
operation bayatiki

operation avt vard anedi rendava prapancha yuddham yokka british dandayaatra, idhi germany mariyu german aakramita airopa meeda swechchagaa egurutunna beluunlatoe daadi chesindi. idhi hydrojantho nindina choukaina, saadhaarana beloonlanu upayoginchindi mariyu short circuitnu utpatti cheyadam dwara adhika voltage vidyut linelanu debbateeyadaaniki venukavaipu unna ukku teeganu mosukellindi, ledhaa polaalu, adavulu mariyu heath landlalo mantalu praarambhinchadaaniki mantalanu rekettinche parikaraalanu upayoginchindi. mottam 99,142 bahya beloonlu prayoginchabaddaayi; daadaapu sagam mantalanu mosukellevi mariyu sagam venuka vairlanu mosukellevi.
japan yokka baga telisina agni beluunlatoe poliste, bahya beloonlu mudivi. vaaru chaalaa takkuva dhooram prayaaninchaalsi vachindi, kabatti vaaru takkuva ettulo egaraaru, mariyu balastnu padaveyadam ledhaa ventoring lifting gyaas dwara ettunu niyantrinchadaaniki oka saadhaarana yantraangam matrame kaligi unnaaru. dheeni ardham beloonlu saamuhikamgaa utpatti cheyadam sulabham mariyu okkokkati 35 shillinglu (sumaru £ inchuku samanam) matrame kharchu avtayi. free flying beloon daadulu chaalaa vijayavantamayyaayi. anchanaa veyadam kashtam ayinappatikee, germanypai vaari aardhika prabhavam british prabhutvaaniki ayye kharchu kante chaalaa ekkuva.
charitra mariyu abhivruddhi.
oka barrage beloon anukokunda vadulugaa unte emi jarugutundane daanipai aandolana unnanduna, 1937loe british vaaru beloon mosukelle wire vidyut teegalanu kottadam valla kalige nashtampai adhyayanam chesaaru. 1940 praarambhamlo, barrage beloonlaku baadhyata vahinche samstha ayina air vais marshal beloon command, "yuddham praarambhamainappati nundi, [barrage] beloonlu tama mooringla nundi vidipoyina kaaranamgaa eee desamlo jarigina nashtaniki sambandhinchi vidyut pampineedaarula nundi naaku nirantaram firyadulu vachayi" anie vraasinappudu eee aandolanalu spashtamgaa bayatapaddayi. daaniki ayana jodinchaaru "anie annaru...satruvuku aatamkam kaliginchadaaniki mariyu asoukaryam kaliginchadaaniki dheeni prayojanaanni pondavacchu ". 
bambutho nindina beloonlanu france nundi prayoginchavacchani pratipaadinchabadindi. radeo tribhujamtho vaati sthaanaanni track chestaaru mariyu beloon viluvaina lakshyam meedugaa pravahinchinappudu radeo niyantrana dwara bambulu vidudala cheyabadataayi. eee pranaalika ennadoo amaluloki raaledu; "eee rakamaina daadulu cricket desham nundi udbhavinchakudadu" mariyu satruvu ilanti aayudhaalatho prateekaaram teerchukogaladane aandolana abhyantaraalalo unnaayi. france yuddhamlo otami british niyantrana nundi saadhyamaina prayoga pradaesaalanu tolaginchinappudu eee aalochana anavasaramaindi.
