
mexicolo neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhyam

mexicolo neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhyam vijayalu mariyu savaallatoe vargeekarinchabadindi. 1990 mariyu 2010 madhya pattana praantaalalo (88 saatam nundi 93 saatam) alaage graameena praantaallo (50 saatam nundi 74 saatam) paipula dwara neeti sarafara gananeeyamgaa peragadam, adanamgaa, merugaina paarisuddhyam (64 saatam nundi 85 saatam) loe desavyaaptamgaa balamaina perugudala idhe kaalamlo gamaninchabadindi. itara vijayalalo jaateeya jala commission daani atyunnata samsthagaa neeti mariyu paarisuddhya moulika sadupaayaalaku aardhika sahayam cheyadaaniki panichese jaateeya vyavastha uniki; mariyu aguas vai drenze dii monterry vanti konni manchi paniteeru kanabariche viniyogaalu uniki unnaayi.
desamloni uttara, madhya praantaalalo neeti korata; neeti sevala naanhyata sariponi (taguneeti naanhyata; 2000 janabha lekkala phalitaala prakaram 55 saatam mandhi meksikanlu appudappudu matrame neetini andukuntunnaru); chaalaa viniyogaala yokka paelavamaina saanketika, vaanijya saamarthyam (2003loe sagatuna 51 saatam aadaaya rahita neeru); suddhi cheyabadina muruguneeti vataa sariponi (2006loe 36 saatam); inca graameena praantaallo taginantagaa andubaatulo lekapovadam vanti savaallu unnaayi. praapyatanu vistarinchadaaniki konasagutunna pettubadulatho paatu, muruguneeti suddhini meruguparachadaaniki prabhutvam pedda pettubadi karyakramanni praarambhinchindi.
access.
"muulam": evaru/unicef ummadi paryaveekshanha karyakramam (jmp/2010). prapancha aarogya survey (2003) mariyu janabha lekkala (2000) aadhaaramgaa neeru mariyu paarisuddhyam kosam dayta.
2018 natiki pattana praantaalalo (<ii. dii. 2>) alaage graameena praantaallo (<ii. dii. 1>) paipula dwara neeti sarafara gananeeyamgaa peragadam eee vijayalalo okati. itara vijayalalo jaateeya neeti commission daani atyunnata samsthagaa, neeru mariyu paarisuddhya moulika sadupaayaalaku aardhika sahayam cheyadaaniki panichese jaateeya vyavastha unikilo undatam unnaayi.
desamloni uttara mariyu madhya praantaalalo neeti korata; neeti sevala naanhyata lekapovadam (taguneeti naanhyata; 2014 natiki mexicanlalo 11 saatam mandhi appudappudu matrame neetini andukuntunnaru); chaalaa viniyogaala paelavamaina saanketika mariyu vaanijya saamarthyam (2010loe sagatu sthaayilo aadaaya rahita neeru 43.2% thoo); puurtigaa parisubhramaina neeti jaateeya saataanni 57 saatamgaa penchadam, idhi saripodani bhaavistaaru, endukante desamlo siddhaantaparamgaa talasari neeti saatam 60 saatam takkuvagaa undhi; mariyu graameena praantaallo taginanta labhyata merugudala.
2019loe maanava hakkula kolata chorava dwara nirvahinchabadina maanava hakkula nipunula survey aadhaaramgaa, mexico neeti hakkupai thana aadaaya sthaayilo saadhyamayye daani gurinchi 93.4% chestunnappudu, praathamika paarisuddhya hakkupai thana aadaaya sthaayilo saadhyamayye daanilo 83.9% vadda matrame panichestondi.
seva naanhyata.
seva yokka naanhyata kooda korukunnantagaa migilipotundi. 2000 janabha lekkala prakaram paipula dwara neeru andubaatulo unna mexican gruhaalalo 55 saatam gruhalu, mukhyamgaa chinna munisipaalitiilu mariyu paedha praantaalalo, appudappudu sevalanu pondaayi. 2006loe sumaru 36 saatam muruguneetini suddhi chestunnaru, idhi latin americaloni sagatu kante rendu retlu ekkuva. ayithe, mexican suddhi karmagaralalo teliyani vataa vyardhaala vidudalaku sambandhinchina nibandhanalaku anugunamgaa ledhu.
aneka praantaalalo, sthaanika neeti peedanam saripodu mariyu/ledhaa nammadaganidi. anduvalla, chaalaa illa paikappulapai "tinaco" anie piluvabade chinna neeti tank untundi. azib" anie piluvabade neelamaaliga tottelo perukupoyina neeru, sthaanika vyavasthalo ottiditoe sambandham lekunda migilina intiki gurutvakarshana dwara ottidini andinchadaaniki daaniki pampabadutundi. ayithe, konni kotta gruhaalalo, keelaka upakaranaalu vaati swantha ottidi vyavasthalanu kaligi untaayi, prati samvatsaram millionla cubic meterla muruguneeru, munisipal, paarisraamika mariyu vyavasaya utsargalu sarigga suddhi cheyabadani ledhaa etuvanti suddhi lekunda neeti vanarulaloki vidudala cheyabadataayi. mexicolo, muruguneeti vidudalalu purapalaka (pattana mariyu graameena praja sarafara) mariyu munisipal kaani (sweeya-sarafara parisrama vanti itara upayogaalu) gaa vargeekarinchabaddaayi. adhikaarika ganaamkaala prakaram, utpatti cheyabadina munisipal neetilo 52.7% suddhi cheyabadutundi, mariyu munisipal kaani neetilo 32 saatam suddhi cheyabadutundi.
