
saamii drum

saamii drum anedi uttara airopaloni saamii prajalu upayoginche shamanik utsava drum. saamii utsava drums rendu pradhana vaividhyaalanu kaligi untaayi, rendoo oval aakaaramlo untayih oka baul drum, dheenilo drum head oka burl meeda kattabadi untundi, mariyu oka frame drum, dheenilo drum head oka sannani bent wood ring meeda vistarinchi untundi. drum head raine deer daachu nundi roopondinchabadindi.
saamii shamanismlo, "noidi" oka trans loki pravesinchadaaniki ledhaa bhavishyattu ledhaa itara praantaala nundi samacharanni pondadaaniki drumnu upayoginchaaru. oka chetilo drum pattukuni, maroka chetilo kottaru. noidi" maanasikamgaa kungipoyinappudu, athani "swechhaa aatma" aatma-prapanchaanni sandarsinchadaaniki thana sariiraanni vidichipetti velutundani cheppabadindi. bhavishyavaani kosam upayoginchinappudu, drumnu drum sutthi thoo kottaru; oka "woorby" ('index' ledhaa 'pointer'), ittadi ledhaa kommutho chesina oka rakamaina dye, drum kottinapudu drum head meeda tirugutundi. porapai "woorby" aagipoyina chihnala prakaram bhavishyat sanghatanalu anchanaa vaeyabadataayi.
drum porapai unna namuunaalu, raine deer pasuvula pempakam, vaeta, gruhanirmaanam mariyu vaari poruguvaaritho mariyu saamiyetara samaajamtho sambandhaalu vanti mataparamaina mariyu praapanchika vishayaalalo yajamani mariyu athani kutumbam yokka prapancha drukpathaanni pratibimbistaayi.
17va mariyu 18va sataabdaalaloo saamii prajala kraistaveekarana samayamlo saamii yajamanyam nundi aneka drums tolaginchabaddaayi mariyu upayoginchabaddaayi. saamii vaipu teevrataram chesina kraistava missionloo bhaagamgaa saamii missionarylu mariyu itara adhikarulu aneka drumlanu swaadheenam chesukunnaru. itara drumlanu collectorlu konugolu chesaaru. 70 mariyu 80 drums madhya bhadraparachabaddayi; atipedda drums sekarana stockhomeloni nordic museumlo undhi.
paribhasha.
drumku uttara saamii padaalu "govadis", "gobdis" mariyu "mevresgari", ayithe lul saamii mariyu dakshina saamii padaalu varusaga "gobdes" mariyu "geevree". ,; aanglamlo dheenini ruune drum ledhaa saamii shamanik drum anie kooda pilustaaru.
uttara saamii paeru "govadis" oka baul drumnu vivaristundi, ayithe dakshina saamii paeru "geevree" eee rakamaina drumla pampinheeki anugunamgaa frame drumnu vivaristundi. maroka uttara saamii paeru, "mevresgarri", anedi oka mishrama bhasha padamha saamii "maverace", "maverit" nundi mariyu finnish ('digg, roar, mess'), plus norwegian ('cup, baul') nundi "garri".
drumku saadhaarana norwegian paeru, "runboam", drumpy chihnala gurinchi munupati apaarthampai aadharapadi untundi, idhi vaatini ransga ardham chesukundi. norwegianlo suuchimchina kotta paerlu "jamantrome" ("shammon drum") ledhaa "sametrome" ("saamii drum"). asalu swedish paeru, "troltrumma", saamii matam yokka kraistava avagahana nundi mantravidya ("traldom") gaa vachindi, mariyu idhi ippudu avamaanakaramainadigaa pariganinchabadutundi. thana "lappish puraanaala sakalaalu" (ca 1840) loe laystadius "bhavishyavaani drum" ("spatrumma") anae padaanni upayoginchaadu. nedu sweedanlo, saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche padam ('saamii drum').
drums charitraku sambandhinchina muulaalu.
