
vaikalya adhyayanalu

vaikalyam adhyayanalu anedi vaikalyam yokka ardham, swabhaavam mariyu parinaamaalanu pariseelinchae oka vidyaaparamaina vibhagam. praarambhamlo, eee rangam "balaheenata" mariyu "vaikalyam" madhya vibhajanapai drushti pettindi, ikkada balaheenata anedi oka vyakti yokka manassu ledhaa sareeram yokka balaheenata, ayithe vaikalyam anedi saamaajika nirmaanamgaa pariganinchabadindi. eee aavarana vaikalyam yokka rendu vibhina namuunaalaku daariteesindihi vaikalyam yokka saamaajika mariyu vaidya namuunaalu. 1999loe saamaajika namuunaa eee ranganche ishtapade namoonaga vishwavyaaptamgaa aamodinchabadindi. ayithe, iteevali samvatsaraalalo, saamaajika mariyu vaidya namuunaala madhya vibhajana savaalu cheyabadindi. adanamgaa, inter disciplinary parisoedhanapai ekkuva drushti pettaru. udaaharanaku, iteevali parisoedhanalu "stratification yokka cross-sectional maarkarlanu" upayoginchadam anedi disablement prakriyalanu vegavantam cheyagala pramaada kaarakaala yaadruchchika pampineepai kotta antardrushtulanu andinchadamlo sahaayapadutundani suuchistunnaayi.
vaikalyam adhyayana courselalo vaikalyam charitra, siddhaantam, chattam, vidhanam, neethi mariyu kalalalo pani unnaayi. ayithe, aacharanatmakamgaa vikalaangula jeevita anubhavaalapai drushti pettadam vidyaarthulaku bodhinchabadutundi. vikalaangulaina vyaktulaku poura hakkula labhyatanu penchadam mariyu vaari jeevana naanhyatanu meruguparachadampai eee rangam drushti saarinchindi.
vaikalya adhyayanalu 1980laloe pradhanamgaa yuu. ess, yuke mariyu kenadaalo udbhavinchaayi. 1986loe, saanghika shaastra sangham (united states) yokka deerghakaalika anaaroogyam, balaheenata mariyu vaikalyam adhyayanam kosam vibhaganni vaikalyam adhyayanala kosam societyga paeru marcharu. modati US vaikalya adhyayana karyakramam 1994loe syracuse vishwavidhyaalayamlo udbhavinchindi. vikalaangula adhyayana paatakula modati sanchika (vikalaangula adhyayanalaku sambandhinchina vidya patraala modati sekaranalalo okati) 1997loe prachurinchabadindi. taruvaati padhi samvatsaraalalo eee rangam vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendindi. 2005loe, aadhunika bhasha sangham vaikalya adhyayanalanu "adhyayana vibhagam" gaa sthaapinchindi.
vaikalya adhyayanalu pradhanamgaa yuu. ess, yuke mariyu kenadaalo udbhavinchinappatikii, vaikalya adhyayanalu itara deshaalalo kooda vividha koonaala dwara nirvahinchabaddaayi. udaaharanaku, germany 20va sataabdam prarambham nundi kweer vaikalyam adhyayanalanu chustundi. germanylo vaikalya adhyayanalu streevaada laingika shaastravetta yokka vraatapuurvaka saahitya rachanalache prabhaavitamavutaayi, vaaru vikalaangulu kavadam okari laingikata mariyu aanandaanni anubhavinche saamarthyaanni elaa prabhaavitam chestundo adhyayanam chestaaru. norwaylo, vaikalya adhyayanalu saahitya sandarbhamlo kendrikrutamai unnaayi.
2017loe central washington vishwavidhyaalayamlo saamaajika nyayam, saarvatrika roopakalpana mariyu antarjaateeya web accessibility maargadarsakaalapai (wyag 3) saadhaarana vidya ghnaana sthaavaramgaa interdisciplinary drushti saarinchina modati accessibility studies prograamtho oka vaividhyam udbhavinchindi.
charitra.
vishwavidyaalayaalu vaidyaparamaina konam nundi vaikalyalanu chalakalamga adhyayanam chesaayi. 1986loe, deerghakaalika anaaroogyam, balaheenata mariyu saamaajika shaastra sangham yokka vaikalyam adhyayanam kosam vibhaganni society pharr disability studies gaa paeru marcharu mariyu daani journal "disability studies traimaasika" anedi disability studies loe modati journal. modati US vaikalya adhyayana karyakramam 1994loe syracuse vishwavidhyaalayamlo udbhavinchindi. ayithe, korsulu mariyu karyakramalu chaalaa takkuvagaa undevi. 1997loe "disability studies reader" yokka modati edition loe, lenard zhe. maanaveeya saastraalalo vaikalyam gurinchi evarainaa bodhinchadam daadaapu asadhyam" anie davis raasaaru. padhi samvatsaraala taruvaata vraayabadina rendava sanchikalo, "anthaa maaripoyindi", conny "vaikalyam adhyayanalu maplo unnanduna, daanini kanugonadam sulabham anie ardham kaadu" anie ayana raasaaru.
