
videshee saarvabhouma roganirodhaka shakti chattam

1976 naati videshee saarvabhouma roganirodhaka chattam (fsia) anedi united states code yokka sheershika 28, §§1330,1332,1391 (eff), 1441 (dii), mariyu 1602-1611 vadda krodikarinchabadina united states chattam, idhi oka videshee saarvabhouma desham (ledhaa daani raajakeeya upavibhaagaalu, agencylu ledhaa upakaranaalu) yuu yokka adhikara paridhi nundi vimukti kaligi undaa anedaaniki pramaanaalanu erpaatu chesindi.ess. nyaayasthaanaalu-samakhya ledhaa rashtra. eee chattam videshee deshaaniki vyatiraekamgaa karyakalapalalo prakriya yokka seva, aastini attach cheyadam mariyu teerpunu amalu cheyadaaniki nirdishta vidhaanaalanu kooda erpaatu chestundi. united stateslo videshee saarvabhoumaadhikaariki vyatiraekamgaa poura daavaanu teesukuraavadaaniki fsia pratyeka aadharam mariyu maargaalanu andistundi. dheenini 1976 aktobaru 21naa united states adhyakshudu gerald ford chattamgaa santakam chesaaru.
charitra.
videshee rashtra roganirodhaka shakti yuu loe sudeergha charitra kaligi undhi.ess. kortulu. prarambha sandarbhamlo, "scooner marpidi v. m 'faddon, "11 yuu.ess. 116 (1812) loe, oka private party france prabhutvampai daavaa veyalemani supreenkortu teerpu ichindi. aaa sandarbhamlo, philadelphialo aasrayam pondina yuddhanaukaku yajamanyanni koorutuu oka videshee saarvabhoumaadhikaaripai vaadi daavaa veyaledani supreenkortu teelchindi. antarjaateeya abhyasam mariyu saadhaarana nyaya suutraalanu anusarinchadam, yuu.ess. vaanijya kaaryakalaapaalaku sambandhinchina aaa vaadanalu unnappatikee, videshee prabhutvaalapai vaadanalanu vinadaniki nyaayasthaanaalu mamuluga niraakarinchaayi. yuu.ess. videshee raashtraalaku sampoorna roganirodhaka shakti siddhaantaanni rashtra vibhagam anusarinchindi, mariyu nyaayasthaanaalu saadhaaranamgaa videshee saarvabhoumaadhikaarulaku vyatiraekamgaa charyalalo rashtra vibhagam yokka roganirodhaka shakti suuchanalapai aadharapaddaayi. 1952loe, yuu.ess. antarjaateeya aacharanalo maarpulanu gamaninchina rashtra vibhagam, saarvabhouma roganirodhaka shakti yokka nirbandha siddhaantaanni sweekarinchindi, dheeni prakaram videshee rashtram yokka praja chattalu ("nyaayaparamaina adhikaram") roganirodhaka saktini pondutaayi, ayithe private chattalu ("nyaayaparamaina niyamam") kaadu.
videshee saarvabhouma roganirodhaka shakti chattanni saasanam dwara krodeekarinchina modati desham united states. fsia moodu vistruta lakshyalanu kaligi undih (1) rashtra vibhagam nundi roganirodhaka shakti nirnayaalaku baadhyatanu nyaayavyavasthaku badilee cheyadam; (2) roganirodhaka shakti yokka "nirbandha" siddhaantaanni nirvachinchadam mariyu krodikarinchadam; mariyu (3) videshee rashtraalu mariyu prabhutva samsthalaku vyatiraekamgaa vyaajyaalaku samagramaina, ekareeti palananu andinchadam.
eee chattam saarvabhouma roganirodhaka saktini puurtigaa nyaayavyavastha chetullo unchinappatikee, prasnalooni "rashtram" yuu kante ekkuva unte prativaadi saarvabhouma anie kanugonadaaniki aneka nyaayasthaanaalu ayishtatanu vyaktam chesaayi.ess. antarjaateeya chattam prakaram rashtra hodha yokka nirvachananni prativaadi nissandehamgaa santrupti parachinappatikee, prabhutvam adhikarikamga gurtinchaledu.
