
paalgonevaaru

bhaashaashaastramlo, oka palgone (; abr. ) anedi kriyalu mariyu visaeshanhaalu rendinti yokka konni lakshanaalu mariyu vidhulanu kaligi unna anantamaina kriya roopam. marinta irukaina, "participle" anedi "oka kriya nundi udbhavinchina padam mariyu" navvutunna mukham "loe vale visaeshanhamgaa upayoginchabadutundi" anie nirvachinchabadindi.
"participle" anedi greeku mariyu latin nundi vacchina saampradaaya vyaakarana padam, idhi european bhaashalalo sambandhita kriya roopaalaku mariyu samskrutam mariyu arabic vyaakaranamlo saaruupya roopaalaku vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadutundi. mukhyamgaa, greeku mariyu latin bhagalu lingam, sankhya mariyu cases kosam prabhaavitamavutaayi, conny kaalam mariyu vois kosam kooda samyogam cheyabadataayi mariyu puurvasthiti mariyu kriyaavisheshanha maarpulanu teesukovachhu.
cross-linguisticga, participles visaeshanha savaranatho paatu aneka vidhulanu kaligi undavacchu. european mariyu bharatiya bhaashalalo, gatha bhagaswamyanni nishkriyaatmaka swaraanni roopondinchadaaniki upayogistaaru. aanglamlo, paalgonevaaru periphrastic kriya roopaalatho (nirantara mariyu paripuurna) kooda sambandham kaligi untaaru mariyu kriyaavisheshanha upavakyalalo vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadataru. indo-european kaani bhaashalalo, pratyamnaayamgaa converbes (krinda syronic chudandi), jerunds, gerundives, atikramanalu mariyu puuraka upavakyalalo naamamaatrapu kriyalaga pariganinchabade roopaalaku 'participle' vartinchabadutundi. phalitamgaa, 'participles' vistrutamaina vaakyanirmaana nirmaanaalatoo mudipadi unnaayi.
vyutpatti.
participle" anae padam shaastreeya latin nundi vachindi, 'bhagaswamyam, bhagaswamyam' nundi, endukante idhi kriyalu, visaeshanhaalu mariyu kriyaavishaeshanhaala yokka konni lakshanaalanu panchukuntundi. latin vyaakarana padam greeku vyaakarana padam metoche, 'bhagaswamyam, palgone' nundi vachindi.
bhasha padam, "gatha palgone", daani bhaagaswaamya roopam aadhaaramgaa sumaru 1798 loe roopondinchabadindi, dheeni padanirmaana shaastram puurva kriyala yokka saadhaarana roopaaniki samanam. prastuta palgone" anae padaanni vyaakarana vyatyaasaalanu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki 1864 loe modatisaarigaa upayoginchaaru. paina perkonna bhaagaalato anubandhinchabadinatlugaa "gatam" mariyu "vartamaanam" yokka vargeekarana upayogam unnappatikee, vaati sambandhita ardha upayogam, avi nirmanatmakamga elaa militam cheyabadatayo batti, yea amsamtho sambandham lekunda, yea kaalanni ayina suuchimchavachchu.
roopaalu.
konni bhashalu vistrutamaina bhaagaswaamya vyavasthalanu kaligi unnaayi, conny aanglamlo rendu bhaagaswaamya roopaalu matrame unnaayi, veetini saadhaaranamgaa pilustaaruh
konni vyaakaranaalu tarachugaa nishkriyaatmaka swaramtho sambandham unna "nishkriyaatmaka bhagaswamyalu" mariyu tarachugaa e thoo sambandham unna "kriyaaseela bhagaswamyalu" nuu marinta vaeru chestaayi.zii. prastuta pragatiseela kaalam, conny atuvanti bhasha bhedaalu saarvatrika praatipadikana gurtinchabadavu ledhaa upayoginchabadavu.
rakalu.
paartisipulsnu visaeshanhamgaa upayoginchavacchu (i.ii. canonical kriyala lakshanaalu lekunda) "aapaadinchabadina visaeshanhaalu" gaa. appudu avi canonical kriyalaku vilakshanhamaina object compliments ledhaa modifierlanu teesukovu, conny avi "chaalaa" ledhaa "koddigaa" vanti kriyaavishaeshanhaala dwara savarinchagalavu. eee krindi udaaharanalu eee vyatyaasaanni vivaristaayih
modati vaakyamlo "aasaktikaramaina" anedi "atanni" anae vastuvunu teesukune anantam kaani kriyaga parivartana chendutundi, tadwara "aasaktikaramaina atanni" anae padabandhaanni yerparustundi, idhi "vishayam" nuu savarinche visaeshanha padabandhaanni kaligi untundi. rendava vaakyamlo "aasaktikaramaina" vidhulu parivartana rahitamgaa panicheestaayi; badulugaa idhi "chaalaa" ledhaa "chaalaa" (ledhaa "ann-" vanti upasarga) vanti saadhaarana kriyaavishaeshanhaala dwara savarinchagala puurvabhaava visaeshanhamgaa panichestundi. ilanti udaaharanalu "aasaktigala" prajalu "," bhayapadina "kundelu", "padipoyina" aakulu "," maamsam tine "jantuvulu.
