
chainaalo shahdo banking

chainees shahdo banking anedi saampradaaya banking nibandhanalu mariyu vyavasthalaku velupala jarige bhoogarbha aardhika karyakalapalanu suuchistumdi. desamloni bakaayilalo daadaapu 40 saatam shahdo banking kaaryakalaapaalato mudipadi unna atipedda shahdo banking parisramalalo chainanu okatigaa kaligi undhi. 1983loe peeples byaank off chaina kendra byankuga maarina taruvaata chainaalo shahdo banking udbhavinchindi. idhi vaanijya samsthalu mariyu private pettubadidaarulanu tama dabbunu aardhika utpattullo ekkuva unchadaaniki prothsahinchindi, deenivalla banking parisrama vruddhi chendindi.
charitra.
chainaalo shahdo banking 1990la chivaralo modata udbhavinchinatlu gurtinchabadindi, ayithe 2007loe gfc taruvaata kaalam varaku daani vegavantamaina vruddhi raaledu. runaalapai kathinamaina niyantrana kaaranamgaa, saampradaaya banking vyavastha nidhula kosam demand peragadaanni teerchalekapovadam valla shahdo banking karyakalapalalo vruddhi jarigindani namodu cheyabadindi. 2010-2012 kaalamlo, chainaalo aardhiketara madhyavartulu samvatsaraaniki 34 saatam choppuna vruddhi chendaarani anchanaa.
vyaktulu mariyu companylu shahdo banking loe nimagnamayye konni mukhya kaaranaalu, conny veetike parimitam kavuh
gatamlo, byaankula runaalaku vaari depositlaku 75 saatam reserve nishpatti avasaram, konni parisramalaku runaalu ivvadaanni niyantrinche nirutsaahamto sahaa itara kaaranaalanu gurtinchabaddaayi.
chaina shahdo banking anedi pratyekamainadi, chainaalo byaanku-aadhipatya aardhika vyavastha undhi, mariyu runa runaalapai pratyaekamaina niyantrana parimitulu unnaayi. dheeni ardham chainees vyaparalu mariyu vyaktulaku runa maargaalanu pondadaaniki marinni addamkulu unnaayi. aardhika utpattulanu jaarii cheyadaaniki mariyu veetitho anubandhinchabadina nidhulu mariyu laabhaalato vyavaharinchadaaniki kooda byaankulu baadhyata vahistaayi. alaage, itara deshaalalo shahdo banking karyakalapalalo eppatilaage, idhi pradhanamgaa videshee pettubadulu mariyu samsthala kante desheeya samsthalachae nadapabadutundi. chainaalo, konni parisramalaku runaalu ivvakunda byaankulu nirutsaahaparustaayi mariyu depositlapy niraasaparichae takkuva vaddii retlanu andinchadam tappanisari, byaankulu kaanivi eee antaraanni puuristaayi. chainaalo needa byaankula dwara ichhe mottam runaalalo moodinta rendu vantula "maaruveshamlo byaanku runaalu". eee parisrama vivaadaalalo okati emitante, chillara pettubadidaarulu shahdo banking loe nimagnamainappudu vaaru elanti nashtalanu teesukuntunnaro peddagaa teliyadu.
shahdo banking rakalu.
chainaalo shahdo banking aneka rakaala runa karyakalapalanu kaligi untundi, veetilo konni byaankulu, marikonni laenivi. chainaalo, shahdo banking yokka atyanta saadhaarana roopaalalo sampada nirvahana utpattulu (doublumps), itara trust utpattulu, appaginchina runaalu, alaage trust khaataala kosam labdhidaarula hakkulanu badilee cheyadam vanti aardhika vyavastha paraspara anusandhaanaalu unnaayi.
sampada nirvahana utpattulu.
