
1902 mount pelly visphotanam

1902loe mount pelly visphotanam thoorpu karebiyanloni chinna antilles agniparvata chaapamlo martinic dveepamlo agniparvata visphotanam, idhi namodu cheyabadina charitralo atyanta praanaantakamaina visphotanaalalo okati. april 23naa mount pelly sikharam nundi varusa visfotanaalugaa visphotana karyakalapalu prarambhamayyayi. konni rojullone, eee dveepamlo europeanlu sthirapadinappati nundi eee visphotanaala teevrata chusina annintinee minchipoyindi. aaa tarvaata mae arambham varaku konni rojula paatu teevrata taggindi, appudu mallee swaasa visphotanaalu perigayi. merupulu paeladamtoe meghalu, vaanijya gaalulu paschimaana unna gramalapai buudidanu visirayi. bhaarii buudida padipoyindi, konnisaarlu puurtigaa cheekati erpadindi. kontamandi baadhita nivaasitulu bhayapadi, pelly sikharaagraaniki dakshinaana unna pedda sthaavaraala, mukhyamgaa seyint-pierry yokka bhadrata kosam munduku sagaru. seyint-pier daani modati buudida patanaanni mae 3naa andukundi.
agniparvatam yokka nairuti paarsvamlo oka nadini burada pravaham kottukupoyi, oka chakkera millunu naasanam chese varaku mae 5 madhyahnam varaku mount pelly saapekshamgaa nissabdamgaa undipoyindi. bhaarii pravaham sumaru 150 mandini khananam chesi, samudraanni taakinappudu moodu sunaameelanu srushtinchindi. sunaameelu teeram vembadi vyaapinchi, bhavanalu, padavalanu debbateesaayi. mae 5va thedhee raatri paelullu tirigi prarambhamayyayi. marusati roeju udayam, visphotanam yokka konni bhagalu prakaasavantamgaa marai, idhi visphotanam yokka swabhaavam maarindani suuchistumdi. sileendhram uparitalaaniki cherukovadamto, swaasa visphotanaalu chivaraku shilindhra visphotanaalaku daari teesaayi. eee visphotanaalu marusati roeju raatri pagalu konasagayi.
udayam 8 gantalaku bhaarii visphotanamtho kontakaalam prasaantata debbatindi.emm. mae 8va teedeena. oka pyroclastic uppena-allakallola vaayuvulanu visurutuu velaadadeesina prakaasinchae lava kanaala neelanu kougilinchukune megham-agniparvatam yokka nairuti paarsvamlo tuphaanu vegamtho kadili, udayam 8.02 gantalaku seyint-piyareeki cherukundi.emm. nagaram nundi tappinchukovadam daadaapu asadhyam. nagaramloni daadaapu prati okkaroo-sumaru 28,000 mandhi-raathi koolipovadam valla maraninchaaru, kaalchiveyabaddaaru ledhaa khananam cheyabaddaaru. vaedi buudida oka agni tuphanunu prerepinchindi, dhvamsamaina bhavanalu mariyu lekkalenanni rumm kaaklatho indhanamgaa maarindi. nagaramlo iddaru matrame praanaalatoe bayatapaddaru, vaarilo okaru kitikeela laeni bhoogarbha jailu gadilo lock cheyabadina oka teliyani khaidi, taruvaata sahayaka sibbandi kanugonnaru. migilipoyina migataa vaaru kevalam konni padula mandhi matrame, vaaru megham anchulalo chikkukunnaru, veerandaroo teevramgaa kaalipoyaaru.
20va teedeena paeludu padaarthaala charya phalitamgaa maroe 2,000 mandhi maraninchavacchu, endukante rakshakulu, injaneerlu mariyu naavikulu dveepaaniki saamaagrini teesukuvacchaaru. augustu 30naa jarigina oka saktivantamaina visphotanam pyroclastic pravahanni srushtinchindi, dheeni phalitamgaa 800 mandiki paiga maraninchaaru. eee visphotanam 1905 aktobaru varaku konasaagindi.
visphotanaaniki mundu.
