hammer head ribozyme

hammer head ribozyme anedi rna muulaamsam, idhi rna anuvu lopala oka nirdishta pradaesamloe tirogamana cheelika mariyu bandhana praticharyalanu utprerakam chestundi. prakrutilo sambhavinche aneka utpreraka rnlalo (ribosimes) idhi okati. idhi rna yokka nirmaanam mariyu lakshanaalapai parisoedhana kosam oka namuunaa vyavasthagaa panichestundi, mariyu uddesinchina rna cheelika prayogaalaku upayoginchabadutundi, konni pratipaadita chikitsa anuvartanaalato. prarambha dviteeya nirmaana rekhaachitraalu hammer head sorachepatho poolika kaaranamgaa paeru pettabadina hammer head ribosimelu modata rendu taragatula mokkala virus-vanti rnlalo kanugonabaddayi upagraha rnlu mariyu viroids. retrogymelatho sahaa konni rakaala retrotransposanlo kooda ivi prasiddhi chendaayi. sutthi thala ribozyme muulaamsam jeevana vruksham antataa vamsaalaloo sarvavyaaptamgaa nivedinchabadindi.
pampinhee modatisaarigaa nivedinchabadina sweeya-cheelika praticharyalu, rolling circle replication mechanismlo bhaagam. sutthi thala kramam sweeya-prakshaalanaku saripotundi mariyu samrakshinchabadina trimiteeya trutheeya nirmaanaanni roopondinchadam dwara panichestundi.
utprerakam.
daani sahaja sthithilo, oka hammer head rna muulaamsam rna yokka oke strand. protein enjaimlu lenappudu cheelika sambhavinchinappatikii, hammer head rna daani sahaja sthithilo utprerakam kaadu, endukante idhi praticharya dwara viniyoginchabadutundi (i.ii. sweeya-vibajananu nirvahistundi) mariyu anduvalla bahula turnoverlanu utprerakam cheyadu.
trans-acting hammer head nirmaanaalanu rendu paraspara rna tantuvulanu kaligi unde vidhamgaa roopondinchavacchu, oka strand maroka strandnu cheelche hammer head ribojaimnu kaligi untundi. cheelika cheyabadina strandnu adhikamgaa sarafara cheyavachu, mariyu bahula turnovernu pradarsinchavacchu mariyu protein enjaim kinetics yokka vilakshanhamaina mykhelis-menten kineticsnu paatistunnatlu chuupavachchu. ituvanti nirmaanaalu saadhaaranamgaa "inn vitro" prayogaala kosam upayoginchabadataayi, mariyu "hammer head rna" anae padam aacharanalo tarachugaa upayoginche "hammer head ribozyme" kuu paryaayapadamgaa maarindi.
utprerakamgaa churukuga unde kaneesa trans-acting hammer head ribozyme kramamlo chuupina vidhamgaa, 15 samrakshinchabadina (ekkuvagaa asthiramaina) nucleotidela kendra bhaagaaniki pakkane unna moodu bays-paired kaandam untundi. konni minahaayimpulato, rakshita kendra sthaavaraalu, ribozyme yokka utpreraka kaaryakalaapaalaku avasaram. ituvanti hammer head ribozyme nirmaanaalu nimishaaniki sumaru 1 anuvu mariyu 10 nanomolar kramamlo oka kimmy turnover raetu (kcat) "inn vitro" nuu pradarsistaayi.
hammer head ribozyme anedi nissandehamgaa uttama-lakshanaalunna ribozyme. daani chinna parimaanam, puurtigaa parisoedhimchina cheelika rasayana shaastram, telisina sphatika nirmaanam mariyu daani jeevasambandhamaina auchityam, sutthi thala ribojaimnu rna utprerakam yokka praathamika swabhaavampai jeevarasaayana mariyu jeevabhouthika parisoedhanalaku baga saripotundi.
hammer head ribosimelu chikitsa agentluga mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchavachchu; rna sequencelanu biosensorluga, mariyu functional genomics mariyu janyu aavishkaranalo anuvartanaala kosam nirvachinche enjaimlugaa.
