eritriyaalo matam

eritrialo matam aneka vishwaasaalanu kaligi untundi. eritriyaalo rendu pradhana mataalu kraistava matam mariyu islam. ayithe, prati mataaniki chendina anucharula sankhya charchaku lobadi untundi. janabhalo kraistavula vataa 47 saatam mariyu 43 saatam madhya untundani anchanaa veyagaa, janabhalo muslimla vataa 37 saatam nundi 57 saatam varaku untundani anchanaa veyabadindi.
chaalaa mandhi eritrian kraistavulu eritrian orthodox tevahedo charchiki chendinavaaru, ayithe oka minority varusaga eritrian catholic charchi mariyu vividha protestant thegalatho anubandham kaligi undhi. eritrian muslimlu pradhanamgaa sunneelu.
kraistava matam mariyu sunni islam yokka adhikarikamga gurtinchabadina thegalatho paatu, anni itara vishwaasaalu mariyu tegala suutrapraayamgaa namodu prakriyaku lonavvali; aacharanalo vaaru namodu chesukovadaniki anumatinchabadaru. itara vishayaalatoepaatu, prabhutva namodu vyavasthalo matha samuuhaalu tama sabhyatvampai vyaktigata samacharanni samarpinchaalsi untundi, tadwara vaaru aaraadhinchadaaniki anumatinchabadataaru.
mataalu mariyu mataalu.
eritriyaalo rendu pradhana mataalu unnaih kraistava matam (naalugu vargaalu) mariyu islam (kevalam sunni matam). ayithe, anucharula sankhya charchaku lobadi undhi.
eritriyaalo matha charitra.
aadhunika eritria mariyu uttara ethiopialoni tigray praantaanni ekkuvagaa kaligi unna aksam rajyam modati ledhaa rendava sataabdaalaloo ekkado udbhavinchindi. axumitelu aneka pedda stambhaalanu nirminchaaru, ivi kraistava puurva kaalamlo mataparamaina prayojanaanni andinchaayi. rajyam erpadina 200 samvatsaraala taruvaata, idhi izana raaju aadhvaryamlo kraistava mataanni sweekarinchindi. aafrikaalo himsanu edurkontunna muslimla samuuham aksam raajyaaniki valasa vellinanduna, aafrikaalo mottamodati islaamik sthaavaraalalo eritria kooda okati. islam pravakta mohammed yokka "sahabah" (sahacharulalo) loe okaraina utman ibn affan raakato cree. sha. 615 loe islam ethiopia mariyu eritriyaaku vyaapinchindi. utman hejaz nundi tarimikottabaddaadu mariyu akshatantudaina raaju, ashama ibn abzar rakshanalo ethiopialoni tigray praantamlooni akshatantudilo aasrayam pondaadu.
maroe goppa shakti ethiopialoni harar imam, ahmed ibn ibraheem all-ghajilo vachindi, dheenini ahmed gurey ledhaa gragn anie kooda pilustaaru. all-ghazi somali, harari, oromo, afar, saaho, argobba, hadia, silte mariyu prastuta ethiopia, eritria, jibouti mariyu somalia nundi guraj sainikulatoe kuudina muslim dalaalaku naayakatvam vahinchaadu. vahinchaadu ayana peethabhoomipai daadi cheyadam praarambhinchaadu. naalugu samvatsaraalalo athanu ethiopia mariyu eritria yokka tigray praanthamtho sahaa kraistava ettaina praantaalalo ekkuva bhaganni naasanam chesaadu. athanu lakshalaadi mandhi kraistavulanu balavantamgaa islam matamloki marchadu. longipovadam, matamarpidi cheyadam dwara matrame prajalu tama praanaalanu kaapaadukovacchu. portugeesu jokyam matrame sanghatanala pravahanni marchivesindi. vaaru vaaru massavalo digi, eritriyanlu, ethiopiansnu peethabhoomi nundi imam dalaalanu tarimikottadaaniki sahayam chesaaru. muslim dalaalu chedaragotti, venakki taggai mariyu adrusyamayyaayi.
adrusyamayyaayi jesuitlu modatisaarigaa eritriyaaku kaathalikkulanu teesukuvacchaaru. teesukuvacchaaru, deshaanni (oka sanaatana desham) kaathalikkulugaa maarchaalanukunnanduku eee kramaanni eritria nundi bahishkarinchaaru. 19va sataabdamloo italianlu eritrianu tama prabhava paridhiloki teesukuraavadam praarambhinchaaru mariyu roman kaathalikkulanu mallee pravesapettaaru. missionarylu 19va sataabdamloo kanipinchi lutheran mariyu suvaarta charchilanu sthaapinchaaru. eee samsthalu aacharananu konasaaginchadaaniki anumatinchabaddaayi. ayithe, kotta samuuhaalu eritrialo sthaavaraanni staapinchakundaa nirutsaahaparachabaddaayi.
