tarka shaastram

1812 mariyu 1816 madhya modatisaarigaa prachurinchabadina sains off logic (sl;, doubludl), georg wilhelm friedrich hegel tarkam gurinchi thana drushtini vivarinchina rachana. hegel yokka tarkam "mandalikam" yokka vyavastha, i.ii., oka maandalika adhibhouthika shaastramh idhi aalochana mariyu undatam anedi oke mariyu churukaina aikyatanu yerparuchukune suutram yokka abhivruddhi. "tarka shaastram" saampradaaya aristatilian silojijamnu kooda kaligi untundih idhi oka verucheyabadina, adhikaarika saadhanamgaa kakunda "aalochana mariyu uniki yokka asalu aikyata" yokka dasagaa bhaavinchabadutundi.
emmanuel kaanttoo praarambhamai, thana sonta tatvasaastramlo mugimpu palike german aadarsavaadam yokka atyanta mukhyamaina vijayam, vaastavikata ("undatam") aalochana dwara mariyu daani dwara roopondinchabadutundane vaadana, balamaina ardhamlo, aalochanaku samanamga untundi. anduvalla antimamgaa aalochana mariyu uniki, vishayam mariyu vastuvu yokka nirmaanaalu okela untaayi. hegel kosam vaastavikata yokka antarleena nirmaanam chivariki hetubaddhamainadi kabatti, tarkam anedi kevalam tarkam ledhaa vaadana gurinchi kaadu, vaastavikata yokka anni amsaalaku mariyu daani yokka prati koonaaniki hetubaddhamaina, nirmaanaatmaka kendram kooda. anduvalla hegel yokka "tarka shaastram" itara vishayaalatoe paatu uniki, shoonyata, maaradam, uniki, vaastavikata, saaraamsam, pratibimbam, bhavana mariyu paddhati yokka vislaeshanhalanu kaligi untundi.
hegel dheenini thana pradhana rachanalalo okatigaa pariganinchi, anduvalla daanini punarvimarsha dwara tajaga unchaaru.
"tarka saastraanni konnisaarlu" "takkuva tarkam" "nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki goppa tarkam anie pilustaaru, ghaneebhavinchina samskaranaku icchina maaruperu hegel thana" "encyclopedia off dhi taatvika saastraala" "looni" "tarkam" "vibhagamga samarpinchabadindi".
prachurana charitra.
hegel thana "phenominology off spirit" nuu puurti chesina taruvaata mariyu neuremberglo unnappudu oka madhyamika paatasaalalo panicheestuu, thana kaboye bhartanu premistunnappudu "sains off logic" nuu rachinchaadu. idhi rendu samputaalugaa prachurinchabadindi. modatidi, 'vastunishtha tarkam', rendu bhaagaalanu kaligi undhi (uniki mariyu saaraamsam yokka siddhaantaalu) mariyu prati bhaagam varusaga 1812 mariyu mariyu prachurinchabadindi. rendava valume, 'dhi subjective logic', logic' prachurinchabadindi, adhe samvatsaram athanu heidelberglo tatvasaastram yokka professor ayyadu. "sains off logic" under graduate vidyaarthulaku chaalaa adhunaatanamainadi kabatti hegel hegel prachurinchabadina tarkam yokka encyclopedic versionnu raasaaru.
raasaaru, eee pustakam stock ayipoyindi. abhyardhinchina vidhamgaa punarmudranaku badulugaa, hegel konni savaranalanu chepattadu. 1831 natiki, hegel 'siddhaantam' yokka chaalaa savarinchina mariyu vistarinchina samskarananu puurti chesaadu, conny migilina pustakaanni savarinchadaaniki samayam ledhu. rendava sanchikaku mundumaata 1831 november 7naa, ayana maranaaniki mundu, 1831 november 14naa. eee sanchika sanchika, mariyu mallee maranaanantara rachanalalo 1834-5 loe kanipinchindi. sains off logic" yokka rendava edition matrame aanglamloki anuvadinchabadindi.
parichayam.
tarkam gurinchi hegel yokka saadhaarana bhavana.
hegel prakaram, tarkam anedi saadhaaranamgaa aalochanaa shaastram teesukunna roopam. idhi ippativaraku aacharanalo unnanduna, eee shaastram unnata drukkonam nundi "sampoorna mariyu samuulamaina samskarananu" korutundani ayana bhaavinchaaru."mundumaata chivarilo ayana" "tarkam antey devuni aalochana" "anie raasaaru". tarka shaastram" thoo ayana perkonna lakshyam emitante, anni itara puurvapu tarka vyavasthala dwara nadustunna oka saadhaarana lopam anie ayana bhaavinchina daanini adhigaminchadam, avi avanni ghnaanam yokka "content" (vastuvula prapancham, vaati uniki kosam aalochana nundi puurtigaa swatantramgaa unnatlu bhaavistaaru) mariyu ghnaanam yokka "roopam" (eee vastuvula gurinchi aalochanalu, ivi tamanu taamu namyamainavi, anischitamainavi mariyu puurtigaa yea vidhamgaanainaa nijamani bhaavinchavalasina vastuvula prapanchaaniki anugunamgaa untaayi) madhya puurti vibajananu oohinchaayi. tarka saastramlo kanugonabadina eee aparimita antaram, athani drushtilo, rojuvaaree, asaadhaaranamaina, "oka" taatvika chaitanyam nundi teesukuvelladam.
spruhalo eee vyatiraekatanu arpe pani hegel thana pustakam phanomenology dess geistes (1807) loe sampoorna ghnaanam yokka tudi saadhanatho ippatike saadhinchinatlu nammadu "sampoorna ghnaanam anedi prati chaitanyam yokka" satyam "endukante... vastuvu" nuu "thana khachitatvam" nundi vaeru cheyadam puurtigaa tolaginchabadutundani sampuurnamgaa telusukovadam matrameh satyam ippudu khachitatvam mariyu khachitatvamto samanamga undhi."okasari dvandvatvam nundi vimukti pondina taruvaata, aalochanaa saastraaniki ikapai oka vastuvu ledhaa daani velupala unna oka vishayam daani satyaaniki oka sparsasilagaa panicheyaalsina avasaram ledhu, conny daani swantha sweeya-madhyavartitva vivarana mariyu abhivruddhi roopaanni teesukuntundi, idhi chivariki daanilo saadhyamayye prati hetubaddhamaina aalochana vidhananni kaligi untundi. "anduvalla eee vishayam prakruti srushti mariyu parimita manassu kante mundu thana saasvatamaina saaraamsamlo unnanduna devuni vivarana anie cheppavacchu" anie hegel chepparu."eee dwaipaakshika bhavanni suuchimchadaaniki upayoginchina german padam hegel" "begriff" "(saampradayakamgaa bhavana ledhaa bhavanaga anuvadinchabadindi)".
tarkam" yokka saadhaarana vibhajana.
bhavana yokka sweeya-vyakteekarana (bhavanaga kooda anuvadinchabadindi), swabhavikamga taarkika, maandalika purogati loe avasaramaina, sweeya-nirnayaatmaka dasala shrenini anusaristundi. daani course bhavana yokka lakshyam nundi aatmaasraya "vaipula" (ledhaa hegel vaatini pilichinatlugaa "teerpulu") varaku untundi. vastunishtha vaipu, daani "uniki", anedi "daanilo" ["oka sitch"] anae bhavana, idhi prakrutilo daani pratibimbam neeru ledhaa raathi vanti akarbana vastuvulalo kanipistundi. idhi modati pustakaaniki sambandhinchina amsamha uniki siddhaantam. moodava pustakamh bhavana yokka siddhaantam bhavana yokka aatmaasraya vaipuni "bhavana" gaa, ledhaa, bhavana "thana kosam" ["pharr sitch"] gaa vivaristundi; maanavulu, jantuvulu mariyu mokkalu prakrutilo teesukune konni akaaraalu. thana gurinchi puurtigaa telisinatlugaa bhavanaku maare prakriya rendava pustakamlo vivarinchabadindih saaraamsam yokka siddhaantam, idhi tarkam yokka vastunishtha vibhajanalo cherchabadindi. tarka shaastram" eee vidhamgaa vibhajinchabadindih
ayithe, eee vibhajana khachitamgaa sarala purogatini suuchimchadu. pustakam chivaralo hegel munupati taarkika abhivruddhini oke sampoorna aalochanagaa chudataadu. hegel eee tudi sampoorna aalochananu pustakam praarambhamlo parichayam chesina saralamaina bhaavanatho anusandhaanistaadu. anduvalla "tarka shaastram" vaastavaaniki oka vruttam mariyu dheeniki prarambha sthaanam ledhaa mugimpu ledhu, conny samagrata undhi. ayithe, eee sampuurnata anedi tarkam, prakruti mariyu aatma anae moodu saastraala golusulo oka link, hegel thana encyclopedia off dhi taatvika saastraalalo (1817) abhivruddhi chesinatlugaa, mottamgaa teesukunnappudu, vruttaala vruttam kaligi untundi."
objective logic undatam yokka siddhaantam.
undatam (naanhyata) nii nirnayinchandi.
undatam.
eah. undatam
"undatam, pratyaekamgaa" "swachchamaina" "undatam," "swachchamaina ghnaanam" "yokka shaastreeya abhivruddhilo teesukunna modati adugu, idhi hegel dwara vivaramgaa vivarinchina vidhamgaa" "geist" "(aatma/manassu) yokka chaaritraka sweeya-vyakteekaranalo saadhinchina tudi sthithi". eee swachchamaina ghnaanam kevalam "aaa vidhamgaa telusukovadam", mariyu daani modati aalochana utpatti "aaa vidhamgaa undatam", antey.ii., anninti nundi swachchamaina sangrahanam (ayinappatikee, mukhyamgaa, anninti nundi "bhinnamgaa" ledhaa "pakkane" kaadu), "daanilo vaividhyam ledhu ledhaa bayatiki etuvanti suuchana ledhu. ... idhi swachchamaina anischiti mariyu shoonyata."
bii. aemee ledhu
"aemee ledhu, pratyaekamgaa" "swachchamainadi" aemee ledhu, kevalam daanitoe samaanatvam, puurti shoonyata, anni sankalpam mariyu santrupti lekapovadam."anduvalla idhi unikitho samanamga untundi, idhi daaniki chaalaa vyatiraekamainadigaa" "bhaavinchabadutundi". " anduvalla eee vyatyaasam aalochana dwara paerkonnatlugaa ardhavantamainadi.
sii. maarutundi
swachchamaina jeevi mariyu swachchamainadi edhee okate kaadu, inca okadaanikokati puurtigaa bhinnamgaa untaayi. eee vairudhyam avi okadaanikokati takshaname adrushyam kavadam dwara parishkarinchabadutundi. uniki ellappuduu ippatike aemee kaadu, mariyu aemee ellappuduu ippatike ledhu; undatam mariyu aemee bhavana paramgaa okela untaayi, conny adhe samayamlo namamatramga vaeru cheyabadataayi ("untersheeden"). munupati sthaanaala yokka eee adrushyam bhavana yokka antargata kadalika ("derr bigiff"). unikiki sambandhinchi sambhaavita ("begriflich") kadalikanu "maaradam" anie pilustaaru, mariyu paraspara "raboyedi" ("emsteehen") mariyu "aagipovadam" ("anchu") roopaanni teesukuntundi.
hegel cont yokka "vanda dollarla" [swachchamaina kaaranam yokka vimarsha (1787)] udaaharananu sweekarinchi, uniki yokka aikyata mariyu aemee kakapovadam anedi vaati sampoorna swachchatanu saaramsaalugaa teesukunnappudu matrame vartistundani nokki chepparu. $100 "undhi" ledhaa "ledhu" ayithe idhi okari adrushtam patla udaaseenataku sambandhinchina vishayam kaadu, conny idhi evari adrushtam kaavacchu ledhaa kakapovachhu, appatike "undhi", antey anie oohinchinatlayithe matrame idhi ardhavantamgaa untundi.ii.$100 undatam ledhaa kakapovadam anedi marokaridi anie suuchimchabadaali. appudu, nirvachanam prakaram baahyamgaa etuvanti suuchana laeni idhi swachchamaina jeevi kaadu. heraclitus anedi aavirbhavam vishayamlo aalochinchina modati tatvavettagaa perkonabadindi.