neeti viniyogam.
aneka mexican praantaalalo vanarulu korata unnappatikee, neeti viniyogam adhika sthaayilo undhi, paakshikamgaa paelavamaina chellimpu raetlu mariyu takkuva sunkaala kaaranamgaa anukuulamgaa undhi. 2006loe, naaluginta moodu vantulaku paiga (76.8%) vyavasayam kosam upayoginchabadindi, ayithe praja sarafara 13.9% matrame upayoginchabadindi, migilinavi ushna vidyut kendram (5.4%) mariyu parisramalu (3.8%) upayogistunnaayi. 2006loe, mottam 77.3 billion cubic meterla mexicolo viniyoginchabadindi, veetilo 10.7 billion cubic meterla desheeya viniyogam kosam upayoginchabadindi. antey talasari mariyu roeju sagatu desheeya viniyogam 270 liitarlu.
neeti vanarulu.
2006loe mexican neetilo 63 saatam nadulu ledhaa sarassulu vanti uparitala neeti nundi sekarinchabadindi. migilina 37 saatam jalacharaala nundi vachindi. janabha balamaina perugudala mariyu shushka mariyu pakshika-shushka praantaala vaipu antargata valasalu kaaranamgaa, uttara mariyu madhya meksikoolooni aneka neeti vanarulu mitimeerina dopideeki gurayyayi. samudram mariyu nadulaku cherukune prapanchamlooni muruguneetilo 80 saataaniki paiga suddhi cheyabadakunda un nirdhaaristundi. sumaru 2 billionla mandhi prajalu visarjana dwara kalushitamaina traaguneetini traagutunnaarani, kalara, hepatitis eah mariyu virechanaalu vanti vyaadhulaku guravutunnarani anchanaa vestunnaru. jaateeya jala sangham prakaram, mottam bhoogarbhajala viniyogamlo bhoogarbhajalaala atigaa velikiteeta daadaapu 40 saatam undhi. adanamgaa, konaguva anchanaala prakaram uparitala neetilo 52 saatam chaalaa kalushitamai undagaa, kevalam 9 saatam matrame aamodayogyamaina sthithilo unnaayi.
mexicolo sambhavistunna neeti sankshobham madhya, mexico nagaram prati samvatsaram sumaru 1 meater diguvaku munigipotondi. praja mariyu vyavasaya upayogam kosam bhoogarbha jalaalanu varshakaalamgaa paarudala cheyadam valla, bhoogarbha jalaalapai aadharapadatam valla kalige pratikuula prabhavalu mexican prabhutvaanni "fibravari 2010: nagaram neeti korataku gurikaavacchu" anae pracharam vaipu drushtini aakarshinchadaaniki prabhaavitam chesaayi."mexico lothaina bhuu porala nundi bhoogarbha jalaalanu bayataku pampadam konasagistondi, deenivalla matti paarudala mariyu balaheenamaina bhoomi erpadutundi. 2015loe prapancha aarogya samstha prakaram, pattana janabhalo dadapuga 100% kaneesam praathamika taguneeti vanarulanu upayoginchagaa, graameena janabhalo sumaru 94 saatam mandhi kaneesam praathamika taaguneetini upayoginchaaru.
vikendrikruta neeti suddhi saanketikata.
hybrid anukarana namuunaa.
hetch. hugo lopez mariyu russell aarr. ell pasoloni texas vishwavidhyaalayamlo chianelli 2004loe sourashakti, hydrogen aaviri samskarana, hydrogen indhana kanaalu mariyu vidyudvislaeshanha kalayikanu upayoginchi traaguneetini utpatti chese vyavasthanu pratipaadinchaaru.
bhougolika karakalu.
nepathyam.
neeti kalushya paripaalanalo parinaamam gurinchi moodu saadhaarana vaastavaalu unnaih 1) paryaavarana niyantranalalo takkuva pettubadi unnappudu neeti naanhyata debbatintundi, kalushya vanarulanu nivaarinchadamlo takkuva churukaina prayatnam mariyu pariseelana vyavasthalanu vidichipetti, paryaveekshanha, chikitsa vyavasthalalo takkuva pettubaditho paatu; 2) janabha perugudala mariyu aardhika abhivruddhi matti mariyu neetipai ottidini penchutaayi. neeti naanhyata samasya anedi pettubadi mariyu raajakeeya sankalpam lekapovadaanni soochinchadame kakunda, ekkuva aardhika vruddhini saadhinchadaaniki neeti naanhyathalo pettubadulanu samalekhanam cheyadamlo kooda idhi oka samasya. 3) jala kalushyam yokka spashtamaina kaaranaalanu parishkarinchadamlo purogati unnappatikee, eee graham yokka anni deshaalu sthirapadina paddhatulanu marchadam anae savaalunu edurkontunnaayi, endukante bhaarii jadatvam mariyu stabdamaina charcha samasyanu edurkone maargamlo konasaagutundi (udaaharanaku vanarulu laevu, saamarthyam ledhu). desamloni konni praantaalaku swachchamaina mariyu surakshitamaina neeru andubaatulo undatam enduku takkuvagaa undho cheppadaniki mexico vaataavaranam maroka pedda dohadam chestundi. modata, desham swayam bhoogolamloni rendu ushnamandala praantaala madhya vibhajinchabadindi, ivi vividha praantaalalo vibhina paristhitulanu kaligistaayi. mexico yokka dakshina sagam bhoogolam yokka antar ushnamandala praantamloo undhi mariyu daani uttara sagam samasheetoshna praantamloo undhi. eee rendu gaali mandalaalu, madhya ushnamandala convergence mandalaalu mariyu samasheetoshna mandalaalu, desamloni vividha praantaalalo podi vaataavaranaalaku kaaranamayye vibhina gaali namuunaalanu kaligi unnaayi. vividha gaali mandalaala kaaranamgaa, mexicolo moodinta rendu vantula bhaagam shushkamgaa nundi paakshikamgaa shushkamgaa pariganinchabadutundi, endukante ikkada edaadi podavunaa 500 mimi varshapaatam matrame kurustundi. desamloni migilina moodinta oka vanthu thematho kuudinadigaa vargeekarinchabadindi mariyu munupati moodinta rendu vantula kante chaalaa bhinnamgaa untundi, migilina moodava vanthu edaadi podavunaa 2000 mimi kante ekkuva varshapaataanni pondutundi. swachchamaina neeru parimitamgaa labhinche chaalaa praantaalu spashtamgaa shushka mariyu pakshika-shushka praantaala paridhiloki vastaayi.
