
link aggregation

computer networkinglo, link aggregation anedi aneka paddhatullo deeninainaa samaantaramgaa bahula network connectionla kalayika (aggregating). link aggregation anedi oke connection konasaginchagala daanikante ekkuva mottam nirgamaamsaanni penchutundi mariyu connectivityni kolpokunda bhouthika linklalo okati minaha anni viphalamayye redendenseeni andistundi. link aggregation group (logg) anedi bhouthika portula samyukta sekarana.
eee bhavananu vivarinchadaaniki upayoginche itara godugu padaalaloo trunking, bundling, banding, chhaneling ledhaa teamying unnaayi.
amalu cheyadam anedi eetharnet kosam link aggregation controll protocol (laksh) vanti vikreta-swatantra pramaanaalanu anusarinchavacchu, idhi ii. ii. eee. eee <ii. dii. 2> ledhaa munupati ii. ii. eee. eee <ii. dii. 1> loe nirvachinchabadindi, conny yajamanya protocols kooda.
prerana.
link aggregation eetharnet connectionla bandwidth mariyu sthithisthaapakathanu penchutundi.
bandwidth avasaralu saralamgaa kolavabadavu. eetharnet bandwidthlu chaaritraatmakamgaa prati taraaniki padiretlu perigayi 10 megabit/seey, 100 embit/seey, 1000 embit/seey, 10,000 embit/seey. evarainaa bandwidth paikappulanu taakadam praarambhistae, tadupari taraaniki velladam matrame empika, idhi kharchunu nishedhistundi. 1990la praarambhamlo chaalaa mandhi network tayaareedaarulu pravesapettina pratyaamnaaya parishkaram emitante, rendu bhouthika eetharnet linklanu oka taarkika linklo kalapadaniki link agregationnu upayoginchadam. eee prarambha parishkaralalo chaalaa varaku manueval aakruteekarana mariyu connectionku rendu vaipula oke vidhamaina parikaraalu avasaram.
computer-tuu-switch ledhaa switch-tuu-switch aakruteekaranalo, oka saadhaarana port-cable-port connectionku antarleenamgaa moodu vaiphalyam paayintlu unnaih cable ledhaa cable plug cheyabadina portlalo edainaa viphalamavutundi. bahula taarkika anusandhaanaalu cheyavachu, conny aneka unnata sthaayi niyamaavali puurtigaa sajavuga viphalamayye vidhamgaa roopondinchabadaledu. link agregationnu upayoginchi bahula bhouthika connectionlanu oka taarkika connectionga kalapadam marinta sthithisthaapaka samachara maarpidini andistundi.
nirmaana.
network vaastusilpulu osi namuunaa yokka atyalpa moodu poralalo deeninainaa agregationnu amalu cheyavachu. pora 1 (bhouthika pora) vadda aggregation yokka udaaharanalalo power line (udhaa.zii. ii. ii. ii. ii. 1901) mariyu wireless (udhaa.zii. iee 802.11) bahula frequency byaandlanu kalipe network parikaraalu. osi layer 2 (dayta link layer, ii.zii. eetharnet frame lans loe ledhaa multy-link ppp wans loe, eetharnet maak adrus) aggregation saadhaaranamgaa switch portula antataa jarugutundi, ivi bhouthika portulu ledhaa operating system dwara nirvahinche virtual portulu kaavacchu. osi namuunaalooni pora 3 (network pora) vadda aggregation round-rabin scheduling, packett headerloni khaaliila nundi lekkinchina haash viluvalu ledhaa eee rendu paddhatula kalayikanu upayoginchavacchu.
yea porapai aggregation jarugutundo daanitoe sambandham lekunda, anni linklalo network lodnu samatulyam cheyadam saadhyamavutundi. ayithe, arder laeni delivareeni nivaarinchadaaniki, anni amalu dheeni prayojanaanni pondavu. chaalaa paddhatulu vaiphalyaanni kooda andistaayi.
