
photophragment-ayan imaging

photophragment ayan imaging ledhaa, marinta saadhaaranamgaa, utpatti imaging anedi rasayana praticharya ledhaa maatru anuvu yokka photodisociation taruvaata utpatti anuvulu ledhaa kanaala vegaanni kolichenduku oka prayogaatmaka saanketikata. pratidhvanigaa merugaina multy-photan ayaneekarana (rempi) dwara srushtinchabadina sthithi-enchukunna ayanla raaka sthaanaalanu namodu cheyadaaniki eee paddhati dvi-miteeya detectornu, saadhaaranamgaa micro chaanal plaetnu upayogistundi. photophragment ayan imagingnu upayoginchi modati prayogaanni 1987loe david doubleu chandler mariyu paal ell houseton methyl iodide (iodomethane, ch3i) yokka phototodisociation dynamixpy nirvahinchaaru.
nepathyam.
molecular reaction dynamicslo aneka samasyalu kana vegam mariyu koneeya disanu ekakaalamlo kolichenduku demand chestaayi; atyanta demand chese vatiki antargata saktitoe ekakaalamlo eee vegaanni kolichenduku avasaram. anni utpattula antargata saktulu mariyu vaegaalanu perkonagaligithene paramaanu praticharyalu, shakti badilee prakriyalu mariyu kaantivichhedana adhyayanalanu puurtigaa ardham chesukovacchu.
praticharya yokka oka sthithi-enchukunna utpatti yokka trimiteeya vegam pampineeni nirnayinchadam dwara utpatti imaging eee lakshyanni cherukuntundi. rendu utpattulanu utpatti chese praticharya kosam, gamaninchani thobuttuvula utpatti yokka vegam vegam mariyu saktini parirakshinchadam dwara kolichina utpatti yokka vaegaaniki sambandhinchinadi kabatti, thobuttuvula antargata sthithini tarachugaa oohinchavachhu.
udaaharana.
oka saadhaarana udaaharana suutraanni vivaristundi. ojon (O3) atineelalohita utsaaham taruvaata vidipoyi, oka praanavaayuvu anuvu mariyu praanavaayuvu anuvunu istundi. (kaneesam) rendu saadhyamayye margalu unnappatikee, pradhana utpattulu o (1d) mariyu o2 (1δ); antey, anuvu mariyu anuvu rendoo vaati modati uttejita electronic sthithilo untaayi (marinta vivarana kosam anhu padam chihnam mariyu paramaanu padam chihnam chudandi). 266 nm tarangadairghyam vadda, eee rendu utpattulaku ojonnu vidadeeyadaaniki, o2 (1δ) nii garishta sthaayi v = 3 kii prakampanamgaa uttejaparachadaaniki mariyu rendu sakalaala madhya tirogamana vaegaaniki kontha saktini andinchadaaniki photan taginanta saktini kaligi untundi. vaastavaaniki, O2 kampanaalanu uttejaparachadaaniki entha ekkuva saktini upayogiste, tirigi vachhe saktiki antha takkuva andubaatulo untundi. utpatti imaging saanketikatato kalipi, o (1d) anuvu yokka rempi, o (1d) trimiteeya vegam pampineeni lekkinchadaaniki upayoginchagala chitraanni istundi. eee sthuupaakaara samaruupata pampinhee dwara oka mukka chitramlo choopabadindi, ikkada dravyarashi frame madhyalo sunna vegam kaligina o (1d) anuvu chitram madhyalo cherutundi.
o (1d) vegam yokka naalugu pradhana samuuhaalaku anugunamgaa naalugu valayalu unnayani gamaninchandi. ivi v = 0,1,2, mariyu 3 kampana sthaayilalo o2 (1) utpattiki anugunamgaa untaayi. v = 0kii anugunamgaa unde ring bayatidi, endukante eee sthaayilo o2 (1δ) utpatti o (1d) mariyu o2 (1δ) madhya tirogamananiki ekkuva saktini vadilivestundi. anduvalla, utpatti imaging technic ventane o2 (1δ) yokka kampana pampineeni chooputundi.
