carle brunner (aardhikavetta)

carle brunner (,; 16 fibravari 1916-9 mae 1989) oka swiss aardhikavetta.
jeevita charitra.
carle brunner 1916 fibravari 16naa jurich loe janminchaaru. athanu jurich vishwavidyaalayam mariyu london school off economicslo aardhika saastraanni abhyasinchaadu, abhyasinchaadu jurich vishwavidhyaalayamlo doctorate pondaadu. pondaadu chikago vishwavidhyaalayamloni couls commissionlo visiting pheloga padavini chepattadaaniki switzerlandnu vidichipettadu. rendu samvatsaraala phelowship taruvaata, brunner brunner california vishwavidyaalayam (ucla) loe vidya vruttini praarambhinchadaaniki laas angelsku vellaaru, akkada athanu assistant professor nundi associate professorga mariyu 1961 nundi puurti professorga panicheesaaru. muulam rochester vishwavidhyaalayaaniki velladaaniki mundu mundu ohiyo state vishwavidhyaalayamlo professorga niyamitulayyaaru. niyamitulayyaaru germanyloni constange vishwavidhyaalayamlo (1969-1973), aaa taruvaata switzerlandloni bern vishwavidhyaalayamlo (1974-1985) professorga angeekarinchina taruvaata brunner tarachugaa airopaku tirigi vacchaadu. vacchaadu brunnerku fred hetch anie paeru pettaru. rochester vishwavidhyaalayamlo aardhika shaastra professor gaa panichesina goven, 1989 mae 9naa thana maranam varaku aaa padaviloe konasagaru.
carle brunner thana 43 samvatsaraala vruttiparamaina kereerlo 87 journal kathanaalu, 4 pustakaalu, 36 samputaalanu savarinchaaru ledhaa saha-savarinchaaru, pustakaalu, samputaalu, samavesalu mariyu congress vichaaranalaku 71 kathanaalanu andinchaaru mariyu 12 prachurinchani patraalanu vadilipettaaru. ayana rendu pramukha vidya patrikalanu sthaapinchaaru, avi "journal off manee, credit und banking" banking" mariyu "journal off monetary economics" economics". athanu constange, interlocken mariyu carnegie-rochester (allon meltzertho) samavesalanu, alaage shahdo open market kamiteeni kamiteeni, mallee meltzertho) kooda praarambhinchaadu.
ayana 100va puttinaroju sandarbhamgaa, swiss national byaank byaank "carle brunner vishishta upanyaasa shreni" nii praarambhinchindi. modati upanyasanni jurich loe kenneth ragoff icchaaru.
dravyavaadam.
carle brunner brunner "monetarism" anae padaanni aardhika shaastram yokka pradhana sravanti padajaalamloki pravesapettaadu. praathamikamgaa, brunner monetarisamnu mottam drugvishayaala vislaeshanhaku saapeksha-dhara siddhaantam yokka anuvartanamgaa bhaavinchaaru. arjo clamertho thana interviewlo, athanu mukhyamgaa ilaa perkonnaduh "mottam aardhika saastramlo emi jarugutundo ardham chesukovadaniki dhara siddhaantam yokka auchityaanni punarudghaatinchadam anedi dravyavaadam yokka praathamika siddhaantam. maa praathamika vishayam emitante, dhara siddhaantam anedi oka keelakamaina namuunaa-vaastavaaniki, ekaika namuunaa-aardhikavettalu kaligi unnaaru "(clamour 1984, p. 183).
