
alfred vii. kid

alfred vincent kidder (aktobaru 29,1885-juun 11,1963) 20va sataabdam modati ardhabhaagamlo nairuti united states mariyu madhyaamerikaalo agragamiga pariganinchabade oka american puraavastu shaastravetta. athanu puraavastu paddhatula kramasikshana vyavasthanu charitrapurva gatamloki maanava shaastra suutraalanu vistarinche saadhanamgaa chushadu mariyu uttara america puraavastu saastraaniki modati samagra, kramabaddhamaina vidhaanaaniki srushtikarta kooda.
prarambha jeevitam.
michigaanlooni marketlo janminchina kidder oka maining injanir kumarudu. athanu vaidya paatasaalaku arhata saadhinchaalane uddesyamto haarvard kalasalalo pravesinchaadu, conny premedical korsula nundi prerana pondaledu. athanu 1907loe utah vishwavidhyaalayamlo puraavastu saastramlo vesavi udyogam kosam darakhaastu chesukunnadu. kidder nairuti kolaradoloni messa mariyu loya desham, aagneya utah mariyu nyuu mexico praantaalalo varusaga rendu vesavi kaalam gadipadu. kidder mariyu jesse ell. nusbaum (taruvaata messa varde jaateeya udyaanavanam superintendent), puraavastu survey nirvahinchadaaniki mariyu sidhilaalanu chithreekarinchadaaniki ethnologist jesse walter phoonkestho kalisi messa varde praantaaniki vacchaadu. athanu 1908loe harwardlo bachelor degreeni mariyu 1914loe maanava saastramlo doctoratenu pondaadu.
puraavastu vrutti.
kiddar appudu nairuti disalo aneka dandayaatralanu praarambhinchaadu, chaalaa varaku eshaanya arizonalo. eee dandayaatralanu haarvard yokka peebody museum off archaeology und ethnology mariyu anubandha robbert ess spaansar chesaaru. masaachusetslooni aandovarloni phillips academylo peebody museum off archaeology.
1915 nundi 1929 varaku, kiddar ippudu pecos jaateeya chaaritraka udyaanavanam ayina nyuu meksikoolooni pecos sameepamlo padubadina pueblo vadda sthala tavvakaalanu nirvahinchaadu. athanu 2000 samvatsaraalaku paiga pueblo vadda maanava vrutti sthaayilanu tavvaaru, mariyu kundala sakalaalu mariyu maanava avasheshaala pedda sekaranato sahaa saamskrutika kalakhandala yokka vivaranaatmaka rikaardunu sekarinchaaru. eee vastuvula nundi, athanu 2000 samvatsaraala kritam nundi 19va sataabdam madhya nundi chivari varaku kundala sailula nirantara rikaardunu staapinchagaligaadu. kidder appudu pecos prajala samskrutilo maarpulatoe kalisi kunda sailulalo pokadalu mariyu maarpulanu vislaeshimchi, nairuti disalo praathamika kalakramanni sthaapinchaadu. shamyul zhe. nijaaniki, athanu saamskrutika kaalaalaku kaalakramaanusaaramaina vidhanam yokka praamaanikatanu sthaapinchaadu. puraavastu pradaesaalaloo stratigraphy mariyu kalakramanni kramabaddhamgaa pariseelinchadam dwara maanava samskruti abhivruddhi gurinchi taggimpulanu pondavachani kidder nokki chepparu. eee parisoedhana aadhunika puraavastu kshetra paddhatulaku punaadi vesindi, saamskrutika charitraku sambandhinchi kundalu mariyu itara kalakhandala adhyayanaaniki mottam kundalu mariyu konda nivaasaalu vanti vastuvulanu museum khazanaku jodinche "maryaadapuurvakamaina sahasam" nundi praadhaanyatanu maarchindi. united states looni itara praantaalalo maargadarsaka puraavastu saastravettalu kidder praarambhinchina vruttiparamaina paddati yokka parivartananu puurti chesaaru.
1924loe prachurinchabadina ayana "nairuti puraavastu shaastra adhyayanaaniki parichayam", vruttiparamgaa tirigi pondina anubhavika dayta aadhaaramgaa uttara america puurva charitra yokka modati samslaeshanha. documentationlo ayana chesina prayatnaalu unnappatikee, kidder yokka nirdhaaranalu konnisaarlu athani kshetra nivedikalu mariyu aaa dayta yokka athani tadupari samslaeshanha mariyu vivarana madhya ekikarana lekapovadam kosam vimarsinchabaddaayi. ayithe, vaastava sekarana paddhatulu mariyu spashtamaina nirvachanaala abhivruddhilo shaastreeya "kannu" kosam puraavastu shaastram yokka avasaranni kidder spashtamgaa nokki cheppadu.