1940 septembaru raatri, oka galivana aneka british barrage beloonlanu virichi, vaatini uttara samudram meedugaa teesukuvellindi. sweeden mariyu denmarklalo, vaaru vidyut teegalanu debbateesaaru, railvelaku antaraayam kaliginchaaru mariyu swedish antarjaateeya radeo station kosam antennanu kuulchiveesaaru. aidu beloonlu finlandku cherukunnatlu nivedinchabadindi. 1940 septembaru 23naa british yuddha mantrivargaaniki nashtam mariyu gandaragolampai oka nivedika cherukundi. germanyki vyatiraekamgaa aayudhalugaa swechchagaa egurutunna beloonlanu upayoginchadaanni daryaaptu cheyaalani winston churchill aadesinchaaru. beloonlu asamarthamaina aayudhalugaa untaayani, chaalaa vanarulanu viniyogistaayani vimaana utpatti mantritva saakha bhaavinchinanduna, vaimanika mantritva saakha praarambhamlo pratikuula nivedikanu roopondinchindi.
naukaadalam eee aalochananu marinta utsaahamgaa sweekarinchindi. mukhyamgaa, boom defence director mariyu beloonlanu naera aayudhamgaa upayoginchadaanni pratipaadinchina kepten gerald banister eee vishayanni nokki chepparu. vaataavaranam satruvu prateekaaraaniki anukuulamgaa unde avakaasamtoe sahaa vaataavaranaparamaina parigananalanu jagrattagaa parisoedhimchi, chaalaa anukuulamgaa unnatlu kanugonnaru; paina unna gaalulu paschimam nundi thoorpuku veestaayi, tadwara germanlu ilanti beluunlatoe prateekaaram teerchukovadam kashtam.
beloonla dwara lagabadina sannani teegalatho adhika-voltage ovar head vidyut linelanu short cheyadam dwara germany vidyut pampinhee netvarknu debbatise avakaasam pratyeka aasaktini kaliginchindi. parisoedhanala phalitaalu anukuulamgaa undevi sthiramaina barrage beloonlanu teppinchadaaniki upayoginche daanikante chaalaa sannaga unde oka sannani ukku theega kooda, rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva dasalalo jaarutunna samparkamlo geesinappudu, circuit breaker teriche varaku aaa aark konasage varaku aark kaliginchagaladani trials choopinchaayi. konni sandarbhaallo, aark yokka vaedi aluminium bayati poralanu kariginchagaladu, aapai conductorla balopetam chese ukku kendra tantuvulanu kariginchagaladu. kebulnu kattirinchakapoyina, conductorlu balaheenapadataayi, tadwara vidyut demand peragadam ledhaa gaali, manchu mariyu manchu vanti saadhaarana vaataavarana sanghatanala kaaranamgaa avi virigipoye avakaasam untundi.
yuddhaaniki mundu germanylo bhoomiki vyatiraekamgaa rakshanagaa peterson kaayilnu upayoginchadam saadhaaranam anie parisoedhanalu velladinchaayi; eee design adhika voltage cable mariyu bhoomi madhya chinnadaaniki vyatiraekamgaa prabhaavavantamgaa undhi, conny vividha dasala madhya chinnadaaniki saapekshamgaa haani kaligistundi. dasala madhya chinnadi kevalam kebulku matrame kakunda transformerlu mariyu circuit breakerlaku kooda nashtam kaliginchavacchu. admiralty, ubbinappudu sumaru vyaasamlo migulu golaakaara rabbaru vaataavarana budagalu upayoginchi trials nirvahinchindi. trials aadhaaramgaa lekkalu neelapai egurutunnappudu beloon wire hye-voltage ovar head linetho taakadaaniki 10 saatam nundi 75 saatam madhya avakaasam untundani anchanaa vaesaayi.
beloonlu mantalanu kooda moyagalavu. germanyloni paine adavi mariyu heathlyaandloni pedda praantaalu graameena praantaalanu yaadruchchika daahaka daadiki gurayye avakaasam kalpinchaayi mariyu germanlu pedda sankhyalo prajalanu agnini paryavekshinche paniki niyaminchavalasi vastundani, bahusha vaarini marinta utpaadaka yuddha-pani nundi mallinchaalani bhaavinchaaru. beloonlanu chaalaa takkuva kharchutho utpatti cheyavachani naukaadalam nirdhaarinchindi; chaalaa mukhyamaina bhagalu ippatike migulu padaarthaalugaa unnaayi mariyu saampradaaya barrage beloonla avasaralu unnappatikee, beloonlanu nimpadaaniki hydrogen vayuvu pushkalamgaa undhi. beloonlanu takkuva sankhyalo british sibbandito upayoginchavacchu, vaaru takkuva pramaadaalanu edurkontaaru.
