
thala raayi

thala raayi, samadhi raayi ledhaa samadhi raayi anedi oka samadhi meeda unchabade oka raathi ledhaa gurthu, saadhaaranamgaa raayi. idhi kraistava, yoodu, muslim mataalalo samaadhulaku saampradayakamgaa undhi. chaalaa sandarbhaallo, daani meeda maraninchina vyakti paeru, puttina thedhee mariyu maraninchina thedhee, vyaktigata sandesam ledhaa praarthanatho paatu chekkabadi untaayi, conny antyakriyala kalakhandalu, mukhyamgaa raathi shilpamlo vivaralu undavacchu. airopaloni aneka praantaalalo, maraninchina vyakti yokka chaayaachitraanni oka chatramlo amarchadam chaalaa saadhaaranam.
upayoginchandi.
puraavastu sandarbhamlo piluvabade stelle (bahuvachanam stelle), antyakriyala kala yokka puraatana roopaalalo okati. modata, samadhi raayi anedi raathi savapetika yokka raathi mootha, ledhaa savapetika, mariyu samadhi anedi raathi palaka (ledhaa ledger raayi), idhi samadhi meeda chadunainadigaa unchabadindi. ippudu, samadhi talapai amarchina gurtula kosam (saadhaaranamgaa nitaruga) moodu padaalanu ("stale", "samadhi raayi" ledhaa "gravestone") kooda upayogistaaru. 18va sataabdamloo konni samaadhulalo samadhi yokka adugu chivaralanu gurtinchadaaniki paada raallu kooda unnaayi. idhi konnisaarlu samadhi yokka mottam chuttukolatanu gurtinche puurti kerb setlugaa abhivruddhi chendindi. paada raallu arudugaa maraninchina vyakti yokka modati aksharalu mariyu maraninchina samvatsaram kante ekkuva, mariyu konnisaarlu smaaraka mayson mariyu plaat reference nambartho vyakhyaaninchabaddaayi. yantram dwara gaddi kattirimpunu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki aneka smasaanavaatikalu mariyu charchila praamganaalu aaa adanapu raallanu tolaginchaayi. konni UK smasaanavaatikallo, pradhaanamainavi, mariyu nijaaniki matrame, samadhi diguvana gurtunu unchutaaru.
matti kadalika mariyu sunnitamaina vaalulapai konda digubadi kaaranamgaa, paatha thala raallu mariyu paada raallu tarachugaa oka konamlo vangi untaayi. kalakramena, eee kadalika phalitamgaa raallu vaati asalu sthaanaaniki aneka meterla dhooramlo untaayi.
samadhulu mariyu edainaa sambandhita smaaraka chihnalu santaapam mariyu ghnaapakaartham kendrikrutamai untaayi. dasabdaluga vistarinchi unna mottam kutumbam yokka maranaanni oka marker vivarinchadaaniki veelugaa bandhuvula paerlu tarachugaa samvatsaraalugaa oka samaadhiki jodinchabadataayi. smasaanavaatika ledhaa charchi praamganamloo samadhulu mariyu sthalaaniki dabbu kharchu avutundi kabatti, avi oka samaajamlo sampada ledhaa praamukhyataku chihnamgaa kooda untaayi. konni samaadhulanu inca jeevinchi unna prajalu vaari sampada mariyu hodaaku nidarsanamgaa vaari swantha ghnaapakaartham nirminchaaru. kraistava sandarbhamlo, chaalaa dhanavanthulu tarachugaa bahya samaadhulanu kaligi undataaniki badulu charchila lopala vistrutamaina smaaraka chihnalanu nirminchaaru. smasaanavaatika tarachugaa samadhi laeni, conny vaari santaapam mariyu ghnaapakaartham drushti pettaalanukune kutumbaalaku ilanti pratyaamnaayaalanu andistundi. udaaharanaku smasaanavaatika lopala chekkina ledhaa taaraaganam chesina smaaraka falakaalu eee prayojanam kosam upayogapadavachhu.
padaarthaalu.
smasaanavaatika jaateeya aachara niyamaavalini anusarinchavacchu ledhaa pratyekinchi parirakshana praantamloo konni padaarthaala parimaanam mariyu viniyogaanni swatantramgaa suuchimchavachchu. kondaru chekka smaaraka chihnanni khananam chesina aaru nelalake parimitam cheyavachu, aaa tarvaata marinta shaashwata smaaraka chihnanni erpaatu cheyali. itarulaku gaddi kothalanu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki oka nirdishta aakaram ledhaa sthaanam yokka raallu avasaram kaavacchu. granite, palarayi mariyu itara rakaala raathi raallanu saadhaaranamgaa smaaraka mesanlu srushtistaaru, vyavasthaapistaaru mariyu marammatu chestaaru. samaadhulaku kramam tappakunda tanikhi mariyu nirvahana avasaram, endukante raallu sthirapadavachu, kuulipoevachchu mariyu arudaina sandarbhaallo, padipoyi prajalanu gaayaparachavachhu; ledhaa samadhulu kevalam paiki edigi, vaati gurtulu kolpovachhu ledhaa dhvamsam cheyabadavachhu.
