
kazakhstanlo vyardhaala nirvahana

etaa utpatti ayye billionla tannula paarisraamika vyardhaalu, prastutam saraina sthaayi kante takkuva ghana vyardhaala nirvahana sthithi, kalushya kaarakaala nundi migili unna vishapadaardhaalu mariyu raaketlu mariyu anvaayudhaala kosam ussr yokka pariksha maidanaluga kazakhstan yokka chaaritraka sthaanaanni parigananaloki teesukunte, kazakhstanlo vyardhaala nirvahana desamlo oka mukhyamaina aandolana. kazakhstanlo ghana vyardhaala recycling kosam chaalaa takkuva sevalu unnaayi, mariyu vyardhaala nirvahana prastutam praantiiya kaaryakramaalanu upayoginchi nirvahinchabadutondi. 
kazakhstanloni pradhana vyardhaala nirvahana rangaalu.
paarisraamika vyardhaalu.
pramaadakara vyardhaalu (nirantara sendriya kalushya karakalu (pops), vaidya vyardhaalu modalaina vaatitho sahaa vyardhaala nirantara utpatti mariyu perukupovadam.).
desamlo paarisraamika vyardhaalalo daadaapu moodinta oka vanthu karganda praantamloo perukupoyindi-2012 chivari natiki idhi 8.8 billion tannulaku paiga undhi.
karaganda praantamloo pradhana parimaanamlo udgaaraalu lohasastra golaaniki kaaranamavutaayi mariyu 70 saataaniki samanamga untaayi. idhi rendu pradhana loha companyla vataa-arcelor mittal temirtou jsc mariyu kazakhmis corporation. 2008 nundi 2012 varaku arcelor mittal temirtou udgaara pramaanaalanu paatinchananduku oka billion tenz kante ekkuva jarimana chellinchindi, kazakhmis corporation-300 millionlaku paiga tenz.
2012 phalitaala prakaram 2008 thoo poliste karagandalo mottam udgaralalo anchanaa taggudala 31 saataaniki samanamga undhi. idhi pradhanamgaa kazakhmis corporation yokka anubandha samstha ayina "balkhastswetmet" anae oke samstha yokka paryaavarana parirakshana karyakramam yokka yogyata. 2008loe "balkhashswetmet" sulfuric aamlam aadhaaramgaa utpattini praarambhinchindi. eee charya valla sulfur dioxide udgaaraalu 2008loe 578,000 tannula nundi 2012loe 254,000 tannulaku taggai.
prapanchamlooni itara praantaala maadirigaane kazakhstanlo kooda drava mariyu vaayu rakaala paarisraamika vyardhaalu paryaavarana samsthalaku pradhana aandolana kaligistunnaayi. kazakhstanloni anni samsthala prabhutva niyantrana mariyu niyantranaku paarisraamika vidudalalu mariyu vaayu udgaaraalu praadhaanyatalu. drava mariyu vaayu vyardha utpattula yokka anni vargaala kosam desamlo tanikhi paddhatulu, alaage paryaavarana mariyu aardhika pramaanaalu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. adhe samayamlo, ganula tavvakam, kendrikarana, suddhi mariyu vidyut parisramala dwara utpatti cheyabadina ghana vyardhaalu niyantranalu lekunda desavyaaptamgaa perukupoyayi. idhi ekkuvagaa eee krindi kaaranaala valla sambhavistundihi
bhaarii mottamlo vyardhaalanu utpatti chese velikiteeta mariyu prosessing parisramalapai daani aardhika vyavastha aadharapadatam valla kazakhstanlo ghana vyardhaala perukupovadam samasya pratyeka aandolana kaligistundi. desamlo anni rakaala ghana vyardhaalu sumaru 21 billion tannulu perukupoyayi. daani perugutunna vruddhi samvatsaraaniki 1 billion tannulu (anubandham). chaalaa ghana vyardhaalu karaganda (29.4%), thoorpu kazakhstan (25.7%), kostanai (17.0%) mariyu pavloader (14.6%) oblastlalo nilva cheyabadataayi.
viniyoga vyardhaalu.
ikkada pradhana samasyalu purapalaka ghana vyardhaala nirmaanam mariyu perukupovadam; purapalaka vyardhaala pratyeka sekarana, punaruddharana mariyu recycling yokka prastuta sthithi.
paryaavarana mantritva saakha prakaram, desham 23 billion tannula munisipal ghana vyardhaalanu (emm. ess. doubleu) sekarinchindi. perukupoyina ghana vyardhaala vaarshika perugudala 700 million tannulaku samanam. kevalam 3-5% chettanu matrame recycle chestunnaru. daadaapu 97 saatam bahiranga dump laloe nilva cheyabadutundi.
desamlo atyadhika janabha kaligina nagaramaina almatylo atyadhika mottamlo emm. ess. doubleu kendrikrutamai undhi. gatha edaadilo, nagaramloni vyardhaalu 470 vaela tannula ghana vyardhaalanu sekarinchaayi.
netiki desamlo 4,587 chettha bahubhujalu unnaayi, veetilo 3,927 paryaavarana mariyu aarogya pramaanaalaku anugunamgaa laevu. kevalam 603 bahubhujalu (13 saatam) matrame kontavaraku aarogya pramaanaalaku anugunamgaa untaayi mariyu paryaavaranaaniki udgaaraalaku adhikaram kaligi untaayi.
kalushya rakalu mariyu kaaranaalu.
vaayu kalushyam.
sulfur oxide, natrajani, carbon monoxide mariyu buudida udgaaraala dwara vaataavarana kaalushyaaniki kazakhstanloni vidyut rangam pradhana vanarulalo okati. 1990loe indhana rangam sumaru 23 laksala tannula kalushyanni vidudala chesindi, idhi mottam vaataavarana udgaralalo 35 saatam mariyu sthira vanarula nundi 53 saatam udgaaraalaku kaaranamaindi. 1996loe, sumaru 1 million tannulu ledhaa mottam udgaara parimaanamlo 28 saatam mariyu sthira vanarula nundi 41 saatam udgaaraalu vidudalayyaayi. eee kaalushyamlo ekkuva bhaagam takkuva naanhyata gala boggunu pradhana indhanamgaa upayoginchadam valla mariyu boiler-housela asthira vaayuvula suddeekarana vyavasthalatho paelavamgaa amarchabadina ushna vidyut kendraala valla kooda sambhavistundi.
ushna mariyu vidyut utpatti taggadam valla indhana rangam vidudala chese kalushya kaarakaala parimaanam daadaapu 50 saatam taggindi. ayinappatikee, indhana rangam valla kalige vaataavarana kalushya samasya teevramgaa undhi.
taapana mariyu vidyut utpatti samsthalu, ferrous mariyu naan ferrous metallurgy mariyu chamuru mariyu gyaas rangam nundi kalushya kaarakaala baruvu
nirantara sendriya kalushya kaarakaala dwara kalushyam.
nirantara sendriya kalushya karakalu (pops) rasaayanaala samuuham-paalii-chloride biphenyl vanti paarisraamika padaarthaalu, dichlorodifinyl trichloroethane (ddt) rakam purugumandulu mariyu dioxin rakam haanikaramaina vyardha utpattulu-veetilo vishapuurita lakshanaalu, kullipovadaniki nirodhakata mariyu adhika bioacumulation kaligi untaayi. gaali mariyu neeti dwara sarihaddu badilee phalitamgaa, avi tama udgaara binduvula nundi chaalaa dhooram sthirapadathaayi, neeru mariyu bhoomi paryaavarana vyavasthalalo perukupotayi. kazakhstanlo nirantara sendriya kalushitaala valla kaalushyaaniki pradhana vanarulu vyavasayam mariyu paatha utpatti prakriyalu.
