
bhadrata

bhadrata anedi "surakshitamgaa" unna sthithi, haani ledhaa itara pramaadam nundi rakshinchabadina paristhiti. bhadrata anedi aamodayogyamaina sthaayi pramaadaanni saadhinchadaaniki gurtinchabadina pramaadaala niyantrananu kooda suuchistumdi.
ardhaalu.
bhadrata" anae padaaniki rendu koddigaa bhinnamaina ardhaalu unnaayi. udaaharanaku, "gruha bhadrata" anedi bahya haani sanghatanala (vaataavaranam, gruha daadi modalainavi) nundi rakshinchagala bhavanam saamarthyaanni suuchimchavachchu.), ledhaa daani antargata samsthaapanalanu (upakaranaalu, metlu modalainavi) suuchimchavachchu.) daani nivaasulaku surakshitamgaa (pramaadakaramaina ledhaa hanikaram kaadu) untaayi.
bhadrata gurinchi charchalalo tarachugaa sambandhita nibandhanala prastaavana untundi. bhadrata anedi atuvanti padam. kalakramena eee rendinti madhya nirvachanalu tarachugaa parasparam maarutuu, samanamga maarutuu, tarachugaa oke vaakyamlo jatacheyabadi kanipistaayi. duradrushtavasaattu paatakulu avi redendenseeni kaligi unnaya anie nirdhaarinchadaaniki migilipoyaru. idhi prati okkari kosam ketayinchalsina pratyaekatanu gandaragolaniki guri chestundi. manam ikkada uddesinchinatlugaa, pratyaekamainadigaa chusinappudu, prati padam marokati prabhaavitam cheyadamlo mariyu prabhaavitam cheyadamlo daani saraina sthaanaanni aakramistundi.
"bhadrata anedi oka samstha ledhaa sthalam adhi cheyalsina panini chese" "sthiramaina sthithi" "yokka paristhiti". idhi emi cheyaalo" anedi praja sankethaalu mariyu pramaanaalu, anubandha nirmaana mariyu injaneering namuunaalu, corporate drushti mariyu mission prakatanalu mariyu kaaryaacharana pranaalikalu mariyu sibbandi vidhaanaala paramgaa nirvachinchabadindi. edainaa samstha, pradaesam ledhaa paniki, pedda ledhaa chinna, bhadrata anedi oka pramaana bhavana. idhi aasinchina mariyu aamodayogyamaina vaati yokka paristhiti-nirdishta nirvachanaalaku anugunamgaa untundi."
eee nirvachananni upayoginchi, inti bahya bedirimpula nundi rakshana mariyu daani antargata nirmaana mariyu parikaraala vaiphalyala nundi rakshana (paina ardhaalanu chudandi) rendu rakaala bhadrata kaadu, inti sthiramaina sthithiki rendu amsaalu.
rojuvaaree vyavahaaraala prapanchamlo, anthaa pranaalika prakaram jaragadu. konni samstha yokka sthiramaina sthithi savaalu cheyabadutundi. ikkade iteevali teedeeki chendina bhadrata shaastram pravesistundi. bhadrata yokka nirvachanam nundi, appudu
"bhadrata anedi bhouthika ledhaa maanava, bahya ledhaa antargata, lopaalu, pramaadaalu, nashtam, nerasthulu mariyu itara vyaktulu ledhaa charyalu ledhaa samstha yokka "sthiramaina sthithi" nii bedirinche, addukune ledhaa naasanam chese charyalanu alasyam chese, nirodhinche mariyu rakshinche prakriya ledhaa sadhanam, mariyu daani uddesinchina uddesyaanni kolpotundi."
bhadrata yokka eee saadhaarana nirvachananni upayoginchi bhadrata karyakramam yokka amsaalanu perkonadam saadhyamavutundi.
parimitulu.
oka vastuvu ledhaa samstha yokka naanhyata mariyu hanikaram kaani paniteeruku sambandhinchi bhadrata anedi kontha haamii ledhaa beema pramaanaaniki sambandhinchi parimitam kaavacchu. lakshyam ledhaa samstha adhi cheyalanukunnadi matrame chestundani nirdhaarinchadaaniki idhi upayoginchabadutundi.
bhadrata saapekshamgaa undani grahinchadam mukhyam. saadhyamaithe kooda anni pramaadaalanu tolaginchadam chaalaa kashtam mariyu chaalaa khareedainadi. surakshitamaina paristhiti antey gaayam ledhaa aasti nashtam pramaadaalu takkuvagaa mariyu nirvahinchadaginavi.
edainaa surakshitam anie piluvabadinappudu, idhi saadhaaranamgaa konni sahetukamaina parimitulu mariyu paaraamitulalo surakshitamgaa undani ardham. udaaharanaku, oka nirdishta mottamlo teesukunte, chaalaa mandiki, chaalaa paristhitulalo, oka aushadham surakshitamgaa undavacchu.
