solton hossin

solton hossin (1668-9 september 1727) 1694 nundi 1722 varaku iraan yokka safavid shaa. athanu shaa solaman () kumarudu mariyu varasudu.
raaja antahpuramlo janminchi, perigina soltan hosain, parimita jeevita anubhavamtho, dhesha vyavaharalalo ekkuva ledhaa takkuva naipunhyam lekunda simhasananni adhishtinchaadu. balaheenamaina mariyu aakattukune palakudini sadviniyogam chesukovadam dwara tama adhikaranni penchukoovaalanukunna saktivantamaina pedda-attha, marium begum, alaage aasthaana napumsakula prayatnaala dwara athanu simhaasanampai kuurchabaddaadu. thana paalana antataa, solton hossin thana vipareetamaina bhaktiki prasiddhi chendaadu, idhi athani muudanammakaalu, aakattukune vyaktitvam, adhika aanandam, duraachaaram mariyu vyardhathvamtho militam cheyabadindi, ivanni samakaaleena mariyu taruvaati rachayitalu dhesha ksheenatalo paatra pooshinchina amsaalugaa pariganinchabaddaayi.
solton hosain paalana chivari dasaabdam pattana vibhedaalu, girijana tirugubaatlu mariyu dhesha poruguvaari aakramanalato gurtinchabadindi. thoorpu nundi atipedda muppu vachindi, akkada yuddha nayakudu mirways hotak naayakatvamlo aafghanlu tirugubaatu chesaaru. taruvaati kumarudu mariyu varasudu, mahmud hotak desamloki chorabadi, chivariki juun rajadhani isfahan cherukunnadu, idhi muttadilo unchabadindi. nagaramlo twaralone karuvu udbhavinchindi, idhi solton hosainnu 21 october 1722naa longipovalsi vachindi. athanu thana raajapratinidhini mahmud hotakku appaginchaadu, taruvaata athanu atanni khaidu chesi, nagaraniki kotta palakudu ayyadu. navambarulo, solton hossin yokka moodava kumarudu mariyu varasudu, kazwin nagaramlo tananu taanu tahmasp II gaa prakatinchukunnadu.
ottoman commander-inn-cheef ahmed pasha pampina avamaanakaramaina lekha kaaranamgaa, mahmud hotak varasudu ashraf hotak () aadesaala meraku 1727 september 9naa solton hosain sirachchaedam cheyabaddaadu, athanu solton hosainnu simhaasanaaniki punaruddharinchadaaniki iraanloki vellinatlu paerkonnaadu.
nepathyam.
solton hossin hossin raaja antahpuramlo janminchaadu. athanu shaa solaman () pedda kumarudu mariyu oka circassian mahila. athanu thana tandri maadirigaane, raaja antahpuramlo perigaadu, tadwara parimita jeevita anubhavam kaligi unnadu mariyu dhesha vyavaharalalo ekkuva ledhaa takkuva naipunhyam kaligi laedu. uttamamgaa, soltan hosain meer mohammed-bucker khatunabadi maargadarsakatvamlo khurran chadivinatlu telisindi. solton hossin pertian bhasha matladagaliginappatiki, athanu safavid shaala maadirigaane ajeri turkish bhaashalo maatlaadataaniki ishtapaddadu.
shaa solaman maranasayyapai unnappudu, vaaru raaja kutumbaaniki mariyu deshaaniki keertini korukunte, vaaru chinna kumarudu sultan tahmasp (vayassu 23) nuu enchukoovaalani thana nyaayamuurtulaku cheppinatlu samacharam. ayithe, vaaru shanti mariyu prasaantatanu korukunte, vaaru pedda kumarudu solton hosain (vayassu 26) nuu enchukoovaali. eee kaalamlo isfahan rajadhanilo unna french missionary poojaari pere martin goudero, shaa solaman thana varasudiga sultan tahmasp vaipu ekkuva moggu chuupinatlu nivedinchaadu. ayinappatikee, solton hossin simhaasanaaniki vaarasatvam athani saktivantamaina pedda-attha, marium begum, alaage rajasabha napumsakulachae bhadraparachabadindi, vaaru balaheenamaina mariyu aakattukune palakudini sadviniyogam chesukovadam dwara tama adhikaranni penchukoovaalanukunnaaru.
simhasananni adhishtinchaaru.
