
lemnoidae

lemnoidae anedi duckweeds, water pappudhanyalu ledhaa water lenslu anie piluvabade pushpinche jala mokkala upakutumbam. avi manchineeru mariyu chittadi neelala sthiramaina ledhaa nemmadigaa kadile sareeraala uparitalampai ledhaa krinda teelutaayi. bearoot anie kooda piluvabade ivi aram ledhaa auroid kutumbam (arasi) nundi udbhavinchaayi, kabatti tarachugaa arasi kutumbamlo upakutumbam lemnoidiga vargeekarinchabaddaayi. itara vargeekaranalu, mukhyamgaa iravayyava sataabdam mugimpuku mundu srushtinchabadinavi, vaatini lemnesiae anae pratyeka kutumbamgaa unchutaayi.
eee mokkalu saralamaina nirmaanaanni kaligi untaayi, spashtamaina kaandam ledhaa aakulu laevu. prati mokkalo ekkuva bhaagam oka chinna vyavastheekruta "thallus" ledhaa "frand" nirmaanam, konni kanaalu mandamgaa untaayi, tarachugaa gaali paaketlu (erenchaima) thoo adhi neeti uparitalampai ledhaa kinda theeluthuu undataaniki anumatistundi. jaatulanu batti, prati mokkaku muulaalu undakapovachhu ledhaa okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva saadhaarana muulaalu undavacchu.
punarutpatti ekkuvagaa alaingika molakettadam (vrukshajanya punarutpatti) dwara jarugutundi, idhi frand adugubhaagamlo chuttabadina merristem nundi sambhavistundi. appudappudu, rendu kesaraalu mariyu oka pucchitho kuudina moodu chinna "puvvulu" utpatti avtayi, dheeni dwara laingika punarutpatti jarugutundi. kondaru eee "puvvu" nuu sudanthium ledhaa taggina pushpinche pushpamgaa chuustaaru, indulo moodu puvvulu spashtamgaa aada ledhaa magavi mariyu ivi aresiloni spodics nundi udbhavinchaayi. eee mokkala munupati bandhuvula nundi gananeeyamaina parinaamaatmaka taggimpu kaaranamgaa duckweed pushpinche parinaamam aspashtamgaa undhi.
duckweed jaathi "wolfia" yokka puvvu telisina athi chinnadi, idhi kevalam 0.3 mimi podavu untundi. eee appudappudu punarutpatti dwara utpatti ayye pandu oka utrical, mariyu gaalini kaligi unna sanchilo vittanaalu utpatti cheyabadataayi, idhi theeluthuu undataaniki veelu kalpistundi.
sahaja vaataavaranamloo duckweed.
chittadi naela mokkalu, mukhyamgaa jala mokkala pampineeni prabhaavitam chese mukhyamaina karakallo okati poeshaka labhyata. duckweeds saaravantamaina, eutrophic paristhithulatho kooda mudipadi untaayi. avi neeti pakshulu mariyu chinna ksheeradaala dwara vyaapti chendutaayi, avi anukokunda vaati paadaalu mariyu sariiraalapai, alaage neetini kadilinchadam dwara ravana cheyabadataayi. sthiramaina pravahalu ledhaa pongiporlutunna neeti vanarulalo, mokkalu neeti kaaluvala krindiki teesukuvelataayi mariyu peddagaa vistarinchavu. konni pradaesaalaloo, vaataavarana namuunaalachae nadapabade chakriya namuunaa undhi, dheenilo takkuva neeti pravaaha kalalalo mokkalu baga vistaristaayi, taruvaata varshakaalaalu sambhavinchinappudu vaatini teesukellabadataayi.
duckweed neeti pakshulaku mukhyamaina adhika protein aahara vanaru. eee chinna mokkalu aneka jala jaatula veyinchadaaniki kavarnu andistaayi. eee mokkalanu eddula kappalu vanti cheruvu-neeti jaatulu mariyu neelirangu gillu vanti chepalu aasrayam kosam upayogistaayi. avi needanu kooda andistaayi mariyu tarachugaa vaatitho gandaragolaniki gurainappatikee, photoautotrophic algay yokka konni kaanti-utpatti perugudalanu tagginchagalavu.
maanava aahara pantagaa upayoginchandi.
aagneya aasiyaaloni lavos, thailand mariyu mayanmar vanti konni praantaalalo duckweednu paedha vyakti aaharamgaa viniyogistaaru. adanamgaa, dheenini ijrayello kooragayalaga kooda saagu chestaaru. idhi soybeans kante chadarapu meetaruku ekkuva proteinnu utpatti chestundi, kabatti konnisaarlu idhi gananeeyamaina sambhaavya aahara vanarugaa perkonabadutundi.
european marketlalo duckweednu enthavaraku pravesapettavacho konni praathamika parisoedhanalu eee aalochanapai viniyogadaarula abhyantaram takkuvagaa chuuputaayi. nassa yokka guhala maars project maars meeda aaharaanni pandinchadaaniki duckweednu agragamiga gurtinchindi.
