
transcriptome

transcriptome anedi oka vyakti ledhaa kanaala janabhalo coding mariyu naan-codingto sahaa anni rna transcriptla samiti. eee padaanni konnisaarlu nirdishta prayogaanni batti anni rnlanu suuchimchadaaniki ledhaa kevalam mrnnu suuchimchadaaniki kooda upayoginchavacchu. transcriptome" anae padam "transcript" mariyu "genome" anae padaala yokka kalayika; idhi transcription yokka jeeva prakriyaloo transcript utpatti prakriyatho mudipadi untundi.
1980laloe prachurinchabadina cdna grandhaalayaalatho transcriptome ullekhanaala prarambha dasalu prarambhamayyayi. tadanantaram, adhika-nirgamaamsa saanketikata agamanam transcriptome gurinchi daetaanu pondadaaniki vegavantamaina mariyu marinta samarthavanthamaina maargaalaku daariteesindi. transcriptomnu adhyayanam cheyadaaniki rendu jeeva paddhatulu upayoginchabadataayi, avi dna microere, oka hybridisation-aadhaarita saanketikata mariyu rna-sec, oka krama-aadhaarita vidhanam. aarr. enn. yea-sec anedi ishtapade paddhati mariyu 2010la nundi idhi prabalamaina transcriptomics saanketikatagaa undhi. single-sell transcriptomics anedi vyaktigata kanaalalo kalakramena transcript maarpulanu track cheyadaaniki anumatistundi.
transcriptome nundi pondina dayta cellular deferentiation, carcinogenesis, transcription regulation mariyu biomarker discovery vanti prakriyalapai antardrushtini pondadaaniki parisoedhanaloo upayoginchabadutundi. transcriptome-pondina dayta parinaama prakriyaloo phylogenetic sambandhaalanu sthaapinchadamlo mariyu "inn vitro" phaladeekaranamlo kooda anuvartanaalanu kanugontundi. transcriptome itara-ome aadhaarita jeevasambandhamaina adhyayana rangaalaku daggari sambandham kaligi untundi; idhi proteim mariyu metabolomku paripuurakaramainadi mariyu translatome, exome, meom mariyu thanatronscriptomle kaligi untundi, veetini nirdishta rakaala rna transcripts adhyayanam chese ome kshetraalugaa chudavachu. transcriptome mariyu itara-oms madhya parimaanaatmaka mariyu samrakshinchabadina sambandhaalu unnaayi, mariyu transcriptomics daetaanu metabolites vanti itara paramaanu jaatulanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki samarthavantamgaa upayoginchavacchu. aneka praja pratilekhana database luu andubaatulo unnaayi.
vyutpatti shaastram mariyu charitra.
transcriptome" anae padam "transcript" mariyu "genome" anae padaala yokka samyogam. idhi jeeva saastraalu mariyu saanketika rangaalalo janyuparamaina sthaayilo nirvahinchina anni adhyayanalanu suuchimchadaaniki "-home" mariyu "-omics" anae pratyayaalato erpadina itara neologisamlatho paatu kanipinchindi. anduvalla, janyuvu mariyu proteemtho paatu udbhavinchina modati padaalaloo transcriptome mariyu transcriptomics okati. silk maath mrunaa kosam cdna library sekarananu samarpinchina modati adhyayanam 1979loe prachurinchabadindi. oka jeevi yokka transcriptomnu prastaavinchi, parisoedhimchina modati seminal adhyayanam 1997loe prachurinchabadindi mariyu idhi 60,633 transcriptsnu vivarinchindi. janyu vyakteekarana (sage) yokka krama vislaeshanhanu upayoginchi serevisia. adhika-nirgamaamsa saanketikatalu mariyu bioinformatics perugudala mariyu tadupari perigina ganana saktitoe, idhi marinta samarthavantamgaa mariyu apaaramaina mottamlo daetaanu vargeekarinchadam mariyu vislaeshimchadam sulabham ayyindi. 1980laloe svayamchaalaka dna sequencing raavadamtho transcriptomnu vargeekarinche prayatnaalu marinta pramukhamgaa marai. 1990laloe, janyuvulu mariyu vaati sakalaalanu gurtinchadaaniki vyaktaparachabadina sequence tagg sequencing upayoginchabadindi. dheeni taruvaata janyu vyakteekarana (sage) yokka krama vislaeshanha, janyu vyakteekarana (panjaram) yokka cap vislaeshanha mariyu bhaarii samaantara santakam kramam (emm. pii. ess) vanti paddhatulu anusarinchabaddaayi.
