
polland cinema

polandlo cinema charitra daadaapu cinematography charitra antha sudeerghamainadi, mariyu idhi prapanchavyaaptamgaa gurtinchabadina vijayaalanu kaligi undhi, ayinappatikee polish chitraalu aneka itara european deshaala chitraala kante vaanijyaparamgaa takkuvagaa andubaatulo unnaayi.
rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata, communistu prabhutvam rachayita aadhaarita jaateeya chalanachitraanni nirminchindi, vandalaadi mandhi kotta darsakulaku sikshana ichindi mariyu chalanachitraalu cheyadaaniki vaariki adhikaram ichindi. roman polansky, krzysztoff keyslovsky, agniska halland, andrez wazda, andrez juvlavsky, andrez munk mariyu georgy skolimovsky vanti chitranirmaatalu polish chitra nirmaana abhivruddhini prabhaavitam chesaaru. iteevali samvatsaraalalo, eee parisrama nirmaatala netrutvamlo undhi, aardhika rangam oka chitram nirmaanaaniki keelakam, mariyu anni sailula yokka aneka mandhi swatantra chitranirmaathalatho, polish nirmaanaalu american chitram nundi marinta prerana pondaayi.
charitra.
prarambha charitra.
cinematograph aavishkarana jarigina chaalaa samvatsaraala taruvaata 1899loe modati cinema ladge loe sthaapinchabadindi. praarambhamlo "living pictures theatre" anie piluvabade idhi chaalaa prajaadarana pondindi mariyu taruvaati dasaabdam chivari natiki polandloni daadaapu prati pradhana pattanamlo sinimaalu undevi. modati polish chitranirmaata kazimirz praszinsky, athanu warsa loe vividha laghu documentarylanu chithreekarinchaadu. athani plograph film camera lumier brothers aavishkaranaku mundu patent cheyabadindi mariyu athanu "slizgaoka doubleu lazienkatch" ("raayal baath laloe skating-rink") anae paerutoe migili unna mottamodati polish documentary rachayitagaa, alaage 1902loe roopondinchina modati chinna kathana chitraalu "pourot birbanta" ("rake yokka return home") mariyu "prijigoda dorozcarza" ("cabman yokka sahasam"), rendoo. lumier company kosam panichesina modati chitranirmaatalalo okaraina bolesla matuszevsky cinema yokka maroka maargadarsakudu-mariyu 1897loe russian tarsaurs yokka adhikaarika "cinematographer" gaa ghanata pondaadu.
manugadalo unna mottamodati chalana chitram, "antos piyarvji raaj doubleu warszavi" ("antos pharr dhi fust time inn warsa") nuu 1908loe antoni fertner roopondinchaaru. daani premiere thedhee, october 22,1908, polish chitra parisrama sthaapana teedeegaa pariganinchabadutundi. tvaralo polish kalaakaarulu itara kalaa prakriyalatho prayogaalu cheyadam praarambhinchaaruh 1910loe vladisla starevicz prapanchamlooni mottamodati animated cartoonlalo okatigaa-mariyu stop motion technic, "piekna lucanida" ("andamaina lucanida") nuu upayoginchina modati vyaktigaa chesaaru. modati prapancha yuddham prarambham natiki polandloni cinema appatike saravegamgaa undhi, polish saahityamlooni pradhana rachanala yokka aneka anusaranalu pradarsinchabaddaayi (mukhyamgaa "digije greju", "meer ezofoviz" mariyu "naad neemnem").
modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo polish cinema sarihaddulanu daatindi. warsa ledhaa vilniuslo nirminchina chitraalanu tarachugaa german bhasha intertitlestho rebrand chesi berlinlo choopinchevaaru. aaa vidhamgaa oka yuva nati poolaa neegri (barbara apollonia chaalupik gaa janminchindi) germanylo keertini pondhi, chivariki nissabda chitraala yokka european suupar-starlalo okarigaa maarindi.
polandlo oka chitraaniki darsakatvam vahinchina modati mahila mariyu polish nissabda chalanachitra yugamlo ekaika mahilaa chitra darsakudu nina neovilla. aame 1918loe berlinlo adugupetti, 1919loe "tamara" ("obrancy lvova" paerutoe kooda piluvabade) anae paerutoe thana modati polish chitraaniki darsakatvam vahinchindi.
rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo, grate britanloni polish chitranirmaatalu naajii vyatiraeka rangu chitram "mister anie piliche" nuu roopondinchaaru. aakramita airopalo naajii neeraalu mariyu naajii pracharam gurinchi smith (1943). idhi charitralo mottamodati naajii vyatiraeka chitraalalo okati, idhi avant-gaard mariyu documentary chitram rendoo.
WWII taruvaata.
