mail

tapala ledhaa tapala anedi tapala kaardulu, uttaraalu mariyu potlaalanu bhouthikamgaa ravana chese vyavastha. tapala seva private ledhaa public kaavacchu, ayithe aneka prabhutvaalu private vyavasthalapai aankshalu vidhistaayi. 19va sataabdam madhyakaalam nundi, jaateeya tapala vyavasthalu saadhaaranamgaa prabhutva guttaadhipatyamgaa sthaapinchabaddaayi, mundugaa chellinchina vastuvupai rusumu vidhinchabadindi. chellimpu rujuvu saadhaaranamgaa antukune tapala stampu roopamlo untundi, conny peddamottamlo mail cheyadaaniki kooda tapala meetarnu upayogistaaru.
tapala adhikarulu tarachugaa lekhalanu ravana cheyadame kakunda vidhulu nirvahistaaru. konni deshaalalo, tapala, telegraph mariyu telephone (pititi) seva telephone mariyu telegraph vyavasthalatho paatu tapala vyavasthanu paryaveekshistundi. konni deshaala tapala vyavasthalu podupu khaataalanu anumatistaayi mariyu pasportla kosam darakhaastulanu nirvahistaayi.
nirvahistaayi sthaapinchabadina universal postal union (yuu. pii. yuu) loe 192 sabhya deshaalu unnaayi mariyu aikyaraajyasamiti yokka pratyeka agencyga antarjaateeya mail marpidi kosam niyamaalanu nirdesistundi.
vyutpatti.
mail" anae padam madhya aangla padam nundi vachindi, idhi prayaana sanchi ledhaa pyaaknu suuchistumdi. idhi 17va sataabdam varaku aaa paddhatiloo vraayabadindi mariyu maga anae padaaniki bhinnamgaa untundi. frenchlo trunk ledhaa pedda pette kosam idhe vidhamaina padam undhi, idhi sanchi kosam airish padam. 17va sataabdamloo, "mail" anae padam aksharaalato nindina sanchini soochinche padamgaa kanipinchadam praarambhinchindih "sanchi aksharaalato nindi undhi" (1654). taruvaati vanda samvatsaraalalo "mail" anae padam aksharalaku mariyu sanchiki "mail byaag" gaa khachitamgaa vartinchadam praarambhinchindi. 19va sataabdamloo, british vaaru saadhaaranamgaa vidaesaalaku pampabadutunna lekhalanu suuchimchadaaniki "mail" nuu upayoginchaaru (antey.ii. desheeya pampinhee kosam lekhalanu suuchimchadaaniki oodaloo) mariyu "post". post" anae padam paatha french nundi udbhavinchindi, idhi chivariki latin kriya "" padukodam ledhaa unchadam "yokka gatha bhaagam nundi udbhavinchindi". kabatti U loe.keey.uttara americalo yuu. ess. rendoo undagaa, raayal mail "post" nuu andistundi.ess. tapala seva mariyu kenada post "mail" nuu pampinhee chestaayi.
electronic mail" kuu sankshiptamaina "email" anae padam modatisaarigaa modatisaarigaa kanipinchindi. natta mail" anae padam vegavantamaina email nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki oka sankshipta namam. dheeni modati upayogam kosam vividha teedeelu ivvabaddaayi.
charitra.
oka madhyavarti oka vyakti nundi ledhaa maroka pradaesaaniki teesukuvelle vraatapuurvaka patraala dwara communication yokka abhyasam daadaapu khachitamgaa rachana aavishkaranaku chendinadi. ayithe, adhikaarika tapala vyavasthala abhivruddhi chaalaa taruvaata jarigindi. likhita patraala vyaapti kosam vyavastheekruta courier seva yokka modati document upayogam egyptulo undhi, ikkada faarolu rashtra bhuubhaagam antataa (cree. puu. 2400) aadesaalu pampadaaniki koreeyarlanu upayoginchaaru. migili unna mottamodati mail mukka kooda cree puu 255 naati eejiptu.
pertia (iraan).
