
marcus juuniyas nipsus

marcus juuniyas nipsus (ledhaa nipsus) rendava sataabdapu roman srungaara rachayita, ayana vividha ganita prasnalatho kooda vyavaharinchaaru. ayana manugadalo unna rachanalu cree. sha. 4va ledhaa 5va sataabdaalaloo bhuu surveying paie latin rachanala sankalanam ayina "corpus agrimensorum romanoram" loe bhadraparachabaddayi.
paeru mariyu prasaram.
corpus agrimensorum romanoram" loe oka rachana "insipit marsi yunee nipsi libber II felicitor" ("ikkada marcus juuniyas nips yokka rendava pustakam, baga praarambhamavutundi") anae padaalatoe parichayam cheyabadindi. duradrushtavasaattu, eee vyakti gurinchi daadaapu aemee teliyadu. thana rachanalo, athanu thana gurinchi etuvanti samacharam ivvadu mariyu athani gurinchi itara suuchanalu aevee manugadalo laevu. vachanam tarachugaa paatakudini neerugaa sambodhistundi, udhaa.zii. "cuum inn agro asaineto veneris" ("meeru ketaayinchina bhoomiki vachinappudu", "nipsius" laa "286.12) idhi aacharanaatmaka handbookga uddesinchabadindani mariyu idhi cree. sha. 2 va sataabdamloo vraayabadindani saadhaaranamgaa angeekarinchabadindi.
pani oka vicchinna sthithilo matrame prasaram cheyabadutundi. nipsiusku yea grandhaalanu aapaadinchaalane daanipai panditulu vibhedistunnaru. kondaru aayanaku aapaadinchabadina grandhaalu maroka srungaara rachayita ayina aganius arbikasku aapadinchabaddaayi, itarulu badulugaa adanapu grandhaalanu nipsiusku aapaadinchaaru. saadhaaranamgaa, carle latchman abhiprayam aamodinchabadindi, idhi eee krindi moodu grandhaalanu aayanaku aapaadistundih
eee rachanalu volfenbattelloni "codex arserianus" anae "corpus agrimensorum romanoram" yokka puraatana manuscript loe cherchabaddaayi. itara rachanalu iteevali vraatapratullo matrame kanipistaayi. jelle bouma modati rendu rachanalanu aangla anuvaadam mariyu samagra vivaranaatmaka gamanikalatho savarinchaaru.
pani chestundi.
fluminis vaividhyam.
itara odduku cherukolenappudu nadhi vedalpunu elaa kolavaalo nipsus vivaristundi (udhaa.zii., endukante oka shatru shakti daanini aakraminchindi). athanu maroka odduna oka podavaina chettu vanti spashtamaina mailuraayini vetukutunnadu. idhi ayana nirminche kudi koona tribhujaaniki oka muulanu yerparustundi. oka cathetus (chinna vaipu) mylurayi nundi surveyor sthaanam varaku sarala rekhalo velutundi. rendava cathetus nadhi odduku samaantaramgaa unna maargam venta surveyor sthaanam nundi teesukobadindi. eee maargam madhyalo, oka koliche parikaram ("ferramentum", "groma") unchabadutundi, mariyu tribhujam yokka hypotenues (podavaina vaipu) eee parikaram nundi nadiki avatali vaipuna unna mylurayi varaku velutundi. appudu surveyor rendava kudi koona tribhujaanni nirmistaadu, idhi modati tribhujaaniki samaanamaina parimaanam kaligi untundi. rendava tribhujam yokka hypotenues modati tribhujam yokka hypotenuesnu konasaagistundi mariyu bhoomipai oka gurtuto namodu cheyabadutundi. oka cathetis nadhi odduna unna maargam yokka konasagimpu, rendava cathetis lothattu praantaalaku velli, rendava tribhujam yokka oohaajanita bhaagamtho kalustundi. eee rendava cathetis podavu nadhi vedalpuku samanamga untundi. 
nadhi odduna podavaina maargam mariyu marking linelanu roopondinchaalsina avasaram unnanduna, eee paddhati chaalaa samayam teesukuntundi. cree. sha. modati sataabdam nundi telisina ganitasaastraparamgaa "adhunaatana" antaraaya siddhaantaanni vartimpajeyadaaniki etuvanti prayatnam cheyaledu. nadhi vedalpunu koliche panini surveyor balbus ("ca" 204.24), parishkaram ivvakunda, mariyu frontinus ("ca" 14.12) dwara kooda suuchistaaru.
parimitula punaravasam.
eee grandham yokka modati bhaagamlo (nipsus, "laa" 286.12-288.17), chaalaa kaalam kritam survey cheyabadina mariyu taruvaata marammatu cheyabadani praantamloo sarihaddu rekhalu aspashtamgaa mariyu raallu kolpoyina praantamloo oka surveyor sarihaddulu mariyu sarihaddu raallanu elaa punaruddharistaado nipsus vivaristundi. migilina konni sarihaddu raallanu upayoginchi, athanu raalla dhoranini upayoginchi sarihaddu rekhalanu vistarinchadaaniki prayatnistaadu. taruvaati bhaagamlo (nipsius, "laa" 288.18-289.17), vividha podavaina "parimitula" ("sarihaddu rekhalu") madhya bhoomi yokka plaatlu elaa erpadathaayo vivarinchabadindi. deerghachaturasraakaaramlo laeni plaatlanu utpatti cheyadam saadhyamavutundi. jatacheyabadina rekhaachitraalu paristhitini spashtam chestaayi. moodava bhaagamlo (nipsus, "laa" 289.18-295.15), nipsus bhoomini decumanus mariyu cardo aadhaaramgaa chadarapu platluga vibhajinchadaanni vivaristundi. athanu vividha pratyeka kesulanu pariseelinchi, survey prakriyaloo migili unna banjaru bhoomi yokka plaatlanu kooda vivaristaadu.
podismus.
euclidean jyaamiti mariyu valume unitla yokka konni praathamika nirvachanaala taruvaata, eee pani trikonamiti meeda drushti pedutundi. samacharam pradhanamgaa alegzandriaku chendina heero yokka "metrik" ledhaa "jyaamiti" nundi pondavacchu. ayithe, saaraamsaalu vicchinnamgaa untaayi mariyu aneka reduplicationlatho debbatinnaayi. heero pythagarian siddhaantam vanti antarleena ganita siddhaantaanni charchistundagaa, nipsus sankhyaaparamaina "recipealanu" matrame andistundi. mukhyamgaa, athanu pythagarian triples (moodu puurti sankhyala samiti, ivi kudi koona tribhujaalaku vaipula erpadataayi) nuu upayogistaadu. athi chinna cathetus podavutho edainaa besi mottam sankhyanu upayoginchi oka kudi koona tribhujaanni elaa nirminchavachho oka suutraanni pradarsinchadaaniki, athanu sahajamgaa 3-4-5 tripulnu upayogistaaduh
alegzander yokka heero 3-4-5 triple yokka adhe ganananu chikitsa chesaadu, conny athanu vaastava pythagarian siddhaantaanni istaduh
nipsus grandham pythagorus ledhaa euclid paerunu eppuduu prastaavinchaledu. nipsus gananalu takkuva aacharanaatmaka upayogaanni kaligi untaayi mariyu panditulaku ekkuva abhyasa vyayamalu. anduvalla, rendu pythagarian triples kosam, kaatheti, hypotinues mariyu praantam yokka mottam teliste, tadupari viluvalanu elaa nirnayinchavachho kooda nipsus lekkistundi.