transcription.
transcriptome icchina jeevi ledhaa prayogaatmaka namoonaalo unna anni ribonucleic aamlam (rna) transcriptsnu kaligi untundi. DNA nii oka jeevi yokka samalakshanamgaa marche prakriyaku baadhyata vahinche janyu samacharam yokka pradhana vahakamga rna undhi. oka janyuvu transcription anie piluvabade paramaanu prakriya dwara oke-stranded messenger rna (mrna) kii daariteestundi; eee mrna anedi dna yokka strandku paripuurakaramainadi, idhi daani nundi udbhavinchindi. enjaim rna polymerase II template dna strandku jatacheyabadutundi mariyu marnah transcript yokka perugutunna kramam yokka 3 'chivaraku ribonucleotidela jodimpunu utprerakam chestundi.
daani paniteerunu praarambhinchadaaniki, rna polymerase II janyuvu yokka eguva bhaagamlo (5 ') unna oka prothsaahaka kramaanni gurtinchaalsina avasaram undhi. eucariotslo, eee prakriya transcription kaarakaala dwara madhyavartitvam cheyabadutundi, mukhyamgaa transcription phyaaktar II dii (tfid) idhi tata baxnu gurtistundi mariyu tagina prarambha pradaesamloe rna polymerase sthaanaanni gurtinchadamlo sahaayapadutundi. rna transcript utpattini puurti cheyadaaniki, mugimpu saadhaaranamgaa mugimpu kramam nundi aneka vandala nuclicotide dhooramgaa jarugutundi mariyu cheelika jarugutundi. eee prakriya rna prosessingtho paatu oka kanam yokka kendrakamlo jarugutundi, dheeni dwara mrna anuvulu kappi, splies cheyabadataayi mariyu taruvaata cytoplasmku teesukelladaaniki mundu vaati sthirathvaanni penchadaaniki polyadenylated cheyabadataayi. ribosomelalo jarige anuvaada prakriya dwara mrunaa proteinlaku daariteestundi.
rna transcripts rakalu.
daadaapu anni kriyaatmaka pratilaekhanaalu telisina janyuvula nundi teesukobaddaayi. telisina janyuvula prompterla sameepamlo janyu vyakteekarananu niyantrinchadamlo pratyaksha paatra poeshinchae chinna sankhyalo transcripts matrame minahaayimpulu. (enhancer rna chudandi.) 
chaalaa varaku procariotic janyuvulanu janyuvu aakramistundi kabatti vaati janyuvulalo ekkuva bhaagam lipyantareekarinchabadataayi. aneka eucariotic janyuvulu chaalaa peddavigaa untaayi mariyu telisina janyuvulu janyuvulo kontha bhaganni matrame teesukovachhu. udaaharanaku, ksheeradaalalo, telisina janyuvulu janyuvu yokka 40-50% kuu matrame kaaranamavutaayi. ayinappatikee, gurtinchina transcripts tarachugaa janyuvulo chaalaa pedda bhaagaaniki mapp chestaayi, transcriptomlo janyuvula nundi raani nakilee transcripts unnayani suuchistumdi. eee transcriptlalo konni panicheyakapovadam anie pilustaaru endukante avi nakilee nakilee ledhaa ksheeninchina transposanlu mariyu vairaslaku mapp chestaayi. itarulu genome yokka gurtinchabadani praantaalaku mapp chestaaru, avi junk dna kaavacchu. 
