
lakshyaala erpaatu

lakshya nirnayamlo oka vyaktini ledhaa samuuhaanni lakshyam vaipu prerepinchadaaniki mariyu maarganirdesam cheyadaaniki roopondinchina kaaryaacharana pranaalikanu abhivruddhi cheyadam untundi. korikalu mariyu taatkaalika uddeshaala kante lakshyalu ekkuva uddeshapoorvakamgaa untaayi. anduvalla, lakshyalanu nirdesinchukovadam antey oka vyakti lakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki aalochana, bhavodvegam mariyu pravartanaku kattubadi unnaadani ardham. alaa cheyadamlo, goal setter vaari prastuta sthithiki bhinnamgaa kaavalasina bhavishyat sthithini sthaapinchaadu, tadwara oka asamatulyatanu srushtistaadu, idhi bhavishyat charyalanu prerepistundi. lakshya nirdhaarananu smart pramaanaalu vanti lakshya-nirdhaarana pramaanaala (ledhaa niyamaalu) dwara maarganirdesam cheyavachu. vyaktigata abhivruddhi mariyu nirvahana saahityamlo lakshya nirdhaarana anedi oka pradhana bhaagam. edwin eah. loke mariyu athani sahacharulu, mukhyamgaa, gyaarii latham, marinta nirdishtamaina mariyu pratishtaatmakamaina lakshyalu sulabhamaina ledhaa saadhaarana lakshyaala kante ekkuva paniteeru merugudalaku daariteestaayani chuupimchaaru. lakshyalu nirdishtamgaa, samaya parimiti mariyu kashtamgaa undaali. aspashtamaina lakshyalu parimita shraddha vanarulanu taggistaayi. avaastavikamgaa takkuva samaya parimitulu uddesapurvaka sthaayiki velupala lakshyam yokka kashtanni teevrataram chestaayi mariyu asamaana samaya parimitulu prothsaahakaramgaa laevu. saamarthyam kaadu, prerana aaa sthaayi paniteerunu saadhinchadaanni parimitam chestundani bhaavinchi, paniteeru yokka 90va saatamlo kashtamaina lakshyalanu aadarsamgaa nirdesinchaali. vyakti lakshyanni angeekarinchinanta kaalam, daanini saadhinche saamarthyam unnanta varaku, mariyu viruddhamaina lakshyalu lenintha varaku, lakshya kashtam mariyu pani paniteeru madhya saanukuula sarala sambandham untundi.
kontamandi itarulakanna enduku merugga panicheestaaraneedaaniki saralamaina, atyanta pratyaksha preranaatmaka vivarana emitante, vaaru ververu paniteeru lakshyalanu kaligi undatam anie loke mariyu sahacharula siddhaantam perkondi. siddhaantam yokka saaraamsam emitante
charitra.
kshetra mariyu prayogasaala amarikala dwara lakshya nirdhaarana siddhaantam abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. sessil alek gada 1935loe modati anubhavika adhyayanalanu nirvahinchindi.
edwin eah. 1960la madhyalo loke lakshya nirnayaanni pariseelinchadam praarambhinchindi mariyu 30 samvatsaraalaku paiga lakshya nirdhaaranapai parisoedhananu konasaaginchindi. nirdishtamaina, kashtamaina lakshyalanu nirdesinchukunna vyaktulu saadhaarana, sulabhamaina lakshyalanu nirdesinchina vaari kante merugga panicheesaarani ayana kanugonnaru. aristatle yokka tudi kaarana roopam nundi goal setting aalochananu loke roopondinchaaru. aristatle uddesyam charyaku kaaranamavutundani oohinchaadu; anduvalla, loke maanava karyakalapalapai prabhava lakshyalapai parisoedhana praarambhinchaadu. loke 1960laloe thana lakshya-nirdhaarana siddhaantaanni abhivruddhi chesi, suddhi chesi, eee amsampai thana modati kathanaanni prachurinchaadu, 1968loe "pani prerana mariyu prothsaahakaala siddhaantam vaipu". eee vyaasam spashtamgaa gurtinchabadina lakshyalu mariyu paniteeru madhya saanukuula sambandhaanni sthaapinchindi.
pradhana aalochana.
saamarthyaanni niyantrinchina taruvaata, saadhinchadaaniki kashtamgaa mariyu nirdishtamaina lakshyalu, lakshyalu lekunda ledhaa prajalaku vaari uttamamaina panini cheyamani cheppadam kante paniteerunu chaalaa ekkuvagaa penchutaayi. anduvalla kontamandi vyaktulu itarulanu enduku adhigamistaaranedaaniki saralamaina preranaatmaka vivarana emitante vaariki ververu lakshyalu unnaayi. oka lakshyanni marinta nirdishtamgaa eee krindi vidhamgaa cheyavachuhu
lakshyalanu nirdesinchukovadam anedi phalitaalanu naalugu vidhaluga prabhaavitam chestundih
dviteeya aalochanalu.
lakshya nibaddhata.
prajalu konni lakshyalanu saadhinchadaaniki kattubadi unnappudu merugaina paniteerunu kanabarustaaru. vyaktigata paniteerupai lakshya nirnaya prabhavam gurinchi avagahana dwara, samsthalu samsthaagata paniteeruku prayojanam chekuurchadaaniki lakshya nirdhaarananu upayoginchagalavu. adanamgaa, lakshya nibaddhatato paatu vellae maroka amsam kooda lakshya angeekaaram. idhi vaari nirdishta lakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki oka vyakti yokka sumukhata. loke mariyu latham (2002) goal setting vijayanni soochinche mugguru moderatorlanu suchinchayih
painundi eee moodintini vistarinchadam, nibaddhata sthaayi bahya kaarakaalache prabhaavitamavutundi. lakshyanni ketayinche vyakti, vyakti saadhinchadaaniki/pradarsinchadaaniki pramaanaanni nirnayinchadam vantivi. idhi lakshyanni ketaayinchina vyaktitoe vyakti entha kattubadi unnado daani dwara nibaddhata sthaayini prabhaavitam chestundi. oka bahya amsam kooda vyakti yokka aadarsapraayamaina amsam kaavacchu. udaaharanaku, oka vyakti thana manager vaipu chuusi, vaari abhiprayam gurinchi shraddha vahistaadani, aaa vyakti aaa vyakti nundi lakshya-nirdhaarana vyuuhaalanu vinee avakaasam ekkuvagaa undani, chivariki vaaru korukunna lakshyaaniki marinta kattubadi untaarani cheppandi.
lakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki paniloo vaari bhaagaswaamya sthaayi nundi antargata karakalu pondavacchu. vaaru tama nundi emi aasistaaro adhi vaari vijayanni vruddhi cheyavachu ledhaa naasanam cheyavachu. alaage, vyakti thana thotivaalla kante ledhaa pootiidaarula kante unnatamaina vyaktigaa kanipinchaalani anukovacchu. vaaru lakshyanni uttamamgaa saadhinchaalani mariyu daaniki prasiddhi chendaalani korukuntaru. oka lakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki sweeya-bahumati saadhaaranamgaa vyaktulanu kattubadi unche pradhana keelalo okati. udaaharanaku, oka vyakti tama companyki adhyakshudiga maaradaaniki krushi chestunte, vaaru tama lakshyanni saadhisthe, vaaru tamaku taamu edainaa mukhyamaina bahumatini ivvavacchu.
vyaktulu tama lakshyalanu nirdesinchukodaniki anusarinchagala maroka maargam (std) antey, vaari lakshyalanu nirdishtamgaa, kaalaparimitito mariyu kashtamgaa nirnayinchukovadam. pratyaekamgaa, oka vyakti yokka lakshyanni 90va saatamlo kashtam vadda sett cheyali.
lakshyam-paniteeru sambandham.