drums charitraku naalugu vargaala muulaalu unnaayi. modatidi drums, mariyu vaati nundi emi ardham chesukovacchu. rendavadi, 17va mariyu 18va sataabdaala nundi swedish mariyu dano-norwegian poojaarulu, missionarylu ledhaa johannes schieferous vanti itara poura sevakulu raasina saamii prajalapai nivedikalu mariyu grandhaalu unnaayi. moodava vargam saameela nundi vacchina prakatanalu, ivi nyaayasthaanaalaku ledhaa itara adhikaarika pratinidhulaku ivvabadataayi. naalgavadi "historia naarvegi" (12va sataabdam chivaralo) vanti itara moolaalalo drums mariyu saamii shamanism gurinchi chedurumaduru suuchanalu unnaayi.
saamii drum mariyu shamanism yokka puraatana prastaavana anamaka "historia naarvegi" (12va sataabdam chivaralo) loe undhi. idhi samudra jantuvula chihnalatho kuudina drum, padava, raine deer mariyu snoshuulanu prastaavistundi. oka shammon thana aatmanu timingalamloki marchadam dwara chanipoyina mahilanu nayam chesina varnana kooda undhi. pedder clousone fris thana "naar riggs ok amligende ors sanderferdies bescrifuels" (1632) loe sariiraanni vidichipettina "noidi" aatmanu vivaristaadu. 1642loe huitlock pait saamiki chendina anders hutelock kooda oka rekhaachitraanni roopondinchaaru; athani kathanu german-swedish bergmister hohns p raasaaru. laibekar. huteluck yokka drum anedi devatalu, jantuvulu mariyu jeevinchi unnavaaru mariyu chanipoyinavaaru icchina prakruti drushyamlo kalisi panichese prapancha drukpathaanni suuchistumdi. 1692loe vadsolo anders palsonku vyatiraekamgaa jarigina vichaaranala nundi mariyu 1691loe argeplaglo lars nilsanku vyatiraekamgaa jarigina vichaaranala nundi kortu niyamaalu kooda muulaalu.
17va sataabdamloo, swedish prabhutvam saamii mariyu vaari samskruti gurinchi marinta ghnaanam pondadaaniki oka panini praarambhinchindi. muppai samvatsaraala yuddha samayamlo (1618-48) sweedanlu tama yuddhaalanu saamii mantravidya sahayamtho geluchukunnarani pukaarlu vyaapinchayi. ituvanti pukaarlu 1673loe laatinlo prachurinchabadina johannes skipherus pustakam "laponia" kuu daariteese parisoedhana nepadhyamlo bhaagamgaa unnaayi. skipherus kosam, sweedanlooni saamii jillaallooni vikarlu aneka "poojaarula correspondencelu" ("prostrilation") raasaaru. shamyul reine, olaas graan, johannes tornius mariyu nikolay lundius raasina grandhaalu skipherus upayoginchina muulaalu. norwaylo, 1715 nundi 1735 varaku thamus vaan westen mariyu athani sahacharula mission nundi vacchina rachanalu pradhana muulam. rachayitalu hohns scanke, gens kildall, isak olsen mariyu johann randluff ("neroy manuscript"). eee pustakaalu, kontavaraku, missionarylu mariyu vaari sahodyogulaku suuchanalu, mariyu kontha documentation, kopenhaganloni prabhutvam kosam uddesinchabaddaayi. eee sampradaayamlooni chivari pustakaalu sweedanlooni pehr hogstrome yokka "bescriffing ofvar dii till sweriges crona lydande lapmarker" (1747) mariyu denmark-naarvelooni nud leam yokka "bescrevales ovar finmarkens lapar" (1767). mukhyamgaa lestadius yokka "lappish puraanaala sakalaalu" (1839-45) gurtinchadaginadi, ivi rendoo munupati grandhaalanu vimarsanaatmaka vidhaanamtho charchistaayi mariyu lestadius yokka swantha anubhavanni nirmistaayi.
