
goppa binandrian bhashalu

grater binanderian ledhaa guhu-oro bhashalu papuwan dveepakalpam yokka eshaanya teeram vembadi matlade bhasha kutumbam-kotta ginia yokka "pakshi thoka"-mariyu uttaraana nundi iteevali vistaranagaa kanipistundi. vaatini stephen wurm (1975) mariyu malcum rose (2005) dwara trans-nyuu ginia bhashala saakhagaa vargeekarinchaaru, conny timothy asher (2020) dwara (sambandhita goilalan bhaashalatho paatu) tolaginchaaru. binandere kutumbam sarainadi paaradarsakamgaa chellutundi; rose dheenini sarvanama saakshyaala aadhaaramgaa guhu-semen isolateku anusandhaaninchindi, mariyu dheenini small horn (2011) dhruveekarinchindi. proto-binanderian (idhi guhu-samanenu minahayinchi) small hornlo (2011) punarnirminchabadindi.
bhasha parichayam.
binanderian teeram vembadi samudra bhashalu matlade prajala sthaavaraalu kramamga binanderian bhashalu matlade lothattu samajalalo vileenam ayyayani aadharalu unnaayi (broadshaw 2017). udaaharanaku, papuwan kona bhashala yokka sove padha kramam binanderian prabhavam kaaranamgaa undhi.
corafe samudra bhashala nundi gananeeyamaina prabhavanni chooputundi. intalo, oro provincelo matlade mysine, chaalaa bhaarii binandrian prabhaavamtho kuudina samudra bhasha, mishrama bhashala vilakshana lakshanaalanu chooputundi.
morob provincelo matlade guhu-samane vibhinnamainadi, idhi nambami vanti samudra bhaashalatho vistrutamaina chaaritraka sambandham kaaranamgaa undavacchu.
vargeekarana.
grater binanderian bhaashalo guhu-samane bhasha mariyu saraina binanderian bhashalu unnaayi.
small horn (2011:444) eee krindi vargeekarananu andistundihi
ayithe, dakshina binandrian mariyu nuclear binandrian anevi vamsapaaramparya sambandhaalu kaanivi. 
oro provins tarvaata binanderian bhashalanu saraina "oro" anie piliche asher (2020), claudistic kaani sambandhaalanu punarutpatti cheyakapovadame kakunda, vaatini chaalaa saruupyamgaa vargeekarinchaaruh
janabha.
small horn (2011:3) eee krindi binandrian bhashalaku janabha ganaamkaalanu andistundi.
proto-longuage.
sarvanamalu.
rose (2005) swatantra sarvanamalu mariyu shabda vyakti upasargalu rendintinee punarnirminchindih
1esgy matrame trans-nyuu ginia setnu konasaagistundi.
padajaalam.
proto-binanderian mariyu itara diguva sthaayi punarnirmaanaala yokka krindi empika chesina punarnirmaanaalu trans-nyuu ginia database nundi unnaih
parinaamam.
proto-trans-nyuu ginia (ptng) vyutpatti yokka pedda binanderian praticharyaluh
binandere bhashah
corafe bhashah
suena bhashah
yegaa bhashah
phonotactics.
koeriyan bhashala maadirigaane, binanderian bhashalu open aksharaalanu matrame anumatistaayi mariyu tudi sii. vii. sii. nii anumatinchavu.

