
ulmus lavis

european white elm, flutter elm, spreading elm, stately elm anie vividha rakaluga piluvabade ulmus lavis, united stateslo, russian elm, airopaku chendina oka pedda akuralche chettu, france eesaanyam nundi dakshina finland varaku, thoorpuna eurals daati kyrgyzstan mariyu kazakhstan varaku, mariyu aagneyamlo bulgaria mariyu crima varaku; caucasus mariyu speyinlo kooda vivikta janabha undhi, rendodi ippudu manishi parichayam kante avashesha janabhaga pariganinchabadutundi, mariyu bahusha european janabha yokka muulam. "yuu. lavis "UKloe arudainadi, ayinappatikee daani yaadruchchika pampinhee, daani parichayam yokka etuvanti rikaardu laenappatikee, kaneesam oka british adhikaram dheenini sthaanikamgaa pariganinchadaaniki daariteesindi. enbi british ataveevaasulu saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche 'white' elm anae visaeshanhaanni vaich elm yokka "kalapa" nuu suuchistaaru.
1784loe prachurinchina thana "flora rosika" loe eee jaatini modata "ulmus lavis" gaa pallas gurtinchaadu. eee chettu allogamous mariyu american elm "yuu" thoo chaalaa daggari sambandham kaligi undhi. america.
ondru adaviki sthaanikamainadi, "yuu. 400 meterla kante ekkuva ettulo lavis arudugaa kanipistundi. saadhaaranamgaa volga mariyu danube vanti nadula venta kanipinche idhi, sudeerghakaalam neetitho nindina, anaxic bhuu paristhitulanu thattukogala chaalaa takkuva elmlalo okati. konni deshaalalo, mukhyamgaa speyinlo, eee jaathi aavasala vidhvamsam mariyu bhangam valla bedirimpulaku guravutondi. varada niyantrana pathakaalu mukhyamgaa hanikaram, endukante vittanaalu chedaragottadam anedi varadalapai aadharapadi untundi, ayithe bhoogarbha jala mattalanu tagginche jalacharaala nundi sangrahinchadam valla chetla abhivruddhi debbatindi.
dutch elm vyaadhiki sahajamaina janyu nirodhakata laenappatikee, eee jaatiki paschima airopalo arudugaa vyaadhi sokutundi.
vivarana.
"ulmus lavis" vaich elm sthaayini pooli untundi, takkuva samaruupata unte, vadulugaa, aparisubhramaina, saakhala nirmaanam mariyu takkuva chakkaga gundrani kireetamtho untundi. chettu saadhaaranamgaa 30 meterla kante ekkuva etthu mariyu vedalpu cherukuntundi, daani trunk 2 meterla kante takkuva untundi.bii.hetch. vistrutamaina nissara muula vyavastha chivariki trunk yokka bays chuttoo vilakshanhamaina adhika buttresslanu yerparustundi. beradu modata mruduvugaa untundi, taruvaata prarambha paripakvatalo sannani buudida rangu poralagaa vidipotundi, ivi vayassutho paatu buudida-godhuma porala network mariyu erupu-godhuma rangu underbarkga vidipotaayi, chivaraku itara elmla maadirigaane vruddhaapyamlo lothugaa pagilipothayi. aakulu aakuraalchevi, pratyaamnaayamainavi, saadhaarana andaakaaramtho kuudina asamaana punaadi, <10 sem. mea. podavu mariyu <7 sem. mea. vedalpu, tulanaatmakamgaa sannaga, tarachugaa daadaapu kaagitam aakaaramlo mariyu chaalaa apaaradarsakamgaa untaayi, paina mruduvaina diguva bhaagamtho untaayi. gananeeyamgaa, aaku siralu kendra sira nundi aaku anchuku vibhajinchavu. itara european elm jaatula kante saradrutuvulo aakulu twaragaa chindinchabadataayi. 
eee chettu itara european elms nundi daani podavaina puvvu kaandam dwara chaalaa vishwasaneeyamgaa vaeru cheyabadindi, sagatuna 20 mimi. antekakunda, appetalus gaali-paragasamparka puvvulu vilakshanhamaina cream-rangu kaligi untaayi, vasanta rutuvu praarambhamlo aakula mundu 15-30 samoohaalalo kanipistaayi; avi 3-4 mimi antataa untaayi. eee pandlu 15 mimi kante takkuva podavaina, 10 mimi vedalpu gala, siliate anchutho kuudina rekkalu gala samara, vasanta rutuvu chivarilo pandina 5 mimi vittanaalu. vittanaalu saadhaaranamgaa molakettadam yokka adhika retunu kaligi untaayi, stilinovic dwara pareekshinchabadina cerbian chetla kosam 45-60%.
