
ine makkalman

ine dunken makkalman aavo fraas fassa faha (jananam 6 november 1947) oka australian charitrakaarudu, saamaajika shaastravetta, vidyavetta mariyu sidney vishwavidhyaalayamlo maajee parisoedhanaa professor, alaage pramukha bahula vibhaga paryaavarana parisoedhakudu. charitralo thana vishwavidyaalaya degreelanu puurti cheyadaaniki australiaku velladaaniki mundu makkalman nassaland (prastuta malavi) loe janminchi perigaadu. athanu paddenimidava sataabdam mariyu pantommidava prarambha british mariyu european saamskrutika charitralo nipunudu.
makkalman yokka parisoedhanaa aasaktulalo paryaavaranavaadam mariyu paryaavarana charitra, takkuva mariyu prajaadarana pondina samskruti charitra, vignaana shaastram yokka charitra mariyu charitra, mukhyamgaa charitralo bhavodveganiki sambandhinchi mariyu chaaritraka punarnirmaanaala paatra unnaayi. athanu 2001 nundi 2004 varaku maanaveeya saastraala akaadameeki adhyakshudiga, 2013 nundi 2018 varaku sidney environmental institute saha vyavasthaapakudu mariyu saha-directorga kooda panicheesaaru. mccallman 2007loe arder off australia (eoo) adhikariga niyaminchabaddaaru.
prarambha jeevitam mariyu vidya.
makkalman 1947 november 6naa maajee british rakshita niyasalandlo janminchaadu. athanu mariyu athani sodari boer yuddham taruvaata aafrikaalo migilipoyina australianla nundi vacchaaru. makkalman tandri valasarajyala nyasalandlo british poura sevakudigaa panicheesaaru. aafrikaaloni valasa vyavasthalo bhaagamgaa makkalman thana balyanni pratibimbimchaaduh "[naa tandri] ellappuduu european valasavaadulu samrakshakulu, yajamaanulu kaadani, mariyu memu oka roeju vellavalasi untundani maaku chepparu. idhi nijamgaa naa sodarini, nannu chiraaku pettindi. africa mana nivaasam. conny athanu eppuduu aastini konugolu cheyaledu, mammalni vidichipettadaaniki ellappuduu siddham chesaadu.
1965loe, australian charitrakaarudu manning clark esi (1915-1991) aadhvaryamlo australian national university (anu) loe charitralo gowravaalatho bachelor off arts adhyayanam cheyadaaniki makkalman conberracku valasa vacchaaru. emm. keey. ell. emm. thana doctorate kosam monash vishwavidhyaalayaaniki vellae mundu anu vadda thana masters degreeni kooda puurti chesaadu.
vrutti.
australian national universitylo thana masters thesis vraastuu, mccallman 1972 nundi sidneylooni macwary vishwavidhyaalayamlo bodhakudigaa panicheesaaru. ikkade athanu aadhunika charitranu bodhinchadam praarambhinchaadu mariyu thana guruvu mariyu thoti charitrakaarudu jill roow oo fassa (1940-2017) nuu modatisaari kalusukunnadu. 1994 natiki, makkalman tananu taanu oka gurtinchadagina upadhyayudiga sthaapinchukunnaadu mariyu anu vadda bodhana shreshtataku prarambha vais-chhaansalar avaardunu andukunnadu. 
2001 nundi 2004 varaku panichesina australian academy off humanities adhyakshudiga ennikaina taruvaata, australialo humanities mariyu sahaja saastraala madhya asamaanatalanu parishkarinche disagaa makkalman thana agendaanu kendrikarincharu. eee lakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki chesina pradhana pratipaadana "cross-disciplinary pottulanu yerparachukovadam dwara srujanaatmakata mariyu aavishkaranalanu pempondinchaalsina avasaranni nokki cheppadam". ituvanti antar-kramasikshanaa vidhaanaaniki oka udaaharana "prabhutvaalu kotta saanketika parignaanaanni avalambinchadaaniki prayatninchinappudu saamaajika mariyu saamskrutika kaarakaalanu parishkarinchadam".