aakramana jaatulu.
eee prayojanaallo konni unnappatikee, adhika poeshaka chittadi naela vaataavaranaalaloo duckweed vruddhi chendutundi kabatti, saampradayakamgaa poeshakaalu ledhaa oligotrophic takkuvagaa unna vaataavaranaalaloo paristhitulu adhika vistaranaku anukuulamgaa unnappudu mokkalanu visugu techhe jaatigaa chudavachu.
eee samasyaku oka udaaharana everglades, ekkuvagaa oligotrophic vaataavaranamloo sambhavistundi, adanapu rasayanalu (eruvulatoe sahaa) tuphaanu pravaham ledhaa uparitala pravaham dwara daani jalamaargaalloki teesukuvellabadinappudu.
pattana pravaham mariyu vyavasaya kalushyam appudu chuttupakkala chittadi neelalu mariyu jalamargalalo perigina poeshakaala sthaayilanu pravesapettadam praarambhistaayi, idhi sthaanika paryaavaranaaniki antaraayam kaligistundi. eee paristhitulu duckweed vanti vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna jaatula dandayaatraku veelu kalpistaayi, ivi tamanu taamu sthaapinchukoevadaaniki, vyaapti chendadaaniki mariyu sagras vanti itara sthaanika jaatulanu sthaanabhramsham cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistaayi, mariyu kalakramena, sthaanika sagras mariyu sloe aavasala paryaavaranamloo vistrutamaina maarpulaku daariteestundi.
vargeekarana.
duckweeds chaalaa kaalamgaa vargeekarana rahasyamgaa unnaayi, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa vaati swantha kutumbam, lemnesiyegaa pariganhinchabadutunnaayi. avi pradhanamgaa alaingikamgaa punarutpatti chestaayi. puvvulu unte, avi chinnaviga untaayi. muulaalu chaalaa taggutaayi ledhaa puurtigaa undavu. avi 1876 natiki aareseeki sambandhinchinavigaa anumaninchabaddayi, conny molecular phylogeny vachhe varaku, eee parikalpananu pareekshinchadam kashtam.
1995 nundi, adhyayanalu aresilo vaari sthaanaanni nirdhaarinchadam praarambhinchaayi mariyu appati nundi, chaalaa mandhi vyavasthaavaadulu vaarini aaa kutumbamlo bhaagamgaa bhaavistaaru.
vaari kutumbamlo vaari sthaanam konchem takkuvagaa undhi; ayithe, iravai okatava sataabdapu aneka adhyayanalu vaarini krinda chuupina sthithilo unchaayi. avi maroka jala mokka ayina "pistia" anae oke kutumbamlo unnappatikee, vatiki daggari sambandham ledhu.
duckweeds yokka jaatulu "spirodela", "landoltia", "lemna", "volfiella" mariyu "wolfia".
duckweed janyuvu parimaanaalu padhi retlu paridhini (150 ~ 1,500 emby) kaligi untaayi, ivi dvigunitaalanu acta ploydlaku suuchistaayi. spirodela" yokka puurveekula jaathi athi chinna janyuvu parimaanaanni kaligi undhi (150 emby, "arabidopsis thaliana" maadirigaane), ayithe atyanta utpannamaina jaathi "wolfia", atipedda janyuvu parimaanam (1,500 emby) kaligina mokkalanu kaligi undhi. dna sequencing prakaram "volfiella" mariyu "wolfia" itarulakanna chaalaa daggari sambandham kaligi unnaayi. "spirodela" vargeekarana yokka besal sthaanam vadda undhi, taruvaata "lemna", "volfiella" mariyu "wolfia", idhi atyanta udbhavinchindi.
vividha duckweed janyuvulanu gurtinchadaaniki, barcode off life kosam consortium pratipaadinchina edu plaastid-markerla aadhaaramgaa dna aadhaarita molecular identification system abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. duckweeds yokka jaatula sthaayi gurtimpu kosam "eah. tii. pii. eff-attaf" naan-coding spacer saarvatrika dii. enn. eah barcoding markerga empika cheyabadindi.
shilaja rikaardu.
antarinchipoyina swechchagaa teliade jala mokkalu mariyu lemnoiditho anubandham unna puppodi modata shilaja recordulo chivari critatius (mastrictian) samayamlo kanipistaayi, dheeniki patagonia, argentine mariyu lemnoid puppodi jaathi "pandanidites" nundi "aquafillum auriculatum" gaa varninchabadina teliade aakulu sakshyam.
