
kaaru rahita udyamam

kaaru rahita udyamam anedi saamaajika kaaryakartalu, pattana pranaalikadaarulu, ravana injaneerlu, paryaavaranavettalu mariyu itarulatoe sahaa vyaktulu mariyu samsthala vistruta, anadhikaarika, udbhavinche network, idhi pedda mariyu/ledhaa adhika-vaega motaru vahanalu (kaarlu, truckulu, tractor unitlu, motor saikillu modalainavi) anae bhaagaswaamya nammakam dwara kalisi vastundi.) chaalaa aadhunika nagarallo chaalaa prabalamgaa unnaayi. rahadari mariyu parking sthalaanni itara praja upayogaalaku marchadam dwara mariyu nadaka, saikling, praja ravana, vyaktigata ravana mariyu oka sevagaa chalanaseelatato sahaa itara maargaala dwara chaalaa gamyasthanalu sulabhamgaa cherukune chota compact pattana vaataavaranaalanu punarnirminchadam dwara motaru vaahanaala vadakam baga tagginchabadina ledhaa tolaginchabadina pradaesaalanu srushtinchadam udyamam yokka lakshyam.
sandarbham.
iravayyava sataabdaaniki mundu, nagaralu mariyu pattanaalu saadhaaranamgaa sanklishtamgaa undevi, maanava kaaryakalaapaalato bijeegaa unna irukaina veedhulu undevi. iravayyava sataabdam praarambhamlo, eee sthaavaraalalo chaalaa varaku karuku visaalamaina roadlu, ekkuva kaaru parking sthalaalu mariyu takkuva janabha saandratalatoe, pattana bhavanala madhya automotive upayogam kosam ketaayinchina sthalamtho anugunamgaa marchabaddayi. takkuva janabha saandrata antey praantaala madhya ekkuva dhooraalatho pattana vistarana. takkuva viniyoga vyayam traaphik raddeeni teesukuvacchindi, idhi paatha ravaanaanu aakarshanheeyam kaanidigaa ledhaa asaadhyamainadigaa chesindi, mariyu marinta traaphik mariyu vistaranaku paristhitulanu srushtinchindi; kaaru vyavastha paadaalu, baikulu, bassulu mariyu raillu vanti pootiidaarulanu 'drive' cheyagaligindi. eee prakriya pattana roopam mariyu jeevana vidhanalalo maarpulaku daariteesindi, idhi kaaru laeni prajalaku takkuva avakaasaanni andinchindi.
konni prabhutvaalu pattana saandratalanu penchadam, mishrama viniyoga abhivruddhi mariyu infilnu prothsahinchadam, private kaarlaku ketaayinchina sthalaanni tagginchadam, nadavagalige saamarthyaanni penchadam, saikling mariyu parimaanam mariyu vegamtho samaanamaina itara pratyaamnaaya vaahanaalaku maddatu ivvadam mariyu praja ravaanaanu prothsahinchadam dwara auto dependencyni tippikottadam lakshyamgaa vidhanalu mariyu nibandhanalatho pratispandinchaayi. prapanchavyaaptamgaa, praja ravana mariyu motaru rahita ravana modal sherlanu penche prayatnamlo pattana pranaalika abhivruddhi chendutondi mariyu private ravana aadhaarita abhivruddhi nundi dhooramgaa maarutondi. hankong vanti nagaralu atyanta samagra praja ravana vyavasthanu abhivruddhi chesaayi, idhi private ravana viniyogaanni samarthavantamgaa tagginchindi. private automotive prayaanaaniki viruddhamgaa, kaaru bhaagaswaamyamlo, prajalu sonta kaaru kakunda konni gantalu sulabhamgaa kaarunu addeku teesukovachhu, idhi pattana ravaanaaku perugutunna mukhyamaina amsamgaa udbhavistondi.
pattana roopakalpana.
kaaru rahita kadalika yokka pratipaadakulu sthiramaina mariyu praja ravana (bassu, tram modalainavi) rendintipai drushti pedataaru.) empikalu mariyu pattana roopakalpana, john, paatasaala placement vidhanalu, pattana vyavasayam, remot work empikalu mariyu gruha nirmaanaalu saameepyata ledhaa praapyatanu srushtistaayi, tadwara suduura ravana rojuvaaree jeevitamlo avasaram takkuvagaa maarutundi.
kotta pattaneekarana anedi 1980la praarambhamlo udbhavinchina oka american urban design udyamam. pattana retrofits nundi suburban infill varaku real estate abhivruddhi mariyu pattana pranaalika yokka anni amsaalanu samskarinchadam dheeni lakshyam. kotta pattana praantaalu vividha rakaala gruhalu mariyu udyogaalanu kaligi undela mariyu nadavagaligela roopondinchabaddaayi. itara, marinta auto-oriented nagaralu kooda puurti veedhula merugudalala dwara ravana pratyaamnaayaalanu andinchadaaniki perugutunna maarpulanu chestunnayi.
