
software naanhyata

software injaneering sandarbhamlo, software naanhyata anedi rendu sambandhita conny vibhina bhaavanalanu suchistundihi
nirmaanaatmaka naanhyata yokka aneka amsaalanu software lopali nirmaanam, daani soars code (software kolamanalu chudandi), unit sthaayilo mariyu system sthaayilo (konnisaarlu end-tuu-end testing anie pilustaaru) vislaeshanha dwara matrame sthiramgaa anchanaa veyavachu, idhi prabhavam chooputundi daani nirmaanam object management group (oenjee) dwara amsampai oka kaagitamlo vivarinchina software nirmaanam yokka dhwani suutraalaku elaa kattubadi untundi.
ayithe, viniyogam vanti konni nirmaanaatmaka lakshanaalanu dynamicga matrame anchanaa veyavachu (viniyogadaarulu ledhaa vaari tarapuna panichese itarulu softwaretho sankarshana chendutaaru ledhaa, kaneesam, kontha namuunaa ledhaa pakshika amalu; cardboardlo tayaaru chesina maak versiontho sankarshana kooda dynamic pareekshanu suuchistumdi endukante atuvanti samskarananu prototypega pariganinchavacchu). viswasaneeyata vanti itara amsaalu, softwarenu matrame kakunda antarleena hardwarenu kooda kaligi undavacchu, anduvalla, dheenini sthiramgaa mariyu dynamicga (ottidi pareeksha) anchanaa veyavachu.
kriyaatmaka naanhyata saadhaaranamgaa dynamicga anchanaa veyabadutundi, ayithe static pareekshalanu (software sameekshalu vantivi) upayoginchadam kooda saadhyame.
chaaritraatmakamgaa, software naanhyata nirvahanaku vartinche lakshanaalu mariyu kolamanala nirmaanam, vargeekarana mariyu paribhasha ISO 9126 mariyu tadupari ISO/iec 2500 praamaanikam nundi udbhavinchaayi ledhaa sekarinchabaddaayi. eee namuunaala aadhaaramgaa (namuunaalanu chudandi), software naanhyata (sisik) kosam consortium vyapara viluvanu andinchadaaniki software bhaagaaniki avasaramaina aidu pradhana kavalsina nirmaana lakshanaalanu nirvachinchindih viswasaneeyata, saamarthyam, bhadrata, nirvahana mariyu (taginanta) parimaanam.
software naanhyata kolata eee aidu koonaalaloo pratidaaniloo software programme ledhaa system raetlu enthavaraku unnayo lekkistundi. software naanhyata yokka samagra kolatanu gunaatmaka ledhaa parimaanaatmaka scoring pathakam ledhaa rendinti misramam dwara lekkinchavacchu, aapai praadhaanyatalanu pratibimbimchae weiting system. software naanhyatanu sarala konasagimpulo unchadam gurinchi eee drukpatham "klishtamaina prograaming lopaala" vislaeshanha dwara anubandhinchabadutundi, idhi nirdishta paristhitulalo vipattu antaraayaalu ledhaa paniteeru ksheenatalaku daariteestundi, idhi samagra kolatala aadhaaramgaa ratingtho sambandham lekunda icchina vyavasthanu upayoginchadaaniki saripodu. vyavastha sthaayilo kanipinche ituvanti prograaming lopaalu utpatti samasyalalo 90 saatam varaku praatinidhyam vahistaayi, ayithe unit sthaayilo, chaalaa ekkuva unnappatikee, prograaming lopaalu utpatti samasyalalo 10 saatam kante takkuvaku kaaranamavutaayi (tombhai tombhai niyamam kooda chudandi). paryavasanamga, mottam vyavastha yokka sandarbham lekunda code naanhyata, doubleu. edward deming dheenini vivarinchaadu, parimita viluvanu kaligi undhi.
software naanhyata kolatalu, bhavanalu mariyu samachara visualization yokka paddhatulanu chudatam, anveshinchadam, vislaeshimchadam mariyu communicate cheyadam drushya, paraspara maargaalanu andistundi, mukhyamgaa, aneka software naanhyata charyalu okadaanikokati ledhaa software ledhaa system yokka bhagalaku sambandhinchinavi ayithe. udaaharanaku, software maplu "software abhivruddhi, software naanhyata mariyu system dynamics gurinchi samacharanni vyakteekarinchagala mariyu militam cheyagala" pratyeka vidhananni suuchistaayi.
