
gideon balam

gideon dalam oka chinna british mariyu african pratyeka dalam, idhi sudan rakshana dalam, ethiopian regular dalaalu mariyu (deshabhaktula kosam) thoo kuudinadi. rendava prapancha yuddham yokka thoorpu african dandayaatra samayamlo, gideon sainyam ethiopialo italian aakramanato poraadaaru. dalaaniki nayakudu mariyu srushtikarta majer (taruvaata kalnal) orde wingate. daani sikharagra samayamlo, gideon dalamlo yaabhai mandhi adhikarulu, iravai mandhi british enn. sii. oo. luu, 800 mandhi sikshana pondina sudanese dalaalu mariyu 800 mandhi pakshika sikshana pondina ethiopian regularlu, konni mortarlu, conny firangulu laevu mariyu antaraaya bambu daadula tappa vaimanika maddatu ledhu.
sudeerghamaina, balaheenamaina sarafara line mugimpulo eee dalam kashtataramaina desamlo panichesindi, daanipai bhaaram mostunna jantuvulugaa upayoginchina daadaapu annintinee naasanam chesindi. gideon dalam mariyu italian dalaalanu general guglielmo naasi (british somaliland vijaeta) netrutvamlo ethiopialo bahishkarinchaaru. eee dandayaatraku aaru vaaralu pattindi; mariyu dalaalu pannendu tupaakulu, aneka meshin ganlu, raifils, chaalaa mandugundu samagri mariyu jantuvulato paatu swaadheenam chesukobaddayi. 1941 juun 1naa gideon dalam raddu cheyabadindi, winget eee gananeeyamaina majer hodaanu tirigi praarambhinchi eejiptuku tirigi vachindi, alaage gideon dalamlooni aneka dalaalu, enimidava sainyamlo suduura edaari samuuham (lrdg) loe cheraayi.
nepathyam.
italian thoorpu africa.
modati itaalo-abyssinian yuddham (1895-1896) samayamlo, raayal italian sainyam () adova yuddhamlo ethiopia chakravarthy rendava menelic dalaala chetilo odipoyindi. aktobaru 1935loe jarigina rendava itaalo-abyssinian yuddham samayamlo, italianlu italian somaliland mariyu eritria nundi ethiopiapai daadi chesaaru. 1936 mae 9naa, italian niyanta benito mussolini, kottagaa swaadheenam chesukunna ethiopia mariyu italian eritria mariyu italian somaliland kaalaneela nundi erpadina italian thoorpu africa (, ayoi) nuu prakatinchaadu. 1940 juun 10naa, mussolini britton mariyu franslapy yuddham prakatinchi, erra samudram mariyu suez kaaluva venta british sarafara maargaaniki ayoy muppuga maarindi. yuddha samayamlo eejipt rajyam tatasthamgaa undipoyindi, ayithe 1936 naati aanglo-eejiptu oppandam british vaaru suez kaaluvanu rakshinchadaaniki eejiptunu aakraminchadaaniki anumatinchindi. eejiptu suudaannu aanglo-eejiptu sudan anie piluvabade oka nivasamga cherchindi. eejipt, suez kaaluva, french somaliland mariyu british somaliland italian dandayaatraku gurayye avakaasam undhi, ayithe mussolini sudan mariyu british thoorpu africa (kenya, tanganyika mariyu uganda) loe prachara vijayala kosam eduruchusadu. (italian general sibbandi) 1942 taruvaata yuddhaaniki pranaalika vaesaaru mariyu 1940 vesavilo sudeergha yuddhaaniki ledhaa aafrikaaloni pedda praantaalanu aakraminchadaaniki siddhamgaa laeru.
middle eest command.
1882 nundi british dalaalu egyptulo unnaayi, conny 1936 oppandam nibandhanala prakaram ivi chaalaa tagginchabaddaayi. oka chinna british mariyu commonwealth dalam suez kaaluva mariyu erra samudra marganni rakshinchindi, idhi daani hinduu mahasamudram mariyu suduura thoorpu bhuubhaagaalatoe british communicationlaku keelakam. 1939 madhyakaalamlo, leftinent-general archibald wawell madhyadhara mariyu madhyapraachyamlo kotta middle eest command yokka general officer commanding-inn-cheef (jiosi-inn-sii) gaa niyaminchabaddaadu. 1940 juun 22naa franco-axis yuddha viramana varaku, tunitialoni french vibhagalu paschima libia sarihaddulo italian 5va sainyanni edurkonnaayi. libialo, italian sainyam sumaruga mariyu egyptulo, british vaaru paalastiinaaloo maroka sikshananu pondaaru. libia, iraq, siriya, iraan mariyu thoorpu africa kosam wawell thana vadda unnadu, dheeni sarihaddulaku sagatuna enimidi mandhi purushulu kapala kaastunnaaru.