2016loe ugravaada spaansarla chattaniki vyatiraekamgaa nyayanni amalu cheyadam meeku anumatinchindi.ess. meepai jarigina ugravaada charyalapai videshee saktulapai daavaa vaeyadaaniki pourulu.ess. naela.
adhikara paridhi saasanam.
fsia anedi adhikara paridhi saasanam. videshee deshaaniki vyatiraekamgaa daavaa vaeyadaaniki yea sharatulanu paatinchaalo idhi suuchistumdi, videshee saarvabhoumaadhikaari yea pravartananu amalu cheyagalado kaadu. oka videshee prativaadi fsia kinda "videshee rashtram" gaa arhata saadhinchinatlayithe, chattam yea yuu loe daavaa vaeyadaaniki nirodhakatanu kaligi untundani andistundi.ess. nyayasthaanam-samakhya ledhaa rashtram-roganirodhaka saktiki chattabaddhamaina minahaayimpu vartiste tappa. roganirodhaka saktiki minahaayimpu vartimpajeyadam anedi vishaya-vishaya adhikara paridhiki sambandhinchina vishayam, antey roganirodhaka saktiki minahaayimpu lekapothe, kortu daavaanu vinadu mariyu daavaanu kottiveyaali. verlinden bii.vii. vii. central byaank off nigeria, "prativaadi jilla nyayasthaanam yokka adhikara paridhini savaalu chestu, idhi federal chattam prakaram talette kesu kaananduna jilla nyaayasthaanaaniki effsia adhikara paridhini ivvaledani annaru. fsia kinda adhikara paridhini edainaa prerepinchadam tappanisarigaa fsiaku minahaayimpula vislaeshanhanu kaligi untundani supreenkortu kanugondi, nirvachanam prakaram fsia kesulu samakhya chattam kinda talettutaayi.
fsia kinda, idhi fsia kinda "videshee rashtram" anie sthaapinchadaaniki rujuvu yokka bhaaram modatlo prativaadi meeda untundi, anduvalla rashtra roganirodhaka saktiki arhata kaligi untundi. "videshee rashtram" 28 yuu vadda nirvachinchabadindi.ess.sii. §1603 (eah), (bii). prativaadi adhi videshee rashtram anie nirdhaarinchina tarvaata, daavaa konasaagadaaniki, vaadi chattam yokka minahaayimpulalo okati roganirodhaka saktiki vartistundani niroopinchaali. minahaayimpulu yea rakamaina charyalaku roganirodhaka shakti jatacheyabadadu mariyu u loe teerpu ivvadaaniki avasaramaina praadaesika sambandham rendintinee nirvachistaayi.ess. kortulu. eee chattam pramaanaalaku anugunamgaa unna daavaalapai adhikara paridhini sthaapinche deergha-chethi saasanam yokka oka roopaanni srushtistundi. 
minahaayimpulu 28 yuu vadda jabita cheyabaddaayi.ess.sii. §§1605,1605eah, 1607. atyanta saadhaarana minahaayimpulu emitante, videshee rashtram roganirodhaka saktini (§1605 (eah) (1)) vadulukunnappudu ledhaa madhyavartitvaaniki (§1605 (eah) (6)) vivaadaanni samarpinchadaaniki angeekarinchinappudu, vaanijya karyakalapallo (§1605 (eah) (2)) nimagnamainappudu, united stateslo "vyaktigata gaayam ledhaa maranam, ledhaa aastiki nashtam ledhaa nashtam" (saadhaarana traaphik gharshana vantivi) (§1605 (eah) (5)) kaliginche himsaku palpadinappudu ledhaa antarjaateeya chattam (§1605 (eah) (3)) nuu ullanghinchi aastini swaadheenam chesukunnappudu. konni prati daavaalu (§1607) mariyu admirality daavaalu (§1605 (bii)) unna sandarbhaallo kooda fsia minahaayimpu istundi. 1996 naati ugravaada vyatiraeka mariyu samarthavanthamaina maranasiksha chattamloni section 221 dheeniki minahaayimpugaa jodinchabadindi.ess. ugravaada baadhitulu, ugravaadaaniki rashtra spanserga state department niyaminchina yea prabhutvaaniki ayina. 1995loe thana kumarte alissa hatyaku kaaranamaina atmahuti bambu daadipai iraan paie daavaa vaeyadaaniki pooraadina nyaayavaadi stephen flatou paeru meeda 1996loe flatou savarana kooda jodinchabadindi, idhi atuvanti daadulaku baadhyulaina vaarini kortulo baadhyulanu chesindi.