rajabhavana shrenula madhya vibhedaalu mariyu simhasananni saraina samayamlo pondaalane korika kaaranamgaa, solton hossin thana tandri maraninchina oka vaaram taruvaata (juulai 29) augustu 7,1694naa modatisaari simhasananni adhishtinchaadu. simhaasanaarohanaku mundu aneka sannahalu jarigaayi. prajalalo sthirathvaanni nirdhaarinchadaaniki, mottam nagaram dalaalatoe moharinchabadindi. shaa aatma prasaantatanu pondadaaniki, paedalatoe sahaa samruddhiga aaharaanni andubaatulo unchaaru. bajaarlooni vyaapaarulu tama dukaanaala mundu laitlu pettaalani aadesinchaaru. praarambhotsavam rojuna, saayantram 4 gantalaku, padihenu rojulu upayoginchani taruvaata bakalu oodabaddaayi. aaa raatri, raaja chaturasram (maydan-eah shaa) mariyu chuttupakkala bajaarlu prakaasavantamaina deepaalato veliginchabaddaayi mariyu anni rakaala jantuvulanu chaturasramlo chuupimchaaru. ayithe, solton hossin swayamgaa jayandarud yokka dakshina odduna unna ayana-khaana rajabhavanamlo simhasananni adhishtinchaadu, tadwara athani praantiiyavaadam mariyu nirliptatanu mundhe choopinchaadu.
thana puurveekula maadirigaa kakunda, solton hossin veduka samayamlo suuphiila nayakudini kattitoe sannaddham chese aacharaanni tiraskarinchaadu. badulugaa, athanu isfahan yokka "sheikh all-islam" mariyu pramukha mataadhikaari, mohammed-buck magelyni eee baadhyatanu nirvartinchamani koraadu. maljesi oka vibhina rakamaina samavesanni erpaatu chesaadu, akkada athanu soltan hosinku "dinparvar" (vishwaasaanni pooshinchaevaadu) anae birudunu icchaadu. solton hossin majleseeni pratiphalamgaa emi kavalo adiginappudu, athanu sharia chattam amalu cheyamani adigadu. tadanantaram, raaja sellarla nundi 6,000 seesaala wine aaa chadarapu meeda aadambaramgaa poesaaru. madyam tayari mariyu traagadam, yuvakulu coffeehouselanu sandarsinchadam mariyu purushula sahavasam lekunda mahilalu bayataku velladam vanti anni rakaala "yeka-islaamik" charyalanu nishedhinche oka uttarvu prakatinchabadindi. pavuram egaradam, atalu adatam vanti vishraanti karyakalapalu kooda nishedhinchabaddaayi. dheenini provinceulalo bahirangaparachabadindi mariyu maseedula paina raathi chitraala chekkabadindi.
solton hosinku shakti yokka dravam parivartana rajyam yokka aneka pramukha vargaalu gharshana kante inca kalisi panicheestunnaayani pradarsistundi.
ayithe, adhikaram tvaralo mohammed bucker majlesi nundi solton hossin yokka goppa attha ayina mariam begum (shaa safi kumarte) kuu maarindi. aame prabhaavamtho, hossin madyavyasanigaa maari, raajakeeya vyavaharalapai takkuva mariyu takkuva shraddha chuupi, thana samayanni thana antahpuraaniki mariyu thana ananda udyaanavanaalaku ketayinchadu.
pradhana sanghatanalu mariyu parinaamaalu.
uttaraana.
azerbaijan.
1711 natiki, aadaayam mariyu sainika niyaamakaaniki sambandhinchina pramukha provins ayina azerbaijan gandaragola sthithilo undhi. aaa samvatsaram praarambhamlo, tabrizlo aspashtamaina mariyu himsaatmaka sangharshana jarigindi, phalitamgaa 3,000 mandhi maraninchaaru. taruvaati samvatsaraallo, adhika dharalu mariyu anachiveta nirvahana kaaranamgaa nagara nivaasulu baga baadhapaddaaru. 1719 prarambha bhaagamlo, vaaru nagara krooramaina governor ayina mohammed allie khanku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu chesaaru, phalitamgaa athanu paaripoyaadu. isfahan looni prabhutvam taruvaata tabriz nivaasulanu bhaarii jarimaanaato sikshinchindi. sikshinchindi, tabridge ghoramaina bhookampamtho prabhaavitamaindi, deenivalla nagaramlo 75 saatam naasanam ayyindi mariyu 40,000 mandiki paiga nivaasitulu maraninchaaru.
shivan.