dravyavaadam yokka eee pratyeka bhavana ucllo brunner anubhavaniki daggari sambandham unnatlu anipistundihi "aardhika vislaeshanhanu kramapaddhatilo vartimpajese aardhikavettala brundamtho mukhamukhi chaalaa baadhaakaramainadi (antey.ii. dhara siddhaantam) mana prapanchamlooni saamaajika samasyalaku. phalitamgaa erpadina gandaragolalu saraina paryaavaranaaniki saaravantamaina bhoomini icchaayi, 1950la praarambhamlo ucla naaku saraina pradaesam. suukshmamaina manassutho shaashwata charcha (armaine eah. alchian), sains yokka spashtamaina tatwavetta (rechenbatch) yokka prabhavam, mariyu prasninchadam mariyu nischayinchukunna vidyaarthula adrushtam (allon hetch. meltzer, tibor fabian, taruvaata jerrie jordan mariyu itarulu) medho pogamanchunu chedaragottaaru mariyu kramamga aardhikasaastram gurinchi naa aalochananu mariyu prapanchaanni ardham chesukune mana prayatnamlo daani paatranu roopondinchaaru "(brunner 1980, p. 403). adevidhamgaa, "meeru eppudu aardhikavetta ayyaru?" anae prasnaku.", brunner ilaa samaadhaanamichaaduh" alchianto naa charchalalo prasnanu tirigi pariseelinchadam naaku nijamgaa chaalaa aasaktikaramgaa anipistundi "(clamour 1984, p. 182).  
marinta pratyaekamgaa, brunner "dravyavaada drukpathaanni vargeekarinche pradhana pratipaadanalanu naalugu samuhaluga nirvahinchavacchu" anie bhaavinchaaru. eee samuuhaalu prasaara yantraangam, private rangam yokka dynamic lakshanaalu, dravya preranala yokka aadhipatyam mariyu swabhaavam mariyu samagra mariyu ketayimpu saktula vibhajana yokka vivaranalanu kaligi unnaayi "(brunner 1970, p. 2).
dravya vidhananni prasaram cheyadam.
paie ullekhanamlo, alaage dravyavaadam yokka lakshanaalanu soochinche pradhana pratipaadanala yokka itara khatalalo, carle brunner modata dravya vidhanam yokka prasaara yantraamgaanni kramapaddhatilo prastaavinchaaru. brunner mariyu allon meltzer (1976) prakaram, oka dravya badilee yantraangam "dabbulo maarpulu saapeksha dharalanu savaristaayi mariyu prastuta muuladhana securitylu, runaalu mariyu prastuta utpatti kosam marketlaku vyaapinchae pratyaamnaaya prakriyanu praarambhistaayi" (p. 97).  saapeksha-dhara kadalikalu pooshinchina pradhana paatra brunner 'prasaara prakriya' mariyu 'saapeksha-dhara prakriya' anae padaalanu parasparam marchukovadaniki daariteesindi. utpatti mariyu upaadhi hecchutaggulanu vivarinchadaaniki prasaara yantraamgaanni "saapeksha dhara siddhaantam yokka tagina anuvartanam" gaa ayana grahinchaaru (brunner 1968, p. 18).
marinta khachitamgaa, brunner mariyu meltzer pariganinche dravya vidhanam yokka prasaara yantraangam rendu dharala saapeksha pravartanapai aadharapadi untundi. modatidi, "p" dwara suchinchabade prastuta real assets dhara, idhi vaastavaaniki "prastuta" real capital dhara. rendavadi, "p" dwara suchinchabade utpatti dhara, idhi "kotta" nijamaina muuladhanaanni nirminchadaaniki mariyu viniyoga prayojanaala kosam upayoginche vastuvu yokka dhara. antekakunda, brunner mariyu meltzer avtput market kante aastula marketlalo samacharanni pondadaaniki ayye kharchulu takkuvagaa unnayani bhaavinchaaru. phalitamgaa, shacklaku pratispandanagaa "p" sardubaatu vegam "p" kante ekkuvagaa untundi.
dabbu sarafara vruddhi raetu perugudala antey "p" nundi "p" nishpatti perugudalanu suuchistumdi. dheeni ardham kotta muuladhanam dhara prastuta muuladhanam dharaku sambandhinchi padipoyindi, idhi private pettubadulanu prerepistundi (antey.ii. kotta muuladhanam yokka utpatti). antekakunda, "p" nundi "p" nishpatti perugudala kooda saanukuula sampada prabhavanni, aapai vyaktigata viniyogamlo perugudalanu srushtistundi. anduvalla, vistarana dravya vidhanam "p/p" perugudala dwara private mottam kharchulo prati bhaganni penchutundi. eee yantraangam yantraangam james tabin (tabins kyuu anie pilavabade) roopondinchina yantraamgaaniki daggaragaa undani gamaninchaali.
dabbu yokka muulam.
