broka praantam

broka praantam, ledhaa broka praantam (,,), anedi medadu yokka aadhipatya ardhagolamloni mundu bhaagamlo, saadhaaranamgaa edama vaipuna, prasangam utpattitoe mudipadi unna vidhulatho kuudina praantam.
iddaru rogulalo pier paal broka balaheenatalanu nivedinchinappati nundi bhasha prosessing broka praanthamtho mudipadi undhi. medadulooni posterior diguva frontal gyrus (pars triangularis) triangularis) kuu gaayam ayina taruvaata vaaru matlade saamarthyaanni kolpoyaru. appati nundi, athanu gurtinchina sumaru praantam broka praantam anie piluvabadindi, mariyu bhasha utpattilo lotu broka afasia anie kooda pilustaaru, dheenini vyakteekarana afasia anie kooda pilustaaru. broka yokka praantam ippudu saadhaaranamgaa diguva frontal gyrus yokka pars opercularis mariyu pars tribhujaakaara paramgaa nirvachinchabadindi, idhi broadman yokka cytoarchitectonic maplo broadman praantam 44 mariyu broadman praantam 45 aadhipatya ardhagolamgaa suuchimchabadutumdi.
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) bhasha prosessing loe diguva frontal gyrus pars arbitalis yokka moodava bhaagam, alaage alaage yokka ventral bhaagam kooda untaayi, ivi ippudu tarachugaa broka praantam anie piluvabade pedda praantamloo cherchabaddaayi.
deerghakaalika afasia adhyayanalu vividha prasangam mariyu bhasha vidhulalo broka yokka praantam yokka mukhyamaina paatranu suuchimchaayi. inca, fmri adhyayanalu vividha bhasha panulatho anubandhinchabadina broka praantamloo kriyaaseelata namuunaalanu kooda gurtinchaayi. ayithe, medadu kanitula dwara broka praantaanni nemmadigaa naasanam cheyadam valla prasangam saapekshamgaa chekkuchedarakunda untundi, daani vidhulu medadulooni sameepamloni praantaalaku maaravacchani suuchistumdi.
nirmaanam.
broka yokka praantam tarachugaa medadu yokka sthalaakruthi yokka drushya tanikhi dwara salsi vanti sthuula nirmaanaatmaka gurtula dwara ledhaa oka nirdishta reference pradaesamloe coordinatela specification dwara gurtinchabadutundi. prastutam upayoginchina talyrock mariyu tournox atlas prajectulu broadman yokka cytoarchitectonic myapnu template medadupai unchutaayi. endukante broadman yokka parchalation cytoarchitectonic sarihaddula aatmaasraya drushya tanikheepai aadharapadi undhi mariyu broadman oka medadulooni oka ardhagolaanni matrame vislaeshimchaadu, phalitamgaa aspashtamgaa untundi. inca, medadulo aakaram, parimaanam mariyu sthaanam paramgaa salk mariyu gyral nirmaanaaniki sambandhinchi gananeeyamaina vaividhyam kaaranamgaa, phalitamgaa sthaanikeekarana khachitatvam parimitam avutundi.
ayinappatikee, edama ardhagolamlo broka yokka praantam mariyu kudi ardhagolamlo daani homolog saadhaaranamgaa diguva frontal gyrus (ptr) yokka tribhujaakaara bhaganni mariyu diguva frontal gyrus (pop) yokka oppercular bhaganni suuchimchadaaniki upayogistaaru. pii. tii. aarr mariyu pop anevi broadman vargeekarana pathakam dwara, takkuva sthaayi frontal gyrasnu varusaga 45 mariyu 44 yokka puurva mariyu prushtha cytoarchitectonic praantalugaa vibhajinche nirmaanaatmaka gurtula dwara nirvachinchabaddaayi.