media prajectulalo aneka consulting ledhaa athidhi padavulanu nirvahinchinanduna vidyaavettagaa makkalman yokka sahakaram akaadameeki minchi vistarinchindi. atuvanti udaaharanalo "maanavatvaanni marchina pustakaalu" anae paerutoe ebisi radeo jaateeya vibhagam undhi, idhi charless darwin yokka 1859 pustakam "jaatula muulaalapai" charchistundi. 2009 documentary, "darvins brave nyuu varald" kuu salahadaruga mariyu presenterga kooda mccallman ghanata pondaadu, idhi charles darwin yokka parinaamampai pani charchatho paatu chaaritraka punah-chattalanu kaligi undhi. adanamgaa, mccallman aneka prabhutva prajectulaku, mukhyamgaa vidya mariyu paryaavarana paddhatulaku sambandhinchi todpadindi. atuvanti sahakaram okati parisrama, aavishkarana, vignaana shaastram mariyu parisoedhana vibhagam nundi sphuurtidaayakamaina australia nivedikaku, idhi jaateeya samstha nundi vignaana saastraalalo parisoedhanalanu ekikrutam chesi samanvayam cheyadaanni lakshyamgaa pettukundi.
avaardulu.
2001loe, mccallman kuu "charitra adhyayanamlo australian samaajaaniki mariyu maanaveeya saastraalaku [ayana] chesina sevaku" shatabdi patakaanni pradaanam chesaaru. tadanantaram, 2007loe, "charitraku mariyu maanava saastraalaku upadhyayudiga, parisoedhakudigaa mariyu rachayitagaa seva chesinanduku, mariyu vidya mariyu prabhutva ranga samsthalalo paripalana, nyaayavaada mariyu salaha paatrala dwara" queen yokka puttinaroju gourava jaabitaalo bhaagamgaa mccallmannu arder off australia adhikariga niyaminchaaru.
keelaka aalochanalu.
british mariyu european samskruti charitrakaarudu.
thana vrutti jeevitam praarambhamlo, mccallman thana pratyeka rangamlo vistrutamgaa rasaru pantommidava mariyu paddenimidava sataabdapu britton mariyu airopa saamskrutika charitra. eee amsampai ayana prachurinchina toli vidya rachanalalo okati 1980loe prachurinchabadindi mariyu pantommidava sataabdam praarambhamlo teevramaina saamaajika-raajakeeya udyamaalalo mahilala paatraku oka punarvimarsaatmaka chaaritraka vidhananni andinchindi. mukhyamgaa, makkalman "prajaadarana pondina radicalism loe stree prameyam saadhaaranamgaa nammina daanikante vistrutamainadi" anie kanugonnadu mariyu konni sandarbhaallo mahilaa radicals paatra kosam bhaavinchina "anubandha" lakshyalanu minchipoyindi. konni samvatsaraala taruvaata mccallman thana 1988 pustakam "radikal underworald profets, revolutionaries und pornographers inn london, 1795-1840" thoo paddenimidava sataabdam chivaralo mariyu pantommidava sataabdam praarambhamlo british samskruti mariyu radicalism patla thana aasaktini anveshinchadam konasaginchadu. pustaka gamanika mccullman yokka "shift" saamarthyam gurinchi konni sameekshalu... charitra yokka eee kaalamlo prajaadarana pondina radicalism yokka athi santrupta rangamlo vidya parisoedhana yokka [drushti] konam. adevidhamgaa, newyork nagara vishwavidhyaalayaaniki chendina professor anae humphries adhe pustakaanni sameekshinchi, parisoedhakudigaa mccallman naipunhyaalanu prasamsimchaaru, athanu eee amsampai "chaalaa modati-sthaayi detective pani chesadani" paerkonnaadu, conny "samasyaatmakamaina" mariyu athani muulaala yokka viruddhamaina vivaranala kosam atanni vimarsinchaadu.
charitra mariyu bhavodvega charitrakaarudu.
