
jaathi vibhajana

jaathi vibhajana antey rojuvaaree jeevitamlo prajalanu jaathi ledhaa itara jaathi samuhaluga vaeru cheyadam. jaathi vibhajana anedi 2002 naati antarjaateeya naera nyayasthaanam yokka rome declaration off statute prakaram varnavivaksha yokka antarjaateeya neeraaniki mariyu maanavatvaaniki vyatiraekamgaa neeraaniki samanam. vibhajanalo jaatula praadaesika vibhajana, mariyu vividha jaatula prajalu paatasaalalu mariyu aasupatrulu vanti vividha samsthalanu tappanisarigaa upayoginchadam vantivi untaayi. pratyaekamgaa, restaurantlalo tinadam, neeti fountainla nundi traagadam, public toiletlanu upayoginchadam, paatasaalalaku velladam, sinimaalaku velladam, bassullo prayaaninchadam, illanu addeku teesukovadam ledhaa konugolu cheyadam ledhaa hotel gadulanu addeku teesukovadam vanti kaaryakalaapaalaku idhi vartinchavachhu. adanamgaa, vibhajana tarachugaa kramaanugata paristhitulalo vividha jaathi ledhaa jaathi samuuhaala sabhyula madhya sannihita sambandhaanni anumatistundi, udaaharanaku oka jaatiki chendina vyaktini maroka jaatiki chendina sabhyudiga panicheyadaaniki anumatinchadam.
jatyahankaram mariyu asahananiki vyatiraekamgaa european commission vibajananu "vivaksha yokka pratipaadita nirvachanaaniki anugunamgaa, oka (sahaja ledhaa chattaparamaina) vyakti oka lakshyam mariyu sahetukamaina samarthana lekunda lekkinchina praatipadikana itara vyaktulanu vaeru chese charya" gaa nirvachinchindi. phalitamgaa, lekkinchina kaaranaalalo okadaani aadhaaramgaa itarula nundi tananu taanu vaeru chesukune swachchanda charya vibajananu suuchimchadu. minority samasyalapai un forum prakaram, "atuvanti taragatulu mariyu paatasaalalaku ketayimpu swachchanda swabhaavam kaligi unte, minority bhaashalalo vidyanu andinche taragatulu mariyu paatasaalala srushti mariyu abhivruddhini anumatinchani vibhajanaga pariganinchakudadu."
jaathi vibhajana saadhaaranamgaa prapanchavyaaptamgaa nishedhinchabadindi. saadhaaranamgaa, vividha jaatula sabhyulu tama sonta jaathi sabhyulatho parasparam anubandhinchadaaniki mariyu vyaparam cheyadaaniki ishtapade paristhiti talettutundi, saadhaaranamgaa "vibhajana" kante jaatula "vibhajana" ledhaa "vaastava vibhajana" gaa varninchabadutundi.
puraatana kaalam nundi 1960la varaku chaaritraka kesulu.
bahula jaathi sanghaalu unna chota, jaathi vibhajana kooda aacharinchabadindi. hawai mariyu brazil vanti vistrutamaina jaatyaantara vivahalu unna praantaalalo matrame, vaatilo kontha saamaajika stareekarana unnappatikee, vaati nundi minahaayimpu unnatlu anipistundi.
saamraajya chaina.
tong raajavamsam.
chainees nundi vidaeseeyulanu jaathi vibajananu amalu chesina aneka chattalanu tong raajavamsam samayamlo hohn chainees aamodinchaaru. 779loe, tong raajavamsam oka saasanaanni jaarii chesindi, idhi uygharlanu vaari jaathi dustulu dharinchamani balavantam chesindi, chainees mahilalanu vivaham chesukokunda vaarini nilipivesindi mariyu chaineesga natinchakundaa nishedhinchindi. 836loe, luu chunn canton governorga niyaminchabadinappudu, vidaeseeyulatoe nivasistunna chainees mariyu chainees mariyu vidaeseeyula madhya antar vivaham chuusi athanu asahyinchukunnadu. luu vibajananu amalu chesi, jaatyaantara vivahalanu nishedhinchi, vidaeseeyulu aastini kaligi undatam chattaviruddham chesindi. luu chunn thana suutraalu nyaayamainavi mariyu nitaruga unnayani nammadu. 836 chattam pratyaekamgaa "nallajati prajalu" ledhaa "rangu prajalu" thoo sambandhaalu yerparachukovadanni nishedhinchindi, idhi "iranianlu, sogdiyanlu, arabbulu, bhaaratheeyulu, maleyulu, sumatrans" vanti vidaeseeyulanu vivarinchadaaniki upayoginchabadindi.
quing raajavamsam.
quing raajavamsaanni chainees janabhalo ekkuva mandhi unna hohn chaineeyulu sthaapinchaledu, conny nedu chainaalo jaathi minority ayina manchas sthaapinchaaru. manchulaku vaari alpasankhyaaka hodha gurinchi baga telusu, ayithe, aaa raajavamsam taruvaata matrame vaaru antar vivahanni nishedhinchaaru.
chainanu quing jayinchadamlo hohn firaayimpudaarulu bhaarii paatra pooshinchaaru. manchuku firaayinchina ming raajavamsaaniki chendina hohn chainees generallaku tarachugaa saamraajya aisin gioro kutumbaaniki chendina mahilalanu vivaham cheyinchaaru, ayithe firaayinchina saadhaarana sainikulaku rajetara manchuku mahilalanu bharyaluga icchaaru. 1618loe maanchuku longipoyina taruvaata, maanchu nayakudu nurhachi thana manumaralu okarini ming general lii angfangku vivaham chesukunnadu. jurchen (maanchu) mahilalu chaalaa mandhi hohn chainees firaayimpulanu liavodanglo vivaham chesukunnaru. aisin gioro mahilalu hohn chainees generals sunn saik (sunn suu-koo), geng jimao (keng chii-maavo), shang kexi (shang kae-hoow), mariyu vu sangui (vu saan-kui) kumaarulanu vivaham chesukunnaru.
rendu jaathi samuuhaala madhya samarasyanni pempondinchadaaniki 1632loe yuvaraju yoto mariyu hangtisey 1,000 mandhi jantalatho kuudina maanchu mahilalatho hohn chainees adhikarulu mariyu adhikaarula saamuuhika vivahanni erpaatu chesaaru.
hohn banner myaan ayina jeng jongmingku prins zingnon anae birudu labhinchindi, mariyu athani kumarudu geng jingmao thana kumaarulu geng jingjang mariyu geng jhavojhang iddaroo shunji aadhvaryamlo aasthaana paricharakuluga maaragaligaaru mariyu aisin gioro mahilalanu vivaham chesukunnaru, haage (haang tayji kumarudu) kumarte geng jingjang mariyu prins abatai (haang tayji) manumaralu geng jhaavojhaangnu vivaham chesukunnaru.
hohn pataakadhaari mariyu saadhaarana hohn pourula madhya quing thedaanu choopindi. hohn bannerlu hohn chaineeyula nundi tayaaru cheyabaddaayi, vaaru 1644 varaku kwingku vaidoligi enimidi bannerlalo cheraaru, vaariki saamaajika mariyu chattaparamaina adhikaaraalanu andinchadamtho paatu manchuu samskrutiki anugunamgaa unnaaru. chaalaa mandhi hohn quing kuu vaidoligi, enimidi bannerla shrenulanu penchi, jaateeya manchas bannerlalo minorityga maarindi, 1648loe kevalam 16 saatam matrame, hohn bannerlu 75 saatam aadhipatyam chelayinchayi. eee bahula jaathi shakti, dheenilo manchas kevalam minorityga unnaaru, idhi quing kosam chainanu jayinchindi.
chaina vijayavantamaina quing vijayaniki hanchinese pataakadhaarile baadhyata vahinchaaru, vaaru prarambha quinglo ekkuva mandhi governorluga unnaaru mariyu vijayam taruvaata chainanu paripaalinchi, paripaalinchi, quing palananu sthireekarinchaaru. shunji mariyu kangji chakravartula kaalamlo governor-general padaviloe hohn bannerlu aadhipatyam chelaayinchaaru, alaage governor padaviloe kooda aadhipatyam chelaayinchaaru, ekkuvagaa saadhaarana hohn pourulanu postula nundi minahaayinchaaru.
