
constantinolu kaumas

constantinos kaumas (; laurissa, 26 september 1777-trieste, 13 mae 1836) oka greeku 'dhesha guruvu', aadhunika greeku ghnaanoodayam yokka maargadarsakudu, charitrakaarudu, tatwavetta mariyu saahitya rachanala anuvaadakudu.
jeevita charitra.
balyam mariyu chaduvulu.
athanu 1777loe laurissalo janminchaadu. athani tandri maikhel kaumas, oka kopangala vyapari.
jaanissareelu tananu taanu pattukokudadane bhayamtho, athanu thana balyanni intlo daachi, paatasaalaku ledhaa charchiki vellakundaa gadipadu. 1787loe, laurissalo chelaregina plaegu mahammari kaaranamgaa, kauma kutumbam tyrenavoselo vadili vellipoyindi. akkada, chinna constantinos charchi vadda sinaxarylu mariyu landos dwara paapula mokshaanni elaa chadavaalo neerchukunnaaru. athanu ghnaanam patla utsahanni penchukunnanduna, athani tallidandrulu atanni padihenu samvatsaraala vayassulo tyrnavos paatasaalalo prasavinchaaru, akkada athanu ianis pezaros (ιωάνης πέσαρος) nuu thana guruvugaa kaligi unnadu. ayana aaru samvatsaraalu ayana dwara vidyanu abhyasinchi, pramukha vidyaarthigaa paeru tecchukunnaaru. aayanaku praacheena greeku shaastreeya rachayitalu mariyu ganitasastram, jyaamiti mariyu bhouthika shaastramtho kalisi tatvasaastram yokka praathamika suutraala gurinchi bodhinchaaru, indulo ayana pratyeka vampu chuupaaru. laurissa metropolitan, dionysis kaliarkis atanni constantinoplo thanatho paatu teesukelli, adbhutamaina port, constantine yapsilantis yokka goppa dragamanku parichayam chesaadu. nirbandham vallachia yuvarajuga prakatinchabadinappudu, athanu athani sevalanu niyaminchukovaalani suuchimchaadu, conny kaumas niraakarinchi thana maatrubhoomiki tirigi vacchaadu, akkada athanu upadhyayudu ayyadu.
tsaaritsaani mariyu ampelakialo upadhyayudu.
turkish nirantara ugravaadam kaaranamgaa, athanu tsaaritsaaneeki paaripoyaadu, akkada athanu oka matapeetam nundi bodhinchaadu mariyu bodhinchaadu. athanu prajaasvaamyavaadula pramaanaala prakaram saadhaarana greeku bhaashalo greeku mariyu shaastreeya adhyayanalanu bodhinchaadu mariyu beejaganitaanni kotta paatamgaa parichayam chesaadu. 1798 octoberulo, athanu thana guruvu ayina ionis pezaros kumartenu vivaham chesukuntunnadu.
aaa taruvaata athanu ampelakiaku vellaadu, akkada gregori constantas mariyu caphaloniaku chendina doctor spiridon asanis bodhinchevaaru. 1799loe, kaumas kuu oka kumarte undhi, conny athanu thana bharyanu kolpotadu. chaalaa badhapadina athanu drakshatotalaku paaripoyaadu, akkada athanu french khagola shaastravetta mariyu ganita shaastravetta abey dii laa kail yokka rachanalanu sankuvu prefecturela gurinchi anuvadinchadamlo asaanilatoe kalisi panicheesaadu.
vienna loe.
1803 chivarilo, antimos ghazis thana janmasthalamaina vesavilo sandarsinchinappudu atanni thanatho paatu teesukellaaru. mariyu kaumas "ghnaanoodayamaina airopa" nii kalavalani udvegamto korukunnadu. austria-hangari rajadhanilo, athanu sampannamaina greeku samaajaaniki guruvugaa unnappudu, athani greeku nighantuvu prachurana kosam athani sibbandilo cherchabaddaadu. alaage, kaumas dhanavanthudaina vyapari stephanos moscos (στέφανος στέφανος στοσχος) kuu private upadhyayudiga niyaminchabaddaadu, adhe samayamlo athanu vishwavidhyaalayaaniki darakhaastu chesukunnadu, pradhanamgaa ganita sambandhita korsulaku hajarayyadu. french viplavam yokka ippatikee teevramaina pratidhvanitho, aaa samayamlo vienna swechcha mariyu kotta aalochanalatho nindi undhi, idhi aadhyaatmika mariyu kalaatmaka udyamaaniki kendramgaa undhi, ippatike 1365 nundi vishwavidyaalayaanni kaligi undhi, pustakaalu, vaartaapatrikalu mariyu patrikalu aneka bhaashalalo pampinhee cheyabadutunnayi. athanu swayamgaa german neerchukuntunnaadu. 1807loe thana tandri maranam taruvaata kaumas baleeyamaina aardhika paristhitiloo undatam ataniki kashtamaina samvatsaram.