nijamaina tapala vyavastha abhivruddhiki modati vishwasaneeyamaina vaadana puraatana pertia nundi vachindi. uttama-document chesina daavaa (genophone) eee aavishkarananu pertian raaju siras dhi grate (kristupurvam 550) kuu aapaadinchindi, athanu thana raajyamlooni prati provins thana pourulalo prati okkariki reception mariyu post pampineeni nirvahinchaalani aadesinchaadu. athanu porugu deshaalatho kooda adhe vidhamgaa charchalu jaripaadu mariyu paschima iraanlooni post nagaram nundi thoorpuna hakha nagaram varaku rahadaarulanu nirminchaadu. itara rachayitalu athani varasudu parshiyaku chendina modati darius (cree. puu. 521) kuu ghanata istaaru. itara muulaalu assyrian tapala vyavasthaku chaalaa munupati teedeelanu paerkontunnaayi, dheeniki hammurabi (cree. puu. 1700) mariyu sargon II (cree. puu. 722) laku credit ivvabadindi. ayithe, eee tapala seva yokka praathamika lakshyam mail kakapovachhu. guudachaara samacharanni sekarinche parikaramgaa vyavastha paatra baga namodu cheyabadindi, mariyu eee sevanu (taruvaata) "anjeria" anie pilicheevaaru, eee padam kalakramena pannu vyavasthanu suuchimchadaaniki vachindi. paatha nibandhana (esther, VIII) eee vyavastha gurinchi prastaavinchindih madis raaju ahshveras thana nirnayaalanu teliyajeyadaaniki koreeyarlanu upayoginchaadu.
pertian vyavastha stationlanu (chaapar-khaneh anie pilustaaru) upayoginchi panichesindi, akkada nundi sandesha vaahaka (chaapar anie pilustaaru) tadupari postku velutundi, aaa taruvaata athanu garishta paniteeru mariyu delivery vegam kosam thana gurraanni taja gurramtho maarustaadu. herodotus eee vyavasthanu eee vidhamgaa vivarinchaaduh "mottam prayaanamloo enni rojulu unnayo, rahadari venta nilabade purushulu mariyu gurralu chaalaa unnayani, prati gurram mariyu manishi oka roeju prayaana viramamlo unnaarani, ivi manchutho, varshamtho, vaedigaa ledhaa cheekatitho, tama nirdesita marganni anni vegaalato saadhinchakundaa undavu". eee padyam newyorkloni james farley post officelo pramukhamgaa kanipistundi, ayinappatikee idhi "manchu ledhaa varsham ledhaa vaedi ledhaa raatri cheekati eee koreeyarlanu vaari niyamita roundlu vaegamgaa puurti chesinappati nundi unchadu" anae anuvaadaanni upayogistundi.
bharatadesam.
mourya saamrajyam (322-185 BCE) krinda aardhika vruddhi mariyu raajakeeya sthirathvam puraatana bhaaratadesamlo poura moulika sadupayala sthiramaina abhivruddhini prerepinchindi. mouryulu prarambha bharatiya tapala sevatho paatu praja baavulu, vishraanti gruhalu mariyu prajala kosam itara soukaryaalanu abhivruddhi chesaaru. dagana" anie piluvabade saadhaarana rathaalanu puraatana bhaaratadesamlo konnisaarlu tapala rathaalugaa upayoginchevaaru. rannarlu mariyu itara vahakalu dwara samacharanni andinchadaaniki raajulu mariyu sthaanika paalakulu sainikamgaa koreeyarlanu upayoginchaaru. guudachaara seva adhipati ayina postmaster, courier vyavastha nirvahanaku baadhyata vahinchaaru. vyaktigata lekhalanu andinchadaaniki kooda koreeyarlanu upayoginchaaru.
dakshina bhaaratadesamlo, mysur raajyaaniki chendina vodeyar raajavamsam (1399-1947) goodacharya prayojanaala kosam mail sevanu upayoginchindi, tadwara chaalaa dooraalalo jarigina vishayaalaku sambandhinchina gnaanaanni pondutundi.
18va sataabdam chivari natiki, bhaaratadesamlo tapala vyavastha amalulo undhi. taruvaata british raaj bharatadesamloni chaalaa praantaalapai thana niyantrananu sthaapinchinappudu eee vyavastha puurti aadhuneekaranaku guraindi. 1837 naati "post office act xvii" prakaram, council loe unna bhaarata governor generalku eest india company bhoobhagalalo addeku poestu dwara lekhalanu pampe pratyeka hakku undani perkondi. kontamandi adhikaarulaku etuvanti chaarjeelu lekunda eee mails andubaatulo undevi, idhi samvatsaraalu gadichekoddi vivaadaaspada hakkugaa maarindi. eee praatipadikana 1837 aktobaru 1naa bharatiya tapala karyalayam sthaapinchabadindi.
rome.
baga namodu cheyabadina modati tapala seva rome. augustus seasure (cree. puu. 62-cree. puu. 14) samayamlo nirvahinchina eee sevanu "cursus publicus" anie pilicheevaaru mariyu vegavantamaina gurralu laagina telikapati carriagelu ("rede") andinchabadataayi. diocletian kaalam natiki, eddulu laagina rendu chakraala bandlatho ("bairote") samaantara seva sthaapinchabadindi. eee seva prabhutva samachara marpidi kosam ketayinchabadindi. taruvaata pourula kosam maroe seva jodinchabadindi.
