sanklishta manasika sthithi

samyugmamu (konni bhaashalalo samyogamu anie kooda pilustaaru) anedi vyaakarana manasika sthithi, idhi daani patla speaker vaikharini soochinche uchchaarana yokka lakshanam. kriyala yokka anubandha roopaalu saadhaaranamgaa avaastavam yokka vividha sthithulanu vyakteekarinchadaaniki upayoginchabadataayi, avih korika, bhavodvegam, avakaasam, teerpu, abhiprayam, baadhyata ledhaa inca sambhavinchani charya; avi upayoginchabade khachitamaina paristhitulu bhasha nundi bhashaku maarutuu untaayi. subjanctive anedi avaastavika manobhavalalo okati, idhi tappanisarigaa nijam kaani vaatini suuchistumdi. idhi tarachugaa suuchika, vaastavika manasika sthithiki viruddhamgaa untundi, idhi pradhanamgaa edho oka vaastava prakatana anie suuchimchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi.
subjunctivelu chaalaa tarachugaa sambhavistaayi, pratyaekamgaa kakapoyina, adheena upavakyalalo, mukhyamgaa "aaa"-upavaakyaalu. aanglamlo upasheershika yokka udaaharanalu "meeru" jagrattagaa undandi "mariyu" aame mea pakkana "undatam" mukhyam anie neenu suuchistunnaanu "anae vakyalalo kanipistaayi."
indo-european bhashalu.
proto-indo-european.
indo-european bhashalaku punarnirminchina ummadi puurveekulaina proto-indo-european bhashaku rendu daggari sambandhamaina manobhaavaalu unnaih anubandham mariyu optative. daani aneka kumarte bhashalu eee manobhaavaalanu militam chesaayi ledhaa vileenam chesaayi.
indo-europeanlo, kriya yokka muulam yokka puurti ablot gradenu upayoginchadam dwara mariyu muula kaandamku nepathya acchunu * "-e-" ledhaa * "-o-" nuu jodinchadam dwara, puurti, praadhamika vyaktigata maarpulatoe anubandham erpadindi. upasheershika anedi indo-european "irrealis", idhi oohaatmaka ledhaa viruddha paristhitulaku upayoginchabadutundi.
optative mood anedi * "-ieh1" ledhaa * "-ih1" (swarapetikatho) pratyayamtho erpadindi. optative dviteeya vyaktigata pratibimbaala clitic samitini upayoginchindi. korikalu ledhaa aasalanu vyaktam cheyadaaniki optative upayoginchabadindi.
indo-european bhaashalalo, albanian, aveston, puraatana greeku mariyu samskrutam matrame anubandham mariyu optativenu puurtigaa vaerugaa mariyu samaantaramgaa unchaayi. ayithe, samskrutamlo, samyugmam yokka upayogam prarambha kaalamlooni vaeda bhaashalo matrame kanipistundi, mariyu optative mariyu imperative tulanaatmakamgaa takkuvagaa upayoginchabadataayi. taruvaati bhaashalo (sii nundi. cree. puu. 500), subjanctive upayogam lekunda poyindi, badulugaa optative ledhaa imperative upayoginchabadindi, ledhaa laatinlo vale optativto vileenam cheyabadindi. edemaina, subjanctive yokka modati-vyakti roopaalu upayoginchabadatam konasagutunnayi, endukante avi imperetku badilee cheyabadataayi, gatamlo, greeku maadirigaane, modati vyakti roopaalu laevu.
german bhashalu.
german bhaashalalo, upa samyogaalu kooda saadhaaranamgaa paatha optatives (korika ledhaa aasanu soochinche manasika sthithi) nundi erpadataayi, prastuta upa samyogam * "-i-" thoo mariyu gatam * "-i-" thoo gurtinchabadutundi. german bhaashalo, eee roopaalu "-e" anie vrayabade shwaku tagginchabaddaayi. ayithe, gatha kaalam tarachugaa ii-umlaatnu pradarsistundi. paatha norse loe, rendu pratyayaaluu "-i-" gaa parinaamam chendaayi, conny i-umlat gatha upavibhaagamlo sambhavistundi, idhi vaatini vaeru chestundi.
diguva pattika "grapha" ("travvadam") anae kriyaku paatha norse kriyaaseela namuunaanu (niyamaala samiti) chooputundih
aanglam.
aadhunika aanglamlo, upaangam anedi oka parimitamaina conny tanyata laeni nibandhanaga grahinchabadindi, ikkada pradhana kriya "bair" roopamlo sambhavistundi. vividha rakaala itara nirmaanaalalo kooda bair roopam upayoginchabadutunnanduna, aangla upasheershika oka pratyaekamaina inflectional namuunaa kante claz rakam dwara pratibimbistumdi.
german.
german bhaashalo rendu rakaala samyugma manasika sthithi undhi, avi "conjunctive ii" (kii) 'prastuta samyugma' mariyu "conjunctive II" (kii) 'gatha samyugma'. vaati aangla paerlu unnappatikee, german upa samyogaalu rendintinee gatha mariyu prastuta kaalaaniki upayoginchavacchu.
conjunctive I
prastuta upasheershika konni vyakteekaranalalo sambhavistundi, (e.zii. "idhi chaalaa baagundi!"raaju deerghaayuvu!") mariyu paroksha (nivedinchabadina) prasangamlo. daani upayogam tarachugaa suuchika manasika sthithi dwara bharti cheyabadutundi. udaaharanaku, "err sagte, err sae arge" ('athanu oka vaidyudu anie cheppadu') anedi cheppabadinadaaniki tatastha praatinidhyam mariyu nivedinchabadina prakatana nijamani speaker bhavistunnada ledhaa anae daanipai etuvanti vaadana cheyadu.
gatha upasheershikanu tarachugaa adhe bhavalanu vyaktam cheyadaaniki upayoginchavachhuh "err sagte, err varr arget."ledhaa, udaaharanaku, adhikaarika, vraasina" "err saage, err hebe kii jeat" "kuu badulugaa, prastuta upanga 'hebe' thoo tanaku samayam ledani athanu cheppadu, gatha upanga 'hatte' nuu upayoginchavachhuh" "err sagte, err" "hatte" "kii jeat"."
ayithe, prasangamlo, speaker taanu nivedistunna prasamgaanni anumaanistunnaadane etuvanti suuchana lekunda gatha upasheershika saadhaaranam. suuchika "err sagte, err isth arjt" mariyu "err sagte, err hott keane jeat" upayoginchadam sarvasaadhaaranam."idhi tarachugaa vraatapuurvaka nivedikalalo prastuta upasheershikanu upayoginchi faaraalaku maarchabadutundi.
saine" ("undaali") anae kriya tappa anni kriyalaku prastuta upaangam puurtigaa kramabaddhamgaa untundi. idhi anantamaina kaandanki "-e", "-est", "-e", "-en", "-et", "-en" jodinchadam dwara erpadutundi. saine" anae kriya prastuta samyugma ksheenataku "sea-" anae kaandam kaligi undhi, conny dheeniki modati mariyu moodava vyakti ekavachanaaniki mugimpu ledhu. nivedinchabadina prasangam kosam prastuta upabhaashanu upayoginchadam vaartaapatrika kathanaalalo lanchanaprayamga mariyu saadhaaranam ayinappatikee, vyavaharika prasangamlo daani upayogam nirantaram taggutondi.