eucariotslo, mukhyamgaa pedda janyuvulu unna vaatilo chaalaa tarachugaa nakilee transcription untundi, veetilo chaalaa junk dna undavacchu. kontamandi saastravettalu oka transcript telisina janyuvuku ketayinchabadakapothe, adhi kriyaatmakamgaa choopabade varaku adhi junk rna anie default ooha undaali. dheeni ardham pedda janyuvulatho kuudina jaatulalo chaalaa varaku transcriptome bahusha junk rna ayi untundi. (naan-coding rna chudandi)
transcriptomlo protein-coding janyuvula (mrna plus intraanlu) transcripts alaage naan-coding janyuvula (functional rna plus intraanlu) transcripts untaayi. 
adhyayanam yokka paridhi.
maanava janyuvulo, anni janyuvulu rna loki lipyantareekarinchabadataayi endukante paramaanu janyuvu nirvachinchabadindi. (janyuvunu chudandi.) transcriptomlo mrna plus naan-coding utrlu, intraanlu, naan-coding rnlu mariyu nakilee naan-functional transcripts yokka coding praantaalu untaayi. 
aneka amsaalu transcriptome yokka kantentnu sthaapinchadam kashtataram chestaayi. veetilo pratyaamnaaya spliesing, rna editing mariyu pratyaamnaaya transcription vantivi unnaayi. adanamgaa, transcriptome paddhatulu oka nirdishta samayamlo namoonaalo sambhavinche transcription sangrahinchagalavu, ayithe transcriptome yokka content bhedam samayamlo maaravacchu. transcriptomics yokka pradhana lakshyalu eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaih "mrna, naan-coding rna mariyu chinna rna latho sahaa anni rakaala transcript lanu jabita cheyandi; janyuvula transcriptu nirmaanaanni nirnayinchadaaniki, vaati prarambha saitla paramgaa, 5′ mariyu 3′ chivaralanu, spliesing namuunaalu mariyu itara post-transcriptu maarpulu; mariyu abhivruddhi samayamlo mariyu vividha paristhitulalo prati transcript yokka maarutunna vyakteekarana sthaayilanu lekkinchadam".
eee padaanni icchina jeevilo mottam transcripts samitiki ledhaa oka nirdishta kana rakamlo unna transcripts yokka nirdishta upasamitiki vartinchavachhu. icchina kana rekhaku (utparivartanalu minahayinchi) sthuulamgaa sthiramgaa unde janyuvu vale kakunda, transcriptome bahya paryaavarana paristhithulatho maaravacchu. idhi kanamlooni anni mrna transcriptsnu kaligi unnanduna, transcriptome yea samayamloonainaa churukuga vyakteekarinchabadutunna janyuvulanu pratibimbistumdi, transcriptinal attenuation vanti mrna ksheenata drugvishayaalu minaha. transcriptomics adhyayanam, (indulo vyakteekarana profiling, splies roopaantara vislaeshanha modalainavi untaayi.), icchina kana janabhalo rna vyakteekarana sthaayini pariseelistundi, tarachugaa mrnapy drushti pedutundi, conny konnisaarlu tranalu mariyu srna vanti itara vyaktulatoe sahaa.
nirmaana paddhatulu.
transcriptomics anedi parimaanaatmaka shaastram, idhi vastuvuku (janyuvulo "transcripts") teegala jabita ("reeds") ketaayimpunu kaligi untundi. vyakteekarana balaanni lekkinchadaaniki, prati vastuvuku anugunamgaa chadive saandrata lekkinchabadutundi. praarambhamlo, transcriptomlanu expressed sequence tagg librarylu mariyu janyu vyakteekarana (sage) yokka seeriyal und cap vislaeshanhanu upayoginchi vislaeshimchi adhyayanam chesaaru.
prastutam, rendu pradhana transcriptomics paddhatulalo dna microarase mariyu rna-sec unnaayi. rendu paddhatulaku rna velikiteeta paddhatula dwara rna isolation avasaram, taruvaata itara cellular bhagala nundi vaeru cheyadam mariyu mrna susampannam cheyadam avasaram.
transcriptome sequencelanu oohinchadaaniki rendu saadhaarana paddhatulu unnaayi. oka vidhana pataala kramam oka suuchana janyuvupai chaduvutundi, jeeviki chendinadi (dheeni transcriptome adhyayanam cheyabadutondi) ledhaa daggari sambandham unna jaatiki chendinadi. itara vidhanam, "dii novo" transcriptome assembly, chinna kramam nundi neerugaa transcriptsnu oohinchadaaniki softwarenu upayogistundi mariyu kramam laeni janyuvulatho jeevulalo upayoginchabadutundi.
