
labuwan

labuwan (), adhikarikamga labuwan () yokka samakhya bhuubhaagam, malaysia yokka samakhya bhuubhaagam. daani bhoobhaagamlo thoorpu malaysialoni sabah rashtra teeramlo aaru chinna dveepaalu unnaayi. labuwan rajadhani victoria mariyu 1990 nundi labuwan ibfc dwara antarjaateeya aardhika mariyu vyapara sevalanu andinche afshore aardhika kendramgaa prasiddhi chendindi, alaage eee praantamloo lothaina neeti chamuru mariyu gyaas kaaryakalaapaalaku afshore maddatu kendramgaa undhi. idhi sabah, sameepamloni brunianlu mariyu scooba diverla dwara prayaaninchae prajalaku paryataka gamyasthanam kooda. labuwan anae paeru maale padam "labuhan" nundi vachindi, dheeni ardham naukaasrayam.
charitra.
15va sataabdam nundi moodu sataabdaala paatu, labuwan dveepamtho sahaa borneo yokka uttara mariyu paschima teeram brunai sultanetlo bhaagamgaa undedi. 1775loe, balambangan dveepamlo company station viphalamaina taruvaata british eest india company labuvannu tatkalikamga aakraminchindi. brunai sultan omer allie saifuddin I balambanganku pratyamnaayamgaa labuvannu andinchadam dwara sulu daadi chesevaariki vyatiraekamgaa british eest india company maddatunu pondadaaniki prayatninchaadu, conny, badulugaa company rendava prayatnam chesindi conny balambanganlo oka stationnu erpaatu cheyadamlo viphalamaindi. sultan taruvaata companyki labuvannu tirigi andinchadam valla dveepamlo shaashwata british sthaavaram kooda sthaapinchabadaledu.
19va sataabdamloo labuwan mallee british aasaktini aakarshinchadam praarambhinchinappudu british vidhanam maarindi. james brook 18 december 1846naa brunai sultan omer allie saifuddin IIthoo labuwan oppandam dwara britton kosam dveepaanni swaadheenam chesukunnadu. british naavikaadala adhikari, rodney mundii, thana ooda hcms "iris" thoo brunaini sandarsinchi, british prabhutvam dveepaanni teesukoovadaaniki tudi nirnayam teesukune varaku sultaannu varusalo unchaaru mariyu athanu 24 december 1846naa british kiriitaaniki dveepam pravesaanni chuudataaniki pengiran mumin teesukunnadu. konni muulaalu oppandampai santakam chesetappudu, sultan yokka rajabhavanampai kaalpulu jarapadaniki siddhamgaa unna british naavikaadala yuddhanauka dwara sultan bedirinchabaddaadani, maroka muulam prakaram, athanu oppandampai santakam cheyadaaniki niraakaristhe, dveepam samudrapu dongala poraatamlo sahayamga bahumatigaa britanku ivvabadindi.
eee dveepaanni british vaaru swaadheenam chesukovadaniki pradhana kaaranam eee praantamloo vaari vaanijya prayojanaalanu kaapaadataaniki mariyu dakshina chaina samudramlo samudrapu dongatanaanni anachiveyadaaniki oka naukaadala sthaavaraanni erpaatu cheyadam. eee dveepam tadupari singapur kaavacchu anie british vaaru kooda vishwasinchaaru. eee dveepam 1848loe modati governor mariyu commander-inn-cheefga james brook niyaminchabaddaadu, vilium napier athani leftinent-governorga niyaminchabaddaadu. 1849loe, thoorpu dveepasamuuha samstha labuwan boggu nikshaepaalanu dopidi cheyadaaniki prayatninchina aneka british companylalo modatidigaa maarindi. dveepam mariyu borneo prakkane unna teeramlo boggu nikshaepaalanu dopidi cheyadaaniki company erpadindi, conny tvaralo james brooktho vivaadamloo chikkukundi. goppa vaanijya ledhaa vyuuhaatmaka aastigaa niroopinchukoni labuwan paripalananu 1890loe british north borneo companyki appaginchaaru. 1894loe, dveepam yokka samachara maarpidini uttara borneo, singapur mariyu hangkanglatho anusandhaaninchadaaniki british vaaru modatisaarigaa oka jalaantargaami samachara kebulnu nirminchaaru. 1906 aktobaru 30 natiki, british prabhutvam labuvannu chaerchadaaniki jalasandhi sthaavaraala sarihaddulanu vistarinchaalani pratipaadinchindi. eee pratipaadana 1907 janavari 1 nundi amaluloki vachindi.
