
addaalu

addaalu ledhaa kalladdaalu anie kooda piluvabade addaalu, oka vyakti kalla mundu vaatini pattukune framelo amarchina katakamulu (spashtamaina ledhaa rangu) thoo drushti kalladdaalu, saadhaaranamgaa mukku meeda vantenanu mariyu keelugala chetulanu (devalayalu ledhaa aalaya mukkalu anie pilustaaru) upayogistaayi.
addaalu saadhaaranamgaa drushti diddubaatu kosam upayoginchabadataayi, udaaharanaku chadavadaaniki addaalu mariyu sameepa drushti kosam upayoginche addaalu; ayithe, pratyeka katakamulu lekunda, vaatini konnisaarlu soundarya prayojanaala kosam upayogistaaru.
bhadrata addaalu nirmaana kaarmikulu ledhaa prayogasaala saanketika nipunulaku egire sidhilaala nundi kanti rakshananu andistaayi; eee addaalu kalla vaipula alaage katakamulalo rakshananu kaligi undavacchu. kanipinche mariyu daadaapu kanipinche kaanti ledhaa vikiranam nundi rakshinchadaaniki konni rakaala bhadrata addaalanu upayogistaaru. squash vanti konni creedalalo kanti rakshana kosam addaalanu dharistaaru.
addaalu dharinchevaaru addaalu padipokunda nirodhinchadaaniki patteeni upayoginchavacchu. kontha samayam matrame upayoginche addaalu dharinchevaaru addaalu kolpokunda mariyu virigipokundaa undataaniki vaari meda chuttoo tirige taadiki addaalu jatacheyabadi undavacchu. eee paristhitulalo panichese vaariki addaalu kolpovadam hanikaram.
sunn glasses prakaasavantamaina pagatipuuta merugaina drushtini anumatistaayi mariyu atineelalohita kaanti adhika sthaayila nundi nashtam nundi okari kallanu rakshinchadaaniki upayogistaaru. saadhaarana sunn glasses lenslu prakaasavantamaina kaanti nundi rakshana kosam ledhaa merupu tolaginchadaaniki dhruveekarinchabadataayi; photochromic glasses cheekati ledhaa indor paristhitulalo nallaga ledhaa teelikagaa rangu vaeyabadataayi, conny avi atineelalohita kaantini taakinappudu sunn glassesga marutayi. chaalaa pratyaksha sunn glasses lenslalo diddubaatu saktini kaligi undavu; ayithe, pratyeka prescription sunn glasses tayaaru cheyavachu. praadhamika lakshanamgaa photophobia unna paristhitulu unna vyaktulu (konni migraine rugmatalu ledhaa irlen syndrome vantivi) tarachugaa sunn glasses ledhaa khachitamaina rangu addaalanu dharistaaru, inti lopala mariyu raatri kooda.
nirdishta drushya samacharanni chuudataaniki pratyeka addaalanu upayoginchavacchu, udaaharanaku, 3dii chitraala kosam 3dii addaalu (stereoscopy). konnisaarlu addaalanu puurtigaa fyaashan ledhaa soundarya prayojanaala kosam dharistaaru. drushti diddubaatu kosam upayoginche addaalatoe kooda, plaastik, loha, wire mariyu framela kosam itara padaarthaalanu upayoginchi vistruta shreni fyaashanlu andubaatulo unnaayi.
rakalu.
addaalanu vaati praathamika paniteeru dwara gurtinchavacchu ledhaa kanugonavacchu, conny prescription sunn glasses ledhaa merugaina magnification thoo bhadrata addaalu vanti kalayikalalo kooda kanipistaayi.
diddubaatu.
kanti chuupu (myopia), dooradrushti (hypermetropia) ledhaa drushtivaishayam vanti paristhitula prabhavalanu tagginchadaaniki kantiloki pravesinche kaantini vangadam dwara vakreebhavana lopaalanu saricheyadaaniki diddubaatu katakamulu upayoginchabadataayi. okari kallu vaari drushtini daggaragaa mariyu suduura drushtini kendrikarinche saamarthyam kalakramena maarutundi. nalabhai ellu paibadina vaarilo oka saadhaarana paristhiti presbiopia, idhi kanti yokka spatikaakaara lens sthithisthaapakathanu kolpovadam valla sambhavistundi, idhi lens yokka samardhyaanni kramamga taggistundi (i.ii. kantiki daggaragaa unna vastuvulapai drushti pettadam). kontamandiki sarigga samaanamaina vakreebhavana lakshanaalanu choopinche oka jatha kallu untaayi; oka kantiki "balamaina" (i.ii. itara kante ekkuva vakreebhavana) lens.
diddubaatu katakamulu chitraanni retinapai tirigi drushti kendrikaristayi. avi netra vaidyudu ledhaa optometrist yokka prescriptionku anugunamgaa tayaaru cheyabadataayi. ippatike unna oka jatha addaala yokka lakshanaalanu dhruveekarinchadaaniki lensmeternu upayoginchavacchu. diddubaatu addaalu dharinchevaari jeevita naanhyatanu gananeeyamgaa meruguparustaayi. avi dharinchevaari drushya anubhavanni meruguparachadame kakunda, talanoppi ledhaa merupulu vanti kanti ottidi valla kalige samasyalanu kooda taggistaayi.