loke mariyu sahacharulu (1981) lakshya-nirdhaarana yokka pravartanaa prabhavalanu pariseelinchaaru, nirdishta mariyu savaalu lakshyaalato kuudina prayogasaala mariyu kshetra adhyayanaalalo 90 saatam sulabhamaina ledhaa lakshyalu laeni vaati kante ekkuva paniteeruku daariteesaayani nirdhaarinchaaru. endukante oka vyakti oka lakshyam dwara antargatamgaa prerepinchabadithe, vaaru antargata bahumatulanu pondadaaniki lakshyanni jayinchalanukuntaru mariyu daani kaaranamgaa santrupti chendutaaru.
udyogulanu "tama vanthu krushi cheyamani" prerepinchadam saripodani loke und latham (2006) vaadinchaaru. "okari uttamamaina panini cheyadam" anae padaaniki bahya suuchana ledhu, idhi nirdishta pravartananu velikiteese vishayamlo panikiraanidigaa chestundi. maroka vyakti nundi konni nirdishta pravartananu pondadaaniki, eee vyakti vaari nundi emi aasinchabadutundane daanipai spashtamaina drukpatham kaligi undatam mukhyam. oka lakshyam chaalaa mukhyamainadi endukante idhi oka vyakti vaari prayatnaalanu oka nirdishta disalo kendreekarinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi. maroe maatalo cheppalante, lakshyalu pravartananu maarganirdesam chestaayi. ayithe, perkonadam kashtamaina sanklishtamaina panulu mariyu disalanu edurkonnappudu, neerchukoevadampai drushti saarinchi, evarikainaa "vaari vanthu krushi cheyandi" anie cheppadam, konnisaarlu nirdishta lakshyalanu nirdesinchagala merugaina vyuuhaala aavishkaranaku daariteestundi. eee spashtamaina vairudhyaaniki parishkaram, ikkada "mea uttamamaina pani cheyandi" anae paristhiti konni paristhitulalo adhika nirdishta paniteeru lakshyam kante ekkuva pani paniteeruku daariteestundi, pani sanklishtatanu parigananaloki teesukunnappudu parishkarinchabadutundi. pratyaekamgaa, panini nirvahinchadaaniki mundastu naipunyaalu mariyu ghnaanam inca lenappudu, sanklishtamaina paniloo, "mea uttamamaina pani cheyandi" anae paristhiti paniteeru lakshya paristhitini adhigaminchagaladu. badulugaa oka adhika, nirdishta abhyasa lakshyanni nirdesinchinatlayite, appudu lakshyam-paniteeru sambandham nirvahinchabadutundi mariyu (abhyasa) lakshya nirdhaarana paristhiti "mea uttamamaina pani" paristhitini adhigamistundi.
pratispandana.
pratispandana mariyu lakshya amarika okadaanitoe okati kalipi upayoginchinappudu chaalaa paraspara sambandham kaligi untaayi mariyu marinta prabhaavavantamgaa untaayi. abhiprayanni andinchakundaa lakshyalanu sthaapinchaleni vidhamgaane lakshyalu lekunda abhiprayanni ivvalemu.
lakshyanni nirdesinchadam anedi phalitaanni lakshyamtho pratikuulamgaa ledhaa sanukoolamgaa polchadam dwara feedback loopla srushtiki daariteestundi. pratikuula pratispandana looplu tadupari loop chakramlo avutputnu meruguparachadaaniki lakshya saadhanatho anubandhinchabadina inputnu penchadaaniki daariteestaayi. saanukuula pratispandana looplu, taginantagaa balopetam kakapoyina, takkuva kashtataramaina sthaayilo tadupari lakshyaala amarikaku daariteestundi. 
pratikuula pratispandananu reframe cheyavachu mariyu lopaalu abhyasam mariyu lakshya sadhana prakriyaku prayojanakaramgaa kanipistaayi mariyu palgonevari sthithisthaapakathanu penchutaayi. eee reframing prakriyanu error management training dwara mariyu errarstho elaa nimagnam kavalane daani gurinchi spashtamaina suuchanalatoe bodhinchavachhu. dosha nirvahana sikshanalo paalgonevaaru pranaalika, paryaveekshanha mariyu moolyaankanam yokka metacognitive karyakalapalanu abhyasistaaru.
pratikuula pratispandana lakshya rakam, grahinchina udriktata mariyu manassakshi thoo kooda sankarshana chendutundi. adhika manassakshi mariyu paniteeru lakshyalu unna vyaktulu pratikuula pratispandana taruvaata adhika ottidini anubhavistaaru, idhi takkuva paniteeruku daariteestundi. pratikuula pratispandana yokka prabhavam takkuva haanikaramgaa unde abhyasa lakshyaala vishayamlo idhi jaragadu.
saraina feedback chaanallu lekunda udyogulu avasaramaina pravartanaku anugunamgaa ledhaa sardubaatu chesukovadam asadhyam. tama lakshyalanu saadhinchadamlo udyogulu entha prabhaavavantamgaa unnaro telusukovadaaniki veelugaa nirvaahakulu paniteerunu gamanistuu undaali. swalpakaalika lakshyalapai abhiprayanni andinchadam anedi lakshyam patla prerana mariyu nibaddhatanu konasaaginchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi. udyogi pondagalige rendu rakaala feedback unnaayi (phalitam mariyu proses feedback). lakshyam ledhaa kaaryaacharana puurtayina tarvaata phalita pratispandana untundi, mariyu prakriya pratispandana anedi lakshyam poortayye samayamlo untundi. lakshyalanu saadhinchadaaniki anusarinche vyuuhaalapai mariyu saadhinchina tudi phalitaalapai abhiprayanni andinchaali.
taatkaalika prerana siddhaantaanni upayoginchi lakshya amarikanu gowravinchadam.
loke und latham (2004) goal setting siddhaantamlo "samaya drukpatham yokka samasya" ledani perkondi. dheenini parigananaloki teesukunte, steel mariyu conig (2006) tama taatkaalika prerana siddhaantaanni (tmt) goal setting prabhavalanu parigananaloki teesukoovadaaniki upayoginchukuntaaru mariyu daani moderatorla jataku sambandhinchi kotta parikalpanalanu suchistaruh goal kashtam mariyu saameepyata. lakshya nirdharana yokka prabhavanni tmt yokka rendu amsaala dwara vivarinchavacchuhu taggutunna rabadi suutram mariyu taatkaalika taggimpu. bhagala mottam mottam kante ekkuvagaa undavacchu" anae vyakteekarana maadirigaane, oka prajectnu aneka, takshana, upa lakshyaluga vibhajinchadam eee rendu amsaalanu sadviniyogam chesukunnatlu kanipistundi.
atigaa lakshyalu.
lakshyalanu sopaanakramaanni roopondinche namoonaga roopondinchavacchu, atuvanti sopanakramamlo unnata sthaayi saaraamsam vadda unna lakshyalu adhirohana lakshyalu. adhirohana lakshyalu takkuva khachitamainavi mariyu nirdishta mugimpu binduvu kaligi undavu, conny marinta khachitamaina adheena lakshyam yokka konni prayojanaalanu kaligi untaayi.
sweeya-niyantrita abhyasam.
sweeya-niyantrita abhyaasampai saahityam niyantrana siddhaantam, sweeya-samarthatha, kaaryaacharana niyantrana mariyu vanarula ketayimpu vanti vistrutamaina saiddhaantika drukpathaalu mariyu bhaavanalanu kaligi undagaa, pranaalika, paryaveekshanha, metacognition, shraddha, abhyasa vyuuhaalu, pattudala, samaya nirvahana, paryaavarana nirmaanam, sahayam korukovadam, bhavodvega niyantrana, prerana, prayatnam mariyu sweeya-samarthatha vanti sweeya-niyantrana yantraamgaala praarambhakartagaa vaastavamgaa eee vidhaanaalannintilo lakshya-amarika keelaka bhaagam.
samoohaalalo lakshyanni nirdesinchadam.
lakshyalu mariyu mukhya phalitaalu.
