
germanylo ennikalu

germanylo jarige ennikalaloo bundestag (germany yokka samakhya paarlamentu), vividha raashtraala bhuubhaagaalu mariyu sthaanika ennikalu unnaayi.
federal republic off germanyki sambandhinchina praathamika chattamloni aneka bhagalalo aneka vyasalu ennikalanu nirvahistaayi mariyu rahasya ballet vanti raajyaangaparamaina avasaralanu sthaapistaayi, mariyu anni ennikalanu swechchagaa mariyu nyaayamaina paddhatiloo nirvahinchaalsina avasaram undhi. praathamika chattaniki kooda samakhya saasanasabha ennikalanu nirvahinchadaaniki vivaranaatmaka samakhya chattalanu amalu cheyalsina avasaram undhi; ennikala chattam (luu). federal bundestaglo deputyla ennikalaku sambandhinchi artical 38 atuvanti oka artical. praathamika chattam yokka artical 38.2 saarvatrika ootu hakkunu sthaapistundihi "paddenimidella vayassu daatina yea vyaktikainaa ootu hakku untundi; majority vayassu daatina yea vyakti ayina ennika kaavacchu."
german samakhya ennikalu bundestag sabhyulandarikee untaayi, idhi germany chhaansalar evaro nirnayistundi. iteevali samakhya ennikalu 2021loe jarigaayi.
1871 nundi 1945 varaku german ennikalu.
1871loe wilhelm I chakravarthy aadhvaryamlo germany ekikarana taruvaata, german reachstag ledhaa imperial assembleaki ennikalu jarigaayi, idhi daani paerunu, uttara german samakhya yokka reachstagnu bharti chesindi. reachstagnu chakravarthy ledhaa 1918loe wilhelm II padavee viramana chesina taruvaata germany adhyakshudu raddu cheyavachu. 1919 naati weamer republic raajyaangamtho, oating vyavastha yeka-sabhyula niyojakavargaala nundi anulomaanupaatamlo praatinidhyaaniki maarindi. ennikala vayassunu 25 nundi 20 samvatsaraalaku tagginchaaru. aaa samvatsaram november viplavam taruvaata 1918loe kotta ennikala chattam dwara mahilala ootu hakku ippatike sthaapinchabadindi.
1933 janavarilo naajeelu adhikaranni swaadheenam chesukunna taruvaata, marchi 5naa maroe jaateeya ennikalu jarigaayi. idhi rendava prapancha yuddhaaniki mundu jarigina chivari pootii ennikalaloo okati, ayithe idhi swechchagaa ledhaa nyayamga jaragaledu. trade-unionistlu, communistlu, saamaajika prajaasvaamyavaadulu mariyu madhya-kudi kaathalikkulaku vyatiraekamgaa kooda nelala tarabadi himsa mariyu bedirimpulu konasagutunnayi. fibravari 27naa, ennikalaku mundu, reachstag fair decree patrika swechhanu mariyu chaalaa poura swechchalanu nilipivesindi. saamuuhika arrestlu jarigaayi, indulo communistu mariyu aneka saamaajika prajaasvaamya pratinidhulu reachstagku vacchaaru. otarlanu marinta bhayapettadaaniki ennikala rojuna 50000 mandhi (sahayaka naajii pooliisulu) sabhyulu polling sthalaalanu "paryaveekshinchaaru". 1932 navambaru ennikalaloo kante naajii party merugaina paniteeru kanabarustuu, kevalam 33 saatam otlanu matrame geluchukundi. tama pratyarthulanu jailulo unchadam dwara, tama sthaanaalanu teesukokunda itarulanu bedirinchadam dwara, naajeelu bahulatvam nundi majorityki vellaaru. ennikala tarvaata kevalam rendu vaaraala taruvaata, 1933 naati enable chattam samarthavantamgaa hitler niyantrutva saktini ichindi. yuddhaaniki mundu naajii germanylo maroe moodu ennikalu jarigaayi. vaarandaruu oka prasna prajabhipraya sekarana roopaanni teesukunnaru, party yokka naajeelatoo mariyu namamatramga swatantra "athidhulatho" kuudina abhyardhula mundastugaa nirnayinchina jaabitaanu aamodinchamani otarlanu koraru.
