
dakshina paiyut prajalu

dakshina paiyut prajalu dakshina newada, uttara arizona mariyu dakshina utah yokka kolarado nadhee pareevaahaka praantamloo nivasinchina sthaanika americanla tega. dakshina paiyut yokka brundaalu eee bhuubhaagam antataa chellacheduruga unna pradaesaalaloo nivasistaayi mariyu aneka reservationlapy samakhya gurtimpu pondaayi. dakshina payoot saampradayakamgaa matlade kolarado nadhi sankhya, idhi ippudu yooto-aztecan bhasha kutumbaaniki chendina sankhya saakhalo teevramgaa antarinchipothunna bhasha, mariyu yoottho parasparam ardham chesukovacchu. payute anae padam "paa" yute nundi vachindi, dheeni ardham neeru yute, mariyu neeti vanarula sameepamlo nivasinchadaaniki vaari praadhaanyatanu suuchistumdi. european valasaraajyaalaku mundu vaaru vasantakaalamlo, mokkajonna, squash, pucchakaayalu, dosakayalu, poddutirugudu puvvulu, beans mariyu godhumalaku jalaasayaalu mariyu neetipaarudala guntalatho varada maidaana vyavasayam chesevaaru.
dakshina paayyuuttoe modati european parichayam 1776loe jarigindi, tandri sylvestray velez dii escalant mariyu francisco atanasio domingues california missionlaku oka bhusambandhamaina marganni kanugone prayatnamlo vaarini edurkonnaru. dakshinaadi payoot purushulalo kondaru "mandapati gaddam kaligi unnaarani, sthaanika americanla kante spanish purushulala kanipistaarani bhaavinchaaru" anie vaaru gurtinchaaru. eee teedeeki mundu, dakshina paiyut navajo mariyu yutt baanisala daadulanu edurkondi. spanish mariyu taruvaata euro-american anveshakulu tama bhuubhaagamlooki ravadam valla itara tegala baanisala daadi perigindi. 1851loe, morman sthiranivaasulu vyuuhaatmakamgaa payoot neeti vanarulanu aakramincharu, idhi dependency sambandhaanni srushtinchindi. ayithe, mormon sthiranivaasula uniki twaralone baanisa daadulanu muginchindi, mariyu pites mariyu mormonela madhya sambandhaalu praathamikamgaa saantiyutamgaa undevi. morman missionary jacob hamblin dautya prayatnaalalo panicheesaaru. european sthiranivaasulu mariyu vyavasaya paddhatula parichayam (mukhyamgaa pedda pasuvula mandalu) dakshina paiyut vaari saampradaaya jeevanasailini konasaginchadam kashtataram chesindi, endukante idhi aatanu tarimikotti, vetade saamarthyaanni, alaage sahaja aaharaanni sekarinche saamarthyaanni tagginchindi.
nedu dakshina paiyut sanghaalu nevaadaaloni laas vegas, pahramp mariyu movapa vadda unnaayi; utaalooni deevadaaru nagaram, kanosh, koosharem, shivvits mariyu bharatiya sikharaalu; arizonaloni kaibab mariyu villo springla vadda unnaayi.
praja sambandhaalu.
prarambha vidhanam.
1850laku mundu payoot prajalu itara sthaanika american samuuhaalatoe saapekshamgaa saantiyutamgaa nivasinchaaru. eee samoohaalalo navajo, utae, hopi tegalu undevi. samuuhaala madhya appudappudu udriktata mariyu himsaatmaka vyaapti unnappatikee, paayootlu vaari vadulugaa unna saamaajika nirmaanam kaaranamgaa pradhanamgaa itara tegalu mariyu sthiranivaasulatho saantitoe jeevinchagaligaaru. chaalaa mandhi paayootlu chinna kutumba samoohaalalo nivasinchaaru, vaanijyam mariyu vaanijyam vishayaala kosam matrame pedda pradaesaalaloo kalisi undevaaru. 1850laku mundu, vaari atipedda satruvulu navajos, youts mariyu hopis vanti pootii tegala nundi daadi chesevaaru. navajos mukhyamgaa payoot metha bhoomipai chorabadataaniki mariyu baanisa vyaparam kosam payoot mahilalu mariyu pillalanu pattukoovadaaniki daadulaloo paalgonadaaniki prasiddhi chendaaru.