praarambhamlo lakshyaala (mbo) namuunaa dwara drucker nirvahana aadhaaramgaa, vyaparam kosam lakshya nirdhaarana siddhaantam yokka prasiddha anuvartita samskarana lakshyalu mariyu keelaka phalitaala namuunaa (okr). vaastavaaniki intello aandii grove chae abhivruddhi cheyabadina eee sadhanam, nirdishtamaina, khachitamaina, savaalu chese, pratishtaatmakamaina mariyu kolavagala mariyu kaalaparimitilo keelaka phalitaalanu kaligi unna vyaktigata mariyu sahakaara lakshya jattu lakshyalanu nirdesinchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi. taruvaata google mariyu gates foundation vanti aneka itara companylu mariyu foundationlaku grove sishyudu zaan door dwara okrs parichayam cheyabaddaayi, ayana pustakam "mukhyamaina vaatini kolavandi" vistruta shreni samsthaagata amarikalalo okrs vadakanni vivaristundi.
kreedalu mariyu fitnesslo lakshyanni nirdesinchadam.
lakshya nirdhaarana siddhaantam yokka siddhaantaalu saadhaaranamgaa bhouthika domainlalo nijamavutaayi. unnata paatasaala vidyaarthula adhyayanamlo kuurchoevadaaniki pareekshalanu upayoginchadam dwara vidyaarthulandaruu saadhaarana lakshya nirdhaarana siddhaantam nundi lakshya nirdishtata mariyu lakshya kashtam suutraalaku maddatu ichhe nirdishta lakshyamtho pradarsinchina nirdishta mariyu savaluga unna lakshyanni nirdesistaaru. prekshakulu lekunda sramatho kuudina conny avasaramaina sikshanalo takkuva paniteeru kanabariche dhorani nundi aaa vyaktitva lakshanamtho unna athletlanu rakshinchadam dwara sweeya-perigina norsesism unna athletlaku goal setting mukhyamgaa prayojanakaramgaa unnatlu kanipistundi.
pani pradaesaalaloo lakshyanni nirdesinchukovadam.
vyaparamlo, lakshya amarika anedi samsthalalo prayatnaalanu samalekhanam cheyadaaniki, lakshyalanu teliyajeyadaaniki mariyu vyaktulu mariyu samuuhaalaku preranatho paatu pani paniteerunu meruguparachadaaniki oka prajaadarana pondina sakshyam aadhaarita vidhanamgaa undhi. lakshya amarika paalgonevaarini "mea uttamamaina paristhitini cheyandi" anedaaniki minchi gananeeyamaina krushi cheyadaaniki prothsahistundi. alaage, prati sabhyudu tama paatrapai anchanaalanu nirvachinchinanduna, gurtinchabadanintagaa undataaniki taginanta, upanta prayatnaaniki takkuva sthalam migili untundi.
udyogi prerana.
entha ekkuva mandhi udyogulu prerepinchabadithe, vaaru antha ekkuva prerepinchabadataru mariyu lakshyalanu angeekarinchadaaniki aasakti chuuputaaru. eee vijaya karakalu okadaanipai okati aadharapadi untaayi. udaaharanaku, udyogulu lakshya nirdhaarana prakriyaloo palgonnappudu lakshyaala yokka aasinchina phalitaalu sanukoolamgaa prabhaavitamavutaayi. bhagaswamyam nirdesinchina lakshyalanu saadhinchadamlo nibaddhatanu penchadame kakunda, palgonadam sweeya-saamarthyaanni kooda prabhaavitam chestundi. adanamgaa, okari purogatini paryaveekshinchadaaniki pratispandana avasaram. pratispandananu samarpinchanappudu, oka udyogi taamu taginanta purogati saadhinchadam ledani anukovacchu. idhi sweeya-saamarthyaanni taggistundi mariyu tadwara deerghakaalamlo paniteeru phalitaalanu debbateestundi.
pani pradaesamloe sikshana.
sikshana phalitaalanu meruguparachadaaniki lakshya amarika upayoginchabadutundi. udaaharanaku, tomokaju kishiki mariyu sahacharulu goal setting kaaryakramamlo vaari bhagaswamyam paniteeru mariyu pareeksha skorlanu meruguparustundaa ledhaa anie nirnayinchadaaniki shastrachikitsa shikshanaarthulapai yaadruchchika niyantrita vichaarananu nirvahinchaaru; saadhinchagala lakshyalanu jodinchadam shikshanaarthulaku prayojanakaramgaa unnatlu kanipinchindi. sikshana prakriyala samayamlo lakshyanni saraina reetilo amalu chesinappudu, udyogi prerana mariyu samsthaagata nibaddhata rendoo peragavacchu.
antekakunda, lakshya nirnayamlo sikshana anedi telikapati nundi teevramaina medho vaikalyam unna peddalu mariyu pillalalo adhika sthaayi panitiirutoe mudipadi undhi.
pani-jeevita samatulyata.
udyogi pani jeevita samatulyatanu nirvahinchelaa chudalane perkonna lakshyamtho konni companylu lakshya nirdhaarananu kooda upayogistaayi. dheeni venuka unna aalochana emitante, udyogulu tama sreyassunu meruguparachadaaniki pani kaani sambandhita lakshyanni nirdesinchukuntaaru, mariyu nirvaahakulu jattu sabhyulaku aaa lakshyalaku kattubadi undataaniki sahaayapadataaru. aacharanalo dheeniki oka udaaharana "oka saadhaarana vishayam", google upayoginche lakshya-nirnaya sreyassu abhyasam.
vyaktigata paniteerupai prabhavam.
nirvaahakulu nirantaram prerananu andinchaleru ledhaa udyogi panini nirantara praatipadikana track cheyaleru. anduvalla lakshyalu nirvaahakulaku oka mukhyamaina sadhanam, endukante lakshyalu udyogulaku panulaku praadhaanyata ivvadamlo sahayapade sweeya-niyantrana yantraamgaa panichese saamarthyaanni kaligi untaayi.
lakshya nirdhaarana vyaktigata paniteerunu prabhaavitam cheyagala naalugu vidhaanaalu
vidyalo jokyam.
lakshya nirdhaarana nundi domine saadhaarana prayojanaalu.
lakshya nirdhaarana parisoedhana anedi vividha vayasulalo vistruta shreni vidya prayojanaala kosam jokyanni amalu cheyadaaniki samarthavanthamaina mariyu chavakaina phalitaalanu choopinchindi. kashtapadutunna under graduate vidyaarthulatho praarambhinchi, niyantrana samuuhamtoe polchinappudu, domine nirdishta vidya lakshyalanu kakunda saadhaarana lakshyalanu nirdesinchukunna vidyaarthulu jokyam tarvaata semisterlo eee krindi prayojanaalanu anubhavinchaarani konni aadharalu unnaayi, avi, i) perigina gpa, ii) puurti course bharanni konasaginche adhika sambhaavyata, iii) sweeya nivedinchina pratikuula prabhaavamlo taggudala. lakshya nirdhaarana parisoedhana domine nirdishtamgaa unnappatikee, eee phalitaalu, lakshya nirdhaarana nundi vachhe prayojanaalu lakshyam yokka domainku minchina lakshya nirnayakulaku vistruta prayojanaalanu kaligi undavacchani suuchistunnaayi.
