
saavo georg koota

konnisaarlu aanglamlo seyint georg koota anie piluvabade saavo georg koota (;), portugees rajadhani lisbanloni oka chaaritraka koota, idhi shanta maria mayor yokka "fregucia" loe undhi. koota kondapai maanavula aakramana kaneesam cree puu 8va sataabdaaniki chendinadi, ayithe eee pradaesamloe unna puraatana kotalu cree puu 2va sataabdaaniki chendinavi. seyint georg koota unna konda lisban charitralo mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchindi, 1147 lisban muttadilo portugeesu vaaru daanini jayinchadaaniki mundu, phoenitianlu, kaartaginiyanlu, romanlu mariyu moorlu varusaga aakraminchina kotala pradaesamgaa panichesindi. 12va sataabdam nundi, eee koota vividha rakaluga rajapraasaadamgaa, sainika sibiraalugaa, torre doow tombo jaateeya aarkaivku nilayamgaa, ippudu jaateeya smaaraka chihnam mariyu museumgaa panichesindi.
charitra.
eee kondapai modati kotalu cree. puu. 1va sataabdam nativi ayinappatikee, puraavastu travvakaallo cree. puu. 8va sataabdam naati tagus loyalo maanava unikini gurtinchaaru. modati kotanu bahusha cree puu 48 loe lisban roman munisipaliteegaa vargeekarinchabadinappudu nirminchaaru.
eee kondanu modata seltic tegalu, taruvaata phoenitianlu, taruvaata greekulu mariyu taruvaata kaartaginiyanlu rakshanaatmaka sthaavaramgaa upayoginchaaru, taruvaata romanlu, subi, visigots mariyu moors varusaga swaadheenam chesukunnaru. 10va sataabdamloo, kotalu berber dalaalache nirminchabaddaayi; veetilo godalu ledhaa "serca maura" ("murish chuttumuttu") unnaayi.
rajyam.
kraistava "reconquista" sandarbhamlo, koota mariyu lisban nagaranni 1147loe rendava crusade samayamlo lisban muttadilo afonso henriques mariyu uttara european nites dwara murish paalana nundi vimukti chesaaru; eee vijayam aaa viphalamaina crusadelo gurtinchadagina vijayam. tarachugaa punaraavrutamayye oka puraanam prakaram, koota talupulalo okati terichi undani gamaninchina gurram martim moniz, thana sonta sariiraanni cheelikaloki visireyadam dwara moors daanini moosiveyakundaa nirodhinchaadu, tadwara kraistava sainikulu thana praanaanni panamgaa petti pravesinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchaadu. kotanu swaadheenam chesukovadamto kraistava dalaalu 12va sataabdam chivari varaku lisban rakshananu konasaginchagaligayi.
1255loe lisban portugal raajyaaniki rajadhaanigaa marinappudu, eee koota governor gaa afonso III paatraku "alkakova" gaa upayogapadindi, idhi ayana yokka balavardhakamaina nivaasam. 1300 loe raaju denis I dheenini vistrutamgaa punaruddharinchaaru, murish alkakovanu alkakova raaja bhavanamgaa marcharu. 1373 mariyu 1375 madhya, raaju modati ferdinand koota yokka uttara paarsvam minaha annintinee chuttumutte godala sammelanam "serca nova" ledhaa "serca fernandina" nuu nirminchaalani aadesinchaadu. master builderlu jovo fernandes mariyu vasco brass dheeni nirmaanaaniki baadhyata vahinchaaru. paatha murish godalanu paakshikamgaa bharti chesina eee goda, gatamlo nagaramloni asurakshita praantaalanu chuttumutte vidhamgaa roopondinchabadindi. rendu samvatsaraalalo puurtayina dheeniki 77 towerlu, 34 ledhaa 38 getlu mariyu sumaru ruu.
