torovirus

torovirus anedi "nedovirals" mariyu "tobaniviridae" kutumbamlo kappabadina, positive-strand rna vairasla jaathi. ivi pradhanamgaa sakasherukaalaku, mukhyamgaa pasuvulaku, pandulaku mariyu gurralaku sokutayi. eee jaatiki sambandhinchina vyaadhulalo gastroenteritis unnaayi, idhi saadhaaranamgaa ksheeradaalalo kanipistundi. "torovirus" anedi monotypic upakutumbamaina torovirinelo unna ekaika jaathi. "torovirus" anedi kooda oka ekaroopa vargeekarana, idhi renitovirus anae oke oka upajaatini kaligi untundi.
modati torovirus aavishkarana 1970la naatidigaa gurtinchavacchu. teevramaina atisaaraanni edurkontunna gurram nundi mala namoonaalo gurrapu torovirus (etov) anukokunda kanugonabadindi. kanugonabadindi breadaloni oka paadi polamlo daryaaptu chestunnappudu 'breda' bovin torovirus kanugonabadindi. vaariki nelala tarabadi teevramaina virechanaalanu edurkontunna aneka dhoodalu unnaayi. kanugonabaddayi, gastroenteritis unna maanava rogulalo electron microscope (emm) saanketikatato torovirus lanty kanaalu kanugonabaddayi.
virology.
nirmaanam.
toroviruslu (tii. oo. vii) anevi oke-stranded aarr. enn. yea. vairaslu, ivi peplomer-baring envalap kaligi untaayi, ivi tarachugaa pasuvulalo mariyu bahusha maanavulalo enteric infectionlatho sambandham kaligi untaayi. eee vairaslu prapanchavyaaptamgaa sambhavistunnatlu kanipistaayi, eurup, americas, newzealand mariyu dakshinaafrikaa vanti vividha khandala nundi toves sambhavinchinatlu nivedinchabadindi. torovirus kanaalu saadhaaranamgaa oka bolu sthuupaakaara aakaaramlo chuttabadina oka helical mariyu cemetrical nucleocapsidnu kaligi untaayi. vyaasam sumaru 23 nm, sagatu podavu 104 nm, ikkada prati malupu chakram 4.5 nm viramalalo untundi.
toves pleomarphic, parimaanam 100 nm nundi 150 nm varaku untundi, capsid nundi club lanty perugudhala vistarinchi untaayi. helical cemetrytho donut aakaaramlo unde nucleocopsid kooda "toroviruslalo" kanugonabadindi. torovirusla" vividha jaatulalo, eekwain torovirus (etov) nuu matrame sell culture maadhyamamlo penchavacchu, dheeni kaaranamgaa etovlanu chaalaa vistrutamgaa adhyayanam chesaaru. bovin toroviruses (bii. tii. oo. vii) pegu kanaala yokka immunofluorescence adhyayanalu mariyu padanirmaana shaastram nundi vacchina samacharam etoves mariyu bii. tii. oo. vii la madhya saaruupyatalanu choopinchindi.
"torovirus" sambandhita coronaviridae kutumbaaniki chendina sabhyulatho konni saadhaarana lakshanaalanu panchukuntundi, endukante avi gundrani, pleomarphic, 120 nundi 140 nm vyaasam kaligina kappabadina vairaslu.
janyuvu.
toroviruslu oke-stranded, positive-sense rna yokka oke mukkanu kaligi untaayi. mottam podavu sumaruga 25-30 kb mariyu avi upa janyuparamaina mrna, ribosomal frame shifting mariyu polymerase nattigaa matladatam vanti sanklishtamaina replication mechanismlanu kaligi untaayi. bovin torovirus yokka janyu podavu sumaru 28.5 kb, idhi pradhanamgaa oka janyuvu, replicase janyuvu (20.2 kb) thoo koodi untundi. eee janyuvu rendu open reeding framelanu kaligi untundi, framelu mariyu mariyu, ivi proteinlanu proteinlanu mariyu mariyu encode chestaayi. chestaayi chainaalooni shangailo pitov (porsin torovirus) yokka modati janyu kramam jarigindi. porsin torovirus yokka janyu podavu 28301 bipiga kanugonabadindi mariyu bovin torovirus janyuvutho 79 saatam krama gurtimpunu kaligi undhi.