konni bhashalu visaeshanha bhagalu mariyu kriyaavisheshanha bhaagaalanu vaeru chestaayi. oka kriyaavisheshanha bhagaswamyamu (ledhaa atuvanti bhagaswamyamu aadhaaramgaa bhaagaswaamya padabandham/nibandhana) adhi kanipinche vaakyamlo kriyaavisheshanha (kriyaavisheshanha padabandham) paatranu poeshistumdi, ayithe visaeshanha bhagaswamyamu (ledhaa oka bhaagaswaamya padabandham/nibandhana aadhaaramgaa) visaeshanha padabandham paatranu poeshistumdi. ituvanti bhaashalalo russian mariyu itara slavic bhashalu, hangerian mariyu adhunaatana bhaagaswaamya vyavasthanu kaligi unna syrenic vanti aneka eskimo bhashalu unnaayi. vivaraalanu diguva vibhagalalo ledhaa nirdishta bhashala vyaakaranaalapai vyasalalo chudavachu.
veetini elaa pariganistaaro vyaakarana vivaranalu maarutuu untaayi. konni vivaranaatmaka vyaakaranaalu atuvanti kriyaavisheshanha mariyu visaeshanha bhaagaalanu vibhina lexical vargaluga pariganistaayi, marikonni vaatini oke vargamlo palgontayi. konni bhaashalalo kriyaavisheshanha bhaagaalanu converbes, jerunds ledhaa gerundives anie pilustaaru (idhi saadhaaranamgaa aanglam ledhaa latin bhashalaku vartinche "jerund" ledhaa "jerundive" anae padaala ardhaalaku anugunamgaa laenappatikee), ledhaa atikramanalu.
tens.
konni vyaakarana kaalalu ledhaa vyaakarana amsaalanu roopondinchadaaniki tarachugaa bhagalu upayoginchabadataayi. aadhunika aanglamlo rendu rakaala paalgonevaarini varusaga prastuta paalgonevaaru mariyu gatha paalgonevaaru anie pilustaaru (tarachugaa "-ing roopam" mariyu "-edd/- enn roopam" anie kooda pilustaaru). saampradaaya padaalu tappudova pattinchevi endukante paalgonevaaru tappanisarigaa kaalaaniki anugunamgaa undaruh prastuta paalgonevaaru tarachugaa pragatiseela (nirantara) amsamtho sambandham kaligi untaaru, ayithe gatha paalgonevaaru khachitamaina amsam ledhaa nishkriyaatmaka swaramtho mudipadi untaaru. krinda unna udaaharanalanu chudandi
modati vaakyam bhoothakaalamlo ("undevi") undhi, conny prastuta paalgonevaaru pragatiseela amsaanni ("nilabadandi") vyaktam chestaaru. rendava vaakyam future tens ("will") loe undhi, conny paripuurna amsam ("subhram chesaru") kosam gatha bhagaswamy upayoginchabadutundi.
swaram.
paalgonevaarini oka nirdishta swaramtho kooda gurtinchavachhuh kriyaaseela ledhaa nishkriyaatmaka. konni bhashalu (latin mariyu russian vantivi) kriyaaseela mariyu nishkriyaatmaka upayogaala kosam pratyaekamaina bhaagaswaamyaalanu kaligi unnaayi. aanglamlo, prastuta paalgonevaaru tappanisarigaa kriyaaseela paalgonevaaru, mariyu gatha paalgonevaaru kriyaaseela mariyu nishkriyaatmaka upayogaalu rendintinee kaligi untaaru.
eee krindi udaaharanalu aaa bhaavanalanu vivaristaayih
indo-european bhashalu.
german bhashalu.
prarambha aanglam.
paatha aanglamlo, germanic balamaina kriyala yokka gatha bhagalu "zee-" upasargatho gurtinchabaddaayi, alaage nedu dutch mariyu german bhaashalalo atyanta balamaina mariyu balaheenamaina gatha bhagalu, mariyu tarachugaa kaandam loe acchulo maarpu dwara gurtinchabaddaayi. balaheenamaina kriyalanu mugimpu "-d" thoo, daani mundu oka appenthetic achutho ledhaa lekunda gurtinchabaddaayi. aadhunika aangla gatha bhagaswamyalu eee roopaala nundi udbhavinchaayi (madhya aanglamlo "y-" gaa maarina "ge-" upasarga ippudu poyindi-doorset mandalikam vanti konni arudaina mandalikalalo tappa, idhi "a-" roopaanni teesukuntundi).
paatha aangla prastuta bhagaswamyalu "-ende" (ledhaa "-ainde" anae padaalatoe mugimputho gurtinchabaddaayi, dheeni anantamaina padaalu "-eoin" loe mugustaayi).
madhya aanglam.
