
thala/thoka virigipotundi

head/tail breaks anedi power laa mariyu lagnormal distributions vanti heavy-tail distribution unna dayta kosam clustering algorithm. bhaarii thokala pampineeni pedda vaati kante chaalaa chinna vastuvula scaling namuunaanu suuchimchavachchu, ledhaa pratyamnaayamgaa aneka chinnavi, chaalaa takkuva peddavi, mariyu konni chinnavi mariyu pedda vaati madhya untaayi. ganitam sagatu ledhaa sagatu chuttoo unna vastuvulanu peddavigaa (ledhaa thala anie pilustaaru) mariyu chinnaviga (ledhaa thoka anie pilustaaru) vibhajinchadam dwara vargeekarana jarugutundi, aapai pedda vastuvula kosam ledhaa thala kosam vibhajana prakriya kosam punaraavrutamgaa jarugutundi, pedda vaati kante chaalaa chinna vishayalu anae bhavana ikapai chellubaatu kaadu, ledhaa ekkuva ledhaa takkuva saaruupya vishayalu matrame migili untaayi. thala/thoka viramalu kevalam vargeekarana kosam matrame kaadu, talanu unchadam dwara pedda daetaanu drushyamaanam cheyadaaniki kooda, endukante thala mottam vaatitho samanamga untundi. thala/thoka viramalanu paayintlu, panktulu mariyu bahubhujalu vanti vector daetaaku matrame kakunda, digital elevation modal (dem) vanti raster daetaaku kooda vartinchavachhu.
prerana.
thala/thoka viramalu samaana viramalu, parimaanaalu, rekhaganita purogatulu, praamaanika vichalanam mariyu sahaja viramalu vanti saampradaaya vargeekarana paddhatula asamarthatha dwara prerepinchabadataayi-saadhaaranamgaa jenks natural breaks optimisation ledhaa keey-antey clustering anie pilustaaru, idhi antarleena scaling ledhaa antargata sopanakramam (ledhaa vaividhyata) thoo jeevinche nirmaanaanni bahirgatam cheyadaaniki pedda vaati kante chaalaa chinna vishayaala yokka punaraavruta bhaavanatho vargeekarinchabadutundi. pedda vaati kante chaalaa chinna vastuvula bhavana rekhaganita lakshanaanni matrame kakunda, sthalaakruthi mariyu ardha lakshanaalanu kooda suuchistumdani gamaninchandi. eee vishayamlo, eee bhavananu prajaadarana pondina (ledhaa baga anusandhaaninchabadina) vishayaala kante chaalaa janaadarana laeni (ledhaa takkuva anusandhaaninchabadina) vishayalugaa ledhaa ardhavantamaina vaati kante chaalaa ekkuva ardharahita vishayalugaa ardham chesukovali. thala/thoka viramalu sagatu viluvala dwara taragatulanu vargeekarinchadaaniki badulugaa, datasetnu chinna mariyu pedda viluvalugaa dvigunaparachadaaniki sagatu ledhaa sagatunu upayogistaayi, idhi keey-antey clustering ledhaa sahaja viraamaalaku bhinnamgaa untundi. thala/thoka vichchinnam dwara, datasetnu pedda vaati kante chaalaa chinnavi ledhaa thala thala talagaa punaraavrutamgaa bhaavinche sahaja sopaanakramamtho kuudina sajeeva nirmaanamgaa chuustaaru. idhi vividha rakaala pramaanaalanu mariyu praadaesika vislaeshanhaloo scalingnu parigananaloki teesukuntu samagra mariyu sendriya konam nundi daetaanu vislaeshimchadaaniki kotta maargaalanu terustundi.
paddhati.
bhaarii thoka pampineeni pradarsinche konni chararashi x ichinatlayithe, pedda vaati kante chaalaa chinna x untaayi. anni xi yokka sagatunu teesukoni, modati sagatu m1nii pondandi. aapai m1 kante ekkuva unna xiకి rendava sagatunu lekkinchi, m2nii pondandi. adhe punaraavruta maargamlo, pedda vaati kante chaalaa chinna x yokka mugimpu sharatu neraverutundaa anae daanipai aadharapadi manam m3nii pondavacchu. saralata kosam, m1, m2 mariyu m3 anae moodu margalu unnayani memu bhaavistaamu. eee vargeekarana naalugu taragatulaku daariteestundihi [kaneesa, m1], (m1, m2], (m2, m3], (m3, garishta]. saadhaaranamgaa, dheenini eee krindi vidhamgaa punaraavruta functionga suuchimchavachchuh
 punaraavruta function thala/thoka vichchinnaaluh
 input dayta viluvalanu atipedda nundi chinnadigaa rank cheyandi;
 dayta yokka sagatu viluvanu lekkinchandi
 dayta (sagatu chuttoo) nuu thala mariyu thokaloki vichchinnam cheyandi; 
 //dayta viluvala sheershika sagatu kante ekkuvagaa untundi
 //dayta viluvala kosam thoka sagatu kante takkuva
 okavela (podavu (thala)/podavu (dayta) <= 40 saatam):
 thala/thoka virigipotundi (thala);
 mugimpu function
phalitamgaa vachhe taragatula sankhyanu hetch tii-index anie pilustaaru, idhi fractals ledhaa bhougolika lakshanaala sanklishtatanu vargeekarinchadaaniki fractal dimensionku pratyaamnaaya suuchikah hetch tii-index entha ekkuvagaa unte, fractals antha klishtamgaa untaayi.
