
neo-confucianism

neo-confucianism (, tarachugaa "llιxué" <unk>, vaachyamgaa "suutra paatasaala" gaa kudinchabadindi) anedi confucianism dwara prabhaavitamaina naitika, naitika mariyu adhibhouthika chainees tatvasaastram, idhi tong raajavamsamlo hohn yuu (768-824) mariyu lii aavo (772-841) thoo udbhavinchindi mariyu juu xi (1130-1200) suutreekaranala krinda paata mariyu ming raajavamsaala samayamlo pramukhamgaa maarindi. padamuudava sataabdamloo mangol chainapai vijayam saadhinchina taruvaata, chaina panditulu mariyu adhikarulu chaina saamskrutika vaarasatvaanni parirakshinche maargamgaa neo-confucianismnu punaruddharinchi, samrakshinchaaru.
hohn raajavamsam samayamlo mariyu taruvaata confucianismnu prabhaavitam chesina tavoism mariyu bouddhamatam yokka muudanammakaalu mariyu aadhyaatmika amsaalanu tiraskarinchadam dwara confucianism yokka marinta hetubaddhamaina mariyu loukika roopaanni srushtinche prayatnam neo-confucianism ayi undavacchu. nava-confucianistlu tavoism mariyu bouddhamataanni vimarsinchinappatikii, iddaroo tatvasaastrampai prabhavam chuupaaru, mariyu nava-confucianistlu nibandhanalu mariyu bhaavanalanu sweekarinchaaru. ayithe, aadhyaatmika abhivruddhi, mataparamaina ghnaanoodayam mariyu amaratvaaniki utprerakamgaa adhibhouthika saastraanni chusina bouddhulu mariyu thaavoyistula maadirigaa kakunda, neo-confucian vaadulu hetubaddhamaina naitika tatvaanni abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki adhibhouthika saastraanni maargadarsakamgaa upayoginchaaru. linga paatralu vanti saampradaaya confucian nammakalu kooda cherchabaddaayi, idhi korealo mahilala viluva taggadaaniki daariteesindi.
muulaalu.
neo-confucianism yokka muulaalu tong raajavamsamlo unnaayi; confucianist panditulu hohn yuu mariyu lii aavo paatala raajavamsamlooni neo-confucianistla puurveekulugaa pariganinchabaddaaru. tavoist adhibhouthika saastraanni thana naitika tatvasaastraaniki oka chatramgaa upayogistuu, raajavamsam yokka tatwavetta ayina jou duni (1017-1073) nuu neo-confucianism yokka modati nijamaina "maargadarsakudu" gaa chuustaaru. neo-confucianism anedi sang raajavamsam yokka saamaajika viluvalatho samalekhanam cheyadaaniki naveekarinchabadina shaastreeya confucianism yokka punarujjeevanam mariyu jou mariyu hohn raajavamsaala samayamlo udbhavinchina bouddha mariyu tavoist tatvasaastram mariyu matam yokka savaallaku pratispandana. nava-confucianistlu bouddha adhibhouthika saastraanni khandinchinappatiki, nava-confucianism tavoist mariyu bouddha padajaalam mariyu bhaavanalanu sweekarinchindi.