madhya aanglamlo, prastuta palgone roopam praantaalalo vaividhyamgaa untundih "-ende" (nairuti, aagneya, midlands), "-ainde" (nairuti, aagneya), "-mariyu" (uttara), "-ainge" (aagneya). chivaridi praamaanikamainadi, idhi shabda namavachakalanu roopondinchadaaniki upayoginche "-ing" pratyayamtho kalisi vastundi. -ing" (vyutpatti) chudandi.
aadhunika aanglam.
aadhunika aanglamlo daani paalgonevaariki rendu saampradaaya padaalu unnaih
adanamgaa, "puurti cheyadam", "cheyadam", "cheyadam", "cheyadam", "cheyadam" vanti vividha sammelana bhagalu yerpadavachhu.
palgone erpaatu vivaraalanu aangla kriyalu mariyu aangla kramarahita kriyala jabita krinda chudavachu.
vaati nundi erpadina participles ledhaa participial frages (clauses) eee krindi vidhamgaa upayoginchabadataayih
1. aapaadimpu konamlo upayoginche visaeshanhamgaah
adanamgaa, visaeshanhamgaa aapaadinchabadina ardhaanni vyakteekarinchae bhaagaalanu "aasaktikaramgaa" mariyu "utsaahamgaa" vanti kriyaavishaeshanhaalanu roopondinchadaaniki atikinchavacchu.
2. post positive padabandhaalalo. ivi tarachugaa tagginchina saapeksha nibandhanaga panicheestaayani pariganistaaruh
3. oka kriyaavisheshanha padabandhamlo. eee krindi vaatilo, vishayam pradhana nibandhana maadirigaane untundani ardham avtundi
vaerae subjectutho, palgonevari mundu unchabadindih
marinta saadhaaranamgaa oka claz ledhaa vaakya savaranagaah 
4. periphrastic kriya kaalaalanu roopondinchadaaniki participles upayoginchabadataayih
prastuta paalgonevaaru sahayaka kriya "be" thoo pragatiseela amsaanni yerparustaaruh 
gatha bhagaswamyamu sahayaka kriya "kaligi" thoo khachitamaina amsaanni erparustundihi 
5. gatha bhagaswamyanni nishkriyaatmaka swaraanni roopondinchadaaniki upayogistaaruh 
atuvanti nishkriyaatmaka bhagalu visaeshanha padabandhamlo kanipinchavacchuhu 
kriyaavishaeshanhamgaah 
mariyu oka namavachaka sampoorna nirmaanamloo, oka amsamtoeh 
oka sthira kriyanu puurti chese gatha bhagaswamyanni gamaninchandi (udhaa.zii.," jatacheyabadina "ledhaa" "padipoyina" "maa sahacharulu) oka nishkriyaatmaka vois nirmaanamloo nishkriyaatmaka bhagaswamyamga maarutundi.
6. oka gerand gaa. jerund saampradayakamgaa prastuta paalgonevaariki bhinnamgaa pariganinchabadutundi. oka jerund tatkalikamga panichestundi (udhaa.zii., naaku" ice cream tinadam ") ledhaa antaraayamgaa (udhaa.zii., naaku" "eetha kottadam" "ishtam). rendu sandarbhaallo, oka jerund visaeshanhamgaa ledhaa kriyaavisheshanamgaa kakunda namamatramga panichestundi-oka vastuvugaa (udhaa.zii., naaku" nidrapovadam "ishtam) ledhaa oka amsamgaa (udhaa.zii.nidrapovadam" anumatinchabadadu "). gerands" mariyu "prastuta bhagalu" padanirmaanaparamgaa okela unnappatikee, vaati vyaakarana vidhulu gananeeyamgaa bhinnamgaa untaayi.
nome chomsky thana prasiddha udaaharanalo etthi chuupinatlugaa, konnisaarlu vaati padanirmaana saaruupyata sandarbhochita aspashtatanu srushtistundihi
vimanam eguravese abhyasam pramaadakaramainadi" anae ardham vachinappudu, "egurutuu" anedi jerundgaa panichestundi; pramaadam "egurutunna vimanalu" ledhaa "egurutunnappudu vimanalu" (i.ii.grounded plains") kuu viruddhamgaa, "flying" anedi participulga visaeshanhamgaa upayoginchabadutondi. -ing" kriya roopam yokka eee upayogaala madhya vyatyaasaala gurinchi marinta telusukovadaaniki, "-ing": upayogaalu chudandi.
aanglamlo paalgonevaaru mariyu kriyala yokka itara bhagala upayogaalapai marinni vivaraala kosam, prastuta paalgonevaaru mariyu gatha paalgonevaaru vibhaagaalato sahaa aangla kriya roopaala upayogaalanu chudandi.
eee krindi pattika aanglamlo palgonevari yokka konni upayogaalanu sangrahistundihi
scandinavian bhashalu.
anni scandinavian bhaashalalo gatha paalgonevaaru naamavaachakamto kontavaraku ekibhavinchali. scandinavian bhaashalannintikii sankhyaaparamaina naamavaachakamto tappanisari oppandam undhi. ninorsk mariyu swedish sankhya mariyu lingam rendintiloonuu tappanisari oppandaanni kaligi unnaayi. islandic mariyu forroise sankhya, lingam mariyu kesulalo ekaabhipraayam kaligi unnaaru. paripuurna (ledhaa "nidraanamaina") amsam kosam upayoginche kriya roopam saadhaaranamgaa anni kriyalaku gatha bhaagaswaamya namavachaka tatastha ekavachana roopamtho samanamga untundi. prastuta bhaagaswaamyaaniki etuvanti oppandam ledhu.
