
holstein frisian

holstein frisian anedi antarjaateeya jaathi ledhaa paala pasuvula jaatula samuuham. idhi uttara halland mariyu frieslandloni dutch provinceulalo mariyu uttara germanyloni schleswig-holsteinlo udbhavinchindi. idhi prapanchavyaaptamgaa paarisraamika paadi vyavasaayamlo prabalamaina jaathi, mariyu 160 kii paiga deshaalalo kanipistundi. dheenini holstein, frisian mariyu nalupu mariyu telupu vanti aneka paerlatoe pilustaaru.
kotta prapancham abhivruddhi chendadamtho, uttara america mariyu dakshina americalo paalaku demand perigindi, mariyu aaa praantaalalo paala pempakandaarulu modata netherlands nundi tama pasuvulanu digumati chesukunnaru. ayithe, sumaru 8,800 friesianlu (block pied german aavulu) digumati chesukunna taruvaata, vyaadhi samasyala kaaranamgaa airopa paala jantuvulanu egumati cheyadam nilipivesindi.
nedu, eee jaatini uttara airopalo paalu kosam mariyu dakshina airopalo maamsam kosam upayogistaaru. 1945 taruvaata, jaateeya moulika sadupayala abhivruddhi kaaranamgaa european pasuvula pempakam mariyu paala utpattulu konni praantaalaku parimitam ayyayi. eee maarpu konni jantuvulanu paala utpattiki, marikonni jantuvulanu goddu maamsam utpattiki ketayinchalsina avasaraniki daariteesindi. (gatamlo, paalu mariyu goddu maamsam dwandwa prayojana jantuvula nundi utpatti cheyabadevi.) nedu, paadi utpattilo 80 saataaniki paiga bordiaux mariyu venis madhya rekhaku uttaraana jarugutundi, mariyu airopalo 60 saataaniki paiga pasuvulu kooda akkade kanipistaayi. dutch frisian yokka jaateeya utpannamaina neti european jaatulu, paala utpattiki matrame holsteinlanu upayoginche united statesloni pempakandaarulachae abhivruddhi cheyabadina jantuvulaku chaalaa bhinnamgaa marai.
phalitamgaa, pempakandaarulu european nalupu-tellajati vaaritho cross breed cheyadaaniki united states nundi pratyaekamaina paadi holsteinlanu digumati chesukunnaru. nedu, "holstein" anae padaanni uttara ledhaa dakshina america stock mariyu airopalo, mukhyamgaa uttara airopalo aaa stock vadakanni vivarinchadaaniki upayogistaaru. "paadi mariyu goddu maamsam upayogam kosam pempakam cheyabadina saampradaaya european puurveekula jantuvulanu vivarinchadaaniki "frisian" upayoginchabadutundi. eee rendinti madhya siluvalanu "holstein-frisian" gaa varninchaaru.
jaathi lakshanaalu.
holsteinlu vilakshanhamaina gurtulanu kaligi untaayi, saadhaaranamgaa nalupu mariyu telupu ledhaa erupu mariyu telupu rangulo untaayi, ivi saadhaaranamgaa pybald namuunaalanu pradarsistaayi. arudaina sandarbhaallo, kondariki nalupu mariyu erupu rendinti rangu telupu rangutho untundi. erupu karakam eee pratyaekamaina ranguku kaaranamavutundi. 'neelam' kooda oka prasiddha rangu. eee rangu tellati ventrukalatho nallati ventrukalanu kalapadam dwara aavuku neelam rangunu istundi. eee rangunu konni vyavasaya vruttaalalo 'neelam rone' anie kooda pilustaaru. vaaru adhika paala utpattiki, samvatsaraaniki sagatuna paala utpattiki prasiddhi chendaaru. eee paalalo 858 poundlu (3.7 saatam) butter fyaat mariyu 719 poundlu (3.1 saatam) protein untaayi.
aarogyakaramaina dhooda puttinapudu 40 nundi 50 kilolu (75-110 lb) ledhaa anthakante ekkuva baruvu untundi. oka paripakva holstein aavu saadhaaranamgaa 680-770 kilolu (1500-1700 poundlu) baruvu untundi, mariyu bhujam vadda 145-165 sem. mea. (58-65 angulaalu) podavu untundi. holstein 11 nundi 14 nelala vayassulo, vaari baruvu 317-340 kilolu (700-750 poundlu) ledhaa vayojana baruvulo 55 saatam unnappudu pempakam cheyali. saadhaaranamgaa, holstein pasuvulanu 21 mariyu 24 nelala madhya mariyu vayojana shareera baruvulo 80 saatam madhya modatisaarigaa dhooda kosam pempakandaarulu pranaalika chestaaru. garbhadhaarana kaalam sumaru tommidinnara nelalu.
charitra.
kristupurvam 100 kii sameepamlo, hessey nundi sthaanabhramsham chendina prajala samuuham vaari pasuvulatoe frisi tegaku sameepamlo uttara samudra tiiraaniki valasa velli, batavia dveepaanni aakraminchi, khadgamrugam, maas mariyu wall madhya nivasinchaaru. chaaritraka recordulu eee pasuvulu nallaga unnayani, eee samayamlo frisian pasuvulu "swachchamaina telupu mariyu laetha rangu" gaa undevani suuchistunnaayi. cross breeding prastuta holstein-frisian jaatiki punaadiki daariteesinadi kaavacchu, endukante appati nundi eee rendu tegala pasuvulu chaaritraka recordulalo oke vidhamgaa vivarinchabaddaayi.