jaathi samarasyanni prothsahinchadaaniki, 1648loe maanchu shunji chakravarthy jaarii chesina oka uttarvu prakaram, hohn chainees pourulu, vaaru adhikaarula ledhaa saamaanyula kumaartelugaa namodu cheyabadi unte ledhaa vaari banner company kepten anumati unte, vaaru register cheyani saamaanyulu ayithe, vaaru bannerla nundi maanchu mahilalanu vivaham chesukovadaniki anumatinchaaru, taruvaata raajavamsamlo matrame eee vidhanalu antara vivahalanu anumatinchaayi.
enimidi bannerla (maanchu bannerlu, mangol bannerlu, hohn bannerlu) mariyu hohn chainees pourula madhya vibhajana vidhananni quing amalu chesindi. eee jaathi vibhajanaku saamskrutika mariyu aardhika kaaranaalu unnaih manchuu vaarasatvaanni konasaaginchadaaniki mariyu paapeekarananu tagginchadaaniki antar vivaham nishedhinchabadindi. hohn chainees pourulu mariyu mangol pourulu manchurialo sthirapadataanni nishedhinchaaru. hohn pourulu mariyu mangol pourulu okari bhoomulanu marokaru daatadaanni nishedhinchaaru. antargata mangoliyaaloni saadhaarana mangol pourulu itara mangol bannerlaloki kooda daatadaanni nishedhinchaaru. (antargata mangolia oka banner oka paripalana vibhagam, enimidi bannerlalo unna mangol bannerlatho sambandham ledhu)
eee aankshalu hohn bannermenlaku vartinchaledu, veeru king chetha manchurialo sthirapaddaaru. hohn bannermenlanu hohn pourula nundi quing vaeru chesi, bhinnamgaa vyavaharinchaaru.
quing raajavamsam taruvaata raajavamsam paalanalo hohn chaineeyulatoo manchurianu valasarajyam cheyadam praarambhinchindi, ayithe manchuu praantam ippatikee aadhunika antargata mangolia nundi bayati villo polyced dwara vaeru cheyabadindi, idhi manchuu mariyu mangolsnu vaerugaa unchindi.
vaerpaatu vidhanam neerugaa banner gaarisanlaku vartistundi, veetilo chaalaa varaku vaaru unna nagarallo pratyeka godala john akraminchayi. maanchu bannerlu, hohn bannerlu, mangol bannerlu hohn pourula nundi vaeru cheyabaddaayi. manchulu munupati ming raajavamsam yokka prabhutva nirmaanaanni anusarinchinappatikii, vaari jaathi vidhanam niyamakalanu maanchu kuleenulu mariyu rashtra pareekshalalo atyadhika sthaayilalo utteernulaina hohn chainees poura adhikaarula madhya vibhajinchabadindani nirdesinchindi, mariyu chinna sankhyalo manchula kaaranamgaa, vaarilo pedda bhaagam prabhutva adhikarulu avtarani idhi haamii ichindi.
valasavaada samajalu.
belgian kango.
1952 nundi, inca 1955loe raaju boudouin kaalaneeni vijayavantamgaa sandarsinchina taruvaata, governor-general leone petillon (1952-1958) oka "belgian-kango community" nuu srushtinchadaaniki krushi chesaaru, dheenilo nallajati mariyu tellajati prajalanu samanamga pariganinchavalasi undhi. sambandham lekunda, apasavya vyatiraeka chattalu amalulo unnaayi, mariyu 1959 mariyu 1962 madhya vaelaadi mishrama-jaathi kango pillalanu belgian prabhutvam mariyu catholic charchi balavantamgaa kango nundi bahishkarinchi belgianiki teesukuvellaaru.
french algerialo.
1830loe ottoman niyantrita algerianu swaadheenam chesukunna taruvaata, oka sataabdaaniki paiga, france eee bhoobhaagamlo valasa palananu konasaaginchindi, dheenini "pakshika-varnavivaksha" gaa varninchaaru. 1865 naati valasa chattam arab mariyu berber algerianlu tama muslim gurtimpunu vidichipettinappudu matrame french pourasatvam kosam darakhaastu chesukovadaniki anumatinchindi; idhi "raajakeeya varnavivaksha yokka adhikaarika nirmaanaalanu" sthaapinchindani azedine vaadinchaaru. morocan mariyu tunisian protectoratelaku viruddhamgaa", eee "valasavaada varnavivaksha samajam" algeriaku pratyekamainadi anie kamille bonora-wiesman raasaaru.
eee "varnavivaksha antargata vyavastha" daani dwara prabhaavitamaina muslimla nundi gananeeyamaina pratighatananu edurkondi, mariyu 1954 tirugubaatu mariyu tadupari swaatantrya yuddhaaniki kaaranaalalo okatigaa perkonabadindi.
rhodesia.
1930 naati bhuu vibhajana chattam dakshina rodeshiyaalo aamodinchabadindi (ippudu zimbabwe anie pilustaaru) idhi graameena praantaallo bhoomi ketayimpu mariyu samuparjananu nirvahinche oka vibhajana charya, idhi nallajaateeyulu mariyu swethajaatheeyula madhya thedaalanu chestundi.
1960loe anni jaatulaku terichi undaalsina kotta theatre praarambhamtho kuudina oka atyanta pracharam pondina chattaparamaina yuddham jarigindi; 1959loe kottagaa nirminchina reps theatres pratipaadita verucheyani praja marugudodlu "marugudodla yuddham" anae vaadanaku kaaranamayyaayi.
uganda.
1962loe british paalana mugisina taruvaata, ugaandaalo nivasistunna bharatiya prajalu tama sonta paatasaalalu mariyu aarogya samrakshanhatho verucheyabadina jaathi samajalalo unikilo unnaaru. bhaaratheeyulu janabhalo 1 saatam mandhi unnaaru, conny jaateeya aadaayamlo aidava vanthu sampaadinchaaru mariyu desamloni vyapaaraalalo 90 saatam niyantrinchaaru.
1972loe, uganda idi ameen adhyakshudu sthaanika aardhika vyavasthaku vinaasakaramaina parinaamaalatoe desamloni bharatiya minoritylanu bahishkarinchaalani aadesinchaadu. prabhutvam kaarlu, illu mariyu itara gruha vastuvulatoe paatu 5,655 samsthalu, gaddibeedulu, polaalu mariyu vyavasaya estatelanu swaadheenam chesukundi.
mataparamaina mariyu jaathi vyatiraekata.
airopaloni yoodulu saadhaaranamgaa, uttarvu dwara ledhaa anadhikaarika ottidi dwara, atyanta verucheyabadina ghettolu mariyu shtetlalo nivasinchamani balavantam cheyabaddaaru. 1204loe, popsy yoodulu kraistavula nundi tamanu taamu vaeru chesukovalasi vachindi mariyu vaaru vilakshanhamaina dustulu dharinchavalasi vachindi. 14va mariyu 15va sataabdaalaloo yoodula balavantamgaa verucheyadam airopa antataa vyaapinchindi. russian saamrajyamlo, yoodulu, polland, lithuvania, bellarus, moldova mariyu ukrain vanti aadhunika deshaalaku anugunamgaa unde russian saamrajyam yokka paschima sarihaddu, pael off settlement anie pilavabade vatiki parimitam cheyabaddaaru. 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo, airopaloni yoodulalo ekkuva mandhi sthiranivaasaala madhya nivasinchaaru.
15va sataabdam prarambham nundi, moraco looni yoodula janabha mellalaku parimitam cheyabadindi. nagarallo, oka "mella" chuttoo oka balavardhakamaina dwaaramtho kuudina goda undedi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, graameena "mella" luu pratyeka gramaluga undevi, veeti ekaika nivaasulu yoodulu.
19va sataabdam madhyalo, zhe. zhe. pertian yoodula jeevitaala gurinchi benjamin ilaa rasadu
1940 mae 16naa naarvelooni yoodula nundi radeo receiverlanu enduku japthu chesaarani rixcomissoriotnu adigaru. aaa taruvaata norwegian pourula madhya jaathi vibajananu "nissabdamgaa" angeekarinchinatlu toor boman-larsen paerkonnaaru. inca, eee vibhajana "oka udaaharananu srushtinchindani ayana paerkonnaaru. 2 samvatsaraala taruvaata (norway mantritva saakhalalo "ns-styret" thoo) norwegian pooliisulu gatamlo yoodula nundi raediyoelanu swaadheenam chesukunna chirunamala vadda pourulanu arrestu chesaaru.
faasist itali.
