
manasika nirvahana

manasika nirvahana anedi abhignaa, mastishka ledhaa aalochanaa-aadhaarita prakriyalanu vaati vividha roopaallo anveshinche abhignaa manastatvasastra rangamlo oka bhavana. vaastavaaniki 1970laloe french vidyavetta mariyu tatwavetta antoin dii laa guarandaryche abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, vyaktulu tama sonta manasika karyakalapalu mariyu prakriyalanu marinta samarthavantamgaa upayoginchukovadaaniki manasika nirvahana abhivruddhi cheyabadindi.
charitra.
1970laloe abhivruddhi cheyabadina manasika nirvahana siddhaantam munupati aneka vidyaaparamaina sambhaashanalapai vistarinchindi. modata vidya prayojanaala kosam udbhavinchina taruvaata, french vidyavetta mariyu tatwavetta antoin dii laa guarandary parisoedhanapai manasika nirvahana vidhanam abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, veeru abhyaasaaniki maddatu ichhe vibhina manasika prakriyalanu gurtinchaaru. athani parisoedhana aneka munupati siddhaantaalapai aadharapadi undhi, veetilo zeane martin charcott, alfred binnet, maine dii biran mariyu laa guarandary professor ayina albert burloud aatmapariseelanapai rachanalu unnaayi. nedu, daani adhyayanalu naalugu rangaalalo kramabaddhamgaa upayoginchabadutunnaayi; vyaktigata paniteeru; vidya; chikitsa; mariyu vyaparam.
gatha sataabdamloo manasika prakriyalapai mana avagahananu marinta penchadaaniki mariyu manasika nirvahananu meruguparachadaaniki asalu mariyu kottagaa kanugonna shaastreeya paddhatulu mariyu adhyayanalanu militam chesina parinaamaalu jarigaayi. indulo manassunu baga nirvahinchadaaniki eee krindi karyakalapalu mariyu prakriyalu unnaih shraddha; tirigi pondadam; grahinchadam; aalochinchadam; mariyu oohinchadam. manassunu baga nirvahinchadamlo uddesapurvaka vidhanalu, prakriyalu mariyu karyakalapalanu vartimpajeyadam dwara anubandhinchabadina abhignaa prakriyala prabhavam mariyu saamarthyaanni penchadam untundi.
1950la computer viplavam 1960luu mariyu 1970laloe manastatvasaastramlo 'abhignaa viplavam' kuu daariteesindi, samachara prosessingpy (computerlu mariyu prograamlaku saaruupyatala dwara) drushti pettadam valla kevalam bahiranga maanava pravartanalo kakunda antargata manasika prakriyalapai aasakti kaligindi. idhi abhignaa manasika prakriya namuunaa abhivruddhiki daariteesindi, idhi abhignaa manastatvasaastram yokka paridhi yokka vyatyaasaanni vivarinchadaaniki pravartanaa namuunaatoe polchabadutundi, dheenilo manasika nirvahana yokka bhagalu marinta vivaramgaa anveshinchabadataayi.
siddhaantam.
french tatwavetta mariyu vidyavetta antoin dii laa guarandary yokka parisoedhana vyaktulalo vaari swantha manasika karyakalapalu mariyu prakriyalapai avagahana kalpinchadaaniki mariyu vaatini samarthavantamgaa abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki mariyu upayoginchadaaniki daariteesindi. athani siddhaantam prati biddaku pratyaekamaina "abhyasam yokka manasika havabhavala" aadhaaramgaa vidya profilenu sthaapinchadam lakshyamgaa pettukundi. ayana prakaram, prati vyakti yokka avagahana, kantastham cheyadam mariyu samacharam kosam punarutpatti paddhatulu vibhinnamgaa untaayi. eee bhavana aalochana mariyu abhyaasamlo paatra poeshinchae vividha abhignaa vidhaanaalanu choopinchagaladu mariyu chivariki manasika nirvahananu roopondinchagaladu.
manasika nirvahanalo moodu pradhana bhagalu project; uddeepana; mariyu manasika havabhavalu. oka prajectunu nirvachinchadam dwara, abhyasa vyuuham bhinnamgaa untundi mariyu avasaralu samarthavanthamaina mariyu tagina paddhatini amalu cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistaayi.
