kiritimati

kiritimati (chrismus dveepam anie kooda pilustaaru) uttara rekha dveepaalalo unna pasiphik mahaasamudrapu pagadapu dibba. idhi kiribati ganatantramlo bhaagam. eee paeru daani dhvanisaastram prakaram gilberties bhaashalo vraayabadina aangla padam "chrismus" nundi udbhavinchindi, dheenilo "tii" kalayikanu "ess" anie uchcharistaaru, ivvadam.
prapanchamlooni yea atol kante kiritimati atipedda bhoobhaganni kaligi undhi, daani sarassu parimaanam daadaapu oke vidhamgaa untundi. atol chuttukolatalo undagaa, madugu teerapraantam ekkuva kaalam vistarinchi undhi. 33 pasiphik atols mariyu deevulanu kaligi unna desham kiribati mottam bhoobhaagamlo 70 saataaniki paiga kiritimati kaligi undhi.
idhi bhoomadhyarekhaku uttaraana, honoluluku dakshinaana mariyu shaan francisco nundi undhi. kiritimati prapanchamlone atyanta suduura forward time john, yutisi + + undhi, anduvalla noothana samvatsara dinotsavaanni anubhavinchina bhoomipai modati janavasa pradaesaalaloo idhi okati. (carolin atol, kiribati kooda chudandi). idhi 180va meridianku thoorpuna unnappatikee, kiribati ganatantram ganatantram antarjaateeya thedhee rekhanu tirigi amarchindi, kiritimatini thedhee rekhaku paschimaana unchindi.
1950la chivaralo united kingdom kiritimati mariyu chuttupakkala anhu pareekshalu nirvahinchindi, mariyu perkondi." united states dwara. eee pareekshala samayamlo, dveepaanni khaalii cheyabadaledu, idhi ii-kiribati nivaasitulanu mariyu british, newzealand mariyu fiji sainikulanu anhu vikiranaaniki gurichesindi.
mottam dveepam vanyapraanula abhayaaranyam; mukhyamgaa aidu sunnitamaina praantaalaku pravesam parimitam cheyabadindi.
charitra.
kiritimatilo modatlo polynesian prajalu nivasinchevaaru. dveepamlooni pradaesaala nundi radiometric teedeelu 1250 mariyu 1450 AD madhya maanava viniyoga kaalanni suuchistaayi. kiritimaatipai shaashwata maanava sthaavaram bahusha ennadoo jaragaledu. agni guntalalo tavvina stratigraphic poralu boggu yokka pratyaamnaaya byaandlanu bhaarii viniyogaanni suuchistaayi mariyu sthaanika matti upayogam lekapovadaanni suuchistumdi. anduvalla, kontamandi parisoedhakulu kiritimaatini adapadadapa (bahusha uttaraana tabueran nundi prajalu) pakshulu mariyu taabellu vanti vanarulanu sekarinchadaaniki oka pradaesamgaa upayoginchaarani suuchimchaaru, idhi carolin deevulalooni aidu kendra pagadapu dibbalanu jaathi saastraparamgaa namodu chesina upayogam maadirigaane untundi.
dveepamlooni puraavastu pradaesaalu dveepaaniki thoorpu (gaali vaipu) vaipu kendrikrutamai unnaayi mariyu telisina pradaesaalu nivaasa pradaesaalu, maare mariyu cano nilva shedlu mariyu navigational aids vanti sahayaka nirmaanaalanu suuchistaayi.
suuchistaayi spanish dandayaatratho europeanlu eee pagadapu dibbanu kanugonnaru, idhi daanini "asea" gaa perkondi. eee aavishkarananu samakaaleena portugees antonio galwao, ternet governor, 1563 naati thana pustakam "tratado daas descubrimientos" loe prastaavinchaaru. kepten james cook thana moodava samudrayaanamlo 1777 chrismus sandarbhamgaa (december 24) eee dveepaanni sandarsinchaaru mariyu mariyu augsburg dwara eee dveepaanni "aile dess tartues" (tabella dveepam) gaa oka patamlo unchaaru. kaneesam 1822 nundi timingalam vaeta noukalu eee dveepaanni sandarsinchaayi. mariyu guwano deevula chattam 1856 prakaram united states dheenini perkondi, ayithe gwano yokka vaastava maining chaalaa takkuvagaa jarigindi.
jarigindi pradhanamgaa kobbari thotalalo panichese kaarmikulu, matsyakaarulu shaashwata sthaavaraalanu yerparachukovadam praarambhinchaaru. praarambhinchaaru, british prabhutvam livers pasiphik thotalaku eee dveepamlo 99 samvatsaraala leejunu manjuru chesindi. company dveepamlo 72,863 kobbari arachetulanu nataru mariyu vendi-mutyaala gullalanu sarassuloki pravesapettindi. eee sthaavaram nilavaledu teevramaina karuvu kaaranamgaa 75 saatam kobbari arachetulu chanipoyayi, mariyu dveepam 1905-1912 nundi vadiliveyabadindi.
dveepamlooni aneka sthalanaamaalu tandri, oka french poojaari, athanu 1917-1939 nundi dveepaanni leejuku teesukoni, akkada sumaru 500,000 kobbari chetlanu nataru. athanu "benson point" vadda unna thana "paris" intlo (ippudu chinna sidhilaalu matrame) nivasinchaadu, "bridges point" (nedu london) vadda "london" nundi burgle chaanelku addamgaa athanu odarevunu sthaapinchaadu. athanu thana polish thotala nirvahakudu stanisla (stanislas) pelzinsky nivasinchina graamaaniki "polland" anae paerunu icchaadu.
