
toko tookan

saadhaarana tookan ledhaa jaint tookan anie kooda piluvabade toko tookan (rampastos toko), tookan kutumbamlo atipedda mariyu bahusha baga telisina jaathi. idhi madhya mariyu thoorpu dakshina americaloni pedda bhaagam antataa paakshikamgaa terichi unna aavasalalo kanipistundi. idhi jantupradarsanasaalalo oka saadhaarana aakarshana.
vargeekarana mariyu vyavasthaagata.
german janthu shaastravetta phillip ludwig statius mueller 1776loe toko tookon gurinchi vivarinchaadu.
upajaatulu.
rendu upajaatulu gurtinchabaddaayih
vivarana.
toko tookan pradhanamgaa nalla shareeramtho, tella gonthu, chaatii mariyu paibhagam-kavarlu mariyu erupu undertail-kavarlatho spashtamaina viruddhamaina eekalu kaligi untundi. neelam kanureppaga kanipinchedi vaastavaaniki kanti chuttoo unna sannani neelam charmam. eee neelam charmam chuttoo maroka narinja rangu charmam untundi. ayithe, atyanta gurtinchadagina lakshanam daani bhaarii billu, idhi podavu nundi kolustundi, idhi pasupu-narinja rangulo untundi, daani diguva vibhagalu mariyu pulmenlalo lothaina erupu-narinja ranguloki moggu chooputundi mariyu nalupu punaadi mariyu konapai pedda macchatho untundi. idhi bhaareega kanipistundi, conny itara tookaanla maadirigaa idhi saapekshamgaa teelikagaa untundi endukante lopali bhaagam ekkuvagaa bolugaa untundi. naaluka daadaapu notlanta podavugaa mariyu chaalaa chadunainadigaa untundi. eee jaathi atipedda tookan mariyu pickiforms shreniki atipedda pratinidhi. eee jaatula mottam podavu. eee pakshulalo shareera baruvu bhinnamgaa untundi, magavi sagatuna chinna aada pakshulatho poliste, idhi sagatuna untundi. praamaanika kolatalalo, rekka theega, thoka mariyu tarsus. parimaana vyatyaasam kakunda, lingaala madhya bahya thedaalu laevu. baalintalu peddala kante mandamgaa mariyu takkuva kharchutho untaaru. daani swaram lothaina, mutaka kurratho untundi, tarachugaa prati konni sekanlaku punaraavrutamavutundi. dheeniki oka gandaragola coll kooda undhi mariyu idhi billu-clack chestundi.
billu.
eee billu daatatoe tayaaru cheyabadindi mariyu daani shareera uparitala vaisaalyamlo 30 nundi 50 saatam varaku andinche anni pakshula shareera parimaanaaniki sambandhinchi atipeddadi, ayithe maroka neotropical jaathi, katthi-billu humming burd, daani shareera podavuku sambandhinchi podavaina notunu kaligi untundi. dheenini buffon "ghoramaina rakshasudu" anubandham anie pilicheevaaru. vividha vidhulu suuchimchabaddaayi. charless darwin idhi oka laingika aabharanam anie suchinchaduhu "eee avayavalanu alankarinchina vaividhyamaina mariyu spashtamaina rangu charalanu pradarsinchadam kosam, tookanlu tama mukkula yokka apaaramaina parimaanaanni laingika empikaku runapadi undavacchu". marinni soochanalalo pandla tokkalo sahayam, itara pakshula goollanu dochukunetappudu vaarini bhayapettadam, bhuubhaaga rakshanaku sambandhinchina saamaajika empika mariyu drushya heccharika vantivi unnaayi.
ushna marpidi kosam uparitala vaisaalyamgaa oka pani untundani parisoedhanalu choopinchaayi. billu rakta pravahanni savarinche saamarthyaanni kaligi untundi, tadwara sareeramlo ushna pampineeni niyantristundi, billu thermal radiatorga upayoginchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. eee pani kosam upayoginche uparitala vaisaalyam paramgaa, pakshi parimaanaaniki sambandhinchina billu yea jantuvuloonainaa atipeddadi mariyu ramphotheca anie piluvabade keratinto chesina notupai sannani kommula kavachaniki maddatu ichhe uparitala rakta naalaala netvarknu kaligi untundi.
shareera vaedini tolaginche saamardhyamlo, billu enugu chevulatho polchadaginadi. vaedini prasarimpajese saamarthyam gaali vegampai aadharapadi untundih idhi takkuvagaa unte, vayojana pakshi yokka vishraanti ushna utpattilo 25 saatam matrame prasaristundi; ekkuvagaa unte, idhi eee ushna utpattiki naalugu retlu ekkuva prasaristundi. polchi choosthe, baathu billu mariyu enugu chevulu vishraanti ushna utpattilo kevalam 9 saatam matrame kaarutaayi. saadhaaranamgaa 30 nundi 60 saatam vaedi nashtaniki billu baadhyata vahistundi. toko tookanlu tama notlanu rekkala kinda unche paddhati notunu nirodhinchadaaniki mariyu nidralo vaedi nashtanni tagginchadaaniki upayogapadavachhu. rakta pravahanni billuku sardubaatu cheyadaaniki avasaramaina vasculature mariyu niyantrana yantraamgaala sanklishtatalu yuktavayassu varaku puurtigaa abhivruddhi chendakapovacchu" anie gamaninchabadindi."
