
port (circuit siddhaantam)

vidyut circuit siddhaantamlo, port anedi vidyut network ledhaa circuitnu bahya circuitku anusandhaaninche oka jatha terminals, idhi vidyut shakti kosam pravesha ledhaa nishkramana binduvugaa untundi. oka port bayati circuitku anusandhaaninchabadina rendu nodlanu (terminals) kaligi untundi, idhi "port condition" kuu anugunamgaa untundi-rendu nodlaloki pravahinche currents samanamga mariyu vyatiraekamgaa undaali.
portula vadakam circuit vislaeshanha yokka sanklishtatanu tagginchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi. transisterlu, transformerlu, electronic filterlu mariyu amplifierlu vanti aneka saadhaarana electronic parikaraalu mariyu circuit blaaklu portula paramgaa vislaeshimchabadataayi. multiport network vislaeshanhaloo, circuit daani portula dwara bayati prapanchaaniki anusandhaaninchabadina "block baaks" gaa pariganinchabadutundi. portulu antey input signals vartimpajese ledhaa avtput signals teesukune paayintlu. daani pravartana daani portula vadda voltage mariyu current kii sambandhinchina paaraamitula maatruka dwara puurtigaa perkonabadutundi, kabatti vartimpajesina sankethaalaku circuit yokka pratispandananu nirnayinchadamlo circuit yokka antargata alankarana ledhaa roopakalpananu parigananaloki teesukovalasina avasaram ledhu ledhaa telusukovalasina avasaram kooda ledhu.
portula bhavananu taranga maargadarsakaalaku vistarinchavacchu, conny current paramgaa nirvachanam taginadi kaadu mariyu bahula taranga maargadarsaka reetula unikini lekkinchaali.
port paristhiti.
bahya circuitku anusandhanam cheyadaaniki andubaatulo unna circuit yokka edainaa nodnu pole (ledhaa bhouthika vastuvu ayithe terminal) antaaru. port paristhiti emitante, circuit velupala nundi oka pole loki pravahinche current, itara pole nundi bahya sarkyootloki pravahinche current kii samanamga unte matrame circuit yokka oka jatha pole lanu port gaa pariganistaaru. samanamga, bahya circuit nundi rendu dhruvaalaloki pravahinche pravaahaala beejaganita mottam sunna ayi undaali.
circuit yokka antargata lakshanaalanu vislaeshimchadam dwara oka jatha nodes port paristhitiki anugunamgaa unnayo ledho nirnayinchalemu. port paristhiti puurtigaa circuit yokka bahya connectionlapy aadharapadi untundi. oka bahya paristhitulalo portulu antey marokati kinda portulu kakapovachhu. udaaharanaku chitramlo naalugu resisterla circuitnu pariganinchandi. generatorlu pole jatalaku (1,2) mariyu (3,4) anusandhaaninchabadi unte, aaa rendu jatala portlu mariyu circuit baaks attenuator. marovaipu, generatorlanu pole jatalaku (1,4) mariyu (2,3) anusandhaaninchinatlayite, aaa jatalaku portlu, jatalaku (1,2) mariyu (3,4) ikapai portulu kaavu, mariyu circuit oka bridge circuit.
noo" jatha poles port paristhitiki anugunamgaa undela inputlanu erpaatu cheyadam kooda saadhyame. ayithe, okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva dhruvalanu oke nodto anusandhaaninchabadina aneka ververu dhruvaluga vibhajinchadam dwara atuvanti circuitnu edurkovadam saadhyamavutundi. prati pole kii oka bahya generator terminal matrame anusandhaaninchabadi unte (split pole ayina ledhaa maredainaa) appudu circuit nuu portula paramgaa mallee vislaeshimchavachchu. eee rakamaina atyanta saadhaarana amarika emitante, "n"-pole circuit yokka oka polnu kamanga paerkoni, daanini "n"-1 poollugaa vibhajinchadam. eee taruvaati roopam asamatulya circuit topologylaku pratyaekamgaa upayogapadutundi mariyu phalitamgaa vachhe circuitlo "n" −1 portlu untaayi.
