
morgarten yuddham

morgarten yuddham 15 november 1315naa jarigindi, shwiz dalaalu, vaari yoori mariyu untervalden mitraraajyaala maddatutoe, shwiz bhuubhaagamlooni ageri sarassu odduna austriaku chendina duke leopold I aadhvaryamlo austrian sainyampai merupudaadi chesaayi.
oka chinna daggari-naalugo yuddham taruvaata, austrian sainyam odinchabadindi, aneka mandhi maraninchaaru ledhaa munigipooyaaru. swiss vijayam moodu atavee khandala leagnu ekikrutam chesindi, idhi paatha swiss samakhya yokka pradhana bhaagamgaa erpadindi.
nepathyam.
13va sataabdam chivaralo hobsburg illu gothard kanuma chuttoo unna praantaanni ishtapadindi, endukante idhi italeeki athi chinna marganni andinchindi. edemaina, 1291loe swiss samakhyanu lanchanaprayamga roopondinchina yoori, shwiz mariyu unterwalden samakhyalu, maajee hobsburg chakravartula nundi saamrajyamlo sthaanikamgaa manjuru chesina saamraajya swaatantrya lekhalanu kaligi unnaayi. 1314loe bavariaku chendina duke luis IV (luis IV, pavitra roman chakravarthy ayina) mariyu frederic dhi handom, oka hobsburg yuvaraju, prati okkaroo pavitra roman chakravarthy kiriitaanni pondinappudu hobsburg mariyu samakhyala madhya udriktatalu perigayi.
confederatelu luis IV kii maddatu icchaayi, endukante hobsburg luu tama bhoomulanu swaadheenam chesukuntaarani vaaru bhayapaddaru (idhi vaaru 13va sataabdam chivaralo cheyadaaniki prayatninchaaru). shwiz samakhyalu hobsburg-rakshita incideln abbepai daadi chesina taruvaata yuddham praarambhamaindi.
sthiranivaasulu shwiz nundi incideln perkonna bhoobhagalalo upayoginchani praantaalaku maarina taruvaata incidelntho vivaadam chelaregindi. sthiranivaasulu aadima adavulanu subhram chesi polaalu ledhaa pacchika bayallanu erpaatu chesaaru. idhi incideln mataadhipati constance vadda bishapto firyadu cheyadaaniki daariteesindi, athanu shwiznu bahishkarinchadaaniki vellaadu.
dheeniki prateekaaramgaa, verner staffatcher naayakatvamlo shwiz purushulu 1314 janavari 6 raatri incideln abbepai daadi chesaaru. vaaru mataanni dochukunnaru, abbe charchini apavitram chesaaru mariyu aneka mandhi sanyaasulanu bandeelugaa teesukunnaru. mataadhipati faficon kuu tappinchukogaligaadu, akkada nundi athanu bishapnu apramattam chesaadu. bishop ippudu yoori mariyu untervalden mariyu shwijlaku bahishkarananu vistarinchaadu.
poraatam.
frederic sodarudu, austriaku chendina hobsburg duke leopold, tirugubaatu samaakhyalanu anachiveyadaaniki pedda sainyanni nadipinchaadu. 
johannes vaan winterther yokka yuddha charitra hobsburg dalaalanu 20,000 gaa unchutundi, ayithe aaa sankhya atisayokti kaavacchu. 19va sataabdapu rudolph hanhart kathanam prakaram hobsburg sainyamlo 9,000 mandhi purushulu unnaarani, ayithe charitrakaarudu hohns delbrook 1907loe hobsburg sainyamlo kevalam 1,000 mandhi purushulu matrame unnaarani, veeru pradhanamgaa baga sikshana pondina, sannaddhamaina nites anie paerkonnaadu. dell bruck yokka anchanaanu kellie deveries angeekarinchindi.
shwiz samakhyalaku yoori mariyu untervalden samakhyalu maddatu icchaayi. 
samakhya balagam yokka parimaanam teliyadu, 1,500 nundi sumaru 3,000-4,000 varaku anchanaalu unnaayi. 
sankhyaaparamaina parigananalatho sambandham lekunda, rendu dalaala madhya pradhana vyatyaasam emitante, baga sannaddhamaina mariyu sikshana pondina madhyayuga sainyam raitulu mariyu pasuvula kaaparula merugaina sainyanni kalustondi.