kraistava matam.
paina chuupina vividha anchanaalu kraistavatvaanni (anni vargaalu) eritria janabhalo 47 saatam nundi 63 saatam madhya matamgaa perkonnaayi. khandamloni itara praantaalalo, aafrikaalo kraistava mataanni pradhanamgaa european missionarylu pravesapettinappatiki, poruguna unna ethiopialoni eritria mariyu tigray praantamlooni tigray-tigrinia prajala vishayamlo (ledhaa ethiopialoni amhara prajala vishayamlo) idhi jaragaledu. uttara tigray mariyu eritria yokka madhya ettaina praantaalalo kendreekrutamaina aksam rajyam yokka puraatana saamrajyam madhyadhara prapanchamtho sannihita sambandhaalanu kaligi undhi, dheenilo kraistavatvam perigindi. kraistava matam 4va sataabdamloo eritrian mariyu tigrayan praantaalaku cherukundi, mundugaa unna yoodu/jeevasambandha mishrama vaataavaranamloo dynamicga abhivruddhi chendindi. tigrayan-tigrinyalu airopalo chaalaa sataabdaala mundu kraistava matamloki maararu, tadwara prapanchamlooni puraatana prabhutva charchilalo okadaanni sthaapinchaaru. thoorpu aafrikaalo 4va sataabdapu syrian frumentius yokka captic missionloo eritrian orthodox vaari muulaalanu kaligi undhi, modati arch bishop axum yokka izana (r. 320-360). mataparamaina bhavanaalalo, 4va sataabdam nundi 14va sataabdam varaku atyanta mukhyamaina thedhee; udaaharanaku libanos, bijen mariyu sinaa.
eritrian orthodox tevahedo charchi.
sarvela prakaram, janabhalo sanaatana kraistavulu 56-58% unnaaru. eritriyaaloni kraistava janabhalo ekkuva mandhi eritrian orthodox tevahedo charchiki chendinavaaru, idhi gatamlo ethiopian orthodox tevahedo charchiki chendinadi. chendinadi swaatantryam vacchina taruvaata alegjaandriyaaloni captic orthodox charchi eritrian charchini gurtinchindi, gurtinchindi rendu porugu charchilu tama hodaanu dhruvikarinchayi. april april asmara maajee arch bishop abun philipose pitruswamya hodaaku edigaaru. athanu athanu maraninchaadu mariyu athani taruvaata abune yakob vacchaadu. eritria pitarudigaa abune yakob paalana chaalaa kluptamgaa undhi, endukante athanu simhasananni adhishtinchina koddikaalaanike maraninchaadu, athani taruvaata abune antonios eritria yokka 3va pitarudigaa vacchaadu. abun antonios 5 marchi 2004naa ennikayyaaru mariyu 24 april 2004naa eritria yokka sampradaaya tevahedo charchi yokka moodava pitarudigaa simhasananni adhishtinchaaru. pope shenauda III, eritrian sampradaaya charchi yokka pavitra sinode mariyu captic sampradaaya charchi pratinidhi brundamtho kalisi asmaralo jarigina vedukaku adhyakshata vahinchaaru. antoniosnu taruvaata prabhutvam adhikarikamga tolaginchindi. ayithe, abun antonios tappugaa tolaginchabaddaadani chaalaa mandhi nammutaaru, inca atanni pitrusvaamyamgaa bhaavistaaru. chaalaa mandhi eritrian sanaatana anucharulu mataparamaina vishayaalalo eritrian prabhutvam nirnayaalu teesukoovadaanni angeekarincharu.
kaathalikkulu.
eritrian janabhalo kaathalikkulu 4-5% unnaaru. eritrian catholic charchi mariyu roman catholic charchilo asmara, keren mariyu barentula diocesslu unnaayi. eritriyaaloni kaathalikkulu pradhanamgaa alegzandrian aacharam yokka geez roopaantaraanni anusaristaaru, conny roman aacharam kooda upayoginchabadutundi. desamlo eparches anie piluvabade naalugu praadaesika adhikara paridhulu unnaayi. italian eritria sakaaniki mundu, roman kaathalikkulanu seyint justine dii jacobis mariyu vincentian tandrulu ippatike desamloki pravesapettaaru. nedu charchi oka pratyaekamaina eritrian charchi, praardhanalo geez bhashanu upayogistundi, ayinappatikee chinna italian mariyu itaalo-eritrian samajam kosam, pradhanamgaa asmaralo, italian mariyu laatinlo kooda prajaaneekam jarupukuntaaru. eritria oka italian kaalaneega unnappudu, valasavaadulu mariyu italian sainyam anthaa latin charchiki chendinavaaru chendinavaaru vaaru mottam janabhalo 11 saatam unnaaru. maa laedii off dhi rosary charchi vaari pradhana charchi. kabatti, 1940la praarambhamlo italian eritria kaalaneelo daadaapu 28 saatam mandhi prajala matam kaathalikkulu.