undaalane nirnayinchukuntaaru.
eah. alaa undela nirnayinchukondi.
upasheershika" dwara "nirnayaatmaka uniki" ("dasin") mariyu (eah) madhya parivartana saadhinchabadutundi. eee padam, german padam "oufben" yokka saampradaaya aangla anuvaadam, antey samrakshinchadam, nirvahinchadam, conny apadam, antam cheyadam anie kooda ardham. idhi "tatvasaastramlo atyanta mukhyamaina bhaavanalalo okati" anie hegel paerkonnaadu."undatam mariyu aemee puurtigaa vyatiraekam kaadu, dheeni antargata aikyata moodava padam dwara vyakteekarinchabadaali ledhaa" "madhyavartitvam" "cheyali kavadam". okasari madhyavartitvam dwara saadhinchina tarvaata, vaari aikyata "takshaname" avutundi. vaari vyatiraekata, ippatikee undagaane, "antam cheyabadindi."takshanam anae kottagaa pondina drukkonam nundi, undatam anedi nirnayaatmakamainadigaa maarutundi, dheenilo undatam mariyu aemee ikapai vivikta padaalu kaavu, conny adhi tanalo taanu" "samrakshinchabadina" "kshanaalatoo tappanisarigaa mudipadi untundi". appudu, upasheershika anedi oka taarkika prakriyaku mugimpu, ayithe adhe samayamlo idhi kotta konam nundi mallee daani prarambham.
kabatti, "nirnayaatmaka uniki, uniki mariyu aemee laeni kshanaalu (bii) naanhyata yokka amsaalugaa kotta lakshanaalanu teesukuntaayi". praamukhyata ivvabadutundi, mariyu naanyatagaa, "vaastavikata"; aemee, ledhaa "asamarthatha", jeevi yokka nepathyamlo daachabadadu, adhi itarulaku bhinnamgaa oka nirdishta lakshanamgaa parimitam cheyadaaniki matrame upayogapadutundi, mariyu alaa cheyadam, "saadhaaranamgaa tiraskarana", antey.ii., lopam roopamlo naanhyata. naanhyata, appudu, oka nirnayaatmaka jeevi "antey" mariyu "kaadu", antey rendintinee kaligi untundi., idhi modati sthaanamlo nirnayinchelaa chestundi. ayithe, naanhyathalo, vaastavikata mariyu tiraskarana ippatikee okadaanikokati bhinnamgaa unnaayi, ippatikee "madhyavartitvam" cheyabadutunnayi, undatam mariyu aemee kakapovadam vantivi. vaari "aikyata" loe teesukunna, antey, vaari takshanamlo, mallii, upasheershikagaa, avi ippudu (sii) "edho" yokka kshanaalu matrame.
devuni uniki yokka antological "rujuvu" loe unna munupati adhibhouthika bhavana nundi vaastavikata yokka thana taarkikamgaa utpannamaina bhavananu hegel viruddhamgaa paerkonnaadu, mukhyamgaa daani yokka leibniz suutreekarana. eee siddhaantamlo, devudu anni vaastavaalaku mottam anie bhaavinchaaru. eee vaastavaalanu "paripuurnatalu" gaa pariganistaaru, anduvalla vaati sampuurnata oohinchadagina atyanta paripuurnamaina gv bhagavantudini kaligi untundi. ayithe, oohaatmaka tarkam, vaastavikata vidadeeyaraani vidhamgaa daani swantha tiraskaranato mudipadi undani choopistundi, kabatti eee vaastavaalalo edainaa goppa mottam khachitamgaa saanukuulamainadaaniki daariteeyadu, udhaa.zii., bhagavanthuda, conny anivaryamgaa, eee vaastavaalannintinii samaana sthaayilo tiraskaristune untaadu. kevalam okadaanikokati vaastavaalanu jodinchadam, yea vidhamgaanuu vaari suutraanni maarchadu, anduvalla anni vaastavaala mottam vaatilo prati okkati ippatike unna daanikante ekkuva ledhaa takkuva kaaduh oka vaastavikata mariyu daani tiraskarana.
niraakarana" yokka "tarka shaastram" loe edainaa modati udaaharana. modati tiraskarana, saadhaaranamgaa tiraskarana, kevalam oka nirnayaatmaka jeevi "kaadu". hegel dheenini "nairoopya tiraskarana" anie pilustaadu. eee tiraskarananu tiraskarinchinappudu, dheenini "sampoorna tiraskarana" anie pilustaaru, nirnayaatmaka jeevi antey emiti, adhi ikapai daani swantha nirnayam kosam "kaadu" anae daanipai aadharapadi undadu, conny daani swantha hakkulo vaastavamaina nirdishta vishayam avtundi oka "swayam-uniki". daani tiraskarana, adhi kaadu, ippudu daani nundi "kattirinchabadindi" mariyu maroka vishayam avutundi, idhi modati drukkonam nundi, saadhaaranamgaa "marokati" avutundi. chivaraku, uniki mariyu aemee madhya madhyavartitvam cheyabadinatle, "maarpu" ippudu edho mariyu itara madhyavarti.
bii. parimiti.
ippudu edho okati kevalam viviktamainadi matrame kaadu, marokadaanito saanukuula mariyu pratikuula sambandham rendintiloonuu undhi. ayithe, eee sambandham appudu "isolated" gaa pratibimbistumdi.ii.," tanalo taanu ", mariyu daaniki marinni nirnayaalanu istundi. "okadaaniki" "vyatiraekata" "loe unna" "edainaa" "antey daani (bii)" "sankalpam" "; marokadaaniki" "sambandhamlo" "unnadi daani rajyangam".
udaaharanaku, oka maanavuni sankalpam anedi aalochinche kaaranam, endukante aame thana marokariki "vyatiraekata" loe untundih prakruti. ayithe, maanavulu daani gurinchi hetubaddhamgaa aalochinchadam kakunda aneka itara margallo prakrutilo chikkukunnaru, mariyu "eee bahya prabhaavaaniki maanavulu elaa spandistaaru" anedi kooda avi emito manaku chebutundi. idhi vaari rajyangam, vaari unikilo unna bhaagam, daani itarulatoe "sambandhamlo" maarpuku lonavutundi.
edho okati tanantata taanugaa undatam manesi, marokati ayye point emitante adhi edho oka parimiti. eee parimitini daani maroka parimiti kooda panchukuntundi, idhi eee parimitiki chaalaa dhooramlo unnanta varaku matrame vaerae vishayam. anduvalla vaati saadhaarana parimitula dwarane konni vishayalu mariyu itarulu okadaanitoe okati madhyavartitvam vahistaaru mariyu okadaanikokati antargata lakshanaalanu parasparam nirvachistaaru.
parimiti konam nundi, edainaa "anedi" oka nirdishta vishayam matrame, endukante adhi "kaadu" veredi. dheeni ardham, edainaa okadaani yokka sweeya-nirnayam (nischayaatmaka jeevi nundi vaarasatvamgaa pondinadi) saapekshamgaa matrame untundi, adhi elaa undaalane daanipai puurtigaa aadharapadi untundi, mariyu puurtigaa daani swantha parimitiki viruddhamgaa unna daanipai aadharapadi untundi. anduvalla edainaa taatkaalikamainadi, daanilo daani swantha mugimpu untundi mariyu adhe vidhamgaa (sii) "parimitamainadi", i.ii., chivariki aagipotundi. parimita vishayaala kosam, "vaari puttina ganta vaari marana ganta."eee samayamlo parimiti edho okadaaniki mariyu itaradaaniki madhya daani madhyavartitva paatranu pooshinchadam maanestundi, antey.ii., "tiraskarana", mariyu tirigi sweeya-gurtimpuloki teesukuvelataaru-sweeya-uniki-edho okadaani yokka "parimiti" gaa maaradaaniki, aaa point daati edho aagipotundi. ayithe, dheeni yokka maroe vaipu emitante, parimiti kooda daanitoe paatu daani pratikuulatanu tirigi denikosam teesukuvelutundi, idhi (parimitini tiraskarinchadam yokka phalitam) marokati ayinappatikee ippudu edho okadaanilo "inn" gaa unchabadindi, endukante adhi chaalaa swantha nirnayam. dheeni ardham emitante, daani swantha parimiti unnappatikee, modati sthaanamlo deeninainaa nirvachinchina naanhyata marokadaaniki vyatiraekamgaa undadu, antey idhi ikapai khachitamgaa "eee lakshanam kaadu conny ippudu" eee lakshanam ayi undaali. parimiti mariyu tappaka anedi parimitiki janta, sweeya-viruddhamaina kshanaalu.
sii. anantam.
parimitiloo tananu taanu anubhavinchina tiraskarana, daanini parimitaparichina tiraskarana, mallii tiraskaranaku guravutundi, phalitamgaa (eah) "saadhaaranamgaa anantam" yokka nischayaatmaka nirnayam vastundi, idhi ippudu tananu taanu vibhinnamgaa kakunda, parimitiki nijamaina swabhaavamgaa velladistundi. "anantam paerita, hrudayam mariyu manassu prakaasistaayi, endukante anantamlo aatma kevalam nairuupyamgaa thana mundu undadu, conny daani swantha aatmaku, aalochana yokka kaanti, daani vishwavyaaptata, daani swechchaku paiki lestundi."
ayithe, anantam yokka eee dhruvikarana, daanitoe paatu maroka, parimititoe pratikuula sambandhaanni kaligi untundi. eee kaaranamgaa, adhi tanaku taanugaa oka pratyaekamaina parimitini kaligi unna deeninainaa nirnayinchukuntune untundi. eee "inn"-finite, appudu, swachchamaina anantam kaadu, conny kevalam anantam kaadu. hegel dheenini "nakilee anantam" anie pilustaadu mariyu anantam paina mariyu paina-parimita nundi vaeru cheyabadinappudu dheeni gurinchi matladataru. eee vibhajana anedi swayamgaa abaddham, endukante parimiti sahajamgaa parimiti dwara anantaanni srushtistundi mariyu undaali, ayithe anantam, eee vidhamgaa utpatti cheyabadutundi, daani maroka, parimititoe kattubadi untundi, anduvalla adhi parimitamainadi. ayinappatikee avi eee aalochanaa dasha dwara vaerugaa undataaniki "unchabadataayi", kabatti rendu padaalu okadaanikokati munduku venukaku khaalii dolanamlo saasvatamgaa chikkukupotayi. eee hegel (bii) "anantamaina purogati" anie pilustundi.
eee pratishtambhananu eppatilaage upasheershika dwara matrame adhigaminchavacchu. parimita drukkonam nundi, anantam swechchagaa vidipodu, conny ellappuduu sarihaddulugaa undaali, anduvalla daani maroka, parimititoe parimitam cheyali. marinta taarkika abhivruddhi saadhyamayyeenduku, eee drukkonam kottadaaniki maaraali, ikkada anantam anedi ikapai kevalam parimitiki sambandhinchina utpannam kaadu, conny parimita, alaage saadhaaranamgaa anantam, (sii) "nijamaina anantam" yokka kshanaalu matrame. nijamaina anantam eee kshanaalaku madhyavartitvam yokka adhe sambandhaanni kaligi undhi, idhi unikiki mariyu dhenikee cheyabadadu mariyu maarpu edho mariyu itara vatiki chesindi.
hegel anantamaina purogatiki chihnamgaa rendu disalalo anantam varaku vistarinchi unna sarala rekhanu istundi. eee anantam, anni samayaallo, rekha yokka nirnayaatmaka uniki yokka "daati" untundi. nijamaina anantam sarigga "vruttam" dwara suuchimchabadutumdi, idhi "prarambham" mariyu "mugimpu" lekunda, moosiveyabadina mariyu puurtigaa unna, tananu taanu cherukunna rekha."