karuvu.
desamlo chaalaa varaku shushka mariyu/ledhaa pakshika-shushka paristhitulanu anubhavistunnanduna, mexicolo karuvu atyanta saadhaarana prakruti vaipareetyaalalo okati. oka nirdishta praantamloo takkuva varshapaatam unnappudu karuvu sambhavistundi. phalitamgaa, prapanchavyaaptamgaa chaalaa mandhi prajalu aadhaarapade vyavasaya utpatti vyavasthalanu karuvu gananeeyamgaa prabhaavitam chestundi. adhika ushnogratalu bhoomini endabettadam valla kooda karuvu prabhaavitamavutundi. uttara america antataa karuvu chaalaa saadhaaranam mariyu avi 5 sthaayila teevratanu kaligi untaayi. saadhaaranamgaa karuvu vanti paristhitulanu edurkone mexico praantaalu veracruz, tabasco mariyu eucaton varaku untaayi. 2016 maeloe, meksikoolooni bhuu uparitala vaisaalyam yokka 14.3% karuvu sthaayilalo madhyasta sthaayi nundi teevra sthaayiki naatakeeya maarpunu edurkondi. november nelanu pradhanamgaa varshakalamlo tadi kaalam mugise mariyu podi kaalam praarambhamayye samayam anie pilustaaru. ayithe, 2016 navambarulo, eucaton dveepakalpam mariyu tabascoloni praantaalu munupati podi seejantho paatu nirantaraayamgaa karuvunu kaligi unnaayi, idhi ippativaraku 40va podi nelaga pariganinchabadindi.
bhoogarbha jalaalu.
mexico antataa kanipinche bhoogarbha jalaalanu vividha rakaluga upayogistaaru. mexicolo bhoogarbha jalaalanu samarthavantamgaa upayoginchukune moodu margalu viniyogam, pampinhee mariyu viniyogam. daani viniyogaaniki sambandhinchi, bhoogarbha jalaalu mexicolo chaalaa bahumukhamgaa unnaayi, daani bhouthika lakshanaala kaaranamgaa. bhoogarbha jalaalu pradhanamgaa jalacharaalalo nilva cheyabadataayi kabatti, edaadi podavunaa cherukovadam chaalaa sulabham, tadwara deshaaniki saamaajika-aardhikamgaa kooda prayojanam chekuurustumdi. pampinhee vishayaanikosthe, mundu cheppinatlugaa, bhoogarbha jalaalu vividha jalacharaalalo nilva cheyabadataayi, ivi aacharanatmakamgaa eppudaina andubaatulo untaayi. khachitamgaa cheppalante, mexicolo desavyaaptamgaa 653 jalacharaalu unnaayi. idhi raajyaamgaaniki kooda sambandhinchinadi, endukante mexicolo viniyoginchadagina neetilo 39 saatam jalacharaala vanti vanarula nundi vastundi. ayithe, mexicolo andubaatulo unna bhoogarbhajala vanarula mottaanni parigananaloki teesukunte, 2016loe, pradhanamgaa baja californialo unna jalacharaalu adhika sthaayi lavaneeyam mariyu uppuneetini suuchistaayi. 32 jalacharaalu uppuneeti chorabaatuto gurtinchabaddaayi, tadwara ippatikee swachchamaina neetiki parimita praapyatanu srushtistunnaayi.
charitra mariyu iteevali parinaamaalu.
madhyaamerikaanu jayinchadaaniki mundu, neeru anedi sthaanika samajalanu ekam chese oka devata vanaru. neeru devatalu icchina bahumatigaa bhaavinchabadindi, anduvalla adhika sthaayi gowravam mariyu rakshanaku nilabadindi. sthaanika prajalu injaneering yokka adbhutamaina vijayaalanu pradarsinchaaru, sanklishtamaina neeti saagu vyavasthalanu srushtinchaaru, ivi rendoo vaari pedda janaabhaaku neetini andinchaayi mariyu sahaja vanarulanu sthiramgaa samrakshinchaayi. neeti patla spanish vidhanam neeti yokka swadeshi viluva mariyu paryaavarana parirakshana yokka nibaddhataku puurtigaa viruddhamgaa undhi. praathamika vanarulu sthaanika neeti vyavasthala chaaturyam mariyu sanklishtata gurinchi spaniards yokka prarambha vismayaanni velladistaayi, mukhyamgaa mexico saamrajyam yokka rajadhani nagara-raashtramaina tenochtitlan (ippudu mexico city anie pilustaaru) nirmaanam, idhi oka apaaramaina sarassu madhyalo nirminchabadindi.