sisippio-pulio v nirnayaaniki pratispandanagaa. islaamik republic off iraan "flatou savaranatho kooda videshee deshaalapai vyaktigata charya vyajyalanu koradam kashtataram chesindi, 2008 aardhika samvatsaraaniki jaateeya rakshana adhikara chattam ugravaada minahaayimpulanu mottamgaa §1605a kii taralinchadam dwara vistarinchindi, videshee deshaalanu charya vyaajyaala kaaranamgaa vaari adhikaarula charyalaku baadhyata vahinchela chesindi, mariyu himsa, nyaayavyatiraeka hatya, vimaana vidhvamsaka charya mariyu bandeelu teesukoovadaaniki minahaayimpulanu vistarinchindi.
2016loe, ugravaada spaansarlaku vyatiraekamgaa nyaya chattam ugravaadaaniki rashtra spaansarlanu adhikarikamga jabita cheyavalasina avasaranni tolaginchindi, tadwara september 11 daadula baadhita kutumbaalu soudhi arabiapai daavaa veyavachu.
paridhi mariyu vartimpu.
puurvagaami anuvartanam.
2004loe, supreenkortu republic off austria vii. loe teerpunichindi. altman, "541 yuu.ess. 677 (2004) antey effsia purvagaamigaa vartistundi. naajii kaalamlo swaadheenam chesukunnatluga aaropinchabadina aaa chitraalanu tirigi ichenduku austrian prabhutvaaniki vyatiraekamgaa prasiddha chitraala yajamaanula vaarasulu chesina daavaanu aaa kesu kaligi undhi. altman" paryavasanamga, effsia (1976) amalu chesina taruvaata daakhalu chesina vyaajyaalaku, effsia amalu cheyadaaniki mundu jarigina pravartana unnappatikee, roganirodhaka shakti yokka effsia pramaanaalu mariyu daani minahaayimpulu vartistaayi.
suut kosam pratyeka aadharam.
argentine republic v. america hess shipping corporation.", 488 yuu.ess. 428 (1989), supreenkortu fsia "videshee rashtrampai adhikara paridhini pondadaaniki ekaika aadharaanni andistundi" anie perkondi. aaa sandarbhamlo, 1982loe faclands yuddha samayamlo united kingdom mariyu argentine niyaminchina "yuddha mandalaala" velupala prayaanistunna liberian yaajamaanyamloni chamuru tankernu argentine jett gaalilo nundi uparitalaaniki prayoginchina rockett taakindi. argentine charyalu grahaantaravaasula himsa chattam 28 yuu nuu ullanghinchaayani paerkontuu shipping company federal kortulo argentinapy daavaa vesindi.ess.sii. §1350 mariyu saadhaarana naukaadala chattam. videshee saarvabhoumaadhikaaripai daavaa vaeyadaaniki fsia pratyeka maargaalanu andinchindani kortu kanugonnanduna, grahaantara himsa saasanam ledhaa saadhaarana naukaadala chattam kinda daavaa vaeyadaaniki vaadini anumatinchaledani kortu nirnayinchindi.
videshee rashtram" yokka nirvachanam.