jaatula pampinhee.
pampinhee, viroids mariyu viral upagrahaala vanti rna mokkala vyadhikaaraka karakalalo modati hammer head ribosimelu kanugonabaddayi. oka samvatsaram taruvaata, neut janyuvula upagraha dnalo hammer head ribozyme kooda nivedinchabadindi. eee ribosymeku kotta udaaharanalu skistosomelu, guha cricketlu, "arabidopsis thaliana" vanti sambandham laeni jeevula janyuvulalo mariyu elukalu mariyu platypus vanti konni ksheeradaalalo kanugonabaddayi. kanugonabaddayi, hammer head ribozyme aneka rakaala bacteria mariyu eucarial janyuvulalo mariyu maanavulalo kooda sambhavistundani kanugonabadindi. ilanti nivedikalu eee pariseelanalanu dhruveekarinchi, vistarinchaayi, anni jeeva rajyalalo sarvavyaapta utpreraka rnaga hammer head ribosymnu aavishkarinchaayi.
chaalaa eucariotic hammer head ribosimelu retrogymelu anie piluvabade oka rakamaina chinna inter spursed retro elements (sains) kuu sambandhinchinavi, ivi chinna vruttaakaara arnluga vyakteekaristaayi. ayithe, anni amniyotla janyuvulalo asaadhaaranamaina samrakshinchabadina hammer heads samuuham kanipistundi. eee hammer head ribosimelu ribosimelu mariyu mariyu anie pilavabadevi) konni nirdishta janyuvula intraanlalo sambhavistaayi mariyu prii-marnah biosynthesis samayamlo samrakshinchabadina jeeva paatranu suuchistaayi. suuchistaayi, vividha jantuvula nundi vacchina vruttaakaara rna yokka navala hepatitis dii virus janyuvulu mokkala viroids mariyu viral upagrahaalalo unna vaatilaage hammer head raibojaimlanu encode chestayani kanugonabadindi. prapanchavyaaptamgaa deltavirus lanty agentla yokka bhaarii bioinformatic shodhana hammer head muulaamsaalanu mosukelle vruttaakaara rna janyuvula vandalaadi udaaharanalanu velikiteesindi, idhi eee ribozyme matrame kakunda raibojaimlatho kuudina chinna vruttaakaara rnalu jeevaavaranamlo sarvavyaapta anuvulu anie suuchistumdi. 
utprerakam yokka rasayana shaastram.
hammer head ribozyme chaalaa saralamaina rasayana praticharyanu nirvahistundi, dheeni phalitamgaa rna yokka uparitala strand vichchinnamavutundi, mukhyamgaa sea 17 vadda, cheelika-sait nucleotide. rna cheelikanu tarachugaa jalavisleshana anie pilustaaru, ayithe upayoginche yantraangam vaastavaaniki neetini jodinchadu. badulugaa, cheelika praticharya anedi kevalam oka isomerization, idhi anusandhaaninche phosphodiester bandham yokka punarvyavastheekarananu kaligi untundi. idhi chaalaa sait-nirdishtamainadi mariyu raetu 10,000 retlu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva vegavantam cheyabadindani tappa, yaadruchchika bays-madhyavartitva rna ksheenatatoo sambhavinche adhe praticharya, rasaayanikamgaa.
phosphodiester isomerization dwara cheelika.
cheelika praticharya anedi 2 '-oxygen nundi cheelika-sait ribos 2'-hydroxyl protan yokka sangraham dwara praarambhamayye phosphodiester isomerization praticharya, idhi appudu "inn-line" ledhaa nijamaina (pii) lanty praticharyalo daadi chese nucleophile avutundi, ayithe eee protan hammer head cheelika praticharya yokka rasayana dasaku mundu ledhaa samayamlo tolaginchabadindo ledho teliyadu. (cheelika praticharya saanketikamgaa dvimiteeya kaadu, conny nijamaina nijamaina (pii) praticharya chese vidhamgaane pravartistundi; idhi pentacoordinated oxyphosphrentho kuudina anubandha parivartana-sthithini yerparuchukunna taruvaata aakruteekarana yokka vilomaaniki lonavutundi.) daadi chese mariyu vadilivese samuuha oxygenlu rendoo trikonamiti bipyramidal parivartana-sthithi nirmaanamloo rendu aksha sthaanaalanu aakramistaayi, idhi idhi praticharya yantraamgaaniki avasaram.