ippatikee 2000la antataa eee kshetram perugutuunae undhi. 2009loe "vaikalyam adhyayanalu traimaasikamgaa" aangla bhasha vaikalyam adhyayanalu degreelu mariyu korsula yokka bahulajaati sameekshanu prachurinchindi. 2003 nundi 2008 varaku us, yuke, australia, newzealand mariyu kenadaalo vikalanga adhyayanala sankhya 56 nundi 108 kii perigindani mariyu degree-manjuru kaaryakramaala sankhya 212 nundi 420 kii perigindani vaaru kanugonnaru. vikalanga adhyayanaalalo mottam 17 degreelu andinchabaddaayi, uslo 11 karyakramalu, yukelo 2, kenadaalo 3 mariyu australialo 1.
2014 vyaasam "disability studies eah nyuu normal" loe "newyork times" suuchistumdi, disability studies prograamlalo vistarana anedi 1990loe americans vith disabilities act (ada) kuu sambandhinchinadi. angavaikalya adhyayanalu peragadamtho, adaa gadichina tarvaata perigina vaaru kalaasaalalu mariyu sraamikasaktiloki pravesinchaaru. 2014 vyaasamlo, "vaikalyam adhyayanalu traimaasika" 2008 nundi 2012 varaku vidyaarthi nadipe samuuhaalu mariyu vaikalyam adhyayanala madhya sambandhaalapai oka vislaeshanhanu prachurinchindi. vaari vyaasam naalugu ververu vishwavidyaalayaalalo samuuhaalanu vislaeshistumdi mariyu professorlu vaari paatyaamsaallo mariyu parisoedhanaloo vidyaarthi kriyaaseelatanu elaa cherchaaro vivaristundi.
nirvachanalu.
vikalaangula adhyayanala kosam antarjaateeya samajam prakaaram
vaikalya adhyayanalu mariyu vaidya maanaveeya saastraalu.
vaikalyam yokka saamaajika namuunaa deerghakaalika anaaroogyaaniki mariyu vaidya maanaveeya saastraala yokka vistruta paniki vistarinchabadindi. vikalaangula adhyayanala dwara vikalaangula aarogya samrakshananu meruguparachadaaniki vaidyulu krushi chestunnaru. eee bahula-kramasikshanaa vichaarana rangam vivakshanu parishkarinchadaaniki vikalaangula anubhavalu mariyu drukpathaalanu aakarshistundi. vaidya vidyaarthulaku vaikalya adhyayanalanu parichayam cheyadaaniki bhaaratadesamlo anantamaina saamarthyam kontha praathamika pani chesindi. vaidya maanaveeya udyamam, abhyasakudu mariyu roogi drukpathaala nundi, comics-shaili madhyamam mariyu anaarogya kathanaanni militam chese abhivruddhi chendutunna vyuuhamgaa graphic medicine thoo anaarogyaanni anveshinchadamlo saahityaanni upayoginchadaanni samarthistundi.
vibhajana.
streevaadam vaikalyam adhyayanaalalo vibajananu cherchadaanni parichayam chestundi. idhi jaathi, lingam, laingikata, taragati mariyu itara sambandhita anachiveta vyavasthalapai drushti pedutundi, ivi vaikalyam kaligi undataanni kooda kalustaayi. streevaada drukkonam nundi, saamaajika samuuhaala madhya bahula sthaanaalu mariyu vibhedaalanu grahinchadam kosam pedda aandolana undhi. vibhajana mariyu vaikalyampai konni parisoedhanalu rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva kalankita samoohaalalo bhaagam kavadam mariyu ivi aneka rakaala vedhimpulaku elaa dohadapadutunnayi anae daanipai drushti saarinchaayi, eee paaradaaksnu "double jpardy" anie pilustaaru.