under graduatelatho marinta pani cheyadam valla vidyaetara lakshyalanu nirdesinchinappatiki eee vistruta prayojanaalu vartistaayani suuchimchimdi. idhi asalu lakshya nirdhaarana siddhaantaanni adhika sthaayi jeevita lakshyaala nundi marinta saadhaarana domine "vyaapti" prabhavanni chaerchadaaniki savarinchavacchani mariyu domaintho sambandham lekunda saadhaarana jeevita lakshyaala gurinchi rayadam vidya paniteerunu meruguparustundani suuchimchavachchu. eee jeevita lakshyalanu abhivruddhi cheyadamlo i) saadhyamainanta uttamamaina jeevitaanni pratibimbimchadam/oohinchadam, ii) saadhyamainanta uttamamaina jeevitaanni saadhinchadaaniki sambandhinchina manchi naanhyamaina lakshyalanu jabita cheyadam, iii) vaatini elaa saadhinchaalo vyuuham roopondinchadam, iv) oohinchina addankula gurinchi vraatapuurvakamgaa pratibimbimchadam, v) eee oohinchina addamkulanu adhigaminchadaaniki nirdishta pranaalikalanu abhivruddhi cheyadam vanti anusandhaanita vidhanalu undavacchu.
lingam mariyu jaathi aadhaaramgaa saadhinchina antaraalanu moosiveyadam.
lakshya nirdharana jokyalu vidya sadhana mariyu perigina nilupudala raetla rangaalalo nirantara linga (konasagutunna purusha takkuva paniteeru) mariyu jaathi sadhana antaraalanu moosiveyadam paramgaa aasaajanakamaina mariyu kolavagala phalitaalanu choopinchaayi. oka adhyayanamlo, trutheeya vidyalo purushula nirantara takkuva paniteeru, oka samvatsaram jokyam tarvaata mahilalatho samaanatvaanni saadhinchadaaniki daadaapu puurtigaa moosiveyabadindi. adhe lakshyanni nirdesinche jokyam yokka rendava samvatsaram natiki jaathi sadhana antaraanni moosiveyadamlo idhe vidhamaina saanukuula prabhavalu nivedinchabaddaayi. vidyaarthula vidya vruttiloo prarambha lakshyanni nirdesinche jokyam kaneesam trutheeya sthaayilo vidya saadhanalo linga mariyu jaathi minority asamaanatalanu gananeeyamgaa mariyu gananeeyamgaa tagginchagaladani eee phalitaalu suuchistunnaayi. madhyamika vidya sthaayilo ilanti teermaanaalanu teesukogalara anie chuudataaniki marinta krushi cheyalsi undhi.
lakshya nirdhaarana kosam reflection daireela upayogam.
moodu vruddhi lakshyalanu nirdesinchadam dwara sweeya-pratibimbimchae mariyu vyaktigata vruddhi chuttoo drushti saarinchina chivari samvatsaram vishwavidyaalaya vidyaarthulatho lakshya-nirdhaarana karyakalapalu mariyu pratibimba diarylalo purogatini namodu cheyadam lakshyanni nirdesinchadam mariyu lakshyaala vaipu purogati saadhinchadam aneka saanukuula prabhavalanu chooputundani choopistundi. veetilo perigina aatmagouravam, samayam mariyu merugaina ottidi nirvahana mariyu sweeya paryaveekshanha naipunhyaalatho paatu prerepinche mariyu saktivantamaina prabhavalu unnaayi. kaneesam under graduatela vishayamlo, reflective diary elementto vruddhi lakshyalanu nirdesinchadam vidya kaaryakramaalaku upayogakaramaina adanamgaa undavacchani ivi suuchistunnaayi.
online learning mariyu bhaarii open online korsulu (emooseelu).
paniteeru mariyu abhyasa lakshyaala settingtho sahaa lakshya-nirdhaarana karyakalapalu mook paalgonevaariki perigina paniteeru mariyu puurti raetlu rendintitho mudipadi unnaayi. course praarambhamlo lakshyanni nirdesinche vraata karyakalapalanu puurti chesina vidyaarthulu lakshyalanu nirdesinchani vaari kante ekkuva kaalam saadhinchaaru. online abhyasam kosam, saadhaaranamgaa, panula gurinchi baga ardham chesukunna vidyaarthulu marinta vivaranaatmaka lakshyalanu nirdesistaaru mariyu tadwara abhyasa panulanu vivarinchadaaniki bodhanaa samayam upayogakaramgaa untundani suuchistuu adhika paniteerunu saadhistaaru.
pravartana nirvahana.
sarigga amalu cheyabadina bodhinchina lakshya-nirdhaarana karyakramalu keey-12 paatasaalallo pravartana mariyu bhavodvega nirvahana jokyala kosam prabhaavavantamgaa untaayi. mukhyamgaa, lakshya nirdhaarana prakriyapai vidyaarthula input, alaage purogatini paryaveekshinchadaaniki lakshya dayta sekarana mariyu lakshyaala disagaa purogatipai vidyaarthulaku adhika naanhyata gala abhiprayanni andinchela chudatam vanti karyakramalu marinta prabhaavavantamaina pravartana nirvahana jokyalu. pravartana nirvahana kosam sarigga roopondinchina lakshya nirdhaarana jokyanni nirdhaarinchadaaniki checklist yokka konni vaividhyaalu pravartanaa nirvahana kaaryakramaalaku samarthavanthamaina adanamgaa untaayi. atuvanti oka vilakshanhamaina tanikhi jaabitaalo eee krindi amsaalu undavachuhu
lakshya-amarika anedi samarthavantamgaa ledhaa daani swantamgaa ledhaa itara pravartana nirvahana jokyala packagelo bhaagamgaa kooda panichestundi.
vyaktigata jeevitamlo.
upa-lakshyalanu gurtinchadam.
saadhaarana vyaktigata lakshyaalalo baruvu taggadam, manchi gradelanu saadhinchadam mariyu dabbunu aadaa cheyadam vantivi unnaayi. lakshyanni nirdesinche vyuuham pedda chithramtho praarambhamavutundi; pedda chitraanni chinna bhagaluga vibhajinche mundu pariseelinchadam praathamika lakshyampai drushti pettadaniki veelu kalpistundi. pradhana lakshyanni nirdesinchina tarvaata, daanini chinna, marinta saadhinchagala bhagaluga vibhajinchadam lakshyanni nirdesinche pranaalika bhaagamlo sahaayapadutundi. eee chinna, marinta pondagalige lakshyalu aatmagouravaanni prothsahistaayi mariyu vyaktini paniloo unchadaaniki takshana abhiprayanni andistaayi.
samayam mariyu pani nirvahana.
samaya nirvahana anedi unnataadhikaarulu ledhaa okari swantamgaa ketaayinchina panulanu samarthavantamgaa mariyu sakalamlo kramabaddhamgaa puurti chese abhyasam. samaya nirvahana dasalaku lakshyanni gurtinchadam mariyu lakshyanni garishtamgaa samarthavantamgaa mariyu amalu chese pranaalikanu roopondinchadam avasaram. vyaktigata lakshya nirdhaaranaku sahayapade aneka upayogakaramaina mobile yaplu unnaayi; konni vargalalo budget, wellness, calender mariyu utpaadakata yaplu unnaayi.
haarvard business schoollo vaaru meeku emi bodhincharu" anae pustakam, vraatapuurvaka lakshyalu aardhika vijayampai gananeeyamaina prabhavanni chuuputaayani kanugonna oka adhyayananni udaharinchadaaniki prasiddhi chendindi, conny 1996loe "faast company" eee adhyayanam jaragaledani nirnayinchindi. 2015loe, lakshyalapai chesina oka parisoedhanaa adhyayanamlo vaatini vraasina vaaru vaatini vraayani vaari kante gananeeyamgaa ekkuva retutho saadhinchaarani kanugonnaru.
jeevita lakshyalu.
purogati jeevita lakshyalanu nirdesinchadam mariyu pratibimbimchadam anedi uddesapurvaka bhavanni andinchadaaniki mariyu aanandaanni penchadaaniki samarthavanthamaina jokyam anie aadharalu unnaayi. mukhyamgaa, itarula aadhaaramgaa jeevita lakshyalanu nirdesinchukovadam marinta saanukuula bhavodvegalaku daariteestundi, anduvalla tanapai drushti kendrikarinche lakshyaala kante anandampai marinta saanukuula prabhavanni chooputundi. eee prabhaavaaniki marinta aadharalu sweeya samrakshana/tanapai drushti pettadam kante saamaajika pravartana mariyu itarula patla daya chuupadam valla kalige marinta vistrutamaina vyaktigata prayojanaala dwara andinchabadataayi.
