pratyeka sarihaddu dalam

special frontier fores (sff) anedi 1962 november 14naa srushtinchabadina bharatiya pratyeka karyakalapala vibhagam. indulo pradhanamgaa bhaaratadesamlo nivasistunna tibeton saranaarthulu unnaaru. ippudu idhi parimaanam mariyu karyakalapala paridhini penchindi. dheeni praathamika lakshyam modata maroka saino-indian yuddham jariginappudu chainees linela venuka rahasya karyakalapalanu nirvahinchadam. 
daani charitra antataa, sff bangladesh vimukti yuddham mariyu cargle yuddhamtho sahaa bharatadesamloni pradhana bahya yuddhaalalo poraadaaru. idhi operation blue startho sahaa antargata bhadratalo kooda palgontondi mariyu 1975 nundi 1977 varaku atyavasara paristhiti samayamlo pratipaksha paarteelanu anachiveyadaaniki pradhana mantri indiraagaandhii yokka "vyaktigata shakti" gaa kooda panichesindi. idhi chainaku vyatiraekamgaa sarihaddu karyakalapalalo bhaagamgaa undhi, indulo 2020-2021 chaina-india gharshanalu kooda unnaayi.
uttarakhandloni chakrataalo unna eee dalam nigha vibhagam (aibi), taruvaata bhaarata videshee nigha samstha ayina parisoedhana mariyu vislaeshanha vibhagam (mudi) pratyaksha paryaveekshanhaloo unchabadindi, idhi bhaarata sainyamlo bhaagam kaadu, conny daani swantha rank nirmaanam, charter mariyu sikshanaa moulika sadupaayaalato vaari kaaryaacharana niyantranalo panichestundi. idhi bhaarata sainyam yokka pradhana general rank nundi empika cheyabadi, neerugaa pradhana mantri kaaryaalayaaniki nivedinche inspector general (sff) netrutvamloni cabinet sekrateriyatlo bhadratapai directorate general adhikaram krinda vastundi.
charitra.
british india puurvagaami.
tibetanlu aadhunika bhaarata sainyam unnanta kaalam andulo bhaagamgaa unnaaru. goppa aata samayamlo, british bhaarata sainyam tibetanlanu guudachaarulugaa, guudachaara agentluga mariyu uttara bhaaratadesamlo mariyu tibetlo rahasya miliciaga kooda niyaminchadam praarambhinchindi.
migilipoyayi aibi mariyu siato sikshana.
bhaarata swaatantryam samayamlo, bharatadesamloni uttara parvata praantaalu upakhandamlo atyanta vivikta mariyu vyuuhaatmakamgaa nirlakshyam cheyabadina bhoobhagamgaa migilipoyayi. migilipoyayi, american central intelligence agency (cia) mariyu indian intelligence beuro (aibi) nepaalloni mustanglo mustang sthaavaraanni sthaapinchaayi, ivi tibetanlaku gerilla yuddhamlo sikshana icchaayi. 1959 tibeton tirugubaatu samayamlo mustang tirugubaatudaarulu 14va dalai lamanu bharatadesaniki teesukuvacchaaru. tibetlo panichesina maajee siah adhikari zaan kennet naus sff erpaatuku aibi cheef bhola naath mulliknu ghanata icchaaru. newyork state universitylo charitra professor ayina tomm grunfeld prakaram, 12,000 mandhi tibetanlaku united states armi pratyeka dalaalu sikshana icchaayi mariyu paakshikamgaa united states federal prabhutvam nidhulu samakuurchindi. ayithe sff paie maaku ledhaa kendra tibeton paripalanaku etuvanti prabhavam ledhu.
nirmaanam.
chainaku vyatiraekamgaa bhaaratadesamlo tibeton saranaarthulu mariyu tibeton pratighatana yodhulatho kuudina pratyeka dalaanni erpaatu cheyalane aalochananu general keey. ess. timmaiah 1957 mae mariyu 1961 mae madhya bhaarata sainyaniki naayakatvam vahistunnappudu, saino-indian yuddha samayamlo mariyu 1962 chivarilo, aibi cheef bhola naath mullick mariyu rendava prapancha yuddham anubhavagnudaina biju patnaik teevramaina lobbying taruvaata, jawaharlal nehru prabhutvam chivaraku unnata commando unit mariyu pratyeka parvata vibhaganni erpaatu cheyaalani aadesinchindi.
