operation grand slam

operation grandslam anedi 28 december 1962 nundi 15 janavari 1963 varaku aikyaraajyasamiti shanti pariraksaka dalaalu madhya aafrikaalo kango ganatantraaniki vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu chesina vaerpaatuvaada raashtramaina katamgaa rashtra dalaalaku vyatiraekamgaa chepattina daadi. katangis dalaalu nirnayaatmakamgaa oodinchabaddaayi mariyu katamgaa balavantamgaa kangolo tirigi vileenam cheyabadindi.
modata belgian maddatutoe moise shombe aadhvaryamlo swaatantryam prakatinchina katamgaa raashtramtho kango prabhutvaanni punaruddarinchadaaniki aikyaraajyasamiti anekasaarlu prayatninchindi. praarambhamlo daani charyalanu parimitam chesinappatiki, kangolo aikyaraajyasamiti operation katamgaa mariyu shombe vaipu ekkuva asahanam chendindi, paristhitini balavantamgaa parishkarinchadaaniki pranaalikalanu roopondinchindi. shombe thana dalaalanu nirminchukovadam dwara mariyu videshee kirai sainikulanu sangharshanhaloki teesukuraavadam dwara aikyaraajyasamiti mariyu kango prabhutvamtho taanu chesina oppandaalanu nirantaram ullanghinchaadu. 1962 decemberlo katangis gendorms katamgaalo shanti pariraksaka dalaalapai daadi chesinappudu paristhiti vicchinna sthaayiki cherukundi. aikyaraajyasamiti secretory general yuu thant vaerpaatuvaada pratipakshaanni nirmuulinchadaaniki prateekaara daadiki adhikaram icchaaru.
sweeden nundi vimaanaala dwara balopetam cheyabadina aikyaraajyasamiti saantibhadratala dalam modati dasanu puurti chesi, katangis rajadhani elizabeth villenu bhadraparichi, samvatsaram chivari natiki katangis vaimanika dalamlo chaalaa bhaganni naasanam chesindi. janavari praarambhamlo, aikyaraajyasamiti dalaalu dakshina katamgaalo migilina balamaina sthaavaraala vaipu tama drushtini mallinchaayi. bharatiya saantibhadratala dalam vaari aadesaalanu daati, lufira nadini anukunna samayaniki mundhe daatindi, idhi katangis shrenula venuka bhayandolanalanu srushtinchindi mariyu aikyaraajyasamiti naayakatvaanni ibbandikaramgaa chesindi. thana sthaanam aamodayogyam kaadani grahinchina shombe shanti kosam thantnu aasrayinchaadu. 1963 janavari 17naa, athanu longipoye saadhanampai santakam chesi, katangis vibhajana mugisindani prakatinchaadu. kendra prabhutvam katamgaa praantiiya paripalananu daani raajakeeya nirmaanaanni balaheenaparachadaaniki punarvyavastheekarinchindi. shombe modatlo palgonnadu, conny athani arrestuku bhayapadi airopaku paaripoyaadu. 
aneka mandhi katangis gendorms mariyu vaari kirai nayakulu shombe aadesaala meraku, punarvyavastheekarinchadaani angolaalo aasrayam pondaaru. juun shombe tirigi kangoku swaagatam paliki pradhana mantri ayyaru. athanu ventane desamloni thoorpu mariyu madhyalo communistu tirugubaatlanu anachiveyamani thana dalaalaku pilupunicchaadu. dheenini vaaru saadhinchaaru, conny shombe aktobaru thana padavi nundi tolaginchabaddaadu, chivariki conny algerialo khaidu cheyabadina taruvaata vaaritho anni sambandhaalanu kolpoyadu. kotta kendra prabhutvam mariyu gendarmla madhya sambandhaalu debbatinnaayi mariyu tirugubaatu anachiveyabadina taruvaata, vaaru angolaku tirigi vacchaaru. katangis vaerpaatuku sambandhinchina tirugubaatu netikee konasagutondi.
nepathyam.
katamgaa yokka vibhajana.
modata belgium nundi kango ganatantram swaatantryam pondina taruvaata, sainyam tirugubaatu cheyadamtho desham astavyastamgaa maarindi. aaa taruvaata koddikaalaanike dakshina kasai mariyu katamgaa rashtram kango prabhutvam nundi swaatantryam prakatinchaayi. taruvaatidi kango yokka viluvaina khanija vanarulanu kaligi undhi mariyu belgian paalanalo gananeeyamaina maining karyakalapalanu aakarshinchindi. laabhadaayaka parisrama dwara vachhe aadaayaaniki tamaku arhata undani chaalaa mandhi katangiyulu bhaavinchaaru, kotta kendra prabhutva aadhvaryamlo idhi kango yokka paedha provinceulalo pampinhee cheyabadutundani bhayapaddaru. belgian prabhutvam mariyu "union mineere du hout katamgaa" (umk) vanti private prayojanaala maddatutoe nativist rajakeeyaalu phalitamgaa katangis vaerpaatuku daariteesindi.
pradhana mantri patrice lumumba nikshepana-mariyu chivariki hatya-desamlo marinta samasyalanu kaliginchindi, idhi samvatsaram chivari natiki stanlyville pratyarthi prabhutvam prakatinchadaaniki daariteesindi. desamlo kramam puurtigaa koolipokunda nirodhinchadaaniki, aikyaraajyasamiti oka pradhana shanti pariraksaka missionu sthaapinchindi, idhi kangolo aikyaraajyasamiti operation (daani french acronym kinda onuk anie pilustaaru). pedda sankhyalo dalaalatoe paatu (garishta balam 20,000), kango prabhutvaaniki saanketika sahayam andinchadaaniki oka poura mission teesukuvacchaaru. praarambhamlo, onak thana charyalanu kango pourulu mariyu videshee jaateeyula bhadrataku parimitam chesindi mariyu vaerpaatuvaada raashtraalaku vyatiraekamgaa vyavaharinchakundaa undindi, conny un katamgaalo ibbandullo padindi. rashtra nayakudu mariyu sthaanikamgaa sthirapadina "confederation dess associations tribals du katamgaa" (konakat), moise shombe, modata un thana bhuubhaagamlooki pravesinchadaanni nishedhinchaaru, aapai vaari shanti pariraksaka prayatnaalanu chaalaa parimitam chesaaru. videshee kirai sainikulanu bahishkarinchadaaniki saantibhadratala prayatnaalu nundi marinta samasyalu utpannamayyaayi, veerilo chaalaa mandhi katamgaa dwara niyaminchabaddaaru.
aikyaraajyasamiti pratispandana.
1961 fibravari 21naa aikyaraajyasamiti bhadrata mandali poura yuddhanni nivaarinchadaaniki, arrestlu cheyadaaniki, sainika karyakalapalanu nilipiveyadaaniki, kaalpula viramanaku erpaatlu cheyadaaniki mariyu videshee sainika sibbandini bahishkarinchadaaniki sainika saktini upayoginchadaaniki anumatinche teermaanaanni aamodinchindi. eee teermaanam yokka adhikaram krinda, un dalaalu katamgaalo tama sonta sthaanaalanu bhadraparachadam mariyu kirai sainikula unikini tolaginche lakshyamtho operation rumpunch mariyu operation morthore (konnisaarlu ann-katangis sangharshana yokka "round vann" gaa suuchistaaru) nuu praarambhinchaayi. modatidi, parimita paridhi unnappatikee, chaalaa varaku vijayavantamaindi, conny rendodi daani lakshyalanu saadhinchadamlo viphalamaindi. morthore jarugutunnanduna, pratyeka pratinidhi connor cruiz oo 'brian prakatinchaaru, "katamgaa yokka vibhajana mugisindi."eee prakatana akaalamani twaragaa grahinchabadindi; katamgaa muttadi varaku poraataanni nirvahinchaadu.
aikyaraajyasamiti secretory general dogg hummerscold uttara rodeshiyaalo charchalu jarapadaniki shombenu kalavadaniki prayatninchaadu, conny september 17 raatri athani vimanam koolipoyi, andulo unna vaarandaruu maraninchaaru. hummerscold akaala maranam, mottam meeda udriktatala perugudalato kalipi, marinta balamaina shanti pariraksaka vidhaanaaniki antarjaateeya maddatunu sameekarinchadaaniki sahaayapadindi. athani sthaanamlo, yuu thunt, kangolo sainika saktini upayoginchadaaniki takkuva vyatiraekata kaligi unnadu mariyu un antargata kango vyavaharalalo jokyam chesukovalani nammadu. bhadrata mandali balamaina aadesaanni manjuru cheyaalani thunt ventane abhyardhinchaaru. idhi november 24naa oka teermaanam roopamlo vachindi, idhi munupati onyook teermaanaala lakshyalanu konasaaginchindi mariyu un jokyam yokka paatra mariyu swabhaavam chuttoo unna migilina aspashtatalanu tolaginchindi. videshee sainika sibbandini, kirai sainikulanu balavantamgaa nirbandhinchi, bahishkarinche saamarthyam undani punarudghaatinchindi, katamgaa yokka vaerpaatuvaada karyakalapalanu chattaviruddhamani abhivarninchindi, mariyu "saantibhadratalanu, jaateeya samagratanu kaapaadataaniki" daani prayatnaalalo kango yokka kendra prabhutvaaniki un maddatu istundani prakatinchindi.
shombe ventane onukku vyatiraekamgaa rechagotte prasamgaanni prasaram cheyadam dwara teermaanaaniki pratispandinchaadu. dheeni taruvaata iddaru un adhikaarula daadi mariyu katangis gendermery chetilo iddaru bharatiya sainikula hatya jarigindi. kotta aadesaanni drushtilo unchukuni, kotta aadesaanni drushtilo unchukuni, kaatamgaalo aann command nirmaanam, gendermery mariyu itara vyatiraeka vyatiraeka pratighatananu naasanam cheyadam dwara un vidhaanaaniki katangis pratighatananu antam cheyaalani un dalaalaku suuchanalu jaarii chesindi."
perugudala.
