nickel (united states naanem)

nickel anedi united states pudiinaa mudrinchina aidu saatam naanem. eee mukka cupronical (75 saatam raagi mariyu 25 saatam nickel) thoo koodi 1866 nundi jaarii cheyabadindi. dheeni vyaasam 0.835 angulaalu (21.21 mimi) mariyu mandam 0.077 angulaalu (1.95 mimi).
vendi sagam dabbu, aidu sentlaku samanam, 1792 nundi 1873 varaku neti copronical versionku mundu jaarii cheyabadindi. america antaryuddham aardhika ibbandulanu kaliginchindi, bangaaram mariyu vendini chelaamani nundi tarimikottindi; pratispandanagaa, takkuva viluva naanhelaku badulugaa, prabhutvam modata kaagitapu karenseeni jaarii chesindi. langkre, congress spensor emm tarvaata aidu saatam pakshika currency notunu raddu chesindi. currency beuro (nedu chekkadam mariyu mudrana beuro) adhipati ayina clark, viluva viluva kaligina notupai thana sonta chittaruvunu unchaadu. viluvaina loham lekunda rendu-sentlu mariyu moodu-sentlu mukkalanu vijayavantamgaa pravesapettina taruvaata, congress bays metaltho kuudina aidu-sentla mukkaku kooda adhikaram ichindi; pudiinaa pudiinaa eee versionnu kottadam praarambhinchindi. sheeled nickel yokka prarambha roopakalpana 1866 nundi 1883 varaku kottabadindi, taruvaata daani sthaanamlo liberty head nikelnu upayoginchaaru. american naanhela andaanni penche prayatnamlo bhaagamgaa ishtapadaledu gede nickel pravesapettabadindi.
janavari modatisaarigaa pravesapettina jefferson nikelgaa nickel daani aadhunika roopamlo mudrinchabadindi. 2004 mariyu koraru, levis mariyu clark dandayaatra yokka dvisataabdi gouravaartham pratyeka jefferson nickel namuunaalu jaarii cheyabaddaayi. cheyabaddaayi, pudiinaa jefferson nickel designer felix shlogg yokka asalu riverse (ledhaa "thokalu" vaipu) nuu upayoginchadaaniki tirigi vachindi, ayithe kotta mukhabhagam, jaamee franki dwara bharti cheyabadindi.
dravyolbanam kaaranamgaa, nickel konugolu shakti taggutune undhi, prastutam eee naanem samakhya ganta kaneesa vetanamlo 1 saatam kante takkuvagaa undhi. 2020 aardhika samvatsaramlo, nickel utpatti cheyadaaniki 7 sentla kante ekkuva kharchu avutundi; pudiinaa takkuva khareedaina lohalanu upayoginchadam dwara kharchunu tagginche avakaasaanni anveshistondi. anveshistondi, philadelphia mariyu denver tankasaalalo 1.26 biliyanlaku paiga nikellu utpatti cheyabaddaayi.
vendi sagam dabbu.
vendi sagam disme (sagam diam, adhe uchcharistaaru, modata piluvabadindi) 1792 pudiinaa chattam dwara suuchimchabadina viluvalalo okati; daani baruvu mariyu chakkadanam chattam dwara nirnayinchabaddaayi. samakhya adhikaram krinda modati mukkalu sagam diams, diams zaan harper yokka sellarlo kottabaddayi, oka rampam tayaareedaaru; modati samakhya pudiinaa philadelphialo inca nirmaanamloo unnanduna, idhi sthaanikamgaa aarava mariyu cherry veedhullo jarigindi. sagam diamlaku vendini adhyakshudu georg washington sarafara chesaarani, aaa bulian nundi mudrinchina 1,500 naanheelanu washington videsanga karyadarshi thamus jeffersonku us mariyu videshaalalo mukhyamaina vyaktulaku pampinhee cheyadaaniki icchaarani ardha sataabdam taruvaata gurthuchesukunna aadam eckfeld dies chekkaru. puraanaala prakaram, adhyakshudu washington naanhelaku bulian andinchadaaniki thana inti mount vernon nundi vendi saamaagrini sarafara chesaaru. 1792 chivaralo congressku thana vaarshika sandesamlo, washington oka pudiinaa bhavanam nirmaanaanni konasaagistunnatlu paerkontuu ilaa perkonnaduh "sagam daimla naanhela tayaareeloo kooda oka chinna prarambham undhi, chelaamanilo unna chinna naanhela korata vaatipai modati drushtini aakarshistundi."
postku, kottagaa sthaapinchabadina philadelphia pudiinaa sentlu mariyu sagam sentlanu kottadam praarambhinchindi. viluvaina lohapu naanhela tayari alasyam ayindi; congress prati postku postku bhaarii mottamlo bhadrata baandnu anchanaa vesevaaru mariyu pradhana naanhela tayaareedaarulaku avasaramaindi. avasaramaindi, congress pradhana naanhela tayaareedaarula bandhaanni tagginchindi, mariyu aaa sthaanaalaku adhyakshudu washington niyaminchinavaaru arhata saadhinchi, padavini chepattagaligaaru. aaa taruvaata, aaa samvatsaram vendi naanhela tayari praarambhamaindi.