diddubaatu katakam yokka atyanta saadhaarana rakam "single vision", idhi ekareeti vakreebhavana suuchikanu kaligi untundi. presbiopia mariyu hyperopia unnavaariki, biphocal mariyu triphocal addaalu varusaga rendu ledhaa moodu ververu vakreebhavana suuchikalanu andistaayi, mariyu pragatiseela katakamulu nirantara pravanatanu kaligi untaayi. lenslanu adhika vakreebhavana suuchikalatoe kooda tayaaru cheyavachu, ivi "takkuva" vakreebhavana suuchikalatoe unna vaati pratyardhula kante marinta telikainavigaa mariyu sannaga undataaniki veelu kalpistaayi.
sameepa vastuvulapai drushti pettadaniki pathana addaalu pratyeka addaalanu andistaayi. mandula dukaanaala nundi prescription lekunda pathana addaalu andubaatulo unnaayi, ivi choukaina, aacharanaatmaka parishkaranni andistaayi, ayinappatikee ivi samaana shakti gala saadhaarana katakamulanu kaligi untaayi, anduvalla astigmatism ledhaa edama mariyu kudi kannu madhya vakreebhavana ledhaa preshmatic vyatyaasaalu vanti vakreebhavana samasyalanu saricheyavu. vyakti yokka drushtini puurtigaa saricheyadaaniki, iteevali kanti prescriptionku anugunamgaa unde addaalu avasaram.
chuudataaniki addaalu avasaramayye vyaktulu tarachugaa vaari driving licenselapy diddubaatu lens parimitulanu kaligi untaaru, vaaru drive chesina pratisaaree vaari addaalanu dharinchalsi untundi ledhaa jarimana ledhaa jailu sikshanu edurkontaaru.
konni sainikulu sainikulu mariyu mahilalaku prescription addaalanu jaarii chestaaru. ivi saadhaaranamgaa gi glassulu. united states looni aneka rashtra jaillu khaideelaku addaalanu jaarii chestaayi, tarachugaa spashtamaina plaastik aviatorla roopamlo.
sardubaatu cheyagala-drushtigala kallajollanu biphocals ledhaa triphocals sthaanamlo upayoginchavacchu ledhaa choukaina single-vision glassessnu utpatti cheyadaaniki upayoginchavacchu (endukante avi prati vyaktiki anukuulamainavigaa tayaaru cheyavalasina avasaram ledhu).
pinn hole addaalu anedi lensnu upayoginchani oka rakamaina diddubaatu addaalu. pinn hole addaalu vaastavaaniki kaantini vakreekarinchavu ledhaa kendra podavunu marchavu. badulugaa, vaaru vivartana parimita vyavasthanu srushtistaaru, idhi photography chinna eparcharunu upayoginchadam maadirigaane feeled yokka ekkuva lothunu kaligi untundi. eee rakamaina diddubaatuku aneka parimitulu unnaayi, ivi rojuvaaree viniyogamlo prajaadarana pondakunda nirodhistaayi. kaardu mukkalo chinna randhraalu cheyadam dwara pinn hole glassulanu diivy paddhatiloo tayaaru cheyavachu, taruvaata vaatini patti ledhaa cardboard chetulato kalla mundu unchutaaru.
bhadrata.
vividha paristhitulalo kallanu rakshinchadaaniki bhadrata addaalu dharistaaru. avi egurutunna sidhilaalu ledhaa itara padaarthaala nundi kantiki rakshana kalpinchadaaniki break proof plaastik lenslatho tayaaru cheyabadataayi. nirmaana kaarmikulu, factory kaarmikulu, yantrakaarulu mariyu lyab technicianlu tarachugaa egurutunna sidhilaalu ledhaa raktam ledhaa rasayanalu vanti pramaadakaramaina chindatam nundi kallanu rakshinchadaaniki bhadrata addaalu dharinchalsi untundi. 2017 natiki, kenada mariyu itara deshaalalo dantha vaidyulu mariyu sarjanlu rogula raktam ledhaa itara shareera dravaala nundi sankraminchakundaa rakshinchadaaniki bhadrata addaalu dharinchalsi untundi. welding kosam bhadrata addaalu kooda unnaayi, ivi chuttabadina sunn glasses laaga untaayi, conny chaalaa muduru katakamulatho, puurti-parimaana welding helmet asoukaryamgaa ledhaa asoukaryamgaa unna veldinglo upayoginchadaaniki. veetini tarachugaa "flash gaguls" anie pilustaaru endukante ivi welding flash nundi rakshananu andistaayi. nailan framelu saadhaaranamgaa vaati telikapati mariyu anuvaina lakshanaala kaaranamgaa kreedala kosam rakshana kalladdaalu kosam upayoginchabadataayi. chaalaa saadhaarana addaala maadirigaa kakunda, bhadrata addaalu tarachugaa kalla pakkana alaage kalla mundu rakshananu kaligi untaayi.
sunn glasses.