1938loe, naajeela ottidilo, benito mussolini netrutvamloni faasist paalana, italian saamrajyamlo adhikaarika vaerpaatuvaada vidhananni erpaatu chesina jaathi chattaala shrenini aamodinchindi, eee vidhanam mukhyamgaa italian yoodulaku vyatiraekamgaa nirdesinchabadindi. eee vidhanam vividha vaerpaatuvaada nibandhanalanu amalu chesindi, yoodulu saadhaarana paatasaalalu mariyu vishwavidyaalayaalalo bodhana ledhaa chaduvukovadanni nishedhinchina chattalu, deshaaniki chaalaa mukhyamainaviga prasiddhi chendina parisramalanu kaligi undataanni yoodulu nishedhinchaaru, yoodulu paatrikeyulugaa panicheyadaanni nishedhinchaaru, yoodulu sainyamlo cheradaanni nishedhinchaaru, yoodulu yoodulu kaanivaarini vivaham chesukokunda nishedhinchaaru.
provedimenti purr laa defessa della rajaa' (jaathi rakshana kosam nibandhanalu) pravesapettina takshana paryavasanamga, chaalaa mandhi uttama italian saastravettalu tama udyogaalanu vidichipettaru, vaarilo kondaru italianu kooda vidichipettaru. eee saastravettalalo antarjaateeyamgaa prasiddhi chendina bhouthika saastravettalu emilio segri, enrico fermi (ayana bhaarya yoodu), bruno pontecorvo, bruno rossi, tullio levi-sivita, ganita saastravettalu federigo eneriques mariyu guido fubini mariyu faasist prachara darsakudu, kalaa vimarsakudu mariyu paatrikeyudu margerita sarfatti kooda unnaaru, veeru mussolini yokka umpudugattelalo okaru. varusaga vaidyasaastramlo nobel bahumatini geluchukunna rita levi-maantaalchineeni vishwavidhyaalayamlo panicheyadam nishedhinchabadindi. jaathi chattam aamodinchina taruvaata, albert inestein jaathi chattamlo thana gourava sabhyatvaanni raddu chesaaru.
1943 taruvaata, uttara italeeni naajeelachae aakraminchabadinappudu, italian yoodulu chuttumuttabaddaru mariyu holocast baadhitulayyaaru.
naajii germany.
adolph hitler yokka "mean compf" loe vyakteekarinchabadina america yokka samsthaagata jaatyahankaara vyavasthaku german prasamsalu 1930la praarambhamlo nirantaramgaa konasagayi. yuu.ess. krodeekarinchina jaatyahamkaaraaniki prapancha nayakudu, mariyu daani jaathi chattalu germanlanu aakarshinchayi. national soshalistu handbook pharr laa und legislation", hitler yokka nyaayavaadi hohns fraank chetha savarinchabadindi, jaathi chattam kosam sifaarsulapai herbert kiir raasina oka keelaka vyaasam undhi, idhi daani pageelalo naaluginta oka vanthu yuu.ess. chattam-vibhajana, jaathi aadhaarita pourasatvam, valasa nibandhanalu mariyu vyatiraeka apasavyata nundi. idhi neerugaa rendu pradhana neuremberg chattalanu prerepinchindi-pourasatva chattam mariyu rakta chattam. jaatyaantara vivaahampai nishedham (vyatiraeka-missagenation) "aryan" mariyu "aryan kaani" gaa vargeekarinchabadina vyaktula madhya laingika sambandhaalu mariyu vivahalanu nishedhinchindi. ituvanti sambandhaalanu "russensiande" (jaathi apavitrata) anie pilicheevaaru. modata chattalu pradhanamgaa yoodulanu lakshyamgaa chesukunnayi, conny taruvaata "jipseelu, negros" kuu vistarinchabaddaayi. aaryanlu naajii nirbandha shibiramlo khaidu cheyabadavachhu, aryulu kaanivaaru maranasikshanu edurkovachhu. german raktam yokka swachchatanu kaapaadataaniki, yuddham praarambhamaina taruvaata, naajilu jaathi apavitrata chattanni videsheeyulandarinee (germanlu kaanivaaru) chaerchadaaniki vistarinchaaru.
1940loe aakramita polland saadhaarana prabhutva aadhvaryamlo, naajeelu janabhanu ververu samuhaluga vibhajinchaaru, prati okkariki ververu hakkulu, aahara reshanlu, nagarallo gruhalu, praja ravana modalaina vatiki anumati undhi. polish prajala gurtimpunu vibhajinche prayatnamlo, vaaru eee samuuhaala 'aaropinchina "germanic bhaagam" aadhaaramgaa kashubianlu mariyu gorals (goralenwolk) yokka jaathi vibhaagaalanu sthaapinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru.
1930luu mariyu 1940laloe, naajii-niyantrita raashtraalloni yoodulu tamanu yoodulugaa gurtinche pasupu ribbon ledhaa david nakshatram vanti vaatini dharinchavalasi vachindi, mariyu romalatho (jipseelu), vaaru jaathi chattaala dwara vivakshaku gurayyaru. aryan rogulaku chikitsa cheyadaaniki yoodu vaidyulanu anumatinchaledu mariyu aryan vidyaarthulaku bodhinchadaaniki yoodu professorlu anumatinchabadaledu. adanamgaa, yoodulu ferrie kakunda yea vidhamaina praja ravaanaanu upayoginchadaaniki anumatinchabadaledu, mariyu vaaru madhyahnam 3 nundi 5 gantala varaku yoodula dukaanaalaloo matrame shopping cheyadaaniki anumatinchabaddaaru. chrystalnacht" ("virigina gaaju raatri") taruvaata, naajii dalaalu mariyu ss sabhyulu chesina nashtaniki yoodulaku jarimana vidhinchaaru.
yoodulu, stambhaalu mariyu romaalu holocastlo "avaanchaneeya" jaathi samuhaluga maaranahomaaniki gurayyaru. naajilu yoodulanu nirbandhinchadaaniki ghettolanu sthaapinchaaru, konnisaarlu, vaaru romalanu thoorpu airopaloni nagaraalloni kathinamaina raddiigaa unna praantaalalo parimitam chesi, vaatini "vaastava" nirbandha sibiraalugaa marcharu. 400, 000 mandhi prajalatho eee ghettolalo warsa ghetto atipeddadi. sumaru 160,000 mandhi unna eee ghetto rendava atipeddadi.
1939 mariyu 1945 madhya, kaneesam 15 laksala polish pourulanu balavantapu kaarmikula kosam reachku ravana chesaaru (mottam meeda, naajii germany lopala german yuddha aardhika vyavasthalo sumaru 12 millionla mandhi balavantapu kaarmikulanu niyaminchaaru). naajii germany paschima airopa nundi balavantamgaa kaarmikulanu upayoginchinappatiki, itara thoorpu europeanlatho paatu, jaathi paramgaa takkuvasthaayigaa pariganinchabade vaaru, lothaina vivakshata charyalaku lobadi unnaaru. vaaru oodaa rangu anchutho pasupu rangu dustulu dharinchavalasi vachindi mariyu vaari dustulaku kuttina tagnu gurtinche "p" (polen/palish kosam) vastram dharinchavalasi vachindi, karfyuki lobadi, praja ravaanaapai nishedham vidhinchabadindi.
factory kaarmikulu ledhaa vyavasaya kaarmikula chikitsa tarachugaa vyaktigata yajamanini batti maarutuu undagaa, polish kaarmikulu, oka niyamam vale, paschima europeanla kante takkuva vaetanaala kosam ekkuva gantalu pani cheyavalasi vachindi-aneka nagarallo, vaaru mulla theega venuka vaeru cheyabadina byaaraklalo nivasinchavalasi vachindi. pani velupala germanlatho saamaajika sambandhaalu nishedhinchabaddaayi, mariyu laingika sambandhaalu ("rasenshande" ledhaa "jaathi apavitrata") maranasiksha vidhinchabaddaayi.
itara deshaalu.
kenada.