area 45, area 44 thoo poliste, prefrontal cartex, unnatamaina temporal gyrus mariyu unnatamaina temporal sulcus nundi ekkuva anubandha connectionlanu pondutundi, idhi motaru, somatosensory mariyu takkuva sthaayi parshwa praantaala nundi ekkuva anubandha connectionlanu pondutundi.
cytoarchitecturelo 45 mariyu 44 madhya unna thedaalu mariyu anusandhaanamlo eee praantaalu vividha vidhulanu nirvahinchavacchani suuchistunnaayi. vaastavaaniki, iteevali neuroimaging adhyayanalu, varusaga 45 mariyu 44 praantaalaku anugunamgaa, ptr mariyu pop, bhasha grahanasakti mariyu charya gurtimpu/avagahanaku sambandhinchi maanavulalo vibhina kriyaatmaka paatralanu poeshistaayani choopinchaayi.
purushula kante mahilallo broka praantam 20 saatam ekkuvagaa untundi.
vidhulu.
bhasha avagahana.
chaalaa kaalam paatu, broka praantam yokka paatra bhasha grahanasakti kante bhasha utpattiki ekkuva ankitamai undani bhaavinchaaru. ayithe, broka praantam kooda bhasha grahanaseelatalo mukhyamaina paatra pooshistundani niroopinchadaaniki aadharalu unnaayi. broka praantamloo gayalu unna rogulu agramatical speach utpattini pradarsinchevaaru kooda vaakyaala ardhaanni nirnayinchadaaniki vaakyanirmaana samacharanni upayoginchalekapovadaanni chuuputaaru. alaage, sanklishtamaina vaakyaala prosessing samayamlo aneka neuroimaging adhyayanalu broka yokka praantam, mukhyamgaa edama diguva frontal gyrus yokka pars opercularis yokka prameyaanni suuchimchaayi. inca, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) prayogaalu atyanta aspashtamaina vakyalu marinta sakriyam cheyabadina takkuva frontal gyrusku daariteestaayani choopinchaayi. anduvalla, atyanta aspashtamaina kantentto anubandhinchabadina perigina tirigi pondadaaniki gala demandla kaaranamgaa, diguva frontal gyruslo kaaryaacharana sthaayi mariyu lexical aspashtata sthaayi okadaanikokati neerugaa anulomaanupaatamlo untaayi.
broka praantamloo avagahana yokka pratyeka amsaalaku kooda pratyekata undhi. devlin mariyu itarulache pani. (2003) punaraavruta transcronial magnetic stimulation (rtms) adhyayanamlo pars tribhujaakaara (broka yokka praantam yokka puurva bhaagamlo unna) lakshyamtho artmla krinda ardhaparamaina panini nirvahistunnappudu pratispandana samayaalalo perugudala undani choopinchindi. praticharya samayala perugudala aaa abhignaa paniteerunu proses cheyadaaniki aaa nirdishta praantam baadhyata vahistundani suuchistumdi. tms dwara eee praantaalaku antaraayam kaliginchadam valla gananalanu nirvahinchadaaniki avasaramaina samayanni penchadaaniki daariteese praantaalalo nirvahinchina gananalaku antaraayam kaligistundi (pratispandana samayaalalo pratibimbistumdi). taruvaata nixon mariyu itarulu pani chesaaru. pars opercularis (broka yokka praantam yokka prushtha bhaagamlo unna) rtms kinda prerepinchabadinappudu, oka phonological paniloo pratispandana samayaalalo perugudala undani (2004) choopinchindi. guff mariyu itarulu. (2005) eee munupati rachanala yokka amsaalanu militam chestu oka prayogaanni nirvahinchindi, dheenilo broka yokka praantam yokka puurva ledhaa prushtha bhaagamlo rtms uddeepanatoo phonological mariyu semantic panulu rendoo nirvahinchabaddaayi. eee prayogam nundi vacchina phalitaalu bhasha grahanaseelata yokka vividha bhagala kosam broka yokka praantamloo shareera nirmaana pratyaekatanu nischayamgaa vaeru chesaayi. ikkada phalitaalu rtms uddeepana kinda chupinchayi 
saaramsamgaa, paina perkonna pani bhasha grahanasakti kosam broka yokka praantamloo shareera nirmaana pratyaekatanu chooputundi, broka yokka praantam yokka puurva bhaagam padaala ardham (semantics) mariyu broka yokka praantam yokka prushtha bhaagam ardham chesukovadaniki baadhyata vahistundi.