sunn glasses prakaasavantamaina kaanti nundi mariyu tarachugaa atineelalohita (yuvi) kaanti nundi marinta soukaryam mariyu rakshananu andistaayi. yuvi kaanti pramaadaala nundi kallanu sarigga rakshinchadaaniki, sunn glasses loe yuvi-400 blocker undaali, idhi pramaadaanni kaliginche mottam kaanti varnapataaniki vyatiraekamgaa manchi kavarejeeni andistundi.
telikapati dhruveekarana anedi sunn glass lenslaku vartimpajeyagala adanapu lakshanam. dhruvana filterlu kshitija samaantara dhruvana kiranaalanu tolaginchadaaniki unchabadataayi, idhi kshitija samaantara uparitalaala nundi kaantini tolagistundi (pratibimbimchae kaanti drushyaanni adhigaminchinappudu dharinchevaaru neetilo chuudataaniki veelu kalpistundi). dhruveekruta sunn glasses pailatlaku konni ibbandulanu kaliginchavacchu, endukante neeru mariyu itara nirmaanaala nundi pratibimbaalanu tarachugaa ettunu kolavadaniki tolaginchavacchu. drava-sphatika pradarsanalu dhruvana kaantini vidudala chestaayi, konnisaarlu dhruvana sunn glasses thoo chudatam kashtam chestundi. sunn glasses soundarya prayojanaala kosam ledhaa kevalam kallanu daachadaaniki dharinchavachhu. eee kaaranaala valla prachuryam pondina sunn glasses udaaharanalalo tii shades mariyu addaala shades unnaayi. chaalaa mandhi andhulu soundarya kaaranaala valla tama kallanu dachukovadaniki daadaapu apaaradarsaka addaalanu dharistaaru. kaanti sunnitatva paristhitulu unna chaalaa mandhi vyaktulu kaantini marinta sahinchadaginadigaa cheyadaaniki sunn glasses ledhaa itara rangu addaalanu dharistaaru.
sunn glasses loe diddubaatu katakamulu kooda undavacchu, dheeniki prescription avasaram. clip-aann sunn glasses ledhaa sunn glasses cliplanu maroka jatha glassulaku jodinchavachhu. konni chuttabadina sunn glasses maroka jatha glasses meeda dharinchenta peddavigaa untaayi. lekapothe, chaalaa mandhi prajalu tama drushtini saricheyadaaniki contact lenslanu dharinchadaaniki enchukuntaaru, tadwara praamaanika sunn glassessnu upayoginchavacchu.
mishrama double frame.
double frame uplifting glasses oka jatha lenslatho oka kadile framenu kaligi untaayi mariyu naalugu-baar linkage dwara anusandhaaninchabadina maroka jatha lenslatho (aichhikam) praathamika sthira framenu kaligi untaayi. udaaharanaku, suuryarashmi katakamulanu ellappuduu aanlo unde myopia katakamulatho kalapadam dwara sulabhamgaa paiki krindiki ettavachu. presbiopia katakamulanu kooda kalapavacchu mariyu avasaramaite addaalu teeyakundaa veekshanha kshetram nundi sulabhamgaa tolaginchavacchu.
3dii addaalu.
prati kantiki ververu drushya samacharanni andinchadam dwara dvi-miteeya uparitalampai moodu koonaala bhramanu srushtinchavachu. 3dii addaalu rendu kallaku sambandhinchina samacharanni kaligi unna sanketaanni filter cheyadam dwara moodu koonaala bhramanu srushtistaayi. signal, tarachugaa cinema screen nundi kaanti pratibimbistumdi ledhaa electronic display nundi vidudala cheyabadutundi, prati kannu koddigaa bhinnamaina chitraanni andukunela filter cheyabadutundi. filterlu avi roopondinchina signal rakaniki matrame panicheestaayi.
anagliffe 3dii glassulu prati kantiki ververu rangu vadapotanu kaligi untaayi, saadhaaranamgaa erupu mariyu neelam ledhaa erupu mariyu aakupaccha. marovaipu dhruveekruta 3dii vyavastha dhruveekruta vadapotalu upayogistundi. dhruveekarinchina 3dii addaalu 3dii rangunu anumatistaayi, ayithe erupu-neelam katakamulu vakreekruta rangutho chitraanni utpatti chestaayi. kriyaaseela shutter 3dii vyavastha electronic shattarlanu upayogistundi. head-mounted displaylu signalnu electronicga filter chesi, aapai kaantini neerugaa veekshakudi kallaloki prasaram cheyagalavu.
3dii sinimaalalo anagliffe mariyu dhruveekruta addaalu prekshakulaku pampinhee cheyabadataayi. aneka home theatres dhruveekruta mariyu kriyaaseela shutter glassulanu upayogistaaru. talapai amarchina displaylanu oke vyakti upayogistaadu, conny input signalnu bahula unitla madhya panchukovachhu.
magnification (bioptics).
kallajollu kooda peddadigaa cheyagalavu, idhi drushti lopaalu ledhaa nirdishta vruttiparamaina demandlu unnavaariki upayogapadutundi. oka udaaharana "bioptics" ledhaa "bioptic telescopelu", ivi vaati saadhaarana katakamulapai, lopala ledhaa venuka chinna telescopelanu amarchabadi untaayi. kotta namuunaalu chinna telikapati telescopelanu upayogistaayi, veetini diddubaatu gaajulo ponduparachavacchu mariyu soundarya roopaanni (minee telescopic kalladdaalu) meruguparachavacchu. avi gaguls ledhaa binacularlanu pooli unde sweeya-kaligi unna addaala roopaanni teesukovachhu ledhaa ippatike unna addaalaku jodinchabadavachhu.