anaaroogyam mariyu gaayam nundi kolukovadam.
stroke rogulalo lakshya nirdhaarana chikitsalu merugaina karyanirvahaka paniteeru, shraddha/pani ghnaapakasakti mariyu abhyasanni meruguparichaayani yaadruchchika niyantrana pareekshala nundi aadharalu unnaayi. strokela valla kalige vascular cognitive balaheenataku preranaatmaka amsam undani suuchimchadamtoe paatu, ledhaa kaneesam vaati nundi kolukune paramgaa, stroke rogulalo abhignaa phalitaalanu meruguparachadaaniki lakshya amarika upayogakaramainadi, amalu cheyadaaniki sulabhamainadi mariyu kharchutho koodukunna parishkaramga kanipistundi.
parimitulu mariyu dushprabhaavaalu.
lakshya nirdhaaranaku parimitulu unnaayi mariyu lakshyaala durviniyogam mariyu mukhyamgaa paniteeru/phalita lakshyaala upayogam valla vyaktulu mariyu samsthalu iddarikee haanikaramaina dushprabhaavaalaku konni aadharalu unnaayi.
nayakudu mariyu samstha lakshyam tappu amarika.
oka samsthalo, oka nirvaahakudi lakshyam mottam samstha yokka lakshyaalato samalekhanam kakapovachhu. atuvanti sandarbhaallo, oka vyakti yokka lakshyalu upaadhi samsthatho neerugaa vibhedinchavacchu. samstha mariyu vyakti madhya lakshyalanu spashtamgaa samalekhanam cheyakunda, mottam paniteeru debbatinavacchu.
anaitika pravartana.
adanamgaa, prajalu tama aasinchina lakshyalanu saadhinchalenappudu lakshyanni nirdesinchukovadam anaitika pravartananu pempondistundani soochinche aadharalu unnaayi. schweetzer mariyu itarulu. nirdishta lakshyalu, "mea uttamamaina lakshyalanu saadhinchadam" kante, palgonevari nijamaina paniteeru lakshyaaniki takkuvagaa unte, paniteeru-goal antaram tagginappudu atigaa cheppukune pounahpunyam peragadamtho, atigaa cheppadaniki daariteestundani vaari parikalpanalaku anubhavika maddatu labhinchindi. naitikamgaa pravartananu samarthinche dhorani saapekshamgaa ekkuvagaa unna janabhalo oka upasamiti schweetzer mariyu itarulu gurtinchina mosam rakamlo palgone avakaasam undani niven mariyu healey kanugonnaru. lakshya nirnayamtho sambandham unna nirdishta dushprabhavalalo lakshyam kaani praantaalanu nirlakshyam chese irukaina drushti, marinta anaitika pravartana, vakreekarinchina pramaada praadhaanyatalu, samsthaagata samskrutiki nashtam mariyu antargata prerananu tagginchadam vantivi untaayi. adhika paniteeru gala lakshyam nirdishta paristhitulalo lakshyanni saadhinchaalane korikanu srushtinchadam dwara anaitika pravartananu prerepinche avakaasam unnatlu anipistundi, conny naitika taarkika prakriyalanu kooda maarchutundi mariyu mukhyamgaa, naitika upasamharana mariyu lakshyanni saadhinchadampai drushti pettadam valla naitika prerepita tarkaanni prothsahistundi.
iddaru ledhaa anthakante ekkuva mandhi vyaktulu sahakaram kante pootiini prothsahinche lakshyalanu kaligi unte lakshyalu samsthalalo atigaa ekamanaskamaina pooteeki kooda daariteeyavachchu. indulo samacharam ledhaa aalochanalanu nilipiveyadam, itarula lakshya purogatiki aatamkam kaliginchadam ledhaa vaari purogati patla udaaseenata chuupadam mariyu itara samstha sabhyulatho paraspara charya nundi puurtigaa vaidolagadam vantivi undavacchu. eee sambhaavya samasyalalo konnintiki parishkaram ekikruta samsthaagata drushtini ledhaa adhirohana lakshyanni nirdesinchadam.
tunnell drushti.
avasaramaina ghnaanam mariyu vyuuhaatmaka avagahana lekapothe lakshya nirdhaarana antarleena abhyasanni nirodhinchadamlo lopaanni kaligi undavachuhu lakshya amarika anedi anveshana, avagahana ledhaa vruddhiki nishkaapatyata lekunda phalitampai saralamaina drushtini prothsahinchavachhu mariyu phalitamgaa prajalanu "vaari uttamamaina panini" prothsahinchadam kante takkuva paniteeruku daariteestundi. eee parimitiki parishkaram emitante, "abhyasa" lakshyaalato paatu "paniteeru" lakshyalanu nirdesinchadam, tadwara lakshyalanu cherukune prakriyaloo bhaagamgaa abhyasam aasinchabadutundi. abhyasa lakshyalapai vibhaagamlo eee prabhavam mariyu daanini elaa edurkovalo marinta samacharam undhi. lakshyanni nirdesinchadam konni paristhitulalo paniteerunu kooda debbateestundi. atuvanti paristhitulalo oka vyakti gatamlo nirdesinchina lakshyanni saadhinchadampai atigaa drushti kendrikarinchinappudu, vaaru prastuta panulapai takkuva paniteeru kanabarustaaru.
irukaina drushti.
pani prerana yokka puurti siddhaantamgaa undataaniki lakshya nirdhaarana siddhaantam chaalaa irukainadigaa vimarsinchabadindi, endukante karyalaya prerana yokka anni amsaalanu parishkarinchadaaniki lakshyalu matrame saripovu. mukhyamgaa, kontamandi tamaku nachani lakshyalanu enduku enchukuntaaru ledhaa bahya prerana kante antargatamgaa elaa penchaali anae vishayanni idhi vivarinchadu. idhi lakshya nirdhaarananu sakalamlo pani prerana yokka marinta samagra siddhaantamlo vileenam chese avakaasaanni penchutundi.
siddhaantamlo parinaamaalu.
sweeya saamarthyam.
lakshya nirdhaarana siddhaantaaniki oka mukhyamaina adanamgaa bandura yokka saamaajika abhignaa siddhaantam nundi sweeya-saamarthyaanni cherchadam jarigindi. vistrutamgaa pani nirdishta aatmavisvaasamgaa nirvachinchabadina, lakshya nirdhaarana siddhaantam eee krindi margallo sweeya-saamarthyaanni kaligi untundih
nirdishta savaalu lakshyalanu cherukokapothe prajalu elaa spandistaaro kooda sweeya-samarthatha sthaayilu prabhaavitam chestaayi. adhika sweeya-samarthatha kaligina vyaktulu tama prayatnaalanu rettimpu chestaaru, ayithe takkuva sweeya-samarthatha unna vyaktulu takkuva krushi mariyu tiiraanni kharchu chestaaru. lakshya sadhana anedi sweeya-samarthathatho kooda sankarshana chendutundi mariyu savaalu chese lakshyalanu saadhinchina tarvaata kondaru mallee adhe sthaayi prayatnaanni kharchu cheyadaaniki vimukhata chuupavachchu mariyu vaaru kaligi unna lakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki sthirapadavachu kabatti lakshya sadhana anedi prayatnaalanu penchadaaniki daariteeyadu.
lakshya empika.
sweeya-samarthatha, gatha anubhavalu mariyu aneka itara saamaajika amsaalu lakshya nirnetapai prabhavam chuuputaayi. munupati lakshyalanu saadhinchadamlo vaiphalyam tarachugaa marinta saadhinchagala lakshyalanu nirdesinchadaaniki daariteestundi.
neerchukunee lakshyalu.