software project vidudala dasalo software naanhyata kooda paatra poeshistumdi. pratyekinchi, vidudala prakriyala naanhyata mariyu sthaapana (pyaach prakriyalu kooda), aakruteekarana nirvahana mottam software injaneering prakriyaloo mukhyamaina bhagalu.
prerana.
software naanhyata kaneesam rendu pradhana drukpathaala dwara prerepinchabadutundih
nirvachanalu.
iso.
software naanhyata anedi "avasaralaku anugunamgaa software utpatti yokka saamarthyam."itarulaku idhi viniyogadaarulaku ledhaa viluva-srushtiki ledhaa lopam sthaayiki kooda paryaayapadamgaa undavacchu.
ask.
eah. ess. kyuu. eee krindi nirvachananni upayogistundih "software naanhyata" software utpattula yokka kavalsina lakshanaalanu vivaristundi. rendu pradhana vidhanalu unnaih lopam nirvahana mariyu naanhyata lakshanaalu.
nust.
software haamii (sa) anedi aastini mariyu daanini saadhinche prakriya rendintinee kaligi untundih
pmi.
project management institute yokka pmbok guide "software extension" "software naanhyata" nuu kakunda, software naanhyata haamii (ess. keey. eah) nii "itara software prakriyalanu audit chese nirantara prakriyagaa nirvachistundi, aaa prakriyalu anusarinchabadutunnaayani nirdhaarinchadaaniki (udaaharanaku software naanhyata nirvahana pranaalikanu kaligi untundi)."ayithe software naanhyata niyantrana (ess. sii. kyu) antey" "abhivruddhi ledhaa savaranalo unna software kosam naanhyata avasaraala kosam pani utpattulanu santrupti parachadaniki paddhatulu, sadhanalu, paddhatulanu vartimpajeyadam".""
itara saadhaarana mariyu chaaritraka.
naanhyamaina charitra yokka modati nirvachanam 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo shewart nundi gurthunchukundih "naanhyataku rendu saadhaarana amsaalu unnaih vaatilo okati oka vastuvu yokka naanhyatanu manishi unikiki swatantramaina vastunishtha vaastavikatagaa pariganinchadam. marokati vastunishtha vaastavikata phalitamgaa manam emanukuntunnam, anubhooti chendutunnamu ledhaa grahistunnamu anae daanitoe sambandham kaligi untundi. maroe maatalo cheppalante, naanhyataku oka aatmaasraya vaipu undhi."
kitchenham mariyu pleager, david garvin bodhanalanu marinta nivedistuu, naanhyatapai aidu ververu drukpathaalanu gurtistaaruh
tomm demarco "oka utpatti yokka naanhyata anedi adhi prapanchaanni entha merugga maarustundane daani yokka vidhi" anie pratipaadinchaaru."software naanhyatanu nirnayinchadamlo nirmaanaatmaka naanhyata kante kriyaatmaka naanhyata mariyu viniyogadaaru santrupti chaalaa mukhyamainavi anie dheeni ardham.
naanhyata software nirvahanalo gerald weinberg roopondinchina maroka nirvachanam vyavasthala aalochana, "naanhyata anedi oka vyaktiki viluva."eee nirvachanam naanhyata anedi antargatamgaa aatmaasrayamainadani nokki chebutundi-ververu vyaktulu oke software yokka naanhyatanu bhinnamgaa anubhavistaaru. eee nirvachanam yokka oka balam emitante, idhi software brundaalanu pariganinchamani aahvaaninche prasnalu, "mana softwarenu manam viluvainadigaa bhaavinche vyaktulu evaru?"mariyu" vaariki edhi viluvainadi?"anie paerkonnaaru.
itara ardhaalu mariyu vivaadaalu.
naanhyatanu nirvachinchadamlo unna savaallalo okati emitante, "prati okkaroo daanini ardham chesukunnarani bhaavistaaru" mariyu software naanhyata yokka itara nirvachanalu vyaparamlo upayoginche naanhyata bhavana yokka vividha vivaranalanu vistarinchadampai aadharapadi undavacchu.
