
prasanga sangham

prasanga sangham anedi bhasha vaadakaaniki sambandhinchi bhasha nibandhanalu mariyu anchanaala samitini panchukune vyaktula samuuham. idhi ekkuvagaa saamaajika bhaashaashaastram mariyu maanavasaastra bhaashaashaastramtho mudipadi unna oka bhavana.
prasanga samajam" nuu elaa nirvachinchaalo saahityamlo charchinchabadutundi. prasanga samajam yokka nirvachanalu eee krindi vatiki vividha sthaayilalo praadhaanyatanistaayih
oka vilakshanhamaina prasanga sangham oka chinna pattanam kaavacchu, conny vilium labov vanti saamaajika bhasha saastravettalu pedda metropolitan praantaanni, udaaharanaku newyork nagaranni kooda oke prasanga samudaayamgaa pariganinchavacchani paerkonnaaru.
prarambha nirvachanalu prasanga sanghaalanu oke sthaanika samaajaaniki chendinavaaru kabatti oke bhasha nibandhanalanu panchukoovadaaniki kalisi nivasinche mariyu oke bhasha nibandhanalanu panchukune parimita mariyu sthaanikeekarinchina vyaktula samuhaluga chuudataaniki moggu chupayi. oka samaajamlo sajaateeyamaina nibandhanala samiti undaalani kooda bhaavinchabadindi. vyaktulu saadhaaranamgaa ekakaalamlo mariyu vaari jeevitaallo ververu samayaallo vividha prasanga sanghaalalo paalgontaarani niroopinchina taruvaati scholarship dwara eee anchanaalu savaalu cheyabaddaayi. prati prasanga samajam ververu nibandhanalanu kaligi untundi, avi paakshikamgaa matrame panchukuntaayi. communitylu sthaanikamgaa kakunda dii-localized mariyu aparimitamgaa undavacchu, mariyu avi tarachugaa vibhina prasanga nibandhanalatho vividha upa-communitylanu kaligi untaayi. nirdishta prasanga sanghaalalo sabhyatvaanni soochinchadam dwara saamaajika gurtimpulanu nirminchadaaniki mariyu taarumaaru cheyadaaniki matladevaru bhashanu churukuga upayogistaarane vaastavaanni gurtinchadamtho, sajaateeyamaina prasanga nibandhanalatho kuudina parimita prasanga sangham anae aalochana prasangam samajam aadhaaramgaa oka namuunaa kosam ekkuvagaa vadaliveyabadindi.
oka prasanga sangham kalisi jeevinchadam mariyu sambhaashinchadam dwara bhasha upayogam kosam nirdishta nibandhanalanu panchukoovadaaniki vastundi, anduvalla tarachugaa sambhashinche mariyu konni nibandhanalu mariyu siddhaantaalanu panchukune anni samoohaalalo prasanga sanghaalu udbhavinchavacchu. atuvanti samuuhaalu gramalu, deshaalu, raajakeeya ledhaa vruttiparamaina sanghaalu, ummadi aasaktulu, abhiruchulu ledhaa jeevanasaili unna sanghaalu ledhaa kevalam snehitula samuuhaalu kooda kaavacchu. prasanga sanghaalu nirdishta padajaalam mariyu vyaakarana sampradaayaalu, alaage prasanga sailulu mariyu sailulu, mariyu nirdishta margallo elaa, eppudu matladalane nibandhanalanu kooda panchukovachhu.
nirvachanaala charitra.
bhasha vislaeshanha yokka oka vibhagamga "prasanga samajam" anae bhavananu sweekarinchadam 1960laloe udbhavinchindi.
zaan gumperge.
