
tii7 faze

bacteriophase tii7 (ledhaa tii7 faze) anedi bacteriophase, bacterianu sankraminche virus. idhi "eskerichia kooli" yokka chaalaa jaatulaku sokutundi mariyu vyaapti chendadaaniki eee atidheyulapai aadhaarapadutundi. bacteriophase tii7 lytic jeevita chakranni kaligi undhi, antey adhi sankraminche kanaanni naasanam chestundi. idhi prayogaaniki anuvaina fezga chese aneka lakshanaalanu kooda kaligi undih daani suddeekarana mariyu ekagrata rasayana vislaeshanhalaloo sthiramaina viluvalanu utpatti chesaayi; idhi yuvi kaantiki gurikavadam dwara antuvyaadhi laenidigaa cheyabadutundi; mariyu dheenini clone rna binding proteinlaku faze pradarsanalo upayoginchavacchu.
aavishkarana.
1945loe demerech mariyu phano chesina adhyayanamlo, "eskerichia kooli" paie laitikalga perige edu faze rakaala (t1 nundi t7) loe okadaanni vivarinchadaaniki t7 upayoginchabadindi; ayithe mottam edu fagelanu ekapakshamgaa lekkinchaaru, besi sankhyalatho fagelanu ledhaa t-besi fagelanu taruvaata kanugonnaru, ivi vaatini t-eeven faejla nundi vaeru chese padanirmaana mariyu jeevarasaayana lakshanaalanu panchukuntaayi. bhouthikamgaa t7 gaa suuchimchabadataaniki mundu, faze munupati prayogaalalo upayoginchabadindi. german-american jeevabhouthika shaastravetta maaks delbrook 1930la chivaralo adhe vairastho panicheesaaru, dheenini faze δ anie pilicharu, mariyu french-kenadian suukshmajeevasaastraveetta felix dii 'herrell 1920laloe daani daggari sambandhaanni adhyayanam chesaaru.
atidhulu.
tii7 "eskerichia kooli" (i.ii. vaati uparitalampai puurti-podavu oo-antigen polysaccharide laenivi) mariyu konni itara enteric bacteria, conny daggari bandhuvulu kooda mruduvaina mariyu capsulated jaatulaku sokutaru. ii. konni itara saaruupya faejla kante kooli tii7kii ekkuva nirodhakatanu kaligi untundi.
virian nirmaanam.
virus sanklishtamaina nirmaana samaruupatanu kaligi undhi, 55 nm lopali vyaasam mariyu 19 nm vyaasam mariyu 28.5 nm podavu capsidto jatacheyabadina thokatho icosahedral (iravai mukhalu) faze yokka capsid untundi. sankramana tarvaata capsid nundi proteinla ajection valla virus kanamloki pravesinchinappudu daani nirmaanam maarutundi.
genome.
faze tii7 yokka janyuvu mottamodati puurtigaa kramabaddheekarinchina janyuvulalo okati mariyu 1983loe prachurinchabadindi. faze kanaala thalalo sumaru 40 kbp dsdna janyuvu untundi, idhi 55 proteinlanu encode chestundi. janyuvu aneka ativyaapti chendutunna janyuvulanu kaligi undhi, ivi tii7.1 nuu utpatti cheyadaaniki janyuvunu 'refactoring' cheyadam dwara paakshikamgaa tolaginchabaddaayi.
jeevita chakram.
t7 37°C vadda 17 nimishala jeevita chakranni kaligi undhi.ii. kotta faze vidudala ayinappudu host sell yokka lysis varaku sankramana samayam. swalpa gupta kaalam kaaranamgaa, chaalaa saareeraka adhyayanalu 30 degreela celsius vadda nirvahinchabadataayi, ikkada sokina kanaalu 30 nimishala tarvaata lies avtayi. ayithe, T7 yokka adhika-fitness jaatulu goppa media phalitaalalo saraina paristhitulalo 37 degreela celsius vadda kevalam 11 nimishala gupta kaalamtho verucheyabaddaayi. eee anukuulamaina faze daani janabhanu oka ganta perugudalalo 1013 kante ekkuva samarthavantamgaa vistarinchagaladu.
host bacteria yokka sankramana.
t7 faze "e" yokka uparitalampai konni grahakalanu gurtistundi.kolai "kanaalu, mariyu daani viral thoka fibers dwara kana uparitalaaniki bandhistundi. tii7 yokka konni jaatulalo, thoka fibers nuu thoka-spikesto bharti chestaaru, ivi enzymatic charya dwara kana uparitalampai oo-ledhaa keey-antigenlanu ksheenimpajestaayi.