5 '-utpatti, eee cheelika praticharya vidhanam phalitamgaa, 2', 3 '-chakriya fasfate terminusnu kaligi untundi, mariyu 3'-utpatti 5 '-oh terminusnu kaligi untundi, rna yokka nonengymatic alkaleen cheelika vale. anduvalla kattera fasfate oka phosphodiesterga migilipoyinanduna praticharya tirigi maarchadaginadi, anduvalla etipi ledhaa ilanti bahya shakti muulam avasaram lekunda hammer head rna-madhyavartitva bandham kosam uparitalamgaa panichestundi. hammer head ribozyme-utpreraka praticharya, rna yokka lanchanaprayamga okela unde naan-enzymatic alkaleen cheelikala kakunda, atyanta krama-nirdishta cheelika praticharya, idhi oka nirdishta hammer head ribozyme nirmaanam yokka kramaanni batti, nimishaaniki enjaim yokka anuvuku sumaru 1 anuvu uparitalam yokka turnover retutho 10 mimi mimi + loe pihech 7.5 vadda (kaneesa hammer head rna kramaniki "praamaanika praticharya paristhitulu" anie pilavabadevi). idhi rna yokka nonengymatic cheelika kante sumaru 10,000 retlu vruddhi retunu suuchistumdi.
dviguna loha ayanla avasaram.
anni ribosimelu modata metaalo-enjaimlugaa bhaavinchabaddaayi. mg2 + vanti dviguna loha ayanlu rendu paatralanu kaligi unnayani bhavincharu rna yokka saraina madatanu prothsahinchadam mariyu utpreraka kornu yerparuchukovadam. rna swayamgaa kriyaatmaka samoohaalalo taginanta vaividhyaanni kaligi lenanduna, proteinla gurinchi telisinatlugaa, loha ayanlu kriyaaseela pradaesamloe paatra poeshistaayani bhaavinchaaru. mg2 + ayan kosam pratipaadita vidhanam emitante magnitium dwara 2 '-oh samuuham yokka deprotonation.akwa.fasfate-cheelika pradaesamloe proo-aarr oxygentho bandhinchabadina hydroxy complexes, taruvaata kattera fasfate meeda 2 '-alcavaxide yokka nucleophilic daadi pentacoordinate fasfate intermediatnu yerparustundi. chivari dasha 5 'vadili vellae samuuham yokka nishkramana, idhi oka viloma aakruteekaranhatho 2', 3 '-chakriya phosphatenu istundi.
magnitium hydroxidetho samatulyatalo unde hexahydrated magnitium ayanlu, saadhaarana aamlam mariyu saadhaarana kshaara paatralanu pooshinchagalavani bhaavinchabadindi, idhi rnase a looni rendu histidinelu poeshinchae vatiki saaruupyatanu kaligi untundi. parivartana-sthithi yokka sthiravidyuth sthireekarana roopamlo dviguna loha ayanlaku adanapu paatra kooda pratipaadinchabadindi.
metaalo enjaim kaadu.
kaadu hammer head ribozyme, alaage verses ribozyme mariyu hair pinn ribozyme, utprerakam kosam loha ayanla uniki avasaram ledani kanugonabadindi, ayithe rna madavadaniki anumatinchadaaniki monovalent katayan yokka taginanta adhika saandrata untundi. eee aavishkarana rna, rasaayanikamgaa kriyaaseelamaina dvimiteeya loha ayanla bandham kosam jada, nishkriya paranjaga panicheyadam kante, utprerakam yokka rasayana saastramlo sannihitamgaa paalgontunnatlu suuchimchimdi. krinda vivarinchina taja nirmaanaatmaka phalitaalu, rendu asthira nucleotidelu, g12 mariyu g8, hammer head cheelika praticharyalo saadhaarana kshaara mariyu saadhaarana aamlamgaa paatralaku anugunamgaa unnayani nirdhaaristaayi.