chaaritraka bhaashaashaastramlo aadhipatya vidhaanamtho maandalika saastravettalu elaa samasyanu teesukunnaro zaan gumperge vivarinchaadu, idhi bhasha sanghaalanu sajaateeyamaina mariyu sthaanikeekarinchina samsthalugaa chusindi, idhi 'maarputho santati' suutram aadhaaramgaa chakkaga chettu rekhaachitraalanu geeyadaaniki mariyu bhaagaswaamya aavishkaranalanu anumatinchindi. maandalika lakshanaalu vyaapti dwara vyaapistaayani, idhi elaa jarigindane daanipai saamaajika karakalu nirnayaatmakamainavani maandalika saastravettalu grahinchaaru. lakshanaalu kendraala nundi taramgaalugaa vyaapistaayani mariyu konni samajalalo tarachugaa aneka pootii rakalu untaayani kooda vaaru grahinchaaru. eee antardrushti bhasha samajam anae bhavananu oke prasangam vaividhyaanni kaligi unna samajamga samasyaatmakamgaa maarchadaaniki, badulugaa vaividhyaanni kaligi undagala nirvachananni vetakadaaniki gamperjnu prerepinchindi. bhasha yokka paraspara amsampai drushti pettadam dwara idhi cheyavachu, endukante prasangamlo paraspara charya anedi vistarinchina bhasha lakshanaalu prayaaninchae maargam. gumperge prasangam yokka sanghaanni nirvachinchaaruh
ikkada gumperge prasanga samaajamlooni rendu mukhyamaina bhaagaalanu gurtistundihi sabhyulu bhaashaashaastra roopaala samitini mariyu saamaajika nibandhanala samitini panchukuntaaru, gumperge oke prasanga samaajamlo bhasha vyavasthalu elaa upayoginchabadatayo vivarinchadaaniki oka typological frameworknu erpaatu cheyadaaniki kooda prayatninchaadu. athanu bhasha paridhi anae bhavananu pravesapettaadu, tadwara samaajamlooni bhasha vyavasthalu enthavaraku bhinnamgaa untaayi, tadwara prasanga sanghaalu bahubhasha, dwibhasha, bahubhasha (saamaajika-pratyaamnaaya stareekaranhatho sahaa) ledhaa sajaateeyamgaa undavacchu-samaajamlo upayoginche vividha bhasha vyavasthala madhya vyatyaasaanni batti. rendavadi compartmentalisation bhavana vividha rakaala vadakam paraspara charyalo vivikta vyavasthalugaa okadaanikokati nundi entha varaku sett cheyabadindo vivarinchindi (udhaa.zii. vividha rakalu nirdishta saamaajika sandarbhaalaku anugunamgaa unde diglassia, ledhaa vividha rakalu samaajamlooni vivikta saamaajika samuuhaalaku anugunamgaa unde bahubhaashaavaadam) ledhaa avi paraspara charyalo alavatuga kalisipotaya (udhaa.zii. code-marpidi, dvibhaashaavaadam, samakaaleekarana bhasha).
nome chomsky.
ayithe, bhaashaashaastra paridhini nome chomsky punarnirvachinchadam dwara gumperge suutreekarana prabhaavavantamgaa kappiveyabadindih
vilium labov.
bhasha samajam yokka maroka prabhaavavantamaina bhavana vilium labov, idhi chomskian nirmaanaatmaka sajaateeyata mariyu gumperge yokka mishramamgaa chudavachu, idhi variable paddhatulanu teliyajese bhaagaswaamya nibandhanalapai drushti pedutundi. labov ilaa vraasaadu
gamperjla maadirigaane, labov suutreekarana oka prasanga samajam bhaagaswaamya bhasha roopaala kante bhaagaswaamya nibandhanala dwara ekkuvagaa nirvachinchabadindani nokki cheppindi. conny chomsky maadirigaane, labov kooda oka prasanga samaajamlo adhikarikamga pratyekinchabadina bhasha vaividhyaalanu sajaateeyamgaa, asthiramgaa mariyu ekareetigaa chushadu. eee namuunaa labov yokka prayojanam kosam baga panichesindi, idhi african american sthaanika aanglaanni aanglam yokka nirmanatmakamga ksheeninchina roopamgaa chudalemani, conny daani swantha pratyeka nirmaanamtho baga nirvachinchabadina bhasha sanketamgaa chudagaladani choopinchadam.
vimarsha.
bahusha vaari gananeeyamaina vivaranaatmaka shakti kaaranamgaa, prasanga samajam gurinchi labov mariyu chomsky yokka avagahana bhaashaashaastramlo vistrutamgaa prabhaavavantamgaa maarindi. conny kramamga aaa namuunaalatoe aneka samasyalu spashtamgaa kanipinchaayi.
modata, chomsky mariyu labov namoonaalalo antarleenamgaa unna sajaateeyata yokka ooha aamodayogyam kaadani marinta spashtamgaa maarindi. african american sthaanika aanglam yokka bhaagaswaamya nibandhanala dwara nirvachinchabadina african american speach community, vividha samuuhaala matladevari madhya away hodha gurinchi saiddhaantika vibhedaalu prajala drushtini aakarshinchinanduna, oka bhramaga choopabadindi.