"andarikee prapancha chaturasraalu" anedi landanlooni pradhana chaturasraala nundi trafalgarh square mariyu paarlamentu square thoo sahaa chaalaa traafiknu tolaginche pathakam.
paeru suuchimchinatlugaa, kaaru rahita nagaralu, mottam nagaralu (ledhaa kaneesam daani lopali bhagalu) puurtigaa kaaru rahitamgaa cheyabaddaayi.
kaaru rahita mandalaalu antey nagaramloni ledhaa pattanamlooni praantaalu, ikkada kaarla vadakam nishedhinchabadindi ledhaa chaalaa parimitam cheyabadindi.
kaaru rahita praantaalu/nagaralanu cheyadaaniki, (kadile mariyu/ledhaa sthiramaina) traaphik bolardulu mariyu itara addamkulu tarachugaa kaaru accessnu niraakarinchadaaniki upayoginchabadataayi.
jeevana veedhulu mariyu puurti veedhulu kaaru driverla kante veedhi viniyogadaarula avasaralaku praadhaanyata istayi. paadachaarulu, pillalu, saikillu nadipevaaru mariyu takkuva vegavantamaina motaru vahanalu panchukunela veetini roopondinchaaru.
pampinhee kendraalu nagara kendraalalo suuparmaarketlu, avtlet storelu, restaurantlu mariyu marinnintini sulabhamgaa tirigi nilva cheyadaaniki anumatistaayi. vaaru tama sarukunu suburban pampinhee kendramlo dinchadaaniki tractor unitlapy aadhaarapadataaru. 
aaa taruvaata, nagara kendramloni gamyasthaanaaniki chivari mailu varaku vantena cheyadaaniki, utpattulanu oka chinna truckulo (konnisaarlu vidyut aadhaarita), cargo bike ledhaa itara vahanamlo unchutaaru. janaabhaaku prayojanaalanu andinchadamtho paatu (takkuva andha macchalu unna truck driverla kaaranamgaa bhadrata peragadam, shabda kalushyam mariyu traaphik taggadam, tail pipe udgaaraalanu tagginchadam mariyu vaayu kalushyam tagginchadam mariyu marinni), idhi companylaku aardhika prayojanaanni kooda andistundi, endukante eee chivari mailu varaku vantena cheyadaaniki chaalaa samayam avasaram (vaariki churukutanam ledhu mariyu raddiigaa unna veedhullo ekkuva indhanaanni viniyogistaaru).
ayithe paina perkonna paddhati ippatikee kaaru rahita nagara kendraala lopala kaaru vadakanni tagginchadu (viniyogadaarulu tarachugaa nagara dukaanaala nundi tama kirana samagri ledhaa upakaranaalanu teesukuraavadaaniki kaarlanu upayogistaaru, endukante vaariki chaalaa nilva sthalam undhi). eee samasya online phud ordering vyavasthala dwara parishkarinchabadutundi, idhi viniyogadaarulanu aanlainlo arder cheyadaaniki anumatistundi, aapai saikil courier (cargo baiklanu upayoginchi), electric delivery robotlu mariyu delivery vyaanla dwara suupar market ledhaa store dwara vaari inti vaddaku pampinhee cheyabadutundi. delivery vyaanlu ekkuva sarukunu teesukelladaaniki mariyu oke prayaanamloo aneka mandhi viniyogadaarulaku andinchadaaniki anumatistaayi. eee aahara arder vyavasthalu kaaru rahitamgaa maaraalanukune nagaralaku sajavuga parivartananu andinchagalavu, endukante idhi nagarallo vyaktigata kaaru vadakam mariyu vyaktigata kaaru demand rendintinee tagginchagaladu.
pattanaala shivaarlalo, valayala rahadaarula nishkramana mariyu nagara kendramloni kaaru rahita mandalaala madhya, adanapu kaaru parking sthalaalanu jodinchavachhu, saadhaaranamgaa bhoogarbha kaaru paarkula roopamlo (idhi uparitala sthalaanni teesukokunda undataaniki). eee kaaru-parking sthalaalanu jagrattagaa unchadam avasaram, ayithe avi nagara kendraalaku (mariyu ring rodlaku daggaragaa) taginanta dhooramlo undela chusukovadam valla avi nagara kendraaniki ekkuva kaarlanu aakarshinchakundaa nivaarinchavacchu. konni sandarbhaallo, eee kaaru parking sthalaala sameepamlo, park chesi, praja ravaanaanu nadapandi (antey.ii. bassu) staplu mundugaane unnaayi, ledhaa saikil-sharing vyavasthalu unnaayi.