shivan, shirwannu dutch traveller carnellis dii bruzin safavid raajyamlooni keelaka provinceulalo okatigaa abhivarninchaaru, daani santanotpatti, adhika vyavasaya digubadi mariyu chouka dharala kosam prasamsimchaaru. aaa taruvaata eee praavinsnu allahverdi khaan niyantrinchaadu, athanu thana drudamaina mariyu nyaayamaina palanaku prasiddhi chendaadu. ayithe, sthaanamlo dii brujin shirwanku tirigi vachinappudu, mahilalu mariyu wine patla ekkuva aasakti unna allahverdi khaan kumarudu mariyu vaarasudi durviniyogam kaaranamgaa provins astavyastamgaa undhi. dii brujin sthaanikulatho matladadu, vaaru russian paalanalo jeevinchaalani mariyu vaari dandayaatranu vyatirekincharani chepparu. chepparu, lejgi parvataaroohakulu shirwanloni vidyut shoonyatanu sadviniyogam chesukuni praavinsloki daadulu chesaaru.
russia-pertian yuddham.
juun juun, poruguna unna russian saamrajyam yokka appati jaar peater dhi grate, caspian mariyu caucasus praantaalalo russian prabhavanni vistarinche prayatnamlo mariyu daani pratyarthi ottoman saamrajyaanni nirodhinche prayatnamlo safavid iraanpai yuddham prakatinchaadu.
derbent (dakshina dagestan) mariyu baaku nagaralu mariyu vaari chuttupakkala bhuumulatoe paatu, alaage gillan, shirwan, majandaran mariyu austrabad praavinsulanu seyint pietersburg oppandam (1723) prakaram russiaku appaginchina uttara, dakshina caucasus mariyu samakaaleena pradhana bhuubhaagam uttara iraanlo iraan vaari bhuubhaagaalanu swaadheenam chesukovadaniki russian vijayam aamodinchindi.
thoorpu.
baaluchi daadulu.
iraan sarihaddulo atyanta bahirgatamaina bhaagam thoorpuna vistrutamaina shushka bhoomulalo undhi. eee praantamloo safavidlu ledhaa mogalulu saantimpajeyadamlo eppuduu vijayavantam kaani tegalu nivasinchevi. nivasinchevi, german provins baaluchi dandayaatratho athalaakuthalam ayyindi.
dheeniki pratispandanagaa, solton hossin georgian yuvaraju gorgin khaan (georg xi) nuu german yokka "beglerbeg" (governor) gaa niyaminchaadu. taruvaativaadu gatamlo georgia yokka "vaali" (vaisray) gaa panicheesaadu, conny conny kakheti safavid governorku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu dalaalaku sahayam chesinanduku tolaginchabaddaadu. yuddha samayamlo dhairyavanthudu mariyu balamaina sankalpam gala gorgin khaan yea samasyakaina parishkaramga upayoginchadaaniki ishtapadataaru. thana sodarudu shahkoli khaan (levon) sahayamtho, athanu vividha encounterlalo sankhyaaparamgaa unnatamaina baaluchisnu oodinchaadu. oodinchaadu, afghanla dandayaatrala phalitamgaa, solton hossin gorgin khaannu "sepahsalar" (commander-inn-cheef) gaa mariyu kandahar governorga, alaage georgia yokka "vaali" gaa niyaminchaadu.
gorgin khaan yokka kandahar yokka governorship.
kandahar vadda, gorgin khaan tvaralo afghan ghiljoy tegaku chendina hotaki vamsaaniki chendina adhipati ayina mirr vestho pootii paddadu, athanu nagaraniki "kalantar" (mayer) gaa kooda panicheesaadu. pramukha kutumbaaniki chendina sampanna vyakti, thana maddatudaarulaku mariyu paedalaku daatrutvam chese margalu. athanu chaalaa kaalam paatu safavidla sevalo unnadu, "khafila-salar" gaa panicheesaadu, dheeni pani iraan mariyu bharatadesam madhya caravan maargamlo gastee cheyadam. ayithe, ayithe athani paelavamaina seva mariyu pheejulu mariyu pannulu vasoolu cheyadamlo athani baadhyata patla nirlakshyam kaaranamgaa atanni "khafila-salar" gaa tolaginchaaru. intalo, gorgin khanto afghan sambandhaalu athani anachiveta paalana kaaranamgaa asoukaryamgaa marai. kandahaarlo ayana adhikaranni sweekarinchina ventane ayana paalana anachivetagaa maaradam praarambhinchindani chaalaa muulaalu angeekaristunnaayi.