software naanhyata kooda tarachugaa naanhyata haamii ledhaa samasya parishkara nirvahana ledhaa naanhyata niyantrana ledhaa devoplatho kalisipotundi. idhi mundu perkonna praantaalatoo atigaa untundi (pmi nirvachanaalanu kooda chudandi), conny idhi pareekshapai matrame kakunda prakriyalu, nirvahana, merugudalalu, madimpu modalaina vaatipai kooda drushti saarinchinanduna vilakshanamainadi.
kolata.
eee vibhaagamlo samarpinchina bhavanalu nirmaanaatmaka mariyu kriyaatmaka software naanhyata rendintikee vartinchinappatikii, taruvaati kolata tappanisarigaa pareeksha dwara nirvahinchabadutundi [pradhana vyaasam chudandi software pareeksha]. ayithe, pareeksha saripodu oka adhyayanam prakaram, vyaktigata prograamarlu tama sonta softwarelo doshaalanu kanugonadamlo 50 saatam kante takkuva samarthavantamgaa untaaru. mariyu chaalaa rakaala pareekshalu 35 saatam matrame samarthavantamgaa untaayi. idhi [software] naanhyatanu nirnayinchadam kashtataram chestundi.
parichayam.
software naanhyata kolata anedi oka vyavastha ledhaa software enthavaraku kavalsina lakshanaalanu kaligi undho lekkinchadam. dheenini gunaatmaka ledhaa parimaanaatmaka maargaala dwara ledhaa rendinti misramam dwara cheyavachu. rendu sandarbhaallo, prati kavalsina lakshanaaniki, kolavagala lakshanaala samiti untundi, dheeni uniki software ledhaa vyavasthalo paraspara sambandham kaligi untundi mariyu eee lakshanamtho anubandhinchabadutundi. udaaharanaku, portabilityki sambandhinchina oka lakshanam oka prograamlooni lakshya-aadhaarita prakatanala sankhya. marinta khachitamgaa, naanhyata function vistarana vidhananni upayoginchi, eee kolavagala lakshanaalu paie software naanhyata nirvachanamlo "vaat" nii praarambhinchadaaniki amalu cheyavalasina "house".
software naanhyata nirvahanaku vartinche lakshanaalu mariyu kolamanala nirmaanam, vargeekarana mariyu paribhasha ISO 9126-3 mariyu tadupari ISO/iec 25000:2005 naanhyata namuunaa nundi teesukobaddaayi ledhaa sekarinchabaddaayi. antargata nirmaana naanhyatapai pradhana drushti untundi. vyapara anuvartana nirmaanam mariyu dayta access mariyu manipulation ledhaa lavadevila bhavana vanti saanketika lakshanaalu vanti nirdishta rangaalanu nirvahinchadaaniki upa vargaalu srushtinchabaddaayi.
software naanhyata lakshanaalu mariyu vaati kolavagala lakshanaala madhya aadharapadatam kudivaipuna unna rekhaachitramlo suuchimchabadutumdi, ikkada viniyogadaaru (kudi) ledhaa vyapara vyavastha yajamaniki mukhyamaina 5 lakshanaalalo prati okkati kolavagala lakshanaalapai (edama) aadharapadi untundih
prograaming lopaalu mariyu utpatti lopaala madhya sahasambandhaalu soars kodloni mottam lopaalalo 92 saatam praathamika code lopaalu anie velladistaayi. eee aneka code-sthaayi samasyalu chivariki utpattilo lopaalalo 10 saatam matrame lekkinchabadataayi. nirmaana sthaayilalo chedu software injaneering paddhatulu mottam lopaalalo kevalam 8 saatam matrame, conny samasyalanu parishkarinchadaaniki kharchu chesina prayatnamlo sagaaniki paiga viniyogistaayi mariyu utpattilo 90 saatam teevramaina viswasaneeyata, bhadrata mariyu saamarthya samasyalaku daariteestaayi.
code aadhaarita vislaeshanha.