fsia anedi videshee raashtraaniki sambandhinchina vyaajyaalaku matrame vartistundi. effsia nirvachistundi (28 yuu.ess.sii. §1603 (eah)) moodu samsthalanu chaerchadaaniki "videshee rashtram":
"agency ledhaa instrumentality" appudu nirvachinchabadutundi (28 yuu.ess.sii. §1603 (bii)) pratyeka chattaparamaina gurtimpunu kaligi unna edainaa samsthagaa mariyu rendoo
dole phud koo. vii. patrickson, "538 yuu.ess. 468 (2003), prabhutva yaajamaanyamloni corporation fsia kinda videshee rashtramgaa arhata pondadaaniki, daani "sherlu ledhaa itara yajamanya vaddii" loe ekkuva bhaagam videshee rashtram ledhaa raajakeeya upavibhaagaaniki chendinavi kabatti, videshee rashtram neerugaa corporation yokka vatalalo ekkuva bhaganni kaligi undaali anie supreenkortu nirnayinchindi. dole" loe, izrael prabhutvaaniki parokshamgaa yaajamaanyamloni rendu rasayana samsthalu fsia darakhaastu chesina aadhaaramgaa hawai jilla kosam united states jilla kortuku hawai rashtra kortu nundi kesunu tolaginchaalani prayatninchaayi. companyla vatalalo ekkuva bhaganni izrael prabhutvam neerugaa kaligi lenanduna, kaarporeshanlanu videshee rashtraalugaa pariganinchalemani, anduvalla fsia vartinchadani supreenkortu teelchindi. paroksha yajamanyam dwara companylapai izrael yokka majority aasakti fsia kinda "itara yajamanya aasakti" gaa arhata kaligi untundi ledhaa corporationlapy izrael yokka vaastava niyantrana arhata kaligi untundi anae companyla vaadananu kortu pratyaekamgaa tiraskarinchindi. thana mugimpuku cherukovadamlo, vaadi firyadu daakhalu chese samayamlone prativaadi videshee rashtramgaa arhata kaligi unnara anae nirnayam teesukobadindani kooda kortu perkondi.
oka vyaktigata prabhutva adhikari eff. ess. ii. yea paridhiloki vastunda, anduvalla daani nibandhanala prakaram daavaa vaeyadaaniki nirodhakata undaa ledhaa saampradaaya (eff. ess. ii. yea. kii mundu) saadhaarana chatta niyamaalu vartistaya anae daanipai nyaayasthaanaala madhya asammati undhi. vyaktulanu videshee raashtraala "agencylu ledhaa sadhanalu" gaa §1603 (bii) kinda cover chesinatlu chaalaa varaku samakhya appeella kortulu nirdharinchaayi. september 11,2001naa jarigina tirigi ugravaada daadulaloo, 538 eff. 3dii 71 (2dii cr) chudandi. 2008) (soudhi prabhutva adhikarulu eff. ess. ii. yea kinda roganirodhaka shakti pondadaaniki arhulu anie kanugonadam). ayithe, itara nyaayasthaanaalu, fsia yokka bhasha mariyu nirmaanam, mukhyamgaa §1603 (bii), vyaktulu kakunda samsthalu "agency ledhaa instrumentality" nirvachanam paridhiloki vastaayani pariganistunnatlu kanipistundani, vyaktulu fsia kinda roganirodhaka saktini pondadaaniki arhulu kaadani nirdharinchaayi. yousuf vii." chudandi. samantar, "552 eff. 3dii 371 (4va cr. 2009) (somalialoni maajee prabhutva adhikari fsia paridhiloki raarani, anduvalla fsia kinda roganirodhaka saktini pondagalarani, prativaadi saadhaarana chatta rakshanaku arhula kaadaa anie nirnayinchadaaniki jilla kortuku remandu cheyagalarani).
