
poura jeevasaastram

eah sivik biology problemslo (saadhaaranamgaa just sivik biology anie pilustaaru) 1914loe prachurinchabadina georg vilium hunter raasina jeevasastra paatyapustakamgaa undhi. idhi 1925loe haiskool upaadhyaayulu upayoginchaalsina pustakam, idhi sthaanika nyayasthaanam rashtra butler chattanni ullanghinchinatlu teerpu icchina parinaamam gurinchi daani vibhaagaaniki baga prasiddhi chendindi. eee paatyapustakamlo bodhinchadam kosam zaan tii. scopelu "kothi" vichaaranalo tenessey ayina daytonlo skoplanu vichaaranaku teesukuvacchaaru. parinaamam, jaathi mariyu sujanana shaastram gurinchi pustakamlo samarthinchabadina abhiprayalu american purogamanavaadulaku saadhaaranam (mukhyamgaa 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo atyanta pramukha american jeevasaastravettalalo okaraina charless benedict devenport paniloo, vaetagaadu eee pustakamlo udaharinchaaru).
saaraamsaalu.
eee pustakam nundi saaraamsaalu maanavajaatiki sambandhinchina vivaadaaspada amsaalaku daani saadhaarana swaram mariyu vidhananni istaih
abhivruddhi mariyu prachurana.
hunter newyorkloni mamaronechlo janminchaadu mariyu villiams kalaasaala, chikago vishwavidyaalayam mariyu newyork vishwavidhyaalayamlo chaduvukunnadu, akkada athanu doctorate pondaadu. taruvaata athanu maanhaatanloni abbayila kosam prabhutva madhyamika paatasaala ayina dii whit clinton unnata paatasaalalo jeevasastra vibhaagaaniki chhairman ayyadu. clintonlo unna samayamlo, athanu 1905loe "poura jeevasaastram" thoo sahaa kalaasaala mariyu unnata paatasaala jeevasastra korsula kosam 30 paatyapustakaalanu rachinchaadu ledhaa saha-rachinchaadu. columbia vishwavidyaalayam yokka upadhyaya kalasalalo vidyaavaettalatoe kalisi panicheyadam dwara mariyu janyu shaastravetta thamus hunt morgaon, aadhunika madhyamika paatasaala jeevasastra paatyaamsaalanu roopondinchina "poura jeevasaastram" anae paatyapustakaanni abhivruddhi chesaaru.
eugenics.
poura jeevasaastram" yokka modati sanchikalo, vaetagaadu 432 paejeela paatyapustakamloni oka pageelo sujanana saastraanni kluptamgaa charchistaadu. aneka itara parinaamaatmaka jeevasaastravettalatho paatu, vaetagaadu sujanana shaastram anae aalochananu saamaajika siddhaantamgaa sweekarinchaadu. idhi 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo prajaadarana pondina aalochana, mariyu aneka rashtraalu sujananaparamgaa anarhata kaligina vyaktula laingika vibhajana mariyu sterilisation balavantam cheyadaaniki chattalanu amalu chesaayi. maanasikamgaa anaarogyamtho unnavaaru, nerasthulu mariyu muurcha vanti vyaktula madhya paraspara vivahanni nivaarinchadam dwara samajam maanava jaatini paripuurnamgaa cheyagaladani vaetagaadu nammadu. anni jaatulalo caucassian jaathi atyunnata rakam anie kooda ayana viswasinchaadu.
vignaana shaastra vidyalo maarpulu.
charless darwin thana parinaamaatmaka siddhaantaalanu 60 samvatsaraala mundu "poura jeevasaastram" paie praja vivaadaaniki mundu vyaapti vichaaranhatho prachurinchaadu. poura jeevasaastram" paie paridhi vichaarana mariyu vivaadaaniki mundu, chaalaa vignaana paatyapustakaallo prabalamaina shaastreeya aalochanalatho sannihitamgaa undataaniki darwin bhaavanalanu chaerchaaru. 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo, unnata paatasaala taragati gadulalo jeevasaastram elaa bodhinchabadutundo naveekarinchadaaniki mariyu punarnirminchadaaniki, parinaamaanni teesukuraavadaaniki vidya rangamlo oka udyamam jarigindi. unnata paatasaalallo parinaamam bodhinchadam praarambhamaina tarvaata, darwin siddhaantaalapai vivaadam abhivruddhi chendindi. eee prayatnaalu pragatiseela vidya siddhaantaalanu ponduparachadaaniki mariyu jeeva saastraalanu maanava samaajaaniki vartimpajeyadaaniki prayatninchaayi.