paripuurnata ("err sae daa gavesen" 'athanu [spashtamgaa] akkada unnadu') mariyu bhavishyattu ("err verde daa saine" 'athanu akkada untaadu') thoo sahaa vividha kalalalo upaamgaanni vyakteekarinchadam saadhyamavutundi. kontavaraku itara ardhamtho conjunctive II nuu yerparuchukune preterite kosam, paroksha prasangam khachitamaina kaalaaniki maaraali, tadwarah "err sagte 'itch waar daa.'err sagte, err sae daa gavesen' avutundi.
conjunctive II
kii" ledhaa gatha samyugmamu sharatulatho kuudina kaalanni roopondinchadaaniki mariyu konni sandarbhaallo, oka nirdishta kriya yokka suuchika mariyu samyugma manobhaavaalu rendoo gurtinchalenivi ayinappudu prastuta samyugmaaniki pratyamnaayamgaa upayoginchabadutundi.
prati german kriyaku gatha anubandha samyogam untundi, conny matlade german bhaashalo sharatulatho kuudinadi saadhaaranamgaa "woorde" (conjunctive II roopam "verden", idhi ikkada aanglamlo "will" ledhaa "will" kuu sambandhinchinadi, badulugaa saahityaparamgaa "maaraali"; mandalikah "taate", "tuu" yokka kii) anantamaina padamtho erpadutundi. udaaharanakuh "oka dainar stelle varde itch ihm nicht helfen" 'neenu mea sthaanamlo unte neenu ataniki sahayam cheyanu'. udaaharanaku, "helfen" (hulph) yokka conjunctive II roopam chaalaa asaadhaaranamainadi. edemaina, "hatte" ("haben" yokka gatha anubandha ksheenata "kaligi undatam") mariyu "ware" ("seen" yokka gatha anubandha ksheenata 'gaa undatam') kuu badulugaa 'woorde' nuu upayoginchadam ibbandikaramaina (gatha anubandham yokka prastuta upayogam) nundi tappu (gatha anubandham) varaku ekkadainaa grahinchavacchu. aanglamlo vale pradhana upavakyalalo kakunda "woorde" loe roopaalanu upayoginche dhorani undhi; upavakyalalo kooda saadhaarana roopaalu (ivi puurvabhaavini suuchistaayi mariyu anduvalla, itara paristhitulalo vaadukalo laevu) ippatikee vinavacchu.
finden" ("fundey") mariyu "tune" ("taate") vanti konni kriyalu unnaayi, veeti kosam nirmaanaanni upayoginchavacchu. aneka nighantuvulu atuvanti kriyala yokka gatha anubandha ksheenatanu adhikaarika vraatapuurvaka german bhaashalo saraina vyakteekaranagaa bhaavistaayi.
gatha samyugmamu anedi kriya yokka puurva (asampoorna) ksheenata yokka kaandam nundi tagina prastuta samyugma ksheenata tagina vidhamgaa mugustundi. chaalaa sandarbhaallo, veelaithe kaandam acchuku "umlat" jodinchabadutundi (i.ii. idhi "a", "o", "u" ledhaa "au") ayithe, udaaharanakuh "ich waar" → "ich ware", "ich brachte" → "ich brachte".
dutch.
dutch bhaashalo german bhasha maadirigaane (paina vivarinchina) upanga kaalalu unnaayi, ayithe avi samakaaleena prasangamlo arudu. german bhaashalo adhe rendu kaalaalanu konnisaarlu anubandha manasika sthithi ("amvoyejende viz") mariyu konnisaarlu sharatulatho kuudina manasika sthithi ("woorwardelizke viz") gaa pariganistaaru. aacharanalo, kriyala yokka sambhaavya upanga upayogaalu suuchika upayogaala nundi vaeru cheyadam kashtam. dheeniki kaaranam suuchika manasika sthithitho paatu sanklishta manasika sthithi kooda padipovadam
puraatana mariyu saampradaaya padabandhaalu ippatikee samyugma manasika sthithini kaligi unnaih
veetilo, chivari 4 udaaharanalu ippatikee rojuvaaree prasangamlo bhaagamgaa unnaayi.
vilaasavantamainadi.
lagjambargish german (paina vivarinchina) maadirigaane upa-samyoga kaalaalanu kaligi untundi. ayithe periphrasis kosam, "woorde" ledhaa (maandalika) "taate" kuu badulugaa "geef" upayoginchabadutundi.
latin mariyu srungaara bhashalu.
latin.
latin upaamgaaniki aneka upayogaalu unnaayi, idhi oka vaakyamlooni nibandhana yokka swabhaavampai aadharapadi untundih
swatantra upavaakyaalu
aadhaarapadina upavaakyaalu
chaaritraatmakamgaa, latin subjanctive puurveekula optative inflectionla nundi udbhavinchindi, ayithe konni asalu subjanctive roopaalu latin future tensnu, mukhyamgaa latin moodava samyogamlo, rachinchaayi. paatha optative roopaala yokka *-i-soochinche mood takkuva acchunu kaligi unnappudu kooda latin subjunctivelu saadhaaranamgaa adhika acchunu kaligi untaayi anae vaastavamlo vyaktamavutundi; udaaharanaku, latin "rogamus", memu adugutamu, "soochinche mood loe, subjanctive" rosemus "kuu anugunamgaa untundi," e "anedi" a "kante ekkuva acchu ekkada anie adagandi.
portugees, spanish mariyu italian (itara latin bhaashalatho paatu) looni daadaapu anni kriyalaku mariyu frenchloni aneka kriyalaku anubandha manasika sthithi atyanta vibhinnamaina roopaanni kaligi undhi. eee bhashalanni latin nundi vaari anubandhaanni vaarasatvamgaa pondaayi, ikkada anubandha manasika sthithi asalu anubandha mariyu optative manasika sthithitho sahaa aneka asalu indo-european inflection setla nundi roopaalu mariyu upayogaalu rendintinee militam chestundi.
aneka sandarbhaallo, srungaara bhashalu aanglamlo maadirigaane anubandhaanni upayogistaayi; ayithe, vaaru vaatini itara margallo kooda upayogistaaru. udaaharanaku, aanglam saadhaaranamgaa "manchu padanivvandi" vanti vaanchaneeya vyakteekaranalanu roopondinchadaaniki sahayaka "mae" ledhaa "lett" nuu upayogistundi. srungaara bhashalu veetiki anubandhaanni upayogistaayi; udaaharanaku, french, "quill neez" mariyu "quills vivent jusk 'eah lure viellesse" anie chebutundi. ayithe, modati-vyakti bahuvachanam vishayamlo, eee bhashalu tappanisari roopaalanu kaligi unnaih frenchlo "lets yuu goo" antey "allance-vai". adanamgaa, srungaara bhashalu vividha rakaala adheena upavakyalalo anubandhaanni upayogistaayi, udaaharanaku "aanglamlo unnappatikeeh" neenu vruddhudini ayinappatikee, neenu yavvanamgaa bhaavistunnaanu "; french" bien kyuu jay sois viax, jay mea sense zeane ".