eee charya hegel tatvasaastraaniki chaalaa mukhyamainadi endukante, athani kosam, "[idhi] parimitamainadi kaadu, idhi vaastavikamainadi conny anantamainadi."nijamaina anantamaina vaastavikata vaastavaaniki nirnayaatmaka uniki yokka vaastavikata kante" "marinta vaastavikamainadi". " eee unnata, inca marinta khachitamaina, vaastavikata "aadarsam" ["daas ideal"]: "tatvasaastram yokka aadarsavaadam parimitiki nijamaina uniki ledani gurtinchadam tappa maremi undadu."
upasheershika cheyabadinatlugaa, ippudu parimita mariyu anantam madhya nijamaina anantam dwara nirvahinchina madhyavartitvam vaari "takshana" aikyataku daariteesindi. eee aikyatanu "thana kosam undatam" antaaru.
sontamgaa undatam.
eah. alaa undatam-thana kosam.
eee samayamlo manam munupati parinaamaalannii praarambhamlo munduku saagina saralamaina sthithiki tirigi vacchaamu. ayithe, eee uniki ippudu anantam yokka drukkonamlo undhi, dheeni nundi eee parinaamaalanu tanalo taanu kshanaluga chudavachu, kabatti idhi (eah) "thana kosam undatam". eee dasha nirnayinche varaku, daani swantha nirnayam kosam marokadaanipai aadhaarapade parimititoe bhaaram mopabadedi, alaage "saapekshamgaa" nischayaatmaka jeevi matrame. anantam yokka aadarsha drukkonam nundi, swayamgaa undatam eee bhaaram nundi vimukti pondindi mariyu alaage "khachitamgaa" nischayaatmakamaina jeevi.
ayithe, eee saapekshatanu adhigaminchina paryavasanamga, edainaa mariyu itara madhya sambandhaaniki rendu vaipula kooda ippudu avi aadarsha kshanaluga maarina anantamaina astitvaaniki samanamga sambandham kaligi unnaayi. kabatti, vaari sambandham dwara edho okati mariyu itara parasparamgaa "okari" antargata lakshanaalanu nirnayinchinappatikii, avi anantamaina jeevipy adhe prabhavanni chuupavu-adhi devudu, aatma ledhaa aham (fitchtian ardhamlo)-dheeniki avi ippudu vastuvulu. eee jeevi maroka parimitamaina marokati matrame kaadu, conny avi deniki mariyu vaatilo oka bhaagam. parimitiki marokariki undatam anedi (bii) anantaniki "okariki undatam" gaa maarindi.
eee okari kosam okaru undatam anedi leibniz yokka monadnu gurtuchestundi endukante idhi daanilo jarige vividha nirnayaala antataa tananu taanu konasaginche saadhaarana ekatvaanni kaligi untundi. ayithe, hegel leibniz nirmaanaanni vimarsinchaadu, endukante, eee monadlu okadaanikokati udasinatato untaayi mariyu khachitamgaa cheppalante, okadaanikokati itarulu kaananduna, avi okadaanikokati nirnayinchalevu mariyu anduvalla vaati madhya unna saamarasyaaniki muulam kanugonabadadu. okari kosam okaru undatam, daanilo drudha sankalpam yokka kshanaalanu kaligi undatam, eee vairudhyaanni nivaaristundi.
munupati kshanaalannii soochinche vaatini ippudu manam ontarigaa teesukunte, i.ii.ippudu mana mundu unnadaanini, (sii) "okati" thoo mugistaamu.
bii. okati mariyu aneka.
eee (eah) "daani swantha aatmalo, daani munupati kshanaalannintikii" pratikuula sambandhamlo nilabadi, vaatilo pratidaaniki puurtigaa bhinnamgaa untundi. idhi nirnayaatmaka jeevi kaadu, ledhaa edainaa kaadu, ledhaa rajyangam modalainavi kaadu. anduvalla idhi anischitamainadi mariyu maarchalenidi. andulo aemee ledhu. unikini vaeru cheyadaaniki etuvanti pramaanam lenatle, avi viruddhamgaa unnappatikee aemee laevu, okati kooda "daani" vyatiraekatatoe samanamga untundi, (bii) "shoonyata". shoonyatanu okadaani naanhyata anie cheppavacchu.
eee dasalo, eee tarkam lucippus mariyu democritus yokka puraatana anuvunu cherchindi. hegel vaastavaaniki aadhunika bhouthika shaastram yokka saastreeyamainadaani kante puraatana taatvika anuvu bhavananu adhika gowravamtho kaligi unnadu, endukante modatidi shoonyatanu anuvula madhya khaalii sthalamgaa matrame kakunda, anuvu yokka ashanti mariyu sweeya-kadalika yokka swaabhaavika suutramgaa ardham chesukundi. "bhouthika shaastram daani anuvulu mariyu kanaalatoe anuvutho baadhapadutondi... vyaktula pratyeka sankalpam nundi praarambhamayye rashtra siddhaantam enthagaa untundo anthe."
astitvam yokka asalu parivartana mariyu astitvaanni nirnayinchadaaniki aemee ikkada mallii pratidhvaninchabadadu. ayithe, naanhyata yokka anni amsaalaku pratikuulamgaa sambandham unnanduna, daani swantha naanhyatanu minahayinchi, nirnayaatmaka nirnayam vanti gunaatmaka nirnayaatmakatanu teesukolemu. daani swantha sweeya-bhedamlo, adhi daanitoe samaanamaina maroka aatmagaa, antey marokatigaa matrame sambandham kaligi untundi. kotta naanhyatanu teesukoledu kabatti, manam eee parivartananu oka maaradam anie pilavaleru, conny oka "vikarshana" anie pilustaamu.ii., (sii) "aneka" la sthaanam.
sii. vikarshana mariyu aakarshana.
eee aneka vishayalanu gurtinchina tarvaata, vaari sambandham yokka swabhaavam bayatapadatam praarambhamavutundi. puurtigaa "sweeya"-sambandham kaligi undatam okari swabhaavam kabatti, okaritho marokariki unna sambandham vaastavaaniki "kaani"-sambandham, i.ii., shoonyathalo baahyamgaa jarugutundi. okadaani drukkonam nundi, appudu, "verevi laevu", antey, vatiki daani sambandham (eah) "minahaayimpu" loe okati. lopala" nundi choosthe "okati" matrame undhi, conny adhe samayamlo okati "itara" vaatitho daani pratikuula bahya sambandham dwara matrame modati sthaanamlo untundi, i.ii., akkada "okati" undalante "okarinokaru parasparam minahayinchevi chaalaa undaali.
hegel prakaram, okati puurtigaa swayam-jeevanaadhaaram mariyu anekam lekunda undagaladane aalochana, "atyunnata, atyanta mondi pattudalagala lopam, idhi atyunnata satyam kosam teesukuntundi, nairoopya swechcha, swachchamaina aham mariyu marinta khachitamaina roopaallo vyaktamavutundi."
ippudu chaalaa mandhi vaari nundi vikarshana nundi bayatapadinanduna, vaari asalu ekatvam tananu taanu punarudghaatistundi mariyu vaari vikarshana (bii) "aakarshana" kii velutundi. aakarshana vikarshananu oohistundihi chaalaa mandhi daani patla aakarshitulavvaalante, vaaru modata daani dwara tippikottabadi undaali.
aakarshana dwara aikyataku punaruddharinchabadinadi ippudu daanilo vikarshana mariyu aakarshananu kshanaluga kaligi undhi. idhi anantamaina jeevulalo "aadarsavantamainadi", idhi hegel kosam, vaastavaaniki kevalam "nijamaina" anekula kante "marinta" nijamainadi "gaa chestundi. eee aadarsam yokka drukkonam nundi, vikarshana mariyu aakarshana rendoo ippudu okadaanikokati oohinchukuntaayi, mariyu oka adugu munduku vesthe, prati okkati marokati madhyavartitvam chesinatlugaa "tananu taanu" oohinchukuntaayi. okati marokadaaniki sambandhinchi okati matrame-vikarshana; conny eee "marokati" daanitoe samanamga untundi, vaastavaaniki, asalu okati-aakarshanah prati okkati marokati yokka kshanam. idhi (sii) "vikarshana mariyu aakarshana sambandham", idhi eee samayamlo "saapekshamainadi" matrame.
hegel anchanaa prakaram, appudu aacharanalo unna indriya avagahana aadhaaramgaa bhouthika saastrampai adhibhouthika shaastram yokka vivaranaatmaka shakti vijayam saadhinchinappatikii, cont yokka adhibhouthika shaastram unfangsgrunde derr naturivicenschaft (1786) taruvaati chesina aneka lopaalanu nilupukunnatlu athanu nammadu, veetilo pradhaanamainadi emitante, padaartham ippatike erpadina mariyu erpadina indriyaalaku ivvabadinanduna, adhi manassu kooda alaa bhaavistundi. padaarthaanni kadalikalo unchadaaniki "daanipai" panicheyaalsina aakarshana mariyu vikarshana saktulu, appudu, padaartham modati sthaanamlo unikiloki vachhe saktulugaa kooda kanipinchavu.
vikarshana mariyu aakarshana okadaanikokati saapekshamgaa untaayi, endukante okadaanini okadaanitoe okati madhyavartitvam yokka prarambhamga ledhaa phalitamgaa pariganistaaru. nirantara, anantamaina kadalikatho, vikarshana mariyu aakarshana "parimaanam" yokka upasheershika kshanaluga marutayi.
parimaanam (parimaanam).
parimaanam.
eah. swachchamaina parimaanam
sweeya-kosam undatam yokka munupati nirnayaalu ippudu "swachchamaina parimaanam" yokka upasheershika kshanaluga marai. swachchamaina parimaanam okati, conny vaati prarambha vikarshana nundi okadaanikokati tirigi aakarshinchabadina anekulatho roopondinchabadindi. anduvalla idhi aneka saaruupyamaina vaatini kaligi undhi, conny vaati ekatvamlo, avi tama paraspara minahaayimpunu kolpoyayi, idhi manaku saralamaina, bhinnamaina saaruupyatanu istundi. eee saaruupyata "konasagimpu", parimaanamlo aakarshana yokka kshanam. maroka kshanam, vikarshana kooda parimaanamlo "vivakshata" gaa unchabadutundi. vivakshata antey vaati sweeya-samaanatvaanni konasagimpuga vistarinchadam. konasagimpu mariyu vivakshata yokka aikyata emiti, i.ii.parimaanam, daani phalitamgaa nirantaram edainaa bayataku pravahistundi, idhi shaashwata sweeya-utpatti.