"poura jeevasaastram" anedi vidya rangamlo udbhavistunna shaastreeya bodhanaku kotta vidhaanaalaku oka udaaharana. eee aadhunika vidya vidyaarthulaku vartinche mariyu sambandhita vishayalanu abhivruddhi cheyadam dwara maanava samaajaaniki shaastreeya suutraalanu vartimpajeyadampai drushti pettindi. samajikamga vartinche jeevasaastram vaipu eee udyamam tappanisari praja vidya vaipu jaateeya prayatnaalatoe jatacheyabadindi. kotta jeevasastra paatyaamsaallo punahroopakalpana chesina siddhaantaalaku, alaage vidya kendrikruta niyantrana, niyantranaku kooda parinaama vyatiraeka prayatnaalu, chattalu pratispandinchaayi. praja mariyu praamaanika vidya gurinchi aandolanalu "poura jeevasaastram" paie praja charchalo bhaagamgaa undevi."
saamskrutika sandarbham.
aneka saamaajika-saamskrutika sanghatanalu "poura jeevasaastram" kuu prachurana mariyu pratispandananu roopondinchaayi."modati prapancha yuddham taruvaata, oka saamskrutika udyamam udbhavinchindi, idhi rendu saiddhaantika samuuhaalanu okadaanikokati vyatiraekamgaa nilabettindihi sampradaayavaadulu mariyu aadhunikavaadulu. aadhunikavaadulu frudian siddhaantaalu vanti kotta tatvaalanu anveshinchadam dwara medho prayogaalanu sweekarinchaaru mariyu raajakeeya rangaalalo madyam nishedhaaniki vyatiraekamgaa vaadinchaaru. eee aadhunika saamskrutika udyamaaniki pratispandanagaa, eee pragatiseela siddhaantaala aavirbhavaanni nirasistuu mataparamaina punarujjeevana udyamam jarigindi. sampradaayavaadulu vaari mataparamaina utsaaham dwara vaeru cheyabaddaaru. eee samuuham madyam nishedha chattalanu mariyu baibil yokka aksharartha vivarananu ishtapadindi.
scopes trial.
poura jeevasaastram" yokka vishayam vichaaranalo pratyaekamgaa charchinchabadaledu; badulugaa darwin yokka parinaama siddhaantamtoe arhatalu mariyu samasyalapai vichaarana drushti saarinchindi. parinaamam bodhinchabadala vadda anae daanipai pracharam mariyu bahiranga charchanu nirvahinchadaaniki "poura jeevasaastram" nuu oka saadhanamgaa scopela vichaarana upayoginchindi. aaru rojula srushti yokka baibil bhavananu antaraayam kaliginchadam dwara bodhana parinaamam saampradaaya mataparamaina viluvalanu balaheenaparustundani prosecution vaadinchindi, mariyu darwin bhavanalu united states yokka raajakeeya rangaanni anachiveyagalavani, "atyanta samarthavanthamaina manugada" nuu upayoginchavacchani perkondi.darwin siddhaantaalanu uttama jeevulanu empika cheyadaaniki pasuvula saamuuhika sterilisation samarthinchadaaniki upayoginchavacchani vaaru heccharinchaaru. parinaama siddhaantaanni bodhinchadam samaajaaniki kaliginche pramaadaalanu pradarsinchadaaniki prosecutorlu vaadanalu srushtinchaaru.
rakshana yantraangam aadhunika bhaavajaalaaniki anugunamgaa vaadaalanu roopondinchindi. vaak swaatantyra rakshana kinda unnata paatasaala vidyaarthulaku parinaamam neerpinchaalani vaaru vaadinchaaru. prativaadulu vidyaarthulaku marinta udaaramaina mariyu vinootnamaina vignaana paatyaamsaalanu andinchaalani pratipaadinchaaru, idhi aaa kaalamlooni prajaadarana pondina shaastreeya aalochanalanu konasaagistundi. poura jeevasaastram" nuu upayoginchaalaa vadda anie nirnayinchadam upaadhyaayulu mariyu vidyaarthula hakkula paridhiloo undani vaaru vishwasinchaaru, mariyu nirdishta raajakeeya, aardhika mariyu mataparamaina drukkoonaala nundi swatantramaina praja vidya vyavastha kosam vaadinchaaru.
vaarasatvam.