dna microares.
modati transcriptome adhyayanalu microare paddhatulapai aadharapadi undevi (dheenini dna chips anie kooda pilustaaru). suukshma arrelu sannani gaaju poralanu kaligi untaayi, vaatipai "probes" anie piluvabade oligonucleotide amarchabadi untaayi; prati spot telisina dna kramaanni kaligi untundi.
suukshma shreni vislaeshanhalu chesetappudu, mrna anedi oka niyantrana mariyu prayogaatmaka namuunaa nundi sekarinchabadutundi, rendodi saadhaaranamgaa oka vyaadhiki pratinidhi. aasaktigala rna daani sthirathvaanni penchadaaniki cdnaga maarchabadutundi mariyu rendu samuuhaalaku saadhaaranamgaa aakupaccha mariyu erupu anae rendu rangula fluoroforlatho gurtinchabadutundi. cdna microere uparitalampai vyaapistundi, ikkada idhi chippai oligonucleotidelo sankaramavutundi mariyu skaan cheyadaaniki laejarnu upayogistaaru. suukshma shreni yokka prati pradaesamloe pratidee fluorescence teevrata janyu vyakteekarana sthaayiki anugunamgaa untundi mariyu enchukunna fluorophores rangu aadhaaramgaa, yea namuunaalu adhika sthaayi mrna aasaktini pradarsistaayo nirnayinchavacchu.
oka microere saadhaaranamgaa telisina anni janyuvulanu suuchimchadaaniki taginanta oligonucleotide kaligi untundi; ayithe, microerelanu upayoginchi pondina dayta teliyani janyuvula gurinchi samacharanni andinchadu. 2010laloe, suukshma shrenini daadaapu puurtigaa tadupari taram paddhatulu bharti chesaayi, ivi dna sequencing aadhaaramgaa unnaayi.
rna sequencing.
rna sequencing anedi tadupari taram sequencing saanketikata; dheeniki takkuva mottamlo rna matrame avasaram mariyu janyuvu gurinchi munupati ghnaanam ledhu. idhi rna transcripts yokka gunaatmaka mariyu parimaanaatmaka vislaeshanha rendintinee anumatistundi, modatidi kotta transcriptsnu kanugonadaaniki anumatistundi mariyu rendodi namoonaalo transcripts kosam saapeksha parimaanaala kolata.
edainaa jeeva namuunaala transcriptomla kramabaddheekarana yokka moodu pradhana dasallo rna suddeekarana, rna ledhaa cdna library samslaeshanha mariyu libraryni kramabaddhikarinchadam unnaayi. chinna mariyu podavaina rnlaku rna suddeekarana prakriya bhinnamgaa untundi. eee dasanu saadhaaranamgaa rna naanhyatanu anchanaa veyadam dwara anusaristaaru, dna ledhaa namuunaa prosessingku sambandhinchina saanketika kalushitaalanu nivaarinche uddesyamto. rna naanhyatanu 260 nm shoshana garishtamtho yuvi spectrometrini upayoginchi kolustaaru. rna samagrata sankhya (rn) scorelo nivedinchabadina 28ess rna nundi 18ess rna nishpatti mariyu teevratanu parimanatmakamga polchi kooda rna samagratanu vislaeshimchavachchu. mrna aasaktigala jaathi kabatti, idhi daani mottam contentlo kevalam 3 saatam matrame suuchistumdi kabatti, rna namuunaanu rna mariyu trna mariyu kanajaala-nirdishta rna transcriptsnu tolaginchadaaniki chikitsa cheyali.
chinna cdna sakalaalanu utpatti chese lakshyamtho library tayari dasha, 50 mariyu 300 bays jatala madhya podavulo transcripts cheyadaaniki rna fragmentationtho praarambhamavutundi. vichchinnam anedi enzymatic (rna endonucleusase), rasayana (trismagnisium salt buffer, rasayana jalavisleshana) ledhaa yaantrika (sonication, nebulization) kaavacchu. riverse transcription anedi rna templetlanu cdnaga maarchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi mariyu yaadruchchika primerlu ledhaa pratyeka adaptor oligosnu legating cheyadam dwara oligo-diti thoo sahaa moodu priming paddhatulanu dheenini saadhinchadaaniki upayoginchavacchu.
