
bardadas

velsh rachayita ayina iolo morgaong sankalanam chesi raasina saahityam yokka pustakam barddas. puraatana velsh bardic mariyu druidic vedaantasaastram mariyu siddhaantaala praamaanikamaina sankalanamgaa dharinchina daani vishayalu ekkuvagaa iolo yokka aavishkarana. dheenini maranaanantaram zaan villiams velsh manuscripts society kosam 1862 mariyu 1874loe rendu samputaalalo prachurinchaaru.
prachurana.
1826loe iolo morgaong maranam taruvaata, athani kumarudu tollycin villiams thana prachurinchani vraatapratulanu sekarinchi prachurinchadam gurinchi nirnayinchukunnadu. dheeni phalitamgaa 1848loe tollycin villiams oohinchani maranam taruvaata oka samvatsaram prachurinchabadina "dhi iolo papers" thoo sahaa moodu samputaalu prachurinchabaddaayi. tadanantaram, iyolo patraalanu benjamin mariyu augusta haall konugolu chesaaru, vaaru vaatini itara panditulaku andubaatulo unchaaru. zaan villiams, alias "abthel", eee pratipaadananu sweekarinchina modativaarilo okaru; athanu 1862 mariyu 1874loe kanipinchina velsh manuscripts society kosam ippudu "barddas" anie piluvabade rendu samputaalanu savarinchaadu.
content.
villiams "barddas" padaartham 16va sataabdapu puraatana livelin seon sankalanam chesina praamaanikamaina puraatana vraatapratulapai aadharapadi undani paerkonnaaru. nijaaniki, idhi dadapuga iolo sonta rachana, ledhaa aayanache ekkuvagaa savarinchabadindi.
valume i moodu vibhagaluga vibhajinchabadindi. modatidi, "chihnalu", pradhanamgaa "coelbren" gurinchi charchistundi, idhi iolo roopondinchina bardic varnamaala. rendavadi, "vedaantasaastram", atyanta mukhyamainadi. idhi ayolo yokka vistrutamaina tatvasaastram mariyu vishwodbhava saastraanni charchistundi, idhi puraatana bards yokka vaastava vishwaasa vyavastha anie ayana paerkonnaadu, ayinappatikee idhi nijamgaa ayolo yokka swantha saampradaayetara kraistava nammakalu mariyu velsh sampradaayam yokka vivarana yokka vaividhyata. eee vibhaagamlo punarjanma chakrampai prasna-samadhanam session roopamlo "catechism" untundi. idhi aann (atyalpa sthithi, huds ledhaa fairiland) nundi abread (probation state), gwynfide (perfect liberty) mariyu seagant (infinity) circles dwara "circles off beeying" gurinchi charchistundi. idhi praamaanikamaina velsh triads nundi udbhavinchina aneka "triads" nuu kooda kaligi undhi; panditudu rachel bromwitch prakaram, idhi triads yokka samskaranalu vistrutamgaa telisina ledhaa sekarinchabadataaniki chaalaa kaalam mundugaane ioloku praapyata undani suuchistumdi. moodava vibhagam, "ghnaanam", 16va-17va sataabdaala naati guudaachaari siddhaantaanni kaligi undhi, ayithe idhi praacheena druidic sampradaayam nundi kaadu. valume II villiams maranam samayamlo asampuurnamgaa migilipoyindi; idhi ekkuvagaa bards mariyu gorsdsku maargadarsaka pustakam.