
kartha

kartha, ledhaa kartha, oka bambara rajyam, idhi sonhoy saamrajyam patanam taruvaata udbhavinchindi, idhi nedu maali yokka paschima bhaagamlo undhi mariyu 1850laloe umar chetha naasanam ayye varaku konasaagindi.
charitra.
1650loe fama (raaju) massa chetha kartaaku nidhulu samakuurchabaddaayi, ayana niger nadhi madhyalo sounson vadda rajadhaanini sthaapinchaaru. 1710loe paalana athani kumarudu benafaaleeki (r. 1710-1745), bitan kaulibali mariyu segou saamrajyam yokka perugutunna saktiki vyatiraekamgaa sudeergha yuddham chesaaru. bitton chivariki vijayavantamayyaadu, benafali kumarudu foulacoro (r. 1745-1754) mariyu 1754loe rajyaanni naasanam chesindi.
1754loe segou nundi paaripoyina sae bamana kaulibali chetha kartaanu tirigi sthaapinchaaru. fama sira boow (r. 1761-1781) oka praantiiya saktigaa kartha tirigi aavirbhaavaaniki daariteesindi, guemou vadda shaashwata rajadhaanini sthaapinchindi mariyu 1777loe diara rajyaanni, alaage khasonu saamantulugaa chesindi. sira boow taruvaata desse coro adhikaaramloki vacchaadu, athanu yuddhamlo monsang diarra chetilo odipoyaadu. bodian moriba (r.1818-1832) rajyaanni oka saktigaa tirigi sthaapinchi, segoutho shanti oppandam kudurchukuni, rajadhaanini neoro du sahelku maarchindi. 
1854loe paschima africa antataa ell huzz umar toll yokka zihad dwara eee rajyam swatantra saktigaa naasanam cheyabadindi; umar toll neoronu swaadheenam chesukuni, fama mamadi kandian mariyu athani mottam kutumbaanni champi, massassi raajavamsaanni antam chesindi. 
1878loe senegal nadhi uttara odduna unna kartha tukulur saamanta raashtraaniki vyatiraekamgaa senegal brier dii ell 'iceley yokka french governor french dalaanni pampaadu. paarislo valasarajyala mantriche nirodhinchabadina vaaru, british vaaru jokyam chesukovadaniki siddhamgaa unna futa toro (appati french client rashtram) yokka senegally imametku muppu anie vaadinchaaru. 1878 juulai 7naa, oka french dalam sabousire vadda unna kartha tukulur kotanu dhvamsam chesi, vaari nayakudu almani niyaamodeeni champindi. kartha saamantulalo eee bhaagam appudu khaso rakshita raajyamlo cherchabadindi.
french kalnal luis archinard taruvaata 1890loe maajee kartha rajyam yokka mottam bhoobhaganni swaadheenam chesukunnadu, idhi 1904loe adhikarikamga french paschima aafrikaalo vileenam cheyabadindi.
aardhika vyavastha.
tagant mariyu hodh yokka saharan praantaala nundi uppuku kartha oka mukhyamaina gamyam mariyu ravana kendramgaa undedi.