1794 nundi 1805 varaku sagam dabbu modata mudrinchabadindi, ayithe edhee 1798,1799 ledhaa 1804 naatidi kaadu. 1804 natiki, vendi yuu. ess naanhelu bhaareega egumati cheyabaddaayi, endukante vaatini bhaarii spanish naanhelatho paschima indiisloo samanamga marpidi chesukovacchu, taruvaata veetini bulianga digumati chesi, kariginchadam mariyu tirigi nilabettadam kosam pudiinaa vadda jama cheyabaddaayi. dheeniki pratispandanagaa, pratispandanagaa america samyukta rashtraalu vendi dollarla dharanu tagginchadam maanesindi; 1805 nundi 1829 varaku sagam dabbu jaarii cheyadam nilipiveyabadindi. nilipiveyabadindi, pudiinaa director robbert patterson jefferson (appati adhyakshudu) kuu raasina oka lekhalo vivaristuu, "daadaapu mottam mana vendi bulian (pradhanamgaa spanish dollarlu) byaankula dwara vastundi, mariyu sagam dollarla kante takkuva naanem teesukoovadaaniki vaaru angeekarinchadam chaalaa arudu."
arudu." praarambhamai, vendi aidu sentla mukka mallee kottabadindi; penchaaru praarambhinchi, daani suukshmatanu. 8924 nundi. nundi penchaaru. penchaaru kooda, sagam diam yokka mukhabhagam roopakalpananu vilium mokali dwara okati nundi marcharu, idhi swechcha yokka vigrahanni varnistundi, idhi christian gobrect kuurchunna swechhanu kaligi undhi; undhi; daani raddu varaku, sagam diam eee roopakalpanalo maarpulanu kaligi untundi. untundi, pudiinaa moodu saatam mukkanu jaarii cheyadamtho idhi atichinna us vendi naanem kaadu.
nickel yokka jananam.
poura yuddham kaaranamgaa chaalaa american naanhelu chelaamani nundi adrusyamayyaayi, merchant tokenlu, chuttabadina tapala stampulu mariyu united states fractional currency vanti maargaala dwara nimpabadina antaram, moodu sentla kante takkuva viluvalalo jaarii cheyabadindi. jaatulu (bangaaram ledhaa vendi naanhelu) nilva cheyabadinappatiki ledhaa egumati cheyabadinappatiki, raagi-nickel sentu, appudu kottabadina ekaika bays metal viluva kooda adrusyamaindi. aamodinchindi, congress moodu-sentla notunu raddu cheyadam dwara mariyu takkuva antargata viluvalatho kaamsya sentlu mariyu rendu-sentla mukkalanu mudrinchadaaniki adhikaram ivvadam dwara naanheelanu punaruddharinche prakriyanu praarambhinchindi. eee kotta naanhelu praarambhamlo prachuryam pondaayi, ayithe rendu sentla naanhelu twaralone chelaamani nundi ksheeninchaayi. marchi 3,1865naa congress pudiinaa 75 saatam raagi mariyu 25 saatam nickel mukkalanu moodu saatam kottadaniki adhikaram ichhe chattanni aamodinchindi.
aamodinchindi congress moodava shreni pakshika currency notlaku adhikaram ichindi. aidu sentla notlo "clark" yokka chitrana undalsi undhi, conny anveshakudu vilium clark yokka chittaruvuto kakunda, spensor emm yokka chittaruvuto eee samasya bayataku vachinappudu congress digbhraantiki guraindi. clark, currency beuro adhipati. naanhela charitrakaarudu walter breen prakaram, congress yokka takshana kopamtho kuudina pratispandana aidu saatam viluvanu upasamharinchukune chattanni aamodinchadam, mariyu marokati samakhya naanhelu ledhaa currencipy yea sajeeva vyaktini chitreekarinchadaanni nishedhinchadam."treasury secretory salmon pii vyaktigata jokyam kaaranamgaa matrame clark thana udyogaanni konasaginchadu. vembadinchandi.
pudiinaa darsakudu james polak nickel kaligi unna naanheelanu kottadanni vyatiraekimchaaru, conny raagi-nickel moodu-sentla mukka prarambha vijayanni drushtilo unchukuni, athanu adhe lohalalo aidu-sentla mukkalanu kottadaniki nyaayavaadi ayyadu. langkre polak thana nivedikalo ilaa vraasaadu, "eee nickel misramam nundi, aidu sentla viluva kaligina naanem, idhi aidu sentla notuku prajaadarana pondina pratyaamnaayam, sulabhamgaa tayaaru cheyabadutundi... [aidu saatam naanem bays metaltho mudrinchabadaali] pratyeka chellimpulu tirigi praarambhamayye varaku matrame... shanti samayamlo... moodu sentla viluvaku minchina naanhelalo vendi sthaanamlo sthiramgaa unde takkuva sthaayi mishrama naanheelanu anumatinchakudadu."
paarisraamikavetta joseph warton united stateslo nickel miningpy daadaapu ekaswaamyaanni kaligi unnadu mariyu naanhelalo daani viniyogaanni prothsahinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu. ayana congresslo kooda atyanta prabhaavavantamaina vyakti. akkada athani snehitulu, rendu-saatam mukka kosam lohanni upayoginchadamlo viphalamainappatiki, bays-metal moodu-saatam naanhelatho marinta vijayavantamayyaaru. polak moodu saatam mukkala maadirigaane aidu saatam naanem yokka aidu saatam naanemnu aamodinche oka billunu siddham chesaadu, mottam baruvu 60 grainlaku (3.9 graa) minchakudadu. pratinidhula sabhalo kamitee dasalo, baruvunu savarinchaaru, spashtamgaa metrik vyavasthalo baruvunu aidu gramulaku samanamga cheyadaaniki, conny warton ekkuva nikelnu vikrayinchagalagadaaniki ekkuva avakaasam undhi. idhi moodu saatam raagi-nickel naanhelatho poliste, mukha viluvalo $. 0.1 baruvutho poliste kotta naanemnu bhaareega chesindi. 1866 mae 16naa billu charcha lekunda aamodinchabadindi. kotta raagi-nickel naanem oka dollar varaku chattabaddhamaina dhara mariyu sagam saatam, saatam mariyu rendu saatam minaha united states naanheniki badulugaa treasury dwara chellinchabadutundi. idhi byaanku notla kosam $100 loe tirigi pondagaligedi. padhi sentla kante takkuva viluva kaligina pakshika karenseeni upasamharinchukunnaaru.
sheeled nickel (1866-1883).