frisia anie piluvabade uttara samudram sarihaddulo unna desamloni bhaagam uttara halland, freesland mariyu groningen provinceulalo mariyu germanylo ms nadhi varaku undhi. prajalu pasuvula samrakshana mariyu pempakaaniki prasiddhi chendaaru. yuddhaaniki badulugaa matasambandhamaina karyakalapalanu ishtapade frisi, roman prabhutvaaniki eddula charmalu mariyu eddula kommula pannu chellinchagaa, batavi roman sainyaniki sainikulanu mariyu adhikaarulanu andinchaadu; veeru vividha roman yuddhaalalo vijayavantamgaa poraadaaru. frisi adhe jaathi pasuvulanu pramaadavasaattu tappa, 2,000 samvatsaraala paatu kaltee lekunda penchindi. cree. sha. 1282loe, varadalu juiderjeeni utpatti chesaayi, idhi aadhunika frisianla pasuvula pempakandaarulanu rendu samuhaluga vaeru chese prabhavanni kaligi unna oka erpadina neeti vanaru. paschima samuuham ippudu uttara haalandlo bhaagamaina paschima frieslandnu aakraminchindi; thoorpu praantam prastuta friesland mariyu groningen praavinsulanu aakraminchindi, netherlandslo kooda.
netherlandsloni susampannamaina poulder bhoomi gaddi, pasuvulu mariyu paala utpattula utpattiki saatilenidi. 13va mariyu 16va sataabdaala madhya, venna mariyu junnu utpatti apaaramainadi. chaaritraka recordulu 2,600 nundi 3,000 poundla baruvunna bhaarii goddu maamsam pasuvulanu vivaristaayi.
oke jantuvu nundi saadhyamainanta ekkuva paalu mariyu goddu mamsanni utpatti cheyalane lakshyam pempakandaarulaku undedi. empika, santanotpatti mariyu aaharam bhaarii vijayamtho jarigaayi. vividha praantaalalo mattiloo thedaalu ververu parimaanaalu mariyu vaividhyaalanu utpatti chesinappatiki, santanotpattini sahinchaledu, mariyu (vibhina) kutumbaalu ennadoo udbhavinchaledu.
dystopian vyavasaayampai oka corporate watch nivedika journal off diary sains nundi 2004 adhyayanam udaharinchindi, 1990loe sumaru 50 saatamtoe poliste, 96 nundi 98 saatam UK holsteinlu kontavaraku santanotpatti cheyabaddaayani gurtinchindi. saadhaaranamgaa UKloe santanotpatti raetu 1990 nundi gananeeyamgaa perigindi.
united kingdom.
18va sataabdam varaku, british dheevulu dutch pasuvulanu digumati chesukunnayi, vaatini ingland mariyu skaatlaandlooni aneka jaatulaku aadhaaramgaa upayogistunnaayi. pramukha david loe namodu cheyabadina, "dutch jaathi mukhyamgaa holderness jillaalo, humberku uttaraana; yorkshire mydaanaala gundaa uttaraana sthaapinchabadindi. inglaandlooni atyuttama paadi pasuvulu..."1840loe vaari dutch muulam yokka pratyaekamaina jadalanu ippatikee nilupukundi.
tease praantamloo marinta uttaraana, raitulu netherlands mariyu german bhuubhaagaala nundi khandantara pasuvulanu digumati chesukunnaru. loe vrasinatluga, "eee prarambha digumatula yokka khachitamaina paridhi gurinchi manaku asampuurnamgaa samacharam undhi, conny avi sthaanika jaatipai goppa prabhavanni chuupaayani eee paristhiti nundi telustundi, misramam dwara erpadina jaatini dutch ledhaa holstein jaathi anie pilustaaru".
holstein-friesianlu netherlands, germany, belgium mariyu uttara france yokka vaayuvya praavinsula yokka goppa lothattu praantaalalo kanugonabaddaru. aaa samayamlo eee jaathi grate britainlo sthaapinchabadaledu, jersey ledhaa gernsey dveepaalalo upayoginchabadaledu, ivi dveepaala paeru pettabadina tama sonta pratyeka pasuvulanu penchaayi. vaari chattalu khandam nundi digumatulanu santanotpatti prayojanaala kosam upayoginchadaanni nishedhinchaayi. rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata, eee dveepaalalooni pempakandaarulu yuddha samayamlo teevramgaa tagginchabadina vaari jaatulanu punaruddharinchaalsina avasaram erpadindi, daadaapu 200 jantuvulanu digumati chesukunnaru. kenadian pempakandaarulu eee jaatini sthaapinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki moodu samvatsarapu eddulanu bahumatigaa pampaaru.
british frisian pasuvula sanghaanni anusarinchi 1946loe grate britainlo swachchamaina holstein jaathi sanghaanni praarambhinchaaru. eee jaathi 1970la varaku nemmadigaa abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, aaa taruvaata daani prajaadaranaloo paeludu sambhavinchindi mariyu adanapu jantuvulanu digumati chesukunnaru. iteevala, rendu sanghaalu 1999loe holstein yukenu sthaapinchadaaniki vileenam ayyayi.
sankhyalu.