nirdishta paniteeru lakshyalanu kaligi undatam uttama empika kaanatuvanti sandarbhaalu unnaayi; eee sandarbhamlo lakshyaaniki inca pondabadani naipunyaalu ledhaa ghnaanam avasaram. tunnell drushti anedi nirdishta paniteeru lakshyaala paryavasanamga undavacchu; oka vyakti oka nirdishta lakshyanni saadhinchadampai ekkuva drushti pedithe, vaaru kotta naipunhyaalanu neerchukoevalasina ledhaa kotta samacharanni pondavalasina avasaranni vismarinchavacchu. eee bhavananu "basketball game task" adhyayanam dwara baga vivarinchabadindi, dheenilo pariseelakulu tella chokkalu mariyu nalla chokkalu dharinchina vyaktula brundam basketbalnu munduku venukaku daatutunna veediyoonu chuusaaru, mariyu tella chokkalu dharinchina aatagaalla madhya basketbalnu ennisaarlu daatutundo lekkinchaalani pariseelakulaku suuchimchaaru. veediyo samayamlo, terichina godugu mostunna oka mahila terapai nadustundi. tella chokkalu dharinchina aatagaalla madhya paasla sankhyanu lekkinchadampai drushti saarinchina 28 mandhi pariseelakulalo, godugu mostunna mahilanu gamaninchina vaaru 6 mandhi matrame. oka nirdishta panipai drushti pettakunda pariseelakulu veediyoonu chusinappudu, pariseelakulandaroo godugu mahilanu gamaninchaaru. sorangam drushti pramaadam ekkuvagaa unna paristhitulalo, "abhyasa lakshyam" nuu nirdesinchukovadam uttama empika. oka nirdishta amsam ledhaa rangamlo gnaanaanni saadhinchadaaniki oka abhyasa lakshyam anedi oka saadhaaraneekarinchina lakshyam, conny idhi chivariki abhyasa lakshyalaku sambandhinchina marinta sanklishtamaina panulalo merugaina paniteeruku daariteestundi.
paina perkonna vatiki marinta, abhyasa lakshyalanu marinta pratyaekamgaa "oka paniloo praaveenyam pondadaaniki abhivruddhi cheyalsina vyuuhaalu, prakriyalu ledhaa vidhaanaala kaavalasina sankhya" gaa amalu cheyavachu."saahityam nundi neerchukunee lakshyalaku konni nirdishta udaaharanalu krinda ivvabaddaayi
loke mariyu latham (2006) eee pratispandananu metacognitionku aapaadinchaayi. oka abhyasa lakshyam metacognitionnu sulabhataram chestundi ledhaa penchutundi-antey, lakshya sadhana disagaa purogatini pranaalika cheyadam, paryaveekshinchadam mariyu moolyaankanam cheyadam" anie vaaru nammutaaru. takkuva ledhaa maargadarsakatvam mariyu nirmaanam laeni vaataavaranamloo idhi avasaram. udyogaalu saadhaaranamgaa lakshyalanu nirdesinchinappatiki, vyaktigata lakshyalu mariyu sadhana metacognition nundi prayojanam pondavacchu. abhyasa lakshyaala yokka konni saadhyamaina upayogaalu krinda ivvabaddaayi
framing.
framing, ledhaa lakshyalanu elaa chuustaaru, paniteerunu prabhaavitam chestundi. oka unnata lakshyam valla bedirimpulaku gurainappudu ledhaa bhayapadinappudu, lakshyanni oka savaluga bhaavinche vaari kante vaaru paelavamgaa pani chestaaru. paristhitulanu savaluga gurtinche vyaktulu kashtataramaina paniteeru lakshya paristhitulalo merugga panicheestaaru. paristhitulanu bedirimpulugaa chuse vyaktulu panini saadhinchadaaniki vyuuhaanni abhivruddhi cheyadampai drushti saarinchina abhyasa lakshyalanu upayoginchi merugaina phalitaalanu pondutaaru. eee phalitaalu lakshya nirdhaarana siddhaantaanni jaanapada mariyu lazurus yokka lavadevila namuunaa ottidi mariyu edurkovataniki anusandhaanistaayi, idhi savaalu paristhitulalo paniteeruku keelakamainatlugaa ottidi yokka aatmaasraya madimpupai drushti pettindi.
alavaatlu.
alavaatlu, "roeju samayam, sthaanam, nirdishta vyaktula uniki, munupati charyalu ledhaa okari manasika sthithi vanti nirdishta sandarbhaalato mudipadi unna pravartanaa dhoranulu" gaa nirvachinchabaddaayi, alavaatlu sandarbham, punaraavrutam mariyu bahumati dwara abhivruddhi chendutaayi mariyu lakshya sadhananu (tarachugaa pratikuulamgaa) prabhaavitam cheyadaaniki lakshyaalato sannihitamgaa sankarshana chendutaayi. lakshya nirnayinchadam pravartana maarpunu praarambhinchagaladu, ayithe chedu alavaatlaku antaraayam kaliginchadam dwara lakshya nirnayamtho paatu alavaatu nirvahana vyuuhaalanu kalapadam dwara vaatini cheradam kashtataram cheyadam dwara jokyam chesukovadam vijayavantam ayye avakaasam ekkuvagaa kanipistundi. alavaatlu abhignaa bharanni kooda taggistaayi, anduvalla manchi alavaatlu erpadatam mukhyamgaa neerchukoevadam lakshya saadhanaku prayojanakaramgaa untundi, idhi tarachugaa abhyasa lakshyam vaipu panicheyadaaniki avasaramaina abhignaa vanarulanu vimukti cheyadam dwara marinta sanklishtamaina panulatho mudipadi untundi.
prabhavam.
lakshyaala sadhana prabhavam meeda prabhavam chooputundi-antey vijayam mariyu santrupti yokka bhavalu. lakshyalanu saadhinchadam saanukuula prabhavanni chooputundi, lakshyalanu cherukovadamlo viphalamaithe pratikuula parinaamaalanu kaligi untundi. ayithe, lakshyaala prabhavam oka raajyaaniki matrame parimitam kaadu. okari udyogamlo vijayam anedi okari vyaktigata jeevitamlo vaiphalya bhavalanu bharti chestundi.
samuuha lakshyalu.
samuuha lakshyalu mariyu vyaktigata lakshyaala madhya sambandham samuuha paniteerunu prabhaavitam chestundi; lakshyalu anukuulamgaa unnappudu saanukuula prabhavam untundi, conny lakshyalu anukuulamgaa lenappudu prabhavalu samuuham yokka paniteeruku hanikaram kaavacchu. samoohaalalo pani chese maroka amsam undhi, adhi bhaagaswaamya amsam; samuuhamloo samacharanni panchukovadam mariyu samuuha paniteeru madhya saanukuula sahasambandham undhi. samuuha lakshyaala vishayamlo, samuuham yokka paniteerunu meruguparachadaaniki, abhiprayalu vyaktulaku kakunda samuuhaaniki sambandhinchinavigaa undaali.
samuuhaala sabhyula madhya lakshya samanvayamtho (oppandam) alaage samsthalalo kramaanugatamgaa samanvayamtho saanukuula paniteeru prabhavalanu kaligi untundi. udyogula nibaddhatapai lakshyaala prabhavalanu anchanaa vese parisoedhana samsthaagata maddatu gurinchi udyogula avagahana dwara madhyavartitvam vahinchina paroksha sambandhaanni kanugondi, nayakulu vyaktigata udyogula lakshya nirnayaaniki neerugaa maddatu istaarani suuchistumdi.
mottammeeda, samuuha lakshyalu samuuha paniteerupai balamaina prabhavanni chuupagalavani andubaatulo unna aadharalu suuchistunnaayi. takkuva spashtamgaa, vyaktigata lakshyalanu jagrattagaa upayogiste samuuha paniteerunu prothsahinchavachhu, endukante paraspara aadhaarita samoohaalalo vyaktigata mariyu samuuha lakshyaala madhya lakshya sangharshanaku avakaasam undhi, idhi samuuha paniteeruku aatamkam kaligistundi. eee rangamlo marinta krushi avasaramani telustondi.
