prapancheekarana mariyu daani asantrupti

prapancheekarana mariyu daani asantruptulu anedi 2001 nobel graheeta joseph ii. ii prachurinchina pustakam. stiglitz. eee sheershika frayid nagarikata mariyu daani asantruptulanu suuchistumdi.
eee pustakam 1993 nundi bill clinton aadhvaryamlo aardhika salahaadaarula mandali chairmanga mariyu 1997 nundi prapancha byaankulo pradhana aardhikavettagaa stiglitz vyaktigata anubhavanni vivaristundi. eee kaalamlo stiglitz imf mariyu itara antarjaateeya samsthala patla bhramalu paddadu, ivi paedha abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaala prayojanaalaku vyatiraekamgaa panicheesaayani athanu viswasinchaadu. imf anusarinche vidhanalu praathamikamgaa asamanjasamaina nava udaaravaada oohalapai aadharapadi unnayani stiglitz vaadinchaaru
swechhaa market bhaavajaalam venuka oka namuunaa undhi, tarachugaa aadam smith kuu aapaadinchabadindi, idhi market saktulu-laabhaala uddesyam-aardhika vyavasthanu adrushya chethitho samarthavanthamaina phalitaalaku nadipistundani vaadistundi. aadhunika aardhika shaastram yokka goppa vijayalalo okati, smith yokka mugimpu sarainadi anae bhavanni, mariyu paristhitulanu choopinchadam. eee paristhitulu chaalaa nirbandhamainavani telindi. nijaaniki, aardhika siddhaantamlo iteevali purogatulu-vyangyamgaa washington ekaabhipraaya vidhaanaala yokka atyanta avisraanta sadhana kaalamlo khachitamgaa sambhavinchaayi-samacharam asampuurnamgaa mariyu marketlu asampuurnamgaa unnappudu, antey ellappuduu, mukhyamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalalo, adrushya chethi chaalaa asampuurnamgaa panichestundani choopinchaayi. gananeeyamgaa, kavalsina prabhutva jokyalu unnaayi, ivi suutrapraayamgaa, market saamarthyaanni meruguparustaayi. marketlu samarthataku daariteese paristhitulapai eee parimitulu mukhyamainavi-phalitamgaa vachhe market vaiphalyaalaku pratispandanalagaa prabhutva keelaka karyakalapalanu ardham chesukovacchu.
1997 asea aardhika sankshobhaanni, alaage argentine aardhika sankshobhaanni teesukuraavadaaniki imf vidhanalu dohadapaddayani stiglitz vaadinchaaru. russia market aardhika vyavasthagaa maaradamlo vaiphalyam mariyu upa-sahara aafrikaalo takkuva sthaayi abhivruddhi kooda gamaninchabadindi. stiglitz vimarsinchina nirdishta vidhanalalo aardhika kaatinyam, adhika vaddii raetlu, vaanijya saralikarana, muuladhana marketla saralikarana, rashtra aastula praivaeteekaranapai pattubadatam unnaayi.
pustakamloni amsaalu.
imf vidhaanaalaku maarganirdesam chese siddhaantaalu anubhavapuurvakamgaa lopabhooyishtamgaa untaayi. swechhaa viphani, neoclassical, neo liberal annee 19va sataabdam chivarilo vinaasakaramaina lices-fair aardhika vyavasthaku tappanisarigaa sabhyokti. eee vidhanam prabhutva paatranu tagginchadaaniki prayatnistundi-takkuva vaetanaalu nirudyoga samasyalanu parishkaristaayani, paedarikaanni parishkarinchadaaniki aardhika vyavastha (vruddhi mariyu sampada samaajamlooni anni vargaalaku cherutundane nammakam) paie aadharapadatam. eee nammakaniki maddatu ivvadaaniki etuvanti aadharalu dorakaledu, mariyu swechhaa marketla 'washington ekaabhipraayam' vidhananni bhaavajaalam mariyu chedu shaastram yokka mishramamgaa bhaavistaaru.