smyrna loe.
1808loe kottagaa sthaapinchabadina bhaashaashaastra vyaayaamasaala nirvahananu chepattaalani greekula nundi ataniki ahvanam andindi. athani saamardhyaalaku prasamsalu pondina adamantios coroys yokka korika meraku, athanu angeekarinchi akkadiki vellaadu. eee padaviloe ayana ganitam, tatvasaastram, prayogaatmaka bhautikasastram, bhougolikam mariyu naitikatanu bodhinchaaru, adhe samayamlo paatasaalanu sambandhita parikaraalatoe sannaddham cheyadam dwara bhouthika mariyu rasayana prayogaalanu nirvahinchaaru. thana bodhanatho athanu hetubaddhata mariyu prayogaalanu pravesapettaadu, ghnaapakasakti mariyu vidheyata aadhaaramgaa bodhana yokka mataparamaina sampradaayaanni sthaanabhramsham chesaadu. athanu paatasaalalaku arhamaina nirvahakudiga goppa khyaatini pondaadu, mariyu pitruswamya siril VII atanni desham yokka goppa paatasaalanu nadapadaniki sthiramaina prajalaku ahvaninchadu. 1814loe athanu gerocrini (constantinopulku uttaraana) looni curotsesmio paatasaala director padavini angeekarinchaadu, akkada athanu kevalam oka samvatsaram matrame undi, 1815loe athani kumarte vivaham chesukuntunna smirnaku tirigi vacchaadu.
philiki etairia vaipu nilabadandi.
kaumas philiki etairialo sabhyudiga maravalasi vachindi, conny athanu viplavam mariyu snehitula gurinchi pratikuulamgaa kakapoyina sandehaaspadamgaa unnadu. thana rachana "maanava charyala kathalu" loe..."(1832) athanu chaalaa mandhi snehitulanu runadaatalugaa varninchaadu, vaaru kotta sabhyulaku catechise chesaaru endukante vaaru prati kotta sabhyuniki oka florin chellinchaaru. ottoman saamrajyam yokka khachitamaina patanaanni vaaru anchanaa vesinanduna athanu snehitulanu vimarsinchaadu. alegzandros yapsilaantisnu "amayakudu mariyu pillavadu" gaa ayana abhivarninchaaru. ayithe, snehapoorvaka samajam patla eee pratikuula vaikhari viplavaniki mundu panditulalo vistrutamgaa undedi.
germanylo.
aktobaru 1817loe greeku panditudu pustakaalanu prachurinchadaaniki mariyu thana gnaanaanni susampannam cheyadaaniki vienna vellaadu. athanu german vishwavidhyaalayaalaku veltaadu mariyu thodelu, krugg, delling, cruiser vanti goppa samakaaleena panditulanu kalustaadu. athanu emmanuel cont yokka hetubaddhamaina sphuurtini mecchukuntaadu. leapsig vishwavidyaalayam aayanaku tatvasaastram mariyu lalita kalalalo doctoratenu pradaanam chesi, 1820 praarambhamlo sambandhita diplomanu pampindi, berlinloni raayal academy mariyu munich vishwavidyaalayam aayananu gourava sabhyudiga gurtinchaayi. thana medho sikshanaku pratyaekamgaa upayogapade eee rendu samvatsaraala tirogamanam taruvaata, athanu thana aayudhagaaramlo goppa anuvaadam mariyu prachurana panini kaligi undi, tirigi smirenaku tirigi vastaadu.
smirenaku tirigi vellu.
