
1971 shaan fernando bhookampam

1971 shaan fernando bhookampam (1971 silmar bhookampam anie kooda pilustaaru) fibravari 9 tellavaarujaamuna dakshina californialoni shaan gabriel parvataala diguva bhaagamlo sambhavinchindi. oohinchani bhookampa teevrata scalepy 6.5 mariyu scalepy 6.6, mariyu garishta mercley teevrata xi ("vipareetamaina") kaligi undhi. 20va sataabdam chivaralo laas angels kounteeni prabhaavitam chesina siriisloo eee sanghatana okati. uttara shaan fernando loyalo sthaanikamgaa nashtam teevramgaa undhi mariyu parvathaalalo kendra binduvuku dakshinaana uparitala lopam, alaage nagara veedhulu mariyu parisaraala venta pattana amarikalu vistrutamgaa unnaayi. abhivruddhi mariyu itara prabhavalu private gruhalu mariyu vyapaaraalanu prabhaavitam chesaayi.
eee sanghatana central laas angelsku uttaraana unna silmar, shaan fernando mariyu itara janasaandrata kaligina praantaalalo aneka aarogya samrakshana soukaryaalanu prabhaavitam chesindi. olive view vaidya kendram mariyu anubhavagnula aasupatri rendoo chaalaa bhaarii nashtanni chavichusai, mariyu rendu pradaesaalaloo bhavanalu koolipoyaayi, deenivalla ekkuva maranaalu sambhavinchaayi. rendu soukaryaalaloni bhavanalu mishrama sailulatoe nirminchabaddaayi, conny injaneerlu bhavanala pratispandanalanu puurtigaa adhyayanam cheyalekapoyaru, endukante avi balamaina ground moeshannu record cheyadaaniki parikaraalatoe amarchabadaledu; idhi anubhavagnula paripalananu taruvaata daani adhika-pramaada pradaesaalaloo bhookampamaapakaalanu vyavasthaapinchadaaniki prerepinchindi. laas angels praantam antataa itara pradaesaalu sthaanika ordinancela phalitamgaa sadhana cheyabaddaayi, mariyu apuurvamaina mottamlo balamaina chalana dayta namodu cheyabadindi, aaa samayam varaku yea itara sanghatana kante ekkuva. eee praantamloo vijayam california yokka balamaina chalana parikaraala karyakramanni praarambhinchadaaniki dohadapadindi.
laas angels praantam chuttoo ravana rahadari vaiphalyaalu mariyu aneka pradhana freeway interchangeela pakshika pathanamtho teevramgaa debbatindi. diguva vaan norman anakatta daadaapu puurtigaa viphalamavadamtho diguva praantamlooni vaelaadi mandhi nivaasitulanu taralinchadam jarigindi, ayithe diguva sthaayilo neetini nirvahinchaalani gatamlo teesukunna nirnayam aanakattanu atigaa undakunda kaapaadataaniki dohadapadi undavacchu. 1933loe sudeergha beach bhookampam samayamlo paatasaalalu prabhaavitamayyaayi, conny eee samayamlo savarinchina nirmaana sailulu laas angels praantamlooni vaelaadi paatasaala bhavanala phalitaanni meruguparichayi. eee sanghatana yokka maroka phalitamgaa shaan gabriel parvathaalalo namodu cheyabadina vandalaadi vividha rakaala kondachariyalu virigipaddayi. californialo itara bhookampaala taruvaata jariginatlugaa, building kodlaku sambandhinchina chattam marosari savarinchabadindi, kriyaaseela falt jonlaku sameepamlo unna gruhalu ledhaa vyaparala nirmaanaanni pratyaekamgaa parishkarinche chattaalatho.
tectonic setting.
shaan gabriel parvataalu addamgaa unna shrenulalo podavaina bhaagam mariyu uttaraana shaan andreas falt, dakshinaana kukamonga falt mariyu nairuti vaipuna sierra madrey falt sarihaddulugaa unnaayi. shaan bernardino, shanta yenez mariyu shanta monika parvataalu kooda thoorpu-padmara dhoranilo unna asamaanamaina addamgaa unde shrenulalo bhaagamgaa unnaayi. eee shrenula paridhi samudrateeramlo unna chaanal deevula nundi thoorpuna unna chinna shaan bernardino parvataala varaku vistarinchi undhi. shaan gabriel parvataala diguvana unna frontal falt vyavastha thoorpuna shaan jacinto falt john nundi paschimaana afshore malibu varaku vistarinchi undhi, mariyu pradhanamgaa mitamaina nundi nissara uttara-digubadi faults dwara nirvachinchabadindi, sampradaayavaada niluvu sthaanabhramsham anchanaa veyabadindi.