rendava prapancha yuddhamlo, labuvannu japan 3 janavari 1942 nundi juun 1945 varaku aakraminchindi mariyu uttara borneoni niyantrinche japanese 37va sainyam yokka vibhaagaalache rakshinchabadindi. eee dveepam japanese dalaalaku paripalana kendramgaa panichesindi. aakramana samayamlo, japan prabhutvam uttara borneoloni modati japanese commander ghnaapakaartham, marquis toshinari maida taruvaata 9 december 1942naa dveepa paerunu maida dveepam (["maida-shima"]) gaa maarchindi. sarawak looni bintulu vadda air feeled nuu teravadaaniki dveepaaniki veltunnappudu jarigina vimaana pramaadamloo maida maraninchaadu. mitraraajyaala edurudaadi daggarapadatamto, japaneeyulu labuwan mariyu brunai baenu kooda naukaadala sthaavaramgaa abhivruddhi chesaaru.
1945 juun 10naa australian majer general georg wooten aadhvaryamlo australian sainyam operation obo six sankethanamamtho daadini praarambhinchinappudu mitraraajyaala dalaalu borneo vimukti praarambhinchaayi. mitraraajyaala dalaalu tirigi swaadheenam chesukovadam labuwan pradhana lakshyamgaa maarindi. tvaralo, australian sainyam yokka 9va vibhagam labuwan airstripnu swaadheenam chesukune varaku vaimanika daadulu mariyu samudra bambu daadula maddatutoe daadini praarambhinchindi. juun 10naa digipoyina naalugu rojullone victoria pradhana pattanamtho sahaa labuwan dveepa praantamloo ekkuva bhaagam mitraraajyaala dalaala niyantranalo undhi. 1945 septembaru 9naa, japanese leftinent general masao baba ippudu layang-layang beach sameepamlo longipoye pradaesam anie piluvabade pradaesamloe adhikarikamga longipoyadu, dheenini athanu 9va division armi commander georg wooten mundu longipoye patrampai santakam cheyadaaniki dveepamlooni 9va division pradhana kaaryaalayaaniki teesukuvacchaaru.
labuwan paerunu taruvaata british vaaru punaruddharinchaaru mariyu eee dveepam migilina jalasandhi sthaavaraalatho kalisi british sainika paripaalanalo nirvahinchabadindi. labuwan appudu 1946 juulai 15naa uttara borneo crown kaalaneelo cherindi, idhi 1963loe sabah mariyu malaysia raashtramlo bhaagamaindi. 1984loe, sabah prabhutvam labuvannu samakhya prabhutvaaniki appaginchindi, taruvaata samakhya bhoobhagamgaa cherchabadindi. dheenini 1990loe antarjaateeya samudrateera aardhika kendram mariyu swechhaa vaanijya jonga prakatinchaaru.
bhougolikam.
labuwan praantamloo pradhana dveepam (labuwan dveepam-) mariyu aaru itara chinna dveepaalu, burung, dott, kuraman, pedda rusukan, chinna rusukan mariyu papan dveepam unnaayi. eee dveepaalu malaysia rashtram sabaaku prakkane unna borneo teeramlo, dakshina chaina samudraaniki edurugaa brunai bay yokka uttara anchuna brunai darussalam uttaraana unnaayi. labuwan dveepam pradhanamgaa chadunaina mariyu alalutho untundi; samudra mattaniki paina unna daani ettaina pradaesam bookit kubang. dveepamlo 70 saataaniki paiga ippatikee vrukshasampadato kappabadi undhi. victoria pradhana pattana praantam brunai beki edurugaa unna sthithilo undhi.
vaataavaranam.
labuwan loe podi kaalam laeni ushnamandala varshaaranya vaataavaranam undhi. oka samvatsaram vyavadhilo, ushnograta saadhaaranamgaa maarutuu untundi mariyu arudugaa krinda ledhaa paina untundi. vecchani kaalam april 1 nundi juun 13 varaku untundi, sagatu rojuvaaree adhika ushnograta paina untundi. samvatsaramlo atyanta vaedigaa unde roeju april 29, sagatu adhika mariyu takkuva. challani kaalam janavari 7 nundi fibravari 17 varaku untundi, sagatu rojuvaaree adhika ushnograta krinda untundi. samvatsaramlo atyanta challani roeju september 8, sagatu takkuva mariyu adhika ushnogratato. labuwan vaataavarana kendram labuwan vimaanaasrayamloo undhi.