o (1d) yokka koneeya pampinhee ekareetigaa ledani gamaninchandi-bhoomadhyarekha kante ekkuva anuvulu uttara ledhaa dakshina dhruvam vaipu egurutaayi. eee sandarbhamlo, uttara-dakshina aksham ojonnu vidadeese kaanti yokka dhruveekarana disaku samaantaramgaa untundi. dhruvana kaantini grahinche ojon anuvulu oka nirdishta amarika pampinheelo untaayi, dhruveekaranaku daadaapu samaantaramgaa O3 looni tudi oxygen anuvulanu anusandhaaninche rekhatho untaayi. ojon tirige daanikante vaegamgaa vidipotundi kabatti, oo mariyu oo2 utpattulu pradhanamgaa eee dhruveekarana aksham venta tirigi vastaayi. conny marinta vivaralu kooda unnaayi. koneeya pampinheelo garishta sthaayi vaastavaaniki uttara ledhaa dakshina dhruvam vadda kaadani, conny sumaru 45 degreela konamlo undani oka daggari pariseelana choopistundi. idhi o (1d) nuu ayaneekaranam chese lazer yokka dhruveekaranatho sambandham kaligi untundi, mariyu eee anuvu yokka koneeya momentum (2 unitlu kaligi untundi) tirogamana vaegaaniki sambandhinchi samalekhanam cheyabadindani choopinchadaaniki vislaeshimchavachchu. marinta vivaralu vaerae chota chudavachu.
eee tarangadairghyam vadda excitation taruvaata ojonku itara dissociation chaanallu andubaatulo unnaayi. okati o (3p) mariyu o2 (3σ) nuu utpatti chestundi, idhi anuvu mariyu anuvu rendoo vaati ground electronic sthithilo unnayani suuchistumdi. paina perkonna chitramlo eee chaanelpai etuvanti samacharam ledhu, endukante oo (1dii) matrame daryaaptu cheyabadutundi. ayithe, ayaneekarana laejarnu o (3p) yokka rempi tarangadairghyaaniki tune cheyadam dwara, o2 (3σ) yokka antargata shakti pampinhee gurinchi samacharanni andinche puurtigaa bhinnamaina chitraanni kanugonavacchu.
utpatti imaging technic.
asalu utpatti imaging kaagitamlo, ayanla "sthaanaalu" dvi-miteeya detectorpy chitreekarinchabadataayi. oka photolysis lazer methyl iodide (ch3i) nuu vidadeestundi, ayithe ayaneekarana laejarnu ch3 utpatti yokka nirdishta kampana sthaayini ayaneekaranam cheyadaaniki rempi upayoginchabadutundi. rendu laejarlu pulls cheyabadataayi, mariyu ayaneekarana lazer takkuva aalasyamtho kaalchabadutundi, tadwara utpattulu gananeeyamgaa kadalaledu. ayaneekarana lazer dwara electronnu bayataku teeyadam valla ch3 sakalam yokka tirogamana vegaanni maarchadu kabatti, photolysis taruvaata yea samayamloonainaa daani sthaanam tatasthamgaa unde daanitoe samanamga untundi. daanini ayanga marchadam valla kalige prayojanam emitante, daanini gridla samititoe tippikottadam dwara (chitramlo niluvu ghana rekhala dwara suuchimchabadutumdi), daanini dvi-miteeya detectorpy pradarsinchavacchu. detector anedi rendu micro chaanal plate, idhi rendu gaaju disclanu kaligi untundi, daggaragaa pyaak cheyabadina open chhaanals (aneka micrometers vyaasam) kaligi untundi. plaetla antataa adhika voltage unchabadutundi. oka ayan oka chaanal lopala kottinapudu, adhi dviteeya electronlanu bayataku teestundi, avi chaanal godalaloki vegavantam cheyabadataayi. godanu kotte pratidaaniki bahula electronlu bayataku pampabadataayi kabatti, chaanellu vyaktigata kana gunakaluga panicheestaayi. plaetla yokka chivari chivaralo sumaru 107 electronlu pravesinchina prati ayanku chaanelnu vadilivestaayi. mukhyamgaa, ayan pravesinchina pradaesam venuka nundi avi nishkramistaayi. electronlu appudu phosphor screenku vegavantam cheyabadataayi, mariyu kaanti macchalu gated chaarj-coupled device (sisidi) cameratho record cheyabadataayi. laejarla yokka prati pulls nundi sekarinchina chitram computerku pampabadutundi, mariyu aneka vaela lazer pulls yokka phalitaalu gatamlo chuupina ojon kosam oka chitraanni andinchadaaniki sekarinchabadataayi.