charya gurtimpu mariyu utpatti.
broka yokka praantam vividha abhignaa mariyu grahanasaktito kuudina panulalo paalgontunnatlu iteevali prayogaalu suuchimchaayi. motaru sambandhita prakriyalalo broadman yokka praantam 44 yokka oka mukhyamaina sahakaram kooda kanipistundi. kadile jantuvulanu pooli unde ardhavantamaina chethi needanu gamaninchadam mundu bhasha praantaanni sakriyam chestundi, broka praantam nijamgaa itarula charyanu ardham chesukovadamlo paatra pooshistundani niroopistundi. grosping mariyu manipulation amalu chesetappudu baa 44 yokka kriyaaseelata kooda nivedinchabadindi.
prasangam-sambandhita havabhavalu.
prasangam-sambandhita havabhavalu lexical ledhaa centential aspashtatanu tagginchagalavani oohinchabadindi, prasangam-sambandhita havabhavala samakshamlo grahanasakti merugupadaali. merugaina avagahana phalitamgaa, broka yokka praantam yokka prameyam tagginchaali.
aneka neuroimaging adhyayanalu ardhavantamaina chethi havabhavalanu suchinchetappudu broka yokka praantaanni sakriyam cheyadaanni kooda choopinchaayi. padaalu mariyu sangnalu daani motaru lakshyam mariyu uddesyam vanti nirdishta sangnala amsaala anuvaada sthaayilo sambandham kaligi unnayani iteevali adhyayanam rujuvulanu choopinchindi. eee praantam lopabhooyishtamgaa unnappudu, sanketha bhashanu upayoginche vaariki kooda bhasha lopaalu enduku unnayo vivarinchadaaniki eee kanugonadam sahaayapadutundi. eee aavishkarana, havabhavala amsaalu broka praantamloo padaalaloo anuvadinchabaddaayi, parinaama paramgaa bhasha abhivruddhini kooda vivaristundi. nijaaniki, chaalaa mandhi rachayitalu sangnala nundi udbhavinchina aadima sambhaashana nundi prasangam udbhavinchindani pratipaadinchaaru. (krinda chudandi.)
broka praantam lekunda matladatam.
broka praantaaniki nashtam saadhaaranamgaa vishaya padajaalamtho kuudina telegraphic prasamgamtho mudipadi untundi. udaaharanaku, broka afasia unna vyakti "drive, store" vantidi cheppavacchu. amma."antey," naa talli nannu eee roeju dukaanaaniki teesukellindi."anduvalla, samacharam yokka content sarainadi, conny vaakyam yokka vyaakaranam mariyu draavaneeyata ledhu.
bhasha daadaapu chekkuchedarakunda vadilivestune daanini naasanam cheyagaladu kabatti prasangam utpattilo broka praantam yokka mukhyamaina paatra prashninchabadindi. oka computer injanir vishayamlo, nemmadigaa perugutunna glioma tumour tolaginchabadindi. kaniti mariyu shastrachikitsa edama diguva mariyu madhya frontal gyrus, caudate nucleus yokka thala, antargata gulika yokka puurva avayavam mariyu puurva insulaanu naasanam chesindi. ayithe, tolaginchina moodu nelala tarvaata bhasha samasyalu takkuvagaa undevi mariyu vyakti thana vruttiparamaina paniki tirigi vacchaadu. eee chinna samasyalalo rendu kante ekkuva subjectlu, bahula kaarana samyogaalu ledhaa nivedinchabadina prasamgamtho sahaa vaakyanirmanaparamgaa sanklishtamaina vaakyalanu srushtinchalekapovadam unnaayi. pani chese ghnaapakasakti samasyala kaaranamgaa ivi unnayani parisoedhakulu vivarinchaaru. sameepamloni mastishka valkalam loe naadii plasticity dwara mariyu kudi ardhagolamlo homologus praantaaniki konni vidhulanu marchadam dwara veelu kalpinchina vistrutamaina parihara yantraamgaalu athani samasyala korataku kaaranamani kooda vaaru paerkonnaaru.