viluvalu.
lakshya nirdhaarana paramgaa, viluvalanu trans-situational golsga nirvachinchavacchu, lakshyalu adhika kramam mariyu marinta saadhaarana viluvala kante marinta nirdishtamgaa untaayi. eee konamlo lakshyalanu viluvalu charyaku daariteese yantraamgaa marinta nirvachinchavacchu. lakshyalu viluva-charya antaraanni muusivaeyadaaniki oka vahananni andinchagalavu.
upa-lakshyalu ledhaa sameepa lakshyalu.
lakshya nirdhaarana siddhaantam saadhaaranamgaa, conny ellappuduu kaadu, upa-lakshyaala (sameepa lakshyalu anie kooda pilustaaru) vaadakaaniki maddatu istundi, ivi lakshyaala maargamlo madhyantara/mettu lakshyalu (dhoora lakshyalu anie kooda pilustaaru). prastuta paniteerunu nirvahinchadaaniki takshana prothsaahakaalanu andinchadam dwara sameepa lakshyalu panicheestaayi, ayithe dhoora lakshyalu adhe prabhavanni chuupadaaniki chaalaa dhooramgaa untaayi. sanklishtamaina samasya parishkara panulalo, upa lakshyalanu nirdesinchadam prarambha sweeya-saamarthyaanni penchindi mariyu sameepa lakshyalanu saadhinchadam sweeya-samarthatha, paniteeru santrupti mariyu pani pattudalanu penchindi. upa-lakshyalanu saadhinchaetappudu sweeya-otamini tagginche margalalo okati, prati upa-lakshyaaniki gaduvunu nirdhaarinchukovadam. eee gaduvulanu nirnayinchadam anedi javaabudaareetanam yokka oka karakanni jodistundi mariyu manalni manam tanikhi chesukovadaniki sahaayapadutundi. saadhaaranamgaa upa-lakshyalanu saadhinchakapovadaaniki pradhana kaaranam, vatiki kaalaparimitini nirnayinchakapovadam.
saadhaaranamgaa sanukoolamgaa unnappatikee, chaalaa upa-lakshyalanu nirdesinchadam valla santrupti taggadam (chaalaa sulabhamaina lakshyanni puurti cheyadam anedi oka vijayam kaadu) vanti pratikuula prabhavalu untaayi mariyu nirvaahakulaku savaalu chese lakshyalanu saadhinche udyogi saamardhyampai nammakam ledani sanketam pamputundi.
lakshyalu mariyu lakshanaalu.
praathamika sthaayilo, rendu rakaala lakshyalu "abhyasa lakshyalu" mariyu "paniteeru lakshyalu"; prati okkati enchukunna lakshyaaniki sambandhinchina vibhina lakshanaalanu kaligi untaayi.
"abhyasa lakshyalu" loe naipunyaalu mariyu gnaanaanni pondagala panulu untaayi, ayithe "paniteeru lakshyalu" loe sulabhamgaa saadhinchagala panulu untaayi, ivi okarini vijayavantamgaa kanipinchela chestaayi (tadwara lopam mariyu teerpu saadhyamayye panulanu nivaarinchavacchu).
lii, sheldon mariyu turban (2003) nirvahinchina marinta sanklishtamaina lakshanam-madhyavartitva adhyayanam eee krindi phalitaalanu ichindih
lakshya dhorani.
upa-domine samsthaagata manastatvasaastramlo lakshya nirdhaarana siddhaantam abhivruddhi cheyabadi, pradhanamgaa prerana mariyu pani paniteerunu kolavadampai drushti saarinchinappatikii, lakshya dhorani chuttoo unna sambandhita conny vibhina saahityam vidya manastatvasaastram yokka upa-domainlo abhivruddhi cheyabadindi mariyu saamarthyam mariyu lakshana kolatapai drushti saarinchindi, eee vibhajana rendu saahityaalanu ekikrutam chese prayatnaalaku daariteesindi, idhi eee krindi teermaanaalaku daariteesindihi
eee teermaanaalu eee krindi nirdhaaranalaku daariteesaaih
sthuula sthaayi lakshyalu.
"sthuula-sthaayi lakshyalu" anedi mottam companyki vartinche lakshya amarikanu suuchistumdi. sahakaara lakshyalu pottulu mariyu samuuhaala erpaatu phalitamgaa sambhavinche pratikuula bhavalanu taggistaayi. atyanta saadhaarana paarteelu company mariyu daani sarafaraadaarulu. sthuula-sthaayi lakshyalaku moodu preranaluh sweeya-samarthatha, vruddhi lakshyalu mariyu samsthaagata drushti.
upa-spruha lakshyalu.
andubaatulo unna saakshyaala yokka iteevali sameekshalu lakshya nirdhaarana siddhaantam upachetana lakshyalaku alaage spruhatho nirdesinchina lakshyalaku vartistundani suuchistunnaayi. upachaetanamgaa saadhanaku sambandhinchina padaalu mariyu/ledhaa tagina vijayavantamaina chaayaachitraala dwara saadhinchina lakshyalanu saadhinchadam anedi panini mariyu anduvalla udyoga paniteerunu gananeeyamgaa meruguparustundi. eee prabhavanni marinta penchutuu, sandarbha nirdishta praimlu gananeeyamgaa balamaina lakshya prabhavalanu prerepistaayi. antekakunda, praathamika lakshyalu mariyu spruhatho nirdesinchina lakshyalu pani/udyoga paniteerunu meruguparachadamlo kalisi panicheestaayi. pani paniteerunu meruguparachadaaniki udyogulato upa-spruha lakshyanni upayoginchadam anedi anivaryamgaa aneka sambhaavya naitika samasyalu mariyu aandolanalanu kaligi untundi.
saadhaarana charya mariyu nishkriyaatmaka lakshyalu.
kaaryaacharana lakshyalu prajalanu marinta churukaina pravartanalalo nimagnam kaavadaaniki prothsahistaayi, ayithe kriyaarahita lakshyalu kriyaarahita pravartanalugaa maarataayi. saadhaarana kaaryaacharana lakshyalu edainaa cheyadam, oka nirdishta charya cheyadam ledhaa ekkadainaa velladam kaavacchu, ayithe saadhaarana nishkriyaatmaka lakshyalu vishraanti teesukovadam ledhaa edainaa cheyadam maaneyadam vanti roopaanni teesukovachhu.
jeeva paristhitulu mariyu saamaajika-saamskrutika vaataavaranam rendinti valla lakshyam-niyantrita mottam karyakalapalu mariyu nishkriyaatmakata dhorani erpadataayi. konni deshaalu charya mariyu nishkriyaatmakatanu itarulakanna konchem bhinnamgaa gowravinchinappatikee, chaalaa deshaalu nishkriyaatmakata kante charya patla marinta anukuulamaina vaikharini kaligi unnayani iteevali parisoedhanalu velladinchaayi.
anischiti pratikuula phalitaalaku daariteeyagala empikala madhya nirnayaalu teesukunetappudu prajalu nishkriyaatmaka lakshyalanu enchukuntaarani iteevali parisoedhanalu suuchimchaayi, ayithe vaaru etuvanti charcha avasaram lenappudu vaari rojuvaaree pravartanalalo nishkriyaatmakata kante charyanu ishtapadataaru. timothy dii. willson mariyu sahacharulu chaalaa mandhi "tama aalochanalatho ontarigaa undataaniki badulugaa tamaku taamu vidyut shacklanu ivvadaaniki ishtapadataaru" anie kanugonnaru.
abhyasam mariyu paniteeru lakshyalanu kalapadam.