drums aakaram.
chekka.
drums ellappuduu ovalgaa untaayi; oval yokka khachitamaina aakaram upayoginchina kalapa rakanni batti maarutuu untundi. ippatikee unna drums naalugu ververu rakalu, mariyu rendu pradhana samuhaluga vibhajinchavachhuh baul drums mariyu frame drums.
saamii drums paie thana pradhana rachanalo, "dye lappische joubertrommel", ernst mankar 41 frame drums, oka ring drum, rendu koneeya-cutt frame drums mariyu 27 baul drumsnu jabita chestaadu. eee sankhyalanu batti, chaalaa mandhi drumlanu rendu pradhana samuhaluga vibhajistaaruh baul drums mariyu frame drums, itarulanu vaividhyalugaa chuustaaru. eee migilina drums mariyu vaati telisina muulam dwara teerpu ivvabadina frame drums dakshina saamii praantaalalo marinta saadhaaranam anipistaayi, mariyu baul drums uttara saamii praantaalalo saadhaaranam anipistaayi. baul drum konnisaarlu praathamika drum rakam yokka sthaanika sardubaatugaa pariganinchabadutundi, idhi frame drum. frame drum rakam cyberia swadeshi prajalu upayoginche itara utsava drumlanu marinta gurthu chestundi.
pora mariyu daani chihnalu.
pora anedi charmasuddhi cheyani raine deer daachutho tayaaru cheyabadindi. 1885loe thana mamaiah yokka drum, bindall drum gurinchi vivarinchina lars olsen, daani mandam kaaranamgaa saadhaaranamgaa raine deer dhooda meda nundi daachabadutundani cheppadu. chihnalanu alder beradutho chesina paesttoe chithrinchaaru.
drum meeda unna muulaamsaalu matha vishwaasaala paramgaa mariyu vaari jeevanaadhaara paddhatula paramgaa yajamani mariyu athani kutumbam yokka prapancha drukpathaanni pratibimbistaayi. pempudu jantuvulu mariyu adavi rendinti chitraala dwara mariyu mandaku muppu kaliginche mamsahara mamsaahaarula chitraala dwara oka prapanchaanni chitreekarinchaaru. jeevana vidhaanaalanu adavi aata vaeta, chepalu patte valalu unna padavalu mariyu raine deer pasuvula pempakam drushyaalu pradarsistaayi. drumpy adanapu chitraalalo parvataalu, sarassulu, prajalu, devatalu, alaage gudaralu mariyu nilva gruhaalato kuudina shibiram-pradaesam untaayi. charchilu mariyu illu vanti videshee nagarikatala chihnalu, chuttupakkala nundi mariyu vistaristunna saamiyetara samajam nundi vachhe bedirimpulanu suuchistaayi. prati yajamani thana chihnala samitini enchukunnadu; oke vidhamaina chihnalatho rendu drums laevu. madhyayuga latin tome "historia naarvegi" loe perkonna drum, timingalaalu, raine deer, skiss mariyu padava vanti muulaamsaalatoe teerapraanta saamiki chendinadi. luulae saamii drum anedi pasuvulanu vetaadatam kante pradhanamgaa vaeta dwara thana jeevanaadhaara vidhananni kanugonna yajamanini pratibimbistumdi.
namuunaala nirmaanam aadhaaramgaa oka typologyni moodu pradhana vargaluga vibhajinchavachhuh
71 telisina drums gurinchi mankar yokka sameekshalo, 42 dakshina saamii drums, 22 kendra saamii drums mariyu edu uttara saamii drums unnaayi.