bahula interfacelu oka taarkika chirunamanu panchukune vidhamgaa kalayika jaragavacchu (i.ii. aipi) ledhaa oka bhouthika chirunama (i.ii. maak chirunama), ledhaa idhi prati interfaceku daani swantha chirunamanu kaligi undataaniki anumatistundi. modatidaaniki link yokka rendu chivaralanu oke aggregation paddhatini upayoginchaalani avasaram, conny rendodaanipai paniteeru prayojanaalanu kaligi untundi.
chaanal bandham anedi load santulanam nundi vaeru cheyabadutundi, aaa load santulanam network sackett (pora 4) praatipadikana network interfacela madhya traafiknu vibhajistundi, ayithe chaanal bandham anedi diguva sthaayilo bhouthika interfacela madhya traaphik vibajananu suuchistumdi, prati packett (pora 3) ledhaa dayta link (pora 2) praatipadika.
ieeeee link aggregation.
praamaaneekarana prakriya.
1990la madhya natiki, chaalaa mandhi network switch tayaareedaarulu tama switchla madhya bandwidthnu penchadaaniki aggregation saamarthyaanni yajamanya podigimpugaa chaerchaaru. prati tayaareedaaru daani swantha paddhatini abhivruddhi chesaaru, idhi anukuulata samasyalaku daariteesindi. ii. ii. eee. eee. <ii. dii. 1> working group oka interoperable link layer standard (ii.ii. bhouthika mariyu dayta-link poralu rendintinee kaligi untundi) november 1997 samavesamlo. samuuham twaragaa svayamchaalaka aakruteekarana lakshanaanni chaerchadaaniki angeekarinchindi, idhi redendenseeni kooda penchutundi. dheenini link aggregation controll protocol (lacp) anie pilicheevaaru.
802.3dii.
chaalaa gigabit chaanal-banding pathakaalu link aggregation yokka ii. ii. eee. eee pramaanaanni upayoginchaayi, idhi gatamlo ii. ii. eee. eee. <ii. dii. 2> pramaanamlooni 43va nibandhana, dheenini marchi 2000loe ii. ii. eee. eee. <ii. dii. 1> task fores jodinchindi. daadaapu prati network parikaraala tayaareedaaru vaari yajamanya pramaanaala kante eee ummadi pramaanaanni twaragaa sweekarinchaaru.
802.1x.
november 2006loe 9va punarvimarsha project kosam 802.3 nirvahana task fores nivedika konni 802.1 poralu (802.1x bhadrata vantivi) link aggregation krinda protocol stacklo unchabadindani, idhi 802.3 sub leyargaa nirvachinchabadindi. eee vyatyaasaanni parishkarinchadaaniki, 802.3ax (802.1 acks) task fores erpadindi, phalitamgaa 3 november 2008naa iEEE 802.1 acks-2008 prachuranatho protokaalnu 802.1 groupuku adhikarikamga badilee chesaaru.
link aggregation controll protocol.
ii. eee. eee. eee eetharnet pramaanaalalo, link aggregation controll protocol (ell. yea. sii. pii) oke taarkika linknu roopondinchadaaniki aneka bhouthika linklanu kalisi kattadaanni niyantrinchadaaniki oka paddhatini andistundi. oka network parikaram vaari sahacharulaku lakka pyaaketlanu pampadam dwara svayamchaalakamgaa linkla kattadam gurinchi charchinchadaaniki lakka anumatistundi, idhi neerugaa anusandhaaninchabadina parikaram, idhi lakkanu kooda amalu chestundi.
lakka lakshanaalu mariyu aacharanaatmaka udaaharanalu
aacharanaatmaka gamanikalu.