sampada nirvahana utpattulu (doublumps) byaankulu, trustlu mariyu securityla samsthala dwara jaarii cheyabade samasyalu mariyu byaankulo mea dabbunu jama cheyadam kante ekkuva dravya raabadini kaligi unna aardhika utpattulu. vaatini aardhika samsthalu podupu utpattulugaa roopondinchi vikrayistaayi, conny samstha yokka balance sheetlalo kanipinchavu, antey avi deposit nibandhanala dwara prabhaavitam kaavu. vaati digubadi anedi utpattini nirminchina aastula 'paniteeru' ledhaa 'viluva' nundi vastundi. vaaru saampradaaya deposit kante ekkuva laabhadaayakamaina sthira raetu raabadini andinchadam dwara pani chestaaru. chainaalo, kontamandi pettubadidaarulu tama dablyuempini niyantrinche byaanku daanitoe anubandhinchabadina credit pramaadaanni bharistundani aasistaaru. chaina antataa doubluempyla sankhya iteevali kaalamlo kramamga perigindi, "2004loe 500 billion yenla kante takkuvagaa undi, 2013 chivari natiki 9.5 trillion yenlaku" untundani anchanaa."
nammadagina utpattulu.
trust utpattulu anedi trust runaalu, companylalo jabita cheyani equity mariyu aastulu ledhaa muuladhana packagela vyaapaaramtho sahaa aardhika utpattula varganni suuchistumdi. vaaru trusts, brokerlu, beema companylu mariyu securities samsthalatho sahaa "byaankaetara aardhika samsthalu" roopondinchi jaarii chesaaru."veetini private pettubadidaarulu mariyu corporations rendoo upayogistaayi. chainaalo, aardhika samsthalu trust companylugaa panicheestaayi, pradhanamgaa aastulanu nirvahinchadam mariyu khaataadaarula kosam pettubadi pettadam. gatha dasaabdamloo chaina niyantrana charya byaankula trusts vadakanni mandaginchadaaniki prayatninchindi, endukante trust utpattula dwara sekarinchina nidhulu tarachugaa trust runaala dwara pramaadakaramaina runagraheetalaku pampabadataayi. 2012loe, trust parisrama chaina yokka aardhika parisramalo rendava atipedda upa-rangamgaa maarindi, mottam 7.47 trillion yenlaku paiga, idhi juun 2014loe ¥ 12.48 trillionku perigindani perkonabadindi.
runaalu appaginchaaru.
appaginchina runaalu madhyavartigaa panichestunna byaanku unna companyla madhya runaalu. appaginchina runaalaku pradhana kaaranam chaina chattam companyla madhya runaalanu nishedhinchindi. eee runaalu eee erpaatulo runaalu ichhe varevarikaina runa pramaadam undane oohapai panicheestaayi. eee konamlo, runamu company pustakaalapai kakunda byaankula pustakamlo mugustundi. 2013loe, appaginchina runa parisrama parimaanam sumaru ¥ 8.551 trillionga gurtinchabadindi.
pratyaamnaaya aardhika sahayam.
pratyaamnaaya financing pradhanamgaa chinna pettubadulatho kuudina shahdo banking kaaryakalaapaalaku sambandhinchinadi, mariyu chinna, tarachugaa graameena pettubadidaarulu mariyu runagraheetalu. indulo peer-tuu-peer runaalu, micro financing, panshop financing mariyu financial leasing unnaayi.
niyantrana samsthalu.
chainaalo shahdo bankingnu niyantrinchadaaniki baadhyata vahinche pradhana samsthalalo peeples byaank (pbc), chainees banking regulatory commission, chaina insurance regulatory kamishanlu (crc) mariyu rashtra paripalana videshee maaraka dravyam unnaayi. 2017loe, chaina rashtra mandali aardhika niyantranadaarula madhya samanvayaanni penchadaaniki mariyu pedda samsthalu cheyaleni praantaalanu cover cheyadaaniki aardhika sthirathvam mariyu abhivruddhi kamiteeni erpaatu chesindi. antarjaateeyamgaa, chaina anedi fsb yokka paryaveekshaka mariyu niyantrana sahakaarampai standing kamiteeki santakam chesindi. peeples republic off chaina chattam prakaram, peeples byaank off chainaku dravya vidhananni amalu cheyadaaniki, aardhika pramaadaalanu nivaarinchadaaniki mariyu aardhika marketlalo sthirathvaanni konasaaginchadaaniki adhikaram ivvabadindi. chainees banking regulatory commission mariyu chainees insurance regulatory commission saasana adhikaram kaligi undataaniki badulugaa chainaalooni aardhika marketlapai paryaveekshaka paatralanu kaligi unnatlu bhaavistunnaaru.