linga ledhaa mahilala adhyayanalu vanti vidyaaparamaina amarikalu mariyu abhyasalalo course pani ellappuduu paraspara vibhajana mariyu gurtimpu yokka aadarsaalanu highlight cheyadu. conny vidyaavettalaloo vidyaarthulu mariyu professorlu charitranu chhedinche gurtimpula parakashtalo chudaru, conny oka drukpathamlo drushti pedataaru anae vaastavaanni shree craven highlight chestundi. craven mariyu athani sahacharulu vidyaarthulu mariyu adhyaapakulanu gurtimpu, anachiveta mariyu poraatam gurinchi kotta maargamlo alochinchela cheyadaaniki pratyaamnaaya course vivaranalo manasika mariyu saareeraka vaikalyam vanti gurtimpulanu chaerchaaru.
resu.
iteevali scholarshiplo vaikalyam mariyu jaathi madhya vibajananu anveshinche adhyayanalu unnaayi. christopher bell yokka pani jaathi thoo nimagnam kaavadaaniki vaikalyam adhyayanalanu bahirangamgaa savaalu chesindi, dheenini "white disability studies" anie pilichindi. nalladanam mariyu vaikalyam" paie athani maranaanantara valume athani vislaeshanhanu marinta abhivruddhi chesindi. eee rachanalu navaudaaravaada aardhika anachiveta samasyalatho mudipadi untaayi. 2009loe fiona kumari camp bell yokka "contours off ability dhi production off disability und abledness" prachurana parisoedhana yokka kotta disanu suuchimchimdi-abilitylo adhyayanalu, laingikata, jaathi mariyu savarinchina sariiraalaloo vikalaangata nirvahananu anveshinchadaaniki vaikalyamtho nimagnamai undataaniki minchi kadulutunnayi. eah. zhe. itara vishayaalatoepaatu, idhi bipoke prajalu, mahilalu, trans mariyu kweer prajala anubhavalanu cheripivestundi mariyu vaikalyam yokka marinta samuulamaina namuunaanu munduku testundi kabatti, vaikalyam yokka saamaajika namuunaanu vimarsinche vaari pani. adevidhamgaa, iteevali pani vidya adhyayanala rangamlo vaikalyam unna jaathi mariyu jaathi vibhajanalapai drushti saarinchindi mariyu klishtamaina jaathi adhyayanalanu vaikalyam adhyayanaalatho anusandhaaninchadaaniki prayatninchindi. vimarsakudu saami scalk nirvahinchina saahitya adhyayanalu vanti itara samakaaleena rachanalu, vaikalyam mariyu jaathi yokka vibajananu mariyu nallajati mahilala oohaatmaka kalpana shaililo oka roopakam vale diss/saamarthyaanni upayoginchadaanni anveshistaayi. samishtiga, eee rachanalu jaathi aadhaaritamgaa "itara" sariiraalanu saareerakamgaa, maanasikamgaa ledhaa naitikamgaa lopamgaa gurtinche sanklishta charitralatho vyavaharinchae prayatnaanni pratibimbistaayi mariyu shaastreeya jatyahankaram yokka eee charitranu samakaaleena dynamics varaku velikiteestaayi. pravartanaa" ledhaa vidyaaparamaina kaaranaala valla minority vidyaarthulu taragati ledhaa paatasaala nundi asamanamga tolaginchabadatarani, mariyu medho ledhaa abhyasa vaikalyaalato label cheyabade avakaasam chaalaa ekkuva anie anubhavika adhyayanalu chuupistunnaayi. samarthatha, laingikata mariyu jatyahankaram madhya paraspara charyanu vislaeshimchadaaniki roopondinchina oka paraspara vidhanamgaa rachayitalu klishtamaina jaathi mariyu vaikalyam adhyayanala, discrit yokka union nuu pratipaadinchaaru.
vyaktigata panditula panitho paatu, vaikalyam adhyayana samsthalu kooda vaikalyam mariyu jaathi mariyu lingampai drushti pettadam praarambhinchaayi. vaikalya adhyayanaalalo vaividhyam patla bell yokka nibaddhatanu gowravinchadaaniki society pharr disability studies criss bell memorial scholarshipnu srushtinchindi. post secondary vaikalyam adhyayana karyakramalu anachiveta yokka vibhajanatho ekkuvagaa nimagnamavutaayi. manitoba vishwavidyaalayam "vikalanga mahilalu" anae amsampai oka korsunu andistundi. newyork vishwavidhyaalayamlo iteevali masters vidyaarthi parisoedhanaa patraalu vikalanga mahilalu mariyu vikalaangulaina african santatiki chendina vyaktulaku sambandhinchina samasyalapai drushti pedataayi.
streevaadam.