aaa rojullo 60 saatam varshapaatamto labuwanlo urumulu, merupulu atyanta teevramaina varshapaatam. avi chaalaa tarachugaa sambhavinchinappudu, october chuttoo unde avakaasam undhi. intalo, labuwan saapeksha aardrata saadhaaranamgaa samvatsaramlo 63 saatam (telikapati thema) nundi 96 saatam (chaalaa thematho kuudina) varaku untundi, arudugaa 53 saatam kante takkuvagaa padipotundi mariyu 100% (chaalaa thematho kuudina) varaku cherutundi.
prabhutvam.
malaysia samakhya prabhutva bhoobhagalalo labuwan okati. eee dveepaanni samakhya bhuubhaagaala mantritva saakha dwara samakhya prabhutvam nirvahistundi. labuwan corporation dveepaaniki purapalaka prabhutvam mariyu dveepam yokka abhivruddhi mariyu paripalanaku baadhyata vahinche chhairman netrutvamlo undhi. labuwan kuu paarlamentu diguva mariyu eguva sabhalalo prati okkadaanilo oka pratinidhi unnaaru. saadhaaranamgaa, labuwan paarlamentu prastuta sabhyudini labuwan corporation chairmanga niyamistaaru.
eee dveepaaniki paarlamentu diguva sabhalo empi suheli abdul rahman praatinidhyam vahistunnaaru mariyu eguva sabhalo party sinta sabaaku chendina senator anifa aman praatinidhyam vahistunnaaru, tadwara athanu modati labuwan kaani nivaasa senator ayyadu.
2001 nundi prastuta thedhee varaku labuwan corporation nirvaahakula jabita krinda ivvabadindi
paripalana upavibhaagam.
samakhya bhuubhaagam paripalanaparamga rajadhani bandar victoria mariyu 27 "compung" (paripalana gramalu) gaa upavibhajana cheyabadindi, veetini niyaminchabadina "ketuva compung" (adhipatulu) paalistaaru
bhadrata.
naukaadala gastee noukalu, oka rakshana dalam mariyu dveepam aadhaaramgaa oka vaimanika dalamtho bhadrata anedi samakhya prabhutva baadhyata. sthaanika coast gaard mariyu customs mariyu excise yokka nigha labuwan yokka pratishta mariyu antarjaateeya samudrateera aardhika kendram mariyu swechhaa vaanijya jonga hodaanu nirvahinchadaaniki dohadam chestundi.
janabha.
janabha mariyu matam.
malaysia ganaanka vibhagam prakaram, 2010 janabha lekkala prakaram labuwan janabha 86,908 mariyu 2020 janabha lekkala prakaram 95,120. 2020loe labuwanlo jaathi kuurpuh malae prajalu (34,068), kadjan-dusun, rungus (9,408), bajou (6,866), murat (1265), chainees (9,843), indians (891), lundeh mariyu itara jaathi samuuhaalu (21,947), mariyu maleshiyetara pourulu (10,832). laabuvaanloni chainees prajalalo ekkuva mandhi hokeen maandalika samuuhaaniki chendinavaaru (conny dveepakalpaaniki alaage vidaesaalaku valasala kaaranamgaa taggutuu vachindi); ayithe, chaalaa mandhi hakkalu kooda unnaayi, veerilo ekkuva mandhi valasadaarulu ledhaa pradhana bhuubhaagam sabah nundi valasa vacchina vaari vaarasulu alaage sthaanikamgaa janminchina hakkalu, valasa kaalam varaku 2 nundi 3 taraalaku paiga eee dveepamlo sthirapaddaaru, dheenilo vaaru valasadaarulu ledhaa vyaapaarulu pradhana bhuubhaagaaniki raakamundu (idhi 1963 nundi 1984 varaku sabah rashtra paridhiloo teerapraanta munisipaliteegaa unnappatikee) alaage poruguna unna sarawak nundi fujaunis yokka athi takkuva minority, ekkuvagaa prabhutva sibbandigaa panicheestunnaaru mariyu petrolium mariyu gyaas afshore parisramalalo niyaminchabadina vaaru mariyu kontavaraku takkuva sankhyalo minority ayina vaaru kooda unnaaru, veeru kooda ikkada nivasinche sthaanikulu ledhaa sthaanika nivaasitulu.
 janabha lekkala prakaram labuwan janabha muslim, christian, 9 saatam bouddhulu, 0.40 saatam hinduvulu, 2.1 saatam itara mataala anucharulu, 0.01 saatam mataaniki chendanivaaru.
