
parliamentary ambudsman

parliamentary ambudsman (,,,,) anedi finland, island, denmark, norway mariyu sweedanlooni pradhana ambudsman samsthala paeru (ikkada "justice ambudsman"-ledhaa jooe-anae padaanni kooda upayogistaaru). prati sandarbhamlo, eee nibandhanalu parliamentary ambudsman karyalayam mariyu vyaktigata ambudsman rendintinee suuchistaayi.
sweeden.
1809 nundi ricksdog oka ambudsman samsthanu kaligi undhi. aaa samayamlo sweedannu raaju paripaalinchaadu, anduvalla naalugu estatelaku praatinidhyam vahinchina estatela ricksdog, chattalu mariyu saasanaalanu patinchela chuudataaniki karyanirvahaka nundi swatantramgaa unna edainaa samstha avasaramani bhaavinchindi. eee kaaranamgaa adhi parliamentary ambudsman nuu niyaminchindi mariyu ippatikee konasagistondi. modati ambudsman 1810loe niyaminchabaddaadu, appati nundi parliamentary ambudsmanlu ippatikee vartinche praathamika suutraalanu anusaristunnaru.
adhikara paridhi.
oka vyaktini praja adhikaram ledhaa poura seva ledhaa sthaanika prabhutvam niyaminchina adhikari tappugaa ledhaa anyayamgaa pravartinchaarani bhaavinche evarainaa samstha yokka adhikaarika paeru ayina jooe () ledhaa parliamentary ambudsman () kuu firyadu cheyavachu. firyadu cheyagalagadaaniki oka vyakti swedish pourudigaa undavalasina avasaram ledhu ledhaa oka nirdishta vayassuku cherukovalasina avasaram ledhu.
ayithe, ricksdog sabhyulu, prabhutvam ledhaa vyaktigata cabinet mantrulu, nyaya chhaansalar ledhaa county ledhaa munisipal councils sabhyula charyalapai samsthaku etuvanti adhikara paridhi ledhu. vaartaapatrikalu, radeo mariyu television prasaralu, kaarmika sanghaalu, byaankulu, beema companylu, private practicelo vaidyulu, nyaayavaadulu modalaina vaaru kooda alaa cheyaru. ambudsmanla paridhiloki vastaayi. eee praantaalaku itara paryaveekshaka samsthalu unnaayi, swedish press council (), financial supervisory authority (), national board off health und welfare () mariyu swedish baar association ().
ambudsman antey nyaayasthaanaalu mariyu itara agencylatho paatu vaaru niyaminche prabhutva adhikarulu (mariyu prabhutva adhikaranni viniyoginche paniloo unna evarainaa) chattalu mariyu saasanaalaku anugunamgaa undela mariyu anni itara vishayaalalo vaari baadhyatalanu neraverchela chuudataaniki ricksdog dwara ennukoobadina vyakti. ambudsman naalugu samvatsaraala kaalaaniki ennukoobadataadu mariyu tirigi ennukoobadataadu. ambudsman nyaayavettagaa undataaniki adhikaarika avasaram laenappatikee, aacharanalo modati vaaru tappa andarikee nyaya sikshana undhi.
1941loe purushulanu matrame ambudsmanlugaa ennukogalamane nibandhana raddu cheyabadindi; appati nundi, aiduguru mahilalu kaaryaalayaaniki ennikayyaaru. nedu naluguru ambudsmanlu unnaaru, iddaru mahilalu mariyu iddaru purushulu. prati ambudsmanku aame ledhaa athani swantha baadhyata praantam (paryaveekshaka praantam) untundi. ambudsmanlalo okariki pradhana parliamentary ambudsman anae birudu untundi mariyu paripalanaku baadhyata vahistaaru, udaaharanaku, itara ambudsmanlaku yea baadhyatala praantaalanu ketayinchalo nirnayistaaru. ayithe, ambudsman maroka ambudsman vichaaranalo ledhaa teerpu ivvadamlo vaari paridhiloo yea sandarbhamloonainaa jokyam chesukoleru. prati ambudsman vaari charyalaku ricksdog patla pratyaksha vyaktigata baadhyatanu kaligi untaaru. vaarshika nivedika-idhi swedish ricksdog yokka adhikaarika prachuranalalo okati-rajyangampai standing kamiteeki samarpinchabadutundi, idhi daani swantha vraatapuurvaka nivedikanu roopondinchi ricksdagnu teliyajestundi.