ninorsk loe udaaharanalu
paalgonevaaru bolled loe gurtinchabaddaaru. modati udaaharanalo prastuta paalgonevaaru untaaru mariyu taruvaati rendu udaaharanalalo gatha paalgonevaaru untaaru. prastuta palgone vaarandaruu-aande pratyayamtho mugustaaru.
norwegianlo, prastuta bhagaswamyanni kriya suuchimchina charyanu chese avakaasam ledhaa soulabhyaanni soochinche visaeshanhaalu ledhaa kriyaavishaeshanhaalanu roopondinchadaaniki upayoginchavacchu. udaaharanakuh
eee nirmaanam ninorsklo anumatinchabadutundi, conny bokmallo kaadu, ikkada badulugaa "-arhata" ledhaa "-baar" vanti pratyayaalanu upayogistaaru.
latin mariyu srungaara bhashalu.
latin.
airopalo latin vyaakaranam vandala samvatsaraalugaa adhyayanam cheyabadindi, mukhyamgaa 4va sataabdapu guruvu alius donatus raasina handbook, mariyu palgonevari paeru mariyu bhavana latin nundi vachindi. donatus prakaram laatinlo naalugu bhagalu unnaayi, eee krindi vidhamgaah
ayithe, aneka aadhunika latin vyaakaranaalu jerundivnu prasangamlo pratyeka bhaagamgaa pariganistaayi.
paripuurna bhagaswamyamu saadhaaranamgaa ardhamlo nishkriyamgaa untundi, anduvalla pradhanamgaa parivartana kriyala nundi erpadutundi, udaaharanaku "fractus" "viriginadi", "missus" (evarainaa pampinadi) ". ayithe, konni kriyalu (deponent kriyalu anie pilustaaru) kriyaaseela ardhamlo khachitamaina bhagaswamyanni kaligi untaayi, udhaa.zii. "profectus" "bayaludaeradam", "hortatus" "prothsahinchadam" modalainavi ". prastuta mariyu bhavishyat paalgonevaaru ellappuduu churukuga untaaru, jerundive saadhaaranamgaa nishkriyamgaa untundi.
endukante participle anedi oka visaeshanhamtoe paatu oka kriya, itara latin visaeshanhaala maadirigaane daani mugimpu adhi vivarinche namavachakam prakaram maarutundi. kabatti namavachakam pullingamga unnappudu, paalgonevaaru pullingamga undaali; namavachakam accusative (object) kesulo unnappudu, paalgonevaaru kooda accusative kesulo untaaru; namavachakam bahuvachana mugimpulanu kaligi unnappudu, paalgonevaariki bahuvachana mugimpulu kooda untaayi. anduvalla "fractus" "virigina" vanti saadhaarana bhagaswamyanni daani lingam, sankhya mariyu kesu prakaram "fracta", "fractum", "fracti", "fracto" mariyu modalaina vatiki maarchavacchu.
oka palgone vyakti visaeshanhamu vanti vivaranaatmaka ardhaanni ledhaa kriya vanti marinta dynamic ardhaanni kaligi undavacchu. anduvalla eee krindi vaakyamlo palgone "stricto" "dra" anedi kattini ("dra chesina kattitoe") vivarinchadam kante oka charyanu ("athanu thana kattini teesukunnadu" ledhaa "thana kattini geesina tarvaata") vivarinchinatlu uttamamgaa teesukobadutundihi
dynamic, verbal ardham marinta saadhaaranam, mariyu latin tarachugaa inglish oka saadhaarana kriyanu upayoginche paartisipulnu upayogistundi.
prastuta paalgonevaaru tarachugaa pradhana kriyaku hajarayye paristhitulanu vivaristaaru. oka saadhaarana udaaharana ilaa untundih
bhavishyattu mariyu paripuurna bhagaswamyamu (conny prastuta bhagaswamyamu kaadu) rendintinee "ese" anae kriya yokka vividha kaalaalato upayoginchavacchu, idhi "bhavishyattulo-gatam ledhaa paripuurna nishkriyaatmakata vanti sammelanam kaalanni cheyadaanikih
paripuurnamaina mariyu bhavishyat bhaagaswaamyaalanu paroksha prasanga upavakyalalo "ese" anae kriyatho ledhaa lekunda kooda upayoginchavachhuh
jerundive yokka upayogaala kosam, latin syntax#the jerundive chudandi.
french.
rendu praathamika bhagaswamyalu unnaih
sammelana bhagaswamyalu saadhyameh
vadukah
spanish.