streevaadam anedi oka samsthanu anachivese saamaajika mariyu raajakeeya amsaalanu ekikrutam chestundi, adhe samayamlo daani samskrutini angeekarinchadamlo saadhikaarata undataaniki anumatistundi. streevaada vaikalya adhyayanala panditulalo rosemary garland-thamson mariyu alyson coffer unnaaru. eee sambandhita anachiveta vyavasthalu "daani nirmaana samsthalu, saamaajika gurtimpulu, saamskrutika paddhatulu, raajakeeya sthaanaalu, chaaritraka sanghaalu mariyu maanava anubhavam yokka swaroopam" dwara samskruti yokka anni amsaalanu vyaapimpajaestaayani rosemary garland-thamson vivaristundi. gurtimpu aadhaarita klishtamaina samsthalu saamaajika nyayam, vishaya nirmaanam, anachiveta ghnaanam mariyu saamuuhika charya gurinchi mana avagahananu susampannam chesi, sanklishtaparichaayi" anie haaram-thamson marinta vivarinchaadu. yea saamaajika anachiveta pravartana vaarini alpasankhyakulugaa chestundi anae daanitoe sambandham lekunda streevaadam prati okkariki praapyata disagaa panichestundi. saareeraka sardubaatlu saadhaaranamgaa vaikalyam avagahana kosam poradinappatiki, manasika minahaayimpu kooda vaikalyalunna vyaktulanu anachiveyadamlo pradhana paatra poeshistumdi. vaikalyam mariyu streevaadam yokka kalayika american charitralo manam anukunna daanikante sarvasaadhaaranam, ayinappatikee idhi streevaada paniki ankitamaina media, museumlu ledhaa aarkaivlalo kanipinchadu. newyorkloni stoney brook vishwavidhyaalayamlo mahilala, linga mariyu laingika adhyayanala professor ayina rachel carbman, "vikalanga lesbian alayans (dla)" vanti lesbian streevaada samsthala prabhavam saahityam yokka aarkaivlalo mariyu samaajamlooni sanghatanala documentationlo elaa praatinidhyam vahinchaledani highlight chestundi. vikalaangulu, ledhaa lesbian ledhaa iddaroo ayina vyaktula drushyamaanata, praapyata mariyu angeekaaram kosam pooraadataaniki dla kalisi panichestundi. 1970luu mariyu 80la naati streevaada udyamamlo angavaikalya kriyaaseelata prarambhanni mariyu eee kaaranamtho chaeradaaniki desavyaaptamgaa kotta sabhyulu mariyu kaaryakartalanu elaa choppinchaaru anae vishayalanu carbman vyaasam highlight chestundi. streevaada aarkaivlalo bhaagamaina itara vaikalyam kendrikruta streevaada samsthalalo lesbian anaaroogyam maddatu samuuham mariyu gay mariyu lesbian blind (glb) unnaayi. vaataavarana godala" loe pratyaekamaina manasika pratyaekatanu saaraa ahmed vivaristuu, minority sareeraala chuttoo oka vaataavaranam undani, idhi oka kalise pratyaekamaina vyaktini kevalam rangu gala vyaktigaa oke gadilo undatam dwara ledhaa eee sandarbhamlo vaikalyam unna vyaktigaa undatam dwara enduku asoukaryamgaa cheyavacho vivaristundi. streevaadulu mariyu panditulu kooda linga mariyu vaikalyam yokka sambandhampai drushti saarinche siddhaantaalanu abhivruddhi chesaaru. thamus zhe vanti panditulu. lingaanni proses cheyadamlo mariyu anubhavinchadamlo vaikalyam pedda paatra pooshistundani, mariyu vikalaangulu tarachugaa vaari lingam patla kalankaanni anubhavistaarani gershik vaadinchaaru, endukante vaari vaikalyalu vaari shareera praatinidhyaanni pramaana dwaipaakshika linga praatinidhyam dwara minahaayinchavacchu. eee kalankam linga prakriyanu mariyu vikalaangula sweeya-praatinidhyaanni prabhaavitam cheyavachani kooda gershik vaadinchaaru. ellen shamuels lingam, vichitramaina laingikatalu mariyu vaikalyanni anveshistundi. vikalaangulu rajakeeyamgaa elaa anachivetaku guravutunnaro, shakti laenivaaru elaa unnaro kooda streevaadulu pariseelistaaru. abbi ell. vikalaangulu rajakeeyamgaa saktiheenulu anie wilkerson vaadinchaaru, endukante vaaru tarachugaa vivaahetara sambandham kaligi untaaru, mariyu laingika samstha lekapovadam raajakeeya samstha lekapovadaniki daariteestundi. vikalaangula vanti minority samuuhaala patla erotophobia vaarini marinta anachivestundani wilkerson suuchistunnaaru, endukante idhi eee samuuhaalu laingika samstha mariyu adhikaram dwara raajakeeya adhikaranni pondakunda nirodhistundi.