jeevita chakram.
pasuvulu, pandhi mariyu gurram toroviruslaku sahaja hostga panicheestaayi mariyu sankramana mala-noti maargam dwara untundani bhaavistunnaaru.
torovirus janyuvu spikelu (luu), membrane proteins (m), haemaaglutinin-esterase (hii) mariyu nucleocopsid (enn) vanti vividha nirmaanaatmaka proteinlaku encode chestundi, idhi vaariki sankramanaku avasaramaina nirmaanaatmaka lakshanaalanu andistundi mariyu vaari jeevita chakranni puurti chestundi. modati moodu protein coding praantaalu bev jaatulalo tolaginchabadataayi, ivi kana samskrutilo peragadaaniki veelu kalpistaayi, ayithe itara jaatulu kana samskrutilo peragalevu. torovirus janyuvulo prarambha moodinta rendu vantula bhaagamlo rendu open reeding framelu, framelu mariyu mariyu untaayi. rna dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) mariyu virus yokka transcription mariyu anuvaadaaniki avasaramaina helicase (hell) vanti enjaimla kosam encode chese domaine domaine chuttumudutundi.
torovirusla jeevita chakramlo sokina atitheya kanam lopala pratiroopam untundi. eee vairaslu pradhanamgaa cytoplasmloni golgi systerne yokka lumenloki molakettutaayi. etov golgi upakaranam yokka vividha bhagalalo mariyu bahya kana praantaalalo kooda chudavachu. bahya kana praantamloo eee vairasla nucleocopsids lakshanaala torus aakaraanni kaligi untaayi, ayithe eee nucleocopsids host kanaaniki molakettadaaniki mundu raad aakaaramlo untaayi, idhi virus yokka paripakvata dasalo jarugutunna konni padanirmaana maarpulanu suuchistumdi. antekakunda, bitov mariyu etov yokka nucleocopsids kooda sokina kanam yokka kendrakamlo perukupotayi.
clinical sankethaalu mariyu rooga nirdhaarana.
pasuvulalo, eee vyaadhi atisaaram mariyu pyrexia, alasata mariyu anorexia vanti daihika sankethaalaku kaaranamavutundi. doodalalo, idhi naraala sankethaalaku kaaranamai konni sandarbhaallo maranaaniki daariteeyavachchu.
clinical namoonaalalo torovirus sankramanaku aneka roganirdhaarana paddhatulu ippudu haemaglutination (hechae), enjaim-linked immunosarbent asse (elissa), emmune electron microscopy, haemaglutination-inhibition testlu (hechae/hetchie) mariyu nucleic assid hybridisation vanti andubaatulo unnaayi. manavulaku sokina ekkuvagaa torovirus bahusha brv ledhaa biivitoe daggari sambandham kaligi untundi mariyu konni enteric vyaadhi ledhaa sankramana yokka munupati charithratho sambandham kaligi untundi. serological vislaeshanhala kante paramaanu paddhatulu marinta asajanakamga pariganhinchabadataaniki kooda idhe kaaranam.
saareerakamgaa kanipinche sankethaalu mariyu lakshanaalanu chupinchakunda pandulaku vyaadhi sokavachu.
viral sankramana nirdhaaranalo electron microscopy, elissa ledhaa haemaglutination nirodham untaayi.
chikitsa mariyu niyantrana.
nirjaleekaranam mariyu dviteeya antuvyaadhulanu nivaarinchadaaniki sahayaka chikitsa ivvavacchu.
niyantrana anedi takshanam verucheyadam mariyu praamganaanni krimisamhaarakato sahaa manchi jeeva bhadrata charyalapai aadharapadi untundi.