ayithe, 2010loe supreenkortu eee chattam oka rashtram tarapuna panichese prabhutva adhikaariki minahaayimpunu podiginchadani nirnayinchindi. samantar v vishayamlo. yousuf 2010 juunloo nirnayistuu, fsia lopala "videshee rashtram" nuu aaa rashtram tarapuna panichese adhikaarini chaerchadaaniki chadavaalani suuchimchadaaniki aemee ledani supreenkortu kanugondi. justice stevens, supreenkortu ekagreeva maddatutoe, kortu kesupai thana aneka paeraalatoe eee nirnayaanni saadhaarana chattamgaa marcharu. idhi videshee rashtramgaa pariganinchabade vaatini nirvachinchadaaniki sahaayapadindi, indulo ippudu vaari adhikara paridhiloo panichese rashtra adhikarulu unnaaru.
antekakunda, karyanirvahaka saakha yokka videsanga vidhana lakshyalanu anagadokkagala fsia yokka saamarthyam konasagutunna aandolanagaa undhi.
vaanijya kaaryakalaapaalaku minahaayimpu.
saarvabhouma roganirodhaka saktiki atyanta mukhyamaina minahaayimpu vaanijya karyakalapala minahaayimpu, 28 yuu.ess.sii. §1605 (eah) (2). aaa vibhagam oka vaadi videshee desham meeda daavaa veyagala moodu aadhaaraalanu andistundihi
videshee rajyam yokka karyakalapalu vaanijyaparamgaa unnaya anie nirnayinchadamlo, fsia, videshee saarvabhoumaadhikaari chattamlo nimagnamaina prayojanam (28 yuu.ess.sii. §1603 (dii)). udaaharanaku, rusumu aadhaarita ravana vyavastha yokka nirvahana bahusha oka vaanijya charya kaavacchu, ayithe parking tikketlaku jarimaanaalu vidhinchadam anedi oka praja chattam avutundi, modatidi praja sevanu andinchadaaniki chepattabadinappatiki, rendodi aadaayaanni penchadaaniki praarambhinchabadindi.
"republic off argentine v. veltover, "504 yuu.ess. 607 (1992), baand chellimpulapai argentine default ayinanduna utpannamayye baandlanu jaarii chesina prabhutvaaniki (argentine) vyatiraekamgaa baand-holder (rendu panamian corporations mariyu oka swiss byaank) nokkicheppina contract claim ullanghanaku sambandhinchinadi. baandla nibandhanala prakaram, baandlanu london, frankfurt, jurich ledhaa newyorklo chellinche avakaasam baand-holderlaku ivvabadindi. endukante eee kesu argentinalo jaarii chesina bandlapai argentinalo defaultku sambandhinchinadi (i.ii.united states velupala kaaryakalaapaalaku sambandhinchi united states velupala nirvahinchina chattam), adhikara paridhini sthaapinchadaaniki, vaadi vaanijya karyakalapala minahaayimpu kinda argentinapy daavaa vaeyadaaniki moodava praatipadikapai matrame aadhaarapadagaladu. fsia vaanijya karyakalapala minahaayimpu enduku vartinchakudadane daanipai argentine rendu praathamika vaadanalu chesindi (1) pettubadidaarulaku saarvabhouma runa jaarii anedi "vaanijya" karyakalapam kaadu mariyu (2) aaropinchabadina egavetha united stateslo "pratyaksha prabhavam" chuupinatlu pariganinchabadaledu. justice antonin scalia raasina ekagreeva abhipraayamlo, argentine saarvabhouma roganirodhaka saktiki arhuraalani supreenkortu perkondi. oka videshee prabhutvam market yokka niyantrakudigaa kakunda, daanilooni oka private aatagadi paddhatiloo vyavaharinchinappudu, videshee saarvabhoumaadhikaarula charyalu 'vaanijyaparamgaa untaayi, argentine baandla jaarii vaanijyaparamaina swabhaavaaniki chendinadani kortu teelchindi. united stateslo "pratyaksha prabhavam" vishayaanikosthe, fsia kinda united stateslo prabhavam tappanisarigaa "gananeeyamainadi" ledhaa "mundastugaa" undaalsina avasaram undani, badulugaa "pratyakshamgaa" undalante, prabhavam prativaadi yokka karyakalapam yokka "takshana paryavasanamga anusarinchaali" anie kortu teelchindi. newyork chellimpu cheyalsina pradaesam kabatti, vaadulu evaruu newyorklo laenappatikee, prabhavam pratyakshamgaa undani kortu teelchindi. veltover vijayavantamaina sthaanaanni newyork kuu chendina attarney richard katlar vaadinchagaa, argentine kesunu attarney richard davis vaadinchaaru.
