
darwin (operating system)

darwin anedi makolu (gatamlo oes ex mariyu maak oes ex), ios, vachos, tvos, ipados, visionos mariyu brizos yokka pradhana unix operating system. idhi gatamlo swatantra open soars operating systemga unikilo undhi, dheenini modata aapil ink vidudala chesindi. 2000loe. idhi tadupari dasha, bsd, maak mariyu itara uchita software prajectula code nundi pondina kodto paatu aapil abhivruddhi chesina kodto koodi untundi.
darwin ekkuvagaa posics-anukuulamainadi, conny eppuduu, posics yokka yea versiontho anukuulamgaa unnatlu dhruvikarinchabadaledu. chirutapulito praarambhinchi, makolu single unix specification version 3 (sasvi3) kuu anukuulamgaa unnatlu dhruvikarinchabadindi.
charitra.
darwin yokka vaarasatvam unix utpannaalato praarambhamaindi, idhi tadupari tadupari dasha operating system yokka amsaalatoe anubandhinchabadindi (taruvaata, version 4 nundi, open step anie pilustaaru), idhi 1989loe modatisaarigaa vidudalaindi. aapil 1996loe tadupari konugolu chesina taruvaata, daani tadupari operating systemnu open step aadhaaramgaa prakatinchinatlu prakatinchindi. idhi 1997loe rhapsodyga, 1999loe maak oes ex sarvar 1gaa, 2000loe maak oes ex public beetaga mariyu 2001loe maak oes ex 10gaa abhivruddhi cheyabadindi.
1999loe, maak 2.5 microkernal, bsd unix 4.4 oes mariyu maak oes ex sarvar yokka apachi web sarvar bhagala kosam soars kodnu vidudala cheyanunnatlu aapil prakatinchindi. aaa samayamlo, taatkaalika seeevo steve jobbs british prakruti shaastravetta charless darvinnu "endukante idhi parinaamaaniki sambandhinchinadi" anie prakatinchadam dwara suuchimchaadu. 2000loe, maak oes ex yokka pradhana operating system bhagalu aapil public soars licenses (eah. pii. ess. ell) kinda open soars softwarega darwin gaa vidudala cheyabaddaayi; coco mariyu carbon frameworklu vanti unnata sthaayi bhagalu closed sorsga undipoyaayi.
2005 eprillo vidudalaina darwin 8.1 varaku, aapil prati pradhana maak oes ex vidudala tarvaata binary installernu (ii. ess. oo. chitramgaa) vidudala chesindi, idhi power pisi mariyu intel x86 vyavasthalalo darvinnu swatantra operating systemga install cheyadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. chinna naveekaranalu vidigaa vyavasthaapinchabadina packageluga vidudala cheyabaddaayi. darwin ippudu soars kodga matrame andubaatulo undhi. janavari 2023 natiki, aapil ikapai thana open soars websitelo darwin paerunu prastaavinchaledu mariyu makolu mariyu ioslaku sambandhinchina open soars prajectula asampoorna sekarananu matrame prachuristundi.
design.
kernell.
darwin yokka kernell xnu, idhi osf nundi osfmke 7.3 (open software foundation maak kernell), freebsd yokka vividha amsaalu (proses modal, network stock mariyu virtual file systemtho sahaa) mariyu ii/oo kitt anie piluvabade object-oriented device driver apini upayoginche hybrid kernell. hybrid kernell design microkernal yokka vasyatanu mariyu ekasila kernell yokka paniteerunu andistundi.
hardware mariyu software maddatu.
darwin yokka chivari bootable puurti vidudala 32-bitt mariyu 64-bitt aapil power pisi systems mariyu 32-bitt intel pisilaku maddatu ichindi.
darwin prastutam intel-aadhaarita maaklalo upayoginche intel x86 processorla yokka 64-bitt x 86-64 roopaantaram mariyu iphone 5sloe upayoginche 64-bitt arm processorlu mariyu taruvaata, 6va taram ipod touch, 5va taram ipad mariyu taruvaata, ipad air family, ipad minee 2 mariyu taruvaata, ipad proo family, nalgava taram mariyu taruvaata aapil tvlu, homepad family mariyu 2020 aapil emm1 maaks vanti aapil silicon thoo kuudina maaklaku alaage rospberry paie 3bii kii maddatunu kaligi undhi. 2009 nundi naveekarinchabadinatlu kanipinchakapoyinappatiki, xnu kernell yokka open-soars port unikilo undhi, idhi intel mariyu aapil chetha adhikarikamga maddatu ivvani AMD x86 platformlalo darwinku maddatu istundi. xnu kernell yokka open-soars port kooda arm platformla kosam undhi, ayithe idhi 2016 nundi naveekarinchabadaledu. paatha versionlu konni ledhaa anni 32-bitt power pisi, 64-bitt power pisi, 32-bitt x86 mariyu 32-bitt aarmlaku maddatu icchaayi.
idhi daani bsd vamsam (ekkuvagaa freebsd userland) dwara posics apiki maddatu istundi mariyu vividha itara unix-lanty vyavasthala kosam vraayabadina pedda sankhyalo prograamlanu soars kodlo etuvanti maarpulu lekunda darwinlo sankalanam cheyavachu.
