
memu chaalaa kashtapaddamu

umkhonto vii sizwe (, "desham yokka eete"; sankshiptamgaa emm. keey) african national congress (ensi) yokka paramilitary vibhagam, mariyu dheenini sharpville oochakotha nepathyamlo nelson mandela sthaapinchaaru. daani lakshyam dakshinaafrikaa prabhutvaaniki vyatiraekamgaa poradatam.
prabhutvam rajyanga samskaranala disagaa charyalu teesukokapothe, raajakeeya hakkulanu penchakapothe prabhutvam erpaatu chesina ugravaada charyalanu nirodhinchaalane uddesam undani 1961 juunloo dakshinaafrikaa prabhutvaanni heccharinchina taruvaata, 1961 december 16naa prabhutva sthaapanalapai modati daadulanu praarambhinchindi. taruvaata dheenini dakshinaafrikaa prabhutvam ugravaada samsthagaa vargeekarinchindi, nishedhinchindi.
kontakaalam dheeni pradhana karyalayam rivonialo undedi, appudu graameena, conny ippudu johannesburg yokka sampanna shivaaru praantam. 1963 juulai 11naa, 19 anc mariyu umkhonto vii siz vae nayakulu, orther goldreach mariyu walter sisulutho sahaa, revonialoni lillies leaf faamlo arrestu cheyabaddaaru. orther goldreach yaajamaanyamloni eee vyavasaya kshetraanni dakshinaafrikaa communistu party, anc nidhulatho konugolu chesaaru, endukante swethajaatheeyulu kaani vaaru group arias act kinda aaa praantamloo aastini kaligi undalekapoyaru. dheeni taruvaata rivonia vichaarana jarigindi, dheenilo "himsaatmaka viplavanni prerepinchadaaniki" roopondinchina 221 ugravaada charyalaku sambandhinchi 10 mandhi nayakulanu vichaarinchaaru. aaa samayamlo umkhonto vii sizwe adhipati wilton makwey vichaarana samayamlo tappinchukunnadu.
varnavivakshanu antam cheyadaaniki jarigina charchala samayamlo saayudha poraatam intaku mundu nilipiveyabadinappatiki, 1993 december 16naa goutengloni sovetoloni orlaando stadiumlo jarigina vedukalo eee samstha adhikarikamga raddu cheyabadindi.
erpaatuku preranalu.
nelson mandela prakaram, umkhonto vii sizwe vyavasthaapaka sabhyulandaruu, athanitho sahaa, kooda anclo sabhyulu. mandela thana prasiddha "ii yaam redi tuu dye" prasangamlo umkhonto vii sizwe erpadataaniki daariteesina preranalanu vivarinchaaruh
1961 juun praarambhamlo, dakshinaafrikaa paristhitini sudeerghamgaa, aandolanato anchanaa vesina taruvaata, neenu, kontamandi sahacharulu, eee desamlo himsa anivaryam kabatti, prabhutvam mana saantiyuta demandlanu balavantamgaa neraverchina samayamlo shanti, ahimsa bodhinchadam konasaginchadam african nayakulaku avaastavikam, tappu anie nirdhaaranaku vacchaaru.
eee nirdhaaranaku ravadam antha teelika kaadu. migatavanni viphalamainappudu, saantiyuta nirasana yokka anni margalu maaku nishedhinchabadinappudu, himsaatmaka raajakeeya poraata roopaalanu praarambhinchadaaniki mariyu umkhonto vii siz vaenu erpaatu cheyadaaniki nirnayam teesukunnaru. memu alanti marganni korukunnanduna alaa cheyaledu, conny prabhutvam maaku vaerae maargam lekunda vadilesinanduna matrame chesaamu. 1961 december 16naa prachurinchabadina umkhonto manifestolo, idhi exhibit yaad, memu ilaa cheppamu
yea desamloonainaa rendu empikalu matrame migili unna samayam vastundi-longipovadam ledhaa poradatam. aaa samayam ippudu dakshinaafrikaaku vachindi. mana prajala rakshanalo, mana bhavishyattunu, mana swechhanu kapadukovadamlo mana saktitoe anni vidhaluga edurudaadi cheyadam tappa manaku longipovadam ledhu, vaerae maargam ledhu.