bindall drum anedi oka vilakshanhamaina dakshina saamii drum, daani madhyalo suurya-chihnamtho untundi. porapai unna chihnalu suuryuni chuttoo unna naalugu pradhana disala prakaram vyavastheekarinchabaddaayani daani chivari yajamani kooda vivarinchaaru. dakshinam "vesavi vaipu" ledhaa "jeevita dhisha" gaa varninchabadindi, mariyu vesavi kaalamlo chetlalo saamii jeevitam yokka chihnalanu kaligi untundih "gohti", store house ledhaa "najalla", raine deer manda, mariyu vaati pacchika bayallu. uttaraana "maranaaniki vaipu" gaa varninchabadindi, mariyu anaaroogyam, maranam mariyu dushtatva chihnalanu kaligi undhi.
kgelstrome mariyu riding drums chihnalanu eee krindi vargalalo sangrahinchaayih prakruti, raine deer, elugubantlu, elk, itara ksheeradaalu (thodelu, beaver, chinna bochu jantuvulu), pakshulu, chepalu, vaeta, chepalu pattadam, raine deer-hearding, camp sait-gohti, najalla mariyu itara store houselatho, naan-saamii graamam-tarachugaa charchi, prajalu, prayaanam (skiing, raine deer thoo pulk, botlu), mariyu devatalu mariyu vaari prapanchaalu. konnisaarlu drum vadakam kooda chithreekarinchabadindi.
raine deer-hearding pradhanamgaa raine deer coral kosam vruttaakaara chihnamtho chithreekarinchabadindi, idhi mandanu sekarinchadaaniki, gurtinchadaaniki mariyu paalu ivvadaaniki upayoginchabadindi. eee chihnam dakshina saamii drumlalo 75 saatam meeda kanipistundi, conny uttara ledhaa thoorpu drumlapy kaadu. coral yokka chihnam ellappuduu drum yokka diguva bhaagamlo unchabadutundi. raine deer nuu yeka rekha bommalugaa, puurtigaa namuunaa aakrutulugaa ledhaa vaati kommula dwara suuchistaaru. camp sait saadhaaranamgaa gudaram/gohtini soochinche tribhujamgaa choopabadutundi. saamii store house ("najalla") vividha praantaala nundi aneka drumlapy chithreekarinchabadindi. najalla" anedi elugubanti kaash shaililo oka chinna gudise, idhi oka cutt chettu paina nirminchabadindi. idhi saadhaaranamgaa daani nicchena mundu chithreekarinchabadutundi.
aneka drum poralapai saamii devatalu chuupimchabaddaaru. ivi unnata devudu "rádéi", demierge mariyu nilabettukunevadu "varaldi olmai", urumu mariyu santanotpatti devudu "horagallis", vaataavarana devudu "beegolmai", vaeta devudu "libolmi", suurya devudu "beevi"/"beejee", talli devatalu "mattaraka", "sarca", "jukesaka" "uga" uxaca ", anaaroogyam mariyu maranaanni teesukuvacchina" ruto "aatma, mariyu" jabameka "-paataala prapanchaaniki saamraagni.
saamiyetara prapanchaaniki chendina konni vishayalu kooda aneka drumlapy kanipistaayi. ivi saamii samaajamtho sankarshana chendutunna kotta prabhavalanu ardham chesukovadaniki mariyu praaveenyam pondadaaniki chese prayatnaalugaa ardham chesukobadatayi. charchilu, illu mariyu gurralu aneka drumlapy kanipistaayi, mariyu chirigina mariyu kemi jillaala nundi drums nagaram, charchi mariyu "laap kameesaree" rendintinee chuuputaayi.
drums chihnala vivarana kashtamgaa undavacchu, mariyu aneka chihnalaku vividha vivaranalu pratipaadinchabaddaayi. anyamata amsaalanu takkuvagaa choopinchadaaniki mariyu saamii samskrutipai kraistava prabhavanni nokki cheppadaniki, vaaru tama drumlanu missionarylu mariyu itara kraistava prekshakulaku samarpinchinappudu saamii uddeshapoorvakamgaa tappudova pattinche vivaranalu icchaarani tarachugaa bhaavistaaru. ayithe, konni chihnalu vaastavaaniki rojuvaaree jeevita vishayalanu suuchistunnappudu, vaatini mataparamaina mulaamsaalugaa atigaa ardham chesukunnarani kooda pratipaadinchabadindi.
