
lii jeho

lii jehou (; 13 juun 1930-2 november 2021) tatvasaastram mariyu medho charitraku chendina chainees panditudu. athanu americalo nivasinchaadu. athanu chaina charitra mariyu samskrutiki mukhyamaina aadhunika panditudigaa pariganinchabaddaadu, athani pani 1980laloe chainees ghnaanoodayam anie piluvabade kaalaaniki kendramgaa undhi.
jeevitam.
lii 13 juun 1930naa hunaanlooni ningjiang kounteelooni davolinlo janminchaadu. (maroka saametah athanu hancou nagaramlo janminchaadu, conny athani kutumbam naalugu samvatsaraala vayassulo changshaku maarindi.) athani taata lii chaubin () jeng guffan naayakatvamlo jiang sainyamlo generalga panicheesaaru. tapala karyalayam udyogi ayina athani tandri maroka provincelo anaarogyamtho maraninchaaru. athani talli tavo molan () athani swasthalamaina oka praathamika paatasaalalo upadhyayuralu.
athanu praathamikamgaa ningjiang nem. 4 unnata paatasaala mariyu madhyamika vidyalu hunan modati saadhaarana vishwavidhyaalayamlo chadivaaru. 1954loe pecking vishwavidyaalayam nundi pattabhadrudaina taruvaata, athanu chainees academy off soshal sciences institute off philosophyki pampabaddaadu.
1992loe ayana americaloni kolarado looni boulderku vellaaru.
chainees samskrutilo paatra.
chainees samskrutilo lii paatrapai, prinsetton vishwavidhyaalayaaniki chendina yuu ying-shih ilaa vraasaaru, "(thana) pustakaala dwara athanu communist bhaavajaalam nundi yuva chainees medhaavula mottam taraanni vimukti chesaadu" anie lii swayamgaa raasaaru, "mana yuva taram tatvasastra rangaalaku thodpadaalani korukuntundi mariyu vaaru desham yokka aadhuneekarana yokka saadhaarana lakshyanni cherukovadaniki [kotta maargaala kosam] alaage prapancham yea disalo payanistondi anae prasnaku samadhanam ivvadaaniki savaalunu vetukutunnaaru."
tianonmen squarepy chaina prabhutva pratispandananu vimarsinchevaaru.
1989 tianonmen square nirasanalu mariyu oochakotaku chaina prabhutvam pratispandanapai ayana chesina vimarsala phalitamgaa, ayana moodu samvatsaraala paatu gruha nirbandhamlo unchabaddaaru. gananeeyamaina U nii anusarinchandi.ess. adhikaarika mariyu vidyaaparamaina ottidi kaaranamgaa, chaina prabhutvam 1991loe united statesnu sandarsinchadaaniki leeki anumati ichindi. aaa taruvaata, yuu. ess.ess. prabhutvam aayanaku shaashwata nivasi hodaanu manjuru chesindi. nundi 1992, athanu kolarado kalasalalo niyaamakaalato sahaa aneka vidya padavulanu nirvahinchaaru, michigaon vishwavidyaalayam, wisconsin vishwavidyaalayam, swarthmore kalaasaala mariyu kolarado boulder vishwavidyaalayam.
maanavatvam yokka tatvasaastram.
carle marks vislaeshimchina mariyu pratipaadinchina bhouthika mariyu chaaritraka vaastavaalapai aadhaarapadina maanava tatvaanni prothsahinchadam lii yokka pani yokka pradhana lakshyam, conny idhi vyakti yokka medho, naitika mariyu soundarya saamarthyaala gurinchi emmanuel cont yokka drukpathaaniki kooda maddatu ichindi. thana vislaeshanhaloo oka pradhana amsamgaa, athanu chainees tatvasaastramlooni goppavari aalochananu kooda ponduparichaadu. manavjati gurinchi eee mishrama mariyu praathamikamgaa aasaajanaka drukpatham saamskrutika viplavam samayamlo mariyu taruvaata maanavula abhipraayaalaku viruddhamgaa undhi.
marxist tatvasaastram mariyu raajakeeya siddhaantam gurinchi lii chesina vislaeshanha eee krindi taatvika bhaavanalanu abhivruddhi chesindi
aatmaasrayatvam yokka aacharanaatmaka tatvasaastram.
aatmaasrayatvam yokka aacharanaatmaka tatvasaastram" anedi rendu sthaayilalo maanavuni adhyayanam, prati sthaayi daani swantha antargata adanapu rendu upa-sthaayila vishayaalatoeh 1) saanketika-saamaajika nirmaanam mariyu "saamskrutika-manasika" nirmaanam rendintitho manavjati yokka adhyayanam; mariyu, 2) vyakti yokka adhyayanam, okesari samajam, saamaajika taragati, jaathi modalaina vaatilo sabhyudu., mariyu adhe samayamlo oka pratyaekamaina sareeram mariyu manassu. eee naalugu koonaalu sankarshana chendutaayi mariyu parasparam mudipadi untaayi.
aatmaasrayatvam" yokka eee nirmaanamtho, atyanta praathamika konam saanketika saamaajikam. "maanavulu itara vishayaalatoe tamanu taamu aakraminchukune mundu vaari saareeraka unikini nirdhaarinchukovaali". conny saamskrutika-manasika amsam, aacharam, mataparamaina mariyu bhasha konam maanavulanu jantuvula nundi vaeru chestundi.
motor aalochana.