pasiphik plate uttara america plate kuu sambandhinchi uttara disagaa kadulutunnanduna paschima viloma shrenulu erpaddaayani paleomagnetic aadharalu choopinchaayi. plate uttaraana marinappudu, okappudu tiiraaniki samaantaramgaa unna terrain yokka oka bhaganni savyadisalo tippaaru, idhi daani thoorpu-padmara disalo unchabadindi. addu shrenulu paschima chivaralo shanta barbara chaaneltho praarambhamayye pareevaahaka praantaala shreni yokka chuttukolatanu yerparustaayi. thoorpu vaipuku kadulutuu, ventura pareevaahaka praantam, shaan fernando loya mariyu shaan gabriel pareevaahaka praantam unnaayi, kriyaaseela riverse faults (shaan keyetano, erra parvatam, shanta susana mariyu sierra madrey) uttara sarihaddulo unnaayi. saantaa barbaralo (1812,1925, mariyu 1978) moodu mariyu shaan fernando loyalo (1971 mariyu 1994) rendu, ayithe adhika quaterinary slip raetlu unna pareevaahaka praantamlooni itara lopaalu pedda bhookampaalanu utpatti cheyakapoyina, chinna sankhyalo haanikaramaina sanghatanalu jarigaayi.
bhookampam.
shaan fernando bhookampam fibravari 9,1971naa, pasiphik praamaanika samayam (6:00:41 am) vadda sambhavinchindi, bhookampamaapakaalu namodu chesinatlugaa sumaru 12 sekanla balamaina ground motion vyavadhitho, mottam sanghatana sumaru 60 sekanla paatu konasagindani nivedinchabadindi. faulting yokka muulam shaan fernando loyaku uttaraana aidu mailla dhooramlo undhi. loyaloni sthaanika bhagalalo mariyu falt block paina unna shaan gabriel parvataala diguva bhagalalo kooda gananeeyamaina nashtam kanipinchindi. eee udyamaaniki kaaranamaina tappu muppuga pariganinchabadaledu, mariyu idhi laas angels metropolitan praantamloo ilanti itara lopaalanu gurtinche atyavasaratanu highlight chesindi. prakampanalu bhavana niyama nibandhanala avasaralanu adhigaminchaayi mariyu injaneerlu siddham chesina vaatini adhigaminchaayi, mariyu loyalo chaalaa nivaasaalu munupati rendu dasaabdaalalo nirminchabadinappatiki, aadhunika bhookampa-nirodhaka nirmaanaalu kooda teevramaina nashtanni chavichusai.
eee sanghatana yokka aneka mukhya lakshanaalu 1994 northridge bhookampamtho panchukoobaddaayi, rendoo laas angels uttaraana unna parvathaalalo thrust faults valla sambhavinchaayi, mariyu prati bhookampam parimaanamlo saaruupyatanu kaligi undhi, ayinappatikee 1994loe uparitala cheelika sambhavinchaledu. pattana mariyu paarisraamika praantaalalo sambhavinchinanduna mariyu gananeeyamaina aardhika balaheenataku daariteesindi, prati sanghatana pranaalika adhikaarula nundi klishtamaina pariseelananu aakarshinchindi mariyu shaastreeya samajalalo puurtigaa adhyayanam cheyabadindi.
uparitala porapaatu.
shaan fernando falt john venta silmarku dakshinaana unna oka point nundi daadaapu thoorpuna chinna tujungaa loya varaku nirantaram vistarinchi unna pramukha uparitala faulting dhorani n72°w gamaninchabadindi. marinta chellacheduruga unna thoorpuna adanapu viramalu sambhavinchaayi, ayithe atyanta prabhaavita praantamlooni paschima bhaagamlo takkuva spashtamaina macchalu unnaayi, mukhyamgaa verucheyabadina mission baavula vibhagam. puurti sierra madrey falt john gatamlo mapp cheyabadi, daani bhaagamaina faltluga paeru dwara vargeekarinchabadinappatiki, falt breakla samuuhaalu prati vibhaganni gurtinchadaaniki mariyu suuchimchadaaniki sahaja marganni andinchaayi. bhookampam taruvaata ventane jarigina teevramaina adhyayanala samayamlo vargeekarinchabadinatlugaa, vaatini mission wells segment, silmar segment, tujungaa segment, parvata praantaalu mariyu anubhavagnula falt anie label chesaaru.
anni vibhagalu edama-parshwa slip, saadhaarana thoorpu-padmara strike mariyu uttara disagaa dip yokka bhaagamtho thrust faulting yokka saadhaarana amsaalanu panchukunnayi, conny avi anubandha antarleena raathi thoo vaati sambandhaaniki sambandhinchi ekikrutam kaaledu. loya, parvataalu mariyu parvathaalalo vistrutamaina faulting yokka prarambha surveyarlu tectonic faulting matrame nivedinchaaru, ayithe compaction mariyu kondachariyalu virigipadatam valla utpannamayye pagullu mariyu itara lakshanaalanu minahaayinchaaru. silmar falt segment sameepamlo, ettulo maarpu lekapovadam valla kondachariyalu virigipoye avakaasam takkuvagaa undhi, conny parvataalu mariyu parvata praantaalalo pedda mottamlo kondachariyalu virigipaddayi mariyu oka lakshanaanni tappugaa gurtinche avakaasaanni tolaginchadaaniki marinta pani avasaram. tujungaa vibhagam yokka konda anchula venta, konni aspashtamaina nirmaanaalu unnaayi, endukante konni scarplu diguva kadalika nundi prabhavanni kaligi undavacchu, conny chaalaa varaku avi tectonic swabhaavam kaligi untaayi.