design.
upayoginchina beloonlu migulu vaataavarana beloonlu, veetilo naavikaadalam 100,000 nilvalanu kaligi undhi, annee jagrattagaa french chaaklo nilva cheyabaddaayi. eee migulu padaarthaanni upayoginchadam baahyamgaa operation yokka aacharanaatmakataku mukhyamainadi endukante avi tayaaru cheyabadina tellani rabbaru rabbaru takkuva sarafaraalo unna mukhyamaina yuddha samagri. beloonlu ubbinappudu vaati vyaasam sumaruga undedi. vaaru operation albino kosam abhivruddhi chesina roopakalpana aadhaaramgaa oka saadhaarana samaya mariyu niyantrana yantraamgaanni nirvahinchaaru-kontha pedda rabbaru budagalu vimaana vidhvamsaka aayudhalugaa upayoginche pranaalika. 
prayoginchinappudu, nemmadigaa mandey fuse veliginchabadindi; daani podavu german-niyantrita bhuubhaagaaniki cherukovadaniki anchanaa samayaniki kolamanabaddham cheyabadindi. modata, beloon vaegamgaa perigi, antargata taadu biginche varaku parimaanamlo vistarinchindi, kontha vaayuvunu vidudala cheyadam dwara antaku minchi ettulo marinta perugudalanu nirodhinchindi; hydrogen kramamga leak kavadam valla beloon nemmadigaa digadam praarambhistundi. kontakaalam tarvaata, nemmadigaa mandey fuse khanija chamuru dabbaalo oka bangnu vidudala chestundi; chamuru nemmadigaa bayataku kaarutunnappudu, beloon yokka payload telikavutundi, daani avarohananu nirodhistundi. beloon aayudhanni vidudala cheyadaaniki adhe nemmadigaa kalipoye fuse kooda upayoginchabadindi. wire", "biir", "jellie", "saaks", "nimmakaya" mariyu "jaam" anae aneka payload designlu niyaminchabaddaayi.
"wire".
bayati beloonlalo sagam "wire" paeloednu mosukellevi. wire" vishayamlo, nemmadigaa mandey fuse venuka wire pattukunna taadu dwara kaalipotundi. venuka wire sumaru vyaasam janapanara taadu kaligi undhi, idhi oka vicchinna balam kaligi untundi. janapanara taadu vyaasamtho (15 gaze) ukku theegatho jatacheyabadindi. venuka wire naela addamkulalo chikkukovadaniki pradhana kaaranam vairla chivara "springness" anie pareekshalu velladinchaayi; pratyeka nitaruga unna wire pondadam dwara dheenini parishkarinchaaru.
venuka wire moharinchina samayamlone, khanija chamuru dabbapai oka stopper vidudala cheyabadindi, tadwara idhi nemmadigaa bayataku jaaradam mariyu belunpai bharanni teelika cheyadam dwara ettunu nirvahinchadamlo sahaayapadutundi. beloon konchem pratikuula lift kaligi undaalani lekkinchabadindi, tadwara beloon takkuva podavu wire daani baruvunu naela dwara teesukune varaku digutundi. janapanara taadu yokka podavaina podavu beloon sumaru ettunu nirvahinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi, idhi beloon nischala gaalilo unde avakaasaanni taggistundi.
wire thokanu bhoomi antataa lagadam mariyu chivariki hye-voltage transmission line edurkovadam pranaalika. dasha-nundi-dasha short circuit praarambhinchabadutundi; trials samayamlo, wire dwara podavaina arcs praarambhinchabaddaayi. transmission line rakshana panicheyadaaniki mundu aark kontakaalam kaalipotundi; circuit breaker debbatine manchi avakaasam undhi mariyu arsing kaaranamgaa conductorlu kaalipovachhu. idhi line kuulipoevadaaniki kaaranamavutundi mariyu marammatu avasaram kaavacchu. transmission linelanu daadi nundi rakshinchadaaniki german prayatnaalu viphalamayyayi kotta rakam line conductor clamp ledhaa vividha ovar-current rakshana amarikalu yea upayogakaramaina prabhavanni chuupaleedu.