1940 augustulo thana karyakalapala vibhagam "italian thoorpu africaku vyatiraekamgaa karyakalapala" loe sifaarsu chesina aalasya charyalanu nirvahinchaalani wawell nirnayinchukunnadu. italianlu tama vanarulanu vrudhaa chesela cheyadaaniki pratichota ottidi konasaginchalsi undhi, sudan loe parimita daadi kasalalo jaragalsi undhi mariyu janavari ledhaa fibravari 1941 natiki kisimayupai mundastu charya jaragalsi undhi. videsanga karyadarshi anthony eden 1940 aktobaru chivarilo khartoomlo ethiopian chakravarthy haile selassi mariyu itarulatoe oka samavesanni erpaatu chesaaru. sthaanika pourulalo, mukhyamgaa augustu 12naa mission 101 sarihaddu daatina ethiopialo asaantini prothsahinchadaaniki prayatnaalu jarugutaayi, mariyu samavesamlo ethiopian kramarahita dalaalanu chaerchadaaniki angeekarinchaaru. 1940 navambarulo, bletchley paarkulooni prabhutva code mariyu saifar school (zii. sii & sii. ess) thoorpu aafrikaaloni hye grade saifarnu vichchinnam chesinappudu british mariyu commonwealth dalaalu nigha prayojanaanni pondaayi. aaa nela taruvaata, italian vaimanika dalam () kuu pratyaamnaaya saifarnu combined beuro, middle eest (cbme) vichchinnam chesindi.
mission 101.
1939 augustulo, paschima ethiopian provins ayina gojjamlo tirugubaatunu prothsahinchadaaniki rahasyamgaa oka pranaalikanu waywell aadesinchaadu, italianlu ennadoo anachiveyalekapoyaru. septembarulo, kalnal daniel sandford eee prajectunu nadapadaniki vacchaadu, conny italian yuddham prakatinche varaku, odaarpu vidhanam kutranu nilipivesindi. mission 101 (nem. 101 fuse) anedi british, sudanese mariyu ethiopian sainikulatoe kuudina oka shakti, idhi ethiopian pratighatana karyakalapalanu samanvayam cheyadaaniki erpadindi. juun 1940loe, selasi eejiptuku cherukunnadu mariyu joolailo, plaatku reservationlu unnappatikee, plaattho samavesamai, ethiopianu tirigi swaadheenam chesukune pranaalikalanu charchinchadaaniki sudan vellaadu.
joolailo, british vaaru selasini chakravartigaa gurtinchaaru mariyu augustulo, mission 101 tirigi connect avvadaniki gojjam praavinsloki pravesinchindi. taanaa sarassuku uttaraana unna praantaaniki varshaalu mugiselopu sarafara maargaalanu erpaatu cheyaalani, tirugubaatuku utprerakamgaa selasi octoberlo tirigi raavaalani sandford abhyardhinchaadu. gojjam meeda niyantrana saadhinchadaaniki italian rakshana dalaalu taanaa sarassuku dakshinaana bahardar georgies nundi dangila, debre marcos mariyu addis ababa varaku pradhana rahadari venta verucheyabadaali, tadwara avi gojjam kuu vyatiraekamgaa drushti kendrikarinchakunda nirodhinchavacchu. octoberulo italian balagalu vacchi, sthaanika saktivantamaina deshaala madhya vibhedaalu sandford dautyam dwara rajipadinatle, marinta tarachugaa gastee chesaayi.
1940 maeloe sthaapinchabadina sudan rakshana dalam yokka sarihaddu betalianlo khartoomlo 2va ethiopian mariyu 4va eritrian betalianlu cheraayi, kenyaalooni valasa volunteerla nundi penchabaddaayi. nayakatva kaaryakartalanu andinchadaaniki oka adhikari, aidu enn. sii. oo. luu mariyu aneka ethiopian dalaala kaaryaacharana kendraalu erpaatu cheyabaddaayi mariyu gerilla yuddhamlo sikshana pondaayi; kaaryakalaapaalaku aardhika sahayam cheyadaaniki £1 millionlanu ketaayinchaaru. ess. dii. eff. pradhana karyalayamlo chaeradaaniki oka sahayakudito majer orde vingetnu khartoomku pampaaru. november 20naa, sandafordnu kalavadaniki vingetnu sakhalaku eguravesaaru, mariyu raaf dangilapai bambu daadi cheyagaligindi, prachara karapatraalanu mariyu mission 101 sarafara cheyagaligindi, idhi rendava itaalo-abyssinian yuddham nundi italian vaimanika shakti nundi chaalaa badhapadina ethiopian manosthairyaanni penchindi. mission 101 taanaa sarassuku uttaraana metemma-gondar rahadaaripai aneka aakasmika daadulanu jarapadaniki oppinchagaligindi mariyu fibravari 1941loe volkite vadda unna italian rakshana dalam upasamharinchabadindi.