samacharam marketlanu elaa prabhaavitam chestundo pradarsinchinanduku joseph stiglitzku 2001 nobel smaaraka bahumatini (georg akarlof mariyu maikhel spensto panchukunnaru) aardhika saastraalalo pradaanam chesaaru. yajamani mariyu udyogi, company mariyu viniyogadaaru ledhaa (imf vishayamlo) runadaata mariyu runagraheeta madhya samaachaaraaniki samaana praapyata lekunda, "uchita" marketlu samarthavantamgaa panichese avakaasam ledhu. (eee vivarana kenneth baanam mariyu gerard debru yokka munupati nobel rachanaku kooda chaalaa runapadi undhi.)
prapancheekarana daani nirvahananu batti vijayam ledhaa vaiphalyam kaavacchu anie stiglitz vivaristundi. prati okka desham yokka lakshanaalanu sweekarinchadam dwara jaateeya prabhutvam nirvahistunnappudu vijayam untundi; ayithe, imf vanti antarjaateeya samsthalachae nirvahinchabadutunnappudu vaiphalyam untundi.
jaateeya prabhutvam nirvahinche aardhika nirvahana mariyu udaaharana thoorpu asea deshaalu anae sharatu kinda prapancheekarana prayojanakaramgaa untundi. aaa deshaalu (mukhyamgaa dakshina korea mariyu taiwan) egumatulapai aadharapadi undevi, dheeni dwara vaaru saanketika, muuladhanam mariyu ghnaana antaraalanu muusivaeyagaligaaru. jaateeya maarpula vegaanni, saralikarana vegaanni tamantata taamugaa nirvahinchadam dwara, aaa deshaalu aardhika vruddhini saadhinchagaligaayi. prapancheekarana nundi prayojanaalanu pondina deshaalu tama laabhaalanu samanamga panchukunnayi.
ayithe, jaateeya aardhika vyavastha antarjaateeya samsthalachae niyantrinchabadithe pratikuula prabhavam undavacchani stiglitz vishwasistunnaaru. endukante imf, doublutio, prapancha byaanku vanti antarjaateeya samsthalalo paaradarsakata, javaabudaareetanam laevu. prabhutva paryaveekshanha lekunda, vaaru bahiranga charcha lekunda nirnayaalaku cherukuntaaru mariyu "pootii laeni" ledhaa "kathinamaina" paryaavarana, kaarmika mariyu muuladhana chattaalatho kuudina vaanijya vivaadaalanu rahasya tribunallalo parishkaristaaru-oka dhesha nyaayasthaanaalaku appeal cheyakunda.
thoorpu asea aardhika sankshobham, russia market aardhika vyavasthagaa maaradamlo viphalamainappudu, upa-sahara aafrikaalo abhivruddhi viphalamainappudu, argentinalo aardhika maandyam, imf vidhanalu vipattuku dohadapaddayani stiglitz vaadinchaaru idhi utpaadaka pettubadi avakaasaalanu prothsahinchadamlo viphalamaindi, naanhyata gala runaaniki demand; adhika naanhyata gala aardhika mariyu ranga pani aadhaaramgaa pranaalikaabaddhamaina runaalu matrame merugaina roopakalpana, samarthavanthamaina amalu mariyu takkuva kharchuku daariteestaayi. mundastugaa runaalu ivvadam kante prograamnu sarigga pondadaaniki ekkuva samayam ketayinchadam manchidi. ayithe, veetilo edhee jaragaledu. phalitamgaa, runaalu prajaasvaamya vruddhini debbatise, sthaanika aardhika vruddhiki aatamkam kaliginche, bahulajaati samsthalanu susampannam chese vistrutamaina paristhithulatho vachayi.
ayana teermaanaanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki, moodava prapancha abhivruddhi vaastavaaniki vijayavantam ayina sandarbhaalanu pariseelinchadam bodhanaatmakamgaa untundih dakshina asea mariyu chaina prapanchamlooni rendu goppa abhivruddhi chendutunna marketlu. dakshina asea padepade imf paristhitulanu (mukhyamgaa dakshina korea mariyu malaysia) pratighatinchindi mariyu chaina yea vidhamaina imf dabbunu tiraskarinchindi.