modatidi, prabhutva vidhanam phalitamgaa, african prajala himsa anivaryam ayindani, mana prajala bhavalanu maarganirdesam cheyadaaniki, niyantrinchadaaniki baadhyataayutamaina naayakatvam ivvakapothe, ugravaadam vyaapti chendutundani, idhi yuddham dwara kooda utpatti kaani eee desamloni vividha jaatula madhya chedhu mariyu satrutvam yokka teevratanu utpatti chestundani memu viswasinchaamu. rendavadi, himsa lekunda african prajalu swethajaatheeyula aadhipatya suutraaniki vyatiraekamgaa vaari poraatamlo vijayam saadhinchadaaniki maargam ledani memu bhaavinchaamu. eee suutraaniki vyatiraekatanu vyaktam cheyadaaniki anni chattabaddhamaina paddhatulu chattam dwara moosiveyabaddaayi, mariyu memu heenatvaanni saasvatamgaa angeekarinchavalasina sthithilo unchabaddamu, ledhaa prabhutvaanni swaadheenam chesukovalasi vachindi. memu chattanni dhikkarinchaalani nirnayinchukunnamu. himsaku etuvanti aasrayaanni nivaarinche vidhamgaa memu modata chattanni ullanghinchaamu; eee roopaaniki vyatiraekamgaa chattam chesinappudu, aapai prabhutvam thana vidhaanaalaku vyatiraekatanu anachiveyadaaniki balaprayogaanni aasrayinchinappudu, appudu matrame memu himsatho samadhanam cheppalani nirnayinchukunnamu.
mandela thana vichaaranalo prosecution pradarsanaa prakatanaga samarpinchina manifestolo eee prakatanalu unnaih 
mana manushulu aayudhalu, sikshana pondina swaatantyra samarayodhulu, ugravaadulu kaadu.
memu prajaswamyam kosam poradutunnam-majority paalana-aafrikaanu paalinche aafrikanla hakku. prajalandarikee shanti, samarasyam, samaana hakkulu unde dakshinaafrikaa kosam memu poradutunnam. tellajati anachivetadaarula maadirigaa memu jaatyahankaarulu kaadu. african national congress mana desamlo nivasinche prati okkariki swechcha sandesaanni kaligi undhi.
power pilance vanti kathinamaina lakshyalaku vyatiraekamgaa matrame charya teesukovadam mariyu etuvanti gaayam ledhaa praananastaanni nivaarinchadam dheeni lakshyam.
samsthaagata aadhesha nirmaanam (1961-1964).
samsthanu erpaatu cheyaalani nirnayam teesukovadam (juun) mariyu modati vidhvamsaka charyalu (december) madhya aaru ledhaa anthakante ekkuva nelallo, enke hye command pradhana kendraalalo praantiiya aadesaalanu erpaatu chesindi. eee aadeshaalalo bhaagam kaavadaaniki empika cheyabadina vyaktulu avasaramaina saanketika ledhaa sainika naipunyaalu kaligi unnanduna ledhaa vaaru congress kootami samsthalalo sabhyulu kabatti empika cheyabaddaaru.
desheeya pracharam.
1960-70la madhya.