masaachusetslooni medfordku chendina jooe inglish, 1915-1919 kuu chendina rougier yokka thotala manager, thana paeru meeda "jose hill" (sumaru 12 meterlu/40 adugula etthu) anie paeru pettadu. tahiti mariyu prapanchavyaaptamgaa spanish flue vyaapti chendadam valla ravana nilipiveyabadinanduna inglish mariyu iddaru yuvakulu okatinnara samvatsaram paatu (1917-1919) dveepamlo chikkukupooyaaru. taruvaata british admiral zaan gellico aangla bhashanu rakshinchaaru. resque ship german anie, yuddham inca amalulo undani bhaavinchi, admiral jellikoipai thana revolvernu lagadam valla kontha vivarana paristhitini saantapariche varaku swalpamgaa pratishtambhana erpadindi.
rendava prapancha yuddhamlo kiritimaatini yuu thoo mitraraajyaalu akraminchayi.ess. dveepam yokka rakshana dalaala niyantranalo. japan aakramana hawai-nundi-australia sarafara marganni nishedhinchadaaniki anumatinchinanduna, eee pagadapu dibbanu nirvahinchadam chaalaa mukhyam. modati konni nelalu dveepamlo vinoda soukaryaalu laevu, mariyu purushulu sarassulo sorachepalanu kalchadam dwara tamanu taamu aanandinchaaru. vaimanika dhala vaataavarana kendram mariyu samachara kendraanni sarafara cheyadaaniki eee samayamlo dveepam yokka modati airstrip nirminchabadindi. hawai mariyu dakshina pasiphik madhya prayaaninchae vimaanaalaku vishraanti mariyu indhanam nimpe soukaryaalanu kooda eee airstrip andinchindi. 1947 janabha lekkala prakaram eee dveepamlo 47 mandhi nivaasitulu matrame unnaaru. yuu.ess. gwano deevula chattam daavaa adhikarikamga yuu madhya tarawa oppandam dwara appaginchabadindi.ess. mariyu kiribati. eee oppandam oppandam santakam cheyabadi, cheyabadi aamodinchabadindi.
speyin saarvabhoumatva hakkulu.
hakkulu germany mariyu speyin madhya carolin deevulapai pope leo XIII madhyavartitvam vahinchina vivaadam samayamlo, spanish eest indiisloo bhaagamgaa carolin mariyu palavu deevulapai speyin saarvabhoumaadhikaaraanni cardinals commission vislaeshimchimdi mariyu 17 december 1885naa santakam chesina oppandam dwara dhruvikarinchabadindi. daani artical 2 dakshina micronesialo spanish saarvabhoumaadhikaaram yokka parimitulanu perkontundi, bhoomadhyarekha mariyu 11° n akshaamsam mariyu 133° mariyu 164° rekhaamsam dwara erpadindi. erpadindi spanish-american yuddhamlo odipoyina taruvaata speyin speyin marianas, carolins mariyu paalaavulanu germanyki vikrayinchindi. ayithe spanish jaateeya parisoedhanaa mandali parisoedhakudu emilio paster santos santos kiritimati (spanish pataalalo "asea") mariyu konni itara dveepaalu eppuduu karolinlalo bhaagamgaa pariganinchabadaledani, aaa kaalamlooni pataalu mariyu patalache maddatu ivvabadindani vaadinchadaaniki chaaritraka aadharam undani paerkonnaaru. oppandam yokka vivaranaku sambandhinchi samasyanu angeekarinchaalani korinappatiki, yea spanish prabhutvam kiritimatipai saarvabhoumaadhikaaraanni nokki cheppadaniki etuvanti prayatnam cheyaledu, mariyu eee kesu chaaritraka aasaktigaa migilipoyindi.
anhu bambu pareekshalu.
pracchanna yuddha samayamlo united kingdom mariyu america anvaayudhaala pareeksha kosam kiritimaatini upayoginchaayi. united kingdom thana modati hydrogen bambu pareeksha shrenini, grapple 1-3, malden dveepamlo 1957 mae 15 nundi juun 19 varaku nirvahinchindi mariyu kiritimatini operation yokka pradhana sthaavaramgaa upayoginchindi. 8 november 1957naa, modati hetch-bambu kiritimati aagneya konapai grapple ex pareekshalo pelipoyindi. pelipoyindi tadupari pareekshalu (grapple vai mariyu jedd) kooda kiritimati paina ledhaa sameepamlo jarigaayi.
united kingdom kiritimati sameepamlo mariyu neerugaa paina unna anhu payloadloo kontha bhaganni 1957-1958 loe pelchivesindi, ayithe 1962 april 25 mariyu juulai 11 madhya dveepam sameepamlo united states pareekshinchina aayudhaala mottam digubadi. british grapple ex pareeksha samayamlo, digubadi oohinchina daanikante balamgaa undhi, phalitamgaa paeludu bhavanalu mariyu moulika sadupaayaalanu koolchivesindi. anhu aayudhaala pareeksha samayamlo dveepavaasulanu saadhaaranamgaa khaalii cheyinchaledu, eee pareekshala valla paryaavarana mariyu prajaarogya prabhaavampai dayta vivadaspadamga undhi. cancer mariyu janyu nashtam vaari vruttiparamaina bahirgatam yokka parinaamaalu anie sainikulu vishwasistaaru mariyu kshamaapanalu mariyu pariharam koorutuu vijayam saadhinchaledu. yuu yokka pratinidhi.keey.'jaateeya radiological rakshana boardu anhu pareeksha anubhavagnulapai moodu pedda adhyayanalanu nirvahinchindani, eee pareekshallo palgonadanni anaarogyamtho mudipettadaaniki chellubaatu ayye aadharalu levani rakshana vibhagam vibhagam perkondi."