spaanishlo, oka kriya yokka prastuta ledhaa kriyaaseela palgone ("participio activo" ledhaa "participio dii presente") anie pilavabadedi saampradayakamgaa "-aante,-yante" ledhaa "-yante" anae pratyayaalalo okadaanitoe erpadutundi, conny aadhunika vyaakaranam dheenini nijamaina paalgonedigaa pariganinchadu, endukante atuvanti roopaalu saadhaaranamgaa saadhaarana visaeshanhaalu ledhaa namavachakala ardhaanni kaligi untayih e.zii. "" "preminche" "ledhaa" "premikudu", "" "jeevinche" "ledhaa" "jeevinche". "
maroka bhaagaswaamya roopaanni "jerundio" anie pilustaaru, idhi (maarani) pratyayam "-aando" ledhaa "-indo" thoo mugustundi. nirantara kaalaalanu cheyadaaniki jerundiyooni "ester" ("undaali") anae kriyatho kalipi upayogistaaruh udaaharanaku, "ester hassindo" antey "cheyadam" ("hassindo" anedi "hasser" yokka "gerundeo", "cheyadam"), mariyu "seguire hassindo" antey "chestu undatam" ("seguire" anedi "konasaginchadam") vanti sambandhita nirmaanaalu unnaayi. maroka upayogam "veeno coriendo" ("athanu/aame parugettadam vachindi") mariyu "loe vii coriendo" ("neenu atanni parugettadam chushanu") vanti padabandhaalalo undhi.
gatha bhagaswamyamu ("participio pasado" ledhaa "participio pasivo") kramam tappakunda "-a" ledhaa "-ido" anae pratyayaalalo okadaanitoe erpadutundi, "-ar" loe mugise kriyalaku mariyu "-ido" "-er" ledhaa "-ir" loe mugise kriyalaku; conny konni kriyalu "-to" (e.zii. "escrito, visto, puesto"), ledhaa "-choe" (udhaa.zii. "dicho, hecho"). gatha bhagaswamyanni saadhaaranamgaa puurtayina charyanu soochinche visaeshanhamgaa upayogistaaru, eee sandarbhamlo lingam mariyu sankhyanu batti daani mugimpu maarutundi. itara samayaallo sammelana kaalaalanu roopondinchadaaniki upayogistaaruh prastuta paripuurna, gatha paripuurna (konnisaarlu "plusquamperfecto" gaa suuchistaaru), mariyu bhavishyat paripuurna, eee sandarbhamlo idhi anischitamainadi. konni udaaharanalu
visaeshanhamgaa ("escritas" anae namavachakam "laas cartas" thoo lingamlo elaa angeekaristundo gamaninchandi):
sammelana kaalaalanu roopondinchadaanikih
hellenic bhashalu.
puraatana greeku.
praacheena greeku bhaashalooni paalgonevaaru visaeshanhaalu mariyu kriyala lakshanaalalo bhaagaswaamulu avutaaru. oka visaeshanhamgaa, idhi lingam, kesu mariyu sankhya kosam roopaanni maarustundi. oka kriya vale, idhi kaalam mariyu swaraanni kaligi untundi, kriyaavishaeshanhaala dwara savarinchabadutundi mariyu oka vastuvutoe sahaa kriya vaadanalanu teesukovachhu. puraatana greeku bhaashalo paalgonevaaru chaalaa mandhi unnaru lopabhooyishtamaina kriyalo padhi paalgonevaaru untaaru.
prati amsam (prastuta, iorist, paripuurna, bhavishyattu) mariyu vois (kriyaaseela, madhya, nishkriyaatmaka) kalayikaku palgone oka roopam untundi. anni bhagaswamyalu vaati parimita roopaalapai aadharapadi untaayi. nepathya mariyu ganita kriya kosam purusha namavachaka ekavachana roopaalu ikkada unnaih
oka visaeshanhamgaa, idhi oka namavachakanni savarinchagaladu mariyu oka aalochananu marokadaanilo ponduparachadaaniki upayoginchavacchu.
udaaharanalo, bhaagaswaamya padabandham "tone yuu strategisonta", aksharala "manchi general kaabotunnadi", pradhana kriyalo "yuu strataguacy" "athanu manchi general avtadu" anae aalochananu ponduparachadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi.
praacheena greeku bhaashalo, mukhyamgaa gadyamlo, participle chaalaa vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadutundi.
indo-aryan bhashalu.
hindhi mariyu urdoo.
hindhi mariyu urduuloo rendu rakaala bhagalu unnaayi (kalisi hinduusthaanii anie pilustaaru), kaaraka bhagalu, moukhika amsaanni gurtinchani kaaraka bhagalu. diguva pattika hinduusthaaneeloo unna vividha bhaagaalanu prastaavistundi, "φ" anedi kriya muulaanni suuchistumdi. kaaraka paalgonevaaru "undaali" anae kriyatho paatu vaari taruvaata marikonni kopulaalanu teesukovachhu. aaa copular kriyalu rehna "undataaniki", aanaa "raavadaaniki, jaanaa" velladaaniki "."
samskrutam.
puraatana greeku maadirigaane, samskrutamlo kooda vistruta shreni paalgonevaaru unnaaru.
seltic bhashalu.
carnush.