sff yokka praadhamika pani peeples liberation armi (pla) ground fores kuu vyatiraekamgaa rakshanatho paatu chaina sarihaddu vembadi rahasya nigha sekarana mariyu commando karyakalapalanu nirvahinchadam. eee kotta unitloki khampalanu niyaminchadaaniki chushi gangdrook nayakulanu sampradinchaaru. dehradoon nagaraniki 100 kilometres dhooramlo unna chakrataaloni kotta parvata sikshanaa kendramlo niyaminchabadina 5000 mandhi purushulu, ekkuvagaa khampalu, prarambha balam. 
modati inspector general majer kaaranamgaa sainika mariyu nigha sanghamlo praarambhamlo 22va sthapanagaa piluvabadindi. zen. rendava prapancha yuddhamlo raayal indian artillery yokka 22va parvata regimentku naayakatvam vahinchina sujan singh uban. yuddha samayamlo uttara aafrikaalo suduura edaari samuuha dalaaniki (lrds) kooda uban naayakatvam vahinchaadu. himalaya parvatapraantaala diguvana unna parvata pattanam chakrataalo sff thana nivaasa sthalamgaa chesindi, ikkada pedda sankhyalo tibeton saranaarthulu nivasistunnaaru. 5, 000 mandhi sainikulatoe praarambhinchi, ess. eff. eff. rock climbing mariyu gerilla yuddhamlo aaru nelala sikshananu praarambhinchindi. intelligence beuro pratyeka karyakalapala vibhagam prarambha sikshananu nirvahinchindi. aarr & ev mariyu cia rendoo balagalanu penchadamlo sahayapaddayi.
adhe kaalamlo, bhaarata prabhutvam kooda idhe vidhamaina reetilo ladakh scouts mariyu nubra guards paramilitary dalaalanu erpaatu chesindi. chaalaa mandhi ess. ess. eff sabhyulu kooda gurka raifils nundi grahinchabaddaaru. sff taruvaata pratyeka sevala beurolo cherchabadindi. 1963 chivari natiki, antara-sevala satrutvam bhaarata sainyam teevra vimarsalaku daariteesindi. sff viluvanu niroopinchadaaniki, inspector general sff nundi 120 mandhi purushulanu sainyamtho kalisi "garuda" anae sankethanamamtho feeled vyaayaamaaniki pampaadu. eee vyayamam sffku natakeeyamgaa vijayavantamaindi mariyu sainyam ippudu balagalanu vimarsinchadaaniki takkuva moggu choopindi. ayithe tibetanlu saamuhikamgaa vidichipettadam vanti itara samasyalanu eee dalam edurkondi. sarihaddu vembadi tama praanaalanu panamgaa pettadam kante dabbu sampaadinchadaaniki akrama ravana chaalaa sulabhamaina margamani tibeton recruits kanugonnaru.
yuddham inspector general netrutvamloni sff, agraalo thana vaimanika sikshananu praarambhinchindi. aaa taruvaata sff thana sonta vaimanika sikshanaa karyakramanni sarsava vaimanika dhala sthaavaramlo praarambhinchindi. kaadu, 22va samsthanu vistarinchi, pratyeka sarihaddu dalamgaa paeru marcharu. marcharu aviation research center (aark) sahayamtho, sff airlift soukaryaalanu andinchindi mariyu pratyaekamaina parvata mariyu adavi yuddha vibhaagamto puurtigaa gaalilo prayaaninchadaaniki arhata pondindi.
siah maddatu mariyu pull-avt.
sff yokka aayudhaalanni us andinchinavi mariyu pradhanamgaa emm-1, emm-2 mariyu emm-3 sub-meshin ganlanu kaligi unnaayi. bhaarii aayudhalu andinchaledu. 1970la praarambhamlo pracchanna yuddha samayamlo, saino-soviet vibhajana mariyu mariyu richard nixon dwaipaakshika sambandhaanni meruguparachadaaniki chaina paryatanatho bhaaratadaesamtoe sambandhaalu debbatinnanduna america prabhutvam sikshana karyakramam nundi sianu upasamharinchukundi. eee vibhagam vibhagam himalayalani nandadevi parvatam meeda parimita sarihaddu nigha karyakalapalanu nirvahinchadamtho paatu ciatho atyanta vargeekarinchina ummadi karyakalapalanu nirvahinchindi.