1925loe pendinglo unna 15 raashtraala parinaama vyatiraeka chattam kaaranamgaa, "poura jeevasaastram" paie vivaadamtoe kuudina scopela vichaarana, parinaama vyatiraeka samuuhaalaku pedda edurudebbagaa maarindi, darwin yokka parinaama siddhaantaala bodhananu parimitam chese chattalanu matrame 2 amalu chesaayi. eee praja vivaadaaniki konni raajakeeya chikkulu unnappatikee, idhi vidya rangamlo mariyu jeeva saastraala bodhanalo vistrutamgaa prabhavam chuupaleedu. 1970laloe, scopela vichaarana tarvaata kraistava fundamentalistula ottidi paatyapustaka rachayitalanu parinaama charchanu parimitam cheyamani balavantam chesindani nammutaaru. ayithe, jeevasastra paatyapustakaalanu taruvaata pariseelinchina taruvaata, jeevasastra saastraalapai mataparamaina moulikavaadam prabhavanni tagginche prayatnamlo, paatyapustaka rachayitalu daani vishayalanu vaeru chesi, samarthinche jeevasastra paatyaamsaalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki krushi chesaarani panditulu nirnayinchaaru. phalitamgaa, aadhunika panditulu ippudu mottam meeda, jeevasastra paatyapustakaalu vyaapti vichaarana tarvaata parinaama vyatiraeka vaakchaaturyamto ekkuvagaa prabhaavitam kaaledani nammutaaru.
jeevasastra paatyapustakaalu paridhi vichaarana nundi bhaarii prabhavanni choopakapoyina, unnata paatasaala upaadhyaayulanu prabhaavitam chese konni chattalu udbhavinchaayi. paridhi vichaarana taruvaata, chaalaa mandhi upaadhyaayulu, mukhyamgaa dakshinaana, appudu vidheyata pramaanaalu cheyavalasi vachindi. eee pramaanaalu sampradaayavaada siddhaantaalaku viruddhamgaa laeni bodhana vishayaalaku bodhakulanu parimitam cheyadampai kendrikrutamai unnaayi.
"kotta poura jeevasaastram".
scopes trial tarvaata samvatsaram vaetagaadu pustakam yokka savarinchina edition kanipinchindi. eee sanchika ikapai "parinaamam" anae padaanni upayoginchaledu, mariyu gurtinchadagina parinaamaatmaka bhavanalaku sambandhinchina chaalaa suuchanalanu tolaginchindi. bhougolika sandarbhamlo gurraala puurvagaamula silaajaalanu vivarinche oka chitram mariyu daaniki sambandhinchina chaalaa vachanalu tolaginchabaddaayi. paina perkonna vibhagam, "manishi parinaamam", paeru maarchabadindi "manishi yokka abhivruddhi", mariyu, "manasika samsthalo takkuva" anie cheppadaniki badulugaa "nagarikatalo takkuva" anie (paejee 250). eee pustakamlo sahaja empika (paejee 383), homology (paejee 237), mokkalu mariyu jantuvula vargeekarana (adhyayam xxi, paejeelu 234-252) ("manishi" nuu sakasherukamgaa, ksheeradamgaa mariyu primate, paejee 250 gaa prastaavinchadam), mariyu "jeevasaastramlo goppa paerlaloo" charless darwin yokka chinna jeevita charitra (paejeelu 411-412) unnaayi.
eee kotta sanchikalo sujanana shaastram ("maanava jaathi merugudala" adhyayam, pp. 394-404), conny "parishkaram" paie paina perkonna vibhagam "atuvanti vyaktulu takkuva jantuvulu ayithe, avi vyaapti chendakunda nirodhinchadaaniki memu bahusha vaatini champestamu" anae padaalanu tolaginchindi. maanavatvam dheenini anumatinchadu.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru."anie paerkonnaaru. (paejee 400). jukes kutumbam mariyu kallikak kutumbam yokka charitra munduku saagindi (paejeelu 398-399). paraannajeevivaadam mariyu samaajaaniki daani kharchu" anae vibhagam maaraledu, conny sikshanu choppinchadaaniki "shikshaasamsthalloni khaideelalo 25 saatam nundi 50 saatam madhya balaheenamaina manastatvam kaligi unnaarani anchanaa."kotta edition" "kakasianlu" "gurinchi rendu maarpulatoe" "dhi races off myaan" "vibhaganni vrayabadinatluga unchindih avi ikapai" "annintikante atyadhika rakam" "gaa varninchabadaledu, mariyu" "hinduvulu mariyu asea yokka arabbulu" "lekkinchabadina cacassianlalo cherchabaddaayi (paejee 251)".