
geosynchronous kakshya

geosynchronous kakshya (konnisaarlu sankshiptamgaa gso) anedi bhoomi kendrikruta kakshya, idhi kakshya vyavadhi, daani aksham meeda bhoomi yokka bhramanaaniki, 23 gantalu, 56 nimishalu mariyu 4 sekanlu (oka pakka roeju) thoo saripolutundi. bhramana mariyu kakshya kaalam yokka samakaaleekarana antey, bhoomi yokka uparitalampai oka pariseelakudiki, geosynchronous kakshyalo unna oka vastuvu oka pakka roeju vyavadhi tarvaata aakaasamlo sarigga adhe sthaanaaniki tirigi vastundi. oka roeju vyavadhilo, aakaasamlo vastuvu yokka sthaanam nischalamgaa undavacchu ledhaa oka marganni gurtinchavacchu, saadhaaranamgaa chitram-8 roopamlo, dheeni khachitamaina lakshanaalu kakshya yokka vampu mariyu vikendrikaranapai aadharapadi untaayi. vruttaakaara geosynchronous kakshya sthiramaina ettunu kaligi untundi.
geosynchronous kakshya yokka pratyeka sandarbham geostationary kakshya (tarachugaa sankshiptamgaa "geo"), idhi bhoomi yokka bhoomadhyarekha samatalamlo 0kii samaanamaina vampu mariyu vikendrikarana rendintitho vruttaakaara geosynchronous kakshya. geostationary kakshyalo oka upagraham uparitalampai pariseelakulaku aakaasamlo adhe sthithilo untundi.
communication upagrahaalaku tarachugaa geostationary ledhaa geostationary kakshyalaku daggaragaa ivvabadutundi, tadwara vaatitho communicate chese upagraha antennalu kadalaalsina avasaram ledhu, conny upagraham kanipinche aakaasamlo sthiramaina pradaesamloe saasvatamgaa chuupavachchu.
charitra.
1929loe, herman potochnic saadhaaranamgaa geosynchronous kaksyalu mariyu mukhyamgaa geostationary erth kakshya yokka pratyeka sandarbham rendintinee antariksha kendraalaku upayogakaramaina kakshyaluga varninchaaru. prajaadarana pondina saahityamlo geosynchronous kakshya yokka modati aavirbhavam october 1942loe georg oo raasina modati veenus equilator kathalo jarigindi. smith, conny smith vivaraalloki vellaledu. british sains fiction rachayita orther sii. clark 1945loe "extra-terrestrial relace-rockett stationlu prapanchavyaaptamgaa radeo kavarejeeni andinchagalavaa?" anae sheershikato oka patrikalo eee bhavananu prachuryam pondhi, vistarinchaadu."," wireless varald "patrikalo prachurinchabadindi. clark "puurti veenus equilator" kuu thana parichayamlo eee sambandhaanni angeekarinchaadu. prasaara mariyu prasaara samachara upagrahaalaku upayogakaramgaa unnatlu modata varninchina clark kaksyanu konnisaarlu clark kakshya anie pilustaaru. adevidhamgaa, eee kakshyalo krutrima upagrahaala sekarananu clark belt anie pilustaaru.
saanketika paribhaashalo, bhuu samakaalika kaksyalu bhoomadhyarekhapai unte vaatini tarachugaa bhusthira kakshyaluga suuchistaaru, ayithe eee padaalu kontavaraku parasparam maarchukoobadataayi. pratyaekamgaa, geosynchronous erth arbit (geo) anedi "geosynchronous bhoomadhyarekha kakshya" ledhaa "geostationary erth arbit" kuu paryaayapadamgaa undavacchu.
modati geosynchronous upagrahanni 1959loe hugs vimaanamlo panichestunnappudu harrold rosen roopondinchaaru. sputnik 1 nundi prerana pondhi, communicationlanu prapancheekarinchadaaniki geostationary (geosynchronous bhoomadhyarekha) upagrahanni upayoginchaalani ayana korukunnaru. appudu america, airopala madhya telecommunicationlu okesari kevalam 136 mandhi madhya sadhyamayyayi, adhika frequency radiolu, samudragarbha kebulpai aadharapadatam jarigindi.
aaa samayamlo sampradaaya ghnaanam emitante, oka upagrahanni geosynchronous kakshyalo unchadaaniki chaalaa rockett shakti avasaram mariyu adhi kharchunu samarthinchentha ekkuva kaalam manugada saaginchadu, kabatti takkuva ledhaa madhyataraha bhoomi kakshyalo upagrahaala nakshatraraashula vaipu prarambha prayatnaalu jarigaayi. veetilo modatidi 1960loe nishkriyaatmaka pratidhvani beloon upagrahaalu, taruvaata 1962loe telstar 1. eee prajectulaku signal balam mariyu geosynchronous upagrahaala dwara parishkarinchagala tracking ibbandulu unnappatikee, eee bhavana aacharana saadhyam kaadani bhaavinchaaru, kabatti tarachugaa nidhulu mariyu maddatunu nilipivesevi.