kotta aidu saatam naanem aamodam kosam, pudiinaa yokka pradhana chekkadam james bii. langkre, langkre namuunaalu mariyu namuunaa naanheelanu siddham cheyadam praarambhinchindi. maraninchina adhyakshulu georg washington (washington nickel chudandi) mariyu abraham linkan choopinche mukkalanu tiraskarinchina taruvaata, treasury secretory hyoog makkuloch langkre yokka rendu-sentla mukkanu pooli unde designu nirnayinchukunnadu, mundu bhaagamlo oka kavacham mariyu venuka bhaagamlo nakshatraalu mariyu kiranaalatoe chuttabadi 5 sankhyalu unnaayi. dheenini sheeled nickel anie pilustaaru.
kotta naanheelanu tayaaru cheyadam kashtamgaa maarindi; palaka yokka kaatinyam kaaranamgaa, naanhelu adhika naanhyata kaligi laevu mariyu kottukune naanhela jeevitakaalam swalpamgaa undedi. eee roopakalpana vistrutamgaa vimarsinchabadindi; warton eee mundu bhaganni "siluvatoe kappabadina samadhi raayi mariyu edupu villolu velaadadeeyabadindani suuchistunnatlu varninchaadu."" "american journal off numismatics" "sheeled nikelnu" "telisina anni naanhelalo atyanta kurradi" "gaa abhivarninchindi". konni utpatti samasyalanu tolaginchaalane aasatoe aasatoe riverse design nundi kiranaalu tolaginchabaddaayi. roopakalpana maarpu janabhalo gandaragolaanni srushtinchindi-chaalaa mandhi oka roopakalpana ledhaa marokati nakileedani bhaavinchaaru-mariyu pudiinaa sheeled roopakalpananu puurtigaa vidichipettaalani kluptamgaa bhaavinchaaru. modati samvatsaraallo bhaarii utpatti taruvaata, 1869 chivari natiki, vaanijyam yokka avasaralanu teerchadaaniki taginanta nikellu debbatinnaayi; taruvaati samvatsaraallo takkuva nikellu srushtinchabaddaayi.
kotta naanhelu chattabaddhamaina tender parimitini daati vyaapaarula chetullo perukupoyevi, conny byaankulu vaatini garishtamgaa oka dollarku minchi aamodinchadaaniki niraakarinchaayi. dukaana yajamaanulu aaa naanheelanu brokerlaku tagginchavalasi vachindi. naanheelanu angeekarinchamani chattam dwara balavantam cheyabadina postmasterlu, adhikara saasanam prakaram, $100 loe tappa treasury vaatini depositluga angeekarinchadani kanugonnaru. kanugonnaru, congress $20 kante takkuva laeni chaalaa mottamlo samarpinchinappudu aparimita parimaanamlo nickels mariyu itara takkuva viluva kaligina naanheelanu tirigi pondadaaniki khazana anumatinche chattanni aamodinchadam dwara samasyanu tagginchindi. 1933 varaku, sheeled design aaa drushyam nundi aamodinchabadina chaalaa kaalam taruvaata, nikelnu parimiti lekunda chattabaddhamaina tenderga marcharu.
1873 naati naanhela chattam dwara eee shreni mugise varaku philadelphia mariyu shaan francisco pudiinaa rendintiloonuu sagam daimlu kottadam konasaagindi. raddu cheyabadinappatiki, vendi mukkalu paschimaana prasaram cheyadam konasaagindi, ikkada vendi ledhaa bangaaru naanhelaku praadhaanyata ivvabadindi, migilina 19va sataabdam antataa. merugaina aardhika paristhitulu, takkuva vendi dharalatho kalipi, sagam diamlatho sahaa pedda mottamlo nilva chesina vendi naanheelanu 1876 april nundi chelaamaniloki teesukuvacchaayi. 1876 chivarilo, sheeled nickel utpatti nilipiveyabadindi. 1877 ledhaa ledhaa collectorla kosam rujuvu namuunaalu tappa, yea sheeled nickels kottabadaledu. treasurylo pedda sankhyalo nickels nilva unnanduna, taruvaati konni samvatsaraallo chinna sankhyalo matrame debbatinnaayi; december 1881 varaku puurti sthaayi utpatti tirigi praarambhinchabadaledu.
liberty head ledhaa "vii" nickel (1883-1913).
1870la chivaralo nickels utpatti mandaginchadamtho, raagi-nickel moodu-sent mukka yokka kaneesa strickinglatho, warton pudiinaa vadda nickel vadakanni penchadaaniki prayatninchaadu. kaamsya sent pudiinaa utpattilo pradhana bhaganni suuchistumdi, mariyu 1857 nundi 1864 varaku unnatlugaa, eee mukkanu raagi-nickel thoo kottadaniki warton lobbying cheyadam praarambhinchindi. praarambhinchindi, eee lobbying philadelphia mint superintendent archibaldon loudon snodenku pudiinaa chekkina charless barbernu kotta sent, moodu sent mukka mariyu aidu sent mukka kosam ekareeti designlanu utpatti cheyamani aadesinchadaaniki daariteesindi. snoden kotta naanhelu puraanam mariyu theedheetho swechcha yokka talanu varninchaalani, nickel yokka venuka bhaagamlo godhuma, patthi mariyu mokkajonna pushpaguchhaanni "5" kosam roman sankhya "v" chuttoo kaligi undaalani, viluvanu suuchimchadaaniki. eee pratipaadana prakaram, nickel daani baruvunu nilupukuntundi, conny daani vyaasam penchabadutundi.
mangali avasaramaina namuunaalanu sakramamgaa tayaaru chesaadu. snoden chivariki kotta sentu ledhaa moodu sentu mukkaku vyatiraekamgaa nirnayinchukunnadu, conny mangali nikelpai panini konasaginchadu, parimaanam daaniki sardubaatu cheyabadindi. treasury karyadarshi charless zhe. saadhaarana aamodam kosam namuunaalanu washingtonku pampinappudu. ayithe, snoden aascharyakaramgaa, vaaru tiraskarinchabaddaaru. naanhela saasanaalanu sameekshinchina karyadarshi, chattalu "mangali daanini unchina pakka vaipu kakunda, venuka vaipu" kanipinchaalani grahinchaaru. mangali thana roopakalpananu tadanugunamgaa savarinchaadu, 1883 praarambhamlo naanem kottadaniki siddhamgaa undhi. ayithe, appatiki, 1883 naati sheeled nickels appatike roopondinchabaddaayi. proof sheeled mukkalu vaati arudaina kaaranamgaa nilva cheyabadakunda chusukovadaniki, pudiinaa adhikarulu vaati utpattini chaalaa nelala paatu konasaaginchadaaniki anumatinchaaru.