khachitamgaa cheppalante, hammer head ribozyme metaalo-enjaim kakudadu.
praathamika mariyu dviteeya nirmaanam.
kaneesa ribozyme.
sweeya-cheelika praticharyaku avasaramaina kaneesa hammer head kramamlo sumaru 13 samrakshinchabadina ledhaa asthiramaina "core" nucleotidelu untaayi, veetilo ekkuva bhaagam canonical watson-crick bays-jatalanu roopondinchadamlo paalgonakapovacchu. core praantam kaandam I, II mariyu III latho chuttabadi untundi, ivi saadhaaranamgaa canonical watson-crick bays-jatalatho tayaaru cheyabadataayi, conny kramaniki sambandhinchi parimitam cheyabadavu. adhika mg2 + (~ 10 mimi), pH 7.5 mariyu 25 °C praamaanika praticharya paristhitulalo kaneesa hammer head ribosymela utpreraka turnover raetu ~ 1/nimisham (0.1/min nundi 10/nimisham varaku saadhaaranamgaa gamaninchabadutundi, idhi samrakshinchabadani shrenulu mariyu moodu helical kaandam yokka podavulanu batti untundi). hammer head ribosymlapy nirvahinchina prayogaatmaka paniloo ekkuva bhaagam kaneesa nirmaanaanni upayoginchindi.
rakam I, rakam II mariyu rakam III hammer head rna.
nirmanatmakamga hammer head ribozyme moodu bays jatha chesina helix thoo koodi untundi, ivi samrakshinchabadina sequencela yokka chinna linkarlatho vaeru cheyabadataayi. eee helix lanu i, II mariyu III anie pilustaaru. hammer head ribojaimlanu moodu rakaluga vargeekarinchavachhu, dheeni aadhaaramgaa helix 5 'mariyu 3' chivaralanu kanugonavacchu. eee kramamlo 5 'mariyu 3' chivaralanu kaandam kaandam dohadapadithe, adhi oka rakam I hammer head ribozyme, kaandam kaandam rakam II mariyu kaandam kaandam idhi oka rakam III hammer head ribozyme. moodu sambhaavya sthalavignaana rakaalalo, procariotes, eucariotes mariyu rna mokkala vyadhikaaraka kaarakaala janyuvulalo type I kanugonavacchu, ayithe type II procariotslo matrame vivarinchabadindi mariyu type III ekkuvagaa mokkalu, mokkala vyadhikaaraka karakalalo mariyu procariotslo kanipistundi.
puurti-podavu ribozyme.
puurti-nidivi hammer head ribozyme kaandam I mariyu II loe adanapu krama muulakaalanu kaligi untundi, ivi adanapu trutheeya parichayaalanu erpadataaniki anumatistaayi. trutheeya paraspara charyalu ribozyme yokka kriyaaseela nirmaanaanni sthireekaristaayi, phalitamgaa sambandhita kaneesa hammer head sequencela kante 1000 retlu ekkuva cheelika raetlu erpadataayi.
trutheeya nirmaanam.
kaneesa.
kaneesa hammer head ribojaimnu jeevarasaayana saastravettalu mariyu enjaimologistlu alaage ex-rae sphatika saastravettalu, nmr spectroscopistlu mariyu jeeva bhouthika saanketikatala yokka itara abhyaasakulu samagramgaa adhyayanam chesaaru. hammer head ribozyme kosam modati vivaranaatmaka trimiteeya nirmaana samacharam samacharam dna uparitala analog kuu kattubadi unna hammer head ribozyme yokka ex-rae christal nirmaanam roopamlo kanipinchindi, dheenini prakrutilo ply, flaherty mariyu meke prachurinchaaru. tadanantaram, 1995 praarambhamlo scott, finch mariyu clug inn sell aall-rna minimal hammer head ribozyme nirmaanaanni prachurinchaayi.
