
dalby sabdam-taggimpu vyavastha

analog audeo tape recordinglo upayogam kosam dalby prayogasaalalu abhivruddhi chesina sabdam tagginche vyavasthala shrenilo dalby sabdam-taggimpu vyavastha ledhaa dalby nr okati. modatidi 1965loe recording studiola kosam oka professional broadband sabdam taggimpu vyavastha ayina "dalby eah", conny atyanta prasiddhamainadi "dalby bii" (1968loe pravesapettabadindi), idhi viniyogadaarula market kosam oka sliding byaand vyavastha, idhi casset tepulapai adhika viswasaneeyatanu aacharanatmakamgaa cheyadaaniki sahaayapadindi, idhi saapekshamgaa dhwaninche tape parimaanam mariyu vegaanni upayoginchindi. dalby 2016 natiki kotta casset dekla kosam saanketikataku licenses ivvadam nilipivesinappatiki, idhi neti varaku adhika viswasaneeyata gala stereo tape playerlu mariyu recorderlalo sarvasaadhaaranam. shabda taggimpu vyavasthalalo, "dalby eah" mariyu "dalby sr" vruttiparamaina upayogam kosam abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. "dalby bii," "sii", "mariyu" "ess" "viniyogadaarula market kosam roopondinchabaddaayi". dalby hcx kakunda, anni dalby vaeriyantlu companding dwara panichestaayih recording samayamlo dhwani yokka dynamic paridhini kudinchadam mariyu playback samayamlo daanini vistarinchadam.
vadakam.
ayaskanta tepupai signalnu record chesetappudu, nepathyamlo takkuva sthaayi sabdam untundi, idhi hissing laaga anipistundi. eee samasyaku oka parishkaram takkuva sabdam gala tapenu upayoginchadam, idhi ekkuva signal mariyu takkuva sabdaanni record chestundi. itara parishkaralu tapenu adhika vegamtho amalu cheyadam ledhaa vistruta tapenu upayoginchadam. casset tepulu modata dhwanini record chese soulabhyam kosam viswasaneeyatanu marchukovadaniki roopondinchabaddaayi, 15 ips ledhaa 71⁄2 ips tape vegam adhika viswasaneeyata kosam unnappudu, mariyu 33⁄2 ips takkuva vishwasaneeyathatho unnappudu saadhaarana plaastik shell loe unchina sekanuku 17⁄2 angulaala (ips) chaalaa nemmadigaa vegamtho nadustunna chaalaa irukaina tapenu upayoginchadam dwara. vaati irukaina tracklu mariyu nemmadigaa vegam phalitamgaa, cassetlu tape hijnu chaalaa teevramaina samasyaga chestaayi.
dalby sabdam taggimpu anedi recording samayamlo upayoginche dynamic prii-emphasis yokka oka roopam, alaage playback samayamlo upayoginche dynamic dii-emphasis yokka oka roopam, idhi signal-tuu-sabdam nishpattini meruguparachadaaniki kalisi panichestundi. signal-tuu-nais nishpatti antey signal laeni takkuva sthaayi tape naayistoe poliste music signal entha peddadi. sangeetam biggaraga unnappudu, takkuva nepathyapu hiss sthaayi gurtinchadaginadi kaadu, conny sangeetam mruduvugaa ledhaa nissabdamgaa unnappudu, vinagaligedi chaalaa varaku ledhaa annintikante sabdam. sangeetam ellappuduu biggaraga undela recording sthaayini sardubaatu chesthe, appudu takkuva sthaayi sabdam vinabadadu.
eee lakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki recording parimaanaanni penchaleru; tepulu record cheyagala garishta parimaanaanni kaligi untaayi, kabatti appatike biggaraga unna sabdaalu vakreekarinchabadataayi. asalu vishayam appatike biggaraga lenappudu matrame recording yokka vaalyuumnu penchadam, aapai playbacklo adhe mottamlo vaalyuumnu tagginchadam, tadwara signal asalu valume sthaayilaku tirigi vastundi. playback samayamlo valume tagginappudu, sabdam sthaayi adhe mottamlo taggutundi. eee praathamika bhavana, swaabhaavika sabdaanni adhigaminchadaaniki parimaanaanni penchutundi, dheenini mundastu praadhaanyata anie pilustaaru mariyu idhi aneka utpattulalo kanipistundi.