protocol enable cheyabadina anni linklanu framelu (lockpdus) pampadam dwara lockp panichestundi. oka link yokka maroka chivaralo lakkanu kooda praarambhinchina parikaranni kanugonte, aaa parikaram swatantramgaa oke linkula venta framelanu vyatiraeka disalo pamputundi, tadwara rendu unitlu tama madhya bahula linklanu gurtinchadaaniki mariyu vaatini oke taarkika linklo kalapadaniki veelu kalpistundi. lock nuu rendu reetulalo okadaanilo aakruteekarinchavachhuh kriyaaseela ledhaa nishkriyaatmaka. kriyaaseela reetilo, aakruteekarinchina linkula venta sekanuku 1 laksh dus pampabadutundi. nishkriyaatmaka reetilo, oka vaipu nundi maroka vaipu nundi vachhe varaku, oka matlade-matlade-protocol varaku luckdus pampabadavu.
yajamanya link aggregation.
ii. ii. eee. eee. link aggregation upa pramaanaalatoo paatu, sisko yokka eetharchaanel mariyu port aggregation protocol, juniper yokka aggregated eetharnet, avaya yokka multy-link trunking, split multy-link trunking, ruted split multy-link trunking mariyu distributed split multy-link trunking, jdte yokka smart group, huwawi yokka eth-trunk mariyu connectify yokka speedifytho sahaa aneka yajamanya aggregation pathakaalu unnaayi. chaalaa unnata sthaayi network parikaraalu oka rakamaina link aggregationku maddatu istayi. software aadhaarita amalu-bsd "logg" packagy, linux "banding" driver, solaris "dladm aggar" modalainavi. - aneka operating systems kosam unikilo undhi.
linux driverlu.
linux "bandham" driver bahula network interfaces kantrolarlanu (nix) iddaru ledhaa anthakante ekkuva "(nick) baanisalu" anie pilavabade oke taarkika bandham interfacega sameekarinchadaaniki oka paddhatini andistundi. aadhunika linux pampinheelalo ekkuva bhaagam linux kernaltho vastaayi, indulo linux banding driver load cheyadagina kernell modulega mariyu "ifenslave" (iff = [network] interfaces) user-level controll programme mundugaane vyavasthaapinchabadindi. donald becker asalu linux banding drivernu programme chesaaru. idhi linux kernell 2 kosam bavelf cluster paachestho upayogamloki vachindi.
linux banding driver (network interfaces aggregation modlu) kosam modlu load samayamlo kernell banding maadyuulku paaramitulugaa sarafara cheyabadataayi. vaatini command-linega ivvavacchu
insmode" ledhaa "modprobe" aadesaalaku vaadanalu, conny saadhaaranamgaa linux pampinhee-nirdishta aakruteekarana failuloo paerkonabadataayi. oke taarkika bandham gala interfaces yokka pravartana daani perkonna bandham driver mode meeda aadharapadi untundi. default paramiti balance-rr.
linux jattu driver bandham driverku pratyaamnaayaanni andistundi. pradhana vyatyaasam emitante, jattu driver kernell bhaagamlo avasaramaina code mariyu migilina code (link dhruveekarana, lakka amalu, nirnayam teesukovadam modalainavi) matrame untaayi.) anedi "teamed" deamanlo bhaagamgaa user space loe amalu cheyabadutundi.
vadakam.
network vennemuka.
link aggregation anedi edainaa oka port ledhaa parikaram andinchagala daanikante aneka retlu ekkuva daetaanu badilee chese adhika-saamarthyam gala vennemuka netvarknu erpaatu cheyadaaniki chavakaina marganni andistundi. anusandhanam kuudika anedi networkpie demand perige koddi, pratidee bharti cheyakunda mariyu kotta hardwarenu amalu cheyakunda network yokka vennemuka vegam peragadaaniki kooda anumatistundi.
chaalaa vennemuka samsthaapanalu praarambhamlo avasaramaina daanikante ekkuva cabling ledhaa fiber optic jatalanu erpaatu chestaayi. cable kharchu kante kaarmika kharchulu ekkuvagaa undatam valla idhi jarugutundi, mariyu networking avasaramaite adanapu kebulnu nadapadam valla bhavishyat kaarmika kharchulu taggutaayi. portulu andubaatulo unte takkuva ledhaa adanapu kharchu lekunda vennemuka vegaanni penchadaaniki eee adanapu kebullanu upayoginchadaaniki link aggregation anumatistundi.