15va sataabdapu swiss charitrala prakaram, simham ageri cherukunna taruvaata, shwiz paie elaa uttamamgaa daadi cheyaalo thana prabhuvulatho charchinchaadu, aneka margalu pariseelanaloo unnaayi. uttaraana nundi sattle vaipu kavaatu chestu pratyaksha vidhananni teesukoovaalani nirnayam teesukunna taruvaata, chiruta thana moorkhudu, oka quiney vaan stocken nuu thana abhiprayam adiginatlu chebutaaru. aaa moorkhudu anumanalanu vyaktam chestu, "meerandaroo aaa bhoomini elaa cherukovalo charchinchaaru, conny meelo evaruu meeru mallee elaa bayatapadataro charchinchaledu" anie chamatkarinchaadu.
uttaraana nundi daadi cheyalane thana uddeshaalanu daachadaaniki, chirutapululu mallimpulanu srushtinchadaaniki aneka chinna dalaalanu pampai. atuvanti daadi okati vaayuvya dhisha nundi daadi chestu, uttara dhisha nundi untervaldenpy daadi chestu entlebuch nundi, lucern nundi okati paschimam nundi lucern sarassu meedugaa squise meeda daadi chestu, count oto vaan strasberg aadhvaryamlo okadaanni brunig paas meedugaa obwaldenku pampaaru. morgartenlo hobsburg otami vaarta vaan strasbergku cherukunnappudu, athanu venakki tiragaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. athanu tirogamana samayamlo gayapadinatlu mariyu ventane thana gaayaalato maraninchinatlu samacharam.
konrad justinger yokka charitra prakaram, c. 1430loe, shwiz prajalanu vaari poruguvaaru, hunenberg prabhuvulu heccharinchaaru.
charmapatramtho baanaalu visirinappudu, "morgarten sameepamlo jaagratta vahinchandi" ("hootend yuch aam morgarten") anie vraasina sandesamto heccharikanu pampinatlu chebutaaru, tadwara squaz loki pravesinchadaaniki chirutapululu enchukunna marganni suuchistumdi.
eee heccharikanu sweekarinchina taruvaata, shwiz yokka purushulu, yoori mariyu untervalden yokka 600 mandhi purushula maddatutoe, satruvunu addukovadaniki hadavidiga vellaaru. oka nitaruga vaalu mariyu chittadi naela madhya oka chinna maargam vellae agareesee sarassu mariyu satel madhya, vaaru oka aakasmika daadini siddham chesaaru.
shafsetten sameepamlo rahadari addankini edurkonnappudu kavaatu sainyam maargam venta sumaru 2 kilometres kaalamlo vistarinchi undedi.
samakhyalu stambhampai daadi chesi, paie nundi raallanu visiri, aarohakulanu halbardlatho nimagnam cheyadam dwara gurralanu bhayapetti.
johannes vaan winterther (cree. sha. vrayadam) prakaram, eee daadiloo sumaru 1,500 mandhi purushulu maraninchaarani cheppabadindi. 1340), eee sankhyalo sarassulo munigipoyina vaaru laeru. carle vaan elgar prakaram, nites madhya yuddhaala acharalu teliyani samakhyalu, dalaalanu krooramgaa champesi, paaripoleni prati okkarini champesai. kontamandi padaatidalam swiss krooratvaanni edurkovadam kante sarassulo munigipovadaaniki ishtapadutundani ayana namodu chesaaru.
14va sataabdapu charitralalo yuddham gurinchi mottamodati prastaavanalu, idhi shwiz ledhaa shwiz mariyu yoori (jittou yokka peater "sweakz ett uherak" kaligi unnadu) desamlo jarigindani gurtinchaayi.
baanaalaku jatacheyabadina vraatapuurvaka heccharika sandarbhamlo konrad justinger "morgarten" paerunu namodu chesaaru. morgarten" anae paeru modata sameepamlo unna alpine pacchika bayallanu suuchistumdi (ippudu "" kli morgarten "). eee paeru "pandhi coral", "pandhi kosam aavarana" anie anuvadistundi.
ageri sarassu mariyu satel madhya unna mottam marganni ippudu morgarten anie pilustaaru, conny idhi yuddhaaniki sambandhinchinadi.
halbirds vadakam.
morgartenlo jarigina daadiloo nites kuu vyatiraekamgaa halbardlanu upayoginchadam modatisaarigaa namodu cheyabadindani suuchimchadaaniki konni aadharalu unnaayi, idhi paatha swiss samakhyaku chihnamgaa maarindi.
1350 loe laatinlo newenberg rachana yokka mathias samakhyalu upayoginche oka rakamaina dhruvamnu vivarinchadaaniki "jessa" anae padaanni upayogistundi; idhi halbard yokka prarambha roopaanni suuchistunnatlu ardham.
konrad justinger, sii loe german bhaashalo raasaaru. 1430loe halbardla vadakanni spashtamgaa utamkistuuh "swiss vaari chetullo konni atyanta bhayankaramaina hatya aayudhalanu kaligi undhi, veetini sthaanika bhaashalo" hellenbarton "anie pilustaaru, dheeni dwara uttama saayudha pratyarthulanu kooda razer bledutho mukkalu chesi mukkaluga chesaru idhi 'yuddham' kaadu, conny, perkonna kaaranaala valla, aaa parvata nivaasulu duke chirutapulula purushulanu kevalam kattirinchadam, oka manda vadhaku daariteesinatlugaa".