valasarajyala kaalamlo mexico nagaramlo aavartana mariyu vidhvamsaka varadalanu nivaarinchadam valla rajadhani antargata sarassu vyavastha yokka pradhana bhuubhaagaaniki taralinchavalasi vachindi. badulugaa, spanish kireetam millionla pesolanu pettubadi petti, padivela mandhi swadeshi purushulanu tappanisari sramatho oka sorangam mariyu taruvaata mexico pareevaahaka praantam nundi neetini bayataku teeyadaaniki oka bahiranga kandakaanni nirminchadaaniki sameekarinchindi. spanish vaaru anakattalanu nirminchadam, adavulanu tagalabettadam, sarassulu, kaaluvala nundi neetini mallinchadam vanti aneka paddhatulanu sulabhataram chesaaru, ivi chivariki paryaavarana vinaasanaaniki daariteestaayi. desagu" chivaraku pantommidava sataabdam chivaralo porpherio diaz aadhvaryamlo puurtayimdi, athanu 47 kimmy podupu cheyadaaniki aadhunika yantraalanu upayoginchi prajectunu puurti cheyadaaniki british vyavasthaapakudu wheatman piyarsantho oppandam kudurchukunnadu. kandakam.
1910la naati mexican viplavam, mukhyamgaa bhoomi mariyu saamaajika hakkula rangamlo, bhaarii maarpulanu teesukuvacchindi. mukhyamgaa, 1917loe aamodinchabadina mexican rajyangam, "egido" vyavastha anie piluvabade mataparamaina bhoomula hakkutho sahaa pradhana bhuu samskaranalanu praarambhinchindi. eee vyavastha pratyaekamgaa sthaanika samaajaalaku nivasinchadaaniki mariyu pani cheyadaaniki saampradayakamgaa mataparamaina bhoomulanu chattabaddhamgaa kaligi undataaniki anumatinchindi. eee bhuu hakkulalo bhuubhaagamlooni edainaa neeti vanarula yajamanyam kooda untundi. antekakunda, neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhya baadhyata pratyaekamgaa samakhya prabhutvaaniki ketayinchabadindi, idhi viplavam taruvaata aneka dasabdaluga konasagina baadhyata.
20va sataabdam rendava bhaagamlo, mexican neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhya rangam daani paniteerunu meruguparachadaaniki samsthalo aneka maarpulaku guraindi.
1948-1983: kendrikarana.
1948 nundi, maiguel aleman (1946-1952) adhyakshatana, mexican pattana neeti sarafara vyavasthala baadhyata samakhya prabhutva aadhvaryamlo neeti vanarula mantritva saakha ("secretaria dii rickersos hydricos"-srh) kii appaginchabadindi. daadaapu 30 samvatsaraala paatu, mottam pattana neeti samsthanu esrhetch lopala saadhaarana neeru mariyu paarisuddhya kamitee pranaalika chesi nirvahinchindi. sthaanika sthaayilo, samakhya jala bordulu kontha sthaanika bhagaswamyanni sulabhataram chesaayi, conny vaastavaaniki esrhetch paie kooda aadharapadi unnaayi.
1971loe, luis echeveria (1970-1976) adhyakshatana, pattana janabhalo adhika perugudalanu edurkontunna neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhya vyavasthala kosam oka kotta kamiteeni pravesapettaaru, idhi sevalanu andinche kendrikruta vyavastha saamarthyaanni minchipoyindi. jaateeya sthaayilo marinta pratyaekamaina samsthalanu erpaatu chesinappatiki, samakhya prabhutvaaniki chivaraku rashtraalu mariyu munisipaalitiilaku sevalanu vikendrikarinchadam tappa vaerae maargam ledhu. neeti sarafara samakhya prabhutvam nundi bahumatigaa undaalane nammakam aaa kendrikarana kaalam yokka vidhanalalo paatukupoyi undavacchu. 1982loe, chamuru dharala taggudala kaaranamgaa mexican aardhika vyavastha kuppakoolindi, mariyu samakhya prabhutva vyayam teevramgaa parimitam cheyabadindi.
1983-1989: vikendrikarana.
mexican aardhika vyavastha patanam taruvaata adhyakshudu miguel dii laa modrid (1982-1988) baadhyatalu sweekarinchaaru. ayana paripaalanalo, saadhaarana vikendrikarana prakriya yokka chatramlo neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhya sevalanu andinchadaaniki munisipaalitiilaku appaginchaaru. adhe samayamlo, saanketika mariyu aardhika sahaayaaniki rashtra prabhutvaalanu baadhyatagaa chesaaru. sevalanu andinchadaaniki purapalaka sanghaala saamarthyam gurinchi nirnayinchadaaniki kooda vaariki adhikaram ivvabadindi. chaalaa munisipaalitiilu tama kotta baadhyatalanu neraverchukovadaaniki avasaramaina aardhika vanarulanu ledhaa saanketika sahayanni pondaledu. anduke 1988loe 31 mexican rashtraalalo 10 matrame munisipaalitiilaku baadhyatanu appaginchaayi mariyu vaaru chesina chota, seva naanhyata mariyu saamarthyam saadhaaranamgaa ksheeninchaayi.
1989-1990 luh konaguvanu srushtinchadam mariyu marinta vikendrikarana.