perkondi." operation dominiclo bhaagamgaa united states kooda dveepampai 22 vijayavantamaina anhu paelullanu nirvahinchindi. konni sthalanaamaalu ("arati" mariyu "pradhana shibiram" vantivi) anhu pareeksha kaalam nundi vachayi, eee samayamlo 4,000 mandiki paiga sainikulu unnaaru. 1969 natiki, kiritimatilo sainika aasakti mugisindi mariyu soukaryaalu ekkuvagaa naasanam cheyabaddaayi. ayithe, konni samachara marpidi, ravana mariyu ravana soukaryaalu poura upayogam kosam marchabaddayi, veetini kiritimati line deevulaku paripalana kendramgaa upayogistundi.
prastuta sthithi.
eee dveepam yokka janabha iteevali samvatsaraalalo balamgaa perigindi, perigindi sumaru 2,000 nundi 2000la praarambhamlo sumaru sumaru perigindi. kiritimatiki maniba nii moungataabulo mugguru pratinidhulu unnaaru. nedu eee dveepamlo aidu gramalu unnaayi, naalugu janabha mariyu okati vadiliveyabadindihi
kiritimati pradhana gramalu arati, tabwaki mariyu london, ivi dveepam yokka uttara konapai pradhana rahadari venta unnaayi, mariyu dakshinaana pradhana sarassu meedugaa unna polland. london pradhana graamam mariyu naukashraya soukaryam. aratipandlu cassidy antarjaateeya vimaanaasrayaaniki sameepamlo unnaayi, conny bhoogarbhajala kalushyanni nivaarinchadaaniki londonku daggaragaa maarchavacchu. paris anae padubadina graamam ikapai janabha lekkala nivedikalalo jabita cheyabadaledu.
line mariyu phoenix deevula mantritva saakha londonlo undhi. tabwaki mariyu aratipandla madhya rahadaaripai rendu kotta unnata paatasaalalu kooda unnaih oka catholic mariyu oka protestant. hawai vishwavidhyaalayamlo kiritimatipai vaataavarana parisoedhana soukaryam undhi. seyint stanislas aadhvaryamlo ankitam cheyabadina catholic charchi mariyu oka praathamika paatasaala polandlo unnaayi. tarawa aadhaaramgaa kiribati institute off technology (kitt) juun juun kiritimatilo campassnu praarambhinchindi.
vaanijyam.
atol yokka aahara sarafaraalo ekkuva bhaagam digumati chesukovali. traaguneeti korata undavacchu, mukhyamgaa november loe. kontha sarukunu nirvahinche pedda mariyu aadhunika jetteeni japan vaaru londonlo nirminchaaru. samudra chepalu dveepam yokka poeshanhaloo ekkuva bhaganni andistaayi, ayithe gatha konni samvatsaraalugaa adhika chepalu pattadam valla pedda, dopidi chepala janabha gananeeyamgaa taggindi.
atol egumatulu pradhanamgaa kobbari (endina kobbari gujju); prabhutva yaajamaanyamloni kobbari thota sumaruga vistarinchi undhi. adanamgaa aquarium chepalu mariyu samudrapu paachi egumati cheyabadataayi. uppu cheruvulalo "artemia selena" uppuneeti royyalanu vaanijyaparamgaa pempakam chese 1970la project project raddu cheyabadindi. iteevali samvatsaraalalo sajeeva crayfish mariyu challani chepala egumatulu mariyu uppu utpatti yokka saadhyatanu anveshinche prayatnaalu jarigaayi.
ravana.
cassidy antarjaateeya vimaanaasrayam aratipanduku uttaraana mariyu eshaanya binduvulo undhi. idhi sumaru 200 meterla podavutho chadunu cheyabadina ranvenu kaligi undhi mariyu kontakaalam paatu havaayilooni honoluluku air pasiphik (ippudu fiji airways) vimaanamlo americaku sevalu andinchina ekaika vimaanaasrayam kiribaatilo undhi. american teey mourie travel honolu nundi varapu charter vimanalanu andistundi.
air pasiphik 2008 varaku kiritimatiki vimanalanu nadipindi, appudu avi runway paristhiti gurinchi aandolana chendadamtho aagipoyaayi. sevalu sevalu tirigi prarambhamayyayi. asea pasiphik airlines nirvahinche honolu nundi charterednu upayoginchi nelawari vimaana saruku ravana sevanu naduputaaru.
ayan feeled anedi british anhu pareekshalaku mundu nirminchina oka vidichipettabadina vimaanaasrayam. idhi aagneya dveepakalpamlo undhi.
paryatakam.
ikkada chinna mottamlo paryatakam undhi, pradhanamgaa sarassu chepalu pattadam (mukhyamgaa emuka chepalu kosam) ledhaa samudrateera chepalu pattadam patla aasakti unna jaalarlatho anubandhinchabadindi. saadhaaranamgaa moosivesina konni praantaalanu sandarsinchagala vaaram rojula paryaavarana paryataka packagelu kooda andubaatulo unnaayi.
iteevali samvatsaraalalo, uttara ardhagolamlo sheethaakaalamlo manchi alalu unnayani, eee vinoda paryaatakulaku seva cheyadaaniki aasaktulu perugutunnaayani surferlu kanugonnaru. oka chinna hotel, adde soukaryaalu mariyu aahara sevalu vanti konni paryataka sambandhita moulika sadupayalu unnaayi.
sambhaavya prayoga sthalaalu.