eee jaathi poduchuku vachinappatikee, sweeya paragasamparka sthaayilu ekkuvagaa undavacchu, chettu chaalaa vaegamgaa peragavacchu; nirantaram thematho kuudina mattiloo naatina chota, 13 yella chetla trunk vedalpu rommu etthu vadda samvatsaraaniki 4 centimeters perigindi (dii.bii.hetch.). eee jaathi daani sameepa bandhuvu ayina american elm nundi bhinnamgaa untundi, pradhanamgaa kramarahita kireetam nirmaanam mariyu tarachugaa epicarmic remalalo, eee chettuku vilakshanhamaina siitaakaalapu sylhoutnu kooda istundi. american elmlo takkuva teevramaina aaku moggalu, podavaina petiols, irukaina aakulu mariyu samaralo lothaina apical geetha kooda untundi, idhi vittanaaniki cherukuntundi.
tegullu mariyu vyaadhulu.
itara european elmla maadirigaane, european white elm yokka sahaja janaabhaaku dutch elm vyaadhiki sahajamaina nirodhakata takkuvagaa untundi, ayinappatikee arstia parisoedhana dwara verucheyabadina klonelu kaaranamaina phangasto teekaalu veyadam nundi manugada saaginchagalavu, praarambhamlo vaati aakulalo 70 saatam kante takkuva kolpotayi, conny taruvaati samvatsaram balamgaa punarutpatti chendutaayi. antekakunda, vector beradu beatles eee chettuku anukuulamgaa undavu, ivi itara elm pratyaamnaayaalu andubaatulo lenappudu matrame daanini valasarajyaluga chestaayi, idhi paschima airopalo asaadhaarana paristhiti. nijaaniki, flanders loe elm yokka adhyayanamlo, "yuu" kii oka udaaharana kaadu. dutch elm vyaadhi valla lavis baadhapadutunnatlu kanugonabadindi. intalo fraanslo, sahaja sankramana tarvaata naalugu samvatsaraala tarvaata arstia clone eff298ell puurtigaa kolukundi.
speyinlo parisoedhanalu 200 microgram/graa (endina beradu) gaadatatoo antifedent triturpean, alnulin unikini suuchimchaayi, idhi chettunu beatlesku aakarshanheeyam cheyadu. ergo paschima airopalo chettu ksheenata pradhanamgaa nadhee loyalalo ataveepraantaala tolagimpu mariyu nadhee nirvahana vyavasthalu varadalanu tolaginchadam valla sambhavinchindi, vyaadhi kaadu.
ayithe, 2020loe, dutch atavee commission, nyoojilaandlooni aneka "levislu" dutch elm vyaadhiki guravutunnarani, adevidhamgaa inglaandlooni hampshirelo kooda maraninchaarani gurtinchindi.
dheenini metz vadda jouin, mariyu oka sataabdam taruvaata italianlo mittemperger mariyu saantini, "yuu" anie gurtinchaaru. levis "elm aaku beatle" janthogalaruka luteola "kuu chaalaa takkuva grahanaseelata kaligi undhi. germanylo parisoedhanalu eee chettunu zig jaag saffloy "approceros leukopoda" kooda vadilivesindani nirdharinchaayi.
devon looni ugbrok vadda naatina chetlu "cacopsilla ulmi" thoo badhapadathayani elves gamaninchaadu, idhi athanu britanloni yea itara elm meeda eppuduu kanugonaledu, eee badhanu chaalaa samvatsaraala taruvaata richens dhruveekarinchaaru, vaaru "yuu" namuunaalanu kanugonnaru. kyuu vadda perigina levislu" anevi matrame paenu badhapaduthunna thotalloni elms, mariyu affid "tinocalis platani".
eee jaatiki elm ellos kuu konchem nundi mitamaina grahanaseelata untundi.
saagu.