uddeepana anedi indriyaala dwara bahya prapancham nundi vachhe anni avagahanala yokka swachchanda manasika punarnirmaana prakriya. vyaktulanu taruvaati dasalo vaaru neerchukunna vaatini punarutpatti cheyadaaniki veelu kalpinche laa guarandary siddhaantaaniki prerana punaadi raayi. samacharanni oohinchukoovadaaniki pillavadu upayoginche oka nirdishta chaanelku anugunamgaa moodu nirdishta profiles unnaih
1. drushya uddeepanalo vachana samacharanni drushya samacharamga marchadam untundi, udaaharanaku rekhaachitraalu, rekhaachitraalu mariyu underlininglo rangunu upayoginchadam.
2. shravana prerepanalo noti ledhaa maanasikamgaa samacharanni punaraavrutam cheyadam untundi, udaaharanaku audeo parikaramlo paataalu vinadam.
3. kinesthetic evocationlo kadalikalu, bhavalu, vaasanalu mariyu ruchulu untaayi, udaaharanaku neerchukoevadaaniki havabhavalu mariyu kadalikala vadakam.
manasika nirvahana anedi eee karyakalapalu mariyu prakriyala yokka samstha, merugudala mariyu upayogam.
abhignaa manastatvasaastram.
abhignaa manastatvasaastram anedi oka samachara processorga manassunu adhyayanam cheyadam. pravartanaa manastatva namuunaalapai asantrupti kaaranamgaa 1950la madhyalo idhi goppa praamukhyatanu santarinchukundi. manastatvasaastram yokka praadhaanyata anedi avagahana, shraddha, bhasha, ghnaapakasakti, aalochana mariyu spruhaku sambandhinchina maanava samachara prosessingnu ardham chesukovadaniki anukuulamgaa manassunu adhyayanam cheyadam nundi dhooramgaa maarindi. abhignaa manastatvasaastram yokka pradhana aandolana emitante, indriyaala nundi samacharam elaa sweekarinchabadutundi, medadu dwara proses cheyabadutundi mariyu eee prosessing maanavula pravartananu elaa nirdesistundi. idhi vyaktulu mariyu samuuhaalanu matrame kakunda, mottam samajanni kooda ardham chesukovadaniki vividha abhignaa vidhulu kalisi panichese bahumukha vidhanam.
pravartanaa namuunaa verses. abhignaa namuunaa.
manasika nirvahana manastatvasaastram yokka abhignaa namuunaalooki vastundi mariyu manasika prakriyalu gamaninchalenivigaa mariyu anduvalla 'block baaks' thoo samanamga pariganinche pravartanaa namuunaa nundi vaeru cheyalsina avasaram undhi. marinta pratyaekamgaa, pravartanaa namuunaa pravartananu uddeepanatoo anusandhaaninche prakriyanu adhyayanam cheyalemani bhaavistundi. anduvalla idhi abhyasam dwara utpatti cheyabadina bahiranga pravartana namuunaalu mariyu upabala aakasmikatala prabhavam paramgaa manasika rugmatala bhavananu vivaristundi. eee vidhaanaaniki sambandhinchina chikitsa paddhatulalo kramabaddhamaina dii-sensitization mariyu modeling mariyu asamarthamaina ledhaa ananukoola namuunaalanu savarinchadampai drushti pettadam unnaayi.
dheeniki viruddhamgaa, abhignaa namuunaa aalochana mariyu manasika karyakalapala yokka saiddhaantika drukpathaanni suuchistumdi, gamaninchina drugvishayaaniki vivaranalanu andistundi mariyu pravartanaa parinaamaala gurinchi anchanaalu chestundi. pratyaekamgaa, idhi paryaavaranam nundi vachhe inputnu pravartanaa phalitamtho anusandhaaninche manasika sanghatanalanu vivaristundi. avagahana, grahanasakti mariyu pravartana empika (charya) prayojanaala kosam prajalu prapanchamlo taamu anubhavistunna vaati yokka antargata praatinidhyaalanu (namuunaalanu) nirantaram srushtistunnaarani mariyu access chestunnarani vidhanam bhaavistundi. eee vidhaanaaniki sambandhinchina chikitsa paddhatulalo abhignaa pravartanaa chikitsa untundi, indulo namuunaalanu nirvachinchadam, gamaninchadam, vislaeshimchadam mariyu ardham chesukovadam mariyu veetini marinta anukuulamaina aalochanaa margaluga reframe cheyadam untaayi.