hacken riding muula vimarsala konam nundi drum chihnalanu moolyaankanam chesi, vaatini naalugu vargaluga vibhajistundihi
mankar yokka vivaranala dwara fraxel mariyu fravnantzake geevree rendoo "aadhyaatmikam" cheyabaddaayani riding mariyu kgelstrome niroopinchaayih vivaranalanu polchinappudu, graan inti jeevitam mariyu jeevanaadhaara vidhaanaalaku chihnalanu anusandhaaninchinatlu kanipistundi, ikkada mankar devatalu mariyu aatmalanu chustadu. idhi vivarana yokka samasyalanu nokki chebutundi. manchu vaataavaranam, ooda, varsham mariyu chetlaloni udutalu anie graan vivarinche chihnalanu, mankar gaali devudu beegolmoy/beegkalmaj, padava tyaagam, vaataavarana devudu mariyu-itara suuchanalatoe paatu-atavee aatmagaa ardham chesukuntaru. fravnantzake geevree vadda yajamani "thana raine deer venuka thana palklo sawari chese saamii" gaa vivarinchina oka chihnam undhi, ayithe mankar "idhi oka saadhaarana sleeg raid kaavacchu, conny idhi" noidi ", drum yajamani, aadhyaatmika prapanchamloki oka mukhyamaina paniki velutunnaadani manam anukovacchu" anie suuchistumdi. marovaipu, freevnantzake geevree yajamani, bendic anderson, drum yokka aadhyaatmika amsaaniki praadhaanyata ivvadam ledani suuchimchavachchu, saadhaaranamgaa mugguru talli deevatalugaa gurtinchabadina chihnalanu "raine deer kapalaga unna purushulu" gaa ayana vivaristaaru.
sadhanalu.
drum thoo pani chesetappudu upayoginche praathamika sadhanalu pradhanamgaa drum sutthi mariyu prati drum kosam okati ledhaa rendu "woorby". drums loe vividha rakaala teegalu alaage "elugubanti gorlu" kooda undevi.
drum sutthi (uttara saamih "balin") saadhaaranamgaa kommutho tayaaru cheyabadindi mariyu rendu samaroopa talalatho mariyu rekhaganita alankaranalatho tii-ledhaa vai-aakaaramlo untundi. konni sutthi tholu pattalatho tayaaru chesina thokalu kaligi untaayi ledhaa shaft chuttoo tholu ledhaa tinn teegalu chutti untaayi. mankar (1938) 38 drum suttulanu telusu mariyu vivarinchaadu. drum suttini trans drumming kosam mariyu "woorby" thoo kalisi bhavishyavaani kosam upayoginchaaru.
bhavishyavaani kosam upayoginche "wurbi" ('suuchika' ledhaa 'pointer'; uttara saamii "wurbi", "baja" ledhaa "arpa"; dakshina saamii "viz kii") ittadi, kommu ledhaa emukatho mariyu konnisaarlu kalapatho tayaaru cheyabadindi.
teegalu tholu patteelu, frameku ledhaa drum diguvaku vrelaadadeeyabadi ledhaa kattabadi untaayi. vatiki emukalu ledhaa lohapu mukkalu kattabadi undevi. fravnantzake geevree yajamani, bendics undersen frainingsfgel, 1723loe thamus vaan westenku vivaristuu, tholu patteelu mariyu tinn, emuka mariyu ittadi alankaranalu drumku krutagnatato andinchabadataayani, drumnu upayoginchinappudu shamanku vacchina sandeshaala dwara pondina adrushtaaniki pratispandanagaa yajamani icchinatlu chepparu. freevnantzake geevree framelo kooda 11 tinn gorlu undevi, avi cross aakaaramlo undevi. drum icchina suuchanalaku krutagnatalu teluputuu elugubantla sankhyanu soochinche suuchikagaa bendics vaatini vivarinchindi. mankar 13 drumlalo ilanti elugubanti gollanu kanugonnadu. itara drumlalo elugubanti nundi oka baakulam ledhaa taalla madhya oka nakka undedi.