2015loe, supreenkortu ekagreevamgaa "ob personwerkehr eji vii. americaloni adheekruta agent nundi railu ticket konugolu anedi videshee desamlo railu pramaadaaniki sambandhinchina daavaa vesinappudu vaanijya karyakalapala minahaayimpulo raadu" anie perkondi. americaku chendina karol satchs anae vyakti americaku chendina travel agent nundi internetlo eurail paasnu konugolu chesaadu. austrian national railway, ob personenverker egg (ob) nirvahinche railulo ekkadaaniki aame paasnu upayoginchindi, conny eee prakriyaloo aame pattaalapaiki padipoyindi mariyu kadulutunna railu aame kaallanu naliginchindi, aame rendu kaallanu vichchinnam cheyalsina avasaram erpadindi. eee sanghatanaku sambandhinchina nashtalaku sambandhinchi california uttara jilla kosam united states jilla kortulo satchs ob paie daavaa vaesaadu. usku chendina travel agent ticket ammakam aadhaaramgaa eee daavaanu fsia nishedhinchaledani aame vaadinchaaru. eee daavaa vaanijya kaaryakalaapaalaku minahaayimpu kaadani kortu teerpu ichindi. idhi tommidava circuit kosam united states kortuku appeal cheyabadindi, idhi teerpunu tippikottindi, usku chendina travel agent nundi ticket konugolu agencyni sthaapinchindani perkondi. supreenkortu "[daavaa] aadhaarapadina nirdishta pravartana" nuu pariseelinchindi mariyu aaa pravartana austrialo jariginanduna, eee kesu vaanijya kaaryakalaapaalaku minahaayimpugaa raadu anie perkondi.
jaatyahankaara labhalu.
oka vidyaarthi note, jaatyahankaara charyalu fsia yokka antarjaateeya konugolla minahaayimpu yokka adhikara paridhi parimitulanu minchinavigaa pariganhinchabadataayani vaadinchindi. juun 2017loe, columbia circuit jilla kosam united states court off appeals yokka vibhajinchabadina panel, naajii dopideedaarulu dongilinchina kalanu tirigi pondadaaniki holocast baadhitula praanaalatoe bayatapadinavaarini effsia nirodhinchaledani kanugondi. edemaina, eee teerpunu germany united states supreme kortuku savaalu chesindi, idhi fibravari 2021loe ekagreeva nirnayamlo videshee raashtraala nundi teesukunna aastula kosam videshee rashtraalapai chattaparamaina charyalu teesukoovadaaniki fsia anumatinchadani teerpu ichindi, endukante fsia nibandhanalu itara rashtraalu teesukunna rashtra aasti vaipu nirdesinchabaddaayi mariyu diguva kortu teerpulanu khaalii chesaayi. kesu, "germany vii. phillip, "rendava prapancha yuddhamlo naajii party teesukunna vastuvulaku pariharam kosam united states kortu vyavasthalalo germanypai daavaa vaeyadaaniki holocast baadhitula vaarasulaku effsia yokka vartimpajeyadam gurinchi vyavaharinchindi. praanaalatoe bayatapadina eee vyaktulu germanypai yuu. ess loe daavaa vaeyadaaniki effsia anumatinchadani kortu ekagreevamgaa teerpu ichindi.ess. kortu, eee ammakam anedi maranahomam charya kakunda aastini swaadheenam chesukune charya anie tarkinchindi, ayithe recoveryki itara margalu ippatikee andubaatulo unnayani manjuru chesindi. eee nirnayam sambandhita kesunu kooda muginchindi, "hangari vii. saiman, idhi "germany" paalanapai "prati curium" gaa nirnayinchabadindi.