bhadrata dwara prerepinchabadina empika itara, asurakshita parinaamaalanu kaligi undavacchu. udaaharanaku, balaheenamaina vruddhulanu konnisaarlu vaari illa nundi mariyu aasupatrulu ledhaa naipunhyam kaligina nursing homelaku taralistaaru, idhi vyakti yokka bhadratanu meruguparustundi anae vaadanatoe. andinchina bhadrata emitante, rojuvaaree mandulu paryaveekshinchabadataayi, vyakti metlu ekkadam ledhaa vanta cheyadam vanti konni pramaadakaramaina karyakalapalalo paalgonavalasina avasaram ledhu, mariyu vyakti kindaki padipothe, akkada unna evarainaa aaa vyakti tirigi paiki raavadaaniki sahayam cheyagalaru. ayithe, badilee gaayam, aasupatri bhrama, peddala durviniyogam, aasupatri-pondina antuvyaadhulu, niraasa, aandolana mariyu chanipovalane korika vanti pramaadaalatoo sahaa tudi phalitam khachitamgaa surakshitam kakapovachhu.
rakalu.
pramaanaalaku anugunamgaa unde, surakshitamaina mariyu kevalam surakshitamgaa bhaavinche utpattula madhya vyatyaasam undhi. haive safety community eee nibandhanalanu upayogistundih
pramaanabaddham.
utpatti yokka vaastava bhadrata charithratho sambandham lekunda, oka utpatti ledhaa roopakalpana roopakalpana mariyu nirmaanam ledhaa tayari kosam vartinche pramaanaalu mariyu paddhatulaku anugunamgaa unnappudu pramaana bhadrata saadhinchabadutundi.
sthiramaina.
pramaanaalu neraverina ledhaa neraverchakapoyina vaastava prapancha bhadrata charitra anukuulamgaa unnappudu sthiramaina ledhaa lakshya bhadrata erpadutundi.
grahinchaaru.
grahinchina ledhaa aatmaasraya bhadrata anedi pramaanaalu ledhaa bhadrata charitranu parigananaloki teesukokunda viniyogadaarula soukaryam mariyu pramaadam yokka avagahana sthaayini suuchistumdi. udaaharanaku, traaphik signals surakshitamainavigaa bhaavinchabadataayi, ayinappatikee konni paristhitulalo, avi koodali vadda traaphik pramaadaalanu penchutaayi. traaphik roundaboutlu saadhaaranamgaa anukuulamaina bhadrata rikaardunu kaligi unnappatikee tarachugaa driverlanu bhayapedataayi.
takkuva avagahana bhadrata kharchulanu kaligi undavacchu. udaaharanaku, 2001loe jarigina 9/11 daadula taruvaata, chaalaa mandhi prajalu egaradaaniki badulu drive cheyadaaniki enchukunnaaru, ayinappatikee, ugravaada daadulanu lekkinchadam, driving kante egaradam surakshitam. aarogya prayojanaalu gaayam pramaadaanni adhigaminchinappatikii, ravana, aanandam ledhaa vyayamam kosam nadavadam mariyu saikling cheyakunda prajalanu nirutsaahaparustundi.
bhadrata.
saamaajika bhadrata ledhaa praja bhadrata anie kooda piluvabade bhadrata, daadi, dopidi ledhaa vidhvamsam vanti uddesapurvaka naera charyala valla kalige haani pramaadaanni parishkaristundi.
naitika samasyala kaaranamgaa, chaalaa mandiki bhadrata anedi gananeeyamaina bhadrata kante ekkuva praamukhyata kaligi untundi. udaaharanaku, aneka deshaalalo, narahatyala kante traaphik maranaalu sarvasadhaaranamgaa unnappatikee, kaaru pramaadamloo maranam kante hatya kaaranamgaa maranam ghoramgaa pariganinchabadutundi.
pramaadaalu mariyu pratispandanalu.
bhadrata anedi saadhaaranamgaa maranam, gaayam ledhaa aasti nashtam pramaadampai nijamaina mariyu gananeeyamaina prabhavanni suuchistumdi. grahinchina pramaadaalaku pratispandanagaa injaneering pratispandanalu mariyu niyantrana rendoo atyanta saadhaaranamainavigaa aneka jokyalu pratipaadinchabadavachchu.
bahusha grahinchina bhadrata samasyalaku atyanta saadhaarana vyaktigata pratispandana beema, idhi nashtam ledhaa nashtam vishayamlo pariharam ledhaa pariharam andistundi.
system bhadrata mariyu viswasaneeyata injaneering.
system safety und reliability injaneering anedi oka injaneering vibhagam. saanketikata, paryaavarana niyantrana mariyu praja bhadrata aandolanalalo nirantara maarpulu sanklishtamaina bhadrata-klishtamaina vyavasthala vislaeshanhanu marinta demandga chestaayi.
