pani kolata

pani kolata anedi oka sagatu karmikudu nirneeta sthaayi paniteerulo nirdishta tayari panini nirvahinchadaaniki samayanni nirnayinchadaaniki roopondinchina paddhatula anuvartanam. idhi oka nirdishta udyogaaniki ketaayinchina panini puurti cheyadaaniki patte kaalaparimitiki sambandhinchinadi. antey oka pani ledhaa nirvahana vibhaganni puurti cheyadaaniki patte samayam, ganakudi samayanni parigananaloki teesukune konni paristhitulalo pani puurtigaa puurti cheyalsina samayam.
vadakam.
pani kolata anedi pani pradaesamloe unna praamaanikam kaanivi mariyu viluva jodinchani karyakalapalu mariyu vyardhaalanu velikiteese sahaayapadutundi. eee krindi kaaranaala valla oka panini kolawali
lakshyam.
pani kolata anedi oka praamaanika samayanni erpaatu cheyadaaniki oka saanketikata, idhi suuchimchina paddhati yokka pani vishayaala samaya kolatala aadhaaramgaa, alasata mariyu vyaktigata mariyu tappinchukoleni aalasyaala kosam tagina pariseelanatoo icchina panini nirvahinchadaaniki avasaramaina samayam. 
pradhanamgaa padaartham ledhaa nirvaahakula nundi anavasaramaina kadalikalanu tolaginchadam dwara mariyu paedavaariki manchi paddhatulanu pratyaamnaayam cheyadam dwara, panini tagginchadaaniki paddhati adhyayanam pradhana saanketikata. pani kolata anedi parisoedhinchadam, tagginchadam mariyu taruvaata asamarthamaina samayanni tolaginchadam, antey samarthavanthamaina pani cheyani samayam, kaaranam emainappatiki.
pani kolata, paeru suuchimchinatlugaa, nirvahanaku oka operation ledhaa operationla shreni paniteerulo teesukunna samayanni kolavadaniki oka marganni andistundi, tadwara asamarthamaina samayam choopabadutundi mariyu samarthavanthamaina samayam nundi vaeru cheyavachu. eee vidhamgaa daani uniki, swabhaavam mariyu paridhi gatamlo avi mottam lopala ekkada dachabadi unnayo telustundi.
upayoginchandi.
adhyayanam dwara asamarthamaina samayam yokka prastuta kaaranaalanu bahirgatam cheyadam, mukhyamainadi ayinappatikee, dhwani samaya pramaanaala amarika kante deerghakaalikamgaa takkuva mukhyamainadi, endukante ivi vaaru soochinche pani konasaginanta kaalam vartistuunae untaayi. avi sthaapinchabadina tarvaata sambhavinche edainaa asamarthamaina samayam ledhaa adanapu panini kooda chuuputaayi.
pramaanaalanu nirnayinche prakriyaloo pani kolatanu upayoginchadam avasaram kaavachuh
pratyaamnaaya paddhatula saamarthyaanni polchadam. itara paristhitulu samanamga undatam valla, takkuva samayam teesukune paddhati uttama paddhati avutundi.
bahula kaaryaacharana pataala sahakaaramtho, brundaala sabhyula panini samatulyam cheyadam, tadwara, saadhyamainanta varaku, prati sabhyuniki nirvahinchadaaniki samaana samayam teesukune pani untundi.
manishi mariyu yantram bahula kaaryaacharana pataala sahakaaramtho, oka operative amalu cheyagala yantraala sankhyanu nirnayinchadaaniki.
okasari sett chesina samaya pramaanaalanu upayoginchavachhuh
pani karyakramanni nirvahinchadaaniki karmagaram mariyu kaarmika avasaralu mariyu andubaatulo unna saamarthya viniyogamtho sahaa utpatti pranaalika mariyu schedule aadhaaramgaa samacharanni andinchadam.
tendarlaku sambandhinchina anchanaalu, ammakapu dharalu mariyu pampinhee vaagdaanaala aadhaaramgaa samacharanni andinchadam.
yantra viniyogam mariyu kaarmika paniteeru yokka pramaanaalanu nirdesinchadam, veetini paina perkonna prayojanaalalo deenikainaa mariyu prothsaahaka pathakaalaku aadhaaramgaa upayoginchavacchu.
kaarmika-vyaya niyantrana kosam samacharanni andinchadam mariyu praamaanika kharchulanu nirnayinchadaaniki mariyu nirvahinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchadam.