stiglitz prakaram, imf jokyaalannii oke vidhamaina swechhaa market suutraanni anusarinchaayi. praja mariyu sthaanika vaanijyaanni rakshinchadaaniki samsthalanu modata staapinchakundaa, market aardhika vyavasthalaku hadavidiga "shock therapy" nii imf gattiga samardhinchindi. sthaanika saamaajika, raajakeeya, aardhika parigananalu ekkuvagaa vismarinchabaddaayi. bhuu samskaranalu ledhaa balamaina pootii vidhanalu lekunda praivaeteekarana phalitamgaa croney pettubadidaarii vidhanam, vyavastheekruta neeraala dwara nadiche pedda vyaparalu mariyu madhyataragati laeni neo-fudalism erpadindi. bahya shacklanu konasaaginchadaaniki mariyu aardhika sthithini meruguparachadaaniki dhesha prayatnaalanu samarthinchadamlo dravya sahayam/runaalu mukhyamaina mariyu prabhaavavantamaina paatranu pooshistaayanadamloo sandeham ledhu, ayithe vidhaanamlo balamaina mundanjalo purogati lekunda, chellimpula santulanam sahayam sahayam chaalaa baga pratikuulamgaa untundi. paryavasanamga runa sthaayilu peragadam, palasi viswasaneeyata balaheenapadatam mariyu bhavishyattulo sardubaatu cheyadam chaalaa kashtataramaina pani avutundi.
aardhika rangam yokka samsthaagata niyantrana lekunda akaala muuladhana market saralikarana (muuladhana swechhaa pravaham) nuu kooda imf vidhinchindi. idhi 'vaedi' swalpakaalika pettubadi muuladhanam yokka bhaarii pravahanni kaliginchadam dwara mottam abhivruddhi chendutunna aardhika vyavasthalanu asthiraparichindi; appudu dravyolbanam periginappudu, imf yokka runa paristhitulu aardhika kaatinyaanni mariyu natakeeyamgaa perugutunna vaddii retlanu vidhinchaayi. idhi chattaparamaina rakshana lekunda vistrutamgaa diwala teeyadaaniki, saamaajika bhadrata valayam lekunda bhaarii nirudyogaaniki, videshee muuladhanaanni ventane upasamharinchukovadaaniki daariteesindi. vyapara vruddhiki sunna avakaasam unna migilina koddimandi draavakam yajamaanulu, vaaru cheyagaligina viluvaku aastulanu tolaginchaaru.
runaalu egavetaku gurai, mottam deshaalu aardhika, saamaajika gandaragolaniki gurainanduna, imf pradhanamgaa videshee runadaatalaku beyiloutlanu pampindi. idhi currencipy oohaagaanaalaku aajyam poesindi, mariyu chaalaa varaku bailout dabbu tvaralo swiss mariyu carabian byaank khaataallo jama ayyindi. phalitamgaa, moodava prapancha pourulu chaalaa kharchulu mariyu imf runaala yokka konni prayojanaalanu mosukellaru, mariyu aardhika samaajamlo naitika pramaadam talettindihi runagraheetalu egavetaku gurainatlayite, imf tabnu enchukuntundani telisi videshee runadaatalu mondi runaalu icchaaru (deerghakaalika muuladhana nirvahananu chudandi, dheeni aagneya asealo adhika bahirgatam bhaarii bailout lekunda antarjaateeya aardhika marketlanu tagginchi undavacchu). intalo, nagadu korata unna deshaalanu marinta praivaeteekarinchaalani imf korindi-phalitamgaa nagadunu sekarinchadaaniki vaari aastulanu vaari viluvalo kontha bhaagaaniki vikrayinchadam. videshee samsthalu aaa aastulanu takkuva dharalaku konugolu chesaayi.
oohinchagaliginatlugaa, imf yokka agenda kaaranamgaa goppa agraham erpadindi.
sthireekarana anedi agendalo undhi; udyoga kalpana kaadu. pannulu, daani pratikuula prabhavalu agendalo unnaayi; bhuu samskaranalu aagipoyaayi. byaankulaku beyillu ivvadaaniki dabbu undhi, conny merugaina vidya mariyu aarogya sevalaku chellinchadaaniki kaadu, imf sthuula aardhika durviniyogam phalitamgaa tama udyogaala nundi tolaginchabadina kaarmikulaku beyillu ivvadaaniki okkate. saadhaarana prajalatho paatu chaalaa mandhi prabhutva adhikarulu mariyu vyaapaaravaettalu tama deshaalanu taakina aardhika mariyu saamaajika tuphanunu 'imf' anie pilustuunae unnaaru-'playg' ledhaa 'mahaa maandyam' anie cheppe vidhanam.
abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalu puurti upaadhi kalpanatho vruddhi chendadaaniki sahaayapadataaniki imfnu oka nidhiga bhaavinchadaaniki zaan maynard keynes sahayapaddadu. kabatti eee aadesaaniki anugunamgaa jeevinchadamlo sthiramaina mariyu vinaasakaramaina vaiphalyam enduku?
imf thana asalu aadesamlo nirdesinchina lakshyalanu matrame kakunda, prapancha sthirathvaanni pempondinchadam mariyu maandyam muppu edurkontunna deshaalaku vistarana vidhaanaalanu anusarinchadaaniki nidhulu unnayani nirdhaarinchadam vantivi kooda anusaristondi. idhi aardhika samajam yokka prayojanaalanu kooda anusaristondi. dheeni ardham imf tarachugaa okadaanitoe okati [206-7] viruddhamgaa unde lakshyalanu kaligi untundi.
prapancha aardhika samajam spashtamgaa imf yokka track recordnu viruddhamaina aasaktulu ledhaa sthiramaina vaiphalyamgaa chudaledu imf managing director stanley fisher mariyu treasury secretory robbert rubin iddaroo city grouplo bahula million dollarla udyogaala kosam bayaludaeraaru.
perugutunna janabha, malaria mariyu sahayaka mahammarulu mariyu prapancha paryaavarana savaallatoe, samaanamaina vruddhi kosam keynes aadesam ippudu gatamlo kante marinta atyavasaram anie, imf mariyu prapancha byaankunu samskarinchaalani, naasanam cheyakudadani stiglitz vishwasistunnaaru. samsthaagata abhivruddhi, bhuu samskaranalu mariyu praivaeteekarana, muuladhana market saralikarana, pootii vidhanalu, kaarmikula bhadrata valayalu, aarogya moulika sadupayalu mariyu vidyaku kramamga, varusa mariyu empika vidhananni ayana samardhinchaaru. vividha deshaalu ververu maargaalanu anusarinchaalsi untundi. empika chesina vidhanalu gatamlo vijayavantamaina karyakramalu mariyu prabhutvaalaku nidhulanu nirdesistaayi. prapancha prabhutvam laeni prapancha paalana" nuu kooda ayana etthi chuupaaru, mariyu "prapancha aardhika nirmaanam" looni asamaanatalanu manam gurtinchaalsina avasaram undani suuchimchaaru."gurtimpu aadhaaramgaa, abhivruddhi chendina deshaala aadhaarita asamatulyatanu sarididdaalsina avasaram undhi, abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalapai drushti pettali. chivaraga, aardhika samsthalu saadhaarana prayojanaalaku upayogapadela chuudataaniki prajaasvaamya vibhagalu avasaram.
jubely udyamam vijayampai aadhaarapadina runa kshamaapananu podiginchaali. imf runaalu pradhanamgaa vidaeseeyulaku, prabhutva adhikaarulaku prayojanam kaliginchinanduna, abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaala pourulaku vaatini chellinchadaaniki bhaarii pannu vidhinchadam anyayamani, kashtamani ayana vaadinchaaru.
yaadrucchikamgaa kaadu, prapancha aardhika vidhananni samskarinchadaaniki sthaanika mariyu antarjaateeya prajaswaamyaanni prothsahinchadam praadhamikamani stiglitz vishwasistaadu. prajaswamyam saamaajika sthirathvaaniki sahaayapadutundi, samachara swechhanu saktivantam chestundi mariyu samarthavanthamaina mariyu samaanamaina aardhika vyavasthalapai aadhaarapade vikendrikruta aardhika vyavasthanu prothsahistundi. praja javaabudaareetanamtho paatu abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalaku imf mariyu doubluty ootu hakkulanu vistarinchadam manchi prarambham avutundi. stiglitz kosam, vyapaaraanni prothsahinchadaaniki mundu prajaswaamyaanni prothsahinchadam vastundi.