vividha falt breakla yokka punaraavruta kolatalalo, phalitaalu sthiramgaa undipoyaayi, idhi chaalaa varaku slip mainshock samayamlo sambhavinchindani nammadaniki daariteesindi. parshwa, viloma mariyu niluvu kadalikalu annee gamaninchabadinappatiki, kadalikalo atipedda vyaktigata bhaagam silmar vibhagam madhyalo edama parshwa slip. silmar mariyu tujungaa vibhagala venta atipedda sanchita slip sambhavinchindi. mottam falt sthaanabhramsham bhuuvignaana shaastravetta barkley comb mariyu itarulu "daadaapu samaana mottamlo uttara-dakshina kudimpu, niluvu paiki (uttara vaipu paiki), mariyu edama parshwa slip" gaa sangrahinchaaru, anduvalla dheenini dakshina block meeda nairuti disalo uttara block yokka thrustinga varninchavachhu, oka falt uparitalam 45° uttaraana munigipotundi."
kondachariyalu virigipadutunnaayi.
shaan fernando loyaku uttaraana unna parvata praantaala vaimanika chaayaachitraalanu teeyadaaniki usglu oka private companyni mariyu united states vaimanika dalaanni niyaminchaaru. bhookampam 1,000 kii paiga kondachariyalu virigipadataaniki kaaranamaindani vislaeshanhaloo velladaindi. atyanta debbatinna rock kooda sikharaala paibhagala venta namodu cheyabadindi, mariyu rock falls (idhi chaalaa rojula paatu konasaagindi) prarambha shock mariyu anantara prakampanala phalitamgaa unnaayi. gaali nundi logg cheyabadina konni slidelu kooda naela nundi gamaninchabaddaayi. atipedda sankhyalo slidelu pradhana bhookampa kendram yokka nairuti disalo mariyu uparitala lopam jarigina praantaalaku daggaragaa kendrikrutamai unnaayi. eee slidelu podavu nundi, mariyu rock falls, matti falls, sidhilaala slides, himasampaataalu mariyu slumps gaa marinta vargeekarinchavachhu. uparitala (mandapati kante takkuva) sidhilaala slidelu chaalaa tarachugaa edurkone slide rakam mariyu avakshepana silatoe kuudina bhoobhaagamlo chaalaa tarachugaa edurkonevi.
balamaina kadalika.
1971 praarambhamlo, shaan fernando loya balamaina-motion bhookampamaapakaala dattamaina network yokka drushyam, idhi mottam 241 bhookampa namuunaalanu andinchindi. idhi bhookampaanni atyanta document cheyabadina sanghatanagaa chesindi, aaa samayamlo, balamaina-chalana bhookampa shaastram paramgaa; polchi choosthe, 1964 alaska bhookampam etuvanti balamaina chalana recordulanu andinchaledu. eee karyakramanni sangrahinchadaaniki chaalaa stationlu undataaniki kaaranam 1965 ordinance, idhi beverley kondalu mariyu laas angelslo aaru antastula ettulo kottagaa nirminchina bhavanalanu moodu vaayidyaalatoe alankarinchaalsina avasaram undhi. eee sharatu chivariki aneka samvatsaraala taruvaata anubandhamgaa ekareeti building kodloki pravesinchindi. eee bhavanala nundi noota debbai aidu recordinglu vachayi, maroe 30 hydraulic nirmaanaalapai unnaayi, migilinavi shaan und riyas falt antataa unitla shrenitho sahaa faults sameepamlo unna ground-based installationla nundi vachayi.
pakoima anakatta vadda erpaatu chesina parikaram 1.25 "graa" yokka garishta kshitija samaantara twaranaanni namodu chesindi, idhi bhookampam nundi chusina daanikante rendu retlu pedda viluva. asaadhaaranamaina adhika tvaranam chitramlo oka bhaagam matrame, aaa vyavadhi mariyu vanuku yokka frequency kooda entha nashtam jaragavacchu anae daanilo paatra poeshistumdi. accelerometernu oka concreat platformpy oka granite sikharampai vampu anakatta yokka oka prakkaku paina amarcharu. raallaloo pagullu erpaddaayi mariyu oka rock slide upakaranam lopala vachindi, mariyu punaadi debbatinaledu, conny unit yokka oka chinna (sagam-degree) vampu kanugonabadindi, idhi kshitija samaantara lolakam parichayaalanu muusivaeyadaaniki spashtamgaa baadhyata vahistundi. adrushtavasaattuu jarigina pramaadamgaa pariganinchabadina phalitamgaa, yantram aaru nimishalu (kaagitam aipoye varaku) recording chestu undindi mariyu prarambha anantara prakampanalalo 30paie saastravettalaku adanapu daetaanu andinchindi.
nashtam.