1902 visphotanaaniki mundu, 19va sataabdam madhyakaalamlone, sikharaaniki sameepamlo unna "étang seka" (podi cheruvu) bilamlo fumorol karyakalapalu perigina sankethaalu unnaayi. 1792 mariyu 1851loe sambhavinchina saapekshamgaa chinnapati agniparvata visphotanaalu agniparvatam churukuga mariyu pramaadakaramainadani rujuvu chesaayi. praacheena kaalamlo munupati visphotanaala nundi parvata agniparvata karyakalapala gurinchi sthaanika karib prajalaku telusu.
1902 april 23naa visphotanaalu prarambhamayyayi. april praarambhamlo, paryatakulu parvata sikharaaniki sameepamlo fumorols nundi vidudalayye sulphorus aaviri roopaanni gurtinchaaru. gatamlo fumourols kanipinchi adrusyamainanduna idhi mukhyamainadigaa pariganinchabadaledu. april 23naa bhookampa kaaryakalaapaalato paatu parvatam yokka dakshina mariyu paschima vaipuna synderla telikapati varsham kurisindi. april 25naa parvatam daani paie nundi raallu mariyu buudidatoe kuudina pedda meghanni vidudala chesindi, ikkada ettang sec caldera undhi. bayataku teesina padaartham gananeeyamaina mottamlo nashtanni kaliginchaledu. april 26naa paeludu kaaranamgaa agniparvata buudidatoe parisaraalu dhooli pooyinchabaddaayi; prabhutva adhikarulu inca aandolanaku etuvanti kaaranam chudaledu.
april 27naa, aneka mandhi vihaarayaatrikulu parvata sikharaanni adhirohinchi, neetitho nindina attang seknu kanugoni, daani meedugaa oka sarasunu yerparuchukunnaru. oka vaipu agniparvata sidhilaala adhika cone nirminchabadindi, idhi sarassuku sthiramaina marige neeti pravahanni andistundi. lothaina bhoogarbham nundi marige neetitho kuudina kadaganni pooli unde sabdaalu vinipinchaayi. agniparvatam nundi dhooramgaa, nagaram antataa sulfur yokka balamaina vaasana undhi, idhi prajalaku mariyu gurralaku asoukaryaanni kaliginchindi. april 30naa revier dess peres mariyu roxelane nadhi parvata sikharam nundi bandaraallu mariyu chetlanu mosukelli ubbai. preacher mariyu sciente-philoman gramalu sthiramaina buudida pravahanni pondaayi.
11:30 p vadda.emm. mae 2naa, parvatam pedda paelullu, bhookampaalu mariyu dattamaina nalla poga yokka bhaarii stambhaanni utpatti chesindi. buudida mariyu chakkati dhaanyaala pumis dveepam yokka uttara sagam mottaanni kappivesaayi. paelullu 5-6 gantala vyavadhilo konasagayi. idhi sthaanika vaartaapatrika "less kaalaneelu" parvatampai pratipaadita pikniknu niravadhikamgaa vaida vaeyadaaniki daariteesindi, modata mae 4naa pranaalika cheyabadindi. vyavasaya jantuvulu vaati neeti vanarulu mariyu aaharam buudidatoe kalushitamainanduna aakali mariyu daaham kaaranamgaa chanipovadam praarambhinchaayi.
mae 3 sanivaaram naadu, gaali buudida meghanni uttara disagaa veechi, seyint-pierylo paristhitini tagginchindi. marusati roeju buudida padipovadam teevramaindi, seyint-pierry mariyu preacher jillaala madhya communication tegipoyindi. buudida megham entha dattamgaa undadamtho teerapraanta padavalu daani gundaa prayaaninchadaaniki bhayapaddayi. chaalaa mandhi pourulu nagaram vidichi paaripovaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru, steamer linelanu saamardhyaaniki anugunamgaa nimpaaru. aaa praantam pindi lanty tellani buudida poratho kappabadi undhi.
mae 5va teedeena somavaaram naadu karyakalapalu taggumukham pattayi, conny madhyahnam 1 gantalaku.emm. samudram akasmaattugaa venakki velli, aapai tirigi parugetti, nagaramloni konni praantaalanu munchettindi, mariyu parvatam yokka paschimam vaipu pedda poga megham kanipinchindi. attang sec bilam yokka oka goda koolipoyi, marige neeru mariyu burada (oka lahar) nuu blanche nadiloki nettivesindi, guerin chakkera panulanu munchettindi mariyu 150 mandhi baadhitulanu burada kinda khananam chesindi. itara praantaala nundi saranaarthulu seyint-piyareeki cherukunnaru. aaa raatri, vaataavarana aatamkaalu vidyut gridnu nilipivesi, nagaranni cheekatilo munchivesi gandaragolaanni penchaayi.