eee praathamika bhavana paina, dalby sabdam taggimpu vyavasthalu maroka merugudalanu jodistaayi. tape sabdam ekkuvagaa 1,000 heartz kante ekkuva pounahpunyaala vadda vinipistundane vaastavaanni idhi parigananaloki teesukuntundi. drum beats vanti takkuva-frequency sabdaalu tarachugaa biggaraga untaayi, kabatti konni frequencielaku matrame compandingnu vartimpajeyadam dwara, asalu signal yokka mottam vakreekarananu tagginchavachhu mariyu samasyaatmaka frequencilapy matrame drushti pettavacchu. vividha dalby utpattulaloni thedaalu avi upayoginche khachitamaina pounahpunyaala samiti mariyu prati pounahpunya byaandku vartinche asalu signal valume yokka maarpu mottamlo ekkuvagaa spashtamgaa kanipistaayi.
prati byaand lopala, mundugaa nokkicheppe mottam asalu signal valuempy aadharapadi untundi. udaaharanaku, dalby bloe, takkuva sthaayi signal 10 db penchabadutundi, ayithe "dalby sthaayi" vadda signals, + 3 vu, etuvanti signal savarananu andukovu. rendu parimitula madhya, vividha sthaayi mundastu praadhaanyata vartinchabadutundi. playback meeda, 1 kz kante ekkuva saapeksha signal bhaagam aadhaaramgaa vyatiraeka prakriya vartinchabadutundi (dii-nokkicheppabadutundi). anduvalla signal yokka eee bhaagam amplitudelo taggutunnanduna, adhika pounahpunyaalu kramamga ksheenistaayi, idhi tape meeda sthiramaina nepathya sabdam eppudu, ekkada atyanta gurtinchadaginadigaa untundi anae sthaayini kooda taggistundi.
rendu prakriyalu (mundu mariyu dii-nokkicheppadam) vaastavamgaa namodu cheyabadina programme materialku sambandhinchinantavaraku okadaanikokati raddu chesukovadaniki uddesinchabaddaayi. playback samayamlo, incoming off-tape signal mariyu sabdam meeda matrame dii-nokkicheppabadutundi. playback dii-emphasis puurtayina tarvaata, avtput signallo spashtamaina sabdam taggutundi, mariyu eee prakriya takkuva nepathya sabdam tappa vineevaariki gurtinchadagina itara prabhavanni kaliginchakudadu. ayithe, sabdam tagginchakundaa playback gamaninchadagga prakaasavantamaina dhwanini utpatti chestundi.
asalu programme content yokka nammakamaina punarutpattini nirdhaarinchadaaniki recording mariyu playback circutory yokka saraina kramaankanam keelakam. paelavamaina naanhyata gala tape, muriki ledhaa tappugaa amarchina recording/playback heads ledhaa tape suutreekarana kosam anuchita pakshapaata sthaayilu/frequencini upayoginchadam, alaage record chesetappudu ledhaa nakilee chesetappudu tape vegamtho kramaankanam sulabhamgaa kalata chendutundi. signal yokka valume sthaayi maarutuu unnanduna idhi muffled-sounding playback ledhaa sabdam sthaayi yokka "swaasa" gaa vyaktamavutundi.
konni unnata sthaayi viniyogadaaru parikaraalapai, dalby kramaankanam niyantrana cherchabadutundi. recording kosam, maroka ravana loe khachitamaina playback sthaayi kramaankanam kosam dalby sthaayilo reference tone record cheyavachu. playback samayamlo, adhe record cheyabadina tone adhe avutputnu utpatti cheyali, idhi view meater (la) paie sumaru + 3 viyu vadda gurtinchabadina dalby logo dwara suuchimchabadutumdi. viniyogadaaru parikaraalalo, dalby sthaayini 200 endablueby/mea gaa nirvachinchaaru, saraina sthaayi amarika paniki sahaayapadataaniki kramaankanam tepulu andubaatulo unnaayi. 3-head tape declapy recording chesetappudu khachitamaina off-dhi-tape paryaveekshanha kosam, rendu prakriyalanu okesari upayoginchaali, mariyu dheenini saadhinchadaaniki andinchina circutrini rubric "double dalby" kinda vikrayistaaru.