"swachchamaina parimaanaaniki nirdishta udaaharanalu, avi kavalanukunte, sthalam mariyu samayam, alaage padaartham, kaanti mariyu modalainavi, mariyu ahankaaram kooda."samayam, sthalam mariyu padaarthamloo avibhaajyata mariyu anantamaina vibhajana madhya, swachchamaina kaaranam gurinchi thana vimarsalo perkonna cont yokka vyatiraekatanu hegel ikkada teevramgaa vimarsinchaaru. konasagimpu mariyu vivakshanu okadaanikokati puurtigaa viruddhamgaa bhaavinchadam dwara, vaari maandalika aikyata ayina vaari satyamlo kakunda, kanth sweeya-vairudhyamlo chikkukupotadu.
bii. nirantara mariyu vivikta parimaanam
parimaanamlo ekikrutamainappatiki, konasagimpu mariyu vyatyaasam ippatikee okadaanikokati tama vyatyaasaanni konasagistunnayi. vaatini okadaanikokati vaeru cheyalemu, conny rendintiloo okadaanni mundubhaagamlo unchavacchu, marokati parokshamgaa matrame untundi. parimaanam anedi pondikaina mottamgaa chusinappudu "nirantara parimaanam"; okelanti vaati sekaranagaa, idhi "vivikta parimaanam".
sii. parimaanam yokka parimiti
parimaanam anedi okati, conny daanilo aneka kshanaalu, vikarshana, aakarshana modalainavi untaayi. eee samayamlo, okadaani swabhaavaanni minahayinchi, pratikuulata parimaanamlo tirigi dhruveekarinchabadutundi. parimaanamlo unna viviktamainavi ippudu parimitamainavi, viviktamainavih "kwanta".
quantum.
eah. sankhya.
quantum yokka modati nirdhaarana "sankhya". sankhya okati ledhaa anekam thoo roopondinchabadindi-veetini kwanta gaa "unitlu" anie pilustaaru-veetilo prati okkati okadaanikokati samanamga untundi. unitloni eee gurtimpu sankhya yokka konasaagimpunu kaligi untundi. edemaina, oka sankhya anedi oka nirdishta nirnayaatmaka amsam, idhi itara atuvanti samuuhaalanu minahaayistuu, unitla samuuhaanni chuttumudutundi. idhi, "mottam", anedi sankhya lopala vyatyaasam yokka kshanam. gunaatmaka mariyu parimaanaatmaka nirnayaatmaka rendintikee vaati nischayaatmaka uniki mariyu vaati niraakarana madhya sarihaddunu gurtinche parimitulu unnaayi, conny modatidaanilo parimiti daani unikini tanaku taanugaa pratyaekamaina nirdishta naanhyathatho nirnayistundi, ayithe rendodaanilo, adhi sajaateeyamaina unitlatho roopondinchabadindi, avi okadaanikokati okela untaayi, avi parimitiloo yea vaipu unnaa, parimiti nirdishta mottamlo unitlanu chuttumuttadaaniki matrame upayogapadutundi, udhaa.zii., vanda, mariyu atuvanti itara aggregatela nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki.
ganana jaatulu-lekkinchadam, jodinchadam/teesiveyadam, guninchadam/vibhajinchadam, saktulu/muulaalu-okadaanikokati sambandhinchi sankhyalanu teesukuvacche vividha reetulu. eee reetula dwara purogati tarkam sarainadi ayina adhe vidhamaina maandalika parinaamaanni pradarsinchinappatikii, avi puurtigaa daaniki baahyamgaa untaayi endukante ankaganita prakriya dwara vaatipai vidhinchina vividha erpaatlalo antargata avasaram ledhu. 7 + 5 = 12 anae vyakteekaranhatho, vyakteekaranhatho 5nii jodinchadam tappanisarigaa tappanisarigaa samanam ayinappatikee, 7 ledhaa ledhaa antargatamgaa aemee ledhu, avi modati sthaanamlo okadaanitoe okati elanti sambandhaanni teesukuraavaalani suuchistaayi. eee kaaranamgaa, pythagorus puraatana prayatnam chesinappatiki, khachitamgaa taatvika bhaavanalapai yea vidhamaina velugunivvadaaniki sankhyapai aadhaarapadaleru. ayithe dheenini konni taatvika aalochanalanu "suuchimchadaaniki" upayoginchavacchu. bodhanaa saadhanamgaa ganitam vishayaanikosthe, hegel mundugaane ilaa annadu "ganana chaalaa bahya mariyu yaantrika prakriya kaavadamtho, puurti khachitatvamto ankaganita karyakalapalanu nirvahinche yantraalanu nirminchadam saadhyamaindi. ganana yokka swabhaavam gurinchi eee okka vaastavam gurinchina ghnaanam, manassunu vidyaavantulanu cheyadaaniki mariyu daanini oka yantramgaa paripuurnamgaa cheyadaaniki rock meeda chaachi unchadaaniki ganananu pradhana maargamgaa chese aalochananu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki saripotundi."
bii. vistrutamaina mariyu teevramaina parimaanam.
daani takshana sthithilo teesukunte, oka sankhya anedi "vistruta parimaanam", antey, oka nirdishta mottam sweeya-oke unitla sekarana. eee unitlu, vaatilo padhi ledhaa iravai anie cheppandi, vistruta parimaanam padhi ledhaa iravai yokka upasheershika kshanaalu. ayithe, padhi ledhaa iravai sankhyalu, aneka sankhyalatho roopondinchabadinappatiki, daani nirdhaarana kosam itara sankhyala nundi swatantramgaa, sweeya-nirnayaatmaka sankhya kooda. eee vidhamgaa teesukunte, padhi ledhaa iravai (eah) vistruta parimaanam nundi vaeru chestundi mariyu "intensive magnitude" avutundi, idhi padava ledhaa iravai "degree" gaa vyakteekarinchabadutundi. oka degree daani uniki kosam vaatipai aadhaarapadinappatiki, aneka itara vaati patla puurtigaa udasinataga unnatle, prati degree prati itara degree patla udasinatato untundi, ayinappatikee avi degreela sthaayi dwara aarohana ledhaa avarohana pravaahamlo okadaanitoe okati baahyamgaa sambandham kaligi untaayi.
eee vidhamgaa okadaanikokati bhinnamgaa unnappatikee, vistrutamaina mariyu teevramaina parimaanam tappanisarigaa (bii) okate. "hay, okati tanalo taanu mottaanni kaligi undatam mariyu marokati thana velupala mottaanni kaligi undatam dwara matrame vaeru cheyabadataayi."eee samayamlone edho oka kshanam parimaanam abhivruddhi chendutunna samayamlo antarleenamgaa undani punarudghaatistundi. vistrutamaina mariyu teevramaina parimaanam madhya tiraskarananu tiraskarinchinappudu tirigi kanipinche eee vishayam, parimaanam yokka maandalikamlo naanhyata yokka tirigi aavirbhavam.
parimaana rangamlo, edainaa mariyu itara madhya sambandhaaniki paraspara gunaatmaka nirnayaatmakata ledhu. okadaanitoe okati matrame tanaku samaanamaina marokadaanito sambandham kaligi untundi. ayithe, ippudu, aaa gunaatmaka nirnayaatmakata tirigi vachindi, quantum daani saadhaarana sweeya sambandhaanni kolpotundi mariyu tanaku minchina gunaatmaka marokati dwara matrame tanaku taanugaa sambandham kaligi untundi. idhi maroka quantum, ekkuva ledhaa takkuva mottaaniki chendinadi, idhi, ventane, daaniki minchina maroka quantum "yaad infinitum" kuu suuchistumdi. idhi quantum yokka sweeya chodaka (sii) maarpunu kaligi untundi.
sii. parimaanaatmaka anantam.
oka nirdishta quantum, daani swantha antargata avasaram, daaniki minchinadi ayinappatikee, idhi tappanisarigaa maroka quantum. eee vaastavam, quantum saasvatamgaa tananu taanu tippikodutundi, ayinappatikee samanamga saasvatamgaa quantum gaa untundi, (eah) parimaanaatmaka anantam yokka bhavananu pradarsistundi, idhi daanilo unna parimiti mariyu anantam madhya sweeya-sambandhita, nischayaatmaka vyatiraekata. quantum lopala eee irresolvable sweeya-vairudhyam (bii) parimaanaatmaka anantamaina purogati istundi. eee purogati rendu disalalo okadaanilo jaragavacchu, peddadi ledhaa chinnadi, idhi manaku "anantamaina goppa" ledhaa "anantamaina chinnadi" anie pilavabadedi istundi."eee" "anantaalu" "okkokkati" "nakilee parimaanaatmaka anantam" "anevi" "goppa" "mariyu" "chinna" "anevi kwanta anie suuchistaayi, ayithe nirvachanam prakaram anantam anedi quantum kaadu".
tatvasaastramlo nakilee parimaanaatmaka anantam yokka roopaaniki hegel ikkada aneka udaaharanalu istaadu, avi cont yokka udaattata mariyu athani spashtamaina anivaryam yokka bhaavanalo, alaage athani 'vignaana shaastra siddhaantam' (1810) loe vivarinchina vidhamgaa fitchte yokka anantamaina aham. eee aalochanalannintiki diguvana, aham mariyu daani marokati madhya unikilo unna sampoorna vyatiraekata, idhi kala, prakruti mariyu saadhaaranamgaa aham laeni roopaanni teesukuntundi anie hegel chepparu. rendu vaipula madhya anantamaina sambandhaanni, udaaharanaku, aham yokka naitika sthaayi, daani meeda indriyaala shakti taggadaaniki anugunamgaa nirantaram peragadam dwara vyatiraekatanu adhigaminchaalani bhaavistaaru. nakilee parimaanaatmaka anantam yokka swabhaavam prakaram, ayithe, aham entha goppa sthaayiki ediginaa, daaniki mariyu daani marokadaaniki madhya sampoorna vyatiraekata undhi mariyu pratichota punarudghaatinchabadindi mariyu mottam prakriyaku niraasa mariyu vyardha vaancha tappa vaerae phalitam undadu.
parimaanaatmaka anantam kwaantamnu vyatirekistundi, mariyu quantum anantaanni vyatirekistundi. tarka shaastram" loe chaalaa tarachugaa sambhavinchinatlugaa, tiraskarinchabadina oka niraakarana kotta nischayaatmaka drukkoonaanni utpatti chestundi, gatamlo tiraskarinchina padaalu daani ekikruta kshanaluga marai. eee drukkonam (sii) quantum yokka anantam, ikkada nundi anantam, praarambhamlo quantum yokka sampoorna marokati, tappanisarigaa daaniki chendinadani mariyu vaastavaaniki chaalaa kaalamgaa upasheershinchabadina anni itara nirnayaatmaka jeevulatoo paatu oka nirdishta naanyatagaa nirnayistundani kanipistundi. kwaantamnu itara gunaatmakamgaa nirnayinchabadina jeevi nundi vaeru chese eee pratyaekamaina lakshanam vaastavaaniki naanhyata nundi parimaanaanni vaeru chese spashtamaina sweeya-nirnayaatmakata yokka mottam lekapovadam. quantum yokka vikarshana anedi vaastavaaniki gunaatmaka nirnayam yokka prapancham vaipu "venukaku" oka sangna, tadwara rendu prapanchaalanu marosari kaluputundi. eee sangna "parimaanaatmaka nishpatti" loe spashtamgaa cheppabadindi, ikkada rendu kwanta luu okadaanitoe okati sambandhamloki teesukuvastaaru, tadwara okati kooda sweeya-nirnayaatmakamainadi kaadu, conny okadaanikokati sambandhinchi, avi gunaatmakamgaa tamaku minchinadaanni nirnayistaayi, udhaa.zii., oka rekha ledhaa vakrarekha.
kaavaleeri, descartes, fermat, baaro, neuton, leibniz, euler, lagrange, landen mariyu carnot rachanalanu utamkistuu, ikkada hegel avakalana mariyu samagra calculus yokka charitra mariyu abhivruddhi yokka sudeergha sarvelo palgontadu. oka pondikaina phalitaaniki raavadaaniki calculus sameekaranaala phalitamgaa vachhe anantamaina vyatyaasaalanu nirlakshyam cheyalane ganita saastravettala ottidi athani pradhana aandolana. eee prakriya yokka khachitatvam, pradhanamgaa kwaantamnu avakalana saha-saamarthyam yokka prati okka padam soochinche "parimaanam" gaa mariyu nishpatti roopamlo unnappudu vaari sambandham yokka "gunaatmaka" swabhaavam madhya thedaanu gurtinchadamlo viphalamainanduna, anie hegel chepparu. "" "dx", "" "dy", "ikapai kwanta kaadu, ledhaa avi kwanta anie suuchimchakuudadu; okadaanikokati sambandhinchi matrame vatiki edainaa ardham untundi," "kevalam kshanaluga ardham"."
parimaanaatmaka sambandham.
