aangla chattamlo upaadhi oppandam

aangla chattamlo upaadhi oppandam anedi oka nirdishta rakamaina oppandam, dheenilo oka vyakti marokari aadesaala meraku pani chestaadu. oka oppandam yokka rendu pradhana lakshanaalu emitante, panini vetanam kosam marpidi cheyadam, mariyu oka paksham saapeksha aadharapadatam ledhaa berasaaraala shakti yokka asamaanata sambandhamlo nilustundi. eee praatipadikana, saasanam, mariyu kontavaraku saadhaarana chattam, yajamaniki vyatiraekamgaa tappanisari hakkulu amalu cheyabadaalani korutunnayi.
vividha rakaala upaadhi hakkula kosam ververu pareekshalu upayoginchabadutunnanduna, aangla chattam udyogulanu cover chese paridhi gurinchi vibhina abhiprayalu unnaayi, chattam "karmikudu" mariyu "udyogi" madhya spashtamaina vyatyaasaanni chooputundi mariyu eee nibandhanala upayogam kooda bhinnamgaa untundi european nyayasthaanam mariyu european union aadeshaalalo vaati upayogam. upaadhi hakkula chattam 1996 section 230 prakaram, "udyogi" antey seva oppandam unna evarainaa, idhi pannu mariyu himsa chattaniki kooda vartinche kortu kesula shreni nundi daani ardhaanni teesukuntundi, ikkada ververu nyaayamuurtulu padam yokka ardham gurinchi ververu abhipraayaalanu icchaaru. oka "udyogi" oka kaarmikudiki unna anni rakaala hakkulaku arhulu, conny adanamgaa nyaayamaina tolagimpu mariyu redendenseeki mundu sahetukamaina notice, yajamani diwala teesinappudu ledhaa vyaparam ammakam jariginappudu rakshana, upaadhi oppandam yokka prakatana, prasuuti selavu ledhaa pillala samrakshana kosam selavu teesukune hakkulu mariyu vruttiparamaina pinchanu hakkulu.
karmikudu" anedi daani chattabaddhamaina suutreekaranaloo oka vistruta bhavana, mariyu ekkuva mandini aakarshistundi, conny ekkuva hakkulanu kaligi undadu. karmikudu antey vyaktigatamgaa pani chese, client ledhaa customer kaani yea vyakti ayina. kaarmikuniki kaneesa vetanam, selavulu, kaarmika sanghamlo chaeradaaniki, anni vivaksha vyatiraeka chattalu mariyu aarogya mariyu bhadrata rakshana pondadaaniki hakku undhi.
upaadhi hakkula paridhi.
upaadhi hakkulu mariyu vidhulu vartinche prajala gurinchi samagra nirvachananni inca yuke ekikrutam cheyaledu. desheeya mariyu european rendintiloonuu saasanam mariyu kesu chattam, sumaru aaru itara nirvachanaalato 2 pradhana nirvachanaalanu upayogistaayi. european union 'karmikudu' anae padaaniki oka ekikruta nirvachananni kaligi undhi, idhi vaetanaaniki badulugaa pani kosam oppandam kaligi unna vyakti, mariyu oppandaaniki marinta haani kaliginche partyga kooda nilustundi. idhi shaastreeya kaarmika chatta siddhaantam yokka kernalnu pratibimbistumdi, upaadhi oppandam anedi "berasaaraala adhikaram yokka asamaanata" thoo nindi untundi, mariyu oppandam yokka puurti swechcha vyavastha kinda angeekarinchabade vatiki adanapu nibandhanalanu tappanisari cheyadaaniki samarthanagaa nilustundi.
upaadhi oppandam oka nirdishta rakaniki chendinadani, daanini vaanijya oppandamtho polchalemani yuke nyaayasthaanaalu angeekarinchaayi. ayithe, UK saasanaalu rendu pradhana nirvachanaalanu amalu chestaayi, 'udyogi' mariyu 'karmikudu', ververu hakkulatho. nirdishta samuuhaalanu 'udyogi' vargamloki chaerchadaaniki prabhutvam dviteeya chattanni kooda aamodinchavachhu. oka 'udyogi' kii andubaatulo unna anni hakkulu (oka 'karmikudu' yokka anni hakkulu, conny pillala samrakshana, padavee viramana mariyu udyoga bhadrata hakkulu kooda) untaayi. pradhana saasanam, upaadhi hakkula chattam 1996 section 230 kinda saadhaarana chattaniki ardham spashtamgaa vadiliveyabadindi mariyu 'seva' mariyu 'sevala kosam' madhya 19 va sataabdapu shaastreeya vyatyaasam prakaram abhivruddhi chendindi. oka udyogi taginanta sthaayilo 'niyantrana' kuu lobadi untaadani shaastreeya pareeksha ayithe, prajalu tama udyogaalanu elaa cheyaalo enchukoovadaaniki factory velupala ekkuva swayampratipatti unna kotta rakaala pani, mukhyamgaa 20va sataabdam madhyakaalam nundi, upaadhi yokka adanapu pareekshalu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. vyaparamlo entha mandhi 'vileenam' cheyabaddaro, ledhaa evarainaa roopakamgaa samstha yokka 'badge' dharinchara anae daanitoe sahaa aneka amsaalanu, 'aardhika vaastavikata' paie drushti saarinchi, padaardham meeda roopaanni chuupaaru. udyogi entha 'niyantrinchabaddaadu', vaaru tama saadhanaalanu kaligi unte, vaariki laabhaala avakaasam unte mariyu nashtam jarige pramaadaanni kaligi unte, anevi bahula sambandhita karakalu. conny 1970la chivaralo mariyu mariyu, konni kortulu 'paraspara baadhyata' yokka kotta pareeksha gurinchi matladatam praarambhinchaayi. dheeni gurinchi oka abhiprayam emitante, kaarmikulu vetanam kosam panini marpidi chesukunnaru. maroka abhiprayam prakaram, upaadhini andinchadaaniki mariyu angeekarinchadaaniki konasagutunna baadhyata unna chota upaadhi sambandham undaali. idhi yajamaanulu, saadhaaranamgaa takkuva vaetanaalu mariyu takkuva chattaparamaina avagahana unna vyaktulu, vaaru oka vyaktini saadhaarana praatipadikana matrame niyaminchukunnaarani, anduvalla pradhana udyoga bhadrata hakkulaku arhulu kakudadani vaadinchina sandarbhaalaku daariteesindi.
