pulmonary pleuria

pulmonary pleure ("paadandi."pleura) anedi oopiritittula meeda mariyu chuttupakkala chaatii godala lopali bhaagamlo unna serus pora yokka rendu vyatiraeka poralu.
viseral pleura anie piluvabade lopali pleura, prati oopiritittula uparitalaanni kappi unchutundi mariyu oopiritittula lobes madhya "pagullu" gaa munigipotundi mariyu pindam abhivruddhi samayamlo prati thoracic sanchiloki oopiritittula moggalanu invagination cheyadam dwara erpadutundi. parietal pleura anie piluvabade bayati pora, mediastinum yokka prati vaipuna thoracic kuharam yokka lopali uparitalaalanu rekhalu chestundi, mariyu "mediastinal" (fibrus pericardium, annavahika mariyu thoracic mahadhamani yokka pakka uparitalaalanu cover chestundi), "diaphragmatic" (diaphragom yokka eguva uparitalaanni cover chestundi), "coastal" (pakkatemuka lopalanu cover chestundi) mariyu garbhasaya (supropleral pora diguva bhaganni cover chestundi) pleura gaa upavibhajana cheyavachu. viseral mariyu mediastinal parietal pluralu oopiritittula moolamlo (hilam) "pleural reflections" anie piluvabade mruduvaina madata dwara anusandhaaninchabadi untaayi mariyu hilam kinda velaadutunna viseral pleuraku ganta sleeve lanty podigimpunu pulmonary ligament anie pilustaaru.
rendu plurala madhya pleural kuharam (pleural space kooda) anie piluvabade sambhaavya sthalam untundi, idhi saadhaaranamgaa koolipoyi, plurala dwara sravinche chinna mottamlo serus dravam ("pleural dravam") thoo nindi untundi mariyu aarogyakaramaina paristhitulalo vaidyaparamgaa vacuumga pariganinchabadutundi. paarshvapu pluratho chuttabadi unna rendu oopiritittulu, dadapuga thoracic kuharanni nimputaayi.
anatomy.
prati pleuralo chadunaina (polusula) ledhaa cuboidal mesothelial kanaala yokka saadhaarana yeka poratho tayaaru cheyabadina uparitala serosa untundi, idhi microville varaku podavugaa untundi. mesothelium neelamaaliga pora lekunda untundi, mariyu elastine-adhikamgaa unde lamine yokka rendu paelavamaina nirvachinchina poralanu kaligi unna baga vascularised antarleena vadulugaa unde bandhana kanajaalam dwara maddatu istundi. coastal parial pleuralo sub serosalo adiposaitlu kooda untaayi, ivi "sub pleural/extraplural kovvulu" gaa untaayi mariyu hystologicalga endothorasic faasiyaaku chendinavigaa pariganinchabadataayi, ivi sub serosanu pakkatemukala lopali periostium nundi vaeru chestaayi. rendu pluralu vaati antarleena nirmaanaalaku chaalaa gattiga anusandhaaninchabadi untaayi mariyu saadhaaranamgaa uparitala glycocalislatho kappabadi untaayi, ivi dravam nashtanni parimitam chestaayi mariyu gharshananu taggistaayi.
pleural space anie piluvabade pariyal mariyu viseral plurala madhya pariveshtita sthalam, saadhaaranamgaa pariyal pluraloni apical praantam nundi sravinche chinna mottamlo (kante takkuva) seros dravam dwara matrame nindi untundi. uparitala ottidi, ancotic peedanam mariyu oopiritittula parenkaima yokka antargata saage tirogamanam mariyu chaatii goda yokka drudhatvam valla kalige dravam peedanam taggadam, phalitamgaa pleural space lopala saadhaaranamgaa-5 sem. mea. (sumaru) pratikuula peedanam erpadutundi, deenivalla idhi ekkuvagaa sambhavaneeya pradaesamgaa koolipotundi, idhi pariyal mariyu viseral plurala madhya kriyaatmaka vacuum interfacega panichestundi. swaasakosha kandaraalu kudinchipovadam valla chaatii kuharam vistaristundi, deenivalla jatacheyabadina parial pleura kooda bayati vaipu vistaristundi. pleural functional vacuum chekkuchedarakunda unte, pleural space veelainanta varaku koolipotundi mariyu viseral pleuranu bayatiki laagadaaniki kaaranamavutundi, idhi antarleena oopiritittulanu kooda vistaranaloki laagutundi. idhi ottidi pratikuulatanu alvioli mariyu branchioliloki prasaram chestundi, tadwara peelchukoovadaanni sulabhataram chestundi.
viseral pleura.