1860laku mundu, bhoomi deerghakaalika abhivruddhi jaragaledu. vaariki sthaanikamgaa laeni sambandhaalu chaalaavaraku taatkaalika ugravaadulu ledhaa vyaapaarulato undevi. poyoots tama puurveekula bhoomulanu rakshinchukovadaaniki teevramgaa poraadaaru, modata sthiranivaasulanu tarimikottadamlo vijayavantamayyaaru. 1800la rendava bhaagamlo, paiyut bhoomulaku valasa vacchina atyanta pramukha samoohaalalo nevaadaaloni piyocheloni taruvaati roeju saints yokka yesu kreestu charchi nundi sabhyulu mariyu missionarylu mariyu vendi ganula kaarmikulu unnaaru. 1869loe, francois luis alfred pioche anae dhanavanthudaina pettubadidaarudu pioche pattanamlooni oka vendi ganilo pettubadi pettadu, idhi praarambhamlo ganulalo panicheyadaaniki choukaina payoot kaarmikulapai aadhaarapadindi. ganulaloni paristhitulu payoot janabhalo naatakeeya ksheenataku kaaranamayyaayi. payoot pillalu american paatasaalalaku haajaru kaavadaaniki tappanisari cheyabaddaaru, ivi veelainanta varaku vaarini vileenam cheyadaaniki prayatninchaayi. 1900la praarambhamlo, sumaru 800 mandhi paiyut prajalu unnaaru.
aadhunika sambandhaalu.
1950laloe, samakhya prabhutvam yokka bhaarata raddu vidhanalu vaari aarogya mariyu vidya prayojanaalu, samakhya pannu rakshana mariyu vyavasaya sahayanni tolaginchaayi. idhi vaarini balaheenamaina mariyu asthiramaina sthithilo vadilivesindi. 1980loe punaruddharana chattamtho sayodhyaku modati prayatnam jarigindi, idhi paayuutlanu oka tegagaa gurtinchindi. idhi aidu pradhana samuuhaalanu oke tegagaa ekam chesindi deevadaaru, bharatiya sikharaalu, kanosh, koosharem mariyu sivvitulu. eee billu byaandlanu samakhya sahayam mariyu maddatu vyavasthaku punaruddharinchindi.
samskruti.
butta netha.
payoot tegala mahilalaku unna atyanta mukhyamaina naipunhyaalalo okati vaari butta netha naipunyaalu. vaaru tarachugaa tama buttalanu neyadaaniki erra-kaandam gala villosnu upayogistaaru. eee naipunyaalu vaari jeevitamlooni daadaapu prati amsamlo upayoginchabaddaayi, mariyu eee naipunhyam kaneesam 9,000 samvatsaraalugaa talli nundi kumarteku badilee cheyabadindani nammutaaru. vaaru sekarinchadaaniki mariyu metha kosam vellinappudu vaaru vastuvulanu sekarinchadaaniki tama veepupai pedda sankuvu buttalanu mosukeltaru.
podalu mariyu chetla nundi pandlanu tolaginchadaaniki, winnoying kosam upayoginchevi mariyu baga vaerlu pondadaaniki upayoginchevi vanti nirdishta sadhanalu srushtinchabaddaayi. vaaru eee pedda buttalanu bankamatti mariyu resinto gattiga neyadam dwara vanta kundalu mariyu neeti kappulanu tayaaru chestaaru. tarachugaa, chinna panimutlu migilipotayi, ayithe vanta kundalu vanti pedda utpattulu kutumbaalu tirigetappudu vaaritho paatu vellevi. eee praantam aadhaaramgaa kutumbaalu netaku vividha upayogaalanu nirnayinchaayi. udaaharanaku, chittadi neelala vadda nivasinche vaaru neeti pakshulanu baga vetaadataaniki baatula decoys, valalu mariyu teppalanu srushtinchadam neerchukunnaaru. eee naipunhyaaniki maroka upayogam vaari illanu srushtinchadam. vaaru pillula kaandaalanu gattiga neyadaaniki podavaina sannani gaddini upayogistaaru, alaa cheyadamlo vaaru eee podavaina boardu lanty gaddi vibhaagaalanu srushtinchaaru, avi bhoomilo chikkukunna podavaina villo avayavaala chuttoo erpaatu cheyabadataayi.