kaneesa hammer head ribozyme moodu bays jatha chesina heliklatho koodi untundi, christal nirmaanamloo chuupina vidhamgaa samrakshinchabadina kramam yokka chinna linkarlatho vaeru cheyabadutundi. eee helix lanu i, II mariyu III anie pilustaaru. samrakshinchabadina euridine-turn helix helix helix helix anusandhaanistundi mariyu saadhaaranamgaa kyuga kramaanni kaligi untundi. helix II mariyu III oka kramam gaa dwara anusandhaaninchabadi unnaayi. cheelika praticharya helix III mariyu i madhya jarugutundi, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa oka c.
puurti-nidivi gala ribozyme yokka nirmaanam kaandam II mariyu kaandam I loop madhya vistrutamaina paraspara charyalu unnayani choopistundi.
hatchet ribosimes vanti itara ribosymelalo ilanti nirmaanaalu gamaninchabadataayi.
nirmaanam-paniteeru.
kaneesa hammer head sequence yokka sphatikamlo hammer head ribozyme utprerakam yokka pariseelanalu unnappatikee, indulo christal latis packing parichayalu avasaram dwara moodu parshwa helical kaandam yokka dhoora terminal yokka prapancha sthaanaalanu parimitam chesaayi, parivartana-sthithi paraspara charyalanu mariyu utprerakam yokka rasayana saastraanni parisoedhinchadaaniki roopondinchina aneka jeevarasaayana prayogaalu christal nirmaanaalatoo rajipadaniviga kanipinchaayi.
udaaharanaku, kaneesa hammer head ribojaimloni asthira core avasheshaalu g5, g8, g12 mariyu c3 okkokkati chaalaa pelusugaa unnatlu gamaninchabaddaayi, eee nucleotidelalo deeninainaa oke exocyclic functional groupunu marchadam valla utpreraka charya natakeeyamgaa taggutundi ledhaa raddu avutundi, ayinappatikee veetilo konni utpatti nirmaanamloo G-5 paraspara charyatho paatu, edainaa kaneesa hammer head nirmaanaalalo eee nucleotide sthaavaraala yokka watson-crick mukhaalato kuudina hydrogen bandhaalanu yerparustaayi.
mukhyamgaa adbhutamaina mariyu iteevala gamaninchina udaaharanalo g8 mariyu g12 unnaayi, ivi assid/bays utprerakam loe palgone avakaasam unnatlu gurtinchabaddaayi. hammer head rnaku utprerakam kosam dviguna loha ayanlu avasaram ledani niroopinchabadina tarvaata, nishkriyaatmakamgaa bandhinchabadina dviguna loha ayanlu kakunda, hammer head ribozyme kriyaaseela pradaesamloe edainaa aamla-kshaara rasayana saastramlo rna neerugaa rasayana paatra pooshinchaalani kramamga spashtamaindi. ayithe, kaneesa hammer head ribozyme yokka asalu nirmaanaalanu batti, korlo mariyu mariyu deenni elaa saadhinchagalavo puurtigaa aspashtamgaa undhi.
itara aandolanalalo nmr lakshanaala samayamlo kooda gamaninchabadina cheelika hammer head ribozyme yokka nundi mariyu ayithe madhya noy unnaayi, idhi eee nucleotide sthaavaraalu okadaanikokati 6 kante daggaragaa cherukovalani suuchimchimdi, ayithe ayithe nundi nundi varaku daggaragaa cherukovadam christal nirmaanam nundi saadhyam kaadani anipinchindi. chivaraku, intakumundu charchinchinatlugaa, asalu nirmaanaalalo daadi chese nucleophile, c17 yokka 2 '-oh, prakkane unna kattera fasfetpai inn-line daadiki anukuulamgaa unde sthithilo ledhu.
