
samudrateera embeded ankerlu

samudrateeramlo ponduparachabadina langarlu anevi samudrateera upayogam kosam uddesinchina langarlu, ivi gurutvakarshana langarulaku viruddhamgaa, chuttupakkala matti yokka gharshana ledhaa baring nirodhakata nundi vaati pattukune saamarthyaanni pondutaayi, ivi ekkuvagaa vaati baruvu nundi vaati pattukune saamarthyaanni pondutaayi. samudrateera abhivruddhi lothaina jalaalloki vellinappudu, avasaramaina pedda parimaanam mariyu paryavasanamga ravana vyayam kaaranamgaa gurutvakarshana aadhaarita nirmaanaalu takkuva aardhikamgaa marutayi.
aneka embeded-anker rakalu prati okkati samudrateera nirmaanaalanu langaru vaeyadaaniki daani swantha prayojanaalanu andistaayi. langaru parishkaram yokka empika anedi samudrateera soukaryam yokka rakam, daani sthaanam, aardhika saadhyata, daani upayogam yokka jeevitakaalam, matti paristhitulu mariyu andubaatulo unna vanarulu vanti bahula karakalapai aadharapadi untundi.
samudrateeramlo mooring avasaramayye soukaryaalaku udaaharanalu teliade utpatti nilva mariyu offloading (eff. pii. ess. oo) unitlu, mobile afshore drilling unitlu, samudrateera chamuru utpatti vedikalu, taranga shakti mariyu itara punarutpaadaka indhana converterlu mariyu teliade draveekruta sahaja vayuvu soukaryaalu.
dragg-embedement ankerlu.
dragg-embedement ankerlu (dea) vaati pattukune saamarthyaanni samudragarbhamlo lothugaa khananam cheyadam ledhaa ponduparachadam dwara pondutaayi, vaati langaru saamarthyam neerugaa ponduparachabadina lothutho sambandham kaligi untundi. deeyaalanu lagadam dwara, mooring golusu ledhaa teeganu upayoginchi vyavasthaapistaaru, idhi saapekshamgaa saralamaina samsthaapana sadhanam, idhi deanu samudrateera nirmaanaalanu langaru vaeyadaaniki kharchutho koodukunna empikagaa chestundi. dias saadhaaranamgaa samudrateera chamuru mariyu gyaas nirmaanaala taatkaalika mooringla kosam upayogistaaru, udhaa.zii. mobile afshore drilling unitlu. taatkaalika mooring paristhitulalo matrame vaati upayogam ekkuvagaa anker yokka embedding patham mariyu mattiloo unchadam vanti anischiti kaaranamgaa undavacchu, idhi anker yokka pattukune saamardhyaaniki sambandhinchi anischitiki daariteestundi.
aadarsha paristhitulalo, dias atyanta samarthavanthamaina ankerlalo okati, vaati baruvuku 33 nundi 50 retlu ekkuva pattukogala saamarthyaalu kaligi untundi; mariyu atuvanti saamarthyam dias kuu kaisanlu mariyu piles vanti itara langaru parishkarala kante swaabhaavika prayojanaanni istundi, endukante dia yokka dravyarashi samudra mattamlo lothugaa kendrikrutamai untundi, ikkada matti nirodhakata mariyu anduvalla, pattukogala saamarthyam ekkuvagaa untundi. anker saamarthyam anedi antima holding saamarthyam mariyu anker yokka podi baruvu madhya nishpattigaa nirvachinchabadindi, itara anchoring parishkaaraalato poliste dees tarachugaa gananeeyamgaa adhika saamarthya nishpattulanu kaligi untaayi.
oka catainary aakruteekaranalo "slack" mooring linelu untaayi, ivi vaati swantha baruvutho catainary aakaraanni yerparustaayi. samudra mattam vembadi catainary mooring linelu chadunainavi kabatti, avi tama langarlapai kshitija samaantara saktulanu matrame prayogistaayi. samudra mattaniki oka konamlo vachhe kathinamaina mooring linelu vaati langarlapai kshitija samaantara mariyu niluvu saktulanu rendintinee prayogistaayi. dees kshitija samaantara saktulanu matrame nirodhinchadaaniki roopondinchabaddaayi kabatti, eee ankerlanu catainary-moored configurationlo matrame upayoginchaali. oka deeki gananeeyamaina niluvu bharanni vartimpajeyadam daani vaiphalyaaniki daariteestundi, endukante padiyeku vartinche niluvu shakti anker tirigi pondadaaniki daariteestundi. ayithe, idhi anker retrievalnu sulabhataram chestundi, idhi eee anchoring parishkaram yokka vyaya prabhaavaaniki dohadam chestundi.