saampradaaya aaharam.
dakshina paiyootlaku pradhana aaharam chedhu ruut. vaaru adavi carrett, adavi ullipaayalu mariyu chocherreelapai kooda aadharapaddaru. chokkerrilu okati kante ekkuva vidhaluga upayogapadataayi-vaati kaandam teepi paaneeyam tayaaru cheyadaaniki tayaaru cheyabadataayi, vaati berrylu pindi chesi, taruvaata podupu cheyadaaniki endabettabadataayi. affids vacchi cheraku mokkalanu samuuhamgaa chesinappudu, avi cheraku kommanu puncture chese chota thene chinna chukkalanu vadilivestaayi. idhi telisi dakshinaadi payoot mahilalu cheraku raadlanu teesukoni, chinna endina binduvulu vadulugaa vachhe varaku vaatini kottevaaru. eee binduvulanu appudu karra avasheshaala nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki oka winnoying dishlo visiriveyabadataayi. tarachugaa eee chinna kanaalu prajalaku teepi yokka pradhana aadaayamga undevi. vaaru sekarinche maroe vittanam wada vittanaalu, chinna nalla vittanaalu, ivi bhojanamgaa vaeyabadataayi. taginanta neeti sarafara unna praantamloo nivasinche vaaru puurti gunta neetipaarudalato polaalanu erpaatu chestaaru. mokkajonna, squash mariyu godhumalu atipedda pantalu. purushulu praadhamika vetagallu, vaaru neeti pakshulu, kundellu, pedda gorrelu mariyu itara ksheeradaalanu vaaru daatina praantaalalo vetaadevaaru.
pait viluvidya.
villu.
1872loe smithsonian samstha sekarinchina villu, bahusha mesquite ledhaa parvata mahogani anae gatti chekka kommatho tayaaru cheyabadindi, idhi kona nundi kona varaku 38,5/8 angulaalu untundi. villu cross sectionlo gundramgaa untundi, mariyu theega rendu ply sainyuugaa untundi. dheeniki venukavaipu naramu undhi, mariyu naramu erupu godhuma rangu gerutho tadisiveyabadindi. villu upayogakaramgaa untundi mariyu ippatikee chekkina gurtulanu kaligi undhi, idhi shatru mariyu kathinamaina edaari vaataavaranamloo aacharanaatmaka ayudham nundi aasinchabadutundi.
maroe chaayaachitram paiyut villu mariyu baanam teesaaru.
baanaalu.
1874loe smithsonian samstha paiyut baanaala samitini konugolu chesindi. oka baanaaniki matrame oka binduvu untundi. baanam paine pitch jigurutho jatacheyabadi untundi. point venuka sainyuu chuttalu unnaayi, conny lakshyanni taakinappudu shaft vidipokunda nirodhinchadaaniki avi untaayi. eekalu hock mariyu buzzard.
karvarlu mariyu bokesulu.