utpatti imaging yokka eee position-sensing versionlo, ayanlu detectornu taakinappudu vaati sthaanam namodu cheyabadutundi. viyojana mariyu ayaneekarana laejarla dwara utpatti cheyabadina ayanlu dravyarashi kendram nundi velocityla yokka nirdishta pampinheetho baahyamgaa vistaristunnaayani oohinchavachhu. eee trimiteeya vastuvunu manam gurtinchaalanukuntunnaam. srushtinchabadina ayanlu oke dravyarashi kaligi undaali kabatti, avanni detector vaipu oke vidhamgaa vegavantam cheyabadataayi. mottam trimiteeya vastuvunu detectorloki nokkadaaniki chaalaa takkuva samayam padutundi, kabatti kendra sthaanaaniki sambandhinchi detectorpy ayan yokka sthaanam kevalam v δt dwara ivvabadutundi, ikkada v anedi daani vegam mariyu δt anedi ayanlu tayaaru cheyabadinappudu mariyu avi detectornu taakinappudu madhya samayam. aaa vidhamgaa chitram kaavalasina trimiteeya vegam pampinhee yokka dvi-miteeya projection. adrushtavasaattuu, detector uparitalaaniki samaantaramgaa sthuupaakaara samaruupata aksham unna vyavasthalaku, viloma abel parivartananu upayoginchadam dwara dvi-miteeya projection nundi trimiteeya pampineeni tirigi pondavacchu. sthuupaakaara aksham anedi vidadeese kaanti yokka dhruveekarana disanu kaligi unna aksham. chitram dravyarashi frame madhyalo teesinatlu gamaninchadam mukhyam; samayam nundi vaegaaniki tappa vaerae maarpu avasaram ledhu.
eee saanketikata yokka tudi prayojanaanni kooda prastaavinchaalih ververu dravyaraasula ayanlu ververu samayaallo detectorku cherukuntaayi. eee avakalanam talettutundi endukante prati ayan vidyut kshetraanni daatutunnappudu adhe mottam saktiki vegavantam cheyabadutundi, e, conny tvaranam vegam, vz, e = 1⁄2 mvz2 gaa maarutundi. anduvalla, vz ayan dravyarashi yokka vargamuulaaniki parasparamgaa maarutundi, ledhaa raaka samayam ayan dravyarashi yokka vargamuulaaniki anulomaanupaatamlo untundi. oka khachitamaina prayogamlo, ayaneekarana lazer anedi viyojana utpattulanu matrame ayaneekaranam chestundi, mariyu avi oka nirdishta antargata shakti sthithilo matrame untaayi. conny ayaneekarana lazer, mariyu bahusha photolysis lazer, pump ayil ledhaa itara malinaalu vanti itara padaarthaala nundi ayaanlanu srushtinchagalavu. detectornu electronicga gating cheyadam dwara oke dravyaraasini enchukune saamarthyam, anduvalla sabdaanni tagginchadamlo oka mukhyamaina prayojanam.
utpatti imaging saanketikataku merugudalalu.
vaega patam imaging.
epink mariyu parker dwara utpatti imaging saanketikatalo pedda merugudala saadhinchabadindi. position-sensing versionlo spashtatanu parimitam chese ibbandi emitante, detectorpy unna spot uttejita ayanla cross-sectional praantam kante chinnadi kaadu. udaaharanaku, molecular beam, photolysis lazer mariyu ayaneekarana lazer yokka paraspara charya yokka parimaanam 1 mimi x 1 mimi x 1 mimi ayithe, appudu oke vegamtho kadulutunna ayan yokka spot ippatikee detector vadda 1 mimi x 1 mimi untundi. eee parimaanam chaanal vedalpu (10 micrometers) parimiti kante chaalaa peddadi mariyu oka saadhaarana detector (25 mimi) vyaasaarthamtho poliste gananeeyamainadi. kontha marinta merugudala lekunda, sthaanam-sensing upakaranam kosam vegam spashtata iravai aidu loe oka bhaagaaniki parimitam cheyabadutundi. epink mariyu parker eee parimiti chuttoo oka marganni kanugonnaru. utpatti imaging saanketikata yokka vaari samskarananu valacity mapp imaging antaaru.
valacity mapp imaging anedi detector vaipu ayaanlanu vegavantam cheyadaaniki sthiravidyuth lens vadakam meeda aadharapadi untundi. voltagelanu sarigga sardubaatu chesinappudu, ayan ekkada srushtinchabadindo daanitoe sambandham lekunda detectorpy oke vegamtho ayaanlanu oke chota kendrikarinchadam valla eee lensku prayojanam untundi. eee saanketikata lazer mariyu molecular kiranaala parimita ativyaapti valla kalige aspashtatanu adhigamistundi.