1961 juunloo, mandela dakshinaafrikaa vaartaapatrikalaku oka lekha pampaaru, prabhutvam jaateeya rajyanga samavesaniki pilupunichenduku angeekarinchakapothe vidhvamsaka pracharam praarambhistaamani prabhutvaanni heccharinchindi. 1961 december 16naa praarambhamaina umkhonto vii siz vae, daani nayakudiga mandelaatho, prabhutva lakshyalapai bambu daadulatoe praarambhinchabadindi mariyu gerilla yuddham kosam pranaalika cheyabadindi. eee pracharam yokka modati lakshyam vidyut sub station. taruvaati paddenimidellalo itara vidhvamsaka charyalanu chepattamu. marinni vidhvamsaka charyalu chepattamani, rivonia vichaaranalo ninditulapai mottam 193 vidhvamsaka charyalaku paalpadinatlu abhiyogaalu mopabadatayani prabhutvam aaropinchindi. eee vidhvamsaka charyalo prabhutva postulu, yantraalu, vidyut soukaryaalapai daadulu, pantalanu tagalabettadam vantivi unnaayi.
sainika dandayaatranu praarambhinchae anc yokka saadhyatapai anclo abhiprayalu vibhajinchabaddaayi mariyu eee kaaranamgaa enke ventane tananu taanu anctho bahirangamgaa anubandhinchukoledu. prarambha daadulu "vaari saralata dwara vargeekarinchabaddaayi": aafrikanla sainika sikshana lekapovadam mariyu rendava prapancha yuddham nundi chaalaa sandarbhaalalo swethajaatheeyulu sevanu chudaledu anae vaastavaanni pratibimbistumdi. vichaarana lekunda nirbandham mariyu samsthalanu nishedhinchadaaniki aparimita adhikaranni anumatinche chattaalatho mariyu sainika mariyu poura nigha samsthalanu sthaapinchadam dwara kooda rashtram pratispandinchindi.
1962loe, mandala eee samuuhaaniki antarjaateeya maddatu pondadaaniki algeria, eejipt mariyu ghaana vellaaru. dakshinaafrikaaku tirigi vacchina taruvaata, jooe slovo vaaru "[mandeelaanu] africaku oka kamyoonistuni pampaarani, athanu oka african jatiyavadiga tirigi vacchaadani" firyadu chesinatlu samacharam.
december 1962loe, luxmart ngadil mariyu denis goldberg cape town velupala mamre vadda nirvahinchina sikshanaa sibiraanni nirvahinchadaaniki sahayam chesaaru, taruvaata idhi dakshinaafrikaalo modati enke sikshanaa kendramgaa gurtinchabadindi; ayithe bhadrata pooliisula aasakti kaaranamgaa dheenini mundugaane vidichipettavalasi vachindi.
rahasya sainika pani yokka avasaraalatoe parichayam lekapovadam mariyu nayakuluga unnata sthaayi vyaktulapai (mandela vantivi) aadharapadatam 1962 chivarilo johannesburg velupala vaari rivonia pradhana karyalayamlo samstha naayakatvaanni swaadheenam chesukogala dakshinaafrikaa rashtra saamardhyaaniki dohadapadindi taruvaati dasaabdam paatu dakshinaafrikaalo enkeni samarthavantamgaa tatastheekarinchadam. ayithe, aaa samstha tananu taanu sthaapinchukundi-mariyu daani mukhya sambandham anclo kramasikshanhatho kuudina bhaagamgaa-mariyu adrushyam kaaledu.
1970la praarambhamlo sainika rangamtho sahaa aneka vidhaluga ancki takkuva sthaayiga undedi. dakshinaafrikaalo umkhonto vii sizvenu punarnirminche prayatnaala phalitamgaa aneka nashtalu sambhavinchaayi, ayithe, sainika charitra patrika paerkonnatlugaa, criss honeytho sahaa kontamandi sabhyulu ekkuva kaalam gurtinchabadakunda undagaligaaru. intalo, enke kedarlaku algeria, eejipt mariyu soviet union mariyu itara communist-block deshaalalo perugutunna sainika sikshanaa avakaasaalu andubaatulo unnaayi.