dalby eah.
dalby eah-rakam sabdam taggimpu anedi dalby company yokka mottamodati sabdam taggimpu vyavastha, idhi 1965loe samarpinchabadindi. idhi professional recording studiolalo upayoginchadaaniki uddesinchabadindi, akkada idhi saadhaaranam ayyindi, adhe samayamlo multitrack recording praamaanikam ayinappudu vistrutamaina aamodam pondindi. input signalnu naalugu filterlu dwara aavartana byandluga vibhajinchaaru, prati ashtaka vaalulaku 12 db, cutoff frequencylu (3 db down paayintlu) eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaih 80 heartz vadda takkuva-paas; 80 heartz nundi 3 kehechz varaku byaand-paas; 3 kehechz nundi adhika-paas; mariyu 9 kehechz vadda maroka adhika-paas. (rendu hye-paas byaandla nundi sahakaaraalanu jodinchadam valla eguva pounahpunyaalalo ekkuva sabdam taggutundi.) compander circuit −40 db parimitini kaligi untundi, 10 db kudimpu/vistaranaku 2:1 nishpattitoe untundi. rae dalby raasina mariyu audeo injaneering society (october 1967) mariyu audeo (juun/juulai 1968) prachurinchina vyasala prakaram, idhi 15 kiloj vadda saadhyamayye 15 db varaku 10 db sabdam taggimpunu andistundi.
dalby bii-rakam vyavastha maadirigaane, kudimpu mariyu vistarana prakriyala saraina saripolika mukhyam. ayaskanta tepu kosam vistarana (decoding) unit yokka kramaankanam 185 endablueby/mea fluxes sthaayini upayogistundi, idhi ampex nundi parisrama kramaankanam tepulalo upayoginche sthaayi; idhi tape recorder playbacklo 0 vu mariyu sabdam taggimpu unitlo dalby sthaayiki sett cheyabadindi. record (kudimpu ledhaa encoding) modlo, sabdam taggimpu unit lopala utpatti cheyabadina oka lakshana tone (dalby tone) tape recorderlo 0 vu mariyu tapelo 185 endablueby/mea kuu sett cheyabadutundi.
dalby eah-rakam vyavastha chalana chitraala kosam optical sabdamlo sabdam tagginche paddhatigaa kooda kontha upayogaanni chusindi.
dalby bii.
dalby eah taruvaata dalby bii-rakam sabdam taggimpu abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, idhi 1968loe pravesapettabadindi. idhi pradhanamgaa casset tepulatho upayogam kosam, sumaru 9 db sabdam taggimpu (eah-waited) nuu andinche oke sliding byaand vyavasthanu kaligi undhi. idhi dalby eah kante chaalaa sulabham, anduvalla viniyogadaaru utpattulalo amalu cheyadam chaalaa takkuva kharchutho kuudukunnadi. dalby bii decoder laeni parikaraalapai tirigi play chesinappudu dalby bii recordinglu aamodayogyamainavi, aneka chavakaina portable mariyu kaaru casset playerlu vantivi. decoder yokka dii-emphasis prabhavam lekunda, adhika pounahpunyaalu nokkicheppabadinanduna dhwani prakaasavantamgaa gurtinchabadutundi, chavakaina parikaraalalo "nistejamaina" adhika pounahpunya pratispandananu bharti cheyadaaniki dheenini upayoginchavacchu. ayithe, dalby bii dalby eah kante takkuva prabhaavavantamaina shabda taggimpunu andistundi, saadhaaranamgaa 3 db kante ekkuva karakam dwara.
dalby bii vyavastha sumaru 1 kilohertz nundi paiki prabhaavavantamgaa untundi; andinchina sabdam taggimpu 600 heartz vadda 3 db, 1.2 kilohertz vadda 6 db, 2.4 kilohertz vadda 8 db mariyu 5 kilohertz vadda 10 db. sabdam taggimpu byaand yokka vedalpu maarutuu untundi, endukante idhi signal yokka vyaapti mariyu frequency pampinhee rendintikee pratispandinchelaa roopondinchabadindi. anduvalla signal ("swaasa") dwara sabdam yokka vinagalige modulation kaliginchakundaa chaalaa takkuva frequencielaku gananeeyamaina mottamlo sabdam taggimpunu pondadam saadhyamavutundi.