1920la chivaralo, kidder nairuti americalo panichestunna puraavastu saastravettalu mariyu jaathi saastravettala kosam pecos samavesalanu praarambhinchaadu. 1927loe, nairuti pradaesaalaloo upayogam kosam pecos vargeekarana vyavastha anie piluvabade naamakarana taatkaalika vyavastha sthaapinchabadindi. appati nundi puraavastu saastravettalu nairuti antataa dozenla koddi pradaesaalaku sumaru teedeelanu ketaayinchadaaniki mariyu vaati madhya saamskrutika sambandhaalu mariyu thedaalanu nirnayinchadaaniki, taruvaati vaividhyaalatoe eee kramaanni upayoginchaaru. adhe samvatsaram athanu american academy off arts und sainsesku pheloga ennikayyaadu. athanu 1934loe american taatvika samaajaaniki ennikayyaadu. 1936loe, kidder 1936loe united states national academy off sainsesku ennikayyaaru. adhe samvatsaram, athanu sumaru 200 BC mariyu 1300 AD madhya nairutilo nivasistunna oka nirdishta saamskrutika samuuhaanni nirvachinchadaaniki navajo padam "anasaji" nuu adhikarikamga upayoginchaadu. richard vetheril yokka prarambha anveshanhala nundi eee padaanni chaalaa mandhi "puraatana prajala" kosam tavvakaalu chesevaaru saadhaaranamgaa upayoginchaaru, mariyu pecos samavesala paniloo anadhikarikamga upayoginchaaru.
puraavastu parisoedhanalaku (1927-1929) saha-baadhyata vahinchina vyaktigaa mariyu carnegie samsthalo chaaritraka parisoedhana vibhagam (1929-1950) chairmanga, kidder gwatemalan ettaina praantaalalo comminalgeulo vistruta sthaayi bahula vibhaga parisoedhana karyakramanni nirvahinchaadu, idhi maaya stratigraphy yokka chatraanni sthaapinchindi. 1939loe athanu haarvardloni peebody museumlo nairuti american puraavastu saastraaniki gourava curator ayyadu.
1951loe, haarvard vishwavidhyaalayaaniki chendina thamus stewart fergusson mariyu gordan villeetho charchallo, mexico mariyu madhya americalo puraavastu sthithini vivarinche punaadini sthaapinchadamlo kidder keelaka paatra pooshinchaaru. aaa charchalaku sambandhinchi, mugguru panditulu angeekarinchaarani fergusson raasaaru...antha mukhyamaina praantamloo chaalaa takkuva pani jaragadam, anveshanalu, tavvakaalanu penchadaaniki edainaa cheyalsina avasaram undatam duradrushtakaram...1930 mariyu 1950 madhya chesina adbhutamaina aavishkaranalu unnappatikee, prii-classic pani 1951loe vaastavamgaa nilichipoyindi. charcha phalitamgaa mexico mariyu madhya america yokka prii-classic nagarikatalaku ankitam cheyabadina kotta samsthanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki memu angeekarinchaamu-kotta prapanchamlo mottamodati unnata samskrutulu."marusati samvatsaram, kotta prapancha puraavastu foundation (enn. doubleu. eah. eff) californialo laabhaapekshaleni, shaastreeya, vaastava-kanugone samsthagaa vileenam cheyabadindi.
sthaanika american samaadhula rakshana mariyu swadaesaaniki tirigi pampadam.
pecos pueblo vadda kidder yokka adhyayanalu mariyu tavvakaala samayamlo, mukhyamgaa 1915 mariyu 1929 madhya, kundalu mariyu itara kalakhandalu robbert ess kuu pampabaddayi. masaachusetslooni andorloni peebody museum, tavvakaallo maanava avasheshaalanu haarvardloni peebody museumku pampaaru. 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo, vaari puurveekula illu mariyu samaadhula tavvakam gurinchi sthaanika american vaarasulatoe yea puraavastu shaastravetta sampradinchaledu. vidichipettabadina pecos pueblo mariyu aadhunika pueblo jemez madhya deerghakaala sambandham gurinchi kiddarku telisinappatikii, kalakhandalu mariyu avasheshaalapai sthaanika janaabhaaku hakku undani athanu pariganinchaledu.
1936 congress chattam dwara, pueblo off jemez pueblo off pekosku chattaparamaina mariyu paripalana pratinidhigaa maarindi, idhi kidder tavvakam samayamlo private yajamanyamlo undedi. sthaanika american graves protection und retactation act (nagpra) phalitamgaa, samakhya mariyu itara museum soukaryaalu jabita cheyadaaniki, saamskrutika anubandhaalanu sthaapinchadaaniki mariyu samakhya registerlo edainaa mariyu anni sthaanika american maanava avasheshaalu mariyu vaari swaadheenamloo unna konni vastuvulanu prachurinchadaaniki avasaram, jemez yokka pueblo pecos prajala tarapuna adhikaarika daavaa vesindi. eee swadaesaaniki tirigi pampadam pradhanamgaa vilium zhe. prayatnaala valla jarigindi. enimidi samvatsaraala paatu eee avasheshaalu mariyu kalakhandala kosam museum recordula dwara sodhinchina jemez pueblo girijana puraavastu shaastravetta watley. kidder tavvakaala nundi maanava avasheshaalanu 1999loe jemez prajalaku tirigi icchi, pecos jaateeya chaaritraka udyaanavanamlo aacharabaddhamgaa punarnirminchaaru. oka konamlo, vaaru kidder thoo tirigi cheraaru, endukante athanu pecos pueblo kii daggaragaa unna kondapai khananam cheyabaddaadu.
kutumba jeevitam.
aame paeru prachuranalalo arudugaa unnappatikee, kidder bhaarya mudlean thana bhartatho kalisi puraavastu saastravettagaa panicheesaaru. kidder manavadu, tii.aarr. kidder aagneya united states yokka pramukha puraavastu shaastravetta.