1961 decemberulo, un sibbandi kadalika swechhanu nirdhaarinchadaaniki mariyu katamgaalo vaari adhikaranni punarudghaatinchadaaniki operation unicut ("round too" anie piluvabade) nuu praarambhinchindi. sainika ottidilo, shombe kango pradhana mantri sirille adoulaatho teevramaina charchalaku digavalasi vachindi. 1961 december 21naa shombe kitona declarationpy santakam chesaaru, idhi kendra prabhutva adhikaranni gurtinche oppandam mariyu katamgaanu republicklo tirigi vileenam cheyadaaniki krushi chestundi. ayithe, shombe taruvaata katangis paarlamentuku vaida vaesaadu mariyu sayodhya charyanu nilipivesaadu. janavari janavari stanliville prabhutvam chivaraku longipoyindi mariyu un katangis vibajananu antam cheyadaaniki thana prayatnaalanu tirigi kendrikarinchagaligindi. appatiki, kendra prabhutvam mariyu katanga madhya sambandhaalu tegipoyayi mariyu onyusi nigha nivedikalu taruvaati daani dalaalanu punarnirmistunnatlu suuchimchaayi.
1962 augustulo thant "jaateeya sayodhya kosam pranaalika" nuu pratipaadinchaaru, dheeni dwara katamgaa samaakhyeekruta kangolo tirigi cherutundi. adaula mariyu shombe iddaroo eee pratipaadananu angeekarinchaaru. shombe yokka alasyam vyuuhaala gurinchi thant jagrattagaa unnadu mariyu pranaalika yokka kaalapattikaku kattubadi undataaniki katangis prabhutvampai perugutunna raajakeeya ottidini vartimpajesaadu. vaerpaatunu lagadam mariyu sangharshana yokka avakaasam peragadam valla kaatamgaaku belgian maddatu ksheeninchindi, idhi pettubadidaarula maining prayojanaalanu pramaadamloo padesindi.
octoberulo sino-indian yuddham prarambhamavadam valla bhaarata dalaalannii onook nundi upasamharinchukune avakaasam erpadindi, vaerpaatunu twaragaa parishkarinchamani un adhikaarulapai ottidi tecchindi. chaalaa varaku onuk kharchulanu hamiga vraasina united states prabhutvam kooda, operation aardhikamgaa nilakadalenidani nirnayinchi, oka nirdhaaranaku ravadam praarambhinchindi. saantiyuta teermaanam yokka sambhaavyatanu ippatikee anumaanistuu, thant pratyeka pratinidhi ralf banchnu kango rajadhani leopoldvilleku pampaadu. akkada, banche onuk robbert keey yokka adhikari-inn-chaarj thoo panicheesaaru. eah. onak sibbandiki kadalika swechhanu saadhinchadaaniki mariyu videshee kirai sainikulanu tolaginchadaaniki oka pranaalikanu roopondinchadaaniki guardiner mariyu un fores commander seen maseon.
appatiki shombe tirigi kangolo cheraalani anukoledani, katamgaalo 300 nundi 500 mandhi kirai sainikulu unnaarani (munupati un operationlaku mundu unnanta mandhi) mariyu kotta vaimanika sthaavaraalu mariyu rakshana sthaanaalu nirminchabadutunnaayani onakku spashtamgaa telisindi. onook sibbandi mariyu dautya sibbandi kooda katangis gendorms nundi perugutunna vaedhimpulanu edurkonnaru. katangis jetlu kooda kendra prabhutva dalaalapai daadi chestu, antaryuddham praarambhinchaayi. shombeku sainika aakasmika operation gurinchi puurtigaa telusu mariyu katamgaaku vyatiraekamgaa balaganni upayoginchadaaniki oka saaku kosam vetukutunnaarani aaropinchaadu.
november 27naa united states mariyu belgium samyukta prakatana vidudala chesaayi, thant pranaalika viphalamaindani prakatinchaayi mariyu katamgaapai aardhika ottidi penchaalani pilupunichaayi. december 10naa thotapanivaadu katamgaaku vyatiraekamgaa aardhika charyalu teesukuntamani prakatinchaaru. jaateeya sayodhya nibandhanala kosam pranaalikanu roopondinchadamlo ledhaa daani vibajananu antam cheyadamlo katamgaa viphalamayyaarani aaropistuu ayana shombeku oka lekha raasaaru. uttara katamgaalo kaatamgii dalaalu sainika charyanu nilipiveyaalani, sakania vadda un dalaalaku vyatiraekamgaa vaari sarafara digbandhanaanni muginchaalani, nirbandhamlo unna tunion saantibhadratalanu vidudala cheyaalani kooda ayana demand chesaaru. un "etuvanti sainika charya teesukodu", conny daadiki baga spandistundani mariyu tadupari daadulanu nivaarinchadaaniki avasaramaina charyalu teesukuntundani lekha perkondi. marusati roeju belgian videsanga mantri paal-henry spock belgian prabhutvam unku maddatu istundani ledhaa kango prabhutvam balavantamgaa katangis vaerpaatunu antam cheyaalani prakatinchaaru. appudu athanu shombenu "tirugubaatudaarudu" gaa khandinchaadu. aaa taruvaata koddikaalaanike united states department off defence oka daadi cheyadaaniki un yokka bhouthika avasaralanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki oka brundaanni kangoku pampindi mariyu onak kuu sainika nigha sahayanni andinchindi. katangis vaaru elizabeth villelo american vyatiraeka pradarsanalanu nirvahinchadam dwara pratispandinchaaru.
mundumaata.
december 24,1962naa, elijabetvilleloni katangis dalaalu mariyu avenue tambure venta chinna aayudhaalatho ethiopian saantibhadratalapai daadi chesi, okarini gaayaparichaaru. shooting aidu gantala paatu konasaagindi. ethiopians tama kaalpulanu pattukunnarani un perkondi, conny oka anubandha patrika vilekhari vaaru tirigi laeni raifiltho pratispandinchaarani nivedinchaaru. 11:00 vadda gendorms niraayudhamaina onyook helicopternu kalchivesindi. sibbandilo oka bharatiya sabhyudu pranantakamga gayapaddadu, migilina vaarini bandhinchi kottaru. onuk adhikaarula brundam taruvaata etuvanti sanghatana lekunda khaideelanu tirigi pondagaligindi. marusati roeju appudappudu kaalpulu konasagayi, mariyu katangis videsanga mantri everiste kimba adhi aagipotundani vaagdaanam chesaaru. december 26naa elijabetvillelo paristhiti prasaantamgaa undhi, conny december 27naa gendorms un sthaanaalaku vyatiraekamgaa tama chedurumaduru kaalpulanu tirigi praarambhinchaayi mariyu saayantram natiki saantibhadratalapai golph course chuttoo mariyu jadotville rahadari venta roadblockla nundi daadi jarigindi. perugutunna katangis satrutvaaniki pratispandanagaa, onak air division faitar operations arder 16nuu jaarii chesindi, yea daadini (ann-naan lakshyaalato sahaa) chestunna katangis vimaanaalaku vyatiraekamgaa prateekaaram teerchukoovaalani mariyu "bambulu ledhaa raaketlu vanti kanipinche pramaadakara aayudhalanu" mostunnatlu bhaavinche itara vimanalanu kaalchiveyaalani un aircraftnu aadesinchindi. december 24naa katangis prabhutva mantrula prayaanaaniki saantibhadratala dalam aatamkam kaliginchindani, sainika karyakalapala "saadhaarana pranaalika" loe nimagnamai unnaarani aaropistuu shombe un pratinidhi eliyud maathuku oka lekhanu pampaadu. dheeniki maathu pratispandistuu, mantrula kadalikalu vaari unikini nirdhaarinchadaaniki matrame parimitam cheyabaddaayi, tadwara vaaru gendarmlanu venakki tagginchi, helicopter sibbandini vidudala cheyadaaniki madhyavartitvam cheyagalarani chepparu.