adanamgaa, 1996 section section 'karmikudu' nii upaadhi oppandam unna vyaktigaa ledhaa vyaktigatamgaa pani chese vyaktigaa client ledhaa customer kaadani nirvachinchaaru. kabatti eee bhavanaku ekkuva paridhi undhi, mariyu 'udyogi' anae padam kante ekkuva mandini rakshistundi. eee taragati vyaktiki surakshitamaina pani vyavastha, kaneesa vetanam mariyu pani samaya parimitulu, alaage vivaksha mariyu kaarmika sangha hakkulu labhistaayi, conny udyoga bhadrata, pillala samrakshana mariyu padavee viramana hakkulu labhinchavu. eee bhavana pakshika swayam upaadhi kaligina nipunulaina, antha haani kaliginchanappatikii, inti cleaner ledhaa vidyaarthi gruhalanu sandarsinche sangeeta upadhyayudu ledhaa konni sandarbhaallo taxi cab driver vanti vyaktulanu rakshinchadaaniki cherukuntundi.
upaadhi kalpana.
vyaktaparichae nibandhanalu.
oka vyakti yokka pani oppandam vargeekarinchabadina tarvaata, chattabaddhamaina kaneesa hakkula saasanaaniki minchi, daani nibandhanalu mariyu sharatulu emito nirnayinchadaaniki nyaayasthaanaalaku nirdishta niyamaalu untaayi. nibandhanalanu chaerchadaaniki saaruupya niyamaalu mariyu suutreekarana nibandhanalu saadhaarana oppanda chattamlo unnatlugaa unnaayi, ayithe "jisda saif vii barat" loe, lard kerr eee nirmaana prakriyanu oppanda saadhaarana chattam nundi "medhoparamgaa vaeru cheyabadaali" anie nokki chepparu, endukante oka udyogi kaligi unna aadharapadatam yokka sambandham. eee sandarbhamlo, ms barrat thana udyogaanni raddu chesinatlu oka lekhalo aame vacchina 3 rojula tarvaata terichinatlu chepparu. vacchina 3 nelalu mariyu 2 rojula tarvaata, aame anyaayamaina tolagimpu daavaanu daakhalu chesinappudu, yajamani, saadhaarana contract chattamlo oka sahetukamaina vyakti oka sandesaanni chadivinappudu noticeku kattubadi untaadane kaaranamtho idhi samayam nishedhinchabadindani vaadinchaaru. ms barrat daavaa vaeyadaaniki samayaniki vacchaarani supreenkortu perkondi, endukante aame daanini chadivinappudu matrame notisuku kattubadi undhi. udyogini rakshinchadaaniki upaadhi chattam yokka uddesyam prakaram, udyogamlo vartinchedi bhinnamgaa untundi. erpaatu nundi raddu varaku, upaadhi oppandaalanu aadhaarapadina kaarmikula chattabaddhamaina rakshana sandarbhamlo ardham chesukovali.
nibandhanalanu cherchadam.
upaadhi nibandhanalu anevi chattabaddhamaina kaneesa hakkulanu ullanghinchananta varaku, pani prarambhamainappudu udyogiki vaagdaanam cheyabadina anni vishayalu. adanamgaa, nibandhanalanu sahetukamaina notice dwara cherchavacchu, udaaharanaku vraatapuurvaka upaadhi oppandamlo sibbandi handbooknu soochinchadam dwara ledhaa sibbandi handbook pakkana unna filing cabinetloni patramlo kooda cherchavacchu. vyakteekarana padaalu lekunda avi union mariyu yajamani madhya kattubadi undavani bhaavinchinappatikii, saamuuhika oppandam vyaktigata hakkulaku daariteeyavachchu. nyaayasthaanaalu vartinche pareeksha emitante, daani nibandhanalu vileenam cheyadaaniki 'samuchitamainavi' kaadaa anie, 'vidhanam' ledhaa 'aakaanksha' prakatanalu kaadaa anie adagadam. saamuuhika oppandam yokka padaalu spashtamgaa unna chota, arhata pondadaaniki "laast inn, fust avt" niyamam unchabadindi, conny tappanisari redendencylanu khandinche uddesamto maroka nibandhana 'gouravamgaa' matrame kattubadi unnatlu anipinchindi.