bahusha chaalaa aandolanakaramainavi, double phosphorotheoate pratyaamnaayam mariyu saft metal ayan resque prayogaala aadhaaramgaa, parivartana sthithilo a-9 mariyu kattera phosphatelu okadaanikokati 4 Â lopala ravali anie suuchimchina prayogaalu; kaneesa hammer head christal nirmaanamloo eee phosphatel madhya dhooram sumaru 18 Â, kaandam II mariyu kaandam I a-roopam helixnu drudamaina vastuvulugaa pariganinchinatlayithe daggari vidhaanaaniki spashtamaina yantraangam ledhu. kalisi choosthe, eee phalitaalu kaneesa hammer head ribozyme nirmaanamloo parivartana-sthithini cherukovadaniki chaalaa pedda ettuna nirmaanaatmaka maarpu jarigi undavacchani suuchimchaayi.
eee kaaranaala valla, rendu rakaala prayogaalu (jeevarasaayana verses. sphatikasaastraparamgaa) asamaanatalo undatame kakunda, puurtigaa mariyu nissahayamgaa rajipadalenidiga kanipinchindi, idhi rangamlo gananeeyamaina mottamlo vibhedaalanu srushtinchindi. prayogaatmaka phalitaala samitini kottipaareyadaaniki etuvanti balavantapu aadharalu eppuduu vijayavantamgaa cheyabadaledu, ayinappatikee dheeniki viruddhamgaa aneka vaadanalu pratidaaniki anukuulamgaa cheyabaddaayi.
puurti nidivi.
nidivi puurti-podavu hammer head ribozyme yokka 2.2 Â spashtata gala sphatika nirmaanam pondabadindi. eee kotta nirmaanam (kudivaipuna choopabadindi) munupati vyatyaasaalalo atyanta aandolanakaramaina vaatini parishkarinchinatlu kanipistundi. mukhyamgaa, c17 ippudu inn-line daadi kosam unchabadindi, mariyu asthira avasheshaalu c3, g5, g8 mariyu g12 annee utpreranaku sambandhinchina mukhyamaina paraspara charyalalo paalgontunnatlu kanipistaayi. antekakunda, a9 mariyu kattera phosphatelu 4.3 kii vaerugaa unnatlu gamaninchabadindi, savarinchinappudu, eee phosphatelu oke theophilic loha ayaannu bandhinchagalavu anae aalochanaku anugunamgaa untaayi. rendu asthira avasheshaalu, zii-12 mariyu zii-8, assid/bays utprerakam loe gatamlo pratipaadinchina paatraku anugunamgaa kriyaaseela pradaesamloe elaa unchabadutunnayo kooda eee nirmaanam velladistundi. g12 anedi c17 yokka 2 '-o hydrogen bandham dhooramlo untundi, cheelika praticharyalo nucleophile mariyu vadilivese samuuham 5'-o kii g8 hydrogen bandhaala raiboj. (krinda chudandi), ayithe g8 yokka nucleotide bays asthira c3 thoo watson-crick jatanu yerparustundi. eee amarika cheelika praticharyalo g12 anedi saadhaarana bays anie suuchimchadaaniki anumatistundi, mariyu g8 munupati jeevarasaayana pariseelanalaku anugunamgaa saadhaarana aamlamgaa panicheyavacchu. c17 yokka furanos oxygentho g5 hydrogen bandhaalu, inn-line daadi kosam daanini unchadaaniki sahaayapadataayi. g8 mariyu c3 madhya bays-pair erpadatam phalitamgaa, u4 mariyu u7 ippudu vaati bays la madhya noo nuu sulabhamgaa vivarinche vidhamgaa unchabaddaayi.
puurti-podavu hammer head ribozyme yokka sphatika nirmaanam, tadwara kaneesa hammer head ribozyme yokka munupati sphatika nirmaanaalatoo raajeepadaleni anni pradhana samasyalanu spashtamgaa parishkaristundi.
nirmaanam mariyu utprerakam.