cornish bhaashalo, aangla bhashaku samaanamaina prastuta bhaagaswaamya nirmaanam, e anae shabda naamavaachakamto "ow" (acchula mundu "owth") nuu upayoginchadam dwara erpadutundi.zii. "yamaa yaan denne oo hortin" ("aaa vyakti navvutunnadu"), mariyu "denne oo hortin" ("oka navvutunna vyakti"). breton laaga conny velsh laaga kakunda, cornish kooda moukhika visaeshanhaalanu kaligi undhi, ivi aangla gatha bhagaswamyalu, udhaa.zii. "dehen mollis" ("" gaddakattina cream ""), shabda namavachakam "" molaa "" nundi gaddakattadam varaku ".
velsh.
velshlo, kriyaaseela swaramlo palgonevari prabhavam "yann" dwara nirminchabadutundi, taruvaata kriya-namavachakam (prastuta palgonevari kosam) mariyu "vaedi" taruvaata kriya-namavachakam (gatha palgonevari kosam) untundi. yea sandarbhamloonuu mutation undadu. nishkriyaatmaka swaramlo, paalgonevaaru saadhaaranamgaa "vedi cale eee/yuu" ("athani/aame/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari/vaari...) aadhunika velshlo mariyu saahitya velshlo vyaktigata roopam dwara.
slavic bhashalu.
palish.
participle kosam polish padam "imizlov" (pl.: "imaislovi"). rendu taragatulalo naalugu rakaala "imislovi" unnaih
visaeshanha palgone ("imislov prijimotnikovi"):
kriyaavisheshanha palgone ("imislov prjislovokovi"):
visaeshanhaalu mariyu kriyaavisheshanha bhagala madhya vyatyaasam kaaranamgaa, paalishlo eee padam yokka shaastreeya aangla ardhamlo velaadutunna bhagaswamyanni cheyadam aacharanatmakamgaa asadhyam. udaaharanaku, vaakyamlo
ii" ledhaa "vaaru" almaralo dachukunnara anedi aspashtamgaa undhi. palish bhaashalo spashtamaina vyatyaasam undih
russian.
kriyah slashat [sll.θɐtj] (vinadaniki, asampoorna amsam)
kriyah услысhath [уːːslɑː.θɐtj] (vinadaniki, paripuurnamaina amsam)
paripuurna kriyala nundi erpadina bhavishyat bhagalu praamaanika bhaashalo bhaagamgaa pariganinchabadavu.
bulgarian.
participles anevi kriyala nundi erpadina visaeshanhaalu. vividha rakalu unnaih
kriyah pravya [praavja] (cheyadam, asampoorna amsam):
kriyah napravya [napravja] (cheyadam, paripuurna amsam):
macedonian.
itara slavic bhashala maadirigaa kakunda, macedonian saadhaarana slavic bhagaswamyanni puurtigaa kolpoyindi ledhaa maarchindi. eee krindi amsaalanu gamaninchavacchuhu
baltic bhashalu.
lithuvanian.
indo-european bhaashalalo, lithuvanian bhasha kriya yokka padnaalugu ververu bhaagaswaamya roopaalanu kaligi undataaniki pratyekamainadi, veetini kaalam dwara parivartananu lekkinchetappudu aiduga vargeekarinchavachhu. veetilo konni lingam mariyu kesu dwara kooda prabhaavitamavutaayi. udaaharanaku, "iti" ("velladam, nadavadam") anae kriyalo kriyaaseela bhaagaswaamya roopaalu "inance/inantis" ("velladam, nadavadam", prastuta kaalam), "εjès" (gatha kaalam), "ics" (bhavishyat kaalam), "eedavs" (gatha tarachugaa vachhe kaalam), nishkriyaatmaka bhaagaswaamya roopaalu "ainamas" ("nadavadam", vartamaana kaalam), "eetaas" ("nadichindi" gatha kaalam), "isemas" (bhavishyat kaalam), kriyaavisheshanha bhagalu "inant" ("athanu, vaerae vishayam) nadustunnappudu" vartamaana kaalam "," ijas "(gatha kaalam)," iceant "(bhavishyat kaalam)," eedavs "(gatha kaalam)," semee-paart-tens "(tarachugaa gatha kaalam)," eedavs "(gatha kaalam)," nadavadam "(velladam)," [velladam "," [velladam "," nadavadam "(bhavishyat kaalam), adhe vishayam". kriyaaseela mariyu nishkriyaatmaka bhagalu mariyu pakshika bhagalu lingam dwara prabhaavitamavutaayi mariyu kriyaaseela, nishkriyaatmaka mariyu avasara bhagalu sandarbham dwara prabhaavitamavutaayi.
semitic bhashalu.
arabic.
