
marakam raetu vidhanam

marakam raetu paalana anedi oka desham ledhaa currency union yokka dravya adhikaram itara currencylu mariyu videshee maaraka market gurinchi karenseeni nirvahinche maargam. idhi dravya vidhaanaaniki daggari sambandham kaligi undhi mariyu rendoo saadhaaranamgaa aardhika sthaayi mariyu nishkaapatyata, dravyolbana raetu, kaarmika market yokka sthitisthaapakata, aardhika market abhivruddhi mariyu muuladhana chalanasheelata vanti aneka oke karakalapai aadharapadi untaayi.
rendu pradhana paalana rakalu unnaih 
itara palanala yokka amsaalanu militam chese madhyantara marakam raetu vidhanalu kooda unnaayi. 
marakam raetu paalana yokka eee vargeekarana jigo (ghose, guide, ostree und wolf, 1995,1997) nirvahinchina vargeekarana paddhatipai aadharapadi untundi, idhi adhikaarika mariyu vaastava vidhaanaala madhya thedaanu gurtinchadaaniki vaastava marpidi pravartanatho imf dii jyoor vargeekarananu militam chesindi. jigo vargeekarana paddhatini trichotomy paddhati anie kooda pilustaaru.
sthiramgaa mariyu theeluthuu untundi.
sthira ledhaa teliade karenseeni nirnayinche mundu oka desham pariganinchavalasina aneka amsaalu unnaayi, rendu empikalaku laabhanashtaalu unnaayi. 
oka desham thana sthaanika karenseeni maroka deshaaniki (us dollar vanti) saricheyaalani enchukunte, vaaru marakam raetu sthirathvaanni saadhistaaru. dheeni ardham aaa desham united statesto vartakam chesinappudalla ledhaa us dollarlalo suuchimchabadina vaanijyaanni nirvahinchinappudalla, us dollarla paramgaa sthaanika currency viluva entha untundane daanipai khachitatvam untundi. vyaparalu eee khachitatvanni aasvaadistaayi mariyu karenseeni pegging cheyadam tarachugaa videshee pratyaksha pettubadulaku (fdi) daariteestundi. ayithe, oka desham tama karenseeni saricheyaalani nirnayinchukunnappudu vaaru dravya svayampratipattini vadulukuntaaru. vaaru tama sonta marakam retlanu nirnayinchaleru, anduvalla vaari currency yokka saapeksha balam ledhaa balaheenata puurtigaa vaari sthaanika karenseeni nirnayinchadaaniki vaaru enchukunna currency balam ledhaa balaheenatapai aadharapadi untundi.
oka desham us dollar laaga swechchagaa theeluthuu undataaniki enchukunte, avi aardhikamgaa swatantramgaa untaayi-ayithe avi sthira currencyla vadda unna marakam raetu sthirathvaanni kolpotayi. meeru aardhikamgaa swatantramgaa unnappatikee marakam raetu sthirathvaanni kaligi unna karenseeni saadhinchalerani gamaninchandi. rendintinee kaligi undalekapovadam anedi ananukoola trimurtulu anie piluvabade bhaavanalo bhaagam. currency palananu nirnayinchetappudu deshaalu moodu vishayaalalo rendintini saadhinchagalavu puurti aardhika samaikyata, marakam raetu sthirathvam ledhaa dravya swaatantryam. oka desham eee moodintinee saadhinche karenseeni eppuduu kaligi undakudadu. 
teliade marakam raetu vidhanam.
teliade (ledhaa anuvaina) marakam raetu paalana anedi oka desham yokka marakam raetu vistruta paridhiloo hecchutaggulaku lonayyedi mariyu dhesha dravya adhikaram daanini yea muula karenseeki vyatiraekamgaa parishkarinchadaaniki etuvanti prayatnam cheyadu. maarpidilo kadalika anedi viluva taggimpu ledhaa tarugudala. 
free float (ledhaa floating marpidi raetu)
clean float anie kooda piluvabade free float kinda, prabhutva jokyam lekunda videshee-marakam market yantraamgaalaku pratispandanagaa currency viluva hecchutaggulaku anumatinchabadutundi.
nirvahinche float (ledhaa dirty float)
dirty float anie kooda piluvabade managed float kinda, marakam raetu dhesha aardhika abhivruddhiki anukuulamaina disalo, mukhyamgaa teevramaina perugudala ledhaa tarugudala samayamlo kadile prayatnamlo, prabhutvam market marakam retulo vividha margalu mariyu sthaayilalo jokyam chesukovacchu. 