atyanta saadhaarana sandarbhamlo, prati jatha dhruvalaku anusandhaaninchabadina generator kaligi undatam saadhyamavutundi, antey, "n" c2 generatorlu, appudu prati dhruvanni "n" −1 dhruvaluga vibhajinchaali. udaaharanaku, chitram udaaharana (sii) loe, 2 mariyu 4 dhruvalu okkokkati rendu dhruvaluga vibhajinchabadithe, appudu circuitnu 3-portga varninchavachhu. ayithe, generatorlanu pole jatalaku anusandhaaninchadam, mariyu mottam generatorlanu tayaaru cheyadam kooda saadhyame, mariyu circuitnu 6-portugaa pariganinchaali.
oka portu.
kirchaff yokka prastuta chattam kaaranamgaa edainaa rendu-dhruva circuit port paristhitini cherukuntundani haamii ivvabadutundi mariyu anduvalla avi besharatugaa oka-portlu. anni praathamika vidyut muulakaalu (prerana, nirodhakata, capacitance, voltage muulam, current muulam) oka-portlu, alaage saadhaarana impedence.
network samslaeshanha punaadiloo, mukhyamgaa vadapotha roopakalpanalo, oka-portula adhyayanam oka mukhyamaina bhaagam. rendu-muulakaala oka-portulu (antey arsi, rl mariyu elsi circuitlu) saadhaarana kesu kante samslaeshanha cheyadam sulabham. rendu-muulakaala kosam oka-port pempudu jantuvu yokka canonical roopam ledhaa kaur yokka canonical roopaanni upayoginchavacchu. mukhyamgaa, ivi nashtarahitamainavi mariyu saadhaaranamgaa vadapotha roopakalpanalo upayoginchabadataayi kabatti elsi circuitlanu adhyayanam chestaaru.
rendu portulu.
leanier too port netvarklu vistrutamgaa adhyayanam cheyabaddaayi mariyu vaatini suuchimchadaaniki pedda sankhyalo margalu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. eee praatinidhyaalalo okati z-paaraamitulu, veetini maatrika roopamlo vivarinchavacchu;
ikkada "vn" mariyu "in" anevi port "n" vadda varusaga voltagelu mariyu currents. rendu-portula yokka itara vivaranalalo chaalaa varaku adevidhamgaa oke maatrukato varninchavachhu, conny voltage mariyu current kaalam vectorla yokka bhinnamaina amarikatho varninchavachhu.
rendu portulu gala saadhaarana circuit blacklalo amplifierlu, attenuatorlu mariyu filterlu unnaayi.
bahula portulu.
saadhaaranamgaa, oka circuit loe enni portulu ayina undavacchu-oka multiport. rendu-port parameter praatinidhyaalalo konni, conny annee kaadu, ekapaksha multiportlaku vistarinchavacchu. voltage mariyu current aadhaarita maatrikalalo, vistarinchagalavi z-paaraamitulu mariyu y-paaraamitulu. voltagelu mariyu currents kandaktarlanu upayoginchi formatlalo kolavadaniki soukaryavantamgaa undavu mariyu taranga margadarshi formatlalo assalu sambandhitamgaa undavu kabatti microwave frequenciela vadda upayoginchadaaniki ivi rendoo anukuulamgaa undavu. badulugaa, eee pounahpunyaala vadda s-paaraamitulu upayoginchabadataayi mariyu veetini kooda ekapaksha sankhyalo portulaku vistarinchavacchu.
rendu kante ekkuva portulanu kaligi unna circuit blacklalo directional kaplarlu, power splitterlu, circulatorlu, diaplexerlu, duplexerlu, multiplexerlu, hybridlu mariyu directional filterlu unnaayi.
rf mariyu microwave.
rf mariyu microwave circuit topologylu saadhaaranamgaa ekakshaka ledhaa microstrip vanti asamatulya circuit topologylu. eee aakrutulalo, sarkyuutlooni prati port yokka oka pole ground plain vanti saadhaarana nodku anusandhaaninchabadi untundi. circuit vislaeshanhaloo eee ummadi dhruvalanni oke potential vadda unnayani mariyu aaa current edainaa port yokka itara dhruvamloki vellae daaniki samanamga mariyu vyatiraekamgaa unna ground plaenlooki muulam ledhaa munigipotundani bhaavinchabadutundi. eee sthalavignaana saastramlo oka naukaasrayam kevalam oka stambhamgaa pariganinchabadutundi. sambandhita santulanam stambham naela samatalamlo cherchabadindani oohinchabadindi.