1950la praarambhamlo, bhoomadhyarekhaku sameepamlo unna mariyu saadhaaranamgaa khaliga unna samudram diguva shreni (thoorpu) aadhaaramgaa, eee dveepaanni manushulatho kuudina antariksha nauka prayoga sthalamgaa upayoginchaalani wernher vaan braun pratipaadinchaaru.
japanese jaxa satellite tracking station undhi. ippudu raddu cheyabadina hope-ex antariksha nauka project kosam japaneeyulu oka samayamlo padubadina ayan feeldnu tirigi upayoginchaalani pratipaadinchaaru.
kiritimati kooda antarjaateeya jalaallo thoorpuna 370 kilometres (200 nmi) dhooramlo 0° enn 154° doubleu vadda samudra prayoga upagraha prayoga sthalaaniki chaalaa daggaragaa undhi.
bhougolikam.
kiritimati sarassu vaayuvya disalo samudraaniki dadapuga teruchukuntundi; "burgle chaanal" (sarassu pravesadvaaram) uttara "cook iland passage" mariyu dakshina "dakshina passage" gaa vibhajinchabadindi. sarassu yokka aagneya bhaagam nedu paakshikamgaa endipoyindi; mukhyamgaa, burgle chaanal nundi munduku saagutuu, pradhana sarassu kramamga anubandha madugulu, alala chadunaina pradaesaalu, paakshikamgaa upputla cheruvulu mariyu uppu giddangula networkga maarutundi, idhi mottam pradhana sarassu vale adhe praantaanni kaligi undhi. anduvalla, pradhana dveepam mariyu uppu chadunaina praantaala madhya drudamaina sarihaddu lenanduna, bhoomi mariyu sarassu praantaalanu sumaruga matrame ivvavacchu. waskes bay anedi kiritimati dveepam yokka nairuti teeram vembadi vistarinchi unna oka pedda bay.
pradhana dveepamtho paatu, aneka chinnavi unnaayi. "cook iland" anedi pagadapu dibbalo bhaagam, conny kiritimati pradhana bhuubhaagaaniki anusandhaaninchabadaledu. idhi isuka/pagadapu dveepam, idhi uttara mariyu dakshina pravesha dwaraluga burgle chaanelnu vibhajistundi mariyu pedda samudra pakshula kaalaneeni kaligi undhi. eee sarassulooni chinna dveepaalalo (motu luu) "motu tabu" () daani "pisonia" adavitho mariyu uttara bhaagamlo podatho kappabadina "motu upuva" (motu upou ledhaa motu upova anie kooda pilustaaru), mariyu thoorpu bhaagamlo "nangontetek" () unnaayi.
"aagneya dveepakalpam yokka uttara teeramlo, artemia muulalaku aagneyamgaa unna "jose hill" (vaastavaaniki "laa coline dii jooe"), atol meeda ettaina pradaesam, sumaru assel vadda undhi. udaaharanaku vaayuvya dveepakalpamlo, bhoomi kevalam 7 mea (20 adugulu) varaku matrame perugutundi, idhi ippatikee oka pagadapu dibbaku gananeeyamainadi. vistaaramaina pasiphik mahasamudramlo daani ontaritanam kaaranamgaa, "jose hill" bhoomipai 33va atyanta sthalaakrutigaa vivikta sikharam.
vaataavaranam.
intertropical convergence john (itcs) kii sameepamlo unnappatikee, kiritimati bhoomadhyarekha podi jonelo undhi mariyu ell nino samvatsaraalalo tappa varshapaatam chaalaa takkuvagaa untundi; samvatsaraaniki sagatuna, konni samvatsaraalalo idhi chaalaa takkuvagaa undavacchu mariyu 1978 chivarilo chaalaa varaku flats mariyu cheruvulu endipovachhu. marovaipu, konni anoohyamgaa tadi samvatsaraalalo marchi-eprillo samruddhiga kurise varshaalaku phalitamgaa mottam vaarshika varshapaatam ekkuva kaavacchu. kiritimati eee vidhamgaa kramam tappakunda, teevramaina karuvulatho prabhaavitamavutundi. avi daani bhougolika nirmaanam valla teevrataram avtayi; vatavaranaparamga "podi" pasiphik dveepaalu saadhaaranamgaa 30° n ledhaa s akshaamsam vadda "edaari belt" loe unnaayi. kiritimati oka ettaina pagadapu dibba, idhi appudappudu pushkalamgaa avapaatam pondinappatikee, randhra carbonate raathi, sannani matti mariyu dveepamlo chaalaa varaku dattamaina vrukshasampada lekapovadam valla chaalaa takkuvagaa unchabadutundi, ayithe aaviri nirantaram ekkuvagaa untundi. tatphalitamgaa, bhoomadhyarekhaku daggaragaa unna konni pradaesaalaloo kiritimati okati, ivi samarthavantamgaa shushka vaataavaranaanni kaligi untaayi.
ushnograta nirantaram 24 masim mariyu 30 masim (75 efo mariyu 86 efo) madhya untundi, kaalaanuguna vaividhyam kante ekkuva rojuvaaree ushnograta vaividhyam untundi. thoorpu vaanijya gaalulu prabalamgaa untaayi.
janabha.
janabha gilbert mariyu ellis deevula kaalaneelo jarigina modati janabha gananalo, dveepamlo kevalam 38 mandhi nivaasitulu matrame unnaaru, vaarilo ekkuva mandhi companyki chendina kaarmikulu. kaarmikulu rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata 52 mandhi nivaasitulu unnaaru. anhu pareekshala taruvaata, taruvaata idhi idhi perigi, 1967 natiki natiki taggindi, conny conny 1973loe 1,265,1985 janabha lekkala prakaram prakaram 1,737,1990loe 2,537,1995loe 3,225,2000loe 3,431,2005loe 5,586 mariyu mariyu 2015loe perigindi. idhi kiribaatilo atyanta vegavantamaina janabha perugudala.