shaan gabriel parvataala adugubhaagamlo shaan fernando loya yokka uttara anchutho sarihaddulugaa unna laas angelsku uttaraana unna bayati communitylu atyanta balamaina prakampanalatho prabhaavitamayyaayi. newhall, sagus mariyu solmint junctionla yokka incorporated jillaalu kotta bhavanalaku kooda mitamaina nashtanni kaliginchaayi. atyanta bhaarii prabhavalu unna praantam migilina moodu anchulalo bhougolika lakshanaala dwara parimitam cheyabadindi, paschimaana shanta susana parvataalu, dakshinaana shanta monika parvataalu mariyu laas angels nadhi mariyu thoorpuna verdugo parvataala venta unnaayi. bhookampam kaaranamgaa pratyakshamgaa sambhavinchina praananashtam 58 (aneka gundepotu mariyu itara aarogya sambandhita maranaalu eee sankhyalo cherchabadaledu). chaalaa maranaalu anubhavagnulu mariyu olive view hospital complexelalo sambhavinchaayi, migilinavi private nivasalalo unnaayi, haive overpass koolipoyindi mariyu down town laas angelsloni ardharaatri missionloo paikappu koolipoyindi.
uparitalaaniki sameepamlo mariyu uttaraana, parvataala diguvana nashtam ekkuvagaa undhi. aasupatri bhavanalu, freeway ovarpaaslu mariyu silmar juvenile haall mutaka ondru meeda unnaayi, ivi vaela adugula shidhilamgaa ekikruta avakshepana padaarthaanni kappai. shaan fernando nagaramlo, bhoogarbha neeru, muruguneeru mariyu gyaas vyavasthalu lekkinchaleni vidhamgaa chaalaa varaku virigipoyaayi, mariyu konni vibhagalu chaalaa teevramgaa debbatinnaayi, avi vadiliveyabaddaayi. naela sthaanabhramsham kaalibaatalu mariyu rahadaarulanu debbateesindi, marinta drudamaina taaru mariyu concreetulo pagullu tarachugaa antarleena mattiloo shift yokka vedalpunu minchipothayi. 1969 shanta rosa bhookampaala prabhaavaala daryaaptu samayamlo ondru sameepamlo teevra nashtam namodu cheyabadindi. loya yokka dakshina chivaralo ventura boulevard sameepamlo marinta dhooramgaa adhe vidhamaina teevramaina nashtam kooda matti rakaniki sambandhinchinadigaa gurtinchabadindi.
samakhya, county mariyu private aasupatrulu vividha sthaayilalo nashtapoyayi, shaan fernando loyalo naalugu pradhana soukaryaalu nirmaanaatmaka nashtanni chavichusai, vaatilo rendu kuppakulayi. bharatiya kondala vaidya kendram, parvatapraanta vaidya bhavanam mariyu pakoima lutheran vruttiparamaina bhavanam bhaareega debbatinnaayi. nursing homes kooda prabhaavitamayyaayi. oka antastula parvatapraanta nursing home uparitalam virigina poralooni oka vibhaagaaniki chaalaa daggaragaa kuurchuni, veedhi kante moodu adugula ettulo undhi. kalibata venta mariyu aasti antataa scarplu nadichayi. bhavanam upayogamlo ledhu mariyu nilabadi undhi. balopetam cheyabadina concreat block nirmaanam shock mariyu ettutoe badhapadinappatiki, saapekshamgaa manchi paniteeru olive view mariyu anubhavagnula aasupatri samudaayaalaku puurtigaa bhinnamgaa undhi.
olive view hospital.
laas angels county yaajamaanyamloni 880 padakala aasupatri samudaayamlooni chaalaa bhavanalu 1933 sudeergha beach bhookampam taruvaata kotta nirmaana paddhatulanu avalambinchadaaniki mundu nirminchabaddaayi. kotta sadupaayaaniki paschimaana 300 adugula dhooramlo unna oka antastula nirmaanaalu mariyu konni itara bhavanalu debbatinaledu. debbatinna bhavanalu vividha rakaala chekka-chatram mariyu raathi nirmaanaalu. aidu antastula, balopetam cheyabadina-concreat vaidya chikitsa mariyu samrakshana bhavanam complexeku moodu kotta cherpulalo okati (veetilo moodu nashtam kaliginchaayi), bhookampa-nirodhaka nirmaana paddhathulatho sameekarinchabadindi mariyu december 1970loe puurtayimdi. bhookampam samayamlo aasupatrilo 98 mandhi udyogulu unnaaru mariyu 606 mandhi rogulu unnaaru; olive view complexelo sambhavinchina moodu maranaalu eee bhavanamlone unnaayi. life-support systems vidyut vaiphalyam kaaranamgaa rendu maranaalu sambhavinchaayi mariyu bhavanam nundi bayataku velladaaniki prayatnistunnappudu kuulipooyina bhavanamlo kontha bhaagam oka udyogiki tagilindi.