design.
da yokka moodu pradhana bhagalu fluke, shank mariyu paade. oka dii kosam, gattipade bankamatti mariyu isuka kosam fluke mariyu shank madhya konam sumaru 30 degreelu mariyu mruduvaina bankamatti kosam 50 degreela vadda nirnayinchabadutundi.
fluck.
plate anker yokka fluke anedi baring plate, idhi daani antima embedement lothu vadda ekkuva mandhi ankerlanu pattukune saamarthyaanni andistundi. langaru saamardhyaaniki dohadapadatamto paatu, embedement samayamlo langaru sthirathvaaniki fluke dohadam cheyavachu. vistrutamaina flukenu sweekarinchadam anedi rolling sthirathvaanni andinchadamlo sahaayapadutundi, idhi lothaina ponduparachadam mariyu merugaina pattukune saamarthyaanni anumatistundi. anker flukela yokka tagina vedalpu, podavu mariyu mandam rendintikee sambandhinchina parisrama maargadarsakaalu unnaayi, ikkada vedalpu embedement disaku lambamgaa unde parimaanaanni suuchistumdi. vaanijya langarulu saadhaaranamgaa 2:1 yokka fluke vedalpu-podavu nishpattini mariyu 5 mariyu 30 madhya fluke podavu-mandam nishpattini kaligi untaayi.
shank.
dees vaati balaanni vaati ponduparachabadina lothu nundi pondutundi kabatti, langaru yokka ponduparachabadina pathaaniki lambamgaa matti nirodhakatanu tagginche vidhamgaa shank roopondinchaali.
ayithe, shank yokka samaantara bhaagaaniki vyatiraekamgaa gharshana matti nirodhakata takkuva mukhyamainadi. anduvalla, embedement patham yokka disaku anugunamgaa shank yokka praantam tarachugaa embedement samayamlo rolling kii vyatiraekamgaa anker sthirathvaanni andinchadaaniki saapekshamgaa peddadigaa untundi.
paade.
padiye anedi anker mariyu mooring line madhya anusandhanam. tarachugaa padey offset nishpattigaa kolustaaru, idhi anker yokka fluke-shank connectionku sambandhinchi padey sthaanam yokka kshitija samaantara mariyu niluvu dhooram madhya sambandham. dias mariyu niluvugaa load cheyabadina ankerlu (vlaas) kosam saraina paade vilakshanhata yokka moolyaankanam embedement samayamlo sthiramaina fluke-shank koonaanni icchina shank podavu yokka tagina empikaku parimitam cheyabadindi. 1 mariyu 2 madhya shank-podavu nundi fluke-podavu nishpattula shrenigaa pariganinchabade tagina shank podavulanu parisoedhinchadaaniki nirvahinchina oka adhyayanam. chinna shank podavulu (1 nishpattulaku daggaragaa) lothaina anker embedementnu utpatti chestayani nirdhaarinchabadindi.
mooring line.
mooring line anedi diaku pratyaekamaina anker bhaagam kaanappatikee, daani design anker pravartananu gananeeyamgaa prabhaavitam chestundi. mandapati mooring line anker embedementku marinta nirodhakatanu istundi. golusu, wire, mooring linela yokka lakshanaalu parisoedhimchabaddaayi, golusu mooring linelu 70 saatam varaku anker saamardhyamlo taggudalaku kaaranamavutaayi. anduvalla, tagina mariyu kharchutho koodukunna chota, wire mooring linelanu upayoginchaali. mooring line yokka embeded vibhagam kshitija samaantara kadalikaku vyatiraekamgaa anker yokka pattukune saamardhyaaniki dohadam chestundi. anduvalla, anker yokka embedement prakriya mariyu tudi anker holding saamardhyaaniki daani sahakaram rendintikee sambandhinchi anker yokka mooring line yokka sahakaranni vislaeshimchadam samuchitam.
niluvugaa load cheyabadina ankerlu.