marusati roeju sumaru 02:00 vadda, parvatam yokka lotula nundi pedda sabdaalu vinipinchaayi. budhavaram 7 mae naadu sumaru 04:00, karyakalapalu perigayi; buudida meghalu parvata sikharam chuttoo agniparvata merupula aneka boltlanu kaliginchaayi, mariyu rendu craterlu raatri varaku erupu narinja rangulo merisai. rojanta, prajalu nagaranni vidichipettaru, conny graameena praantaala nundi ekkuva mandhi prajalu nagaramlo aasrayam pondadaaniki prayatnistunnaaru, daani janabhanu aneka vaela mandhi penchaaru. vaartaapatrikalu ippatikee nagaram surakshitamgaa undani perkonnaayi. sameepamloni seyint vincent dveepamlo sufrior agniparvatam visphotanam chendina vaarta prajalaku bharosa ichindi, vaaru idhi mount pelly yokka antargata ottidi upasamanam pondutunnaaranadaaniki sanketam anie nammevaaru. ayithe, ravaanaadaarula nirasanalu, odarevu adhikarulu clearancenu tiraskarinchinappatiki, arrestu chese bedirimpu unnappatikee, bark "orsolina" kuu chendina kepten marina leboff thana chakkera sarukulo sagam matrame load chesi naukaasrayam nundi bayaludaeraadu. chaalaa mandhi itara pourulu pattanam vidichi velladaaniki anumati niraakarinchabaddaaru. governor luis mouttet mariyu athani bhaarya nagaramlo basa chesaaru. saayantram natiki, mount pelly yokka prakampanalu mallee prasaantamgaa anipinchaayi.
chlimactic dasha.
guruvaram udayam mae 8naa, nait shift telegraph operator agniparvatam yokka karyakalapala nivedikalanu fort-dii-france vadda operatorku pamputuu, etuvanti mukhyamaina kotta parinaamaalu levani paerkonnaadu; 07:52 vadda athani chivari prasaram "allez", idhi remot operatorku line appaginchindi. taruvaati kshanamlo, telegraph line chanipoyindi. eguva parvatapraantam pagilipoyindi mariyu dattamaina nallani megham addamgaa bayataku vachindi. rendava nalla megham paiki uruki, oka bhaarii puttagodugu meghanni yerparustundi mariyu vyaasaarthamlo aakaasaanni cheekati chestundi. rendu meghala prarambha vegam taruvaata gantaku paiga untundani lekkinchabadindi. kshitija samaantara pyroclastic uppena bhoomini kougilinchukuni, seyint-pierry nagaram vaipu vaegamgaa digipoyindi, nalupu mariyu bhaarii, lopala nundi vaedigaa merustunnatlu kanipinchindi. idhi adhika vaedi aaviri mariyu agniparvata vaayuvulu mariyu dhoolini kaligi undhi, ushnogratalu minchipoyayi. oka nimisham lopu adhi cherukoni mottam nagaranni kappivesi, ventane mandey pratidee veliginchindi. samudra teeramlo telutunna cable marammatu ooda, CS "grappler", mantalu chelaregi, anni chetulu kolpovadamtho, uppenatho munigipoyindi.
eee saari parvatam vaipu gaali veechindi. aaa tarvaata araganta paatu buudidatoe kuudina burada varsham kurisindi. taruvaati konni gantala paatu, nagaramtho anni communicationlu tegipoyayi. governor cherukolenivadu mariyu athani hodha teliyanivaadu kabatti emi jarugutundo, dveepampai evariki adhikaram undho evarikee teliyadu.