aardhika vyavastha.
labuwan aardhika vyavastha daani vistaaramaina chamuru mariyu gyaas vanarulu mariyu antarjaateeya pettubadi mariyu banking sevalapai vruddhi chendutundi. labuwan chaalaa varaku digumati-egumati aadhaarita aardhika vyavastha. mudi chamuru, mithanol, hetch. bii. ii, gyaas, pindi, janthu aaharam, samudra utpattulu mariyu syramic tails vanti daadaapu anni vastuvulu malaysia dveepakalpaaniki ledhaa vidaesaalaku egumati cheyabadataayi. mudi padaarthaalu, bhagalu mariyu paarisraamika upayogaala kosam parikaraalu alaage viniyogadaaru utpattulu digumati cheyabadataayi. 2004loe labuwan yokka bahya vaanijyam yokka mottam viluva 1995loe kevalam idi3 billionla nundi idi1 billionla nikara vaanijya migulu viluvaku cherukundi. daani pradhana vaanijya bhagaswamulalo bharatadesam, malaysia dveepakalpam, sarawak mariyu dakshina korea unnaayi. daani egumatulalo 65 saatam petrolium mariyu gyaas aadhaarita utpattulu.
labuwan sthuula desheeya utpatti (zii. dii. pii) 2012loe 5.8 saatam vruddhi retutho <ii. dii. 1> billionga anchanaa veyabadindi. 2012loe labuwan jidipilu talasari 39,682.2012loe labuvanlaku mottam upaadhi 39,800. labuwanlo pradhana aardhika rangaalu seva mariyu tayari, idhi dveepa gdpki 94.6 saatam dohadapadindi. seva rangam pradhanamgaa aardhika mariyu beema mariyu real estate mariyu vyapara sevalanu kaligi undhi. intalo, tayari rangam pradhanamgaa chamuru mariyu gyaas parisrama mariyu maddatu kaligi undhi.
labuwan antarjaateeya vyaparam mariyu aardhika kendram labuwan ibfc october 1990loe malaysia yokka ekaika samudrateera aardhika kendramgaa srushtinchabadindi mariyu labuwan antarjaateeya samudrateera aardhika kendram (iofc) paerutoe panichestondi. aaa samayamlo malaysia sthuula jaateeya utpatti (gnp) kii aardhika sevala sahakaranni balopetam cheyadaaniki alaage dveepam mariyu daani parisaraalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki idhi sthaapinchabadindi. labuwan afshore financial services authority ledhaa lofsa paryavekshinche adhikara paridhi, nikara audit phalitaalapai 3 saatam pannu ledhaa trading companylaku malaysian ringgit (mair) 20,000 yokka flat raetu vanti prayojanaalanu andistundi; takkuva kaaryaacharana kharchulu; udaara marpidi niyantranalu; mariyu takshaname labhinche, anubhavagnulaina mariyu vruttiparamaina seva pradaatalatoe sahaa itara prayojanaalanu andistundi. 2010loe pannu swargaalu mariyu offshorlapy prapancha ottidi kaaranamgaa "afshore" anae bhavananu labuwan yokka anni saasanaala nundi minahaayinchaaru.
daani prarambham nundi, eee adhikara paridhi 17,600 kante ekkuva afshore companylu mariyu prapanchamlooni pramukha byaankulatoe sahaa 300 kante ekkuva licenses pondina aardhika samsthalaku sthaavaramgaa maarindi. ibfcki 370kii paiga registered foundationlu, 100 bhagaswamyalu mariyu 63kii paiga licenses pondina trustlu kooda unnaayi. labuwan ibfc asea pasiphik praantamloo pradhana antarjaateeya vyapara mariyu aardhika kendramgaa maaradaaniki dookudugaa vruddhi vyuuhaanni praarambhistoondi.
labuwan yokka vyapara drushti aidu pradhana rangaalapai undih afshore holding companylu, captive insurance, sharia-compliant islaamik finance structures, public mariyu private funds mariyu sampada nirvahana. 2006 augustulo malaysia antarjaateeya islaamik finance center choravanu praarambhinchadam dwara labuwan ibfc yokka sthaanam marinta merugupadindi.
aasaktigala pradaesaalu.
labuwanlo aneka aakarshanhalu mariyu aasaktigala pradaesaalu unnaayi. labuwan yuddha smasaanavaatikalo vividha yuddha samadhulu mariyu rendava prapancha yuddhamlo maraninchina vaari smaaraka chihnalu unnaayi. indulo british, australian, indian, saravakian, brunian, north borne mariyu saamraajya dalaalu unnaayi, idhi 3,908 mandhi sainikula samaadhulatoe atipedda yuddha samadhiga nilichindi. prati naalugu samvatsaraalaku okasari smaaraka dinotsavam sandarbhamgaa smaaraka seva nirvahinchabadutundi.