14va sataabdamloo koota mariyu nagaram castile dalaalanu anekasaarlu pratighatinchaayi (mukhyamgaa 1373loe mariyu 1383-1384 loe). eee kaalamlone (14va sataabdam chivaralo) eee kotanu lancaster yokka aangla yuvarani philippaanu vivaham chesukunna king zaan I seyint jaarjku ankitam chesaaru. seyint georg, yodhudu-sadhuvu, saadhaaranamgaa oka dragonnu champadam soochinchabadindi, mariyu rendu deshaalalo baga prachuryam pondindi.
1378 nundi rajyam yokka aneka recordulu 1755 bhookampam varaku (nedu "tower off ulysses" anie piluvabade tower) "torrey doow tombo" (vaachyamgaa, "tower off dhi archive") loe unchabaddaayi, dheenini "torrey albara" anie kooda pilustaaru. portugees raayal archive, ikkada pramukha portugees charitrakaarulu fernavo lopes, gomes eens dii zurara mariyu damio dii gois okappudu panicheesaaru, lisban koota yokka towerlaloo okadaanilo daani asalu sthaanam kaaranamgaa ippatikee "torre doow tombo" gaa suuchistaaru. 1448 decemberu 9naa, gill piresnu afonso estives sthaanamlo koota master builderga niyaminchaaru, athani paniki 400 roopaayalu chellinchaaru. 1448 mariyu 1451 madhya, master builderku rajabhavanamlo chesina paniki aneka stiphunds chellinchabaddaayi. adevidhamgaa, raathi pani kosam mayson jovo dii alverkaku gananeeyamaina mottaanni chellinchaaru. eee praja panulu 1449 nundi 1452 varaku konasagayi, bhavanamnu balavardhakamaina koota nundi raaja nivasamga maarchadaaniki shrama mariyu samagri kosam adanapu chellimpulu jarigaayi.
15va sataabdam praarambhamlo, seyint georg kotaku sameepamlo unna lisban raaja bhavanamlo oka raaja gruham sthaapinchabadindi. 1415loe sueta vijayam taruvaata, portugal raaju modati zaan rendu barberry simhaalanu lisbanku tirigi teesukuvacchaadu, vaatini lisban citadelloni thana rajabhavanam lopala oka pedda gadilo unchaaru. rajabhavanamloni eee praantaanni "casa daas leos" ("simhaala illu") anie pilicheevaaru; nedu eee praantamloo adhe paerutoe prasiddha restaurant undhi. aaa sataabdam taruvaata, german maanavataavaadi hyronimus munjer 1494loe lisbanlo aidu rojulu gadipadu, taanu chusina atyanta andamaina adavi jantuvulugaa paerkontuu simhaala gurinchi telusukunnadu.
rajapraasaadamgaa, 1498loe bharatadesaniki samudra marganni kanugoni tirigi vachinappudu navikudu vasco daa gaama raaju manuel I chae swaagathinchadaaniki eee koota amarikaga undedi. 1502loe maargadarsaka naataka rachayita gill vicent manuel I kumarudu mariyu varasudu, bhavishyat jovo III puttukanu gowravinchataaniki thana "monologo doow vakiro" nuu pradarsinchinappudu eee koota oka rangasthalamgaa kooda panichesindi.
16va sataabdam praarambhamlo, tagus nadhi pakkana ribera pales nirmaanam taruvaata, alkakova pales daani praamukhyatanu kolpovadam praarambhinchindi. 1531loe sambhavinchina bhookampam paatha kotanu marinta debbateesindi, daani ksheenata mariyu nirlakshyaaniki marinta dohadapadindi. 1569loe, kotaloni raaja nivaasaalanu thana adhikaarika nivasamga upayoginchukovalani bhaavinchi, vaatini punarnirminchaalani sebastian raaju aadesinchaadu. punarnirmaanamlo bhaagamgaa, 1577loe philippo terjee loreto charchi pradhana mukhabhagam sameepamlo unna towerlaloo okadaanni koolchivesadu. ayithe, alkasar quibir yuddhamlo yuva raaju maraninchina taruvaata chaalaa panulu puurti kaaledu. taruvaati portugees rajavamsa sankshobham aravai samvatsaraala spanish palanaku maargam terichindi mariyu kotanu sainika sibiraalu mariyu jailugaa marcharu. 1642 decemberu 30naa, thana tandri luis dii frias mariyu taata teodosio dii frias praarambhinchina panulanu konasaaginchadaaniki chinnavadu master builderga niyaminchabaddaadu. kotanu tirigi praarambhinchadaaniki spanish dalaalu roopondinchina goppa pranaalikaloo idhi oka bhaagam. 