paryaavaranam.
vrukshajaalam mariyu jantujaalam karuvuku anugunamgaa unde vargeekaranalanu kaligi untaayi. bhusambandhamaina jantujaalam chaalaa takkuva; nijamaina sthaanika bhuu ksheeradaalu laevu mariyu oke oka sthaanika bhuu pakshi undhi-kiribati yokka sthaanika rellu-warbler, bokikoko ("acrocephalus equinoctialis"). antarinchipothunna rimitara lorikeet ("vini kuhli") nuu pravesapettadaaniki pravesapettadaaniki chesina prayatnam chaalaa varaku viphalamaindi; konni pakshulu akkade undi unnatlu anipistundi, conny eee chinna chiluka aadhaarapadina samruddhiga unna kobbari thaati adavi lekapovadam kiritimaatini eee jaatiki anukuulamaina nivasamga chestundi.
vrukshajaalam.
kiritimati sahaja vrukshasampada ekkuvagaa takkuva podalu mariyu gaddi bhoomulanu kaligi untundi. chinna adavulu pradhanamgaa open kobbari thaati ("cocos neusifera") thotala pempakam. aagneya binduvu, vaayuvya binduvu mariyu motu tabu vadda moodu chinna catch burd chetlu ("pisonia grandis") unnaayi. taruvaatidi iteevali kaalamlo akkada naatabadindi. kiritimatilo sumaru 50 pravesapettina mokkala jaatulu kanipistaayi; chaalaa varaku sthaavaraalu, maajee sainika pradaesaalu mariyu rahadaarula chuttoo samruddhiga unnanduna, ivi 20va sataabdamloo matrame sthaapinchabaddaayi.
beach naupaka ("scavola takkada") kiritimatilo atyanta saadhaarana podha; beach naupaka podha dveepamlooni chaalaa vrukshasampadapai aadhipatyam chelaayistundi, swachchamaina standlu ledhaa chettu heliotrope ("heliotropium fortherianum") mariyu bay sedar ("suriana maritima") thoo chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu chetlu taruvaati jaathi sarassu yokka podavaina bhagalalo aadhipatyam chelaayistundi, ikkada idhi etthu varaku perugutundi. chettu heliotrope saadhaaranamgaa samudram ledhaa madugu tiiraaniki koddi dhooramlo kanipistundi. samudra tiiraaniki sameepamlo konni pradaesaalaloo, polynesian heliotrope ("heliotropium anomalam"), pasupu purselane ("portulaca lutia") mariyu saadhaarana purselane ("p. oleratia ") kanugonabadindi. dakshinaana mariyu isuka praantaalalo, 2 meterla etthu varaku perige "sida fallax" samruddhiga untundi. aagneya dveepakalpamlo, s. fallax "marinta kungubatuga perugutundi, mariyu polynesian heliotrope, pasupu mariyu saadhaarana purselane alaage saaleedu" borhavia repense ", paraannajeevi wine" kasita philipharmis "mariyu pasiphik dveepam thintyle (" lepturus repense ") dheeniki anubandhamgaa untaayi. chivari jaathi teerapraanta gaddi maidaanaalalo aadhipatyam chelaayistundi. sarassu teeramloni tadi praantaalu tarachugaa teerapraanta purselane ("sesuuviyam portulacustrum") samruddhiga perugutaayi.
bahusha iteevala pravesapettina mokkalalo atyanta vidhvamsakamainadi sweetsent ("pluchia odoreta"), idhi oka karpurapu vittanam, idhi moolikalu mariyu gaddini penchi, sthaanabhramsham chendutunnanduna oka hanikara kalupu mokkaga pariganinchabadutundi. pravesapettina theega "tribulus systoids", spashtamgaa vyaapinchinappatikii, paryaavarana vyavasthaku hanikaram kante ekkuva prayojanakaramgaa pariganinchabadutundi, endukante idhi konni samudra pakshulaku manchi goodu katte pradaesaalanu andistundi.
pakshulu.
kiritimati nundi 35 kante ekkuva pakshi jaatulu namodu cheyabaddaayi. paina paerkonnatlugaa, bokikokiko ("acrocephalus equinoctialis"), bahusha konni rimitara lorikeets ("vini kuhli")-evaina migili unte-mariyu appudappudu thoorpu dibba egret ("egretta sakra") mottam bhuuchara jantujaalaanni tayaaru chestaayi. sumaru 1,000 vayojana bokikokikolu yea teedeeloonainaa kanipistaayi, conny pradhanamgaa sthaavaraalaku dhooramgaa mishrama gaddi/podha bhoomilo kanipistaayi.
marovaipu, kiritimatilo samudra pakshulu samruddhiga unnaayi, mariyu santanotpatti pakshula janabhalo ekkuva bhaagam unnaayi. eee dveepamlo 18 jaatula samudra pakshulu santanotpatti chestunnayi, veetilo aneka jaatulaku prapanchamlone atyanta mukhyamaina santanotpatti pradaesaalaloo kiritimati okatih
phythontiforms
charadiriforms
procellariforms
peleconiforms
kiritimati sarassu mariyu uppu maidaanaalu valasa pakshulu sheethaakaalamlo aagadaaniki ledhaa undataaniki kooda pradhana pradaesaalu. saadhaaranamgaa kanipinche valasadaarulu ruddy turnstone ("aranaria interpress"), pasiphik golden plover ("pluvialis phulwa"), bristle-toda curlave ("neumanius tahitiensis"), mariyu alemari tatler ("tringa inkana"); itara samudra pakshulu, jalacharaalu mariyu dobbling baatulu kooda appudappudu edurkovachhu. october 7 (±5 rojulu) chuttoo, sumaru 20 million suutii kotha jalaalu uttara pasiphik aahara mydaanaala nundi newzealand chuttoo unna santanotpatti pradaesaalaku velle maargamlo ikkada gundaa velataayi.