nava-confucianism yokka atyanta mukhyamaina pratipaadakulalo okaru juu zii (1130-1200), athani bodhanalu entha prabhaavavantamgaa unnayante avi sumaru 1314 nundi 1905 varaku poura-seva pareekshalo vileenam cheyabaddaayi. athanu saamaajika samarasyam mariyu saraina vyaktigata pravartana gurinchi thana confucian nammakalanu konasaginchi, rakshistuu, phalavantamaina rachayita. ayana atyanta gurtundipoye pustakaallo okati "kutumba acharalu", indulo ayana vivahalu, antyakriyalu, kutumba vedukalu mariyu puurveekula aaraadhananu elaa nirvahinchaalo vivaranaatmaka salahalanu andinchaaru. bouddhula aalochanalu twaralone aayananu aakarshinchayi, mariyu athanu bouddhula adhika naitika pramaanaalanu paatinchadam kosam confucian shaililo vaadinchadam praarambhinchaadu. ayana rachanalu saiddhaantika (aacharanaatmaka) praamukhyata kaligina samasyalapai ekkuvagaa kendrikrutamai unnappatikee, vidyaaparamaina mariyu taatvika karyakalapalalo palgonadam aacharanaatmaka vyavahaaraalaku mukhyamani kooda ayana vishwasinchaaru. ayana thana aalochanalu bouddha ledhaa tavoist kaadani vivarinchadaaniki aneka vyasalu vraasaarani, bouddhamatam mariyu tavoism yokka konni teevramaina khandanalanu kaligi unnaarani prasiddhi chendindi. (1068-1077) taruvaata, wang angming (1472-1529) saadhaaranamgaa atyanta mukhyamaina neo-confucian alochanaparuduga pariganinchabaddaadu. confucianism gurinchi wang yokka vivarana juu yokka sanaatana tatvasaastram yokka hetubaddha dwaitavaadaanni khandinchindi.
neo-confucian samaajamlo aneka pootii abhiprayalu undevi, conny mottammeeda, bouddha mariyu tavoist (davoist) rendintinee pooli unde oka vyavastha udbhavinchindi, idhi aaa samayam gurinchi aalochinchindi mariyu ii ching (maarpula pustakam) loe vyakteekarinchabadina konni aalochanalu alaage taiji chihnam (taijit) thoo sambandham unna itara yinn yang siddhaantaalu. oka prasiddha neo-confucian muulaamsam emitante, confucius, buddhudu mariyu laavo juu chitraalu annee oke venigar kooja nundi taagadam, "moodu bodhanalu okati!" anae ninaadamtoe anubandhinchabadina chitraalu!"
nava-confucianism bouddha mariyu tavoist aalochanalanu kaligi undagaa, chaalaa mandhi nava-confucianistlu bouddhamatam mariyu thaavoyijamnu teevramgaa vyatiraekimchaaru. nijaaniki, vaaru bouddha, thaavo mataalanu tiraskarinchaaru. hohn yuu yokka atyanta prasiddha vyasalalo okati bouddha avasheshaala aaraadhananu khandistundi. edemaina, neo-confucian rachanalu bouddha aalochanalu mariyu nammakalanu confucian aasaktiki anugunamgaa marchai. chainaalo, neo-confucianism anedi iravayyava sataabdam prarambham varaku sang raajavamsam samayamlo daani abhivruddhi nundi adhikarikamga gurtinchabadina matamgaa undhi, mariyu sang chaina (vietnam, korea mariyu japan) rangamlo unna bhoomulu annee sagam sahasraabdaaniki paiga neo-confucianism dwara baga prabhaavitamayyaayi.
tatvasaastram.
neo-confucianism anedi oka saamaajika mariyu naitika tatvasaastram, idhi metaphysical aalochanalanu upayogistundi, konni tavoism nundi daani chatramgaa teesukobaddaayi. maanava kaaranaala dwara viswaanni ardham chesukogalamani, viswaaniki, vyaktiki madhya saamarasyapuurvaka sambandhaanni srushtinchadam maanavatvampai aadharapadi untundani nammadamtho, tatvaanni maanavataavaada mariyu hetubaddhatagaa vargeekarinchavachhu.
neo-confucianism yokka hetubaddhata gatamlo prabalamgaa unna chaan bouddhamatam yokka aadhyaatmikataku viruddhamgaa undhi. bouddhula maadirigaa kakunda, nava-confucianlu vaastavikata unikilo undani, nava-confucianism yokka paatasaalanu batti vaastavikata yokka vivaranalu konchem bhinnamgaa unnappatikee, manavjati ardham chesukogaladani vishwasinchaaru.