spaanishlo, "loe kyuu" (edhi, emiti), "quian" (evaru), ledhaa "donde" (ekkada) mariyu upa-samyoga kriya roopaalu vanti padaalatoe kuudina padabandhaalu tarachugaa "edainaa" ledhaa konnisaarlu niravadhika sarvanamam yokka kontha vaividhyamtho aanglamloki anuvadinchabadataayi. spanish "loe kyuu sea", antey, saahityaparamaina vivarana dwara, "edhi anedi" anae panktula venta, aanglamlo "edhi ayina" ledhaa "edainaa" gaa anuvadinchabadindi; adevidhamgaa, spanish "donde sea" antey aanglamlo "ekkadainaa" mariyu spanish "quian sea" antey aanglamlo "evarikainaa". udaaharanaku, spanish "loe kyuu quiera", aksharala "meeku kaavalasinadi", aanglamlo "meeku kaavalasinadi" anie anuvadinchabadindi; spanish "custe loe kyuu custe" aanglamlo "daani dhara emainappatiki" anie anuvadinchabadindi; mariyu spanish "donde vayas, voy" aanglamlo "meeru ekkadiki vellinaa, neenu veltaanu" anie anuvadinchabadindi.
french.
prastuta mariyu gatha upasambandhaalu
anubandham ekkuvagaa korika, anumanam ledhaa sambhaavyatanu vyaktam chese kriyalu ledhaa kriyaavishaeshanhaalatoo upayoginchabadutundi; idhi oka kramaanni kooda vyaktam cheyavachu. idhi daadaapu ellappuduu samyogam () mundu untundi.
samyugmamu yokka upayogam aneka vidhaluga aanglamtho samanamga untundih
konnisaarlu idhi kaaduh
french suuchika manasika sthithilo "paas du subjonctiffe" anie piluvabade "paas compose" kuu samaanamaina gatha upaamgaanni upayogistundi. aadhunika sambhashana french loe upayoginche ekaika itara upa-sambhashana kaalam idhi. idhi sahayaka "étre" ledhaa "avoir" mariyu kriya yokka gatha bhaagaswaamyamto erpadutundi. spanish vanti itara srungaara bhashala maadirigaa kakunda, adheena nibandhanaloni "paas du subjonctiffe" nuu prerepinchadaaniki munupati nibandhana gatamlo undaalsina avasaram ellappuduu leduh
asampoorna mariyu pluperfect subjunctives
french loe kooda oka asampoornamaina anubandham undhi, idhi paatha, adhikaarika ledhaa saahitya rachanalo, pradhana nibandhana bhoothakaalamlo unnappudu (french sharatulatho sahaa, idhi padanirmaanaparamgaa bhavishyattu-gatam) adheena nibandhanalo prastuta anubandhaanni bharti chestundih 
adevidhamgaa, pluperfect subjanctive adhe sandarbhamlo gatha subjanctivenu bharti chestundih
italian.
italian subjunctive ("congiantivo") saadhaaranamgaa upayoginchabadutundi, ayithe, mukhyamgaa matlade bhaashalo, idhi konnisaarlu suuchika dwara bharti cheyabadutundi.
bench", "senza chae", "prima chae" ledhaa "perche" vanti oka sett padabandham ledhaa samyogaanni anusarinche adheena upavakyalalo subjanctive pradhanamgaa upayoginchabadutundi. idhi anumanam, avakaasam mariyu abhiprayam ledhaa korikanu vyaktam chese kriyalatho kooda upayoginchabadutundi, udaaharanaku "credo chae", "eah possible chae" mariyu "ritengo chae", mariyu konnisaarlu utkrushtamainavi mariyu vaastavika utkrushtamainavi.
french upasheershikaku bhinnamgaa, italian padaanni "penso chae" ("neenu anukuntunnanu") vanti vyakteekaranala tarvaata upayogistaaru, ikkada frenchlo suuchika upayoginchabadutundi. ayithe, "jay nae pence paas kyuu" anae vyakteekarana tarvaata upaamgaanni upayoginchadam kooda saadhyame.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru."(neenu alaa anukovadam ledhu.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru."), mariyu" "pences-tuu kyuu" "vanti prasnalalo".anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru."(" "meeru alaa anukuntunnara?anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru."), suuchika roopaalu kooda sarainavi ayinappatikee.
prastuta upasheershika
prastuta upasheershika prastuta suuchikanu pooli untundi, conny ippatikee ekkuvagaa vaeru cheyadaginadi. subject sarvanamalu tarachugaa prastuta subjunctive thoo upayoginchabadataayi, ikkada avi saadhaaranamgaa indicative loe tolaginchabadataayi, endukante modati, rendava mariyu moodava vyakti ekavachana roopaalalo avi okate, kabatti vyakti kriya nundi parokshamgaa suchinchabadadu. kramarahita kriyalu modati vyakti ekavachana roopaanni anusaristaayi, udaaharanaku "andare" yokka prastuta samyugma roopaalu, idhi "vadaa" modalaina vatiki velutundi. (modati vyakti ekavachana roopam "vado").
prastuta subjanctive anedi subjanctivenu teesukune classlalo aneka paristhitulalo upayoginchabadutundi.
paina perkonna udaaharanalalo vale prastuta upasheershika ekkuvagaa adheena upavakyalalo upayoginchabadutundi. ayithe, minahaayimpulalo anubandham (moodava vyaktini upayoginchadam) mariyu korika yokka saadhaarana prakatanalanu upayoginchadam tappanisari.
asampoornamaina upasaamakamu
italian asampoornamaina samyugmamu roopaanni pooli untundi (conny maatalo kante chaalaa ekkuvagaa upayoginchabadutundi) french asampoornamaina samyugmamu, mariyu roopaalu ekkuvagaa kramabaddhamgaa untaayi, "esser, dier" mariyu "starrey" (ivi "phosi, desi" mariyu "stesi" modalaina vatiki velataayi) anae kriyalatho paatu.). ayithe, frenchlo kakunda, idhi tarachugaa prastuta subjanctive thoo bharti cheyabadutundi, asampoorna subjanctive chaalaa saadhaaranam. dier" ("dieser" kuu chinnadi) vanti anubandha anantamaina kriyalu asampoorna upaamgamlo ("diasesi" modalainavi ivvadaaniki) podavaina roopaaniki tirigi vastaayi.udaaharanaku).
asampoornamaina upaangamu anedi kriya yokka bhaavaaniki asampoornamainavi avasaramayye upaangamuni teesukune adheena upavakyalalo upayoginchabadutundi.
asampoornamaina upaangamu "iff" upavakyalalo upayoginchabadutundi, ikkada aanglam mariyu german bhaashalalo vale pradhana upavaakyam sharatulatho kuudina kaalamlo untundi.
paripuurnamaina mariyu pluperfect subjunctives
sahayaka ("ever" ledhaa "esser") kriya varusaga prastuta mariyu asampoornamaina anubandhaanni teesukuntundi tappa, paripuurna mariyu pluperfect upa-samyogaalu suuchika paripuurna mariyu pluperfect laaga erpadataayi.
avi subjanctive avasaramayye adheena upavakyalalo upayoginchabadataayi, ikkada kriya yokka bhaavaaniki paripuurna ledhaa pluperfect yokka upayogam avasaram.
spanish.
subjanctive mood ("subjantivo") anedi spanish bhaashalo oka praathamika amsam. daani matlade roopam itara latin bhashala kante chaalaa pedda sthaayilo upayogistundi mariyu idhi yea sandarbhamloonuu itara manasika sthithiki samanamga undadu. antekakunda, podavaina sanklishta vaakyalanu daadaapu puurtigaa upaamgamlo kanugonadam saadhaaranam.