(namamatramga shiyi) georgian sainikulu gorgin khaan daachina vastuvulanu swaadheenam chesukunnaru, afghan baalikalu mariyu mahilalanu swaadheenam chesukunnaru mariyu pannulanu penchaaru. safavid palananu angeekarinchadaaniki suunnii aafghanlu haamii icchina matha swechhanu kooda vaaru vismarinchaaru. vaaru pandulu mariyu wine lopaliki teesukuraavadam dwara, alaage takkuva vayassu gala baalikalu mariyu 9-10 vayassu gala abbayilanu sadviniyogam chesukovadam dwara sunni maseedulanu apavitram chesaarani, vaarilo kondaru champabadatarani, vaari mrutadehaalanu vaari tallidandrula illa mundu padesarani cheppabadindi.
eee chikitsato badhapadina aafghanlu isfahanku firyadulu pampaaru, kaani vaarini kortulo gorgin khaan manushulu swaadheenam chesukunnaru, anduvalla vaaru solton hosainku cherukoledu. georgianlaku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu cheyadaaniki meer margalu pranaalika vesukunnayi, conny ventane arrestu cheyabadi, atanini anumaaninchina gorgin khaan aadesaala meraku isfahanku teesukuvacchaaru. taruvaativaadu solton hosainnu atanni tolaginchamani, ledhaa kaneesam atanni kandahaarku tirigi vellakundaa nishedhinchamani koraadu. isfahan loe ayana basa samayamlo, iraan paalana yokka durbalatvaanni, alaage akkada varga kalahalu nundi prayojanam pondhe avakaasaanni meer ways gamaninchaaru. naipunhyam kaligina pogadtalu mariyu lancham dwara, athanu tananu taanu vijayavantamgaa tirigi ekikrutam chesukunnadu. athanu kandahaarlo thana palananu svayampratipattigaa cheyaalani pranaalika vesinanduna, gorgin khaan nammadaginavaadu kaadani solton hosainnu oppinchaadu mariyu iraanku vyatiraekamgaa ruso-georgian kuutamini kooda pranaalika chesaadu.
mirror maargaala tirugubaatu.
makka teerthayaatraku velladaaniki mirror maargaalaku anumati ivvabadindi, akkada athanu mataparamaina adhikaarulanu "fatwa" prakatinchamani oppinchaadu, idhi aafghanlaku iranian niyantrana nundi swatantramgaa undataaniki hakkunu ichindi. ichindi, athanu needa nirvahakudiga kandahaarku tirigi pampabaddaadu, akkada athanu bhaarii tirugubaatunu praarambhinchaadu. 1709 eprillo, aafghanlu gorgin khaan mariyu athani anucharulaku vyatiraekamgaa aascharyakaramaina daadi chesi, vaari gudaralalo vaarini champaru. vaaru taruvaata kandahaarnu swaadheenam chesukuni, daani georgian dalamnu oochakotha kosharu. eee parinaamaala vaartalu charya teesukoovadaaniki prabhutvaanni prerepinchaledu. solton hossin badulugaa nirasanaga iddaru dhoothalanu varusalo pampaadu, conny vaariddaruu jailuku vellaaru.
solton hossin appudu gurgin khaan menalludu khosro khaan (kae khosro) nuu afghan dandayaatraku commanderga enchukovadam dwara pratispandinchaadu. taruvaativaadu gatamlo isfahan yokka "darugha" (prefect) gaa panicheesaadu, mariyu gorgin khaan maranam taruvaata georgia yokka kotta "sepahalar" mariyu "vaali" gaa maarindi. khosro khaan dandayaatranu siddham cheyadaaniki chaalaa kashtapaddadu, endukante ataniki 3,000 mandhi sainikulaku chellinchadaaniki 7,000 taginanta mottaanni ivvaledu. grand visier, alaage georgian vyatiraeka kortu vargam sabhyulu, dandayaatraku nidhula vidudalaku chaalaa aatamkam kaliginchaaru. badulugaa khosro khaan, ghiljoy yokka satruvulaina herat aadhaarita afghan abdali tega sainika maddatu dwara bharosa pondaadu.
ghiljoy thoo rendu samvatsaraala yuddham taruvaata, khosro khaan chivaraku abdali sahayamtho kandahaarnu muttadinchaadu. rendu nelala taruvaata, ghiljoy shanti kosam vignapti chesaaru. ayithe, iranian dalaalaku puurtigaa longipovalani demand chesina taruvaata, vaaru poraatam konasaaginchaaru. aktobaru aktobaru, vesavi vaedi, anaaroogyam, sarafara korata mariyu aafghanlalo cherina baaluchi daadula kaaranamgaa khosro khaan mariyu athani alasipoyina sainikulu upasamharinchukovalasi vachindi. khosro khaan mariyu athani dalaalalo chaalaa mandhi tama sainika parikaraalanu teesukunna afghan sainikulache champabaddaru.