zaan gilmartin yokka madimpulo, "encyclopedia britanica" (2015, luu.vii. "military technology", vibhagam "padaatidala viplavam, sii. 1200-1500 "):
paryavasanalu.
yuddham jarigina oka nela lopala, december 1315loe, samakhyalu 1291loe chesina kootami pramaanaanni punaruddharinchayi, samakhyalo vruddhini praarambhinchaayi. 1316 maarchilo chakravarthy luis IV atavee khandala hakkulu mariyu adhikaaraalanu dhruvikarinchaadu. ayithe, chirutapululu samakhyaku vyatiraekamgaa maroe daadini siddham chesaayi. dheeniki pratispandanagaa, shwiz konni hobsburg bhoomulapai daadi chesi, untervalden bernies oberlandloki pravesinchaadu. yea paksham kooda okadaanikokati vyatiraekamgaa vijayam saadhinchalekapoyindi, mariyu 1318loe vivikta atavee khandaalu hobsburglatho padhi nelala sandhi charchalu jaripayi, idhi anekasaarlu podiginchabadindi. 1323 natiki atavee khandaalu bernto pottulu kudurchukunnayi, mariyu shwiz hobsburgs nundi rakshana kosam glarasto pottu kudurchukunnadu. 40 samvatsaraalalo lucern, jug mariyu jurich vanti nagaralu kooda samakhyalo cheraayi. samakhya vijayam vaariki vaastava svayampratipattini ichindi, kontakaalam paatu, 1386loe sempatch yuddham varaku konasagina hobsburglatho saantini kalpinchindi.
ghnaapakaartham.
samakhya yokka modati sainika vijayamgaa, morgarten oka mukhyamaina pradhaanamainadigaa maarindi. 
aadhunika kaalam praarambhamlo swiss deshabhakti.
yuddham yokka adhikaarika ghnaapakaartham recordulu 14va sataabdaaniki chendinavi. 
1340laloe johannes vaan winterther vaarshika ghnaapakaartham nirvahinchaalani shwiz teesukunna nirnayaanni namodu chesaaru. yuddham jarigina pradaesamloe oka praarthanaa mandiram uniki 1501loe namodu cheyabadindi.
1530loe vraasina jochim vadian, atuvanti modati praarthanaa mandiram yuddham jarigina ventane, dopidi nundi vacchina aadaayamtho nirminchabadi undavacchani suuchimchaadu. aadhunika praarthanaa mandiram 1604 naatidi.
1891loe, samakhya 600 samvatsaraala vaarshikotsava sandarbhamlo, yuddha sthalamlo kotta smaaraka chihnanni nirminchadaaniki pranaalikalu roopondinchabaddaayi.
tagina pradaesaaniki sambandhinchi kontha vivaadam undhi (kaneesam "yuddham" anedi sumaru 2 kilometres varaku vistarinchi unna kavaatu stambhampai daadi), shwiz mariyu jug yokka rendu khandaalu yuddham jarigina pradaesaanni perkonnaayi.
chivariki 1908loe jug cantonloni "haptsey" graamamlo, ageri sarassu yokka dakshina odduna oka smaaraka chihnam praarambhinchabadindi. eee sandarbhamgaa, eee graamaaniki "morgarten" (oberajeri munisipaalitiiloo bhaagam) gaa paeru marcharu. shwiz adhikarulu tama bhuubhaagam velupala yuddha sthalaanni gurtinchadaaniki niraakarinchaaru mariyu smaaraka chihnam praarambhootsavaaniki etuvanti adhikaarika praatinidhyaanni pampaledu.
1912 nundi, smaaraka chihnam sameepamlo yuddham jarigina rojuna vaarshika lakshya shooting karyakramam "morgartenschissen" nirvahinchabadindi. eee pootii 300 meterla dhooram varaku untundi. adanamgaa, 1957loe 50 meterla dhooramlo tupaki pootii pravesapettabadindi, idhi yuddha praarthanaa mandiram sameepamlo shwiz bhoobhaagamlo jarigindi.
1915loe yuddhaaniki 600 samvatsaraala vaarshikotsavam sandarbhamgaa chappel mariyu smaaraka chihnamlo rendu pradaesaalaloo pedda vedukalu jarigaayi.
1965loe 650 samvatsaraala vaarshikotsavam sandarbhamgaa, yuddha sthalaanni samrakshinchadaaniki prayatnaalu jarigaayi. eee praantamloo private bhoomini konugolu cheyadaaniki shwiz canton kosam dabbunu sekarinchaaru.
felicia hemons yokka padyam "sang off dhi battle off morgarten" 1822loe edinberg patrikalo prachurinchabadindi.