visphotanaaniki paerulaeni pratyaksha saakshulu unnaaru, bahusha visphotanam samayamlo padavalapai praanaalatoe bayatapaddaru. oka pratyaksha sakshi "parvatam mukkalu mukkaluga oogipoyindi-etuvanti heccharika ledhu" anie, marokaru "idhi oka pedda chamuru suddhi karmagaram laantidi" anie chepparu."okaru" maa kalla mundu pattanam adrusyamaindi."pyroclastic meghamto naasanamaina praantam, seyint-pier nagaram nashtanni bharinchindi.
visphotanam samayamlo, seyint-pierry janabha sumaru 28,000, agniparvatam modata vidudala chesina chinna paelullu mariyu burada pravaahaala nundi saranaarthulathoo ubbindi. nagaramlo 30,000 mandiloo iddaru matrame praanaalatoe bayatapaddarani puraanam gatamlo nivedinchindihi luis-auguste cyperis, oka snehitudini katlasto gaayaparichinanduku pattana jailulooni bhoogarbha gadilo unchabadina nerasthudu, mariyu nagaram anchuna nivasinchina leone kampere-leandray anae vyakti. vaastavaaniki, paeludu praantam anchula nundi bayatapadina praanaalatoe bayatapadina vaaru chaalaa mandhi unnaaru. praanaalatoe bayatapadina vaarilo chaalaa mandhi teevramgaa kaalipoyaaru, kondaru vaari gaayaala kaaranamgaa taruvaata maraninchaaru. chaalaa mandhi aaa pattanaanni pyroclastic pravaham nundi rakshinche oka sikharam venuka seyint-piyareeki dakshinaana unna lae kaarbetku vellaaru; praanaalatoe bayatapadina vaarini martinic adhikarulu akkada beach loe rakshinchaaru.
athani manugada gurinchi adiginappudu comper-leandray eee krindi vidhamgaa perkonnaduh
bhayankaramaina gaali veestunnatlu naaku anipinchindi, bhoomi vanukadam praarambhinchindi, aakaasam akasmaattugaa cheekatigaa maarindi. neenu intiki velladaaniki tirigi, chaalaa kashtapadi nannu naa gadhi nundi vaeru chesina moodu ledhaa naalugu metlu ekkaanu, mariyu naa chetulu mariyu kaallu, naa sareeram kooda kaalipotunnatlu bhaavinchaanu. neenu oka table meeda padipoyanu. eee samayamlo maroe naluguru naa gadilo aasrayam pondaaru, vaari dustulu manta taakinatlugaa kanipinchakapoyinappatiki, edustu, baadhatho alamatinchaaru. 10 nimishala chivarilo, veetilo okati, sumaru 10 samvatsaraala vayassu gala yuva delawad ammai chanipoyindi; migilinavi vellipoyaayi. neenu lechi maroka gadiki vellaanu, akkada tandri delawoud inca dustulu dharinchi mancham meeda padi, chanipoyinatlu chushanu. athanu oodaa rangulo mariyu ubbinavaadu, conny dustulu chekkuchedarakunda unnaayi. verrivaadini mariyu dadapuga adhigaminchaanu, neenu mancham meeda padipoyanu, jadamgaa mariyu maranam kosam vechi unnaanu. paikappu mandadam chusinappudu bahusha oka gantalo naa indriyaalu naaku tirigi vachayi. taginanta balam migili undadamtho, naa kaallu raktasraavam avutuu, kaalina gaayaalato kappabadi, neenu seyint-pierry nundi aaru kilometres dhooramlo unna fonds-seyint-denis vaddaku parigettaanu.
oka mahila, oka gruhini kooda pyroclastic pravaham nundi bayatapadindi, conny ventane maraninchindi. eee sanghatana nundi tanaku gurtunna ekaika vishayam aakasmika vaedi anie aame chepparu. aame kanugonabadina ventane maraninchindi. praanaalatoe bayatapadina moodava vyakti havivra daa ifril, oka guhalo aasrayam pondadaaniki padavalo prayaaninchina 10 yella baalika. baadhitulaloo seyint-pierry vadda duck cheyabadina aneka naukala prayaanikulu mariyu sibbandi unnaaru.