parimiti ledhaa daani sunnitatvam.
thala/thoka vichchinnam paddhatini upayoginchi punaraavruta vargeekarana prakriyanu aapadaniki pramaanam emitante migilina dayta (i.ii.thala bhaagam) baruvu thokatho undadu, ledhaa kevalam, thala bhaagam ika minority kaadu (i.ii.thala bhaagam yokka nishpatti 40 saatam vanti parimiti kante takkuva kaadu). eee parimiti 40 saatamgaa undaalani jiang mariyu itarulu suuchimchaaru. (2013), paie sankethaalu valene (i.ii., (podavu/thala)/podavu (dayta) ≤40%). eee prakriyanu thala/thoka viramalu anie pilustaaru. conny konnisaarlu pedda parimitini, udaaharanaku 50 saatam ledhaa anthakante ekkuva, upayoginchavacchu, jiang mariyu yinn (2014) maroka vyaasamlo perkonnatlugaah "eee paristhitini 50 saatam ledhaa anthakante ekkuva vanti aneka bhougolika lakshanaalaku sadalinchavachhu". ayithe, anni talala saatam sagatuna 40 saatam (ledhaa 41,42 saatam) kante takkuvagaa undaali, idhi pedda vaati kante chaalaa chinna vishayalanu suuchistumdi. aneka vaastava prapancha daetaanu khachitamaina podavaina thoka pampinheeki saripolemu, anduvalla daani parimitini nirmanatmakamga sadalinchavachhu. thala/thoka vichchinnam 2 loe parimiti mottam talala saataaniki matrame vartistundi. antey thokalaku sambandhinchina anni talala saataalu sagatuna 40 saatam undaali. idhi mottam sagatuna unnanta varaku, vyaktigata taragatulu sagatu chuttoo yea saatam ummi vesina kaligi undavacchu. udaaharanaku, modati mariyu rendava punaraavrutam (podavu (thala)/(podavu (dayta) <20 saatam) samayamlo spashtamgaa nirvachinchabadina thala mariyu thokanu kaligi unna vidhamgaa dayta pampinhee cheyabadi, conny moodava punaraavrutam (thalalo 60 saatam) kosam chaalaa takkuvagaa nirvachinchabadina podavaina thoka pampinhee unte, thala/thoka viramalu 2 punaraavrutam naalugo punaraavrutam varaku konasaagadaaniki anumatistundi, idhi 30 saatam thala-70 saatam thokanu mallee pampinhee cheyavachu. mottam parimitini adhigaminchananta varaku thala/thoka viraamaala vargeekarana untundi.
rank-saiju plaat mariyu arye index.
scaling namuunaanu ledhaa bhaarii thoka pampineeni pradarsinchadaaniki manchi sadhanam rank-saiz plaat, idhi vaati ryaankula prakaram viluvala samitini pradarsinchadaaniki scotter plaat. eee saadhanamtho, scaling namuunaanu vargeekarinchadaaniki rank-saiz plaatlo praantaala nishpatti (arye) anie piluvabade kotta suuchika nirvachinchabadindi. traaphik paristhitula anchanaalo arye suuchika vijayavantamgaa upayoginchabadindi. ayithe, arye suuchikanu hechti-suuchikaku paripuurakaramaina paddhatigaa matrame upayoginchavacchu, endukante bhougolika lakshanaala scaling nirmaanaanni sangrahinchadam asamarthamainadi.
thala/thoka viraamaala aadhaaramgaa itara suuchikalu.
hetch tii-indexto paatu, eee krindi suuchikalu kooda thala/thoka viraamaalato utpannamavutaayi.
applications.
daadaapu okela unde vatiki badulugaa, mana chuttoo unna pedda vaati kante chaalaa chinna vishayalu unnaayi. scaling namuunaa yokka sarvavyaaptatanu batti, ganaanka mapping, mapp saadhaaraneekarana, abhignaa mapping mariyu andam yokka avagahanaku kooda thala/thoka viramalu upayogapadataayi.