1976 naati soveto tirugubaatu nallajati yuvakulu mariyu mahilala pedda sankhyalo valasa velladaaniki daariteesindi. varnavivaksha paalanapai tirigi daadi cheyadaaniki aatrutagaa, vaaru sainika sikshana pondadaaniki sarihaddu daati rodeshiyaaku vellaaru. memu oka sainyanni punarnirminchagaligaamu-idhi sussolberg vadda unna suddhi karmagaralu vanti pratishtaatmaka lakshyalapai daadi cheyagala saamarthyam kaligi undhi.
1977 fibravari 24naa, daveton police stationlo bambu paeladamtoe uparitala nashtam matrame jarigindi. december 14naa gerillalu germiston police stationpy daadi chestaaru. marchi 10,1978naa, port elizabeth looni baantu vyavahaaraala bhavanam karyalayala velupala bambu paeladamtoe oka pourudu maraninchagaa, maroe mugguru gayapaddaru. aagashtu 21,1978naa, b. mayeja, darbanloni umlajilo sibbandini kalchi champaru. 1978 december 9naa, oka paeludu parikaram paeladamtoe pradhana paripalana bhavanam teevramgaa debbatindi.
janavari 14naa, eduguru sabhyulu jeerust sameepamlo saapto gharshanaku digi, oka sabhyudini bandhinchaaru, marikondaru botswana sarihaddu meedugaa tappinchukunnaaru. janavari 23naa, goutengloni nyuu kenada sameepamlo oka paeludu railvenu debbateesindi. marusati roeju, fort beaufort mariyu king williamstowne, thoorpu cape madhya linelo pedda mottamlo paeludu padaarthaalu kanugoni nirveeryam cheyabaddaayi. fibravarilo, pooliisu pratyeka saakha sabhyudu sargent benzin letlaco katlehanglo kalchi champabaddadu. april 15naa, soveto sameepamloni railway linelo oka merugaina parikaram kanugonabadindi mariyu nirveeryam cheyabadindi. mae 5naa, moroka police stationlo gerillalu kaalpulu jaripi, okaru maraninchaaru, maroe mugguru pooliisulu, mugguru pourulu gayapaddaru. aaa taruvaata, thoorpu transvalloni railwaylo paeludu padaartham kanugonabadindi. november 15naa, enke sabhyulu orlaando saap stationpy daadi chesi, iddaru adhikaarulanu champi, maroe iddarini gaayaparichaaru. adhe roeju, leftinent mageji nagobeni intipai grenadelatho daadi chesi, adhikari aiduguru bandhuvulu gayapaddaru. marusati nelaloo, paelulla kaaranamgaa thoorpu cape looni alis sameepamlo oka railway debbatindi.
dasaabdamloo modati daadulu.
janavari 4naa, morebeng saap stationpy paeludu parikaram daadi chesi, oka adhikari gayapaddadu. konni rojula taruvaata, enke sabhyulu pretorialoni oka byaankulo 25 mandhi bandeelanu teesukunnaru, bhadrata dalaalu mariyu enke sabhyula madhya tadupari gharshanalo aiduguru maraninchaaru (mugguru daadi chesinavaaru), mariyu sumaru. 20 mandhi gayapaddaru. maarchilo, bofutatswanalo iddaru adhikaarulanu enke kalchi champaru.
1980 juunloo, enke sabhyulu booysense police stationpy daadi chesi, iddaru adhikaarulanu gaayaparichaaru. 2000loe, satyam mariyu sayodhya commission (trc) yokka kshamabhiksha kamitee eee daadiki kshamabhikshanu manjuru chesindi. mae 31-juun raatri, enke sabhyulu kaayil-mokkala nundi rendu sasol noonepai daadi chesi, mukhyamaina padaarthaala nashtanni migilchindi.
1983: charchi veedhi bambu daadi.
1983loe, vaimanika dalam pradhana karyalayam sameepamlo pretorialo charchi veedhi bambu paeludu sambhavinchindi, phalitamgaa 19 mandhi maraninchaaru mariyu 217 mandhi gayapaddaru.
1985: amanjimtoti bambu daadi.