kazakhstanlo upayoginche purugumandulalo ekkuva bhaagam kalupu mokkalu mariyu purugumandulu. gatha rendu dasaabdaallo purugumandula vadakam daadaapu naalugu retlu taggindi. customs kamitee prakaram, 2000loe mottam 5346 million kilola nirantara sendriya kalushitaalu digumati cheyabaddaayi, veetilo 4,026,346 kilola kalupu mokkalu, 64,702 kilola sileendhranaashakaalu, 598,645 kilola purugumandulu, 10,000 kilola defolients mariyu 646,556 kilola itara purugumandulu unnaayi. 2002 modati traimaasikamlo 63 laksala kilola kante ekkuva purugumandulu digumati chesukobaddayi.
adhikaarika samacharam prakaram, anumatinchabadina sammelanaalu matrame kazakhstanku digumati cheyabadataayi.
visha vyardhaala utpattula dwara kalushyam.
desamlo perukupoyina 21 billion tannula paarisraamika vyardhaalalo 5.2 biliyanlu vishapuuritamainavi. 1999loe, visha vyardhaala vaarshika parimaanam 92 million tannulu, veetilo 60 saatam loha parisramala vyardhaalu.
ganatantramlo ganula tavvakam parisrama abhivruddhi bhoomi yokka naanhyata mariyu paristhitini nirnayistundi, rediyodhaarmika nucleidlu, bhaarii lohaalu modalaina visha padaarthaala dwara kalushyanni kaligistundi. ganula tavvakam parisrama 4 billion tannula vyardhaalanu sekarinchindi; saandrata karmagaralu 1.1 billion tannula vyardhaalanu sekarinchaayi mariyu loha parisramalu 105 million tannulanu sekarinchaayi. 
semipalatinsk anhu pariksha maidaanam.
paryaavarana vipattu praantam yokka mottam vaisaalyam 7 million hectorlu, indulo pariksha sthalam yokka bhuubhaagam (18 laksala hectorlu) mariyu atyavasara sthaayi mariyu garishta radiation risk (5.2 laksala hectorlu) praantaalu unnaayi. semipalatinsk pariksha maidaanam (eee praantam yokka mottam vistiirnamloo 88.3%) yokka prabhava mandalamlo sumaru 27.4 laksala hectorla vyavasaya bhoomi namodu cheyabadindi.
fibravari 7,1996naa kazakhstan republic prabhutva uttarvu prakaram semipalatinsk pariksha sthala bhoomulu rijarvu cheyabadina bhuumulugaa marai mariyu atyavasara sthaayi mariyu garishta radiation pramaadam unna praantaalalo unna jillaallo paryaavarana paristhitini meruguparachadaaniki charyalu gurtinchabaddaayi. pariksha sthalamlo puurti aardhika bhuu abhivruddhi yokka kashtam emitante, eee praantamloo radiological diagnostic adhyayanam puurti kaaledu mariyu bhoomula garishtamgaa anumatinchadagina kalushyam yokka nibandhanalu sthaapinchabadaledu. semipalatinsk pariksha sthalamlo kontha bhaganni aardhika viniyogaaniki badilee cheyadam valla, praadhaanyata lakshyam vivaranaatmaka adhyayanalanu nirvahinchadam mariyu eee praantaalalo aardhika karyakalapala surakshita amalupai charyalanu abhivruddhi cheyadam. nidhulu lekapovadam valla ituvanti charyalu inca kaaryaroopam dalchaledu.
semipalatinsk anhu pareeksha bahubhuji (sntp) 1947 augustu 21naa sthaapinchabadindi. paschima kazakhstan, karaganda mariyu pavlodar anae moodu oblastlanu kaligi unna sntp 600 kimmy chuttukolatato 18,500 chadarapu kilometres vistiirnamloo undhi. bahubhuji puurvapu semipalatinsk oblastlo 10,000 chadarapu kilometres vistiirnamloo undhi. 1949 mariyu 1989 madhya kaalamlo anhu pareekshalu jarigaayi, 30 uparitalaalu, 86 gaali mariyu 340 uparitala parikaraalatoe sahaa sumaru 470 vyavasthalu paelaayi. paelulla shakti 17,400,000 tannula trainitrotoluen samanamga cherukundi. praarambhamlo, anhu paeludu vyavasthalu mariyu aayudha namuunaalanu pareekshinchadaaniki, taruvaata aardhika prayojanaala kosam anhu pareekshalu jarigaayi.
eee pareekshala phalitamgaa "anhu sarassu" balapan erpadindi, alaage gaalilo rediyodhaarmika vaayu udgaaraalu, paryaavarana asamatulyata mariyu sntp sait prakkane unna praantaalalo nivasinche prajalaku pratikuula aarogya chikkulu erpaddaayi.
nivedikalu gaama-radiation sthaayilu aneka saarlu pramaanaanni minchipoyayani suuchistunnaayi-1960-1980 loe semiplatinsklo 1,250 mcr/h varaku, idhi nepathya sthaayini sumaru 100 retlu mariyu sarapan graamamlo 60,000 mcr/h varaku minchipoyindi. seejiyam mariyu strontium yokka rediyodhaarmika isotopulu parimitini daatina kalushyam shagan mariyu aschisu nadulu, balapan sarassu mariyu sntp sait lopala unna itara neeti vanarulalo gurtinchabadindi. bahubhuji praantamloo kaneesam 4,500 chadarapu kilometres (bhoomi, raallu, neeru) cs-137 mariyu sr-90 saandratalu parimitini minchina saandratalatoe kalushitam cheyabaddaayi.
bahubhuji vadda nirvahinchina karyakalapala paryaavarana mariyu vyavasaya prabhavalu mariyu parinaamaalu visaeshamainavi. anhu pareekshalu bahubhuji yokka sahaja prakruti drushyaalu, ippatike unna paryaavarana vyavasthalu mariyu vyavasayanni matrame kakunda, bahubhuji prakkane unna bhoomulanu kooda prabhaavitam chesaayi. sntp sameepamlo unna polaallo utpatti ayye paalu mariyu maamsam yokka radionuclide kalushyam konnisaarlu nepathya sthaayi mariyu bhadrata avasaralu rendintinee minchina sthaayilalo namodu cheyabadindi.
prastutam, sntp vadda eee krindi vaatini nirvahinchaalsina spashtamaina avasaram undih
azgir mariyu kapustin yaar pariksha maidaanaalu.
narine praantamlooni paschima kazakhstan mariyu atirao oblastla sarihaddulalo moodu pariksha kendraalu panichestunnaayih azgir anhu pariksha sthalam, rashtra pariksha-vimaana kendram mariyu rashtra kendra pariksha maidaanam, chivari rendu russian complexes kapustin yaarku chendinavi, inca ippatikee panicheestunnaayi. eee pradaesaala bhoobhaagamlo 29 anhu paelullu jarigaayi (18 bhoogarbhamlo, 11 vaataavaranamloo). parisoedhana chatramlo adanamgaa 10 anhu paelullu jarigaih karachaganaaklo 6, mangistoulo 3 mariyu actubinsk oblastlalo 1.
rockett prayogaalu mariyu pareeksha sthalaalu.
prapancha vaataavaranam, paryaavaranam mariyu aardhika vyavasthalapai maanava nirmita prabhaavaaniki atyanta saktivantamaina moolaalalo antariksham mariyu rockett parikaraalu okatigaa pariganhinchabadutunnaayi. prapanchamlo 17 cosmodromelu (antariksha-vaahana prayoga sthalaalu ledhaa antariksha kendraalu) unnaayi.