darwin loe carbon mariyu coco apis ledhaa quartz compositor mariyu akwa user interfaces vanti makola yokka aneka nirvachinche amsaalu laevu, anduvalla maak applicationlanu amalu cheyalemu. ayithe, idhi makola yokka antagaa teliyani aneka lakshanaalaku maddatu istundi, veetilo multy cast dns responder mariyu banjore networking technologylo pradhana bhaagam ayina emdiensponder mariyu adhunaatana seva nirvahana framework ayina lanched vantivi unnaayi.
licenses.
juulai 2003loe, aapil public soars licenses (eah. pii. ess. ell) yokka version 2 kinda darvinnu vidudala chesindi, dheenini free software foundation (eff. ess. eff) gnu general public licenseku anukuulamgaa laeni uchita software licensega vargeekarinchindi. munupati samskaranalu eah. pii. ess. ell licenses yokka munupati samskarana kinda vidudala cheyabaddaayi, idhi uchita software yokka eff. ess. eff nirvachanaaniki anugunamgaa ledhu, ayinappatikee idhi open soars nirvachanam yokka avasaralanu teerchindi.
vidudala charitra.
pradhana darwin vidudalala pattika krinda ivvabadindi, vaati vidudala teedeelu mariyu vaati utpanna operating system vidudalalatoe. sambandhita vidudalalu vaerae teedeena vidudala ayi undavacchani gamaninchandi.
darwin 0-8 mariyu sambandhita maak oes ex vidudalalu.
maak oes ex v10.1.1 vidudalatoe darwin version sankhyala 1.4.1 nundi 5.1 varaku peragadam anedi darvinnu maak oes ex versiontho mudipettadaaniki mariyu sankhya vyavasthanu nirminchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi, idhi tadupari dasha nundi vaarasatvamgaa vastundi. makola billed numbering vyavasthalo, prati samskaranaku oka pratyaekamaina prarambha billed number untundi, idhi makola yokka mottam samskaranalo yea bhaagam anie gurtistundi. maak oes x v10.0 4thoo praarambhamayye billed numberlu kaligi undhi, 10.1 loe 5thoo praarambhamayye billed numberlu unnaayi, modalainavi (munupati billed numberlu developer vidudalalanu suuchistaayi).
darwin 20 nundi.
"gamanikah paie pattikalu sambandhita oes vidudalala vidudala teedeelanu kaligi untaayi. darwin samskaranala nirmaana teedeelu bahirangamgaa andubaatulo laevu; diguva aadesaalu xᱱᱩ kernell nirmaana teedeeni matrame istayi."
terminalloni command darwin version nambarnu ("20.3.0") chooputundi, mariyu command xnu billed version stringnu chooputundi, indulo darwin version number untundi.
command sambandhita utpatti paeru ("macos"), utpatti marpidi sankhya ("11.2.3") mariyu billed varshan string ("20d91") nuu chooputundi.
utpannamaina prajectulu.
darwin yokka uchita software swabhaavam kaaranamgaa, operating systemnu savarinchadam ledhaa meruguparachadam lakshyamgaa prajectulu unnaayi.
opendervin.
opendervin anedi darwin vyavastha aadhaaramgaa community netrutvamloni operating system. dheenini aapil ink 2002 eprillo sthaapinchindi. mariyu internet systems consortium. aapil developerlu mariyu uchita software community madhya sahakaranni penchadam dheeni lakshyam. aapil eee project nundi prayojanam pondindi endukante opendervin merugudalalu darwin vidudalalo chaerchabadataayi; mariyu uchita/open soars community daani swantha operating systempy puurti niyantrana ivvadam dwara prayojanam pondindi, dheenini appudu gnu-darwin vanti uchita software pampinheelalo upayoginchavacchu.
juulai 25,2006naa, opendervin brundam eee project moosiveyabadutundani prakatinchindi, endukante opendervin "maak oes ex sambandhita prajectulaku kevalam hosting sadupaayamgaa maarindi", mariyu swatantra darwin operating systemnu roopondinche prayatnaalu viphalamayyaayani vaaru bhaavinchaaru. vaaru ilaa kooda perkonnaruhu "vanarula labhyata, aapil pratinidhulatho paraspara charya, muulaalanu nirminchadamlo mariyu track cheyadamlo ibbandi, mariyu samajam nundi aasakti lekapovadam annee dheeniki dohadapaddayi."chivari sthiramaina vidudala version 7.2.1, idhi juulai 16,2004naa vidudalaindi.
puredarvin.
puredervin anedi darwin kosam aapil vidudala chesina soars code nundi bootable operating system chitraanni roopondinche project. opendervin aagipoyinappati nundi mariyu darwin 8. x nundi bootable chitraala vidudala nundi, aneka bhagalu closed sorsga maaradamtho puurti operating systemnu srushtinchadam chaalaa kashtam. 2015loe eee project darwin 9 aadhaaramgaa x11 gwi aadhaaramgaa preview vidudalanu srushtinchindi, taruvaata darwin 17 aadhaaramgaa 17.4 beata command line matrame undhi.