prabhutva yaajamaanyamloni samsthalachae paarisraamika goodacharyam.
prabhutva yaajamaanyamloni samsthalu, vaati anubandha samsthalu, joint venturelu, mukhyamgaa peeples republic off chaina yaajamaanyamloonivi, paarisraamika goodacharyam, medho sampatti dongatanam aaropanalato, chattaparamaina charya nundi rakshanagaa eff. ess. ii. yea. nii upayoginchaayi.
mukhyamaina chattaparamaina kesulu.
"sisippio-pulio vii. 1996 naati ugravaada vyatiraeka mariyu samarthavanthamaina maranasiksha chattam mariyu eff. ess. ii. yea. kii flatou savarananu jodinchina taruvaata 2004loe islaamik republic off iraan "vinabadindi, ivi iraan nundi manugadalo unna lebanon bandee sankshobham yokka kutumba sabhyula nundi bhavodvega baadha nundi sikshaatmaka nashtalaku sambandhinchinavi. bandee yokka munupati kesu athani asalu daavaalo parihara nashtapariharanni geluchukovadamlo vijayavantamainappatiki, savarinchina fsia oka videshee deshaaniki vyatiraekamgaa vyaktigata charyanu anumatinchadani, vyaktulapai matrame anumatistundani disi circuit kortu teerpu ichindi. eee nirnayam itara circuit kortula dwara filter cheyabadindi, idhi 2008 ndalo ugravaadaaniki sambandhinchina minahaayimpulanu gananeeyamgaa savarinchadaaniki kaangresnu prerepinchindi, idhi videshee deshaalapai vyaktigata charyapai daavaa vaeyadaaniki pratyaekamgaa anumatinchindi, aaa samayamlo pendinglo unna itara chattaparamaina kesulaku dheenini purvagaamigaa vartimpajesindi.
2008loe, soudhi nayakulu parokshamgaa all-khaidaaku nidhulu samakuurchaarani aaropinchina september 11 daadula baadhitulu, kutumbaalu daakhalu chesina daavaanu nivaarinchadaaniki soudhi arabia fsinu aahvaaninchindi. 2016loe congress pratispandistuu, ugravaada spaansarla chattam (justa) kuu vyatiraekamgaa adhyakshudu obama icchina veetonu adhigaminchi, eff. ess. ii. yea. nii savarinchi, soudhi arabiacu vyatiraekamgaa kutumbaala daavaanu uslo konasaaginchadaaniki anumatinchindi.ess. kortulu.
zaan vii. doow vii. holey sea, "557 eff. 3dii 1066 (9va cr. 2009), holey sea vividha yuu loe pillala durviniyoga sanghatanalaku sambandhinchina daavaalo effsianu aahvaaninchindi.ess. charchilu. teerpu chivariki rashtra roganirodhaka saktipai aadhaarapadaledu.
republic off argentine v. nml capital, limited.", supreenkortu juun 16,2014naa, diguva nyayasthaanam teerpupai argentine chesina appeelku vyatiraekamgaa teerpu ichindi, argentine prabhutvam 2005 mariyu 2010loe aaa dhesha prabhutvam 2001loe thana runampai egavetaku paalpadina taruvaata nirvahinchina videshee runa punarnirmaanamlo charchinchina taggina chellimpulanu angeekarinchadaaniki niraakarinchina baand holderlaku puurtigaa chellinchadaaniki thana oppanda baadhyatanu samardhinchukovali. taruvaata adhe roeju, yuu.ess. supreenkortu, 7-1 teerpulo (associate justice sonia sotomayor alaa cheyadaaniki kaaranam cheppakunda rendu kesula nundi tananu taanu upasamharinchukundi), aaa aastulanu gurtinchadaaniki byaankulaku sammanlu jaarii cheyadam dwara united states mariyu videshaalalo argentine aastula gurinchi samacharam pondadaaniki aaa baand holderlaku anumati ichindi.