arabic kriyaku rendu bhagalu unnaih kriyaaseela bhagaswamyamu ("Âism al-fāʼil" asm αlfaaal) mariyu nishkriyaatmaka bhagaswamyamu ("Âism al-Mafʼl" asm αlfāul), mariyu kriya yokka nighantuvu roopaanni tanikhi cheyadam dwara bhaagaswaamya roopam oohinchadaginadi. eee bhagaswamyalu lingam, sankhya mariyu kesu kosam pratibimbistaayi, conny vyakti kaadu. arabic bhagalu vaakyanirmaanamlo vividha margallo upayoginchabadataayih namavachakalaga, visaeshanhaalugaa ledhaa kriyalaga kooda. vaati upayogaalu arabic rakaalalo maarutuu untaayi. saadhaaranamgaa kriyaaseela bhagaswamy adhi udbhavinchina kriya yokka vaakyanirmaana vishayam yokka lakshanaanni vivaristundi, ayithe nishkriyaatmaka bhagaswamyalu vastuvunu vivaristaayi. udaaharanaku, κτβ "kataba" anae kriya nundi, kriyaaseela paalgonevaaru "katib" katab mariyu nishkriyaatmaka paalgonevaaru "maktab" maktab. ivi dadapuga varusaga "rayadam" mariyu "vrayadam" anie anuvadinchabadataayi. ayithe, avi ververu, utpanna lexical upayogaalanu kaligi unnaayi. kathb" "kathb" "nuu" "rachayita" "," rachayita "" mariyu maktab "" maktab "" nuu "" aksharam "" gaa marinta lexicalize chesaaru ".
shaastreeya arabiclo, paalgonevaaru vaari aangla sahacharula maadirigaane sahayaka padaalatoe shabda nirmaanaalalo paalgonaru mariyu arudugaa oka vaakyamlo shabda ardhaanni teesukuntaaru (chalana kriyala nundi udbhavinchina bhagalu alaage khurran arabiclo paalgonevaaru). ayithe, arabic yokka konni mandalikalalo, paalgonevaariki, mukhyamgaa churukaina paalgonevaariki, vaakyamlo shabda shakti undatam chaalaa saadhaaranam. udaaharanaku, levant yokka mandalikalalo, kriyaaseela palgonedi anedi vaakyanirmaana vishayam yokka sthithini vivarinche oka nirmaanam, idhi adhi udbhavinchina kriya yokka charya jarigina tarvaata. "aakal", "aakala" ("tinadam") yokka kriyaaseela bhagaswamy, edainaa tinna tarvaata okari sthithini vivaristundi. anduvalla, dheenini aangla vartamaana paripuurnatatoe saaruupya maargamlo upayoginchavacchu (udaaharanaku, "aanaa" anaa akl antey "neenu tinnaanu", "neenu ippude tinnaanu" ledhaa "neenu ippatike tinnaanu"). raa" raa ("velladam") vanti itara kriyalu oka participle ("raa" raay "raay) nuu istayi, idhi pragatiseela (" velutondi ") kaligi untundi...") anie ardham. anduvalla, palgonevari khachitamaina kaalam ledhaa konasagimpu nirdishta kriya yokka swabhaavam (mukhyamgaa daani lexical amsam mariyu daani parivartanaseelata) mariyu uchchaarana yokka vaakyanirmaana/ardha sandarbham dwara nirnayinchabadutundi. vaarandarinii okadaanitoe okati anusandhaaninche vishayam emitante, vaaru udbhavinchina kriya yokka amsaanni vivaristaaru. konni mandalikalalo nishkriyaatmaka bhaagaswaamyaalanu oka vidhamaina nishkriyaatmaka swaramgaa upayoginchavacchu, conny chaalaa tarachugaa, vaatini vaati vividha lexicalised indriyaalalo visaeshanhaalu ledhaa namavachakalaga upayogistaaru.
hebru.
arabic maadirigaane, hebru rendu rakaala bhaagaswaamyaalanu kaligi untundi (βινονι "bēnónī"): kriyaaseela bhagaswamyamu (βινονι φοελ "bénóní pʼ 'ēl") mariyu nishkriyaatmaka bhagaswamyamu (βινονι φολ "bénóní pā' ül"). eee bhagaswamyalu lingam mariyu sankhya kosam pratibimbistaayi, conny arabic maadirigaa kakunda, kesu kaadu. kriyaaseela paalgonevaaru prastuta kaalamlooni kriya, namavachakam mariyu visaeshanhamu vanti vividha vaakyanirmaana paatralanu teesukuntaaru.
hebru gatha kaalamlo "undaali" (höiöh) "haya" anae kriya yokka vaakyanirmaana nirmaanaanni kaligi undhi, mariyu aanglamlo gatha pragatiseela kaalaaniki sambandhinchina kriyaaseela bhagaswamyanni kaligi undhi. udaaharanaku, abadati "avadti" anae padaaniki "neenu pani chesaanu" anie ardham, mariyu hiti avada "hayati ovad" antey "neenu pani chestunnanu" anie ardham. eee vaakyanirmaana nirmaanam yokka maroka upayogam aanglamlo "vaadina" kuu samanam. udaaharanaku, david bildotoo hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay baba rae hay baba rae hay baba rae hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay hay
finno-ugric bhashalu.
finnish.
finnish vividha ardhaalanu teliyajeyadaaniki aaru participles ("particippi") nuu upayogistundi. tappa (champadam) anae kriya yokka bhagala ksheenatanu pradarsinche pattika krinda undhi.
