duchy off benevento

benevento yokka duchy (774 taruvaata, benevento rajyam) anedi dakshina italeelooni benevento anae nagarampai kendrikrutamai unna italian dveepakalpamloni dakshinaana unna lombard duchy. lombard dukes 571 nundi 1077 varaku beneventonu paripaalinchaaru, pope kuu ivvadaaniki mundu naalugu samvatsaraalu normans dheenini jayincharu. rome yokka papal duchy dwara migilina lombard aastula nundi kattirinchabadina benevento modati nundi aacharanatmakamgaa swatantramgaa undhi. kevalam grimmold paalanalo matrame (r. 662-671) mariyu luteprand nundi vacchina raajulu (r. 712-744) duchy lambards raajyamtho daggari sambandham kaligi undhi. conny rajyam patanam taruvaata, duchy ekaika lumbard bhoobhagamgaa maarindi, idhi daadaapu 300 samvatsaraala paatu daani "vaastava" swaatantryaanni konasaaginchindi, ayinappatikee idhi 849 tarvaata vibhajinchabadindi. benevento parimaanamlo 11va sataabdam praarambhamlo ksheeninchindi, athanu norman robbert gisscard chetha puurtigaa swaadheenam cheyabadindi.
paal dhi deacon beneventonu samniyam praantam taruvaata "sumnite duchy" ("ducatum sumnitium") gaa suuchistaadu.
foundation.
duchy srushti chuttoo unna paristhitulu vivadaspadamga unnaayi. kontamandi panditula abhiprayam prakaram, poe loyanu puurtigaa jayinchadaaniki chaalaa mundu dakshina italeelo lombardulu undevi eee vruttaamtaala prakaram duchy duchy sthaapinchabadi undavacchu. lombardulu taruvaata, 590 loe pravesinchi undavacchu. emainappatiki, modati duke jotto, campania teeram nundi digivacchina sainikula brundaaniki nayakudu. modata swatantramgaa unnappatikee, jotto chivariki uttaraana raaja adhikaaraaniki longela cheyabaddaadu. athani varasudu athani menalludu, arachis, mariyu vamsapaaramparya vaarasatva suutram beneventon dacheeki chivari varaku maarganirdesam chesindi.
shidhilamgaa allina lombard raajyamlo bhaagamaina lombard duchylu, vaari ummadi muulaalu mariyu bhasha, mariyu uttaraana maadirigaane chattam mariyu matam unnappatikee, mariyu raaja kutumbam nundi streelanu vivaham chesukune beneventon dukela aacharam unnappatikee, tappanisarigaa swatantramgaa undevi. rome ledhaa ravennaku vidheyata chuupina bhuubhaagam pavia vadda unna raajula nundi benevento dukelanu vaeru chesindi. saamskrutika swayampratipatti sahajamgaa anusarinchindihi oka vilakshanhamaina prardhana shlokam, beneventon shlokam, benevento charchilo abhivruddhi cheyabadindihi idhi 11va sataabdam varaku gregorian shlokam dwara puurtigaa bharti cheyabadaledu. latin raayadaaniki oka pratyaekamaina paropakari lipi kooda abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. 8va sataabdapu rachayita paal dhi deacon duke vaduvu paviaku chendina yuvarani anucharudilo beneventoku vacchaadu. beneventon mathaalalo goppadi, maante casinolo sthirapadina athanu modata rome charitranu, aapai aaa samayam varaku duchy charitraku pradhana vanarugaa unna lombards charitranu rachinchaadu.
vistarana.
jotto vaarasula aadhvaryamlo, duchy byzantine saamraajyaaniki vyatiraekamgaa vistarinchabadindi. friuli dacheeki chendina aurechis, kapuva mariyu crotonlanu swaadheenam chesukuni, byzantine amalphini tolaginchaadu, conny nepullanu swaadheenam chesukolekapoyadu. ayana paalana taruvaata, dakshina italeelooni byzantine holdings naples, amalphy, getaa, sorento, calabria mariyu samudra nagaralaina apulia (baari, brindisi, otranto modalainavi) kuu tagginchabaddaayi.). tagginchabaddaayi.), duke grimmold I (647 nundi duke), thana sodarudu, saha-raaju perktaaritku vyatiraekamgaa raaju godpertku sahayam cheyadaaniki uttaraana velli, badulugaa modatidaanni champi, taruvaati vaarini bahishkarinchi, pavianu swaadheenam chesukunnadu. lombards rajuga, athanu divangata raaju modati aripert yokka kaathalikkulapai aariyanijamnu punaruddharinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu. edemaina, duchylo kooda arianism kanumarugaipoyindi, alaage jaathi lombard janabha mariyu latin mariyu greeku matlade janabha madhya vyatyaasam kooda kanumarugaindi. kanumarugaindi, dakshina italeeni tirigi pondadaaniki tarranto vadda digina constance II yokka viphalamaina prayatnam samayamlo nagaranni byzantinelu muttadinchaaru. duke romald I nagaranni dhairyamgaa rakshinchaadu, romald tandri, king grimmold raakaku bhayapadi chakravarthy kooda nepulsku padavee viramana chesaadu. ayithe, romald avellino mariyu salerno madhya forino vadda roman sainyamlo kontha bhaganni addukuni, daanini naasanam chesaadu. duchy mariyu thoorpu saamrajyam madhya madhya shanti oppandam kudirindi.