clinical praamukhyata.
tadabadutondi.
nattigaa matladatam anie piluvabade oka prasanga rugmata broka praantamloo takkuva churukudanamtho mudipadi unnatlu kanipistundi.
afasia.
afasia anedi medadu debbatinadam valla vachhe rachana, chadavadam, matladatam mariyu vinadam vanti anni paddhatulanu prabhaavitam chese oka bhasha rugmata. idhi tarachugaa okari jeevitamlooni anni rangaalalo maarpulanu srushtinche deerghakaalika paristhiti.
vyakteekarana afasia verses. itara afaasiyaalu.
vyakteekarana afasia unna rogulu, broka afasia anie kooda pilustaaru, "vaaru emi cheppalanukuntunnaro telisina vyaktulu, vaaru daanini bayataku teeyaleru". vaaru saadhaaranamgaa padaalanu mariyu vaakyalanu saralamaina vaakyanirmaana nirmaanamtho (paina chudandi) ardham chesukogalugutaru, conny ekkuva ledhaa takkuva anargalamaina prasamgaanni utpatti cheyaleru. itara lakshanaalu, spashtamgaa matladatam, padaalu kanugonadam, padaala punaraavrutam, mariyu sanklishta vyaakarana vaakyalanu noti dwara mariyu vraatapuurvakamgaa utpatti cheyadam mariyu ardham chesukovadam vantivi undavacchu.
eee nirdishta lakshanaala samuuham vyakteekarana afasia unnavaarini itara rakaala afasia unna vyaktula nundi vaeru chestundi. afasia yokka aneka vibhina "rakalu" unnaayi, mariyu prati rakam vibhina bhasha lopalatho vargeekarinchabadutundi. vyakteekarana afasia unnavaaru manchi matlade bhasha grahanaseelatanu kaligi unnappatikee, itara rakaala afasia rogulaku yea bhashanu ardham chesukolekapovacchu, matlade bhashanu ardham chesukolekapovacchu (shravana moukhika agnosia), ayithe itara rakalu bhasha grahanaseelatanu kaapaadataayi, conny lopalatho. vyakteekarana afasia unna vyaktulu itara rakaala afasia unnavaari kante chadavadam mariyu vrayadam (alexia chudandi) thoo takkuva kashtapadavachhu. vyakteekarana afasia unna vyaktulu tama bhasha phalitaanni sweeya-paryaveekshanha cheyagala manchi saamarthyaanni kaligi unnappatikee (vaaru "vaaru cheppedi vintaaru" mariyu diddubaatlu chestaaru), itara rakaala afaasiklu vaari bhasha lopaala gurinchi puurtigaa teliyakapovacchu.