torovirus infections saadhaaranamgaa teevramaina virechanaalato sambandham kaligi untaayi kabatti, idhi tarachugaa nirjaleekaranaaniki daariteestundi. atyanta saadhaarana chikitsalo yuva rogulaku drava chikitsalu ivvadam untundi, endukante sankramana anedi yuva maanava janabhalo alaage pasuvulalo chaalaa saadhaaranam. torovirus sankramana niyantrana kosam atuvanti nirdishta nivaarana charyalu laevu. manchi parisubhrata mariyu jeeva bhadrata paddhatulu torovirus sankramana nivaaranaloo prabhaavavantamgaa untaayi. antekakunda, pratirakshakaalu kaligina colostrumnu rojuku 500 millilitres anchanaa motaadu unna rogulaku ivvavacchu.
virus muulam pasuvulalo enteric vyaadhiki sambandhinchinadi kabatti ekkuvagaa parisoedhinchabadina sankramana yokka sahaja course pasuvulalo jarugutundi. pasuvula sankramanaku sambandhinchina oka prayogamlo virus saadhaaranamgaa sampradaaya paristhitulalo vyaapistundani phalitaalu vachayi. doodalalo prarambha lakshanaalu sankramana jarigina modati 2 nundi 3 rojullo atisaaram abhivruddhi chendadaanni choopinchaayi. chaalaa doodalaku telikapati nirjaleekaranam undhi mariyu konnintiki telikapati jwaram vachindi. ayithe, yea kesulaku etuvanti chikitsa jokyam avasaram ledhu mariyu saadhaaranamgaa vyaadhi sokina dhoodala aahaaramlo maarpulatoe chikitsa cheyabadataayi.
(vanopdenbosh mariyu itarulu) chesina chesina oka adhyayananni prachurinchindi, torovirus swaasakosha antuvyaadhulu pradhanamgaa jeevitam yokka modati nelaloo mariyu saradrutuvu season garishtamgaa 4 nundi 6 nelala vayassu nundi udbhavistaayi. aaa infectionlantilo, sumaru 25 saatam infections aakasmika maranaaniki daariteestaayi. atisaaram, pneumonia mariyu swaasakosha samasyalu vanti itara kaaranaalatoo paatu, konni yaadruchchika sandarbhaallo kendra naadii vyavastha sambandhita lakshanaalu kooda nivedinchabaddaayi.
torovirus sokina chinna doodalaku fluid therapylu ivvaalsina avasaram undani adhyayanalu velladistunnaayi, endukante vaari sareeramlo jalubu sankramana samayamlo teevramaina nirjaleekaranaanni edurkontundi. ayithe, adanapu infections lekapothe, peddalu etuvanti bahya chikitsa lekunda vaari roganirodhaka pratispandana dwara kolukuntaru. krimisamhaarakam mariyu ushna sterilization vairasnu sulabhamgaa naasanam cheyagaladani chaalaa mandhi parisoedhakulu suuchistunnaaru, ayithe atuvanti phalitaala gurinchi shaastreeya samacharam ledhaa nivedikalu ippativaraku andubaatulo laevu.
maanava torovirus.
kanugonabaddayi, gastroenteritis ledhaa teevramaina virechanaalato badhapaduthunna maanava rogulalo torovirus vanti kanaalu gamaninchabaddaayi. aaa taruvaata prapanchamlooni vividha praantaala nundi aneka cases studies udbhavinchadam praarambhinchaayi. america, france, netherlands, kenada, grate britton, bharatadesam mariyu brazil nundi shaastreeya adhyayanaalalo torovirus vanti kanaalu (tovl) nivedinchabaddaayi.
towal uniki pradhanamgaa teevramaina atisaaram unna pillalu mariyu peddalalo nivedinchabadindi. maanava torovirus (hatvi) anae padaanni tarachugaa tovl kanaalanu vivarinchadaaniki upayogistaaru.
gudise mariyu botivilo chaalaa saaruupyata unnanduna, rendu jaatula gurtinchadam mariyu bhedam cheyadamlo konni pramaanaalu anusarinchabadataayi.