ippatike unna aneka software charyalu atuvanti vyaktigata suuchanala tokenla niyantrana nirmaanaalu (sanklishtata) mariyu vastuvula kosam soars kodnu pars cheyadam valla vachhe application yokka nirmaana amsaalanu lekkistaayi.
software naanhyata kolata anedi eee kolatalato paatu system ledhaa software raetlu enthavaraku unnayo lekkinchadam. vislaeshanhanu gunaatmaka ledhaa parimaanaatmaka vidhananni upayoginchi ledhaa rendinti misramaanni upayoginchi samagra veekshanhanu andinchadaaniki nirvahinchavacchu [udaaharanaku koliche kaarakaala madhya saapeksha praamukhyatanu pratibimbimchae baruvutho kuudina sagatu (lanu) upayoginchi].
sarala konasaagimpupai software naanhyata yokka eee drukpathaaniki vivikta klishtamaina prograaming lopaalanu gurtinchadam dwara anubandhinchaali. eee durbalatvaalu pareeksha vishayamlo viphalamavakapovacchu, conny avi nirdishta paristhitulalo vipattu antaraayaalu, paniteeru ksheenatalu, bhadrata ullanghanalu, paadaina dayta mariyu aneka itara samasyalaku daariteese chedu paddhatula phalitamgaa untaayi, ivi icchina vyavasthanu daani samagra kolatala aadhaaramgaa daani ratingtho sambandham lekunda upayoginchadaaniki vaastavamgaa saripovu. durbalatvaaniki oka prasiddha udaaharana saadhaarana balaheenata ganana, idhi bhadrata ullanghanalaku guraina anuvartanaalanu chese soars kodloni durbalatwala bhandagaram.
critical application lakshanaala kolatalo application yokka nirmaanam, coding mariyu inn-line documentation yokka nirmaana lakshanaalanu koliche kolata untundi, idhi paie chitramlo pradarsinchabadindi. anduvalla, prati lakshanam anuvartanamloni nairoopya aneka sthaayilalooni lakshanaala dwara prabhaavitamavutundi mariyu vyapaaraanni prabhaavitam chese naanhyamaina phalitaala yokka viluvaina predictor kavalante, lakshanaala kolatanu lekkinchadam annintinee chaerchaali. paie chitramlo pradarsinchabadina lakshana kolatalanu lekkinchadaaniki poralu gala vidhananni modata boem mariyu athani sahacharulu tru (boem, 1978) vadda pratipaadinchaaru mariyu idhi iso 9126 mariyu 25000 shreni pramaanaalalo teesukunna vidhanam. application soars code yokka static vislaeshanha yokka pars chesina phalitaala nundi eee lakshanaalanu kolavavacchu. viswasaneeyata mariyu paniteeru saamarthyam vanti anuvartanaala dynamic lakshanaalu kooda anuvartanam yokka sthira nirmaanamloo vaati kaarana muulaalanu kaligi untaayi.
vyavastha yokka sambhaavita mariyu taarkika nirmaanaanni nirvachinche suutraalu mariyu pramaanaalaku sambandhinchi soars code, nirmaanam, software framework, database schema vislaeshanha dwara nirmaana naanhyata vislaeshanha mariyu kolata nirvahinchabadutundi. idhi saadhaaranamgaa amalu parigananalaku sambandhinchina mariyu debugging mariyu pariksha karyakalapala samayamlo keelakamaina abhivruddhi saadhanaala dwara nirvahinchabade praathamika, sthaanika, bhaaga-sthaayi code vislaeshanhaku bhinnamgaa untundi.
viswasaneeyata.
paelavamaina viswasaneeyataku muula kaaranaalu manchi nirmaana mariyu coding paddhatulaku anugunamgaa lekapovadam kalayikalo kanipistaayi. oka application yokka sthiramaina naanhyata lakshanaalanu kolavadam dwara eee paatinchakapovadam gurtinchavacchu. oka application yokka viswasaneeyataku antarleenamgaa unna sthiramaina lakshanaalanu anchanaa veyadam anedi vyapara pramaada sthaayini mariyu application amalulo unnappudu sambhaavya application vaiphalyaalu mariyu lopaala sambhaavyatanu anchanaa vestundi.
viswasaneeyatanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki kaneesam eee krindi software injaneering uttama paddhatulu mariyu saanketika lakshanaala tanikheelu avasaramh
anuvartana nirmaanam mariyu upayoginchina moodava party bhaagaalanu (bahya grandhaalayaalu ledhaa frameworklu vantivi) batti, pampinhee cheyabadina software yokka viswasaneeyatapai merugaina anchanaanu nirdhaarinchadaaniki uttama paddhatula paina perkonna jabita dwara geesina panktula venta anukuula tanikheelu nirvachinchabadaali.
samarthatha.
viswasaneeyata maadirigaane, paniteeru asamarthataku kaaranaalu tarachugaa manchi nirmaana mariyu coding abhyasam yokka ullanghanalalo kanipistaayi, veetini oka application yokka sthiramaina naanhyata lakshanaalanu kolavadam dwara gurtinchavacchu. eee sthiramaina lakshanaalu sambhaavya kaaryaacharana paniteeru addamkulu mariyu bhavishyat scalability samasyalanu anchanaa vestaayi, mukhyamgaa sanklishta algorithamlu ledhaa bhaarii parimaanamlo daetaanu nirvahinchadaaniki adhika amalu vegam avasaramayye anuvartanaalaku.
paniteeru saamarthyaanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki kaneesam eee krindi software injaneering uttama paddhatulu mariyu saanketika lakshanaalanu tanikhi cheyadam avasaramh
bhadrata.
software naanhyathalo software bhadrata untundi. paelavamaina coding mariyu SQL injection ledhaa cross-sait scripting vanti nirmaana paddhatula valla aneka bhadrata durbalatvaalu erpadataayi. ivi sii. vii. ii. mariyu carnegie mellan vishwavidhyaalayamloni sea/computer emergency center (surt) nirvahinche jaabitaalalo baga namodu cheyabaddaayi.
bhadratanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki kaneesam eee krindi software injaneering uttama paddhatulu mariyu saanketika lakshanaalanu tanikhi cheyali
nirvahana saamarthyam.
nirvahanalo modularity, avagahana, maarpu, pareekshinchadaginadi, punarviniyogaparachadaginadi mariyu oka abhivruddhi brundam nundi marokadaaniki badilee cheyagala bhavanalu untaayi. ivi code sthaayilo klishtamaina samasyala roopaanni teesukovu. badulugaa, paelavamaina nirvahana anedi saadhaaranamgaa documentation, sanklishtata egavetha vyuuham mariyu praathamika prograaming paddhatulalo uttama paddhathulatho vaelaadi chinna ullanghanala phalitamgaa untundi, ivi parisubhramaina mariyu sulabhamgaa chadavagalige code verses code madhya vyatyaasaanni chuuputaayi. asanghatita mariyu chadavadaaniki kashtamaina code.
nirvahana saamarthyaanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki eee krindi software injaneering uttama paddhatulu mariyu saanketika lakshanaalanu tanikhi cheyadam avasaramh
nirvahana saamarthyam anedi ward cunningham yokka saanketika runam yokka bhaavanatho daggari sambandham kaligi undhi, idhi nirvahana lekapovadam valla vachhe kharchula vyakteekarana. nirvahana saamarthyam takkuvagaa undataaniki gala kaaranaalanu nirlakshyamgaa verses nirlakshyamgaa vargeekarinchavachhu. vivekavantamaina mariyu uddeshapoorvakamgaa verses. anukokunda, mariyu tarachugaa developerla asamarthatha, samayam mariyu lakshyaala lekapovadam, vaari ajaagratta mariyu srushti kharchulo vyatyaasaalu mariyu documentation nundi prayojanaalu mariyu mukhyamgaa, nirvahinchadagina soars code loe vaari muulaanni kaligi untaayi.
parimaanam.
software parimaanaanni kolavadaniki database structure scriptlu, dayta manipulation soars code, component headerlu, configuration faillu modalaina vaatitho sahaa mottam soars kodnu sarigga sekarinchaalsina avasaram undhi. kolavavalasina software parimaanaalu rendu rakalu, saanketika parimaanam (padamudra) mariyu kriyaatmaka parimaanamh
function point vislaeshanha parimaana pramaanaaniki antarjaateeya function point viniyogadaarula samuuham (ifepug) maddatu istundi. dheenini software abhivruddhi jeevita chakram praarambhamlo vartimpajeyavachu mariyu idhi kontavaraku sarikani backfiring paddhati vanti code linelapy aadharapadi undadu. eee paddhati saanketika agneyavaada paddhati mariyu samsthalalo mariyu parisramalalo tulanaatmaka vislaeshanha kosam upayoginchavacchu.