betalianlu mariyu kuurpu.
sfflo 1 vikas, 2 vikas, 3 vikas, 5 vikas, 6 vikas, 7 vikas anie piluvabade mottam aaru betalianlu unnaayi. prati betalianlo sumaru 800 mandhi sainikulu untaaru. aaru betalianlaku kalnal hodaalo unna bhaarata sainika adhikarulu naayakatvam vahistaaru. kaneesam maroe aiduguru bhaarata sainika adhikarulu oka betalianlo unnaaru. sff adhikaaramlo inspector general (sff), majer general rank adhikari untaaru. pratyeka samuuham, ledhaa 4 vikaaslu, r & aw kinda pratyeka aadesaala golusu krinda panicheestaayi. chaaritraatmakamgaa, 1960la chivari natiki, sff paripalana prayojanaala kosam aaru betalianluga vyavastheekarinchabadindi. gatamlo, aaru companylatho kuudina prati betalianku bhaarata sainyamlo leftinent kalnal kuu samaanamaina ryaanku kaligina tibeton naayakatvam vahinchaevaaru. prati companyki tibeton majer ledhaa kepten naayakatvam vahistaaru, idhi karyakalapalalo upayoginche praadhamika unit. 1980la taruvaata, tibetanlaku bhaarata sainyam kameeshanlu ichhe paddhati nilipiveyabadindi.
jaathi paramgaa, eee vibhagam nepaul nundi vacchina tibetanlu mariyu gurkhala misramam. bhaaratadesamlo taggutunna tibeton janabha nundi tibeton sainikulanu niyamistaaru, idhi idhi 2018loe undhi. tibetanla janabha taggadam valla sfflo cherutunna tibetanla pravaham mandaginchindi, idhi marinta jaathi mishrama vibhaagaaniki daariteesindi. 1965 nundi sffku gurkhalu niyaminchabaddaaru. tibetanlu prastutam sainikuluga mariyu commission kaani adhikaruluga panicheestunnaaru mariyu gatamlo vaariki officer kameeshanlu ivvabaddaayi. pratyeka kaaryakalaapaalaku, alaage signal mariyu vaidya samsthalalo kooda mahilalanu niyamistaaru.
ryaankulanu.
pratyeka sarihaddu dalam itara bhaarata paramilitary samsthala nundi bhinnamgaa sainika rank chihna vyavasthanu kaligi undhi.
operations.
pradhanamgaa indo-chaina sarihaddu vembadi rahasya karyakalapalanu drushtilo unchukuni sffnu penchaaru; ayithe, sffnu aarr & ev mariyu bhaarata prabhutvam vividha rahasya mariyu bahiranga operation theatres nilabettayi. deputy leader tenzin norbunu assam regiment nundi praadaesika sainyam yokka 119 padaatidala betalian maranaanantaram satkarinchindi mariyu siachin himaaneenadamlo ayana chesina sevalaku gaanu pradhana mantri narendra mody santakam chesina bhaarata prabhutvam nundi oka smaaraka chihnanni pradaanam chesindi.
pakistan.
1971 indo-pakistan yuddham.
bangladesh vimukti yuddha samayamlo sff pradhana poraata karyakalapalalo bhaagamgaa undedi. 1971 eprillo, thoorpu command operation instruction instruction praarambhinchindi. sff asaadhaaranamaina yuddhanni nirvahinchadam, vimukti udyamaaniki maddatugaa thoorpu pakistan prajalanu sameekarinchadam mariyu pakistan sainyam yokka logistics saamarthyaanni debbateeyadam vanti panulanu appaginchaaru. 1971 aktobaru chivari nundi november varaku, dalamlooni bhaagaalanu mizoranku pampaaru. chittagang konda praantaala vembadi bhaarata sainika vyavasthalaku maddatugaa mundastu samme nirvahinchadaaniki mariyu mujib baahini anae sthaanika bhoogarbha vibhaagaaniki sikshana ivvadaaniki sff task fores nundi sumaru 3,000 mandhi sabhyulanu moharinchaaru. 
sarihaddu daallu marinta tarachugaa kaavadamtho, chittagang konda praantaalapai daadi cheyaalani sffnu aadesinchaaru. bangladesh dandayaatraku operation mountain eegil anie paeru pettaru, mariyu sff sabhyulaku bulgarian bulgarian mariyu us-nirmita carbinelu ivvabaddaayi. eee operationlo modati doppon, brigediyarku samaanamaina tibeton, sff task forcelo kontha bhaagaaniki naayakatvam vahinchindi.