1957 nundi 2001 varaku, vividha panulapai 1237 antariksha noukalanu kakshyaloki unchadaaniki baikonur nundi 1189 antariksha raaketlanu prayoginchaaru. eee prayogaalalo 100 kante ekkuva khandantara balistic raaketlu kooda unnaayi. 2000 nundi 2001 varaku, prapancha antariksha rocketla prayogamlo 30 saatam baikonur antariksha kendram nundi jarigindi.
pramaadaala valla kalige nashtanni tagginchadaaniki mariyu nivaasa praantaalalo rockett dasalu mariyu dahana utpattula patanaanni nivaarinchadaaniki america, france, japan, australia mariyu bharatadesam tiiraalaloo antariksha kendraala sthaanam uddeshapoorvakamgaa cheyabadindi. kevalam moodu deshaalu-russia, chaina mariyu kazakhstan-bhuubandhita khandantara antariksha kendraala nundi prayoginchaayi, vaari deshaala janabhanu pramaadaaniki gurichestaayi mariyu nivaasita praantaalanu kalushitam chestaayi.
jaateeya paryaavarana nirvahana.
jaateeya vidhanam.
rashtra karyakramam "abhivruddhi vyuuham 2030" paryaavarana parirakshana mariyu samarthavanthamaina sahaja vanarula viniyoga rangamlo eee krindi pradhana praja vidhana lakshyalanu gurtistundihi paryaavarana naanhyatanu sthireekarinchadam, maanava kaaryakalaapaalaku anukuulamaina vaataavaranaanni nirdhaarinchadam mariyu bhavishyat taraala kosam sahaja vanarulanu parirakshinchadam. 1994 mariyu 2001 madhya kazakhstan ganatantram, sahaja vanarula parirakshana yokka praamukhyatanu mariyu antarjaateeya samaajaaniki daani baadhyatalanu gurtinchi, sarihaddu muulakaalatoe sahaa anni sahaja bhagala samrakshananu sweekarinche 19 paryaavarana oppandaalanu aamodinchindi.
paryaavarana naanhyatanu sthireekarinche vidhana laxyam
antarjaateeya daatala sangham sahayamtho eee krindi patraalu tayaaru cheyabaddayi susthira abhivruddhi kosam jaateeya paryaavarana kaaryaacharana pranaalika, jeevavaividhya parirakshana kosam jaateeya vyuuhaalu mariyu kaaryaacharana pranaalikalu, edaareekarananu edurkovadam, alaage atavee mariyu parvata paryaavarana vyavastha rakshana. pradhana susthira abhivruddhi vyuha patraalu-susthira abhivruddhi framework mariyu agenda 21 prastutam abhivruddhi cheyabadutunnayi.
paryaavarana nirvahana mariyu rakshana rangamlo aardhika yantraamgaalu.
prastutam, pradhana paryaavarana chellimpulu jaateeya budjetlo chaerchadaaniki kendrikrutamai unnaayi. pannulu mariyu itara tappanisari budget chellimpula code eee krindi paryaavarana chellimpulanu vaeru chestundih
paryaavarana chattam.
1995loe aamodinchabadina kazakhstan ganatantram yokka rajyangam jaateeya paryaavarana chattaniki aadharam. raajyaangamlooni artical 31 prakaram "pourula jeevitaaniki, aarogyaaniki anukuulamaina paryaavaranaanni parirakshinchaalane lakshyanni rashtram nirdesinchaali". tatphalitamgaa, jeevitam mariyu aarogyaaniki anukuulamaina paryaavaranam hakku rajyanga hakkugaa nirdesinchabadanappatiki, praathamika chattam thana pourulaku anukuulamaina paryaavarana paristhitulanu andinchadaaniki rashtra baadhyatanu dhruveekaristundi. prajala praanaalaku, aarogyaaniki muppu kaliginche vaastavaalu, paristhitulanu daachipettadaaniki adhikarulu baadhyata vahinchaalani kooda rajyangam perkondi. paryaavarana paristhitipai samaachaaraaniki kazakhstan pourula praapyatanu paryaavarana parirakshanapai rashtra vidhanam amaluku hamiga chuustaaru.
paina perkonna chattamtho paatu, kazakhstan paryaavarana parirakshana rangamlo aneka nirdishta chattalanu sweekarinchindih
1997 juulai 16 nundi amalulo unna criminal code loe paryaavarana neeraalapai pratyeka vyaasam (#11) undhi. eee vyaasam eee krindi rakaala paryaavarana neeraalanu vivaristundihi
vyardhaala prosessing mariyu viniyogam.
kazakhstanlo aacharanatmakamgaa vyardhaala recycling samsthalu laevu. prastutam panichestunna recyclerlu chaalaa mandhi aardhika mariyu samsthaagata parimitulanu edurkontunnaru. udaaharanaku, paavlodaarlo pratyaekamaina saanketika parignaanaanni upayoginche rendu samsthalu unnaayi (96 saatam varaku vyardhaalu utpatti prakriyaloo upayoginchabadataayi). avih pavloader yash-burada vyardhaala prosessing plant jsc mariyu emeco jsc. eee samsthalu upayoginche muula mudi padaarthaalu baxite burada
kazakhstan jsc yokka aluminium mariyu pavloader tess-1 yokka buudida vyardhaalu, adhika buudida kantentto echibastuz boggunu dahanam cheyadam valla erpadataayi. eee karmagaram ituka (agni nirodhakamtho sahaa), cement modalaina 14 rakaala nirmaana saamagrini utpatti chestundi. eee karmagaram rendu shiftula praatipadikana panichesthe, idhi etaa 32,000 tannula burada mariyu 38 tannula buudidanu proses cheyagaladu. ayithe, working capital lekapovadam valla idhi puurti saamardhyamtho panicheyadu.
dhaatuvu dressing mariyu metallurgical complexelu, petrochemical, vaedi mariyu vidyut utpatti soukaryaalu, boggu guntalu modalaina samsthala samsthalu. tilinglu, buudida dumps, adhika bhaaram unna dumps mariyu hosting raalla maining-saanketika punaruddharana kosam paarisraamika vyardhaalanu upayoginchandi. anduvalla, vyardhaalu ekkuvagaa unde praantaalalo (thoorpu kazakhstan, karaganda, kostanai mariyu pavloader oblastlu) paarisraamika vyardhaala viniyoga saatam pavloader oblastlo 1.5-2% nundi karaganda oblastlo 25% varaku maarutuu untundi. gatha rendu samvatsaraalalo eee oblastlo adhika sthaayi vyardhaala viniyogam saadhinchabadindi, pradhanamgaa upayoginchina mariyu chedirina bhoomilo 85 saatam varaku saanketika punaruddharana kosam adhika bhaaram mariyu host raallanu upayoginchadam valla.
pareeksha sthalaalalo nilva chesina lohasambandha buradanu saadhaaranamgaa khananam chestaaru. samarthavanthamaina mariyu takkuva kharchutho kuudina recycling saanketika parignaanam lekapovadam dheeniki kaaranam. vyardhaalalo oka chinna bhaganni ispat-carmet jsc (karaganda oblast) utpatti mariyu nirmaana saanketika parignaanamlo upayogistaaru, ikkada aacharanatmakamgaa anni lohasastra slaag proses cheyabadi tirigi upayoginchabadutundi. cozacmese corporation yokka jairem sweat mett jsc mariyu balkhash smelter raagi saandrata utpattilo dhaatuvutho kalisi edaadi podavunaa perukupoyina anni lohasastra slagnu proses chestaayi.
sokolovsko-sarbaisky smelter (kostanai oblast) vadda vyardhaala prosessing mariyu tatastheekarana yokka eee krindi saanketikatalu vartinchabadataayih nirmaanam kosam raallanu anichiveyadam; floatation unit dwara saamuuhika sulfide saandrata velikiteetalo millu tailinglanu upayoginchadam mariyu maining-chemical integrated panulalo daani tadupari prosessing, ayithe eee saanketikata inca khararu kaaledu.