1712 chivaralo, kaabuulnu mushti maargaala dalaalu jayinchayi. adhe samayamlo, "korchibashi" (aswikadalam ledhaa raaja rakshakula adhipati) mohammed jaman khanku maargamlo sainyanni sameekarinchetappudu afghanlapai daadi chese pani appaginchabadindi. ayithe, nidhula korata athani dandayaatraku chaalaa aatamkam kaliginchindi. thana sonta khajanalo nundi dabbunu upayoginche badulu, solton hosain isfahan mariyu nyuu zolfa looni vyaapaarulanu 14,000 tomanla mottam ivvamani balavantam chesaadu. 1712 vasantakaalamlo jaman khaan herat sameepamlo maraninchinappudu eee dandayaatra chivariki vidipoyindi.
ayana taruvaata mansur khaan shahsevan vijayam saadhinchaadu, ayana dandayaatra kooda viphalamaindi. athanu 1713 septembarulo yaabhai mandhi sainikulatoe mariyu ekkuva ledhaa takkuva nidhulu lekunda isfahaannu vidichipettadu. intalo, sultan hussen thana aasthaanikulanu farahabadlo kotta "maydan" (pattana chaturasram) nirminchadaaniki dabbu ivvamani balavantam chesaadu. 1713 vesavilo, 500 mandhi sainikulu nidhulu, gurralu lekunda, karralatho thoorpu vaipu kavaatu chestunnaru. faraanu paripaalinchina mahad allie khaan, nidhula korata kaaranamgaa thana 1,500 mandhi sainikulatoe kalisi mirrula vaipu payaninchalekapoyadu. athani sainikulu chaalaa mandhi vidichipetti, graameena praantaalanu pramaadakaramgaa marcharu, deenivalla afghanla kante sthaanikulu ekkuva ibbandi paddaru. intalo, marv yokka sthaanika sainyam vetanam lekapovadam valla tirugubaatu chesindi, mariyu 8,000 turkimeters dalam mashad vaipu kavaatu chestondi.
afghan swaadheenam isfahan.
athanu mirror maargaala maranam taruvaata, iranianlu raajee dwara aafghanlanu santimpajese prayatnaalalo viphalamayyaru, endukante mirror maargaala kumarudu mariyu varasudu mahmud hotak () iranianlapai prateekaaram teerchukuntaanani pramaanam chesaaru. chesaaru aafghanlu iraan nadibodduna pravesinchi, german nuu jayincharu. aaru nelala taruvaata, vaaru upasamharinchukovaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru, conny marusati samvatsaram tirigi vacchaaru, idhi desamloni aagneya mariyu thoorpu bhaagamlo gandaragolaanni kaliginchindi. ayinappatikee, solton hosan thana samayanni mariyu nidhulanu nirmaana prajectulapai ekkuvagaa upayoginchadam konasaginchadu. mahmud mariyu athani sainyam shaa rajadhani isfahaannu lakshyamgaa chesukuni paschimam vaipu doosukellaaru. nagaramlone thana samayanni vecchinchi, chinna afghan sainyam vijayavantam ayye avakaasam laeni muttadini pratighatinche badulu, solton hossin golnabad vadda mahmud dalaanni edurkovadaniki bayaludaeraadu. ikkada, marchi 8naa, raaja sainyam puurtigaa odinchabadindi mariyu astavyastamgaa tirigi isfahanku paaripoyindi.
marinta mandhi dalaalanu sameekarinchadaaniki praavinsulaku paaripovaalani shaa koraru, kaani athanu ippudu aafghanlu chuttumuttina raajadhaanilone undaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. mahmud yokka isfahan muttadi 1722 marchi nundi october varaku konasaagindi. firangulu lekapovadamtho, athanu iranianlanu aakalitho longadeesukovalane aasatoe sudeergha digbandhanaanni aasrayinchavalasi vachindi. muttadi samayamlo solton hossin aadesam athani aachaarabaddhamaina nirnayaatmakata lekapovadaanni mariyu athani praantiiya governorla vidheyata atuvanti asamarthatha eduta asthiramgaa undataanni pradarsinchindi. athani palanaku vyatiraekamgaa isfahan lopala kooda nirasanalu chelaregaayi mariyu shaa kumarudu tahmasp chivariki saha-palakudi paatraku edigaadu. juunloo, provinceulalo sahaya dalaanni penchadaaniki prayatninche prayatnamlo tahmasp nagaram nundi tappinchukogaligaadu, conny eee pranaalika nundi peddagaa raaledu. aakali mariyu vyaadhi chivaraku isfahaannu longadeesukovalasi vachindi (muttadi samayamlo daani nivaasulalo 80,000 mandhi maraninchaarani anchanaa). october 23naa solton hosain padavee viramana chesi, mahmudnu iraan yokka kotta shahga angeekarinchaadu.