torovirus mariyu daani vyaadhikaarakatanu vivarinchadaaniki gatamlo aneka adhyayanalu jarigaayi. pillalatho paatu peddalalo vividha pegu vyaadhulalo toroviruslu kanugonabaddayi. pareekshinchina 206 kesulalo, sumaru 72 (35 saatam) kesulalo torovirus kanugonabadindani torovirus yokka mala visarjanapai chesina adhyayanam teelchindi. rotavirus ledhaa torovirus dwara sankraminche antuvyaadhulatho poliste, marinta roganirodhaka saktini kolpoyina vyaktulalo toroviruslu ekkuvagaa kanipinchaayi. torovirus infections vaantulu taggadam mariyu raktapaata virechanaalu peragadam dwara vargeekarinchabaddaayi. roganirodhaka vyavastha yokka pratirakshaka pratispandana pradhanamgaa roganirodhaka saktini tagginchani pedda pillalalo abhivruddhi chendindi.
gastroenteritisto paatu, necrotising enterocolitis unna sisuvulalo kooda toroviruslu kanugonabaddayi.> ayithe, adhe adhyayanamlo, torovirusku pratikuulamgaa pareekshinchina rogulatho poliste torovirus unna rogulalo anaaroogyam mariyu maranaala teevrata peddagaa prabhaavitam kaaledu.
antigenic lakshanaalu mariyu vyaadhikaarakata.
bovin toroviruslu pradhanamgaa rendu ververu serotypelanu kaligi untaayani pratipaadinchabadindih bovin torovirus serotype 1 (botvi-1) mariyu bovin torovirus serotype 2 (botvi-2).
botvi yokka rendu serotypelu elukalu mariyu elukala nundi vachhe erithrosaitlatho pratispandinche hemaglutininnu kaligi untaayi, conny maanava erithrosaitlatho kaadu. 90 nimishala tarvaata 36°sea vadda eluka erythrocytes nundi botvi bayataku velladu. bovin torovirus yokka rendu serotypelu saadhaaranamgaa elukalalo erra rakta kanaalatoe pratispandinche hemaglutinin kaligi untaayi. maanava erithrosaitlatho pratispandananu ippativaraku etuvanti aadharalu soochinchaledu.
ayinappatikee, aneka iteevali adhyayanalu maanavulalo aneka itara enteric infections, virechanaalu mariyu gastroenteritis vanti paristhithulatho sambandham unna torovirus unikini velladinchaayi.
virus atisaaraanni prerepinche khachitamaina vidhanam prastutam teliyadu, ayithe idhi chinna pregu mariyu villie crypts looni kanaala sankramana mariyu maranam, alaage pedda pregulaloni uparitala crypt enterocytes kaaranamgaa undavacchani adhyayanalu velladistunnaayi. peddapreguloni kanaalu neeti shoshananu tagginchadaaniki daariteese peddapregulo gayalu kaaranamgaa neeti virechanaalu undavacchani kooda chebutaaru.
torovirus uniki yokka vyaadhikaarakata vistrutamgaa adhyayanam cheyabadindi mariyu bovin jaatulalo, mukhyamgaa 4 nundi 6 nelala vayassu gala prarambha dasalo doodalalo anveshinchabadindi.
boat vii nuu noti dwara ledhaa nasika dwara teekaalu vesina tarvaata, idhi villie yokka epithelial kanaalaku sokutundi, aapai jejunam, iliyam mariyu peddapregu yokka guptabhagalalo pedda pregu vanti jeerna vyavastha yokka bhagalaku vistaristundi. idhi chivariki 24-72 gantala infection thoo atisaaraaniki daariteestundi.
chinna pregulaloni peeyar yokka pyaach yokka gut-sambandhita lymphoid kanajaalamlo unde gopuram epithelial kanaalu mariyu microfold kanaalalo kooda bitov yokka antigenlu nivedinchabaddaayi.