vaidya chikitsa mariyu samrakshana bhavanamlo thoorpu mariyu dakshina vaipula (grade paina), paschima vaipuna mishrama (grade paina mariyu krinda) mariyu bhavanam yokka uttara vaipuna grade krinda unna neelamaaliga undhi, vaividhyam kaaranamgaa undhi. naalugu bahya metlatho sahaa puurti nirmaanaanni aidu ververu bhavanaluga pariganinchavacchu, endukante metla towerlu pradhana bhavanam nundi naalugu angulaalu vaeru cheyabaddaayi. bhavanam yokka rendava nundi aidava antastulalo upayoginchina bhookampa bracing loe kotha godalu undevi, conny modati antastulo concreat godalatho upayoginche arudugaa upayoginche slip joint technic vaatini aaa vyavasthalo bhaagam kakunda unchindi. paikappu palakalu, telephone parikaraalu mariyu elevator talupulato sahaa bhavananiki nashtam neelamaaligaloo mariyu modati antastulo ekkuvagaa undhi, inca konchem ekkuva nashtam jarigindi. rendava antastulo drudhatvamlo vyatyaasam diguva sthaayilaku gananeeyamaina nashtaniki kaaranamani pratipaadinchabadindi. modati antastu daadaapu koolipoyinanduna, bhavanam daadaapu rendu adugula uttaraana vangi undhi, mariyu naalugu concreat metlalo moodu towerlu pradhana bhavanam nundi padipoyayi.
maidaanamlo, kalibata mariyu mattiloo pagullu unnaayi, conny uparitalamlo etuvanti lopaalu laevu. metla koolipovadamtho paatu, elevatorlu kooda khaliga undevi. bhookampam samayamlo aasupatrilo vidyut mariyu communicationlu viphalamayyayi, conny chaalaa takkuva mandhi prajalu diguva antastulu mariyu metlapai tellavaarujaamuna nivasinchaaru. aaa roeju taruvaata shock sambhavinchi unte eee atyanta prabhaavita praantaalalo praananashtam perigi undavacchu. aaa pradaesamloe balamaina ground motion vyavadhi bahusha pakoima anakatta vadda gamaninchina 12 sekanla maadirigaane undedi, mariyu bhavanam kuulipoevadaaniki marikonni sekanla vanuku saripotundani bhaavistunnaaru.
anubhavagnulaina paripalana aasupatri.
anubhavagnula paripalana aasupatri 1926loe kshayavyadhi aaspatrigaa sevaloki pravesinchindi mariyu 1960laloe saadhaarana aasupatrigaa maarindi. 1971 natiki, eee sadupaayamlo 45 vyaktigata bhavanalu unnaayi, annee silmarlo falt cheelikalo unnaayi, conny nirmaanaatmaka nashtam bhuu sthaanabhramsham ledhaa faulting phalitamgaa kakunda, prakampanala phalitamgaa sambhavinchinatlu kanugonabadindi. 1933 kii mundu nirminchina iravai aaru bhavanalu sthaanika bhavana sankethaalanu anusarinchi nirminchabaddaayi mariyu bhookampa-nirodhaka namuunaalu avasaram ledhu. eee bhavanalu atyanta nashtanni chavichusai, naalugu bhavanalu puurtigaa koolipoyaayi, dheeni phalitamgaa eee soukaryam vadda pedda praananashtam jarigindi. 1933 taruvaata nirminchina chaalaa raathi mariyu balopetam chesina concreat bhavanalu prakampanalanu thattukoleka, chaalaa varaku koolipoledu, conny 1972loe aaa sthalaanni vidichipettadaaniki oka teermaanam munduku vachindi mariyu migilina nirmaanaalu taruvaata koolchiveyabaddaayi, aaa pradaesam nagara udyaanavanamgaa maarindi.
shaan fernando bhookampaaniki mundu paschima united states velupala konni balamaina chalana bhookampamaapaka samsthaapanalu undevi, conny, bhookampam mariyu pavana dalaala kamitee sifaarasu meraku, anubhavagnula paripalana bhookampa kshetra seva (appudu noaatho anubandhinchabadindi) thoo oppandam kudurchukundi. eee mandalaalu balamaina ground accelerationnu anubhavinche avakaasam ekkuvagaa undani nirdhaarinchabadindi, mariyu empika chesina vaa aasupatrulaku rendu parikaraalanu andinchadaaniki pranaalika roopondinchabadindi. oka unitnu nirmaanamloo erpaatu chestaaru mariyu rendavadi soukaryam nundi koddi dhooramlo unna free-feeled unitga erpaatu cheyabadutundi. 1973 natiki, atyadhika pramaadakaramaina konni (26 matrame john 3 loe puurtayyaayi) saitlu seatal, memphis, charleston mariyu boston laloe puurtayyaayi.
vaan norman anakatta.