pasupu rangu computer/gaming addaalu.
pasupu rangu addaalu chinna pasupu rangutho kuudina oka rakamaina addaalu. avi merise avakaasam lekapovadam valla kanti ottidini tagginche paina, konchem rangu diddubaatunu chestaayi. vaatini chinna diddubaatu kaani prescription addaalugaa kooda pariganinchavacchu. companyni batti, eee computer ledhaa gaming glassulu elsidi teralu, fluorescent laiting mariyu itara kaanti vanarula nundi adhika saktigala neelam mariyu atineelalohita kaantini kooda filter cheyagalavu. idhi kanti ottidini tagginchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. eee addaalanu praamaanika optical framelaku saripoye praamaanika ledhaa prescription lenslugaa arder cheyavachu.
neelam-kaanti nirodhinche addaalu.
computerlu, smartphonelu mariyu tabletla nundi neelam kaantini filter chese kallajollu neelam kaanti atigaa bahirgatam kavadam valla kalige samasyala gurinchi aandolanalaku pratispandanagaa baga prachuryam pondutunnaayi.
perkonna samasyalu podi kallu nundi kanti ottidi varaku, nidra chakram antaraayam, macular degeneration varaku untaayi, ivi pakshika andhatvaaniki kaaranamavutaayi.
ayithe, computer monetarla nundi kolavagala atineelalohita vikiranam ledhu.
ekkuva gantalu computer vadakam valla kanti ottidi raavacchu, neelam kaanti kaadu.
computer vadakam nilipivesina tarvaata computer vadakam valla kalige aneka kanti lakshanaalu taggutaayi.
saayantram screen samayanni tagginchadam mariyu parikaraalanu nait modku amarchadam valla nidra merugupadutundi.
computerla nundi vachhe neelam kaanti macular degenerationtho sahaa kanti vyaadhulaku daariteeyadani aneka adhyayanalu choopinchaayi.
american academy off ophthalmology (aavo) computer upayogam kosam pratyeka kalladdaalanu sifaarasu cheyadu.
computer screen dhooram kosam pratyaekamgaa koliche prescription glassulanu upayoginchaalani idhi sifaarsu chesinappatiki (vyaktulanu batti, conny bahusha mukham nundi 20-26 angulaalu), ivi "blue-light blocking" glassulatho samanam kaadu.
college off optometrists (yuke) yokka sthaanam emitante "prastutam andubaatulo unna uttama shaastreeya aadharalu drushya paniteerunu meruguparachadaaniki, kanti alasata ledhaa drushya asoukaryam lakshanaalanu tagginchadaaniki, nidra naanhyatanu meruguparachadaaniki ledhaa macula aarogyaanni kaapaadataaniki saadhaarana janabhalo blue-blocking spectockle lensla vaadakaaniki maddatu ivvavu."
framelu.
kanti frame anedi katakamulanu saraina sthithilo unchadaaniki roopondinchina oka jatha addaalalo bhaagam.
kanti framelu vividha sailulu, parimaanaalu, padaarthaalu, akaaraalu mariyu rangulalo vastaayi.
padaarthaalu.
lohamu.
bangaaram, vendi, aluminium, beryllium, steinless steel, titanium, monel mariyu nickel titanium vanti addaala tayaareeki vividha lohaalu mariyu mishramaalanu upayoginchavacchu.
sahaja padaartham.
kalapa, emuka, dantaalu, tholu mariyu pakshika viluvaina ledhaa viluvaina raallu vanti sahaja padaarthaalanu kooda upayoginchavacchu.
diddubaatu lens aakaram.
diddubaatu katakamulanu lens blanck anie piluvabade vruttaakaara katakamutho aneka vibhina aakaralalo utpatti cheyavachu. lens khaaliilu vaatini pattukune frame akaaraaniki saripoyela kattirinchabadataayi. frame sailulu maarutuu untaayi mariyu kalakramena fyaashan pokadalu maarutuu untaayi, phalitamgaa aneka lens akaaraalu erpadataayi. takkuva saktigala katkamula kosam, konni parimitulu unnaayi, ivi aneka adhunaatana mariyu aadhunika aakaralanu anumatistaayi. adhika saktigala katakamulu paridheeya drushtini vakreekarinchagalavu mariyu pedda katakam aakaraanni upayogiste mandamgaa mariyu bhaareega maaravacchu. ayithe, lens chaalaa chinnadigaa unte, adhi veekshanha kshetraanni teevramgaa taggistundi.