"biir," "jellie" "mariyu" "saaks". "
"biir", "jellie" mariyu "saaks" anevi daahaka parikaraalu ".
"biir" loe edu ledhaa enimidi sagam pint seesaalato kuudina vyaasangala sthuupaakaara lohapu container untundi. prati seesa sweeya-mandey bhaswaram (sip) grenade-indulo tellani bhaswaram, benzene, neeru mariyu mudi rabbaru patti, podavu, karigi oka poranu yerparustundi. nemmadigaa kaalutunna fuse kaaranamgaa alasyam ayina taruvaata, lohapu container teravabadindi mariyu daani kantentlanu bayataku padataniki anumatinchaaru. prati seesa meda chuttoo oka chinna lohapu sleeve undedi, adhi sumaru vyaasamlo unna bhaarii bantini pattukundi. banthi oka convas strip kii jodinchabadindi; idhi seesaalu padipoyinappudu avi saraina maargamlo padipoyela chesindi. sip grenadelu mukkalaithe aakasmikamgaa mandutaayi.
"jellie" anedi mantalu repe jellie dabbaalu. prati cuboid jelleeni kolichi kaligi untundi. oka vidudala yantraangam mariyu oka fuse andinchabadindi; dahanam chesinappudu sumaru vyaasaarthamtho oka fireball visphotanam chendindi.
"saaks" anevi podavaina sannani canvas sanchulu, veetilo okkokkati sumaru baruvutho unde mantalanu rekettinche padaarthaalu. saaks chekka unni thoo nindi, theegatho kattabadi, marige paraphine mainapulo nanabettabadi undevi. prati bahya beloon moodu saxlanu mosukellagaladu. bundle sumaruga kolichindi. padipoyinappudu, saaks oka chettu yokka kireetamlo pattukoodaaniki roopondinchina vii aakarapu saasejnu yerparustaayi. parikaram yokka prati chivara fyoojulu choppinchabaddaayi mariyu idhi prati chivara nundi 15 nimishala paatu kaalipotundi. 1941loe raayal naevii vadda ippatike 10,000 saaks luu unnaayi, avi kalisipoyi, upayoginchadaaniki siddhamgaa unnaayi, inca avasaramaina vidhamgaa munduku teesukuraagala maroe 20,000 mrutadehaalu unnaayi.
"nimmakaya" mariyu "jaam".
spashtamgaa code cheyabadina mariyu vivarinchina anni paeloedlu venuka wire ledhaa mantalu. "operation albino nundi migilipoyina "chinna pasupu bambulu" kooda upayoginchabaddaayi mariyu veetini eee sanketha padaalaloo okadaani dwara gurtinchinatlu telustondi. karapatraalanu vadaladaaniki marokati upayoginchabadi undavacchu-patraalalo karapatraala chukkala gurinchi appudappudu, aspashtamaina prastaavanalu unnaayi.
vistarana.
vaimanika mantritva saakhalooni pratyarthulu mariyu naukaadalamlooni pratipaadakula madhya sudeerghamaina adhikara poraataanantaram, british cheefs off staff 1941 septembarulo munduku sagaru, mariyu safolkloni felixstove sameepamlo unna raayal naevii theera sthaapana ayina hcms "behive" vadda oka prayoga sthalaanni erpaatu chesaaru. asalu beloon vidudalalu felixstove ferrie golph clublo jarigaayi. modati prayogaalu 1942 marchi 20naa jarigaayi. koddi rojullone, thoorpu prashyaalooni berlin mariyu tilsit sameepamlo adavi mantala gurinchi british vaariki nivedikalu andaayi.