protestantism.
protestantlu, konnisaarlu yaasa paeru "p 'ant' aay" anie pilustaaru, eritrialo kraistavulalo 1 saatam nundi 5 saatam kante takkuva mandhi unnaaru. oka chinna charchi anedi aritria yokka kaale hivot charchi. protestant tegalalo kraistava sodarulu, evangelical charchi mccaney yesus, eretria yokka evangelical lutheran charchi unnaayi. unnaayi swedish missionarylu eretria yokka suvaarta/lutheran charchini sthaapinchaaru. edemaina, roman catholic italianlu tama kaalaneelo protestantism vyaaptini pratighatinchi, nirutsaahaparachadamtho mariyu swedish missionaryla karyakalapalapai nishedhaalu mariyu aneka parimitulu vidhinchadamtho catholic charchi madhya udriktata erpadindi. eritria yokka lutheran charchi mariyu daani swedish mariyu eritrian missionarylu unnata mataachaaryulu matrame ardham chesukunna geez bhasha nundi baibilnu tigrinia bhasha mariyu itara sthaanika bhaashalaloki anuvadinchaaru mariyu vaari pradhana lakshyam vidya dwara prapanchamlo saadhyamainanta ekkuva mandini cherukovadam mariyu "ghnaanoodayam" cheyadam.
islam.
paina chuupina vividha anchanaalu islaamnu eritria janabhalo 37 saatam nundi 52 saatam madhya matamgaa perkonnaayi. mottam janabhalo mottam vataa emainappatiki, 2009 nivedika prakaram, eritrian muslimlalo 99 saataaniki paiga sunneelu, 1 saatam kante takkuva shiyalu unnaaru.
charitra.
eritriyaalo islam charitranu 7va sataabdamloo matam praarambhamainappati nundi gurtinchavacchu. gurtinchavacchu, mohammed anucharulu kondaru aasrayam pondadaaniki massavaku vacchaarani chebutaaru. tvaralo, muslimlu eritria tiiraalaloo sthirapadi, maseedulu mariyu itara nirmaanaalanu nirminchaaru. ayithe, 8va sataabdam prarambham varaku islam prabhavam balamgaa kanapadatam praarambhinchindi. 7va sataabdam chivaralo mariyu 8va sataabdam praarambhamlo eritrian teeramlo islaamik raajyaala perugudalaku sakshyam vahinchindi. 9va sataabdam natiki, islam matam eritria thoorpu tiiraalaku vyaapinchindi mariyu eee praantamlooni konni sthaanika samuuhaalu eee mataanni avalambinchadam praarambhinchaayi.
11va sataabdam chivaralo, athiopia, yemen, bharatadesam mariyu egyptutho vaanijya sambandhaalanu kaligi unna sampanna raajyamaina dahalaklo oka muslim sultanet sthaapinchabadindi. 13va sataabdam natiki, eritriyaaloni aneka sanchaara samuuhaalu islaamnu sweekarinchadam praarambhinchaayi mariyu vishwaasaanni marinta pracharam cheyadaaniki sahayapaddayi. 15va sataabdam natiki, islam baga sthirapadindi mariyu aneka mandhi eritriyanla madhya vileenam cheyabadindi.
taruvaata ottoman saamrajyam krinda eritriyaalo islam vyaapinchindi, pradhana bhuubhaagam eritriyaaloni tiger prajalu vanti jaathi samuuhaalu islaamloki maaradam praarambhinchaayi. 19va sataabdamloo chaalaa lothattu pululu islaamnu alaage konni bilenlanu angeekarinchaayi. 19va sataabdam chivaralo, bhaktudaina kraistava tigrayan ayina chakravarthy yohans IV paalanalo, muslim tigrayanlu balavantamgaa vaari illa nundi bahishkarinchabaddaaru mariyu raaja ethiopian adhikaaraaniki cherukokunda, ippudu eritrialo unna sameepa uttara praantaalalo aasrayam pondaaru.
yoodamatam.