"yuu. lavis anedi tappanisarigaa oka reparian chettu, idhi 100 rojula nirantara varadalanu thattukogaladu, ayinappatikee idhi lavanheeyathatho kuudina paristhitulanu thattukogaladu, spanish chetlu calcifusega unnatlu kanugonabaddayi, konchem aamlam, silisus neelalu mariyu karuvu-sahinchevigaa kooda unnaayi, vaati jailam naalaalu karuvu-ottidi kuharaniki gurayye avakaasam undhi. inglandlo, vesavilo nirjaleekarana kaaranamgaa, cambridgeshireloni saahasikula bhoomi kosam 'saahasikulu' anie paeru pettabadina matti pradhanamgaa nalla peat unna chaak stream loyalalo chettu abhivruddhi chendadamlo viphalamaindi. podi neelaloo naatina chetlu chaalaa takkuva kaalam paatu untaayi. 
"yuu. lavis "saapekshamgaa balaheenamaina chekkatho, feeled elm" ulmus mainer "kante chaalaa ekkuva, anduvalla bahirgata pradaesaalaku anuchita empika. dakshina inglandlo seethaakokachiluka samrakshana dwara jarigina pareekshallo, vesavi madhya tuphaanulalo 40 naatla (75 kimmy/gamm) gaalitho 5 meterla kante takkuva ettulo unna yuva chetlu teevramgaa debbatinnaayi.
eee jaatini united states loe ennadoo vistrutamgaa pravesapettaledu, conny aneka arboreta vadda praatinidhyam vahistundi. "berlin yokka spath nursory dwara sarafara cheyabadina "ulmus ephusa" nuu 1896loe kenadaaloni ottavaloni dominian arboretum vadda "yuu" gaa nataru. pedanculata ". suduura thoorpuna, eee chettunu jinjiang provincelo mariyu uttara chainaalooni itara praantaalalo nataru; tonglio nagaramlo naatadam mukhyamgaa vijayavantamaindi. white elm australiaku kooda parichayam cheyabadindani kooda telisindi.
21va sataabdam prarambham nundi, eee chettu inglandlo oka chinna punarujjeevanaanni aasvaadinchindi. airopa antataa tella-aksharaala kesalankarana "satiarium doubleu-album" seethaakokachiluka yokka prasiddha larva host plant, elm ippudu sthaanika ledhaa archaeophytic elmlapai dutch elm vyaadhi prabhaavaala dwara ksheeninchina sthaanika janabhanu punaruddharinchadaaniki seethaakokachiluka samrakshana mariyu itara samuuhaala dwara naatabadutondi. udaaharanaku, cheshire vanyapraanula trust, kounteelooni maajee whale raayal jillaalo daani nilvalapai aneka tellani elmlanu nataru.
yuke mariyu ireland parichayam.
"yuu. graameena praantaallo yaadrucchikamgaa sambhavinchinappatikii, daani parichayam thedhee mariyu paristhitulu manugada saaginchanappatikii, lavis bahusha united kingdamku chendinadi kaadu. chettu gurinchi mottamodata prachurinchabadina suuchanalu ("yuu" gaa. vildenovnu udaharistuu ephusa) sybthorp yokka "flora oxoniensis" (1794) loe mariyu ("yuu" gaa unnaayi. millers maranaanantaram savarinchina "thotamaali mariyu vrukshashaastragnula nighantuvu" (1807) loe "ephusa" conny vivarana lekunda). 1838loe saagulo nivedinchabadina modati namuunaa white nites park, patanam, dheenilo elm grove undhi; ettulo kolichina chettu, idhi 18va sataabdam chivarilo naatabadindani suuchistumdi. ayithe, white nites chettu yokka praamaanikata vivaadaaspadamaina vishayam; idhi puulu poosindi conny saaravantamaina vittanaanni erpaatu cheyaledu, idhi "yuu" kaavacchu anie gattiga suuchimchimdi. campstries "(yuu. chinnadi 'atinia'), ledhaa, adhi chuushanhakaarulanu utpatti cheyakapovadam valla, bahusha "yuu. montana "(:" yuu. glabra "). antekakunda, white nightsnu hamarsmith yokka lii mariyu kennedy nursory sarafara chesindi, idhi "yuu" nii nilva chesinatlu teliyadu. anie annaru. sian paarkulooni oka chettunu elves & henry "yuu" gaa gurtinchaaru. lavis "taruvaata bean dwara" yuu "nuu marinta daggaragaa pooli unnatlu pariganinchabadindi. americana "daani samaroopa saakha vampu dwara. 1943 varaku eee jaathi adavi nundi nivedinchabadaledu, sarri headgero loe oka chettu kanugonabadindi.