shaastreeya konamlo, vyakteekarana afasia anedi broka praantaaniki gaayam phalitamgaa untundi; tarachugaa nirdishta medadu praantaalalo gayalu nirdishta, vidadeeyadagina lakshanaalanu kaligistaayi, ayithe cases studies gaayam sthaanam mariyu aphosic lakshanaala madhya ellappuduu okaritho okaru mapping undadani chuupistunnaayi. konni nirdishta medadu praantaalaku (saadhaaranamgaa edama ardhagolamlo) nashtam mariyu nirdishta rakaala afasia abhivruddhi madhya sahasambandham, oka nirdishta rakamaina afasia yokka uniki (mariyu teevrata) aadhaaramgaa matrame anumaanaaspada medadu gaayam yokka sthaanaanni (chaalaa sthuulamgaa unnappatikee) anchanaa veyadam saadhyapadutundi, ayinappatikee idhi oka roogi aneka medadu praantaalaku nashtam kaliginche avakaasam mariyu okati kante ekkuva rakaala afasia lakshanaalanu pradarsinche avakaasam dwara sanklishtamgaa untundi. ghnaanam yokka konni amsaala saadhaarana paniteerulo yea medadu praantaalu avasaramo telusukovadaaniki gaayam dayta pareekshanu lotu-leasion paddhati antaaru; eee paddhati affaciology anie piluvabade neurosines saakhalo mukhyamgaa mukhyamainadi. abhignaa shaastram-nirdishtamgaa cheppalante, abhignaa neurocycology-neurosines yokka saakhalu, ivi lotu-leasion paddhatini kooda vistrutamgaa upayogistaayi.
broka praantamloo gayalaku sambandhinchina kotta chikkulu.
1970la chivaralo nirvahinchina adhyayanala nundi broka praantam mariyu broka afasia madhya sambandham okappudu anukunnanta sthiramgaa ledani ardham ayindi. broka praantamloo matrame gayalu broka afasiaku daariteeyavu, ledhaa broka aphosic rogulaku broka praantamloo gayalu undavu. broka praantaaniki matrame gayalu 3-6 varalalo parishkarinche taatkaalika utparivartananu utpatti chestaayi. eee aavishkarana broka yokka praantam moukhika ledhaa uchchaarana yokka konni amsaalalo cherchabadavacchani suuchistumdi; ayithe, idhi vaakya grahanaseelatalo daani bhaganni parishkarinchadu. ippatikee, vaakya prakriya yokka kriyaatmaka imaging adhyayanaalalo broka yokka praantam tarachugaa udbhavistundi. ayithe, idhi padha-sthaayi panulalo kooda sakriyam avutundi. broka yokka praantam kevalam vaakya prakriyaku matrame ankitam cheyabadaledani, conny rendintikee saadhaaranamaina functionku maddatu istundani idhi suuchistumdi. vaastavaaniki, broka yokka praantam chalana chitraala vanti bhaashaaparamaina panulalo kriyaaseelatanu chuupagaladu.
broka yokka praantam uchchaaranalo ekkuvagaa palgone parikalpananu parigananaloki teesukunte, pratispandananu roopondinchetappudu eee panulannintiloo daani kriyaaseelata vishayaala yokka rahasya uchchaarana kaaranamgaa undavacchu. eee heccharika unnappatikee, broka yokka praantam yea paatra poeshinchinaa, adhi mundu praantaala telisina working memory functionlaku sambandhinchinadi kaavacchu anae ekaabhipraayam yerpadutunnatlu telustondi. (brocas praantamloo bhaagamgaa suchinchabade functional imaging saahityamlo nivedinchabadina talairach coordinatela vistruta pampinhee undhi.) udaaharanaku, nishkriyaatmaka vois vakyanni proses cheyadaaniki, vaakyamlooni itara sambandhita bhaagaalanu taarumaaru chestunnappudu, samacharanni tatkalikamga nilupukovadamlo sahaayapadataaniki working memory avasaram kaavacchu (i.ii. vaadanalaku nepathya paatrala ketaayimpunu parishkarinchadaaniki). miyek, vadrangi, mariyu vaakya prakriya atuvanti saadhaarana shabda pani ghnaapakasakti vidhanalapai