kontamandi parisoedhakulu bii. tii. oo. vii. shoshaka enterocytelanu matrame sokutundani suuchistunnaaru. ayithe, viral replication anedi crypts yokka aparipakva epithelial kanaalalo praarambhamai, villiki marinta vyaapti chendavachani kooda parisoedhakulu suuchistunnaaru.
charitra.
modati torovirus aavishkarana 1970la naatidigaa gurtinchavacchu. teevramaina atisaaram unna gurram nundi mala namoonaalo gurrapu torovirus (etov) anukokunda kanugonabadindi. kanugonabadindi breadaloni oka paadi polamlo daryaaptu chestunnappudu 'breda' bovin torovirus kanugonabadindi. vaariki nelala tarabadi teevramaina virechanaalato badhapaduthunna aneka dhoodalu undevi. kanugonabaddayi, gastroenteritis unna maanava rogulalo electron microscope (emm) saanketikatato torovirus lanty kanaalu kanugonabaddayi.
kanugonabaddayi switzerlandloni bernlo gurram nundi oka vairasnu vaeru chesaaru. telisina gurrapu vairaslaku vyatiraekamgaa virus antiseratho pratispandinchaledu mariyu oka pratyaekamaina padanirmaanam mariyu uparitala nirmaanaanni kaligi unnatlu choopabadindi. choopabadindi ayovaloni breadalo dhoodala nundi ilanti, vargeekarinchani virus vaeru cheyabadindi. kanugonabaddayi eee vairaslanu pooli unde kanaalu maanavula malam loe kanugonabaddayi. kanugonabaddayi japaanlooni sendoy loe jarigina vairasla vargeekaranapai jarigina 6va antarjaateeya congresslo kotta vairasla kutumbam-toroviridae-pratipaadinchabadindi. ayithe, eee kutumbam prastutam nedovirals kramamlo "torovirine" upakutumbam thoo tobaniviridae kutumbamgaa ketayinchabadindi.
vargeekarana.
iteevali kaalam varaku, toroviruslaku yea kutumbaanni ketayinchaledu. virus yokka iteevali paramaanu vislaeshanha arterivirus mariyu coronaviruslatho daani saaruupyatalanu velladinchindi, idhi gatamlo monogeneric coronaviridaeloo arterivirusto paatu torovirusnu chaerchadaaniki daariteesindi. prastutam, toroviruslu nedovirals upa kutumbam torovirine, tobaniviridae kutumbamlo cherchabaddaayi. virus yokka vargeekarana vargeekarana kosam saaruupyata, paramaanu mariyu janyu saaruupyatalu, virian kolatalu, pravartanaa sambandhaalu mariyu itara lakshana saaruupyatalu mariyu thedaalanu parisoedhakulu gamaninchaaru. toroviruslalo, bern virus daani itara sabhyulatho poliste paramaanu sthaayilo vistrutamgaa adhyayanam cheyabadindi. cheyabadindi, vairasla vargeekaranapai antarjaateeya kamitee ICTV nirmaanam, pratiruupana pravartana mariyu janyu shrenilo saaruupyatala kaaranamgaa coronavirus kutumbamlo torovirusnu pariganinchadaaniki taginanta daetaanu pondindi.
parinaamam.
toroviruslu, coronaviruslu mariyu arteriviruslu "nedovirals" kramamlo untaayi, ivi vibhajinchani, saanukuula bhaavam kaligina oke ontarigaa chikkukunna janthu vairasla samuuham. vaati janyuvu parimaanamlo thedaalu, vividha host paridhi mariyu vaati replication vyuuhaalu unnappatikee, vividha jaatula kramam nedovirals madhya replicase proteinla krama gurtimpulalo saaruupyatalu vaati saadhaarana puurveekulanu nirdhaaristaayi. coronaviruslu mariyu torovirusla yokka polymerase mariyu helicase domainla krama vislaeshanha mariyu poolika rendu kutumbaalalo oke vidhamaina amaino aamlaalanu velladinchaayi, idhi rendu kutumbaala madhya pedda parinaamaatmaka dooraaniki aadhaaraalanu andistundi.