1970la madhyakaalam nundi, konni takkuva-sthaayi parikaraalalo decoding circutory laenappatikee, vaanijyaparamgaa mundugaa record cheyabadina sangeeta cassetlalo dalby bii pramaanikamgaa maarindi, ayinappatikee idhi atuvanti parikaraalapai aamodayogyamaina playbacknu anumatistundi. chaalaa varaku mundugaa record cheyabadina cassetlu eee rakanni upayogistaayi. vhcs veediyo recorderlu leanier stereo audeo tracklapy dalby bini upayoginchaayi.
taruvaati viniyogadaarula vaividhyaalanu (dalby sii modatidi) pravesapettadaaniki mundu, dalby bii kii maddatu ichhe casset hardware mariyu daanitoe encode cheyabadina cassetlanu kevalam "dalby system", "dalby nr" ledhaa dalby chihnamtho padarahitamgaa label cheyabadevi. kotta pramaanam saapekshamgaa takkuvagaa telisina kaalamlo, dalby sii pravesapettina tarvaata kooda konni rikaardu lebullu mariyu hardware tayaareedaarulalo idhi konasaagindi.
munupati jvc casset declalo dalby bii sthaanamlo upayoginche jvc vyavastha dalby bii kii anukuulamgaa pariganinchabadutundi. jvc chivariki adhikaarika dalby bii maddatuku anukuulamgaa yans pramaanaanni vidichipettindi; konni jvc declu unnaayi, veeti sabdam-taggimpu toggles samyukta "yans/dalby bii" amarikanu kaligi untaayi.
dalby efm.
1970la praarambhamlo, efm radeo prasaralalo dalby nr saadhaaranam avtundani kondaru oohinchaaru mariyu konni tunorlu mariyu amplifierlu decoding circutrytho tayaaru cheyabaddaayi; dalby bii "paas-throo" modto konni tape recorderlu kooda unnaayi. 1971loe wfmt dalby nr thoo kaaryakramaalanu prasaram cheyadam praarambhinchindi, tvaralo daadaapu 17 stationlu sabdam taggimputoe prasaram chesaayi, conny 1974 natiki idhi appatike ksheeninchindi. dalby efm dalby bii paie aadharapadi undhi, conny sabdaanni tagginchadaaniki savarinchina 25 microsetlu prii-nokkicheppe samaya sthiraamkam mariyu frequency-selective companding amarikanu upayoginchindi.
hye com efm anae idhe vidhamaina vyavasthanu germanylo juulai 1979 mariyu december 1981 madhya irt anchanaa vesindi, mariyu 1984 varaku kshetra-pareekshinchabadindi. idhi telefunken hye com broadband compander vyavasthapai aadharapadi undhi, conny efm prasaaramlo vaanijyaparamgaa pravesapettaledu. maroka pootii vyavastha efmx, idhi cx aadhaaramgaa undedi.
aarr. emm. ess.
1980laloe maajee german prajaasvaamya ganatantramlo puurtigaa dalby bii-anukuulamaina compander abhivruddhi cheyabadindi mariyu aneka tape recorderlalo upayoginchabadindi. dheenini rms anie pilicheevaaru (nundi, anglam "sabdam tagginche vyavastha").
dalby sii.
dalby sii-rakam sabdam taggimpu 1980loe pravesapettabadindi. idhi chevi atyanta sunnitamgaa mariyu chaalaa tape hiss kendrikrutamai unna 2 kiloj nundi 8 kiloj praantamloo sumaru 15 db sabdam taggimpunu (eah-waited) andistundi. idhi rendu dalby bii vyavasthala prabhavanni kalapadam dwara nirminchabadindi-oka unnata-sthaayi dasha mariyu oka takkuva-sthaayi dasha-takkuva pounahpunyaalaku vistaranatoe. dalby bii loe vale, "sliding byaand" technic (operating frequency signal sthaayini batti maarutundi) avaanchaneeya "swaasa" nii anachiveyadaaniki sahaayapadutundi, idhi tarachugaa aneka itara sabdam tagginche paddhathulatho samasyaga untundi.