2005 april 1naa praadaesika ganaamkaala sthaayi 1 unitla naamakaranaaniki sambandhinchina recordulu UKlooni mottam 3.47 laksala paadi pasuvulalo 61 saatam holstein prabhavanni chuputunnayi
paina perkonna ganaamkaalu survey samayamlo pasportlu kaligi unna anni paadi jantuvulaku sambandhinchinavi, antey.ii. yuva stacklatho sahaa. defra UKloe kevalam 2 millionlaku paiga vayojana paadi pasuvulanu jabita chestundi.
nirvachanam.
eee sandarbhamlo, mariyu vaastavaaniki anni aadhunika charchalalo, holstein uttara america raktarekhalu nundi kanugonabadina jantuvulanu suuchistumdi, ayithe frisian sthaanika european nalupu mariyu telupu pasuvulanu suuchistumdi.
anubandha registerlo chaerchadaaniki pramaanaalu (i.ii. holstein yuke manda pustakamlo swachchamaina jaathi kaadu):
class eah anedi holstein ledhaa frisian jaathi yokka vilakshanhamaina pratinidhi kosam, rakam, parimaanam mariyu nirmaanam paramgaa, cross breeding yokka spashtamaina sankethaalu lekunda, ledhaa daani santanotpatti recordula nundi 50 saatam mariyu 74.9% holstein janyuvulu ledhaa frisian janyuvulanu kaligi unnatlu niroopinchabadindi. santanotpatti recordulu oka parent holstein-frisian, holstein ledhaa frisian kakunda vaerae jaatiki chendinavaarani choopisthe, atuvanti parent samajam gurtinchina paadi jaathi samajam yokka manda pustakamlo puurtigaa namodu cheyabadina swachchamaina jaathi jantuvu ayi undaali.
bii taragati anedi manda pustakamlo ledhaa anubandha registerlo namodu cheyabadina ledhaa dvandvamgaa namodu cheyabadina eddu mariyu anubandha registerlo eah ledhaa bii taragatilo namodu cheyabadina foundation aavu ledhaa gorrela nundi 75 saatam mariyu 87.4% holstein janyuvulu ledhaa frisian janyuvulanu kaligi unna dhooda kosam.
swachchamaina (holstein ledhaa frisian) manda pustakamlo chaerchadaaniki, anubandha register yokka bii taragatiloni aavu ledhaa pasuvu nundi oka gurram ledhaa eddula dhooda mariyu manda pustakam ledhaa anubandha registerlo namodu cheyabadina ledhaa dvandvamgaa namodu cheyabadina eddu, mariyu 87.5% ledhaa anthakante ekkuva holstein janyuvulu ledhaa frisian janyuvulanu kaligi unna daani namodu manda pustakamlo namodu cheyadaaniki arhulu.
utpatti.
eee jaathi prastutam samvatsaraaniki sagatuna 7,655 liitarla sagatunu kaligi undhi, 3 chanubalivvadam samayamlo, vamsapaaramparya jantuvulato sagatuna 8,125 liitarla sagatunu kaligi undhi. adanamgaa, jeevitakaala utpatti sumaru 26,000 liitarla undhi.
united states.
charitra.
airopa nundi nalupu mariyu telupu pasuvulu 1621 nundi 1664 varaku americaloki pravesapettabaddaayi. nyuu netherland yokka thoorpu bhaagam (aadhunika newyork mariyu connecticut), ikkada chaalaa mandhi dutch raitulu hudson mariyu mohawk nadhi loyala venta sthirapaddaaru. vaaru bahusha tama swasthalamaina swasthalamaina tamatho paatu pasuvulanu teesukuvacchi, kaalaneelo konugolu chesina pasuvulatoe vaatini daataaru. aaa taruvaata chaalaa samvatsaraalu ikkadi pasuvulanu dutch pasuvulu anie pilicheevaaru mariyu vaati paalinche lakshanaalaku prasiddhi chendaaru.
modati namodaina digumatulu 100 samvatsaraala taruvaata, aaru aavulu mariyu rendu eddulatoe kuudinavi. veetini 1795loe newyork loe pedda bhuubhaagaalanu kaligi unna halland land company vaari agent mister kuu pampindi. kazenovia yokka zaan linklane. oka sthiranivaasi vaatini ilaa varninchaadu, "aavulu eddula parimaanamlo undevi, vaati rangulu pedda macchalalo nalupu mariyu telupu rangulu spashtamgaa untaayi; chaalaa andamgaa untaayi".
1810loe, oka eddu mariyu rendu aavulanu aanam digumati chesukundi. vermont looni wethersfield looni thana polaniki vilium jarvis. 1825 samvatsaramlo, herman lae raay maroka digumati chesadu, andulo kontha bhaganni puttukatho vacchina nadhi loyaloki pampaaru. migilina vaatini newyork nagaraniki sameepamlo unchaaru. inca taruvaata, digumati delaverga cheyabadindi. eee pasuvula vaarasula gurinchi etuvanti recordulu unchabadaledu. vaari raktam sthaanika pasuvula raktamlo kalisipoyi poyindi.
eee jaathi yokka modati shaashwata parichayam gowravam yokka pattudala kaaranamgaa jarigindi. vintrope doubleu. masaachusetslooni belmantku chendina chenarii. athani modati rendu digumati chesukunna jantuvulu mariyu vaati santaanam, oka antu vyaadhi kaaranamgaa masaachusetslooni prabhutvanche naasanam cheyabaddaayi. athanu 1861loe moodava digumati chesadu. dheeni taruvaata 1867loe aanar digumati cheyabadindi. gerrit ess. newyorkloni peterboroku chendina miller, athani sodarudu dudley miller chae tayaaru cheyabadindi, athanu eldena (koniglich prusishe stats-und land vairthshaftliche academy juu griefswald und eldena; rendodi nedu modati praantam) looni pramukha vyavasaya paatasaalaku hajarayyadu, prussia, ikkada eee jaatini entho gowravinchevaaru. eee rendu digumatulu, hohn dwara. vilium eah. russell, off laurence, maas., mariyu thoorpu fries land nundi moodu jantuvulu, zen dwara digumati cheyabaddaayi. vilium ess. jaateeya sainika aasrayam tilton, togus, maine, holstein manda pustakam yokka kendrakaanni yerparustundi.