single-sell transcriptomics.
transcription vyaktigata kanaala sthaayilo single-sell transcriptomics dwara kooda adhyayanam cheyavachu. single-sell rna sequencing (scrana-sec) anedi iteevala abhivruddhi chesina saanketikata, idhi single sels yokka transcriptome vislaeshanhanu anumatistundi. yeka-kana transcriptomics, aasaktigala kanajaalaanni kaligi unna kana rakaala upa janabha kooda parigananaloki teesukobadutundi. eee vidhanam prayogaatmaka namoonaalalo maarpulu vistaranaku viruddhamgaa samalakshana cellular maarpula valla unnaya anie gurtinchadaaniki anumatistundi, dheenitho oka nirdishta kana rakam namoonaalo atigaa vyakteekarinchabadavachhu. adanamgaa, bhedam dwara cellular purogatini anchanaa vesetappudu, sagatu vyakteekarana profile kanaalanu vaati abhivruddhi dasha kante samayam dwara matrame kramabaddhikarinchagalavu mariyu tatphalitamgaa konni dasalaku nirdishtamaina janyu vyakteekarana sthaayilalo pokadalanu choopinchalevu. kaniti kanaalu, ghana kanitulalo cancer muula kanaalu mariyu ksheerada blastosistulalo pinda muula kanaalu (eske) vanti arudaina kana janabhanu vargeekarinchadaaniki single-sell trarnscriptomic paddhatulu upayoginchabaddaayi.
single-sell transcriptomics kosam praamaanika paddhatulu laenappatikee, aneka dasalanu chepattaali. modati dasalo sell isolation untundi, idhi takkuva mariyu adhika-nirgamaamsa paddhatulanu upayoginchi nirvahinchabadutundi. dheeni taruvaata qpcr dasha mariyu taruvaata single-sell rnaseq untundi, ikkada aasakti unna rna nii cdna gaa maarchabadutundi. yeka-kana transcriptomicslo kotta parinaamaalu kanajaalam mariyu upa-kana sthaanikeekarana samrakshanaku anumatistaayi, idhi cryo-section kanajaalaala sannani mukkala dwara mariyu prati mukkalo transcriptomnu kramabaddhikarinchadam dwara jarugutundi. maroka saanketikata suukshmadarshini krinda oke transcripts drushyeekarananu anumatistundi, adhe samayamlo prati okka sell yokka praadaesika samacharanni samrakshistundi, akkada avi vyakteekarinchabadataayi.
vislaeshanha.
vibhina kana janabhalo vibhinnamgaa vyakteekarinchabadina janyuvulanu gurtinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki aneka organism-nirdishta transcriptome databaselanu nirminchaaru mariyu ullekhanam chesaaru.
DNA microarase yokka paatha saanketikata ippatikee upayoginchabadutunnappatiki, jeevula transcriptomlanu kolavadaniki empika paddhatigaa rna-sec (2013) udbhavistondi. rna-sec podavaina rnlanu cdna sakalaala libraryga marchadam dwara nirdishta janyuvu yokka transcription kolustundi. cdna sakalaalu appudu adhika-nirgamaamsa kramam saanketikatanu upayoginchi kramabaddheekarinchabadataayi mariyu oka suuchana janyuvu ledhaa transcriptomeku samalekhanam cheyabadataayi, idhi appudu janyuvula vyakteekarana profilenu srushtinchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi.
applications.
ksheeradaalu.
cellular deferentiation mariyu carcinogenesis prakriyalanu ardham chesukovadaniki prayatninche parisoedhakulaku muula kanaalu mariyu cancer kanaala transcriptomlu pratyeka aasaktini kaligistaayi. rna-sec ledhaa janyu shreni daetaanu upayoginchi oka pipeline muula mariyu puurvagaami kanaalalo sambhavinche janyu maarpulanu track cheyadaaniki upayoginchavacchu mariyu munupati kana rakam mariyu parinati chendina kanaala nundi kaneesam moodu swatantra janyu vyakteekarana dayta avasaram.