framela kramam.
traafiknu samatulyam chesetappudu, network nirvaahakulu tarachugaa eetharnet framelanu tirigi kramabaddheekarinchakunda undaalanukuntaaru. udaaharanaku, arder laeni pyaaketlatho vyavaharinchetappudu tcp adanapu ovarhedto baadhapadutundi. oka nirdishta sessionku sambandhinchina anni framelanu oke linkpai pampadam dwara eee lakshyam anchanaa veyabadutundi. saadhaarana amalu luu l2 ledhaa l3 haashlanu upayogistaayi (i.ii. maak ledhaa aipi chirunamala aadhaaramgaa), adhe pravaham ellappuduu oke bhouthika link dwara pampabadutundani nirdhaaristundi.
ayithe, oke ledhaa chaalaa takkuva jatala atidheyulu matrame okaritho okaru sambhaashinchukunnappudu, idhi trunkloni linklalo pampineeni kooda andinchakapovacchu, antey.ii. haashlu chaalaa takkuva vaividhyaanni andinchinappudu. idhi client bandwidthnu mottamgaa samarthavantamgaa parimitam chestundi. oka link puurtigaa load cheyabadi, migilinavi puurtigaa panilekunda untaayi mariyu mottam bandwidth eee okka sabhyudi garishta bandwidthku parimitam cheyabadutundi. eee kaaranamgaa, nija jeevita amalulalo anni trunked linkla yokka samaana load balancing mariyu puurti viniyogam daadaapu eppuduu cherukoledu.
network interfaces kaardulalo upayoginchandi.
kalisi trunk cheyabadina nix edainaa oka nick yokka nirgamaamsaaniki minchina network linklanu kooda andinchagaladu. udaaharanaku, idhi rendu 1-gigabit niklanu kalipi kalipi mottam 2-gigabit connectionnu erpaatu cheyadaaniki central file sarvarnu anumatistundi. dayta signalling raetu ippatikee 1 gbit/s gaa untundani gamaninchandi, idhi link aggregation upayoginchina tarvaata nirgamaamsaanni pareekshinchadaaniki upayoginche paddhatulanu batti tappudova pattinchavachhu.
microsoft vindos.
microsoft vindos sarvar 2012 sthaanikamgaa link aggregationku maddatu istundi. munupati vindos sarvar samskaranalu vaari parikara driver softwarelo eee lakshanam yokka tayaareedaarula maddatupai aadharapaddaayi. udaaharanaku, intel, intel faast eetharnet mariyu gigabit kaardulanu bandhinchadaaniki adhunaatana networking sevalanu (ans) vidudala chesindi.
envidia vaari envidia network access manager/firewall saadhanamtho jattukattadaaniki maddatu istundi. hechpi-branded nix kosam oka team sadhanam undhi, idhi lakkatho sahaa 802.3ad thoo sahaa aneka link aggregation modlaku maddatu istundi. adanamgaa, oke networklo bahula aipi interfacelu unna sarvarlu load balancing cheyadaaniki mariyu okati kante ekkuva internet connection unna inti viniyogadaarulaku, anni interfacelalo lodnu panchukovadam dwara connection vegaanni penchadaaniki anumatinche praathamika layer-3 aggregation undhi.
broadcom broadcom advanced controll suut (BACs) dwara adhunaatana vidhulanu andistundi, dheeni dwara basp (broadcom advanced sarvar programme) yokka jattukrushi kaaryaacharana andubaatulo undhi, idhi 802.3ad static logs, lyap mariyu "smart teamying" nuu andistundi, idhi panicheyadaaniki switchlapy etuvanti aakruteekarana avasaram ledhu. vividha vikretala nundi nix mishramtho baaklatho jattukattadam saadhyamavutundi, vaarilo kaneesam okaru broadcom nundi vachinavaaru mariyu itara nix jattukattadaaniki avasaramaina saamardhyaalanu kaligi unnanta varaku.