mundumaata.
british pranaalikalu, gideon fores.
plaat gojjamlo oka balamaina sthaavaraanni swaadheenam chesukuni, selasini erpaatu chesi, aapai tirugubaatunu vistarinchaalani yochinchadu. sarihaddu betalian, praavinsloki pravesinche kaaryaacharana kendraalaku adhunaatana sthaavaramgaa sarihaddu meedugaa belayanu swaadheenam chesukovalasi undhi. sandford belaayaaku niyamakalanu pampi, ravana kosam sudan nundi ontelanu jodinchadaaniki sekarinchalsi undhi mariyu selasi veelainanta twaragaa belaayaaku vellalsi undhi. italianlu raas hailooni, ataniki goppa gowravam unna gojjamku tirigi ivvadam dwara prateekaaram tiirchukunnaaru, tadwara athanu balaheenapaddadu. 1941 janavari natiki, sarihaddu betalian belayaku rendu maargaalanu tayaaru chesi, dukaanaalanu pampinhee chesindi, kaani ontelu saripovanivigaa niroopinchabadithe escorpment ekkadaaniki avasaramainaviga bhaavinchina gaadidalanu andinchadamlo sandford viphalamaindi. rendu kaaryaacharana kendraalu matrame siddhamgaa unnaayi mariyu ethiopian prabhuvulu niyamakalanu andinchadaaniki ishtapadaledu. janavari 21naa, kassala nundi italian padavee viramana chesina ventane, selasi ethiopialo pravesinchi belayaku cherukunnadu. selasi, waywell, plaat mariyu conninghamla madhya anusandhanamgaa panicheyadaaniki sandford padoonnati pondaadu, wingate mission 101nii swaadheenam chesukundi mariyu fibravarilo, frontier betalian sdf, 2va ethiopian betalian mariyu sankhya 1 mariyu 2 kaaryaacharana kendraalanu gideon forsga paeru marcharu. okkokkati valasarajyala dalaala rakshana dalaalanu kaligi unna dangila mariyu beurelanu swaadheenam chesukovalani, selaaseeki sthaavaraanni andinchadaaniki bahardar georgies rahadaaripai niyantrana saadhinchaalani vingetnu aadesinchaaru. vaaru gondar mariyu addis ababa nundi pradhana rahadaarulapai daadi chesi, saadhyamainanta ekkuva mandhi italian dalaalanu addis ababanu rakshinchadaaniki tirigi unchaali.
poraatam.
gojjam provins.
balkanlu mariyu uttara aafrikaalo italian otamula taruvaata, sudan nundi panichestunna british mariyu ethiopian dalaalu mariyu ethiopian janabha nundi perugutunna satrutvam, paschima gojjam nundi bahdar georgies mariyu debre marcoscu italianlu padavee viramana gurinchi atisayokti nivedikalu asannamayyayi. oka tirogamanam gideon dalaaniki avasaramaina rahadaarini khaalii chestundi mariyu fibravari 19naa, onte railla dwara vellagalige maargam dwara aaa dalam matakal cherukundi. selasi mariyu gideon dalaalu sameekarinchi, loud speakerlu upayoginchi chakravarthy unikini prakatinchi, sthaanika pramukhulanu mariyu italian askareeni edaari vellelaa prerepinchaayi. dangila dalam bahardar georgies vaipu tirogaminchindi, rakshakulu grahinchina muppunu penchadaaniki gerilla vyuuhaalanu upayoginchi rahadaarilo migilina dalamlanu tolaginchaalani wingate aadesinchindi.