community saikil karyakramalu swalpakaalika upayogam kosam pattana vaataavaranamloo saikillanu andistaayi. modati vijayavantamaina pathakam 1960laloe amsterdamlo jarigindi mariyu ippudu 2007loe paarislo pravesapettina 20,000 saikillatho aneka itara nagarallo velib pathakamlo kanugonavacchu. dockless bike share systems iteevala united stateslo kanipinchaayi mariyu takkuva samayam kosam baiknu addeku teesukoovaalanukune prajalaku marinta soukaryaanni andistaayi.
nyaayavaada samuuhaalu.
merugaina ravana kosam pracharam (gatamlo transport 2000 anie piluvabadedi) 1972loe britainlo british railu networklo pratipaadita kothalanu savaalu cheyadaaniki erpadindi mariyu appati nundi praja ravaanaanu prothsahinchindi.
kaaru rahita nadaka anedi oka UK aadhaarita website, idhi nadicheevaarini kaarunu upayoginchadam kante nadaka prarambha mariyu mugimpuku cherukovadaniki praja ravaanaanu upayoginchamani prothsahistundi.
kriyaaseelata samuuhaalu.
pattana samajalalo mariyu graameena praantaalalo kooda pradhana rahadari nirmaana kaaryakramaaniki pratispandanagaa 1990la praarambhamlo united kingdamlo rahadari nirasanalu praamukhyatanu santarinchukunnaayi.
1991loe londonlo erpadina udyamam, veedhulanu tirigi pondadam, pradhana rahadaarulu, rahadaarulu ledhaa freewaylo paarteelanu nirvahinchadaaniki "daadi" chesindi. idhi kaaru driverlu mariyu public bus raidarlu vanti eee pradaesaala yokka saadhaarana viniyogadaarulaku aatamkam kaliginchavacchu, ayithe arts yokka tatvasaastram emitante, idhi vaahanaala traaphik, paadachaarulu kaadu, vaaru aatamkam kaligistunnaru, mariyu rahadaarini aakraminchadam dwara vaaru vaastavaaniki bahiranga sthalaanni terustunnaru.
flanderslo, nagara kendraalalo tractor unitlanu nishedhinchaalani samstha fiteserband prabhutvaaniki pilupunicchindi.
1992loe shaan franciscolo klishtamaina saamuuhika savaareelu udbhavinchaayi, ikkada cyclistlu "memu traaphik" anae ninaadaanni upayoginchi traaphik meeda aadhipatyam chelaayinchadaaniki saamuhikamgaa veedhulloki vastaaru."saikil nadipevaariki nagaram entha snehapuurvakamgaa ledani drushtini aakarshinchaalane aalochanatho eee raid sthaapinchabadindi. prapanchamlooni pradhana metropolitan nagarallo jarige sanghatanalanu chaerchadaaniki eee udyamam perigindi.
prapancha nagna bike raid 2001loe speyinlo modati nagna bike raidlatho janminchindi, idhi 2004loe wnbrga udbhavinchindi, idhi saikil ravana, punarutpaadaka shakti, vinodam, nadavagalige sanghaalu mariyu paryaavarana baadhyata, sthiramaina jeevanaanni prothsahinchadaaniki prapanchavyaaptamgaa aneka vibhina kaaryakarta samuuhaalu mariyu vyaktulatoe sahakaram dwara vaegamgaa vyaapinchindi.
shaan franciscolo unna srushtikartalu, designerlu mariyu kaaryakartala sahakaara brundam rebar 2005loe prarambhamainappudu, oka meater parking sthalaanni mattigadda, seating mariyu needatho puurti chesina oka chinna parkuga maarchindi mariyu 2007 natiki prapanchavyaaptamgaa 27 nagarallo 180 paarkulu unnaayi.
 juulai 2022 natiki 283,000 mandhi sabhyulatho anty-kaar subredit undhi.
adhikaarika sanghatanalu.