ambudsmanla vichaaranalu (paryaveekshanha) saadhaarana prajala nundi vacchina firyadulu, ambudsmanlu swayamgaa praarambhinchina kesulu mariyu tanikheela samayamlo chesina pariseelanalapai aadharapadi untaayi. prati samvatsaram parliamentary ambudsmanlaku daadaapu 5,000 firyadulu andutaayi-vistrutamgaa vividha rakaala. ambudsmanla paniloo ekkuva bhaagam firyaadulanu parishkarinchadam untundi.
adhikaralu mariyu aankshalu.
dushpravartanalaku paalpadina adhikaripai kramasikshanaa vidhaanaalanu praarambhinchae hakku parliamentary ambudsmanlaku undhi. ayithe, atyanta tarachugaa vachhe phalitam ambudsman nundi vimarsanaatmaka salaha vyakhya ledhaa edainaa rakamaina sifaarsu. ambudsman abhiprayam chattabaddhamgaa eppuduu kattubadi undadu. parliamentary ambudsman karyalayam rajakeeyamgaa tatasthamgaa untundi.
atyanta teevramaina charya ambudsman pratyeka prosecutorga vyavaharinchadaaniki mariyu durviniyogam ledhaa itara akramalaku adhikaripai abhiyogaalu mopadaniki anumatistundi. idhi chaalaa arudugaa jarugutundi, conny eee avakaasam gurinchi kevalam avagahana anedi ambudsmen adhikaaraaniki chaalaa goppa vishayam.
charitra.
1809loe swedish raaju padaveechyutudaina taruvaata amalloki vacchina swedish prabhutva saadhananni sweekarinchadaaniki sambandhinchi parliamentary ambudsman karyalayam sthaapinchabadindi, idhi adhikaaraala vibhajana gurinchi montesque aalochanalapai kontavaraku aadharapadi undhi. raaju gustav III yokka nirankusa palananu kottagaa drushtilo unchukuni, saasanasabhyulu kotta rajyangamlo karyanirvahaka adhikaranni viniyoginchadampai kontha niyantrananu anumatinche vyavasthanu pravesapettaaru. anduvalla rajyangampai standing kamiteeki mantrula charyalanu paryavekshinche baadhyata mariyu chattaniki anugunamgaa prabhutva adhikaarula paryaveekshanhanu paryaveekshinchadaaniki pratyeka parliamentary ambudsman ennikanu nirdhaarinche baadhyata vahinchabadindi. 1810 naati ricksdog chattam sivil servies, byaank off sweeden mariyu jaateeya runa karyalayam yokka panulanu pariseelinchadaaniki ricksdog dwara ennukoobadina auditorlaku sambandhinchina nibandhanalanu kaligi undhi. 1974 prabhutva patramlooni 12va adhyaayamlooni nibandhanalu taruvaata eee moodu paryaveekshaka ricksdog agencylanu (i.ii. prastuta parliamentary prabhutva vyavasthaloki parliamentary ambudsmanlu, rajyangampai standing kamitee mariyu parliamentary auditorlu).