1949 nundi germany ennikalu.
federal republic off germany.
ennikala vyavastha.
samakhya ennikalu sumaru prati naalugu samvatsaraalaku okasari nirvahinchabadataayi, dheeni phalitamgaa bandstag assembly tarvaata 46 nundi 48 nelala paatu ennikalu nirvahinchaalsina raajyaangaparamaina avasaram undhi. asaadhaaranamaina rajyanga paristhitulalo ennikalu mundugaane jaragavachuhu udaaharanaku, chhaansalar bundestagpy vishwaasa otunu kolpothe, appudu, bundestag pratyaamnaaya chhaansalarlo ootu vaeyadaaniki mundu, chhaansalar samakhya adhyakshudini bundestagnu raddu chesi ennikalanu nirvahinchaalani abhyardhinchavacchu. naalugu samvatsaraala vyavadhi mugiselopu bundestagnu tolagiste, 100 rojullo ennikalu jaragaali. ennikala khachitamaina teedeeni adhyakshudu ennukuntaaru mariyu adhi aadivaaram ledhaa prabhutva selavudinam ayi undaali.
kaneesam moodu nelalu germanylo nivasinchina 18 ellu paibadina german jaateeyulu ootu vaeyadaaniki arhulu. abhyardhitvaaniki arhata tappanisarigaa okate.
germanyloni samakhya saasanasabhalo oka sabha paarlamentu undhi-bundestag (samakhya aaharam); bundestrat (samakhya mandali) praantaalaku praatinidhyam vahistundi mariyu daani sabhyulu ennukobadananduna oka sabhaga pariganinchabadadu. mishrama sabhya nishpattilo vyavasthanu upayoginchi bundestagnu ennukuntaaru. eee bandestaglo 598 mandhi naamamaatrapu sabhyulu unnaaru, veeru naalugu samvatsaraala kaalaaniki ennikayyaaru. sagam, 299 mandhi sabhyulu, oke-sabhyula niyojakavargaallo modati-gatha-post oating dwara ennikavutaaru, ayithe saasanasabhalo anulomaanupaatamlo pampineeni saadhinchadaaniki party jaabitaala nundi maroe 299 mandhi sabhyulanu ketayistaru, mishrama sabhyula anulomaanupaatamlo praatinidhya vyavastha (emm. emm. pii) anie piluvabade anulomaanupaatamlo praatinidhyam yokka roopam prakaram nirvahistaaru. otarlu okasari oka niyojakavarga pratinidhi kosam, mariyu rendava saari oka paarteeki ootu vaestaaru, mariyu jaabitaalu party balancelanu rendava otla pampinheetho saripolchadaaniki upayoginchabadataayi. overhang seatlu naamamaatrapu 598 mandhi sabhyulaku jodinchavachhuh udaaharanaku, 2009 federal ennikalaloo 24 overhang seatlu unnaayi, mottam 622 seatlu unnaayi. pedda paarteelu tama anulomaanupaatamlo party ootu dwara nirnayinchabadina mottam kante ekkuva adanapu yeka-sabhyula niyojakavargaalanu geluchukovadam valla idhi sambhavistundi.
germanylo rendu balamaina raajakeeya paarteelu mariyu konni itara moodava paarteelu kooda bundestaglo praatinidhyam vahistunna bahula-party vyavastha undhi. 1990 nundi, aidu paarteelu (sii. dii. yuu mariyu sii. ess. yuu. lanu okatigaa lekkinchadam) bundestaglo praatinidhyam vahistunnaayi.
2008loe, samakhya rajyanga nyayasthaanam aadesaala prakaram ennikala vyavasthalo konni maarpulu avasaram ayyayi. samakhya ennikala chattamloni oka nibandhana oka paarteeki pratikuula ootu baruvunu anubhavinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindani, tadwara "ekkuva" otla kaaranamgaa "seatlu kolpovadam" saadhyamaindani, idhi ennikala vyavastha samanamga mariyu pratyakshamgaa undaalane rajyanga haameeni ullanghinchindani kortu kanugondi.
chattanni savarinchadaaniki kortu moodu samvatsaraala paatu anumatinchindi. tadanugunamgaa, 2009 federal ennikalu munupati vyavastha kinda munduku saagadaaniki anumatinchabaddaayi. 2011 juun 30 natiki maarpulu jaragalsi undagaa, aaa gaduvulogaa tagina chattam puurti kaaledu. 2011 chivaralo oka kotta ennikala chattam amalu cheyabadindi, conny pratipaksha paarteelu mariyu sumaru 4,000 mandhi private pourula samuuham nundi vyaajyaalapai federal rajyanga nyayasthaanam marosari rajyanga viruddhamgaa prakatinchindi.
chivaraku, bandestagloni aidu vargalalo naalugu vargaalu ennikala samskaranapai angeekarinchaayi, tadwara bandestagloni seetla sankhyanu avasaramainanta penchi, edainaa overhang seetlanu ketaayinchina sthaayi seetla dwara bharti chesela chusukuntaru, tadwara jaateeya sthaayilo raajakeeya party otla vataa prakaram puurti aanupaatamlo undela chusukuntaru. 2013 fibravarilo kotta ennikala samskarananu aamodinchi, amalu chesindi.