biphocal, triphocal mariyu progressive lenslaku saadhaaranamgaa prati vibhaagamlo taginanta veekshanha kshetraanni samrakshistuu, vividha vibhaagaalaku chotu ivvadaaniki podavaina lens aakaram avasaram. gundrani anchulatho kuudina framelu myopic prescriptionlanu saricheyadaaniki atyanta samarthavantamgaa untaayi, sampoorna gundrani framelu atyanta samarthavantamgaa untaayi. fyaashan vastuvugaa kallajollu raakamundu, framelu kevalam kaaryaacharananu drushtilo unchukuni nirminchinappudu, vaastavamgaa anni kallajollu gundrani, andaakaara, deerghachaturasraakaara ledhaa ashtabhujakaramlo undevi. addaalanu anubandhamgaa chudatam praarambhinchae varaku vividha akaaraalu kriyaatmakamainavi kante soundaryaparamgaa marinta aahladakaramgaa undevigaa parichayam cheyabaddaayi.
charitra.
puurvagaamulu.
greeku mariyu roman kaalamlo drushya sahaya parikaraala vaadakaaniki chellacheduruga aadharalu unnaayi, mukhyamgaa pliny dhi elder paerkonnatlugaa chakravarthy neero pacchanu upayoginchadam.
vistarinchina/peddadi chesina chitraanni roopondinchadaaniki kumbhakara katakam vadakam bahusha tolemy yokka "optics" loe vivarinchabadindi (idhi paelavamaina arabic anuvaadamlo matrame manugada saagistundi). katkamula gurinchi tolemy yokka vivarananu ibn sahl (10va sataabdam) mariyu mukhyamgaa alhazen ("book off optics", c. 1021). tolemy yokka "optics" mariyu alhazen yokka latin anuvaadaalu 12va sataabdamloo airopalo andubaatulo vachayi, idhi "reeding stones" abhivruddhitho samanamga undhi.
uttara geetha raajavamsam (960-1127) samayamlo chainaalo single lens bhootaddasalu upayoginchabadutunnaayani vaadanalu unnaayi.
1220 mariyu 1235 madhya vraayabadina robbert grasseteste yokka grandham "dii iride" ("indradhanassu meeda"), "nammasakyam kaani dooraalalo atichinna aksharaalanu chadavadaaniki" opticsnu upayoginchadam gurinchi prastaavinchindi. konni samvatsaraala taruvaata 1262loe, roser bekan katkamula bhootatva lakshanaalapai kooda vraasinatlu telisindi.
modati kallajolla abhivruddhi 13va sataabdam rendava bhaagamlo uttara italeelo jarigindi.
optical lensla abhivruddhiki bhinnamgaa, konni samskrutulu etuvanti diddubaatu lakshanaalu lekunda kanti rakshana kosam "sunn glasses" nuu abhivruddhi chesaayi.
udaaharanaku, 12va sataabdapu chainaalo pogagala quartz yokka chadunaina palakalu upayoginchabaddaayi, mariyu inuit kanti rakshana kosam manchu gagulsnu upayoginchaayi.
aavishkarana.
optical prayojanaala kosam katakamulanu upayoginchadampai mottamodati namodu chesina vyakhya 1268loe rogar bekan chae cheyabadindi.
modati kallajollu madhya italeelo, bahusha pisaalo, sumaru 1290 natiki tayaaru cheyabadindani anchanaa veyabadindihi 23 fibravari 1306naa icchina oka upanyaasamlo, dominican frear giordano daa pisa (-1311) ilaa vraasaadu, "manchi drushtini kaliginche kallajollanu tayaaru chese kala kanugonabadi inca iravai samvatsaraalu kaaledu... mariyu idhi chaalaa takkuva samayam, eee kotta kala, munupennadoo unikilo ledhu, kanugonabadindi. ... neenu modata daanini kanugoni, sadhana chesina vyaktini chushanu, neenu athanitho matladanu."
giordano sahodyogi frear alessandro della spina off pisa (mama. 1313) tvaralo kallajollanu tayaaru cheyabotondi. seyint yokka dominican matham yokka puraatana charitra. pisa "recordulalo catherine" kallajollanu modata marokaru tayaaru chesi, vaatini panchukoovadaaniki ishtapadani vaaru, athanu [spina] vaatini tayaaru chesi, santoshakaramaina mariyu ishtapuurvaka hrudayamtho andaritho panchukunnadu."mukhyamgaa murano vadda tayaaru chesina adhika-naanhyata gala gaajunu upayoginchadam valla venis twaragaa tayaareeki mukhyamaina kendramgaa maarindi. 1301 natiki, kallajolla ammakalanu niyantrinche sangha niyamaalu venislo undevi mariyu 1320loe venetian kalakhandala tayaareedaarula pratyeka sanghaanni erpaatu chesaaru. padnaalugo sataabdamloo, avi chaalaa saadhaarana vastuvulu francesco petrarca thana oka lekhalo, tanaku 60 samvatsaraala vayassu vachhe varaku, tanaku addaalu avasaram ledani, franco sachetty thana "tresentonovelle" loe tarachugaa vaatini prastaavinchaaru.
kallajolla vaadakaaniki mottamodati chitra sakshyam tomaso daa modena yokka 1352 chitram, oka scriptoriumlo cardinal hyoog dii provence patanam. 1403loe germanyloni chedu wildungen charchi yokka balipeetam loe alps parvata shrenulaku uttaraana kanipinche kallajolla yokka chitrana maroka prarambha udaaharana. eee prarambha addaalalo hyperopia (dooradrushti) mariyu saadhaaranamgaa vruddhaapya lakshanamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna presbiopia rendintinee saricheyagala kumbhakara katakamulu undevi. myopia (sameepa drushti) kosam putaakaara katakamulu 15va sataabdam madhyalo modatisaari kanipinchinappatikii, 1604 varaku johannes kepler kumbhakara mariyu putaakaara katakamulu presbiopia mariyu myopianu enduku saricheyagalavu anedaaniki modati saraina vivarananu prachurinchaledu.