maathu shombenu thana intiki aahvaaninchadaaniki munduku sagadu, tadwara atanni sangharshana sannivesaaniki teesukuvacchi, emi jarugutundo chudavachu. shombe angeekarinchaadu, saantibhadratala dalam atanni mundu varusaku teesukuvellindi, akkada athanu thana sonta dalaalu recchagottakunda un sthaanaalapai daadi chestunnayani angeekarinchaadu. paryatana taruvaata, shombe thana nivaasaaniki tirigi vacchaadu. athanu modata poraataanni muginchaalane thana uddesaanni prakatinchinappatikii, athanu prakkane unna gadiloki velli kolvejeeloni katangis dalaalaku telephone chesaadu. kiswahililo matladutu, athanu katangis vaimanika dalaanni un sthaanaalapai daadi cheyamani aadesinchaadu. katangis gendermery commander general norbert muke december 29 raatri elizabeth ville vimaanaasrayampai bambu daadi cheyaalani vaimanika dalaanni aadesinchinatlu kooda radeo antaraayaalu unku velladinchaayi. kaalpula viramananu amalu cheyadamlo viphalamaina bharatadesaniki chendina majer general diwan prame chandh, katangis dalaalanu mundastugaa nirmuulinchadaaniki balamaina, nirnayaatmaka daadiki adhikaram ivvamani thantnu oppinchaadu. idhi kontamandi saantibhadratalaku upasamanam kaliginchindi, katamgaaku vyatiraekamgaa balavantamgaa vyavaharinchadaaniki vaariki ippudu samarthana undani gurthunchukondi. poura praananashtam mariyu vistrutamaina vidhvamsam nivaarinchadaaniki nischayinchukunna secretory general, poraatamlo naapalmnu upayoginchakundaa nishedhinchaalani vivarinchadaaniki kangoloni un fores kamaandarku oka teeganu pampaadu. marinta sangharshananu nivaarinche tudi prayatnamlo, maathu thana santakam kosam december 28naa 11:30 vadda shombeku oka patraanni samarpinchaadu. idhi katangis roadblacklanu tolaginchadam mariyu daadula viramananu nirdesinchindi. thana mantrula sammati lekunda santakam cheyalenani shombe cheppi samavesanni vidichipettaru. aaa taruvaata un, roadblacklanu tolaginchadaaniki charyalu teesukuntamani prakatinchindi. teliyani kaaranaala valla, shombe nissabdamgaa elizabeth villenu vidichipettadu.
vyatiraeka saktulu.
kaatamga.
300 nundi 500 mandhi kirai sainikulatoe paatu, katamgaalo sumaru 14,000 nundi 17,000 mandhi sainikulu unnaaru, veerilo 7,000 mandhi sainika sikshana pondaledu. nigha dwara, eee dalaalu provins yokka dakshina shrenini rakshinchadampai kendrikrutamai unnayani (uttaraana chaalaa bhaagam ippatike kendra prabhutva niyantranalo undhi), jadotville, colvegy mariyu bankia pattanaalalo mariyu chuttupakkala 5,150 mandhi dalaalatoe aikyaraajyasamiti telusukundi. maroe 2,000 mandhi elizabeth villeku rakshana kalpinchaaru. katangis vaimanika dalam aneka pantalanu, magisterlanu mariyu dii havilland rakta pisaachulanu kaligi undani, dozenu yuddha vimaanaalato paatu konni itara ravana vimanalu mariyu chinna vimanalanu kaligi undani kooda un anchanaa vesindi. ayithe, aneka katangis vimanalu upayoginchalenivi anie vaaru vishwasinchaaru. konni vaimanika sthaavaraalalo mandugundu samagri, petrolium, chamuru mariyu kandenala parimita nilvalanu onyook intelligence gamaninchindi.
onook.
katamgaalo onuk dalaalu majer general chaand mariyu athani operational deputy, brigadier reginald noronha aadhvaryamlo undevi. onook balagalanu 18,200 kuu penchaaru, veerilo 70 saatam mandhi katamgaa mariyu chuttupakkala moharinchabaddaaru. operation grandslamnu nirvahinchadaaniki ethiopia, ghaana, india, ireland, sweeden mariyu tunisia nundi shanti pariraksaka dalaalanu un ketaayinchindi. operation kosam eee dalaalanu ekakaalamlo moharinchadaaniki, pedda airlift samardhyam avasaram. onuk 65 vimaanaala vaayu ravana samudaayaanni sekarinchindi, veetilo atipeddadi douglus disi-4 luu, conny operation grandslamku idhi inca saripoledu. thant yokka sainika atashe, indar jith rikhi, united states department off defence nundi sahayam abhyardhinchaaru. aneka rojula taruvaata, united states thana vaimanika dalaanni ravana sahayanni andinchadaaniki kattubadi undhi. navambarulo united states adhyakshudu zaan eff. gaali nundi adhika saktini pradarsinchadaaniki" american faitar jetlanu sarafara cheyadaaniki kennedy munduku vachindi. thunt, balavantamgaa bhoomi mariyu vaayu charyanu korukunnappatiki, nishpakshapaatamgaa undataaniki aasaktigaa unnadu mariyu yea pradhana prapancha saktula nundi ekkuva maddatunu korakunda undalanukunnadu. 1963 vasantakaalam natiki paristhiti pratishtambhanagaa unte american pratipaadananu pariseelistaanani december 16naa ayana prakatinchaaru.
katangis vaimanika dalaanni naasanam cheyagala oke oka daadini nirvahinchadaaniki taginanta vaayu balam sekarinchabade varaku operation prarambhanni alasyam chestunna onook kosam yuddha vimaanaala avasaram chaalaa kaalamgaa oka samasyaga undhi. oka parimita daadi anni katangis vimanalanu tolaginchadamlo viphalamai, vaari swantha dalaalanu sannaga vistaristundani bhayapadindi, tadwara katamgaa thana vaimanika dalaalanu daachina vaimanika sthaavaraala madhya chedaragottadaaniki mariyu kamina vaimanika sthaavarampai prateekaara daadulanu praarambhinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. chainaku vyatiraekamgaa rakshanagaa bharatadesam octoberulo thana conbera bomberlanu upasamharinchukundi, mariyu oka pramaadamloo okati kolpoyina taruvaata ethiopia thana sabbers dalaanni tirigi pampindi. ayithe, kotta air nigha radar parikaraalanu camina mariyu elizabeth villelo moharinchaaru. navambarulo sweeden nundi rendu saab 29 tunnan (zhe 29) nigha-vaividhya jetlanu pampinhee cheyadam dwara onuke air division balapadindi, idhi fores yokka nigha saamardhyaalanu baga penchindi. dheeni taruvaata koddikaalaanike aneka swedish zhe 29 yuddha vimanalu mariyu norway nundi 380-balamaina vimaana vidhvamsaka vibhagam vachayi. mottamgaa, un operationlo 10 poraata zhe 29 lanu feeled chestundi.
operation.
pranaalika.
operation grandslam moodu dasalanu chaerchaalani pranaalika cheyabadindi, conny rendu dasallo vijayavantamgaa puurtayimdi. modati dasha "elizabetville praantamloo onook dalaala bhadratanu punaruddharinchadaaniki mariyu aikyaraajyasamiti dalaalapai kaalpulu jaripina gendermery rahadari-addamkulanu tolaginchadam dwara vaari kadalika swechhanu punaruddharinchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi."rendava dasalo videshee kirai sainikulanu arrestu cheyadaaniki jadotville mariyu kolvejeeloki pravesinchadam jarugutundi. moodava dasha caminalo kirai sainikulatoe vyavaharinchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi.
modati dasha.
operation grandslam 28 december 1962naa madhyahnam madhyalo praarambhamaindi, 15:00 dwara gendermery tirigi padipoyindani thant yokka ultimatum taruvaata, katamgaalo poraatamlo "round moodu" nii praarambhinchindi. prarambha daadulu 50,000 mandhi saranaarthula vimananni prerepinchaayi, chaalaa mandhi rhodesian sarihaddu vaipu, ayithe chaalaa mandhi twaragaa tirigi vastaaru. modati rojuna, un dalaalu 50 mandhi katangis gendarmlanu champesi, down town elizabetville, sthaanika gendermery pradhana karyalayam, radeo station mariyu shombe adhyaksha bhavananni bhadraparichaayi.