republic off sudan vii. haarisan, "supreenkortu marchi 2019loe sivil prakriya (kortu samanlu mariyu sivil firyadulu) nuu parishkarinchi, neerugaa videshee rashtra videsanga mantriki andinchaalani fsia korutundani, mariyu americaloni rayabara kaaryaalayaaniki pampinhee saripodani teerpu ichindi.
opiti vii. republic off sudan," 1998 united states rayabara karyalaya bambu paelullaku sambandhinchina kesulo, fsia amaluku mundu pravartana nundi charya teesukunnanduku sikshaatmaka nashtalanu fsia anumatinchindi anie supreenkortu 2020 maeloe ekagreevamgaa teerpu ichindi.
germany vii. phillip, "naajii party teesukunna ledhaa balavantamgaa vikrayinchina aastulaku pariharam kosam germanypai daavaa vaeyadaaniki holocast mariyu naajii germany baadhitula praanaalatoe bayatapadina ledhaa vaarasulanu anumatinchadani 2021loe supreenkortu teerpu ichindi.
pratipaadita savaranalu.
marchi 25,2014naa, yuu.ess. pratinidhi steve chabot videshee saamskrutika marakam adhikara paridhi roganirodhaka shakti vivarana chattam (hetch.aarr. 4292; 113va congress) united states pratinidhula sabhaloki pravesinchindi. house republicanlu andinchina saasana digest prakaram, eee billu "videshee saarvabhouma roganirodhaka shakti chattam (fsia) nuu meeku sulabhataram cheyadaaniki swalpamgaa savaristundi.ess. kalalu mariyu itara saamskrutikamgaa mukhyamaina vastuvulanu vidaesaala nundi sweekarinchadaaniki saamskrutika mariyu vidya samsthalu ". ayithe, eee billu chesina maarpulu "1933 janavari 30 mariyu 1945 mae 8 madhya naajii germany antarjaateeya chattanni ullanghinchi teesukunna kala ledhaa vastuvulaku" etuvanti minahaayimpunu andinchavu. congress budget karyalayam nivedinchindi, "prastuta chattam prakaram, videshee prabhutvaalu runam teesukunna kalaakrutulu saadhaaranamgaa samakhya nyaayasthaanaalu teesukune konni nirnayaalaku nirodhakata kaligi untaayi mariyu rachanala pradarsana jaateeya prayojanamlo undani adhyakshudu ledhaa adhyakshudi niyamitudu nirnayiste vaatini japthu cheyalemu. ayithe, videshee prabhutvaalu nimagnamaina vaanijya kaaryakalaapaalaku samakhya nyaayasthaanaalalo minahaayimpu ledhu. hetch.aarr. taatkaalika pradarsana kosam united states loki kalaakrutulanu digumati chesukovadam vaanijya karyakalapam kaadani, anduvalla atuvanti rachanalu swaadheenam nundi vimukti pondutaayani 4292 spashtam chestundi. eee billupai 2014 mae 6naa nibandhanalanu nilipivestuu ootu veyalsi undhi. 2016 mae nelaloo senate ugravaada spaansarla chattaniki vyatiraekamgaa nyayam anae billunu aamodinchindi, idhi kooda kontakaalam tarvaata sabha aamodinchindi. obama 2016 septembarulo billunu raddu chesaaru, conny senate 97-1 otulo veetoni adhigaminchindi. eee billu chattamgaa maaradamtho, idhi videshee saarvabhouma minahaayimpula chattanni savarinchindi, idhi 9/11 kutumbaalu "meepai ugravaada daadula" spanserlapy daavaa vaeyadaaniki veelu kalpistundi.ess. , anie chhairman gudlatte override ootu gurinchi chepparu.

