
boam vyaapti

ayaskanta kshetram antataa plasma vyaapti chaalaa nashtapariche yantraala prarambha plasma prayogaala nundi suuchimchina vidhamgaa boam vyaapti scalingnu anusaristundani oohinchabadindi. idhi vyaapti raetu ushnogratato saralamgaa mariyu parimita ayaskanta kshetram yokka balamtho vilomamgaa saralamgaa untundani anchanaa vesindi.
boam vyaapti dwara anchanaa veyabadina raetu, plasma lopala yaadruchchika nadaka nundi abhivruddhi chendutunna shaastreeya vyaapti dwara anchanaa veyabadina raetu kante chaalaa ekkuvagaa untundi. shaastreeya namuunaa ayaskanta kshetram yokka chaturasramtho vilomamgaa scale cheyabadindi. shaastreeya namuunaa sarainadi ayithe, kshetramlo chinna perugudala chaalaa ekkuva nirbandha samayalaku daariteestundi. boam namuunaa sarainadi ayithe, ayaskaantamgaa parimita kalayika aacharanaatmakamainadi kaadu.
prarambha fusion shakti yantraalu boam namuunaa prakaram pravartinchinatlu kanipinchaayi, 1960la natiki eee rangamlo gananeeyamaina stabdata erpadindi. 1968loe tokamak pravesapettadam anedi boam modal anni yantraalaku saripodani modati sakshyam. eee yantraalaku chaalaa vaegamgaa mariyu chaalaa nemmadigaa unde retlanu boam anchanaa vestaadu; eee yantraalanu adhyayanam cheyadam neoclassical diffusion conceptku daariteesindi.
vivarana.
boam vyaapti anedi samaanamaina vyaapti gunakam dwara vargeekarinchabadutundi
ikkada "b" ayaskanta kshetra balam, "t" electron vayuvu ushnograta, "e" praathamika charge, "k" b boltzmann sthiraamkam. 
charitra.
dheenini modatisaarigaa 1949loe david boam, ii. hetch. ess. isotope vibhajanalo upayogam kosam ayaskanta kaksyalanu adhyayanam chestunnappudu barhap, mariyu harry massie. aneka itara plaasmaalu eee chattanni anusaristaayani appati nundi gamaninchabadindi. adrushtavasaattuu vyaapti raetu takkuvagaa unna chota minahaayimpulu unnaayi, lekapothe aacharanaatmaka kalayika saktini saadhinche aasha undadu. boam yokka asalu rachanalo athanu bhinnam 1/16 khachitamainadi kaadani paerkonnaadu; mukhyamgaa "[vyaapti gunakam] yokka khachitamaina viluva 2 ledhaa 3 kaarakamlo anischitamgaa undhi". lyman spitzer eee bhinnanni plasma asthirataku sambandhinchina karakamga pariganinchaadu.
sumaruga utpannam.
saadhaaranamgaa vyaaptini podavaina suutram _ 2 mariyu samaya suutram _ 3 dasala yaadruchchika nadakaga roopondinchavacchu. vyaapti gharshanagaa unte, suutram _ 2 anedi sagatu uchita maargam mariyu suutram _ 3 anedi gharshana pounahpunyaaniki vilomam. vyaapti gunakam "d" nuu vividha rakaluga vyakteekarinchavachhu
ikkada suutram _ 7 anedi guddukovadala madhya vegam.
ayaskanta plasma loe, gyrofrequencytho poliste gharshana frequency saadhaaranamgaa takkuvagaa untundi, tadwara dasha parimaanam gyroradius formula _ 8 mariyu dasha samayam gharshana samayam, formula _ 3, idhi formula _ 10 dwara gharshana frequenseeki sambandhinchinadi, idhi formula _ 11 (classical diffusion) kii daariteestundi.