eah. pratyaksha nishpatti
nishpatti yokka rendu padaalu oke quantum, sthiraamkam, "k" (hegel thana naati bhaashalo nishpatti yokka "ghaataankam" anie piliche) dwara parimitam cheyabadithe "x": "y" vanti nishpatti anedi "pratyaksha nishpatti",
pratyaksha nishpattilo, gatamlo upalated parimaanaatmaka kshanaalu mottam mariyu unit tirigi pondabadataayi mariyu okadaanitoe okati takshana sambandhamloki teesukuraabadataayi. nishpatti yokka oka vaipu, "y", anedi maroka vaipu, "x" kuu sambandhinchi oka nirdishta mottam, idhi eee mottaanni koliche unitga panichestundi. sthiraamkam ivvabadithe, appudu nishpattilo edainaa oka vaipuna unna quantum edainaa sankhya kaavacchu, mariyu maroka vaipuna unna sankhya svayamchaalakamgaa nirnayinchabadutundi. anduvalla, nishpatti yokka modati sankhya puurtigaa daani swatantra praamukhyatanu kolpotundi mariyu marokadaaniki sambandhinchi nirnayaatmaka quantum vale matrame panichestundi. gatamlo, edainaa oka sankhya ekakaalamlo oka mottam ledhaa oka unitnu suuchimchavachchu; ippudu, idhi pratyaekamgaa okatigaa ledhaa "maroka sankhyaku sambandhinchi marokati" gaa panicheyaali. sthiraamkam eee kshanaalanu okadaanitoe okati tirigi aikyataloki teesukuvacchinatlu anipistundi, conny vaastavaaniki, idhi kooda "matrame" mottamgaa ledhaa "unitga" upayogapadutundi. x" anedi ekakam mariyu "y" mottam ayithe, appudu "k" anedi atuvanti ekakaala mottam,
x" mottam ayithe, appudu "k" anedi unit, dheeni mottam, "y", daanini nirnayistundi,
eee vidhamgaa tamalo taamu "asampuurnamgaa" unnanduna, eee kwanta okadaanikokati gunaatmaka kshanaluga matrame panicheestaayi.
bii. viloma nishpatti
viloma nishpatti" anedi oka nishpatti, "x": "y", dheenilo rendu vaipula madhya sambandham sthiraamkamlo vyakteekarinchabadutundi, idhi vaari "gunakam", i.ii.,
ledhaa
gatamlo pratyaksha nishpattitoe, rendu padaala madhya bhagaswamyanni "sthiramgaa", viloma nishpattilo adhi "maarchadaginadi" gaa maarchabadindi. viloma nishpatti aneka pratyaksha nishpattulanu parimitam chestundi kabatti, modati sthiraamkam kevalam parimanatmakamga kakunda, gunaatmaka parimitigaa kooda pradarsinchabadutundi. anduvalla idhi oka gunaatmaka parimaanam. nakilee anantam/nijamaina anantam mandalikam mallii ikkada kanipistundi, endukante nishpatti yokka yea padam ayina nishpatti yokka sthiraamkaanni anantamgaa anchanaa veyagaladu, okati marokadaanilo taggudalaku anugunamgaa perugutundi, conny vaastavaaniki daanini eppuduu cherukodu ("x" ledhaa "y" sunnaki samanam kakapovachhu). sthiraamkam edemaina oka saadhaarana quantum vale "prastuta" gaa untundi, mariyu adhi saasvatamainadi kaadu, nishpatti yokka rendu padaala dwara daani sweeya-madhyavartitvaanni nijamaina anantaniki udaaharanagaa chestundi.
sii. adhikaaraala nishpatti
adhikaaraala nishpatti" eee krindi roopaanni teesukuntundihi
eee nishpatti roopamlone quantum daani bhavanaku cherukundi mariyu daanini puurtigaa grahinchindi anie hegel chepparu."pratyaksha mariyu viloma nishpattulalo, sthiraamkam mariyu daani chararaasula madhya sambandham nirantaramgaa ledhu, modatidi vaati madhya sthiramaina aanupaatyata matrame, mariyu rendodi vatiki pratikuulamgaa matrame sambandham kaligi untundi. ayithe, adhikaaraala nishpattitoe, eee sambandham kevalam bahya parimitulalo okati kaadu, conny, shakti dwara daanitoe sambandham loki teesukuvacchina parimaanamgaa, idhi "sweeya-nirnayaatmaka" parimiti. eee sweeya-nirnayam quantum yokka naanhyatanu kaligi untundi, chivaraku naanhyata mariyu parimaanam yokka mukhyamaina gurtimpu yokka puurti praamukhyatanu pradarsistundi. vaastavaaniki, parimaanam naanhyata nundi vaeru cheyabadindi, endukante adhi daaniki baahyamgaa unnadaaniki, adhi parimanatmakamga unnadaaniki bhinnamgaa untundi. ayithe, ippudu, saktula nishpattilo, adhi baahyamgaa dhenitho sambandham kaligi untundo adhi daani "swantha" sweeya dwara nirnayinchabadutundi, mariyu daani swantha sweeyamtho baahyamgaa sambandham kaligi unnadi chaalaa kaalam nundi naanyatagaa nirvachinchabadindi. "conny parimaanam anedi" "a" "naanhyata matrame kaadu; adhi naanhyata yokka nijam kooda"."quantum, modata daanini nirvachinchi, naanhyataku tirigi vacchina parimaanam yokka kshanaanni upasheershika chesi, ippudu daani nijaayitheelo emiti" "kolata". "
kolata.
nirdishta parimaanam.
eah. nirdishta parimaanam.
"kolata anedi quantum yokka saralamaina sambandham... anduvalla quantum gunaatmakamgaa untundi."gatamlo, quantum adhi parimaanam chesina naanhyata patla udasinataga undedi. ippudu, kolatagaa, naanhyata mariyu parimaanam ippatikee okadaanikokati bhinnamgaa unnappatikee vidadeeyaraanivi mariyu vaati aikyatalo oka nirdishta nirnayaatmaka jeevi untundih "unikilo unna pratidaanikii oka parimaanam untundi mariyu eee parimaanam edainaa swabhaavaaniki chendinadi."vastuvula parimaanam vaati naanhyatanu praathamikamgaa marchakunda peragavacchu ledhaa taggavacchu, ayinappatikee vaati mukhyamaina aikyata parimaanamlo maarpu" naanhyathalo maarpunu "teesukuvacche parimitiloo vyaktamavutundi.
bii. kolatanu perkonadam.
oka nirdishta naanhyata tananu taanu konasaginchagala eguva mariyu diguva parimitulanu parimaanam vivarinchinanta varaku, idhi (eah) niyamamgaa panichestundi. niyamam anedi oka ekapaksha bahya pramaanam ledhaa mottam, idhi daanikante veredaanni kolustundi. tarachugaa alaa anukodaniki utsaaham kaliginchinappatikii, vaastavaaniki kolata yokka puurtigaa saarvatrika pramaanamgaa upayogapade yea vastuvu ledhu, antey.ii., swachchamaina parimaanamlo undandi. badulugaa, kolatalo imidi unnadi rendu lakshanaalu mariyu vaati swaabhaavika parimaanaala madhya nishpatti, okati (bii) marokati yokka kolatanu paerkontuu, idhi marokati, ayithe, adhi koliche daani dwara koliche saamarthyam kaligi untundi.
itara lakshanaala parimaanaanni kolavadaniki manam oka niyamam vale edho oka naanhyata ledhaa itara parimaanaatmaka lakshanaalanu ekapakshamgaa upayoginchinanta kaalam, daani nundi daani gunaatmaka swabhaavaanni sangrahistaamu. ayithe, okasari manam rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva lakshanaala madhya parimaanaatmaka nishpattini erpaatu chesina tarvaata, eee nishpattiki gunaatmakamgaa vibhinnamaina vishayalanu parimanatmakamga ekam chese swatantra unikini ivvagalam. aaa vidhamgaa manam rendu vaipula lakshanaalanu parigananaloki teesukovachhu, swatantramaina ledhaa "grahinchina" kolata vaari (sii) "sambandham" gaa panichestundi. eee kolata tappanisarigaa variable parimaanaalanu kaligi untundi, endukante parimaanaaniki sambandhinchina vividha vishayalu okadaanikokati sambandhinchi vaati sambandhita perugudala ledhaa taggudala raetlaloo matrame namodu cheyabadataayi. inca, nishpatti yokka prati vaipu adhi soochinche naanhyata yokka pratyaekatanu puurtigaa pratibimbimchadaaniki, rendu vaipula parimanatmakamga sweeya-sambandham kaligi undaali, i.ii.paina vivarinchina adhikaaraala nishpatti vishayamlo vale adhikaaraala roopaanni teesukondi.
sii. kolatalo thana kosam undatam.
ippudu parimaanaatmaka nishpattitoe aikyamainappatiki, aaa vidhamgaa sambandhamloki teesukuvacchina rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva lakshanaalu vaati paraspara vibajananu vibhina lakshanaalugaa nilupukuntaayi. udaaharanaku, padipotunna vastuvu yokka udaaharanalo sthalam mariyu samayam madhya parimaanaatmaka sambandhaanni manam nirnayinchagaliginappatiki, vaatilo prati okkati marokati nundi swatantramgaa, daani swantamgaa pariganinchavacchu. ayithe, rendu vaipula nishpatti dwara utpatti cheyabadina sthiraamkaanni daani swantha hakkulo swayam-aadhaaramaina vastuvugaa, antey "swayam-kosam undatam" gaa teesukunte, appudu rendu gatamlo puurtigaa vibhinnamaina lakshanaalu daani swantha upasheershika kshanaluga maarataayi, vaati swabhaavaalu ippudu vaastavaaniki eee kolata sambandham nundi udbhavinchinatlu kanipistaayi.
nijamaina kolata.
eah. swayam-upasamana charyala sambandham.
"nijamaina kolata" anedi okadaanikokati sambandhinchi teesukuvastunna vividha charyalaku baahyamgaa oka kotta drukkoonaanni istundi, eee sambandham ippudu vaastava bhouthika vastuvu yokka swatantra unikini suuchistumdi. idhi daanilo antarleenamgaa unna rendu kolatala madhya parimaanaatmaka (eah) kalayika nundi daani gunaatmaka nirdhaarananu pondutundi, antey.ii., parimaanam mariyu baruvu. okati antargata naanhyatanu suuchistumdi, eee sandarbhamlo baruvu; marokati bahya naanhyatanu suuchistumdi, eee sandarbhamlo valume, adhi teesukune sthalam. vaati kalayika manaku baruvu mariyu parimaanam nishpattini istundi, idhi daani nirdishta gurutvakarshana. eee nishpatti nundi vachhe sthiraamkam prasnalooni vastuvu yokka antargata lakshana vaastava kolata, conny, kevalam oka sankhya, oka quantum yokka roopaanni teesukunte, eee sthiraamkam adevidhamgaa maarpuku lobadi untundi, i.ii., jodimpu, vyavakalanam modalainavi. ayithe, kevalam parimaanam kakunda, oka vastuvu yokka nijamaina kolata antargatamgaa nirnayinchabadutundi, anduvalla maarpulo kontavaraku tananu taanu samrakshinchukuntundi. rendu bhouthika vastuvulanu kalipithe, okadaani yokka dwandwa kolatalu marokadaaniki jodinchabadataayi. vaaru sweeya-samrakshananu pradarsinche sthaayi "antargata" kolatalo namodu cheyabadutundi-eee sandarbhamlo baruvu-idhi kalayika tarvaata, asalu rendu kolatala mottaaniki samanamga untundi; vaaru gunaatmaka maarpunu pradarsinche sthaayi "bahya" kolatalo namodu cheyabadutundi-eee sandarbhamlo sthalam-idhi "tappanisarigaa" daani bhagalaku samaanamaina mottaaniki daariteestundi, conny tarachugaa bhouthika padaarthaala vishayamlo mottam parimaanamlo taggudalanu pradarsistundi.
