
kephalari (orgolis)

kephalari (greeku κεφαλάρι, "vasanta" ledhaa litt. "samruddhiga neeru pravahinchadam") anedi orgolisloni graamam mariyu community kephalari paeru. parvata praantaalalo aneka greeku gramalu, ikkada vasanta neeru samruddhiga undhi, vatiki ilanti paerlu unnaayi; eee vyaasam argalic gulph vadda "argos maidaanam", peloponnis yokka uttara sarihaddulo unna samajam gurinchi. eee graamam bhougolikamgaa mukhyamaina carst vasantam chuttoo abhivruddhi chendindi. puraanaalaloo mariyu puraatana greekula jeevitamlo eee vasantakaalam praamukhyata kaligi undhi mariyu nedu idhi sanaatana teerthayaatraku pradaesam.
charitra.
herculus thana rendava shrama samayamlo aadhunika mailoi (orgolis) loe lerni praantaaniki sameepamlo pouraanika rakshasudu hydra (λερναία ύδρα/lernaia hydra) nuu elaa tolaginchindo puraanaalu vivaristaayi. aaa taruvaata, herculus chain (orgolis) anae chinna parvatam paina hydra yokka pradhana talanu khananam chesindi mariyu appati nundi oka pedda bugga puttagoduguluga, argos prajalaku samruddhiga neetini andistundi. kephalari (κεφαλάρι) yokka vaastava ardham herculus mariyu hydra yokka pouraanika poraatam nundi teesukunna αwρω + κεφάλι (lift/cutt + head) padaala nundi vachindi. herculus hydra yokka talanu khananam chesina pradaesamgaa bhaavinchina puraatana hellenic praantaaniki mataparamaina pradaesamgaa kephalari bahusha sthaapinchabadindi, mariyu herculus yokka nirdishta sramaku sambandhinchi heraculus devata mariyu vanadevatalu ledhaa pamulu vanti chinna devatala aaraadhanaku sambandhinchina daani utsava paddhatulu. aaa taruvaata vividha mataparamaina pradaesaala sameepamlo oka graamam udbhavinchindi. kephalari puraatana nagara-raashtramaina orgoslo antarbhaagamgaa undedi. eee sthaavaram appudappudu mataparamaina prayojanaala kosam nivasinchinatlayithe ledhaa evarikainaa praathamika nivasamga unte puraavastu aadharalu chaalaa takkuvagaa ledhaa laevu.
taruvaata puraatana kaalamlo mariyu madhyayuga/byzantine kaalamlo kraistava matam haeraa aaraadhananu judochos pigi (jeevam ichhe founten, antey yesu talli, maerii) aaraadhanatho bharti chesindi. 337 nundi 13va sataabdam madhyakaalam varaku kephalari byzantine saamraajyaaniki chendinadi, 1204 AD loe 4va crusade phalitamgaa french mariyu italian nites mariyu kirai sainikulu peloponneesnu tama sontamgaa jayinche varaku. 15va sataabdamloo, ottoman turklu cree. sha. 1460loe peloponneesnu jayinche varaku kephalari mallee byzantine niyantranalo undhi.
16va mariyu 17va sataabdaalaloo, ottoman-venetian yuddhaala phalitamgaa peloponnis venis yokka nirmalamaina ganatantram mariyu ottoman saamrajyam madhya chetulu maarchukundi. appudu peloponnis 1715 AD loe ottoman chetulloki padi moreh yokka kanureppanu (elt morh, ilet-ii more) erpaatu chesindi. ottoman aakramana samayamlo, peloponnis (ledhaa moreh, sthaanikulu mariyu vidaeseeyulu vistrutamgaa telisinatlugaa) aardhikamgaa mariyu samajikamga abhivruddhi chendindi, mariyu aneka gramalu sthaapinchabaddaayi ledhaa tirigi sthaapinchabaddaayi; aaa swalpa kaalamlo abhivruddhi chendina vandalaadi gramalalo kephalari okati.
cree. sha. 1780loe, peloponnis banjaru bhoomiga maarchabadindi, dheeni phalitamgaa daani nivaasulu kephalaareeni vidichipettaru. vinaasakaramaina tirugubaatu taruvaata, daani puurva nivaasulu chaalaa mandhi arcadia ledhaa thoorpu orgolis kuu vellaaru, ivi parvata mariyu cherukoleni praantaalu. 1821loe greeku swaatantrya yuddham taruvaata, kephalari argos munisipaaliteeki chendina oka chinna graamam. 1880la chivaralo, maajee himsimchabadina graamastula ledhaa kottavaari vaarasulu ayina prajalu kephalarilo nivasinchadam praarambhinchaaru mariyu pasusamvardhaka, vyavasayam mariyu vastraala pempakam pradhana aadaaya vanarulugaa unna oka chinna abhivruddhi chendutunna samajanni srushtinchaaru. rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata, 1950la nundi 1970la varaku, greeku rashtram erpaatu chesina asaadhaaranamaina moulika sadupayalu mariyu aardhika charyala kaaranamgaa kephalari vyavasaya mariyu nirmaanaatmaka rangamtho paatu migilina peloponnis loe abhivruddhi chendindi.
aadhunika kephalari 1000 mandiki minchani graamam, mariyu idhi oka prasiddha vihara pradaesam. kephalari kooda sanaatana teerthayaatraku oka pradaesam mariyu pradhana selavudinam guruvaram naadu sanaatana eestar taruvaata jarupukuntaaru, eee samayamlo pedda utsavam untundi.
bhougolikam.