2000loe michainzoloto ojk (pavloader oblast) micaine sthaavaramlo unna dumplatho sahaa adhika bhaaram unna matti dumpla nundi off-balance khanijalanu upayoginchadam praarambhinchindi. michainzoloto jsc, technopark-stepanogorsk jsc thoo kalisi, sinides lekunda raagi-jink concentrate utpattilo paryaavarana anukuula saanketika parignaanaanni vartimpajeyaalani yochistondi.
ferrochrome jsc (octube oblast) anedi vijayavantamaina paarisraamika vyardhaala viniyogam mariyu prosessingku oka udaaharana. eee jsc adhika mariyu takkuva carbon ferrochrome (anthakante ekkuva) yokka scoria nundi chuurnam chesina raayini utpatti cheyadam praarambhinchindi.
150.samvatsaraaniki 0 tannulu) mariyu ferrodust (samvatsaraaniki 4,000 tannulaku paiga), idhi sunnam mariyu isuka itukala (samvatsaraaniki 12,000 kante ekkuva mukkalu) tayaareeloo marinta upayoginchabadutundi. adanamgaa, tadupari recycling kosam reception mariyu vyardhaala nundi kramabaddheekarana kosam oka dabbanu upayoginchaalani company yochistondi. lohapu scrapnu nilva cheyadaaniki pratyeka praantam upayoginchabadutundi.
ghana vyardhaala paaraveyadamlo private rangam bhagaswamyam recycling saamarthyaanni gananeeyamgaa penchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi. udaaharanaku, pavlodar loe ghana vyardhaala nirvahananu bahubhuji emm. dii. ess. zhe. ess. sii (pramaadaaniki moodava-aidava taragati ghana vyardhaala sanchayam) mariyu spetsmashini zhe. ess. sii (nagara ghana vyardhaala bhoomi nimpadam) kuu badilee chesina taruvaata paristhiti merugupadindi. pavlodar chemical plant jsc loe bhaagamaina maroka private company, tolyatti ifc chelnok jsc (russia) saanketika parignaanaanni upayoginchi sekaranalo nimagnamai undhi. eee samstha ippativaraku 90,000 kii paiga deepaalanu recycle chesindi. jixto jsc petropavlovsk yokka fluorescent deepaala vaadakamlo 'demercurisation' paie prayogaatmaka panini nirvahinchindi. almatti oblastlo paadarasam kaligina vyardhaalu mariyu fluorescent deepaalu pratyeka samstha synap jsc (almatti) kii demercurisation kosam pampinhee cheyabadataayi. paschima kazakhstanloni uralsklo upayoginchina prakaasinchae deepaalu, paadarasam deepaalu mariyu parikaraala kendrikruta sekarana, nilva mariyu recycling kosam oka soukaryam praarambhinchabadindi.
paschima kazakhstanlo kooda recycling prayatnaalu jarugutunnaayi. udaaharanaku, stroitech jsc virigina gaajunu recycle cheyadam mariyu vaati nundi viniyoga vastuvulanu utpatti cheyadam praarambhinchindi. idhe vidhamaina prajectunu jexengali jsc abhivruddhi chestondi. nirmaana parisramalo upayoginche mishrama bhavana palakalanu utpatti cheyadaaniki kalapa-kothalu, scrap paper, unni recyclingpy uralvtorma research und production association oka prajectunu roopondinchindi.
vyardhaala nirvahana samasyanu parishkarinchadaaniki, jaateeya vyardhaala nirvahana karyakramanni abhivruddhi cheyadam avasaram, vyardhaala nirvahana vidhaanaalanu vivarinchadam, vyardhaala paaraveyadam kosam chattaparamaina chatram mariyu paddati, vyardhaala nirvahana mariyu paryaveekshanha kosam aardhika yantraangam. eee karyakramam amaluku avasaramh ippatike unna tilinglu mariyu dumpla jabita mariyu vaati saanketika paristhitini anchanaa veyadam; perukupoyina mariyu khananam cheyabadina vyardhaala pravahalu, parimaanaalu mariyu bhagala yokka vivarana mariyu vislaeshanha; nirnayam teesukoovadaaniki pramaadaala anchanaa.
pratyaamnaaya indhana vanarulanu upayoginchukune avakaasam.
pratyaamnaaya ledhaa punarutpaadaka indhana vanarulalo jalavidyut, pavana shakti, samudra taranga charya, soura vikiranam, bhuushna shakti, jeevaraashi mariyu biogass shakti unnaayi.
kazakhstan punarutpaadaka indhana vanarulalo gananeeyamaina saamarthyaanni kaligi undhi, conny indulo oka chinna bhaagam matrame upayoginchabadutondi. kazakhstan yokka indhana rangam maajee soviet union yokka bhaarii mariyu 'saampradaaya' vidyut utpatti kendraala kendrikruta indhana sarafara vyavasthalo bhaagamgaa abhivruddhi cheyabadinanduna idhi jarigindi. sthaanika indhana vanarula abhivruddhiki praadhaanyata ivvaledu.
punarutpaadaka indhana abhivruddhi samasya vividha kaaranaala valla highlight cheyabadindi. kazakhstan yokka vistaaramaina bhuubhaagam, daani takkuva janabha saandrata mariyu pradhanamgaa desamloni uttara bhaagamlo utpatti saamarthyam kendrikarana, antey saktini gananeeyamaina dooraalaku ravana cheyali, phalitamgaa 30 saatam varaku nashtam jarugutundi. anduvalla, maarumuula praantaala indhana sarafara kendrikarana aardhikamgaa asamarthamainadi mariyu chinna mariyu pratyaamnaaya indhana sarafara abhivruddhi ippatike unna konni samasyalanu parishkarinche saamarthyaanni kaligi undhi, mukhyamgaah
1997loe saanketika sahaya pathakam yokka chatramlo amalu chesina "kazakhstan mariyu kyrgyzstan-punarutpaadaka indhana vanarula abhivruddhiki avakaasaalu" anae survey prakaram, kazakhstanloni sumaru 5100 maarumuula sthaavaraalu vidyut prasaara maargaalaku anusandhaaninchabadaledu. eee paristhitulalo sthaanika saktini andinchadaaniki punarutpaadaka indhana vanarula abhivruddhi aardhikamgaa samarthinchabadutundi.
jalavidyut.
kazakhstan jalavidyut saktiki gananeeyamaina saamarthyaanni kaligi undhi, idhi samvatsaraaniki 170 billion kilovatla anchanaa. aardhika saamarthyam 23.5 billion kilowatts kaga, prastutam etaa sumaru 8 billion kilowatts viniyoginchabadutunnaayi. kazakhstanlo chinna nadhee sambhaavyata abhivruddhi kooda chaalaa asajanakamga undhi. kazakhstan institute "hydroproject" dayta prakaram, chinna nadulapai jalavidyut kendraala nirmaanam kosam 503 kii paiga prajectulu andubaatulo unnaayi, mottam saamarthyam 1380 megaavaatlu. eee chinna nadhee vidyut plantla dwara saadhyamayye vidyut utpatti samvatsaraaniki sumaru 6.3 billion kilovatla utpatti chese saamarthyaanni kaligi undhi. 2030 varaku vidyut abhivruddhi" anae rashtra karyakramam aneka jalavidyut kendraala nirmaanaanni anchanaa vestundi. atyanta aasaajanakamaina prajectulu 300 megawatla saamarthyam kaligina chaarin nadipai mainakskaya jalavidyut kendram; mariyu 50 megawatla saamarthyam kaligina ili nadipai kerbulaxkaya jalavidyut kendram. eee nadhee soukaryaala dwara vaarshika vidyut utpatti 900 million kilovatlaku cheravacchu.