traina holstein jaatini 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo mainlooni merril vyavasaya kutumbam sthaapinchindi, dheenini "traina redstone marwell" (ledhaa "old traina") praarambhinchindi mariyu gray, mainlooni willsondale polamlo konasaagindi. united statesku digumati chesukunna modati aavulalo okadaaniki padahaaru taraala kritam trina gurtinchabadindi. nedu trina holstein santaanam muppai taraalu unnaayi.
sumaru 8,800 holsteinlu digumati chesukunna taruvaata, airopalo pasuvula vyaadhi vyaapinchindi mariyu digumati aagipoyindi.
19va sataabdam chivaralo, vamsapaaramparyaalanu namodu cheyadaaniki mariyu manda pustakaalanu nirvahinchadaaniki sanghaalanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki frisian pempakandaarulalo taginanta aasakti undedi. eee sanghaalu 1885loe vileenam ayyi, holstein-friesian association off americanu sthaapinchaayi. 1994loe, eee paerunu holstein association usa, ink gaa marcharu.
utpatti.
2008loe utpatti-pareeksha karyakramalalo namodu cheyabadina mariyu janyu madimpulaku arhata kaligina anni yuu. ess. holstein mandalaku sagatu vaastava utpatti paalu, butterfat mariyu samvatsaraaniki protein. mottam jeevitakaala utpaadakatanu aavula sagatu jeevitakaalam nundi oohinchavachhu. idhi iteevali samvatsaraalalo kramam tappakunda taggutuu undhi mariyu ippudu sumaru 2.75 chanubalivvadam undhi, idhi paina perkonna sagatu chanubalivvadam digubadini guninchinappudu paalu chuttoo istundi.
prastuta jaateeya holstein paala utpatti nayakudu burr-wall bucky giggy ex-94 3eee, idhi 365 rojullo palanu utpatti chesi, 2016loe thana rikaardunu puurti chesindi.
udaaharanaku, UKthoo poliste gananeeyamaina prayojanaanni aneka kaarakaala dwara vivarinchavacchuhu
janyusaastram.
gatha 50 samvatsaraalalo friesian santanotpatti yokka swarnayugam sambhavinchindi, iteevala pindam badilee paddhatula dwara baga sahaayapadindi, idhi eddulu unnata, eddula talli aavula santaana pareekshaloki pravesinchadaaniki bhaarii gunakaranni anumatinchindi.
frisian bull, "osborndale ivanho", bii. 1952loe, etthu, kooneeyata, manchi pottu aakruti, paadaalu mariyu kaalu aakrutini teesukuvacchindi, conny athani kumartelaku balam mariyu lothu lekapoyindi. ayana vaarasulu
cloning.
"starbuck (2) II", "prasiddha siac surr" "hanoverhill starbuck" "yokka clone, 7 september 2000naa seyint-hayasindhelo janminchindi". clone anedi siac, ell 'alayans bovitech ink, mariyu faculty dii university dii montrial yokka samyukta prayatnaala phalitam. clone cheyabadina dhooda starbuck puttina thedhee tarvaata 21 samvatsaraalu mariyu 5 nelala taruvaata mariyu athani maranam taruvaata kevalam 2 samvatsaraala kante takkuva samayamlo (17 september 1998) janminchindi. puttinapudu dhooda 54.2 kilola baruvu kaligi undi, saadhaarana ii ledhaa modalaina vaati nundi utpatti ayye dhoodala maadirigaane mukhyamaina sankethaalanu choopinchindi. "starbuck II" anedi stambhimpachesina fibroblast kanaala nundi udbhavinchindi, idhi "starbuck" maranaaniki oka nela mundu tirigi pondabadindi.
semex kootami "hartline titanic", "canyon-breeze allen", "ladino-park tolent" mariyu "bradel goldwyn" vanti itara eddulanu kooda clone chesindi.
janavari 2007loe UKloe jarigina oka bhaarii vivaadam tandri-koduku jattu maikhel mariyu olivar eetan (pedda, birmingham aadhaarita raathi utpatti vyaparam, bs eetan yajamaanulu kooda) yaajamaanyamloni cloning company smidihill mariyu humfreston polaanni kenadaaloni aavu nundi clone cheyabadina doodatho mudipettindi. patrika drushti nundi polaanni nirodhinchadaaniki vaaru prayatninchinappatikii, vaartaa kemeraalu dheenini desamloni aneka agra vaartaa kendraalalo breaking newsga prasaram chesaayi. appati nundi, yajamaanulu, aahaarapadaarthaalanu, patrika daadula nundi rakshinchadaaniki eee dhoodanu kindaku dinchinatlu pukaarlu vachayi.
british frisian pasuvulu.
indexing mariyu jeevitakaala laabhaala skorla dwara utpattini penchadamlo aasakti UKloe holstein blood linelalo bhaarii perugudalanu kaligi undagaa, saampradaaya british frisian pratipaadakulu vishayalanu aaa vidhamgaa chudaledu, mariyu eee pramaanaalanu nirvahinchadam nijamaina laabhadaayakatanu ledhaa frisian aavu utpattini pratibimbimchadu.
