
homotopy golam

ganita shaastram yokka oka saakha ayina beejaganita sthalavignaanamlo, homotopy golam anedi "n"-manifold, idhi "n"-golaaniki samaanamaina homotopy. anduvalla idhi "n"-golam vale adhe homotopy samuuhaalu mariyu adhe homology samuuhaalanu kaligi untundi, kabatti prati homotopy golam tappanisarigaa oka homology golam.
sthalavignaana saadhaaraneekarinchina paayinkaare ooha emitante, edainaa "n"-dimensional homotopy golam "n"-golaaniki homomorphicga untundi; dheenini aidu mariyu anthakante ekkuva kolatalalo stephen smale dwara, parimaanam 4loe maikhel friedman dwara mariyu parimaanam 3 kosam (asalu paayinkaare ooha) 2005loe grigori perelman dwara parishkarinchabadindi.
5 mariyu anthakante pedda kolatalalo mruduvaina paayinkaare ooha yokka spashtata aaa kolatalalo homotopy golaalu khachitamgaa anyadesa golaalu anie suuchistumdi. parimaanam 4loe chinnapati mruduvaina homotopy golaalu unnaya ledhaa anedi ippatikee oka bahiranga prasna.