manasika nirvahana prakriyalu.
manasika nirvahanalo aidu ververu prakriyalu unnaayi, veetini vividha rakaala manasika sangnalugaa vaeru chestaaru.
shraddha vahinchandi.
manastatvasaastramlo, shraddha anedi "abhignaa vanarulu itarulapai kakunda paryaavaranamlooni konni amsaalapai drushti saarinche sthithi mariyu kendra naadii vyavastha uddeepanalaku pratispandinchadaaniki samsiddhata unna sthithilo untundi."manasika nirvahanalo idhi gurthunchukunna samacharanni tirigi pondadaaniki tadupari dasanu praarambhinchadaaniki avasaramaina avasaramaina modati dasanu vivaristundi. shraddha yokka sangna mana aidu indriyaala nundi vachhe avagahana mariyu vishayam yokka uddeepanatoo mudipadi untundi. udaaharanaku, oka parent ledhaa guruvu imperative tens upayoginchi bodhanaa padabandhaalato pillala drushtini sakriyam cheyavachu.
tirigi pondandi.
american psychological association dwara punaruddharananu "ghnaapakasaktiloo nilva chesina samacharanni tirigi pondadam ledhaa gurtinche prakriya" gaa nirvachinchaaru. encoding mariyu nilupudala tarvaata, tirigi pondadam anedi ghnaapakasakti yokka chivari dasha.eee anubandha dasalu manasika nirvahanalo antarleena praatipadikana vyavaharinchabadataayi. tirigi pondadam anedi laa guarandary dwara gurthunchukune sangnagaa vaeru cheyabadutundi, indulo swalpa, madhya mariyu deerghakaalikamgaa vaatini punarutpatti chese uddesyamto uddeepanalanu tirigi teesukuraavadam untundi.
avagahana.
american psychological association dwara "edainaa ardham chesukune charya ledhaa saamarthyam, mukhyamgaa communication yokka ardham" gaa grahanasaktini nirvachinchaaru. idhi aatmaasraya konamlo ardhavantam cheyadaanni kaligi untundi, dheeniki avagahana sarainadigaa undavalasina avasaram ledhu. laa guarandary avagahananu avagahana yokka sangnagaa vaeru chestundi, idhi kotta samacharam yokka ardhaanni kanugonadaaniki grahinchina mariyu prerepinchina vaati madhya nirantaram maaradaaniki anumatistundi.
aalochistaaru.
american psychological association aalochanalanu "aalochanalu, chitraalu, manasika praatinidhyaalu ledhaa aalochana yokka itara oohaatmaka amsaalanu anubhavinche ledhaa taarumaaru chese abhignaa pravartana" gaa nirvachinchindi.manasika nirvahana sandarbhamlo, aalochanaa prakriyaloo" "sweeya-pratibimbam" "kooda untundi, indulo" "okari aalochanalu, bhavana mariyu charyala pareeksha, dhyanam mariyu vislaeshanha" "untaayi". aalochana ledhaa pratibimbam yokka sangnalo, ippatike neerchukunna bhaavanalanu ledhaa siddhaantaanni enchukovadam untundi, mariyu saadhinchaalsina pani gurinchi aalochinchadaaniki manalni anumatistundi.
oohinchadam.
ooha anedi pratyaksha indriya samacharam lenappudu, tarachugaa munupati indriya anubhavaala sakalaalanu kotta samshlaeshanhalugaa kalapadam dwara aalochanalu mariyu chitraalanu utpatti chese adhyapakulu. manasika prakriyalanu meruguparachadamlo ledhaa optimize cheyadamlo unna maarpunu idhi sangrahistundi kabatti idhi manasika nirvahanalo keelakamaina bhaagam. srujanaatmaka ooha yokka sangna oka vyakti tamaku ippatike telisina vaati aadhaaramgaa kotta vidhaanaalanu kanipettadaaniki anumatistundi. idhi vyaktulanu poolchadaaniki mariyu taarkika chatram velupala unna samasyalaku pratispandanalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki anumatistundi.
manasika prakriyala kolata.