1985loe natal dakshina teeramlo jarigina amanjimtoti bambu daadiloo, umkhonto vii sizwe cader mariyu bru sibusiso jondo chrismus kii kontakaalam mundu oka shopping center vadda chettha dabbaalo paeludu padaarthaanni pelchinappudu aiduguru pourulu maraninchaaru mariyu 40 mandhi gayapaddaru. trooth und sayodhya commission (trc) kuu samarpinchina oka samarpanalo, lessotholo iteevala jarigina dakshinaafrikaa rakshana dalaala daadiki pratispandanagaa jondo charya "ardhamayyedi" ayinappatikee, idhi anc vidhaanaaniki anugunamgaa ledani anc perkondi. 1986loe jando amalu cheyabadindi.
1986: durban beach-front bambu daadi.
1986 durban beach-front bambu daadiloo, oka baarlo bambu paelchi, mugguru pourulu maraninchaaru mariyu 69 mandhi gayapaddaru. robbert mcbrideku eee bambu daadiki maranasiksha vidhinchabadindi, idhi "magus baar bambu daadi" gaa prasiddhi chendindi. mcbride kshamabhiksha pondhi senior pooliisu adhikari ayyadu.
1987: johannesburg bambu paelullu.
1987loe, johannesburg kortu velupala jarigina paeluduloe mugguru pooliisu adhikarulu maraninchaaru, maroe 15 mandhi gayapaddaru; munupati samvatsaram nucosil looni oka kortu paie idhe vidhamgaa daadi jarigindi, 24 mandhi gayapaddaru. 1987loe kooda, johannesburg looni sainika command center vadda bambu paeludu sambhavinchindi, oka vyakti maraninchaadu mariyu 68 mandhi sibbandi gayapaddaru.
itara bambu daadulu.
1988loe ruud portloni oka byaankutoe sahaa palu saft lakshyalapai daadulatoe saayudha poraatam konasaagindi, indulo naluguru pourulu maraninchaaru mariyu 18 mandhi gayapaddaru. 1988loe kooda magistrate kortu velupala jarigina bambu daadiloo mugguru maraninchaaru. johannesburgloni ellis park rugby stadiumlo kaaru bambu paeluduloe iddaru mruthi chendagaa, 37 mandhi pourulu gayapaddaru. 1980la chivaralo wimpy baarlu mariyu suupar marketlatho sahaa restaurantlu mariyu faast phud avtletla vadda aneka bambulu sambhavinchaayi, chaalaa mandhi maraninchaaru mariyu gayapaddaru. vaari restaurantla nundi swethajaatheeyulu kaanivaarini minahaayinchadamtho sahaa aneka varnavivaksha chattalanu kathinamgaa amalu chesinatlu grahinchinanduna vimpeelu pratyaekamgaa lakshyamgaa chesukunnaru.
1985-1987: land maine pracharam.
1985 nundi 1987 varaku, appati uttara transwall loe graameena rahadaarulapai tanku nirodhaka ganulanu unchadaaniki kooda pracharam jarigindi. mukhyamgaa nallajati kaarmikulalo adhika sankhyalo pourula maranaalu sambhavinchadam valla eee vyuuham raddu cheyabadindi. 30 land maine paelulla phalitamgaa 23 mandhi maraninchaarani, prabhutvam 57 paelulla sankhyanu samarpinchagaa, phalitamgaa 25 mandhi maraninchaarani anc anchanaa vesindi.
satyam mariyu sayodhya commission yokka phalitaalu.
satyam mariyu sayodhya commission umkhonto vii sizwe dwara himsanu upayoginchadam "nityakrutyam" anie kanugondi, alaage aank nirbandha shibiraalalo "tagina prakriya lekunda" maranasikshalu vidhinchabaddaayi. idhi mukhyamgaa 1979-1989 kaalamlo vartinchindi, ayithe himsa anedi adhikaarika anc vidhanam kaadu. idhi durban bambu daadini "maanava hakkula ghora ullanghana" gaa perkondi.