drum upayoginchandi.
ernst mankar trans mariyu bhavishyavaani rendintikee sambandhinchi drum vadakanni sangrahinchaaruh
quiqzok 1664-1671 loe poojaari ayina shamyul reine, saamii matam gurinchi raasina modativaarilo okaru. athani abhiprayam emitante, chaalaa mandhi saameelu, conny andaruu kaadu, bhavishyavaani kosam drumnu upayoginchaaru. drum ivvagala naalugu rakaala vishayalanu reine prastaavinchaaruh
reine perkonna eee naalugu vishayaalalo, itara muulaalu vaatilo modatidi "noidi" matrame pradarsinchinatlu perkonnaayi. muulaala aadhaaramgaa, drum vadakam kramamga "prajaasvaamyeekarinchabadindi", tadwara konni praantaalalo prati intilo drum undedi, mariyu inti tandri salaha pondadaaniki daanini upayoginchavacchani bhaavinchavachchu. ayinappatikee, drum yokka asalu upayogam, trans panini prerepinchadam, shammon yokka pratyaekamainadigaa migilipoyinatlu telustondi.
18va sataabdamloo dakshina saamii jillaallo, prati intiki daani swantha drum undani muulaalu angeekaristunnatlu telustondi. veetini ekkuvagaa bhavishyavaani kosam upayoginchaaru. dakshina saamii drumlapy muulaamsaala rakalu mariyu aakruteekaranalu idhi vaastavaaniki bhavishyavaani kosam upayoginchabadindani suuchistunnaayi. marovaipu, uttara saamii drum muulaamsaala aakruteekaranalu, prapanchaala yokka kramaanugata nirmaanaalatoo, oka pouraanika viswaanni suuchistaayi, dheenilo noidi tiragadaaniki hakku undhi.
saadhaaranamgaa sanchaarula alavaatulo drumnu venta teesukellaaru. saadhaarana shibiraalaku daggaragaa drums daachinatlu kooda nivedikalu unnaayi. laavvu mariyu gohti lopala, drum ellappuduu "bosu" loe unchabadindi, idhi gohti yokka "pavitra gadhi" gaa pariganinchabade poyyi venuka unna sthalam.
aneka samakaaleena muulaalu drums yokka dwandwa drukpathaanni vivaristaayih avi niguuda parikaraluga mariyu aacharanaatmaka prayojanaala kosam bhavishyavaani saadhanalugaa chudabaddayi. drums vaarasatvamgaa vachayi. 18va sataabdamloo drums kaligi unna vaarandaruu tama drumsnu churukaina viniyogadaarulugaa varninchukoledu-kaneesam drumsnu swaadheenam chesukunnappudu vaaru pattubattaru.
drum ledhaa "noidi" kuu prasava ledhaa antyakriyala acharalalo etuvanti paatra undataaniki etuvanti aadharalu laevu.
konni muulaalu eee drumnu rahasya acharala sahayamtho tayaaru chesinatlu suuchistunnaayi. ayithe, mankar drum tayari prakriyanu vivarinche photo documentaryni roopondinchaaru. pora kosam muulaamsaala empika ledhaa daani venuka unna tatvasaastram yea moolaalalo vivarinchabadaledu. kotta drum samarpanalo mottam intivaaru palgone acharalu undevani telisindi.
trans loe.