prapancha prabhutvam lekunda prapancha paalana.
prapancheekarana kosam prastuta vidhanalu "prapancha prabhutvam laeni prapancha paalana" anie stiglitz vaadinchaaru. adhikaaraala vibhajana unna raashtraala maadirigaa kakunda, antarjaateeya aardhika samsthalu, imf, doublutio, prapancha byaankulo avasaramaina tanikheelu, balancelu laevu. aaa antarjaateeya aardhika samsthalu ontarigaa undi, aardhika vidhaanaalanu nirnayinche ekaika samsthalu, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalalo, etuvanti asammati abhipraayaalanu vinakunda amalu chestaayi. imf yokka nirlakshya saralikarana, praivaeteekarana mariyu niyantranala tolagimpu abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaala saarvabhoumatvaanni ullanghistunnaayi. tadwara samaanatvam kosam, pedarika nirmuulana kosam panicheyadaaniki badulu, aardhika samsthalu aardhika samaajaaniki pratinidhulugaa maarataayi. aardhika samsthala vidhanalu mariyu vaakchaaturyaalu abhivruddhi chendina mariyu abhivruddhi chendutunna madhya antaraanni vistaristaayi, idhi aprajaaswaamika pitrutvam mariyu javaabudaareetanam, paaradarsakata lekapovadam valla erpadindi. prajaasvaamya vyatiraeka pitrutvam bhaavajaalam dwara prerepinchabadutundi, idhi namuunaa imf bahumatulu vishwavyaaptamgaa vartistaayani bhaavistaaru. antekakunda, javaabudaareetanam mariyu paaradarsakata lekapovadam anedi anyaayamaina vaanijya agendalo, uruguye roundloo spashtamgaa kanipistundi. uttara, european union mariyu memu vyavasaya subsidipy vidhinchina nibandhanalanu parimitam cheyadaaniki blair house aggrement anie piluvabade dwaipaakshika oppandaalanu saadhinchaamu, idhi uruguy round vaiphalyaaniki daariteesindi mariyu abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalanu ekkuva pramaadam mariyu asthirataku gurichesindi. prapancha prabhutvam laeni prastuta prapancha palananu stiglitz thosipuchaaru mariyu prapancha saamaajika nyayam, paedarikaanni nirmuulinchadaaniki mariyu merugaina vaataavaranaanni srushtinchadaaniki prapancha anubandhaanni geluchukunnaru.
swaagatam.
prasamsalu.
"prapancheekarana mariyu daani asantrupti" chaalaa mandhi sameekshakula nundi prasamsalanu sampaadinchindi. pramukha pettubadidaaru georg soros eee pustakaanni "chochukupoye, telivainadi" gaa abhivarninchaaru... tappaka chadavaalsina oka moulika rachana."
british guardian nundi will hutton ilaa vraasaadu "stiglitz thana pustakaanni maarpu kosam edu action paayintlatho muginchaadu. ayana prapanchavyaaptamgaa niraasaavaadulu kaadu, conny vaastavikavaadi-mariyu aayananu 'charchaku mukhyamaina sahakaram' anie label cheyabadina chakkati pettelo unche badulu, manam ayana maatanu takshaname vinali."
pustakaala prabhaavavantamaina newyork sameeksha "joseph stiglitz [...]..] pannulu, vaddii raetlu, viniyogadaarula pravartana, corporate finance mariyu marenno sahaa aascharyakaramgaa vistruta shreni aardhika drugvishayaala vivaranaku padunaina mariyu atyanta viluvaina sahakaram andinchindi. mukhyamgaa ippatikee churukaina pani chese vayassulo unna aardhikavettalalo, athanu eee rangamlo pramukhudiga nilichaadu, "stiglitz pustakam khachitamgaa bahiranga vedikapai pedda sthaanaanni pondutundi" anie muginchaaru. idhi khachitamgaa imf mariyu daani vidhaanaalaku vyatiraekamgaa inca cheyabadina atyanta saktivantamaina vaadanagaa nilustundi."