fibravari 27 nundi marchi 3 varaku, gideon sainyam beureloni kotalanu vedhinchindi, pracharakulu megaphonela dwara matladutundaga, aneka vidichipettina vaarini prerepinche badulu, gananeeyamaina shakti italianlapai daadi chestondane nammakanni pempondinchaaru. marchi 4naa, debre marcos kuu velle rahadari bedirimpulaku guravutundane bhayamtho natale debre marcos rooddupai dembacha vaipu tirogaminchaadu. sarihaddu betalian anusarinchina italianlu dembachaku paschimaana 2va ethiopian betalianloki parigettaaru mariyu drudamaina rakshana tarvaata odipoyaaru, sumaru naalugu tupaakulu mariyu vahanalu mariyu saamaagrini kolpoyaru. 2va ethiopian betalian kolpoyindi mariyu aneka jantuvulanu pyaak chesi, daanini oka company parimaanaaniki tagginchindi. gojjam rahadari yokka paschima chivara vidudala cheyabadindi mariyu marchi 14naa selasi beureloki pravesinchindi. atyanta paschima italian sthaanaalu ippudu debre marcos kotala vadda unnaayi, ivi sarihaddu betaliantho muttadi chesi, migilina gideon dalaanni neelam nail vaipu kadilinchaayi.
gideon shakti parimaanam atisayokti cheyabadindani naasi grahinchinappudu, aneka vaela mandhi anucharulatho raas hailu, debre marcos vadda italianlatho cheraadu. marcos vadda kalnal nataalenu tolaginchi, athani sthaanamlo kalnal maraventano niyaminchaaru. beure tirigi aakraminchabadutundani naasi prakatinchaaru; emmanuel kotanu tirigi swaadheenam chesukuni bahardar georgies vadda dalampai daadi chesaaru. wingate thana communicationla dwara beure vaipu viraminchukovacchu ledhaa chaalaa unnatamaina italian dalaaniki vyatiraekamgaa dhairyamgaa daadi cheyavachu mariyu daadini enchukovachhu. jagrattagaa siddham ayina taruvaata raatri samayamlo gerilla daadulu jarigaayi, dheeniki sudanese dalaala nundi goppa naipunhyam, kramasikshana mariyu daurjanyam avasaram. ardharaatri, sumaru yaabhai mandhi vyaktulatoe kuudina paarteelu oka postloki pravesinchi grenadelu mariyu bionetlatho daadi chesaayi. april arambham natiki, rakshakulu tirigi debre marcos yokka antargata rakshana valayaniki balavantamgaa pampabaddaaru. iosta upasamharanaku aadesinchi, april 4naa (sahaa), suffertuck, aapai deseeki trekk praarambhinchindi. kalnal adriano torrelli bahardar georgies paie daadi, aidu padaatidala betalianlatho kuudina pyaak phirangulatho kooda viphalamaindi. dakshinam nundi addis ababanu swaadheenam chesukunna adhe roeju april 6naa selasi debre marcosloki pravesinchindi. eritria, italian somaliland mariyu dakshina ethiopialo british vijayalu vyuuhaatmaka drukpathaanni marchai. british vidhanam selasini tirigi vyavasthaapinchadam mariyu migilina italian rakshana dalaala taggimpuloo paalgonadaaniki ethiopian sainika saamarthyaanni sameekarinchadam vanti vaatilo okatigaa maarindi.
blue nail meedugaa debre marcos nundi tirogamana marganni nirodhinchadaaniki liz baelae jeleck kosam winget erpaatu chesindi, bimbashi wilfred thesigar mariyu kepten phole sahayamtho, ethiopian betalian yokka oka platoon thoo. jaleka spashtamgaa raas hailootho aasakti kaligi, nishkriyamgaa undipoyindi mariyu italianlu neelam nailnu daati, audice daeraa vaipu vellaaru. sarafara mariyu mandugundu samagri aipoinappatiki, sarihaddu betalianku chendina moodu plaatoonlu mariyu ethiopian betalianku chendina oka platoon vembadinchindi. april chivarilo, rendu kaaryaacharana kendraalu vaarini prothsahinchadaaniki vachayi mariyu majer dii. aadesam teesukunnaru. hetch. mission 101 kii chendinadi kaadu. sthaanika janabha paalgonadaaniki vimukhamgaa unnaaru, conny mosapurita mariyu mosapurita paddhathulatho, vembadinchevaaru italianlanu addis daeraa mundu escorpmentnu adhirohinchinappudu astavyastamgaa unchaaru.