beloonlanu prayoginchina sibbandilo aaru raayal naevii mariyu raayal merine adhikarulu, 80 raayal merainlu, 7 mahilaa raayal navika seva (wrns) adhikarulu mariyu 140 naan-commissioned wrnlu unnaaru. eee operationku raaf beloon command (hydrojannu sarafara chesi pampinhee chesedi) mariyu naavikaadala vaataavarana sevala sahayam kooda avasaram. trucku dwara prayoga sthalaaniki teesukuvacchina ottidi cylinderla nundi hydrojannu upayoginchi beloonlanu penchaaru. avi moodu vaipula gudaralu ledhaa wind breakla lopala penchabaddaayi. dravyolbanam samayamlo, rabbarunu neeti spretho tadigaa unchadam avasaram, beloon mariyu tent convas madhya gharshana hydrogen mandadaaniki kaaranamai undavacchu. ubbina beloonlu chethitho chedaragotte pradaesaaniki ravana cheyabaddaayi, akkada vaati payload jatacheyabadindi. 
beloon operations pramaadakaramainavi kaavacchu, mariyu beloonlu paeladam valla ledhaa mantalanu pelchadam valla kalige kaalina gayalaku prayoga sibbandiki aasupatri chikitsa avasaramayye aneka sandarbhaalu unnaayi. wrnlalo "flash-proof jackett & hood (1⁄2 maika & 1⁄2 mukham meeda chakkati raagi gajugudda) + chetulapai rakshana cream mariyu agni-nirodhaka nalla chethi todugulu" amarchabadi undevi.
bhadrata kaaranaala drishtya, felixstove prayoga sibbandini "boom-defence" unitga suuchimchaaru, idhi oka cover story, idhi vaataavarana paristhitulu beloon prayogaalaku sarainavi kanappudu jalaantargaami vyatiraeka valalanu nirvahinchadaaniki pani cheyabadinanduna paakshikamgaa nijam. felixstove golph club sait loe vimaana vidhvamsaka rakshana kosam aneka levis tupaakulu undevi, veetini nirvahinchadaaniki wrns mahilalaku sikshana ivvabadindi, appudappudu lakshya sadhana kosam beloonlanu vidudala chesevaaru.
prabhavalu.
operation yokka prabhavanni baahyamgaa anchanaa vaeyadaaniki british vaaru aasaktigaa unnaaru. german yodhulu beloonlanu kuulchivaeyadaaniki prayatnistunnatlu luftwaff communicationla antaraayaalu tvaralo choopinchaayi. idhi british vaarini prothsahinchindi, endukante german vaayu rakshanapai vedhimpula viluva matrame bahya aapareshannu samarthinchindani bhaavinchaaru, prati beloonnu tayaaru cheyadaaniki british vaaru kharchu chesina daanikante germanlu vimaanamlo indhanam mariyu chirigipovadam dwara naasanam cheyadaaniki ekkuva kharchu chesaaru. taruvaata, vidyut sarafaraaku nashtam mariyu adavulalo mariyu polaallo mantalu chelareginatlu nivedikalu vachayi. eee nivedikalalo ekkuva bhaagam denmark, france mariyu itara aakramita deshaalalo vaartaapatrika nivedikala nundi sekarinchabaddaayi, ikkada german adhikarulu british daadulanu ananukuulamaina konamlo chithreekarinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru.