chaaritraka vidhanam nundi jeevita charitrala perugutunna adhyayanamlo keelaka swaram, charitra yokka vidyaaparamaina pradarsanaku pratyaamnaayaala anveshana makkalman yokka conferences-maarina pustakam, "jaateeya jeevita charitralu mariyu jaateeya gurtimpulu" loe undhi, indulo jeevita charitrala viluvaku sambandhinchina aneka vyasalu chattabaddhamaina chaaritraka aakrutigaa charchinchabaddaayi. eee pustakaaniki ayana parichayam vyasalalo rendu pradhana amsaalanu sangrahistundihi jaateeya jeevita charitralu kooda oka "vilakshanhamaina" amsaanni andistaayi... jaateeya paatra "mariyu jaateeya jeevita charitrala yokka chaaritraka chikkulu digital mediatho vaati anukuulatanu batti. jeevita charitralanu adhyayanam cheyadampai makkalman chesina krushi mariyu charitra adhyayanamlo daani viluvalo brian mathue yokka 2004 pustakam "paatakulu, rachayitalu, prachuranakartalu" loe oka adhyayam, alaage anu yokka unnata parisoedhanaa kendram kosam 2006 post graduate varkshaaplo "dwandwa jeevita charitrapai session" kooda unnaayi. makkalman praja charitraku kooda pratipaadakuduh charitraatmaka paatasaala, idhi charitra prachurananu formatlalo prothsahistundi mariyu vidyaavaettalu mariyu panditulaku viruddhamgaa saadhaarana prekshakulanu lakshyamgaa chesukuni rachanalu chestundi. 2003loe aaa vayassutho icchina interviewlo, makkalman ilaa paerkonnaadu, "prajaadarana pondina charitralu eee kathanu tirigi kanugonnayi, idhi charitraku kendramgaa undhi, ayinappatikee idhi chaalaa mandhi vidyaavaettalu icchina naipunhyam. memu daanini tirigi pondaalani neenu nammutunnaanu.
punahprarambhalu.
2000la praarambhamlo, mccallman yokka parisoedhanaa aasaktulu european mariyu british saamskrutika charitra nundi charitra mariyu gatha adhyayanamlo chaaritraka punar-chattaala viluva varaku kendrikrutamayyayi. eee malupu 2002 bbc karyakramam "dhi ship retrassing cooks evire joys" loe athani anubhavam nundi prerana pondindi, dheeni dwara vividha nepathyaala nundi mccullmantho sahaa volunteerla brundam vantavaari prayaanaanni punaraavrutam chesindi. naavikulu asalu prayatnam sibbandi paristhitulu mariyu nityakrutyaalanu anusarinchaalani korukune eee prayaanam, australialoni cairns mariyu indoneshiyaaloni batavia madhya vantavaadu yokka asalu marganni anusarinchindi. 2003loe meenjin anae patrikalo raasina oka ghnaapika mariyu vyaasamlo mccallman eee anubhavanni pratibimbistuu, thana kashtataramaina prayaanaanni georg arvel 1984thoo polcharu "pedda sodarudu garishtamgaa asoukaryam, pramaadam mariyu avamananni korutunnadu".
agnipareeksha nundi prerana pondina mccallman chaaritraka punar-chattalu mariyu prajaadarana pondina charitraku sambandhinchina rachanalanu prachurinchadam konasaaginchaaru. atuvanti rachanalalo 2010 pustakam "hystorical reanactment frum realism tuu dhi affective turn" unnaayi, idhi charitralo bhavodvegam yokka paatranu charitra yokka prajaadarana pondina roopaala dwara anveshistundi, idhi charitra yokka prabhaavavantamaina malupu chuttoo unna upanyaasaaniki dohadam chestundi. digital yugamlo vidyavetta drukpatham nundi ituvanti pratyaekamaina anubhavaala viluva kosam vaadinchadaaniki, "vaastavikatanu prayatninchadam" anae thana 2003 naati samudrayaanam yokka ghnaapakaalalooni bhaagaalanu recycle chese academic journal vimarsha kosam 2004 vyaasamlo kooda mccallman raasaaru.
vignaana shaastram mariyu paryaavaranam yokka charitra.
2000luu mariyu 2010la antataa, mccallman chaaritraka mariyu maanaveeya drukpatham nundi shaastreeya aavishkarana mariyu paryaavaranam anae amsampai vistrutamgaa raasaaru. mukhyamgaa, charless darwin, mathue flinders mariyu james cook vanti vaari shaastreeya prayaanaalapai drushti saarinchi, mccallman thana rachanalalo pasiphik mariyu mahasamudra praantaala anveshana gurinchi charchinchaaru. eee parisoedhana "beagal nepathyamlo darwin yugamlo dakshina mahasamudralalo shaastram" mariyu "darwin yokka armada" vanti pustakaalalo vyaktamaindi. taruvaati pustakam aneka museum pradarsanalaku kooda prerananichindi, veetilo okati sidney vishwavidyaalayam yokka makile museum nundi "accidental encounter" anae paerutoe, mariyu 2009 documentary "darvins brave nyuu varald" paerutoe undhi. 