1988loe ennikaina adhyakshudu carlos salinas, 1989loe jaateeya neeti commission ledhaa "commission national dell agua" (konaguwa) nuu srushtinchi, gananeeyamaina ranga samskarananu praarambhinchaaru, idhi nedu mexican neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhyamlo keelaka paatra poeshistoemdi (krinda chudandi). praarambhamlo, saanketika sahayam mariyu aardhika vanarula dwara seva pradaatalanu balopetam cheyadaaniki samakhya vidhaanaalanu nirvachinche panini appaginchaaru. konnaguwa, vikendrikarana prakriyanu balopetam cheyadaaniki, sunkaala paaradarsakatanu meruguparachadaaniki mariyu seva nibandhanaku nijamaina kharchula aadhaaramgaa mariyu raajakeeya prabhavam lekunda sunkaala svayampratipattini pravesapettadaaniki tvaralo itara suuchanalatoe paatu sifaarsu cheyabadindi. paryavasanamga, konaguva maargadarsakaalanu paakshikamgaa anusarinchi aneka neeti chattalu pravesapettabaddaayi ledhaa savarinchabaddaayi. 1996loe 21 rashtraalu munisipal servies providerlaku servies provisionu badilee chesaayi.
2000luh kotta neeti chattaala pratipaadanalu.
jaateeya neeti chattam yokka 2003 savarana jaateeya neeti aardhika vyavasthanu srushtinchadam dwara aardhika nirnayaalato sahaa nadhee pareevaahaka praantaala sthaayilo samakhya mariyu rashtra sthaayila nundi kottagaa srushtinchabadina samsthalaku konni vidhulanu badilee cheyadaanni oohinchindi. kotta chattamloni nibandhanalanu amalu cheyalsi undhi.
2015loe prabhutvam oka kotta saadhaarana neeti chattanni pravesapettindi, idhi servies operatorla aardhika susthiratanu nirdhaarinchadaaniki munisipaalitiilanu korutundi. idhi purapalaka sanghaala sanghaalanu mariyu private ranga bhagaswamyanni kooda prothsahistundi. inca, idhi samakhya, rashtra mariyu purapalaka prabhutvaala madhya sambandhaanni spashtam chestundi, idhi rashtra prabhutvaalaku balamaina paatranu andistundi. raitulu mariyu nagaravaasula vyayamtho ganula tavvakam mariyu indhana parisramaku prayojanam chekuurustumdani paerkontuu "agua paaraa todos" vedikapai poura samaja samuuhaalu eee chattanni vyatiraekimchaayi. eee chattam muruguneeti suddhini nirlakshyam chesi kendrikruta nirnayam teesukovadam mariyu redd tape samasyanu taginantagaa parishkarinchadani water operators association anius vimarsinchindi. musaida chattampai chaalaa takkuva sampradimpulu jarigaayi mariyu juun 2015 loe saasanasabha ennikalaku mundu idhi aamodinchabade avakaasaalu takkuvagaa unnayani chebutaaru.
neeti chattalu mariyu niyantrana.
1917 mexican rajyangam.
mottamodatagaa, 1917loe sthaapinchabadina mexico rajyangam, meksikoolooni mottam neetini "jaateeya jalaalu" gaa pariganistunnatlu perkondi. idhi meksikoku anni water mexico hakkulu unna praamganaanni nirdesistundi mariyu vaaru praadaesika hakkulanu kaligi unnanduna vaaru ishtapadedi cheyavachu. atuvanti praadaesika hakkula nundi minahaayinchabadina ekaika neeru varshapu neeru, mukhyamgaa adhi mexican bhoomini taakaledani bhaavinchi bhoomini taakadaaniki mundu. matti, uppu ganulu mariyu drava petrolium dwara srushtinchabadina samudrapu neeru vanti neeti vanti vividha sahaja vanarulapai kooda meksikoku hakkulu unnaayi. samudramloki pravahinche anni madugulu, sahaja sarassulu, nadulu, pravahalu, neeti buggalu mariyu itara neeti vanarulu, neerugaa anusandhaaninchabadina pravahalu, vividha raashtraala madhya pravahinche pravahalu, vividha deshaala sarihaddula venta pravahinche mariyu velikiteese bhoogarbha jalaalapai kooda vaariki hakkulu unnaayi. private neeti vanarulatho sahaa saamaajika demandlu maarutunnanduna private aastini niyantrinche hakku deshaaniki undani rajyangam perkondi. atuvanti neetini dopidi cheyakunda ledhaa debbatinakunda undaalane uddesyamto kotta moulika sadupaayaalanu nirminchadam, vyavasayam mariyu vyavasaya prakriyanu anukarinchadam dwara atuvanti private bhoomini niyantristaaru.
neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhyam baadhyata.
vidhanam mariyu niyantrana.
jaateeya sthaayilo aaru samvatsaraala rashtra abhivruddhi pranaalikala dwara praadhaanyatalu nirnayinchabadataayi. 2007-2012 jaateeya neeti karyakramam ("programme national hidrico") eee krindi vaatini cherukovadanni lakshyamgaa pettukundihi
neeru mariyu paarisuddhyam kosam samakhya vidhaanaalanu paryaavarana mantritva saakha krinda baga sthirapadina swayampratipatti kaligina samsthagaa maarina konagwa nirdesistundi. eee rangam yokka aardhika ketayimpulo konaguva keelaka paatra poeshistumdi. neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhyamtho paatu, idhi neeti vanarula nirvahana, neetipaarudala, varada rakshana mariyu sibbandi sevalaku kooda baadhyata vahistundi.