taruvaati dasaabdaalalo, benevento byzantines nundi konni bhuubhaagaalanu jayinchadu, conny dacheeki pradhana satruvu ippudu uttara lombard rajyam. ducal simhaasanampai thana sonta abhyardhini vidhinchadaaniki raaju luteprand anekasaarlu jokyam chesukunnadu. athani varasudu ratchis, raaja anumati lekunda prayaaninchadam nishedhinchabadina spoleto mariyu benevento videshee deshaala duchylanu prakatinchaadu.
secondum tisinum.
tisinum, raaju deciderius spoleto mariyu beneventolanu kluptamgaa swaadheenam chesukunnadu, conny conny charlemagne lombard rajyaanni jayinchadamtho, rendava aurechis raaja gowravaanni pondadaaniki mariyu beneventonu "secondum tisinum" gaa maarchadaaniki prayatninchaaduh rendava pavia (paatha lombard rajadhani). idhi asaadhyamani, thana vaipu spashtamaina drushtini aakarshistundani chuusi, athanu badulugaa "prinsps" (yuvaraju) birudunu enchukunnadu. enchukunnadu, charlemagne salernonu muttadinchadam valla athanu frankish aadhipatyaaniki longipovalasi vachindi. eee samayamlo, beneventonu oka charitrakaarudu "tisinum geminum"-oka "twin pavia" gaa prasamsimchaaru. puraatana nagaraniki nairuti disalo unna neelapai kotta godalatho kuudina aavaranalu vistarinchi, roman nagaranni vistarinchaayi, ikkada kotta raacharika rajabhavanam kosam paatha nirmaanaalanu aschis dhvamsam chesaaru, dheeni bahiranga kortu ippatikee acropolis yokka "piano dii courte" loe gurtinchadaginadi. vaari byzantine satruvula maadirigaane, dukelu rajabhavanam praamganaanni seyint sofiya anae jaateeya charchitho anusandhanincharu.
anusandhanincharu, constantinople vadda aasrayam pondina deciderius kumarudu adelchis netrutvamloni byzantine dalaalu eee raajyampai daadi chesaayi. ayithe, athani prayatnaalanu arachis kumarudu moodava grimmold addukunnaru, athanu paakshikamgaa fraanklaku longipoyadu. fraanklu adelchisnu tippikottadamlo sahayapaddaru, conny, benevento bhuubhaagaalapai anekasaarlu daadi chesi, chinna laabhaalanu pondaaru, mukhyamgaa duchy off spoletotho cheeteeni vileenam cheyadam. cheyadam, grimmold IV pavitramaina luis kuu kappam kattadam mariyu longipovadam gurinchi aspashtamaina vaagdaanaalu chesaadu, vaatini athani varasudu siko punaruddharinchaadu. eee pratignalalo edhee anusarinchabadaledu, mariyu vyaktigata karolingian chakravartula shakti mariyu prabhavam taggadam duchy daani svayampratipattini penchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi.
lambard raajula maadirigaane, patraalanu dhruveekarinchadaaniki beneventon dukelu seal ringsnu upayoginchaaru, mariyu yuvarajulu tommidava sataabdam varaku vaatini upayoginchadam konasaginchi undavacchu. avi roman paripalana roopaala konasaagimpunu (ledhaa anukarana), alaage vistrutamaina aksharaasyatanu (ledhaa "upa-aksharaasyata") suuchistaayi.
vibhajana mariyu vijayam dwara ksheenata.
taruvaati sataabdamloo frankish saarvabhoumaadhikaarula nirantara satrutvam unnappatikee, benevento daani sikharaaniki cherukundi, nepulspy kappam vidhinchindi mariyu duke sicard aadhvaryamlo amalphini swaadheenam chesukundi. chesukundi sicard hatyaku gurainappudu, antaryuddham chelaregindi. sicard sodarudu sikonalphnu salernolo yuvarajuga prakatinchaaru, ayithe hantakudu radelchis beneventolo simhasananni adhishtinchaadu. 10 samvatsaraala antaryuddham taruvaata, chakravarthy luis II ducheeni rendu vibhina pradhanulugaa vibhajinchaalani aadesinchadam dwara sangharshananu muginchaaduh benevento (uttaraana taranto varaku mollis mariyu apulia) mariyu salerno rajyam. vibhajanalo bhaagamgaa, kapuvanu salerno raajyamlo bhaagamgaa chesaaru.