marovaipu, gharshana pounahpunyam gyrofrequency kante ekkuvagaa unte, appudu guddukovadala madhya ushna vegam "v" th thoo kanaalu swechchagaa kadulutayani pariganinchavacchu, mariyu vyaapti gunakam suutram _ 12 nuu teesukuntundi. eee paalanalo, gharshana pounahpunyam gyrofrequenseeki samanamga unnappudu vyaapti garishtamgaa untundi, eee sandarbhamlo suutram _ 13. suutram _ 14, mariyu suutram _ 15 (cyclotron pounahpunyam) nuu pratyaamnaayam cheyadam, memu cherukuntamu.
idhi boam scaling. eee utpannam yokka sumaru swabhaavaanni parigananaloki teesukunte, mundu unna 1/16 tappipovadam aandolana kaliginche vishayam kaadu. 
boam vyaapti saadhaaranamgaa shaastreeya vyaapti kante ekkuvagaa untundi. ayaskanta kshetram yokka vividha saktulugaa shaastreeya vyaapti mariyu boam vyaapti sthaayi tarachugaa rendinti madhya thedaanu gurtinchadaaniki upayoginchabadataayi.
marinta parisoedhana.
paie ganana drishtya, boam vyaapti anedi ravaanaanu garishtamgaa penche kramarahita gharshana retutho shaastreeya vyaptiga bhaavinchadam utsaaham kaligistundi, conny bhouthika chitram bhinnamgaa untundi. kramarahita vyaapti anedi allakallolam yokka phalitam. adhika ledhaa takkuva vidyut sambhaavyata unna praantaalu anchulaku daariteestaayi endukante plasma vaati chuttoo "e"/"b" kuu samaanamaina ii-cross-bii drift vegamtho kadulutundi. eee anchulu shaastreeya vyaaptiloo gyro-kakshyalato samaanamaina paatranu poeshistaayi, allakallolam yokka bhouthika shaastram alankarana sambandham samayam turn-ovar samayaniki daadaapu samanamga untundi, phalitamgaa boam scaling jarugutundi. dheenini chuudataaniki maroka maargam emitante, allakallolamaina vidyut kshetram sumaruga podavaina suutram _ 2 dwara vibhajinchabadina sambhaavya bhangaaniki samanamga untundi, mariyu sambhaavya bhangam "k" b "t"/"e" loe gananeeyamaina bhaagamgaa untundani anchanaa veyavachu. allakallolamaina vyaapti sthiraanka suutram _ 18 appudu scale podavu nundi swatantramgaa untundi mariyu sumaru boam viluvaku samanamga untundi.
plasma vyaapti gurinchi saiddhaantika avagahana mukhyamgaa boam vyaapti 1970la varaku antuchikkanidigaa undipoyindi, appudu taylor mariyu mcnamara 2dii maargadarsaka kendra plasma namuunaanu munduku tecchaaru. pratikuula ushnograta sthithi mariyu ushnaprasarana kanaala bhavanalu vyaapti yokka avagahanaku chaalaa dohadapaddayi. antarleena bhouthika saastraanni eee krindi vidhamgaa vivarinchavacchu. eee prakriya ushna hecchutaggula dwara nadiche ravana kaavacchu, idhi saadhyamainanta takkuva yaadruchchika vidyut kshetraalaku anugunamgaa untundi. takkuva-frequency spectrum e × b driftku kaaranamavutundi. coolumb paraspara charya yokka suduura swabhaavam kaaranamgaa, taranga pondika samayam kshetra rekhala antataa kanaala vaastavamgaa uchita prasaranni anumatinchadaaniki saripotundi. anduvalla, ravana daani swantha maargam yokka runn parimitam cheyadaaniki mariyu vyaapti chendutunna dumping dwara pondikaina ravaanaanu challarchadam dwara sweeya-diddubaatuku daariteese ekaika yantraangam avutundi. eee prakatanalanu lekkinchadaaniki, manamu defusive dumping samayanni ilaa vraayavacchu
ikkada "k" anedi ayaskanta kshetraaniki lambamgaa unde taranga sankhya. anduvalla, dasha parimaanam suutram _ 20, mariyu vyaapti gunakam
idhi spashtamgaa vyaapti kosam dvi dimensional plasma kosam "b"-1 yokka scaling niyamanni istundi. ushna hecchutaggulu saadhaaranamgaa kana ushna saktilo oka chinna bhaagam. idhi plasma paramiti dwara tagginchabadutundi
mariyu dwara ivvabadutundi
ikkada "n" 0 anedi plasma saandrata, "λ" d anedi dby podavu, mariyu "t" anedi plasma ushnograta. suutram _ 24 teesukoni, vidyut kshetraanni ushna shakti dwara pratyaamnaayam chesthe, manaku untundi
samaantara decoherence gananeeyamgaa unnappudu 2dii plasma modal chelladu. 2013loe suu, vu, agarwal mariyu ryuu pratipaadinchina suu vyaapti yokka yantraangam. b"-3/2 yokka scaling niyamanni anchanaa vestundi.