oka italian edurudaadini tippikottaaru mariyu pratidaadi poura janabhanu sahayam cheyadaaniki mariyu aaharaanni daanam cheyadaaniki prerepinchindi. mae 15naa, adis ababa nundi wingate vachindi, aaa raatri italianlu agibar mariyu debra tabor-gonder rahadari vaipu tirogaminchaaru. atanni pilipinchina aadesaalanu wingate gamaninchaledu mariyu italianlanu narikiveyadaaniki balagamlo kontha bhaganni pampindi, endukante vacchina maroe 300 mandhi (deshabhaktula kosam amharik) thoo pradhana dalam vembadinchadam konasaaginchindi. mae 19naa, wingate longipovalani maraventanoku pilupunicchindi, athanu niraakarinchaadu conny wireless dwara hetch. kyuu. thoo sampradinchadaaniki mundukochaadu. italianlu maroka edurudaadiki prayatninchaaru mariyu athani dalaalu vellipotayani mariyu migili untaayani wingate perkondi. aaa kutra panichesindi mariyu maraventano dalaalatoe longipoyadu.
amba alagi, gondar, dessy (nairuti disalo jimma) vadda italianlu ekam kakunda aapadaniki vistruta praantamlooni rahadaarulanu kattirinchaalani gideon dalaaniki kotta aadesaalu vachayi. debra tabor dwara pradhana rahadaarini kattirinchadaaniki taanaa sarassuku thoorpuna unna begemdirku rendu kaaryaacharana kendraalanu pampaaru. kendraalu aneka aakasmika daadulanu prarambhinchagaligaayi, inca chaalaa mandini niyaminchukoni, italianlanu vaari kotala lopala unchaayi. april chivaralo, bahardar georgies vadda unna sarihaddu betalian yokka samstha oka daadini tippikottindi, aaa taruvaata ventane italianlu taanaa sarassuku thoorpu vaipu venudirigaaru. sarihaddu betalianlo kontha bhaagam raas hailooni paryaveekshinchadaaniki migilipoyindi, aapai selaaseetho kalisi addis ababaku velli, 1va dakshinaafrikaa brigade advance loe asmaraku cherindi. migilina betalian debre marcos nundi sarassu taanaa varaku (manchu tuphaanulo oka paas meeda vesavi unifamlo) uttaraana munduku saagindi, motaaku cherukundi mariyu oka saahasopetamaina mosam dwara gojjamloni chivari italian betaliannu longipovadaaniki oppinchindi. mae 5naa, thoorpu african dalam italian somaliland nundi ethiopiapai daadi chesina dakshina frontloni commander ayina conninghamku neelirangu nail vakrarekhaku minchina gideon dalam mariyu karyakalapalanu plaat appaginchaaru.
paryavasanalu.
vislaeshanha.
daani sikharagra samayamlo, gideon dalamlo yaabhai mandhi adhikarulu, iravai mandhi british enn. sii. oo. luu, sudanese dalaalu mariyu sikshana pondina ethiopian regularlu, konni mortarlu, conny firangulu mariyu vaimanika maddatu laevu, adapadadapa bambu daadula tappa. sudeerghamaina mariyu balaheenamaina sarafara line mugimpulo eee dalam kashtataramaina desamlo panichesindi, dheenilo daadaapu andaruu maraninchaaru. gideon dalaalu naasi aadhvaryamlo aaru varallo italian dalaalanu bayataku pampi, dalaalu, pannendu tupaakulu, aneka meshin ganlu, raifils, mandugundu samagri mariyu jantuvulanu swaadheenam chesukunnayi.
tadupari sanghatanalu.
1941 juun 1naa gideon dalam raddu cheyabadindi, wingate majer gaa digajarchi, enimidava sainyamlooni suduura edaari samuuham (lrdg) loe cherina gideon dalamlooni aneka dalaalatoe paatu eejiptuku tirigi vachindi. thana manushula kosam alankaranala kosam winget chesina abhyardhana vismarinchabadindi mariyu vaariki tirigi jeetam pondadaaniki ayana chesina prayatnaalu addaginchabaddaayi. wingate juun 18naa waywell kuu oka nivedikanu raasaadu, dheenilo athanu pracharam yokka vijayaalanu mariyu bhavishyat charyala gurinchi thana abhipraayaalanu vivarinchaadu.
nivedika yokka bhasha kosam waywell khandinchaaru mariyu firyaadulanu pariseelinchadaaniki chepattaru, kaani ventane tolaginchabadi bharatadesaniki pampabaddaaru. kairolo ksheeninchina rekkalu, maleriyaatho kindaku vacchi, dalaala ooda dwara tirigi britanku pampabaddayi, idhi kairoloni general sibbandiki upasamanam kaliginchindi, athanu yuddhaanantara rajakeeyaalalo jokyam chesukuntadani bhayapaddadu.