viseral pleura (nundi) oopiritittula uparitalaalu mariyu hiller nirmaanaalanu kappi unchutundi mariyu pulmonary ligament anie piluvabade macentary lanty bandga hilam nundi koudalleegaa vistaristundi. prati oopiritittulu pleura yokka infoldingla dwara pagullugaa lobsga vibhajinchabaddaayi. pagullu oopiritittulanu vibhajinchi vaati vistaranaku sahayapade pleuraku rendu retlu, oopiritittulaloni bhagalu (saadhaaranamgaa besal vibhagalu) raddi ledhaa ekikarana kaaranamgaa sarigga vistarinchadamlo viphalamainappatiki oopiritittulu marinta samarthavantamgaa ventilate cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistaayi.viseral pleura yokka pani dravam utpatti cheyadam mariyu tirigi grahinchadam. idhi oopiritittulato anubandham mariyu viseral sensory neuronla dwara inversion kaaranamgaa noppiki sunnitatvam laeni praantam.
viseral pleura kooda interlobular septanu yerparustundi (idhi dviteeya pulmonary lobulsnu vaeru chestundi). interlobular septalo bandhana kanajaalam, pulmonary siralu mariyu shosharasaalu untaayi.
pariyal pleura.
endothorasic fasia dwara thoracic goda nundi vaeru cheyabadina thoracic kuharam lopali bhaagamlo pariyal pleura (nundi) untundi. paarsvamlo pakkatemuka yokka lopali uparitalam mariyu diaphragom yokka eguva uparitalam, alaage mediastinum yokka pakka uparitalaalu untaayi, dheeni nundi idhi pleural kuharanni vaeru chestundi. idhi pulmonary hilam mariyu pulmonary ligament yokka pericardial bays vadda viseral pleuralo "hiller reflection" anie piluvabade mruduvaina conny teevramgaa koona circumferential junctionga kalustundi.
pariyal pleura adhi kappi unche uparitalam prakaram upavibhajana cheyabadutundi.
neurovascular sarafara.
botanavelu niyamam prakaram, pleura yokka raktam mariyu naraala sarafara daani krinda unna nirmaanaala nundi vastundi. viseral pleuranu oopiritittula uparitalaaniki (pulmonary circulation mariyu branchial naalaalu rendinti nundi) sarafara chese kesanaalikala dwara sarafara chestaaru, mariyu pulmonary plexus nundi naraala chivarala dwara naadeeni prerepistaaru.
parietal pleuranu daani kinda unna kuharam goda nundi raktam dwara sarafara chestaaru, idhi mahadhamani (inter coastal, superior frenic mariyu heenamaina frenic dhamanulu), antargata thoracic dhamanulu (pericardiacophrenic, puurva inter coastal mariyu musculophrenic saakhalu) ledhaa vaati anastomoses nundi raavacchu. adevidhamgaa, daani naraala sarafara daani antarleena nirmaanaala nundi untundi-coastal pleuranu intercoastal naraala dwara prerepistaaru; diaphragmatic pleuranu central snayuvu chuttoo daani madhya bhaagamlo unna frenic naram dwara mariyu coastal margine sameepamlo daani chuttupakkala unna intercoastal naraala dwara prerepistaaru; mediastinal pleuranu fibrus pericardium meeda unna frenic naraala saakhalu prerepistaayi.
abhivruddhi.
anni mesotheliala maadirigaane viseral mariyu parial pluralu rendoo parshwa plate mesoderms nundi udbhavinchaayi. pindajanyata yokka moodava vaaramlo, prati parshwa mesoderm rendu poralagaa vidipotundi. dorsal pora somatoplurnu roopondinchadaaniki overling somites mariyu ectodermlatho kalustundi; mariyu ventral pora splanknoplurnu roopondinchadaaniki antarleena endodermtho kalustundi. eee rendu porala yokka nirvisheekarana prati vaipu dravam nindina kuharanni srushtistundi, mariyu ventral infolding mariyu tadupari madhyarekha kalayikatho, nalgava vaaramlo gut tube chuttoo oka jatha intrabrionic kolomlanu yerparustundi, lopali kuharam godapai splanplechneur mariyu bayati kuharam godapai somatoplur untundi.