yuddham sameepinchadamtho, sff kaptoy anakatta mariyu vyuuhaatmaka viluva kaligina itara vantenala vidhvamsamtho sahaa aneka mission pranaalikalanu vijayavantamgaa amalu chesindi. rendava atipedda nagaramaina chittagangnu swaadheenam chesukovadaniki sffnu upayoginchaalani inspector general koraru, ayithe kotta dhilleelooni sainika pranaalikadaarula madhya eee aalochanaku maddatu labhinchaledu, endukante eee unitku phirangi maddatu mariyu antha pedda lakshyanni nirvahinchadaaniki airlift saamarthyaalu laevu. moodu vaaraala sarihaddu poraatam taruvaata, sff thana aaru betalianlanu moodu vibhagaluga vibhajinchi, 3 december 1971naa thoorpu paakistaanloki vellindi. tibetanlaku mortarlu, recoil laeni raifils mariyu bhaarata vaimanika dalaaniki chendina rendu mail mail-4 helicopterlu ivvabaddaayi, mariyu chittagang konda praantaalalo aneka gramalanu swaadheenam chesukunnayi. balasorloni aviation research center (aark) dwara vaayu-karyakalapalu nirvahinchabaddaayi.
1971 november 14 raatri chittagang konda praantaala adavulalo, pakistan sainyam yokka pratyeka seva brundamtho jarigina kaalpullo operation mountain eegil samayamlo brigadier dhondap gatotsang maraninchaaru. dhaakaa mariyu leftinent general eah pathanamtho.eah.keey. niyaji 1971 december 16naa longipoyi, sff 49 mandhi purushulanu kolpoyindi mariyu daadaapu 190 mandhi gayapaddaru. sff taruvaata 2va phirangi dalam, 1va betalian 3va gorkha raifils, 11va betalian beehar regimentlatho kuudina samudrayaana yaatra task forcelo cherindi, ivi thoorpu pakistan dalaalu barmaloki tappinchukune marganni nirodhinchagaligaayi. vaaru pakistan yokka 97va swatantra brigade mariyu 2va commando betalian sabhyulanu kooda chittagang konda praantaalalo nilipivesaaru. vaari dhairyam mariyu dhairyaniki gaanu, 580 mandhi sff task fores sabhyulaku kendra prabhutvam nagadu bahumatulu pradaanam chesindi. vaari vegavantamaina rahasya saamarthyaalu eee saktiki "chittagang yokka faantamlu" anae maaruperunu tecchipettaayi.
cargle yuddham.
sff cargle yuddhamlo paalgondi, dheeniki pradhana mantri atal bihari vajpeyi nundi unit prasamsaapatraanni andukundi.
chaina.
pracchanna yuddham.
yuddham, chaina ginziangloni thana lope ledhaa anhu sthaavaramlo anhu aayudhanni pareekshinchadaaniki siddhamavutondani nigha nivedikalu suuchistuunae unnaayi. 1964 aktobaru 16naa chaina ginzianglo anhu aayudhanni pareekshinchindi. idhi oohinchabadindi, conny taginanta vivaralu teliyaledu. taruvaata 1964 navambarulo, orissaalooni aviation research center (aark) yokka charbatia vaimanika sthaavaram nundi cia cia vimananni praarambhinchindi, conny adhi tirigi ravadam oka pramaadakara sanghatanagaa maarindi. lockheed yuu-2 ranvenu adhigaminchi varshakalamlo bhaarii varshaala kaaranamgaa burada maidaanamlo chikkukundi. bharatiya patrikalu gamaninchakundaa daanini bharatadesam nundi bayataku teesukuraavadam, appudu vamapaksha prabhaavaalaku marinta lobadi, anduvalla americaku vyatiraekata, maroka rahasya operation. idhi aandolana chendutunna vaarandarinii chaalaa bhayapettindi mariyu itara saanketika margalapai aadhaarapadaalani nirnayinchaaru.