1982 naati kenadian raajyaamgaaniki mundu jaathi vibhajana vistrutamgaa mariyu kenadian samaajamlo lothugaa choppinchabadindi. 1939loe kenada sarvonnata nyayasthaanam nundi okadaanitoe sahaa bahula nyaayasthaana nirnayaalu, jaathi vibajananu chellubaatu ayyedigaa samarthinchaayi. chivari nallajati pratyaekamgaa vaeru cheyabadina paatasaala 1965loe antariolo moosiveyabadindi, chivari nallajati pratyaekamgaa vaeru cheyabadina paatasaala 1983loe nova skotialo moosiveyabadindi. chivari jaatigaa vaeru cheyabadina swadeshi paatasaala 1996loe suscatchevanlo moosiveyabadindi. 
kenadaalo aneka tellani matrame porugu praantaalu mariyu nagaralu unnaayi, tellani matrame bahiranga pradaesaalu, dukaanaalu, vishwavidyaalayaalu, aasupatrulu, upaadhi, restaurantlu, theatres, creeda rangaalu mariyu vishwavidyaalayaalu unnaayi. kenadaalo nallajati janabha united stateslo nallajati janabha kante gananeeyamgaa takkuvagaa unnappatikee, nallajati prajalapai anni roopaallo, mukhyamgaa valasalu, upaadhi praapyata mariyu chalanaseelatalo teevramaina aankshalu unnaayi. united states maadirigaa kakunda, kenadaalo jaathi vibhajana swethajaatheeyulu kaanivaariki vartistundi mariyu chaaritraatmakamgaa chattalu, kortu nirnayaalu mariyu saamaajika nibandhanala dwara 1962 varaku swethajaatheeyulu kaanivaarinii valasa vellakundaa nishedhinche moosivesina valasa vyavastha dwara amalu cheyabadindi. 1910 valasa chattam yokka section 38 kenada yokka vaataavaranam ledhaa avasaralaku ledhaa edainaa nirdishta taragati, vrutti ledhaa swabhaavam yokka valasadaarulaku anukuulamgaa ledani bhaavinche yea jaatiki chendina valasadaarula pravesaanni nishedhinchadaaniki prabhutvaanni anumatinchindi."
kenadaalo upaadhi yokka aneka praantaalaku jaathi vibhajana paddhatulu vistarinchaayi. cubec looni nallajati purushulu mariyu mahilalu vaari vidya saadhanatho sambandham lekunda chaaritraatmakamgaa seva rangaaniki digajaaraaru. tella vyapara yajamaanulu mariyu praantiiya mariyu samakhya prabhutva samsthalu kooda tarachugaa nallajaateeyulanu niyaminchukoledu, spashtamaina niyamaalu vaari upaadhini nirodhinchaayi. 19va sataabdam chivaralo kenadaalo kaarmika udyamam prarambhamainappudu, kaarmikula pani paristhitulu mariyu jeevana naanhyatanu merugupariche lakshyamtho kaarmikulu kaarmika sanghaalanu erpaatu cheyadam mariyu erpaatu cheyadam praarambhinchaaru. ayithe, nallajati kaarmikulaku eee unionlalo sabhyatvam kramapaddhatilo niraakarinchabadindi, mariyu kaarmikula rakshana swethajaatheeyulaku matrame ketayinchabadindi.
germany.
padihenava sataabdapu eshaanya germanylo, vendish prajalu, antey.ii. slavic, muulam konni sanghaalalo chaeradaaniki anumatinchabadaledu. wilhelm raabe prakaram, "paddenimidava sataabdam varaku yea german sanghamuu oka vendnu angeekarinchaledu."
dakshinaafrikaa.
african minority paalana nirvahinchina varnavivaksha vyavastha 1948 saarvatrika ennikalaloo jaateeya party vijayamtho desavyaapta saamaajika vidhananni "pratyeka abhivruddhi" nuu amalu chesindi, "colour baar" nuu anusarinchindi-dakshina africa mariyu boer republicla union prarambham naati vivakshata chattam, dheeniki mundu, itara minoritylatho paatu nalla aafrikanlaku anachiveta, daadaapu antha dhooram vellaledu.
varnavivaksha chattalanu saadhaaranamgaa eee krindi chattaluga vibhajinchavachhu. modata, 1950loe janabha namodu chattam dakshina aafrikaaloni nivaasitulanu naalugu jaathi samuhaluga vargeekarinchindih "nalupu", "telupu", "rangu" mariyu "bharatiya" mariyu vaari gurtimpulapai vaari jaathi gurtimpulanu gurtinchindi. rendavadi, 1950loe group arias chattam vividha jaatula prakaram vividha praantaalanu ketaayinchindi. prajalu tama sambandhita praantaalalo nivasinchavalasi vachindi mariyu anumati lekunda sarihaddulanu daatadam chattaviruddham cheyabadindi, appatike nalla kadalikalanu tagginchina paas chattalanu vistarinchindi. moodavadi, 1953loe pratyeka soukaryaala reservation chattam kinda, aasupatrulu, vishwavidyaalayaalu mariyu paarkulu vanti praja praantaalalo soukaryaalu nirdishta jaatula prakaram vidigaa gurtinchabaddaayi. adanamgaa, 1953loe baantu education act dakshinaafrikaalo kooda jaateeya vidyanu vaeru chesindi. adanamgaa, aaa kaalapu prabhutvam paas chattalanu amalu chesindi, idhi nallajati dakshina aafrikanlu tama sonta desamlo swechchagaa prayaaninchae hakkunu kolpoyindi. eee vyavastha kinda nallajati dakshina aafrikanlu pattana praantaala nundi teevramgaa parimitam cheyabaddaaru, pravesinchadaaniki tella yajamani nundi adhikaram avasaram.
varnavivaksha talettina ventane varnavivakshaku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatlu mariyu nirasanalu kanipinchaayi. 1949 lone, african national congress (anc) yokka yooth leag varnavivakshanu antam cheyaalani vaadinchindi mariyu vividha paddhatula dwara jaathi vibhajanaku vyatiraekamgaa pooraadaalani suuchimchimdi. taruvaati dasaabdaalalo, nalla chaitanya udyamam, vidyaarthula nirasanalu, kaarmika sammelu mariyu charchi samuuha kriyaaseelata modalaina vaatitho sahaa vandalaadi varnavivaksha vyatiraeka charyalu jarigaayi. 1991loe, jaathi aadhaarita bhuu charyala chattam raddu cheyabadindi, jaathi vibajananu amalu chese chattalanu raddu chesindi, samuuha praantaala chattamtho sahaa. 1994loe, nelson mandela dakshinaafrikaalo jarigina modati bahulajaati prajaasvaamya ennikalaloo vijayam saadhinchaaru. athani vijayam dakshina africa charitralo varnavivaksha mugimpunu neraverchindi.
united states.
united stateslo, jaathi vibhajana konni rashtraallo chattam dwara tappanisari cheyabadindi (zim crow chattalanu chudandi) mariyu yuu varaku, vyatiraeka-missagenation chattaalatho (jaatyaantara vivaahaaniki vyatiraekamgaa nishedhaalu) amalu cheyabadindi.ess. pradhana nyaayamuurti earl warren netrutvamloni supreenkortu jaathi vibajananu kottivesindi.
americalo baanisatvaanni, jaathi vivakshanu raddu chestu padamuudava savarana aamodinchina taruvaata zim crow chattalu pravesapettabaddaayi. chattalu jaatula yokka kathinamaina vibajananu tappanisari chesaayi. poura yuddham mugisina koddikaalaanike eee chattalu chaalaa varaku aamodinchabadinappatiki, avi 1877loe punarnirmaana shakam mugisina tarvaata matrame lanchanaprayamga marai. punarnirmaana yugam taruvaata vacchina kaalanni american jaathi sambandhaala adhogati anie pilustaaru. 
ayithe yuu.ess. 1896loe supreenkortulo majority "plessy vii. fergusson kesu "pratyaekamaina conny samaanamaina" soukaryaalanu (pratyaekamgaa, ravana soukaryaalu) spashtamgaa anumatinchindi, justice zaan marshal harlan thana asammati loe, eee nirnayam "duraakramanalanu prerepistundani" nirasana vyaktam chesaaru... rangugala pourula angeekarinchina hakkulapai, "jaathi dweshaanni rekettinchandi", mariyu "[jaatula] madhya apanamakam yokka bhavanni konasaginchandi. swethajaatheeyulu mariyu nallajaateeyula madhya bhavalu chaalaa udriktamgaa undevi, jaillu kooda vaeru cheyabaddaayi."