vyaktigata vyakteekaranalu mariyu bhavodvegam, abhiprayam, korika ledhaa drukkonam yokka vyakteekaranalato kalipi upaangam upayoginchabadutundi. murry mukhyamgaa, idhi chaalaa oohaatmaka paristhitulaku vartistundi, bahusha ledhaa asambhavam, kaavalasina ledhaa kaadu. saadhaaranamgaa, oka vaastavam yokka dhruvikarana (ledhaa prakatana) matrame daani upayogam yokka avakaasaanni tolagistundi. french maadirigaa kakunda, idhi gatha sharatulanu vyaktam chese padabandhaalalo kooda upayoginchabadutundi. imperitive yokka negative prastuta subjanctive thoo adhe roopaanni panchukuntundi.
upaamgaaniki saadhaarana parichayaalalo eee krindivi untayih
ayinappatikee, itara kaalaalanu bharti cheyadaaniki upaangam ontarigaa nilabadagaladu.
udaaharanaku, "neenu korukuntunnanu" anie sharatulatho kuudina "kweria" ledhaa gatha upavibhaagamlo "kwisera" anie cheppavacchu, "kwisera" (gatha upavibhaagam) "kyuu viniyara" (gatha upavibhaagam), i.ii. "meeru raavaalani neenu korukuntunnanu". "
upanga roopamtho soukaryam mariyu rendava bhasha matladevaru daani vadakanni nivaarinchadaaniki entha varaku prayatnistaaro adhi bhaashalo naipunhyam yokka sthaayiki suuchika kaavacchu. sthaanikamgaa matladevarilo sanklishtamaina sanklishta upayogam rojuvaaree prasangam yokka sthiramaina namuunaa, conny saapekshamgaa naipunhyam kaligina spanish abhyaasakula (udhaa.zii. meeru guruvaram ravalanukunnanuhu "mea habria gustado" (sharatulatho paripuurnamainadi) "kyuu vinieras" (gatha upasheershika) "ell jueves."
spanish upasambandham yokka suukshmabaedhaaniki oka udaaharana, kaalam (gatam, vartamaanam ledhaa bhavishyattu) "adhi elaa undagalado" (aksharala "adhi elaa undagaladu") anae vyakteekarananu savarinche vidhanam.
ardhamlo saaruupya maarpulatoe "sea como sea" ledhaa "elaa unnaa" anae vyakteekaranaku adhe maarpulu cheyavachu.
spaanishlo rendu gatha upanga roopaalu unnaayi. avi daadaapu okela untaayi, "modati roopam" loe "-r-" unna chota tappa, "rendava roopam" loe "-se-" untundi. rendu roopaalu saadhaaranamgaa parasparam maarchukogalavu, ayithe itara spanish matlade praantaala kante speyinlo "-seey-" roopam sarvasaadhaaranam kaavacchu. -r-" roopaalanu konni nirmaanaalalo sharatulatho kuudina vatiki pratyamnaayamgaa kooda upayoginchavacchu.
prastuta upasheershika
spaanishlo, prastuta upanga roopam ellappuduu sambandhita prastuta suuchika roopaaniki bhinnamgaa untundi. udaaharanaku, aanglamlo "vaaru matladedi" ledhaa french "quills parlent" suuchika ledhaa anubandhamgaa undavacchu, spanish "kyuu hablen" nissandehamgaa anubandhamgaa untundi. (sambandhita suuchika "kyuu hablan" avutundi.) anni kriyalaku, vaati amsamtho sambandham lekunda, adhe vartistundi.
eppudu upayoginchaalih
udaaharanalu
gatha (asampoorna) upasaamaka
parasparam maarchukogaligina gatha (asampoorna) anubandham "-sae" ledhaa "-raa" loe mugustundi. rendu roopaalu preterite yokka moodava vyakti bahuvachanam ("ellos, ellas, ustedes") nundi udbhavinchaayi. udaaharanaku, "estar" anae kriya, puurvapu moodava vyakti bahuvachanamlo samyogam cheyabadinappudu, "estuvirone" avutundi. appudu, "-rone" mugimpunu vadili, "-sae" ledhaa "-raa" nuu jodinchandi. aaa vidhamgaa, idhi "estvies" ledhaa "estuvera" avutundi. gatha upasheershikanu "iff" thoo upayoginchavacchu.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru. appudu "sharatulatho kuudina manasika sthithitho kuudina prakatanalu. udaaharanalu
bhavishyat anubandham
spaanishlo, bhavishyat anubandha kaalam ippudu arudugaa undhi, conny ippatikee spanish yokka konni mandalikalalo mariyu adhikaarika prasangamlo upayoginchabadutundi. idhi saadhaaranamgaa saahityam, puraatana padabandhaalu mariyu vyakteekaranalu mariyu chattaparamaina patraala kosam ketayinchabadutundi. (eee roopam asampoornamaina samyugmamu yokka "-r" roopaanni pooli untundi, conny "-r" kuu badulugaa "-r", "-ras" kuu badulugaa "-r" mariyu modalaina vatiki badulugaa "-r" thoo mugustundi.) udaaharanalu
bhavishyat kaalamlo samyugmatanu vyakteekarinchae padabandhaalu saadhaaranamgaa prastuta samyugmaanni upayogistaayi. udaaharanakuh "repu varsham padutundani neenu aasistunnaanu" anedi kevalam "espero kyuu llueva manana" (ikkada "llueva" anedi "lolover", "varsham" yokka moodava vyakti ekavachana prastuta upasheershika).
pluperfect (gatha paripuurna) subjanctive
spaanishlo, gatamlo konasagutunna korikanu vivarinchadaaniki pluperfect subjunctive tens upayoginchabadutundi. "" "eee cinema gurinchi aalochinchandi"."(meeru gatha sukravaaram naatho kalisi sinimaalaku vellaalani neenu korukuntunnanu). eee kaalanni yerparachadaaniki, modata "haber" yokka upanga roopam samyogam cheyabadutundi (paie udaaharanalo, "haber" "habieras" avutundi). appudu pradhana kriya yokka bhagaswamyamu (eee sandarbhamlo jodinchabadutundi, "irr" anedi "ido" avutundi).
-sae" roopam kante "-rae" roopam asampoornamaina "-raa" roopaaniki marinta daggari sambandham kaligi unnatlu kanipinchinappatikii, adhi alaa kaadu. asampoornamaina samyugmamu yokka "-sae" roopam vulgar latin yokka pluperfect samyugmamu nundi mariyu pluperfect suuchika nundi "-raa" nundi udbhavinchindi, idhi munupati pluperfect samyugma mugimpunu adhigaminchadaaniki kalipistundi. -r" roopam marinta sanklishtamgaa untundi, paripuurnamaina samyugma mariyu bhavishyat paripuurna suuchika kalayika nundi udbhavistundi (maatlaadataaniki)-idhi, ververu manobhavalalo unnappatikee, rendava mariyu moodava vyaktulalo okela untundi-paripuurnatanu kolpoye mundu bhavishyat samyugmataku maaradam, adhe paripuurna swabhaavam, idhi roopaalu modata panchukunna ekaika vishayam. kabatti "-r" mariyu "-se" roopaalaku ellappuduu gatam (nirdishtamgaa, paripuurnamgaa undataaniki) ardham untundi, conny "-se" roopam matrame ellappuduu "-r" roopam aavirbhavinchinappati nundi kaligi unna samyugma manasika sthithiki chendinadi.
portugees.