aadhaarapadutundani pratipaadinchaaru, ayithe caplan mariyu waters broka yokka praantaanni pratyaekamgaa vaakyanirmaana prakriya kosam pani ghnaapakasaktiloo paalgontunnatlu bhaavistaaru. friederisi (2002) broka yokka praantaanni daani bhaaga praantalugaa vibhajistundi mariyu broadman yokka praantam 44 dhwani mariyu vaakyanirmaana nirmaanam rendintikee pani ghnaapakasaktiloo paalgontunnatlu suuchistumdi. eee praantam modata dhwani shaastram kosam mariyu taruvaata vaakyanirmaanam kosam kriyasilakamga maarutundi, endukante grahana prakriya kosam samaya course munduku saagutundi. broadman yokka praantam 45 mariyu broadman yokka praantam 47 pratyaekamgaa ardha lakshanaalu mariyu nepathya nirmaanam kosam pani ghnaapakasaktiloo nimagnamai unnatlu pariganistaaru, ikkada vaakyanirmaana punahvislaeshanha mariyu marammattu prakriyalu avasaram. broadman yokka area 44 daani prosessing paatranu puurti chesina tarvaata eee praantaalu aanlainlo vastaayi mariyu sanklishta vaakyaala avagahana saadhaarana ghnaapakasakti vanarulapai aadharapadaalsinappudu churukuga untaayi. eee siddhaantaalannii sambhaavita lotu kante ganana nundi vaakyanirmaana grahana samasyalu talettutaayi anae drukpatham vaipu oka kadalikanu suuchistaayi. medadu vividha bhasha mariyu abhignaa bhaagaalanu elaa anusandhaanistundane daanipai kotta siddhaantaalu marinta dynamic veekshanhanu teesukuntaayi mariyu eee karyakalapala samaya gamananni pariseelistunnaayi.
neuro cognitive adhyayanalu ippatike broka praantam prakkane unna mundu praantaalanu bhasha rahita mariyu bhasha panulalo pani ghnaapakasaktiki mukhyamainaviga suuchimchaayi. pani chese ghnaapakasakti yokka imaging adhyayanala yokka kabeja mariyu niberg vislaeshanha, samacharanni enchukoovadaaniki ledhaa poolchadaaniki baa 45/47 nuu niyaminchabadindane abhipraayaaniki maddatu istundi, ayithe baa 9/46 pani chese ghnaapakasaktiloo samacharanni taarumaaru cheyadamlo ekkuva paalgontundi. broka yokka afasianu utpatti cheyadaaniki pedda gayalu saadhaaranamgaa avasaram kabatti, eee praantaalu kontamandi rogulalo rajipade avakaasam undhi mariyu sanklishtamaina marphosyntactic nirmaanaala kosam vaari grahana lopalaku dohadam cheyavachu.
dhwani kramaala anusandhaanamlo broka praantam keelaka kendramgaa undhi.
broka yokka praantam gatamlo vividha rakaala prakriyalatho mudipadi undhi, veetilo phonological segmentation, vaakyanirmaana prosessing mariyu ekikarana unnaayi, ivanni vividha rakaala bhasha samacharanni vibhajinchadam mariyu anusandhaaninchadam kaligi untaayi. oke padaalanu punaraavrutam cheyadam mariyu chadavadam ardha mariyu vaakyanirmaana prakriyanu nimagnam cheyakapoyinappatiki, dheeniki chalana sangnalatho dhwani kramaanni anusandhaaninche operation avasaram. vaastava prasangam yokka charyaku mundu motaru cartexto paraspara charyalatho sahaa, varusaga dhwani mariyu uchchaarana praatinidhyaalaku baadhyata vahinche taatkaalika mariyu frontal cartiseslatho paraspara paraspara charyala dwara broka praantam dwara eee anusandhanam samanvayam cheyabadindani kanugonnavi suuchistunnaayi. eee pratyaekamaina phalitaala aadhaaramgaa, broka yokka praantam uchchaarana yokka sthaanam kaadani, conny prasangam utpatti yokka mukhya bhagalaku baadhyata vahinche pedda-sthaayi cartical networklalo naadii samacharanni taarumaaru cheyadamlo mariyu munduku pampadamlo keelaka node anie pratipaadinchabadindi.