kaaru laeni rojulu anevi adhikaarika karyakramalu, oka nagaram yokka veedhula nundi ledhaa konni lakshya praantam ledhaa porugu praantaala nundi rojulo kontha bhaagam ledhaa annintikee kaarlanu teesiveyadam anae saadhaarana lakshyamtho, akkada nivasinche mariyu panichese prajalaku vaari nagaram elaa untundo mariyu gananeeyamgaa takkuva kaarlatho pani cheyagalado pariganinchadaaniki avakaasam ivvadaaniki. modati karyakramalu 1995loe rekjavik (island), baath (yuke) mariyu laa roshell (france) loe nirvahinchabaddaayi. jakarta, indonesia varapu kaaru rahita rojulanu nirvahinche atuvanti nagarallo okati.
siklovia anedi aneka nagarallo idhe vidhamaina karyakramam, idhi auto prayaanaaniki pratyamnaayamgaa saiklingku ekkuva praadhaanyata istundi. eee karyakramam 1974loe kolambiyaaloni bogota loe praarambhamaindi. ippudu, bogota varapu sikloviyalanu nirvahistundi, idhi nagara udyanavanalalo aerobics bodhakulu, yoga upaadhyaayulu mariyu sangeetakaarulu vividha pradarsanala dwara prajalanu nadipinche dasalato veedhulanu bhaarii kaaru rahita vaedukalugaa maarustundi. eee karyakramam prapanchavyaaptamgaa ilanti vedukalaku sphuurtinichimdi.
"naa kaaru lekunda, pattanamlo!"kaaru kakunda itara vaahanaala vadakam kosam prati saradrutuvu (uttara ardhagolamlo) oka yuu pracharam mariyu roeju. appati nundi idhi european union daati vyaapinchindi, 2004loe 40kii paiga deshaalu palgonnayi.
prapancha pattaneekarana dinotsavam 1949loe buenous airslo sthaapinchabadindi mariyu prati november 8naa naalugu khandaalloni 30 kante ekkuva deshaalalo jarupukuntaaru.
"kaaru rahita nagaraala vaipu" anedi prapancha kaaru rahita network yokka vaarshika samavesam mariyu idhi abhivruddhi chendutunna prapancha kaaru rahita kadalika yokka vibhina amsaalaku kendra binduvunu andistundi. eee samavesam 2008loe united states looni port land, oregon (uttara americalo modatisaari) thoo sahaa prapanchamlooni pradhana nagarallo jarigindi, mariyu istanbul, turkey; bogota, columbia; budapest, hangari; berlin, germany; prague, check republic; timisora, romenia; mariyu leone, france laloe kooda jarigindi. automobilepy pattana aadharapadataanni tagginchadaaniki aasakti unna aneka mandhi vibhina vyaktulu mariyu samsthala madhya antaraanni tagginchadaaniki conferences syries prayatnistundi.
ravana pratyaamnaayaalu 'vaarshika prayaanikula pandem' oka cyclistunu sabwe raidar mariyu cab raidar iddarikee vyatiraekamgaa raanula nundi manhatton varaku resulo nilabedutundi. aidava vaarshika prayaanikula resu mae 2009loe jarigindi, ikkada cyclist rachel myers strafanger daan hendrick mariyu cab raidar villie thampsonlanu oodinchi aidava samvatsaram saikil paie pootiidaarudu gelichaadu. 2009loe meyers 20 nimishala 15 sekanla samayamtho titlenu geluchukoni maanhaatanloni sunniside, queens nundi columbus circle varaku 4.2 mailla trekk chesaaru. hendrick 15 nimishala taruvaata sabwe nundi kanipinchaadu mariyu thampson daadaapu araganta taruvaata cab dwara vacchaadu. ravana pratyaamnaayaalu anevi "kaalushyarahita, nissabda, nagara-snehapoorvaka prayaanaanni prothsahinchadaaniki mariyu penchadaaniki mariyu tagginchadaaniki-nishedham-private kaaru vadakanni tagginchadaaniki newyork nagaram yokka ravana praadhaanyatalanu maarchadaaniki prayatnistunna oka samuuham. [vaaru] 'harita ravana sopanakramam' aadhaaramgaa hetubaddhamaina ravana vyavasthanu korukuntaru, idhi samaajaaniki vaari prayojanaalu mariyu kharchula aadhaaramgaa prayaana vidhaanaalaku praadhaanyata istundi. daani lakshyalanu saadhinchadaaniki, t.eah. aidu praantaalalo panichestundihi saikling, nadaka mariyu traaphik prasaantata, kaaru rahita paarkulu, surakshitamaina veedhulu mariyu telivaina ravana."2009 prayaanikula resu envaisilo times square traaphik nishedham nepathyamlo jaateeya media drushtini aakarshinchindi.
kaaru rahita abhivruddhi.
nirvachanalu mariyu rakalu.