intrabrionic sealums yokka kapaala chivara mundugaane kalisipoyi oke kuharanni yerparustundi, idhi mundu bhaagamlo tirugutundi mariyu spashtamgaa thorax mundu "digutundi", mariyu taruvaata pericardial kuharamgaa perugutunna aadima gunde dwara aakraminchabadutundi. sealums yokka kaadal bhagalu boddu sira krinda taruvaata fuse avtayi, pedda peritoneal kuharamgaa maarataayi, idhi pericardial kuharam nundi viloma septum dwara vaeru cheyabadutundi. rendu kuharalu "pericardioperitonial kenal" anie piluvabade eguva mundari gut prakkane unna sannani jatha avashesha sealomla dwara communicate chestaayi. aidava vaaramlo, abhivruddhi chendutunna oopiritittula moggalu eee kaaluvalaloki chochukupovatam praarambhistaayi, chuttupakkala unna somaitlaloki pravesinchi, viloma septum koudalleeni-antey pleural keviteelanu marinta sthaanabhramsham chese oka jatha vistarinche kuharaalanu srushtistaayi. abhivruddhi chendutunna oopiritittula dwara bayataku nettabadina mesothelia splanknoplur nundi udbhavinchi, viseral pleuraga maarutundi; ayithe pleural kuharaala yokka itara mesothelial uparitalaalu somatoplur nundi udbhavinchi, pariyal pleuraga marutayi.
function.
oka seeras poragaa, pluralu seeras dravam (pleural dravam) nuu sravistaayi, indulo sialomussin, hailuronan mariyu phospholipids vanti vividha saralata kaligina sthuula anuvulu untaayi. ivi, glycocalises yokka mrudutvam mariyu pleural dravam yokka hydrodynamic saralathatho kalisi, ventilation samayamlo pratyarthi pleural uparitalaalu okadaanikokati vyatiraekamgaa jaarinappudu gharshana gunakaanni taggistaayi, tadwara pulmonary sammati meruguparachadamlo sahaayapadutundi.
vividha cellular uparitalaalapai pleural dravam yokka antukune lakshanam, daani ancotic peedanam mariyu pratikuula dravam peedanam, rendu vyatiraeka pluuraalanu daggari sliding contactlo unchutundi mariyu pleural spacenu koolchivestundi, mottam oopiritittula saamarthyaanni penchutundi, ayithe functional vaakyuumnu nirvahistundi. peelchadam sambhavinchinappudu, diaphragom mariyu bahya inter coastal kandaraala sankocham (pakkatemukalu mariyu sternum yokka bucket/pump handle kadalikalato paatu) pleural kuharam yokka parimaanaanni penchutundi, pleural space lopala pratikuula ottidini marinta penchutundi. kriyaatmaka vacuum chekkuchedarakunda unnanta varaku, oopiritittulu chaatii godatho paatu vistarinchadaaniki laagabadataayi, pratikuula vayumarga peedanam oopiritittulloki gaali pravaahaaniki kaaranamavutundi, phalitamgaa peelchabadutundi. ayithe swaasanu bayataku pampadam anedi saadhaaranamgaa nishkriyamgaa untundi, idhi alviolar godala saage tirogamanam mariyu swaasakosha kandaraala sadalimpu valla sambhavistundi. balavantamgaa oopiri peelchukovadamlo, pleural dravam pleural kuharam lopala ottidi vaegamgaa maaradaaniki vyatiraekamgaa oopiritittulaku kontha hydrostatic kushaningnu andistundi.
clinical praamukhyata.
pluritis ledhaa plurisi anedi pleuraku sambandhinchina oka shotha sthithi. parshwa pleuralo saareeraka puttuka kaaranamgaa, mukhyamgaa teevramaina kaaranaala valla pleural chikaku, tarachugaa swaasa teesukovadam dwara marinta teevrataram ayye padunaina chaatii noppini utpatti chestundi, dheenini "pluritic noppi" anie pilustaaru.
pleural vyaadhi ledhaa shosharasa addamkulu pleural space lopala serus dravam erpadataaniki daariteestaayi, dheenini pleural effusion anie pilustaaru. pleural effusion pleural vaakyuumnu tudichivestundi mariyu oopiritittulanu koolchiveyavacchu (hydrostatic ottidi kaaranamgaa), ventilationnu balaheenaparustundi mariyu type 2 swaasakosha vaiphalyaaniki daariteestundi. pigtail catheter, chaatii gottam ledhaa thoracoscopic vidhaanamtho thoracosentasis ("pleural tapp" anie kooda pilustaaru) dwara dravaanni yaantrikamgaa tolaginchadam dwara eee paristhitiki chikitsa cheyavachu. sokina pleural effusion pleural empaimaaku daariteestundi, idhi vibhajana mariyu decortication avasaramayye gananeeyamaina antukune mariyu fibrosisnu srushtinchagaladu. punaraavrutamayye pleural effusionla kosam, pleural space yokka shaashwata tudichipettukupovadanni sthaapinchadaaniki pleurodesis cheyavachu.