addaala kosam prarambha framelalo rendu bhootaddasalu undevi, avi mukkunu pattukogalige vidhamgaa handles dwara kalisi tippabadi undevi. veetini "revate glassacles" anie pilustaaru. manugadalo unna mottamodati udaaharanalu germanyloni selle sameepamloni convent ayina closter weinhousen vadda floorboardula kinda kanugonabaddayi; avi sumaru 1400 nativi.
kalladdaala kosam prapanchamlooni mottamodati specialist shop-eee roeju manam oka opticianga pariganinchagalamu-1466loe strasbourg (appati pavitra roman saamrajyam, ippudu france) loe praarambhinchabadindi.
itara vaadanalu.
florensku chendina salvino degli armati 13va sataabdamloo kallajollanu kanugonnadani francesco redi chesina 17va sataabdapu vaadana tappugaa bahirgatamaindi.
marco pooloo 13va sataabdamloo chainaalo thana prayaanaala samayamlo kallajollanu edurkonnatlu porapaatuna cheppabadindi. ayithe, athani vruttaamtaalaloo alanti aadharalu kanipinchavu. vaastavaaniki, chainaalo kallajolla gurinchi mottamodati prastaavana 15va sataabdamloo sambhavistundi mariyu aaa chainees muulaalu kallajollanu digumati chesukunnayani perkonnaayi.
1907loe professor berthold laffer thana addaala charitralo, chaina mariyu airopa saahityamlo daadaapu adhe samayamlo addaalu prastaavinchabadataayani oohinchaaru, avi swatantramgaa kanugonabadaledani, turklanu thosipuchina taruvaata, bharatadesanni oka pradaesamgaa pratipaadinchaaru. edemaina, asealo munupati aavishkaranaku ghanata ivvadaaniki "paakshikamgaa" upayoginchina chainees manuscript lafarlo addaala prastaavana aaa manuscript yokka paatha samskaranallo ledani, taruvaati samskaranallo vaati prastaavana ming raajavamsam samayamlo jodinchabadindani joseph needham oohinchaaru.
1971loe, rishi agarwal, "british journal off ophthalmology" loe oka vyaasamlo, 1520laloe vyaasateerthamlo oka jatha addaalu unnatlu gamaninchinatlu paerkonnaadu, anduvalla, hinduu ganitam mariyu puraatana hinduu shastravaidyudu susruta yokka netrasastra rachanala maadirigaane, arabbula dwara katkamula vadakam airopaku cherukune avakaasam undani, conny italeelo kallajolla unikini sthaapinchina tarvaata anni teedeelu ivvabaddaayi, veetilo italii nundi madhyapraachyaaniki 24,000 glassula varaku pedda kappulatho, alaage 1466loe strasbergloni oka kallajolla aushadhaalayam kooda unnaayi.
taruvaata parinaamaalu.
myopia mariyu presbiopia rendintinee kaligi unna american shaastravetta benzin franklin biphocalsnu kanugonnaru. eee aavishkaranalo itarulu aayanaku mundu undavacchani suuchimchadaaniki charitrakaarulu eppatikappudu aadhaaraalanu samarpinchaaru; ayithe, georg watley mariyu "dhi gazit off dhi united states" sampadakudu zaan fennola madhya jarigina oka samachara marpidi, franklin nijamgaa biphocalsnu kanugonnadani, bahusha modata bhaavinchina daanikante 50 samvatsaraala mundu anie suuchimchimdi. astigmatismnu saricheyadaaniki modati katakamulanu 1825loe british khagola shaastravetta georg airee roopondinchaaru.
kalakramena, addaala kosam framela nirmaanam kooda abhivruddhi chendindi. prarambha kantiporalu chethitho pattukunela ledhaa mukkupai ottidi ("pins-nez") cheyadam dwara roopondinchabaddaayi. dharinchinavaari talapaiki vellina ribbon dwara kallajollanu pattukovachani girolamo savonarola suuchimchaaru, idhi topi baruvu dwara bhadraparachabadutundi. chevula meedugaa vellae devalayalu pattukunna aadhunika shaili addaalu, 1727 kii kontakaalam mundu, bahusha british optitian edward scarlett chetha abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. ayithe, eee namuunaalu ventane vijayavantam kaaledu, mariyu "kattera-gaajulu" mariyu largnetlu vanti jatacheyabadina handlesto kuudina vividha sailulu kooda 18va sataabdam rendava sagam nundi 19va sataabdam prarambham varaku fashionga undevi.