cheralo mariyu maranam.
mahmud modatlo solton hosainnu parigananaloki teesukunnadu, conny athanu kramamga maanasikamgaa asamatulyamgaa maaradamtho athanu maajee shaanu anumaanamtho chudatam praarambhinchaadu. fibravari fibravari, solton hosain kumaarulalo okaraina safi mirja tappinchukunnaarane pukaarunu vishwasistuu, mahmud thana chetilo unna itara safavid raajakumaarulandarini uriteeyaalani aadesinchaadu, solton hosain tappa. solton hossin oochakotanu aapadaniki prayatninchinappudu, athanu gayapaddadu, conny athani charya athani iddaru chinna pillala praanaalanu kaapaadindi. mahmud picchitanaaniki gurai adhe samvatsaram april 25naa maraninchaadu.
mahmud varasudu ashraf khaan modata padavi nundi tolaginchabadina shaanu saanubhootito vyavaharinchaadu. dheeniki badulugaa, solton hossin ataniki thana kumartelalo okari chetini vivaahaaniki icchaadu, idhi athani iranian prajala drushtilo ashraf yokka chattabaddhatanu penchindi. ayithe, ashraf ottoman saamraajyamtho yuddhamlo palgonnadu, idhi iranian simhaasanampai thana vaadananu vyatirekinchindi. 1726 saradrutuvulo, baghdad yokka ottoman governor, ahmed pasha, isfahan meeda thana sainyamtho munduku sagaru, athanu chattabaddhamaina shaanu simhaasanaaniki punaruddharinchadaaniki vastunnaadani ashrafku avamaanakaramaina sandesaanni pampaaru. dheeniki pratispandanagaa, ashraf solton hosain talanu narikivesi, "athanu ahmed pasha thana katthi mariyu thana eete yokka paayintlatho puurti samadhanam istaadani aasinchaadu" anae sandesamto ottomanku pampaadu. iranologist maikhel axworth vyakhyaaninchinatlugaa, "eee vidhamgaa shaa solton hossin maranaaniki jeevitamlo icchina daanikante padunaina samadhanam icchaadu".
mataparamaina vidhanam.
solton hossin yokka matatatvam athanu bahumatigaa icchina aneka "awaf" (islaamik chattam krinda daatrutva nidhi) dwara suuchimchabadutumdi. athanu saadhaaranamgaa varninchinanta asahanamgaa undakapovachhu, idhi sunni grand wazir fath-allie khaan daghestaaneepai athani nammakam, nyuu zolfa charchilanu sandarsinchinappudu athani aasakti, alaage athanu prakatinchina aneka saasanaalu ("ferman"), idhi iraan yokka kraistava janabhanu rakshinchindi mariyu missionarylanu vaari karyakalapalanu nirvahinchadaaniki anumatinchindi. european missionaryla aaa hodha athani tandri kante solton hosain aadhvaryamlo merugga undedi.
solton hosainpai prabhavam chuupina mataachaaryulu, vaari suufii vyatiraeka vidhanalu mariyu shiya kaani vaaripai charya teesukovadam vanti vaari pidivaada pranaalikalanu konasaaginchadaaniki anumatinchabaddaaru. eee charyalalo jorastrianlanu balavantamgaa marchadam, isfahaanlooni vaari alayanni maseedugaa marchadam, yoodulu mariyu kraistavula nundi jijia (pole toxes) vasoolu cheyadam, shiya kaani vaaru shiya prajalanu kalushitam cheyagalarani bhayapadi varsham samayamlo bayatiki velladam chattaviruddham cheyadam vantivi unnaayi. chaalaa sandarbhaallo eee chattalu lancham dwara ledhaa itara sandarbhaallo itara maargaala dwara nivaarinchabaddaayi, udaaharanaku kotta zolfa yokka armeniyanla tarapuna marium begum madhyavartitvam chesinappudu.
ayinappatikee, eee charyala valla kalige kramamga asahana vaataavaranam safavid prabhutvam patla shiyetara prajala vidheyatanu tagginchindi. perigina pannulu mariyu matabhrashtula kutumba sabhyudiki vaari aastulanu pondadaaniki anumatinche chattam dwara pramaadam kaaranamgaa, aneka mandhi dhanavanthulaina armeniyanlu tama aardhika aastulalo ekkuva bhaganni upasamharinchukunnaaru mariyu italii nagaralaina venis mariyu romlaku bayaludaeraaru. prabhutvam anusarinchina sunni vyatiraeka vidhanalu atyanta gananeeyamaina parinaamaalanu kaligi unnaayi, endukante idhi desamloni aneka mandhi sunneelanu dhooram chesindi, veerilo ekkuva mandhi daani sarihaddulalo nivasinchaaru.