1912loe ennikaina adhyakshudu vudro willson appatike konasagutunna samakhya prabhutvam antataa vibhajana podigimpunu sahinchaaru. modati prapancha yuddhamlo, nallajaateeyulanu united states sainyamlo vaeru cheyabadina vibhagalalo niyaminchi, seva chesaaru. nallajati poraata sainikulu tarachugaa paelavamaina sikshana mariyu sannaddhata kaligi undevaaru, mariyu kotta draftylanu pramaadakaramaina missionlaloo mundu varusalo unchaaru. yuu.ess. rendava prapancha yuddhamlo sainyam ippatikee bhaareega vaeru cheyabadindi. vaimanika dalam mariyu naavikulu tama rankullo nallajaateeyulanu cherchukoledu. naavikaadala samudramlo nallajaateeyulu undevaaru. sainyamlo aiduguru african-american adhikarulu matrame unnaaru. adanamgaa, yuddha samayamlo yea african-american gourava patakaanni andukoledu, mariyu yuddhamlo vaari panulu ekkuvagaa yuddhetara vibhaagaalaku ketayinchabaddayi. nallajati sainikulu konnisaarlu raillalo tama seetlanu naajii yuddha khaideelaku ivvalsi vachedi.
1920laloe harlem punarujjeevanaaniki kendramgaa unna club, newyork nagaramloni harlemloni cotton club swethajaatheeyulaku matrame chendina samstha, ikkada nallajaateeyulu (duke ellington vantivi) pradarsana ivvadaaniki anumatinchabaddaaru, conny vaaru tella prekshakula mundu matrame pradarsana ivvadaaniki anumatinchabaddaaru. 1936 vesavi olympicslo thana vijayanni gowravinchataaniki receptionlo, jesse ovensnu waldorf austoria newyork yokka pradhana talupula dwara pravesinchadaaniki anumatinchaledu mariyu badulugaa saruku ravana elevatorlo eevent varaku prayaaninchavalasi vachindi. modati nalla academy avaardu graheeta hotty mcdanial georgia yokka vibhajana chattaala kaaranamgaa love yokka grand theatre, atlanta vadda "gaalitho vellipoyindi" premiyarku haajaru kaavadaaniki anumatinchabadaledu, mariyu laas angelsloni ambasider hotels 12va academy avaardula vedukalo aame gadhi yokka suduura goda vadda vaeru cheyabadina table vadda kurchovalsi vachindi; hotel noo-blocks paalaseeni kaligi undhi, conny mcdanielnu anukuulamgaa anumatinchindi. hollywood smasaanavaatikalo khananam cheyalane aame chivari korika tiraskarinchabadindi, endukante smasaanavaatika swethajaatheeyulaku matrame parimitam cheyabadindi.
1964 septembaru 11naa, zaan lennon floridaloni jacksonville verucheyabadina prekshakulaku beatles aadadani prakatinchaaru. eee prakatana tarvaata nagara adhikarulu venakki taggaaru. californialoni cow paleslo 1965 beatles kachereeki oppandam byaand "vaeru cheyabadina prekshakula mundu pradarsinchaalsina avasaram ledhu" anie perkontundi.
iravayyava sataabdam madhyakaalam varaku american kreedalu jatiparamga vaeru cheyabaddaayi. baseballo, neegro leag baseball vanti tellajati aatagaalla kosam roob pempakandaarulachae "neegro leaglu" sthaapinchabaddaayi, ivi 1950la praarambhamlo nadichayi. basketball loe, block fives (aall-block jatlu) 1904loe sthaapinchabaddaayi, mariyu newyork city, washington, dii. loe udbhavinchaayi.sii.chikago, pitsburg, philadelphia mariyu itara nagaralu. basketball loe jaathi vibhajana 1950 varaku konasaagindi, appudu nba jaatigaa ekikrutamaindi.
chaalaa mandhi yuu.ess. rashtraalu jaatyaantara vivahalanu nishedhinchaayi. yuu loe baanisatvaanni vyatiraekistuu.ess.1858loe illinayisloni charlestonlo jarigina oka prasangamlo abraham linkan ilaa paerkonnaadu, "neenu eppuduu, ledhaa eppuduu tellajati mariyu nallajati jaatula saamaajika mariyu raajakeeya samaanatvaanni teesukuraavadaaniki anukuulamgaa laenu, neenu eppuduu laenu, ledhaa ennadoo otarlanu ledhaa neegro nyaayamuurtulanu cheyadaaniki anukuulamgaa laenu, ledhaa vaarini padavini nirvahinchadaaniki arhata pondadaaniki ledhaa tellajati prajalatho vivaham chesukovadaniki anukuulamgaa laenu. tella jaatiki ketaayinchina unnata sthaanaaniki yea vyakti ayina anukuulamgaa unnaanu ". 1967loe, soumyamaina preminche, oka nallajati mahila, mariyu dhanavanthudu preminche, oka tellajati vyakti, okarinokaru vivaham chesukunnanduku virginialo oka samvatsaram jailu siksha vidhinchabadindi. vaari vivaham rashtram yokka vyatiraeka-apasavya saasanaanni, 1924 naati jaathi samagrata chattanni ullanghinchindi, idhi tellagaa vargeekarinchabadina vyaktula madhya mariyu "rangu" (tellajati kaani puurveekulu) gaa vargeekarinchabadina vyaktula madhya vivahanni nishedhinchindi.
preminche vii. 1967loe virginia kesu, supreme court yuu loe jaatyaantara vivahanni nishedhinche chattalanu chellanidigaa chesindi.ess.
poura hakkula udyama samayamlo clarence emm vanti poura hakkula kaaryakartala prayatnaala dwara samsthaagata jaathi vibhajana adhikaarika abhyasamga mugisindi. mitchell juuniyar., rosa paarkulu, martin luther king juuniyar. rendava prapancha yuddham mugimpu nundi 1961 naati antar rashtra vaanijya commission vargeekarana uttarvu, 1964 loe poura hakkula chattam mariyu 1965 loe adhyakshudu lindon bii maddatu icchina oating hakkula chattam dwara saamaajika mariyu raajakeeya swechcha kosam panichestunna james raitu. johnson. vaari prayatnaalalo chaalaa varaku jaathi vibhajana niyamaalu mariyu chattaala amaluku antaraayam kaliginche lakshyamtho ahimsaatmaka sasanollanghana charyalu, udaaharanaku bassulooni nalla bhaagamlo oka tella vyaktiki (rosa paarkulu) seatu ivvadaaniki niraakarinchadam ledhaa tellati bhojanakarula vadda koorchovadam vantivi.
1968 natiki, pradhana nyaayamuurti earl warren aadhvaryamlo supreenkortu anni rakaala vibhajanalanu rajyanga viruddhamgaa prakatinchindi, 1970 natiki adhikaarika chattaparamaina vibhajanaku maddatu raddu cheyabadindi. chaaritraka kesu "braun vii" paie warren kortu nirnayam. 1954loe consasloni topeca yokka board off education prabhutva paatasaalallo vibajananu nishedhinchindi, mariyu atlanta motel, ink yokka gundepai daani nirnayaanni nishedhinchindi. vii. 1964loe united states "praja samsthalu mariyu praja vasatulalo jaathi vibhajana mariyu vivakshanu nishedhinchindi. 1968 yokka nyaayamaina gruhanirmaana chattam, nyaayamaina gruhanirmaanam mariyu samaana avakaasaala karyalayam dwara nirvahinchabadutundi mariyu amalu cheyabadutundi, jaathi, rangu, jaateeya muulam, matam, lingam, kutumba hodha mariyu vaikalyam aadhaaramgaa gruhaala ammakam mariyu addelo vivakshanu nishedhinchindi. paatasaala vyavasthalu, vyaparalu, american sainyam, itara poura sevalu mariyu prabhutvaalalo adhikaarika jaathi vivaksha chattaviruddham ayyindi. ayithe, vruttiparamaina vibhajana vanti maargaala dwara antarleena jatyahankaram eee roeju varaku konasagutondi. iteevali samvatsaraalalo, aaa tappanisari paatasaala vargeekarana aadesaala dwara paatasaalalanu vargeekarinche prayatnaalanu tippikotte dhorani undhi.
chaaritraka kesulu (1970la nundi prastutaaniki).
bahrain.