4va sataabdamloo kraistava matam abyssinia (puraatana eritria mariyu uttara ethiopia) yokka adhikaarika matamgaa maaradaaniki mundu, eritrialo yoodamatam bhaareega undani nammutaaru. kotta mataanni sweekarinchadaaniki niraakarinchina vaaru dakshina ethiopia parvathaalalo aasrayam pondavalasi vachindi. gondar, ethiopia mariyu dakshina tigrelalo beata izrael ledhaa "falasha" anie piluvabade yoodula yekagratanu idhi vivaristundi. ayithe, jaathi yoodulapai peddagaa anachiveta jaragaledu.
prastuta eritrian yoodu samajanni 19va sataabdam chivaralo italian valasarajyala vistarana dwara nadiche kotta vaanijya avakaasaala dwara aakarshinchabadina yemen nundi yemenite yoodulu praarambhinchaarani nammutaaru. aaa samayamlo airopaloni yoodu vyatiraeka palanala nundi tappinchukovadaaniki eritriyaaku vachhe european saranaarthula nundi yoodula janabha perigindi. perigindi chaalaa mandhi ijraayelku valasa vacchaaru. british paripalana samayamlo, eritrianu tarachugaa irgan mariyu lehi gerillalaku bahishkarana pradaesamgaa upayoginchaaru. khaidu cheyabadina vaarilo bhavishyat izrael pradhani yitzac shameer mariyu beater jerusalem vyavasthaapakudu haim corfu unnaaru. unnaaru eritrianu ethiopia swaadheenam chesukunna taruvaata eritrian swaatantrya yuddham praarambhamaindi. aaa samayamlone yoodulu eritrianu vidichipettadam praarambhinchaaru. 1970la praarambhamlo, eritria mariyu ethiopia ethiopia eritria yokka adhikaarika swaatantrya prakatana varaku mariyu antaku minchi) madhya himsa kaaranamgaa yoodula valasalu perigayi. eritrian prabhutvam gurtinchina naalugu mataalalo judaism okati kaadu, vaastavaaniki, 2006 natiki eritrialo chivari sthaanika yoodudu matrame migili unnadu-samee kohen, athanu asmara yoodula mandiram mariyu smasaanavaatikaku veltaadu.
bhougolikam mariyu jaathi samuuham dwara mataparamaina anubandham.
united states department off state nundi vacchina 2018 nivedika prakaram, dakshina mariyu madhya eritrialo janabha pradhanamgaa kraistavulu kaga, uttara eritrialo janabha pradhanamgaa muslimlu. adhe nivedika prakaram, tigrinia jaathi samuuham pradhanamgaa kraistavulu kaga, tiger mariyu rasheeda samuuhaalu pradhanamgaa muslimlu.
ekkuva mandhi kraistavulu dakshina, madhya mariyu uttara eritriyaaloni konni praantaalalo kanipinche eritrian ettaina praantaalalo kanipistaaru. janabhalo daadaapu 60 saatam unna tigrinialo ekkuva mandhi kraistavulu unnaaru. kunamaalo ekkuva mandhi kaathalikkulu, koddimandi muslimlu mariyu kondaru saampradaaya swadeshi mataalanu aacharinchevaaru. bilenlalo sumaru 40 saatam mandhi kraistavulu, veerilo ekkuva mandhi kaathalikkulu.
eritriyaaloni muslimlalo ekkuva mandhi thoorpu, teerapraanta lothattu praantaalatoo paatu sudan sarihadduku sameepamlo unna paschima lothattu praantaalalo nivasistunnaaru. chaalaa varaku vividha afro-asea communitylaku chendinavi, mukhyamgaa tiger, saaho, afar, rasheeda, beja mariyu billen jaathi samuuhaalaku chendinavi. tigrinyalalo daadaapu 5 saatam mandhi muslimlu kooda unnaaru; vaaru beehar-tigrinyala nundi bhinnamaina jaathi nepathyaanni kaligi unnappatikee, vaarini jeberty anie pilustaaru; 19va sataabdamloo soudhi arabialoni hejaz praantam nundi valasa vacchina rasheeda oka arab tega. adanamgaa, konni kunama nilots maadirigaane, adhika sankhyalo nilo-saharan matlade nara jaathi minoritylu kooda islanku kattubadi unnaaru.
chattaparamaina framework mariyu parimitulu.