neo-confucianismlo "lii" yokka praamukhyata eee udyamaaniki daani chainees paerunu ichindi, aksharala "lii adhyayanam".
paatasaalalu.
neo-confucianism anedi oka vaividhyamaina taatvika sampradaayam, idhi saadhaaranamgaa rendu ververu paatasaalalugaa vargeekarinchabadindi.
rendu-paatasaala namuunaa verses moodu paatasaalala namuunaa.
madhyayuga chainaalo, "tavo paatasaala" gaa piluvabade neo-confucian aalochana yokka pradhana sravanti, luu jiuyuan anae aalochanaaparudu saampradaayetara, confucian kaani rachayithalalo chaalaa kaalamgaa vargeekarinchabadindi. ayithe, 15va sataabdamloo, gouravaneeyamaina tatwavetta wang angming lutho paksham vesi, paatasaalanu puurtigaa tiraskarinchanappatiki, tavo paatasaala yokka konni punaadulanu vimarsinchaaru. angming jeevitakaalamlone athani tatvasaastrampai abhyantaraalu talettaayi, mariyu athani maranam taruvaata koddikaalaanike, chenn zian (1497-1567) vaangnu lutho kalisi saampradaayetara rachayitalugaa vargeekarinchi, neo-confucianismnu rendu paatasaalalugaa vibhajinchaadu. phalitamgaa, neti nava-confucianism saadhaaranamgaa rendu ververu aalochanaa vidhanaluga vargeekarinchabadindi. madhyayuga mariyu prarambha aadhunika kalallo aadhipatyam konasaaginchina paatasaalanu cheng-juu paatasaala anie pilustaaru, endukante idhi cheng yii, cheng haavo mariyu juu xi laloe gowravam istundi. luu-jiuyuan mariyu wang angming patla daani gowravam aadhaaramgaa, takkuva aadhipatyam kaligina, vyatiraeka paatasaala luu-wang paatasaala.
eee rendu-saakhala namuunaaku viruddhamgaa, kotta confucian mou jongsan, huu haang (huu woofeng, 1106-1161) mariyu liu jongjhou (liu jishan, 1578-1645) bodhanala aadhaaramgaa moodava saakha, huu-liu paatasaala undani vaadinchaaru. mou prakaram, eee moodava saakha yokka praamukhyata emitante, avi neo-confucianism maargadarsakulu, jou duni, jhang joy mariyu cheng haavla pratyaksha vamsaaniki praatinidhyam vahinchaayi. antekakunda, eee moodava huu-liu paatasaala mariyu rendava luu-wang paatasaala, kalipi, cheng-juu paatasaalaku badulugaa neo-confucianism yokka nijamaina pradhana sravantini yerparustaayi. confucius, mengji, madhyastha siddhaantam mariyu maarpula pustakam yokka vyakhyaanaala bodhanalaku tirigi ravadam pradhana sravanti suuchistumdi. anduvalla cheng-juu paatasaala goppa abhyasam aadhaaramgaa oka alpasankhyaaka saakha matrame, mariyu sagehood adhyayanam kante medho adhyayanalanu porapaatuna nokki cheppindi.
cheng-juu paatasaala.
nava-confucian prapancha drukpatham yokka juu sii suutreekarana eee krindi vidhamgaa undhi. tian () yokka tavo () suutrapraayamgaa ledhaa "lii" () loe vyakteekarinchabadindani, conny adhi padaartham ledhaa "kii" () loe kappabadi undani ayana nammadu. indulo, athani vyavastha vishayalanu suutrapraayamgaa (mallii, lii), mariyu function () gaa vibhajinchina aaa kaalamlooni bouddha vyavasthalapai aadharapadi undhi. neo-confucian suutreekaranaloo, "lii" anedi swachchamainadi mariyu daadaapu paripuurnamainadi, conny "kii" nii jodinchadamtho, praathamika bhavodvegalu mariyu sangharshanhalu talettutaayi. maanava swabhaavam modata manchidi anie neo-confucianlu vaadinchaaru (mensiusnu anusarinchi), conny daanini suddhi cheyadaaniki charya teesukokapothe swachchamainadi kaadu. appudu tappanisari emitante okari "lii" nuu suddhi cheyadam. ayithe, bouddhulu mariyu thaavoyistulaku bhinnamgaa, neo-confucianlu padaartha prapanchamtho sambandham laeni bahya prapanchaanni viswasinchaledu. adanamgaa, neo-confucianlu saadhaaranamgaa punarjanma aalochananu mariyu karma yokka anubandha aalochananu tiraskarinchaaru.