charitra.
charitra prachurinchina oka adhyayanamlo, leborgne mariyu lelong (broka rogulu) rendinti yokka samrakshinchabadina medadulanu adhika-resolution valumetric mri upayoginchi tirigi tanikhi chesaaru. eee adhyayanam yokka uddesyam medadulanu moodu koonaalaloo skaan cheyadam mariyu cartical mariyu subcartical gaayaala yokka paridhini marinta vivaramgaa gurtinchadam. ippudu broka praantam anie piluvabade daaniki sambandhinchi mundu bhaagamlo gaayam yokka khachitamaina pradaesaanni upa-courtical prameyam yokka meraku gurtinchadaaniki kooda adhyayanam prayatninchindi.
broka rogulu.
luis victor leborgne (thaan).
leborgne broka yokka roogi. 30 samvatsaraala vayassulo, athanu daadaapu puurtigaa yea padaalu ledhaa padabandhaalanu utpatti cheyalekapoyadu. athanu "thaan" anae padaanni matrame punaraavrutam cheyagaligadu. athani maranam taruvaata, athani edama frontal lobe uparitalampai neurosyphilitic gaayam kanugonabadindi.
lelong.
lelong broka yokka maroka roogi. ayana takkuva utpaadaka prasamgaanni kooda pradarsinchaadu. athanu 'avunu', 'ledhu', 'moodu', 'ellappuduu', mariyu 'lelo' (thana sonta paeru yokka tappudu uchchaarana) anae aidu padaalanu matrame cheppagaligadu. lelong shavapareeksha samayamlo parshwa mundu lobe lopala oka gaayam kanugonabadindi. broka yokka munupati roogi, leborgne, athani mundu bhaagamlo adhe praantamloo eee gayanni kaligi unnadu. eee rendu kesulu eee pratyeka praantaaniki prasangam sthaanikamgaa undani broka nammadaniki daariteesaayi.
mri phalitaalu.
adhika resolution gala mri thoo broka yokka iddaru chaaritraka rogula medadulanu pareekshinchadam aneka aasaktikaramaina phalitaalanu ichindi. modata, broka praanthamtho paatu itara praantaalu kooda rogula utpaadaka prasangam taggadaaniki dohadapadi undavacchani mri kanugonnavi suuchistunnaayi. eee kanugonadam mukhyamainadi endukante, broka praantaaniki matrame gayalu taatkaalika prasanga antaraayam kaliginchavacchani kanugonabadindi, avi teevramaina prasangam arrestuku daariteeyavu. anduvalla, utpaadaka prasangam lekapovadam valla broka soochinche afasia kooda itara praantamlooni gayalache prabhaavitamayye avakaasam undhi. maroka kanugonabadina vishayam emitante, okappudu broka dwara prasamgaaniki keelakamainadigaa pariganinchabade eee praantam, ippudu broka praantam anie piluvabade praantam sarigga adhe kaadu. eee adhyayanam bhasha mariyu ghnaanam okasari aalochinchina daanikante chaalaa klishtamgaa unnayani mariyu medadu praantaala yokka vividha netvarklanu kaligi unnayani vaadanaku maddatu ivvadaaniki marinta sakshyalanu andistundi.
bhasha yokka parinaamam.
maanavulalo bhasha yokka muulaanni prastaavinchae santruptikaramaina siddhaantaanni anusarinchadam aneka parinaamaatmaka "namuunaala" pariseelanaku daariteesindi. eee namuunaalu aadhunika bhasha elaa abhivruddhi chendindo choopinchadaaniki prayatnistaayi, mariyu eee siddhaantaalalo chaalaa varaku oka saadhaarana lakshanam emitante swara sambhaashana praarambhamlo sangna dwara marinta prabalamaina samachara maarpidini puurti cheyadaaniki upayoginchabadindi. maanava bhasha "chethi/noti lakshyam-nirdesita charya praatinidhyaala samiti aadhaaramgaa, diguva primatelalo ippatike unna antarleena samachara vyavastha yokka parinaamaatmaka merugudalagaa abhivruddhi chendhi undavacchu."
