
ranger karyakramam

ranger karyakramam anedi 1960laloe united states chetha manushulu laeni antariksha missionla shreni, dheeni lakshyam chandruni uparitalam yokka modati close-up chitraalanu pondadam. ranger antariksha nauka chandra uparitalam yokka chitraalanu teeyadaaniki roopondinchabadindi, antariksha nauka debbatinnappudu naasanam ayye varaku aaa chitraalanu bhoomiki prasaram chestundi. ayithe, varusa pramaadaalu modati aaru vimaanaala vaiphalyaaniki daariteesaayi. okanoka samayamlo, eee karyakramanni "shoot und hope" anie pilicheevaaru. nassa pradhana karyalayam mariyu jett propulsion prayogasaalalo "nirvahana samasyalu" paie congress daryaaptu praarambhinchindi. agencyla rendu punarvyavastheekaranala taruvaata, ranger 7 juulai 1964loe chitraalanu vijayavantamgaa tirigi ichindi, taruvaata maroe rendu vijayavantamaina missionlu jarigaayi.
rangernu modata 1959loe praarambhinchi, "blocks" anie piluvabade moodu vibhina dasallo roopondinchaaru. prati block ververu mission lakshyalanu kaligi undhi mariyu kramamga marinta adhunaatana vyavastha roopakalpananu kaligi undhi. jpl mission designerlu prati blacklo injaneering anubhavam mariyu mission yokka shaastreeya viluvanu penchadaaniki mariyu kaneesam oka vijayavantamaina vimaanaaniki bharosa ivvadaaniki bahula prayogaalanu pranaalika chesaaru. antariksha nauka yokka ranger shreniki (rangerlu 1 nundi 9 varaku) mottam parisoedhana, abhivruddhi, prayogam mariyu maddatu kharchulu sumaru $170 millionlu ($in kuu samanam).
ranger antariksha nauka.
prati block III ranger antariksha nowkaloo aaru kemeraalu undevi. bahirgatam chese samayalu, veekshanha kshetraalu, katakamulu mariyu skaan raetlaloo vyatyaasaalato kemeraalu praathamikamgaa okela undevi. camera vyavasthanu p (pakshika) mariyu f (puurti) anae rendu chaanellugaa vibhajinchaaru. prati chhaanel pratyeka vidyut sarafara, timerlu mariyu transmitterlatho swayam-kaligi undedi. eff-chaanello rendu kemeraalu undevi wide-angle eah-camera mariyu irukaina angle bii-camera. pii-chaanello naalugu kemeraalu undevi pii1 mariyu pii2 (irukaina konam) mariyu pii3 mariyu pii4 (wide angle). tudi eff-chaanal chitram prabhaavaaniki 2.5 mariyu 5 sekanla mundu (sumaru etthu) mariyu chivari pii-chaanal chitram prabhaavaaniki 0.20 nundi 0.40 sekanla mundu (sumaru etthu) teeyabadindi. 1000 karakam dwara bhoomi-aadhaarita veekshanhala nundi labhinchina daanikante merugaina spashtatanu chitraalu andinchaayi. kemerala roopakalpana mariyu nirmaanaaniki leonard aarr molling naayakatvam vahinchindi.
modati aaru antariksha noukalaku ranger programme manager james dii. burk.
ranger programme yokka camera prii-amplifierlu nuvistarlanu upayoginchaayi.
mission jabita.
1 missionlanu block cheyandi.
1961loe bhoomi kakshyaloki prayoginchina rendu antariksha noukalathoo kuudina block 1, chandrudini cherukovadaniki prayatninchakundaa atlas-ejena prayoga vahanam mariyu antariksha nauka parikaraalanu pareekshinchadaaniki uddesinchabadindi.
prayoga vahanam yokka prarambha samskaranalo unna samasyalu, swalpakaalika, takkuva-bhoomi kakshyalalo ranger 1 mariyu ranger 2 nuu vadilivesayi, dheenilo antariksha nauka tamanu taamu sthireekarinchukolekapoyindi, soura saktini sekarinchaledu ledhaa ekkuva kaalam jeevinchalekapoyindi. 1962loe, jpl viphalamaina naavikaadalam 1 kosam ranger 1 mariyu ranger 2 roopakalpananu mariyu vijayavantamaina naavikaadalam 2 lothaina-antariksha probesnu veenasku upayoginchindi.
