, ekip yokka mondi rekkalu vaati konala vadda reaction controll thrusterlu kaligi untaayi, ivi sampradaaya, siluva aakaaramlo unde vimanalalo saadhyamainanta takkuva vegamtho vimananni sthireekaristaayi. thokaku kshitija samaantara mariyu niluvu thrust vectoring kosam nozzles untaayi, idhi vimanam yokka avaanchaneeya yaav mariyu rolnu parimitam chestundi.
ekip ettulo nundi vegamtho egaragaladu, ayithe egaragala modal kosam bhavishyat pranaalikalu unnaayi. sampradaaya vimaanaalato poliste eee vimanam takkuva vegamtho digagaladu. ekip neetipai takeoff mariyu landing cheyagala saamarthyam kaligi untundi; ell3-1 modal alalalo bayaludaeravachchu ledhaa cherukovacchu. cruising ettulo, vimanam lift-tuu-dragg nishpattini 17-18 kaligi untundi. ekip bhoomi ledhaa neeti paina ground effect loe egirinappudu, lift-tuu-dragg nishpatti 25 kii perugutundi.
vidyut plant.
oka ekip vimanam rendu setla enginelanu upayogistundi. modati sett munduku nettadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi. rendava sett ekip yokka vegaanni penchadaaniki mariyu sarihaddu pora niyantrana dwara aerodynamic dragnu tagginchadaaniki vimanam meeda gaalini laagutundi. sahayaka turboshaft enginelugaa suchinchabade taruvaati sett, cruiz samayamlo aardhikamgaa amalu cheyabadataayi, conny avi takeoff mariyu landing samayamlo garishta saktitoe panichesi air kushan nuu srushtistaayi. rendu rakaala enginelu venuka pottu lopala unchabadataayi.
dwandwa generator all-34 engineku jett indhanam (kirosin aadhaarita) ledhaa hydrogen mariyu sahaja vayuvu vanti cryogenic indhanaalanu upayoginchi saktinivvavachhu. idhi neeti emalsifiertho tayaaru cheyabadina abhivruddhi chendutunna russian pratyaamnaaya indhanamaina akwazin thoo panicheyadaaniki kooda roopondinchabadindi. takkuva sthaayi gasoline ledhaa sahaja vayuvu ledhaa anubandha vayuvu yokka proses chesina utpattulu vanti hydrocarbonlalo 58 saatam varaku neeru emulsify cheyabadi untundi. emulsified indhanam mottam octain sankhya 85 kaligi undani cheppabadindi, idhi 50 octain sankhya kaligina gasoline vyardha utpattula nundi tayaaru cheyabadinappatiki. aakvaajin gaddakatte sthaanaanni kaligi unnappatikee, ekip yokka ushnograta-niyantrita pottu lopala indhanam nilva cheyadam anedi praamaanika vimaana rekkalo nilva chesina indhanaaniki bhinnamgaa, akwazin ghaneebhavinchakundaa nirodhistundi. ekip designerlu neeti injection lanty vyavasthanu kooda parisoedhimchaaru, dheenilo sampradaaya jett indhanam kaalchiveyabadindi, conny exast gyaas nundi neeti ghaneebhavinchina padaarthaanni sekarinchi indhana mishramaaniki jodinchaaru.
forward thrust enginelu nilipiveyabadithe, ekip siddhamgaa laeni ground saitlalo ledhaa neetilo, oke sahayaka enginelo kooda ibbandi lekunda digavacchu. avarohana raetu garishta sthaayiki matrame cherukuntundani perkonabadindi.
vaividhyaalu.
sainyam.
ekeep meeda vyavasthaapinchagala aayudhaala shreni, parikaram yokka pedda mosukelle saamarthyam mariyu adhika yukti kaaranamgaa goppadi.