linga mariyu laingikata.
vaikalyam, lingam mariyu laingikata kalise chota crip siddhaantaanni kanugontaaru. critical disability siddhaantaaniki crip siddhaantam oka antar-kramasikshanaa vidhanamgaa undhi. crip siddhaantam" anae padam kaarii shandall yokka vyaasam "kripnu curing cheyadam ledhaa kwiyarnu crip cheyadam?" loe udbhavinchindi.: solo sweeyacharitraatmaka pradarsanalo kweer mariyu crip gurtimpula vibhajanalu. idhi 2003loe "desiring disability kweer theory meats disability studies" anae journal sanchikalo bhaagamgaa prachurinchabadindi. christopher bell yokka "nalladanam mariyu vaikalyam"; mariyu robbert mccrur yokka pani vintha mariyu vaikalyam rendintinee anveshistundi.
appati nundi eee amsampai aneka pustakaalu mariyu vyasalu vrayabaddayi. crip siddhaantaaniki ankitam cheyabadina prati tadupari scholarship oka amsamgaa crip siddhaantam elaa ardham chesukobadutundo vistaristundi.
paina perkonna saahityamlo ekkuva bhaagam united statesloni vyaktigata rachayithalache vraayabadindi, ayithe itara deshaala nundi vaikalyam mariyu laingikatanu adhe sandarbhamlo varninchedi aemee ledhu. norwegian panditudu myren-swellstad, norway samaajamlo rendu vichakshana laeni navlalanu poolchaaru, 1932loe raasina nini roll ankar yokka "enken [dhi vitantuvu]" mariyu 1935loe raasina magnild halke yokka "allis soane [allis sunn]". avi rendoo kooda vikalaangudaina oka vichitramaina vyaktini varnistaayi. vaikalyam anedi samajam yokka bhinnamaina drukpatham kante manasika saamarthyam gananeeyamgaa bhinnamgaa unna vyaktigaa chithreekarinchabadindi.
eee sanghaalu tama sontamgaa aneka charchalaku sambandhinchina amsaalu; ayithe, avi tarachugaa aneka vidhaluga praamukhyatatoo anusandhaaninchabadi untaayi. udyamaala praamukhyata 1980laloe vegaanni mariyu atyanta chattaparamaina gurtimpunu pempondinchadam praarambhinchindi. 1973loe matrame american psychiatric association swalinga samparkaanni vaari manasika rugmatala jabita nundi tolaginchindi. dheeniki adanamgaa, sumaru nalabhai samvatsaraala taruvaata 2013loe "manasika rugmatala nirdhaarana mariyu ganaanka manueval, aidava edition" (dsm-5) transgender jaabitaanu "gender diasphoria" gaa maarchindi.
eee rendu minority hakkula kesu kalisi vacchina atyanta mukhyamaina paristhitulalo okati "kaulsky yokka samrakshakatvamlo" kortu kesu, dheenilo 1983loe jarigina oka pramaadamloo 36 yella shahron kaulsky medaduku teevramaina gaayaalato saareerakamgaa vikalangudayyadu. aame deerghakaala bhagaswamy ayina curran thampson nuu sandarsinche hakkulanu niraakarinchina aame swalinga samparkula tallidandrulaku kortu aame samrakshakatvaanni manjuru chesindi. kortu kesu daadaapu padeella paatu konasaagindi mariyu 1991loe thampson custodyni manjuru cheyadam dwara parishkarinchabadindi. idhi swalinga samparkula hakkula rangamlo oka pradhana vijayam, conny kweer mariyu vikalaangula spectrum kinda gurtinchina vaari hakkula chellubaatu gurinchi kooda drushtini aakarshinchindi. 1977loe chevitivaari indradhanassu kootami sthaapana, 1996loe america samuuham yokka lesbian vikalanga anubhavagnulu, appudu gay, lesbian, dwilinga mariyu transgender vikalaangulaina anubhavagnulugaa maarina america, mariyu 2006loe shaan francisco gay amputies group vanti eee nirdishta minority samoohaalalo gurtinchevaariki surakshitamaina pradaesaalanu srushtinchadaaniki aneka maddatu samuuhaalu avasaram nundi udbhavinchaayi.