bhookampam phalitamgaa eguva mariyu diguva vaan norman aanakattalu rendoo teevramgaa debbatinnaayi. diguva anakatta ullanghanaku chaalaa daggaragaa undhi, jalasayamlo neeti mattam tagginappudu sumaru 80,000 mandini naalugu rojula paatu khaalii cheyinchaaru. balamaina prakampanala kaaranamgaa marinta kuppakuuladaaniki mundu jaagratta charyaga idhi jarigindi. aanakattala praantamlooni konni kaaluvalu debbatinnaayi mariyu upayoginchalenivi, mariyu daikulu padipovadaanni anubhavinchaayi, conny ivi pramaadaanni kaliginchaledu. diguva anakatta vadda jarigina nashtam kondachariyalu virigipadatam valla kattalooni oka bhaganni tolaginchindi. anakatta yokka matti pedavi jalasayamloki padi daanitoe paatu concreat liningnu teesukuvacchindi, ayithe aanakattalo migili unnadi neeti mattaniki konchem paina undhi. eguva sarassu taggipoyindi mariyu naela kadalika phalitamgaa sthaanabhramsham chendindi, mariyu anakatta yokka concreat lining pagili padipoyindi.
pedda diguva aanakattanu adhe sailini upayoginchi tayaaru chesina moodu samvatsaraala taruvaata, 1921loe hydraulic phil prakriyatho eguva aanakattanu nirminchaaru. 1964loe diguva anakatta tanikhi california rashtram mariyu laas angels department off water und power madhya erpaatu vaipu maargam sugamam chesindi, idhi reservoir yokka neeti sthaayini saadhaaranam kante 10 adugula takkuvagaa unchutundi. anakatta koolipovadam valla daani mottam etthu tagginanduna, daani saamarthyaanni tagginche nirnayam viluvaina beema anie niroopinchabadindi.
differential ground motion mariyu balamaina prakampanalu (mmi viii ("teevramaina")) silmar juvenile haall soukaryam mariyu silmar convertor station (rendoo eguva vaan norman sarassuku daggaragaa unnaayi) kuu teevramaina nashtaniki kaaranamayyaayi. laas angels department off water und power, alaage laas angels county, sthaanika matti paristhitulu bhoomi sthaanabhramsham mariyu phalitamgaa vidhvamsamku dohadapaddayani parisoedhimchi dhruvikarinchayi. aaa pradaesamloe neelapai uparitala vicchinna praantam (daani vedalpu vadda) mariyu nairuti vaipu 1 saatam grade vaalu varaku vistarinchi undhi. slide yokka iruvaipula parshwa kadalika gamaninchabadindi, mariyu sait vadda pareeksha samayamlo tavvina kandakaalu konni pagullu lothugaa unnayani velladinchaayi. draakshapandu mariyu weldon loyala sameepamlo unna rendu soukaryaalu, sierra madrey parvataala nundi neeru mariyu sidhilaalanu pravahistaayi, nitaruga unna gatlu varusalo untaayi mariyu vaati notilo ondru fyaanlanu yerparustaayi. neelaku addamkulu kaliginche irukaina patteelu mruduvaina mattini diguva kadalikalo sthiraparachadam phalitamgaa unnatlu kanugonabadindi. naela draveekarana anedi slide yokka parimita praantaalalo oka paatra pooshinchindi, conny sait vadda anni kadalikalaku idhi baadhyata vahinchaledu, mariyu aaa praantamlooni lopaala tectonic slip kooda oka kaaranamgaa minahaayinchabadindi.
ravana.
uttara shaan fernando loyalo sumaru 10 mailla freevelaku gananeeyamaina antaraayam erpadindi, chaalaa varaku nashtam parvata freeway/golden state freeway interchange vadda sambhavinchindi, mariyu aidu mailla interstate 210 yokka vistarana venta. interstate 5 loe, uttara chivaralo newhall paas interchange mariyu dakshinaana ii-5/ii-405 interchange madhya atyanta mukhyamaina nashtam jarigindi, ikkada vantena sameepinche chota taggudala mariyu pagulu mariyu rahadari buckling kaaranamgaa adhi nirupayogamgaa maarindi. balbova boulevard mariyu california rashtra maargam 14 madhya aneka kondachariyalu virigipaddayi, ayithe rendu pradhana interchangeelalo atyanta mukhyamaina nashtam jarigindi. antelope valley freeway newhall paas nundi eesaanyaaniki nashtam kaliginchindi, pradhanamgaa sthirapadatam mariyu amarika samasyala nundi, alaage shanta clara nadhi mariyu solmint vantenala vadda cheelipovadam mariyu pagullu kaaranamgaa.
bhookampam samayamlo newhall paas interchange inca nirmaanamloo undagaa, ovarpaasku avasaramaina bhagalu puurtayyaayi. vantena yokka 191 adugula vibhagalalo rendu, sahayaka stambhaalalo okadaanitoe paatu garishta etthu nundi padipovadaaniki prakampanalu kaaranamayyaayi. saraina sambandhaalu lekapovadam mariyu maddatu niluvu varusalapai taginanta sthalam lekapovadam (seatu andinchabadindi) kaaranamgaa vaari maddatu yokka spans rendu chivarlalo jaaripoyaayi. sait vadda ground displacement vaiphalyaaniki pradhana kaaranamani thosipuchaaru, mariyu kuulipooyina samayamlo debbatinna padipoyina vibhagalu mariyu craintho paatu, ovarpaaslooni itara bhagalu kooda debbatinnaayi. paschima prakkaku daggaragaa unna niluvu varusalo kotha pagullu sambhavinchaayi, adhe niluvu varusa yokka bays vadda unna naela bhramanaaniki aadhaaraalanu pradarsinchindi.