chettu yokka pampinhee saamarthyam godhuma rangutho (1716-1783) mudipadi undavacchu, idhi "u" kuu anukuulamgaa undani telisindi. lavis", athanu thana ishtapade "sthaanika" (sic) chetlalo jabita chesaadu. idhi 1908loe egbrook park, devon loe aahlaadakaramaina mount meeda elves kanugonna edu paatha namuunaala unikini vivarinchagaladu, idhi 1761loe braun dwara roopondinchabadindi. ugbrook mamhead park nundi naalugu mailla dhooramlo undhi, idhi gatamlo aneka anyadesa chetlatho naatabadindi, mukhyamgaa holm ook, daani yajamani, vyapari thamus baall (d. 1749) airopalo thana vaanijya prayaanaala samayamlo. banthi parichayaalanu athani pradhana thotamaali vilium lukombe vikrayinchinatlu telisindi, athanu 1720loe nairuti disalo modati vaanijya narsareeni sthaapinchaadu, ayithe 1835loe pins (lukombe manavadu) dwara mamhead vadda perige chetla gurinchi etuvanti prastaavana ledhu. lavis "ledhaa yea itara elms. lukombe yokka prarambha ketalaglu aevee manugada saaginchaledani, anduvalla "yuu" parichayam cheyabaddaayi. dakshina devon dwara lavis nirdhaarinchabadaledu. ayithe, eee chettu manugadalo unna arboreta pravaesaala jaabitaalalo ledhaa aaa roeju pedda, jaateeyamgaa prasiddhi chendina, narsareela ketalaglalo kanipinchadu, mariyu vaanijyamlo daani mottamodati prastaavana nairutilo, ford & please nursory (yuu gaa) ketalaglo undhi. 1836 loe pedankulata) exitor vadda. james maine eee chettunu 'hangareeki chendinadi' anie paerkonnaadu mariyu 1838 loe 'alankaara thotala' loe matrame kalusukunnadu, conny 1846 natiki '(yuke) narsareelalo andubaatulo undhi'.
"yuu. lavis, berlin yokka spath nursory nundi "yuu" gaa pondabadindi. ephusa, "kyuu guardens (1895), raiston haall arboretum, norphoke (1914) loe naatabadindi, mariyu, tirigi pracharam cheyabadindi, cambridge vishwavidyaalaya botanic garden (1909) loe. spashtamgaa eee chettu prajaadarana pondaledu, mariyu 20va sataabdamloo britanloni chetlaku prasiddha maargadarsakula rachayitalu chaalaa mandhi dheenini vismarinchaaru ledhaa vismarinchaaru, mukhyamgaa maby thana "flora britanica" loe. eee chettu kooda cable-martin yokka samagra "devon yokka vrukshajaalam" nundi tolaginchabadindi.
yuu" anedi teliyadu. 20va sataabdam praarambhaaniki mundu skaatlaandku lavis parichayam cheyabadindi. berlinloni spath nursory 1902loe raayal botanic garden edinbergku "yuu" gaa sarafara chesina moodu namoonaalalo rendu. ephusa "edinberglo manugada saaginchavachchu, endukante nagaram chuttoo chetlanu pampinhee cheyadam thotalo aacharam; moodava namuunaa thotalone undhi. itara udaaharanalu nagaramlo kanipistaayi, mukhyamgaa inverleath ketayinpulaku edurugaa unna fets kalaasaala maidaanamlo mariyu uttara merchiston smasaanavaatika pravesadvaaram vadda. wales loe, aneka molakalatho kuudina rendu paripakva chetlu aberistwith sameepamlo ridefellin vadda oka chinna chekkalo kanipistaayi, marokati landegfan, angley vadda perugutundi. irelandlo, chettunu paatha rectory, kells road, ardy, county lauth (, garth, october 2009) vadda naalugu varusalu, mariyu chaanal dheevulalo, laa signuri (lii manoire), saarklooni baavi sameepamlo oka clump dwara suuchistaaru.
pramukha chetlu.
airopalo telisina rendu atipedda chetlu germanyloni gulitz vadda unnaayi (3.1 mea. dii.bii.hetch.), mariyu polandloni comoro vadda (2.96 mea. dii.bii.hetch. 2011 loe), dheenini whitcher anie pilustaaru. itara anubhavagnulu belgium (bole-gerth 5.15 mea), berlin (bole-gerth 4.5 mea) sameepamloni ransdorflo mariyu finlandloni rittwalalo (bole-gerth 4.49 mea) jeevinchi unnaaru.
ulmus lavis" yokka oka laine netherlandsloni ibergenlo kanipistundi (krinda gallery chudandi), ayithe alhambra, granadalo oka pedda, parinati chendina namuunaa kanipistundi.