gananeeyamaina ground plain loop pravahalu unte port yokka oka-pole praatinidhyam viphalamavutundi. namuunaalooni ooha emitante, ground plain sampuurnamgaa nadustondi mariyu ground plaenlooni rendu sthaanaala madhya sambhaavya vyatyaasam ledhu. vaastavaaniki, ground plain sampuurnamgaa conduct kavadam ledhu mariyu daanilooni loop currents sambhaavya vyatyaasaalanu kaligistaayi. rendu portula ummadi dhruwala madhya sambhaavya vyatyaasam unte, appudu port paristhiti vichchinnamavutundi mariyu modal chelladu.
taranga margadarshi.
portula aalochananu taranga margadarshi parikaraalaku vistarinchavacchu (mariyu undhi), conny taranga maargadarsini loe vidyudayaskaanta taramgaalu vidyut vahakalu dwara maarganirdesam cheyabadavu kabatti circuit dhruwala paramgaa portnu ikapai nirvachinchalemu. vaaru, badulugaa taranga margadarshi godala dwara maarganirdesam cheyabadataru. anduvalla, circuit conductor pole anae bhavana eee aakrutilo ledhu. taranga maargadarsiniloni portulu taranga maargadarsini loe oka eparcharu ledhaa break kaligi untaayi, dheeni gundaa vidyudayaskaanta taramgaalu vellagalavu. tarangam vellae sarihaddu vimanam port yokka nirvachanam.
port vislaeshanhaloo taranga maargadarsakaalu adanapu sanklishtatanu kaligi untaayi, endukante oke samayamlo okati kante ekkuva taranga maargadarsaka mode undatam saadhyamavutundi (mariyu konnisaarlu kaavaalsinadi). atuvanti sandarbhaallo, prati bhouthika portuku, aaa bhouthika portulo unna prati modku vislaeshanha namuunaaku pratyeka portunu jodinchaali.
itara shakti rangaalu.
naukaasrayaala bhavananu itara shakti rangaalaku vistarinchavacchu. port yokka saadhaaraneekarinchina nirvachanam emitante, oka moolakam ledhaa upavyavastha nundi maroka moolakam ledhaa upavyavasthaku shakti pravahinche pradaesam. port bhavana yokka eee saadhaaraneekarinchina veekshanha vidyut vislaeshanhaloo port paristhiti enduku nirvachinchabadindo vivarinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi. udaaharana rekhaachitram (sii) vanti pravaahaala beejaganita mottam sunna kakapothe, appudu bahya generator nundi pampinhee cheyabadina shakti circuit dhruwala jataloki pravesinche saktiki samanam kaadu. anduvalla aaa pradaesamloe shakti badilee anedi oka upavyavastha nundi maroka upavyavasthaku saadhaarana pravaham kante chaalaa sanklishtamgaa untundi mariyu port yokka saadhaaraneekarinchina nirvachanaaniki anugunamgaa undadu.
oke vyavasthalo bahula shakti domainlu unna chota port bhavana pratyaekamgaa upayogapadutundi mariyu yaantrika-vidyut saaruupyatalu ledhaa baand graph vislaeshanha vanti ekikruta, pondikaina vislaeshanha avasaram. shakti domainla madhya anusandhanam transducerla dwara jarugutundi. vidyut domine chuusinatlugaa transducer oka-port kaavacchu, conny "port" yokka marinta saadhaaraneekarinchina nirvachanamtho idhi rendu-port. udaaharanaku, oka yaantrika acuator vidyut domainlo oka port mariyu yaantrika domainlo oka port kaligi untundi. vidyut rendu-portula maadirigaane transducerlanu rendu-portula netvarklagaa vislaeshimchavachchu. antey, oka jatha leanier beejaganita sameekaranaalu ledhaa 2x2 badilee function matricks dwara. ayithe, rendu portula vadda variables bhinnamgaa untaayi mariyu rendu-portu paaraamitulu rendu energy domainla mishramamgaa untaayi. udaaharanaku, acuator udaaharanalo, z-paaraamitulalo oka vidyut impedence, oka yaantrika impedence mariyu oka vidyut mariyu oka yaantrika chararashi nishpattulu ayina rendu transympedencelu untaayi.