vividha neo-confucianlu alaa elaa cheyaalo ververu aalochanalu kaligi unnaaru. lii" anedi prapanchamlone undhi anae aalochana aadhaaramgaa, vishayaala parisoedhana, mukhyamgaa pariseelanaa shaastram yokka vidya roopam ayina "gevu" () nuu juu sii viswasinchaadu.
luu-wang paatasaala.
bahusha rendava atyanta prabhaavavantamaina neo-confucian ayina wang angming (wang shoren) maroka nirnayaaniki vachaaru antey, "lii" anni vishayaalalo unte, mariyu "lii" okari hridaya manassulo unte, tanalo kante vetakadaaniki manchi pradaesam marokati ledhu. alaa cheyadaaniki ayana ishtapade paddhati "jingjuvo" (), idhi chaan (zen) dhyanam ledhaa "juvochan" (;) nuu balamgaa pooli unde abhyasam. prati vyaktiki puttinappati nundi manchi chedula madhya vyatyaasam telusani vaadistuu, wang angming "sahaja ghnaanam" anae aalochananu abhivruddhi chesaaru. atuvanti ghnaanam sahajamainadi mariyu hetubaddhamainadi kaadu. wang angming yokka eee viplavaatmaka aalochanalu taruvaata moturi norinaga vanti pramukha japanese aalochanaaparulu prerepinchaayi, vaaru shinto devatala kaaranamgaa, japanese prajalaku matrame sanklishtamaina hetubaddheekarana lekunda manchi chedulanu vaeru chese sahajamaina saamarthyam undani vaadinchaaru. wang angming yokka aalochanaa vidhanam (japanese bhaashalo "ōyōmei-gaku") kooda kontavaraku, paandityavaadam kante antar drushti aadhaaramgaa charyanu konasaaginchadaaniki prayatninchina kontamandi samuraaylaku saiddhaantika aadharaanni andinchindi. anduvalla, idhi meejee punaruddharana (1868) kii mundu dasaabdaalalo diguva sthaayi samuray yokka teevramaina raajakeeya charyalaku medho punaadini kooda andinchindi, dheenilo tokugava shogunate (1600-1868) padagottabadindi.
korealo.
josen korealo, neo-confucianism rashtra bhavajalamga sthaapinchabadindi. korea dveepakalpam yokka yuvan aakramana, juu sii yokka neo-confucianism paatasaalanu koreaku parichayam chesindi. goreo raajavamsam samayamlo oka hyang dwara koreaku neo-confucianism parichayam cheyabadindi. athanu neo-confucianismnu pravesapettina samayamlo, goreo raajavamsam daani uniki yokka chivari sataabdamloo undhi mariyu mangol yuvan rajavamsamchae prabhaavitamaindi.
yuvan yugamlo chaalaa mandhi corian panditulu chainanu sandarsinchaaru, vaarilo okadu. 1286loe, athanu janjinglo jhu zii pustakaanni chadivaadu, daanitoe enthagaa prabhaavitamayyaadante, athanu aaa pustakaanni puurtigaa lipyantareekarinchi, daanitoe tirigi koreaku vacchaadu. idhi aaa samayamlo korea medhaavulaku entho prerananichindi, mariyu chaalaa mandhi, pradhanamgaa madhyataragati nundi, vyavastheekruta matam (antey bouddhamatam) mariyu paatha prabhuvula mitimeerina charyalatho bhramalu padi, neo-confucianismnu sweekarinchaaru. kottagaa abhivruddhi chendutunna neo-confucian medhaavulu paatha (mariyu perugutunna videshee-prabhaavita) goreo raajavamsaanni padagottadaaniki uddesinchina samuuhaalaku naayakatvam vahinchaaru.