muslim vidhvamsaala praarambhamtho sankshobham teevrataram ayyindi, modati sarasenlanu radelchis mariyu taruvaata vaari dasaabdam paatu jarigina yuddhamlo siconalph pilicharu. tarachugaa pratyarthi kraistava paalakulache prerepinchabadina saaraasenlu naples mariyu salernolapy daadi chesi viphalamayyaru. dakshina lazioloni islaamik kaalanee kaalanee garigliano yuddham taruvaata matrame tolaginchabadindi. ayithe, adhe samayamlo, byzantine saamrajyam dakshina italeelo chaalaa bhaganni tirigi swaadheenam chesukundi, idhi baari nundi praarambhamai, vaaru vaaru saracence nundi tirigi swaadheenam chesukunnaru, chivariki "stratrigoi" kinda vaari "itivruttaalanu" italii (999) yokka catapanetga penchaaru, idhi ippatike ksheenistunna beneventon saktini marinta tagginchindi.
tagginchindi, kapuvaku chendina attenulf I beneventonu jayinchi, rendu duchylanu ekam chesaadu. athanu vaatini vidadeeyaraanivigaa prakatinchi, saha-paalana suutraanni pravesapettaadu, dheeni dwara kumaarulu vaari tandrulatoe anubandhinchabadataaru, eee suutraanni tvaralo salerno sweekarinchaadu. edemaina, edemaina salerno yuvaraju ayina duke pundulf ironhead chivari sariga "langobardia mainer" nuu ekikrutam chesaadu. athanu athanu beneventonu archdiosisga cheyadamlo vijayam saadhinchaadu. athani maranaaniki mundu (marchi 981), athanu chakravarthy otto I nundi duke off spoleto birudunu kooda pondaadu. ayithe, athanu daanini thana kumaarula madhya vibhajinchaaduh landulf IV benevento-kapuva mariyu pundulf II, salerno andukunnaru. tvaralo, inupa thala menalludu pandalph tirugubaatu chesi, vaarasatvamlo thana bhaganni korinappudu benevento mallee tolaginchabaddaadu.
padakondava sataabdam modati dasaabdaalalo benevento thana sodari dutches, salerno, appudu pramukhamaina ledhaa kapuva kante takkuvagaa ksheeninchindi. sumaru 1000, benevento ippatikee 34 ververu kounteelanu kaligi undhi. undhi, pavitra roman chakravarthy rendava henry kapuva mariyu benevento rendintinee jayinchadu, conny troya yokka viphalamaina muttadi taruvaata germanyki tirigi vacchaadu. eee samvatsaraallo normanlu mejjogiyorno cherukunnaru, appudu benevento papal aadhipatyamlo unnatlu angeekarinchabadindi, kevalam oka off-und-aann mitrudu matrame. beneventon duke ippatikee apulialo norman-lombard tirugubaatuku nayakudiga thana kumarudaina attenalphnu ivvadaaniki taginanta pratishtanu kaligi unnadu, conny attenalph normanlanu vidichipettadu mariyu benevento daani prabhaavamlo migili unnadaanni kolpoyadu.
dakshinaana unna norman paalakulalo goppavadu robbert gisscard, athanu athanu beneventonu swaadheenam chesukunnadu. gisscard, thana naamamaatrapu adhipati pope leo leo beneventonu icchaadu. pope leo Ix mariyu athani vaarasulu vaarasulu pope gregori VII benevento yokka giscard yuvarajunu niyaminche varaku chinna lombardulanu dukeluga niyaminchaaru. chivaraku, chivaraku, giscard, tarataraalugaa dakshina italian vyavahaaraala disanu nirnayinchina okappudu goppa raajyamlo migili unna nagaram kante takkuvatho, papaaseeki birudunu tirigi icchaadu. aaa taruvaata dukelu ledhaa yuvarajula paerlu pettabadaledu.
pettabadaledu, nepolian, beneventonu jayinchina taruvaata, prins dhi prasiddha charless mauris dii talirand gaa paeru pettadu. talerand 1815 varaku eee birudunu kaligi unnadu mariyu thana itara panulatho paatu ducheeni nirvahinchadamlo chaalaa samarthudu. beneventonu fibravari fibravari jochim murat swaadheenam chesukunnadu mariyu vienna congress loe pope kuu punaruddharinchabadindi.