. pedda dayta pedda vaati kante chaalaa chinna vastuvula scaling lakshanaanni choopinche avakaasam unnanduna idhi pedda daetaanu drushyamaanam cheyadaaniki sahaayapadutundi. mukhyamgaa bhougolika drugvishayam scalaful ledhaa scale-free kaavacchu. scalaful drugvishayaanni sampradaaya ganita ledhaa bhougolika karyakalapala dwara vivarinchavacchu, conny scale-free drugvishayaalu cheyalevu. thala/thoka viramalanu adhika sankhyalo unde sthaayi-rahita drugvishayaanni vargeekarinchadaaniki upayoginchavacchu. thala bhagalu spashtamgaa ledhaa taginantagaa kanipinche varaku thoka bhaagaalanu punaraavrutamgaa vadiliveyadam visualization vyuuham. adanamgaa, veedhi netvarklu, soshal media geolocalisation dayta mariyu raatri samaya chitraalu vanti vividha bhougolika samacharam nundi marinta khachitamainadigaa undataaniki nagaralu ledhaa sahaja nagaralanu vivarinchadaaniki idhi sahaayapadutundi.
asamatulyatanu vargeekarinchadam.
dayta sett yokka head bhaagaalanu pondadaaniki head/tail breaks paddhatini punaraavrutamgaa upayoginchavacchu kabatti, eee paddhati vaastavaaniki dayta sett yokka antarleena sopaanakramaanni sangrahistundi. udaaharanaku, manamu shrenini (19,8,7,6,2,1,1,0) thala/thoka viraamaala paddhatitoe vibhajiste, manamu rendu thala bhaagaalanu pondavacchu, antey.ii.modati thala bhaagam (19,8,7,6) mariyu rendava thala bhaagam (19). eee rendu pradhana bhagalu alaage asalu shreni moodu-sthaayi sopaanakramaanni yerparustaayih
paina perkonna sopanakramam yokka sthaayila sankhya vaastavaaniki udaaharana shreni yokka asamatulyata yokka lakshanam, mariyu eee sthaayila sankhyanu ht-suuchika anie pilustaaru. hetch tii-index thoo, manam rendu dayta setla asamatulyata sthaayilanu polchagalugutamu. udaaharanaku, udaaharana shreni (19,8,7,6,2,1,1,1,0) yokka ht-suuchika 3, mariyu maroka shreni (19,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8) yokka ht-suuchika 2. anduvalla, munupati shreni yokka asamatulyata sthaayi taruvaati shreni kante ekkuvagaa untundi.
sahaja nagaralanu varninchadam.
sahaja nagaralu' anae padam bhoomi yokka uparitalampai saadhaaranamgaa maanava sthaavaraalu ledhaa maanava karyakalapalanu suuchistumdi, ivi sahajamgaa ledhaa nishpaakshikamgaa nirvachinchabaddaayi mariyu thala/thoka vibhajana niyamam aadhaaramgaa bhaarii bhougolika samacharam nundi varninchabaddaayi, idhi thala/thoka virigipoye punaraavruta roopam kaadu. atuvanti bhougolika samacharam bhaarii veedhi koodallu mariyu veedhi chivarala, bhaarii sankhyalo veedhi blaakulu, raatri samayamlo chitraalu mariyu soshal media viniyogadaarula sthaanaalu modalaina vividha vanarula nundi undavacchu. veeti aadhaaramgaa nagarallo kanugonabadina vividha pattana roopaalu mariyu aakruteekaranalanu pondavacchu. sampradaaya nagaraala nundi vilakshanhamaina 'sahaja' anae visaeshanhaanni sahaja nagaraala muulaala dwara matrame kakunda, vaatini pondadaaniki gala vidhanam dwara kooda vivarinchavacchu. bhougolika samacharam nundi sekarinchina bhaarii sankhyalo unitla nundi sagatuna ardhavantamaina cutoff nundi sahaja nagaralu udbhavinchaayi. aaa unitlu vividha rakaala bhougolika samacharam prakaram maarutuu untaayi, udaaharanaku unitlu veedhi blaakulaku praanta unitlu mariyu raatri samaya chitraalaku pixel viluvalu kaavacchu. archgis modal buildernu upayoginchi sahaja nagaraala namuunaa roopondinchabadindi, idhi sthaana-aadhaarita soshal media nundi sahaja nagaralanu pondhe adhe prakriyanu anusaristundi, avi, point lakshanaala (eee sandarbhamlo veedhi nodlu) aadhaaramgaa bhaarii tribhujaakaara kramarahita network (tinn) nuu nirminchadam mariyu sahaja nagaraala kante sagatu viluva kante chinna tribhujaalaku sambandhinchi. eee sahaja nagaralanu open streat mapp vanti itara open access samacharam nundi kooda srushtinchavachu mariyu paripalana sarihaddula pratyaamnaaya varnanagaa upayoginchavacchu. scaling chattanni kooda adhe samayamlo sarigga gurtinchavacchu mariyu sahaja nagaraala varnana dwara dheenini gowravinchadaaniki paripalana sarihaddulanu srushtinchavachu. eee rakamaina paddati pattana bhougolika saastravettalu mariyu pranaalikadaarulu vaaru panichese praantaala yokka samarthavanthamaina pattana praadaesika paridhini sarigga gurtinchadam dwara sahaayapadutundi.