goreo patanam mariyu 1392loe yii sang-gee dwara josian raajavamsam sthaapinchabadina taruvaata, neo-confucianism rashtra bhavajalamga sthaapinchabadindi. bouddhamatam, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa vyavastheekruta matam, neo-confucian kramaniki vishapuuritamainavigaa pariganinchabaddaayi. tadanugunamgaa bouddhamatam parimitam cheyabadindi mariyu appudappudu josonu chetha himsimchabadimdi. neo-confucianism vidyanu prothsahinchadamtho, desavyaaptamgaa aneka neo-confucian paatasaalalu (seovan mariyu hangyo) sthaapinchabaddaayi, ivi jooe gwang-jooe (<unk>, <unk>; 1482-1520), yii hwang (<unk>, <unk>; kalam paeru toge <unk>, <unk>; 1501-1570) mariyu yii ii (<unk>, <unk>; 1536-1584) thoo sahaa aneka mandhi panditulanu utpatti chesaayi.
16va sataabdam praarambhamlo, jooe 1520loe amalu cheyabade varaku varusa viplavaatmaka samskaranalatho josonnu aadarsavantamaina neo-confucian samajamga maarchadaaniki prayatninchaadu. ayinappatikee, neo-confucianism tvaralo joson raajavamsamlo marinta pedda paatranu pooshinchindi. twaralone neo-confucian panditulu, chainees asalu suutraalanu chadavadam mariyu gurthunchukovadam matrame santrupti chendaledu, kotta neo-confucian siddhaantaalanu abhivruddhi cheyadam praarambhinchaaru. eee kotta siddhaantakartalaloo yii hwang mariyu yii ii atyanta pramukhulu.
yii hwang yokka atyanta pramukha shishyulu kimm seong-ill (<unk>, 1538-1593), yuu seong-reong (<unk> 1542-1607) mariyu jiang gu (<unk> ρ, <unk>, 1543-1620), "mugguru nayakulu" gaa piluvabaddaru. vaari taruvaata rendava taram panditulu, jaang hyungwang (<unk>, 1554-1637) mariyu jaang hyung-hyo (<unk>, 1564-1633), mariyu moodava taram (heo moke, yun hyuu, yun seon-doow mariyu sang sii-yol thoo sahaa) eee paatasaalanu 18va sataabdamloki teesukuvacchaaru. 
conny neo-confucianism saapekshamgaa vegavantamaina samayamlo entha pidivaadamgaa marindante, adhi chaalaa avasaramaina saamaajika aardhika abhivruddhi mariyu maarpunu nirodhinchindi, mariyu aneka kotta siddhaantaala prajaadaranhatho sambandham lekunda antargata vibhajanalaku mariyu vimarsalaku daariteesindi. udaaharanaku, chainees ming raajavamsamlo prachuryam pondina wang angming siddhaantaalanu matavisvaasaalagaa pariganinchi, corian neo-confucian vaadulu teevramgaa khandinchaaru. antekakunda, juu xi nundi bhinnamgaa confucian kaananpai evaina ullekhanaalu minahayinchabaddayi. josen aadhvaryamlo, "sarim" (<unk>, Â) anie piluvabade kottagaa abhivruddhi chendutunna paalaka vargam kooda rajakeeyaalapai vaari noothana-confucian abhipraayaala vaividhyam prakaram raajakeeya vargaluga vidipoyindi. rendu pedda vargaalu mariyu aneka upavargaalu undevi.