porchugeesulo, spaanishlo vale, subjunctive ("subgentivo" ledhaa "congentivo") sanklishtamainadi, saadhaaranamgaa anumaanaaspada, oohaatmaka, oohaatmaka, demand ledhaa avasaramaina paristhitula gurinchi maatlaadataaniki upayoginchabadutundi. idhi bhaavodvegaanni, abhiprayanni, asammatini, tiraskarananu ledhaa korikanu kooda vyaktam cheyavachu. dheeni viluva adhikaarika aanglamlo unna viluvanu pooli untundih
prastuta upasheershika
asampoorna (gatha) upasheershika
spaanishlo vale, asampoorna upaangamu sthaanika bhaashalo upayoginchabadutundi, mariyu itara vishayaalatoepaatu, adheena nibandhana yokka kaalam pradhana nibandhana yokka kaalamtho ekibhavinchela cheyadaaniki idhi upayoginchabadutundih
pradhana nibandhana sharatulatho unnappudu asampoorna upaangam kooda upayoginchabadutundih
portugeesu yokka sharatulatho kuudina bhavanni pratyeka manasika sthithigaa kakunda, soochinche manasika sthithi yokka "gatamlooni bhavishyattu" gaa bhaavinche rachayitalu unnaaru; vaaru dheenini "futuro doow preterito" ("gatam yokka bhavishyattu") anie pilustaaru, mukhyamgaa brazillo.
bhavishyat anubandham
portugees itara ibero-romans bhashala nundi bhinnamgaa, spaanishlo arudugaa upayoginche mariyu itara paschima iberic bhaashalalo kolpoyina madhyayuga bhavishyat anubandham ("futuro doow subgentivo") nuu nilupukundi. idhi bhavishyattulo neraverchaalsina ledhaa oka sanghatana jaragadaniki mundu neraverchabadutundani bhaavinche oka sharatuni vyaktam chestundi. spanish mariyu aanglam eee rakamaina nibandhanalo prastuta kaalanni upayogistaayi.
udaaharanaku, sharatulatho kuudina pradhana nibandhana sharatulatho kuudina vakyalalo, portugees, spanish mariyu inglish loe adheena nibandhanalo bhootakaalaanni upayogistaayi. edemaina, pradhana nibandhana bhavishyattulo unte, portugees bhavishyat upavibhaagaanni upayogistundi, ikkada inglish mariyu spanish prastuta suuchikanu upayogistaayi. (aanglam, kathinamaina adhikaarika shaililo upayoginchinappudu, eee paristhitiloo prastuta upasheershikanu teesukuntundi, udaaharanakuh "appudu neenu undaali.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru.") eee krindi rendu vaakyaalaku viruddhamgaa untundi.
modati paristhiti viruddhamainadi; speaker raaju kaadani vineevaariki telusu. ayithe, rendava prakatana bhavishyattu gurinchi vaagdaanaanni vyaktam chestundi; speaker inca adhyakshudiga ennukoobadavacchu.
vaerae udaaharana kosam, thana kodukutho matlade tandri ilaa cheppavachhuh
bhavishyat anubandham saadhaarana kriyalalo vyaktigata anantamaina roopamlo untundi, conny avi tarachugaa upayoginche konni kramarahita kriyalalo bhinnamgaa untaayi. ayithe, rendu kaalaala madhya saadhyamayye thedaalu kaandam maarpula valla matrame. avi ellappuduu oke mugimpunu kaligi untaayi.
vaakyaala ardham sambhashana mariyu suuchikanu marchadam dwara maaravachuhu
krinda, modati namuunaa (-ar) yokka saadhaarana kriyala kosam samyugma mariyu sharatulatho kuudina samyogaanni pradarsinche pattika undhi, dheeniki "falar" (maatlaadataaniki) udaaharana.
samyukta upasaamakaalu
embeded perfective tenses e thoo kuudina subsidient clauses vanti marinta sanklishtamaina vakyalalo subjunctive looni compound kriyalu avasaram.zii., bhavishyattulo paripuurnamaina sthithi. sammelana upa-samyogaalanu roopondinchadaaniki sahayaka kriyalu ("terr" ledhaa "haver") sambandhita upa-samyoga kaalaaniki samyogam chendaali, ayithe pradhana kriyalu vaati bhaagaalanu teesukoovaali.
romanian.
romanian anedi balcon spratchbundlo bhaagam mariyu itara srungaara bhashala kante subjanctive ("conjunctive") nuu marinta vistrutamgaa upayogistundi. samyugma roopaalalo ellappuduu "saa" anae samyogam untundi, idhi eee shabda roopaalalo padanirmaana nirmaana moolakam paatranu poeshistumdi. upaamgaaniki rendu kaalalu unnaih bhootakaalamu mariyu vartamaana kaalamu. idhi saadhaaranamgaa adheena upavakyalalo upayoginchabadutundi.
prastuta upasheershika
prastuta upaangam saadhaaranamgaa 1va mariyu 2va vyakti ekavachanam mariyu bahuvachanamlo prastuta suuchikaku mundu "sâ" samyogaanni jodinchadam dwara nirminchabadutundi (suuchikah "am" naaku undhi; samyogamh "sâam" (adhi) naaku undhi; suuchikah "vii" meeru vastaaru; samyogah "sâvii" (t/topi) meeru vastaaru). 3va vyaktilo chaalaa kriyalu oka nirdishta samyoga roopaanni kaligi untaayi, idhi mugimpulo ledhaa kaandam lone suuchika nundi bhinnamgaa untundi; ayithe 3va vyaktilo prastuta samyogam yokka ekavachanam mariyu bahuvachanam madhya etuvanti vyatyaasam ledhu (suuchikah "antey" ataniki undhi; samyogah "antey" ataniki undhi; suuchikah "avu" vaariki undhi; samyogah "saiba" (antey) vaariki undhi; suuchikah "wine" athanu vastaadu; samyogah "seina" (antey) athanu vastaadu; suuchikah "winn" vaaru vastaaru; samyogah "seina" (antey) vaaru vastaaru).
rendu upanga kalalalo prastuta kaalam chaalaa vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadutundi mariyu korika, praadhaanyata, anumati, avakaasam, abhyardhana, salaha modalaina vaatini vyaktam chese kriyala tarvaata tarachugaa upayoginchabadutundi.: "oka vriya", "oka dori", "oka praadhaanyata", "oka lassa", "anumatinchadaaniki," oka rugaa "adagadaniki," oka safatui "salaha ivvadaaniki," oka sugera "suuchimchadaaniki," sifaarsu cheyadaaniki "," oka trunadhaanyaalu "," demand cheyadaaniki, adagadaniki, "nishedhinchadaaniki", "oka permite" anumatinchadaaniki, anumati ivvadaaniki, "oka seey teme" bhayapadataniki modalainavi.