april 26naa adrusyamaina "roraima" anae oka prayaaneekula aaviri nauka, praathamika paeludu kaaranamgaa buudidatoe kappabadindani bhaavistunnaaru. ayithe, idhi visphotanaaniki kontakaalam mundu, 06:30 vadda seyint-pier naukaasrayaaniki cherukundi, mariyu pyroclastic pravaham valla mantalu chelaregaayi. idhi taruvaata munigipoyindi; daani sidhilaalu ippatikee seyint-pier samudra teeramlo unnaayi. aame sibbandilo iravai enimidi mandhi, iddaru (oka pillavadu mariyu aame creol narsu) minaha prayaaneekulandaruu meghamto maraninchaaru.
upasamanam kaligistundi.
sumaru 12:00 samayamlo, martinic yokka taatkaalika governor emi jarigindo daryaaptu cheyadaaniki cruisernu pampaadu mariyu yuddhanauka daadaapu 12:30 vadda mandutunna pattanam nundi vachindi. kepten bertin pradaesaaniki odduku vachhe varaku, daadaapu 15:00 varaku teevramaina vaedi landing paarteelanu kottivesindi, idhi pattana madhyalo kephlatho kuudina chetla needatho kuudina chaturasram. okka chettu kooda nilabadaledu; kaalipoyina mariyu khaliga unna, muduchukunna trunklu, vellatho cheelipoyina, muduchukunnaviga unnaayi. naela mrutulato nindipoyindi. mantalu mariyu oopiraadaka durvasana mantalu mantalu chelaregina shidhilaala gurinchi lothaina anveshananu nirodhinchaayi.
intalo, praanaalatoe bayatapadina chaalaa mandini chinna padavalu samudram nundi lakkonnayi; vaaru paeludu prabhaavamtho neetilo egiripoyina naavikulu, mariyu gantala tarabadi sidhilaalaku atukkupooyaaru. annee teevramgaa kaalipoyaayi. nagaraniki dakshinaana unna ettaina polam dwara mandutunna megham nundi rakshinchabadina lae carbett graamamlo, ekkuva mandhi baadhitulu unnaaru, teevramgaa kaalipoyaaru; veerilo kondaru konni gantala kante ekkuva kaalam jeevinchaaru.
vidhvamsam jarigina praantam chuttoo kappabadi undhi. eee praantam lopala, praana, aasti mottam naasanam cheyabaddaayi; bayata rendava, spashtamgaa nirvachinchabadina jonelo praananashtam jarigindi, conny bhouthika nashtam takkuvagaa undhi, dheeniki minchi vrukshasampada kaalipoyina oka strip undhi, conny praanaalanu kaapaadindi. chaalaa mandhi baadhitulu saadhaarana vaikharilo unnaaru, vaari lakshanaalu prasaantamgaa mariyu prasaantamgaa unnaayi, idhi visphotanam paeludu heccharika lekunda vaariki cherukundani suuchistumdi; itarulu vedanatho vikrutamayyaaru. daadaapu badhitulandari nundi battalu chirigipoyayi, bayata kottaru. konni illu dadapuga dhvamsamayyaayi; nagaraniki telisina vaariki kooda nagara mailuraalla punaadulanu gurtinchadam asadhyam. nagaram konni rojula paatu kaalipoyindi. paarisuddhya brundaalu kramamga sidhilaalanu chochukupoyayi, chanipoyinavaarini tagalabettadam dwara paaraveyadaaniki; mrutula sankhyanu batti khananam saadhyam kaaledu. vaelaadi mandhi baadhitulu buudida musugu kinda padi, meterlu lothugaa gaalilo kuppakulipoyaru, varshaalato kappabadi unnaaru; veetilo chaalaa mrutadehaalu vaaraala tarabadi velikiteeyabadaledu, mariyu konni gurtinchadaginavi.
