
metro (aksharam)

metro anedi vilium adison dwiggins roopondinchina sance-serif aksharashailiki chendina kutumbam, dheenini 1929 nundi american mergenthaller linotype company vidudala chesindi.
metro anedi dwiggins yokka modati aksharashaililo okati, dheenini athanu 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo pramukha akshara kalaakaarulu mariyu pustaka roopakartalalo okarigaa sthirapadina taruvaata 49 samvatsaraala vayassulo srushtinchaadu. 1928loe, dwiggins "layowoot inn advertising" raasaaru, dheenilo athanu andubaatulo unna "manchi" sance-serif rakalu lekapovadaanni vimarsinchaaru. harry ell. linotype vadda typography assistant director ayina gaze eee pustakaanni sameekshinchaaru, 1929loe athanu "manchi" sance-serif lopinchindani bhaavinchina designu roopondinchadaaniki dwiginsnu niyaminchukuntaanani pratipaadinchaadu. dwigginsnu salahadaruga teesukuvacchi, ventane chaunsi hetch thoo sambandhaanni yerparachukunnaru. griffith, company rakam roopakalpana adhipati, athanu thana migilina kereerlo thana aksharaala roopaalannintinii utpatti chestaadu.
metro futura vanti kotta "rekhaganita" sance-serif designla tarangam nundi prerana pondindi, ivi franklin gothik vanti sance-serifla saampradaaya 'vintha' shaili kante vruttaalu mariyu sarala rekhalu vanti saadhaarana rekhaganita akaaraalapai drushtini aakarshinchayi. eee kotta designla gurinchi athani abhiprayam takkuva pratikuulamgaa unnappatikee, dwiggins ippatike unna rekhaganita aksharashaililoni chinna aksharaalato asantrupti chendaadu mariyu chadavadaaniki marinta aasaktikaramgaa unde swachchamaina jyaamiti nundi viraamaalato oka faantnu srushtinchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. ayithe, rekhaganita shaili madhyalo, athani vidhanam aasinchina daanikante takkuva prajaadarana pondindi, mariyu akshararoopaanni chaalaa samvatsaraala taruvaata prajaadarana pondina bhavishyattunu marinta daggaragaa pooli undela punahroopakalpana chesaaru. iteevali samvatsaraalalo aneka digital punarujjeevanaalu dwiggins yokka asalu designlaku tirigi vachayi ledhaa vaatini pratyamnaayamgaa andinchaayi.
nepathyam mariyu abhivruddhi.
dwiggins "layowoot inn advertising" vraase samayaniki, mergenthelarloni sibbandiki ayana etthi chuupina lopaala gurinchi baga telusu. keyboard niyantranalo mariyu ghana blacklalo kotta rakanni pradarsinche linotype vyavastha, chethitho type setting kante vegavantamaina prayojanam kaaranamgaa vaartaapatrika viniyogaaniki chaalaa prachuryam pondindi, ayithe chakkati pustaka mudranaku aamodam pondadam nemmadigaa undhi. 1920la natiki, samstha yokka naayakatvam vyavastha yokka pradhana lopam manchi design gala faantlu lekapovadam anie bhaavinchindi, mariyu vaaru dheenini saricheyadaaniki krushi chestunnaru, appatike kalaatmaka salahaadaaru edward everet bartletnu niyaminchaaru; british saakha chakkati printer georg doubleu. johns, mariyu daani pootiidaaru monotype corporation, stanley morrison mudranapai vyaakhyaata, ilanti kaaranaala valla.
dwigginsnu niyaminchadamlo, prastutam oka fyaashannu aasvaadistunna european rekhaganita sance-seriflatho potipade typephace tarvaata linotype undani spashtamaindi. eee iteevali vidudalalo anekam-cabell, futura mariyu gill sance-athanu "manchi design yokka gothics" gaa bhaavinchaadani, conny avi, athani maatallo cheppalante, "pedda aksharaalalo bagunnayi mariyu chinna aksharaalalo bumm" anie dwiggins pratipaadinchaaru.anduvalla athanu swachchamaina jyaamitipai takkuva aadhaarapade aksharashailini roopondinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu, rendu antastula" "a" "mariyu" "g" "nuu enchukunnadu, stroke vedalpulo gananeeyamaina vaividhyam, mariyu adhirohakulu mariyu vaarasulapai kattirinchina terminals oka broadnib pentho geesinatlugaa". eee lakshanaalu johnston mariyu gill sance yokka siralo athani prarambha roopakalpana maanavataavaadi lakshanaalanu istayi, conny 1932 punaraabhivruddhi ekkuvagaa marinta bahirangamgaa maanavataavaadi amsaalatoe pampinhee cheyabadindi, mariyu netikee idhi pradhanamgaa daani pootiidaarula maadirigaane rekhaaganitamgaa pariganinchabadutundi.