pampinhee mariyu aavasalu.
uttara mariyu thoorpu bolivia, atyanta aagneya peru, uttara argentine, thoorpu mariyu madhya parague, mariyu thoorpu mariyu dakshina brazil (dakshina reo grande doow sull minaha, kaatinga vrukshasampada mariyu siera mariyu reo dii janeero madhya theera praantaalalo aadhipatyam kaligina podi praantaalu) loe toko tookon kanipistundi. diguva amazon nadhi (sumaruga madeera nadhi varaku paschimaana ilha dii marajo), roraimaaloni suduura uttara brazil, gayanas theera praantaalalo itara vibhajana janabha kanipistundi mariyu idhi iteevala vaayuvya urugvelo namodu cheyabadindi. idhi saapekshamgaa bahiranga pradaesaalaloo matrame amejaanloki chochukupotundi (udhaa.zii. nadula venta). idhi nivaasitulu, conny sthaanika kadalikalu jaragavacchu.
idhi, "rampastos" jaatiki chendina itara sabhyula maadirigaa kakunda, mukhyamgaa ataveeyetara jaathi. idhi chellacheduruga unna chetlu, serrado, thotalu, atavee anchu mariyu chetlatho kuudina thotalatho kuudina adavulu, savannah mariyu itara bahiranga aavasalu vanti vistruta shreni pakshika-bahiranga aavasalalo kooda kanipistundi. idhi pradhanamgaa lothattu praantaala jaathi, conny bolivialoni andis sameepamlo varaku kanipistundi. idhi panton loe sulabhamgaa kanipistundi.
pravartana mariyu paryaavaranam.
toko tookan chetla nundi pandlanu kovadaniki daani billunu upayoginchi pandlanu tintundi, conny keetakaalu, kappalu, chinna sareesrupaalu, chinna pakshulu mariyu vaati gudlu mariyu guuduguullanu kooda tintundi. podavaina billu lekapothe cherukoleni vishayalanu cherukovadaniki upayogapadutundi. idhi saadhaaranamgaa jatalalo ledhaa chinna samoohaalalo kanipistundi. vimaanamlo idhi saapekshamgaa chinna, gundrani rekkalatho vegavantamaina flapla paeludu mariyu gliding madhya maarutuu untundi. goodu kattadam anedi kalanugunamga untundi, conny praantaala vaareegaa samayam bhinnamgaa untundi. goodu saadhaaranamgaa oka chettulo ettulo unchabadutundi mariyu oka kuharanni kaligi untundi, indulo kaneesam kontha bhaganni maatru pakshulu tavvutaayi. idhi bhoomi-oddulu mariyu bhoogola chedapu goollalooni randhraalalo goodu kattinatlu kooda namodu cheyabadindi. vaati punarutpatti chakram vaarshikam. aada saadhaaranamgaa sambhogam jarigina konni rojula tarvaata rendu nundi naalugu gudlu pedutundi. gudlu rendu lingaala dwara podigevi mariyu 17-18 rojula tarvaata podugutaayi. eee pakshulu tamanu mariyu vaari kodipillalanu chaalaa rakshistaayi.
pakshula pempakam.
keel-billed tookan maadirigaane, toko tookan konnisaarlu cheralo unchabadutundi, conny adhika pandla aaharam kaligi untundi mariyu hemochromatosis (inumu nilva vyaadhi) kuu sunnitamgaa untundi. alaage, bacteria sankramana pramaadam kaaranamgaa pempudu jantuvula toko tookaanlanu eluka (ledhaa eluka) maamsam tinadaaniki anumatinchakudadu. jantupradarsanasaalalu mariyu aakveriyamla sabhya samsthala sangham kosam toko tookan yokka taggutunna bandee janabhanu tirigi pondadaaniki sahayapade janabha nirvahana pranaalika konasagutondi. 2001 nundi jarugutunna rendava nirvahana pranaalika idhi.
sthithi.
idhi bahiranga aavasalanu ishtapadutundi kabatti, toko tookan ushnamandala dakshina americalo vistrutamgaa atavee nirmuulana nundi prayojanam pondhe avakaasam undhi. idhi pedda paridhini kaligi undhi mariyu daani paridhi yokka bayati praantaalalo tappa, idhi saadhaaranamgaa chaalaa saadhaaranam. anduvalla antarjaateeya pakshi jeevitam dheenini athi takkuva aandolana kaliginchedigaa pariganistundi.