december 29 praarambhamlo, onuk air division colvegy airfieldpy aascharyakaramaina daadini praarambhinchindi. zhe 29 yuddha vimanalu tama tama phirangulatho nindi unnaayi, endukante vaati 13.5mm raaketlu meghavruta aakaasamlo panicheyalekapoyayi. aidu indhana kuppalu mariyu sthaanika paripalana bhavanam dhvamsamayyaayi. pourula praananashtam jaragakunda undataaniki, onuk colvegy poura vimaanaasrayaanni lakshyamgaa chesukoledu. ayithe, daadi jaragadaniki mundhe katangis vaimanika dhala commander geremia puern aruguru haarvard sikshakulanu khaalii cheyagaligadu. portugees angolaalo kirai sainikudu zaan zumbach vaimanika dalamlooni itara bhaagamtho undipoyaadu mariyu jokyam chesukoledu, puern kopamgaa unnadu, general muke tirigi jadotvilleku padipovalani aadesinchaadu. migilina poraatamlo katangis vaimanika dalam chaalaa varaku neelamattam cheyabadindi, endukante thana pantala sekarana un yokka vegavantamaina zhe 29 jetlaku vyatiraekamgaa paelavamgaa panichestundani puren bhayapaddadu. vimaana vidhvamsaka kaalpulu colvegy vadda moodu un vimanalanu debbateesaayi, ayithe vaari daadulu rojanta konasagayi mariyu kamatanda mariyu ngule vanti itara katangis vaimanika sthaavaraalaku vistarinchabaddaayi. maroe moodu nigha karyakalapala phalitamgaa aaru katangis vimanalu neelapai dhvamsamayyaayi mariyu okati gaalilo chanipoyi undavacchu. un prakaram, contangies vaimanika dalaaniki vyatiraekamgaa vaimanika daadulu iruvaipula "praananashtam lekunda" puurtayyaayi. operation praarambhamlo katangis vaimanika dalaanni chaalaa varaku naasanam cheyadam un vijayavantam kaavadaaniki keelakam; katamgaa sarafara kaani airliftlaku vyatiraekamgaa samanvayamtho kuudina vaimanika daadulanu praarambhinchagaligithe, grandslam viphalamayye avakaasam undhi.
madhyahna samayamlo ethiopian unitlu katangis linelanu rhodesiaku vaeru cheyadaaniki kipushi rahadaarilo munduku sagai. gendorms maargaaniki edurugaa unna adavula ettulalo baga unchabaddaayi, conny bhaarii mortar bambu daadi taruvaata vaaru takkuva vyatiraekatatoe longipoyaru. airish dalaalu, vaaru aanglamlo matladagaligevaru mariyu rhodesian sarihaddu gaardulatoe communicate cheyagaligevaaru kabatti, raatri samayamlo daati, etuvanti pratighatananu edurkokunda kipushi pattanaanni swaadheenam chesukunnaru. eee amsampai leopoldville vilekarula samavesam nirvahinchina guardiner, santoshamgaa ilaa prakatinchaadu, "[va] eee saari takkuva samayamlo aagipoye porapaatu cheyabovadam ledhu. idhi manam cheyagaliginanta nirnayaatmakamainadigaa undabotondi."shombe thana dalaalanu onukku drudamaina pratighatananu andinchaalani aadesinchaadu mariyu 24 gantallo operation nilipiveyakapothe vantenalu mariyu anakattalanu pelchivestaanani bedirinchaadu. december 30 natiki, operation grandslam modati dasaku sambandhinchina anni lakshyalu saadhinchabaddaayi. majer general chandh un dalaala purogatiki thant nundi abhinandana telegram andukunnaru. taruvaati roeju onuk jett straffing mariyu rockett daadulu mugisai, katangis vaimanika dalamlo chaalaa varaku vijayavantamgaa tolaginchabaddaayi.
rendava dasha.
elizabeth villelo karyakalapala vijayamtho santoshinchina chandh, un pranaalikalanu ventane munduku teesukellaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. december 30 madhyahnam camina vaimanika sthaavaram vadda swedish betalian commander, "overstelogetnant" beng fredman, marusati roeju tellavaarujaamuna kaaminaaloni gendermery sibiraalapai munduku sagalani aadesaalu andukunnaru. december 30naa daadi jarugutundani gendorms oohinchaaru, conny okati jaragakapoyinappudu vaaru yaadrucchikamgaa biir mariyu agni jwaalalu taagadam praarambhinchaaru, bahusha manosthairyaanni penchadaaniki. aaa taruvaata dushta dalaala brundaalu nagaram chuttoo yaadruchchika daadulu nirvahinchi sthaanika byaankunu dochukunnayi.
swedish mariyu ghanian dalaalanu marusati roeju udayam kamina vaimanika sthaavaram nundi 05:20 vadda aadesinchaaru. <ID2 dwara vaaru pradhana rahadaaripai kamina pattanam (camina-ville anie piluvabade) vaipu munduku saagutundagaa, oka verucheyabadina swedish company kiavi dwara nagaraniki tirigi rahadaarulanu teesukuvellindi. 06:20 vadda mundadugu vestunna company kaminaku eesaanyamgaa rendu ledhaa moodu kilometres dhooramlo unna katangis nundi bhaarii meshin gunn mariyu mortar kaalpula kindaku vachindi mariyu 600 meterla tirogamananiki pradhana stoor fegerstrome aadesinchindi. sweedanlu cover teesukoni tirigi samuuham ayyaru, fredman oka saayudha kaaru unitnu erpaatu chesaaru. athanu 07:05 vadda mundu varusaku cherukunnadu mariyu saantibhadratala dalam vaari daadini praarambhinchindi. mortarlatho maddatu icchina, oka poraata gastee rahadaaripai munduku saagindi mariyu 07:55 dwara idhi gendermery yokka rakshananu vichchinnam chesindi. migilina dalaalu nagaramloki pravesinchadam praarambhinchagaa, migilipoyina gayapadina kataangeelaku swedish vaidyulu hajarayyaru.
katangis gendameri kaminaku aagneyamgaa unna rendu shibiraalaku avyavastheekruta upasamharananu nirvahinchindi. 09:00 taruvaata koddikaalaanike swedish betalian nagara kendraaniki cherukundi. gastee nemmadigaa pratighatananu penchi, aneka mandhi khaideelanu teesukundi. zhe 29 jetlu migilina gendarmlanu bhayapettadaaniki neelapaiki digaayi mariyu badulugaa chinna aayudhaala kaalpulatoe debbatinnaayi. 09:55 vadda swedish dalaalu sameepa gendermery shibirampai daadi chesaayi, chedurumaduru pratighatananu matrame edurkonnaayi. 13:00 vadda vaaru rendava sibiraanni ekagreevamgaa surakshitam chesaaru, endukante migilina katangis paaripoyaaru. sweedanlu dheeniki aadesinchi, sthaanika paristhitini sthireekarinchadaaniki munisipal adhikaarulatho kalisi panicheyadam praarambhinchaaru. etuvanti praananashtam jaragakunda, swedish betalian sumaru 40 vahanalu, rendu saayudha kaarlu, oka bofforce 40 mm gunn, oka rickless raifil, aneka bhaarii meshin ganlu, tannula mandugundu samagri mariyu pedda mottamlo saamaagrini swaadheenam chesukundi.
adhe roeju 4va betalian, madrasu regiment mariyu rajputana raifils sabhyulu (iddaroo 99va bharatiya padaatidala brigadelo bhaagam) lufira nadhi kosam elizabetville nundi bayataku vellaaru. aaa raatri aalasyamgaa rajputana raifils yokka oka samstha jadotville rahadari venta nilabadi unna gendorms mariyu kirai sainikulanu edurkondi mariyu tupaki poraatam jarigindi. 1963 janavari 1naa 03:00 vadda kaalpulu aagipoye samayaniki, naluguru saantibhadratala sainikulu maraninchaaru mariyu 19 mandhi gayapaddaru. pattubadina iddaru kirai sainikulu katangis dalaala madhya gandaragolam mariyu parityaagam sambhavistunnatlu velladinchaaru. mottam meeda bharatiya dalaalu oohinchani vidhamgaa telikapati pratighatananu edurkoni janavari 3naa lufira thoorpu odduku cherukunnayi.
sthaanika kirai commander daani meedugaa park chesina truckunu pelchivesina taruvaata lufira nundi jadotville varaku unna pradhana vantena dhvamsamaindi. oka dalaalu nadhi yokka suduura bhaagamlo chedurumaduru mortar kaalpulatoe bambu daadi chesaayi. shelf daadi ekkuvagaa prabhaavavantamgaa laenappatikee, kirai sainikulu takkuva-egurutunna jetlatho bhayabhraantulaku gurai, kaneesa pratighatananu pradarsinchina taruvaata jadotvilleku tirigi vellaaru. intalo, un dalaalu american bridging parikaraala raaka kosam vechi undataaniki nadhi odduna aagayi, vaaru vidhvamsaka railu vantenanu kanugone varaku, adhi ippatikee kaalinadakana vellagaligedi. brigadier noronha, sthaanika commanderga vyavaharistuu, vantenanu bhadraparachaalani aadesinchaadu. rajputana padaatidalam vantenanu daati, nadiki suduuraana unna katangis vyatiraekatanu vaegamgaa tatastheekarinchindi. intalo, madrasu betalian oka teppanu erpaatu chesi, sikorsky helicopter sahayamtho, vaari vahanalu mariyu bhaarii parikaraalanu chaalaa varaku teesukuvacchindi. bahiranga vantena vadda undataaniki ishtapadani noronha thana dalaalanu jaadotvillenu aakraminchaadu. general muke pattana rakshananu nirvahinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu, conny katangis dalaalu gandaragolamlo unnaayi, un dalaala purogati dwara puurtigaa rakshinchabaddaayi. bharatiya sainikulu etuvanti pratighatananu edurkoledu mariyu sthaanika nivaasulu mariyu umk maining sibbandi vaarini hrudayapuurvakamgaa swaagatinchaaru. noronha pattanamlo unnappudu matrame athanu leopoldvilleloni un pradhana karyalayanni sampradinchaadu. un dalaalu colvegy, sakania mariyu dailolo meeda munduku saagadaaniki mundu tirigi samuuham cheyadaaniki kontakaalam jadotvillelo undipoyaayi.