linux mariyu unix.
linux, freebsd, netbsd, openbiesdi, makolu, opensolaris mariyu ikes vanti vaanijya unix pampinheelu eetharnet bandhaanni adhika sthaayilo amalu chestaayi mariyu kernell dwara nic maddatu unnanta varaku, vividha tayaareedaarula nundi ledhaa ververu driverlanu upayoginchi niklatho vyavaharinchavacchu.
virtualisation platformlu.
citrics genserver mariyu vmware sx link aggregationku sthaanika maddatunu kaligi unnaayi. genserver static logs mariyu lakka rendintinee andistundi. vsphere 5.1 (essi) vaari virtual distributed swichtho static logs mariyu lock rendintikee sthaanikamgaa maddatu istundi.
microsoft yokka hyper-vii hypervisor sthaayi nundi link aggregation maddatunu andinchadu, conny vindos kinda jattukattadaaniki paina perkonna paddhatulu hyper-vii kii vartistaayi.
parimitulu.
oke switch.
balance-rr", "balance-xor", "broadcast" mariyu "802.3ad" modlatho, link aggregation grouploni anni bhouthika portlu oke taarkika switchlo undaali, idhi chaalaa saadhaarana paristhitulalo, anni linklu anusandhaaninchabadina bhouthika switch offlineku vellinappudu oke paayintnu vadilivestundi. kriyaaseela-backup", "balance-tlb" mariyu "balance-alb" modlanu kooda rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva swichlatho erpaatu cheyavachu. conny vaiphalyam taruvaata (anni itara reetula maadirigaane), konni sandarbhaallo, kriyaaseela sessionlu viphalamavutaayi (arp samasyala kaaranamgaa) mariyu tirigi praarambhinchaalsi untundi.
ayithe, daadaapu anni vikretalu eee samasyalo konnintini parishkarinche yajamanya podigimpulanu kaligi untaru vaaru bahula bhouthika switchlanu oke taarkika marpidiga sameekaristaaru. nortel yokka split multy-link trunking (smlt) protocol bahula eetharnet linklanu stacklo bahula switchlalo vibhajinchadaaniki anumatistundi, edainaa okka point vaiphalyaanni nivaaristundi mariyu adanamgaa anni switchlanu oke access stock nundi bahula aggregation switchlalo samatulyamgaa load cheyadaaniki anumatistundi. eee parikaraalu anusandhanam (access) parikaraniki oke parikaram (switch block) gaa kanipinche vidhamgaa inter-switch trunk (ii. ess. tii) antataa sthithini samakaaleekaristaayi mariyu edainaa packett nakileeni nirodhistaayi. smlt tudi parikaraalaku paaradarsakamgaa panichesetappudu anni speed trunklaku sub-second failover mariyu sub-second rikavareetho merugaina sthithisthaapakathanu andistundi.
bahula-chatram anusandhaana samudaayam vikreta-nirdishta paddhatiloo ilanti lakshanaalanu andistundi. anusandhaaninchabadina parikaraniki, connection saadhaarana link aggregated trunk gaa kanipistundi. indulo unna bahula vanarula madhya samanvayam vikreta-nirdishta paddhatiloo nirvahinchabadutundi.
adhe link vegam.
chaalaa amalulalo, oka aggregationlo upayoginche anni portulu oke bhouthika rakanni kaligi untaayi, anni raagi portulu (10/100/1000 bays-t), anni multy-mode fiber portulu ledhaa anni single-mode fiber portulu vantivi. ayithe, ii. ii. eee. eee pramaanaaniki avasaramainadi prati link puurti duplexga undaali mariyu avanni oke vegaanni kaligi undaali (10,100,1,000 ledhaa 10,000 embit/seey).