20va sataabdam praarambhamlo, moritz vaan rohr mariyu jees (hetch sahayamtho. boegold mariyu eah. sonfeld) chaalaa samvatsaraalu kalladdaalu lens rangamlo aadhipatyam chelaayinchina jees panktal golaakaara point-phocus lenslanu abhivruddhi chesaaru. 2008loe, joshuva sylver sardubaatu cheyagala diddubaatu addaalatoe kalladdaalanu roopondinchindi. silicon draavanaanni flexible lensloki pump cheyadaaniki antarnirmita siranjini upayoginchadam dwara avi panicheestaayi.
contact lensulu mariyu lazer diddubaatu kanti shastrachikitsaku prajaadarana perugutunnappatiki, addaalu chaalaa saadhaaranam, endukante vaati saanketikata merugupadindi. udaaharanaku, pratyeka memory metal misramaalato chesina framelanu konugolu cheyadam ippudu saadhyamavutundi, avi vangi unna tarvaata vaati saraina akaaraaniki tirigi vastaayi. itara framelu spring-load atukulanu kaligi untaayi. eee designlalo edainaa rojuvaaree dustulu dharinchadam mariyu appudappudu pramaadaaniki gurayye ottillanu thattukogala merugaina saamarthyaanni andistundi. aadhunika framelu kooda tarachugaa titanium mishramaala vanti balamaina, telikapati padaarthaalatho tayaaru cheyabadataayi, ivi munupati kaalamlo andubaatulo laevu.
fyaashan loe.
1930laloe, "kalladdaalu" nuu "vaidya upakaranaalu" gaa varninchaaru. kalladdaalu dharinchadam konnisaarlu samajikamga avamanakaramga pariganinchabadindi. 1970laloe, tayaareedaarula dwara aadhunika addaalu andubaatulo ravadam praarambhinchaayi, mariyu prabhutvaalu kooda saileekruta kalladdaala kosam demandnu gurtinchaayi.
kalladdaalu vanti vaikalyam kosam parikaraalu saampradayakamgaa charmaniki vyatiraekamgaa mabhyapettadaaniki mariyu kanipinchakundaa saamarthyaanni punaruddharinchadaaniki elaa roopondinchabaddaayo graham pullin vivaristundi. gatamlo, vaikalyam kosam roopakalpana "oka chitraanni assalu pradarsinchakundaa undataaniki prayatninchadam gurinchi saanukuula chitraanni pradarsinchadam gurinchi takkuvagaa undhi". pulin kalladdaala udaaharananu upayogistundi, saampradayakamgaa "rogulaku" vaidya parikaramgaa vargeekarinchabadindi, mariyu vaatini ippudu kalladdaalugaa elaa varninchaalo vivaristundihi oka aadhunika anubandham. itara fyaashan designlu mariyu upakaranaala maadirigaane, kalladdaalanu designerlu srushtistaaru, prasiddha lebullanu kaligi untaaru mariyu season mariyu designer dwara sekaranalalo vastaayi. iteevali samvatsaraalalo, viniyogadaarulu fyaashan anubandhamgaa prescription kaani katakamulatho kalladdaalanu konugolu cheyadam sarvasaadhaaranam ayyindi.
samajam mariyu samskruti.
market.
kalladdaala market atyanta asthiramaina demand kaligi unnatlu vargeekarinchabadindi. udaaharanaku, united stateslo prakatanala parimitulu adhika dharalatho paraspara sambandham kaligi unnaayi, prakatanalu kallajollanu marinta dhara-pootiitatvamtoe tayaaru chestayani suuchistunnaayi. luxotica vishayamlo maadirigaane idhi guttadhipatya potidaarugaa kooda perkonabadindi.
taginanta swechhaa market pootii framela dharalanu penchutundani vaadanalu unnaayi, dheeni sagatu dhara $25-$50 yuu.ess. cheyadaaniki, united stateslo sagatu retail dhara $300. eee vaadananu parisramalooni kondaru vyatiraekistunnaaru.
punahpampinii.
simhaala clubbulu antarjaateeya vanti konni samsthalu, drushti, gowravam kosam ekam avtayi, mariyu avasaramaina vaariki kotta kallu takkuva aadaayam ledhaa aadaayam laeni vyaktulaku addaalu mariyu sunn glasses viraalamgaa ivvadaaniki oka marganni andistaayi. uint 200,000 jatalaku paiga tirigi pampinhee chesindi.
fyaashan.
paina perkonna kaaranaala valla chaalaa mandiki addaalu avasaram avtayi. vividha kalayikalalo upayoginchagala framelu mariyu lensla roopakalpana chesetappudu upayoginchagala aneka akaaraalu, rangulu mariyu padaarthaalu unnaayi. tarachugaa, frame yokka empika dharinchevaari roopaanni elaa prabhaavitam chestundi anae daani aadhaaramgaa cheyabadutundi. manchi sahaja kanti chuupu unna kondaru vyaktulu shaili anubandhamgaa kallajollanu dharinchadaaniki ishtapadataaru. japaanlo konni companylu mahilalu addaalu dharinchadaanni nishedhinchaayi.
vyaktigata chitram.