smaaraka raathi pani kosam punaruddharana anedi oka pratyaekamaina pani. atigaa perigina tolagimpuku kooda chekkadam debbatinakunda jaagratta avasaram. udaaharanaku, ivni bays vaerla vadda matrame kattirinchi, sahajamgaa chanipovadaniki vadiliveyaali, eppuduu balavantamgaa lagakudadu.
aneka padaarthaalu gurtulugaa upayoginchabaddaayi.
saasanaalu.
konnisaarlu gurtulu saasanaalanu kaligi untaayi. talapaina unna samacharamlo saadhaaranamgaa maraninchina vyakti paeru mariyu vaari puttina mariyu maraninchina thedhee untaayi. atuvanti samacharam vamsapaaramparya saastravettalaku mariyu sthaanika charitrakaarulaku upayogakaramgaa untundi. pedda smasaanavaatikalaku nirvahana kosam sthaanaanni khachitamgaa saricheyadamlo sahaayapadataaniki vivechanaathmakamaina suuchana code kooda avasaram kaavacchu. smasaanavaatika yajamani, charchi ledhaa, UK loe vale, jaateeya maargadarsakaalu saasanaalalo 'ruchikaramaina' mariyu khachitamaina padaala vadakanni prothsahinchavachhu. saasanaala sthaanam saampradayakamgaa smaaraka chihnam yokka munduvaipu vaipu unchabadutundi, conny konni sandarbhaallo venukavaipu mariyu raathi anchula chuttoo kooda chudavachu. konni kutumbaalu smaaraka chihnam yokka bhagampai bhoogarbhamlo oka saasanam cheyamani abhyardhistunnaayi.
adanamgaa, konni samadhulu maraninchina vaarini prasamsistuu ledhaa "vegamtho requiscat" vanti matha grandhaala nundi ullekhanaalanu kooda kaligi untaayi. konni sandarbhaallo eee saasanam oka abhyardhana, heccharika, vishwaasaaniki rujuvu, keertini pondadam ledhaa shakespeare yokka oka cursevillium saasanam kooda pramukhamgaa prakatistundi.
<kavita> manchi snehitudu, yesu koraku sahinchandi,
ikkada poga travvadaaniki.
eee raallanu vidichipettina vyakti dhanyudu,
mariyu naa emukalanu kadilinchevaadu sapinchabaddaadu.</kavita>
ledhaa dushanbe tajika rajadhani looni puraatana samadhi raatipai chekkina eee pertian kavitvam vanti maranaala gurinchi heccharika.
<kavita> neenu vinnanu aaa saktivantamaina raajunu champesindi
neeti bugga sameepamlo oka raatipai chekkabadina eee padaalu
ledhaa maranam anivaryam gurinchi saralamaina heccharikah
<kavita> meeru velletappudu nannu gurthunchukondi,
ippudu meeru elaa unnaro, alaage okappudu neenu,
neenu ippudu elaa unnaano, meeru kooda alaage untaaru.
maranaaniki siddhamai nannu anusarinchandi.</kavita>
headustone chekkinavaaru tama sonta "iyar 2000 samasya" nii edurkonnaru, ippatikee jeevinchi unna prajalu, united stateslo matrame 500,000 mandhi, 19 thoo praarambhamayye mundu chekkina marana samvatsaraalato mundugaa konugolu chesina headustonelu.
mataparamaina swabhaavam ledhaa maraninchina vyakti yokka profile yokka bays-releaf chekkadaalanu konni thala raallapai, mukhyamgaa 19va sataabdam varaku chudavachu. photography aavishkarana nundi, oka samadhi loe chatram chesina chaayaachitram ledhaa maraninchina vyakti atidhi paatra undavacchu; chaayaachitra chitraalu ledhaa kalaakrutulu (priyamaina vaarini choopinchadam, ledhaa vaari jeevitam, aasaktulu ledhaa vijayalaku sambandhinchina edainaa itara chitram) konnisaarlu ippudu mruduvaina raathi uparitalaalapai chekkabadataayi.
konni thala raallu raatilo amarchina tella lohamto chesina aksharaalanu upayogistaayi, idhi chadavadaaniki sulabham, conny iv ledhaa manchu valla debbatintundi. gattiga dharinchina raatipai lothaina chekkadalu aneka satabdaalugaa smasaanavaatikallo bahirgatam kaavacchu mariyu ippatikee chadavagaligeviga untaayi. charchila lopali bhaagamlo, godalapai ledhaa neelapai (tarachugaa balipeetaaniki veelainanta daggaragaa) amarchabadinavi chaalaa ekkuva kaalam undavachuhu ituvanti smaaraka chihnalu tarachugaa smaaraka ittaditoe alankarinchabaddaayi.
samaadhulapai bhasha mariyu/ledhaa lipi empikanu saamaajika bhasha saastravettalu bhasha empikalu mariyu bhasha vidheyataku suuchikalugaa adhyayanam chesaaru. udaaharanaku, valasa vacchina samajalu upayoginche samaadhulanu adhyayanam cheyadam dwara, konni bhashalu samajalalo "bhasha matladatam aagipoyina chaalaa kaalam tarvaata" chekkabadi unnatlu kanugonabadindi. itara sandarbhaallo, saasanamlo upayoginchina bhasha mataparamaina anubandhaanni suuchimchavachchu.