business weak maikhel zhe. asea aardhika sankshobham, maajee soviet aardhika vyavasthala parivartana, alaage prapanchavyaaptamgaa abhivruddhi kaaryakramaala paripaalanato sahaa gatha dasaabdamlooni chaalaa pradhana aardhika sanghatanalaku stiglitz oka ringside seatu kaligi undani mandell abhiprayapaddaru... eee pustakam prapancha aardhika vidhaanamlo gatamlo kanipinchani amsaalapai oka kitikeeni terichi, stiglitz anubhavalanu vivaristundi. idhi aarogyakaramaina charchanu rekettinchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi... abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalu tamapai aardhika deck enduku nindi undani bhavistunnayo manaku padunaina padaalaloo choopistundi."
vimarsha.
eee pustakam swechchaavaada mariyu (neo) sampradaayavaada aalochanaa vidhaanaalaku anubandhamgaa unna athani medhoparamaina panini vyatirekinche vividha vyaktula nundi kooda vimarsalanu andukundi. udaaharanaku, dii. doubleu. libertarian journal public chaayislo mackenzie, prabhutva vaiphalyalanu market vaiphalyaluga tappugaa varninchaarani paerkonnaadu. stiglitz yokka udaaharanalu chaalaavaraku pratyeka prayojanaalaku prayojanam chekurche prabhutva jokyanni suuchistaayi. adde koorutuu prabhutvam samishtiga chesina vaiphalyaalu ituvanti udaaharanalu.
imf research director kenneth ragoff, stiglitz vislaeshanhanu "atyanta vivaadaaspadamainadi, chettagaa, paamu noone" anie pilicharu mariyu "stiglitzian prescription (runa sankshobhamlo unna moodava prapancha deshaalaku) aardhika lotu yokka profilenu penchadam, antey, ekkuva runaanni jaarii cheyadam mariyu ekkuva dabbunu mudrinchadam anie paerkonnaaru. oka baadhalo unna prabhutvam ekkuva karenseeni jaarii chesthe, daani pourulu akasmaattugaa daanini marinta viluvainadigaa bhaavistaarani meeru nammutunnatlu anipistundi. pettubadidaarulu ikapai prabhutva runaanni pattukoodaaniki siddhamgaa lenappudu, sarafaraanu penchadam mariyu adhi vaedi keklala ammudavutundani meeru nammutunnatlu anipistundi."
daniel tii. libertarian think tank cato institute yokka griswold eee pustakaanni "rachayita yokka sonta raajakeeya pakshapaataalu mariyu vyaktigata satrutvam dwara vakreekarinchabadina score-settle chese vyayamam" gaa paerkonnaadu."rakshanavaadam daanini aacharinche deshaalanu susampannam chestundane stiglitz ooha anie griswold paerkonnadaanitoe samasyanu teesukuntaadu mariyu" "athanu swechhaa vaanijyaanni prashninchanappatikii, stiglitz muuladhanam yokka swechhaa pravahanni agouravaparustunnaarani paerkonnaadu". eee pustakam thoorpu asea aardhika sankshobhaanni daadaapu puurtigaa oka amsam meeda nindistundihi muuladhana khaataa saralikarana."imf salahanu tiraskarinchinanduku malaysia abhimaanulache eee nammakanni stiglitz pradarsistundi... swalpakaalika pravaahaala pravahanni nirodhinchadaaniki muuladhana niyantranalanu vidhinchadam dwara."malaysia vaari prayatnaalaku pratiphalam pondindane thana nammakaniki maddatugaa stiglitz etuvanti aadhaaraalanu andinchaledani kooda griswold paerkonnaadu. stiglitz jabita chesina itara deshaala kante malaysia zii. dii. pii. vruddhi raetu chaalaa dhooram taggi, 6.7 saataaniki padipoyindani, [itarulu] muuladhana niyantrana stiglitz champiyanlanu aasrayinchanappatikii 1999 mariyu mariyu takkuva vaegamgaa kolukunnarani ayana counter chesaaru."russian praivaeteekaranatoo athanu" "russia yokka prarambha samskaranalu prikivi mariyu sagam kalchabadinavi anae vaastavaanni vismaristaadu" "mariyu beyiloutlu mariyu marketetara marakam retlapai daani nammakaalato IMF" "market fundamentalism yokka goppa chihnam kaadu" "anie vaadinchadam dwara griswold muginchaadu".