rendavadi, prasanga samajam anae bhavana pedda ettuna unde samajalu. bhavananu vistarinchadam dwara, gumperge yokka nirvachananni ikapai prerepinchalekapoyaru.
moodavadi, chomsky mariyu labov namuunaalu vyaktigata vaividhyam saadhaaranam anie spashtam chesaayi. idhi bhasha vaividhyam yokka empikanu kooda meruguparustundi, idhi tarachugaa oka nirdishta prasanga sandarbhaaniki empika cheyabadutundi.
aneka vairudhyaala kaaranamgaa "prasanga sanghaalu" anae bhaavanatho eee vimarsala shakti kanipinchindi. kontamandi panditulu eee bhavananu puurtigaa vidichipettaalani, badulugaa dheenini "icchina vyaktula samuuham nimagnamaina sambhaashana karyakalapala utpatti" gaa bhaavinchaalani sifaarsu chesaaru."itarulu samajam yokka" "taatkaalika" "hodaanu" "oka rakamaina saamaajika samuuhamgaa angeekarinchaaru, dheeni prasanga lakshanaalu aasakti kaligivunnayi mariyu pondikaina paddhatiloo vivarinchavacchu".
abhyasa siddhaantam.
pierry bordiu, anthony giddens mariyu michel dii sertue vanti saamaajika aalochanaaparulu abhivruddhi chesina abhyasa siddhaantam, mariyu zeane laav mariyu etiyanne vengar abhivruddhi chesina aacharana yokka samajam yokka bhavananu bhasha saastravettalu vilium hanks mariyu penelope ekert bhasha samajam yokka adhyayanaaniki vartimpajesaaru.
ekert yea saamaajika chararaasulanu (udhaa.zii. taragati, lingam, praantam). badulugaa aame vyaktula samuuhaaniki gananeeyamaina samasyanu choopinche chararaasulanu gurtinchagalige namuunaanu nirminchindi. samajam yokka keelakamaina nirvachinche lakshanaalu kalisi ardham chesukovadaniki kalakramena sthiramgaa untaayi.
bhasha samajam gurinchi hanks yokka bhavana ekert mariyu gamperjla kante bhinnamgaa untundi, idhi bhasha ardham yokka bhaagaswaamya abhyasa utpattilo maargaalanu adhyayanam chestundi. bhasha paddhatulu bhaagaswaamya paddhatula dwara utpatti cheyabadina vaividhyamtho elaa sambandham kaligi unnayo hanks adhyayanam chestaaru.
bhasha vaividhyam.
bhasha vaividhyam mariyu maarpunu vislaeshimchadaaniki vislaeshanha yokka oka vibhaganni nirvachinchadaaniki prasanga samajam anae bhavananu saadhaaranamgaa oka saadhanamgaa upayogistaaru. samuuham yokka jaathi mariyu saamaajika hodha, ummadi aasaktulu mariyu samuuham lopala mariyu daani pedda samajam dwara aasinchina lanchanapraya sthaayi vanti kaarakaala aadhaaramgaa prasanga sanghaala madhya saileekruta lakshanaalu bhinnamgaa untaayi.
ummadi aasaktulu mariyu lanchanapraya sthaayi kooda prasanga sanghaala madhya saileekruta vyatyaasaalaku daariteestaayi. udaaharanaku, paaschaatya samskrutilo, nyaya kaaryaalayamloni udyogulu teanage skateboarderla samuuham kante ekkuva adhikaarika bhashanu upayoginche avakaasam undhi, endukante chaalaa mandhi paaschaatyulu kaumara snehitula anadhikaarika vruttam kante nyaya abhyaasakula nundi ekkuva laanchanapraayatanu mariyu vruttiparamaina naipunyaanni aasistaaru. nirdishta karyakalapala kosam konni vruttulu bhashanu pratyaekamgaa upayoginchadaanni bhaashaashaastramlo register anie pilustaaru; konni vislaeshanhalaloo, register matladevari samuuhaanni upanyaasa sangham anie pilustaaru, ayithe "speach community" anae padabandham matladevaru puttuka ledhaa dattata dwara vaarasatvamgaa pondhe bhasha ledhaa mandalikam yokka rakaala kosam ketayinchabadindi.