yuddham taruvaata, venukavaipu unna wire daadulu vidyut sarafaraaku tarachugaa antaraayam kaliginchadam mariyu vidyut pampinhee netvarkku gananeeyamaina nashtam kaliginchadam valla germanlaku gananeeyamaina asoukaryam kaliginchaayani german recordulu velladinchaayi. 1946 nivedika prakaram, andubaatulo unna recordula aadhaaramgaa, £ 1,500,000 nashtam jarigindi (sumaru £ millionlaku samanam). russian joneku andubaatulo unna recordulu lekunda recordulu asampuurnamgaa unnanduna mariyu 1943 taruvaata anni recordulu takkuva nammadaginavi kavatam valla nashtam yokka vaastava mottam chaalaa ekkuvagaa undalsi untundani nivedika perkondi. germanlu takkuva voltage linelaku antaraayaalanu namodu cheyadaaniki prayatninchaaru, conny sanghatanalu chaalaa tarachugaa jarigaayi, recording raddu cheyabadindi. yuddha vimanalanu pampadamtho paatu, germanlu beloonlaku vyatiraekamgaa vimaana vidhvamsaka kaalpulanu upayoginchaaru, daadi oohinchinappudu konnisaarlu vidyut teegalanu moosivesi, adhika voltage networklapy circuit breakerlanu savarinchaaru.
juulai 1942loe, dover sameepamloni paatha antastula bay vadda rendava prayoga sthalam erpaatu cheyabadindi. 1942 juulai 12naa, lipesig sameepamlo wire mosukelle beloon 110 kevi vidyut teeganu taakindi. bolen vidyut kendram vadda circuit breakerlo vaiphalyam kaaranamgaa mantalu chelaregi station naasanam ayyindi; idhi baahyamgaa saadhinchina goppa vijayam.
mantalanu rekettinche daadula prabhavalanu anchanaa veyadam chaalaa kashtam, edainaa nirdishta agnipramaadam "bahya" ledhaa pramaadam, vidhvamsam ledhaa vimaanamlo padee mantala valla jariginda anie cheppadam kashtam. aakramita airopalo mudrinchina vaartaapatrikala nundi vacchina nivedikalato sahaa guudachaara vargaalu, konni mantalu khachitamgaa bahya kaaranamgaa sambhavinchaayani suuchimchaayi. 1944 janavari raatri, oka bayati beloon railwaypai vidyut deepaalanu tagalabettina taruvaata, sweedanlooni lahome vadda rendu raillu dheekonnappudu, tatastha deshaalalo baahyamgaa nashtam jarigindi. maarutunna gaalulu beloonlanu tirigi united kingdamku kooda visireyavachu. oka sandarbhamlo, oka beloon ipeswitch pattanaaniki vidyut sarafaraanu nilipivesindi.
operation mugimpu.
1942 augustulo, prayogaalu rojuku 1,000kii cherukunnayi, taruvaata moodu nundi naalugu gantala vyavadhilo 1,800 beloonla varaku daadulaku perigayi. beloonlu mitraraajyaala bomberlanu debbateestaayani bhayapadinanduna germanypai pedda vaimanika daadulu jariginappudu vaatini tarachugaa nilipivesinappatiki, beloon prayogaalu konasagayi. 1944 mae nundi anubandha vimaana karyakalapalu peragadam valla vyuuhaalanu maarchaalani nirnayinchaaru. saamuuhika beloon prayogaalu nilipiveyabaddaayi mariyu pagatipuuta padhi nimishala vyavadhilo moodu pradaesaala nundi prayoginchina beloonla "trickel" thoo bharti cheyabaddaayi. 
beloonlalo kevalam 2 saatam matrame venuka wire rakaniki chendinavi. trickle vyavastha" anubandha vimaanaalaku gananeeyamaina muppuga bhavinchabadaledu, kabatti idhi nirantaraayamgaa konasaagutundi. trickle vyavastha prayoga sthalaala yokka hydrogen sarafara avasaralanu saralikrutam chesindi mariyu german vii-1 flying bambulaku vyatiraekamgaa mariyu normandy landinglaku operationlaku avasaramaina ravana vahanalu mariyu sampeedana gyaas cylinderlu vidudala chesindi. chivari beloonlu 1944 september 4naa prayoginchabaddaayi.