1945 navambarulo communistu prabhutvam film production und distribution organization film polskeeni sthaapinchindi, mariyu prasiddha polish peeples armi film maker alexander fordnu baadhyatalu appaginchindi. germanla nundi teesina chalanachitra parikaraalatoe nindina konni railway carriagelatho praarambhinchi, vaaru polish chalanachitra parisramaku sikshana ivvadaaniki mariyu nirminchadaaniki munduku saagutaaru. efpi avtput parimitam; 1947 mariyu 1952loe daani raddu madhya kevalam padamudu lakshanaalu matrame vidudala cheyabaddaayi, naajeela chetilo polish baadhalapai drushti saarinchaayi. 1947loe ford, 20 samvatsaraalu bodhinchina kotta jaateeya chalanachitra paatasaalanu sthaapinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki vellaadu.
parisrama digumati chesukunna kemeraalu mariyu chalanachitra nilvalanu upayoginchindi. modata thoorpu germany nundi okati ledhaa rendu nalupu mariyu telupu film stock, aapai eastman rangu pratikuula stock mariyu rush mariyu vidudala printla kosam okati ledhaa rendu print stacklu. polland thana sonta laiting parikaraalanu tayaaru chesindi. film stock palish chitraala adhika kharchula kaaranamgaa chaalaa takkuva shooting nishpattulatoe chitreekarinchabaddaayi, cinema chithreekaranalo upayoginchina film stock mottam puurtayina chitram yokka podavu varaku. parikaraalu mariyu chalanachitra nilvalu uttamamgaa laevu mariyu budget takkuvagaa undhi, conny chitranirmaatalu polish film school nundi bahusha prapanchamlone uttama sikshananu pondaaru. maroka prayojanam emitante, rashtra samsthagaa film polsky hodha, kabatti daani chithranirmaathalaku anni polish samsthalaku praapyata mariyu vaari chitraala nirmaanamloo vaari sahakaram undedi. film kemeraalu polish jeevitamlooni daadaapu prati amsamloki pravesinchagaligaayi.
rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata polandlo nirminchina modati chitram leonard buzkovsky darsakatvam vahinchina "jakajane piosenki" (1946), dheenini prarambha theatres 1 kooti 80 laksala mandhi (mottam 23,8 janabhalo) chuusaaru. 1967loe thana maranam varaku bakzkovsky kramam tappakunda chitraalanu nirminchadam konasaginchadu. rendava prapancha yuddham anantara kaalamlooni itara mukhyamaina chitraalu 1989loe communism nundi pettubadidaarii vidhaanaaniki maare varaku chalanachitraalanu nirminchadam konasaaginchina wanda zakubovska darsakatvam vahinchina "dhi laast stage" (1948), mariyu alexander ford darsakatvam vahinchina "boarder streat" (1949).
1950la madhya natiki, polandlo stallinism mugisina taruvaata, chalanachitra nirmaanaanni chalanachitra samuhaluga erpaatu chesaaru. oka chalanachitra brundam anedi anubhavagnudaina chitra darsakudi netrutvamlo rachayitalu, chitra darsakulu mariyu nirmaana nirvaahakulatoe kuudina chitra nirmaatala samaharam. vaaru scriptlu vraastaaru, budjetlanu roopondistaaru, saamskrutika mantritva saakha nundi nidhulu kosam darakhaastu chestaaru mariyu chitraanni roopondistaaru. vaaru natulu mariyu sibbandini niyaminchukuntaaru mariyu film polskeyche niyantrinchabade studiolu mariyu prayogasaalalanu upayogistaaru.
raajakeeya vaataavaranamloo maarpu polish film school udyamaaniki daariteesindi, idhi prapancha cinematography yokka konni aikanlaku sikshanaa maidaanam, udhaa.zii.roman polansky ("neetilo katthi", "rosemaries baby", "picchivaadu", "pianist") mariyu krzysztoff janussi (1970la naati "naitika aandolana yokka cinema" anie pilavabade pramukha darsakudu). andrage wazda yokka chitraalu polish anubhavam yokka saarvatrika amsam-atyanta kashtataramaina paristhitulalo gowravaanni kaapaadukoovadaaniki chese poraatam gurinchi antardrushtito kuudina vislaeshanhalanu andistaayi. ayana chitraalu aneka polish taraalanu nirvachinchaayi. 2000loe, vaajdaaku chitraaniki ayana chesina samagra krushiki gourava ascar labhinchindi. athani naalugu chitraalu academy avaardulalo uttama videshee bhasha chitra avaarduku nominate ayyayi, maroe edu polish darsakulu okkokkati nominate ayyaru roman polansky, georgy kavaleroviz, georgy hafman, georgy antjack, agniska halland, zaan komasa mariyu georgy skolimovsky. 2015loe, polish chitranirmaata pavel pavlikovsky thana chitram "idaa" kii eee avaardunu andukunnaru. 2019loe, athanu thana tadupari chitram "colled waar" kosam rendu vibhagalalo avaarduku empikayyaadu-uttama videshee bhasha chitram mariyu uttama darsakudu.