2007 april 28naa bahrain paarlamentu diguva sabha avivaahita valasa kaarmikulanu nivaasa praantaalalo nivasinchadaanni nishedhinche chattanni aamodinchindi. chattanni samarthinchadaaniki, prabhutvaaniki sannihita mitrudu ayina mp, nassar fadala, "avivaahitulu eee illanu madyam tayaaru cheyadaaniki, vaesyala ungaraalanu nadapadaniki ledhaa pillalu mariyu gruhinulapai atyaachaaram cheyadaaniki kooda upayogistaaru" anie annaru.
all wayfack sabhyudaina saanketika kamitee adhipati sadiq rahma ilaa annaru "memu roopondistunna niyamaalu kutumbaalu mariyu asea bachelors (asea) hakkulanu parirakshinchadaaniki roopondinchabaddaayi..) eee kaarmikulaku tarachugaa alavaatlu untaayi, ivi sameepamlo nivasinche kutumbaalaku sahinchadam kashtam (..) vaaru tama illa nundi sagam dustulu dharinchi bayataku vastaaru, tama illalo akramamga madyam taagutaaru, vaesyalanu upayogistaaru mariyu poruguvaarini murikigaa chestaaru (..) veeru tarachugaa 50 ledhaa anthakante ekkuva mandhi samoohaalalo nivasinche paedha prajalu, oka illu ledhaa apartmentlo nindi untaaru "anie shree. rahma annaru. "prati aiduguriki kaneesam oka bathroom undaali anie kooda niyamaalu paerkontaayi..) chinna pillalu laingika vedhimpulaku guraina kesulu kooda unnaayi."
bahrain center pharr human raits eee nirnayaanni vivakshatatoe kuudinadani, valasa kaarmikula patla pratikuula jaatyahankaara vaikharini prothsahistundani khandistu oka patrika prakatana vidudala chesindi. appati bii. sii. aarr. upaadhyakshudu nabeel punjab ilaa annaru "eee prajala kashtapadi panichesina prayojanaala meeda, mariyu tarachugaa vaari badhala meeda vishraanti teesukoovadaaniki bahrain siddhamgaa undatam, conny vaaru vaaritho samanamga mariyu gouravamgaa jeevinchadaaniki niraakarinchadam bhayankaramainadi. dheeniki parishkaram valasa kaarmikulanu ghettolaloki balavantam cheyadam kaadu, conny kaarmikula jeevana paristhitulanu meruguparachaalani companylanu koradam-mariyu sariponi sthalamlo pedda sankhyalo kaarmikulaku vasati kalpinchakudadani, mariyu vaari jeevana pramaanaalanu meruguparachadam."
kenada.
1965 varaku, paatasaalalu, dukaanaalu mariyu praja jeevitamlo chaalaa amsaalalo jaathi vibhajana antario, quebeck mariyu nova skotialo chattabaddhamgaa mariyu british columbia vanti itara provinceulalo anadhikarikamga unikilo undhi.
1970la nundi, pradhana kenadian nagaralu aadaayam mariyu jaathi praatipadikana marinta vaeru cheyabadutunnayani kontamandi vidyaavaettalu aandolana vyaktam chesaaru. viliinaanantara torranto lopali shivaaru praantaalu mariyu ekkuva vancouver yokka dakshina padakagadi sanghaalu sthiramgaa ekkuva valasadaarulu mariyu kanipinche alpasankhyaaka aadhipatya samajaluga marayani mariyu sagatu aadaayamlo itara porugu praantaala kante venukabadi unnayani nivedikalu suuchimchaayi. 2012loe vancouverlo oka sii. bii. sii. panel, pedda vancouverlo jaathi pariveshtita praantaala vistarana (richmandlo hohn chainees mariyu surrelo punjabilu vantivi) anedi oka rakamaina sweeya-vibhajanaku samanam anae perugutunna praja bhayanni charchinchindi. eee bhayalaku pratispandanagaa, chaalaa mandhi minority kaaryakartalu chaalaa kenadian porugu praantaalu pradhanamgaa tellagaa unnayani, inca tellajati prajalu eppuduu "sweeya-vibhajana" kii paalpaddaarani aaropinchaledani etthi chuupaaru.
mohawk reserve nundi mohak kaani vaarini tolaginchinanduku kahnavek vimarsinchabadindi. tama girijana desham velupala vivaham chesukunna mohalu tama matrubhumi loe nivasinche hakkunu kolpotaru. mohawk prabhutvam jaateeyamgaa pratyeka sabhyatva vidhanam daani gurtimpunu parirakshinchadam kosam anie perkondi, ayithe mohawk bhasha ledhaa samskrutini sweekarinche vaariki etuvanti minahaayimpu ledhu. vaaru entha kaalam reservelo nivasinchinaa anni jaatyaantara jantalaku tolagimpu noteesulanu pampaaru. 1981 taatkaalika nishedhaaniki mundu vivaham chesukunna mishrama jaateeya jantalaku matrame minahaayimpu undhi. kontamandi mohak pourulu jaateeya pratyeka sabhyatva vidhananni vyatirekinchinappatiki, kenadian maanava hakkula tribunal mohak prabhutvam thana prajala manugadanu nirdhaarinchadaaniki avasaramaina vidhaanaalanu avalambinchavacchani teerpu ichindi.
british columbialo vaanijya salmon chepala pempakampai kooda jaateeya vibhajana yokka deerghakaala abhyasam 1992 nundi vidhinchabadindi, appudu moodu bii laloe empika chesina aadima samuuhaala kosam pratyeka vaanijya chepala pempakam srushtinchabadindi.sii. nadhee vyavasthalu. ververu chepala pempakamlo chepalu patte itara deshaala kenadiyanlanu arrestu chesi, jailuku pampinchi, vichaarana chesaaru. vichaaranalo vijayam saadhinchina matsyakaarulu aarr vii cop loe vichaaranalo vijayam saadhinchinappatikii, eee nirnayam appeal meeda raddu cheyabadindi.
fiji.
1987loe physilo rendu sainika tirugubaatlu indo-physiula netrutvamloni prajasvaamyayutamgaa ennikaina prabhutvaanni tolaginchaayi. eee tirugubaatuku pradhanamgaa jaathi physian janabha maddatu ichindi.
1990loe oka kotta rajyangam prakatinchabadindi, rashtrapati, pradhana mantri, senatelo moodinta rendu vantula karyalayalu, mariyu jaathi physianla kosam ketaayinchina pratinidhula sabhalo spashtamaina majoritytho physini ganatantramgaa sthaapinchindi; bhoomi yokka jaathi physian yajamanyam kooda rajyangamlo paatukupoyindi. eee nibandanalalo chaalaa varaku 1997 rajyangam prakatanatho mugisai, ayinappatikee adhyakshudu (mariyu 32 mandhi senatorlalo 14 mandhi) ippatikee swadeshi goppa council off cheefs chetha empika cheyabaddaaru. eee bhedaalalo chivaridi 2013 rajyangam dwara tolaginchabadindi.
fiji kesu "vaastava" jaathi vibhajana paristhiti, endukante physiki vibhajinchabadina girijana desamgaa 3500 samvatsaraalaku paiga sudeergha sanklishta charitra undhi, 96 samvatsaraala british paalanalo ekikaranato itara jaathi samuuhaalanu, mukhyamgaa bhaarata upakhandam nundi valasa vachinavaarini kooda teesukuvacchindi.
izrael.
izrael yokka swaatantrya prakatana jaathi, tega ledhaa jaatito sambandham lekunda pourulandarikee samaana hakkulanu prakatistundi. izrael jaathi samaanatvaanni korukune chattaala gananeeyamaina jaabitaanu kaligi undhi (vivaksha nishedham, udyogamlo samaanatvam, jaathi ledhaa jaathi aadhaaramgaa paruvu nashtam vantivi). ayithe, aacharanalo, desamloni arab pourulaku vyatiraekamgaa gananeeyamaina samsthaagata, chattaparamaina mariyu saamaajika vivaksha undhi.