ayan imagingto paatu, photoelectron photoyan yaadruchika spectroscopy electron kinetic energy vislaeshanha kosam valacity mapp imaging kooda upayoginchabadutundi.
trimiteeya (3dii) ayan imaging.
detectorku vachhe prati okka utpatti kanaaniki prarambha utpatti momentum vector yokka moodu bhaagaalanu ekakaalamlo kolavagaligela chichinin, inefeld, moul mariyu jerike phosphor screennu samaya-parishkara aalasya rekha anode dwara bharti chesaayi. parisoedhimchina vyavasthalu sthuupaakaara samaruupata kaligi undaalsina ganita punarnirmaana paddhatulapai aadharapadakunda trimiteeya utpatti momentum vector pampineeni kolavadaniki eee saanketikata anumatistundi. taruvaata, vaega mapping 3dii imagingku jodinchabadindi. aneka praathamika kaantivichhedana prakriyalu mariyu dvimiteeya rasayana praticharyalanu vargeekarinchadaaniki 3dii paddhatulu upayoginchabaddaayi.
centroiding.
cheng "mariyu itarulu.", sisidi camera dwara gurtinchabadina prati spot phalitaalanu jagrattagaa vislaeshistae resolution marinta perugutundani grahinchaaru. chaalaa prayogasaalalo vilakshanhamaina micro chaanal plate amplification kinda, atuvanti prati spot 5-10 pixels vyaasam kaligi untundi. prati lazer shaat yokka 200 spotla varaku pariseelinchadaaniki microprocessornu programme cheyadam dwara, prati spot pampinhee kendraanni nirnayinchadaaniki, chang "mariyu itarulu."sisidi chip yokka 256-pixel vyaasaarthamlo oka pixelku samaanamaina vaega spashtatanu marinta penchagaligaayi.
disi slies imaging.
disi slies imaging anedi suut grouplo abhivruddhi cheyabadina saampradaaya valacity mapp imaging technic yokka abhivruddhi cheyabadina version. disi loe ayan cloude nuu kattirinchadam ayaneekarana praantamloo balaheenamaina kshetram dwara vistarinchadaaniki anumatinchabadutundi. dheeni dwara raaka samayam aneka vandala ns kuu vistarinchabadutundi. vegavantamaina transister switch dwara ayan cloude (neuton golam) yokka madhya bhaganni enchukovachhu. eee kendra mukka puurti vegam mariyu koneeya pampineeni kaligi untundi. ganita paddhatula dwara punarnirmaanam avasaram ledhu. (dii. tounsand, ess. keey. lii mariyu eah. zii. suits, "disi slies imaging nundi kakshya dhruvikaranah ethylene sulfide yokka photodisociationlo s (1d) amarika", kemm. shareera., 301,197 (2004).)
electron imaging.
rempi gurtinchadam dwara erpadina saanukuula ayanla utpatti imaging anedi chaarj cheyabadina kana imaging upayogakaramgaa maarina praantaalalo okati matrame. maroka praantam electronlanu gurtinchadamlo undhi. eee margallo modati aalochanalaku prarambha charitra unnatlu anipistundi. demkov "mariyu itarulu."bahusha" "photo ayaneekarana suukshmadarshini" "nii pratipaadinchina modati vaaru". vividha disalalo anuvu nundi vidudalayye electron yokka pathaalu anuvu nundi chaalaa dhooramlo mallee kalusukuni jokyam namuunaanu srushtinchavacchani vaaru grahinchaaru. oohinchina valayalanu gamaninchadaaniki oka parikaranni nirminchaalani vaaru pratipaadinchaaru. blandell "mariyu itarulu."chivariki atuvanti" "suukshmadarshini" "nii grahinchi, daanini br-yokka photo detachmentnu adhyayanam cheyadaaniki upayoginchaaru". ayithe, elakran imaging upakaranaanni roopondinchina modati vaaru naayakatvam mariyu sahodyogulu. eee parikaram munupati photoelectron spectrometerlapy merugudala, idhi lazer yokka prati shaat kosam anni saktulu mariyu photoelectronla yokka anni koonaalapai samacharanni andistundi. helm mariyu athani sahodyogulu ippudu xe, ne, h2 mariyu ar yokka ayaneekarananu parisoedhinchadaaniki eee saanketikatanu upayoginchaaru. iteevali udaaharanalalo, suzuki, haydon mariyu stolo pedda anuvulalo uttejita sthithi gatiseelatanu anusarinchadaaniki femtosecond excitation mariyu ayaneekarana vaadakaaniki maargadarsakatvam vahinchaaru.