peta udyogi mathue prescott kentakeelooni louisvilleloni guha konda smasaanavaatikalo janavari 2008loe erpaatu chesina samadhi gurthu vanti marker saasanaalu raajakeeya prayojanaala kosam kooda upayoginchabaddaayi. samadhi gurthu kfc vyavasthaapakudu harland sanders samadhi sameepamlo undhi mariyu "kfc pakshulanu himsistumdi" anae acrostic sandesaanni kaligi undhi. kfc kolla patla krooramgaa untundane vaadananu prothsahinchadaaniki samuuham thana samadhi chihnanni unchindi.
roopam mariyu alankarana.
samadhi raallu pakshika vruttaakaara, gundrani, gable, pointed-vampu, pedimental, chadarapu ledhaa itara aakarapu paibhaagaalato saralamaina nitaruga unde palakalu kaavacchu. 18va sataabdamloo, vaatini tarachugaa purrelu ledhaa rekkala purrelu, rekkala kerub talalu, swargapu kireetaalu ledhaa samadhi yokka picks mariyu paralu vanti "memento mori" (maranam yokka sanketha reminderlu) thoo alankarinchevaaru. paatha tandri kaalam, ledhaa vaanijyam ledhaa hodha chihnalu, ledhaa maraninchina vaari jeevitamlooni konni sanghatanalu (mukhyamgaa vaaru elaa maraninchaaru) vanti marinta vistrutamaina roopaka bommalu kontha asaadhaaranamainavi. pedda samadhi chaatiilu, asalu avasheshaalu diguva bhoomilo unnatlugaa tappudu savapetikalu ledhaa chinna cope chesina chaatiilanu saadhaaranamgaa oke kutumbaaniki chendina aneka mandhi sabhyulanu smarinchukune saadhanamgaa kuleenulu upayoginchevaaru. 19va sataabdamloo, thala raayi sailulu chaalaa vaividhyamgaa marai, saadaa nundi atyanta alankarinchabadina varaku, mariyu tarachugaa saampradaaya slabku bhinnamgaa bays ledhaa itara akaaraalapai siluvalanu upayoginchadam. eee samayaniki prajaadarana pondina namuunaalu rekkala talalu mariyu purrelu vanti marana chihnala nundi kalasaalu mariyu villo chetlaku marai. 1800laloe samyukta rashtraalalo palarayi samadhi padaarthamgaa kooda baga prachuryam pondindi. siluvalu ledhaa devullu vanti marinta vistrutamgaa chekkina gurtulu kooda eee samayamlo prachuryam pondaayi. konnisaarlu gaaju chippinglatho nindina saadhaarana kaalibaatalu 20va sataabdam madhyalo prachuryam pondaayi.
islaamik thala raallu saampradayakamgaa deerghachaturasraakaara nitaruga unde shaft, tarachugaa talapaagaa chihnamgaa chekkina paie toduguto agrasthaanamlo untaayi; conny paaschaatya deshaalalo ekkuva sthaanika sailulu tarachugaa upayoginchabadataayi.
konni rakaala saadhaarana alankaranalanu upayoginchavacchu. samadhi raallapai pratyeka chihnalu aneka vishwaasaalalo suparichitamaina itivruttaalanu suuchistaayi. konni udaaharanalu
greeku aksharaalanu kooda upayoginchavachhuh
bhadrata.
kalakramena oka thala raayi sthirapadavachu ledhaa daani sthireekaranalu balaheenapadavachhu. pramaadakaramaina paristhitulalo asthira raallu padipoyina aneka sandarbhaala taruvaata, kontamandi khananam adhikarulu sthirathvaanni tanikhi cheyadaaniki balamaina ottidi dwara thala raallanu "padagodutaaru". appudu vaaru vaatini tape cheyavachu ledhaa chadunaina cheyavachu.
eee vidhanam UKloe vivadaspadamga niroopinchabadindi, ikkada sandarsakulanu rakshinche baadhyata yokka baadhyata sanklishtamgaa untundi, endukante dheeniki tarachugaa pramaadakaramaina markerpy etuvanti yajamanya hakkulu undavu. pareeksha samayamlo raallanu kottina ledhaa ekapakshamgaa ettivesi, edainaa pramaadakaramaina raallanu neelamattam chesina adhikarulu vimarsinchabaddaaru, dukkistunna bandhuvulu vaari bandhuvu yokka gurtunu taralinchinatlu kanugonna taruvaata. 2007 nundi sthira nyayasthaanam mariyu sthaanika adhikara maargadarsakatvam ippudu padagotte pareekshalo upayoginche balaganni parimitam chestundi mariyu raayini kadilinche mundu bandhuvulanu sampradinchadaaniki adhikaram avasaram. adanamgaa, oka raathi flat vaeyadaaniki mundu, daanini bhavishyat kosam namodu cheyali.