ayithe, 1819loe smyrna paatasaala moosiveyabadindi mariyu suvaarta paatasaala nirvahana pratipaadananu koymas tiraskarinchaaru. akkada basa chesinappudu athanu greco-german nighantuvu (konni "remeros") anuvaadam gurinchi vyavaharistaadu, german bhashanu vignaana shaastram mariyu hetubaddhata patla bhakti yokka bhashaga pariganistaadu. greeku viplavam prakatanatho eee pani aagipovalasi vastundi. athani adbhutamaina librarytho sahaa athani mottam aastini turkey prajalu japthu chestaaru, vaaru atanni anumanaspadamga bhaavistaaru.
greeku viplavam mariyu austriaku paaripovadam.
athanu austrian oodaloo tristeku tappinchukuntaadu. akkada nundi athanu viyannaku veltaadu, akkada atanni kutralo palgonna aaropanalapai austrian pooliisulu arrestu chestaaru, conny nirbandha nibandhanalatho twaragaa vidudala cheyabadatadu. viyannaalo athanu thana nighantuvu sankalanaanni puurti chestaadu-athanu save cheyagaligina ekaika rachana-aapai athanu thana prachuranaku veltaadu, ventane athanu puraatana kaalam nundi 1831 varaku maanava charyala charitra rachanatho vyavaharistaadu. adhe samvatsaramlo 12 samputaalalo prachurinchina eee rachana athani atyanta mukhyamaina medho srushti. 1836 varaku kaalamlo, kaumas thana balaheenamaina aarogyam kaaranamgaa greeslo vidya kaaryakalaapaalaku sambandhinchina vidhulanu chepattadaaniki rendusaarlu niraakarinchaadu. thana chivari samvatsaraallo athanu tergeste/trieste loe gadipadu, akkada athanu 1836loe 59 samvatsaraala vayassulo kalara kaaranamgaa maraninchaadu. bhasha samasyapai athani vaikhari/bhasha samasya patla athani vaikhari, kaumas kalakramena "korais yokka atyanta nammakamaina mariyu sthiramaina anucarudu" gaa migilipoyadu, puraatana padam/puraatana greeku bhashaku pratyarthi, greeku matlade vidya purogati kosam ghnaanoodayam prayatnaaniki athanu oka avarodhamgaa bhaavistaadu. koumaalu vidya yokka saamaajika swabhaavaanni vishwasinchaaru mariyu marinta suparichitamaina bhaashalo bodhana eee lakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki nirnayaatmakamgaa dohadapadutundani bhaavinchaaru. eee kaaranaala valla athanu neophytos doucas vanti puraatana bhasha/puraatana greeku bhasha pratinidhulatho vibhedinchaadu.
pinchanu.
akkada nundi vaaru aaru rojula gurrapu swarry tarvaata trieste nagaramloni adria panspermanlo vacchaaru. andulo neenu atyanta parignaanam, kashtapadi panichese, maa taram kosam mariyu thessalia nundi gouravaneeyamaina vyakti, koyma kalusukunnaru. neenu tristelo unna samayamlo (april-day) (1834) sophocles kumarudu mariyu telivaina aardhikavettala taruvaata neenu greesku vastunnappudu idhi anukokunda jarigindi. baga chaduvukunna koymalu appudu saadhaarana bhougolika saastraanni vraastunnaaru, eppatilaage, athanu udayam nundi puurtigaa pani chestu unnadu. madhyahnam naalugo ganta varaku, antey, athanu kramam tappakunda nadaka kosam bayataku veltaadu.memu atanni kalavakapoyinappudu, athanu trieste loe undaalanukunnanta kaalam atanni chudalane korikanu vyaktam chesaadu, endukante aaa nagaramloni pravaasulatoe tappa marevaritoonuu ataniki kontha sambandham ledhu.trieste loe neenu basa chesina modati aadivaaram naadu, neenu greeku sanaatana charchilooni gouravaneeyamaina koymaku hajarayyanu, daaniki ghnaanulaina aardhikavettalu kooda hajarayyaru.
- panageotis papanoum, aatmakatha, 1873.
thana pani.
ayana rachanala jabita ayana raasina 'polychronis enepekidis, corrise-koymas-kalvos, athens 1967, pp. 165-166.
muulaalu.
"" "chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna chinna 1913. 2011 samvatsaraaniki 30 samvatsaraala kritam jariginadi