sangharshana samayamlo, geniva protokaallanu ullanghinchinappatiki, sthuula maanava hakkula ullanghanalaku baadhyata vahinchindi" anie kooda trc thana nivedikalo perkondi...[dakshinaafrikaa] sangharshanaku moodu pradhana paarteelalo, geniva protocols yokka siddhaantaalanu paatinchadaaniki mariyu pradhanamgaa, antarjaateeya manavata chattaniki anugunamgaa saayudha poraataanni nirvahinchadaaniki matrame aank kattubadi undhi.
videshee sainika karyakalapalu.
angola.
1969 janavarilo, angola (emm. pii. ell. yea) vimukti kosam praja udyamaaniki aank thana sangheebhaavaanni prakatinchindi mariyu aaa paarteetho sannihita sainika sambandhaalanu konasaaginchindi, appudu angolan swaatantrya yuddhamlo paalgondi. tama tama deshaala communistu paarteela dwara soviet uniontho panchukunna sambandhaala kaaranamgaa rendu udyamaalu aacharanaatmaka, saiddhaantika snehamgaa marai. africa-asea prajala sangheebhaavam samstha mariyu prapancha shanti mandali nirvahinchina dakshina africa mariyu portugees kaalaneela poraata prajalaku sangheebhaavam telipe modati antarjaateeya samavesamlo, mpla mariyu ensi nairuti african peeples organization (swapo), zimbabwe african peeples union (jaapu) mariyu ginia mariyu cape varde (paigki) swaatantryam kosam african paarteetho kalisi adhikaarika sainika kootami loki pravesinchaayi. idhi khartoom kuutamigaa prasiddhi chendindi.
1970la madhyalo angolan swaatantramtho anc-mpla kootami kotta praamukhyatanu santarinchukundi. cuban maddatutoe adhikaranni ekikrutam chesina taruvaata, mpla angolaalo sikshanaa soukaryaalanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki enke anumatini manjuru chesindi. angolaaloni praadhamika enke sthaavaram novo catengue vadda undhi, ikkada 500 mandhi varaku niyaamakaalaku cuba sainika salahaadaarulache sikshana ivvabadindi. 1976 mariyu 1979 madhya, 1,000 millionlaku paiga gerillalaku novo catenguelo sikshana icchaaru. sikshanaa karyakramanni paryaveekshinchadamloo cuba paatraku gurtimpugaa, sekarinchina moodava enke intekku "moncada detachment" anie paeru pettaru. angola antataa aneka chinna enke sikshanaa sibiraalu kooda erpaatu cheyabaddaayi, avi quibox vadda. cubatho paatu, soviet union kooda olivar tambo abhyardhana meraku kontamandi bodhakulanu andinchindi; 1976 mariyu 1991 madhyakaalamlo, 200 mandhi soviet sainika sibbandi angolaaloni vividha enke shibiraallo sikshanaa sibbandigaa panicheesaaru.
angolaalo anc mariyu enke uniki swapo mariyu daani swantha saayudha vibhagam, peeples liberation armi off namibia (plaan) thoo daani kuutamini tirigi prerepinchindi. pranaalika mariyu enke tarachugaa angolaalo soukaryaalanu panchukuntaaru mariyu sarafara mariyu yuddha samagri ravaanaanu samanvayam chestaaru.