padam laeni kotta nickel", "aidu dollarla bangaaru mukkaku daggaragaa undani, vaaru nikelnu bangaaramtho plate chesthe, daanini aidu dollarlaku pampavacchani nerasthulu twaralone grahinchaaru. konni naanhelaku mosagaallu oka anchu kooda icchaaru, tadwara avi marinta bangaaru naanhela maadirigaa kanipistaayi. pudiinaa kotta naanhela utpattini nilipivesindi; sheeled nickels utpatti konasaagindi. mangali thana panini savarinchamani cheppabadindi, athanu chesinadi, itara design amsaalanu riverse diguvana "" anae padaaniki anugunamgaa maarchindi. savarinchina nickel juun 26,1883naa jaarii cheyabadindi, aaa rojuna sheeled nickel utpattini nilipivesaaru. treasury vibhagam vaatini tirigi pilavaalani bhaavinchi, avi arudugaa untaayani nammi, prajalu ventane "sentless" nikellanu nilva chesaaru.
liberty head nickel daani 30 samvatsaraala kaalamlo teevramgaa debbatindi, 1885-1886 loe aardhika tirogamanam samayamlo mariyu 1894 loe, chinna sankhyalo matrame debbatinnappudu tappa. tappa, congress moodu-saatam naanem utpattini nilipivesindi, raagi nikello aidu-saatam naanem matrame migilipoyindi. aaa samvatsaram, congress treasury kaaryadarsini united states naanhela puna iz roopakalpanaku adhikaram ivvadaaniki kooda anumatinchindi, okavela munupati roopakalpana kaneesam 25 samvatsaraalu kottabadi unte. nickel mariyu vendi dollar munupati traimasikam sataabdamloo punahroopakalpana cheyabadinappatiki, taruvaati chattamloni nibandhana vaatini takshana punahroopakalpanaku arhata kalpinchindi. kalpinchindi, prayogaatmaka, randhraala naanhelu pareekshinchabadina 1885 tarvaata modatisaarigaa namuunaa nikellanu mudrinchaaru; ayithe, punaraabhivruddhi jaragaledu.
vaanijyamlo nickel vruddhi.
aaharaanni vikrayinchadaaniki, vinodam kosam mariyu joodam kosam naanhelatho nadiche yantraalu yantraalu prachuryam pondaayi. atuvanti yantraalanu vyapaaraalalo upayoginchani naela sthalamlo unchavacchu, takkuva nirvahana avasaram mariyu yajamaanulaku dabbu teesukuraavacchu. 1898 nundi, naanhelatho nadiche yaantrika pianolu kooda prachuryam pondaayi. millula kotta company atuvanti parikaraala pramukha utpattidaarugaa undedi; 1906 natiki idhi yaantrikamgaa vaayinche violine nundi adrushtam cheppe parikaraala varaku yantraalanu utpatti chestondi. konni yantraalu sentlu ledhaa itara viluvalanu teesukunnappatiki, nickel eee yantraalaku empika chese naanem.
naanhelatho nadiche yantraalalo nickel vadakam valla vyaparamlo vacchina aavishkaranalalo automat okati, dheenilo poeshakulu oka naanem (praarambhamlo nickel, 1950la natiki adhika viluva kaliginadi avasaramaite) nuu oka yantraamgamloki choppinchadam, handlenu marchadam mariyu sandwitch ledhaa desertnu tolaginchadam dwara tamanu taamu upayoginchukuntaaru. eee restaurantlu modata germanylo sthaapinchabaddaayi, conny itara samsthalatho paatu, horn & hardart dwara united stateslo prachuryam pondaayi. naanem nundi daani paerunu teesukunna oka rakamaina vyaparam nickelodian cinema, ikkada oka nickel oka-reel laghu chitraala shrenini chuudataaniki pravesam pondindi, saadhaaranamgaa sumaru 12 nimishala podavu, idhi madhyahnam praarambhamainappati nundi ardharaatri varaku nirantaram nadichindi, poeshakulu tanaku nachinanta kaalam undataaniki swechchagaa untaaru. maroka viluva kaligina pennie aarkedku daani paerunu ichinappatikii, nikelnu saadhaaranamgaa akkada kooda upayoginchevaaru.
upayoginchevaaru mundu paaschaatya rashtraallo konni nikellu pampinhee cheyabaddaayi (akkadi prajalu vendi mariyu bangaaru naanheelanu ishtapadataaru); kotta liberty head designpy aasakti akkada nikella vadakam peragadaaniki daariteesindi. manchi aardhika paristhitulu mariyu naanhelatho nadiche parikaraalalo upayoginchadaaniki nickelsku adhika demand 1900 natiki eee mukka desavyaaptamgaa vyaapti chendadaaniki kaaranamaindi. aaa samvatsaram, mint director georg ii. nickels mariyu sentlaloki kottadaniki bays lohalanu konugolu cheyadaaniki pudiinaa ketaayimpunu panchi veyaalani roberts congressku pilupunicchaaru. aaa samayamlo, chattabaddhamaina aankshalu philadelphialo matrame sentlu mariyu nickels utpattini anumatinchaayi; itara tankasaalala vadda kottadaniki congress anumatinchaalani roberts chesina abhyardhana abhyardhana manjuru cheyabadindi. denver mariyu shaan francisco tankasaalalu cheppandi."juulai nickelsnu kottadam praarambhinchaayi.
1913 liberty head nickel arudainadi.