1809loe adhikarulu chattanni anusarinche vidhananni paryaveekshinchagala ricks dagku javaabudaareegaa edainaa avayavanni srushtinchaalanae aalochana kottadi kaadu. vaastavaaniki, 1713loe sampoorna chakravarthy charless XII thana ghanatvam yokka atyunnata ambudsman karyalayanni srushtinchaadu. aaa samayamlo raaju charless XII turkeylo unnadu mariyu daadaapu 13 samvatsaraalu videshaalalo unnadu. ayana lekapovadamtho sweedanlo ayana paripalana astavyastamgaa maarindi. anduvalla athanu sweedanlo thana pramukha pratinidhigaa atyunnata ambudsman nuu sthaapinchaadu. nyaayamuurtulu mariyu prabhutva adhikarulu saadhaaranamgaa amalulo unna chattalaku anugunamgaa vyavaharinchaelaa chudatam mariyu itara vishayaalalo tama vidhulanu santruptikaramgaa nirvartinchadam aayanaku appaginchina pani. ambudsman idhi kesu kaadani kanugonte, vaari vidhulanu nirlakshyam chesinanduku vaaripai chattaparamaina charyalu praarambhinchae adhikaram ataniki undhi. 1719loe sarvonnata ambudsmanku chhaansalar off justice () anae birudu ivvabadindi. eee karyalayam ippatikee undhi, mariyu nedu chhaansalar off justice prabhutva ambudsmanga panicheestunnaaru. 1718loe charless XIII maranam taruvaata sweeden dasabdaluga daadaapu parliamentary paalana (swechcha yugam) nuu anubhavinchindi. 1766loe ricksdog vaastavaaniki modatisaarigaa chhaansalar off justicenu ennukunnaaru. ayithe 1772 prabhutva patramlo, mallii chhaansalar off justicenu niyaminche hakku raaja pratyeka hakkugaa maarindi. gustaf III mariyu athani kumarudu gustaf adolph IV aadhvaryamlo punaruddharinchabadina nirankusa paalana taruvaata, rendavadi 1809loe tolaginchabadindi.
1809 prabhutva patram prakaram, raaju mariyu ricksdog madhya adhikaranni vibhajinchaalsi undhi. raaju nyaya chhaansalarnu niyaminchaalsi untundi (maroe maatalo cheppalante, athanu raaja ambudsman) mariyu ricksdog daani swantha parliamentary ambudsman nuu niyaminchaali. ambudsman (parliamentary ambudsman) gaa eee kotta padavini sthaapinchadam yokka pradhana uddesyam karyanirvahaka nundi puurtigaa swatantramaina paryaveekshaka samsthanu sthaapinchadam dwara pourula hakkulanu parirakshinchadam. ayithe, eee kotta karyalayanni chhaansalar off justice maadirigaa roopondinchadam chaalaa sahajamgaa anipinchindi. anduvalla, nyaya chhaansalar laaga, ambudsman nyaayamuurtulu mariyu poura sevakulache chattaala amalunu paryavekshinche prosecutorga undaali. 1809 prabhutva patram maatallo cheppalante, "chattam gurinchi parignaanam mariyu aadarsapraayamaina nijaayiteeki prasiddhi chendina vyaktini" parliamentary ambudsmanga niyaminchadam ricksdog. maroe maatalo cheppalante, pourula hakkula rakshanapai drushti pettadam ayana kartavyaalu. udaaharanaku parliamentary ambudsman chattam yokka ekareeti anuvartanaanni prothsahinchadam mariyu saasanaparamaina aspashtatalanu soochinchadam. firyadulapai tanikheelu mariyu vichaaranala roopaanni teesukovadam athani pani. firyadulu praarambhamlo chaalaa takkuva paatra poeshinchaayi. karyalayam unikilo unna modati sataabdamloo, mottam firyadula sankhya sumaru 8,000.
praarambhamlo, parliamentary ambudsman paatranu prosecutor paatragaa vargeekarinchavachhu. ambudsman pravesapettina kesulu etuvanti charyalu teesukokunda nilipiveyabaddaayi ledhaa prosecutionku daariteesaayi. ayithe, chivariki, nityakrutyaalu abhivruddhi chendaayi, antey chinna chinna ullanghanalaku prosecution raddu cheyabadi, badulugaa heccharika jaarii cheyabadindi. parliamentary ambudsman soochanalalo prosecutionnu maafee chese nirdishta hakkunu cherchadam dwara 1915loe ricksdog eee abhivruddhini gurtinchindi. 1975 suuchanalanu sweekarinche varaku, pedda paryavasanamga laeni ullanghanalaku sambandhinchina kesulalo prosecutionnu maafee chese ambudsman hakkupai eee nibandhanalu vimarsala vyakteekaranaku ekaika adhikaarika aadharaanni andinchaayi. oka adhikaripai etuvanti shikshaarhamaina porapaatuku abhiyogaalu mopaleni sandarbhaalalo, anduvalla prosecutionnu maafee chese nirnayaaniki etuvanti aadharalu lenappudu, ambudsman vaipu nundi vimarsalu ledhaa salaha vyakteekarana samvatsaraalugaa abhivruddhi chendina upayogaalapai matrame aadharapadi untundi. eee paddhatulanu 1964loe ricksdog anchanaa vesi aamodinchindi.