31 december 1962 mariyu 4 janavari 1963 madhya, un jetlanu nigha kosam mariyu bhuu dalaalaku rakshana kalpinchadaaniki matrame upayoginchaaru. janavari 4 natiki, onuke air division 76 vaimanika daadulanu nirvahinchagaa, zhe 29 jetla dwara petrolling angola mariyu dakshina aafrikaalo maddatu nundi katamgaanu nilipivesindi. intalo, antarjaateeya abhiprayam onak kuu anukuulamgaa ryali chesindi. jaateeya sayodhya kosam thant pranaalikanu angeekarinchi, sangharshananu parishkarinchaalani belgium mariyu france shombenu gattiga koraru. rendu rojula taruvaata united states vaimanika dalam ubhayachara dhala vahakalu mariyu saayudha vahanalanu elizabeth villeloki eguravesindi. jadotville mariyu colvegy madhya dozenu nadulu mariyu pravahalanu daatadaaniki parikaraalu avasaramainanduna 99va bharatiya brigade vaari raaka kosam vechi undhi. dalaalu moodu rojula taruvaata tama purogatini praarambhinchaayi, conny saayudha vyatiraekatanu edurkonnaayi mariyu balamaina pravaahaala dwara dhala vahakalu navigate cheyadaaniki kashtapaddayi.
janavari 8naa, shombe mallee elizabeth villelo kanipinchaadu. adhe roeju pradhana mantri adoulaaku atyanta pramukha contangies tegala adhipatula nundi kango prabhutvaaniki vidheyata chuuputuu, shombenu arrestu cheyaalani pilupunistuu oka lekha vachindi. thant, united states yokka korika meraku, charchalu jarapadaniki shombeto sampradimpulu jarapalani bhaavinchaaru. dheeniki vyatiraekamgaa bunche salaha istuu, secretory generaltho matladutu, "[shombe] kontha gurtimpu pondadaaniki saadhyamaina prati vidhamgaa yuktigaa vyavaharistunnaaru. anni taruvaata, athani sthaanam kevalam praantiiya adhyakshudidi, ippudu, modatisaarigaa, athanu parimaanaaniki tagginchabaddaadu. atanni akkade unchaali."aaa taruvaata koddikaalaanike ayana thana abhiprayanni spashtam chestu," "yukti mariyu berasaaraalaku ika chotu ledani, berasaaraalaku evaruu laerani memu [shombe] oppinchagaligithe, athanu longipotadu mariyu gendermery kuppakuulipoetumdi"."
marusati roeju shombenu un sainikulu kontakaalam nirbandhinchaaru, conny athanu thana antargata mantri, godefroid munongo mariyu mokambolo thana itara cabinet adhikaarulanu kalusukovadaniki vidudala cheyabaddaadu. maargam venta shombe thana maddatudaarulanu un dalaalanu pratighatinchamani korarani, conny, sambandham lekunda, mokambo mariyu bakania tvaralo aakraminchabaddaayani aaropinchabadindi. kendra prabhutvamtho charchalu jarapadaniki thana sumukhatanu vyaktam chesina ayana, kolvejeepai edainaa purogati unte adhi kaalipoyina bhoomi vidhananni amalu cheyagaladani heccharinchaaru. muppuku anugunamgaa, dell commune mariyu lii marinel aanakattalu koolchivetaku siddhamgaa unnaayi. janavari 10naa, un dalaalu oka vidichipettabadina gendermery sthaavaraanni swaadheenam chesukuni shinkolobvenu bhadraparichaayi. shombe rhodesian vaimanika dhala vimaanamlo uttara rhodesiaku paaripoyaadu. adaula mariyu aneka onook adhikarulu atanni desham nundi dhooramgaa unchaalani nischayinchukunnaaru, conny athanu katangis niyantranalo unna ekaika mukhyamaina pradaesamaina kolvejini cherukogaligadu. nagaram velupala aneka mandhi french kirai sainikulu un dalaalatoe kotlatalu jaruputundagaa, oka gastee vahanam anukokunda vaari jeepnu oka guntaloki nettindi. sameepamloni bharatiya gurkhalu vaarini swedish saantibhadratalagaa bhaavinchi, vaari vahananni tirigi pondadamlo sahayapaddaru. appudu kirai sainikulalo okaru frenchlo matladi, bhaaratheeyulu tama porapatunu grahinchaaru. kaalpulu jarigaayi, dheenilo pattukokunda undataaniki niraasa chendina kirai sainikulalo okaru tappa andaruu tappinchukunnaaru. janavari 12naa fredman betalian kabundjeeloni rendu gendermery betalianlanu aascharyaparichindi. sweedanlu tama aayudhalanu swaadheenam chesukuni, tama poura jeevanopaadhiki tirigi raavaalani aadesinchaaru.
intalo, colvegy praantamlooni kirai sainikulu kaalipoyina bhoomi vidhanam gurinchi shombe bedirimpulanu teevramgaa pariganinchaaru mariyu sameepamloni anni vantenalapai, najilo anakatta (idhi katamgaa yokka vidyuttunu chaalaa varaku andinchindi) mariyu umk maining soukaryaalapai paeludu padaarthaalanu nataru. janavari 12naa shombe vachinappudu, kendra prabhutvamtho pannu oppandam kudurchukunnatlu, vaerpaatuku tama maddatunu upasamharinchukuntunnaarani umk adhikarulu aayanaku teliyajesaaru. kirai sainikulu mosam chesi, prateekaaramgaa tama soukaryaalanu naasanam chestaarani bhayapadi, aaa vaartalanu vyaapti cheyavaddani vaaru atanni koraru. colviseelo jarigina tudi samavesamlo paristhiti bhayamkaramgaa undani grahinchina kalnal baab denard, paaripoye mundu, kirai sainikulu raajakeeya prakatana cheyadaaniki njilo aanakattanu naasanam cheyaalani suuchimchaaru. umk niraakaristaadani telisi, atuvanti charya "neerapuuritamgaa baadhyataaraahityam" anie shombe ataniki cheppadu."company pratinidhulu brigadier general noronhanu kalusukuni un dalaalu anushangika nashtam kaliginchakundaa kolvejeeloki pravesinchadaaniki uttama marganni charchinchaaru. general muke nagaram yokka tudi rakshananu siddham cheyadaaniki thana aadhvaryamlo 140 mandhi kirai sainikulanu mariyu 2,000 mandhi sainikulanu vyavastheekarinchadaaniki viphala prayatnam chesaadu. balagaala takkuva manosthairyam mariyu kramasikshana lekapovadam valla athani prayatnaalu, saranaarthula pravaham valla marinta debbatinnaayi. dalam loe kramasikshana marinta balaheenapadindi; okasari, iddaru kirai sainikulu puern jeepnu dongilinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru. shombe boudownville yokka katangis dalamnu muttadi chese un mariyu "armi national congolyse" (ensi) dalaalaku longipovalani aadesinchaadu. badulugaa, vaaru mariyu janabhalo chaalaa mandhi nagaranni vidichipettaru, ayithe kongolo sameepamlo unna koddimandi gendorms nigerian mariyu malaysian sainikulaku tama aayudhalanu icchaaru. janavari 14naa, bhaarata dalaalu kolvejeeloki chivari chekkuchedarani vantenanu kanugonnayi. sainikulu mariyu kirai sainikulatoe kontha poraatam taruvaata vaaru daanini bhadraparichi, tadupari bodhana kosam vechi undataaniki nagara shivaarlalo aagaru.