1912 taruvaata liberty head nickel sthaanamlo maarchabadindi, praarambhamlo aaa roopakalpanatho 1913 naati mukkalu unikilo unnayani etuvanti suuchana ledhu. 1919 decemberulo, oka naanem dealer, shamyul doubleu. braun, naanhela prachuranalalo prakatanalu icchi, 1913 liberty head nickels konugolu cheyadaaniki mundukochaadu. taruvaati augustulo, vaarshika american numismatic association (eah. enn. yea) samavesamlo atuvanti mukkanu kaligi braun kanipinchindi. 1913 kosam oka master dye tayaaru cheyabadindani, daanini pareekshinchadaaniki eee mukkalu paaraveyabaddaayani braun paerkonnaaru. adhi telinappudu, godhumarangu aidu naanheelanu kaligi undhi, vaatini athanu chivariki vikrayinchaadu. asaadhaarana colled chetilo padihenu samvatsaraalu gadipina taruvaata. ii.hetch.aarr. aakupaccha, prasiddha koota viluva, texas, area collector, naanhelu chivaraku chivaraku chedaragottabaddaayi. appati nundi, vatiki aneka mandhi yajamaanulu unnaaru. nedu, rendu bahiranga pradarsanalo unnaayi-washingtonloni smithsonian samsthalo mariyu kolarado springsloni anas manee museumlo, moodu private yajamanyamlo unnaayi. 1913 liberty head nickel yokka iteevali ammakam janavari viphalamainappatiki jarigindi, appudu oka vaelamloe $3,737,500 kuu vikrayinchabadindi.
1913 nickels elaa tayarayyayo anischitamgaa undhi. pudiinaa recordulu 1913 liberty head nickels utpattini choopinchaledu, mariyu edhee tayaaru cheyadaaniki adhikaram ivvabadaledu. dies mundugaane tayaaru chesi 1913la liberty head nickel naanhela kosam californiaku pampaaru, conny paatha designu muginchaalani 1912 decemberlo pudiinaa director roberts aadesaala meraku, vaatini philadelphiaku tirigi pampaaru. avi december 23 natiki andukoobaddaayi, mariyu janavari praarambhamlo daadaapu khachitamgaa kramam tappakunda naasanam cheyabaddaayi. braun philadelphia tankasaalalo udyogigaa unnadu (idhi 1963 varaku teliyakapoyinappatiki) mariyu aneka siddhaantaalu atanipai anumanalanu kendrikarinchayi.
gede ledhaa sthaanika american thala (1913-1938).
(1913-1938) adhyakshudu theodor roosvelt american naanhela kalaatmaka sthithipai thana asantruptini vyaktam chesaaru, vaatini andamgaa teerchididdadaaniki shilpi augustus seyint-goudensenu niyaminchaalani aasinchaaru. aasinchaaru thana maranaaniki mundu seyint-goudense oka kotta dega mariyu double eegilnu roopondinchaadu, idhi aaa samvatsaram chelaamaniloki pravesinchindi; sentu, quarter eegil mariyu haaph eegilnu itara kalaakaarulu punahroopakalpana chesi 1909 natiki chelaamaniloki vidudala chesaaru. aaa samvatsaram, mint director fraank leach kotta nickels kosam namuunaa naanheelanu tayaaru cheyamani mangalini aadesinchaadu. eee naanhelalo chaalaa varaku modati adhyakshudu georg washington kaligi unnaayi. ayithe, leach 1909 november 1naa padavi nundi nishkraminchinappudu eee project nilipiveyabadindi, daani sthaanamlo abram andrew niyaminchabaddaadu.
mae 4,1911naa, treasury secretory franklin mackweig kumarudu eems mackweig thana tandriki ilaa vraasaadu
mackweig lekha vacchina ventane, pudiinaa nickel kosam kotta designlanu koranunnatlu andrew prakatinchaaru. seyint-goudensku sahayakudiga unna shilpi james erley fraser pudiinaa vaddaku velli, vaegamgaa bhavanalu mariyu designlanu roopondinchaadu. andrew sthaanamlo kaaryaalayaaniki tirigi vacchina mint director georg roberts, praarambhamlo linkan kaligi unna designu ishtapaddaru, conny frazer tvaralo oka vaipu sthaanika american mariyu maroka vaipu baisan kaligi unna designu abhivruddhi chesaaru. karyadarshi mackweig ilaa vraasaaru, "athanu samarpinchina moodu rekhaachitraalalo memu bharatiyudi thala yokka rekhaachitraanni mariyu gede yokka rekhaachitraanni upayoginchaalanukuntunnaam anie cheppandi."juulai cheppandi."juulai, kotta nickel vaartalu bahirangamayyayi, naanhelatho nadiche yantra tayaareedaarulu samacharanni koraru. nakilee detectorla tayaareedaaru ayina hobbs tayari samstha yokka clarence hobbs, kotta nickel thana parikaraala dwara paas cheyabadadani bhayapaddaru. hobbs roopakalpanalo vividha maarpulanu demand chesaaru, dheeniki kalakarudu angeekarinchadaaniki ishtapadaledu.
ishtapadaledu hobbs company abhyantaraalanu teliyajeyadam konasaaginchindi. fibravari 3naa, roberts naanem loe taanu korukunna maarpula sudeergha jaabitaanu roberts kuu pampaaru, shilpi hobbs pratinidhulatho samavesaniki haajaru kavalsi vachindi. aidava teedeena, etuvanti oppandam lekunda mugisina samavesam taruvaata, fraser maakveeghku padhi paejeela lekhanu pampaadu, hobbs company thana samayanni vrudhaa chestondani firyadu chesaadu mariyu paristhitini muginchamani kaaryadarsiki vignapti chesaadu. fibravari 14naa washingtonloni thana karyalayamlo samavesam nirvahinchadaaniki karyadarshi mackweig angeekarinchaaru. hobbs korina maarpulu chesthe nickel elaa untundo choopinche namuunaalanu mangali siddham chesaadu. mackweig eee samavesanni nyaya vichaarana maadirigaane nirvahinchi, marusati roeju oka lekhanu jaarii chesaaru. itara yea samstha firyadu cheyaledani, hobbs yantraangam vistrutamgaa vikrayinchabadaledani, mariyu avasaramaina maarpulu-anchu chuttoo spashtamaina sthalam mariyu sthaanika american chempa emuka chadunu-kalaatmaka yogyatanu prabhaavitam chestayani karyadarshi paerkonnaaru. mackweig ilaa muginchaadu, "meeru dayachesi, kotta nickel naanhelatho munduku saagandi."