swatantramgaa upayoginchinappudu, anubandham anedi korika, bhayam, arder ledhaa abhyardhananu suuchistumdi, antey.ii. idhi modal mariyu atyavasara viluvalanu kaligi undhi. undaali" anae modal viluva kaligina prasnalalo prastuta upasheershika upayoginchabadutundih
prastuta upaangam tarachugaa atyavasaramgaa upayoginchabadutundi, pradhanamgaa rendava vyakti kakunda itara vyaktulaku. rendava vyaktitoe upayoginchinappudu, idhi atyavasaram kante marinta balamgaa untundi. modati-vyakti bahuvachanaaniki mundu "hye" anae interjection undavacchu, idhi nirmaanam yokka atyavasara ardhaanni teevrataram chestundih
nirdishta paristhitulalo greatingsga upayoginche konni sett padabandhaalalo subjanctive present upayoginchabadutundih
gatha upasheershika
subjanctive mood yokka gatha kaalam anni vyaktulaku oka roopaanni mariyu anni kriyala sankhyalanu kaligi untundi, idhi "saa phai" taruvaata kriya yokka gatha bhagaswamyanni kaligi untundi. gatha anubandham anedi anubandham ("eah trebui, eah vriya, eah putia, eah phai baine, eah phai nesesar" modalainavi) avasaramayye kriyala yokka gatha optative-sharatula tarvaata upayoginchabadutundi.), avasaranni vyaktam chese nirmaanaalalo, gatamlo korikah
swatantramgaa upayoginchinappudu, gatha upasheershika gatamlo puurti chesina charyaku sambandhinchina paschaattaapaanni suuchistumdi, idhi matlade samayamlo avaanchaneeyamgaa pariganinchabadutundih
seltic bhashalu.
velsh.
velshlo, rendu rakaala upaamgaalu unnaih prastuta mariyu asampoorna. prastuta upaangam konni sthira padabandhaalalo tappa matlade velshlo eppuduu upayoginchabadadu mariyu chaalaa sandarbhaallo moodava vyakti ekavachanaaniki parimitam cheyabadindi. ayithe, idhi saahitya velshlo ekkuvagaa kanipinche avakaasam undhi, chaalaa vistrutamgaa paatha taraha registerlalo kanipistundi. moodava vyakti ekavachanam konni samyogaalu mariyu puurvapadaalu tarvaata sarigga upayoginchabadutundi, conny matlade velshlo prastuta upapadaardham tarachugaa anantamaina, prastuta kaalam, sharatulatho kuudina ledhaa bhavishyat kaalam dwara bharti cheyabadutundi (dheenini kontamandi vyaakaranavaettalu vartamaana-bhavishyattu anie pilustaaru).
asampoornamaina upaangamu, aanglamlo vale, "boad" ("undaali") anae kriyanu matrame prabhaavitam chestundi. idhi "pae" ("iff" yokka oka roopam) tarvaata upayoginchabadutundi mariyu idhi sharatulatho kuudina anubandham e thoo kalisi undaali.zii. "neenu oka streeni premistunnaanu, neenu oka vyaktini premistunnaanu."=" neenu dhanavanthudini ayithe, neenu prapanchavyaaptamgaa paryatinchaevaadini."
velsh looni anni itara kriyalaku, aanglamlo vale, asampoornamaina samyugmamu sharatulatho kuudina samyugmamu mariyu asampoornamaina suuchika vale adhe kaandamlanu teesukuntundi.
scottish galic.
scottish gaelikloo, subjanctive unikilo undhi, conny ippatikee suuchika nundi roopaalanu teesukuntundihi prastuta subjanctive bhavishyat suuchikanu teesukuntundi mariyu asampoorna subjanctive asampoorna suuchikanu teesukuntundi. upasheershika saadhaaranamgaa saametalu ledhaa satyavaadaalo 'mae' thoo praarambhamayye padabandhaalalo upayoginchabadutundi.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru.'
udaaharanaku,
ledhaa samyogamgaa upayoginchinappudu, prati itara bhasha maadirigaane, marinta demand ledhaa korikatho kuudina prakatanalo upasheershika upayoginchabadutundih
gelikloni samyugmam konnisaarlu "gunn" (ledhaa "gumm") kalayikanu kaligi untundi, "bii", "eff", "emm" ledhaa "pii" thoo praarambhamayye padaala mundu) 'dhatt' ledhaa 'mae' gaa anuvadinchavacchu.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru.'oka korikanu vyaktam chestunnappudu. pratikuulatalaku badulugaa "naach" upayoginchabadutundi.
scottish gaelikloo, asampoornamaina samyugmamu anedi "robe" nuu nischayaatmaka mariyu pratikuula roopaallo upayogistundi, endukante "bii"-"tuu" anae prasna yea bhaashaloonuu yea samyugma roopamlo ledhu, ayithe "robe" anedi "bii" yokka asampoorna soochikalo prasnaarthaka roopam nundi teesukobadindi.
gelikloni prati itara kriyaku, asampoornamaina samyugmaaniki adhe anusaristundi, ikkada kriya yokka prasnaarthaka ledhaa pratikuula roopam kriya yokka nischayaatmaka mariyu pratikuula roopam rendintikee upayoginchabadutundi mariyu velsh maadirigaa, asampoorna samyugma roopaalu "dvi" kakunda sharatulatho kuudina samyugma roopaala maadirigaane undavacchu.
udaaharanalu
sthaanikamgaa matladevaru paina perkonna udaaharanalalo rendavadaaniki eee krindi vaatini upayogistaaruh
airish.
airish bhaashalo (gailz), scottish gailik (daani sodari bhasha) loe vale, edainaa korukune aalochananu kaligi untundi mariyu konni prasiddha airish saametalu mariyu aasiirvaadaalaloo kanipistundi. idhi rojuvaaree prasamgaaniki (nirdishta padabandhaalalo tappa) paatha-kaalapu kaalamgaa pariganinchabadutundi, conny ippatikee tarachugaa mudranalo kanipistundi.
upaangam saadhaaranamgaa "vellandi" (idhi grahanam chestundi, mariyu achutho praarambhamayye kriyaku "n-" nuu jodistundi), inca kriya yokka upanga roopam, plus vishayam, inca korukunna vishayam nundi erpadutundi. udaaharanaku, "teh" (goo) yokka upanga roopam "tay":
ledhaa mallii, "tabair" (ivvandi) yokka upasheershika "tugaa":
ledhaa moodava udaaharananu teesukunte, konnisaarlu korika kooda oka saapam, dogal looni tory dveepam nundi ilaa untundih
saadhaaranamgaa kriya yokka kaandam teesukoni, visaalamaina ledhaa sannani, mariyu modati ledhaa rendava samyogam aadhaaramgaa tagina anubandha mugimpunu jodinchadam dwara anubandham erpadutundi. udaaharanaku, bogh yokka kaandanki "(taralinchadaaniki)" jodinchabadutundi-modati vyakti bogaalo daani anubandhamgaa ivvadam
modati samyogamh
rendava samyogamh
ii.zii. "vellandi, meeru"-devudu mimmalni aasiirvadimchugaaka.
subjanctive loe konni kriyalalo kontha akramatvam kooda undhi. airish bhaashalo bii "(undaali)" anae kriya atyanta kramarahitamaina kriya (chaalaa indo-european bhaashalalo vale):
dhanyavaadaalu" anae airish padabandham-goo raibh maith agath-"bii" yokka upapadaanni upayogistundi mariyu aksharala "mea vadda manchi undavacchu" anie ardham.
konni kriyalu paina samyogam chesinatlugaa upa samyogam yokka samyogaanni anusarinchavu. eee avakatavakalu ippatike ottidiki guraina acchulo mugise kriyalaku vartistaayi, anduvalla airish aksharakramam mariyu uchchaarana niyamaala kaaranamgaa, marokadaanni teesukolemu. udaaharanakuh
aanglamlo subjunctive upayoginchina chota, idhi airish bhaashalo upayoginchabadakapovachhu mariyu badulugaa maroka kaalanni upayoginchavacchu. udaaharanakuh
indo-aryan bhashalu.