eee kaalamlo, mccallman kooda maanaveeya saastraalatoe paatu antar-kramasikshanaa paddhatula dwara paryaavaranaanni anveshinchadam praarambhinchaadu. eee vidhaanaaniki oka nirvachinche udaaharana 2014 pustakam "paryaavarana maanaveeya saastraala nundi dandayaatra paryaavarana saastraala gurinchi punaralochinchadam" parichayamlo kanugonabadindi. paryaavarana charitrakaarudaina mccullman mariyu athani saha-sampadakudu, maanava saastraala yokka drushtikonam dwara hanikara vrukshajaalam mariyu jantujaalaanni pariseelinchadam yokka viluva kosam vaadinchaaru, endukante jaatula badilee ledhaa parichayam kevalam jeevasaastram matrame kaadu, maanava mariyu saamskrutika amsaalanu kooda kaligi untundi. eee vidhamgaa, pustakamlo ekkuva bhaagam "maanaveeya drukpathaala nundi pondina parisoedhana, aakramana paryaavaranaala yokka swabhaavam mariyu chikkula gurinchi mana avagahananu elaa maarchagalado pradarsinchadaaniki" ankitam cheyabadindi. appati nundi makkalman thana solo rachanalalo, paryaavaranam chuttoo charchalaku eee maanaveeya-aadhaarita vidhananni avalambinchaaru. ituvanti rachanalalo 2013 pustakam "dhi reif eah pyaashan history" unnaayi.
pani chestundi.
mccullman "dhi seven ordals off count cagliostro" vanti vaanijya pustakaalato sahaa aneka vaanijyaparamgaa vijayavantamaina rachanalanu raasaaru. chivari rasavaadi" anie kooda piluvabade eee 2003 pustakam, harper callins australia prachurinchindi mariyu paddenimidava sataabdapu vaidyudu mariyu rasavaadi ayina giusape balsamo jeevitaanni vivaristundi. makkalman balsamo charitranu edu kathala dwara samarpinchaadu, thana chuttoo unnavaari kalla dwara atanini vivarinchaadu. eee pustakaanni pracharam cheyadaaniki, juulai 2003loe aalasyamgaa raatri pratyaksha prasaram chese ebisi radeo jaateeya kaaryakramamlo makkalmannu phillip audums interview chesaaru. adanamgaa, makkalman yokka interview 10 augustu 2003naa prachurinchabadindi mariyu ataniki mariyu balsamoku madhya samaantaraalanu geestundih "memu oka nakilee african gurtimpunu panchukunnanduna neenu balsamoku aakarshinchabaddaanu. . . thana keerti samvatsaraalalo, athanu eejiptu yuvaraju mariyu pravaktagaa natinchaadu. oka vidhamgaa cagliostro mariyu neenu iddaroo african natulu ". sidney marning herold sameekshalo, eee pustakaanni "puurti sthaayi jeevita charitra ledhaa samagra saamskrutika charitra kaadu, conny rendintiloonuu konchem" anie varninchaaru... idhi paddenimidava sataabdapu atyanta aasaktikaramaina amsaalalo okadaaniki prasamsaneeyamaina parichayaanni andistundi.
dhi reif eah pyaashan charitra" anae paerutoe makkalman yokka moodava vaanijya pustakam, 2013loe penguin australia prachurinchindi mariyu vishayam yokka chitraanni chithreekarinchadaaniki vyaktigata kathalanu pradarsinche aakrutini marosari sweekarinchindih australia yokka goppa avarodham. 1770loe vantamanishi samudrayaanam nundi, 'mathue finders' nundi ooda debbatinna barbara thamus varaku kathalanu kaligi unna eee pustakam praja charitraku oka udaaharana. georg roff thana sameekshalo ilaa vraasaadu "mccullman saastravettalu mariyu saadhaarana paatakulaku terichi unna oka manoharamaina pustakaanni roopondinchaaruh sahaja charitra gurinchi utsukata unna daadaapu evarainaa eee rachana dwara aasakti chendutaaru".
eee pustakaanni prothsahinchadaaniki, 2015loe richard fiddler mariyu saaraa kanovsky nirvahinchina ebisi podcast syries sambhaashanhalaku makkalman atithigaa unnaaru. australian academy off dhi humanities nundi vacchina "dhi power off dhi humanities" anae nivedikalo, eee pustakam zaan busstku daariteesindi, mission beach nivasi, saikil valla debbatinnanduku, busst intiki "[surakshita] rashtra vaarasatva jaabitaanu cherukunna makkalman vaddaku cherukunnadu... idhi kalaakaarulaku, mariyu dibbalu mariyu varshaaranya paryaavarana parisoedhanalaku kendramgaa maaradaaniki uddesinchabadindi.