1885loe zaan vilium doxon chetha "lemna" ("spirodela") "skutata" gaa varninchabadina kenadaaloni dakshina suscotchevan yokka paleocene nundi verucheyabadina teliade aakula silaajaalu "limnobiophillum" gaa punahroopakalpana cheyabaddaayi. paschima uttara americatho paatu, thoorpu russia yokka paleocene mariyu check republic yokka miocene nundi "limnobiophillum" nivedinchabadindi. kenadaaloni albertaloni paleocene nundi asadhaaranamgaa puurti namuunaalu, 4 centimeters vyaasam varaku oke aakula nundi naalugu aakula varaku gulaabeelu varaku untaayi, veetilo konni stolanla dwara prakkane unna mokkalatho anusandhaninchabaddayi, veetilo konni "pandanidites" puppodini kaligi unna puulatoe puvvula avasheshaalanu kaligi unnaayi. lemnospermum" gaa varninchabadina lemnoid vittanaala sambhavaalu kooda nivedinchabaddaayi.
parisoedhana mariyu anuvartanaalu.
duckweeds yokka parisoedhana mariyu anuvartanaalanu rendu antarjaateeya samsthalu, antarjaateeya lemna association mariyu duckweeds parisoedhana mariyu anuvartanaalapai antarjaateeya steering kamitee prothsahistaayi.
juulai 2008loe, yuu.ess. department off energy (doow) joint genome institute, community sequencing programme, "spirodela polyriza" anae diggajam duckweed yokka janyuvu yokka sequencingku nidhulu samakuurustumdani prakatinchindi. idhi 2009loe doow kosam oka praadhaanyata project. eee parisoedhana kotta biomass mariyu bionergy kaaryakramaalanu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki uddesinchabadindi. phalitaalu fibravari 2014loe prachurinchabaddaayi. eee mokka vegavantamaina perugudala mariyu jala jeevanasailiki elaa anugunamgaa untundane daanipai avi antardrushtini andistaayi.
sambhaavya swachchamaina shakti vanaru.
duckweednu prapanchavyaaptamgaa parisoedhakulu swachchamaina saktiki saadhyamayye vanarugaa adhyayanam chestunnaru. yuu loe.ess.duckweed anedi kharchutho koodukunna, swachchamaina, punarutpaadaka indhanaaniki muulam avtunda anie nirnayinchadaaniki, duckweed adhyayanam chese amsamgaa undatame kakunda, rutgers vishwavidyaalayam mariyu uttara carolina rashtra vishwavidyaalayam rendoo konasagutunna prajectulanu kaligi unnaayi. duckweed jeeva indhanamgaa manchi abhyardhi endukante idhi vaegamgaa perugutundi, prati unitku mokkajonna kante aidu nundi aaru retlu ekkuva pindini utpatti chestundi mariyu global warmingku dohadam cheyadu. duckweed vaataavaranam nundi carbon dioxidenu tolagistundi, mariyu idhi vaataavarana maarpula upasamanaaniki viluvanu kaligi undavacchu.
kalushitaalu mariyu poeshakaala vadapotha.
mokkalu naatinatlayithe nitrate tolagimpunu andinchagalavu, mariyu duckweeds bioremedation prakriyaloo mukhyamainavi endukante avi vaegamgaa perugutaayi, adanapu khanija poeshakaalanu, mukhyamgaa natrajani mariyu phosphatelanu grahistaayi. eee kaaranaala valla, avi upayoginchani viluva kaligina neeti suddhi cheseviga pracharam cheyabadataayi.
abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalalo swiss federal institute pharr environmental sains und technologytho anubandhinchabadina swiss department off water und sanitation, aaharam mariyu vyavasaya viluvalatho paatu, duckweednu vyardhajala suddhi kosam vishanni sangrahinchadaaniki mariyu vaasana niyantrana kosam kooda upayoginchavacchani, mariyu pantakota samayamlo duckweed chapanu nirvahiste, tadwara swaadheenam chesukunna vishanni tolaginchadaaniki, idhi algay abhivruddhini nirodhistundi mariyu domala pempakaanni niyantristundi. adhe prachurana aneka duckweed-sambandhita amsaalaku sambandhinchina vistrutamaina suuchanala jaabitaanu andistundi.
eee mokkalu neeti samrakshanhalo kooda paatra pooshinchavachchu, endukante spashtamaina uparitalam unna adhe parimaanamlo unna neeti vanarula retutho polchinappudu duckweed cover neeti aavirini taggistundi.
sahajamgaa sambhavinche neeti vanarulu, nirminchina chittadi neelalu mariyu muruguneeti nundi bacteria, natrajani, phosphatelu mariyu itara poeshakaalu vanti kalushitaalanu samarthavantamgaa filter cheyadam dwara duckweed bioremediatorga kooda panichestundi.
mexicolo unna microtera anae startup, praivaetu yaajamaanyamloni ockwaculture faamlalo duckweednu swachchamaina neetila upayoginchadaaniki prayatninchindi. mokkalu chepala vyardhaala nundi utpatti ayye natrajani mariyu bhaaswaramnu eruvulugaa upayogistaayi, adhe samayamlo neeru perige koddi subhraparustaayi. aaa neetini ockwaculture raitulu tirigi upayoginchavacchu, mariyu 35-42% protein content unna duckweednu sthiramaina protein muulamgaa pandinchavacchu.