janavari 15naa, shombe thantku oka adhikaarika sandesaanni pampaadu, "katamgaa yokka vibhajana mugisindani ventane prapanchaaniki teliyajeyadaaniki neenu siddhamgaa unnaanu."munongo colvegy nundi paaripoyi, kopamgaa athanu rhodesia nundi dandayaatranu konasaagistaanani prakatinchaadu, ayinappatikee athanu tvaralo tirigi vacchaadu. pradhaanamantri adaula tanaku mariyu thana prabhutvaaniki kshamabhiksha manjuru chesthe punarekeekarana kosam thant pratipaadana amalunu paryaveekshinchadaaniki elizabeth villeku tirigi raavadaaniki shombe pratipaadinchaadu. oka vilekarula samavesamlo, adaula shombe pratipaadananu angeekarinchi, katangis gendermerylo migili unnavi ancylo vileenam cheyabadatayani prakatinchaaru.
parinaamaalu mariyu vislaeshanhalu.
katangis longipotundi.
janavari 17naa, 99va brigade yokka munduvaipu bhagalu shilongo nadiki cherukunnayi, akkada vaarini aapamani aadesinchaaru. aaa madhyahnam aalasyamgaa, shombe mariyu munongo charchalu muginchadaaniki elizabeth villelo un adhikaarulanu kalisaaru. vaaru pradhana general chaand mariyu taatkaalika poura nayakudu georg sherrito longipoye adhikaarika saadhanampai santakam cheyadamtho vaaru muginchaaru, katangis vibajananu adhikarikamga muginchaaru. naalugu rojula taruvaata athanu brigadier noromha netrutvamloni colvagelo un dalaalanu saantiyutamgaa andukunnadu. shanti pariraksaka dalaalaku thant abhinandana sandesaanni pampaaru, sangharshana "vaaripai balavantamgaa [vaaripai]" jarigindani prakatinchaaru, "anni itara prayatnaalu viphalamaina tarwate shatru gendermery roadblacklanu tolaginche rakshanaatmaka charyanu chepattadaaniki uttarvu ivvabadindi, idhi ippudu vijayavantamgaa mariyu adrushtavasaattuu kaneesa praananashtamto puurtayimdi."vaerpaatunu anichivese prayatnam valla erpade parinaamaala gurinchi anni raajakeeya aandolanalu, dra-avt gerilla yuddham ledhaa shakti shoonyata vantivi, operation grandslam vijayavantamgaa mugimputho vaastavamgaa parishkarinchabaddaayi. united states, belgium, united kingdom mariyu soviet unionlatho sahaa antarjaateeya samaajamlo chaalaa mandhi eee phalitamtho santrupti chendaaru.
sainika maranaalu mariyu nashtam.
operation samayamlo mottam 10 ledhaa 11 mandhi un saantibhadratala sibbandi maraninchaaru mariyu 27 nundi 77 mandhi varaku gayapaddaru. eee saapekshamgaa takkuva pramaada raetu thant mariyu athani salahaadaarulaku chaalaa upasamanam kaliginchindi. katangis gendermery mariyu kirai praananashtam gurinchi mottam ganaamkaalu teliyavu. mottam edu un faitar aircraftlu mariyu oke nigha vimanam naela nundi vacchina agnipramaadamto debbatinnaayi. dheeniki badulugaa, katangis vaimanika dalam daadaapu dozenu pantalanu, magisterlanu mariyu dii havilland rakta pisaachulanu kolpoyindi, chaalaa varaku neelapai unnappudu. okati ledhaa rendu pantalanu minahayinchi anni katangis yuddha vimanalu grandslam mugimpulo un dalaalache naasanam cheyabadinatlu namodu cheyabaddaayi. onak vaimanika dalam commander general christian raay kaldagar taruvaata grandslam vaimanika pracharam gurinchi ilaa annadu, "memu daani gurinchi chaalaa garvapadutunnamu-idhi neenu kango nundi teesivese uttama ghnaapakasakti."
swaadheenam chesukunna belgian kirai sainikula maatallo cheppalante, "katamgaa yokka vaerpaatu kosam tadupari poraatamlo", oka onuk nigha brundam chesina tadupari daryaptulo 15 vimanalu upayogam kosam angolan vaimanika sthaavaraalalo dachabadi unnayani kanugonnaru. shombe konugolu chesina mariyu janavarilo eppudaina vastundani bhaavinchina kavalir mustangla pampineeni kooda operation tagginchindi. portugees angola, dakshinaafrikaa mariyu uttara rhodesia prabhutvaala ghnaanam mariyu sahayamtho katamgaa tama vimanalanu pondagaligindani kooda un dhruveekarinchagaligindi.
poura praananashtam mariyu neerapuurita duraagataala aaropanalu.
operation nundi poura praananashtam jariginatlu nivedikalanu un dhruvikarinchalekapoyindi, idhi patrikallo chaalaa ibbandulanu nivaarinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. ayithe, ganaamkaalu chivariki teliyadu. united states aayudha niyantrana mariyu niraayudheekarana samstha kosam tayaaru chesina 1966 nivedika prakaram, iddaru belgian mahilalu jadotville shivaarlalooni oka checkpoint vadda bharatiya saantibhadratalachae champabaddaru, vaaru kaaru yokka maga driver akasmaattugaa aapadaniki badulugaa vegavantam chesina taruvaata. anadhikaarika" kaalpulu pratyakshamgaa "chaalaa ibbandi kaliginchaayi" anie adhikarulu telipaaru. aaa samayamlo katamgaalo oka american journalist kooda eee vaadanaku maddatu icchaaru.
operation taruvaata, oka sthaanika poojaari "anni nagarika deshaalaku pavitramaina antarjaateeya samavesalanu aikyaraajyasamiti dalaalu ghoramgaa ullanghinchadaanni nirasistuu aikyaraajyasamitiki oka lekhanu pampaadu."december 29naa airish dalaalu elizabeth ville" "union mineer" "aasupatrilo rogulapai daggari paridhiloo kaalpulu jaripaarani, mariyu ethiopian dalaalu 70 mandhi vyaktulanu champayani, vaari mrutadehaalanu 1962 mugimpuku mundu prins leopold aasupatriki pampinhee chesaarani ayana paerkonnaaru. aaropanalaku charless zhe maddatu icchaaru". united states national catholic welfare council yokka boyer mariyu brassels yokka arch bishop joseph carnelius.
robbert guardiner rendu aaropanalanu, elijabetvilleloni roman catholic arch bishop yokka vikar generalku raasina bahiranga lekhalo khandinchaaru. modati aaropanapai vraastuu, aaa samayamlo airish dalaalu kooda aaa praantamloo levani ayana chepparu. badulugaa, ethiopian sainikulu akkada tavvina katangis gendorms nundi bhaarii kaalpulaku guraina taruvaata aasupatri praamganampai daadi chesaarani ayana vivarinchaaru. kontamandi rogulu gendorms unifamla maadirigaane khaqi dustulu dharinchaarani vidhullo unna sanyaasini cheppinatlu guardiner nivedinchaaru. oka roogi kaaliki kalchi champabaddadani, marokariki metha gaayam ayindani ayana angeekarinchaaru. guardiner kooda gendorms unikini vyatiraekistuu antarjaateeya redd cross kuu eppuduu pampabadaledani, mariyu aasupatri yokka talli adhishtanam vaidya adhikaarulaku "union mineer" adhikarulu gendorms paie etuvanti charya teesukokunda undaalani mariyu eee vishayamlo tamanu taamu puurtigaa nimagnam cheyakunda undamani salaha icchinatlu saakshyamichindi. prins leopold aasupatriki teesukuvacchina 70 mrutadehaala vishayaanikosthe, "eee aaropananu dhruveekarinchadaaniki [enn] oo aadharalu samarpinchabaddaayi" anie guardiner paerkonnaadu."
anyuk communications breakdown.
janavari 3naa brigadier noronha aadhvaryamlo bhaarata dalaalu jadotvillelo oohinchani purogati gananeeyamaina antarjaateeya vivaadaanni srushtinchindi mariyu secretory general thantnu ibbandi pettindi. oka vantenanu swaadheenam chesukuni, lufira nadini daatadam dwara noronha thana prarambha aadesaalanu adhigaminchaadu. british mariyu belgianlaku atuvanti purogati jaragadani thant haamii icchaaru, endukante shombe prateekaaramgaa umk aastini naasanam chestaarani iddaroo bhayapaddaru. ralfe banche united states secretory off state deane rusk mariyu united nations kuu united states rayabari adlai stevenson II kuu kooda thant nundi nirdishta adhikaram lekunda un dalaalu katamgaalo tadupari charyanu chepattakudadane abhiprayanni icchaaru. onuk commanderlaku ituvanti haameelu gurinchi eppuduu teliyajeyabadaledu. secretory general thana dalaalapai niyantrana kolpoyadani americanlu bhaavinchaaru. banche thotamaali kii oka sandesaanni pampaadu, shombe uddeshaalanu spashtam chese varaku mundastugaa munduku sagadanni alasyam cheyamani aadesinchaadu, conny aadesaalu onak yokka paatha samachara vyavastha dwara chaand ledhaa norona cherukovadamlo viphalamayyayi (sandesam leopoldville nundi vaanijya overland cable dwara pampabadindi). guardiner mundugaane nivedinchadam dwara bhayamtho pratispandinchaadu. un dalaalu thant aadesaalanu enduku vismarinchaayane daanipai bunche vivarana korindi. sainika drukpatham nundi operation "adbhutamgaa amalu cheyabadindi" anie UN pratinidhi angeekarinchaaru, ayithe "aikyaraajyasamiti pradhana karyalayam mariyu leopoldville karyalayam madhya samarthavanthamaina communication mariyu samanvayamlo teevramaina vichchinnam gurinchi vaaru vicharam vyaktam chesaaru."