gaali shakti.
daani sthaanam kaaranamgaa, kazakhstanlo ekkuva bhaagam uttara ardhagolamloni 'wind belt' loe undhi mariyu pavana vanarulatho mariyu gaali saktitoe chaalaa samruddhiga undhi. anchanaala prakaram, kazakhstanlo gaali saamarthyam yokka saandrata chadarapu kilometeruku sumaru 10 megaavaatlaku samanam.
kazakhstan yokka uttara, madhya mariyu aagneya praantaalalo mariyu paschima kazakhstanloni aneka praantaalalo gananeeyamaina gaali saamarthyam undhi. vaataavarana pariseelana kendraala nundi vacchina samacharam prakaram, eee praantaalalo sagatu gaali vegam sekanuku 5 kimmy minchipotundi mariyu konni pradaesaalaloo sekanuku 6 nundi 7 kimmy varaku cherukuntundi, idhi gaali saamarthyaanni upayoginchukovadaanni aacharaneeya avakaasamgaa chestundi. kazakhstan institute, kazselenergoproct aneka vandala megawatla utpatti saamarthyam kaligina pedda pavana shakti kendraala ('wind fams') nirmaanam kosam kaneesam 15 pradaesaalanu survey chesindi. 2030 indhana abhivruddhi karyakramam prakaram, kazakhstanlo 500 megawatla pavana vidyut kendram (doubleu. pii. ess) nirminchabadutundani bhaavistunnaaru. eee pavana kshetraalu etaa 1-1.5 billion kwh saktini utpatti chese saamarthyaanni kaligi unnaayi.
aagneya kazakhstanloni almatinsky oblastloni djungerian mariyu shelesky carridar yokka gaali saamarthyaanni vistrutamgaa parisoedhimchaaru. pavana shakti abhivruddhipai un abhivruddhi karyakramam kinda kazakhstanku saanketika sahayam yokka chatramlo, eee rendu praantaalalo vivaranaatmaka gaali kolatalu jarigaayi, ivi gananeeyamaina gaali saamarthyaanni velladinchaayi. jungerian gatelalo sagatu vaarshika gaali vegam 7.5 kimmy/seey, mariyu shelexy carridar loe-10 meterla ettulo 5.8 kimmy/seey. andpi/jeff maddatutoe, 5 megawatla utpatti chese modati prayogaatmaka pavana-aadhaarita vidyut plaantnu djungerian gatelalo nirminchaalani bhaavistunnaaru. almatavtomatica company prastutam 500 kilovatla utpatti saamardhyamtho jungerian getlaloni druzba vadda modati kajakh pavana vidyut plaantnu erpaatu chestondi. aneka sthaavaraalalo itara takkuva saamarthyam gala pavana kshetraalu kooda erpaatu cheyabaddaayi. dutch saanketika sahayam nundi prayojanam pondhe aneka chinna pavana shakti samsthaapana prajectulu akmolinsky oblastlo unnaayi.
pavana pampulanu upayoginchi baavula nundi neetini penchadaaniki pavana shakti viniyogaaniki kooda avakaasaalu unnaayi. soviet kaalamlo ituvanti wind pampulu kazakhstan bhoobhaagamlo vistrutamgaa upayoginchabaddaayi.
sourashakti.
kazakhstan 42 mariyu 55 akshaamsaala madhya uttara disagaa unnappatikee, sambhaavya soura vikiranam gananeeyamainadi mariyu chadarapu meetaruku 1300-1800 kwh nuu utpatti cheyavachu. khandantara vaataavaranam kaaranamgaa soura gantala sankhya samvatsaraaniki 2200-3000 gaa untundi, idhi soura shakti viniyogaanni saadhyam chestundi.
sourashakti viniyogamlo pradhana rangam soura collectorlu ledhaa 'centroplu' upayoginchi vaedi neetini utpatti cheyadam. sthaanika nipunula anchanaala prakaram, vaedi neeti sarafara kosam sumaru 13 million jeeseela vaedini utpatti cheyadam saadhyamavutundi, idhi 1 million tannula kante ekkuva petrolium samaanamaina podupunu anumatistundi. vaedi neeti kosam soura phalakaala vadakanni kendra ushna sarafara kosam boiler vyavasthalapai mariyu vyaktigata bhavanalaku ushna sarafara rendintiloonuu nirvahinchavacchu. ippudu, andpi mariyu kenadian agency pharr international development maddatutoe almaateelooni oka boiler-houselo soura collectorla vaadakampai oka prayogaatmaka project nirvahistunnaaru.
kazakhstanlo neetini vaedi cheyadaaniki soura collectorlaku goppa demand undhi. ayithe, vaati adhika vyayam kaaranamgaa, 1 chadarapu kilometeruku sumaru 200-300 USD vadda, vaaru inca vistruta anuvartanaanni kanugonaledu. meater. ayithe, solar collectorlanu sthaanikamgaa utpatti cheyagaligithe, kharchunu gananeeyamgaa tagginchadam mariyu vaati application sthaayini vistarinchadam saadhyamavutundi.
photo electric converterla sahayamtho vidyut utpatti anedi sambhaavya soura vidyut viniyogaaniki sambandhinchina maroka rangam. kaanti-vidyut phalakaalanu prakaasamu, chinna vyavasaya polaalu mariyu gorrela kaapari shibiraalalo teli-radeo prasaram vanti avasaralaku takkuva parimaanamlo vidyuttunu utpatti cheyadaaniki upayoginchavacchu. esmap framework kinda nirvahinchina parisoedhana anchanaala prakaram, byaatariilatoe kuudina chinna soura photo-electric panellanu upayoginchadam anedi veluturu kosam kirosin deepaalanu upayoginchadam kante marinta podupugaa panichestundi. kazakhstanlo 20-vaatla soura photo-electric panellaku market sumaru 20,000 unitlu undaali.
bhoogarbha baavula nundi neetini sekarinchadaaniki chinna vidyut pampulanu nirvahinchadaaniki photo-electric panella applicationku kooda avakaasaalu unnaayi. neeti pampula kosam photo-electric panellu mariyu gaali aadhaarita vidyut plantla kalayika kooda saadhyame mariyu idhi neeti sarafara yokka viswasaneeyatanu penchutundi. andipi frameworktho aral praantamlooni maarumuula praantaalalo neeti sarafaraapai oka prayogaatmaka prajectunu amalu cheyadaaniki pranaalika cheyabadindi, photo-electric panellu mariyu gaali-nadiche vidyut plaantlanu upayoginchi pampulaku vidyuttunu utpatti chestundi mariyu traaguneeti tayari kosam desalinization plaantnu upayogistundi. indhana mariyu khanija vanarula mantritva saakha, mep, mariyu vidya mariyu vignaana mantritva saakha samyuktamgaa "indhana podupu mariyu pratyaamnaaya indhana vanarula abhivruddhi" paie oka karyakramanni abhivruddhi chestunnayi.
bhuushna shakti.
kazakhstanlo bhoogarbha vaedi neeti vanarulu unna aneka pradaesaalu unnaayi. ayithe, neeti ushnograta saadhaaranamgaa 55 degreela kante takkuvagaa unnanduna vaati aacharanaatmaka upayogam parimitam cheyabadindi.