hindhi-urdoo.
hindhi-urdoo (hinduusthaanii) loe rendu samyugma manobhaavaalu unnaayi, modatidi saadhaarana samyugma mariyu rendavadi, paripuurna samyugmam, idhi uparitalamgaa kriyala yokka paripuurna kaaraka roopaala maadirigaane untundi, conny ippatikee bhavishyat sanghatanalanu vyaktam chestundi, idhi eppuduu upavaakyaalu mariyu saapeksha sarvanaamaalato matrame upayoginchabadutundi. ardha vislaeshanhaloo, paripuurna kaaraka marker yokka eee upayogam paripuurnamgaa pariganinchabadadu, endukante idhi samyugma viniyogaaniki marinta daggari sambandham kaligi untundi. uparitala roopam matrame paripuurnatatoe samanamga untundi.
saadhaarana sanklishta manasika sthithini rendu kalalalo unchavacchu; vartamaanam mariyu bhavishyattu. contrafactual mood anie piluvabade maroka mood undhi, idhi hindusthaaneelo gatha anubandha mariyu gatha sharatulatho kuudina mood rendintiloonuu panichestundi. hindhi-urdoo, naan-aspectual roopaalu (ledhaa saralamaina amsam) kakunda moodu vyaakarana amsaalanu (alavaatu, paripuurnata mariyu pragatiseela) kaligi untundi mariyu prati amsaanni aidu vyaakarana manobhaavaalanu (suuchika, oohaatmaka, anubandha, viruddhamaina mariyu atyavasara) unchavacchu. subjanctive moodnu prastuta kaalamlo kevalam itara kriyalaku matrame honah (undaali) anae kriya kosam unchavacchu, bhavishyat samyugma roopam matrame undhi. honah (undaali) mariyu karna (cheyali) anae kriyala kosam hinduusthaanii yokka moodu vyaakarana amsaalaku anubandha manasika sthithi roopaalu diguva pattikalo chuupabaddaayi. 
slavic bhashalu.
slavic bhashalu proto-indo-european upasambandhaanni puurtigaa kolpoyayi, ayithe paatha optative tappanisari manasika sthithigaa punaruddharinchabadindi. sthiramaina paribhasha laenappatikee, konni aadhunika slavic bhashalu kotta upaangam lanty nirmaanaanni abhivruddhi chesaayi. udaaharanaku, kontamandi rachayitalu anubandha manasika sthithini optative ("korika") manasika sthithi nundi vaeru cheyaru,
itarulu chestaaru.
palish.
bye" kanaanni upayoginchi, ontarigaa ledhaa sanklishtamaina samyogaalato oke padaanni yerparustuu "gb", "eejbee", "agb", "abii", "coby" anae padaalatoe anubandha manasika sthithi erpadutundi. manasika sthithiki daani swantha padanirmaana shaastram ledhu, conny badulugaa "bye" kaligina kanaanni aadhaarapadina nibandhana mundu unchaali anae niyamam undhi. polchandi
konni swatantra upavaakyaalu vishayamlo dependent classloni subjanctive mood tappanisari, udaaharanaku <dell> "chcè, ze to zrobi" </dell> anie cheppadam tappu, conny subjanctive mood badulugaa upayoginchaalih "chcè, by to zrobi".
subjanctivenu sharatulatho tappugaa bhavinchalemu, ayinappatikee sharatulatho kuudina manasika sthithi vishayamlo clitic "bye" mariyu utpannaalu kadalavacchu. eee krindi udaaharanalalo chudandi
samyogam ledhu, idhi samyugmatanu suuchistumdi. mukhyamgaa, "jb" ledhu.
daggari sambandham unna optative mood thoo polchandi, udhaa.zii. subjanctive "nee nalegam, bye vaislal list" verses optative "obee vaislal list".
bulgarian.
adheena upavakyalalo modal bhedaalu kriya mugimpula dwara vyaktam cheyabadavu, conny paripuurakam empika dwara-"chey (chae)" ledhaa "daa (daa)" (rendintinee saapeksha sarvanamam "dhatt" thoo anuvadinchavacchu). kriyalu maaravu. saadhaarana vakyalalo, asampoorna amsam chaalaa tarachugaa suuchika kosam mariyu samyugmaaniki paripuurnamgaa upayoginchabadutundi, conny ardhamlo sambandhita maarputho edainaa kalayika saadhyamavutundi.
asampuurnamainadi marinta takshana nirmaanam kabatti, rendodi marinta pattubattadam. eee vidhamgaah
semitic bhashalu.
arabic.
praamaanika/saahitya arabic bhaashalo, daani asampoorna amsamlo ("all-mudari") kriya "manshub" roopam () anie piluvabade oka upanga roopam kaligi untundi. idhi daani roopaallo asampoorna suuchika nundi chaalaa varaku bhinnamgaa untundih suuchika "-u" kaligi unna chota, upa samyogam "-a" kaligi untundi; mariyu suuchika "-n" ledhaa "-ni" kaligi unna chota, upa samyogam aemee undadu. (rendava mariyu moodava vyakti bahuvachana streelingamlo mugise "-naa" bhinnamgaa untundih idhi lingam mariyu sankhyanu suuchistumdi, manasika sthithini kaadu, anduvalla idhi suuchika mariyu upa-samyogam rendintiloonuu untundi.)
aaa"-klaajulalo, arabic "an" taruvatah "urudu an aktuba" neenu vrayalanukuntunnanu."ayithe," "athanu velthe" "ledhaa" "atanni vellanivvandi" "vanti sharatulatho kuudina mariyu mundastu vakyalalo, asampoorna amsam yokka bhinnamaina manasika sthithi, jassive," "mazzoom" "upayoginchabadutundi".
aneka arabic mandalikalalo, suuchika mariyu upaamgaala madhya vyatyaasam undhi; ayithe, idhi pratyayam dwara kaadu, upasarga dwara untundi.
levantine arabic bhaashalo, suuchika "bii-" kaligi undagaa, upaangikalo adhi leduh
eejiptu arabic ("chattam" "unte") ledhaa ("" momecken "" mae ") thoo samyoga kriyalaku mundu oka saadhaarana nirmaanaanni upayogistundi; eee krindivi konni udaaharanalu
tunisian arabic tarachugaa apuurana suuchika kriyaku mundu vividha samyogaala dwara samyugmaanni srushtistundihi
maah
aksharalah vadda kaadu.meeru vraase saadhananni sabz cheyandi (_ r)
korika, aasha ledhaa abhipraayaaniki kenh
chaalaa aasinchina avakaasam kosam tave
anivaaryata kosam r conny, chaalaa sandarbhaallo, itara nibandhanalo "kenn" thoo paatu untundih
hebru.