udaaharanaku, nirmaana vidyut vyavasthalaku sambandhinchi electrical injaneerlalo oka saadhaarana apoha emitante, bhadrata samasyalanu takshaname oohinchavachhu. nijaaniki, perkonna kesulo oka sataabdaaniki paiga, aneka vaela mandhi abhyaasakula paniloo bhadrata samasyalu okkokatigaa kanugonabaddayi, mariyu konni dasabdaluga okka vyakti kooda oohinchaleru. oka rangamlo saahityam, pramaanaalu mariyu acharala parignaanam anedi bhadrata injaneeringlo keelakamaina bhaagam. siddhaantam mariyu paddhatula track record kalayika untundi, mariyu track record sambandhita siddhaantam yokka konni praantaalanu suuchistumdi. (samyukta rashtraallo, electrical injaneeringlo professional injaneeringlo rashtra licenses unna vyaktulu eee vishayamlo samarthulu kaavaalani bhaavistunnaaru, ayithe paina perkonnavi, conny chaalaa mandhi electrical injaneerlaku vaari pani kosam licenses avasaram ledhu.)
bhadrata tarachugaa sambandhita vibhagala samuuhamloo okatigaa pariganinchabadutundih naanhyata, viswasaneeyata, labhyata, nirvahana mariyu bhadrata. (labhyata anedi viswasaneeyata mariyu nirvahana yokka saadhaarana pani anae suutrampai konnisaarlu prastaavinchabadadu.) eee samasyalu edainaa pani viluvanu nirnayistaayi, mariyu eee rangaalalo deeninainaa lotu anedi modati sthaanamlo aaa praantaanni parishkarinche kharchuku minchi kharchuku daariteestundani bhaavistaaru; appudu manchi nirvahana mottam kharchunu taggistundani bhaavistunnaaru.
charyalu.
"bhadrata charyalu" antey bhadratanu meruguparachadaaniki teesukunna karyakalapalu mariyu jaagrattalu, antey.ii. maanava aarogyaaniki sambandhinchina pramaadaanni tagginchandi. saadhaarana bhadrata charyalu
pramaana samsthalu.
bhadrata pramaanaalanu prakatinche aneka pramaana samsthalu unnaayi. ivi swachchanda samsthalu ledhaa prabhutva samsthalu kaavacchu. eee agencylu modata bhadrata pramaanaalanu nirvachistaayi, veetini vaaru sankethaalu roopamlo prachuristaaru. avi accreditation samsthalu kooda mariyu pareeksha mariyu dhruvikarana samsthalu vanti swatantra moodava paarteelaku vaaru nirvachinchina pramaanaalanu tanikhi cheyadaaniki mariyu patinchela nirdhaarinchadaaniki arhata kaligi untaayi. udaaharanaku, american society off mechanical injaneers (ASME) nirvachinchina bhadrata nibandhanalaku anugunamgaa utpattini haamii ivvadaaniki dhruvikarana sevalanu andinchadaaniki daani boiler mariyu presure vessel code (bpvc) mariyu gurtimpu pondina tuve rainlandlo nirdishta sankhyalo bhadrata pramaanaalanu roopondinchindi.
united states.
american national standards institute.
american national standards institute (ansi) oka pradhana american standards samstha. saadhaaranamgaa, oka nirdishta parisrama sabhyulu bhadrata samasyalanu adhyayanam cheyadaaniki mariyu pramaanaalanu pratipaadinchadaaniki swachchandamgaa oka kamiteeni erpaatu chestaaru. aaa pramaanaalu appudu vislaeshanhaku sifaarsu cheyabadataayi, avi vaatini sameekshinchi sweekaristaayi. aneka prabhutva nibandhanala prakaram vikrayinchina ledhaa upayoginchina utpattulu oka nirdishta aamsi pramaanaaniki anugunamgaa undaali.
prabhutva samsthalu.
aneka prabhutva samsthalu tama adhikara paridhiloo unna vishayaalaku bhadrata pramaanaalanu nirdesistaayi, avih
pareeksha prayogasaalalu.
united states kosam utpatti bhadrata pareekshanu ekkuvagaa viniyogadaarula utpatti bhadrata commission niyantristundi. adanamgaa, karyalaya sambandhita utpattulu occupational safety und health administration (oshaa) paridhiloki vastaayi, idhi swatantra pariksha samsthalanu jaateeyamgaa gurtimpu pondina pariksha prayogasaalalugaa (nrtl) dhruveekaristundi.
european union.
pareeksha prayogasaalalu.
european commission chattaparamaina chatraanni andistundi, conny vividha sabhya deshaalu bhadrata pareekshanu nirvahinchadaaniki pariksha prayogasaalalaku adhikaram ivvavacchu.
itara deshaalu.
pareeksha prayogasaalalu.
aneka deshaalalo bhadrata dhruvikarana kosam pareekshinchadaaniki mariyu/ledhaa pareeksha nivedikalanu samarpinchadaaniki gurtimpu unna jaateeya samsthalu unnaayi. veetini saadhaaranamgaa notified ledhaa samartha samsthagaa suuchistaaru.