1984loe, enke yokka angolan shibiraalalo varusa tirugubaatlu jarigaayi, veetini ency yokka antargata bhadrata seva "embokodo" anachivesindi. eee samayamlo, vidhvamsaka ledhaa aviswaasaaniki paalpadinatlu anumaaninchina aneka mandhi enke asammativaadulanu aank nirbandhinchi uriteesaaru. oka sandarbhamlo tirugubaatudaarulu anc sabhyulanu champaru mariyu tirugubaatu anachiveyabadina taruvaata eduguru tirugubaatudaarulanu uriteesaaru (oliver tambo vyaktigata jokyam tarvaata matrame tadupari maranasikshalu nilipiveyabaddaayi).
angolaalo enke uniki anivaryamgaa angolan antaryuddhamlo chikkukundi. 1983 augustulo, kibashe sameepamlo angola (unita) tirugubaatudaarula puurti swaatantryam kosam jaateeya unionku vyatiraekamgaa oka enke betalian moharinchabadindi. 1986loe, operation alfa sentauri samayamlo fapla venuka praantaalanu kaapaadataaniki kottagaa sikshana pondina enke recruitla moodu betalianlanu moharinchaaru. operation hooper mariyu operation packer samayamlo ummadi dakshinaafrikaa mariyu unita dandayaatra dalaaniki vyatiraekamgaa poraadutunna cuto kuwanawale yuddhamlo kooda enke palgonnadu. cuto kuwanawale yuddhamlo kaneesam 100 enke kaaryakartalu maraninchaaru, idhi enke charitralo atipedda okka praananashtam kaavadamtho, aaa nischitaarthaaniki apaaramaina sanketha praamukhyata undhi. antekakunda, saampradaaya yuddhamlo palgonadam dwara mariyu dakshinaafrikaa sainika dalaanni neerugaa edurkovadaniki spashtamaina sumukhatato dakshinaafrikaalo enke pratishta baga perigindi.
rhodesia (zimbabwe).
rhodesian bush yuddham samayamlo, emm. keey. japu yokka saayudha vibhaagamaina zimbabwe peeples revolutionary armi (jipra) thoo sannihitamgaa anubandham kaligi undhi. dakshinaafrikaalooni thana yodhulaku saamaagrini akramamga ravana cheyadaaniki jipra chorabatla maargaalanu upayoginchadampai enke aasakti kanabarichindi, 1967 augustulo jipra thoo kalisi samyukta yaatranu nirvahinchindi. operation nickel samayamlo samyukta enke-jipra dalaanni rhodesian bhadrata dalaalu ekkuvagaa tolaginchaayi, praanaalatoe bayatapadina vaarini sarihaddu daati botswana, jambialoki tarimikottaaru. charitrakaarudu rock villiams anchanaa prakaram, emm. keey. mariyu jipra "clishta paristhitulalo baga poraadaaru" mariyu chorabaatlu viphalamainappatiki, rhodesian adhikarulu vaatini edurkovadaniki dakshinaafrikaa nundi rahasya sainika sahayampai aadhaarapadavalasi vachindi.
jipraato enke pottu gurinchi, olivar tambo ilaa perkonnaduh "maaku japutho sannihita raajakeeya sambandhaalu unnaayi, ivi sainika sthaayilo sambandhaalugaa abhivruddhi chendaayi, memu kalisi porade sthithilo unde varaku. eee sannihita kootami vimukti udyamamlo gurthunchukodagina modatidi. intaku mundennadoo vividha bhuubhaagaala nundi vacchina swaatantyra samarayodhulu poraatam cheyaledu."
pramukha sabhyulu.
saha vyavasthaapakudu nelson mandelaatho paatu, pramukha sabhyulalo
maranaala sankhya.
dakshina africa pooliisu ganaamkaalu 1976 nundi 1986 madhya kaalamlo sumaru 130 mandhi gerillalu champabaddaarani suuchistunnaayi. veerilo sumaru muppai mandhi vividha bhadrata dalaalaku chendinavaaru, vanda mandhi pourulu unnaaru. pourulalo 40 mandhi tellavaaru, 60 mandhi nallajaateeyulu unnaaru.
pratigaa, sadf sarihaddu daadulaloo sumaru 11 + anc sabhyulu maraninchaaru.
avaardulu.
eee krindi patakaalu mariyu avaardulu, konni post-nominal birudulatoe, puurvanirdharitamgaa nirvachinchabaddaayi mariyu enke sabhyulaku pradaanam cheyabaddayi