itara jantujaalam.
eee praantaaniki chendina ksheeradaalu matrame saadhaarana polynesian elukalu ("ratus exulance") mariyu mekalu. mekalu vantavaadu rakamunde aneka sataabdaala mundu elukanu naavikulu pravesapettinatlu telustondi (avi ippatike unnayani ayana paerkonnaaru); mekalu 14 janavari 2004 nundi antarinchipooyaayi. nalla elukalu ("ratus ratus") edho oka samayamlo undevi, bahusha 19va sataabdapu naavikulu ledhaa anhu pareekshala samayamlo pravesapettaaru. vaaru pillula vaeta mariyu polynesian elukala pootii minahaayimpu madhya pattu saadhinchalekapoyaaru, mariyu eee roeju kiritimatilo nalla elukala janabha kanipinchaledu.
konni samvatsaraalalo 2,000 varaku adavi pillulu eee dveepamlo kanipistaayi; 19va sataabdamloo janabha sthirapadindi. vaati dopidi pakshula jeevitaanni teevramgaa debbateestundi. 19va sataabdam chivari nundi, vaaru daadaapu 60 saatam samudra pakshula jaatulanu pradhana bhuubhaagam nundi puurtigaa tarimikottaaru, mariyu pratyaekamaina podi samayaallo vaaru burada maidaanaalanu daati "motu" lapai pakshulaku vindu istaaru. kallajodugala tern kodipillalu sthaanika pilli janaabhaaku ishtamaina aaharamgaa kanipistaayi. pillula sankhya peragakunda chusenduku konni charyalu teesukuntunnaru. pillula janabhanu kontha mottamlo tagginchadam valla chrismus kii chaalaa prayojanam chekurutundani mariyu daani nivaasulu saadhaaranamgaa angeekarinchabadataarani, conny paristhiti chaalaa klishtamgaa undhi, vaatini puurtigaa nirmoolinchadam (idhi siddhaantaparamgaa saadhyame; marian dveepam chudandi)-vivaraala kosam krinda chudandi. adavi pandula parimita janabha undhi. avi okappudu samruddhiga undevi mariyu mukhyamgaa "onicoprian" mariyu naadeelapai vidhvamsam srushtinchaayi. sthaanikulu pandhi vaetanu prothsahinchaaru, mariyu dveepavaasulaku choukaina protein vanarunu andistuu, pandhi janabhanu sthiramaina sthaayiki parimitam cheyadamlo atyanta vijayavantamaindi.
konni "supertramp" ballulu tama sonta maargaala dwara dveepaaniki cherukunnayi. saadhaaranamgaa kanipinchevi shokam gekko (lepidodactylus lugubris) mariyu charmam "cryptoblepharus butoni"; naalugu panjaalu gala gekko ("gehira mutilata") takkuva tarachugaa kanipistaayi.
kiritimati mariyu ventane prakkane unna neetilo konni mukhyamaina crustatianlu kanipistaayi. ubhayachara kobbari peetha ("birgus latro") terraina antha saadhaaranam kaadu. deyyam peetalu (genus "osipod"), "cardisoma carnifex" mariyu "geograpsus grai" bhuu peetalu, strawberry bhoomi sanyasi peetha ("coenobita perlatus") kooda gurtinchadaginavi. pravesapettina uppuneeti royyalu "artemia salina" dveepamlooni lavaneeyam cheruvulanu janasaandratatoo nimputundi.
dibba yokka paryaavaranam.
mitimeerina chepalu pattadam mariyu kalushyam dveepam chuttoo unna samudrampai prabhavam chupayi. uttara rekha deevula janavasalu laeni dveepaala chuttoo unna samudramlo, kingman reif vadda 74 saatam (329 (97 mariyu pammira atol vadda 57 saatam (97 (97 sorachepalu unnaayi, ayithe tabueran mariyu kiritimati vadda takkuva sorachepa sankhyalu gamaninchabaddaayi.
aakupaccha taabellu ("chelonia mydas") kiritimati meeda kramam tappakunda takkuva sankhyalo goodu kattutaayi. eee sarassu emuka chepalaku (albula glosodonta) prapanchavyaaptamgaa samudra jaalarlalo prasiddhi chendindi, mariyu samudra jaatula adhika chepalu pattadaanni tagginchadaaniki "oreochromis" tilaapiyaato nilva cheyabadindi. eee telaapiyaalu chadunaina uppu neetilo vruddhi chendinappatikii, avi chuttupakkala unna samudramloki tappinchukunte ekkuva kaalam undavu.
madugu lopala mariyu velupala mariyu chuttupakkala dibbala venta pedda sankhyalo bhaarii trevalli (carancs ignobilis) kanipistaayi. eee chuttupakkala dibbala chuttoo pedda trevalli namuunaalanu chudavachu mariyu emuka chepalatho paatu chaalaa mandhi matsyakaarulu vaatini vetukutaaru.
parirakshana mariyu viluptam.