oka nirdishta vaastava kolata yokka sthiraamkaanni mana unitga sweekaristhe, itara vaastava kolatala sthiraamkaalanu daaniki sambandhinchi a (b) kolata sambandhaala shrenilo mottaalugaa teesukuraavacchu. atuvanti shrenilo yea nijamaina kolata ekapakshamgaa panichestundo, vyaktigata nijamaina kolatalu unnatle lekkinchaleni kolata sambandhaala shrenulu unnaayi. ayithe, rendu nijamaina kolatalu, avi nishpattulu, kalipinappudu, phalitam aaa nishpattula yokka kotta nishpatti, idhi quantum roopamlo sthiraamkam dwara suuchimchabadutumdi. eee" sthiraamkaanni oka vyaktigata nijamaina kolataku badulugaa, oka unitga sweekarinchinatlayithe, appudu rendu asamaanamaina shrenulu ippudu oka saadhaarana denaminatorlo okadaanitoe okati samanamga cheyabadataayi. oka shreniloni prati nijamaina kolata aaa shreniloni prati itara sabhyunitho sthiraamkaanni yerparustundi kabatti, oka nirdishta nijamaina kolata unitga panichese edainaa "vyaktigata shrenini" vaerae "nijamaina kolatato yea" itara "shrenitho samanamga cheyavachu. idhi oka vastuvu yokka nijamaina kolata daani nirdishta naanhyatanu nirnayistundi kabatti, mariyu aaa nijamaina kolata sthiraamkaala shreni roopamlo itara nijamaina kolatalato kaligi unna parimaanaatmaka sambandham nundi teesukobadinanduna, paina nirnayinchinatlugaa, naanhyata saapekshamgaa mariyu baahyamgaa matrame nirnayinchabadutundi. ayithe, manam chuusinatlugaa, nijamaina kolataku "antargata" sambandham kooda untundi, idhi edainaa bahya sambandhaaniki udasinatato kuudina sweeya-jeevanaadhaaraanni istundi. anduvalla, eee nijamaina kolatala madhya parimaanaatmaka sambandhaala shreni (sii) vaati vibhina lakshanaala madhya "aichhika anubandhaanni" matrame nirnayistundi, conny eee lakshanaalu kaavu.
parimaanam/naanhyata mandalikam anedi aichhika anubandham yokka rangamlo vyaktamavutundi, oka shrenilo nijamaina kolata maroka shreniloni vaaritho anulomaanupaatamlo parimaanaatmaka sambandhaanni kaligi unnappatikee gunaatmakamgaa pratidhvaninchadu. vaastavaaniki, oka nirdishta vaastava kolata yokka nirdishta naanhyata kontavaraku itara vaastava kolatala dwara namodu cheyabadutundi, dheeniki pratyeka anubandham undhi, antey, idhi parimaanaatmaka maarpuku elaa spandistundi. idhi parimaanam yokka teevramaina vaipu (paina chudandi), idhi vistrutamaina parimaanamlo maarpulaku lobadi unnappudu daani gunaatmaka pravartananu nirnayinche nirdishta nijamaina charyalaku sambandhinchinadi.
bii. kolata-sambandhaala yokka nodal line.
aichhika anubandham yokka sambandham anedi rendu nijamaina kolatala madhya bahya sambandham, idhi vaati parimaanaatmaka amsaala dwara nirnayinchabadutundi. tamalo taamu, prati nijamaina kolata, itarula patla, daaniki anubandham unnavaari patla kooda daani gunaatmaka udaaseenatanu konasaagistundi. ayithe, vaastava charyalu kooda paina perkonna "kolata" loe charchinchinatle "antargata" maarpulaku lobadi untaayi.ii.daani naanhyatanu oka nirdishta parimaanaatmaka paridhiloo matrame nirvahinchavacchu, antaku minchi adhi akasmaattugaa maroka naanhyathaloki "dookutundi". eee vibhina lakshanaalu kramamga parimaanaatmaka perugudala ledhaa taggudala varusalo "nodes" nuu yerparustaayi.
sii. kolata laenidi.
kolata, naanhyata mariyu parimaanam yokka aikyata kaavadamtho, ippudu daani anantamaina, "kolataleni" samskaranaloki parivartana chendutundi, idhi tadanugunamgaa gunaatmaka mariyu parimaanaatmaka anantala aikyata. kolata laeni vaatilo, parimaanaatmaka anantam anedi nodal line yokka antuleni perugudala saamardhyamlo vyaktamavutundi; gunaatmaka anantam anedi edainaa nirdishta gunaatmaka nirnayaaniki minchina saasvatamainadigaa vyaktamavutundi. kolata yokka antargata parimaanaatmaka maarpu dwara varusa nirnayaalu sweeya-utpatti cheyabadataayi kabatti, kolata laeni drukkonam nundi, avi oke "uparitalam" yokka vibhina "sthithulugaa" ippudu chudavachu. uparitalam yokka swabhaavam, edho oka vidhamgaa, kevalam bahya gunaatmaka roopaaniki mudipadi undadu, conny vividha antargatamgaa nirnayinchabadina roopaala yokka antarleena aikyatanu suuchistumdi, ivi daani sthithulu.
saaraamsam yokka maaradam.
eah. sampoorna udaaseenata
eee uparitalam, sthithula varusa dwara konasaagutundi, prati nirdishta nirnayaaniki-adhi naanhyata, parimaanam ledhaa kolata ayina-adhi kaligi unna "sampoorna udaaseenata" kii sambandhinchi untundi. kevalam aikyata yokka nairoopya vyakteekarana matrame vaati sampuurnataku aadharam.
bii. daani kaarakaala viloma nishpattigaa udaaseenata
daani takshana sthithilo teesukunte, eee udaaseenata kevalam daanilo udbhavinche anni vibhina nirnayaatmakatala phalitam. idhi daani swantha antargata hecchutaggulanu nirnayinchadu, i.ii., anedi "sweeya-nirnayaatmakamainadi kaadu. ayithe, ippativaraku abhivruddhi chendina kolata sambandhaalaku anugunamgaa, daani prati kshanam paraspara, parimanatmakamga nirnayinchabadina nishpattulalo okadaanitoe okati untaayi. gatamlo, naanhyata drukkonam nundi, taginanta parimaanaatmaka perugudala ledhaa taggudala oka naanhyata nundi maroka naanhyataku akasmaattugaa parivartanaku daariteestundi. ippudu, sampoorna udaaseenata mana drukkoonamgaa, saadhyamayye prati gunaatmaka nirnayam ippatike parimaanaatmaka nishpatti dwara prati itaradaanitoe parokshamgaa sambandham kaligi undhi. prati naanhyata daani sambandhita itara naanhyathatho anusandhaaninchabadi, mariyu samatulyatalo untundi. anduvalla prati naanhyata okadaanikokati puurtigaa bhinnamgaa unnatlugaa edainaa oka naanhyata kante maroka naanhyatanu "ekkuva" ledhaa "takkuva" kaligi undavacchani cheppadam ikapai ardhavantam kaadu. oka vishayam loe marokati kante "ekkuva" anae yea naanhyata unnaa, daani sthaanamlo marokati unna yea naanhyataku "takkuva" anie samanamga cheppavacchu, antey.ii., "vaati kaarakaala viloma nishpatti" undhi. kabatti, "parimaanaatmaka" maarpu "anie pilavabade daanitoe, oka amsam pradhaanamainadi avutundi, endukante marokati vegavantamaina vegamtho taggutundi mariyu modati daanitoe adhigaminchabadutundi, anduvalla idhi ekaika sweeya-upasheershika naanhyatanu kaligi untundi."eee rendu lakshanaalu ikapai vibhinnamainavi, paraspara pratyaekamaina nirnayaalu kaavu, conny kalisi oke mottaanni kaligi untaayi.
sii. saaraamsamloki parivartana
khachitamgaa uniki yokka paridhiloo, daani nirnayaala venuka unna antarleena aikyata tappanisarigaa aaa nirnayaalaku baahyamgaa mariyu viruddhamgaa untundi. eee nirnayaalu eee aikyatanu tirigi tamalo taamu grahinchinappudu saaraamsaaniki parivartana sambhavistundi, i.ii., vaaru daanini upasheershistaaru. vyatyaasam mariyu aikyata madhya antarleena vairudhyam modatidaaniki "pratikuula" gaa perkonabadinappudu parishkarinchabadutundi. kabatti, ika nundi avi kevalam udaaseenata yokka uparitalamlo udbhavistaayani cheppalemu, conny eee "uparitalam" anedi "vaari swantha jeevinche sweeya sambandham". maroe maatalo cheppalante, uniki yokka anni nirnayaala madhya thedaalu, avi parimaanaatmaka vyatyaasam mariyu kaarakaala viloma nishpatti, ikapai sweeya-jeevanaadhaaram kaadu, conny vaastavaaniki vaatini paripaalinche antarleena aikyata yokka vyakteekaranalo kevalam kshanaalu mariyu, tamanu taamu, "tama nundi taamu vikarshinchadam dwara matrame"."undatam anedi chivaraku kevalam nischayaatmakamaina jeevi kaadani nirnayinchukundi, i.ii., idhi modati sthaanamlo undatam, conny daanitoe "sambandham" gaa, "thanatho undatam" ledhaa "saaraamsam" gaa vargeekarinchabadindi.
objective logic saaraamsam yokka siddhaantam.
pratibimbimchadam-tanalo taanu.
bhramaatmakamainadi.
eah. avasaramainavi mariyu anavasaramainavi.
saaraamsam dwara pradarsinchabade takshana lakshanam, adhi chivaraku uniki nundi udbhavinchina tarvaata, adhi "kaadu" undatam. idhi spashtamgaa manalni tirigi nirneeta uniki yokka golamloki teesukuvastundi (paina chudandi), ikkada sambandham yokka prati vaipu parasparamgaa maroka vaipu "kaadu" anie nirnayistundi. eee takshana, kevalam saapeksha sambandhamlo, saaraamsam mariyu undatam varusaga "avasaramainavi" mariyu "anavasaramainavi" avtayi. ayithe, eee sambandhamlo, idhi avasaramaina mariyu anavasaramaina daani gurinchi "emi" anie maaku cheppadaniki aemee ledhu. eee aalochanaa vidhananni denikosam vartimpajese vaaru ekapakshamgaa thedaanu chuuputunnaaru, dheeniki viruddhamgaa ellappuduu samaana samarthanatho cheppavacchu. nirneeta jeevi yokka saapekshavaadamloki tirigi padakunda saraamsaanni rakshinchedi emitante, modati sthaanamlo saaramsamgaa nirvachinche daani nundi chaalaa radikal mariyu sampoorna vyatyaasam. anduvalla undatam anedi kevalam saaraamsaaniki sambandhinchina maroka saapekshamgaa tananu taanu kapadukolemu, conny, saaraamsam dwara upasheershinchabadinanduna, adhe kaaranamtho adhi "shoonyata", "saaraamsam laenidi", "bhramaatmaka jeevi" gaa maarindi.
bii. bhramaatmakamainadi.
kabatti saaraamsaaniki sambandhinchi, jeevi thana astitvaanni kolpoyi, bhramaga maarindi. tarka shaastram yokka modati moodava bhaagamlo cover cheyabadina anni nirnayaalu ikapai sweeya-upaantamgaa undavu, conny saaraamsam yokka pratikuulatalugaa matrame untaayi. saaraamsampai eee puurti aadharapadatam antey, daani swantha nirnayaalalo deenipainaa aadhaarapadagaligedi ikapai aemee ledhu, antey.ii., unikilo ikapai "madhyavartitvam" ledhu. eee paatra puurtigaa saaraamsam dwara teesukobadindi, idhi bhramaatmaka jeevi yokka "swachchamaina" takshanaaniki sambandhinchi "swachchamaina" madhyavartitvam. idhi puraatana samsayavaadamto paatu leibniz, cont mariyu fitchte yokka "aadhunika" aadarsavaadaaniki anugunamgaa unde aalochanaa vidhanam anie hegel paerkonnaadu. bhranti anedi saaraamsam kaanappatikee, puurtigaa saaraamsaaniki chendinadi. dheeni dwara saaraamsam anedi adhi emito, antey, unikiki sambandhinchi "puurtigaa pratikuulamainadi" gaa utpatti avutundi. bhranti yokka khaalii vyakteekaranala sthiramaina roopaanni mariyu adrushyaanni ippudu saaraamsam yokka "sonta" sweeya-utpatti kadalikagaa, daani swantha "pratibimbam" gaa chudavachu.