1950la nundi 1980la varaku unna aadhunika paristhitulu, takkuva paala dhara mariyu chaalaa mandhi raitulaku vistrutamaina, takkuva kharchutho kuudina vyavasthala avasaramtho, chivariki utpattidaarulu british frisian lakshanaalanu tirigi pariseelinchadaaniki kaaranamavutaayani frisian pempakandaarulu chebutunnaru.
eee jantuvu eee samvatsaraallo prapanchavyaaptamgaa aneka deshaalaku stock mariyu veeryam egumatulato yuke paadi aavula janabhalo aadhipatyam chelaayinchindi. dwandwa-prayojana" jantuvula aalochana nissandehamgaa paatadi ayinappatikee, vaastavam emitante, frisian aneka polaalaku, mukhyamgaa metha anedi vyavastha yokka pradhana lakshanam ayina chota, pramukhamgaa anukuulamgaa untundi.
friesianlu marinta balamaina kuurpu dwara ekkuva chanubaalivvadaaniki konasaagutaarani, tadwara tarugudala kharchulanu vyaapti chestaarani pratipaadakulu vaadistunnaaru. maga dhooda nundi vachhe aadaayam yokka adanapu prayojanam undhi, dheenini barley goddu maamsam vyavasthalalo (11 nelala nundi puurti cheyadam) ledhaa rendu samvatsaraalalo puurti cheyadaaniki teesukunna steerlalo, choukaina gaddi mariyu pacchika bayalla vyavasthalo unchavacchu. goddu maamsam jaatulaku anugunamgaa chaalaa gouravapradamaina gradelanu pondavacchu, tadwara polaniki adanapu aadaayaanni andistundi.
ituvanti vistrutamaina, takkuva kharchutho kuudina vyavasthalu manchi santanotpatti, kuntivaadini nirodhinchadam mariyu adhika protein saataaniki moggu chuupadam mariyu anduvalla, adhika paala dhara dwara pasuvaidya kharchulanu tagginchadaanni suuchimchavachchu. 800 kilola holstein 650 kilola friesian kante ekkuva rojuvaaree nirvahana shakti avasaranni kaligi untundi.
friesianlu kooda vaari rakanni holstein bays thoo polchadam dwara venukabadi unnaaru. shareera baruvu, protein saatam, deerghaayuvu mariyu dhooda viluva nirvahana amsaalanu pratibimbimchaelaa oka pratyeka "suuchika" nii ekkuvaku kuurparachaalani suuchimchaaru. jaateeya paala recordula ganaamkaalu aidava mariyu edava chanubalivvadam madhya atyadhika digubadini saadhinchinatlu suuchistunnaayi; alaa ayithe, idhi mukhyamgaa frisianlaku vartistundi, paripakva aavulaku ekkuva ettutoe, mariyu ekkuva chanubalivvadam varaku konasaagutundi. ayithe, utpatti suuchika modati aidu chanubalivvadalanu matrame parigananaloki teesukuntundi.
british friesian santanotpatti khachitamgaa aagaledu, mariyu adhyayanam chesina moolyaankanam dwara, rakanni kolpokunda digubadilo gananeeyamaina labhalu saadhinchabaddaayi.
charitra.
19va sataabdamloo, uttara halland yokka pacchani pacchika bayalla nundi ingland mariyu skaatlaandlooni thoorpu theera naukaasrayaalaku frisianlu digumati cheyabaddaaru, 1892loe, khandamlo sthaanika paadaalu mariyu noti vyaadhulaku vyatiraekamgaa mundu jaagratta charyaga, sajeeva pasuvula digumati nilipiveyabade varaku. vaaru chaalaa takkuva sankhyalo unnaaru, vaaru 1908 janabha lekkallo cherchabadaledu.
ayithe, 1909loe, eee society british holstein pasuvula sanghamgaa erpadindi, tvaralo dheenini british holstein friesian sanghamgaa mariyu 1918 natiki british friesian pasuvula sanghamgaa marcharu.
1900 naati "pasuvula patrika" "anoohyamgaa manchi" mariyu "asadhaaranamgaa takkuva sthaayi" dutch pasuvulanu suuchimchimdi. dutch aavuku marinta naanhyamaina pasugraasam avasaramani mariyu sulabhamgaa sheethaakaalamlo bayatiki teeyagalige konni aangla pasuvula kante ekkuva samrakshana avasaramani kooda bhaavinchaaru.
vyavasaya maandyam yugamlo, jaathi samajalu mukhyamgaa abhivruddhi chendaayi, saampradaaya british jaatula pasuvula kosam abhivruddhi cheyabadina viluvaina egumati vaanijyam. 1912 chivarilo, manda pustakam 1,000 mandhi magavaaru mariyu 6,000 mandhi aadavaarini gurtinchindi, eee jaathi modata ingland mariyu scatlandlo eee jaatiki punaadi vesindi. appati nundi 1921 varaku, grading up pravesapettabade varaku, pravesam vamsapaaramparyamgaa matrame undedi.
1914 adhikaarika digumati varaku itara frisian pasuvulu digumati kaaledu, veetilo prakhyaata paadi eddu seres 4497 eff yokka aneka mandhi vaarasulu unnaaru.aarr.ess. eee pasuvulu britainlo frisian nuu pramukha, deerghakaalika paadi jaatigaa sthaapinchadamlo vijayavantamayyaayi. eee paatra 1922loe dakshinaafrikaa nundi digumati chesukunna terling marthus mariyu terling colona dwara konasaagindi, ivi kooda 4497 seres vaarasulaku daggaragaa undevi.