praantiiya sthaayilo, neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhyam baadhyata 31 mexican rashtraalalo maarutuu untundi. vaarilo chaalaa mandhi rashtra neeti kamishanlanu ("commission estatle dii agua"-cea) srushtinchaaru, ivi saadhaaranamgaa rashtra praja panula mantritva saakha adhikaaramlo unde swayampratipatti kaligina samsthalu. vaatilo chaalaa varaku munisipaalitiilaku saanketika sahayanni andistaayi mariyu konni neeti pampinhee vyavasthalanu nirvahistaayi.
mexico-yuu.ess. jala oppandaalanu antarjaateeya sarihaddu mariyu neeti commission samyuktamgaa nirvahistundi, idhi sarihaddunu nirvahinchadaaniki, rendu deshaala madhya nadhee jalaalanu ketaayinchadaaniki mariyu varada niyantrana mariyu neeti paarisuddhyaanni andinchadaaniki 1889loe sthaapinchabadindi. okappudu antarjaateeya sahakaaraaniki oka namoonaga pariganinchabadina iteevali dasaabdaalalo ibdabluci aadhunika saamaajika, paryaavarana mariyu raajakeeya samasyalatho adhigaminchabadina samsthaagata kalakramanusaranga teevramgaa vimarsinchabadindi.
sevala ketayimpu.
mexican rajyangam prakaram 1983 vikendrikarana nundi neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhya sevala pampinhee baadhyata 2,517 munisipaalitiilaku undhi. ayithe, konni rashtraalu munisipaalitiila tarapuna rashtra neeti companyla dwara sevalanu andistunnaayi. konni sandarbhaallo, rashtra samsthalu neerugaa neeru mariyu paarisuddhya sevalanu andistaayi. graameena praantaallo neeti bordulu (juntaalu) neeti sarafaraaku baadhyata vahistaayi.
sthaanika sthaayilo vividha vidhanalu mariyu kaaryakramaala kaaranamgaa, sevalanu neerugaa munisipaalitiilu ledhaa sahakaara sanghaalu, prabhutva ledhaa private utilitylu andistaayi, ivi parimaanam, swayampratipatti, paniteeru mariyu aardhika saamardhyaaniki sambandhinchi gananeeyamgaa bhinnamgaa untaayi. chaalaa providerlu raajakeeya swaatantryam mariyu aardhika saamarthyaanni kaligi laenappatikee, samarthavantamgaa nirvahinche konni mukhyamaina minahaayimpulu unnaayi.
praivaetu rangam bhagaswamyam.
moodu mexican nagarallo, 2011 praarambhamlo private companylu neeru mariyu paarisuddhya sevalanu andistunnaayih canson, saltillo mariyu aguascalients. moodu nagarallo atipeddadi ayina consun raayitee, 1993loe pradaanam cheyabadina atyanta puraatana raayitee. 2011 natiki, dheenini grupo mexicano dii desarolo (gmd) kaligi undhi, idhi france nundi suez environment kuu kontha yajamanyamlo undhi. 2001loe saltillo erpaatu chesina mishrama prabhutva-private companylo private vaatalu, suez environment yokka spanish anubandha samstha aguas dii barcelona vadda unnaayi.
aguascalienteslo sevalanu france nundi veelia environment mariyu latin american market kosam spanish nirmaana samstha eff. sii. sii. madhya joint venture ayina proactivo media ambient andistundi. 2011 natiki, shaan luis potosi, tijuwana mariyu tukstla guteerejlatho praarambhinchi marinta neeti raayiteelanu manjuru cheyaalani prabhutvam yochinchindi. chattaparamaina chatraanni merugupariche raayitee chattam marchi 2011 natiki mexican paarlamentu sameekshalo undhi.
puebla rashtram 2013loe mexican company aguas dii meksikoku 30 samvatsaraala neeru mariyu paarisuddhya raayiteeni ichindi, mariyu 2015loe veracruz rashtram saltillo sthaapinchina namuunaanu anusarinchi mishrama samsthanu srushtinchindi.
samarthatha.
neeru mariyu paarisuddhya sevala saamarthyam mariyu naanhyata vistrutamgaa maarutuu untaayi, idhi desavyaaptamgaa vividha sthaayila abhivruddhini pratibimbistumdi. 2011loe mexicolo sagatuna aadaaya rahita neeti sthaayi imta prakaram 38 saatam, konaguwa prakaram 47 saatam, baga nadiche viniyogaala kante daadaapu rendu retlu ekkuva. 2011loe kooda, 120 viniyogaala namoonaalo 1,000 connectionlaku sagatu sibbandi 3,5, mariyu 4.9 konaguwa vislaeshimchina vaerae namuunaa prakaram.
aardhika amsaalu.
sunkaalu.
mexican sagatu sunkam prati m3 (US $0.32) latin america mariyu carabian (US $0.65) loe sagatulo sagam. ayithe, vividha chattaparamaina chatraalanu batti purapalaka sthaayilo sunkaalu nirnayinchabadataayi kabatti, avi gananeeyamgaa bhinnamgaa untaayi. tatphalitamgaa, tijuvaanaaloni desheeya viniyogadaarulu nelawari 30 millionlaku maaku $1.1 chellistaaru, ayithe villahermosaloni viniyogadaarulu adhe mottaaniki maaku $0.05 matrame chellistaaru.
