
fort seyint-elme (france)

seyint-elme koota 1538 mariyu 1552 madhya charless vii. chetha nirminchabadina sainika koota. idhi perpignanku aagneyamgaa 30 kilometres dhooramlo unna kolliyur jillaalo, pyronese-orientals vibhaagamlo undhi. idhi coat vermail yokka "smaaraka charitra" gaa gurtinchabadindi. 2008 nundi, eee koota madhyayuga mariyu punarujjeevana aayudha sekaranalu, pradarsanalu mariyu terrus nundi eee praantampai panoramaatho museumgaa undhi.
sthaanam.
seyint-elme koota paschimaana velaadutunna konda paina mariyu thoorpuna naukashraya-vendarla paina undhi. dakshinaana unna cole dii 'enn raiksat dwara uttaraana unna dii114 rahadaarini kalipe sthaanika rahadaarini anusarinchi kotaku cherukovacchu.
toponymy.
seyint elme yokka muulaalaku sambandhinchi aneka anchanaalu unnaih modata, seyint-elme paeru 4va sataabdapu italian amaraveerudu ayina erasmus off formia nundi vacchi undavacchu. rendavadi, idhi spanish seyint peater gonzalez (1190-1246) gouravaartham ivvabadi undavacchu. paschima madhyadhara tiiraala chuttoo eee paerunu enduku kanugonnamo idhi vivaristundihi naples loe seyint elme, shant feliu dii gixoles loe saant elme, shant helme mariyu provence loe santem. seyint erasmus naavikulaku poeshaka sadhuvu ayi undavacchu, endukante athanu thana pakkana urumulato kuudina sabdam neelanu taakinappatikii bodhananu konasaaginchaadani chebutaaru. idhi aakasmika tuphaanulu mariyu merupula valla pramaadamloo unna naavikulanu athani praarthanalanu koradaniki prerepinchindi. ooda yokka maast heads vadda vidyut utsargalu athani rakshanaku chihnamgaa chadavabaddayi mariyu seyint elmos fair anie piluvabaddayi.
1794 juun 3naa french viplavam samayamlo, eee nagaram kluptamgaa "fort-du-roacher" (raathi koota) anae paerunu teesukundi.
charitra.
muulam nundi madhya yugam varaku.
seyint-elme koota charitra 8va sataabdamloo kavalikota yokka abhivruddhi thoo praarambhamaindi.ii.arab-berber dalaalu 719 mariyu 759 madhya septimanianu aakraminchina kaalamlo. marca hispanicalo vileenam cheyabadina eee tower, 1172loe rousillan yokka rendava girard vaarasulu lekunda maranam varaku swatantra rousillan kountlaku chendinadi. athanu thana kounteeni aragon raaju mariyu barcelona count ayina alphonso IIకి vaarasatvamgaa icchaadu. aragonese kaalamlo, eee gopuram daani maaruperunu "torre dii laa guardia" (watchtower) gaa maarchukundi.
1276 mariyu 1344 madhya, kolliyur koota vesavi nivasamga unna mezorca raajulu, eee aadarsha konam nundi eee signal towernu punarnirminchaaru. eee tower samarthavanthamaina samachara vyavasthalo vileenam cheyabadindi, indulo kolliyur ettulalo unna massen mariyu madelok towerlu unnaayi mariyu 13va sataabdamloo aragon kuu chendina james II nidhulu samakuurchaaru. eee towerlu poga sankethaala dwara communicate chestaayi, idhi pramaadaaniki anugunamgaa poga sanketaalato (nalupu ledhaa telupu, nirantara ledhaa nirantara) chuttupakkala janabhanu apramattam cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. raatri samayamlo, perpignon varaku rakshana dalaalanu apramattam cheyadaaniki konni podi kalapalu telikapati mantalaku arhamainavi. rojuki, poganu vidudala cheyadaaniki kontha aakupaccha kalapanu upayoginchaaru, tadwara eee praantamlooni itara gopuraalu mariyu balamaina sthaavaraalatho communicate chesaaru. conny adhi mejoraka raajyaaniki satruvu, aragon raaju peater IV, athanu 1344loe tiiraanni jayinchina tarvaata, koota rakshananu meruguparachadaaniki gananeeyamaina sainika krushi chesaadu.
15va sataabdam rendava bhaagamlo, french vaaru rousillaannu niyantrinchaaru. 1462loe, raaju luis XI, bayan oppandampai santakam cheyadaaniki catalan antaryuddhaanni (1462-1472) sadviniyogam chesukuni, rousillan mariyu serdagne kounteelanu swaadheenam chesukunnadu. french vaaru kotanu balopetam cheyaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru, dheeniki seyint elme anae paeru vachindi. praakaraalalo kontha bhaagam eee kaalam naatidi. luis XI varasudu, charless VIII, naples raajyampai thana aasayaala kosam speyin tatasthataku bharosa ivvalanukunnadu, 1493loe barcelona oppandampai aragon yokka ferdinand IIthoo santakam chesaadu. tadwara kolpoyina bhuubhaagaalanu catholic raaju tirigi pondaadu.
charless vii yokka koota.