december december, british valasa adhikaram 1938 naati "gilbert mariyu ellis iland kaalanee wild birds protection ordinance" kinda kiritimaatini pakshi abhayaaranyamgaa gazited chesindi. vanta dveepam, motu tabu mariyu motu upuvaalaku praapyata parimitam cheyabadindi. appati swayam paalita kaalanee vanyapraanula parirakshana ordinance prakaram kiritimaatini 1975 maeloe vanyapraanula abhayaaranyamgaa prakatinchaaru. engantetech mariyu vaayuvya binduvu vadda unna suutii tern breeding grounds kooda parimitam cheyabadina-access jonlugaa marai. rendu samvatsaraala taruvaata, churukaina parirakshana charyalu prarambhamayyayi.
parimita sthaayilo, parisoedhana ledhaa chinna taraha paryaavarana paryatakam vanti prayojanaala kosam parimitam cheyabadina praantaalloki pravesinchadaaniki anumatulu ivvabadataayi. kiribati vanyapraanula parirakshana vibhagam kiritimati abhivruddhi kamitee mariyu sthaanika bhuu pranaalika bordulo paalgontundi, mariyu vanyapraanula samrakshana mariyu vidyaku sambandhinchina samagra karyakramam undhi. kiritimatipai parirakshana prayatnaalaku newzealand pradhana spaansar.
puurvapu guddu sekarana.
gatamlo aaharam kosam pedda ettuna guddu sekarinchadam tarachugaa undedi, conny ippudu nishedhinchabadindi. udaaharanaku, kolukovadaniki taginanta samayam isthe mariyu pillulu lekapothe, suutii turns oka seasonloni anni gudla (10 millionlaku paiga) appudappudu samardhavantamgaa sekarananu konasaginchagalavani gamaninchaali. siddhaantaparamgaa, khareedaina aahara digumatulanu gananeeyamgaa tagginche sthaayilo guddu sekarana kooda saadhyamavutundi, conny pilli mariyu elukala janabhanu niyantranaloki teesukuvacche varaku kaadu. vaeta anedi oka aandolanagaa migilipoyindi; kiritimatilo janabha perugutuu, vyaapti chendadamtho, gatamlo maarumuula pakshi kaalaneelu marinta andubaatulo unnaayi; erra thokala ushnamandala pakshulu mariyu "sulaa" mukhyamgaa vaeta mariyu bhangam valla balamgaa prabhaavitamavutaayi. ushnamandala pakshulanu pradhanamgaa vaati eekalu kosam vetaadutaaru, veetini sthaanika kalalu mariyu hastakalalo upayogistaaru; polynesian nagarikata yokka ettulo unnappati maadirigaa vaatini sajeeva pakshula nundi pondadam khachitamgaa saadhyamavutundi.
krooramaina pillulu.
adavi pillula toku nirmuulana dwara matrame munupati sankhyalo unna samudra pakshulanu mallee cherukovachani anipinchavacchu. idhi saadhyamani niroopinchabadinappatiki, pillula janabhanu teevramgaa tagginchadam kooda kavalsinadena anedi spashtamgaa teliyaduh chinna polynesian eluka samudra pakshulaku haani kaliginchadu, edainaa unte, adhi takkuvagaa undani gatamlo bhaavinchinappatikii, inti elukalu kooda samudra pakshula goollanu tintayani choopabadindi. chaalaa goodu katte pakshulu, mukhyamgaa procellariformlo, ippudu "ratus exulance" dwara pramaadamloo unnatlu angeekarinchabaddaayi. kiritimati pillulu, chinna samudra pakshulanu chaalaa ishtapadataayi; pillulu saadhaaranamgaa takkuva praadesikamgaa undi, churukaina pakshi kaalaneelalo sankhyalo samavesamavadamto, vaati pravartana tadanugunamgaa maarutundani kooda anipistundi; samudra pakshula kodipillalu samruddhiga unnappudu avi saadhaaranamgaa elukalanu vetaadatam manukuntayi.
kiritimati meeda oka nirvighnamaina aada pillini kaligi undatam chattaviruddham, mariyu yajamaanulu tama pempudu pillulu adaviga paripokunda nirodhinchaali (ituvanti jantuvulanu saadhaaranamgaa eee prayojanam kosam erpaatu chesina uchchulalo twaragaa champutaru). ratriputa pilli vaeta pilli janabhapai peddagaa prabhavam chuupaleedu. paina paerkonnatlugaa, pillula nundi churukaina goodu maidaanaalanu ucchulu mariyu visham dwara teevramgaa rakshinchadam, kaalpula dwara bharti cheyadam, lekapothe elukalanu vetaadataaniki vaatini ontarigaa vadiliveyadam saraina parishkaram kaavacchu.
radiation pramaadaalu.
1950la chivaralo dveepamlo nirvahinchina anhu pareekshala valla paryaavarana mariyu prajaarogyampai kalige prabhaavampai nammadagina samacharam ledhu. 1975 adhyayanam atyalpamaina radiation pramaadam undani perkondi; khachitamgaa, patanam vijayavantamgaa tagginchabadindi. ayithe iteevala, newzealand yokka massie vishwavidyaalaya adhyayanam pareekshalalo palgonna anubhavagnulalo chromosome translocations sagatuna moodu retlu perigaayani kanugondi; chaalaa varaku sambandhita dayta netikee vargeekarinchabadindi.
1982-1983 ell neeno.