paalgonevaaru eee krindi vidhamgaa panicheestaaruh
prati bhaganni visaeshanhaalugaa upayoginchavacchu, anduvalla vaatilo konnintini namavachakalaga maarchavacchu.
hangerian.
hangerian visaeshanhaalu mariyu kriyaavisheshanha bhaagaalanu upayogistundi.
visaeshanha bhagalu ("mellenevi igenave") eee moodu rakallo okati kaavachuh
kriyaavisheshanha bhagalu ("hatajai igenev") ilaa undavachuhu
hangerian vyaakaranamlo, anantamaina padaanni kooda oka rakamaina palgone padamgaa pariganistaaru, namavachakam palgone padamgaa ("fónévi igenév") pariganinchabadutundi.
turkic bhashalu.
turkish.
paalgonevaarini "sifat-phil" (litt. visaeshanha-kriya) ledhaa turkish bhaashalo "ortac".
turkish paalgonevaaru oka kriya muulaanni mariyu oka pratyayaanni kaligi untaaru. konni bhagalu samyogam cheyabadavachhu, conny konni kakapovachhu. aanglamlo kakunda, paalgonevaaru ellappuduu vaaru nirvachistunna naamavaachakaaniki mundu untaaru.
turkish bhaashalooni aneka itara pratyayaala maadirigaane, palgone pratyayaaluu acchu samarasyam mariyu sandhi prakaram marutayi.
enimidi rakaala participle pratyayaalu unnaayi; "-enn", "-isi", "-mez", "-aarr", "-dii (k/ği)"-essec "mariyu"-mish " 
eskimo-alute bhashalu.
syronic.
antarinchipoyina eskimo-alute bhasha ayina syronic bhaashalo "kriyaavisheshanha bhagalu" mariyu "visaeshanha bhagalu" anae pratyeka samuuhaalu undevi. aanglamlo kakunda, kriyaavisheshanha bhagalu vyaktini mariyu vaari avyakta vishayaala sankhyanu pratibimbimchaelaa samyogam cheyabaddaayi; anduvalla, oka kriyaavisheshanha palgone aangla vaakyamlooni oka nibandhananu bharti cheyavachu "" i "oka marksman ayithe," i "vaalraslanu champutundi" endukante vishayam samyogam dwara soochinchabadindi.
bhashalanu nirminchaaru.
esperanto.
esperantolo aaru ververu participle samyogaalu unnaayi; gatam, vartamaanam mariyu bhavishyattu kosam kriyaaseela mariyu nishkriyaatmaka. paalgonevaaru eee krindi vidhamgaa erpadataruh
udaaharanaku, "falonta botelo" anedi padipoye ledhaa padaboye seesa. gaalilo padipotunnadi "falanta botelo". idhi neelanu taakina tarvaata, idhi falinta botelo."eee udaaharanalu kriyaaseela bhaagaswaamyaalanu upayogistaayi, conny nishkriyaatmaka bhagaswamyalu upayoginchadam okela untundi. vibhajinchaboye cake "dividota cucco". idhi vibhajinchabade prakriyaloo unnappudu, idhi "dividata cuco". kattirinchina taruvaata, idhi ippudu "dividita cucco".
eee bhaagaalanu "esty" anae kriyatho kalipi upayoginchavacchu, idhi 18 sammelana kaalaalanu (9 kriyaaseela mariyu 9 nishkriyaatmaka) yerparustundi. ayithe, idhi tvaralo sanklishtamgaa mariyu tarachugaa anavasaramgaa maarutundi, mariyu aanglam yokka kathinamaina anuvaadam avasaramainappudu matrame tarachugaa upayoginchabadutundi. dheeniki oka udaaharana "laa nabo estos instrunita", ledhaa, baaludiki bodhinchabadi untundi. eee udaaharana vaakyam bhavishyat puurva bhaagamlo untundi.
-a" kuu badulugaa "-o" anae pratyayaanni upayoginchinappudu, appudu palgone vyaktini suuchistumdi. mananto" antey tine vyakti. maninto" antey tine vyakti. manonto" antey tine vyakti. alaage, "manicito" antey tinna vyakti, "manicito" antey tintunna vyakti, mariyu "manicito" antey tintaaru.
eee niyamaalu anni parivartana kriyalaku vartistaayi. copular mariyu intransitive kriyalaku nishkriyaatmaka swaram undadu kabatti, vaati palgone roopaalu matrame churukuga untaayi.
eee aruku anadhikaarika mariyu anadhikaarika adanamgaa sharatulatho kuudina roopaala kosam bhagaswamyalu unnaayi, ivi "-unt-" mariyu "-avt-" nuu upayogistaayi. udaaharanaku, "parolunto" anedi matlade (ledhaa matlade) vyaktini suuchistumdi, mariyu "leguta libro" anedi chadavabade (ledhaa chadavabadina) pustakam. ayithe eee anadhikaarika bhaagaswaamya roopaalu aacharanalo chaalaa arudugaa upayoginchabadataayi.