soltan hosain "tauhid-khaana" (suufii samavesalu) kooda moosivesindi.
videsanga vidhanam.
thana puurveekula kante bayati prapanchamtho takkuva sambandham kaligi undagaa, solton hossin thana tandri kante videsanga vidhaanamlo ekkuvagaa nimagnamai unnadu. ottoman saamraajyamtho saantiyuta sambandhaalanu parirakshinche taruvaati vidhananni ayana konasaaginchaaru.
prabhutvam.
solton hosain paalanalo, prabhutva nirmaanam maaraledu, antakumundu unikilo unna adhe bahula-rajyanga punaadulanu (turk, tajika, "gholam") konasaaginchindi. solton hossin yokka modati goppa wazir tajika sayyad mohammed taher vahid kazwini, athanu 1691 nundi shaa suleiman paalanalo aaa padavini nirvahinchaaru. mohammed taher vahid, alaage kontavaraku kortu stevard ("nazar") nazafkoli khaan, athani prarambha paalanalo solton hosinku pradhana salahaadaarulu. 1699 maeloe solton hosain, mohammed taher vaahidnu, athani vruddhaapyam kaaranamgaa tolaginchaadu. ayana sthaanamlo "eshik-akasi-baashi" mohammed moe 'menn khaan shamluni niyaminchaaru, ayithe ayana kooda vayassulo purogati saadhinchaaru.
ayana sthaanamlo sthaanamlo sunni kurd sheikh allie khaan janganeh kumarudu shahkoli khaan janganeh niyaminchabaddaadu, ayana gatamlo grand visierga kooda panicheesaaru. ayana taruvaata taruvaata sunni fath-allie khaan daghestani adhikaaramloki vacchaadu, aayanaku soltan hosain rashtra vyavaharalalo ekkuva bhaganni vidichipettadu. french consul aanj gaard fath-allie khaan dagestaanini "raajyaaniki sampoorna palakudu" gaa bhaavinchaadu, athanu pratidee chusukuntadu, ayithe raaju desamlo emi jarugutundo konchem kooda kooda mohammed momen khaan shamlu kumarudu mohammed kooli khaan shamlu ayana taruvaata adhikaaramloki vacchaadu, ayana isfahan patanam varaku goppa vajiiraagaa konasagaru.
unnata mataachaaryulu mukhyamgaa solton hosain, mukhyamgaa maljesi chetha aadarinchabaddaaru mariyu gowravinchabaddaaru, veerini athanu tarachugaa sampradinchi, mataparamaina vishayaala gurinchi grandhaalu raayadaaniki appaginchaadu. appaginchaadu majlesi maranam taruvaata, solton hossin maajee sikshakudu khatunabadi aaa vishayamlo athani taruvaata vacchaadu. taruvaati deshaaniki atyanta saktivantamaina mataparamaina karyalayam, "mullabashi", solton hossin modata srushtinchina karyalayam ivvabadindi. ivvabadindi nalla napumsakula adhipati agha kamal solton hosinku atyanta prasamsalu pondina amsamgaa unnappudu, nyaayasthaana napumsakulu kooda nirantaraayamgaa tama prabhavanni penchukunnaaru. 1714 natiki, evaru padoonnati pondaro, niyaminchabaddaaro ledhaa discharge cheyabaddaro napumsakulu nirnayinchukunnaaru. solton hosain chivari paalanalo, atyanta pramukha prabhavanni marium begum chuupaaru.
solton hosain aadhvaryamlo "sepahasalar" padavini nirvahinchina vaaru chaalaa mandhi unnaaru, pradhanamgaa shamlu mariyu janganeh tegala sabhyulu. korchibashi" (aswikadalam ledhaa raaja rakshakula adhipati) padavini girijana samuuhaalu, pradhanamgaa shamlu mariyu jaangaane kooda nirvahinchadam konasaaginchaaru. collar-aghasi" ("gholams" adhipati) padavini girijana mariyu georgian "gholam" muulaaniki chendina adhikarulu nirvahinchaaru. sadhar" padavini tajika sayyidlu konasaaginchaaru. praantiiya bureaucracy pradhanamgaa kendra bureaucrassini anukarinchindi, tadwara pramukha sthaanika tajika kutumbaala sabhyulachae niyantrinchabadindi, tarachugaa sayyad muulaaniki chendinadi.
vyaktitvam.