muulam, carle brunner mariyu allon meltzer marpidi maadhyamgaa dabbu yokka muulam gurinchi vislaeshanha chesaaru. akkada samarpinchina vivarana yokka aavasyakatalu aavasyakatalu journal off finance (brunner und meltzer 1964, p. 257-261).
kutumbaalu konugolu cheyalanukune vastuvula naanhyata gurinchi khachitamaina samacharam lekapovadam keelaka amsam. vastuvula naanhyata gurinchi samacharam kosam vetakadam anedi konni kharchulanu kaligi untundi, veeti mottam vastuvula vaareegaa gananeeyamgaa bhinnamgaa untundi. eee sandarbhamlo, chaalaa gruhaalaku tulanaatmakamgaa takkuva samachara kharchulu unna vastuvulu marpidi maadhyamgaa udbhavistaayih "market avakaasaalu mariyu vastuvula lakshanaala gurinchi ghnaanam pondadaaniki kharchulenidigaa ledhaa ekareetigaa pampinhee cheyabadani chota, marpidi maadhyamgaa dabbunu upayoginchadam valla marpidi yokka vanarula kharchu taggutundi... vyaktulaku, samacharam mariyu shodhana kosam ketaayinchina shramalo pettubadiki dabbu pratyaamnaayam. dabbunu upayoginchadam dwara, vyaktulu taamu pondavalasina, proses cheyavalasina mariyu nilva cheyavalasina samacharam mottaanni taggistaaru, mariyu vaaru tama prarambha viraalaalanu vastuvula saraina buttala kosam marpidi chesukovadaniki nimagnamayye lavadevila sankhyanu taggistaaru "(brunner mariyu meltzer 1971, p. 799).
dravya vidhanam mariyu dabbu vruddhi niyamaala rakshana.
rakshana, carle brunner (ekkuvagaa milton friedmantho ekibhavincharu) saraina vidhaanampai appati prajaadarana pondina saahityam, dheenilo "vidhana nirnetaku aardhika vyavasthaku sambandhinchina nirmaana sambandhaala gurinchi puurti ghnaanam mariyu saamaajika viniyoga vidhiloki pravesinche lakshya chararaasula samitini ivvabadutundi" (brunner mariyu meltzer 1969, p. 3), vaastava prapancha vidhana samasya yokka mukhyamaina amsaanni marchipoyaaru. allon meltzer sahakaaramtho, brunner "dravya vidhanam yokka lakshyalu mariyu suuchikalu" anie label cheyabadina vislaeshanhaatmaka frameworknu pratipaadinchaaru, dheenilo dravya vidhananni upayogakaramgaa charchinchi, vimarsinchavacchu. brunner mariyu meltzer (1969) maatallo cheppalante, "dravya vidhanam yokka suuchikanu enchukune samasya anedi vividha vidhana kalayikala yokka ottidini polchi nammadagina prakatanalu cheyadaaniki veelu kalpinche sthaayini kanugone samasyatho samanam" (p. 16).
puurti ghnaanam unna paristhitulalo, suuchika samasya puurtigaa chinnadi. eee sandarbhamlo, vaastavaaniki, edainaa chararaasipai edainaa palasi kalayika yokka ottidini ellappuduu puurti khachitatvamto lekkinchavacchu. ayithe, anischiti unnanduna, vishayalu bhinnamgaa untaayi. udaaharanaku, brunner mariyu meltzer tama chatramlo, uchita nilvala pravartana pravartana dravya vidhanam yokka vaikhariki vistrutamgaa moharinchina margadarshi) atuvanti nibandanalalo bhaavinchina vidhanam yokka bigutu ledhaa vadulutanaaniki ekaswaamyamgaa sambandham ledani chuupimchaaru. anduvalla, daanipai aadharapadatam antey vidhanam yokka vaikharini tappugaa ardham chesukune pramaadaanni amalu cheyadam, bahusha dheenini anukuula chakriya mariyu asthiraparichedigaa chestundi.