maanava andakosalu mariyu pindaala yokka transcriptomla vislaeshanha anedi prarambha pinda abhivruddhini niyantrinche paramaanu vidhanalu mariyu signalling maargaalanu ardham chesukovadaniki upayoginchabadutundi, mariyu siddhaantaparamgaa inn vitro fertilisationlo saraina pinda empika cheyadamlo oka saktivantamaina saadhanamgaa untundi. inn vitro" phaladeekaranam mariyu pindam badilee (ivt-ii) loe garbham yokka modati traimaasikamlo maavi yokka transcriptome content yokka vislaeshanhalu janyu vyakteekaranalo thedaalanu velladinchaayi, ivi pratikuula perinatal phalitaala adhika frequencytho mudipadi untaayi. atuvanti antardrushtini abhyasanni anukuulaparachadaaniki upayoginchavacchu. prakriyatho sambandham unna gayalanu tagginchadam dwara, andakosala cryopreservationnu optimize cheyadaaniki kooda transcriptome vislaeshanhalanu upayoginchavacchu.
transcriptomics anedi aushadhaala bhadrata ledhaa rasayana pramaada anchanaanu anchanaa veyadamlo upayogam kosam biomarker aavishkaranalo abhivruddhi chendutunna mariyu nirantaram abhivruddhi chendutunna rangam.
vyaktula madhya phylogenetic sambandhaalanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki ledhaa transcriptome parirakshana yokka parinaamaatmaka namuunaalanu gurtinchadaaniki kooda transcriptomlanu upayoginchavacchu.
antisense transcription sambhavam, chuttupakkala janyuvulatho paraspara charya dwara janyu vyakteekaranalo vaati paatra mariyu vividha chromosomelalo vaati samruddhini kanugonadaaniki transcriptome vislaeshanhalu upayoginchabaddaayi. rna-sec anedi rna isopharmlu, adhe janyuvu nundi udbhavinchina transcripts, conny vividha nirmaanaalatoo, parimita janyuvula nundi sanklishta samalakshanaalanu elaa utpatti cheyagalavo choopinchadaaniki kooda upayoginchabadindi.
mokkalu.
vruksha jaatula parinaamam mariyu vaividhya prakriyanu adhyayanam cheyadaaniki transcriptome vislaeshanha upayoginchabadindi. 2014loe, 1000 mokkala janyuvula project puurtayimdi, dheenilo viridiplante, glaucophyta mariyu rhodophyta kutumbaala nundi 1,124 mokkala jaatula transcriptomlu kramabaddheekarinchabaddayi. protein coding shrenulanu taruvaata mokkala madhya phylogenetic sambandhaalanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki mariyu parinaama prakriyaloo vaati vaividhyata samayanni vargeekarinchadaaniki poolchaaru. paripakva puppodiloo janyu vyakteekarananu vargeekarinchadaaniki mariyu parimaanam cheyadaaniki transcriptome adhyayanalu upayoginchabaddaayi. kana goda jeevakriya mariyu cytoskeleton loe palgone janyuvulu atigaa vyakteekarinchabadinatlu kanugonabaddayi. suukshmakanaala nundi paripakva puppodi dhaanyaala varaku puppodi yokka vividha abhivruddhi dasala dwara janyu vyakteekaranalo maarpulanu track cheyadaaniki kooda transcriptome vidhanalu anumatinchaayi; adanamgaa ituvanti dasalanu "arabidopsis", vari mariyu pogaakutho sahaa vividha mokkala jaatulalo polchavachhu.
itara ome kshetraalaku sambandhinchinadi.
itara-konni aadhaarita saanketika parignaanaala maadirigaane, transcriptome yokka vislaeshanha anedi parikalpanalanu prayogaatmakamgaa dhruvikarinchetappudu nishpaakshikamaina vidhananni anumatistundi. eee vidhanam signalling margalalo kotta madhyavartula aavishkaranaku kooda anumatistundi. itara-omics aadhaarita saanketika parignaanaala maadirigaane, transcriptomnu multimics vidhanam paridhiloo vislaeshimchavachchu. idhi metabolomicsku paripuurakaramainadi, conny protemics kuu viruddhamgaa, transcript mariyu metabolite madhya pratyaksha anubandhaanni sthaapinchalemu.