ayithe, portugees punaruddharana yuddham taruvaata portugees tirigi swaatantryam pondina taruvaata, eee panulanu portugees prabhutvam swaadheenam chesukundi. 1648 navambaru 6naa, seyint georg koota mariyu lisban nagara godala chuttoo unde kotta koota roopakalpana, amalu mariyu nirmaanaanni chepattaalani nikolau dii langressnu pilicharu. 1650loe sainika vaastusilpi matus doow kotonu eee prajectuku master builderga niyaminchaaru mariyu punarnirmaanam oka kotta laanchanaanni sweekarinchindih sainika injanir jovo gillut 1652loe kotta godalanu nirminchinappatikii, nirmaanam mallee 1657 mariyu 1733 madhya couto pranaalikalanu anusarinchindi. 1673loe, "saavo jovo dii dues" (devuni seyint zaan) kuu ankitam cheyabadina sainikula aasupatri, ruwa doow recolhimento pakkana unna maidaanamlo sthaapinchabadindi. 17va sataabdam chivaralo praamganam yokka aagneya konam venta "recolhimento doow castelo" ("koota aasrayam") nirminchabadindi, mariyu 1733loe, master custodio vierra kotta prajectulanu praarambhinchaaru.
1755 lisban bhookampam kotanu teevramgaa debbateesindi mariyu daani nirantara kshayamku dohadapadindi paatha koota godalatho paatu, sainikudi aasupatri mariyu "recolhimento" shidhilaavasthalo migilipoyayi. rajadhani nagaramlo sahayaka sainika dalaanni nirvahinchaalsina avasaraniki, aaa pradaesam yokka rakshana dalam mariyu presidio paatranu vistarinchaalsina avasaram undhi. 1780 nundi 1807 varaku, paedha pillala vidyaku ankitam cheyabadina swachchanda samstha casa piah, citadello sthaapinchabadindi, sainikulu aaa pradaesamloe moharinchabadi unnaaru. bhookampam mariyu aaa taruvaata sunami sanghatanala nundi prerana pondina porchugalloni modati geodetic observatoryni 1788loe kotaloni oka tower paibhagamlo nirminchaaru, taruvaata dheenini "torre doow observatorio" (observatory tower) anie pilustaaru.
ganatantram.
1930la natiki, eee koota lisban yokka skyline nundi pratyaekamaina mylurayiga adrusyamaindi, daadaapu puurtigaa venuka mariyu taruvaata anubandhalu mariyu cherpula krinda aspashtamgaa undhi. jaateeyata punaadi mariyu swaatantryam punaruddharananu soochinche smaaraka vedukalalo bhaagamgaa, antonio dii olivira salazar prabhutvam eee pradaesamloe vistrutamaina punaruddharanalanu praarambhinchindi (cintra mariyu sylveslo unna kotalu vanti kotalatho chesinatlugaa). munupati sataabdaalaloo koota praamganaaniki jodinchina chaalaa asambaddhamaina nirmaanaalu disemen paryaveekshanhaloo koolchiveyabaddaayi mariyu "recolhimento" pakshika punaruddharana jarigindi. adanamgaa, 1947 aktobaru 25naa, soars daas rees (1887loe) roopondinchina pratiroopam yokka smaaraka chihnanni, porto nagaram samarpinchina afonso henriclaku ankitam cheyabadindi.
1942 mae 31naa koota karyakalapalanu lisban nagara prabhutvam nirvahinchadam praarambhinchindi, idhi 1979 juun 8naa punarudghaatinchabadindi.
1998loe, pakshika-deerghachaturasraakaara pradaesaalu, stambhaalu mariyu tottelanu museum "olysiponia" gaa marcharu.