niluvugaa-load cheyabadina ankerlu (vlaas) tappanisarigaa fluke-shank connection gurinchi swechchagaa tippagala dees, ivi anker niluvugaa mariyu kshitija samaantaramgaa load cheyadaanni thattukogalavu, anduvalla, dees maadirigaa kakunda, mooring linelu catainary ledhaa tott-moored configurationlo undavacchu. vlaas oka nirdishta dragg podavulo dees laaga ponduparachabadi untaayi. phalitamgaa, dees kosam avasaramaina design parigananalu chaalaa varaku vlaasku vartistaayi. dragg podavu choppinchina taruvaata, fluke "vidudala cheyabadutundi" mariyu shankto daani connection gurinchi swechchagaa tippadaaniki anumatinchabadutundi. eee kotta anker aakruteekarana phalitamgaa mooring line load tappanisarigaa vlaa yokka fluke saadhaaranamainadigaa untundi.
chushana kaisan.
chushana seasons (chushana bucketlu, chushana piles ledhaa chushana ankerlu anie kooda pilustaaru) anevi itara paddhatula kante aneka aardhika prayojanaalanu kaligi unna embeded ankerla yokka kotta taragati. avi tappanisarigaa paiki maarina bucketlu, ivi mattiloo ponduparachabadi, neetini bayataku pumping cheyadam dwara vaakyuumnu srushtinchadam dwara, samudrateeramlo teliade soukaryaalanu langaru vaeyadaaniki chuushanhanu upayogistaayi. avi upasamharana samayamlo twarita samsthaapana mariyu tholagimputho paatu padaarthaala kharchulanu tagginchadamtho sahaa aneka aardhika prayojanaalanu andistaayi. season pedda-vyaasam gala cylindernu kaligi untundi (saadhaaranamgaa paridhiloo), diguvana terichi, paina moosi, 3 nundi 6 paridhiloo podavu-nundi-vyaasam nishpattitoe untundi. eee langaru draavanam pedda samudrateera nirmaanaalu, samudrateera drilling mariyu vasati platfamlalo vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadutundi. punarutpaadaka indhanaaniki demand peragadam valla, atuvanti ankerlu ippudu samudrateera pavana turbinela kosam, saadhaaranamgaa tripaada aakruteekaranalo upayoginchabadutunnaayi.
chushana-ponduparachabadina plate ankerlu.
1997loe, saamarthyaanni penchadaaniki mariyu kharchulanu tagginchadaaniki-rendu niroopitamaina langaru bhavanala kalayikaga-chushana piles mariyu plate ankerla-chushana-ponduparachabadina plate anker (sepla) pravesapettabadindi.
nedu, sepla ankerlanu gulph off mexico, paschima africa teeram mariyu aneka itara pradaesaalaloo upayogistaaru. sepla oka chushana "fallover" nuu upayogistundi, idhi modatlo neetitho nindina, open-bottom kaisan, mattiloo plate langarunu ponduparachadaaniki. chushana anucharudini samudra mattaniki taggistaaru, akkada adhi daani swantha baruvutho chochukupovadam praarambhistundi. appudu season lopali nundi neetini pump chesi, plate langarunu kaavalasina lotuku (dasha 1) kindiki nette shoonyatanu srushtistaaru. plate anker mooring line appudu kaisan nundi vidadeeyabadutundi, idhi neetini kaisanloki balavantamgaa pampadam dwara tirigi pondabadutundi, deenivalla plate yankarnu ponduparachabadinappudu paiki kadulutundi (dasha 2). appudu mooring line (dasha 3) kuu tension vartinchabadutundi, deenivalla plate anker ("keying" anie kooda piluvabade prakriya) loading disaku lambamgaa tirugutundi (dasha 4). garishta uparitala vaisaalyam loading disanu edurkontu, anker yokka nirodhakatanu penchadaaniki idhi jarugutundi.
chushana-kaisan anucharudini upayoginchinanduna, sepla ankerlanu pratyaksha-ponduparachabadina yankarluga vargeekarinchavachhu; anduvalla anker yokka sthaanam mariyu lothu telustundi. vaati bhougolika saanketika saamarthyam kaaranamgaa, sepla plate ankerlu samaanamaina chushana ankerla kante gananeeyamgaa chinnaviga mariyu teelikagaa untaayi, tadwara kharchulanu taggistaayi.
dynamicga vyavasthaapinchabadina ankerlu.
lothaina neetilo langarulanu erpaatu chese kharchu peragadam valla, free-phaal dwara samudra mattamlo tamanu taamu pondupariche dynamicga chochukupoye langarulanu praarambhinchadaaniki daariteesindi. eee langarulu saadhaaranamgaa mandapati godalu, ukku, gottapu shaftto kuudina scrap metal ledhaa kaankreetutoo nindi untaayi mariyu sankuvu konatho amarchabadi untaayi. ukku dravaalu tarachugaa daani hydrodynamic sthirathvaanni meruguparachadaaniki mariyu samsthaapana tarvaata paiki levadaaniki vyatiraekamgaa adanapu gharshana nirodhakatanu andinchadaaniki shaftku jodinchabadataayi.