"chethi/noti lakshyam-nirdesita charya praatinidhyaalu" "sangnaatmaka communication", "sangnaatmaka bhasha" ledhaa "" shareera bhasha dwara communication "" anie cheppadaniki maroka maargam ". prajalu ardhavantamaina charyalo nimagnamaina itarulanu gamanistunnappudu broka praantam churukuga undani iteevala kanugonadam eee aalochanaku maddatugaa undhi. aadhunika broka praantaaniki puurvagaami itarula kadalikalanu telivaina uddesyamto ardhavantamaina charyaga ardham chesukovadam dwara havabhavalanu nairoopya aalochanalugaa anuvadinchadamlo paalgontaadani oohinchabadindi. kalakramena uddesinchina phalitam mariyu kadalikala samiti yokka uddesyaanni anchanaa vese saamarthyam chivariki eee praantaaniki nijamaina nairoopya aalochanalatho vyavaharinchae saamarthyaanni ichindani, anduvalla (chivariki) sabdaalanu (padaalanu) nairoopya ardhaalatho anubandhinchagala saamarthyam kaligi undani vaadinchabadindi. prajalu chethi needanu gamaninchinappudu mundu bhasha praantaalu sakriyam avtayani gamaninchadam anedi sangna gurtimpu prayojanam kosam udbhavinchina ippatike unna naadii uparitalaala nundi maanava bhasha udbhavinchi undavacchani marinta sakshyam. anduvalla, adhyayanam broka yokka praantam "prasangam kosam motaru kendram" anie perkondi, idhi shareera bhasha mariyu havabhavalanu ardham chesukune vidhamgaane prasangam sabdaalanu sameekaristundi mariyu decode chestundi. eee aalochanaku anugunamgaa, kothulu mariyu maanavula saadhaarana puurveekulaloo motaru niyantrananu niyantrinche naadii uparitalam abhignaa mariyu bhasha saamarthyaanni penchadaaniki ekkuvagaa savarinchabadindi. american sanketha bhasha mariyu aanglam matladevari adhyayanalu maanava medadu chaalaa mundugaane marinta praathamika vidhulanu nirvahinchadaaniki abhivruddhi chendina vyavasthalanu niyaminchindani suuchistunnaayi; rachayitala prakaram, eee vividha medadu circuitlu bhashanu srushtinchadamlo kalisi panicheyadaaniki upayoginchabaddaayi.
chimpanjeelalo communicative manueval havabhavalu mariyu swara sankethaala utpatti samayamlo subcartical mariyu neocortical praantaalalo kriyaaseelata yokka mukhyamaina praantaalanu maroka iteevali kanugonadam choopinchindi. inca, chimpanjilu uddeshapoorvakamgaa maanavulato communicate cheyadaaniki manueval havabhavalanu alaage swara sankethaalanu utpatti chestayani soochinche dayta maanava bhashaku puurvagaamulu pravartanaa mariyu neuronatomical sthaayilalo unnayani suuchistumdi. iteevala, marmosetlalo kaaryaacharana-aadhaarita janyu vyakteekarana yokka neocortical pampinhee, maanavulalo broka yokka praantaanni kaligi unna ventrolatoral prefrontal cartex, jaatula-nirdishta swaraala shravana prakriyatho sambandham kaligi undani mariyu maakaklalo orophasial niyantrana, kotta prapancha kothilo swara utpatti samayamlo nimagnamai undani pratyaksha sakshyalanu andinchindi. eee phalitaalu kaneesam 35 million samvatsaraala kritam, paatha mariyu kotta prapancha kotula vamsaalu vidipoyinappudu, swara-sambandhita neocortical circuitla muulaanni nirdesinchaayi.