eee marpidi anedi ovarpaaslu mariyu vantenala yokka vistruta samudaayam, idhi bhookampam samayamlo dadapuga puurtayimdi mariyu anni bhagalu rakapokalaku terichi laevu. sait vadda vaiphalyam ledhaa kuppakuulina aneka sandarbhaalu jarigaayi mariyu phalitamgaa pickup truckulo driving chestunnappudu iddaru vyaktulu maraninchaaru. ramp vibhaagamlo paving minaha puurti ayina paschimaana unna ii-210 nundi dakshinaana unna ii-5, uttaraana koolipoyindi, bahusha taginanta seatu lekapovadam valla overpass daani maddatu nundi kadilina prakampanala kaaranamgaa. antelope loya marpidi vadda paristhiti kakunda, eee praantamloo shaashwata naela kadalika (bahusha nettadam yokka muulakamtoe edama-parshwa sthaanabhramsham yokka aneka angulaalugaa nirvachinchabadindi) gamaninchabadindi. eee udyamam silmar juvainal haall soukaryam, silmar convertor station mariyu metropolitan water district treatment plantlo bhaarii nashtaniki dohadapadindi, conny interchangepy daani prabhavalu california institute off technology nundi 1971 nivedika prakaram puurtigaa ardham kaaledu.
paatasaalalu.
laas angels praantamlooni pedda sankhyalo prabhutva paatasaala bhavanalu prakampanaaniki mishrama pratispandanalanu pradarsinchaayi, mariyu kshetra chattam amalu chesina taruvaata nirminchinavi samskarinchabadina nirmaana sailula phalitaalanu spashtamgaa choopinchaayi. 1933 naati vidhvamsaka marchi podavaina beach bhookampam taruvaata kevalam oka nela taruvaata feeled chattam amaluloki vachindi, idhi podavaina beach, compton mariyu vitier looni aneka prabhutva paatasaala bhavanalanu debbateesindi. laas angels unified school district loe bhookampam samayamlo 9,200 bhavanaalatho kuudina 660 paatasaalalu unnaayi, 110 raathi bhavanalu kotta pramaanaalaku anugunamgaa balopetam kaaledu. 400 kante ekkuva portable taragati gadulu mariyu 53 kalapa frame prii-feeled act bhavanalu kooda upayogamlo unnaayi. eee bhavanalannintini chattam yokka avasaralaku sambandhinchi gatamlo tanikhi chesaaru, mariyu aaa samayamlo chaalaa vaatini balopetam chesaaru ledhaa punarnirminchaaru, conny bhookampa injaneering nipunulu fibravari 1971 bhookampam taruvaata pratyeka moolyaankanam chesina taruvaata ventane punaruddharana ledhaa koolchivetanu sifaarsu chesaaru, mariyu okatinnara samvatsaraalalo jilla sumaru 100 nirmaanaalaku sambandhinchi disanu anusarinchindi.
laas angels unnata paatasaalalo (pakoima anakatta nundi) pradhana prii-feeled act bhavanam (1917loe nirminchabadindi) yokka velupali godalu balavantam cheyani ituka raathi, parapet yokka podavaina bhagalu mariyu anubandha ituka pora virigipoyaayi mariyu konni sakalaalu paikappu gundaa diguva antastuku padipoyayi, itara padaarthaalu metlapai mariyu praamganam praantamloki digaayi. pradhana bhavanam 127,000 dollarla vyayamtho koolchiveyabadindi, mariyu vividha post-feeled act bhavanalu aevee aaa pradaesamloe debbatinaledu. concreat vyaayaamasaala minaha, silmar unnata paatasaalalooni (pakoima anakatta nundi) anni bhavanalu post-feeled act, oka antastu, kalapa nirmaanam. aaa pradaesamloe bhoomilo samruddhiga pagullu erpaddaayi, konni punaadulu mariyu aneka kaalibaatalu kooda pagullu paddayi. aaa pradaesamloe marammatula anchanaa $485,000. hubbard streat elementary school pakoima aanakattaku atyanta sameepa paatasaala mariyu anubhavagnula aasupatri samudaayaaniki oka mailu kante takkuva dhooramlo undhi. kalapa-chatram bhavanalu (taragati gadulu, bahulardhasadhaka bhavanam mariyu konni banglalu) feeled act tarvaata nirminchabaddaayi, mariyu akkada nashtam mariyu subhrapariche kharchulu mottam $42,000. gyaas linelu virigipoyaayi mariyu bhavanala porchlu verucheyadam aaru angulaala varaku parshwa sthaanabhramsham kaaranamgaa jarigindi.
paryavasanamga.