adanapu signal prosessing phalitamgaa, avasaramaina dalby sii decoding circutory laeni parikaraalapai tirigi play chesinappudu dalby sii-rakam recordinglu chaalaa adhvaannamgaa anipistaayi. playbacklo dalby bini upayoginchadam dwara eee kathinatvaanni kontavaraku tagginchavachhu, idhi adhika pounahpunyaala balaanni tagginchadaaniki upayogapadutundi.
dalby sii-rakam prosessingtho, shabda taggimpu anedi psychoacoustic-ekareeti shabda neelanu nirvahinche prayatnamlo rendu ashtapadaalu takkuva frequencytho praarambhamavutundi. 8 kiloj kante ekkuva unna praantamloo, chevi sabdam patla takkuva sunnitamgaa unna chota, pratyeka varnapata-vakrata mariyu anty-saturation netvarklu amaluloki vastaayi. eee circuitlu adhika frequencielatho takkuva frequenciela cross modulation nirodhistaayi, pedda signal transientlu unnappudu tape santruptatanu anichivestaayi mariyu casset tape vyavastha yokka samarthavanthamaina head roomnu penchutaayi. phalitamgaa, recordinglu marinta subhramgaa mariyu sphutamgaa untaayi, casset madhyamam intaku mundu laeni vidhamgaa chaalaa merugaina adhika-pounahpunya pratispandanato untaayi. manchi naanhyata gala tepto, dalby sii pratispandana 0 db recording sthaayilo 20 kiloj varaku flatga untundi, idhi gatamlo saadhinchaleni phalitam. yea-waited signal-tuu-nais nishpatti 72 db (400 heartz vadda 3 saatam retlu), etuvanti avaanchita "swaasa" prabhavalu lekunda, record cheyadaaniki kashtamaina margalapai kooda saadhyamaindi.
dalby sii modatisaarigaa 1980laloe unnata sthaayi casset declalo kanipinchindi. dalby sii thoo vaanijyaparamgaa labhinchina mottamodati casset deck naad 6150sii, idhi 1981 loe marketloki vachindi. dalby sii nuu beatacom mariyu eumatic ess pii veediyo casset formatla audeo trackla kosam professional veediyo parikaraalalo kooda upayoginchaaru. japaanlo, dalby sii thoo kuudina modati casset deck aiva nundi vacchina yaad-eff5. dalby sii thoo kuudina casset declalo venukabadina anukuulata kosam dalby bii kooda untundi, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa "dalby bii-sii nr" gaa label cheyabadataayi.
dalby sr.
1986loe pravesapettina dalby sr (spectral recording) vyavastha, samstha yokka rendava vruttiparamaina sabdam taggimpu vyavastha. idhi dalby eah kante chaalaa dookudugaa sabdam tagginche vidhanam. idhi input signal prakaram maare sanklishtamaina filterlanu upayoginchi anni samayaallo record chesina signalnu penchadaaniki prayatnistundi. phalitamgaa, dalby bii ledhaa sii kante dalby sr amalu cheyadam chaalaa khareedainadi, conny dalby sr adhika-pounahpunya paridhiloo 25 db varaku sabdam taggimpunu andinchagaladu. idhi vruttiparamaina recording parikaraalalo matrame kanipistundi.
chalana chitra parisramalo, chalanachitraala pampinhee mudranalaku sambandhinchinantavaraku, dalby eah mariyu sr gurtulu dalby surroundnu suuchistaayi, idhi kevalam sabdam tagginche paddhati matrame kaadu, murry mukhyamgaa praamaanika optical soundtracklo rendu adanapu audeo chaanellanu encode chestundi, edama, madhya, kudi mariyu surround istundi.
sr printlu paatha dalby parikaraalaku baga anukuulamgaa untaayi. dalby sr-dii marking anedi oka mudranalo analog dalby sr mariyu digital dalby digital soundtracklu rendintinee suuchistumdi.
dalby ess.
dalby ess 1989loe pravesapettabadindi. 1970laloe dalby bii maadirigaane dalby ess vaanijyaparamgaa mundugaa record chesina sangeeta cassetlalo pramaanikamgaa maaraalani uddesinchabadindi, ayithe compact casset sthaanamlo compact disk aadhipatya maas market sangeeta aakrutigaa vachinappudu idhi marketloki vachindi. saadhaarana prajalalo chaalaa mandhi sabhyulu sidi mariyu dalby ess encode casset madhya thedaanu gurtinchalekapoyarani dalby labs perkonnaayi. dalbys ekkuvagaa unnata-sthaayi audeo parikaraalalo kanipinchindi mariyu eppuduu vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadaledu.