vaari charitralo chaalaa varaku, kallajollanu fyaashan laenivigaa bhaavinchaaru, mariyu aneka sambhaavya pratikuula ardhaalanu kaligi undevi kallajollanu dharinchadam valla vyaktulu kalankam mariyu pavitra matacharyuluga moosapoyaaru, endukante mataparamaina vruttiloo unnavaaru aksharaasyulu kaavacchu, anduvalla chadavadaaniki addaalu, vruddhulu ledhaa saareerakamgaa balaheenamaina mariyu nishkriyaatmakamaina avasaram ekkuvagaa untundi. U loe kalankam taggadam praarambhinchindi.ess. 1900la praarambhamlo pramukha theodor roosvelt kramam tappakunda kallajodu dharinchi chaayaachitraalu teesinappudu, mariyu 1910laloe pramukha hasyanatudu harrold lloyd thana chitraalalo "addaalu" paatragaa oka jatha kommu-anchugala addaalanu dharinchinappudu.
united kingdamlo, 1928loe neville cardus vraasina daani prakaram, pantommidava sataabdamloo addaalu dharinchadam "balaheenamaina mariyu molecodyl yokka khachitamaina sanketam" gaa varninchabadindi. 1897loe thana drushti ksheeninchina taruvaata "nirantaram" addaalu dharinchi aadina modati professional cricketer "tim" killick. vaari sahayamtho athanu aall round saamardhyaala kaligina aangla nipunulalo tananu taanu mundanjalo unchaadu."kalladdaalato badhapaduthunna american tenar zaan peers, pratyaksha television mariyu rangasthala prekshakula mundu kallajollanu dharinchadaanni saadhaaraneekarinchinanduku mariyu prachuryam pondinanduku hasyanatudu steve allenku ghanata icchaaru; dheeniki mundu, prarambha televisionlo chadive pradarsakulu contact lenslanu upayoginchaalani ledhaa upayoginchaalani bhaavinchevaaru.
appati nundi, kallajollu aamodayogyamaina fyaashan vastuvugaa marai mariyu tarachugaa vyaktula vyaktigata pratishtalo keelaka bhaagamgaa panicheestaayi. sangeetakaarulu buddy haalii mariyu zaan lennon vaaru dharinche kallajolla sailulaku paryaayapadamgaa maararu, mandapati, nalla kommu-anchugala addaalanu tarachugaa "buddy haalii glasses" anie pilustaaru mariyu "zaan lennon glasses" (ledhaa, iteevala, "harry patter glasses") anie piluvabade sampoorna gundrani lohapu kallajolla framelu. british haasya natudu eric saiks united kingdamlo mandapati, chadarapu, kommu-anchugala addaalu dharinchadaaniki prasiddhi chendaaru, ivi vaastavaaniki vinikidi sahayamga undevi, ivi athani chevititanaanni tagginchi, kampanaalanu "vinadaniki" anumatinchaayi. kontamandi pramukhulu tama kallajollatho entha anubandham kaligi unnaro, vaaru drushti samasyalaku vyatiraekamgaa itara charyalu teesukunna tarvaata kooda vaatini dharinchadam konasagincharuh yuu.ess. senator baarii goldwater mariyu hasyanatudu dra kaarii varusaga parichayala kosam amarchina taruvaata mariyu lazer kanti shastrachikitsa cheyinchukunna tarvaata prescription kaani addaalanu dharinchadam konasaaginchaaru.
itara pramukhulu taamu poeshinchae paatrala nundi tamanu taamu vaeru chesukovadaniki addaalanu upayoginchaaru, sope opera "pattaabhisheka veedhi" loe 1980la taraha gundrani kommu-anchugala addaalanu deardrey barloga dharinchina anae kirkbride; mariyu masaharu morimoto, chefga thana vruttiparamaina vyaktitvaanni iron cheff japanesga thana rangasthala vyaktitvam nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki addaalu dharistaaru. 2012loe, kontamandi nba aatagaallu aata anantara interviewlalo horn-rimmed glasses vanti mandapati plaastik framelatho lensless glasses dharinchaaru-geek chick, idhi natudu jaleel white yokka tv paatra steve urkelga aprasiddha stylingtho polchabadutundi.
suupar heero kalpanalo, kallajollu vividha nayakula musugula maaruveshaalalo oka praamaanika bhaagamgaa marai, vaaru tama suupar heero vyaktitvamlo lenappudu varninchaleni pravartananu avalambinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundihi superman 1950la taraha horn-rimmed glassessnu clark kentga dharinchadaaniki prasiddhi chendaadu, ayithe aascharyakaramaina streelu gundrani, harrold lloyd-shaili glasses ledhaa 1970la taraha bugg-ii glassessnu diana prinsga dharistaaru. addaalu dharinche vaaru telivainavaarane moosa paddhatiloo haalo prabhaavaaniki oka udaaharana kanipistundi. eee nammakam addaalu dharinche vyaktulaku saanukuula parinaamaalanu kaligistundi, udaaharanaku ennikalaloo. kaneesam paaschaatya samskrutulalo, addaalu dharinchadam raajakeeya nayakula ennikala vijayanni penchutundani adhyayanalu chuupistunnaayi.
sailulu.
20va sataabdamloo, kallajollu fyaashanlo oka bhaagamgaa pariganinchabaddaayi; anduvalla, vividha sailulu prajaadarana pondaayi mariyu bayataku vachayi. chaalaa varaku ippatikee kramam tappakunda upayogamlo unnaayi, ayithe vividha sthaayilalo frequencytho unnaayi.