2 missionlanu block cheyandi.
ranger project yokka block 2 1962loe chandrudiki moodu antariksha noukalanu prayoginchindi, oka tv camera, oka radiation detector mariyu oka pratyeka capsullo oka seismometernu oka rockett motaru dwara mandaginchi, chandruni uparitalampai daani takkuva-vaega prabhavanni thattukogalagadaaniki pyaak cheyabadindi. moodu missionlu kalisi atlas/agena bii prayoga vahanam yokka manchi paniteerunu mariyu antariksha nauka roopakalpana yokka taginanta saamarthyaanni pradarsinchaayi, conny duradrushtavasaattu rendoo oke prayatnamlo jaragaledu. ranger 3 prayoga vahanam mariyu antariksha nauka rendintiloonuu samasyalanu kaligi undhi, chandrudini sumaru 36,800 kimmy tappipoyindi mariyu appati nundi suuryudi chuttoo kakshyalo undhi. ranger 4 khachitamaina prayogaanni kaligi undhi, conny antariksha nauka puurtigaa nilipiveyabadindi. project brundam bhookampamaapaka gulikanu chandruni suduura vaipu kanipinchakundaa prabhaavitam cheyadaaniki track chesindi, communications mariyu navigation vyavasthanu dhruveekarinchindi. ranger 5 chandrudini tappinchukoni vikalangudayyadu. eee missionla nundi gananeeyamaina vignaana samacharam sekarinchabadaledu. eee nauka baruvu 331 kejeelu.
block 2 chivarilo, munupati missionlaloo upayoginchina oka rakamaina diode, sthalam yokka paristhitulalo samasyaatmaka bangaaru-plate poranu utpatti chesindani kanugonabadindi. idhi konni vaiphalyaalaku kaaranamai undavacchu.
3 missionlanu block cheyandi.
ranger yokka block 3 loe naalugu prayogaalu unnaayi. eee antariksha noukalu chandruni uparitalaanni pariseelinchadaaniki roopondinchina television parikaranni kaligi unnaayi; antariksha nauka chandrudini sameepistunnappudu, idhi choopinchagala uttama bhoomi telescopela kante chinna vivaraalanu velladistundi, chivaraku dishpan-parimaana craterlanu kaligi untundi. kotta siriisloo modatidi, ranger 6, dosharahita vimananni kaligi undhi, television vyavastha vimaanamlo pramaadam kaaranamgaa nilipiveyabadindi mariyu chitraalu teeyalekapoyindi.
punahroopakalpana chesina televisiontho tadupari mugguru rangerlu puurtigaa vijayavantamayyaaru. ranger 7 chandra maidaanamlo lakshyamgaa digadaaniki daani marganni chithreekarinchindi, tvaralo dheeniki mair cognitum anie paeru pettaru, idhi copernicus bilaniki dakshinaana undhi. idhi aaru kemerala nundi 4,300 kii paiga chitraalanu vechi unna saastravettalu mariyu injaneerlaku pampindi. kotta chitraalu chandruni uparitalam yokka pradhana lakshanaalu, mruduvaina mariyu khaalii maidaanaalalo kooda, prabhavam valla kalige craterlu anie velladinchaayi. pedda craterlanu chinna craterlatho gurtinchabaddaayi, mariyu chinna prabhavapu paakmaarklatho, parimaanamlo chaalaa takkuvagaa gurtinchagaliginanta varaku-sumaru. copernicus nundi veluvade laetha rangu geetalu mariyu konni itara pedda craterlu golusulu mariyu chinna craterlu mariyu sidhilaala valalugaa praathamika prabhavalalo paelaayi.
fibravari 1965loe, ranger 8 oshanas procellarum mariyu mair nubium yokka dakshinaana oka valuga unna marganni tudichipetti, apolo 11 41⁄2 samvatsaraala taruvaata dige dhooram nundi dhooramgaa unna mair tranculitatislo koolipoyindi. idhi 7,000 kante ekkuva chitraalanu sekarinchindi, vistruta praantaanni cover chesindi mariyu ranger 7 nundi nirdhaaranalanu balopetam chesindi. sumaru oka nela taruvaata, ranger 9 vyaasam gala bilam alphonsuslo padipoyindi. daani 5,800 chitraalu, kendreekrutamgaa mariyu chaalaa takkuva-sthaayi suuryarasmini sadviniyogam chesukuni, bilam-aann-crater yokka balamaina dhruvikarananu andinchaayi, chandra uparitalam yokka sunnitamgaa rolling aakrutulanu andinchaayi.
bahya linkulu.
rendu linklu programme meeda mottam pustakaaniki daariteestaayi. hetch. tii. emm. ell. kosam, contents pattika linknu chuudataaniki krindiki scroll cheyandi.