2010loe, izrael sarvonnata nyayasthaanam ashkenazi yoodula slanim ibbandigala saakhaku sambandhinchina kesulo jaathi vibhajanaku vyatiraekamgaa oka sandesaanni pampi, paatasaalalo ashkenazi mariyu sephardi vidyaarthula madhya vibhajana chattaviruddhamani teerpu ichindi. vaaru "samaana sthaayi mataanni konasaaginchaalani korukuntaru, jatyahankaram nundi kaadu" anie vaadistaaru. aaropanalaku pratispandistuu, slanim haredim sephardi baalikalanu paatasaalaku aahvaaninchi, oka prakatanalo ilaa jodincharu "idhi jaathi gurinchi kaadani memu cheppamu, conny haikortu maa rabbeelaku vyatiraekamgaa vellindi, anduvalla memu jailuku vellaamu."
aneka saamskrutika vibhedaalu, mariyu ijraayelnu nirmuulinchaalanukunee minority patla satrutvam kaaranamgaa, ijrayello jaathi praatipadikana verucheyabadina nishkriyaatmakamgaa saha-unikilo unna communityla vyavastha udbhavinchindi, arab-izrael minority communitylu "pradhana sravanti velupala chikkukupoyayi". sefaradim, ashkenazim mariyu beata izrael (ethiopian santatiki chendina yoodulu) vanti vividha yoodu jaathi samuuhaala (edot) madhya kooda eee vaastava vibhajana undhi, idhi vaastavamgaa vaeru cheyabadina paatasaalalu, gruhanirmaanam mariyu praja vidhaanaaniki daariteestundi. ekikarananu balavantam cheyadaaniki prabhutvam atuvanti paatasaalalanu moosivese karyakramanni praarambhinchindi, ayithe ethiopian samaajamlo kondaru atuvanti paatasaalalannii moosiveyabadaledani firyadu chesaaru. 2007loe jaatyahamkaaraaniki vyatiraekamgaa kendram nirvahinchina mariyu geocartographia institute nirvahinchina oka sarvelo, 75 saatam mandhi izrael yoodulu arab nivaasitulatoe kuudina bhavanamlo nivasinchadaaniki angeekarincharu, 60 saatam mandhi tama illalo arab sandarsakulanu angeekarincharu, 40 saatam mandhi arabbulu tama ootu hakkunu harinchaalani, 59 saatam mandhi arabbula samskruti aadimamainadani nammutaaru. 2012loe jarigina prajabhipraya sekaranalo 53 saatam mandhi izrael yoodulu tama bhavanamlo nivasistunna arabbunu taamu vyatirekinchabomani, 42 saatam mandhi taamu vyatirekistaamani chepparu. arab pillalu tama pillala taragatilo paatasaalalo undataanni vaaru vyatirekistaaraa anie adiginappudu, 49 saatam mandhi taamu cheyabomani, 42 saatam mandhi taamu chestamani chepparu. loukika izrael prajalu atyanta sahanaseelulugaa kanipinchagaa, mataparamaina mariyu haredi prativaadulu atyanta vivakshapuuritamainavaaru.
kenya.
1964loe kenyaalo british valasa paalana mugimpu jaathi vibhajanalo anukokunda perugudalaku daariteesindi. gatamlo european raitulu kaligi unna vyavasaya bhoomulanu private konugollu mariyu prabhutva pathakaala dwara african yajamaanulaku badilee chesaaru. eee polaalu marinta chinna praantalugaa upavibhajana cheyabaddaayi, ummadi valasala kaaranamgaa, aneka prakkane unna praantaalanu vividha jaathi samuuhaala sabhyulu aakramincharu. eee sarihaddula venta eee vibhajana netikee konasaagutundi. vivaadaaspada 2007-08 kenya ennikala nepathyamlo iteevali jaathi himsapai adhyayanamlo, kimuli kasara, eee valasavaada anantara sarihaddulanu jaathi vibhajanaku oka saadhanamgaa upayoginchaaru. 2 dasala kaneesa chadarapu tirogamana vislaeshanha dwara, kenya yokka cheelika loya provincelo perigina jaathi vibhajana jaathi himsa perugudalato mudipadi undani kasara choopinchindi.
liberia.
liberia rajyangam liberian jaateeyatanu neegro prajalaku parimitam chestundi (liberian jaateeyata chattam kooda chudandi).
lebanese mariyu bharatiya jaateeyulu vaanijyamlo, alaage retail mariyu seva rangaalalo churukuga undagaa, europeanlu mariyu americanlu maining mariyu vyavasaya rangaalalo panicheestunnaaru, republicklo deerghakaala nivaasam unna eee minority samuuhaalu vaari jaathi phalitamgaa pourulugaa marakunda nirodhinchabaddaayi.
malaysia.
malaysia daani rajyangamlo oka aartikalnu kaligi undhi, idhi jaathi maleyulu mariyu jaathi-yetara maleyulanu vaeru chestundi-i.ii. bumiputra-itara jaatula chainees mariyu bhaaratheeyulu vanti bumiputra kaani nundi, saamaajika oppandam prakaram, chattam dwara maajee konni pratyeka hakkulu mariyu adhikaaraalaku haamii istundi. eee hakkulu mariyu adhikaaraalanu prasninchadam anedi malaysia raajyaangamlooni 10va artical (iv) dwara chattabaddham cheyabadina antargata bhadrata chattam (isa) kinda khachitamgaa nishedhinchabadindi. saaraamsamlo, aardhika swechcha, vidya, aarogya samrakshana mariyu gruhanirmaanam vanti vishayaalalo aneka addamkulu mariyu vivakshanu edurkontunna malaysialo maleyetara prajalanu rendava taragati pourulugaa pariganistaaru.
anni rakaala jaathi vivaksha (ii. sii. aarr. dii) nirmuulanapai antarjaateeya sadassulo malaysia kooda santakam cheyaledu, alaa cheyani prapanchamlooni konni deshaalalo idhi okati. 2018loe saadhyamayye dhruvikarana, dhesha rajadhanilo malae aadhipatyavaadulu dheenini nivaarinchadaaniki chesina saamuuhika rallyki daariteesindi, adhi jarigithe jaathi sangharshanaku muppu kaligistundi.
ikkada perkonna adhikaralu-veetilo konni-malaysianla aardhika mariyu vidya amsaalu, udhaa.zii. malaysia kotta aardhika vidhanam; malaysiaku european commission pratinidhi brundaaniki naayakatvam vahinchina theory romel vimarsinchina aardhika vidhanam, "gananeeyamaina rakshanavaadam" kuu oka sakuga mariyu prabhutva vishwavidyaalayaalalo maleyulaku adhika praapyatanu konasaginche kotaga.
ituvanti jaathi vibhajana vidhanalu malaysia nundi maanava muuladhana vimaana (medadu paarudala) gananeeyamaina retlanu kaliginchaayi. stanford vishwavidyaalayam chesina oka adhyayanam malaysia medadu paarudala venuka unna pradhana karakallo saamaajika anyayam kooda undani highlight chesindi. desham nundi beaumiputera kaani malaysianla adhika valasa raetlu malae/byoomiputeraalaku anukuulamgaa kanipinche vivakshata vidhaanaala dwara nadapabadutunnayani-vyaparalu praarambhinchadamlo mariyu vidya avakaasaalalo pratyaekamaina adanapu sahayanni andinchadam vantivi anie perkondi.
mauritania.
maritanialo baanisatvam chivaraku augustu 2007loe neerapuuritam cheyabadindi. idhi appatike 1980loe raddu cheyabadindi, ayinappatikee idhi nalla aafrikanlanu prabhaavitam chestondi. desamlo baanisala sankhya sarigga teliyadu, conny idhi 600,000 mandhi purushulu, mahilalu mariyu pillalu ledhaa janabhalo 20 saatam varaku untundani anchanaa veyabadindi.
satabdaalugaa, graameena praantaallo nivasistunna haratin diguva taragati anie pilavabade, ekkuvagaa paedha nalla aafrikanlu, arab/berber puurveekula tella moorlache sahaja banisaluga pariganinchabaddaaru. arab mariyu berber tegalaku chendina aneka mandhi vaarasulu netikee tama puurveekula aadhipatya bhaavajaalaaniki kattubadi unnaaru. eee bhaavajaalam sudan mariyu paschima sahaara praantamlooni anachiveta, vivaksha mariyu itara samuuhaalanu banisaluga cheyadaaniki daariteesindi.