udyogulaku anukuulamgaa unde nibandhanalanu suuchistumdi.
chattabaddhamaina hakkulu, spashtamgaa angeekarinchina nibandhanalu mariyu vileenam cheyabadina nibandhanalatho paatu, upaadhi sambandham yokka oppanda mukhya lakshanam daanitoe paatu praamaanika suuchimchina nibandhanala (ledhaa chattamlo suuchimchina nibandhanalu) shreni. nyaayasthaanaalu paarteela sahetukamaina anchanaalanu pratibimbimchaelaa bhaavinche vyaktigata suuchimchina nibandhanalatho paatu, yajamaniki udyogam lenappudu kooda surakshitamaina pani vyavastha mariyu vaetanaala chellimpu vanti adanapu baadhyatalanu udyogulu chellinchaalsi undani nyaayasthaanaalu chalakalamga perkonnaayi. iteevali praadhaanyatalanu pratibimbistuu, yajamaanulu tama udyogulaku vaari karyalaya pinchanu hakkula gurinchi teliyajeyaalsina baadhyata undani kooda gurtinchabaddaaru, ayinappatikee vaaru karyalaya vaikalya prayojanaalaku arhata pondadampai yajamaanulu salaha ivvaalsina avasaram ledhu. ayithe, mukhya suuchika padam, manchi vishwaasam yokka vidhi, ledhaa "paraspara vishwaasam mariyu vishwaasam". yajamaanulu nirankusa paddhatiloo vyavaharinchavaddani, udyogula paerlanu vaari venukaku pilavamani, vaetanaanni penchutunnappudu kaarmikulanu asamanamga chudalani, antarjaateeya neeraalaku oka mundanjagaa companyni nadapalani ledhaa bonasnu kouthugaa ivvadaaniki abheeshtaanusaaram vyavaharinchaalani korukovadam vanti nashtalaku parishkaralu ledhaa nishedhaagnaku daariteese vistrutamaina paristhitulalo idhi anuvartinchabade oka anuvaina bhavana. paraspara vishwaasam mariyu vishwaasam yokka pradhana suuchika padaanni enthavaraku 'oppandam nundi' cheyavachu anae daanipai nyaayamuurtula madhya udriktata undhi, prabhuvula sabha paarteelu alaa cheyadaaniki "swechcha" kaligi unnayani perkondi, ayithe itarulu eee prasnanu oppandam yokka nirmaana vishayamgaa sampradistaaru, idhi nirvachinchadaaniki pratyeka nyaya saamardhyamlo untundi.
upaadhi oppandam yokka rendava mariyu paatha lakshanam emitante, udyogulu paniloo unnappudu vaari yajamaanula suuchanalanu anusarinchadaaniki kattubadi untaaru, adhi saasanaanni ledhaa vaari angeekarinchina nibandhanalanu ullanghinchananta varaku. prati upaadhi sambandham yajamani abheeshtaanusaaram migilipotundi, idhi chaaritraatmakamgaa 'yajamani-sevakudu' sambandham gaa vyakteekarinchabadindi. nedu, aacharanalo, idhi vyapara avasaralaku anugunamgaa pani nibandhanalanu marchagala saamarthyaanni yajamaniki istundi. ellappuduu udyogi sammati ledhaa saamuuhika oppandam yokka punah sampradimpulu avasaramayye oppandam yokka vyakta nibandhanalaku viruddhamgaa lenantha varaku, dheenini konasaaginchadaaniki kortulu anumatinchaayi. edemaina, yajamaanulu edainaa oppanda vyavadhini maarchukune hakkunu kaligi undataaniki veelugaa 'vasyata nibandhanalanu' choppinchavacchani kooda nirdhaarinchabadindi. nyaayasthaanaalu nyayam pondadaaniki vidhaanaalanu taakinatlayithe, ledhaa avi paraspara vishwaasam mariyu vishwaasam yokka vidhini ullanghinche avakaasam unte, atuvanti paddhatula patla nyaayasthaanaala sahanam yokka parimitulu spashtamgaa kanipistaayi.
upaadhi siddhaantam.
1924 nundi 1932 varaku illinayisloni houthron works vadda nirvahinchina pareekshalalo kaanti maarpulu kaarmikula utpaadakatanu prabhaavitam cheyagalava anedi 'houthron prayogam'. laitlu masakabarinappudu kaarmikulu marinta kashtapadi panicheyavacchani pariseelakulu grahinchaaru, endukante vaaru gamanistunnaru anie vaariki telusu. prajalu tamanu gamaninchinatlu ledhaa sampradistunnatlu bhavinchinappudu, utpaadakata marinta perigindi.