jaadotvillenu swaadheenam chesukunna adhe roeju, thant eee sanghatanapai daryaaptu cheyadaaniki banchnu kangoku pampaadu. bunche sandarsana "operation mariyu daani prastuta mariyu bhavishyat karyakalapalanu prabhaavitam chese aneka vishayaala kosam, raajakeeya, sainika mariyu paripalana" kosam anie thant prakatinchaaru, ayinappatikee athani prakatana antarjaateeya samajam nundi paryatanaku kaaranaanni maaruveshamlo unchaledu. deshaaniki vacchina taruvaata, banche patrikaku chethitho raasina prakatnanu chadivaadu, andulo athanu jaadotvillenu swaadheenam chesukovadam "pranaalikaloo bhaagam" anie vaariki haamii icchaadu.
majer general chandh mukhyamgaa banche sandarsana gurinchi aandolana chendaaru. dheeni gurinchi baga telusukunna banche, general yokka aandolanalanu tagginchadaaniki thana vanthu krushi chesi, hotelku badulugaa elijabetvilleloni thana nivaasamlo undamani koraadu. banche ataniki thant nundi oka lekhanu samarpinchinappudu chandh bhayapaddadu, conny banche thana jebuloki velli suuchimchina pratispandananu teesaadu. mundugaane un dalaala sainika paristhitini parigananaloki teesukunna musaida yokka khachitatvanni chuusi general aascharyapoyaadu, ayithe marusati roeju athanu emi jarigindo puurtigaa vivarinchaadu. katamgaalo jarigina sanghatanalapai thana adhikaarika nivedikalo, banche ilaa muginchaadu, "vyaktula kante chaalaa ekkuva, mana yantrangame tappu anie neenu sandehaaniki ateetamainadigaa kanugonnanu."athanu janavari 10naa onuk commanderla nundi adhikaarika kshamaapanhatho un pradhana kaaryaalayaaniki tirigi vacchaadu. aaa taruvaata thant eee vishayampai vyaakhyaanistuu, "london mariyu brassels nundi vacchina bhayapette nivedikala aadhaaramgaa naa tappudu ganana mariyu bhayalaku kshamaapanalu cheppalsina vaaru neenu kaadani neenu bhaavinchaanu."un adhikaarika eric ess prakaram. packham, bhaarata prabhutvam, chandh thoo pratyaksha sambhaashanhalo mariyu katamgaalo un purogati patla asahanamtho, jadotvillenu swaadheenam chesukovalani noronha dalaalanu ekapakshamgaa aadesinchindani anadhikarikamga soochinchabadindi. itarulu thotamaali eee charyanu nissabdamgaa aamodinchaadani ledhaa anni radeo parikaraalanu nishkriyam cheyamani aadesinchadam dwara chaand uddeshapoorvakamgaa nilipivese aardarnu alasyam chesaadani pukaarlu vachayi.
balaprayogaaniki samarthana.
aaa samayamlo, vimanalu, firangulu mariyu saayudha vaahanaalato sahaa katamgaaku vyatiraekamgaa ituvanti balamaina balagalanu upayoginchadam chaalaa vivaadaanni rekettinchindi. bouddhudigaa himsatho vyaktigatamgaa niraasaku gurainappatikee, operation samarthaneeyamani bhaavinchaaru. atuvanti balamaina charya kosam ayana chesina tarkam kevalam yuddha siddhaantaaniki anugunamgaa undhi. kaatamga pratipaadakulu vaerpaatuvaada udyamam anedi swayam-nirnayaaniki chattabaddhamaina vyayamam anie vaadinchaaru. thant thana ghnaapakaalalo eee aalochananu khandinchaaru, moodu praathamika abhyantaraalanu jabita chesaru modata, modata shombe yokka vraatapuurvaka oppandamtho "ekikruta rashtram" gaa kango un loe cherchabadindi. rendavadi, "prapanchamlo yea saarvabhouma rajyam kooda katamgaa swaatantryaanni gurtinchaledu". moodavadi, shombe prabhutvam mottam praavinsupai "samarthavanthamaina niyantrananu ennadoo amalu cheyalekapoyindi". sainika parisoedhakudu walter dorn, thana sthaanika barmaalo raktapaatamaina curran sangharshanhatho badhapadi, bhaarata vibhajana parinaamaalanu chusina thant, vaerpaatuku sambandhinchina samasyaku vyaktigatamgaa sunnitamgaa undavacchani oohinchaaru. africa mariyu asealo vistrutamgaa valasarajyala nirmuulana samayamlo padavini nirvahinchina thant, taanu erpaatu chestunna puurvoodrushtini gurtinchaadu; oka desamlo vaerpaatunu gurtinchadam ledhaa prothsahinchadam valla adhi vicchinnamaina parinaamaalatoe itarulaku vyaapti chendadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. 1970 fibravari chivari natiki, athanu vaerpaatunu khandistu, aikyaraajyasamiti "ennadoo angeekarinchaledu mariyu angeekarinchadu, mariyu daani sabhya desamlo oka bhaagam yokka vaerpaatuku suutraanni adhi eppatikee angeekaristundani neenu nammanu" anie prakatinchaadu."
un chaartarlo paerkonnatlugaa, mariyu un bhadrata mandali thana teermaanaalalo anumatinchinatlugaa, balaganni upayoginchadaaniki onukku lekkinchabadina adhikaram undani kooda thant vaadinchaaru. shombe tarachugaa thana vaagdaanaalaku vyatiraekamgaa velladamtho, saantibhadratalaku vyatiraekamgaa nirantaram kataangeela durakramana tarvaata matrame nirnayaatmaka charya teesukunnanduna, grandslam chivari prayatnamani ayana paerkonnaaru. bhadrata mandali teermaanaalaku anugunamgaa, daadi cheyadaaniki un dalaalaku adhikaram icchinanduna, idhi khachitamgaa kesu kaanappatikee, onuk "daadiloo aatmarakshanalo balaganni upayoginchaadani" thant paerkonnaaru. balavantamgaa chese operation kooda anulomaanupaatamlo pariganinchavacchu; katanga yuddha vimanalu, vistrutamaina aayudhaala nilvalu mariyu yuddha chattalanu vismarinche kirai sainikula empikatho kuudina vyavastheekruta gendermaryni kaligi undhi (i.ii. erra siluvatoe gurtinchabadina vahanallo aayudhalanu ravana cheyadam dwara).
onak yokka vidhi.
katangis vaerpaatu mugimputho, antarjaateeya samaajamlo chaalaa mandhi onuk thana aadesaanni neraverchinatlu mariyu missionu nirvahinchadamlo aasakti vaegamgaa ksheeninchindani bhaavinchaaru. fibravarilo katamgaalo kendra prabhutva adhikaram tirigi dhruveekarinchabadina taruvaata, un thana shanti pariraksaka dalaanni dasalavaareegaa tolaginchadam praarambhinchindi, samvatsaram chivari natiki mottam upasamharananu puurti cheyalane lakshyamtho. thana dalaalanu tirigi pilipinchukunna modati deshaalalo bharatadesam okati. kango prabhutvam abhyardhana meraku, sibbandi sankhya tagginappatikee, onak yokka vistaranaku aaru nelala podigimpuku un adhikaram ichindi. chivari dalaalu 1964 juun 30naa kango nundi bayaludaeraayi. prabhutvaaniki saanketika sahayam andinchadaaniki poura sahaya mission ekkuva kaalam konasaagindi.
katamgaa yokka vidhi.
satrutvam mugisina taruvaata shombe mariyu athani mantrulandaruu katamgaalone undipoyaaru. athanu konkat tarapuna kango punarekeekaranaku maddatu istanani vaagdaanam chesaadu. fibravari 5naa praantiiya pooliisula niyantrananu adhikarikamga joseph ileoku appaginchaaru. kendra prabhutva nirnayam prakaram, katamgaanu uttara katanga mariyu dakshina katanga anae rendu pravinsulugaa vibhajinchaaru. shombe provins yokka "balconization" nuu nirasinchaaru, conny april natiki dakshina katamgaalo thana sonta praantiiya prabhutvaanni sthaapinchaaru. godefroid munongo kooda katangis prabhutvamlone undipoyaadu, ayinappatikee athanu antargata mantritva saakha nundi tolaginchabadi, praantiiya aarogya mantrigaa niyaminchabaddaadu. paarlamentu ubhaya sabhalaku chendina vaari floor leaderlatho sahaa naluguru konakat sabhyulanu chaerchadaaniki pradhani adaula thana mantrivargaanni punarvyavastheekarinchaaru. kendra prabhutvam umk looni katamgaa vaataalato paatu 18 itara companylalo daani vatalapai niyantrananu kooda chepattindi, belgiumtho aardhika sambandhaanni sulabhataram chesindi.
