spermatophyte

spermatophyte (;), dheenini phanerogum (taxon fanerogame) ledhaa phenogum (taxon phenogame) anie kooda pilustaaru, idhi vittanaalanu utpatti chese edainaa mokka, anduvalla dheeniki pratyaamnaaya paeru vittana mokka. spermatophytelu anevi pindaalu ledhaa bhuu mokkala upasamiti. vaatilo anni pushpinche mokkalu mariyu jimnosparmlatho sahaa chaalaa suparichitamaina rakaala mokkalu unnaayi, conny fernlu, naachulu mariyu algay vanti konni itara rakaala mokkalanu minahaayistaayi.
phanerogams" ledhaa "fanerogame" anae padam greeku () nundi udbhavinchindi, dheeni ardham "kanipinchedi", cryptogame () kuu viruddhamgaa, pratyayamtho kalisi (), antey "vivaham chesukovadam". eee padaalu aaa mokkalanu daachina laingika avayavaalatho (cryptogame) kanipinche laingika avayavaalatho (fanerogame) vaeru chesaayi.
vivarana.
prastuta spermatophytelu aidu vibhaagaalanu yerparustaayi, veetilo modati naalugu gymnospermsga vargeekarinchabaddaayi, avi moosukoni mokkalu, "nagna vittanaalu":
aidava prastuta vibhagam pushpinche mokkalu, veetini angiosperms ledhaa magnoliophytes anie kooda pilustaaru, ivi spermatophytes yokka atipedda mariyu atyanta vaividhyamaina samoohaalu
paina jabita cheyabadina aidu jeevula vargeekaranalaku adanamgaa, shilaja recordulo aneka antarinchipoyina vittana mokkala vargeekaranaku aadharalu unnaayi, vaatilo
triasic kaalam natiki, vittana fernlu paryaavarana praamukhyatalo ksheeninchaayi, mariyu aadhunika gymnosperm samuuhaala pratinidhulu cretatius chivarilo, angiosperms prasarinchinappudu samruddhiga mariyu aadhipatyam chelaayinchaaru.
parinaamaatmaka charitra.
vittana mokkala puurveekulaloo mottam janyuvu nakilee sanghatana sumaruga jarigindi. idhi aadhunika vittana mokkala muulaaniki daariteesina parinaamaatmaka maarpula shreniki daariteesindi.
belgium nundi vittana mokkalaku purvagaamigaa madhya devonian (385 million samvatsaraala puraatana) sumaru 20 million samvatsaraala mundu naati vittana mokkalanu gurtinchabadindi. "rankeria", chinna mariyu radial cemetrical, oka kapuletho chuttumuttabadina integumented megasporangium. megasporangium anedi mutlobed integument paina poduchukunna teravani distal extension kaligi untundi. eee podigimpu raktaheenata (gaali) paraagasamparkamlo paalgonnatlu anumaanistunnaaru. "rankeria" anedi vittanaaniki daariteese paatra samuparjana kramampai kotta velugunistundi. "rankeria" loe oka ghana vittana kotu mariyu puppodini vittanaaniki maarganirdesam chese vyavastha minaha vittana mokkala yokka anni lakshanaalu unnaayi.
phylogeny.
vittanaalu kaligi unde mokkalu vascular plants (trachiophytes) lopala oka cled. 
antargata phylogeny.
spermatophytelu saampradayakamgaa angiosperms ledhaa pushpinche mokkalu, mariyu gymnospermsga vibhajinchabaddaayi, veetilo gnetophytes, saikads, zinkgo mariyu coniferlu unnaayi. paatha padanirmaana adhyayanalu mukhyamgaa naalha muulakaala aadhaaramgaa gnetophytelu mariyu angiospermla madhya sannihita sambandhaanni viswasinchaayi. ayithe, paramaanu adhyayanalu (mariyu konni iteevali padanirmaana mariyu shilaja patraalu) saadhaaranamgaa ginnospermla yokka clednu choopinchaayi, veetilo ginnophytelu sankuvula lopala ledhaa sameepamlo untaayi. udaaharanaku, oka saadhaarana pratipaadita sambandhaala samitini "gnay-paine parikalpana" anie pilustaaru mariyu idhi ilaa kanipistundihi
ayithe, eee samuuhaala madhya sambandhaalanu sthiramgaa pariganinchakudadu.
itara vargeekaranalu.
itara vargeekaranalu oke vibhaagamlo anni vittana mokkalanu, aidu samuuhaalaku taragatulato samuuhaparustaayih
marinta aadhunika vargeekarana eee samuuhaalanu pratyeka vibhagaluga (konnisaarlu superdivision spermatophyta kinda) rank chestundih
ketayinchani spermatophytes