united states ventane martinic adhikaarulaku sahayam andinchindi. mae 12naa, yuu. ess. adhyakshudu theodor roosvelt yuddha, naukaadalam mariyu khazana kaaryadarsulanu ventane sahaya charyalu praarambhinchaalani aadesinchaaru. bahula yuu.ess. santo domingo vadda padukunna cruiser "sinsinnati", sainika ration, vaidya samagri mariyu vaidyulanu teesukuvelle "dixie", mariyu puerto rikoloni shaan juvan vadda navika dalaanni "potomac" anie piluvabade ravana noukalu hadagu hadavudilo dveepaaniki pampabaddayi. vipattu baadhitulaku atyavasara sahayam kosam $500,000 takshaname ketaayinchaalani adhyakshudu roosvelt kaangresnu koraru. adhyakshudu ilaa annaru "charitralo atipedda vipattulalo okati mana poruguna unna martinic dveepaaniki sambhavinchindi... nagaram St. pier unikini kolpoyindi... france prabhutvam... fort-dii-france mariyu mottam martinic dveepam ippatikee pramaadamloo unnayani maaku teliyajestundi. anduvalla, atuvanti praanaantakamaina pramaadamloo unna mariyu aakalitho bedirinchabadina prajalanu rakshinche uddesyamto, united states prabhutvam vaarini debbatinna dveepam nundi ravana cheyadaaniki veelainanta twaragaa maargaalanu pampavacchani vaaru abhyardhistunnaaru."US congress $200,000 takshana sahaayaaniki ootu vesindi mariyu vipattu yokka puurti swabhaavaanni telusukogaliginappudu entha pedda mottam avasaramo nirnayinchadaaniki vichaaranalanu erpaatu chesindi. praja nidhula kosam chesina vignaptilo, baadhitula upasamanam kosam viraalaalanu sweekarinchadaaniki post maastarlaku adhyakshudu adhikaram icchaaru; pramukha pourulatho kuudina jaateeya kamitee sarafara noukalanu addeku teesukune baadhyatanu chepattindi.
kenada, yuke, germany, france, italii, denmark, japan, russia mariyu vaatikan kooda sahayam andinchaayi.
tadupari kaaryaacharana.
mae 20naa, modati rakaniki mariyu balaniki samaanamaina rendava visphotanam seyint-piyarlo migili unnadaanni tudichipetti, dveepaaniki saamaagrini teesukuvacchina 2,000 mandhi rakshakulu, injaneerlu mariyu naavikulanu champindi. augustu 30naa oka saktivantamaina visphotanam samayamlo, oka pyroclastic pravaham mae 8 mariyu 20 pravaahaala kante thoorpuna marinta vistarinchindi. munupati rendu visphotanaala vale saktivantamainadi kaanappatikee, aagashtu 30 naati pyroclastic pravaham morney roojnu taakindi, kaneesam 800 mandhi maraninchaaru, ajoupa-bouillan (250 mandhi maraninchaaru), mariyu bays-point (25 mandhi maraninchaaru) mariyu morney-kapot yokka konni bhagalu, 10 mandhi maraninchaaru. sunami leey carbetlo kontha nashtanni kaliginchindi. eee roeju varaku, idhi mount pelly yokka chivari praanaantaka visphotanam.
aktobaru 1902 nundi, ettang sec bilamlooni bilam naela nundi oka pedda lava vennemuka perigi, garishta vedalpu mariyu sumaru sumaru ettuku cherukundi. suudi pelly" ledhaa "pelly tower" anie piluvabade idhi eejipt yokka goppa pyramid kante ekkuva ledhaa takkuva parimaanamtho oka roeju varaku etthu perigindi. idhi asthiramgaa maari, 5 nelala perugudala taruvaata 1903 maarchilo sidhilaala kuppaga koolipoyindi.
visphotanam chivariki 1905 aktobaru 5naa mugisindi.
prabhavalu.
vipattu kaaranaala adhyayanam atyanta ghoramaina agniparvata pramaadaaniki nirvachanam mariyu vislaeshanhatoe aadhunika agniparvata shaastram prarambhanni gurtinchindihi pyroclastic pravahalu mariyu uppenalu, dheenini "nyuus erdents" ("frah" mandutunna meghalu) anie kooda pilustaaru. idhe rakamaina visphotanaalanu ippudu "peleen visphotanaalu" anie pilustaaru. mount peleeni adhyayanam chesina vaarilo antoin lacroics mariyu engelo healprin unnaaru. nyuu ordente" (pyroclastic pravaham) drugvishayaanni vivarinchina modati vyakti lacroics.
1902 visphotanam valla jarigina vidhvamsam iteevali aadhunika samachara marpidi maargaala dwara twaragaa pracharam cheyabadindi. idhi churukaina agniparvatam yokka pramaadaalu mariyu pramaadaalanu prajala mariyu prabhutvaala drushtiki teesukuvacchindi.