dwiggins kutumbamlo atyanta dhairyamaina baruvaina metro blacknu matrame aakarshinchadu, athani roopakalpana aadhaaramgaa linotype droying office dwara moodu telikapati baruvulu extrapolate cheyabaddaayi. chunky design mariyu vistruta antharamtho, 20va sataabdapu american vaartaapatrikalalo metro tarachugaa vibhaga sheershikala kosam upayoginchabadindi (tarachugaa futura, sparton, tempo mariyu vog vanti itara sance-seriflatho pootiiloo), mariyu linotype dheenini paelavamaina-naanhyata gala vaartaapatrika kaagitampai mudrinchadaaniki anuvaina vaari 'spashtata samuuham' typefacelaku thodugaa pracharam chesindi.
loha rakam vidudalalu.
linotype vaedi-loha kuurpu kosam metro eee krindi setlalo vidudala cheyabadindihi
prarambha vidudalalo baruvula metrolyte mariyu metro block unnaayi, rendodi neerugaa dwiggins yokka asalu droinglapy aadharapadi undhi. oka pradarsanagaa, rockwell kent raasina "wilderness eah journal off sailent adventure inn alasca" yokka edition metrolytelo mudrinchabadindi. aaa taruvaata rendu adanapu baruvulu, metrothene mariyu metromedium, 1931loe vachayi.
linotype vyavastha aksharaala nirmaanampai parimitulanu vidhinchindi, mariyu oke "duplexed" maatrikapai rendu faantlanu andinchadam praamaanikam, anduvalla idhi oke vedalpu kaligi undaali. anduvalla linotype metrolyte mariyu metro blacknu oka jatagaa andinchindi, taruvaata metrothene mariyu metromedium; ippativaraku okadaanikokati tolaginchina baruvula madhya kolamanalanu panchukovalasi vacchina phalitamgaa, glife akaaraalu baruvulo perige koddi vistruta mariyu marinta ghaneebhavinchina madhya munduku venukaku veltaayi.
nirmaanamloki pravesinchina taruvaata metro syries punahroopakalpana cheyabadindi, germanyloni boyer rakam foundry nundi appati prajaadarana pondina futura kutumbaanni anukarinchadaaniki aneka paatralu marchabaddayi. chinna aksharalu "a" mariyu "g" lanu oke antastulo tayaaru chesaaru, vakramaina "e" nuu marinta sampradaaya samskaranatho kshitija samaantara patteetho (modata pratyamnaayamgaa andinchabadindi) bharti chesaaru, mariyu pedda aksharalu "a", "m", "v", mariyu "w" itara maarpulatoe paatu, koona sikharaalanu pondaayi. kotta kutumbaaniki "metro nem. 2 "mariyu pratyaamnaaya sankhyanu marchadam dwara yerpadavachhu. 2 maatrikalu. linotype konni itara pratyaamnaayaalanu kooda andinchindi, veetilo naalugu-koonaala "doubleu" mariyu cabell paddhatiloo koona crossbartho kuudina "eee" mariyu alankaara, streamline aadhunika shaililo "pratyaekamaina capitals" unnaayi.
italyx, pradhanamgaa valuga, taruvaata jodinchabaddaayi, mariyu vividha baruvula dwara asthiramgaa untaayi. metrothene italic okkate "f" paie avarohanakartanu kaligi untundi, futura paddhatiloo neerugaa "t" thoo paatu; chinna aksharaala italic "f" mariyu "t" anni itara baruvulalo marinta spashtamaina vakratanu kaligi untaayi, conny chinna aksharam "j" aasaktikaramgaa ledhu. eee lakshanaalalo edainaa digital avataaraalaku teesukuvellabadi unte, avi saadhaaranamgaa saadhaarana valuga untaayi (krinda chudandi).
digital punarujjeevanaalu mariyu vivaranalu.
linotype mariyu daani yajamani mariyu maajee pratyarthi, monotype dwara aneka digitalisations vidudala cheyabaddayi
adhikaarika linotype digitalisationlatho paatu, metro aadhaaramgaa aneka anadhikaarika punarujjeevanaalu ledhaa namuunaalu vistarinchaayih