transcriptome yokka upavargaalugaa chudagalige aneka-konni kshetraalu unnaayi. exome transcriptome nundi bhinnamgaa untundi, indulo nirdishta kana janabhalo kanipinche rna anuvulu matrame untaayi, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa paramaanu gurtimpulaku adanamgaa prati rna anuvu yokka mottam ledhaa yekagratanu kaligi untundi. adanamgaa, transcriptome kooda translatome nundi bhinnamgaa untundi, idhi anuvaadam cheyabadutunna rnla samiti.
meosis prakriyaloo utpatti cheyabadina meotic transcriptome ledhaa rna transcripts samitini vivarinchadaaniki functional genomicslo meom anae padaanni upayogistaaru. meosis anedi eucariotsnu laingikamgaa punarutpatti cheyadamlo oka mukhya lakshanam, mariyu indulo homologus chromosome, synaps mariyu recombination jatacheyadam untundi. chaalaa jeevulalo meosis takkuva vyavadhilo sambhavistundi kabatti, meotic kanaala (meocytes) yokka isolation (ledhaa susampannam) savaalu kaaranamgaa meotic transcript profiling kashtam. transcriptome vislaeshanhala maadirigaane, pedda ettuna transcriptomic paddhatulanu upayoginchi mottam-janyuvu sthaayilo meomnu adhyayanam cheyavachu. meom ksheeradaalu mariyu eest vyavasthalalo baga vargeekarinchabadindi mariyu mokkalalo kontha takkuva vistrutamgaa vargeekarinchabadindi.
thanatotranscriptometome anni rna transcriptlu untaayi, avi vyakteekarinchabadatam konasaagutaayi ledhaa maranam taruvaata gantala tarvaata mrutha sareeram yokka antargata avayavaalalo tirigi vyakteekarinchabadatam praarambhistaayi. konni janyuvulalo pindam abhivruddhi tarvaata nirodhinchabadinavi untaayi. thanatotranscriptom programme cheyabadina sell deth (apoptosis) prakriyaku sambandhinchinadi ayithe, daanini apoptotic thanatotranscriptom anie suuchimchavachchu. thanatronscriptom yokka vislaeshanhalu forensic medisinlo upayoginchabadataayi.
eqvtl mappingnu janyusaastraanni transcriptomics puurti cheyadaaniki upayoginchavacchu; dna sthaayilo janyu vaividhyaalu mariyu rna sthaayilo janyu vyakteekarana charyalu.
proteemku sambandhinchinadi.
transcriptomnu proteim yokka upasamitigaa chudavachu, antey, janyuvu dwara vyakteekarinchabadina mottam proteinla samiti.
ayithe, saapeksha mrna vyakteekarana sthaayila vislaeshanha anedi mrna vyakteekaranalo saapekshamgaa chinna maarpulu kanamlo unna sambandhita protein mottam mottamlo pedda maarpulanu utpatti cheyagalavu anae vaastavam dwara sanklishtamgaa untundi. janyu samiti susampannata vislaeshanha anie piluvabade oka vislaeshanha paddhati, vividha kana janabhalo paiki ledhaa krindiki niyantrinchabade vyaktigata janyuvula kante courgulated janyu netvarklanu gurtistundi.
suukshma shreni adhyayanalu kanamlo vividha mrnla saapeksha mottaalanu velladinchagaliginappatiki, mrna sthaayilu avi code chese proteinla vyakteekarana sthaayiki neerugaa anulomaanupaatamlo undavu. icchina marnah anuvunu oka namoonaga upayoginchi samslaeshanha cheyabadina protein anuvula sankhya marnah kramam yokka anuvaada-prarambha lakshanaalapai ekkuvagaa aadharapadi untundi; mukhyamgaa, anuvaada prarambha kramam yokka saamarthyam protein anuvaadam kosam ribosomela niyaamakamlo keelaka nirnayakam.