udaaharanaku, oka dravya adhikaram, marakam retunu eguva mariyu diguva sarihaddu, dhara "sealing" mariyu "floor" madhya swechchagaa teeladaaniki anumatinchavacchu.
madhyantara raetu paalana.
sthiramainavi mariyu teliade vaati madhya marakam raetu paalanalu.
byaand (ledhaa lakshya praantam)
maroka karenseeki vyatiraekamgaa sthira marakam raetu chuttoo oka chinna vyatyaasam matrame undhi, plus ledhaa mainus 2 saatam lopala.
udaaharanaku, denmark euroku vyatiraekamgaa daani marakam retunu nirnayinchi, daanini 7.44 crone = 1 euro (0.134 euro = 1 crone) kii chaalaa daggaragaa unchindi.
croll pegg
oka crolling pegg antey oka currency maroka karenseeki vyatiraekamgaa daadaapu sthiramaina retutho sthiramgaa ksheeninchadam ledhaa peragadam, marakam raetu oka saadhaarana dhoranini anusaristundi.
croll byaand
raetu gurinchi kontha vaividhyam anumatinchabadindi, mariyu paina perkonna vidhamgaa sardubaatu cheyabadindihi udaaharanaku, 1996 nundi 2002 varaku columbia mariyu 1990laloe chilly chudandi.
currency basket pegg
currency butta anedi vividha baruvulatho enchukunna currencyla portfolio. currency basket pegg saadhaaranamgaa currency hecchutaggula pramaadaanni tagginchadaaniki upayogistaaru. udaaharanaku, kuwait daani pradhana vaanijya mariyu aardhika bhaagaswaamula currencylanu kaligi unna currency butta aadhaaramgaa pegnu maarchindi.
sthira marakam raetu paalana.
sthira marakam raetu paalana, konnisaarlu pegged marakam raetu paalana anie pilustaaru, dheenilo dravya adhikaram thana currency marakam retunu maroka currency, itara currencyla butta ledhaa maroka viluva kolata (bangaaram vantivi) kuu pegg chestundi mariyu retunu irukaina paridhiloo hecchutaggulaku anumatinchavacchu. aaa paridhiloo marakam retunu nirvahinchadaaniki, oka desham yokka dravya adhikaram saadhaaranamgaa videshee maaraka marketlo jokyam chesukovalasi untundi. pegg retulo kadalikanu punarmulyankanam ledhaa viluva taggimpu antaaru.
currency boardu
currency boardu anedi oka marakam raetu paalana, dheenilo oka desham yokka marakam raetu oka spashtamaina saasana nibaddhata aadhaaramgaa videshee currencytho sthira marakam retunu nirvahistundi. idhi oka rakamaina sthira paalana, idhi pegnu "kathinamainadi-antey marinta mannikainadi" gaa cheyadaaniki roopondinchina pratyeka chattaparamaina mariyu vidhaanaparamaina niyamaalanu kaligi untundi. udaaharanalalo yuu kuu vyatiraekamgaa hankong dollar unnaayi.euroku vyatiraekamgaa dollar mariyu bulgarian lev.
dollarisation
dollarisation, "currency pratyaamnaayam" anie kooda ardham, oka desham ekapakshamgaa maroka desham yokka karenseeni sweekaristundi. 
dattata teesukunna chaalaa deshaalu tama sonta kendra byaankunu nadapadaniki ledhaa sonta karenseeni jaarii cheyadaaniki ayye kharchunu bharinchaleni vidhamgaa chaalaa chinnavi. eee aardhika vyavasthalalo chaalaa varaku yuu.dollar, conny itara prajaadarana pondina empikalalo euro, mariyu australia mariyu newzealand dollarlu unnaayi.
currency union
dravya union anie kooda piluvabade currency union anedi rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva deshaalu oke karenseeni upayoginche marpidi vyavastha. currency union kinda, sabhya deshaalaku javaabudaareegaa unde oke kendra byaanku ledhaa dravya adhikaram vanti oka rakamaina antarjaateeya nirmaanam untundi.
currency unionlaku udaaharanalu eurozone, cfa mariyu cfp fraank jonelu. 1865 mariyu 1927 madhya unikilo unna latin dravya union mottamodati udaaharanalalo okati. scandinavian dravya union 1873 mariyu 1905 madhya unikilo undhi.