"ulmus lavis" nuu chaalaa appudappudu UKloe alankaara chettuga, inca graameena mullapandulalo marinta yaadrucchikamgaa nataru. yuke chhampian ferrie faamlo, hairwood vadda tamar odduna, corn wall (27 mea etthu, 1.8 mea dii.bii.hetch. 1997 loe). itara udaaharanalu konnisaarlu gananeeyamaina vayassu unnappatikee, konnisaarlu chaalaa takkuva, taar point vadda cornwallo vyaadhigrastamaina sthaanika elm mariyu pencolinic (21 mea etthu, dii.bii.hetch. 1.75 mea), mariyu hampshireloni godaku sameepamlo (16 mea etthu, dii.bii.hetch. 1.3 mea 2016) inglandlo atipedda-telisina aggregation 50 chetla ring, idhi 1950 loe saadhaarana sunnam yokka valayamlo, hexagon kalapa, lark hill vadda, raathi kanchuku uttaraana unna solisbury maidaanam yokka ettaina chaakpai maajee mandugundu samagri dump chuttoo naatabadindi. 
united stateslo, 31.4 mea (103 adugulu) etthu (2015) unna chettu oregaanloni portlandloni 3331 neey hancock veedhiloo perugutundi; daani vayassu teliyadu.
upayoginchandi.
tellani elm kalapa paelavamaina naanhyata kaligi untundi, yantram chesinappudu cross-grain samasyalanu kaligistundi, anduvalla takkuva aacharanaatmaka upayogam, kattega kooda kaadu. kalapa saandrata itara european elmla kante gananeeyamgaa takkuvagaa untundi. ayithe, daani vegavantamaina perugudala, matti sampeedana sahanam, vaayu kalushyam mariyu dii-icing lavanaala kaaranamgaa, eee chettunu pattanaalalo mariyu rahadaarula vembadi soukaryavantamaina naatadaaniki chalakalamga upayogistunnaru.
pracharam.
"yuu. saadhaarana compostupy naatina vittanaala nundi lavis sulabhamgaa pandinchabadutundi mariyu baga neeru poesinatlugaa unchabadutundi. ayithe, vittanaalu asadhaaranamgaa swalpakaalikamgaa undagaa, vaati jeevanopaadhi samvatsaraaniki chaalaa maaravacchu. vaedi lekunda kooda oka vaaramlopu molakettadam jaragaali, uttama molakalu vaati modati samvatsaramlo ara meater varaku cherukuntaayi. juunloo teesina mruduvaina chekka kothalu kooda nammadagina paddhati; kothalu chaalaa twaragaa, paksham rojullone, vaerla dattamaina maatrukanu vaegamgaa utpatti chestaayi.
upajaatulu mariyu rakalu.
aneka putative rakalu gurtinchabaddaayi. ippudu ukrain nundi vacchina vividha rakaala "seltidia" 19va sataabdam madhyalo rogoviz dwara nivedinchabadindi, conny manugada saaginchadaaniki etuvanti udaaharanalu teliyavu. serbia nundi maroka rakam "parvipholia" nivedinchabadindi. 'symplicidence 'chaalaa arudaina rakam, manugada saaginchadaaniki telisina ekaika udaaharana salaspilsloni latvia jaateeya botanic guardenlo undhi.
saagu.
itara european jaatula elm thoo poliste, "yuu. lavis "udyaanavanaala patla takkuva shraddhanu pondindi, enimidi saagu mokkalu matrame namodu cheyabaddayi
russialo itara alankaara roopaalu gurtinchabaddaayih f. "argentovarigata", f. "rubra", mariyu eff. "tilipholia". 1888loe berlinloni frederixfelde smasaanavaatika nundi oka pyramid roopam nivedinchabadindi. fraanslooni entragues vadda dveepamlo ilanti monopodial chetla varusa (2019) perugutundi.
hybrids.
"yuu. american elm (yuu) thoo samanamga, lavis "sahajamgaa sankareekarinchabadadu. americana) dheeniki daggari sambandham undhi. ayithe, arnold arboretum vadda prayogaalalo, dheenini "yuu" thoo vijayavantamgaa daataaru. tomasi "mariyu" yuu. pumila "; atuvanti siluvalu eppuduu vaanijyaaniki vidudala kaaledu.