tainia (tape warm)

tainia anedi tape warms (oka rakamaina helminth) yokka tynidae kutumbaaniki chendina rakam jaathi. indulo konni mukhyamaina pasuvula paraannajeevulu unnaayi. eee jaatiki chendina sabhyulu maanavulalo tyniasis mariyu systesercosisku baadhyata vahistaaru, ivi nirlakshyam cheyabadina ushnamandala vyaadhula samuuhaaniki chendina helmintiasis rakalu. 100 kante ekkuva jaatulu namodu cheyabaddaayi. avi padanirmaanaparamgaa proglotids anie piluvabade vibhagala shrenitho kuudina ribbon lanty shareeramtho vargeekarinchabadataayi; anduvalla dheeniki "tainia" (greeku ταίνια, "tainia" antey ribbon, patti ledhaa chaara) anae paeru vachindi. sareeram yokka puurva chivara scholex. tainia" jaatiki chendina kontamandi sabhyulu saayudha scholex ("thala" praantamloo unna hooks mariyu/ledhaa vennemukalu) kaligi untaaru; rendu pradhana maanava paraannajeevulalo, "tainia saginata" nii nirayudha scholex kaligi untundi, ayithe "tainia sooliyam" nii saayudha scholex kaligi untundi.
proglotids oka kendra andaasayaanni kaligi untaayi, daani venuka bhaagamlo oka vitralarium (pacchasona grandhi) untundi. anni cyclophilid sestodela maadirigaane, proglotid vaipu jananendri randhram sambhavistundi. proglotid ksheeninchinappudu gudlu vidudalavutaayi, kabatti garbhasaya randhram anavasaram.
jeevita chakram.
"tii. saginata "sumaru 1,000-2,000 proglotids podavu untundi, prati gravid proglotid 100,000 gudlanu kaligi untundi, ayithe t. sooliyam "loe sumaru 1,000 proglotids untaayi, prati gravid proglotid loe 60,000 gudlu untaayi.
maanavulalo "tainia" yokka vaividhyam.
maanavulu "tainia" jaatulanu ("tii. sooliyam, "tii. asiatica, "mariyu" tii. saginata)) pedda ksheeradaalanu pempakam chesina taruvaata, sarvabhakshaka aaharam mariyu prarambha hominidla metha aadhunika maanavulu mariyu adhunaatana vyavasayam yokka perugudalaku mundu puurveekula "tainia" madhya sambandham sthaapinchabadindani suuchistumdi. maanavulu jantuvulanu pempakam cheyadam valla "tainia" jaatulu kotta madhyantara atidheyulu, pasuvulu mariyu pandulaku parichayam ayyayani aadharalu suuchistunnaayi.
padanirmaana mariyu paramaanu samacharam prakaram "tainia" pratyeka maanava paraannajeevula vaividhyam munupati hominidlatho mariyu aadhunika "homo sapiens" unikiki mundu neerugaa mudipadi undhi. maanavulu mariyu "tainia" yokka asalu khachitamaina mariyu madhyantara atidheyala madhya pratyaksha predator-pray sambandhaalu eee atidheyi maarpuku daariteesaayi. prarambha hominidlu "tainia" yokka madhyantara atidheyulalo okataina jinkanu ekkuvagaa vetaadevaarani paryaavarana aadharalu choopinchaayi, tadwara ksheeradaala pempakaaniki mundu paraannajeevi dwara munupati valasaraajyaalaku daariteesindi. prarambha hominidlu sarvabhakshaka aaharaanni kaligi undevaaru; vaaru vetagallu mariyu scavengerlu. pleocene chivaralo sub-sahara africa savannalo jinka samruddhi phalitamgaa hominidlu mariyu felids, conids mariyu hynids vanti itara mamsahara jantuvulaku vistaaramaina aahara vanarugaa maarindi. jinkalanu vetade ledhaa champabadina jinkalanu tudichivese hominidlu hominidlu mariyu "tainia" madhya atitheya-paraannajeevi sambandhaanni praarambhinchaayi. eee samayamlo, hominidlaku vaari aaharaanni vandukune sadhanalu undakapovachhu. idhi vandani maamsam tinadam valla sistisersi vachhe avakaasaalanu baga penchi undedi. alaage, khachitamaina atitheyaanni neerugaa teesukovadam dwara paraannajeevi yokka prasaram meruguparachabadi undavacchu. pleocene mariyu plystocene kaalaala chivaralo "homo" jaatulu jinkalanu mepadaaniki paraannajeevi dayta maddatu istundi. idhi puurveekula "tainia" yokka prarambha parichayaniki anugunamgaa untundi mariyu "tii" loe pratyekata kaligi untundi. sooliyam, "tii. saginata, "mariyu" tii. asiatica, "tadwara prarambha hominidlu khachitamaina atitheyulugaa valasarajyaluga marai.
tainia" kosam atidheya marpidi mamsaahaarulalo chaalaa prabalamgaa undhi mariyu cospeciation dwara saakahaarulalo takkuva prabalamgaa undhi. maamsaahaarulu-hynids, felids mariyu hominids madhya "tainia" valasarajyala 50-60% adhikamgaa sambhavistundi. paraannajeevini pondadam anedi madhyantara atidheyula kante khachitamaina atidheyula madhya tarachugaa jarugutundi. anduvalla, atitheya marpidi pasuvulu mariyu pandula nundi vacchi undakapovachhu. tainia" jaatulu pasuvulu mariyu pandulanu madhyavarti aatidhyam ichhevigaa sthaapinchadam paryavasanamga maanavulato maanavataavaada sambandham kaaranamgaa undhi. gatha 1,000 samvatsaraalalo, maanavula nundi pasuvula varaku mariyu pandula varaku sambandhita "tainia" jaatula valasarajyam sthaapinchabadindi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, puurveekula "tainia" yokka valasarajyam prarambha hominidlapy 1.0-2.5 million samvatsaraala kritam sthaapinchabadindi. maanava "tainia" valasarajyalu ksheeradaala pempakaanni puurvasthitiki teesukuvachayani idhi spashtamgaa choopistundi.