1961 natiki, rosen mariyu athani brundam oka sthuupaakaara namuunaanu, vyaasam, etthu, baruvutho utpatti chesaaru; idhi telikainadi mariyu chinnadi, appudu andubaatulo unna rocketla dwara kakshyalo unchadaaniki saripotundi, spin sthireekarinchabadindi mariyu pancake aakarapu taranga roopaanni utpatti chese dvidhruva antennalanu upayoginchindi. 1961 augustulo, pani chese upagrahanni nirminchadam praarambhinchadaaniki vaaru oppandam kudurchukunnaru. vaaru electronics vaiphalyam kaaranamgaa syncom 1nii kolpoyaru, conny syncom 2nii 1963loe geosynchronous kakshyalo vijayavantamgaa unchaaru. daani vamputirigina kakshyaku ippatikee kadile antennalu avasaramainappatiki, idhi tv prasaralanu prasaram cheyagaligindi mariyu us president zaan eff. aagashtu 23,1963naa nigeria pradhana mantri abubakar tafawa baalevaaku ooda nundi phone cheyadaaniki kennedy.
nedu remot sensing, navigation mariyu communicationlanu andinche vandalaadi geosynchronous upagrahaalu unnaayi.
graham meeda atyadhika janabha kaligina bhuu pradaesaalaloo ippudu bhusambandhamaina samachara soukaryaalu (microwave, fiber-optic) unnappatikee, ivi tarachugaa jaapyam mariyu bandwidth prayojanaalanu kaligi untaayi, mariyu 2018 natiki janabhalo 96 saatam mandiki telephone access mariyu internet access 90 saatam varaku unnappatikee, abhivruddhi chendina deshaalalo konni graameena mariyu maarumuula praantaalu ippatikee upagraha samachara marpidipai aadharapadi unnaayi.
rakalu.
bhusthira kakshya.
bhusthira bhoomadhyarekha kakshya (geo) anedi bhoomi yokka bhoomadhyarekha yokka samatalamlo sumaruga vyaasaartham (bhoomi yokka kendram nundi kolustaaru) thoo vruttaakaara bhuu samakaalika kakshya. atuvanti kakshyalo oka upagraham sagatu samudra mattaniki sumaruga ettulo untundi. idhi bhoomi yokka uparitalaaniki sambandhinchi adhe sthaanaanni nirvahistundi. bhusthira kakshyalo oka upagrahanni chudagaligithe, adhi aakaasamlo adhe binduvu vadda tirugutuu kanipistundi, antey.ii., rojuvaaree kadalikanu pradarsinchadu, suuryudu, chandrudu mariyu nakshatraalu daani venuka aakaasamlo prayaanistaayi. ituvanti kaksyalu telecommunication upagrahaalaku upayogapadataayi.
sampoorna sthiramaina bhusthira kakshya anedi kevalam anchanaa veyagala aadarsam. aacharanalo soura gaali, vikirana peedanam, bhoomi yokka gurutvakarshana kshetramloni vaividhyaalu mariyu chandrudu mariyu suuryuni gurutvakarshana prabhavam vanti aatamkaala kaaranamgaa upagraham eee kakshya nundi bayataku velutundi mariyu kaksyanu nirvahinchadaaniki thrusterlu upayoginchabadataayi.
chivariki, thrusterla vadakam lekunda, kakshya vangi, prati 55 samvatsaraalaku 0° mariyu 15° madhya oogisalaadutundi. upagraham yokka jeevitakaalam chivarilo, indhanam ksheenataku cherukunnappudu, upagraha nirvaahakulu vampunu saricheyadaaniki mariyu vikendriyatanu matrame niyantrinchadaaniki eee khareedaina vinyasalanu tolaginchaalani nirnayinchukovacchu. idhi upagraham yokka jeevitakaalaanni podigistundi, endukante idhi kalakramena takkuva indhanaanni viniyogistundi, ayithe upagrahanni appudu matrame enn-ess kadalikanu anusarinchagala ground antennalu upayoginchagalavu.