kazakhstan mariyu kyrgyzstan-punarutpaadaka indhana vanarula abhivruddhiki avakaasaalu" anae esmap parisoedhana prakaram, 96° kante ekkuva vaedi neeti bhoogarbha vanaru matrame kanugonabadindi, idhi jharkhent sameepamlo undhi. eee muulaanni vaedi avasaralaku upayoginchavacchu.
biomass.
biomass energy anedi vyardha vrukshasampada, pasusamvardhaka vyardha utpattulu, gruha vyardha utpattulu, muruguneeti niksheepaalu modalaina vaati nundi vayuvu utpatti. biogass utpatti kosam vyavasayam nundi vaarshika vyardhaalanu proses cheyadam valla 14-15 million tannula indhanaaniki samaanamaina ledhaa 10.32 million tannula petroliyaaniki samaanamaina shakti parimaanaanni utpatti cheyagaladani gananalu chuupistunnaayi.
atavee praantaalanu samrakshinchadam, janthu vyardhaalanu upayoginchadam mariyu pravaaha pravaaha kalushyanni nivaarinche maargamgaa raitulu mariyu maarumuula sthaavaraala nivaasulu bayogyasnu upayoginchadaaniki tassis mariyu yuu. dii. pii. karyakramalu maddatu istayi. eruvula nundi biogass utpatti kosam aneka sthaavaraalalo samsthaapanalu erpaatu cheyabaddaayi. rojuku 15 cubic meterla biogass (4 nelala paatu 1 tunnu eruvulu) utpatti chese biogass samsthaapanala vadakam 60 chadarapu meterla bhavananni vaedi chesi, 4 nundi 5 mandhi vyaktula kutumbaaniki bhojanam vandela chestundani anubhavam choopistundi.
alala shakti.
caspian samudram yokka munduvaipu alala saktiki muulamgaa upayogapadutundi. vaataavarana samacharam prakaram taranga vidyut kendraalanu upayoginchadam chaalaa labhadayakamga undavacchu. 3 megawatla varaku saamarthyam kaligina modular wave power station prajectulu unnaayi. 3 nundi 5 meterla taranga ettulo, vaarshika vidyut utpatti sumaru 3 million kilovatlaku cherukuntundi, prati 1 kilovatlaku sumaru 3 nundi 4 usd sentla dhara untundi.
ilanti prajectula sakaram caspian samudra praantamloo swatantra indhana vanarulatho chamuru kshetra sthaavaraalanu sarafara chese saamarthyaanni kaligi undhi mariyu jaateeya network nundi prastuta vidyut viniyogaanni 50-85% dwara taggistundi.
paryaavaranam mariyu susthira abhivruddhi rangamlo praantiiya sahakaram.
praantiiya karyakramalu mariyu prajectulu.
pramukha antarjaateeya daata samsthalu (prapancha, praantiiya mariyu dwaipaakshika) mariyu jeff, undup, unep, varald byaank group doubleuby, abrd, edibi, kdabluef german fund, arab deshaala aardhika abhivruddhi kosam kuwait fund mariyu ca raashtraalaku vividha rakaala saanketika sahayamlo palgonadam vanti karyanirvahaka samsthalu pradarsinchina aral samudra pareevaahaka praantam kosam paryaavarana parirakshana pranaalikalanu siddham chesi amalu cheyadam dwara madhya asea praantam prapancha samaajamlo pradhana paatra poeshistumdi. aral samudra pareevaahaka praantamloo praantiiya paryaavarana karyakramalu mariyu prajectula abhivruddhi mariyu amalulo anchanaa vesina mottam pettubadi $1 millionla paridhiloo undhi. eee praanta paryaavarana samasyalanu parishkarinchadaaniki vaastavamgaa nidhula pampinhee uddesinchina aardhika vyavasthalo 10 saataaniki minchakudadu. idhi pradhanamgaa jaateeya praadhaanyatalu mariyu eee praantamlooni deshaala aardhika prayojanaalato paatu praantiiya prajectulaku saha-aardhika sahayam cheyadamlo vaari karyakalapalapai aadharapadi untundi. phalitamgaa, kazakhstan mariyu uzbekistan neeti nirvahana vyavasthala rangamlo churukaina ejendaanu kaligi unnaayi; parvata paryaavarana vyavasthala rangamlo kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan mariyu tajikistan; jeevavaividhya rangamlo kazakhstan mariyu uzbekistan churukaina ejendaanu kaligi unnaayi; mariyu edaareekarananu edurkone rangamlo turkmenistan mariyu kazakhstan unnaayi.
praantiiya prajectulaku pradhana aardhika sahayam eee krindi praadhaanyatala prakaram vibhajinchabadindih mottam nidhulalo 76 saatam aral samudra paryaavarana samasya; 16 saatam rakshita parvata bhuubhaagaalu; 2 saatam edaareekarana mariyu bhuu ksheenatanu edurkovadam; mariyu itara lakshya prajectulu 6 saatam. sarihaddu-daati samasyalu-gaali mariyu uparitala neeti kalushyam, vyardhaala viniyogam, kothaku guraina matti saandratanu edurkovadam-praantiiya kaaryakramaala dwara taginantagaa cover cheyabadaledani spashtamgaa telustundi. anduvalla paina perkonna bhagalu tarachugaa jaateeya prajectula paridhiloki vastaayi.
ekareeti praantiiya paryaavarana vyuuham abhivruddhi dasalo ca deshaala paryaavarana parirakshana samsthala madhya sannihita sahakaaramtho matrame perkonna lakshyaala (karyakramalu mariyu prajectulu) amalu saadhinchavachchu.
madhya asealo praantiiya sahakaram yokka atyanta mukhyamaina karyakramalu eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaih
praantiiya kaaryaacharana pranaalikalu.
samagra vidhana praatipadikana aardhika, saamaajika mariyu paryaavarana samasyalanu parigananaloki teesukune samagra nirvahanapai kaar deshaala prabhutvaalu inca samanvaya paddhatulanu abhivruddhi cheyaledu. idhi pradhanamgaa paryaavarana vyavasthala praantiiya swabhaavam dwara mundugaa nirnayinchabadutundi, mariyu sarihaddu mariyu antar-ranga samasyalanu parishkarinchadamlo ummadi charyalu teesukovalasina avasaram undhi.
1991loe paryaavarana parirakshana kosam charyala karyakramanni sweekarinchadamtho praarambhamaina "airopa kosam paryaavaranam" prakriya, sampradimpula prakriya amalulo eee praantamlooni deshaalaku keelaka paatra pooshinchindi. sofiya (1995) mariyu ahas (1998) loe jarigina samavesala teermaanaala dwara eee praantam yokka bhaagaswaamyaaniki maddatu labhinchindi. mukhyamgaa, aahooslo, praantiiya paryaavarana kaaryaacharana pranaalika (panta) nuu roopondinchadam praarambhinchaalani kaaru deshaalu nirnayam teesukunnaayi, dheeniki vistrutamgaa maddatu labhinchindi. eee praantamlooni chaalaa deshaalalo praarambhinchina nep prakriya oka mukhyamaina dasha. idhi samagramaina mariyu avaastavika kaaryakramaala nundi praadhaanyata charyalu mariyu daatalatoe vistrutamaina paniki maaradaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. prastutam, eee praantamlooni deshaalu 2002loe nis kosam erpaatu chesina ilanti karyakramalalo vistrutamgaa palgontunnayi.