chaina.
konni chainees muulaalu jiah ledhaa shang raajavamsaala naati mail ledhaa postal vyavasthalanu paerkontunnaayi, idhi prapanchamlone atyanta puraatanamaina mailing seva avutundi. mottamodati vishwasaneeyamaina courier vyavasthanu hohn raajavamsam (cree. puu. 206-cree. puu. 220) praarambhinchindi, vaaru pradhana maargaala venta prati 30 lii (sumaru 15 kii. mea) kii rile stationlanu kaligi unnaaru.
tong raajavamsam (cree. sha. 618 nundi 907 varaku) samudra kaaryaalayaalato sahaa 1,639 tapala gruhalanu nirvahinchindi, sumaru 20,000 mandiki upaadhi kalpinchindi. eee vyavasthanu yuddha mantritva saakha nirvahinchindi mariyu network nundi private correspondence nishedhinchabadindi. ming raajavamsam (1368 nundi 1644 varaku) tapala vyavasthanu twaragaa, surakshitamgaa mariyu choukagaa pampinchadaaniki korindi. nemmadigaa unna bhuu ravana vyavastha mariyu takkuva nidhula kaaranamgaa taginanta vegam ellappuduu samasyaga undedi. daani network pradhana margallo prati 60 leelaku 1,936 posthouselanu kaligi undhi, vaati madhya prati 10 leelaku taja gurralu andubaatulo unnaayi. king vaari bhoomula antataa 1,785 tapala gruhalanu nadiparu. ayithe, shanghai mariyu oppanda naukaasrayaala chuttoo kendrikrutamai unna antarjaateeya sthaavaraalanu anusandhaaninche vyavastha marinta samarthavantamgaa undedi. idhi chaina yokka antarjaateeya vaanijyaaniki pradhana samachara vyavastha.
mangol saamrajyam.
chenghis khaan mangol saamrajyamlo "orto" anae paerutoe saamrajyam antataa sandesavaahaka mariyu tapala station vyavasthanu erpaatu chesaaru. kubloy khaan aadhvaryamlo yuvan raajavamsam samayamlo, eee vyavastha chaina bhoobhaganni kooda cover chesindi. tapala kendraalanu adhikaarika mail prasaram mariyu pampinhee kosam matrame kakunda, prayaana adhikarulu, sainika sibbandi mariyu videshee pramukhulaku kooda andubaatulo undevi. eee stationlu videshee mariyu desheeya kappula ravaanaaku mariyu saadhaaranamgaa vaanijya nirvahanaku sahayapaddayi mariyu sulabhataram chesaayi.
kubloy khaan paalana mugise samayaniki, chainalone 1400 kante ekkuva tapala kendraalu undevi, veetilo sumaru 50,000 gurralu, 1,400 eddulu, 6,700 gaadidalu, 400 bandlu, 6,000 padavalu, 200 kante ekkuva kukkalu mariyu 1,150 gorrelu undevi.
stationlu vaerugaa undevi mariyu mail seva kosam panichese nammadagina parichaarakulu undevaaru. marco pooloo vanti videshee pariseelakulu eee prarambha tapala vyavastha saamarthyaanni dhruveekarinchaaru.
prati stationnu iravai aidu kutumbaalu nirvahinchaayi. tapala seva kosam pani sainika sevagaa pariganinchabadutundi. 18va sataabdamloo mangolianu daati altoy parvataala nundi chainaku velladaaniki 64 stationlu avasaramainappudu eee vyavastha ippatikee panichestondi.
japan.
aadhunika japanese vyavastha 19va sataabdam madhyalo abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, idhi european namuunaalanu daggaragaa coppy chestundi. prapanchamlone atipedda mariyu atyanta vijayavantamaina tapala podupu vyavasthanu, taruvaata tapala jeevita beema vyavasthanu abhivruddhi cheyadamlo japan atyanta vinootnamainadi. japan raajakeeya vyavasthanu sthaanika raajakeeyaalato anusandhaaninchadamlo post maastarlu keelaka paatra poeshistaaru. post maastarlu adhika pratishta kaliginavaaru, mariyu tarachugaa vamsapaaramparyamgaa untaaru. 19va sataabdam chivaralo japaannu vaegamgaa paarisraamikeekarana cheyadaaniki avasaramaina apaaramaina nidhulanu tapala vyavastha chaalaa varaku utpatti chesindi.
itara vyavasthalu.
islaamik prapanchamlo maroe mukhyamaina tapala sevanu "khalifa" muu 'avia srushtinchaaru; eee sevanu "barrid" anie pilicheevaaru, endukante courier prayaaninchae rahadaarulanu rakshinchadaaniki nirminchina towerla paeru.