binna linga sahacharulatho poliste elgibiticue vyaktulalo vaikalyam ekkuvagaa undani 2012 adhyayanam choopinchindi. binna linga samuuham kante vikalaangulaina elgibitique samuuham vayassu takkuvagaa unnatlu kooda choopabadindi. 2014loe jarigina oka adhyayanamlo, "swalinga samparkulu, suutigaa, dwilinga samparkulu ledhaa itaratra gurtinchagala vikalanga mahilalu vaari saamaajika aardhika sthithi mariyu saamarthyam kaaranamgaa srungaara sambandhaalanu kanugonadam kashtam" anie kanugonnaru. lesbian vikalanga samajam samardhyam, swalinga samparkam, jatyahankaram mariyu marintagaa vibhajana gurtimpulu mariyu aasaktula kaaranamgaa vivaksha kaaranamgaa aneka addamkulanu edurkontondi anae aalochananu drummond mariyu bratman parichayam chesaaru.
shaashwata saamaajika kalankam kaaranamgaa rendu samuuhaalu tama laingika gurtimpu, linga gurtimpu mariyu vaikalyam gurtimpu paramgaa oke rakamaina "bayataku ravadam" prakriyaku lonavalsi untundani cheppadam kooda charchaku pedda amsam. "laingika gurtimpu, linga gurtimpu mariyu vaikalyam gurtimpu dwara bayataku ravadam anedi "double jpardy" kii oka udaaharana, endukante avi okati kante ekkuva kalankita samuuhamloo bhaagam.
eli clair vaikalyam mariyu transgender adhyayanala koodalilo vraastuu, eee vibhagalu okadaanikokati elaa neerchukoogalavu anae daani gurinchi vraastuu untaaru. adevidhamgaa transgender vyaktulu mariyu vikalaangulu iddarikee 'bayataku ravadam' elaa undhi, shareera gopyata lekapovadam rendu samuuhaalu edurkontunnaayi, pradhanamgaa sareeram yokka adhika-vaidyeekarana kaaranamgaa. clar saareeraka mariyu vaidya satyaala madhya vyatyaasaanni cheyadaaniki kooda panichestundi, ikkada oka lingamarpidi ledhaa vikalanga vyaktigaa okari roganirdhaarana mariyu vaidya chikitsa vaari avataaraanni mariyu vaaru prapanchaanni elaa nadipistaaro nirdesinchadu. chivariki, clar anedi vaikalyam rajakeeyaala aalochananu cherukuntundi, idhi "mana sareeraala yokka jeevita anubhavalanu pariseelistundi, idhi saadhaarana aalochananu mariyu nivaarana bhavananu prasninchutundi, idhi sweeya-nirnayaanni viluvainadi, idhi siggunu mariyu vaidyatanu nirodhistundi.
mahilala adhyayanala nundi udbhavinchina kweer adhyayanalu, bhinnamaina anachivetaku guraina kweer mariyu vikalaangulaina transgender vyaktula vaipu velugunistaayi. kweer adhyayanalu saadhaaranamgaa "crip" gaa gurtinche vikalaangulatoe mudipadi untaayi mariyu saadhaaranamgaa kweer rajakeeyaalu crip rajakeeyaalanu kaligi undaalani nammutaaru. alyson coffer coffer yokka "feminist kweer crip" loe kweer mariyu crip rendintinee tirigi ketaayinchina padaalanu gurtinche modati-vyakti anubhavanni vivaristundi. coffer bhavishyat rajakeeyaalanu vivaristaadu mariyu "eee oohinchina bhavishyattulanu aalochinchaalane pattudala-anduvalla, ivi vibhinnamgaa jeevinchaayi".
vikalaangulaina chaalaa mandhi kaaryakartalu crip anae padaanni viniyoginchukovadamlo saadhikaaratanu kanugonnappatiki, vikalaangulandaruu aaa gurtimpunu upayoginchadam soukaryamgaa anipincharu. vaikalyaaniki pratyamnaayamgaa aneka vibhina padaalu upayoginchabadutunnaayi, udaaharanaku "vibhina saamardhyalu" anae padaanni upayoginche laabhaapekshaleni melwood, label vaikalyanni "saareeraka ledhaa manasika balaheenata kaaranamgaa vruttini konasaginche saamardhyamlo parimitigaa varnistundi; anarhata, parimiti ledhaa pratikuulata mariyu edainaa cheyadaaniki chattaparamaina arhata lekapovadam, anedi oka cross section prajalaku sariponi ledhaa parimita 'label'. vaikalyam anae padaaniki heenatvam yokka charitra unnanduna, eee padaanni pratyaamnaayam cheyadam daanilo ponduparachabadina saamarthyaanni tolaginchadaaniki sahaayapadutundani chaalaa mandhi nammutaaru. susanne vendell samaajamlo samardhyaanni "balaheenata laeni vyaktula kosam oka nirmaanamgaa" varninchaaru. edainaa paraspara pratikuulatalu unna evarikainaa idhi vartistundi. streevaadam eee pratikuulatalanu gurtistundi mariyu nirdishta samuuhaala prajalanu attaduguna unchadaaniki maddatu ichhe vyavasthanu elaa punarnirminchaalo vyuuham roopondistundi.