prosecutionnu maafee chese pratyeka hakkunu raddu cheyalane 1975loe teesukunna nirnayam ekakaalamlo adhikaarika javaabudaareetanam yokka samskaranatho mudipadi undhi, indulo itara vishayaalatoepaatu prabhutva adhikaarula charyala kosam chattaparamaina baadhyatanu pedda ettuna tagginchadam kooda undhi. eee sandarbhamlo, prosecutionnu maafee chese hakku parliamentary ambudsmanlaku ika avasaram ledani bhaavinchaaru. badulugaa kesulapai vichaaranalo ambudsmanlu prosecution mariyu prosecutionnu maafee chese hakkuku sambandhinchi public prosecuterlaku ippatike vartinche nibandhanalaku lobadi undaalani nirdesinchabadindi. nedu, 1986 suuchanalu-parliamentary ambudsman (1986:765) suuchanalatoe kuudina chattam mariyu 1989loe jodinchina savaranalu-prosecutor paatranu chepattetappudu, ambudsmanlu kooda public prosecuterlaku vartinche itara chattabaddhamaina nibandhanalaku anugunamgaa undaalani perkonnaayi. (adanamgaa, 1975 soochanalalo ombudsmanlaku vimarsanaatmaka ledhaa salaha vyaakhyalu cheyadaaniki adhikaram ichhe pratyeka niyantrana kooda undhi mariyu ivi ippudu vartinche suuchanalaku badilee cheyabaddaayi.)
1957loe parliamentary ambudsman samsthaku sthaanika prabhutva adhikaarulanu paryavekshinche adhikaram kooda ivvabadindi.
vaarasatvam.
ambudsman samstha paatra abhivruddhi phalitamgaa eee karyakalapala yokka ottidi kramamga sikshaatmaka nundi salaha mariyu sampradimpula vidhiki maarindi. doshaanni nivaarinche pani mariyu chattam yokka saraina anuvartanaanni nirdhaarinchadaaniki saadhaarana prayatnaalu prosecutor paatra kante praadhaanyatanichaayi.
daadaapu rendu sataabdaala kritam maadirigaane, eee roeju parliamentary ambudsmanla pani prarambha sthaanam, adhikaarula nundi vaaru pondhe yea chikitsa ayina chattabaddhamainadi mariyu prati itara vishayamlo sarainadigaa undaalani vyaktula korikapai aadharapadi undhi. prati vyakti yokka praathamika hakkulu mariyu swechhala rajyanga rakshanalo nedu parliamentary ambudsmanla samstha keelaka amsam.
parliamentary ambudsmanlu nirvahinche paryaveekshanhaloo pradhanamgaa saadhaarana prajalu samarpinchina firyadulapai vichaaranalu untaayi. adanamgaa naluguru ambudsmen tanikheelu mariyu vaaru avasaramainaviga bhaavinche itara parisoedhanalu chestaaru. ayithe ambudsmanlu-saadhaarana adhikaarika agencyla maadirigaa kakunda-tamaku samarpinchina prati kesu paristhitulanu parigananaloki teesukovalasina baadhyata eppuduu undadu. badulugaa ambudsmen yea firyaadulanu daryaaptu cheyaalo, tadupari charya avasaram ledani vaari swantha anchanaa vaestaaru. ayithe, idhi ambudsmanlu tamaku vachhe firyadula patla asantruptikaramaina vaikharini oohistundi, tadwara edainaa lopam jarigindani anumaaninchadaaniki aadharalu ichhe vaarandarinii daryaaptu chestaaru. oka ambudsman firyadunu vichaarinchadaaniki etuvanti kaaranam laenappatikee, daaniki badulugaa prabhutva adhikaram yokka charyala yokka itara amsaalanu anchanaa veyadam kooda jaragavacchu.