bhusthira upagrahaalu kooda station keeping lekunda 75° mariyu 255° yokka rendu sthiramaina rekhamsalalo okadaani chuttoo tirugutaayi.
deerghavruttaakaara mariyu vamputirigina geosynchronous kaksyalu.
geosynchronous kakshyalloni aneka vastuvulu asaadhaarana mariyu/ledhaa vamputirigina kaksyalanu kaligi untaayi. vikendrikarana kaksyanu deerghavruttaakaaramgaa chestundi mariyu ground station drukkonam nundi aakaasamlo e-w oogisalaadutunnatlu kanipistundi, ayithe vampu bhoomadhyarekhatho poliste kaksyanu vangi, ground station nundi n-s oogisalaadutunnatlu kanipistundi. eee prabhavalu kalisi analemmanu yerparustaayi (chitram-8).
deerghavruttaakaara/asaadhaarana kakshyalaloni upagrahaalanu nadipinchagala ground stationla dwara track cheyali.
tandra kakshya.
tandra kakshya oka asaadhaarana geosynchronous kakshya, idhi upagraham thana ekkuva samayanni oka adhika akshaamsha pradaesamloe nivasinchadaaniki anumatistundi. idhi 63.4° vamputho untundi, idhi stambhimpachesina kakshya, idhi station keeping avasaranni taggistundi. oka praantamloo nirantara kavarejeeni andinchadaaniki kaneesam rendu upagrahaalu avasaram. uttara america mariyu kenadaalo signal balaanni meruguparachadaaniki dheenini syrious exm upagraha radeo upayoginchindi.
pakshika-shoonya kakshya.
pakshika-shoonya upagraha vyavastha (qzss) anedi naalugu upagraha vyavastha, idhi geosynchronous kakshyalo 42° vampu mariyu 0.075 vikendriyatato panichestundi. prati upagraham japan meedugaa pravahistundi, pattana loyalaloni receiverlanu cherukovadaniki sankethaalanu anumatistundi, aapai australia meedugaa vaegamgaa velutundi.
praarambhinchandi.
bhuu samakaalika upagrahaalu bhoomadhyarekha yokka bhramana retuku saripoye purogamana kakshyaloki thoorpuna prayoginchabadataayi. oka upagrahanni prayoginchagala atichinna vampu prayoga sthalam yokka akshaamsam, kabatti bhoomadhyarekhaku daggaragaa nundi upagrahanni prayoginchadam taruvaata avasaramaina vampu maarpunu parimitam chestundi. adanamgaa, bhoomadhyarekhaku daggaragaa nundi prayoginchadam valla bhoomi yokka bhramana vegam upagrahaaniki ootam istundi. prayoga sthalaaniki thoorpuna neeru ledhaa edaarulu undaali, tadwara viphalamaina raaketlu janabha unna praantampai padavu.
chaalaa prayoga vahanalu geosynchronous upagrahaalanu neerugaa geosynchronous badilee kakshya (zii. tii. oo) loki unchutaayi, idhi zii. ess. oo. etthu vadda apoji mariyu takkuva perijeetho kuudina deerghavruttaakaara kakshya. aann-board upagraha chodaka saktini appudu perijeeni paiki lepadaaniki, vruttaakaaramlo mariyu gso cherukovadaniki upayogistaaru.
aacharaneeyamaina bhusthira kakshyalo okasari, antariksha nauka tama pakshika-pradhana akshanni sardubaatu cheyadam dwara tama rekhansha sthaanaanni marchukovacchu, tadwara kotta kaalam oka pakka roeju kante takkuvagaa ledhaa ekkuva untundi, tadwara thoorpu ledhaa paschimam vaipu spashtamaina "drift" nuu prabhaavitam chestundi. kaavalasina rekhaamsam vadda okasari, antariksha nauka yokka kaalam geosynchronouscu punaruddharinchabadutundi.
pratipaadita kaksyalu.
rashtra pratipaadana.
statite anedi oka oohaatmaka upagraham, idhi daani kaksyanu savarinchadaaniki soura terachaapaku vyatiraekamgaa suuryuni nundi vachhe radiation ottidini upayogistundi.
idhi bhoomi yokka cheekati vaipu sumaru 30 degreela akshaamsamloo thana sthaanaanni kaligi untundi. idhi bhoomi aadhaarita veekshakudi konam nundi prati 24 gantalaku okasari aakaasamlo adhe pradaesaaniki tirigi vastundi, kabatti kriyaatmakamgaa geosynchronous kaksyanu pooli untundi.