niyantrana.
chainees shahdo banking aneka desheeya mariyu antarjaateeya maargadarsakaalu mariyu chattaala dwara niyantrinchabadutundi. chainaalo shahdo banking yokka abhyasam mariyu policingnu chattabaddham chese desheeya chattamlo peeples republic off chaina yokka peeples byaank off chaina yokka chattam mariyu national peeples congress yokka standing kamitee nundi peeples republic off chaina yokka vaanijya byaanku chattam unnaayi. alaage, chainees banking regulatory commission shahdo banking kuu sambandhinchina chattampai abhiprayalu mariyu noteesulanu vidudala chestundi, veetilo vaanijya byaankula appaginchina runaala nirvahana niyamaalu mariyu appaginchina vaanijya byaankula runaala kosam paripalana charyalanu mudrinchadam mariyu pampinhee cheyadampai chainees banking regulatory commission notice unnaayi. antarjaateeyamgaa, chaina antarjaateeya niyantrana kosam pramaanaalanu mariyu paryaveekshanhaloo nimagnamaina bassel kamiteeki santakam chesindi, iteevala 2017loe bassel III framework dwara. janavari 2018loe, chaina banking regulatory commission vaanijya byaankula pedda exposures kosam banking paryaveekshanha pramaanaalapai bassel kamiteetho chainanu samalekhanam cheyalane lakshyamtho oka musaida niyantrananu prachurinchindi. pratyekinchi, dheeni ardham, nirmaanaatmaka pettubadula antarleena aastulalo gurtinchabadani counter-party pramaadaaniki byaankulu bahirgatam kavadanni 2018 chivari natiki byaankula shreni 1 mooladhanamlo 15 saatam kante takkuvagaa teesukuraavadam avasaram.
desheeya niyantranalo, shahdo banking thoo anubandhinchabadina aneka praantaalu unnaayi. udaaharanaku, chainaalo vaddii retlapai pbc niyantrana kaligi undhi, idhi chinna nundi madhyataraha samsthalu chainaalo nidhulanu pondalekapovadaniki oka kaaranamgaa gurtinchabadindi. antekakunda, prc yokka vaanijya byaanku chattam companylu okadaanikokati runaalu ivvadaanni nishedhistundi, chainaalooni companylu appaginchina runaala roopamlo shahdo banking loe enduku nimagnamai unnayane daaniki idhi kooda oka document kaaranam. iteevali kaalamlo, shahdo banking vishayamlo chaina niyantranalo aneka mukhyamaina maarpulu jarigaayi. eee prayatnaalu 2017 nundi chaina shahdo banking rangam sumaru 16 trillion yenla maera kunchinchukupovadaaniki kaaranamayyaayi. chaina niyantrana adhikarulu pramaadaanni tagginchadaaniki, niyantrana madhyavartitvaanni parimitam cheyadaaniki mariyu bhavishyattulo shahdo banking karyakalapalanu tagginchadaaniki sampradaaya muuladhana maargaalanu teravadaaniki kattubadi unnaarani paerkonnaaru.
nilva nishpattini tolaginchadam.
reserve nishpatti anedi chaina vaanijya banking chattam, idhi byaankulu tama muuladhana depositlalo garishtamgaa 75 saatam matrame yea samayamloonainaa runaalu ivvagalavani nirdesinchindi. eee vidhanam 1995loe sweekarinchabadindi mariyu dravyata pramaadaalanu niyantrinchadaaniki vaanijya byaanku yokka credit scale yokka vegavantamaina vruddhini nirodhinchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi. eee runaalu tama balance sheetlalo kanipinchakundaa, 75 saatam parimiti kante ekkuva dabbunu runamgaa ivvadaaniki, shahdo banking loe nimagnamaina aardhika samsthalaku reserve ratio avasaralu oka pradhana kaaranamgaa gurtinchabaddaayi. jaateeya praja congress dwara reserve nishpatti avasaranni tolaginchadam october 2015loe amalloki vachindi. eee charya aardhika vruddhini prerepinchadaaniki mariyu saampradaaya maargaala dwara tama migilina muuladhanaanni runamgaa ivvadaaniki byaankulanu vimukti cheyadam dwara shahdo banking runaalanu tagginche prayatnamgaa pariganinchabadindi.