peloponnis dveepakalpamloni argos-mikins munisipaalitiiloo 577 mandhi nivaasitulatoe kephalari oka chinna samajam. argos, tadupari pedda nagaram mariyu municipality yokka sthaanam, sumaruga kephalari nundi undhi. ikkada, carbonate parvataalu mugise chota mariyu saaravantamaina "argos maidaanam" praarambhamayye chota, bhoogarbha jalamargala nundi pedda mottamlo neeru pedda carst vasantam nundi udbhavistundi. carst neeru erasinos nadiloe (puraatana kaalamlo oka nadhi devudu) samudram vaipu nee keos graamamlo orgolic gulph varaku pravahistundi. kephalari vasantapu avtlet godalu mariyu platanus chetla varusalatho roopondinchabadindi.
nadulu mariyu neeti buggalu anni samayaallo grease loe mukhyamaina paatra poeshinchaayi-puraatana greeku puraanaalaloo eee pradaesaalu devatala abhivyakti. baga samrakshinchabadina shaili fountainlu kendra binduvulu mariyu samaja jeevitam mariyu gurtimpuku muulaalu, mariyu ippatikee mukhyamgaa grease antataa graameena sampradaayamlo spashtamaina chihnalu. kephalarilo carst vasantaaniki sumaruga paina oka guha undhi, eee roeju alankarinchabadindi mariyu aasiirvadimchabadina kanya maereeki ankitam cheyabadindi. guha, vasanta ("judochos pigi"), mariyu oka sanaatana charchi "panagia caphalariotissa" aaraadhanaku kendramgaa marai. roman chakravartula naati punaadulatoe kuudina charchini 1835loe daani prastuta aadhipatya pradaesamloe punarnirminchaaru. nedu kephalari teerthayaatra sthalam, mukhyamgaa sameepamloni neos kosam.
graamaaniki paschimaana kephalari puraavastu pradaesam yokka pyramid undhi; greeslo pyramid raathi nirmaana avasheshaalatho rendu puraatana pradaesaalaloo okati, rendoo orgolislo unnaayi. kephalari pyramid oka punaadi kaligi undhi.
bhoogarbha shaastram mariyu jala bhoogarbha shaastram.
carst neeti buggalo ekkuva bhaagam, alaage argalic gulph daggara ledhaa neerugaa unna itara neeti buggalu, arcadic highland (pedda tripoli besin, orgaon pedian) mariyu corinthia mariyu orgolis (lake stimphalia, alia, orgolis/scotiny) yokka ettaina pradaesaalaloo unna ponors (grease loe καταβóθες) nundi udbhavistaayi. jala bhoogarbha saastramlo saadhaarana ghnaanam prakaram, parvata carst bhoomi yokka carst jalaalu paragamyam kaani avakshepaalu unna sarihaddula vadda uparitalaaniki udbhavistaayi-eee sandarbhamlo, saaravantamaina "argos maidaanam". avakshepaalu neeti avakshepana mariyu/ledhaa argalic gulph yokka neeti sthaayi (bhougolika kalalalo) dwara perigayi.
antarjaateeya saastravettala brundam nirvahinchina vistrutamaina bhougolika/jala bhoogarbha shaastra adhyayanam, vidyaasamsthalu, corinthia mariyu orgolis yokka vistarinchina bhuubhaagaala jala bhoogarbha nirmaanaalanu vislaeshimchimdi. ettaina praantaala moosivesina pareevaahaka praantaalalo apaaramaina sankhyalo catavothress (poners), lopaala yokka hydro-tectanical nirmaanaalu mapp cheyabaddaayi, ivi bhoogarbha jalamaargaalanu argalic gulph vaipu mallinchadaaniki anumatistaayi. argalic gulph vadda vividha neeti buggalaku pravahinche carst jalaala pampineeni vivaramgaa mapp chesaaru mariyu 1983 mariyu 1984loe aneka rasayana mariyu bhouthika rangu tracing pareekshala dwara maddatu icchaaru.
puraatana greekulaku nadulu mariyu neeti buggalu ellappuduu mukhyamaina paatra poeshinchaayi-pouraanikamgaa mariyu vaari rojuvaaree jeevitamlo-idhi aascharyam kaliginchadu, puraatana kaalamlone stimphalia sarassu mariyu vasanta kephalari madhya neeti sambandham oohinchabadindi. morphis mariyu modalaina vaati paina perkonna shaastreeya adhyayanam prakaram.all.kephalari kosam dye tracing pareekshalu scafidia yokka polje nundi vachhe neeti connectionnu dhruvikarinchayi (phenos-corintia-complexeku chendina oka chinna polje mariyu orgolis polje alia/skoteni nundi kephalariki vachhe neeti connection.
jalaantargaami carst vasantam (argalic gulph vadda daani atipedda utsargatho) saasvatamgaa pravahistundagaa, kephalari yokka vasanta utsarga chaalaa mariyu neel (podi kaalamlo) madhya maarutuu untundi. morphis adhyayanam prakaram, vasantaaniki paina unna guha "maajee carst sthaayiki anugunamgaa untundi". 1972loe oka goda panjaram dwara kiveri neeti bugganu sekarinchi, oka sii. eah. nii puurti chesina taruvaata. argos maidaanam" kosam 30 kilometres podavaina concreat neetipaarudala chaanal, kephalari yokka vasantaaniki "vasanta kivari nundi adanapu neeru vachindi. 1983 fibravari varaku vasanta neeru orgoslo taguneeti sarafaraagaa kooda panichesindi. neeti naanhyata takkuvagaa undatam valla idhi ikapai saadhyam kaadu.