kweer/disable invisibility mariyu negativity.
tarachugaa charchinchani vaikalyam adhyayanala yokka oka amsam vikalaangulanu adrusyamgaa chuse avagahana. dheenini "kweer/disable invisibility" anie kooda pilustaaru. vikalanga adhyayanaalalo, vikalaangulaina vyaktulu, dheenini vidya courselo chesevaaru, saadhaaranamgaa vikalaangulugaa undatam mariyu samaajamlooni samarthavanthamaina nibandhanalanu edurkovadam matrame kakunda, vaaru kweer, oka mahila ledhaa americalo caucassian yokka master rays kakunda maroka jaathi yokka vyakti vanti itara gurtimpulatoe kooda poradavalasi untundi. vikalanga vyaktini penchutunna vidhanam gurinchi pratikuula avagahana roopaallo kooda vichitramaina/vikalanga adrushyata raavacchu. udaaharanaku, vikalanga pillalanu penchutunna vichitramaina tallulanu tarachugaa pillala vaikalyaaniki kaaranamgaa chuustaaru. jeevitakaala anaaroogyam mariyu vaikalyamtho jeevistunna oka nirdishta lingamgaa gurtinchani oka yuvatini josey yokka jeevita anubhavaalalo kweer mariyu vikalanga pratikuulataku maroka udaaharana highlight cheyabadindi. eee yuva mahila thana vaikalyam kaaranamgaa thana vishwavidyaalayam, kweer community mariyu vaidya pradaatalaloo aneka vidhaluga laingikata, samardhyam, swalinga samparkam mariyu transphobianu elaa anubhavinchindo vivaristundi. eee udaaharanalalo mahilala vivaksha anedi nedu prapanchavyaaptamgaa unna samajalalo bhinnamaina, samarthavanthamaina drukpathamlo bhaagam, conny saahityamlo ledhaa vaikalya adhyayana courselalo arudugaa charchinchabadutunnaayi.
raajakeeya aardhika vyavastha mariyu saamaajika vargam.
taragatilo vaikalyam dwara vibhajanaku bahula margalu vastaayi. vaikalyam madhyataragati, unnata taragati mariyu diguva taragati drukpathamtho paatu jaathi, lingam mariyu jaathi dwara bhinnamgaa kanipistundi. oka vyakti vikalangudainappudu, okari saamaajika taragati dohadam cheyavachu, adhi mundugaane ledhaa taruvaata kaavacchu. udaaharanaku, pedarikam unna chota manam vaikalyanni kanugontamu. eee pedarikamlo saamaajika, aardhika, saamskrutika pedarikam undavacchu. pedarikam vaikalyaaniki dohadam cheyagaladu, alaage vaikalyam kaligi undatam paedarikaaniki dohadam chestundi. vikalaangulu pedarikamlo jeevinchi, nirudyogulugaa unde avakaasam laeni vaari kante ekkuvagaa untundi, phalitamgaa saamaajika aardhika sthithi takkuvagaa untundi. kontamandi panditulu, eee roeju ardham chesukunnatluga, vaikalyam anedi taragati mariyu pettubadidaarii vidhaanamtho mudipadi undani vaadinchaaru. medho vaikalyam, nedu ardham chesukunnatluga, paarisraamika viplavam yokka utpatti, endukante vaegamgaa panichese factory panini konasaginchaleni kaarmikulu pathologise cheyabaddaaru.
vimarsha.
saamaajika namuunaanu prasninchadam.