manasika prakriyala kolatalo medadulooni maanava karyakalapalanu kolavadaniki invasive ledhaa naan-invasive margalu undavacchu, dheenini neuroimaging anie pilustaaru. neuroimaging anedi "computed tomography mariyu magnetic resonance imaging vanti naan-invasive technicla dwara medadu chitraalanu utpatti cheyadaaniki sambandhinchina clinical speciality" gaa nirvachinchabadindi.computed tomography" anedi radiography, dheenilo oka shareera nirmaanam yokka trimiteeya chitraanni oka aksham venta tayaaru chesina plain cross-sectional chitraala shreni nundi computer dwara nirminchabadutundi.magnetic resonance imaging, saadhaaranamgaa mri anie pilustaaru, idhi" "antargata shareera kanajaalaala kampyootareekarinchina chitraalanu utpatti chese oka naan-invasive diagnostic technic mariyu idhi radeo taramgaala anuvartanam dwara prerepinchabadina sariiramlooni anuvula anhu ayaskanta pratidhvanipai aadharapadi untundi".eee purogatulu medadu pratyaekatanu ardham chesukovadaniki sahaayapadataayi, anduvalla manasika nirvahana prakriyala siddhaantaalaku dohadam cheyagaligaayi. manasika prakriyalanu koliche eee paddhatula dwara, medadulooni vividha bhagalu vividha manasika prakriyalaku baadhyata vahistaayani kanugonabadindi, udaaharanaku, nairoopya aalochanaku frontal lobe baadhyata vahistundi.
manasika nirvahana yokka aacharanaatmaka anuvartanaalu.
manasika nirvahana suutraalu vaastava prapanchamlo aneka amsaalaku, mukhyamgaa vidya mariyu vyaktigata abhivruddhi rangaalaku aacharanatmakamgaa vartistaayi. vidyalo manasika nirvahana prakriyalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki, vidyaarthulaku vaari manassulu elaa panichestayo ardham chesukovadaniki mariyu vidya prakriyaloo vaari manassulanu marinta samarthavantamgaa pani chese maargaalanu kanugonadamlo sahaayapadataaniki avasaramaina ghnaanam, naipunyaalu, paddhatulu mariyu paddhatulu neerpabadataayi. eee bodhanalu moodu dasallo nirvahinchabadataayih (1) manassunu telusukovadam; (2) naipunhyaalanu pempondinchukovadam; mariyu (3) manasika swaatantryaanni saadhinchadam. eee paddhatulu ippudu vidyaku minchi vyaktigata sthaayilo sweeya-abhivruddhi sandarbhamlo alaage nirvaahakulu mariyu naayakulatoe sahaa pani rangamlo vartinchabadutunnaayi.
kinder gartenloni concept maplapy mansinelli, gentili, priyori mariyu valitutis 2004 adhyayanamlo nija jeevita cases studyki manasika nirvahana siddhaantaalu vartinchabaddaayi. laa guarandary nirvachinchinatlugaa, pillala uddeepana nundi nijamaina abhyasam udbhavinchindani adhyayanam kanugonnadi. uddeepana anedi indriyaala dwara bahya prapancham nundi vachhe anni avagahanala yokka swachchanda manasika punarnirmaana prakriya. pillavadu vaari indriyaala yokka ardhaalanu prerepinchadam dwara, avagahana mariyu prerepana rendinti nundi neerchukoevalasina samacharanni perkonadamlo keelakamgaa untaadani project teelchindi. atuvanti manasika karyakalapalu lekunda, neerchukoevadam paakshikamgaa untundi mariyu mukhyamaina bhagalu undavu. pariseelakudi manasika lakshanaalu pariseelana nundi bidda pondina vishayalanu prabhaavitam chestayani tadupari phalitaalu choopinchaayi. paraspara charya, avagahana mariyu prerepana prakriyalu saraina bhaavanalanu mariyu apohalanu bahirgatam chestaayi. laa guarandary yokka bodhanaa sambhaashana paddhatulanu upayoginchi, pillalu maanasikamgaa cherukunnaru mariyu vaari anubhavampai vaari aalochanalanu vyaktam chesaaru. pillala aalochanalu project yokka vijayam ledhaa vaiphalyam dwara maarganirdesam cheyabadataayi mariyu tadanugunamgaa pillala aalochanalu vaari shishu lakshanaalu mariyu purogati nundi mallinchabadataayi mariyu nemmadigaa sardubaatu avtayi.