united kingdom.
jaatiparamaina vibajananu britainlo ennadoo chattabaddham cheyakapoyinappatiki, appudappudu pabbulu, karyalayalu, dukaanaalu mariyu itara vaanijya praamganaalu "colour baar" nuu nirvahinchaayi, ikkada swethajaatheeyulu kaani viniyogadaarulu konni gadulu mariyu soukaryaalanu upayoginchakundaa nishedhinchabaddaaru. 20va sataabdamloo konni vruttulalo, gruha nirmaanamloo mariyu buckingham paleslo kooda vibhajana panichesindi. pabbulalo rangu patteeni rays relations act 1965 dwara chattaviruddhamgaa bhaavinchaaru, ayithe sabhyula clubbulu vanti itara samsthalu konni samvatsaraala taruvaata varaku vaari jaathi kaaranamgaa prajalanu nishedhinchagalavu.
united kingdamlo eee rojullo jaathi vibhajanaku chattabaddhamgaa manjuru cheyabadina vyavastha ledhu mariyu jaathi samaanatvaanni korukune chattaala gananeeyamaina jabita undhi. ayithe, mundugaane unna nishkriyaatmakamgaa saha-unikilo unna communityla vyavastha madhya aneka saamskrutika vyatyaasaala kaaranamgaa, united kingdamloni konni praantaallo jaathi praatipadikana vibhajana udbhavinchindi, minority communitylu "pradhana sravanti velupala chikkukupoyayi".
prabhaavita mariyu 'ghetto' communitylu tarachugaa pakistan, bhaaratheeyulu mariyu itara upakhandaalaku praatinidhyam vahistaayi, mariyu jaathi udriktatalaku, mariyu paedha praantaalalo jaathi minorityla madhya jeevana pramaanaalu mariyu vidya mariyu upaadhi sthaayila ksheenataku aadhaaramani bhaavistaaru. eee karakalu pedda asea sanghaalanu kaligi unna uttara inglaandlooni broadford, oldham mariyu harehilslo 2001 aangla jaathi allarlaku kaaranamani kondaru bhaavistaaru.
ituvanti vibhajana, mukhyamgaa nivaasa paramgaa, jaathi samuuhaalanu pratyeka praantaalloki ekapakshamgaa 'nadipinchadam' phalitamgaa alaage kontamandi estate agentlu mariyu itara aasti nipunulache jaathi minority khaataadaarula patla vikreta vivaksha mariyu apanamakam yokka samskruti phalitamgaa unnatlu anipinchavacchu. idhi takkuva jaathi mishrama praantaalalo nivasinchadaaniki ekkuva dhanavantulalo market praadhaanyatanu suuchimchavachchu; takkuva jaathi misramam nivaasa praantam yokka viluva mariyu vaanchaneeyatanu penchutunnatlu bhaavinchabadutundi. jaathi sweeya vibhajana" vanti itara siddhaantaalu konnisaarlu niradhaaramainavigaa chuupimchabaddaayi, mariyu eee amsampai konni sarvelaku jaathi prativaadulu ekkuva mandhi vistruta saamaajika mariyu nivaasa samaikyataku anukuulamgaa unnaaru.
united states.
poura hakkula udyamam nundi united stateslo vaastava vibhajana perigindi, ayithe adhikaarika vibhajana chattaviruddham cheyabadindi. supreme court millicken vii loe teerpu ichindi. paatasaalalu jaathi minahaayimpu kosam vidhaanaalanu churukuga roopondinchananta kaalam, vaastava jaathi vibhajana aamodayogyamainadani broadley (1974) chepparu; appati nundi, asankhyaaka paroksha kaarakaala kaaranamgaa paatasaalalu vaeru cheyabaddaayi.
americaloni tellajati sanghaalu kontha sthaayi jaathi vibajananu elaa konasaginchayi anae daanilo redlining oka bhaagam. idhi tanakha, banking, beema, udyogaalaku praapyata, aarogya samrakshanaku praapyata ledhaa konni, tarachugaa jaathi nirnayaatmaka praantaalalo nivaasitulaku suuparmaarketlu vanti sevala kharchunu tiraskarinchadam ledhaa penchadam. redlining yokka atyanta prabhaavavantamaina roopam, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa eee padam dwara ardham ayye abhyasam, tanakha vivakshanu suuchistumdi. tadupari iravai samvatsaraalalo, tadupari kortu nirnayaalu mariyu samakhya chattalu, "gruha tanakha bahirgatam chattam" mariyu 1975 loe tanakha vivakshanu antam chese charyatho sahaa, yuu. ess loe "dii jyoor" jaathi vibhajana mariyu vivakshanu puurtigaa chelladu.ess. columbia vishwavidhyaalayamloni aardhikavetta rajeev saethee prakaram, americaloni chaalaa metropolitan praantaalalo gruhaalalo nalla-telupu vibhajana nemmadigaa taggutondi. jaathi vibhajana ledhaa vibhajana saamaajika, aardhika mariyu raajakeeya udriktatalaku daariteeyavachchu. poura hakkula shakam taruvaata muppai samvatsaraalu (2000 samvatsaram), united states aneka praantaalalo nivasamga vaeru cheyabadina samajamga undipoyindi, dheenilo nallajaateeyulu, swethajaatheeyulu mariyu hispaniclu chaalaa bhinnamaina naanhyata gala vividha parisaraallo nivasistunnaaru.
2002loe nallajati porugu praantaalalo chinna vyaparalu vyapara saandrata, vyaparala parimaanam, paarisraamika misramam, porugu aadaayam mariyu sthaanika vyaparala credit naanhyatanu lekkinchinappatikii ippatikee takkuva runaalanu pondaayani daan immergluck raasaaru. gregori dii. 2003loe squairs, resu deerghakaalamgaa prabhaavitam chesindani, beema parisrama yokka paalaseelu mariyu paddhatulanu prabhaavitam chestune undani spashtam chesindi. america antargata nagarallo nivasistunna kaarmikulu suburban kaarmikula kante udyogaalu kanugonadam kashtam.
kontamandi vidyaavaettalu tama pillalu vidyaaparamgaa takkuva sthaayi sameekruta paatasaalalaku hajarukavakunda undaalane chaalaa mandhi swethajaatheeyula korikanu nagaraala nundi "tellani vimaanamlo" oka karakamga paerkonnaaru. shaan franciscolo 2007loe jarigina oka adhyayanamlo anni jaatula gruha yajamaanula samuuhaalu oke aardhika sthithi, vidya sthaayi mariyu jaathi vyaktulatoe undataaniki sweeya-vibhajanaku moggu chuupaayani choopinchindi. 1990 natiki, vibajananu amalu chese chattaparamaina addamkulu ekkuvagaa bharti cheyabaddaayi, ayinappatikee nedu chaalaa mandhi tellajati americanlu pradhanamgaa tellajati parisaraallo nivasinchadaaniki premium chellinchadaaniki siddhamgaa unnaaru. tellati praantaallo samaanamaina gruhalu adhika addeku aadesistaayi. eee adhika addelu ekkuvagaa gruhaala sarafaraanu parimitam chese minahaayimpu john vidhaanaalaku aapaadinchabadataayi. 1990la varaku, nivaasa vibhajana daani teevra sthaayilo undipoyindi mariyu kontamandi saamaajika saastravettalu ledhaa "american varnavivaksha" dwara "hyper segregation" anie piluvabadindi.
fibravari 2005loe, yuu.ess. supreme court "johnson vii. california "dhi california department off corrections 'daani jailu reception centerlalo khaideelanu jaatigaa veruchese alikhita abhyasam-idhi khaideela bhadrata kosam anie california perkondi (californialoni mutaalu, yuu. ess antataa vale.ess.saadhaaranamgaa jaathi praatipadikana nirvahinchadam)-kathinamaina pariseelanaku lobadi undaali, idhi rajyanga sameeksha yokka atyunnata sthaayi.
yemen.
yemenlo, arab unnatavargam vaari jaathi lakshanaala aadhaaramgaa diguva taragati all-akhdam prajalaku vyatiraekamgaa vivakshanu aacharistundi.