sii. pratibimbam.
saaraamsam yokka golamlo pratibimbam anedi uniki yokka golamlo maaradaaniki anugunamgaa untundi. ayithe, unikilo, eee udyamam saanukuula-swachchamaina jeevi-mariyu pratikuula-swachchamaina shoonyata madhya undedi. ayithe ikkada, rendu padaalu bhranti uniki mariyu saaraamsam. ippatike sthapinchabadinatlugaa, bhramaatmaka uniki anedi shoonyata, shoonyata. saaraamsam, nirvachanam prakaram, "sampoorna pratikuulata". kabatti pratibimbam, vaati madhya kadalika, "aemee nundi aemee" yokka kadalika mariyu tadwara tirigi thana vaipuku. eee rendu padaalu, "puurtigaa pratikuulamgaa" undatamlo, okadaanikokati samanamga untayih saaraamsam "anedi" bhramaatmaka jeevi "mariyu bhramaatmaka jeevi" anedi "saaraamsam". ayithe, avi kooda "saapekshamgaa pratikuulamgaa" untaayi, nirvachanam prakaram, okati "marokati" kaadu. eee vairudhyam saaraamsamlo vyaktamavutundi, adhi "oohistundi" ledhaa "nilupukuntundi", "daani swantamgaa," idhi ventane tananu taanu vaeru chestundih bhramaatmaka jeevi. eee sampoorna tirogamanam anedi a) "pratibimbaanni nilabettadam" gaa saaraamsam.
pratibimbam yokka tadupari nirnayam, bii) "bahya pratibimbam", sampoorna pratikuulata ledhaa shoonyata nundi praadhaanyatanu maarustundi, dheenilo nilabade bhranti uniki mariyu daani nilupudala saaraamsam vaari "gurtimpunu" kanugontaayi, vaari "vyatiraekata" aadhaaramgaa unna saapeksha pratikuulataku. thana" "sonta" "gaa kakunda marevaruu daanini sthaapinchakamunde adhi kanugonna bhramanu adhi" "telisina" "ayinappatikee, bahya pratibimbam dheenini daaniki" "bahya" "gaa pariganistundi, daani nundi adhi tirigi vastundi". anduvalla, daaniki sambandhinchinadi ikapai tananu taanu nilabette charya kaadu, conny nilabette daani yokka nirdishta "nischayaatmakata", endukante idhi mariyu maredi modati sthaanamlo daani baahyatanu sthaapinchadu.
bahya pratibimbam gurinchi thana bhaavanatho poolchadaaniki hegel cont yokka "pratibimbimchae teerpu" nuu andinchaadu, idhi teerpu yokka vimarsalo, ventane icchina "vivaralu" venuka unna "viswajaneenamaina" vishayalanu nirnayinche manassu yokka adhyapakuluga varninchabadindi. eee charya bahya pratibimbam maadirigaane untundi, keelakamaina vyatyaasamtho, hegel kosam, saarvatrikam kevalam nirdishtamaina daani venuka "venuka" undadu, conny daani nundi pratyekamainadaanni "utpatti chestundi" mariyu adhe vidhamgaa nirdishtamaina daani swantha nijamaina "saaraamsam". kanth yokka teerpu panichese takshana vishayam, vaastavaaniki, daani samanamga shoonyamaina saarvatrika, saraamsaanni utpatti cheyadaaniki matrame pratibimbam dwara unchabadina "shoonyata".
pratibimbimchae sthithitho, bhaavinchina bhrama anedi saaraamsam yokka madhyavartitvaaniki oka sadhanam matrame. ippudu, sii) "pratibimbam nirnayinchadam" thoo, bhrama yokka kshanam mallee mundumaatalo undatame kakunda, dheeni yokka nirdishta nirnayaalu kooda amaluloki vastaayi. saaraamsam yokka sampoorna shoonyata anedi tananu taanu pratibimbimchadaaniki enchukunna anni nirnayaalaku nepathyaanni yerparustundi. pratibimbam yokka eee nirnayaalu-gatamlo avi naanhyata rangamlo unnappudu nirnayinche jeevulu anie piluvabadevi (paina chudandi)-anduvalla vaatini addukune shoonyathalo panchukuntaayi. eee shoonyata vaastavaaniki vaatini vaari nirdishta nirnayamlo saasvatamgaa parishkarinchadaaniki mariyu maarpu nundi rakshinchadaaniki upayogapadutundi, endukante avi ikapai okadaanitoe okati baahyamgaa sambandham kaligi undavu, conny "antargatamgaa" saaraamsam yokka shoonyataku samanamga untundi. okadaanini marokati aakarshinchakundaa ledhaa tippikottakunda shoonyathalo telutunna uchita "nityaavasaraalu" gaa uniki yokka anni saadhyamaina nirnayaalu saaraamsamlo pratikuulamgaa samrakshinchabadataayi."
nityaavasaraalu.
eah. gurtimpu.
paina perkonna vidhamgaa, uniki yokka rangamlo, lakshanaalu "saapekshamgaa" matrame nirnayinchabaddaayi. edainaa "antey", adhi "kaadu" nundi vaeru chesina daani dwara puurtigaa nirnayinchabadutundi, antey.ii., idhi daani marokati dwara "pratikuulamgaa" nirnayinchabadindi. ayithe ikkada saaraamsamlo, nischayaanni sthaapinchadaaniki avasaramaina pratikuulata ikapai bayati vaipu, maroka vaipu kakunda "antargatamgaa" untundi. endukante saaraamsam anedi "sampoorna pratikuulata", shoonyata, mariyu daanilo chesina yea nirnayam ayina eee pratikuulataloe bhagaswamy avtundani mariyu adhi tappanisarigaa aemee kaadani anusaristundi. anduvalla, oka naanhyataku viruddhamgaa, oka "aavasyakata" anedi tappanisarigaa daani itara naanhyathatho samanamga untundi-avi rendoo tappanisarigaa aemee kaavu. sweeya-nirnayaatmakamainadigaa, yea nirnayaatmaka saaraamsam ayina swechchagaa sweeya-srushtinchabadutundi, adhi "adhe", alaage saralamainadi "thanatho thana gurtimpu". eee sampoorna gurtimpu saraamsaanni daani aavasyakatalato ekam chese "sampoorna" pratikuulatapai aadharapadi untundi. ayithe, paina perkonna "pratibimbam" nundi manam gurthuchesukunte, saaraamsam kooda daani aavasyakatalaku pratikuulamgaa "saapekshamgaa" untundi. aavasyakatalu "nirnayinchabadina" saaraamsam mariyu manaku telisinatlugaa, nirvachanam prakaram nirnayamlo niraakarana untundi. anduvalla, vaati bhaagaswaamya shoonyata, vaati "sampoorna" pratikuulataloe aavasyakatalu puurtigaa okela unnappatikee, avi vaati nirnayaalalo, vaati "saapeksha" pratikuulataloe samanamga "puurtigaa bhinnamgaa" untaayi.
ikkada hegel shaastreeya tarkam yokka atyanta praathamika oohalalo okataina gurtimpu chattam, saadhaaranamgaa a = a gaa vyakteekarinchabadutundi. eee pratipaadana yokka takshana satyaanni uparitalamgaa khandinchalenappatiki, marinta pratibimbam daani nundi sampoornamainademee pondalemani velladistundi. endukante a anedi nott-a nundi "bhinnamgaa" unnanta varaku matrame idhi tatkalikamga nijaanni kaligi untundi. gurtimpu yokka chattam, dheeni uddesyam gurtimpu mariyu vyatyaasam madhya sampoorna vyatyaasaanni geeyadam, anduvalla daanilo antarleenamgaa avasaramaina kshanamgaa vyatyaasaanni kaligi untundi. adhi praatinidhyam vahinchadaaniki uddesinchina sampoorna satyam yokka korata anubhaavikamgaa vartimpajesinappudu chaalaa spashtamgaa telustundi. "unte... mokka antey emiti?'oka mokka antey-oka mokka' anae samadhanam ivvabadindi, atuvanti prakatana yokka satyaanni pareekshinchina mottam company okesari angeekaristundi, adhe samayamlo prakatana "aemee ledhu" anie samanamga ekagreevamgaa prakatinchabadutundi."
bii. thedaa.
pratibimbam yokka vyatyaasaanni nirnayaatmaka jeevi yokka itaratvam nundi vaeru cheyali. rendodi rendu nirnayaatmaka jeevula madhya saapeksha sambandham, tadwara avi okadaanikokati vaeru chestaayi mariyu eee vyatyaasam aadhaaramgaa tamanu taamu nirdishta jeevulugaa nirnayinchukuntaayi. ayithe, pratibimbam rangamlo, saaraamsam dwara "unchabadina" edainaa nirnayam, "oka nirnayam, daani saaraamsam ayina sampoorna pratikuulataku bhinnamgaa untundi. anduvalla, pratibimbam yokka vyatyaasam daani "sweeya" kuu sambandhinchi bhinnamgaa untundi, kabatti idhi saapekshamgaa kaadu conny a) "sampoorna vyatyaasam".
sampoorna vyatyaasam anedi vyatyaasam mariyu "daanilooni gurtimpu" kshanaluga "rendintinee kaligi untundi, dheeniki viruddhamgaa, gurtimpu anedi" daani "kshanaluga mariyu vyatyaasaanni kaligi untundi. gurtimpu mariyu vyatyaasam madhya sambandham oka padam yokka roopaanni teesukuntundi, idhi marokati tirigi tanalo pratibimbistumdih gurtimpu yokka vyatyaasam tirigi tanalo ledhaa gurtimpu yokka vyatyaasam tirigi tanalo taanu pratibimbistumdi. "idhi pratibimbam yokka mukhyamaina swabhaavamgaa mariyu" "anni karyakalapalu mariyu sweeya-kadalikalaku nirdishta, asalu aadharam" "gaa pariganinchabadutundi"."eee rendu kshanaalu eee vidhamgaa sweeya-sambandham kaligi unnanduna, avi okadaanikokati" "parasparam nirnayinchavu". badulugaa, vaaru okarinokaru pattinchukoru. anduvalla, vyatyaasam bii) "vaividhyam".