carle brunner taruvaata milton friedman pratipaadinchina rakamaina dabbu vruddhi niyamaalanu samarthinchaaru. vichakshanaa vidhanam konnisaarlu "asaadhaaranamaina sthirathvam mariyu vruddhi dasalanu" andistundani ayana vishwasinchaaru... ituvanti dasalu tappanisarigaa taatkaalika raajakeeya samuuhaalapai aadharapadi untaayi "(1984, p. 187). anduvalla iteevali samvatsaraalalo marinta praathamika vidhana samasyaku kendra samasyaga vichakshanaa vyavasthalooni nirdishta charyalu kakunda dravya kramam yokka "swabhaavam" udbhavinchindi (p. 188). phalitamgaa, "sthiramaina dravya vruddhi aadhaaramgaa dravya kramam yokka spashtamaina prayojanam" undhi (p. 204).
valrasian aardhika saastrampai vimarsalu.
maranaaniki kontakaalam mundu, carle brunner monetarisamnu "valrasian kaani sampradaayam yokka 'shaastreeya' karyakramam" gaa nirvachinchaaru (brunner 1989, p. 197). valrasian aardhikasaastram mukhyamgaa aneka samsthala aavirbhaavaaniki, mukhyamgaa dabbuku kaaranamavvalekapoyindi "samacharam lekapovadam mariyu lavadevila kharchula aadhaaramgaa valrasian namuunaa, atuvanti kharchula nirvahana dwara sharatu vidhinchabadina anni saamaajika drugvishayaalanu tappanisarigaa vadilivestundi. puurti samacharam mariyu lavadevila kharchulu lenappudu dabbu, aardhika madhyavartula vishayamlo etuvanti kaaranam undadu mariyu aneka itara saamaajika samsthalaku etuvanti hetubaddhata undadu... mana dravya mariyu aardhika vaastavikata yokka mukhyamaina samasyalu atuvanti valrasian sampradaayaaniki andubaatulo laevu "(p. 199).
neo-valrasian aardhikavettalalo, carle brunner kotta shaastreeya sthuula aardhika shaastram (nmc) rachayitalapai drushti pettaru. enn. sii. emm. vaipu darsakatvam vahinchina modati vimarsha hetubaddhamaina anchanaala parikalpanaku sambandhinchinadi. eee parikalpana prakaram, "prajalu dravya (mariyu aardhika) adhikarulu upayoginche vidhana niyamanni telusukuntaarani mariyu vividha rakaala shacklaku pratispandanala parimaanam mariyu samayamtho sahaa aardhika vyavastha yokka nirmaanam gurinchi vivaranaatmaka ghnaanam kaligi untaarani bhaavistaaru. eee anchanaalu namuunaalanu vislaeshanhaatmakamgaa vivarinchadaginavigaa chestaayi, conny aksharala (avi tarachugaa unnatlugaa), avi anischiti, aardhika vyavastha nirmaanam gurinchi asampoorna ghnaanam mariyu samacharanni pondadaaniki ayye kharchulanu vismarinchadam mariyu anischitini tagginchadam dwara vidhana samasyapai aardhikavetta drukpathaanni vakreekaristaayi "(brunner und meltzer 1993, p. 42). brunner tuu enn. sii. emm. prasanginchina rendava vimarsha samathoulyam yokka antar-taatkaalika bhavanaku sambandhinchinadih "vaari 'samathoulya vidhanam' yokka keelakamaina amsaala gurinchi kooda naaku balamaina abhyantaraalu unnaayi (clamour 1984, p. 191). kabatti kotta shaastreeya aardhika saastramlo tappu emiti?", brunner ilaa samaadhaanamichaaduh" samathoulya vislaeshanha gurinchi vaari vivarana naaku sandehaaspadamainadigaa anipistundi. eee "nirdishta" rakamaina samathoulya vislaeshanha "anni" dharalu "anni" shock-realisationlaku "sambandhinchi market clearing anie suuchistumdi (p. 192). phalitamgaa, "prastuta paristhitulaku dharala pratispandana lekapovadam" gurinchi enn. sii. emm. vivarinchalekapoyindi (brunner 1980, p. 417), i.ii. dhara stickiness.
vignaana shaastram yokka tatvasaastram mariyu parinaamaatmaka drukpatham.