1980laloe, peeples republic off polland cinema, radeo vanti avutletlatho sahaa desamloni communist palanaku vyatiraekamgaa anni rakaala vyatiraekatalanu oodinchadaaniki, sensor cheyadaaniki sainika chattanni erpaatu chesindani gamaninchadam kooda mukhyam. eee kaalamlo udbhavinchina oka mukhyamaina chitram raizard bugazsky yokka 1982 chitram "intraduction" ("presesluchaanii"), idhi oka duradrushtakaramaina mahila (christina janda pooshinchina) kathanu varnistundi, aamenu rahasya pooliisulu arrestu chesi himsimchi, tanaku aemee teliyani neeraanni angeekaristaaru. eee chitram yokka communistu vyatiraeka swabhaavam kaaranamgaa eee chitram edu samvatsaraalaku paiga nishedhinchabadindi. 1989loe, polandlo communistu prabhutvaanni padagottina taruvaata nishedham raddu cheyabadindi, aaa samvatsaram taruvaata eee chitram modatisaarigaa theatres pradarsinchabadindi. aaa samayamlo chaalaa mandhi kalaakaarulu himsaku bhayapadinanduna, stallinist paalana krooratvaanni chithreekarinchadamlo daani saahasopetataku eee chitram netikee prasamsimchabadimdi.
1990laloe, krzysztoff keyslovsky "decalogue" (television kosam tayaaru cheyabadindi), "dhi double life off veronic" mariyu "three colours" trayam vanti nirmaanaalatoo saarvatrika prasamsalanu andukunnaru. polandlo atyanta prasiddha chitraalalo marokati krzysztoff kraaj yokka "dhi dett", idhi blockbuster ayindi. idhi polish pettubadidaarii vidhanam yokka krooramaina vaastavikatanu mariyu pedarikam perugudalanu choopinchindi. gananeeyamaina sankhyalo polish chitra darsakulu (udhaa.zii.agnisca halland mariyu janasj kaminsky) american studiolalo panicheesaaru. polish animated chitraalu-zaan lenica mariyu zbignive raibzinsky (ascar, 1983) vantivi-sudeergha sampradaayaanni avalambinchaayi mariyu polland yokka graphic kalala nundi vaari prerananu pondadam konasaginchayi. itara pramukha polish chitra darsakulalo tomas baginsky, malgorjata sumovska, zaan jakub kolsky, georgy kavaleroviz, stanisla bareja mariyu janasj zavorsky unnaaru.
polandlo jarige pramukha vaarshika chalanachitrotsavaalalo warsa antarjaateeya chalanachitrotsavam, camera imaging, antarjaateeya swatantra cinema off camera festival, nyuu horizons film festival, alaage gdinia film festival mariyu polish film avaardulu unnaayi.
cinema prekshakulu.
communistu prabhutvam adhunaatana cinema prekshakulanu nirminchadaaniki vanarulanu pettubadi pettindi. anni sinimaalu prabhutva yajamanyamlo undevi mariyu modati sariga nadiche premiere cinema, sthaanika cinema mariyu art house sinimaalanu kaligi undevi. tikketlu choukagaa undevi mariyu vidyaarthulu mariyu vruddhulaku taggimpulu labhinchaayi. ladge nagaramlo 1970laloe 36 theatres prapanchavyaaptamgaa unna chitraalanu pradarsinchaayi. phelini yokka italian chitraalu, french haasya chitraalu, daan seagel yokka "charley warrick" vanti american crime sinimaalu unnaayi. chalanachitraalu vaati asalu samskaranallo polish upasheershikalato pradarsinchabaddaayi. communistu vyatiraeka mariyu pracchanna yuddha chitraalu pradarsinchabadaledu, conny konni chitraala kharchu pedda parimitigaa undedi. film" mariyu "screen" vanti pramukha chalanachitra patrikalu, "kino" vanti vimarsanaatmaka patrikalu undevi. ivanni manchi samacharam unna sinee prekshakulanu nirminchadaaniki sahayapaddayi.
polish film academy.
polish film academy 2003loe warsa loe sthaapinchabadindi mariyu sthaanika chithranirmaathalaku charcha kosam oka vedikanu andinchadam mariyu prachuranalu, pradarsanalu, charchalu mariyu paatasaalallo eee amsaanni kramam tappakunda pracharam cheyadam dwara polish cinema pratishtanu prothsahinche marganni andinchadam dheeni lakshyam.
avaardulu.
2003 nundi, polish film avaardula vijaetalanu academy sabhyulu ennukuntaaru.
film schools.
prabhutvam naduputunna mariyu private, aneka samsthalu chitranirmaanam yokka vividha amsaalalo adhikaarika vidyanu andistaayi.