federal republic off germanylo rashtra ennikalu.
land (rashtraalu) nirdesinchina vividha nibandhanala prakaram rashtra ennikalu nirvahinchabadataayi. saadhaaranamgaa avi samakhya vyavastha ledhaa konni saralikruta samskaranala maadirigaane party-jabita anulomaanupaatamlo praatinidhyam yokka konni roopaala prakaram nirvahinchabadataayi. ennikala kaalam saadhaaranamgaa naalugu nundi aidu samvatsaraalu, mariyu ennikala teedeelu rashtram nundi raashtraaniki maarutuu untaayi.
german prajaasvaamya ganatantram.
german prajaasvaamya ganatantramlo, bahula "anukuula" paarteelu unnappatikee, "wolkscommer" kuu ennikalu germany (sed) mariyu rashtra sopanakramam yokka saamyavaada aikyata paarteeche samarthavantamgaa niyantrinchabaddaayi. 1990 marchi 18naa jarigina ennikalu gdrlo jarigina modati svaechchaayutamainavi, idhi oka prabhutvaanni roopondinchindi, dheeni pradhana aadesam tanaku mariyu daani raashtraaniki mugimpu kosam charchalu jarapadam.
berlin goda padipovadaaniki mundu, thoorpu germanylo svaechchaayutamaina ennikalu jaragaledu. rashtra bhadrata parikaraalu, adhikara party sed dwara polling pradaesaalu nigha loe unchabaddaayi, otarlaku pratipaadita abhyardhula slaetunu samarpinchaayi. otaru korukoni yea abhyardhinainaa kottadaniki otarlu aichhikamgaa oka boothloki pravesinchavacchu; sed yokka puurti jaabitaato ekibhavinchina otaru kevalam gurtinchabadani byaaletnu sagaaniki madathapetti ballet baxlo unchaaru. oating boothloki pravesinchadam anumanaspadamga pariganinchabadindi mariyu rashtra bhadrata parikaraalu gurtinchaayi, idhi taruvaata otaruku parinaamaalaku daariteeyavachchu. thoorpu german otarlu saadhaaranamgaa oating charyanu "madata" () gaa suuchistaaru. 1990kii mundu ennikala phalitaalu saadhaaranamgaa 99 saatam mandhi otarlu suuchimchina abhyardhula slateku anukuulamgaa kanipinchaaru. dheeniki thodu, prabhutvam ennikala mosamlo nimagnamai, 1989 mae munisipal ennikala varaku kooda, phalitaalanu, oating saatam rendintinee saadhaaranamgaa abaddhalu chesindi.
sthaanika ennikalu.
germanylo sthaanika ennikalaloo () chaalaa praantiiya mariyu sthaanika upavibhaagaalaku ennikalu untaayi, vaari pratinidhulanu maroka assembly ledhaa karyalayam niyaminchakapothe ledhaa ennukokapothe tappa. jillaalu, nagaralu, pattanaalu, gramalu mariyu vividha itara paripalana praantiiya samsthala pratinidhula kosam ituvanti sthaanika ennikalu nirvahinchabadataayi. nagaralu mariyu pattanaallo sthaanika ennikalaloo saadhaaranamgaa lard mayer ledhaa meyarku ootu veyadam untundi. chinna gramalu mariyu sthaavaraalu parimita paripalana adhikaaramtho pratinidhini () ennukovachhu. sthaanika ennikalu kooda tarachugaa mukhyamaina sthaanika vishayalu mariyu saadhaarana praja prayojana prasnala (antey.ii. sthaanika rahadaarulu ledhaa itara moulika sadupayala nirmaanam). ituvanti ennikalu chaalaa sandarbhaallo chattabaddhamgaa kattubadi undakapoyina, vaati phalitaalu sthaanika raajakeeya nirnayaalapai gananeeyamaina prabhavanni chuuputaayi.
european samaikyatanu balopetam cheyadaaniki 1992 mastrict oppandam taruvaata, germany mariyu itara iyu sabhya deshaalu itara iyu deshaala vidaeseeyulaku vaari aatithya desamlo sthaanika ennikalaloo ootu hakku ivvadaaniki saasana maarpulanu amalu chesaayi. 1995 mariyu 1998 madhya german rashtraalu tama nibandhanalanu sweekarinchina taruvaata, videshee iyu pourulu germanylo jilla mariyu purapalaka sthaayilo ennikalaloo ootu veyavachu.