noidi" anevaaru trans sthithini prerepinchadaaniki drumnu upayoginchaaru. athanu oka manasika sthithi ledhaa nidra lanty sthithiloki vellae varaku teevramaina layatho drumnu kottadu. eee raajyamlo undagaa, athani swechhaa aatma aatma-prapanchaalloki ledhaa bhouthika prapanchamlooni itara pradaesaalaku prayaaninchagaladu. historia naarvegi" loe perkonna episode aatma-prapanchaaniki prayaaninchi, anaarogyaanni nayam cheyadaaniki shatru aatmalatho pooraadina "noidi" gurinchi chebutundi. pedder clousen fris (1545-1614) rachanalu bergenloni oka saamini vivaristaayi, athanu trans loe unnappudu bhouthika prapanchamlo prayaaninchagaladani bhavistaruh jacob anae saamii oka german vyapari kutumbam aarogyam gurinchi telusukovadaaniki germanyki thana aatma-pravasam chesadu.
nikolai lundius (ca 1670), isak olsen (1717) mariyu gens kildall (ca. 1730) noidis aatma-prapanchaalaku prayaanistunnappudu vaaru marana devatalato, mukhyamgaa "jabmehakka"-mrutula raajyaaniki raani-prajala aarogyam mariyu jeevitaalaku sambandhinchina charchalanu vivaristaaru. eee prayaanamloo noidi yokka sonta jeevitam mariyu aarogyaaniki pramaadaalu unnaayi.
bhavishyattu mariyu adrushtam.
samuel reine mariyu isak olsen rendinti rachanalalo, elugubanti vaeta kosam sannahalalo bhaagamgaa drum gurinchi prastaavinchabadindi. noidi vaeta adrushtam gurinchi samacharam ivvagaladani reine chebutundagaa, noidi vetagaalla paridhiloki velladaaniki elugubantini taarumaaru cheyagaligindani olsen suuchimchaadu. noidi-ledhaa drum yajamani-vetagaalla samuuhamloo sabhyudiga, eete mosewari venta unnaaru. vaeta tarvaata vindu samayamlo noidi kooda oka pramukha pradaesamloe kuurchunnaadu.
lappish puraanaala sakalaalu" (1840-45) loe, lars levi laystadius vraastuu, saamii thana drumnu oka daivoktigaa upayoginchaadani, mariyu konni mukhyamaina vishayalu chetilo unnappudu daanini sampradinchaadani. "kaardulu ledhaa dowsingtho itara rakaala adrushtam-cheppadam vale. prati drum yajamanini mantrikudiga pariganinchakudadu."vividha chihnalanu sandarsistuu," "woorby" "nuu pora meedugaa vellanivvadam oka saadhaarana paddhati". noidi, woorby teesukunna maargam dwara devatala chittaanni ardham chesukuntadu. ituvanti paddhatulu bindall drum, freevnantzake geevree mariyu welfzoard drumlatho kalipi vivarinchabaddaayi.
mahilalu.
mahilalaku drum upayoginchadaaniki anumati undaa anae daanipai charcha jarigindi, conny inca ekaabhipraayam kudurchukoledu. oka vaipu, konni muulaalu mahilalaku drumnu taakadaaniki kooda anumati ledani, manda valasala samayamlo, mahilalu drumnu mosukelle sleeg kante maroka marganni anusarinchaalani chebutunnayi. marovaipu, mottam kutumbam drum praarambhamlo paalgondi. alaage, vijayavantamaina aatma-paryatanaku joicking mahilala bhagaswamyam kooda mukhyamainadi.
mae-lisbeth miraug 17va mariyu 18va sataabdaala muulaalanu tirigi ardham chesukunnadu, mariyu aatma-prayaana stree noyiditho sahaa stree noidiki aadharalu unnayani suuchistumdi.
purushulu matrame "noidi" gaa undi, drumnu upayoginchagalarani cheppadaniki viruddhamgaa, drumnu upayoginchina saamii mahilalaku udaaharanalu unnaayi. kirsten chlemitsdotor (d. 1714), arvidsjour (1661-1757) yokka rizkuo-maaja mariyu silbo-gammo ledhaa gamel-silba (1794-1870) anie piluvabade whapstein yokka annah greta matsdotter, drumnu upayoginchina mahilalaku udaaharanalu.
kraistava matam taruvaata drums.