1936loe netherlands nundi digumati chesukunna marinta dwandwa-prayojana jantuvunu pravesapettindi, dutch vaaru eee madhyakaalamlo seares line nundi dhooramgaa vellaaru.
1950 digumati munupati digumatula kante eee roeju jaatipai takkuva prabhavanni chooputundi, ayithe konni mandalalo vividha adema kumaarulu vijayavantamgaa upayoginchabaddaayi.
1990laloe jaateeya mandapai holstein prabhavam perige varaku, 1950laloe 80la varaku, frisianlu goppa vistarananu anubhavinchaaru; eee roeju prabalamgaa unna kathinamaina paadi parisrama vaataavaranamloo kontamandi vaanijya paadi raitulu prasninchina dhorani, metha saamarthyaanni puurtigaa upayoginchukovalasina avasaram undhi.
gaddi aadhaarita paala utpatti vyavasthalu unna deshaalaku frisian veeryam marosari egumati cheyabadutondi. aadhunika frisian pradhanamgaa metha jantuvu, idhi gatha 100 samvatsaraalugaa empika chesina santanotpatti dwara abhivruddhi cheyabadina lothattu mariyu ettaina gaddi bhoomulapai aneka chanubalivvadam meeda baga nilabadagaladu. eee jaatiki chendina konni atyuttama udaaharanalu 12 nundi 15 chanubalivvadalanu kaligi unnaayi, ivi vaati swaabhaavika sahaja santanotpattini nokki chebutaayi. demand kuu pratispandanagaa, eee jaathi antataa protein saataalu penchabaddaayi, mariyu manda protein sthaayilu 3.4% nundi 3.5% varaku undatam asaadhaaranam kaadu.
british frisian mottamodatagaa paala jaathi ayinappatikee, intlo utpatti cheyabadina aaharaala nundi naanhyamaina palanu adhika jeevitakaala digubadini istundi, santoshakaramaina yaadruchikam dwara, migulu maga jantuvulanu adhika naanhyata gala, sannani maamsam utpatidaarulugaa pariganistaaru, avi goddu maamsam jaatito cross cheyabadina ledhaa. goddu maamsam-cross pasuvula pempakandaarulu aadarsavantamaina kaul aavula pratyamnaayaalugaa chaalaa kaalamgaa korukunevaru.
1988loe holstein anae padaanni chaerchadaaniki samajam paerunu maarchavalasina avasaranni ardham chesukunnappatiki, british frisian autsaahikulu ippudu paeru nundi frisian anae padaanni tolaginchinanduku santoshamgaa laeru. eee jaathi 100 samvatsaraala charithratho, british frisian aavu thana viluvanu niroopistuunae undhi. eee lakshanaalanu korukune holstein pempakandaarulaku saadhaarana drudhatvam mariyu niroopitamaina santanotpatti aadarsavantamaina nalupu mariyu telupu siluvanu andistundi.
maga nalupu mariyu telupu dhoodala paaraveyadam media drushtini aakarshistune undhi, mariyu idhi viluvaina vanarulanu vrudhaa chesinatlu kanipistundi. british frisian yokka goppa balalalo okati maga dhooda yokka puurti mariyu grade saamarthyam, intensive systems loe ledhaa steers gaa, vistrutamgaa. dhanyam dharalalo nishedhaatmaka perugudala kaaranamgaa eee taruvaati vyavastha marinta prachuryam pondavacchu. british frisian yokka drudhatvam mariyu metha mariyu metha vyavasthalaku daani anukuulata andarikee telusu.
holsteinlatho poliste, friesianlu
pole chesina holsteins.
mottamodati pole cheyabadina holstein 1889loe united stateslo gurtinchabadindi. pole cheyabadina holsteinlu aadhipatya pole chesina janyuvunu kaligi untaayi, idhi vaatini sahajamgaa kommulu laenivigaa chestundi. pole chesina janyuvu chaaritraatmakamgaa holstein jaatilo chaalaa takkuva janyu tarachudanam kaligi undhi. ayithe, deharning abhyasam chuttoo unna janthu sankshema aandolanalato, pole chesina janyusaastrampai aasakti vaegamgaa perugutondi.
erupu mariyu telupu holsteinlu.
holsteinlalo nalupu rangunu bharti chese erupu rangu yokka vyakteekarana anedi tirogamana janyuvu yokka pani. yugmavikalpam 'bii' anedi aadhipatya nalupu mariyu tirogamana erupu kosam 'bii' anie bhaavisthe, jatha chesina janyuvulu 'bibi', 'bibi' ledhaa 'bibi' unna pasuvulu nalupu mariyu telupu, ayithe 'bibi' pasuvulu erupu mariyu telupu untaayi. 
charitra.
madhya airopa nundi "virigina" rangula pasuvulu nedarlaandsloki pravesinchaayani 13va sataabdapu munupati recordulu chuupistunnaayi. 1869 mariyu 1885 madhyakaalamlo samyukta rashtraallo chaalaa foundation stock digumati cheyabaddaayi. prarambha pempakandaarula brundam nalupu mariyu telupu kakunda yea rangu jantuvulanu manda pustakamlo angeekarinchabomani, mariyu eee jaatini holsteins anie pilustaarani teerpu ichindi. rangu kakunda naanhyata lakshyam kaavaalani, pasuvulanu holsteinlaku badulugaa "dutch" anie pilavaalani paerkontuu abhyantaraalu unnaayi.