sahaja nagaralu yea sthaayilo varninchabaddaayi anae daanipai aadharapadi sahaja nagaralu maaravacchu, anduke avi mottam prapancham nundi vacchina dayta aadhaaramgaa undaali. gananaparamgaa asadhyam ayinanduna, oka desham ledhaa county sthaayi pratyamnaayamgaa suuchimchabadutumdi. sahaja nagaraala sthaayi-rahita swabhaavam mariyu vaati aadhaaramgaa unna dayta kaaranamgaa, tadupari kolatala kosam sahaja nagaraala paddhatini upayoginche avakaasaalu kooda unnaayi. sahaja nagaraala yokka pradhana prayojanaallo okati, idhi paie nundi krindiki badulugaa diguva nundi diguvaku teesukobadindi. antey sarihaddulu paripalana prabhutvam ledhaa paripalana dwara nirnayinchabadatam kante bhouthikamaina vaati dayta dwara nirnayinchabadataayi. udaaharanaku, oka sahaja nagaram yokka sahaja nagaralanu punaraavrutamgaa lekkinchadam dwara sahaja nagaram lopala dattamaina praantaalanu gurtistaaru. udaaharanaku veetini nagara kendraalugaa chudavachu. sahaja nagaraala paddhatini eee vidhamgaa upayoginchadam dwara sahaja nagaralu yea sthaayi nundi utpatti cheyabaddaayi anae daanipai aadharapadi marinta sarihaddu varnana cheyavachu. chinna praantiiya praantaala nundi udbhavinchina sahaja nagaralu konni vislaeshanhalaloo takkuva khachitamaina conny ippatikee upayogapade phalitaalanu andistaayi, udaaharanaku kalakramena pattana vistarananu nirnayinchadam. ayithe mundu cheppinatlugaa, anukuulamaina sahaja nagaralu mottam deshaaniki ledhaa prapanchaaniki kooda veedhi koodalla vanti bhaarii mottampai aadharapadi undaali. endukante sahaja nagaralu janasamuuha aalochanala ghnaanampai aadharapadi untaayi, dheeniki uttama phalitaala kosam andubaatulo unna atipedda dayta avasaram. sahaja nagaraala nirmaanaanni fractal swabhaavam galadigaa pariganinchavacchani kooda gamaninchandi.
sahaja nagaralanu roopondinchadaaniki thala/thoka viramalanu upayogistunnappudu, aaa tarvaata dayta samagraparachabadakapovadam mukhyam. udaaharanaku, sahaja nagaralu entha utpatti avtayo avi utpatti ayina tarwate telusukovacchu. oka praantam ledhaa deshaaniki mundugaa nirvachinchina nagaraala sankhyanu upayoginchadam mariyu sahaja nagaraala phalitaalanu paripalanaparamga nirnayinchabadina nagara sarihaddulaku sameekarinchadam saadhyam kaadu. sahajamgaa sahaja nagaralu jipf chattanni anusarinchaali, vaaru alaa cheyakapothe, praantam chaalaa chinnadi kaavacchu ledhaa dayta bahusha tappugaa proses cheyabadi undavacchu. dheeniki oka udaaharana sahaja nagaralanu velikiteese thala/thoka viramalanu upayoginchina oka parisoedhanaloo kanipistundi, conny avi paripalana sarihaddulaku ekikrutam cheyabaddaayi, aaa taruvaata nagaralu jipf chattanni anusarinchavani nirdharinchaayi. idhi vignaana saastramlo chaalaa tarachugaa jarugutundi, ikkada peparlu vaastavaaniki tappudu phalitaalanu istayi.
rangu rendering dem.
dem ledhaa saandrata patam kosam prastuta rangu anuvaadaalu tappanisarigaa sahaja viramalu ledhaa samaana viramalu vanti sampradaaya vargeekaranalapai aadharapadi untaayi, kabatti avi adhika ettulu ledhaa adhika saandratalanu asamanamga atisayokti chestaayi. nijaaniki, chaalaa ettaina pradaesaalu ledhaa adhika saandrata gala pradaesaalu laevu. itara vargeekaranala kante rangu aadhaarita thala/thoka viramalu marinta anukuulamgaa untaayani kanugonabadindi.
marinni applications.
thala/thoka virigipovadam yokka itara anuvartanaaluh
software amalu.
eee krindi amalu uchita/open soars software licensula krinda andubaatulo unnaayi.