hohn learning

hohn learning (), ledhaa hohn school off classical philology, chainaalooni quing raajavamsam (1644-1912) madhyalo daani ettuku cherukunna oka medho udyamam. asalu confucian grandhaala adhyayanaaniki tirigi raavadaaniki nava-confucianismnu tiraskarinchadame udyamam yokka drushti.
prakruti mariyu muulaalu.
hohn abhyasam chivari ming raajavamsam yokka "saakshya vidvaamsudu" () udyamamtho praarambhamaindi, idhi paata raajavamsam (12va sataabdam) samayamlo udbhavinchina "paata neerchukoevadam" ledhaa neo-confucianism anie pilavabade vatiki vyatiraekamgaa pratispandanagaa undhi. nava-confucianism bouddha mariyu davoist prabhavalanu confucianist sampradaayamlo cherchindi, viswam yokka naitika swabhaavaanni nokki cheppe kotta vishwodbhava saastraanni pravesapettindi. nava-confucianism sang raajavamsam krinda confucian sampradaayamgaa sweekarinchabadindi mariyu daadaapu quing raajavamsam mugise varaku saamraajya pareekshaku aadharam ayyindi. 
confucius yokka nijamaina padaalanu dhruveekarinchadaaniki bhaashaashaastra paddhatulanu upayoginchadam dwara, vaastava classiclaku tirigi velladam dwara puraavastu panditulu neo-confucianism yokka aavishkaranalaku pratispandinchaaru. indulo vividha grandhaalanu chaalaa vivaramgaa polchadam jarigindi. hohn raajavamsam vyakhyaanaalu asalu grandhaalaku daggaragaa unnayani korinanduna eee vidya vidhananni "hohn learning" anie pilicheevaaru.
prabhavam perugudala.
ming raajavamsam patanam, quing raajavamsam perugudala eee bhaashaashaastra aalochana yokka abhivruddhilo oka pareevaahakamgaa nilichayi. saakshya vidvaamsula sampradaayamlooni panditulu "paatala abhyasam" yokka bhinnamaina mariyu aatmaasraya aadarsaalapai daadi chesaaru, idhi confucius yokka nijamaina bodhanalanu mosam chesindani, phalitamgaa ming aasthaanamlo ksheenata, vyaktivaadam mariyu vargavaadam erpadindi. idhi ming raajavamsam pathanaaniki kaaranamani aaropinchabadindi.
king kortu spaansar chesina aneka medho rachanalalo hohn abhyasa panditulu mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchaaru. vaaru "siku kwanshu" anae kianlong chakravartiche niyaminchabadina oka smaaraka encyclopedic prajectulo palgonnaru, indulo manassu, prakruti, prabhutvam mariyu maanavatvampai mottam chainees adhyayanala sekarana undhi. eee rachana neo-confucian sanaatana saastrampai drudhamgaa aadhaarapadinappatiki, connon yokka praamaanikatanu nirdhaarinchadaaniki saakshya panditula bhasha naipunhyam teesukobadindi. tatvavettala rachanalatho paatu nibandhanalu mariyu saasanaalapai ullekhanaalu mariyu saakshya scholarshipnu andinchadamlo hohn learning pradhana paatra pooshinchindi. 
paddenimidava sataabdam madhya natiki, hohn learning (yaan rook, huyy dang) pavitra classiclaloni vividha bhagalu vaastavaaniki hohn raajavamsam yokka nakileevi anie niroopinchaayi.
idhi bhaashaashaastra suukshmatatoe sambandham kaligi unnatlu kanipinchinappatikii, neo-confucianistlu mariyu hohn abhyasam yokka anucharula madhya charcha gananeeyamaina parinaamaalanu kaligi undhi, saamraajya rajyam yokka vishwodbhava aadhaaraalanu balaheenaparichindi, ayithe daani raajakeeya aadhipatyam kaadu. hohn abhyasam mariyu paatala abhyasam chivariki quing chivari kaalamlo kotta aalochanaa vidhanamgaa kalisipoyayi.
eee quing shakam punaruddharana udyamam khagola shaastram, bhaashaashaastram, ganitam, bhougolikam mariyu saanketikata vanti rangaalalo hetubaddhamaina mariyu aacharanaatmaka saakshya parisoedhanaku pilupunicchindi, idhi neo-confucianism yokka adhibhouthika oohaagaanaalanu edurkovataniki. eee panditulu saamraajya pareekshalanu kooda samskarinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru, avi paatavani vaaru vimarsinchaaru.
indulo palgonna panditulalo wang fuji, gu yaan vu, yaan yuvan, lii gaang, doy zen, duvan yukay, zee yun, jhang jewecheng, ruyan yuvan mariyu liao ping unnaaru. quing kaalam chivaralo, hohn learning, kaang yuveyi vanti aneka mandhi samskartalu mariyu viplavakaarulanu aakarshinchindi, vaaru chivariki raacharikavaadi ayyaru; thaan sitang teevramaina maanchu vyatiraeka vivaadavaadi; mariyu liu shipoy, bhaktudaina jaateeyavaadi, modata viplavakarudu mariyu araachakavaadi, taruvaata yuvan shikay maddatudaarudu. kui shu marinta munduku velli, hohn puurva confucianismnu tirigi pondhe prayatnamlo hohn abhyasanni tiraskarinchaadu.
raajakeeya karyakalapalu.
prakaram bii. ayithe, chaalaa mandhi abhyasa pratipaadakulu heshen yokka samuuhaaniki (1746-1799) vyatiraekamgaa palgonnaru, tadwara eee samuuhaanni raajakeeyam kaanidigaa vilakshanhamaina chitrananu punahpariseelinchaalani suuchimchaaru.
aushadham.
saamraajya kaalam chivaralo hohn abhyasam punaruddharanaku oka adbhutamaina samaantaramgaa hohn aushadham (japaanlo campo) abhivruddhi dwara andinchabadindi. hohn learning munupati moodu raajavamsaala medho dhoraniki vyatiraekamgaa nilabadinatle, hohn medicine anedi sang-ming medicine ("sareeram yokka neo-confucianisation" anie pilavabade) pramaanaaniki vyatiraekamgaa pratispandana. 