prarambha digumatula nundi 1969 mariyu 1970loe kenadian mariyu american mandala pustakaalalo aamodinchabade varaku vanda samvatsaraala vyavadhilo koddi sankhyalo vahakalu matrame gurtinchabaddaayi. nalupu mariyu telupu tallidandrulaku erra dhoodalu janminchina prarambha vruttaamtaalu ennadoo namodu cheyabadaledu. unnata tallidandrulaku janminchina "reds" yokka konni kathalu kalakramena konasagutunnayi, endukante erra-vaahaka jantuvutho atyadhika (sameepa) sambandhaanni kaligi unna puurveekulanu lakshanaanni prasaram chesinatlugaa perkone dhorani undhi, ayithe konnisaarlu itara tallidandrula rekha adhi daatindi, ayinappatikee baadhyata vahinche puurveekulu aneka taraala kritam vamsapaaramparyamloki pravesinchi undavacchu.
1952loe, samyukta raashtraalloni oka krutrima garbhadhaarana (aii) unitlo oka surr erupu kotu rangunu kaligi undevaaru. aii unit eee paristhitini nivedinchi, daani vaarasatva vidhanam gurinchi pempakandaarulaku salaha ichinappatikii, aaa samvatsaram santanotpatti unit yokka holstein garbhadhaaranalalo daadaapu moodinta oka vanthu aaa erra-vaahaka edduku chendinavi. aaa samvatsaram, american aii unitlu 8250 namodaina santaanaanni kaligi unna 67 redd-phyaaktar eddulanu upayoginchaayi. ayinappatikee, rangu gurtinche niyamaalalo evaina maarpulu tiraskarinchabaddaayi.
redd und white diary pasuvula sangham (aarr. doubleu. dii. sii. yea) 1964loe samyukta rashtraalalo registry vidhaanaalanu praarambhinchindi. daani modati sabhyulu paalu ichhe shortarn pempakandaarulu, vaaru munupati samvatsaraallo vaaru pempakam chesina pasuvulaku konni erupu mariyu telupu holsteinlatho sahaa paadi registreeni korukunnaru. paalu pandinche shorthorn pempakandaarulu paala utpattini meruguparachadaaniki sambhaavya vyaktula kosam vetukutunnappudu, erupu mariyu telupu holsteinlu chitramloki vachayi, endukante rendu jaatulaku erupu rangu karakam okate. aarr. doubleu. dii. sii. yea "open hurd book" vidhananni avalambinchindi, mariyu erupu mariyu telupu holstein pradhana aatagadu ayyaru.
eee vidhamgaa holstein parisramaku anni vaipula nundi vacchina daanini nirmoolinche prayatnaalanu erupu lakshanam thattukogaligindi. erra dhoodanu champinappudu kooda, manda yajamani thana manda nundi aanakattanu tolaginchadaaniki arudugaa aemee cheyadam anivaryam, mariyu aameku maroka erra dhooda undadani matrame aasinchaadu. 1970laku mundu rendu deshaalalo janminchina aneka erra doodalanu, vaari unnata vamsapaaramparyaala angeekaaraanni kaapaadukune uddesyamto nissabdamgaa paaradrolaaru.
alaage, prati samvatsaram kenada nundi vaelaadi holsteinlu digumati cheyabaddaayi, mariyu chaalaa varaku vahakalu. 1964loe mariyu mallee 1965loe 14,000 kante ekkuva holsteinlu united statesku egumati cheyabaddaayi. idhi rendu deshaalu "erra prasna" paie charchistunna samayamlo jarigindi. united states erra lakshanaanni tolaginchadaaniki prayatnistunnappudu, kenadian digumatulu daani sambhaavyatanu tagginchadaaniki us prayatnaanni samatulyam chesaayi.
1940laloe kenada yokka number vann redd-carrier surr.bii.sii. pratibimbam saarvabhoumatvam. 1950luu mariyu 60laloe athani kumaarulu mariyu manavallu kenada antataa erra janyuvunu vyaapti chesi, united stateslo daani tarachudanaanni penchaaru. united stateslo erra mariyu tellani sairing chese maroe moodu pedda paerlu rosafe citation aarr, roland reflection savarin mariyu chambrick eah.bii.sii. kenadian holstein janyusaastramlo erra lakshanam takshaname andubaatulo undedi.
praarambhamlo, erupu rangunu mosukelle eddulanu tolaginche kenadian ii unitla vidhaanampai vimarsalu vachayi. aneka unnata eddulanu vadhinchaaru ledhaa egumati chesaaru. eee jaatilo errati tirogamanam teevrataram kakunda nirodhinchadaaniki kenadian vidhaanaaniki studlu maddatu istunnaru. erra karakam kaligi untundi" anae padabandhaanni vivaranalo cherchavalasi vachindi, niroopinchabadani erra karakam eddula adhika pracharam nirutsaahaparachabadindi. vaaru taruvaata telivaina pempakandaarulanu utpatti mariyu rakaniki atyuttama rujuvu unna edainaa erra-vaahaka sairnu upayoginchadaaniki anumatinche lakshyanni jodinchaaru.
yea eddulu erra vahakalu anie telusukovadaaniki ii praathamika maargam anie spashtamaindi. ii kii mundu, konni erra-vaahaka sairlu velikiteesaaru, endukante vaati seva okati ledhaa konni mandalaku parimitam cheyabadindi. atuvanti mandalaku tarachugaa vaahaka aadapillalu undavu, mariyu vaahaka aadatho jatacheyabadina vaahaka eddu erra dhoodanu utpatti chese avakaasam 25 saatam matrame undedi. erupu mariyu telupu dhoodanu padesthe, daanini tarachugaa daachi, manda nundi nissabdamgaa tolagistaaru.