function point vislaeshanha praarambhamainappati nundi, aneka vaividhyaalu abhivruddhi chendaayi mariyu cosmic, nesma, yooj cases paayintlu, efpi light, prarambha mariyu sheeghra fps mariyu iteevala katha paayintlu vanti parimaana kolatalanu chaerchadaaniki functional sizing technicla kutumbam vistarinchindi. edemaina, function paayintlaku ganaanka khachitatvam yokka charitra undhi, mariyu aneka application development management (admission) ledhaa avtsourcing engagementlalo pani kolata yokka saadhaarana unitga upayoginchabadindi, idhi sevalu pampinhee cheyabade mariyu paniteerunu koliche "currency" gaa panichestundi.
function point paddatiki oka saadhaarana parimiti emitante, idhi oka manueval prakriya, anduvalla idhi application development ledhaa avtsourcing engagements vanti pedda ettuna karyakramalalo sramatho kuudinadi mariyu khareedainadi kaavacchu. eee paddatini vartimpajeyadamlo eee pratikuula amsam, software parimaanaanni kolavadaniki automate cheyadaaniki ganinchadagina kolamaana pramaanaanni pravesapettadampai drushti saarinchina daani kosam consortiumnu erpaatu cheyadaaniki parisramanu prerepistundi, ayithe ifepug daani karyakalapalalo ekkuva bhaagam eff. pii. counter dhruvapatraalapai aadharapadatam valla manueval vidhananni prothsahistuunae untundi.
vyaya anchanaa, purogati tracking ledhaa itara sambandhita software project nirvahana kaaryakalaapaalaku maddatugaa software parimaanaanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki sisku parimaanaanni nirvachistundi. rendu pramaanaalu upayoginchabadataayih software yokka kriyaatmaka parimaanaanni kolavadaniki "automated function paayintlu" mariyu oke kolatalo kriyaatmaka mariyu kriyaatmakam kaani code parimaanaanni kolavadaniki "automated enhancement paayintlu".
klishtamaina prograaming lopaalanu gurtinchadam.
klishtamaina prograaming lopaalu anevi nirdishta nirmaana mariyu/ledhaa coding chedu paddhatulu, ivi atyadhika, takshana ledhaa deerghakaalika, vyapara antaraayam kaliginche pramaadaaniki daariteestaayi.
ivi chaalaa tarachugaa saanketikataku sambandhinchinavi mariyu sandarbham, vyapara lakshyalu mariyu nashtaalapai ekkuvagaa aadharapadi untaayi. kontamandi naamakarana sampradaayaalanu gowravinchaalani bhaavinchavachchu, marikondaru-udaaharanaku ghnaana badileeki aadharaanni siddham chesevaaru-dheenini puurtigaa klishtamainadigaa bhaavistaaru.
klishtamaina prograaming lopaalanu kooda sisku lakshanaala prakaram vargeekarinchavachhu. krinda praathamika udaaharana undih 
kaaryaacharana naanhyata namuunaalu.
squale mariyu kwamoko vanti naanhyamaina namuunaala kosam kotta pratipaadanalu naanhyamaina lakshanaalu mariyu kolata yokka nirvachanam yokka pratyaksha ekikarananu pracharam chestaayi. naanhyamaina lakshanaalanu vibhajinchadam dwara ledhaa adanapu poralanu nirvachinchadam dwara, sanklishtamaina, nairoopya naanhyata lakshanaalu (viswasaneeyata ledhaa nirvahana vantivi) marinta nirvahinchadaginavi mariyu kolavagalaviga maarataayi. aaa naanhyamaina namuunaalu paarisraamika sandarbhaalalo vartimpajeyabaddaayi, conny vistrutamgaa sweekarinchabadaledu.
suuchanalu.
gamanikalu
grandha pattika