praapyata nipunula antarjaateeya sangham vaikalyanni bhavana cheyadaaniki aaru ververu namuunaalanu gurtistundihi saamaajika, vaidya, saamskrutika anubandham, aardhika, daatrutvam mariyu kriyaatmaka parishkaralu. okasari eee rangamlo vishwavyaaptamgaa aamodinchabadina taruvaata, vaikalyam yokka saamaajika namuunaa iteevala savaalu cheyabadindi. 2014 "vaikalyam adhyayanalu traimaasika" vyaasamlo, campus vaikalyam samoohaalalo palgonna vidyaarthulu tama deerghakaalika anaarogyaalaku chikitsalanu churukuga korukuntunnarani mariyu vaikalyam yokka "vaidya namuunaanu tiraskarinchadaanni" prasnistunnaarani gamaninchaaru. saamskrutika anubandha namuunaa vyakti yokka vaikalyanni puurtigaa angeekaristundi mariyu idhe paristhitiloo unna itara vyaktulatoe anubandham kaligi undatamlo garvamgaa upayogistundi. aardhika namuunaa oka vyakti pani cheyagala saamardhyampai saareeraka parimitula prabhavanni gurtistundi, mariyu vyakti yokka vaikalyaaniki aardhika maddatu ledhaa vasati avasaram undavacchu, ayithe swachchanda namuunaa vikalaangulanu duradrushtavantulugaa mariyu bayati nundi sahayam avasaramani bhaavistundi, daatrutvaanni andinchevaaru avasaramaina janaabhaaku dayagala sahakaruluga pariganistaaru. vaikalyam yokka kriyaatmaka parishkarala namuunaa anedi vaikalyam kaaranamgaa parimitulanu (ledhaa "kriyaatmaka balaheenatalu") gurtinche aacharanaatmaka drukpatham, aaa parimitulanu adhigaminchadaaniki parishkaralanu srushtinchi, prothsahinchaalane uddesyamto. praadhamika pani saanketika ledhaa paddati aavishkaranala dwara sareeram yokka kriyaatmaka parimitula prabhavanni tolaginchadam ledhaa kaneesam tagginchadam. kriyaatmaka parishkara namuunaa yokka vyaavahaarikasattaavaadam vaikalyam yokka saamaajika-raajakeeya amsaalanu nokki chebutundi, badulugaa aavishkarana mariyu vyavasthaapakataku praadhaanyata istundi. swatantra jeevanasailiki maaradaaniki siddhamavutunna vikalaangulaku sweeya-samarthatha mariyu sweeya-nyaayavaada naipunhyaalanu prothsahinche sammati saahityam venuka unna prabalamaina abhiprayam idhi.
vaikalyam mariyu balaheenatala madhya tappudu vibajananu srushtinchadaaniki saamaajika namuunaa kooda savaalu cheyabadindi, endukante vaikalyam matrame kaadu, samajikamga nirminchabadindi. eee vimarsha streevaada vaadanalapai aadhaarapadutundi, laingikata anedi jeevasambandhamainadani, conny lingam saamaajikamani cheppadam anedi tappudu dwaipaakshikata, endukante laingikata kooda samajikamga nirminchabadindi. idhi bhouthika vaastavikatanu tiraskarinchadam kaadu, conny konni viluvalu, avasaralu mariyu vasati mariyu itarula avamaanampai unchina saamaajika viluvapai drushtini aakarshistundi.
abhignaa mariyu manasika vaikalyalanu minahaayinchadam.
manasika anaaroogyam yokka nirmaanaanni vislaeshimchadaaniki vaikalyam adhyayanaalalo upanyaasam undhi."ayithe, kontamandi post-structuralist vaikalya panditulu manassu yokka balaheenatalapai tama drushtini kendrikarincharu. lancaster vishwavidhyaalayamloni institute pharr health research loe saamaajika saastramlo paatakudu ayina karol thamus prakaram, gatamlo vikalanga panditulu saareeraka vaikalyalunna vyaktulu edurkontunna addamkulanu matrame pariganinchi undavacchu. balaheenata, abhignaa vaikalyam mariyu manasika anaaroogyam yokka anubhavam charchalo ledhu.
vaikalyam scholarship "manasika balaheenata" yokka yea drukpatham kindaku raavacchu anedi spashtamgaa teliyadu, idhi panditula vaipu nundi sankochaaniki daariteesindi. peater beresford (2002) vanti panditulu "manasika balaheenatalanu pariganaloki teesukune picchi mariyu baadha yokka saamaajika namuunaa abhivruddhini suuchistunnaaru. inca itarulu manasika anaarogyaala adhyayanaaniki "muurtamaina vidhananni" sifaarasu cheyavachu.
crip siddhaantam aavirbhaavamto eee aadhipatyam savaalu cheyabadutondi. streevaadi, kweer, crip" loe, alyson coffer ilaa paerkonnaadu, "naa lakshyam chaaritraatmakamgaa mariyu rajakeeyamgaa, vaikalyaaniki aapaadinchabadina ardhaalanu sandarbhochitamgaa marchadam, tadwara" vaikalyam "nuu vimarsinchagala, pootii cheyagala, mariyu marchagala paddhatulu mariyu sanghaala samitigaa unchadam." 