1872loe smithsonian samstha oka paiyut baanam teeganu konugolu chesindi. eee teeganu macchala meeda inca mandapati juttutho unna jinka charmamtho tayaaru chestaaru, idhi sheethaakaalamlo jinka champabadindani choopistundi, mariyu villu theega vale rendu ply sainyuutoe kuttabadi untundi. "edaari nivaasa samskruti nundi aasinchinatlugaa, eee dibba saadaa, alankarana lekunda untundi."
pavitra bhoomi sampradaayaalu.
dakshina paiyut prajalu puvaxant tuvip ledhaa power landnu vishwasistaaru. dakshina pites loe aneka mukhyamaina gurtulato, ghnaapakaalu, kathalatho anusandhaaninchedi vaari pavitra bhoomi. udaaharanaku nuvagantu ledhaa emm. tii. nevaadaaloni charleston oka pavitramaina mylurayi, dakshina pait prajalu vaaru srushtinchabadina chotane anie nammutaaru. eee pavitra bhoomulu pratyeka kutumbaalu ledhaa tegalu marpidi, vaanijyam, saanghikeekarana mariyu mataparamaina vedukalanu nirvahinchadaaniki vachhe pradaesaalu. dakshina paiyootlaku saamskrutikamgaa mukhyamaina maroe pedda mylurayi kolarado nadhi mariyu grand vyaan. eee pavitra bhoomula yokka aadhunika praamukhyata emitante, dakshina paiyootlu emi jarugutundo mariyu vaari pavitra bhoomulalo jarige edainaa prajectula prabhavalanu telusukovadaaniki ateendriyamgaa ivvabadina hakkunu pondutaaru.
dakshina paiyut prajala samstha.
aaharaanni sekarinchadamlo oka mukhyamaina amsam saamaajika amsam, tarachugaa kutumbaalu metha mariyu aatala kosam kalisi vacchi, aapai bayaluderi vaari vibhina margallo veltaayi. dakshina paiyootlu girijanamgaa vyavastheekrutam kaaledu. badulugaa samuuhaalu chinna kutumba vibhaagaalato roopondinchabaddaayi, ivi appudappudu itarulatoe kalisi saanghikeekarinchadaaniki vastaayi. prati samuuham 10-50 sambandhita vyaktula gurinchi. eee samuuhaalaku kutumba sambandhaalu chaalaa mukhyamainavi mariyu samuuha kadalikalu mariyu samuuhaala madhya paraspara aadharapadataanni nirnayinchaayi. anduvalla dakshinaadi pites kuu vivahalu chaalaa mukhyamainavi.
samuuham yokka nayakudini adhipati anie pilicheevaaru, mariyu athanu bhoomi gurinchi chaalaa telusukogalige vayassu galavaadu, conny ippatikee girijana karyakalapalalo palgone vayassu galavaadu, mariyu athanu saadhaaranamgaa samuuhamloo aneka vibhina kutumba sambandhaalanu kaligi undevaadu. tellavaarujaamuna melkonadam athani pani, mariyu thana gnaanaanni upayoginchi aaa tega aaa roeju emi cheyaalani athanu bhavinchado nirdishta suuchanalu chestaadu, mariyu athani pariseelanalu telivigaa unnayani prajalu bhaavisthe vaaru atanni anusaristaaru, kakapothe vaaru cheyaru. ayana salahalu vaataavaranam, kaalam mariyu samruddhiga unde aaharam aadhaaramgaa untaayi. kalakramena vaaru athani aalochanalanu anusarinchadam manesi, badulugaa maroka vaipu maarinatlayithe, appudu pradhana nayakudi birudu aaa vyaktiki maarutundi. talettina evaina vivaadaalanu kooda adhipati parishkarinchaalsi untundi. tarachugaa dakshina paiyuts yokka vividha upa-vibhaagaalanu vaaru tine daani aadhaaramgaa eurup nundi vachhe sthiranivaasulu vargeekaristaaru. kabatti meeku wada vittanaalu tinevaaru, trout tinevaaru, catails tinevaaru modalainavi undevi. dakshina paiyut prajalu oka samuuhamgaa vargeekarinchabadinappatiki, mottam lopala upa samuuhaalu undevi, avi sthaanam mariyu mandalikam aadhaaramgaa vaeru cheyabaddaayi.
saampradaaya dakshina paiyut byaandlu.
dakshina paiyut saampradayakamgaa 16 nundi 31 upa samuuhaalu, brundaalu ledhaa tegalanu kaligi undhi, veetilo eee krindivi unnaih