pani kolata anedi oka samstha yokka panini nirvahinchadaaniki mariyu niyantrinchadaaniki avasaramaina anni kaaryakalaapaalaku avasaramaina praathamika samacharanni andistundi, indulo samaya amsam oka paatra poeshistumdi. praamaanika samayam elaa pondabadutundo choopinchinappudu eee kaaryakalaapaalaku sambandhinchi daani upayogaalu marinta spashtamgaa kanipistaayi.
pani kolata yokka paddhatulu.
pani kolata nirvahinche pradhana paddhatulu eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaih
eee paddhatullo manam pradhanamgaa samaya adhyayanamtho sambandham kaligi untaamu, endukante idhi pani kolata yokka praathamika saanketikata. konni itara paddhatulu daani nundi udbhavinchaayi ledhaa daani yokka vaividhyaalu.
samaya adhyayanam.
nirdishta paniteeru sthaayilo udyogaanni nirvahinchadaaniki avasaramaina samayanni pondadaaniki nirdishta paristhitulalo nirvahinchina nirdishta udyogamloni amsaala kosam pani samayalu mariyu retlanu namodu cheyadam samaya adhyayanamlo untundi.
eee saanketikatalo adhyayanam cheyavalasina panini stapwatch, rating mariyu praathamika samayamtho lekkistaaru.
samarthavanthamaina samaya adhyayanam kosam avasaralu.
samarthavanthamaina samaya adhyayanam kosam avasaraalu
eah. sahakaram mariyu sadbhavana
bii. nirvachinchina udyogam
sii. nirvachinchina paddhati
dii. saadhaarana parikaraalanu saricheyandi
ii. naanhyata pramaanam mariyu tanikheelu
eff. anubhavagnudaina arhata kaligina prerepita karmikudu
zii. samaya paddhati
hetch. saapeksha paniteerunu anchanaa vese paddhati
ii. muulaka vichchinnam
zhe. break paayintla nirvachanam
keey. recording media
samaya adhyayanaaniki atyanta klishtamaina avasaraalalo okati moulika vichchinnam. udyogaanni amsaalugaa vibhajinche vidhaanaaniki sambandhinchi konni saadhaarana niyamaalu unnaayi. avi eee krindi vaatini kaligi untaayi. muulakaalu sulabhamgaa gurtinchadaginavigaa undaali, khachitamaina prarambhalu mariyu mugimpulatoe, tadwara okasari sthaapinchabadina tarvaata, vaatini padepade gurtinchavacchu. eee paayintlanu break paayintlu anie pilustaaru mariyu studdy sheetlo spashtamgaa vivarinchaali. muulakaalu pariseelakudu soukaryavantamgaa samayanni nirnayinchagaliginanta chinnaviga undaali. saadhyamainanta varaku, amsaalu-mukhyamgaa manueval amsaalu-avi sahajamgaa ekikrutamaina mariyu pratyaekamaina vibhaagaalanu suchinchela enchukoovaali.
paniteeru rating.
samaya adhyayanam anedi pariseelakudi praamaanika rating bhavanaku sambandhinchi karmikudi vegam mariyu prabhavam gurinchi pariseelakudi anchanaatho kalisi pani cheyadaaniki gamaninchina samayala recordupy aadharapadi untundi.
eee anchanaanu rating anie pilustaaru, eee nirvachanam bs 3138 (1979) loe ivvabadindi
pani retunu suuchimchadaaniki upayoginche sankhya viluva ledhaa chihnam.
praamaanika rating kooda (eee british praamaanika bs3138 loe) ilaa nirvachinchabadindih
"arhata kaligina kaarmikulu sahajamgaa panichese sagatu retuku anugunamgaa unde rating, vaaru perkonna paddhatiki kattubadi undi, vaaru tama paniki tamanu taamu vartimpajesukovadaaniki prerepinchabadi unte. praamaanika ratingnu sthiramgaa nirvahinchi, tagina sadalimpu teesukunte, arhata kaligina karmikudu pani roeju ledhaa shiftlo praamaanika paniteerunu saadhistaadu."
paarisraamika injaneerlu vividha rakaala rating pramaanaalanu upayogistaaru, mariyu vistruta upayogam saadhinchina vaatilo okati british pramaanaala rating sthaayi, idhi 0 anedi etuvanti kaaryakalaapaalaku anugunamgaa laeni mariyu 100 praamaanika ratingku anugunamgaa unde sthaayi. ratingnu 'x' bs gaa vyakteekarinchaali.