1982-1983 "mega-ell nino" kiritimati meeda samudra pakshula janabhanu naasanam chesindi. konni jaatulalo, maranaala raetu 90 saataaniki perigindi mariyu aaa samayamlo santanotpatti vijayam sunnaki padipoyindi.
saadhaaranamgaa, ell nino paristhitulu samudra pakshula janabha taggadaaniki kaaranamavutaayi, mamsaahaarula prastuta saandrata vadda kolukovadaniki chaalaa samvatsaraalu padutundi. kiritimatipai global warming prabhavam oohinchalenidi. ell nino sanghatanalu vecchani vaataavaranamloo chinnaviga conny marinta tarachugaa kanipistaayi.
vaataavarana maarpu.
vimaanaasrayam praantam minaha dveepam yokka moulika sadupayalu mariyu nivasalalo ekkuva bhaagam, leaward vadda undhi, tadwara tuphaanula nundi kontavaraku rakshinchabadindi.
perugutunna samudra mattam mukhyamgaa samasyaatmakamgaa kanipinchadam ledhu; anubandha madugula perugutunna varadalu sulabhamgaa gamaninchadagina mundastu heccharikanu andistaayi, mariyu maamsaahaarulaku "motu" lanu takkuva andubaatulo unchadam dwara samudra pakshula janaabhaaku kooda prayojanam chekuurustaayi. vaastavaaniki, kiritimati charitrapurva samudra matta maarpulanu baga thattukogaligindani bhougolika samacharam suuchistumdi.
maarutunna vaataavaranam valla kalige atipedda pramaadam marinta sudeerghamaina mariyu/ledhaa teevramaina karuvulu anipistundi, idhi dveepam yokka parityaagam kooda vegavantam chestundi chestundi jariginatlugaa). ayithe, vaataavarana namuunaalu elaa marutayo spashtamgaa teliyadu, mariyu avapaatam peragavacchu.
antarinchipovadam.
tuvamotu sandpiper ("prosobonia cancellata") rakam namuunaanu namuunaanu chrismus dveepamlo, bahusha janavari 1 ledhaa 2naa, kepten cook sandarsana samayamlo sekarinchaaru. yaatraku chendina prakruti shaastravetta vilium anderson eee pakshini pariseelinchaaru, dheeniki vilium ellis (krinda link cheyabadindi) chitrinchaadu. 18va sataabdam chivaralo oke namuunaa joseph banks sekaranalo undhi, conny taruvaata adhi poyindi ledhaa naasanam cheyabadindi. kiritimati janaabhaaku sambandhinchi kontha vargeekarana vivaadam undhi.
anni "prosobonia" luu suduura valasalu chepattadaaniki ishtapadani nivaasa pakshuluga (edi) kanipistunnanduna, antarinchipoyina janabhanu nominate upajaatulugaa pariganinchadam, "prosobonia cancellata cancellata" ledhaa kiritimati sandpiper, aagneyamlo 2,000 kimmy (1,200 mye) kante ekkuva manugadalo unna tuvamotu deevula janabha nundi bhinnamgaa untundi.
idhi kiritimatiki matrame parimitam ayi undavacchu, conny bahusha kakapovachhu; avasheshaalu kanugonabadaledu, takkuva kshetra pani nirvahinchabadindi, mariyu tuvamotu sandpiper alavaatla nundi choosthe, daadaapu anni line dheevulu tagina aavasalanu andinchi undevi.
kiritimati janabha p. 19va sataabdam praarambhamlo daadaapu khachitamgaa pravesapettina ksheeradaala vetade kaaranamgaa cancellata adrusyamaindi. prosobonia" saadhaaranamgaa polynesian elukalaku vyatiraekamgaa tama sontamgaa nilabadagaliginappatiki, avi nalla eluka mariyu adavi pillulaku chaalaa haani kaligistaayi. parichayam thedhee mariyu modatidi yokka garishta janabha chuttoo unna anischitulanu batti, kiritimati sandpiper antarinchipovadamlo pillulu pradhana neerasthulugaa kanipistaayi.
eee dveepam charitrapurva kaalamlo kontavaraku sthirapadi undinanduna, appatike pakshi jaatulanu kolpoyi undavacchu. kiritimati chaalaa puraatanamainadani, kaneesam holocene kaalamlo puurtigaa neeti aduguna eppuduu ledani bhougolika samacharam suuchistumdi; anduvalla idhi okappudu atyanta vibhinnamaina chittadi naela pakshulaku aasrayam icchi undavacchu.
kiritimatilo parimitamaina mottam aavasa vaividhyam, jeeva bhougolikam daani maarumuula sthaanam kaaranamgaa, atuvanti oohaatmaka vargeekarana paridhini parimitam chestundi. kaneesam okati, bahusha aneka "gallirallus" mariyu/ledhaa "porjana" pattalu eee praantamloo vaari puurva unikini batti, chaalaa mandhi abhyardhulanu tayaaru chestaayi, mariyu kiritimatipai paristhitulu baga saripothayi. bahusha oka "todiramphus" kingfisher kooda undavacchu; atuvanti pakshi bahusha pavitra kingfisherku chendinadi ayi undavacchu (tii. ) samuuham, endukante aaa jaathi nedu micronesialo oka vagrantgaa kanipistundi, mariyu sambandhita roopaalu aagneya polynesialo nivasistaayi. eee pakshulu polynesian elukaku bully ayi undevi. pattaala vishayamlo (idhi daadaapu khachitamgaa egaranidi) appudappudu nivaasita polynesianlu vetaadatam, digumati chesukunna elukala vetatho paatu, vaati antarinchipovadaaniki dohadapadindi.
vidya.
oka catholic senior hye, seyint thoo paatu, tabuveraanlo unna oka prabhutva unnata paatasaala, melengi tabay madhyamika paatasaala undhi (ayithe kiribati prabhutvam daani campassnu kiritimatilo tirigi teravaalani korukunnappatiki). frances unnata paatasaala.