1964loe netherlands hurd book society 71 saatam nalupu mariyu telupu frisianlu mariyu 28 saatam erupu mariyu swethajaatheeyulu vichchinnam ayyarani suuchimchimdi. erupu mariyu swethajaatheeyulanu angeekarinche manda pustakam appatike united stateslo sthaapinchabadindi. kenadian erupu mariyu swethajaatheeyula kosam oka pratyeka manda pustakam sthaapinchabadindi, dheeni taruvaata erupu mariyu swethajaatheeyulu pradhana kenadian (egumati) marketlaku aamodayogyamgaa maararu. ammakaala valayamlo kotta jaatipai aasaktini penchukovadam praarambhinchindi.
yuu. ess. holstein-frisian association mariyu daani sabhyatvam daani prarambha rojula nundi 1970 varaku namodu cheyabadina janabha nundi erra lakshanaanni tolaginchadaaniki shraddhaga panicheesaayi. ayithe, talupu terichina tarvaata, konni unnata mandalalo erupu mariyu telupu rangulu kanipinchadam praarambhinchaayi. manda pustakam teravadaaniki mundhe kenadian pempakam yokka uttamamainadaanni pondadaaniki hadavidi erupu doodalanu ennadoo chuudani chaalaa mandhi paadi kaarmikulaku teesukuvacchindi.
kenadian erupu mariyu swethajaatheeyulu 1969 juulai 1naa pratyaamnaaya registry dwara mandala pustakamlo namodu chesukovadaniki arhulu ayyaru. erupu mariyu telupu pratyayam-erupu mariyu nalupu mariyu telupu anarhamaina gurtulato-alt pratyayam thoo namodu cheyabadataayi. rendu samuuhaalu mariyu vaari santaanam pratyaamnaaya pustakamlo matrame jabita cheyabadataayi mariyu pratyayaalu paeruloe bhaagamgaa undaali. kenadian manda pustakaalalo, anni-alt mariyu-erupu jantuvulu registration number kramamlo saadhaarana manda pustakamlo jabita cheyabaddaayi mariyu vaati sankhyala mundu a thoo gurtinchabaddaayi. pratyaamnaayaalu paeruloe matrame vaerugaa undevi. registration number mundu unna 'eah' 1976loe nilipiveyabadindi mariyu '-alt' pratyayam 1980loe tolaginchabadindi, conny '-redd' konasaginchabadindi. juttu erupu nundi nalupu ranguloki maarina jantuvula namodunu idhi nishedhinchaledu. 
erupu mariyu telupu mariyu ranguleni jantuvula kosam pratyeka manda pustakam undakudadani yuu. ess. holstein association nirnayinchindi. - erupu mariyu-oc yokka pratyayaala upayogam jarugutundi, mariyu sankhyalu varusaga untaayi. modati erupu mariyu telupu holsteinlu vaati sankhyala mundu r thoo namodu cheyabaddaayi. erra registrationla prarambha samuuhamloo 212 mandhi purushulu mariyu 1191 mandhi mahilalu namodu cheyabaddaaru. kenadian mandala pustakamlo namodu cheyabadina erupu mariyu swethajaatheeyula sankhya 1969loe 281 mariyu 1970loe 243gaa undhi.
1974loe kenadian holstein jarnallo hanover-hill triple threat paie oka american breeders servies prakatana nijamaina erupu rangu kaani aneka rangu vaeriyantlaloo okadaanni perkondi. daani uniki nissandehamgaa rendu deshaalalo pempakandaarulalo saadhaarana ghnaanam, conny appati varaku, idhi mudranalo prastaavinchabadaledu. dhoodalu erupu mariyu telupu rangulo putti, namodu cheyabaddaayi, conny modati aaru nelala vayassulo nalupu ledhaa ekkuvagaa nalupu ranguloki marai, venukavaipu, moothi chuttoo mariyu pole vadda konni errati ventrukalatho. roebrook telstar chetha surd cheyabadina doodalalo eee paristhiti kanipinchinanduna, hair coat rangu maarpunu nalupu/erupu mariyu konnisaarlu telstar/erupu anie pilustaaru. telstar triple muppu yokka surr, conny dheeni gurinchi ippativaraku telstar gurinchi aemee prachurinchabadaledu, appatiki idhi 10 samvatsaraalaku paiga undhi.
nalupu/erupu rangulu vikrayinchinappudu tarachugaa vivakshaku gurayyevi mariyu erupu mariyu telupu-praayojita pradarsanala nundi nishedhinchabadevi. 1984loe, holstein kenada ellappuduu kevalam erra vahakaalugaa code cheyabadina bii/aarr eddulanu tirigi code cheyadaanni pariganinchindi, idhi konugoludaarulandariki aamodayogyam kaani hodha. itara jaathi sanghaalato mariyu aii parisramatho tanikhi chesina tarvaata eee jaathi maaradaaniki angeekarinchindi. 1987loe, holstein kenada mariyu kenadian ii parisrama eddula kosam nalupu/erupu mariyu nijamaina erupu rangu namuunaalanu gurtinchadaaniki vaari coding vidhaanaalanu savarinchaayi. holstein kenada 1990loe paeruloe bhaagamgaa erupu pratyayaanni tolaginchindi, conny puttina thedhee mariyu itara sankethaalu vibhaagamlo bhaagamgaa daanini konasaaginchindi.