praamaanika sthaayi yokka udaaharana krinda ivvabadindi
nadaka vegaanni anchanaa veyadam
0 kaaryaacharana ledhu
50 chaalaa nemmadigaa
75 sthiramgaa undhi
100 churukaina (praamaanika rating)
125 chaalaa vaegamgaa
150 asadhaaranamgaa vaegamgaa
oka pani ledhaa amsaaniki praathamika samayam, praamaanika ratinglo pani yokka oka amsaanni ledhaa operation nirvahinchadaaniki samayam.
praathamika samayam = pariseelinchina samayam x pariseelinchina rating
phalitam praathamika nimishaallo vyakteekarinchabadutundi-bms.
udyogam ledhaa operation yokka pani vishayam ilaa nirvachinchabadindih praathamika samayam + sadalimpu bhatyam + adanapu paniki edainaa bhatyam-udhaa.zii. panini soochinche aakasmika bhatyam yokka aaa bhaagam.
praamaanika samayam.
praamaanika samayam antey praamaanika panitiirutoe oka panini puurti cheyalsina mottam samayam.ii. pani vishayam, alasyam kosam aakasmika bhatyam, khaalii samayam mariyu vartinche chota jokyam bhatyam.
yantra-niyantrita karyakalapala kolataku khaalii samayam mariyu jokyaniki bhatyam mukhyamainadi kaavacchu, conny avi ellappuduu praamaanika samayam yokka prati gananalo kanipinchavu. marovaipu, sadalimpu bhatyam, prati gananalo parigananaloki teesukoovaali, udyogam saadhaarana manueval ayina ledhaa aneka yantraalanu ekakaalamlo niyantrinchaalsina chaalaa sanklishtamaina operation ayina. praamaanika samayala sankalanamlo aakasmika bhatyam bahusha chaalaa tarachugaa kanipistundi; anduvalla aakasmika bhatyam mariyu sadalimpu bhatyam pariganaloki teesukovadam soukaryavantamgaa untundi, tadwara karyalayamlo pariseelanalu puurtavadamtoe praarambhamaina ganana kramaanni praamaanika samayam sankalanam varaku teesukellavacchu.
aakasmika bhatyam
aakasmika bhatyam anedi oka chinna samaya bhatyam, idhi chattabaddhamaina mariyu aasinchina pani ledhaa alasyam yokka amsaalanu cherukovadaniki praamaanika samayamlo cherchabadutundi, dheeni khachitamaina kolata avi arudugaa ledhaa kramarahitamgaa sambhavinchadam valla aardhikamgaa anavasaram.
sadalimpu bhatyam
sadalimpu bhatyam anedi nirdishta paristhitulalo nirdishta panini nirvahinchadam valla saareeraka mariyu manasika prabhaavaala nundi kolukune avakaasaanni kaarmikudiki andinchadaaniki mariyu vyaktigata avasaraalapai drushti pettadaniki veelugaa praathamika samayaniki adanamgaa untundi. bhatyam mottam udyogam yokka swabhaavampai aadharapadi untundi. udaaharanalu
vyaktigata 5-7%
shakti utpatti 0-10%
sabdam 0-5%
sharatulu 0-100%
ii.zii. electronics 5 saatam
itara bhatyaalu
itara bhatyaalalo prakriya bhatyam untundi, idhi oka operator thana panini konasaginchakunda nirodhinchabadinappudu, siddhamgaa undi, vechi unnappatikee, prakriya ledhaa yantram dwara daani panini puurti cheyadaaniki marinta samayam avasaramayye prakriya bhatyam. tudi bhatyam anedi oka operatorku okati kante ekkuva yantraala chaarj unnappudu mariyu yantraalu yaadrucchikamgaa agipoyinappudu cherchabade jokyam. saadhaarana paristhitulalo operator oka yantraaniki matrame haajaru kagaladu, migilina yantraalu shraddha kosam vechi undaali. eee yantram appudu jokyaniki lobadi untundi, idhi yantra chakram samayanni penchutundi.
suutigaa manueval operation kosam praamaanika samayam yokka puurti chitraanni pondadam ippudu saadhyamaindi.
kaaryaacharana namuunaa.
kaaryaacharana namuunaa anedi yantraalu, prakriyalu ledhaa kaarmikula samuuham yokka kaala vyavadhilo pedda sankhyalo takshana pariseelanalu chese saanketikata. prati pariseelana aaa kshanamlo emi jarugutundo namodu chestundi mariyu oka nirdishta kaaryaacharana ledhaa alasyam kosam namodu cheyabadina pariseelanala saatam anedi kaaryaacharana ledhaa alasyam sambhavinche samayam yokka saatam yokka kolata.