mottam billulalo sagatuna 72 saatam matrame chellinchabadutunnaayi. 31 saatam mandhi neeti viniyogadaarulu meterlu laenivaaru mariyu viniyogaaniki bhinnamgaa flat retutho vasoolu cheyabadataru. saadhaaranamgaa, vaanijya mariyu paarisraamika viniyogadaarulaku puurti kharchu recoveryki daggaragaa sunkaalu vasoolu cheyabadataayi, ayithe nivaasa viniyogadaarulaku cross subsidy ivvabadutundi.
paarisuddhyam saadhaaranamgaa neeti billulo chinna saatam vataga vasoolu cheyabadutundi.
kharchula recovery.
mexicolo sunkaala sthaayilu mariyu nirmaanaalu vistrutamgaa maarutuu untaayi kabatti, kontamandi providerlu anni kharchulanu puurtigaa tirigi pondutaaru, marikondaru nirvahana kharchulanu kooda bharincharu. mexicolo neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhya aadaayaalaku sambandhinchi nammadagina ganaamkaalu laevu. ayithe, eee rangam mottam konchem swalpamaina nagadu migulu utpatti chestundani telustondi, idhi aardhika saamarthyam kante nirvahana mariyu aadhuneekaranapai avasaramaina kharchulalo koratanu pratibimbistumdi. konaguwa prakaram, 2006loe mottam sunkam sekaranalu 2 billion dollarlu (mxp21.2 billion). 96 viniyogaala namuunaa aadhaaramgaa 2011loe IMTA anchanaa prakaram, mottam neeti billulalo 73 saatam matrame sagatuna sekarinchabaddaayi.
pettubadi.
konaguva prakaram, 2011loe eee rangamlo 2.20 billion dollarlu (28.6 billionla million dollarlu) pettubadi pettaru, idhi talasari 19 dollarlu. 1996 nundi 2002 varaku talasari $3.7 mariyu $5.5 madhya unna pettubaditho poliste, idhi gananeeyamaina perugudala. water operators association anias prakaram, chaaritraatmaka takkuva pettubadulanu bharti cheyadaaniki meksikoku samvatsaraaniki 6.6 billion dollarla pettubadulu avasaram.
financing.
pettubadulaku samakhya (2011loe 61 saatam, 2005loe 33 saatam), rashtra (2011 mariyu 2005loe 23 saatam), sthaanika raayiteelu (2011loe 11 saatam, 2005loe 14 saatam) mariyu itara vanarulu (2011loe 5 saatam, 2005loe 31 saatam nundi), rendodi swayam-aardhika, runaalu mariyu private nidhulatho sahaa nidhulu samakuurustaayi. moodinta rendu vantula pettubadi aneka konaguwa kaaryakramaala dwara jarugutundi. jaateeya, praantiiya mariyu sthaanika sthaayilo ativyaapti chendutunna pranaalika mariyu budget chakralu, alaage paelavamaina samanvaya pettubadi pranaalikalu kaaranamgaa, project pranaalika chaalaa kashtam.
bahya maddatu.
mexicolo chaalaa varaku neeru mariyu paarisuddhya pettubadulaku desheeyamgaa nidhulu samakuurustaaru. neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhyam kosam pradhana bahya runadaatalalo prapancha byaanku mariyu inter-american development byaank unnaayi, ivi tama runaalanu jaateeya neeti commission dwara viniyoga samsthalaku andistaayi. japan antarjaateeya sahakaara samstha (zeeka) 2005 nundi mexico nagaramlo traaguneeti naanhyata niyantrana prajectuku maddatu istundi.
prapancha byaanku.
2004 nundi 2009 varaku gwanajuwato raashtramlo 300 million dollarla prajectuku prapancha byaanku maddatu ichindi, indulo 40 saatam neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhyam kosam ketayinchabadindi. 2005loe aamodinchabadina neeru mariyu paarisuddhya rangam aadhuneekarana kosam 55.2 laksala dollarla saanketika sahaya prajectuku kooda idhi maddatu ichindi.
inter-american development byaank.
vikendrikarana, samaja abhivruddhi mariyu bhaagaswaamyampai drushti saarinchi meksikoolooni graameena neeti sarafara mariyu paarisuddhya prajectula shreniki inter-american development byaank nidhulu samakuurchindi. idhi 1998loe aamodinchabadina modati US $560 millionla prajectutho praarambhamaindi, 20 rashtraallo community development mariyu bhagaswamyam, taruvaata 2005loe aamodinchabadina rendava US $292.5 million project. 2010 praarambhamlo US $200 millionla vyayamtho moodava dasha tayaareeloo undhi.
proma.
prome antey programme dii majoramiento dii ephysiencia dii organismas operadors, aanglamlo mexico water utilities efficiency improvement project anie anuvadistundi. prome 2010loe sthaapinchabadindi mariyu desavyaaptamgaa prastuta viniyogaalanu marinta indhana saamardhyamtho meruguparachadaaniki ankitam cheyabadindi. ranga subsidilanu tagginchadaaniki mexican prabhutvam pratyaekamgaa eee prajectunu praarambhinchindi. neeti viniyogaalu pradhana lakshyaalalo okati. 2005loe prome aalochana rakamunde, meksikoolooni pattana janabhalo 98 saatam mandiki merugaina neeti vanarulu andubaatulo undevi. ayithe, vaari providerla nundi aardhika sthirathvam lekapovadam mariyu adhika saamarthyam kaaranamgaa mottam 98 saatam nundi vanarulu chaalaa asamarthamgaa unnaayi. mexicolo atyanta naanhyamaina neeti sevalanu andinchadaaniki prome eee rendu samasyalanu parishkarinchadaaniki prayatninchindi. eee project mexico yokka jaateeya neeti commission (konaguwa) thoo kalisi panichesindi. konaguva mariyu prome nundi kanipinchina konni falitalalo 25 mexican raashtraalloni 91 neeti viniyoga samsthalatho kalisi panicheyadam, 12 neeti viniyoga samsthalatho vaanijya viniyogamlo 5 saatam perugudalanu namodu chesindi, mariyu sepaul, jalasko nundi oka viniyoga samstha, vaari samstha inca abhivruddhi chendutunnappudu vaari neeti viniyogaanni tagginchindi, tadwara avasaramaina vaariki ekkuva viniyogaanni vadilivesindi.