charitrapurva kaalamlo chivari chinna acchulu hebrulo tolaginchabaddaayi, tadwara proto-semitic indicative, subjanctive mariyu juicive (shaastreeya arabic roopaala maadirigaane) madhya vyatyaasam baibil hebrulo kooda ekkuvagaa poyindi. konni moukhika vargaalaku eee vyatyaasam migili undhi, ikkada asalu tudi marphimlu padam-antargata akshara nirmaanam mariyu acchu podavulo shaashwata dviteeya maarpulanu prabhaavitam chesaayi. veetilo madhya ledhaa chivari achutho balaheenamaina muulaalu unnaayi, "yakum" athanu lestaadu/lestaadu "verses" acom "athanu lestaadu" mariyu "yihai" athanu "verses" yihi "," hiffle "kaandam yokka asampoorna roopaalu, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa modati vyaktiki asampoorna rupalu ('sitt' yokka asampoorna suuchika) verses. (asampoorna cohortative = 'sitt' yokka valetive). aadhunika hebrulo, "acom" mariyu "yehi" vanti roopaalu utpaadakata laenivigaa maaradamtho, paristhiti marinta munduku saagutundi; badulugaa, future tens (upasarga samyogam) anedi upasambandham kosam upayoginchabadutundi, tarachugaa "shee-" anae kanamtho, adhi ippatike lekapothe (french "kyuu" maadirigaane), nibandhananu pravesapettadaaniki jodinchabadutundi.
baibil anubandha roopaalu utpaadakata laeni padabandhaalalo "undaali" (-"lihiot", ledhaa) mariyu "jeevinchadam" (-"lihiot",) vanti moodava vyakti ekavachanam vanti roopaallo manugada saagistunnaayi, ekkuvagaa saahitya registerlo
acadian.
babylonian mariyu praamaanika babylonian akaadiyanlooni adheena upavaakyaalu hallulo mugise kriyalapai "-yuu" thoo gurtinchabaddaayi, mariyu swara mugimpulu ledhaa ventive mugimpulu tarvaata aemee laevu. semitic bhashala hallula nirmaanam mariyu acadian dhwani niyamaala kaaranamgaa,-yuu jodinchadam valla padam madhyalo chinna acchulu adrushyam kaavadaaniki prerepinchavacchu. assyrian acadian-yuu mariyu-nii rendintinee adheenata yokka gurtulugaa kaligi unna marinta sanklishtamaina vyavasthanu upayogistundi. paina perkonna vidhamgaa-u nii upayoginchaleni sandarbhaallo mugimpu-ni upayoginchabadindi. madhya mariyu neo assyrian kaalamlo-nii mugimpu anni adheena kriyalapai tappanisari ayyindi, ippatike-yuu unna vaatilo kooda, phalitamgaa-nii mariyu-unni adheenata yokka gurtulugaa marai.
euralic bhashalu.
hangerian.
hangeriyanlo eee manasika sthithini saadhaaranamgaa maryaadapuurvakamaina demandlu mariyu salahalanu vyaktam cheyadaaniki upayogistaaru. mugimpulu imperative, conjunctive mariyu subjanctive madhya okela untaayi; anduvalla dheenini tarachugaa conjunctive-imperative mood anie pilustaaru.
udaaharanalu
demand" anedi aanglamlo anipinchinanta moratugaa ekkada ledani gamaninchandi. idhi maryaadapuurvakamaina conny drudamaina abhyardhana, conny "meeru chestara" anie cheppinanta maryadapurvakamga kaadu.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru."anie paerkonnaaru.
daani mugimpulo lakshana aksharam "-zhe-", mariyu khachitamaina samyoga samyogamlo mugimpulu ekavachana swaadhiinamtoe chaalaa pooli untaayi, pradhana aksharam "-zhe-" thoo untaayi."
manasika sthithi yokka mugimpula yokka asaadhaarana lakshanam emitante, rendava vyakti ekavachanam (i.ii. "meeru"). saadhaarana kriyala kosam dheeni nirmaanam niravadhika mariyu khachitamaina madhya bhinnamgaa untundih niravadhikaaniki kevalam "-zhe" jodimpu avasaram, idhi chivari rendu sabdaalu tolaginchabadatam ("-zhe" mariyu "-zell" kaadu, udaaharanaku paina "menz", cf. "menzel"). khachitamaina roopam yokka chinna roopam kooda rendu aksharaalanu vadilivestundi, conny maroe rendu. idhi padipotundi, udaaharanakuh "-zaa-" loe "-zaad", kevalam "-dii" vadili, paina "jodinchu" loe chudavachu ("adjud" kuu badulugaa).
-t" loe mugise kriyalatho kuudina aneka minahaayimpula samuuhaalu unnaayi. eee aksharam, mariyu munupati aksharam, samyugma mugimpulu vartimpajesinappudu elaa maaraali anae niyamaalu chaalaa klishtamgaa untaayi, vyaasam hangerian kriyalu chudandi.
eppatilaage, "zhe"-prarambha mugimpu vartimpajesinappudu tudi sahasambandha hallu yokka gemination pradarsinchabadutundih
itarula demandlanu suchinchetappudu, upasheershika pradarsinchabadutundih
turkic bhashalu.
turkish.
videshee bhaashalalo subjanctive mode mariyu turkish bhaashalo modla madhya okariki okaru sambandham ledhu. itara bhashala anubandha vidhananni turkish bhaashalo "imperative mode (emir kipi)", "aavasyaka manasika sthithi (gereclilic kipi)", "optative mood (istech kipi)", "vaanchaneeya manasika sthithi (delake kipi)", "sharatulatho kuudina manasika sthithi (сарт Киπi)" thoo polchavachhu. paina perkonna 5 manobhavalalo, 3 manobhaavaalu (istech kipi, saart kipi, delake kipi) adanamgaa "subjanctive mode" gaa kooda anuvadinchabadataayi.
optative mood (istech kipi) kii udaaharanalu gideim (nannu vellanivvandi), gitsyn (atanni vellanivvandi), gidelim (veldaam), gitsinler (vaarini vellanivvandi). suuchimchina charyalu mariyu korikalu optative kriyatho vyakteekarinchabadataayi. optative kriyanu roopondinchadaaniki pratyayaalu-(y) ime,-(y) elemination mariyu itara roopaalu upayoginchabadataayi. turkish optative antey aanglamlo 'evarinainaa edainaa cheyanivvandi' anie ardham. optativenu roopondinchadamh 
sharatulatho kuudina mode (сart kipi) kii oka udaaharana emitante Çalıırsa kazanir (athanu panichesthe, athanu gelustaadu. (saadhaarana vartamaanam), athanu gelustaadu (saadhaarana bhavishyattu), Çalııtıyssa kazanar (athanu panichesthe, athanu gelavavacchu. (saadhaarana bahumati).
avasaramaina manasika sthithiki (gereclilic kipi) udaaharanalu benim zelmem gerek (neenu tappaka ravali/ravali), dunn toplanta katilman gerekirdi (meeru ninna samavesaniki haajarai undaali. (conny meeru cheyaledu).
imperative mode (emir kipi) kii oka udaaharana emitante siz jelin (mimmalni rammani), onler gelsinler (vaarini rammani).
vaanchaneeya manasika sthithi (dileek kipi) kii udaaharanalu aah! симdi burada olsaydı (oh! athanu ippudu ikkada unte/unte matrame); athanu ikkada unnaadani neenu korukuntunnanu.; keke arabam olsa daa otobuse binmessem (naaku kaaru undaalani neenu korukuntunnanu, kabatti neenu bassulo ekkaalsina avasaram ledhu.); keke arabam olsaidi daa otobuse binmesedim (naaku kaaru undaalani neenu korukuntunnanu, kabatti neenu bassulo ekkaalsina avasaram ledhu.); keke arabam olsa oo jaman otobuse binmem (naaku kaaru unte, neenu bassulo ekkanu.); keke arabam olsaidi oo jaman otobuse binmezdim (naaku kaaru undaalani neenu korukuntunnanu, appudu neenu bassulo ekkanu).