eee paddhati yokka prayojanaalu emitante
idhi samaya adhyayanam dwara kolavagalige asaadhyamaina ledhaa chaalaa khareedaina aneka karyakalapalanu kolavagala saamarthyam kaligi untundi.
oka pariseelakudu oka samuuham yokka ekakaala kaaryakalaapaalaku sambandhinchina daetaanu sekarinchavachhu.
kaaryaacharana namuunaanu prabhavam lekunda yea samayamloonainaa antaraayam kaliginchavacchu.
pratikuulatalu emitante
swalpakaalika udyogaalapai samaya adhyayananni upayoginchadam vaegamgaa mariyu choukagaa untundi.
idhi praathamika vivaraalanu andinchadu.
kaaryaacharana namuunaa adhyayanam dwara andinchabade samacharam rakamh
puurti adhyayanamlo pariseelanala sankhyanu nirnayinchadaaniki eee krindi sameekaranam upayoginchabadutundih
ekkadah
mundugaa nirnayinchina chalana samaya vyavastha.
mundugaa nirnayinchina chalana samaya vyavastha anedi pani kolata saanketikata, dheeni dwara praathamika maanava kadalikala kosam sthaapinchabadina samayalu (kadalika yokka swabhaavam mariyu adhi tayaaru cheyabadina paristhitula prakaram vargeekarinchabadindi) oka nirdishta sthaayilo udyogam kosam samayanni nirminchadaaniki upayoginchabadataayi.
anni maanaveeya panulanu sareeram ledhaa shareera sabhyula praathamika kadalikalo vishlaeshimchavachanae oohapai vyavasthalu aadharapadi untaayi. prati udyamam yokka chaalaa pedda sankhyalo adhyayanala phalitamgaa, saadhaaranamgaa purushulu mariyu mahilala vistruta shreni vishayaala chitraala frame-bye-frame vislaeshanha dwara, aneka rakaala panulanu nirvahinchadam dwara avi sankalanam cheyabaddaayi.
modati taram pmt vyavasthalu, vyavasthalu, chaalaa chakkaga vivaramgaa unnaayi, indulo chaalaa vislaeshanha mariyu chaalaa khachitamaina phalitaalanu utpatti chestaayi. vivaraalapai eee shraddha anedi balam mariyu balaheenata rendoo, mariyu aneka sambhaavya anuvartanaalaku vivaranaatmaka vislaeshanha parimaanam avasaram ledhu, mariyu nishedhinchadagina samayanni teesukuntundi. eee sandarbhaalalo saralikruta pmtlu, master standard dayta, praadhamika praamaanika dayta mariyu mariyu vanti "rendava taram" paddhatulanu prayojanamtho upayoginchavacchu, khachitatvanni peddagaa kolporu. marinta vegavantamaina anuvartanam kosam, kontha vivaraalanu tyaagam cheyagaligithe, praathamika pani dayta ledhaa ledhaa vanti "moodava taram" saanketikatanu upayoginchavacchu.
samslaeshanha.
samslaeshanha anedi sambandhita amsaalanu kaligi unna itara udyogaalapai samaya adhyayanala nundi ledhaa synthetic dayta nundi gatamlo pondina muulaka samayaalanu kalipi nirvachinchina sthaayi paniteerulo udyogam kosam samayanni nirminchadaaniki pani kolata saanketikata.
synthetic dayta anedi praamaanika samayalu, yantra prakriya samayalu modalaina vaatini nirminchadaaniki anuvaina roopamlo amarchabadina, sekarinchina pani kolata dayta vislaeshanha nundi pondina pattikalu mariyu suutraalaku ivvabadina paeru. samslaeshanha dwara.
gatamlo adhyayanam chesina udyogaalalo tagina sankhyalo punaraavrutamaina amsaalatoe kuudina udyogaala vishayamlo vyaktigata samaya adhyayanalaku pratyamnaayamgaa krutrima samayaalanu ekkuvagaa upayogistunnaru, tadwara vatiki khachitamaina pratinidhi samayaalanu sankalanam cheyadam saadhyamavutundi.
anchanaa vestunnaru.