samsthalu mariyu karyakramalu.
lerma-chapala nadhee pareevaahaka mandali.
lerma-chapala nadhee pareevaahaka mandalini modatisaarigaa 1993loe pravesapettaaru, idhi munupati nadhee pareevaahaka mandali nundi merugudala mandali. lerma-chapala kounsilnu mexican federal prabhutvam alaage aidu rashtra prabhutvaalu sthaapinchaayi. mexico nagaram, queretaro, gwanajuwato, jalisco mariyu michovakan praantaalalo neeti viniyogaanni ketayinche kaaryakramaalanu roopondinchadam rendu councils lakshyam. eee aidu rashtraalu eee mandalini sthaapinchadaaniki enchukunnaayi, endukante eee aidu raashtraala gundaa pravahinche nadhi pareevaahaka praantam lerma nadhi nundi chapala sarassuku pravahistundi. eee nadini panchukune mottam aidu rashtraallo sumaru 11,300,00 mottam samyukta nivaasitulu unnaaru, avi kooda chaalaa nissaramga sagatuna 7.2 meterla lothu untaayi. neeti korata, kalushyam, sarassu chapala loe maarpu mariyu mottam pareevaahaka paryaavarana vyavasthalo maarpulu anae naalugu pradhana neeti samasyalanu council parishkarinchaalanukuntundi. ituvanti samasyalanu parishkarinchadaaniki vidhaanaalanu roopondinchadam, nadhi neeti naanhyatanu suddhi cheyadam, viniyoga saamarthyaanni penchadam mariyu pareevaahaka praantaanni elaa parirakshinchaalo telusukovadam dwara neeti samaana pampineepai council tama sonta prayatnaalapai drushti pettindi.
sierra madrey neeti karyakramam.
sierra madrey neeti karyakramam mexico mariyu gwatemala rendintiloonuu takkuva aadaaya gramalu mariyu communitylaku sahayam cheyadaaniki roopondinchabadindi mariyu idhi water chaaritii, national pease corps association mariyu sexto cole center pharr community action madhya bhagaswamyam. mottammeeda, eee karyakramam moodu vishayalanu meruguparachadam lakshyamgaa pettukundihi sumaru 300 graamaalaku surakshitamaina neeru, paarisuddhyam mariyu aarogya sevalu. vividha gruhaalalo parisubhrata mariyu vyavasayam kosam upayogistunnatlayite, vaari uddeshaalatho surakshitamgaa undaalani kooda vaaru aasistunnaaru. ikkada surakshitamaina neetini amalu cheyadaaniki panichestunna konni prajectulu neeti saanketika parignaanaanni meruguparustunnaayi, neeti line dwara graamaalaku anusandhaaninchabadina tankulanu kaligi unna bhavanalu vantivi jodinchabadutunnaayi. pampulu, baavulu, varshapu neeti pareevaahaka vyavasthalu, neeti suddeekarana parishkaralu, neetipaarudala vyavasthalu, kaaluvalu modalaina marinta saadhaarana vishayalanu amalu cheyadam. gramanni batti, eee karyakramam andubaatulo undataaniki badulu aarogyam, parisubhrata mariyu paarisuddhyampai drushti saarinche upa prajectulanu kooda naduputundi. kliniklu, snaanapu gadulu mariyu chethi kadukkovadam kendraalu vanti prajectulu aarogyam mariyu parisubhratalo praadhaanyatanistaayi. 2014 natiki, eee karyakramam ippatike 8 mexican gramalalo vividha graamavyaapta prajectulanu puurti chesindi mariyu netikee konasagutondi.
aardhika vyavasthaku nidhulu.
fundasian contaro azul anedi mexico antataa prajalaku swachchamaina neeru, paarisuddhyam mariyu parisubhramaina paddhatulanu andinchadaaniki bahula-kramasikshanaa vidhananni teesukune mexico looni chiapas yokka laabhaapekshaleni samstha."fundasian contaro azul (fca) daani lakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki vistruta shreni kaaryakalaapaalaku lonavutundi. eee samstha pradhanamgaa neeti paarisuddhyam mariyu gruha neeti paarisuddhyam vanti parisubhramaina saanketika parignaanaanni srushtistundi mariyu andistundi, idhi manchi neeti naanhyata mariyu itara prajaarogya prayojanaalato gruhalu mariyu sanghaalanu nirdhaaristundi. eee kaaryakalaapaalato paatu, fca project pradaesaalaloo naanhyatanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki parisoedhana nirvahistundi. alaage, vaaru manchi parisubhrata paddhatulanu prothsahinche vidya kaaryakramaalaku maddatu istaaru. prati project aaa community avasaralaku anugunamgaa undela chuudataaniki vaaru communitylatho paatu sthaanika aarogya sevalu, prabhutvaalu mariyu samsthalatho kalisi panicheestaaru.