naanhelu adhikarikamga marchi 4,1913naa chelaamaniki vidudala cheyabaddaayi mariyu nijamaina american itivruttaalanu chithreekarinchinanduku twaragaa saanukuula vyakhyalanu pondaayi. edemaina, "dhi newyork times" oka sampaadakeeyamlo "kotta 'nickel' anedi vistrutamgaa prasarana kosam uddesinchina naanem elaa undakudado cheppadaniki oka adbhutamaina udaaharana" anie perkondi...[idhi] kottadi mariyu merisedigaa unnappudu chuudataaniki aahladakaramgaa undadu, mariyu paatadi mariyu nistejamgaa unnappudu heyamgaa untundi."dhi numismatist", marchi mariyu mae 1913 sampaadakeeyaalu, kotta naanenku oka vecchani sameekshanu icchaayi, sthaanika american thala parimaanamlo tagginchaalani mariyu baisan nuu venuka nundi tolaginchaalani suuchimchaayi.
kotta design kosam twaragaa virigipotundi. mangali pratipaadita savaranalu chesaadu, namuunaalanu pampina tarvaata frazer aamodinchindi. eee maarpulu puraanam "aidu sentlu" nuu vistarinchaayi mariyu baisan oka konda nundi chadunaina neelaku nilabade bhoomini marchai. jaateeya archives nundi naanhela charitrakaarudu david lange sankalanam chesina dayta prakaram, type II nickels (asalu type I thoo) anie piluvabade maarpula valla vaastavaaniki dye life taggindi. dharinche thedhee bahirgatam kavadam parishkarinchabadani samasya; nedu chaalaa gede nikellu teedeeni ksheeninchaayi.
janavari janavari, pudiinaa kotta nickel design kosam bahiranga pootiini prakatinchindi, mundu bhaagamlo prarambha adhyakshudu thamus jefferson mariyu venuka bhaagamlo jefferson illu, montiselloni pradarsinchadaaniki. chivari gede nickels 1938 eprillo denver pudiinaa vadda kottabaddayi, aaa samvatsaram vaatini kottina ekaika pudiinaa.
design mariyu paeru.
mundu bhaagamlo sthaanika american mariyu venuka bhaagamlo baisan kosam namuunaala gurtimpulu khachitamgaa teliyadu. sthaanika american oka nirdishta vyakti aadhaaramgaa kakunda oka rakamainadani frazer nokkichepparu, mariyu vividha sthaanika americanlanu namoonalugaa gurtinchaaru, ellappuduu sthiramgaa kaadu, veetilo inupa thoka, rendu chandrulu mariyu pedda chettu (kiova prajala) unnaayi. itara hakkudaaru kooda unnaaru, vaarilo atyanta pramukhudu zaan bigg tree, oka seneca, seneca thana maranam varaku "nickel indian" gaa anekasaarlu bahirangamgaa kanipinchaaru. venukavaipu unna jantuvu american baisan, nalla vajram anie fraser vivarinchaadu, athanu branks jantupradarsanasaalalo nivasinchaadani paerkonnaadu, mariyu branks jantupradarsanasaalalo aaa namuunaanu kevalam baisan gaa kooda varninchaadu. edemaina, nalla vajram branks jantupradarsanasaalalo eppuduu ledhu, badulugaa badulugaa jantuvunu vikrayinchi vadhinche varaku central park jantupradarsanasaalalo (rendu soukaryaalu newyork nagaramlo unnaayi) nivasinchaaru. nalla vajram yokka ippatikee unna mounted talapai kommula sthaanam nickel meeda baisan kante bhinnamgaa untundi.
daani prarambham nundi, eee naanemnu "gede nickel" anie pilicheevaaru, idhi baisanku saadhaarana paerunu pratibimbistumdi. atyadhika chalaamaniloo unna naanhela prachurana, "naanhela prapancham", dheenini bharatiya thala nickel anie pilustundi, ayithe r.ess. yoman yokka "redd book" dheenini "bharatiya thala ledhaa gede" gaa suuchistumdi.
jefferson nickel (1938-prastutam).
gede nickel 25 samvatsaraalu debbatinnappudu mariyu congress chattam lekunda bharti cheyagaliginappudu, pudiinaa daanini bharti cheyadaaniki twaragaa kadilindi. frazer design nedu naanhela saastravettalalo prachuryam pondinappatikee, janavari aaa hodaanu aasvaadinchaledu, mariyu eee nirnayampai prajala agraham ledhu. janavari janavari, pudiinaa kotta nickel design kosam bahiranga pootiini prakatinchindi, vijaetaku $1,000 bahumati labhistundi. jefferson jananam 1943 dvisataabdi samvatsaraanni oohinchi, pootiidaarulu athani chittaruvunu mundu bhaagamlo unchaali, mariyu athani inti montisello yokka chitrananu venuka bhaagamlo unchaali.