eee samayamlo maroe dvandvatvam udbhavistundi. "kshanaluga", gurtimpu mariyu vyatyaasam okadaanikokati avasaram mariyu okadaanitoe okati mudipadi untayih oka padam marokati lekunda undakapovachhu. conny adhe samayamlo, vaaru okarinokaru puurtigaa "tiraskaristaaru" mariyu okarinokaru parasparam tiraskarinchadam valla "assalu" matrame. kabatti manam oka nirdishta gurtimpu nirnayaaniki sambandhinchina bahya party ayithe, eee gurtimpu yokka vaastavaaniki antargatamainappatiki, vyatyaasam yokka kshanam mana manassulaku chaalaa dhooramgaa untundi. idhi itara vishayaala nundi bhinnamgaa undani manaku ledhaa prastutaaniki aandolana kaliginchaduh idhi "avyaktamainadi". ayithe, gurtimpu yokka vargam, adhi deniki vartimpajeyabadindo daani dwara "nirnayinchabadadu", conny daani pratibimbam dwara tirigi daanilo unna vyatyaasaanni batti nirnayinchabadutundi. kabatti, mana bahya drukkonam nundi, edainaa "gurtimpu" kaligi unnadaanni "poolika" nuu vaerae daanitoe polchakunda sthaapinchalemu. adevidhamgaa edainaa daani gurinchi pratyaekamgaa "bhinnamgaa" unnadaanni daaniki mariyu maredainaa madhya "ananukuulata" poolika dwara matrame nirnayinchavacchu. vaaru soochinche vishayaalaku baahyamgaa undatam, prati okkati oke nirnayaaniki samanamga vartinchavachhu. vishayalu okadaanikokati bhinnamgaa lenanduna okadaanikokati pooli untaayi mariyu dheeniki viruddhamgaah rendu padaalu oke vishayanni suchinchetappudu parasparam pratyekamainavi, conny "tamalo taamu", avi soochinche vishayalu kakunda, vaati madhya etuvanti vyatyaasam ledhu. edainaa rendu vishayaala saaruupyata mariyu asamaanatanu pradarsinchadaaniki edainaa amsaanni baahyamgaa enchukovachhu kabatti, eee padaalu nijamgaa vaati vastuvulanu matrame suuchistaayi, antargatamgaa kaadu, conny "tamanu taamu" matrame suuchistaayi mariyu adevidhamgaa sweeya-suuchimchinatlugaa, vaati vastuvula nundi swatantramgaa okadaanikokati vaeru cheyalevu. poolika mariyu saaruupyata rendoo vaastavaaniki "poolika" matrame. kevalam bayati pariseelakudiki antarleenamgaa unde gurtimpu mariyu vyatyaasam madhya unna "antargata" union, anduvalla poolika mariyu asamaanatala madhya bahya pratibimbamlo mallee udbhavistundi, tadwara gurtimpu mariyu vyatyaasaanni okadaanikokati bhinnamgaa kaligi unna "bahya" vaividhyaanni adhigamistundi. eee vidhamgaa vaividhyam nundi vachhe eee punarnirminchina aikyata sii) "vyatiraekata".
spashtamaina paraspara udaaseenata unnappatikee gurtimpu mariyu vyatyaasam yokka rendu kshanaalanu okadaanitoe okati bandhinche daachina, antargata aikyata, vaaru poolika mariyu asamaanatala dwara bayati nundi madhyavartitvam chesina tarvaata spashtamgaa telustundi. vaaru ikapai okarinokaru udaaseenata chuuparu, conny okaritho okaru antargatamgaa vyatiraekamgaa sambandham kaligi untaaru. icchina nirnayam, daani "saanukuula" konam nundi chuusinatlugaa, poolika anedi asamaanatvam nundi tirigi pratibimbistumdi. daani "pratikuula" konam nundi choosthe, idhi poolika nundi tirigi pratibimbimchae asamaanatvam. ayithe, eee rendu amsaalu oke mottam nirnayaaniki raajyaangaparamaina kshanaalu. mottamgaa", saanukuula mariyu pratikuulata ekatvaanni kaligi unnappatikee, saanukuula "daani swantha" kooda swayam-jeevanaadhaaram, alaage pratikuula "daani swantha". eee kaaranamgaa, pratikuulatanu sanukoolamgaa mariyu dheeniki viruddhamgaa samanamga pariganinchavacchu. avi kevalam okadaanitoe okati polchinappudu sanukoolamgaa mariyu pratikuulamgaa undavu, conny prati okkati daani swantha nirnayamlo mukhyamaina amsamgaa marokati kaligi untundi.
sii. vairudhyam.
saanukuula mariyu pratikuula rendoo sweeya-sthiramaina nirnayaale prati paksham marokadaaniki spashtamaina suuchana lekunda daani swantadaanipai nilabadagaladu. ayithe, adhe samayamlo, vaaru okarinokaru puurtigaa minahayinchukuntaru mariyu vaastavaaniki vaari swayam-jeevanaadhaaram kosam eee minahaayimpupai aadhaarapadataaru. aaa konamlo, saanukuulata anedi adhi minahaayinchina chaalaa pratikuulatatoe erpadutundi; idhi eee minahaayimpupai "aadharapadi" untundi mariyu anduvalla adhi daanini minahaayinche vaatini kaligi untundi. pratikuulamgaa kooda. minahaayinchabadina vaatini cherchadam valla saanukuula mariyu pratikuula amsaalu elaa untayo adhe erpadutundi. idhi "vairudhyam". (pratikuulamgaa, eee sweeya-vairudhyam spashtamgaa untundi, conny idhi saanukuula swabhaavam kante takkuva kaadu.)
kabatti, paina unnatle, saanukuula mariyu pratikuulata ventane okadaanni marokadaaniki marustaih saanukuula "anedi" pratikuulatanu kaligi untundi, idhi saanukuulatanu ventane "minahaayistundi"; phalitamgaa pratikuulata ayithe "saanukuulatanu kaligi untundi, idhi pratikuulatanu" minahaayistundi "mariyu modalainavi" anantam ". eee paraspara cherika mariyu minahaayimpu rendintinee raddu chestundi. idhi shoonyataku daariteestundi. eee shoonyata nundi, rendu vaipula aikyata eee krindi vidhamgaa punaruddharinchabadutundi. paina paerkonnatlugaa, saanukuula mariyu pratikuula rendoo tamantata taamugaa swayam-jeevanaadhaaram kaligi untaayi, conny idhi oka swayam-jeevanaadhaaram, idhi marokariche ventane tudichipettukupotundi. ayithe, ippudu vaari paraspara vinaasanam nundi utpannamayye swayam-jeevanaadhaaram vaariddarikee ummadigaa untundi. kevalam okadaanikokati minahaayinchadaaniki badulugaa, prati vaipu marokati "sublets" chestundi, antey sanukoolamgaa unchabadinadi "adhe samayamlo" daani pratikuulaaniki samanamga pratikuulamgaa untundi, mariyu pratikuulamgaa unnadi "adhe samayamlo" samanamga sanukoolamgaa untundi. rendu vaipula ekakaalamlo okarinokaru sanukoolamgaa mariyu vyatiraekistaaru, mariyu alaa cheyadamlo vaaru ikapai okarinokaru naasanam chesukoleru, conny okarinokaru "samrakshinchukuntaaru". anduvalla, saanukuula mariyu pratikuula amsaalu vaastavaaniki "okate" mariyu idhi, vaati saaruupyata-ayinappatikee vaati vairudhyaanni kaligi untundi-idhi "aadharam" gaa vaati saaraamsam.
naela.
saralamgaa cheppalante "saaraamsam yokka saaraamsam", idhi hegelku athani antologylo atyalpa, vistrutamaina sthaayi anie ardham, endukante bhoomi praathamikamgaa athani vyavasthaku maddatu istundi. udaaharanaku, aaa ground anedi "dheeni nundi drugvishayaanni ardham chesukobadutundi" anie hegel chepparu."bhoomi lopala hegel roopam, padaartham, saaraamsam, vishayam, sambandham mariyu paristhiti vanti vaastavikata yokka praathamika bhaagaalanu okachota cherchindi. eee amsaalu, sarigga condition cheyabadi, chivariki oka vaastavaanni elaa unikiloki teesukuvastaayo vivarinchadam dwara eee adhyayam mugustundi (unikipai tadupari adhyaayaaniki oka bhaagam).
hegel roopaanni "sampoorna bhoomi" yokka kendra binduvugaa pariganistaadu, aaa roopam "puurti chesina mottam pratibimbam" anie cheppadu."bhagaluga vibhajinchabadina, saaraamsamtoe kalisi teesukunna roopam manaku" "ground relation kosam oka uparitalam" "istundi (hegel antey pakshika-saarvatrika konamlo sambandham anie ardham)". manam roopaanni padaarthamthoo kalipinappudu phalitam "nirneeta padaartham" avutundi."padaartham" "chudalemu" "anie hegel bhavistaduh oka nirdishta roopam nundi utpannamayye padaartham yokka nirdhaarana matrame chudavachu". anduvalla padaarthaanni chuudataaniki ekaika maargam padaarthaanni roopamtho kalapadam. chivaraga, vishayamu anedi roopam mariyu padaartham yokka ekatvam. content antey manam grahinchedi.
"nirnayinchabadina naela" "adhikaarika naela", "nijamaina naela" mariyu "" puurti naela "" kaligi untundi "."manam deeninainaa nirnayaatmakamainadigaa vargeekarinchinappudu, manam sampoorna sangrahaalanu soochinchadam ledani (sampoorna ground loe, paina unnatlugaa) gurthunchukondi, conny ippudu (nirnayaatmaka groundtho) konni chararaasulaku jodinchina konni viluvalu unnaayi-ledhaa daanini hegel paribhaashalo unchadaaniki, ground ippudu" "nirnayaatmaka kantentto" "sthaanam mariyu utpannam cheyabadindi"."
adhikaarika praatipadikana, hegel konni drugvishayaala yokka kaarana vivaranalanu suuchistunnatlu telustondi, adhi emito chestundi. (asadhaaranamgaa) chadavagalige moodu paeraala vyaakhyalo, hegel adhikaarika aadhaaraala durviniyogaanni vimarsistuu, saastraalu praathamikamgaa khaalii swaraalapai nirminchabaddaayani paerkonnaadu. bhouthika saastraala nundi teesukunna aneka udaaharanalalo okatigaa kendrapagami shakti, hegel paerkonnaadu,
pradhana praatipadikagaa ivvavacchu (i.ii. "vivarana") konni drugvishayaalu, conny kendrapagami shakti dwara vivarinchabadina eee drugvishayam vaastavaaniki modati sthaanamlo kendrapagami saktini oohinchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundani vimarsanaatmaka pariseelanaloo manam taruvaata kanugonavacchu. hegel eee vidhamaina tarkaanni "mantragatte vruttam" gaa varninchaadu, dheenilo "drugvishayam mariyu faantamlu allarlu nirvahistaayi."
nijamaina naela baahyamainadi mariyu rendu uparitalaalato roopondinchabadindi, rendoo neerugaa kantentku vartistaayi (idhi spashtamgaa manam grahinchinatlu anipistundi). modatidi naela mariyu naela madhya sambandham mariyu rendava uparitalam vishayaala vaividhyaanni nirvahistundi. udaaharanaku, oka adhikari vividha kaaranaala valla oka padavini nirvahinchavacchu-tagina sambandhaalu, atuvanti sandarbhaalalo kanipinchadam modalainavi anie hegel chepparu. eee vividha amsaalu ayana padavini nirvahinchadaaniki aadharalu. modatidi padavini nirvahinchadam mariyu eee kaaranaala madhya sambandhaanni yerparachukodaniki, rendavadi vividha kaaranaalanu bandhinchadaaniki, antey.ii. kalisi, vibhinnamaina content. aaa vastuvu yokka baahyamaina anantamaina nirnayaalaku "talupu vistrutamgaa terichi undhi" anie hegel etthi chuupaaru (nijamaina bhoomi baahyamainadani gurthunchukondi). oka adhikari padavini nirvahinchadaaniki edainaa kaaranaalanu ivvavacchu.
puurti sthaayilo, hegel adhikaarika mariyu nijamaina maidaanaanni okachota cherchaadu, ippudu adhikaarika maidaanam nijamaina maidaanaanni oohistundani mariyu dheeniki viruddhamgaa anie cheppadu. puurti ground hegel "mottam ground-relation" anie chepparu."
aatmaasraya tarkam ledhaa bhavana yokka siddhaantam.
tarka shaastram" looni moodava pradhana bhaagamlo, hegel swachchamaina bhavanala gurinchi thana aalochananu parichayam chestaadu, dheenilo athanu cont yokka praathamika pranaalikalu teerpu mariyu silogism vargeekarananu vistaristaadu. nijamaina aalochana chellubaatu ayye tarkam mariyu nishpaakshikatapai matrame aadharapadi untundani hegel choopinchaadu. hagel oka sambhaavita vaastavikatanu dhruvikaristaadu, dheenilo swachchamaina bhavanalu yea rakamaina vaastava jeevulanaina aadhaaraparustaayi.