2006 augustu 22naa, diarcavo reginal dii kalchura lisbova (darklisbova) oka pratyeka rakshana praantaanni nirvachinchindi, indulo saavo georg koota mariyu lisban yokka migilina godalu, "bikesa pombalina" mariyu ippatike saamskrutika vaarasatvamgaa vargeekarinchabadina vividha lakshanaalu unnaayi. concello national dii kalchura" (national council off culture) eee nirvachananni 10 october 2011naa moosiveyaalani pratipaadinchindi, dheeniki igaspar maddatu ichindi.
nirmaana.
koota lisban madhyalo, oka kondapai undhi, ayithe daani godalu chaalaa varaku citadel chuttoo thoorpu mariyu dakshinaana chuttupakkala unna poura paarishla varaku vistarinchi unnaayi.
koota yokka pranaalika sumaru chadarapu, mariyu idhi modata oka kotanu roopondinchadaaniki oka godatho chuttabadi undhi. koota samudaayamlo koota ("castelezo"), konni anubandha bhavanalu (raajapraasaadam sidhilaalatoe sahaa), thotalu mariyu lisban yokka aakattukune drushyaanni kanipinche pedda terrus square unnaayi. kotaku pradhana dwaaram 19va sataabdapu dwaaram, daani paina portugees raani maria II paeru, mariyu 1846 thedhee unnaayi. eee dwaaram pradhana chaturasram ("praca dii 'armas") kuu pravesaanni anumatistundi, idhi paatha phirangulatho alankarinchabadindi mariyu moorla nundi kotanu teesukunna portugees chakravarthy afonso henriques yokka kaamsya vigraham. eee vigraham 19va sataabdapu asalu, srungaara shilpi antonio soars daas rees roopondinchinadi, idhi uttara porchugalloni gimares koota sameepamlo undhi.
raajapraasaadam yokka avasheshaalu pradhana chaturasraaniki sameepamlo unnaayi, conny migili unnadi konni godalu mariyu "casa ogival" vanti konni punarnirminchina gadulu matrame. idhi ippudu lisban charitra gurinchi multimedia show ayina "olysiponia" nuu nirvahistundi.
madhyayuga koota koota yokka vaayuvya muulaloe, daani ettaina pradaesamloe undhi. oohaatmakamgaa, muttadi samayamlo, daadi chesinavaaru kotaloki pravesinchagaligithe, koota chivari balamaina koota, aasrayam pondadaaniki chivari pradaesam. idhi padhi gopuraalato deerghachaturasraakaaramlo untundi. oka gopuram mariyu anusandhaana dwaaram gala goda koota praamganaanni sagaluga vibhajistundi. metla varusa sandarsakulanu goda mariyu towerla paina unna nadaka marganni cherukovadaniki anumatistundi, dheeni nundi lisban yokka adbhutamaina drushyaalanu aasvaadinchavachchu. tower off ulysses (ikkada "torre doow tombo" archive undedi) 1998loe erpaatu cheyabadina camera obscuranu kaligi undhi, idhi prekshakulu nagaram mariyu tagus nadini 360-degreela veekshanhanu anumatistundi.
daani pradhana godalatho paatu, koota daani dakshina mariyu thoorpu vaipula, oka barbican ("barbaca") dwara rakshinchabadindi, idhi diguva goda, idhi muttadi yantraalu pradhana koota godalanu sameepinchakundaa nirodhinchindi. marovaipu, koota yokka uttara mariyu paschima vaipula sahajamgaa koota punaadula nundi krindiki valuga unna nitaruga unna konda dwara rakshinchabaddaayi. koota kooda paakshikamgaa kandakamtho chuttabadi undhi, ippudu podigaa undhi. pradhana pravesha dwaaram mundu kandakampai raathi vantena undhi. padmara vaipuna, oka tower ("torre dii saavo lorenko") vadda mugise, diguvaku vistarinchi unna podavaina tera goda undhi. eee gopuram "serca fernandina" looni oka dwaaraaniki rakshana kalpinchindi.