thana vrutti jeevitaanni venakki tirigi choosthe, carle brunner taanu moodu vibhina pradhana samasyala samuuhaalapai shraddha chuupaanani bhaavinchaadu. okati dravya vislaeshanha mariyu vidhanam yokka paridhini kaligi untundi mariyu rendavadi mana anveshanhala dwara vyakteekarinchabadina mana abhignaa prayatnaala swabhaavaanni kaligi untundi. naa nirantara aasaktula chivari bhaagam gatha rendu samasyalatho naa vrutti nundi kalakramena abhivruddhi chendindi. aardhika vislaeshanha saamaajika-raajakeeya vaastavikata yokka mottam shreniki kramabaddhamaina vidhananni andistundi anae avagahana kramamga abhivruddhi chendindi "(brunner 1984, p. 404). eee vibhagam rendava mariyu moodava samuuhaalatoe vyavaharistundi.
oohala mariyu theory yokka abhignaa naanhyata" anae sheershikato oka kaagitamlo, carle brunner, milton friedman (thana prasiddha "saanukuula aardhika shaastram yokka paddati" loe) "oka siddhaantam yokka abhignaa naanhyatanu 'oohala' vaastavikata dwara anchanaa veyalemu, conny tagina pariseelanalatoo daani chikkula gharshana dwara teerpu ivvali" (brunner 1969, p. 503). parimita shreni anubhavika saakshyaala nundi edainaa saadhaarana siddhaantam yokka khachitamaina dhruvikarananu pondadam asaadhyamani brunner nokki chepparu. badulugaa, carle popper (1959) maadirigaane, athanu siddhaantaalanu abaddhalu cheppagala atuvanti saakshyaala saamarthyaanni etthi chuupaadu. adhe samayamlo, "ayithe, tappudu pareeksha prakatana dwara vaastava tiraskarana anedi oka siddhaantaanni tiraskarinchadaaniki avasaramainadi conny taginanta kaaranam kaadani nokki cheppadam mukhyam. mana empika tarachugaa chaalaa asampoorna siddhaantaala madhya untundi, i.ii., pareeksha-prakatanalanu "konni" tappudugaa niroopinche siddhaantaalu (sic) gatamlo pradarsinchabaddaayi. abaddhaala yokka tulanaatmaka paridhi nirnayaanni roopondistundi, abaddhaala roopaanni kaadu "(p. 507).
carle brunner aardhika pratinidhi yokka parinaamaatmaka vidhananni kooda abhivruddhi chesaaru (mukhyamgaa armen alchian (1950) yokka seminal paper nundi prerana pondindi). vilium mccling sahakaaramtho, brunner 'vanarulatho kuudina, moolyaankanam chese, manishini garishtamgaa penchadam' kosam 'remm' anae sankshipta namanni pravesapettaadu. brunner (1987) prakaram, "sadhana, moolyaankanam mariyu pravartananu penchadam oka saadhaarana aadharaanni kaligi untaayi... (dheeni kosam) vyakti jeevasambandhamaina mariyu janyu vaarasatvamto janminchaadu "(p. 371). ayithe, 'garishteekarana' anae padaanni neoclassical siddhaantam yokka saadhaarana ardhamlo ardham chesukokudadu. nijaaniki, "hetutvam anedi bahusha pravartananu penchadam kante parikalpanalo marinta praathamika bhaagam. computerlu mariyu maanava medadula parimita ganana soukaryaalu, samacharanni sekarinchadam mariyu ardham chesukovadam yokka kharchu mariyu tarachugaa vyaapinchina anischiti suutigaa garishteekarana paramgaa hetubaddhamaina pravartana yokka vyakteekarananu nirodhistaayi. hetubaddhamaina pravartana badulugaa prakriya yokka ekkuva ledhaa takkuva chetana niyamaala samitini utpatti chestundi "(p. 374). eee "remm" nuu pratyaamnaaya "manishi yokka bhavanalu", antey "raajakeeya", "saamaajika" mariyu "manasika" bhaavanalatho viruddhamgaa cheppavacchu. brunner und mccling (1977) prabhutvam yokka vislaeshanhaku eee vidhananni pratyaekamgaa vartimpajesaaruh "prabhutvaaniki sambandhinchina chaalaa sangharshanhalu cheyagalavu... manishi yokka pratyaamnaaya namuunaala madhya sangharshanaku tagginchaali "(p. 85).