2015loe, asalu boam prayogaaniki kotta khachitamaina vivarana nivedinchabadindi, dheenilo boam prayogam mariyu saiman prayogamlo kolichina cross-feeled vyaapti ayan gyro-center shift mariyu short circuit prabhavam kalayika dwara vivarinchabadindi. ayan gyro-center shift anedi oka ayan momentum marpidi cheyadaaniki neutral thoo dheekonnappudu sambhavistundi; vilakshanhamaina udaaharana ayan-neutral chaarj marpidi praticharya. ayanlu diamagnetic drift vanti lambamgaa (ayaskanta kshetraaniki) drift motionlo unnappudu gyro-centerla yokka oka disaatmaka maarpulu jarugutaayi. electron gyro-center shift saapekshamgaa chinnadi endukante electron gyro-radius ayan kante chaalaa chinnadi kabatti daanini vismarinchavacchu. gyro-center shift dwara ayanlu ayaskanta kshetram antataa kadilina tarvaata, eee kadalika plasma lopala mariyu velupala madhya aakasmika vidyut asamatulyatanu utpatti chestundi. ayithe eee vidyut asamatulyatanu samaantara maargam gundaa electron pravaham mariyu conducting end wall dwara ventane bharti chestaaru, boam mariyu saiman prayogaalalo plasma sthuupaakaara nirmaanamloo unnappudu. saiman eee electron pravahanni gurtinchi 1955loe dheeniki 'short circuit' prabhavam anie paeru pettadu. short circuit prabhavam sahayamtho diamagnetic drift dwara prerepinchabadina ayan pravaham ippudu mottam plasma fluxes avutundi, idhi diamagnetic driftlo ottidi pravanata untundi kabatti saandrata pravanataku anulomaanupaatamlo untundi. diamagnetic driftnu formula _ 26 gaa varninchavachhu, (ikkada "n" saandrata) vyaapti praantamloo sumaru sthiramaina ushnograta kosam. kana pravaham suutram _ 26kii anulomaanupaatamlo unnappudu, suutram _ 28 kakunda itara bhaagam vyaapti gunakam. kabatti sahajamgaa vyaapti suutram _ 29kii anulomaanupaatamlo untundi. eee vyaapti yokka itara mundu gunakam chaarj marpidi praticharya raetu mariyu gyro frequency madhya nishpatti yokka vidhi. jagrattagaa chesina vislaeshanha prakaram boam prayogam yokka mundu gunakam 1/13 ~ 1/40 paridhiloo undhi. gyro-center shift vislaeshanhaloo aneka fusion parikaraalalo kramarahita vyaaptiki kaaranamayye allakallolam prerita vyaapti gunakam kooda nivedinchabadindi; suutram _ 30 gaa varninchabadindi. dheeni ardham ververu rendu vyaapti vidhanalu (boam prayogam vanti aark utsarga vyaapti mariyu tokamak vanti allakallolam prerita vyaapti) "boam vyaapti" anae paerutoe piluvabaddayi.