16va sataabdamloo, spanish raajyaaniki rusilan chaalaa avasaram. eee praantam uttaraana cardillaras, dakshinaana albera massif mariyu thoorpuna madhyadhara samudram dwara tribhujaakaara aakaaramlo undhi. perpignon oka mukhyamaina paarisraamika, saamskrutika mariyu vaanijya kendramgaa undedi, idhi italii sampadatho mukhyamaina pratyeka sambandhaalanu kaligi undhi. perpignon uttaraana salces koota mariyu dakshinaana seyint-elme koota dwara rakshinchabadindi. eee koota kolliyur mariyu port-vendors naukaasrayaalanu kooda rakshinchindi, ivi praantiiya rajadhani rousillaanku sarafara mariyu dalaala sahayakulaku haamii icchaayi.
aadhunika phirangula purogati yuddha kala mariyu muttadi saanketikatalanu teevramgaa maarchindi. vaastusilpulu, phirangidala sibbandini kotta yuddha yajamanuluga, saarvabhoumaadhikaarula salahadaruluga marcharu. 1537loe, italian vaastusilpi benedetto off ravenna, koliyur sthaanam yokka balaheenatalapai chakravarthy drushtini aakarshinchadu. oka tanikhi taruvaata, benedetto charless v yokka oppandaanni pondaadu. athanu 1538loe 1552 varaku panulanu praarambhinchaadu mariyu koota roopaanni marchadu, idhi daani nakshatra aakarapu koonaanni teesukundi.
oka french koota.
eee aadhuneekarana mariyu firangulaku anugunamgaa unnappatikee, 1642 april 13naa, luis XIII raaju yokka french dalaalu kotanu swaadheenam chesukovadamlo vijayam saadhinchaayi. 1659loe pyrinese oppandampai santakam chesina taruvaata, spanish muppu alaage undipoyindi. 1659loe king luis XIV yokka sainika vaastusilpi ayina wouban, kolliyur praantamloo rakshana nirmaanaalanu nigha chesinappudu, athanu oka counterscorpnu nirminchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu, idhi prakaaraala punaaditoe padaatidalam mariyu firangulu sulabhamgaa panicheyagala padhi meterla goyyigaa erpadindi.
1780 loe, odarevu-vendarla naukaasrayaanni merugga erpaatu cheyadaaniki, koota mukhabhagam samudram nundi oka mylurayiga upayogapadataaniki, bhaarii towertho tellabettindi.
french viplavam samayamlo, marinta khachitamgaa cheppalante, 1793 mariyu 1795 madhya jarigina pyrinese yuddham samayamlo, eee praantam himsaatmaka pooraataalaku kendramgaa undedi. seyint elme kotanu raacharikavaadulu, ganatantravaadulu varusaga jayincharu. 1794loe spanish sainyam kotanu swaadheenam chesukundi. aaru nelala taruvaata, general dugomier 11,000 phirangi banthulatho dundagulanu anichivesaadu, idhi 22 rojula muttadi taruvaata 1794 mae 25naa longipoyindi. viplava kaalam taruvaata, kolliyur munisipaalitiitoe ekikrutamaina kotanu sainika giddangulugaa marcharu.
oka private museum.
seyint-elme koota 1903loe sainikeekarinchabadaledu mariyu vadiliveyabadindi. tower dhvamsamaindi, (shooting sthalam) paakshikamgaa asaadhyamainadi, mariyu aneka godalu koolipoye pramaadam undhi. 1913 augustu 21naa, kotanu vaelam veyaalani rashtram nirnayinchindi. aneka mandhi yajamaanulu vijayam saadhinchaaru, conny punaruddharana jaragaledu. eee kotanu 1927 april 2 naati decree dwara smaaraka chihnamgaa namodu chesaaru. kotta yajamani daanini punaruddharinchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. panulu 1936loe mugisai. rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo, 1942 mariyu 1944 madhya criegsmarine kotanu aakraminchindi. vaaru khaalii chesinappudu vaaru mitraraajyaala dalaalaku aatamkam kaliginchadaaniki konni bhavanalanu chaitanyavantam chesaaru. eee kotanu 1950loe paakshikamgaa punarnirminchaaru, conny chaalaa varaku punaruddharana 2004loe praarambhamaindi. 2008 nundi eee koota museumgaa undhi.
nirmaana.
seyint-elme koota lopali bhaagam gopuram yokka bahya chuttukolata chuttoo nirminchina gadulatho koodi untundi. modati antastulo sainika vasati gruhalu, aayudhaala gadhi, simhaasana gadhi, jailu mariyu poyyi unnaayi. nedu, neelaloo 15va nundi 19va sataabdam varaku unna chaaritraka vastuvulu amarchabadi unnaih sirastraanaalu, nites kavachalu, chaatiilu, palish chesina raathi mariyu inupa phirangi bantulu, madhyayuga mariyu punarujjeevana aayudhalu (culverine, falconet, crossbouse, halbirds, flails, suttulu, lans, villu, kattulu, archwaybus, 16va sataabdapu tupaakulu), hovitzer sakalaalu.
itara gadulu smaaraka chihnam yokka charitranu pradarsistaayih charless V yokka vamsavali mariyu jeevitam, wouban yokka kotalu, 1770 yokka jabita mariyu 1794 loe general jackwess francois dugomier daadi.
rendava antastulo, pindi mariyu phirangi giddangulu guardroom mariyu bakery pakkana undevi. telivigala rakshana vyavasthatho kuudina balamaina koota ayina seyint-elme, muttadulaku maddatu ivvadaaniki mariyu daadulanu nirodhinchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi. konni godalu enimidi meterla mandam varaku untaayi. aaa gopuramlo aaa podini kaligi undhi. shooting pradaesamloe 20 kante ekkuva firangulu mariyu hovitzerlanu andukovachhu. 
bhoogarbhaalu prajalaku terichi undavu. gatamlo, veetini aaharam mariyu gruhanirmaanam kosam giddangulugaa upayoginchevaaru. vaaru pooraataaniki avasaramaina anni laavaadaeveelanu (corps dii meteor) kooda unchavacchu.