april 24naa, felix shlagnu vijaetagaa prakatinchaaru. athani roopakalpanalo 2004 varaku nickel meeda upayoginche jefferson chitrananu kaligi undhi, idhi shilpi zeane-antoin houdon maajee adhyakshudi vigrahaniki daggaragaa anugunamgaa undhi, idhi boston yokka museum off fine artslo kanipistundi. edemaina, eee namuunaa prasarana kosam kottabadina nikelku bhinnamgaa untundi, endukante idhi oka konam nundi montessello yokka veekshanhanu kaligi undhi, mariyu aksharaala shaili adhikaarulaku nachaledu; rendintinee maarchadaaniki shlogg avasaram. aparthalu ledhaa paryaveekshanha dwara, shlogg thana modati aksharaalanu roopakalpanalo cherchaledu; avi 1966 varaku jodinchabadaledu. utpatti october 3,1938naa praarambhamaindi; avi november 15naa chelaamaniloki vidudala cheyabaddaayi. samakaaleena vruttaamtaala prakaram, jefferson nickel modatlo nilva cheyabadindi, mariyu 1940 varaku idhi saadhaaranamgaa chelaamanilo kanipinchaledu.
rendava prapancha yuddhamlo united states pravesinchadamto, nickel oka klishtamaina yuddha padaarthamgaa maarindi, mariyu pudiinaa daani loha viniyogaanni tagginchadaaniki prayatninchindi. 1942 marchi 27naa congress 50 saatam raagi mariyu 50 saatam venditho chesina nikelku adhikaram ichindi, conny praja prayojanaala drishtya nishpattulanu maarchadaaniki ledhaa itara lohalanu jodinchadaaniki pudiinaaku adhikaram ichindi. pudiinaa yokka atipedda aandolana nikelnu upayoginchani misramaanni kanugonadam, conny vikraya yantraalalo nakilee detectorlanu santrupti parachadam. 56 saatam raagi, 35 saatam vendi, 9 saatam manganese misramam anukuulamgaa niroopinchabadindi, eee misramam 1942 aktobaru nundi nickelsga roopondinchadam praarambhinchindi. yuddham taruvaata vaatini kramabaddhikarinchadam mariyu upasamharinchukovadam sulabham cheyalane aasatoe, pudiinaa anni "waar nickels" nuu taakindi, montisello paina kanipinche pedda pudiinaa gurtuto. philadelphia kosam pudiinaa gurthu p anedi oka yuu paie pudiinaa gurthu modatisaarigaa kanipinchindi.ess. naanem. yuddhaaniki mundu kuurpu kuurpu tirigi vachindi; appati nundi kottabadina nikellannee 75 saatam raagi mariyu 25 saatam nikello unnaayi.
pettaru, jefferson chitram kinda, designer (efs) yokka modati aksharaalanu mundu bhaagamlo jodinchadaaniki roopakalpanalo oka chinna maarpu cheyabadindi. aaa maarpuku gurthugaa, modati aksharaalato kuudina 1966 nickels namuunaalanu mudrinchi aayanaku andajesaru. 1965 mariyu 1967 madhya yea pudiinaa vadda mudrinchina naanhelalo pudiinaa gurtulu laevu, ivi pudiinaa chalaamaniloo unna vendi naanhela sthaanamlo raagi-nikelnu unchinanduna tolaginchabaddaayi. 1968 nundi, pudiinaa gurtulu mallee upayoginchabaddaayi, mariyu nickel meeda jefferson yokka vigrahaniki kudi vaipuna, mundu diguva bhaagaaniki taralinchabaddaayi. 1971 nundi, shaan franciscolo prasarana kosam etuvanti nickels kottabadaledu-1878 nundi matrame rujuvugaa kottabadina modati nickel 1971-luu.
paschima disagaa prayaana smaaraka chihnalu (2004-2005).
pudiinaa united states dvisataabdam kosam circulating smaaraka naanheelanu mudrinchindi, quarters, sagam dollarlu mariyu 1975 mariyu 1976 loe kottina dollarlaku dwandwa teedeeni ichindi. kenada kenada thana praavinsulu mariyu bhuubhaagaalanu gouravistuu varusa quarterlanu vijayavantamgaa vidudala chesina taruvaata, pudiinaa american rashtraalanu gouravistuu varusa US quarterlanu jaarii cheyadaaniki congress anumati pondindi; avi avi vidudala cheyadam praarambhinchaayi. praarambhinchaayi, pudiinaa raboye levis mariyu clark dandayaatra yokka dvisataabdi gouravaartham nikelnu punahroopakalpana cheyadaanni pariganinchadam praarambhinchindi. pratinidhi eric contore (aarr-va) montessello (thana sonta raashtramlo unna) nikkal nundi saasvatamgaa taralinchabadatam chuudataaniki ishtapadaledu. phalitamgaa "2003 naati american 5-sentla naanhela roopakalpana konasagimpu chattam", adhyakshudu georg doubleu chetha chattamgaa santakam cheyabadindi. april 23,2003naa bush. daani nibandhanala prakaram, treasury secretory dandayaatra 200va vaarshikotsavam mariyu louisiana konugolu gouravaartham nickel yokka designlanu maarchavacchu, conny nikello mallee 2006 nundi jefferson mariyu montisello untaayi. congress mallee charya teesukokapothe, bhavishyat prati aidu sentla naanem jefferson mariyu montisello kaligi untundi.
pudiinaa phore rendu kotta riverse designlatho shlogg yokka mukhabhaganni upayoginchindi. pudiinaa shilpi-chekkina norman ii. jefferson kosam nemeth roopondinchina bharatiya shanti patakaanni modati kotta roopakalpanagaa marcharu, aaa taruvaata pudiinaa shilpi-chekkina all maletsky dandayaatralo upayoginchina keel boat yokka chitrananu roopondinchaaru. houdon yokka jefferson vigraham aadhaaramgaa shilpi jooe fitzgerald roopondinchina roopakalpanatho 2005 mukhabhagam aaa samvatsaramlo matrame debbatindi. mundu bhaagamlo" "puraanam" "swaatantrya prakatnanu roopondinchadamlo jefferson chetivraata nundi kanugonabadindi; aaa patramlo eee padam eppuduu pedda aksharaluga lenanduna, fitzgerald jefferson yokka itara rachanala nundi pedda aksharam l nuu sweekarinchaadu". samvatsaram modati ardhabhaagamlo riverse gede nikelnu gurthuchesukuntu, jaamee franky roopondinchina american baisan nuu chithreekarinchindi. rendava ardhabhaagamlo riverse teerapraantaanni mariyu "samudram kanapadutondi!" anae padaalanu choopinchindi. oo! aanandam!", yaatraku saha nayakudu ayina vilium clark raasina journal entry nundi. clark vaastavaaniki eee padaanni "osean" gaa vrasadu, conny pudiinaa aksharakramanni aadhuneekarinchindi.