1810loe jariginatlugaa-lars augustin methehymenu modati ambudsmanga niyaminchinappudu-naluguru parliamentary ambudsmanlu nedu prabhutvam mariyu vaaru paryavekshinche poura seva nundi puurtigaa swatantramgaa unnaaru. eee kaaranamgaa eee samstha tarachugaa asaadhaarana swabhaavam kaligi undani chebutaaru. udaaharanaku, ambudsmanla karyakalapalu samaajamlooni itara samsthalapai badilee cheyabadina chattam yokka paryaveekshanha mariyu anuvartanaanni bharti cheyadaaniki uddesinchinavi kaavu.
rajyanga drukkonam nundi prabhutva adhikarulu chattanni amalu cheyadaanni paryaveekshinchadam ricksdog yokka pratyeka hakku ayinappatikee, suutrapraaya kaaranaala valla eee paryaveekshanhaloo yea raajakeeya parigananalanu cherchadam aamodayogyam kaadani bhaavinchabadindi. eee kaaranamgaa parliamentary ambudsmanlu avalambinchina swatantra vaikhari ricks dagto vaari sambandhaaniki kooda vartinchindi. udaaharanaku, ricksdog yea okka kesu gurinchi ambudsmanlaku aadesaalu jaarii cheyagaladani bhaavinchabadadu, ledhaa oka kesunu elaa parishkarinchaalo ledhaa tudi teerpu gurinchi idhi gataanugatikamgaa abhipraayaalanu vyaktam cheyadu. badulugaa ambudsmanla karyakalapalapai ricksdog yokka adhikaram parliamentary ambudsmanlaku jaarii chesina soochanalalo mariyu kaaryaalayaaniki ketaayinchina nidhulalo vyaktamavutundi. parliamentary ambudsmanla budgetnu nirnayinchedi ricksdog-prabhutvam ledhaa aardhika mantritva saakha kaadu.
finland.
finlandlo 1920 nundi parliamentary ambudsman (finnish <unk>, sweedish <unk>) samstha undhi. ambudsman karyalayamlo oka ambudsman mariyu iddaru sahayaka ambudsmanlu (finnish <unk>, sweedish <unk>) unnaaru. adhikarulu naalugu samvatsaraala kaalaaniki ennukoobadataaru mariyu vaari vidhulu vaari swedish sahacharula adhikara paridhini pooli untaayi. praja adhikaram paryaveekshanhaku baadhyata vahinche maroka finnish adhikari chhaansalar off justice. rendu karyalayala adhikara paridhi ativyaapti chendutundi, conny parliamentary ambudsman anedi sainika sainikulu, nirbandha sainikulu, khaideelu mariyu moosivesina samsthalalo unna itara vyaktula firyaadulanu nirvahinchadaaniki pratyaekamgaa baadhyata vahinche adhikaram. athanu videshaalalo jaillu, rakshana dalaalu mariyu finnish shanti pariraksaka missionlanu kooda kramam tappakunda pariseelistaadu. parliamentary ambudsman yokka itara pratyeka kartavyam pooliisu rahasya paryaveekshanha mariyu wire tapping karyakalapalu.
norway.
norwegian parliamentary ambud 1962 nundi unikilo undhi. 
denmark.
danish parliamentary ambudsman 1955 nundi unikilo undhi. idhi prabhutva adhikaarulapai firyaadulanu daryaaptu chestundi mariyu daani swantha choravatho kesulanu kooda chepattavachhu.
island.
island parliamentary ambudsman 1987loe sthaapinchabadindi. idhi rashtra mariyu sthaanika adhikaarula charyalanu paryaveekshistundi.