dalby sii kante dalby ess tape ravana yantraangam nundi vachhe sabdam valla kalige playback samasyalaku chaalaa ekkuva nirodhakatanu kaligi untundi. adevidhamgaa, dalbys kooda dalby bii thoo playback anukuulatanu kaligi undani cheppabadindi, dheenilo dalbys recordingnu paatha dalby bii parikaraalapai play cheyavachu, kontha prayojanam grahinchabadutundi. idhi praathamikamgaa dalby sr yokka cutt-down version mariyu adhe sabdam taggimpu paddhatulanu upayogistundi. dalby ess takkuva pounahpunyaala vadda 10 db sabdam taggimpu mariyu adhika pounahpunyaala vadda 24 db sabdam taggimpu varaku saamarthyam kaligi untundi.
dalby hcx/hcx-proo.
ayaskanta padaartham yokka hysterisis kaaranamgaa ayaskanta tape sahajamgaa naan-leanier swabhaavam kaligi untundi. oka analog signalnu neerugaa ayaskanta tapelo record chesthe, eee naan-linearity kaaranamgaa daani punarutpatti chaalaa vakreekarinchabadutundi. dheenini adhigaminchadaaniki, bayas anie piluvabade adhika-pounahpunya sanketam, record cheyabadina signaltho kalapabadutundi, idhi signal yokka kavarunu sarala praantamloki "nettivestundi". audeo signal balamaina adhika-pounahpunya kantentnu kaligi unte (mukhyamgaa hye-topi taalaalu vanti percussion vaayidyaala nundi), idhi tape meeda ayaskanta santruptiki kaaranamayye sthiramaina pakshapaataanni penchutundi. dynamic ledhaa anukuula, pakshapaatam anedi balamaina adhika-pounahpunya sankethaala samakshamlo pakshapaata sanketaanni svayamchaalakamgaa taggistundi, tadwara adhika signal sthaayilo record cheyadam saadhyamavutundi.
asalu dalby hcx, "head room extension" kosam, 1979loe dalby prayogasaalala kenneth gandriche kanugonabadindi, mariyu daani swaabhaavika lopaala kosam parisramachae tiraskarinchabadindi. byaang & olufsen adhe disalo panini konasaaginchaaru, dheeni phalitamgaa 1981 loe jargen selmer genson patent (ipi 0046410) pondaadu. byaang & olufsen ventane dalby prayogasaalalaku hcx-proo licenses ichindi, viniyogadaarula utpattulalo upayogam kosam, vaari swantha beacard 9000 casset tape decknu rakshinchadaaniki aneka samvatsaraala praadhaanyata vyavadhini nirdesinchindi. 1980la madhya natiki dalby prayogasaalala dwara vikrayinchabadina byaang & olufsen vyavastha dalby hcx proo paerutoe parisrama pramaanamgaa maarindi.
hcx-proo recording prakriya samayamlo matrame vartistundi. tape yea tape deck meeda play cheyabadina merugaina signal-tuu-nais nishpatti andubaatulo undhi, anduvalla hcx-proo anedi dalby eah, bii, sii mariyu ess maadirigaane sabdam-taggimpu vyavastha kaadu, ayinappatikee idhi tape naan-linearityni tagginchadam dwara sabdam taggimpu encode/decode tracking khachitatvanni meruguparachadaaniki sahaayapadutundi. konni rikaardu companylu 1980la chivaralo mariyu 1990la praarambhamlo hcx-proo mundugaa record chesina casset tepulanu vidudala chesaayi.
saanketika pokadalu.
vruttiparamaina mariyu viniyogadaaru anuvartanaallo digital audeo yokka vistruta vistarana (udhaa.zii.compact disclu, music download, music streaming) analog audeo utpattini takkuva prabalamgaa chesindi, anduvalla dalby drushti meeda dalby drushtini maarchindi, ayithe dalby yokka analog sabdam taggimpu vyavasthalu ippatikee samuchita analog utpatti vaataavaranaalaloo vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadutunnaayi.