1945loe australian dalaalaku japaneeyulu longipoyinanduku vaedukagaa oka smaaraka chihnam kooda undhi. prasiddha sthaanika mylurayi ayina chimneetho sahaa raayal naevii boggu stationga labuwan charitra avasheshaalu kooda unnaayi. ikkada labuwan samudra museum kooda undhi.
labuwan naalugu prasiddha sidhilaala meeda diving cheyadaaniki kooda aadharamh cement sidhilaalu, american sidhilaalu, (modati US selute), australian sidhilaalu mariyu neelam neeti sidhilaalu.
labuwanlo aneka paatasaalalu unnaayi. ayithe, ikkada labuwan international school anae oke oka antarjaateeya paatasaala undhi. itara aasaktikaramaina pradaesaalaloo labuwan antarjaateeya samudra creeda samudaayam unnaayi. kottagaa pratipaadinchabadina merina center mariyu labuwan square project 2010loe puurtayimdi.
labuwan yokka sonta unnata vidyaasamstha university malaysia sabah labuwan antarjaateeya praamganam, idhi sepangar bay, kotaa kinaabaalulooni university malaysia sabah yokka oka saakha. labuwanlo oka matriculation kalaasaala kooda undhi, idhi thoorpu malaysialo unna ekaika matriculation kalaasaala. anduvalla, sabah, sarawak mariyu labuwan nundi prii-university vidyaarthulandaruu ikkada vaari korsulu teesukuntaaru.
tapala stampulu mariyu tapala charitra.
1864 natiki labuwanlo oka tapala karyalayam panicheestuu, postmarkga vruttaakaara thedhee stampnu upayoginchindi. bharatadesam mariyu hankong tapala billalanu konni mails loe upayoginchaaru, conny avi bahusha labuwan loe ammakaniki kakunda vyaktulu akkada teesukellaaru. mail singapur dwara pampabadindi. 1867 nundi, labuwan adhikarikamga jalasandhi sthaavaraala tapala billalanu upayoginchindi, conny 1879 maeloe daani swantam jaarii cheyadam praarambhinchindi.
praarambhamlo modati stampu jaareeki roopakalpana sago poms samuuhaanni varninchaalani pratipaadinchinappatikii, aardhika kaaranaala valla, queen heads roopakalpana chivaraku sweekarinchabadindi, praarambhamlo grenada tapala stampula kosam upayoginchabadindi. labuwan yokka modati stampulu raani victoria yokka saadhaarana profilenu varnistaayi, conny "labuwan tapala" thoo paatu malae-arabic (jaavi) mariyu chainees lipilo chekkabadatam asaadhaaranam. shaashwata korata kaaranamgaa 1880lalooni aneka punahmudranalu mariyu rangu maarpula madhya vividha rakaala adanapu chaarjeelu avasaramayyayi. asalu stampulu chekkabaddayi, conny chivari design, april 1894loe, lithography dwara cheyabaddaayi.
mae 1894 nundi, uttara borneo yokka stampulu "labuwan" paie mudrinchabaddaayi. 1896 septembaru 24naa, session yokka 50va vaarshikotsavaanni uttara janmasthayi stampulapai "1846/jubely/1896" anie mudrinchadam dwara gurtinchabadindi. 1890laloe adanapu mudralu kanipinchaayi. 1899loe aneka rakalaku 4 sentla viluvatho adanapu chaarjeelu vidhinchabaddaayi.
chivari labuwan-matrame design 1902loe bayataku vachindi, idhi oka kireetam mariyu chekkabadina "labuwan kaalanee" nuu varnistundi. 1906loe jalasandhi sthaavaraalalo vileenam ayina taruvaata, labuwan daani swantha stampulanu jaarii cheyadam maanesindi, ayinappatikee avi kontakaalam chellubaatu ayyayi. migilina vaatilo chaalaa varaku collectorlaku ammakaniki raddu cheyabaddaayi mariyu ippudu naanhelu matrame viluvainavi; nijamaina franked/post upayoginchina stampulu chaalaa ekkuva viluvainavi.
federal paarlamentu seatlu.
samakhya paarlamentulo labuwan pratinidhula jabita (devan rockat)