pani pradaesaalaloo udyogulu tarachugaa madhyastamgaa sanklishtamgaa unde mariyu kotta vishayalanu neerchukoevaalsina panulalo paniteeru phalitaalanu saadhistaarani bhaavistunnaaru. paina paerkonnatlugaa, mundastu avasaralu unna naipunyaalu, vyuuhaalu mariyu ghnaanam lenappudu "mea uttamamgaa cheyandi" paristhithitho poliste paniteeru lakshyalanu nirnayinchadam ibbandulu mariyu takkuva paniteerunu kaligistundi, idhi saapeksha anubhavashoonyudu kosam sanklishta panula demandla nundi utpannamayye abhignaa bhaaram prabhavam kaaranamgaa undavacchu. eee rakamaina sanklishtamaina pani paristhitula kosam, taarkikamgaa anusandhaaninchabadinatlayite, neerchukoevadam mariyu paniteeru lakshyalanu kalipi samarthavantamgaa upayoginchavacchu. antekakunda, panini saadhinchadaaniki vyuuhaanni sanklishtamgaa upayoginchaalsina kotta mariyu sanklishtamaina panulaku abhyasa lakshyalu atyanta prabhaavavantamgaa unnappatikee, kotta vyuuhaalanu upayoginchela cheyadaaniki abhyasa lakshyalu tamantata taamugaa preranaatmakamgaa untaayani dheeni ardham kaadu mariyu adanapu paniteeru lakshyam udyogulanu kanugonna ledhaa sampaadinchina vyuuhaalanu upayoginchadaaniki kaavalasina phalitaanni saadhinchadaaniki prerepistundi.
lakshyalanu vistarinchandi.
lakshyalanu cherukovadam ledhaa cherukovadam chaalaa kashtam, vaati upayogam kosam mariyu vyatiraekamgaa vaadanalatoe gananeeyamaina charchaku sambandhinchina amsamgaa undhi. stretch goals yokka sambhaavya pratikuula dushprabhavalalo vaatini asambaddhamainaviga ledhaa udyogulu vismarinchadam vantivi unnaayi. teevramgaa pariganinchinappatikii, lakshyalanu vistarinchadam anedi vaatini saadhinchadaaniki prayatnistunna udyogulaku alasata kaligistundi. heccharikalu pakkana pedithe, samasyalanu mariyu kotta disalaku srujanaatmaka parishkaralanu prothsahinchadamlo lakshyalanu vistarinchadaaniki konni margalu viluvainavi, mukhyamgaa marinta saadhaarana lakshyaalato paatu vaatini saadhinchaalsina avasaram lekunda upayoginchinatlayithe, badulugaa vaati vaipu entha purogati saadhinchindo kolavandi.
vivaadaalu, pratispandanalu mariyu teermaanaalu.
prerana dwara abhivruddhi cheyabadina oka siddhaantamgaa, lakshya nirdhaarana siddhaantam savaalu cheyabadina mariyu/ledhaa viruddhamaina phalitaalu nivedinchabadina paristhitulu unnaayi mariyu konasagutunnayi. eee vivaadaalaku nirdishta udaaharanalu mariyu vatiki sambandhinchina teermaanaalu krinda charchinchabaddaayi.
ketaayinchina lakshyalu verses bhaagaswaamyamto nirdesinchina lakshyalu.
erez mariyu aame sahacharulu mariyu latham mariyu sahacharula madhya kanugonna vishayaalalo vyatyaasaala kaaranamgaa paryaveekshakudi sett lakshyaala kante bhaagaswaamyamto sett chesina lakshyalu marinta prerananistaya ledhaa anae prasna talettindi. paryaveekshakulu lakshyalanu nirdesinchaaraa ledhaa palgontunnara anae daanitoe sambandham lekunda konni paristhitulalo paniteeru okate anie latham gatamlo chesina nirnayam tappu anie erez mariyu aame sahacharulu aadhaaraalanu kanugonnaru. eee asammatini erez mariyu latham madhya sambhashanhatho praarambhamayye prakriya dwara parishkarinchabadindi, tatastha sambhaashanakartagaa loktho idhi erez mariyu latham iddaroo samyuktamgaa vaari asammatiki kaaranaalanu anveshinchadaaniki oka prayogaanni roopondinchadaaniki daariteesindi. bhinnamaina abhipraayaalatho iddaru parisoedhakula eee sahakaram pratikuula sahakaaraaniki prarambha udaaharana mariyu asammatini parishkarinche eee krindi prachurinchina phalitaalaku daariteesindihi
goals chettagaa marai.
2009loe ordonez mariyu itarulu "goals goan wild" kathanaanni prachurinchina taruvaata paniloo anaitika paddhatulu peragadaaniki daariteese lakshyaala madhya sambandham taruvaata vivaadam praarambhamaindi. eee prachuranalo rachayitalu lakshya nirdhaarana prayojanaalu "atigaa cheppabadataayi" mariyu lakshya nirdhaarana valla kalige haani saadhaaranamgaa takkuvagaa nivedinchabadutundani vaadinchaaru. nirdishta, savaalu chese lakshyalanu suuchimchadaaniki oka kaaranam avi sankuchita aalochananu prothsahinchadam. oka vyakti mariyu ledhaa samstha aaa nirdishta lakshyampai drushti kendrikaristaru, conny prajalu eee lakshyalapai ekkuva drushti kendrikarinchinappudu idhi hanikaram kaavacchu. udaaharanaku, ford motor company pootiidaarula chetilo market vatanu kolpovadam praarambhinchinappudu "goals goeld" anae prachuranalo vaaru telikapati kaarunu tayaaru cheyalane pratishtaatmaka lakshyanni munduku teesukellaaru, ayithe eee savaalunu edurkovataniki kathinamaina ottidilo mukhyamaina bhadrata charyalu, lakshyanni lakshyam vaipu antha sankuchita aalochananu kendrikarinchinappudu, udyogam yokka itara mukhyamaina amsaalu vismarinchabadataayani vyaasam vaadinchindi. chaalaa lakshyalu nirdesinchinatlayite, lakshyaala parimaanaanni cherukovadaniki udyogulu naanhyatanu tyaagam chestaarani kooda rachayitalu abhipraayapadutunnaaru. adanamgaa, konnisaarlu samaya parimitulu takkuvagaa untaayi, conny lakshyanni puurti cheyadaaniki bahumatulu chaalaa aakarshanheeyamgaa untaayi mariyu avi pramaadakaramaina mariyu anaitika pravartanalanu prerepinchavacchu. oka nirvahakudu ledhaa nayakudu karyalayamlo prerananu penchadaaniki lakshyalanu nirdesinchavacchu, conny lakshyanni nirdesinchadam dwara bahya prerana peragadam valla idhi antargata preranaku haani kaliginchavacchani rachayitalu vaadistaaru.
eee vyaasam loke mariyu latham nundi pratispandananu prerepinchindi, idhi itara amsaalatoe paatu, asalu vyaasam manchi scholarship suutraalaku kattubadi ledani perkondi. samsthaagata pravartanalo aneka prerana siddhaantaalu keelaka chararaasulugaa lakshyalanu kaligi unnayani loke mariyu latham punarudghaatinchaaru. samsthalu tama lakshyalanu cherukovadaniki lakshyalanu nirdesinchukovalani, lakshyalanu nirdesinchakundaa oka vyakti lakshyanni kanugontaadani evaruu aasincharani rachayitalu nokki chebutaaru. ordonez mariyu itarula nundi maroe samadhanam. loke mariyu latham paayintlanu tiraskarinchaaru. rendu paarteela nundi iteevali prachuranalu charchanu konasaginchayi, itara panditula nundi iteevali rachanalu rendu paarteelu levanettina amsaala aadhaaramgaa nirminchabaddaayi, veetilo abhyasa lakshyalu paniteeru lakshyaala vadakam nundi utpannamayye sambhaavya naitika samasyalanu tappinchukune saamarthyaanni kaligi unnayani suuchimchaayi.