kendra asea (panta) kosam praantiiya paryaavarana kaaryaacharana pranaalikanu unep/yudipi sahayamtho mariyu maargadarsakatvamlo abhivruddhi chesaaru. paryaavaranam mariyu janabha jeevana paristhitulanu parirakshinche lakshyamtho praantiiya sahakaram mariyu eee praanta deshaala prayatnaala ekikaranaku oka punaadini srushtinchadam dheeni lakshyam. praadhaanyata lakshyalanu parishkarinchadaaniki charyala samitini abhivruddhi chesaaru. kaaru deshaalalo paryaavarana parirakshanaku sambandhinchina eee krindi keelaka vyuuhaatmaka lakshyalu pantakota kosam gurtinchabaddaayih
neeti vanarulu.
madhya asealo neeti savaallu (vanarulu, taajaadanam mariyu korata) parishkarinchaalsina pradhana samasyalu. aral praantamloo paryaavarana, saamaajika, aardhika prabhavalu neeti pravahalu, indhana avasaraalapai pedda prabhavanni chuuputaayi. neeti vanarula kosam kaalaanuguna demand loe hecchutaggulu mariyu vaati asamatulya pampinhee eee praantamlooni anni deshaala aardhika paristhitulanu gananeeyamgaa prabhaavitam chese viruddhamaina mundastu sharatula phalitaalu.
aral samudram mariyu daani prakkane unna bhuubhaagaala sthithigatulapai deshaala madhya oka oppandam, swatantra neeti viniyogadaarulugaa, aral pareevaahaka praantam yokka neeti savaallanu parishkarinchadaaniki mariyu vividha deshaala neeti avasaralanu teerchadaaniki sahayapadali. anduvalla, neeti sambandhita sangharshanhalanu parishkarinchadamlo praantiiya sthaayilo chattaparamaina chatraanni erpaatu cheyadam oka mukhyamaina amsam kawali
neeti nirvahana mariyu viniyoga rangamlo sahakaram yokka paaraamitulanu khachitamgaa niyantrinche vidhana patraala samiti (antarjaateeya neeti chattaalatho paatu sthaanika sampradaayaalanu parigananaloki teesukoni) dwara neeti nirvahana yokka prastuta chattaparamaina chatraanni nirnayinchaali. balamaina chattaparamaina chatraanni erpaatu cheyadam anedi sramatho kuudina prakriya, dheeniki atyanta naipunhyam kaligina nipunulu, jaateeya nipunulu mariyu saadhaarana prajala prameyam avasaram.
aral samudra pareevaahaka praantam kosam gurtinchina samasyalanu vistarinchadaaniki, neeti vanarula hetubaddhamaina viniyogam mariyu paryaavarana parirakshana rangamlo vistruta paridhi thoo aneka praantiiya karyakramalu mariyu prajectulu siddham cheyabadutunnayihi
bhoomi mariyu neeti vanarula viniyoga rangamlo praantiiya sahakaram.
chaina peeples republic, kyrgyzstan, russia mariyu uzbekistan vanti kazakhstan mariyu porugu deshaala madhya praantiiya samasyalanu parishkarinchadamlo sarihaddu neeti vanarula viniyogam samasyalu ippatikee atyanta mukhyamainavi. desamloni goppa khanijalu, indhanam, shakti mariyu bhuu vanarulanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki prastuta neeti sarafara pradhana addamkulalo okati.
sarihaddu neeti ketayimpulo sannihita praantiiya sahakaranni sthaapinchadaaniki, kazakhstan 2000 december 4naa "sarihaddu neeti pravahalu mariyu antarjaateeya sarassula rakshana mariyu viniyogam yokka sadassu" loe cherindi.
sarihaddu jalamargala rangamlo ca deshaala sahakaram.
jaateeya bhadrata paramgaa, mukhyamgaa kazakhstan yokka dakshina praantaalalo, antar rashtra jala sambandhaala merugudalanu keelaka amsamgaa chuudaali. ifas (aral samudraanni kaapaadataaniki antarjaateeya nidhi) mariyu daani saakhalu vistrutamaina karyakalapalu nirvahinchinappatikii, kaarulo sarihaddu neeti vanarula pampinhee yokka atyavasara swabhaavam nirantaram perugutondi.
syrdaria nadhi pareevaahaka praantamloo neeti vanarula pampineeni niyantrinche keelaka patraalu
russian federationtho sarihaddu jalamargala rangamlo sahakaram.
russian federation mariyu kazakhstan bhuubhaagam gundaa vellae gananeeyamaina mottamlo sarihaddu jalamaargaalanu parigananaloki teesukuni, augustu 27,1992naa, sarihaddu neeti soukaryaala ummadi viniyogam mariyu rakshanapai orenberglo oka antar rashtra oppandam kudirindi. eee oppandam sarihaddu neeti soukaryaala rakshana mariyu viniyoga rangamlo sambandhaalanu niyantristundi. oppandam aadhaaramgaa, kazakhstan-russia commission sthaapinchabadindi, idhi neeti jalaasayaala saadhaarana upayogam mariyu neeti teesukovadam parimitula pampinhee yokka samaya schedulanu aamodistundi mariyu neeti nirvahana viniyogaala marammattu mariyu nirvahananu nirvahinchadaaniki charyalanu abhivruddhi chestundi.
chainaatho sarihaddu jalamargala rangamlo sahakaram.
chainaatho sarihaddu nadula nirvahana samasyanu parishkarinchadaaniki, nipunulache moodu roundla charchalu jarigaayi, dheeni phalitamgaa rendu deshaala madhya sarihaddu nadula kosam nipunula ummadi working groupupai nibandhanaku aamodam labhinchindi. nipunula ummadi kaaryaacharana brundam modati samavesamlo (november 6,2000naa almatylo), sarihaddu nadula praathamika jabita angeekarinchabadindi mariyu kaaryaacharana charyala jaabitaanu perkonabadindi.
parvata paryaavarana vyavasthalu.
nissandehamgaa, parvata paryaavarana vyavasthala samrakshanhalo oka mukhyamaina dasha, "madhya aasiyaaloni parvata bhuubhaagaala sthiramaina abhivruddhi rangamlo praantiiya sahakaram" (abbard) vyuuhaanni pratipaadinchae oka project. paryaveekshanha dwara parvata bhuubhaagaala samagra parisoedhananu sulabhataram cheyadam mariyu samanvayam cheyadam dheeni pradhana praadhaanyata.
bishkek global mountain summit (bgms) (bishkek, october 29-november 1,2002) antarjaateeya parvata samvatsaram yokka pradhana phalitamgaa maarindi, idhi parvata praantaala samasyalapai antarjaateeya samajam drushtini aakarshinchindi. bishkek parvata vedikanu sweekarinchi, madhya asea parvata saasanampai santakam chesaaru. kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan mariyu tajikistan paryaavarana parirakshana mantrulu madhya asea parvata saasanampai santakam chesaaru, indulo parvata bhuubhaagaala nirvahana mariyu viniyogampai suutraalu, lakshyalu mariyu vidhanalu unnaayi. parvata bhuubhaagaala samrakshana mariyu hetubaddhamaina viniyogam kosam mariyu antarjaateeya sampradimpula kamiteeni erpaatu cheyadaaniki kendra asea oppandaanni roopondinche uddesam kooda indulo undhi.
asea abhivruddhi byaanku maddatutoe, eee praanta deshaalu parvataala sthiramaina abhivruddhi kosam kendra asea vyuuhaanni abhivruddhi chesaayi. madhya asea yokka praantiiya paryaavarana kendram (reck) sahakaaramtho erpaatu chesina working group, alaage praantiiya karyalayam, eee praantamlooni anni deshaalaku anukuulamaina vyuuhaanni meruguparachadaaniki karyakalapalanu nirvahistaayi. parvata bhuubhaagaala yokka nirdishta samasyalanu parishkarinche lakshyamtho daani kaaryakalaapaalaina praantiiya parvata kendram (armc) nuu srushtinchaalsina avasaram samarthinchabadindi.