motaru thinking anedi oka saadhananni upayoginchadam yokka chetana samanvayam. vivaramgaa cheppalante, saadhanaala vadakam anedi sahajamaina jeevasambandhamaina charya kaadu, conny "anubhavam nundi sudeerghakaalam paatu neerchukunna taruvaata saadhinchina mariyu ekikrutam cheyabadinadi". motaru aalochanaa prakriya saadhanaala tayaareepai shraddha chuupadam valla utpannamayye sweeya spruhanu srushtistundi. aadima bhashanu upayoginchi sadhana aadhaarita karyakalapalanu itarulaku prasaram cheyadam, ardha aalochanaku daariteestundihi "chalana aalochana yokka roopaalu kramamga bhasha-aadhaarita aalochana roopaalaku maargam sugamam chesaayi". aadima bhaashatho kalisi, chalana aalochana chivariki "oka samajam anae aspashtamaina, saadhaarana chaitanyam" srushtiki daariteestundi, idhi "shamanik acharalu mariyu vedukala sanketha saadhanalugaa abhivruddhi chendutundi, phalitamgaa aadima maanava samajam sthaapinchabadindi... praathamikamgaa jantuvula kante bhinnamgaa untundi ".
chainees soundaryam mariyu swechchaku sambandham.
chainees soundaryasaastrampai thana abhipraayaalanu sankalanam chese naalugu lakshanaalanu lii gurtinchaadu. sangeetam/aanandam anae bhavana (<unk>: "yuu/lae") chainees samskrutilo kendra sthaanaanni kaligi undhi, "sangeetam aanandam". sangeetam nagarikata prabhavanni kaligi untundi mariyu "maanava bhavodvegalu jantuvula vanti paddhatiloo abhivruddhi chendakunda nirodhistundi". sangeetam "prajalu okaritho okaru manchi sambandhaalanu kaligi undataaniki, samaajamlo samarasyanni pempondinchadaaniki" kaaranamavutundi. sangeetam saralamainadi, kalakramena pravahistundi mariyu bhaavodvegaanni vyaktam chestundi. eee saralata nundi chainees soundaryam yokka rendava lakshanam-chainees kalalo rekha yokka praamukhyata vastundi. emmanuel cont kooda atyuttama soundarya drushya aakruti anie bhaavinchaadani lii gurthu chesukunnaru. (chainees kala bhavodvegam yokka vyakteekarananu kooda nokki chebutundi mariyu laya, padyam mariyu ruchipai pratyeka shraddha chooputundi.) appudu athanu moodava amsaanni vivarinchaadu, idhi bhavana mariyu kaaranam yokka kalayikah "telivaina vaastavikata kante oohaatmaka vaastavikata chaalaa mukhyamainadi."chivaraku, athanu" "swargam mariyu manavjati yokka aikyata" "nuu jabita chesi, daanini" "chainees tatvasaastram yokka praathamika aatma" "gaa varninchaadu"...manavulaku, manavulaku, maanavajaatiki, prakrutiki madhya unna sambandham."appudu athanu swechhanu saadhinchadaaniki" kalalatho tiragadam "chaalaa avasaramani prakatistaadu. ruso suuchimchinatlugaa swechcha swargaaniki pampabadadu ledhaa puttinapudu ivvabadadu. swechcha maanavajaatiche sthaapinchabadindi... "leeki, soundaryam mukhyam!
saampradaaya chainees aalochanalapai prabhavam.
1980la rendava bhaagamlo samakaaleena chainees aalochanalapai kooda lii vimarsalu raasaaru. lii jehou yokka 1987 vyaasam "paaschaatyam anedi padaardham, mariyu chainees anedi anuvartanam kosam", daani talapai sampradaaya samakaaleena chainees aalochanagaa maarindi. paaschaatya abhyasam saanketikatato paatu maarksistutoe sahaa sambhaavita vyavasthalu mariyu tatvaalanu kaligi undani, idhi aadhunika chaina vaastavikataku bahula mariyu vaividhyamaina saanketika saamaajika aadharam anie lii paerkonnaaru. chainees anuvartanam paaschaatya abhyasanni chainees sampradaayaalato sweekarinchaalani, phalitaalanu prabhaavitam cheyaalani conny nirdesinchakudadani lii jehou nirdhaarinchaaru. eee pareeksha samslaeshanha yokka lakshyam thana kante mundu itarulaku praadhaanyata ichhe balam mariyu vaibhavanni naitikatalo kapadukovali; tarka prakriyaloo antar drushti yokka viluvanu kapadukovali mariyu maanavula madhya sambandhaala nirvahanaku sambandhinchi goppa chainees samskrutini kapadali.
ghnaanoodayam mariyu jaateeyavaadam yokka dwandwa vaividhyam" loe, 1919 taruvaata raddu cheyabadina swechcha, swaatantryam, maanava hakkulu mariyu anni chainees sampradaayaalu vanti anni aadhunika bhaavanalanu vislaeshimchi, parisoedhinchaalani lii jehou vaadinchaaru. saapekshamgaa sudeerghakaalam shanti, abhivruddhi chendutunna sreyassu mariyu aadhuneekarana taruvaata, paschima deshaala "raajakeeya-chatta siddhaantam mariyu moodu saktula vibhajana vanti aacharanalo sataabdaala anubhavam" pariseelinchadam dwara chaina prayojanam pondutundani ayana raasaaru. chattam dwara parimitam cheyabadina swechcha anae bhavana balaheenulanu rakshistundani, party adhikarulu chattaniki minchi nilabadataanni nirodhistundani ayana mundhe grahinchaaru.