uttara katangis raajakeeyavetta ayina "association general dess baluba du katamgaa" (balubakat) nayakudu jasson sendvetho shombe yokka satrutvam jadotvillelo jaathi himsaku daariteesindi, dheenilo 74 mandhi maraninchaaru. taruvaati nelaloo shombe oka private sainyam nirvahistunnadane aaropanalapai aaa taruvaata sainikulu athani nivaasampai daadi chesaaru. taruvaata, videshee kirai sainikulatoe ayana nirantaram sampradimpulu konasaginchinatlu velladinche patraalanu kendra prabhutvam swaadheenam chesukundi. arrestuku bhayapadi, raajakeeya himsanu prakatinchukoni, shombe juunloo fraanslooni paarisku paaripoyi, chivariki speyinlooni modridlo sthirapaddaadu. akkada nundi athanu thana gendermery commanderlatho tirigi adhikaaramloki raavadaaniki pranaalikalanu abhivruddhi chesaadu, idhi balagalanu grahinchadaaniki kendra prabhutvam chese prayatnaalanu marinta klishtataram chesindi.
edaadi madhyalo dakshina katamgaanu katanga oriental mariyu lualaba (kotta dakshina katanga anie kooda pilustaaru) pravinsulugaa vibhajinchaaru. vaaru atuvanti vibhajanalanu vyatirekinchinappatiki, vaerpaatuku chendina chaalaa mandhi katangis nayakulu kotta praantiiya prabhutvaalalo cheraaru. oka kotta rajyanga commission sthaapinchabadindi, mariyu 1964 maarchilo idhi daani parliamentary vyavastha nundi prabhutva adhyaksha namuunaaku maaraalani sifaarasu chesindi.
juun juun, onuk upasamharana taruvaata, communist kvilu mariyu simba tirugubaatlu thoorpu mariyu madhya kangoloni aankulanu adhigaminchaayi. balaheenamaina kendra prabhutvam eee samasyanu samarthavantamgaa parishkarinchalekapoyindi, kabatti adhyakshudu joseph casa-vubu pradhana mantri adoulanu tolaginchi, athani sthaanamlo shombenu abhyardhinchaaru. shombe juun 24naa raajadhaaniki cherukuni juulai 9naa pradhaanamantri padavini sweekarinchaaru. maajee sainikulu mariyu kirai sainikulanu upayoginchi tirugubaatlanu vijayavantamgaa anachivesaaru, conny aktobaru aktobaru casa-vubu shombenu tolaginchaadu. navambarulo, kalnal joseph-desire mobutu tirugubaatulo adhikaranni swaadheenam chesukuni, shombe speyinlo bahishkarinchabaddaadu. tirigi adhikaaramloki raavadaaniki ayana pranaalikalu roopondinchinappatiki, shombe conny algerialo khaidu cheyabaddaadu mariyu thana maranam varaku akkade unnadu.
katamgaa sainyam yokka vidhi.
un dalaalu kolvejini aakraminchina taruvaata migilina katangis gendermaryni niraayudheekarinchadam praarambhinchaayi. 1963 fibravari 8naa, general norbert muke mariyu athani adhikarulu chaalaa mandhi adhyakshudu casa-vubu patla tama vidheyatanu pratigna chesaaru. kshamaagunam mariyu katangis dalaalanu ancylo cherchinappatiki, chaalaa mandhi gendorms daakkuntuu, appudappudu prabhutva dalaalatoe gharshana paddaru. kevalam 2,000 nundi 3,000 mandhi sainikulu matrame ancylo vijayavantamgaa vileenam cheyabaddaaru, ayithe 7,000 mandhi sikshana laeni gendorms kevalam vaari poura jeevanopaadhiki tirigi vacchaaru. sumaru 8,000 mandhi katangis sainikulu lekkaloki raani sthithilo unnaaru.
colvagelo jarigina samavesamlo, shombe migilina katangis saayudha dalaalannintinii portugees angolaku upasamharinchukovaalani aadesinchaadu. zeane shrammenu pravaasamlo unna sainyaniki commanderga niyaminchaaru, ayithe geremia puern avasaramaina sainika parikaraalu mariyu katangis khajanato paatu katangis vaimanika dalamlo migili unna vaatini khaalii cheyamani aadesinchaaru. idhi vaayu mariyu railway dwara saadhinchabadindi. rhodesian kaaryakartalu desham nundi bangaaram nilvalanu akramamga ravana cheyadamlo sahayapaddaru. janavari 25naa shramme yokka kirai sainikulu mariyu gendarmlalo chivari vaarini khaalii cheyinchaaru. itara gendorms 1963 migilina uttara rodeshiyaalo gadiparu.
1963 antataa gendorms kramamga angolaaloki pravesinchaayi. portugees valasavaada adhikarulu, communist vyatiraeka kataangeelaku sahayam cheyadaaniki aasaktigaa, vaarini "saranaarthi" shibiraalalo erpaatu chesaaru. 1964 natiki, naalugu shibiraalalo rendu pratyeka sikshanaa soukaryaalagaa marai. dakshina rhodesia nundi ravana maddatutoe shombe, gendorms mariyu kirai sainikula madhya sandeshaalanu prasaram cheyadaaniki kirai sainikulu katamgaa nundi angolaku rhodesia dwara prayaaninchaaru. april chuttoo, shombe thana dalaalanu tirigi kadilinchinatlu kanipinchindi. joolailo pradhaanamantri ayina ventane, athanu bahishkarinchabadina kataangeelanu kangoku tirigi raavaalani aadesinchaadu mariyu rahasyamgaa unna vaarilo kondarini sameekarinchaadu, tadwara vaaru kvilu mariyu simba tirugubaatudaarulanu anachiveyagalaru. avi tirugubaatlaku vyatiraekamgaa vijayavantamgaa upayoginchabaddaayi, mariyu shombe adhikaram nundi tolaginchabadina taruvaata, vaaru mobutu paalana nundi gananeeyamaina raajakeeya dooraanni konasaaginchaaru. rendu paarteela madhya sambandhaalu twaragaa digajarai, juulai juulai raktapaata tirugubaatuto mugisindi.
vaari otami taruvaata, straggling gendorms tirigi angolaaloki venudirigaayi. shombe kangopai dandayaatranu nirvahinchadaaniki vaatini upayoginchaalani pranaalika veyadam praarambhinchaadu, conny conny algerialo athani jailu siksha kaaranamgaa idhi tagginchabadindi. vaaru tamanu taamu "front dii liberation national congolize" gaa punarnirminchukunnaaru mariyu mariyu katamgaanu tirigi teesukoovadaaniki rendu prayatnaalu chesaaru. rendoo viphalamayyayi, conny vaerpaatuvaada tirugubaatu karyakalapalu konasagayi. katamgaanu naalugu kotta pravinsulugaa vibhajistuu oka kotta jaateeya rajyangam jaarii cheyabadina taruvaata taruvaata satrutvaalu tirigi talettaayi.
talettaayi gedian kyungu mutamgaa anae ugravaadi jailu nundi bayataku vacchaadu. athanu sthaanika mye mye sainika dalaalanu punarnirminchi, vaerpaatunu saadhinchadaaniki mye-mye kaataa katamgaanu erpaatu chesaadu. eee praantamloo sangharshana natakeeyamgaa marinta digajaarindi, mariyu 2012 madhyalo aneka un manavata samsthalu poura janaabhaaku sahayam cheyadaaniki aneka vanarulanu ketayinchadam praarambhinchaayi. kango prajaasvaamya ganatantramlo aikyaraajyasamiti samstha sthireekarana mission (daani french paerutoe monusco anie pilustaaru) sthaanika prabhutva adhikarulu, pooliisulu mariyu sainyaniki logistical mariyu salaha sahayanni andinchindi. asalu vibajananu antam cheyadamlo vaari paatranu drushtilo unchukuni, paristhitini parishkarinchadamlo un sahaayapadutundani chaalaa mandhi katangis prajalu aasinchaaru. saantiyuta parishkaram kosam kyungu mariyu athani aneka dalaalu 2016 octoberulo longipoyayi. ayithe kaalpula viramana viphalamaindi, mariyu mye-mye kaataa katamgaa 2019 natiki thana tirugubaatunu tirigi praarambhinchindi.