maroka franki design, 2006 nundi, mundu vaipu kosam upayoginchabadindi, idhi rembrand peal 1800 adhyayanam aadhaaramgaa jefferson yokka veekshanhanu mundu nundi (profile kakunda) varnistundi, mariyu jefferson lipilo "liberty" nuu kaligi undhi. natana pudiinaa darsakudu david lebric prakaram, "munduku-mukham jefferson yokka chitram [athani] drushtiki tagina tagina praarambhamaina dheeniki viruddhamgaa mallee shlogg yokka montessello design, conny pudiinaa chekkinavaaru kottagaa padunu pettaru. pettaru athani modati aksharalu unchabadina shlogg yokka mundu design ikapai upayoginchabadaledu, athani modati aksharalu montiselloku kudi vaipuna venukavaipu unchabaddaayi.
loha viluvalalo perugudala.
21va sataabdam modati dasaabdamloo, aidu saatam naanem kaligina raagi mariyu nickel vastuvula dharalu natakeeyamgaa perigayi, nickel tayari kharchunu 2003 aardhika samvatsaramlo 3.46 sentla nundi 2012 aardhika samvatsaramlo 10.09 sentlaku nettivesindi. polchi choosthe, kenadian nickel (pradhanamgaa ukkutho tayaaru cheyabadinadi) utpatti cheyadaaniki daani mukha viluva kante 2019 natiki inca takkuva kharchu avutundi. pratispandanagaa, mint director henrietta phore phore naanhela lohalanu pradarsinchadaaniki takkuva dhara pratyaamnaayaalapai parisoedhanaku nidhulu samakuurchamani kaangresnu koraru. koraru aame padavini vidichipettinappudu eee chorava viphalamainappatiki, viphalamainappatiki congress naanhela aadhuneekarana, paryaveekshanha mariyu konasagimpu chattam (sii. emm. oo. sii) nuu aamodinchindi, aaru viluvala prastuta kuurpulaku pratyaamnaayaalanu anveshinchaalani pudiinaaku aadesaalu ichindi, sentu nundi dollar varaku. varaku, pudiinaa eee samasyanu adhyayanam cheyadaaniki pensylvanialoni johnstownloni ummadi technologies corporationku oka oppandaanni pradaanam chesindi. oka saatam naanem tayari vyayaanni oka saatam kante takkuvagaa tagginche amsaalu aevee levani, anduvalla daanini pariseelana nundi tolaginchinatlu aaa chattaniki pratispandanagaa nivedika prakatinchindi. prastuta naanhela lohala konasaagimpunu nirdhaaristuu, eee samasyanu adhyayanam cheyadaaniki adanapu samayanni nivedika abhyardhinchindi. vaanijyamlo nickels kosam demand 2011 aardhika samvatsaramlo avasaramaina 840 millionla nundi 2015 loe 1 billion dollarlaku perugutundani pudiinaa anchanaa vesindi.
intalo, pedda mottamlo prasarana nikellanu kariginchakundaa nivaarinche prayatnamlo, united states mint december 14,2006naa kotta madhyantara niyamaalanu pravesapettindi, idhi naanheelanu kariginchadam mariyu egumati cheyadaanni neeramgaa pariganinchindi (2013 natiki utpatti cheyadaaniki 1.83 sentlu kharchu avutundi) mariyu nikellu. eee nibandhanalanu ullanghinchina vaariki $10,000 varaku jarimana, aidella jailu siksha ledhaa rendoo vidhinchavachhu. 2007 april 17naa niyamaalu khararu cheyabaddaayi. kontakaalam nickel yokka karige viluva aidu sentla kante ekkuvagaa undhi, mae mae daani mukha viluva kante okatinnara retlu ekkuva. appati nundi, naanem yokka kuurpu lohala sarafara mariyu demand sthireekarinchabaddaayi. nickel yokka karige viluva 2008 chivari nundi 2010 madhya varaku daani mukha viluva kante padipoyindi, mariyu iteevala mallii 2012 madhya nundi. fibravari 2014 loe, pudiinaa nickel kosam raagi-puuta jink (united states 1 saatam naanem kosam upayoginchina adhe kuurpu) nuu upayoginchadaaniki prayogaalu nirvahistunnatlu nivedinchabadindi.
2014 decemberlo, sii. emm. oo. sii. kii pratispandanagaa pudiinaa thana tadupari dwaivaarshika nivedikanu vidudala chesindi. andulo, pudiinaa puuthathoo kuudina jink utpattulu aaviri/dustulu pareekshalaku nilabadavani mariyu yuu kosam tiraskarinchabaddaayani prakatinchindi.ess. pennie kakunda itara naanhelu. 5 saatam naanem kosam "saadhyamayyedi" gaa pariganinchabade padaarthaalu nickel-puuta ukku, bahula-pora-puuta ukku, mariyu maroka raagi/nickel misramam, esaari ~77% raagi, ~20% nickel mariyu ~ 3 saatam manganese. vikraya yantraalalo maarpulu avasaram laeni (ukku aadhaarita padaarthaalu avasaramayye vidhamgaa) takkuva khareedaina mishramaalanu anveshinchadaaniki marinta pareeksha sifaarsu cheyabadindi. marchi marchi, russia-ukrainian yuddham kaaranamgaa, nickel dharalu perigayi.
raddu pratipaadanalu.
daani takkuva viluva, mosukelladam mariyu lekkinchadam valla kalige asoukaryam mariyu daani viluva kante ekkuva kharchu avatam valla, vividha vyaakhyaatalu penneetho paatu nikelnu tolaginchaalani pratipaadinchaaru.