dynamicga vyavasthaapinchina ankerla yokka pradhana prayojanam emitante vaati upayogam neeti lothu dwara parimitam kaadu. samsthaapana samayamlo adanapu yaantrika paraspara charya avasaram lenanduna kharchulu taggutaayi. saadhaarana anker design kalpana mariyu nirvahana kharchulanu kanishtamgaa unchutundi. adanamgaa, dynamic ankerla yokka antima holding saamarthyam sthaanam yokka bhougolika saanketika anchanaapai takkuvagaa aadharapadi untundi, endukante takkuva kotha-balaalu ekkuva chochukupovadaniki anumatistaayi, idhi holding saamarthyaanni penchutundi. eee prayojanaalu unnappatikee, eee anker rakam yokka pradhana pratikuulata emitante embedement lothu mariyu dhoranini anchanaa veyadamlo anischiti sthaayi mariyu phalitamgaa anischita holding saamarthyam.
design.
1990laloe vaati modati vaanijya abhivruddhi nundi dynamicga vyavasthaapinchabadina aneka rakaala ankerlu roopondinchabaddaayi. lothaina-chochukupoye anker (dpa) mariyu torpedo anker samudrateera dakshina america mariyu norwegian jalaallo vistrutamgaa sweekarinchabaddaayi. vaati namuunaalu chitramlo rendu itara rakaala dynamicga install cheyabadina yankarlatho chuupimchabaddaayi, avi omni-maaks mariyu dynamicga embeded plate anker (depla).
lothaina chochukupoye mariyu torpedo langarlu samudra mattam vadda garishta vaegaalanu cherukunela roopondinchabaddaayi, ivi langaru podavu kante rendu nundi moodu retlu kona chochukupovadaniki veelu kalpistaayi mariyu matti ekikarana tarvaata langaru baruvuku moodu nundi aaru retlu paridhiloo saamardhyaalanu kaligi untaayi.
dynamic-embeded plate anker (depla) anedi direct-embedement, niluvugaa load cheyabadina anker, idhi neetilo freefall dwara pondina kinetic energy dwara samudragarbhamlo embeded cheyabadina plaetnu kaligi untundi. eee kotta anker concept iteevala matrame abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, conny prayogasaala mariyu feeled rendintiloonuu pareekshinchabadindi. depla yokka vividha bhaagaalanu chitramlo label cheyabadina rekhaachitramlo chudavachu.
omni-maaks anker anedi gurutvakarshana-vyavasthaapinchina anker, idhi daani 360-degreela swivel feature kaaranamgaa yea disaloonainaa load cheyagaladu. anker adhika-shakti ukkutho tayaaru cheyabadutundi mariyu nirdishta matti paristhitulaku anugunamgaa sardubaatu cheyagala fluke rekkalanu kaligi untundi.
torpedo ankerlu.
torpedo anker niluvu ukku rekkalatho ledhaa lekunda gottapu ukku shaftnu kaligi untundi, idhi sankuvu konatho amarchabadi, scrap metal ledhaa kaankreetutoo nindi untundi. sudeerghakaalam varaku, langaru puurtigaa samudra mattamlo free-phaal dwara khananam cheyabadutundi.
neetilo puurti sthaayi kshetra pareekshalu neetilo podavaina, vyaasam, torpedo yankarnu upayoginchi, podigaa unde baruvutho, lothu varaku jarigaayi. samudra mattam paina nundi padipoyina torpedo anker saadhaaranamgaa ekikruta mattiloo chochukupoyindi.
torpedo yankarto tadupari pareekshalu, podi baruvu mariyu sagatu kona embedementto, samsthaapana tarvaata ventane anker yokka podi baruvu kante sumaru 4 retlu ekkuva saamarthyaanni kaligi undataaniki daariteesindi, idhi matti ekikarana tarvaata 10 rojula tarvaata daadaapu rettimpu ayyindi.
dragg embedement anker vanti itara rakaala yankarlatho pondagalige daanikante saamarthyaalu takkuvagaa unnappatikee, idhi kalpana yokka takkuva kharchu mariyu samsthaapana soulabhyam dwara bharti cheyabadutundi. anduvalla, raijarlu mariyu itara teliade nirmaanaala station-keeping kosam torpedo ankerlanu varusalo moharinchavachhu.