thana paalana antataa, solton hossin thana vipareetamaina bhaktiki prasiddhi chendaadu, idhi athani muudanammakaalu, aakattukune vyaktitvam, adhika aanandam, duraachaaram mariyu vyardhathvamtho militam cheyabadindi, ivanni samakaaleena mariyu taruvaati rachayitalu dhesha ksheenatalo paatra pooshinchina amsaalugaa pariganinchabaddaayi. thana bhakti kaaranamgaa, athanu "darvish", "molaa" mariyu "molaa hussen" anae maaruperlanu pondaadu mariyu sharia chattaniki anugunamgaa matrame chese chakravartigaa prasiddhi chendaadu. solton hossin madyam mariyu mahilaa nrutyakaarulanu raaja vedukala nundi dhooram cheyadam dwara thana bhaktini pradarsinchaadu. ayithe, simhasananni adhishtinchina konni nelala taruvaata, athanu madyam taagadam praarambhinchaadu, athanu kooda taagina marium begum prabhaavamtho unnatlu samacharam. thana matatatvam unnappatikee, soltan hosain bahirangamgaa sunni fath-allie khaan dagestaaneeni aidella paatu thana goppa vajiiraagaa unchaadu.
solton hossin yokka soumyamaina amsaanni pratyaksha saakshulandaruu nivedinchaaru, vaaru daanini daya mariyu sarainadigaa ledhaa drudha sankalpam lekapovadam, idhi safavid rajyam pathanamlo paatra pooshinchindi. judasz tadeuses krusinsky solton hossin "thana tandri kante takkuva saamarthyam mariyu drudha sankalpam" mariyu "manchi swabhaavam mariyu manavudu" anie bhaavistaadu, athanu "yea pratyeka vyaktini badhapettaledu mariyu aaa vidhamgaa maanavajaatini badhapettadu."empika cheyamani adiginappudu, solton hossin saadhaaranamgaa taanu maatlaadina chivari vyakti chesina salahaku maddatu icchaadu, tarachugaa" "yakshi dhir" "(turkeylo" "idhi manchidi" ") anae padaalatoe". athanu aaa padabandhaanni enthagaa upayoginchaado cheppabadindi, napumsakulu mariyu aasthaanikulu rahasyamgaa daani paeru meeda ataniki maaruperu pettaru. iranologist ruudi maathee solton hossin eee padabandhaanni upayoginchadam athani amaayakatvaaniki nidarsanamgaa bhaavistaaru.
krusinsky maadirigaane, abd all-hossin khatunabadi kooda solton hosainnu dayagaladigaa mariyu raktam chindinchadaaniki vyatiraekamgaa chitreekaristundi. munupati safavid shalaku viruddhamgaa, solton hossin thana pratyarthulaku ledhaa kutumba sabhyulaku haani cheyaledu, alaage jantuvulaku kooda adhe vidhamgaa cheyalekapoyadu. munupati safavid shaalu maranaanni oka rakamaina sikshagaa upayoginchagaa, soltan hosain sampadanu vadulukovadam mariyu aardhika jarimaanaalanu atyunnata sikshagaa upayoginchaaru. zaan malcum prakaram, prakaram vrasinatluga, solton hossin thana tandri raktapaatam mariyu krooratvaanni kaligi laedu, conny athani "matabhrashtata soleiman yokka duracharala kante deshaaniki marinta vidhvamsakamgaa niroopinchabadindi."solton hossin yokka dayagala vyaktitvaanni athani pourulu chaalaa mandhi athani balaheenataku rujuvugaa bhaavinchaaru.
nirmaana prajectulu.
isfahan loe, soltan hosain shaah abbas I () paalana nundi srushtinchavalasina atipedda bhavanam ayina chaharbagh paatasaala nirmaanaanni aadesinchaadu. idhi chaharbagh avenueki thoorpuna undhi.
naanhelu.
solton hosain kinda, bangaaru naanhela tankasaalanu punarnirminchaaru. aafghanlaku vyatiraekamgaa pannulu vidhinchadam, phalinchani sainika dandayaatralanu konasaaginchadaaniki aayanaku nidhulu lenappudu, athanu athanu bangaaru "ashrafi" karenseeni mudrinchadam praarambhinchaadu. solton hosain paalanalo naanhela tankasaalala sankhya bhaareega taggindi. abbassi" currency baruvu konni saarlu tagginchabadindi, 7.39g (1694 mariyu 1711 madhya) nundi 6.91g (1711 mariyu 1717 madhya), aapai 5.34g (1717-1722) kuu tagginchabadindi. afghan isfahan muttadi samayamlo daani baruvu athi takkuvagaa undhi, dheeni baruvu 4.61g.
samasya.
solton hossin aneka saarlu vivaham chesukunnadu;
kodukulu
kumartelu