17va mariyu 18va sataabdaalaloo, sweeden mariyu denmark-norway rendintiloonuu, saamii prajala kraistaveekarana samayamlo drumlanu swaadheenam chesukovadaniki aneka daadulu jarigaayi. thamus vaan westen mariyu athani sahacharulu drumlanu "saamii yokka baibil" gaa bhaavinchaaru, mariyu drumlanu naasanam cheyadam ledhaa tolaginchadam dwara vaaru "vigraharadhana" gaa chusina vaatini nirmuulinchaalani korukunnaru. edainaa aniyantrita, "vigraharadhana" saamii prabhutvaaniki muppuga pariganinchabadedi. 18va sataabdam praarambhamlo saamii vaipu missionary prayatnaalu peragadam anedi denmark-norwaylo sampoorna raacharika yugamlo pourulanu niyantrinchaalanae prabhutva korika phalitamgaa mariyu aaa samayamlo prajaadarana pondina petism patla vyaktigata kraistava vishwaasaaniki ekkuva praadhaanyata icchina phalitamgaa kooda vivarinchavacchu.
aisele, sweeden loe, 1686loe 2 drums, 1689loe 8 drums mariyu 1725loe 26 drums sekarinchabaddaayi, pradhanamgaa dakshina saamii rakam. thamus vaan westen dakshina saamii jilla nundi sumaru vanda drumlanu sekarinchaadu; vaatilo 8 1723loe snasalo sekarinchabaddaayi. 1728 naati copenhagen agnilo vaan westen yokka drumlalo 70 kolpoyayi. vaan westen 1715 mariyu 1730 madhya uttara saamii jillaallo thana prayaanaala samayamlo konni drumlanu kanugonnadu. uttaraana saamii yokka adhunaatana kraistaveekarana dwara dheenini vivarinchavacchu, dheenilo drums appatike naasanam cheyabaddaayi. uttara mariyu dakshina saamii samskrutulalo varusaga drums upayoginchina vidhanalalo thedaalu dwara kooda dheenini vivarinchavacchu. dakshina saamii samskrutilo drum oka saadhaarana gruha vastuvu ayinappatikee, idhi uttara saamii samskrutilo koddimandi vidyaavantulaina "noidi" kosam ketayinchabadina arudaina vastuvu ayi undavacchu.
bahusha atyanta prasiddhamainadi linne drum-uttara sweeden sandarsanala samayamlo carle linnayasku ivvabadina drum. taruvaata athanu daanini fraanslooni oka museumku icchaadu, taruvaata daanini tirigi swedish jaateeya museumku teesukuvacchaaru. british museum sekaranalalo moodu saamii drums kanipistaayi, veetilo okati museum vyavasthaapakudu surr hohns sloan vaarasatvamgaa icchaaru. stockhomeloni nordiska museatlo 30 drums nirvahistaaru; itarulu rome, berlin, leapsig mariyu hamberg loe nirvahistaaru. cambridge vishwavidyaalayam yokka puraavastu shaastram mariyu maanava shaastram yokka museum, oxfordloni pitt riverse museum mariyu london yokka horniman museum annee saami drums yokka udaaharanalanu kaligi unnaayi.
anders poulsen yokka drum athani vichaarana mariyu maranam taruvaata danish raaja sekaranalo bhaagamaindi. idhi chivariki denmark jaateeya museum sekaranalaloki pravesinchindi mariyu 1979 nundi uttara naarvelooni karasjokloni saamii museumku runampai undhi. "40 samvatsaraala poraatam" taruvaata, museum director gelena porsangar prakaram, 2022loe saamii prajalaku adhikarikamga tirigi ivvabadindi, idhi norway yokka saamii president denmark raani margreth kuu chesina vignapti taruvaata.