paryaveekshanhanu penchaaru.
janavari 2018loe, chaina banking regulatory commission shahdo banking mariyu inter byaank karyakalapala paryaveekshanhanu penchutundani perkondi. inca, 2017 novemberlo aardhika sthirathvam mariyu abhivruddhi kamiteeni erpaatu cheyadam anedi shahdo banking karyakalapalapai paryaveekshanhanu penchadaaniki oka adanapu adugu. alaage, october 2017 chivaralo 19va communistu party taruvaata chaina aardhika rangaanni tagginchadaaniki gananeeyamaina ottidi vachindi. pratyaekamgaa, central byaank chainaalo aasti nirvahanapai kathinamaina niyamaalanu jaarii chesindi.
36 saataaniki paiga vaarshika vaddii retlatho runaalanu neerapuuritam cheyadam.
2019 octoberlo chaina prabhutvam 36 saataaniki paiga vaarshika vaddii retutho runaalu ivvadam neeramgaa prakatinchindi. eee charya shahdo banking rangaanni lakshyamgaa chesukundi, endukante adhika vaddii retlanu vasoolu cheyagalagadam anedi aardhika samsthalu shahdo banking roopamgaa off-book runaalanu enchukoovadaaniki pradhana kaaranaalalo okati.
appaginchina runaalapai charyalu.
janavari 2018loe, chaina banking regulatory commission byaankulu mariyu itara aardhika samsthalapai appaginchina runaalanu erpaatu chese nibandhanalanu kathinataram chesindi. eee charyalalo runaala venuka nirnayaatmaka charyalo palgonakunda byaankulanu apadam, alaage financingpy elanti haameelu ivvakunda nirodhinchadam vantivi unnaayi. eee charya corporations appaginchina runaala credit pramaadaanni bharinchaalsina avasaram undani nirdhaarinchindi. idhi shahdo banking roopamgaa eee parisramalo vegavantamaina vruddhi yokka anubandha pramaadaalaku pratispandanagaa vachindi. aaa samayamlo, appaginchina runaalalo mottam 13.9 trillion yenlugaa gurtinchabadindi. eee charya aardhika samsthala nundi aann-book runaalu mariyu baandlu vanti saampradaaya financing chaanellaku runaanni tirigi nettadaaniki kooda uddesinchabadindi.
vaddii raetu maarutundi.
2019 septembarulo, chaina central byaank chainaalo aardhika vruddhiki maddatu ichhe prayatnamlo market vaddii retlanu tagginche uddesaanni prakatinchindi. idhi samyukta raashtraalato vaanijya yuddhaaniki pratispandanagaa paakshikamgaa unnatlu gurtinchabadindi. aaa samayamlo prajala byaanku dravya vidhana kamitee vidudala chesina oka prakatana ilaa perkondih
dravya vidhana prasaranni meruguparachadaaniki mariyu nijamaina vaddii raetlaloo gurtinchadagina ksheenatanu prothsahinchadaaniki market aadhaarita samskaranalanu nokki cheppadaniki manam etuvanti prayatnaanni vadulukokudadu...sahetukamaina dravyatanu nirvahinchadaaniki manam bahula dravya saadhanaalanu anuvaina reetilo upayoginchaali. adhe samayamlo, vaddii raetu saralikarananu marinta lothugaa penchaali, runa pradhana raetu vidhananni meruguparachaali mariyu aacharanalo daani viniyogaanni prothsahinchaali.
eee charyalo runa pradhana raetu (lpr) nuu tagginchadam jarigindi, idhi chainaalooni 18 byaankula samuuham andinche sagatu vaddii retunu suuchistumdi. runa pradhana raetu anni runaalaku benchmarkga panicheyadaaniki uddesinchabadindi. ell. pii. aarr. nuu tagginchadam anedi shahdo banking karyakalapalanu tagginche paddhatullo okatigaa gurtinchabadindi, endukante idhi ekkuva mandhi runagraheetalaku muuladhana maargaalanu pondadaaniki veelu kalpistundi.