pani kolata abhyaasakudiki andubaatulo unna annintikante anchanaa vese saanketikata athi takkuva suddhi cheyabadindi. idhi mottam udyoga vyavadhi (ledhaa saadhaarana aacharanalo, udyoga dhara ledhaa kharchu) anchanaanu kaligi untundi. eee anchanaa oka hastakalaakaarudu ledhaa hastakala gurinchi telisina vyaktichae cheyabadutundi. idhi saadhaaranamgaa pani vishayamu, tayari mariyu paaraveyadam samayam, edainaa aakasmika paristhitulu modalaina vaatitho sahaa udyogam yokka mottam bhaagaalanu kaligi untundi., annee oke sthuula mottamlo anchanaa veyabaddaayi.
vislaeshanhaatmaka anchanaa.
eee saanketikata anchanaa veyadamlo pani kolata bhaavanalanu parichayam chestundi. vislaeshanhaatmaka anchanaalo anchanaa vesevaaru praathamika vichchinnam mariyu praamaanika paniteeru bhaavanalo sikshana pondutaaru. modata udyogam yokka pani vishayalanu amsaalugaa vibhajinchadam dwara anchanaa veyabadutundi, aapai anchanaa vesevari (saadhaaranamgaa oka hastakalaakaarudu) anubhavanni upayoginchi pani yokka prati amsaaniki samayam anchanaa veyabadutundi-praamaanika paniteeru vadda. praathamika nimishaallo mottam udyoga samayanni ivvadaaniki eee anchanaa vesina praathamika nimishalu mottam cheyabadataayi. praamaanika samayanni ivvadaaniki, sampradaaya samaya adhyayanamlo vale, sadalimpu mariyu edainaa avasaramaina aakasmikata kosam bhatyam ivvabadutundi.
tulanaatmaka anchanaa.
enchukunna samaya shrenulalo vaatini anchanaa veyadam dwara, asthiramaina mariyu arudaina udyogaala vyavadhini vegavantamaina mariyu nammadagina anchanaa vaeyadaaniki eee saanketikata abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. khachitamaina muuladhana pramaanam ledhaa muuladhana anumatinchabadina nimisham viluvala paramgaa kakunda, pariseelanaloo unna udyogam taggipoye parimitulu nirnayinchabadataayi. anchanaa veyaalsina udyogaanni saaruupya pani vishayaala udyogaalato polchadam dwara mariyu eee saaruupya udyogaalanu "bench maarkulu" gaa upayoginchi kotta udyogaanni daani sambandhita time bandlo gurtinchadam dwara idhi vartinchabadutundi-dheenini work group anie pilustaaru.
balela namuunaa-seva rangamlo pani kolata.
pani kolata bhavana tayari prapancham nundi udbhavinchindi, conny seva rangaaniki prapancha maarpu varaku inca puurtigaa sweekarinchabadaledu. konni amsaalu seva udyogaalalo kaarmika ketayinpulaku praamaanika samayaalanu nirnayinchadamlo swaabhaavika ibbandulanu srushtistaayih (eah) raaka mariyu seva paniteeru samayam madhya samayamlo vistruta vaividhyam; (bii) seva kosam ekkuva kaalam vechi unna viniyogadaarula dwara samsthaku jarigina nashtanni anchanaa veyadamlo ibbandi. eee ibbandi kaarmikula utpattini penchadam madhya virama-samaana binduvunu lekkinchadam kashtataram chestundi, idhi kaarmika kharchulanu taggistundi conny viniyogadaarula vechi unde samayanni penchutundi mariyu seva naanhyatanu taggistundi. 
daa. izrael looni technian kuu chendina isak balela & professor yissachar gilad, balela (balela) namuunaanu abhivruddhi chesaaru, idhi bahula-domine vidhananni teesukovadam dwara paina perkonna chaalaa ibbandulanu adhigamistundihi 1) utpatti mariyu vechi unde samayala madhya sahasambandham kosam modal varusa suuchikalanu amalu chestundi. suuchika viluvalu atyavasara seva sthaayi dwara prabhaavitamavutaayi. 2) adanapu karmikudi nirvahana kharchunu doubluty taggudala valla kalige aardhika prayojanamtho polchadam dwara modal uttama break-eeven paayintnu nirnayistundi. anduvalla, eee namuunaa kaarmikula utpatti mariyu seva naanhyata madhya uttama samatulyatanu kanugontundi.
suuchanalu.
balela I.(2012) "seva udyogaala kosam maanavashakti ketayimpu namuunaa" (balela namuunaa), ismet international journal off servies sains, management, injaneering und technology, 3 (2), april-juun 2012, pp 13-34.