aneka switchlu phai swatantramgaa untaayi, antey oka switch raagi, sx, lx, lx10 ledhaa itara gbic/sfp modular transsiverla misramaanni kaligi undavacchu. adhe phaini nirvahinchadam saadhaarana vidhanam ayinappatikee, oka link kosam 1000 bays-sx fibernu mariyu rendava link kosam 1000 bays-lx (podavaina, vaividhyamaina maargam) nuu sameekarinchadam saadhyamavutundi. oka maargamlo ekkuva pracharam samayam undavacchu, conny chaalaa amalu oke bhouthika linkpai oke traaphik pravahanni unchutundi (mack chirunamalu, aipi chirunamalu ledhaa aipi/transport-layer port kalayikalanu suuchikagaa upayoginchadam) idhi samasyaatmaka avt-off-arder delivareeki kaaranam kaadu.
eetharnet aggregation asamatulyata.
"aggregation mismatch" anedi link yokka rendu chivarlalo aggregation rakanni saripolchakapovadam. konni switchlu 802.1ax pramaanaanni amalu cheyavu conny link aggregation yokka static configurationku maddatu istayi. anduvalla, adevidhamgaa sthiramgaa configure cheyabadina switchla madhya link aggregation pani cheyavachu, conny sthiramgaa configure cheyabadina switch mariyu lakka kosam configure cheyabadina parikaram madhya viphalamavutundi.
udaaharanalu.
eetharnet.
eetharnet interfacelalo, chaanal bandhaaniki eetharnet switch mariyu host computer yokka operating system rendinti nundi sahayam avasaram, idhi network interfacela antataa framela pampineeni ii/oo discla antataa stripe chesina vidhamgaane "strip" cheyali. eee kaaranamgaa, chaanal bandham gurinchi konni charchalu chavakaina nodes (varsham) yokka anavasaramaina shrenini ledhaa "swatantra network interfacela anavasaramaina shrenini" kooda suuchistaayi.
modemlu.
analog modemlalo, kundalapai bahula dial-up linklu bandhinchabadavachhu. atuvanti bandham gala anusandhaanaalapai nirgamaamsamu anedi, linkulapai avtgoing network anusandhanalanu load-balance chese routing pathakaala kinda nirgamaamsamu kante bandham gala anusandhaanaala yokka mottam bandwidthku daggaragaa raavacchu.
dsl.
adevidhamgaa, adhika bandwidthnu ivvadaaniki bahula dsl linelanu bandhinchavachhu; united kingdamlo, 2 megabit/seey bandwidthku matrame praapyata unna praantaalalo, udaaharanaku 512 kebit/seey uploaded bandwidth mariyu 4 megabit/seey download bandwidthnu ivvadaaniki konnisaarlu asl bandhinchabadutundi.
doxis.
cable tv (catt vii) vyavasthala dwara dayta kosam doxis 3 mariyu 3.1 specificationla kinda, bahula chaanellanu bandhinchavachhu. doxis 3 kinda, 32 diguva mariyu 8 eguva chaanella varaku bandhinchabadavachhu. ivi saadhaaranamgaa 6 ledhaa 8 MHz vedalpu kaligi untaayi. doxis 3.1 sthaayi upa vahakalu mariyu pedda kalpana maargaala vadda aggregation kaligi unna marinta sanklishtamaina erpaatlanu nirvachistundi.
wireless broadband.
broadband bandham anedi oka rakamaina chaanal bandham, idhi naalugava ledhaa anthakante ekkuva sthaayilo osi porala vadda bahula chaanellanu sameekarinchadaanni suuchistumdi. bandhinchabadina chaanallu tii-1 ledhaa dsl line vanti vairdu linklu kaavacchu. adanamgaa, samagra wireless bandham gala link kosam bahula cellular linklanu bandhinchadam saadhyamavutundi.
munupati bandha paddhatulu diguva osi poralalo undevi, amalu kosam telecommunication companylatho samanvayam avasaram. broadband bandham, idhi adhika porala vadda amalu cheyabadinanduna, eee samanvayam lekunda cheyavachu.
broadband chaanal bandham yokka vaanijya amalu krindi vidhamgaa untundih