prapanchamlo chaalaa praantaalu unnaayi, ikkada prajalu ellappuduu kaarlu lekunda nivasinchaaru, endukante rahadari access saadhyam kaadu, ledhaa edhee andinchabadaledu. abhivruddhi chendina deshaalalo veetilo dveepaalu mariyu konni chaaritraka parisaraalu ledhaa sthaavaraalu unnaayi, dheeniki atipedda udaaharana venis kaaluva nagaram. kaarlu laeni "abhivruddhi" anae padam bhouthika maarpunu suuchistumdi-kotta bhavanam ledhaa ippatike nirminchina praantaaniki maarpulu.
melia "mariyu itarulu."(2010) kaaru rahita abhivruddhini eee krindi vidhamgaa nirvachinchandih
kaaru rahita abhivruddhi anedi nivaasa ledhaa mishrama viniyoga abhivruddhi, ivih
eee nirvachanam (idhi vaaru marinta saadhaaranamaina "takkuva kaaru abhivruddhi" nundi vaeru chestaaru) pradhanamgaa vaayuvya airopalo anubhavam meeda aadharapadi untundi, ikkada kaaru rahita abhivruddhi kosam udyamam praarambhamaindi. eee nirvachanamlo moodu rakalu gurtinchabaddaayih
vaav.
eee nirvachanam prakaram, 5,000 mandiki paiga nivaasitulatoe airopalo atipedda kaaru rahita abhivruddhi ayina germanyloni waban, freeberg. dheenini kaaru rahitamgaa pariganinchavacchaa anedi charchaku teravabadindihi chaalaa mandhi sthaanika prajalu akkada traaphik nirvahana vyavasthanu vivarinchadaaniki "-aksharala" parking sthalaala nundi uchitam "anae padaanni ishtapadataaru. vahanalu nivaasa veedhullo nadaka vegamtho pickup cheyadaaniki mariyu delivery cheyadaaniki anumatinchabadataayi, conny park cheyadaaniki anumatinchabadavu, ayinappatikee tarachugaa ullanghanalu jarugutaayi. stellplatzfree praantaala nivaasitulu tamaku kaaru undaa ledhaa anie paerkontuu vaarshika prakatanapai santakam cheyali. council yaajamaanyamloni company naduputunna anchuna unna bahula antastula kaar paarkulalo okadaanilo kaaru yajamaanulu oka sthalaanni konugolu cheyali. eee sthalaala kharchu-2006loe €17,500, mariyu nelawari rusumu-kaaru yaajamaanyaaniki prothsaahakamgaa panichestundi.
parimita praapyata rakam.
kaaru rahita abhivruddhi yokka marinta saadhaarana roopamlo oka vidhamaina bhouthika avarodham untundi, idhi motaru vahanalu kaaru rahita kendramloki chochukupokunda nirodhistundi. 
melia "mariyu itarulu."dheenini" "parimita praapyata" "rakamgaa vivarinchandi". 
kolonlo stellwork 60 vanti konni sandarbhaallo, nivaasitula samsthalachae niyantrinchabade tolaginchagala avarodham undhi. waterwizk vanti itara sandarbhaallo, vaahanaala pravesam bayati nundi matrame andubaatulo untundi.
paadachaarula praantaalu.
modati rendu namuunaalu kottagaa nirminchina kaaru rahita abhivruddhiki vartistaayi, chaalaa paadachaarula praantaalu retro-amarchabaddayi. paadachaarula praantaalanu kaaru rahita abhivruddhiga pariganinchavacchu, ikkada avi gananeeyamaina janabha mariyu prati intiki vaahana yajamanyam yokka takkuva retunu kaligi untaayi. airopalo atipedda udaaharana groningen, netherlands, idhi 2008loe 16,500 nagara kendra janabhanu kaligi undhi.
prayojanaalu mariyu samasyalu.
european kaaru rahita abhivruddhi gurinchi aneka adhyayanalu jarigaayi. atyanta samagramainavi 2000loe zaan schemer chetha nirvahinchabaddaayi. vienna yokka fluoridsdorff kaaru rahita abhivruddhi vanti nirdishta kaaru rahita praantaala gurinchi iteevali adhyayanalu jarigaayi.
kaaru rahita abhivruddhi kosam kanipinche pradhana prayojanaalu (melia mariyu itarulalo sangrahamgaa unnaayi."2010) vividha adhyayanaalalo kanugonabadindih
parking nirvahanaku sambandhinchina pradhana samasyalu. chuttupakkala praantamloo parking niyantrinchabadani chota, idhi tarachugaa atigaa parking gurinchi poruguvaari nundi firyadulaku daariteestundi.