california yokka aneka pradhana bhookampaala taruvaata, bhookampa bhadrataku sambandhinchina chattanni abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki chattasabha sabhyulu twaragaa vyavaharinchaaru. 1933 loe sambhavinchina samudra teeramlo sambhavinchina sudeergha bhookampam taruvaata, taruvaati nelaloo kshetra chattam aamodinchabadindi, mariyu 1989 loe vacchina loma praita bhookampam taruvaata, bhookampa pramaadaala mapping chattam mariyu senate billu 1953 (aasupatri bhadrata avasaralu) sthaapinchabaddaayi. shaan fernando sanghatana taruvaata, sthaapinchabadina shaastreeya samsthalaku chendina bhookampa injaneerlu mariyu bhookampa saastravettalu, alaage kottagaa erpadina laas angels county bhookampa commission, neerchukunna paataala aadhaaramgaa vaari sifaarsulanu perkonnaayi. merugudalalu avasaramayye vastuvula jaabitaalo bhavana sankethaalu, aanakattalu mariyu vantenalanu marinta bhookampa nirodhakathatho tayaaru cheyadam, panicheyadaaniki roopondinchina aasupatrulu mariyu telisina falt jonela sameepamlo abhivruddhi yokka parimiti unnaayi. kotta chattamlo alquist-priyolo pratyeka adhyayanala john chattam mariyu balamaina chalana parikaraala karyakramam abhivruddhi unnaayi.
alquist-priyolo pratyeka adhyayanala john chattam
senate billu 520gaa pravesapettabadi, december 1972loe chattamgaa santakam cheyabadina eee chattanni modata alquist-priyolo geologic hazard jonela chattam anie pilicheevaaru, mariyu uparitala lopam cheelikalu ledhaa falt creep kaaranamgaa nashtam mariyu nashtalanu tagginche lakshyanni kaligi undhi. eee chattam kriyaaseela lopaalalo maanava occupancy kosam roopondinchina bhavanala nirmaanaanni parimitam chestundi. gatha uparitala sthaanabhramsham sambhavinchina chota uparitala cheelika jarige avakaasam undani bhaavinchinanduna, holocene cheelikaku aadharalu unna lopaalanu anchanaa veyadam mariyu mapping cheyadam mariyu vaati chuttoo bhookampa dosha mandalaalu anie piluvabade niyantrana mandalaalanu srushtinchadam rashtra bhuuvignaana saastravettaku baadhyata ivvabadindi. appudu rashtra mariyu sthaanika samsthalu (alaage aasti yajamani) bhavana parimitulanu amalu cheyadaaniki ledhaa paatinchadaaniki baadhyata vahinchaaru.
california balamaina chalana parikaraala karyakramam
shaan fernando bhookampaaniki mundu, kontamandi nirmaana injaneerlu bhookampa roopakalpana kosam ippatike unna punaadi panini meruguparachadam avasaramani ippatike vishwasinchaaru. 1940 ell centro bhookampam samayamlo parikaraalu 0.33 "g" saktini namodu chesinappatiki, 1960la chivarilo 0.1 "g" parshwa saktini thattukodaaniki nirmaana sankethaalu matrame avasaramayyayi. aaa samayamlo kooda, ell centro shacklo kanipinchina adhika saktulanu nirodhinchadaaniki bhavanalanu nirminchaalane aalochanaku injaneerlu vyatiraekam, conny 1966 bhookampam 0.05 "graa" kii cherukunna taruvaata, mariyu shaan fernando eevent samayamlo pakoma anakatta vadda garishtamgaa 1.25 "zii" gamaninchina taruvaata, aaa takkuva avasaram saripotunda anae daanipai charcha praarambhamaindi.
ell centro loe 1940 sanghatana nundi balavantapu bhookampam unnappatikee, balamaina-chalana bhookampa shaastram taruvaata sanghatanalu sambhavinche varaku spashtamgaa korabadaledu-shaan fernando bhookampam bhookampa injaneering anuvartanaala kosam marinta dayta avasaranni spashtam chesindi. california balamaina chalana parikaraala karyakramam 1971loe enchukunna lifeline nirmaanaalu, bhavanalu mariyu ground response stationlalo parikaraalanu andinchadam mariyu nirvahinchadam dwara dayta parimaanaanni penchadam lakshyamtho praarambhinchabadindi. 1980la chivari natiki, eee karyakramam 450 kante ekkuva nirmaanaalu, vantenalu, aanakattalu mariyu vidyut plaantlanu kaligi undhi. 1979 saamraajya loya mariyu 1987 vittir irukaina bhookampaalu aaa kaalamlo namodu cheyabadina laabhadaayakamaina sanghatanalugaa pradarsinchabaddaayi, endukante rendoo bhavanalanu mitamaina sanghatanalu elaa prabhaavitam chestayane gnaanaanni penche viluvaina daetaanu utpatti chesaayi. saamraajya loya sanghatana yokka vijayam mukhyamgaa iteevala nirminchina mariyu puurtigaa parikaraalatoe kuudina prabhutva bhavanam kaaranamgaa spashtamaindi, idhi vaiphalyam sthaayiki kadilindi.
suuchanalu.
muulaalu