eee praantamloo uddesinchina mariyu amalu cheyabadina prajectulu-paschima tien shaan (gef) yokka jeevavaividhya parirakshana mariyu altay-sayan parvata paryaavarana praantam (gef) yokka jeevavaividhya parirakshana mariyu sthiramaina viniyogam-parvata paryaavarana vyavastha parirakshana yokka prastuta samasyalalo oka chinna bhaganni matrame kaligi unnayani gamaninchaali.
jeevavaividhya parirakshana.
jeevavaividhya parirakshana mariyu rakshita bhuubhaagaala vistarana kosam amalu cheyabadina, konasagutunna mariyu pranaalikaabaddhamaina jaateeya/praantiiya prajectula dwara sahaja sampada sreyassuku gananeeyamaina sahakaram andinchabadutundi. eee rangamlo karyakalapalu
vyardhaala prosessing soukaryaalu.
kazakhstanlo modati munisipal waste prosessing plant sthaanika akimat maddatutoe december 2007loe almatylo praarambhinchabadindi. nagaramloni 90 saatam munisipal ghana vyardhaala (emm. ess. doubleu) viniyogaanni vtorma-ecology plant cover chesindi. aaa samayamlo almatti samvatsaraaniki sumaru 600 tannula chettanu sekarinchindi. 4.5-5 samvatsaraalalo, company $28 millionla pettubadulanu tirigi chellinchi, pempudu jantuvula flex, plaastik gulikalu, kaagitam, ferrous mariyu naan-ferrous lohaalu vanti dviteeya padaarthaalanu utpatti cheyadam dwara kharchunu tirigi pondalsi undhi. conny aardhika sankshobham kaaranamgaa punarviniyogaparachadagina vastuvula dhara 1,5-3 saarlu padipoyindi, mariyu aaa karmagaram daani kharchulanu bharinchalekapoyindi mariyu "kazkom byaank" jaarii chesina runaanni chellinchalekapoyindi. october 2010loe karmagaram moosiveyabadindi, karmagaram director rustem parmanbekov paie vaetanaalu chellinchakapovadam anae criminal kesu praarambhinchabadindi mariyu paryaavarana prosecutor karyalayam 7 million tenz mottamlo paryaavarana nashtanni anchanaa vesindi.
2012 septembarulo aarke yokka nirmaanam, gruhanirmaanam mariyu viniyogaala kosam agency kazakhstan chuttoo 41 vyardhaala prosessing plantla nirmaana karyakramanni 10-15 samvatsaraalalo samarpinchindi. mukhyamgaa, 2015 varaku 10 plaantlanu teravaalani agency yochistondi.
agency teliyajesinatlugaa, prayogaatmaka prajectulu akobe, atirao, karaganda, aboy, saran, shakhtinsk, costane, pavloader, taldikorgaon, taraj, ust-camenogorsk, kokshetou modalaina pradaesaalaloo praarambhinchabadataayi.
eee prayatnaalu kazakhstanlo ghana vyardhaala nirvahanaku nirdishta yantraamgaalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki mariyu pettubadidaarulaku pettubadula kosam maroe rangaanni andinchadaaniki veelu kalpistaayi.
eee kaaryakramamlo modatidi astana waste prosessing plant, idhi october 2012loe praarambhinchaalani pranaalika cheyabadindi mariyu samvatsaraaniki 400,000 tannula utpaadakatatoe emm. ess. doubleu viniyogamlo anni nagara avasaralanu teerchutundi. praarambhotsavam december 24,2012naa jarigindi. almatti plant taruvaata kazakhstanlo idhi rendava vyardhaala prosessing plant. spanish saanketikata aadhaaramgaa astana karmagaranni nirminchaaru.
inca panicheyani almatti plantku sambandhinchi, yajamaanulu tama aardhika samasyalanu swayamgaa edurkovalasi untundani agency perkondi.
eee karyakramam shinkent nagaranni kooda cover chestundi, idhi nagaramloni nivaasa praantaalaku sameepamlo aakasmikamgaa perugutunna dumpto naatakeeya paristhitini kaligi undhi. eee parisaraala nivaasitulaku, dump sameepamlo undatam teevramaina aarogya samasyaluga maarindi. nirantaram teevramaina poga mariyu manta vaasana kaaranamgaa prajalaku ubbasam, bronchitis modalaina vyaadhulu vastaayi.
shinkentloni karmagaranni 2007loe nirminchaalani pranaalika cheyabadindihi "nirmaanam vachhe vasanta ruthuvulo praarambhamai saradrutuvulo puurtavutumdani"-upa contractor janavari 2007loe prakatinchaaru. conny pallapu mariyu itara samasyala empika pranaalika kante ekkuva samayam pattindi.
2009 decemberulo matrame shinkent akimat thoo pettubadi oppandam kudirindi mariyu bahubhuji mariyu mokka kosam praantam nirvachinchabadindi. 2011 chivaralo plant nirmaanam praarambhamavutundani mallee prakatinchaaru. purapalaka budget avasaramaina moulika sadupayala avasaraala kosam 430 millionla tenzenu ketaayinchindi. samvatsaram chivari varaku builderlu sumaru 20 millionla tenzenu konugolu chesaaru.
conny 2012 eprillo, akimat eee prajectuku nidhulu samakuurchadam konasaaginchadaaniki niraakarinchindi. prastutaaniki eee project inca stambhimpajeyabadindi. punaruddharanaku taginanta nidhulu lekapovadam mariyu chettha dump praantaanni saasvatamgaa penchadam valla eee plant karyakalapalu ippudu pramaadamloo unnaayi.
aarke yokka nirmaanam, gruhanirmaanam mariyu viniyogaala samstha kooda pavlodar nagaranni modati nagarallo okatigaa perkondi, ikkada 2015 varaku plaantlu nirminchabadataayi. prastutaaniki, pavlodar accomate vaaru bahubhuji nirmaanam kosam ippatike 100 hectorla sthalaanni enchukunnatlu prakatinchaaru. prastuta nagaramloni vyardhaala kuppapai panini moharinchaalani bhaavistunnaaru.
karagandalo maroe karmagaranni nirminchaalani yochistunnaru. eee roeju natiki, eee prajectunu nirvahinchadaaniki "taja dalla" company sthaapinchabadindi, nirmaana sthalaalu mariyu bahubhuji empika cheyabaddaayi. eee prajectulo paalgonadaaniki ippudu aneka byaankulatoe charchalu jarugutunnaayi.
chivaraku, december 2012loe, eberd maddatutoe aadhunika emm. ess. doubleu. prosessing plaantnu akatoulo nirminchanunnatlu prakatinchaaruh 24 kotla tenz (12.7 laksala eurola samaanamaina) runaanni rashtra matha samstha ayina koktemku, akatou yokka vyardhaala nirvahana samstha, kotta samagra yaantrika-jeevasambandhamaina chikitsa soukaryam mariyu kotta paarisuddhya pallapu pradaesaaniki saha-aardhika sahayam chestundi. eee prajectuku 8 million dollarla runaanni andistunna clean technology fund dwara saha-aardhika sahayam andinchabadutundi.
eee prajectuku rashtra budget nundi muuladhana manjuru kooda maddatu istundi.
korea daata nidhi daadaapu €3,00,000 andinchindi mariyu eberdsherholder pratyeka nidhi project nirvahana, roopakalpana, injaneering, sikshana, kaaryaacharana merugudalalu mariyu itara anubandha kharchula kosam daadaapu €800,000 graantlanu andistondi.