korea (1592-1598) paie japan dandayaatrala samayamlo, aneka corian neo-confucian pustakaalu mariyu panditulanu japanku teesukellaaru mariyu fujiwara sika vanti japanese panditulanu prabhaavitam chesaaru mariyu japanese neo-confucianism abhivruddhini prabhaavitam chesaaru.
viyatnaamlo.
loe 1070, chakravarthy lii thaan tong hanoilo modati confucius vishwavidyaalayaanni "vaan meeyu" paerutoe praarambhinchaadu. liu, traan kortu vietnamese manderine loe confucianism prabhavalanu samvatsaram pareekshala dwara vistarinchindi, 1407 loe ming aakramanadaarulache vileenam cheyabade varaku tong raajavamsam namuunaanu konasaaginchindi. 1460 loe, lae raajavamsam chakravarthy lae thaan tong neo-confucianismnu thaay whit yokka praathamika viluvalugaa sweekarinchaadu.
bureaucratic pareekshalu.
neo-confucianism anedi confucianism yokka vivaranagaa maarindi, dheeni naipunhyam ming dwara bureaucratic pareekshalalo uttiirnata saadhinchadaaniki avasaram, mariyu 1905loe saamraajya pareeksha vyavastha mugise varaku quing raajavamsam dwara eee vidhamgaa konasaagindi. ayithe, benjamin elman vanti chaalaa mandhi panditulu rashtra pareekshalalo sanaatana vivaranagaa vaari paatra entha varaku aaa vivaranalanu bureaucratlu mariyu chainees gentry iddaroo vaastavaaniki viswasinchina sthaayini pratibimbistumdoe prasninchaaru, mariyu confucianism yokka pootii vivaranalanu andinche hohn learning vanti chaalaa churukaina paatasaalalu unnayani etthi chuupaaru.
confucianism yokka pootii paatasaalanu saakshya paatasaala ledhaa hohn learning anie pilicheevaaru mariyu neo-confucianism confucianism bodhanalu bouddha aalochanatho nissahayamgaa kalushitam kaavadaaniki kaaranamaindani vaadinchaaru. vaastavikatato sambandham laeni khaalii taatvika oohaagaanaalato atigaa aandolana chendutunnanduku eee paatasaala neo-confucianismnu kooda vimarsinchindi.
confucian connon.
eee roeju unnatlugaa confucian connon tappanisarigaa juu xi chae sankalanam cheyabadindi. jhu naalugu pustakaala ("goppa abhyasam", "madhyastha siddhaantam", confucius yokka "vislaeshanhalu" mariyu "mensius") niyamaavalini krodeekarinchaaru, ivi taruvaati ming mariyu king raajavamsaalalo poura seva pareeksha kosam adhikaarika paatyaamsaalalo pradhanamainavigaa cheyabaddaayi.
kotta confucianism.
1920laloe, aadhunika neo-confucianism anie kooda piluvabade kotta confucianism, saampradaaya confucianism aadhaaramgaa chainees samskrutini aadhuneekarinchadaaniki oka marganni vetakadaaniki paaschaatya abhyasanni abhivruddhi cheyadam mariyu grahinchadam praarambhinchindi. idhi naalugu amsaalapai kendrikrutamai undih chainees samskruti yokka aadhunika parivartana; chainees samskruti yokka maanavataavaada sphuurti; chainees samskrutilo mataparamaina ardham; mariyu sahajamaina aalochanaa vidhanam, tarkaaniki minchi velladam mariyu minahaayimpu vislaeshanha bhavananu tudichiveyadam. saampradaaya confucianism mariyu neo-confucianisanku kattubadi, aadhunika neo-confucianism aadhuneekarana prakriyaloo puraatana chainees saampradaaya samskruti edurkontunna kashtam nundi desham udbhavinchadaaniki dohadam chestundi; inca, idhi saampradaaya vyaktigata indriyaala kante paarisraamika nagarikata yokka prapancha samskrutini kooda prothsahistundi.