eritrian rajyangam aalochana, manassakshi mariyu nammakam yokka swechhanu andistundi; mariyu yea mataanni aacharinche mariyu vyaktam chese hakkuku haamii istundi. istundi daani dhruvikarana tarvaata rajyangam amalu cheyabadaledu. rajyangam amalu cheyabadananduna, mataparamaina samsthalu mariyu karyakalapalanu chattabaddhamgaa praamaaneekarinchadaaniki mariyu vyakteekarinchadaaniki prakatana nem. 1995 naati 73/1995. ayithe prakatana nem. 73/1995 loukikavaadam yokka kathinamaina suutraanni spashtamgaa ponduparichindi, idhi prati eritrian jaateeyudi aalochanaa swechcha, manassakshi mariyu vishwaasa hakku chattam dwara haamii ivvabadi gouravinchabadutundani kooda perkondi.
ayithe, prakatana nem. 73/1995 idhi kooda nirvachistundihi 1) mataparamaina karyakalapalu pralobhamtho kakunda avagahana mariyu vishwaasamtho vyaapti chendutaayi (tadwara kotta matha udyamam mariyu suvaarta kraistava samuuham matamarpidi patla shatru vaikharini vivaristundi); mariyu 2) mataparamaina karyakalapalu dhesha chattaniki anugunamgaa mariyu gouravamgaa nirvahinchabadataayi mariyu mukhyamgaa prajala mariyu desham yokka shanti, sthirathvam mariyu aikyatanu kaapaadataayi.
antekakunda, prabhutvam mariyu matam mariyu matha samsthala madhya sambandham, alaage matha samsthalatho vyavaharinchae vidhanalu chattaniki anugunamgaa roopondinchabadaali anae vaastavam (loukika suutraala kaaranamgaa) kooda prakatana spashtamgaa undhi. eee prakatana prakaram antargata vyavahaaraala mantritva saakhalo mataparamaina vyavahaaraala vibhagam erpaatu cheyabadindi. mataparamaina karyakalapalu mariyu samsthalanu niyantrinche baadhyata dheeniki undhi. mataalu, matha samsthalu raajakeeya karyakalapallo paalgonakuudadani, rashtra loukika swabhaavaaniki aatamkam kaliginche raajakeeya samasyalapai vyaakhyaaninchakuudadani prakatana nokki chebutundi. mataparamaina samuuhaalu mataparamaina paaraamitula aadhaaramgaa saamaajika sevalanu praarambhinchadaanni ledhaa andinchadaanni kooda eee uttarvu nishedhistundi.
eee prakatanalo matha samuuhaalu prabhutvamlo namodu chesukovadam ledhaa karyakalapalanu nilipiveyadam avasaram. namodu kaani ledhaa chattaniki anugunamgaa laeni matha samuuhaala sabhyulu taatkaalika sikshaasmruti kinda jarimaanaalaku lobadi untaaru. adhikaarika gurtimpu koorutuu matha samuuhaala darakhaastula aamodaanito sahaa mataparamaina karyakalapalu mariyu samsthalanu niyantrinche adhikaram mataparamaina vyavahaaraala kaaryaalayaaniki undhi.
matha samuuhaalu prati samvatsaram tama namodunu punaruddharinchukovali. punaruddharinchukovali, roman catholic charchi mariyu evangelical lutheran charchi off eritria (lutheran varald federationtho anubandhamgaa) registration darakhaastulanu samarpinchaalsi vachindi mariyu darakhaastulu aamodinchabade varaku mataparamaina karyakalapalu mariyu sevalanu nilipiveyavalasi vachindi.
namodu kaani matha samuuhaala patla chikitsa.
loukika prabhutvaanni" gurtinchadaaniki mariyu swaatantryam paie prajabhipraya sekaranalo paalgonadaaniki niraakarinchinanduku yehovasakshula vyapara licensulanu prabhutvam raddu chesindi. yehovasakshulu kooda jaateeya sevalo paalgonadaaniki niraakarinchaaru. raajakeeya tatasthata, sainika sevapai manassakshi abhyantaram yehovasakshula vishwaasaaniki mukhya amsaalu. eritrialo jaateeya sevalo poura bhaagam unnappatikee, anni eritriyanlu sainika sikshananu chepattaali mariyu eritriyanlu saadhaaranamgaa vaaru yea rakamaina sevanu nirvahistaaro enchukoleru. aaa uttarvu jaarii cheyabadinappati nundi, yehovasakshulu prabhutvam jaarii chesina gurtimpu mariyu prayaana patraalanu (vivahalu ledhaa bhoomi konugollaku chattaparamaina gurtimpu kosam avasaramainavi) pondadam ledhaa prabhutva udyogaalu pondadam; alaage vyapara licensulanu pondadam vantivi nishedhinchabaddaayi.