lothaina chochukupoye langarulu.
lothaina-chochukupoye anker (dpa) anedi torpedo yankarnu bhavanatmakamga pooli untundih idhi dart aakaaramlo, mandapati godalatho kuudina, ukku cylindernu kaligi untundi, idhi anker eguva bhaagaaniki anusandhaaninchabadina flukelatho untundi. puurti sthaayi dpa sumaru podavu, vyaasam mariyu baruvu yokka kramamlo untundi. daani samsthaapana paddhati torpedo anker kante bhinnamgaa leduh idhi samudra mattaniki paina mundugaa nirnayinchina ettuku tagginchabadutundi, aapai samudra mattamlo ponduparachadaaniki free-phaal loe vidudala cheyabadutundi.
langaru piles.
pedda pattukune saamarthyam avasaramayye paristhitulaku embeded anker piles (nadiche ledhaa travvina) avasaram. anker piles roopakalpana moodu rakaala mooring aakruteekaranalanu anumatistundi-niluvu tethers, catainary moorings mariyu semee-tott/tott moorings-ivi afshore wind turbinelu, floating production storage mariyu off loading (fpso) noukalu, floating draveekruta sahaja vayuvu (flng) soukaryaalu modalaina afshore nirmaanaala mooring kosam upayoginchabadataayi. oka paarisraamika udaaharana ursa tension-legg platfam (tlp), idhi 16 anker piles dwara stationlo unchabadindi, veetilo prati okkati podavu, vyaasam mariyu baruvu kaligi untundi.
design.
anker piles anevi bolu ukku gottalu, ivi nadapabadataayi ledhaa samudra mattamloki travvabadi, aapai grout cheyabadina randhramloki choppinchabadataayi, saadhaaranamgaa samudrateera sthira nirmaanaalalo upayoginche pail foundationla maadirigaane untaayi. eee chitram vividha samsthaapana paddhatulanu chooputundi, ikkada "nadiche" paddhatiloo, ukku gottam oka sutthi dwara yaantrikamgaa nadapabadutundi, ayithe "drill chesina" paddhatiloo oka cast inn-situ kuppanu rotary driltho nirminchina pedda parimaanapu borhole choppinchi, aapai cementto grout cheyabadutundi. oka nirdishta paddhati yokka upaadhi samudra mattam yokka bhougolika mariyu bhougolika saanketika lakshanaalapai aadharapadi untundi.
anker piles saadhaaranamgaa kshitija samaantara mariyu niluvu bhaaraalanu nirodhinchadaaniki roopondinchabaddaayi. langaru kuppa yokka akshasambandha pattukogala saamarthyam kuppa-matti antarmukham venta gharshana kaaranamgaa untundi, ayithe kuppa yokka parshwa saamarthyam parshwa matti nirodhakata dwara utpatti avutundi, ikkada eee nirodhakatanu optimize cheyadaaniki langaru yokka dhorani keelakam. phalitamgaa, padiye yokka sthaanam, catennary ledhaa tutt mooring nundi vachhe shakti, saraina parshwa matti nirodhakatanu saadhinchadaaniki, bhramana binduvu gurinchi oka kshanam samatulyataku daariteestundi.
samsthaapana.
anker piles yokka sannani swabhaavam kaaranamgaa, nadiche piles kuu sambandhinchina moodu samsthaapana samasyalu unnaayi, veetilo modatidi aaa pradaesamloe piles yokka drive saamarthyam, ledhaa adhika matti nirodhakata kaavalasina lotuku chochukupovadaanni nirodhinchavacchu. rendava samasya emitante, adhika nirodhakata mariyu pail patham yokka vichalanam kaaranamgaa kona koolipovadam ledhaa buckling sambhavinche piles yokka vaikalyam. moodava samasya matti yokka bhougolika saanketika lakshanaalu. matti dwara taginanta parshwa nirodhakata lekapovadam valla langaru kuulipoevadaaniki daariteeyavachchu, mariyu chochukupoye patham venta raallu mariyu bandaraallu tiraskaranaku mariyu kona kuulipoevadaaniki daariteeyavachchu.
drilling mariyu grouted pilesku sambandhinchina samsthaapana samasyalalo borehole sthirathvam, randhram adugubhaagamlo avaanchita mruduvaina kothalu, grout nashtaniki daariteese matti yokka hydrofracture mariyu ushna vistarana prabhavalu unnaayi.