anduvalla aarr & ev thoo paatu electronic intelligence (ellint) operation praarambhinchaalani, chaina anhu pareekshalanu track cheyaalani, daani kshipani prayogaalanu paryaveekshinchaalani cia nirnayinchindi. eee operation, nandaa deevi parvataaroohana yaatra musugulo, pramukha bharatiya parvataaroohakudu ms kohli, sff mariyu siah (mukhyamgaa zim raine, oka anubhavagnudaina stole pailat) kaaryakartalato kalisi, plutonium byaatareetho nadiche shaashwata ellint parikaranni, chaina nirvahinchina bhavishyat anhu pareekshalapai daetaanu gurtinchi nivedinchagala transsivernu unchadam jarigindi. goodacharya parikaranni vyavasthaapinchae pranaalika chaalaa dhooramlo washington, dii. loe roopondinchabadindi.sii., jaateeya bhougolika samajam karyalayalalo. eee patrikalo photographer ayina baarii bishop, eee aalochanapai america vaimanika dalaaniki chendina general curtis leme aasakti kanabaricharu.
anhu snap snap power pyaak fuel sell dwara saktinicche shaashwata ellint parikaranni unchadaaniki vaastava prayatnaalu pilupunichaayi. parvataaroohana yaatra musugulo unna kohli netrutvamloni sff brundam eee parikaranni nandadevipai unchadaaniki chesina modati prayatnam viphalamaindi, endukante pratikuula paristhitula nepathyamlo brundam venakki taggavalasi vachindi mariyu 25,645 adugula sikharaaniki konchem dhooramlo unna parikaranni laagina taruvaata parikaranni oka chinna gurtinchabadani parvata guhalo vadilivesindi. aaa parikaranni tirigi pondadaaniki marusati samvatsaram kohli netrutvamloni maroka yaatra tirigi vachinappudu, adhi kanipinchakundaa poyindi. intalo chaina anvaayudhaalanu matrame kakunda, kramam tappakunda balistic kshipanulanu kooda pareekshistuunae undhi. samacharanni sekarinche aavasyakata ennadoo antagaa undedi kaadu.
kaadu nandakote meeda ilanti parikaranni unchadaaniki maroka mission praarambhinchabadindi. eee mission vijayavantamaindi, conny konni samvatsaraala taruvaata maroka samasya talettindihi antennapy manchu kuppakuulipooyi daanini andhatvaaniki gurichestundi. kabatti daanini krindiki teesukuraavadaaniki kohli mariyu oka sff brundaanni marosari pampaaru; esaari vaaru daanini vijayavantamgaa tirigi pondaaru. 1967 octoberulo chaineeyulu 6000 mailla dhooramlo unna lakshyalanu cherukogala icbmunu pareekshinchadam praarambhinchaaru. marinta telusukovadaaniki kotta aavasyakata erpadindi. kabatti sff parvataaroohakulu december december chaina-niyantrita praantaalalo teliyani parvatam meeda gyaas-saktitoe nadiche parikaranni vijayavantamgaa unchadaaniki maroe missionku bayaludaeraaru. ayithe, marusati samvatsaram natiki, US rakshana maddatu karyakramam kinda modati taram TRW nigha upagrahaalanu kaligi undhi mariyu paatha ellint parikaraalapai aadhaarapadavalasina avasaram ledhu.
2020-2021 chaina-india gharshanalu.
plaa westran theatre command ground fores dalaalatoe gharshana samayamlo, bhaarata sainyam uttara command operation manchu chirutanu praarambhinchindi. core brundaanni erpaatu chesina sff, dakshina pangang tso shreniloni ettulanu swaadheenam chesukovadamto sahaa rejang laa looni gurung konda chuttoo bhaarata sainyamtho kalisi samyukta operation nirvahinchinatlu nivedinchabadindi. maroka sanghatanalo, bhaarata sainyam yokka adhikaarika prakatana ilaa undih "bhaarata dalaalu pangang tso yokka dakshina odduna eee pla karyakalapalanu mundugaane nilipivesaayi, maa sthaanaalanu balopetam cheyadaaniki mariyu ekapakshamgaa vaastavaalanu maarchaalane chaina uddeshaalanu addukovadaniki charyalu chepattaayi". eee operation samayamlo, 2020 september 1naa, company leader nima tenzin vaastava niyantrana rekha venta nigha missionu chepattetappudu land maine paeluduloe maraninchaadu. 26 janavari 2021naa, tsering norbuku athani sahakaram mariyu operation manchu chirutanu vijayavantamgaa amalu chesinanduku "pampina vaatilo prastaavana" labhinchindi.