space elevator.
geosynchronous kakshya yokka maroe roopam saiddhaantika antariksha elevator. oka chivara bhoomiki anusandhaaninchabadinappudu, geostationary belt krinda unna ettulaku elevator gurutvakarshana kante takkuva kakshya vyavadhini nirvahistundi.
padavee viramana chesina upagrahaalu.
geosynchronous upagrahaalaku vaati sthaanaanni nilabettukovadaaniki konni station keeping avasaram, mariyu okasari avi thruster indhanam aipoi, ikapai upayogapadavu, avi adhika smasaana kakshyaloki taralinchabadataayi. geosynchronous upagrahaalanu dearibit cheyadam saadhyam kaadu, endukante idhi kaksyanu koddigaa paiki ettadam kante chaalaa ekkuva indhanam teesukuntundi, mariyu vaataavarana dragg chaalaa takkuvagaa untundi, idhi gsos jeevitakaalaanni vaela samvatsaraala varaku istundi.
padavee viramana prakriya ekkuvagaa niyantrinchabadutondi mariyu upagrahaalu jeevitaantam bhusthira belt nundi 200 kii. mea. la kante ekkuva dhooram velladaaniki 90 saatam avakaasam undaali.
antariksha avasheshaalu.
geosynchronous kakshyalalo antariksha sidhilaalu saadhaaranamgaa leo kante takkuva gharshana vegaanni kaligi untaayi, endukante chaalaa gso upagrahaalu oke vimanam, etthu mariyu vegamtho kakshyalo untaayi; ayithe, asaadhaarana kakshyalalo upagrahaala uniki 4 kimmy/seey varaku guddukodaniki anumatistundi. dheekonadam saapekshamgaa asambhavam ayinappatikee, gso upagrahaalu etuvanti sidhilaalanu nivaarinche parimita saamarthyaanni kaligi untaayi.
10 centimeters kante takkuva vyaasam gala sidhilaalanu bhoomi nundi chudalemu, tadwara vaati prabalyanni anchanaa veyadam kashtam.
pramaadaanni tagginchadaaniki prayatnaalu chesinappatiki, antariksha noukalu dheekonadam jarigindi. european antariksha samstha telecom upagraham olympuses-1 augustu 11,1993naa oka ulkatho dheekotti, chivariki smasaanavaatika kakshyaku taralinchabadindi, mariyu 2006loe russian express-aam 11 communications upagraham teliyani vastuvu taaki panicheyaledu, ayinappatikee daani injaneerlaku upagrahamtho taginanta samparka samayam undhi, daanini smasaanavaatika kakshyaloki pampadaaniki. 2017loe AMC-9 mariyu telcom-1 rendoo teliyani kaaranam nundi vidipoyaayi.
aastulu.
geosynchronous kakshya krindi lakshanaalanu kaligi untundih
kaalam.
anni geosynchronous kaksyalu sarigga oka pakka rojuku samaanamaina kakshya kaalanni kaligi untaayi. dheeni ardham itara kakshya lakshanaalatoo sambandham lekunda, upagraham prati (pakka) roeju bhoomi uparitalaaniki paina unna adhe binduvuku tirigi vastundi. eee kakshya kaalam, t, suutram dwara kakshya yokka pakshika-pradhana akshaniki neerugaa sambandhinchinadih
ekkadah
vampu.
geosynchronous kakshya edainaa vampunu kaligi untundi.
upagrahaalu saadhaaranamgaa sunna vampunu kaligi untaayi, kakshya anni samayaallo bhoomadhyarekhapai undela chestundi, idhi bhoomi pariseelakudi konam nundi (mariyu ecf reference framelo) akshaamsaaniki sambandhinchi sthiramgaa untundi.
tandra kakshyaku maroe prasiddha vampulu 63.4°, idhi kakshya yokka periji vaadana kalakramena maaradani nirdhaaristundi.
ground track.
bhusthira kakshya yokka pratyeka sandarbhamlo, upagraham yokka ground track bhoomadhyarekhapai oke binduvu. sunna kaani vampu ledhaa vikendrikaranato kuudina geosynchronous kakshya yokka saadhaarana sandarbhamlo, ground track anedi ekkuva ledhaa takkuva vakreekarinchina sankhya-enimidi, idhi prati pakka rojuku okasari adhe pradaesaalaku tirigi vastundi.