puurti-nidivi hammer head ribojaimloni trutheeya paraspara charyalu kriyaaseela kuurpugaa balamgaa kanipinche vaatini sthireekaristaayi. nucleophile, cheelika-sait nucleotide yokka 2 '-oxygen, c17, inn-line daadi (sn2 (p) praticharya) kosam daadaapu sampuurnamgaa samalekhanam cheyabadindi. g12 eee nucleophile yokka hydrogen bandham dhooramlo unchabadutundi, anduvalla g12 kooda deprotonate ayinatlayithe 2 '-oxygen nundi protaannu sangrahinchagaladu. g8 yokka 2 '-oh anedi 5'-vadilivese samuuha praanavaayuvuku hydrogen bandhaanni yerparustundi, anduvalla a1.1 yokka raiboj yokka 5 '-praanavaayuvupai pratikuula aavesam perukupotunnanduna protaannu sarafara cheyagaladu.
appudu chaalaa matuku vivarana emitante, deprotonated roopamlo g12 anedi saadhaarana ksharamu, mariyu g8 yokka raiboj anedi saadhaarana aamlam. hammer head ribozyme yokka spashtamaina kinetic pica 8.8 kaga, gwanosin yokka pica 9.5. hammer head utpreraka korlo korlo yokka pica 9.5 nundi 8.8 varaku kalavarapade avakaasam undhi; eee parikalpana prastutam teevramaina parisoedhanaku sambandhinchina amsam.
asthiramaina asthiramaina g8nii maarchinatlayithe, hammer head utprerakam raddu cheyabadutundi. ayithe, puurti-nidivi hammer headlo kanipinche kanipinche bays jatanu nirvahinche nirvahinche + + double-mutent chaalaa utpreraka karyakalapalanu punaruddharistundi. utpreranaku g8 yokka 2 '-oh kooda avasaram anie gamaninchabadindi; g8 nuu nuu thoo bharti cheyadam utprerakam retunu baga taggistundi, utpreraka yantraamgaaniki 2'-oh nijamgaa keelakamani suuchistumdi.
a9 mariyu kattera phosphatel daggaragaa chaeradaaniki adhika gaadata kaligina saanukuula charge avasaram. takkuva ionic balam vadda dviguna loha ayanlu avasaramavutaayani, conny adhika ekakaalika katayan saandratala vadda pampinhee cheyavachani pariseelanaku idhi bahusha muulam.
eee vidhamgaa pratispandanalo c17 nundi 2 '-protan yokka sangrahanam untundi, taruvaata prakkane unna fasfetpai nucleophilic daadi untundi. kattera bhaswaram mariyu 5 '-o vadili vellae samuuham madhya bandham vichchinnam kavadam prarambhamainappudu, g8 yokka raiboj nundi oka protan sarafara cheyabadutundi, idhi appudu sphatika nirmaanamloo hydrogen bandhaaniki gamaninchina neeti anuvu yokka vyayamtho tirigi pratiroopam avutundi.
chikitsa anuvartanaalu.
savarinchina hammer head raibojaimlanu chikitsa agentluga pareekshistunnaaru. utparivartana utparivartana mrnaku paripuurakaramaina shrenulanu kaligi unna synthetic rnalu mariyu hammer head utpreraka nirmaanaanni roopondinchadaaniki avasaramaina shrenulanu amyotrophic lateral sclerosisku saadhyamayye chikitsagaa adhyayanam chestunnaru. tii-kanaala hechaivi-nirodhaka panktulanu roopondinchadaaniki vaatini upayoginchavacchaa anie telusukovadaaniki kooda pani jarugutondi. savarinchina hammer head ribozyme adenoviruslu inn vitro mariyu inn vivo rendintiloonuu cancer chikitsalo saktivantamainavigaa chuupabaddaayi.
trans"-cleaving hammer head rebosimes yokka chikitsa upayogam daani takkuva-sthaayi kaaryaacharana "inn vivolo" valla teevramgaa debbatindi. trans"-cleaving hammer head rebosimes yokka nijamaina utpreraka saamarthyaanni "inn vivo" loe tirigi pondavacchu mariyu chikitsa utpannaalu itara nucleic assid hybridising chikitsa vyuuhaalanu puurti chese avakaasam undhi. ippatike clinical applicationku daggaragaa unde hammer head ribosimelu unnaayi.