adhishoshanam mariyu chochukupoye prakriya bacteria kana goda yokka peptidoglycon pora lopala oka teranu srushtinchadaaniki lysogymelanu upayogistundi, viral dnnu bacterialoki badilee cheyadaaniki anumatistundi. tii7 lanty faze yokka chinna, mondi thoka kana kavarunu vistarinchadaaniki chaalaa chinnadi mariyu, sankramana praarambhamlo faze janyuvunu kanamloki bayataku teeyadaaniki, virian proteins modata thoka kona nundi kana cytoplasmloki oka chaanelnu tayaaru cheyali.
viral genome yokka replication praarambhinchadaaniki mariyu host genomenu cheelchadaaniki avasaramaina aidu proteinlanu kooda faze vidudala chestundi. peptidoglycon kana goda mariyu chrisper vyavasthatho sahaa aneka host bacteria rakshanalanu adhigaminchadaaniki tii7 bacteria abhivruddhi chendindi. tii7 faze viral genomenu choppinchina tarvaata, host genome yokka dna replication prakriya nilipiveyabadutundi mariyu viral genome yokka replication praarambhamavutundi.
saraina paristhitulalo, tii7 faze 25 nimishaallo lytic prakriyanu puurti cheyagaladu, idhi "ii" yokka maranaaniki daariteestundi. kolai "host sell. lysis samayamlo, virus 100 kii paiga santaanaanni utpatti cheyagaladu.
bhagalu.
jipi5 (janyuvu "jipi5" dwara encode cheyabadindi) anedi tii7 faze yokka dna polymerase. t7 polymerase e nii upayogistundi. kolai yokka endogenous theordoxin, oka redox protein, faze dna replication samayamlo sliding dna clampga (theordoxin saadhaaranamgaa vaerae paniteerunu kaligi unnappatikee). polymerasenu dnapy pattukoodaaniki sliding clamp vidhulu, idhi samslaeshanha retunu penchutundi.
DNA replication mariyu marammattu.
faze tii7loe atyanta saralamaina dna replisome undhi, indulo helicase mariyu primase untaayi, ivi oke polypeptide golusulo untaayi, idhi dna mariyu etipi ledhaa dttp samakshamlo hexamernu yerparustundi. t7 dna polymerase, "e" sahayamtho. kolai "theordoxin, leading mariyu logg-strand dna samslaeshanha rendintinee nirvahistundi.
faze tii7loe, dna double-strand viramalu break sait vadda oka gyap loki daata dna pyaachnu choppinchadam dwara marammatu cheyabadataayi. double-strand viraamaala eee marammattu DNA yokka homologus complimentary strandla enealingnu prothsahinche 2.5 janyu protein dwara sulabhataram cheyabadutundi.
replicative madhyavartulu.
sell lysis tarvaata vistarinchinappudu, faze t7 yokka intracellular DNA yokka pratiroopam, saadhaaranamgaa paripakva faze chromosome (11 nundi 15 micrometers) kante podavugaa untundi mariyu paripakva faze chromosome yokka podavu kante 66 retlu ekkuva concutted leanier strands roopamlo sambhavinchavachhu. pratiruupana DNA nii coiled ring structures roopamlo kooda chudavachu, ivi multiply looped DNA configurationlaku anugunamgaa kanipistaayi, dheenilo DNA yokka sampeedanaaniki avasaramaina superhelical twistlu, sell lysis meeda strandnu nokkadam dwara upasamanam pondaayi.
molecular biologylo anuvartanaalu.
tii7 rna polymerase kosam daani atyanta adhika anubandham mariyu tadwara adhika sthaayi vyakteekarana kaaranamgaa tii7 promoter sequence molecular biologylo vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadutundi.
synthetic biologylo tii7 oka namoonaga upayoginchabadindi. chaan "mariyu itarulu."(2005) tii7 yokka janyuvunu" "refactor" "chesi, daani janyuvulo sumaru 12 keey. bii. pii. nii injaneerd dii. enn. yea. thoo bharti chesindi". injaneerd dna aneka vidhaluga panicheyadaaniki sulabhataram cheyadaaniki roopondinchabadindih vyaktigata kriyaatmaka amsaalu saadhaarana maarpu kosam parimiti endonucles saitla dwara vaeru cheyabaddaayi, mariyu ativyaapti protein coding domainlu vaeru cheyabaddaayi mariyu avasaramaina chota, oke bays jatha nissabda utparivartanaala dwara savarinchabaddaayi.
kaniti kanaalaku chikitsa cheyadaaniki maanava osteosarcomapy tii7 pareekshinchabadindi.