kristupurvam 3000 natiki, eejipt pavuram post kosam hoaming pavuralanu upayogistondi, eee pakshi yokka ekaika naanhyatanu sadviniyogam chesukuntondi, idhi daani goodu nundi dhooramgaa teesukunnappudu, mukhyamgaa abhivruddhi chendina dhorani kaaranamgaa intiki vellae marganni kanugonagalugutundi. sandeshaalanu pavuram kaalla chuttoo kattaru, adhi vidudala cheyabadindi mariyu daani asalu gooduku cherukogaladu. 19va sataabdam natiki, sainika samachara marpidi kosam homim pavuralanu vistrutamgaa upayoginchaaru.
charlemagne thana saamrajyam yokka mottam bhuubhaagaaniki uttara gowlloo fraanklu upayoginche vyavasthanu vistarinchaadu mariyu eee sevanu "missi dominisi" thoo anusandhaaninchaadu.
11va sataabdam madhyalo, eejiptlooni fustaatku chendina kairo geneza vyaapaarulu anie piluvabade avise vyaapaarulu qutubi anie piluvabade tapala sevanu upayoginchadam gurinchi raasaaru."qutubi vyavastha jerusalem, ramla, tyre, ascalone, damascus, aleppo mariyu fustat nagaraala madhya maargaalanu edaadi podavunaa, kramam tappakunda mail delivareetho nirvahinchindi.
aneka mataparamaina aadeshaalalo private mail servies undedi. mukhyamgaa, systersianlu 6,000 kante ekkuva mathaalu, mathaalu mariyu charchilanu anusandhaaninche okadaanni kaligi unnaaru. ayithe, nites templer uttama samsthanu roopondinchaaru.
roopondinchaaru, pourulandarikee andubaatulo unde public mail sarveesga speyinlo corios vai telegraphos sthaapinchabadindi. delivery postmenlanu modatisaarigaa modatisaarigaa niyaminchaaru mariyu postboxlanu modata modata erpaatu chesaaru.
taxilu tippi.
tippi, pavitra roman chakravarthy modati maximilian saamrajyamlo tapala vyavasthanu sthaapinchi, daanini nadapadaniki franz vaan taxilanu niyaminchaadu. appudu tassis anie piluvabade thurn und taxila kutumbam 1290 nundi italian nagara-raashtraala madhya tapala sevalanu nirvahinchindi. 500 samvatsaraala paatu brassels mariyu frankfurt kendramgaa unna tapala vyaparam oka taram nundi maroka taraaniki badilee cheyabadindi. cheyabadindi saamrajyam raddu cheyabadina taruvaata, 1871 taruvaata kotta german saamrajyam yokka tapala vyavasthalo vileenam kaavadaaniki mundu thurn-anda-taxila tapala vyavastha tapala stampu yugamlo oka private samsthagaa konasaagindi. 1867 juulai 1naa prussia rashtram chivari tapaalaadhikaari kodalu helen vaan thurn & taxilu tirigi pettubadi pettina 3.000.000 taalarla nashtapariharam chellinchaalsi vachindi, chivari tapaalaadhikaari yokka kodalu, maximilian carle 6va yuvaraju, thurn & taxilu, real estetloki, daanilo ekkuva bhaagam netikee unikilo undhi.
prapanchamlooni phone book yokka muulaalu avant-gaard telecommunications kutumbam thurn & taxila sudeergha charitralo unnaayi. johannes 11va prins off thurn & taxilu oka vidyaarthiki pititi samskrutini prasaram chesi, sataabdaala kritam athani puurveekulu vellae chaaritraatmaka tapala bhavanam pakkana oka chinna telephone dukaanaanni praarambhinchadamlo sahayapadatam eee directory phalitam. duesh post ledhaa austerichish post vanti aneka european tapala vahakalu paarislooni king luis XIV yokka paatha tapala bhavanamlo unna prapancha phone book maadirigaane tama company logolo thurn & taxila post hornu upayoginchadam konasagistunnayi.
tapala samskaranalu.
united kingdamlo, 1840 kii mundu lekhalanu graheeta chellinchevaaru mariyu kharchu baruvu parimitulatoe kuudina desavyaaptamgaa flat raetu dwara kakunda pampinavaari nundi graheetaku dhooram mariyu kaagitam sheetla sankhya dwara nirnayinchabadutundi. surr roland hill pennie tapala mariyu mundastu chellimpu bhavanala aadhaaramgaa tapala vyavasthanu samskarinchaaru. thana pratipaadanalo, hill, mundastu chellimpu aichhikamgaa unna samayamlo, tapala kosam chellinchadaaniki pampinavaarini pondadaaniki pratyaamnaaya margaluga adhikaarika mundastu-mudrinchina envalaplu mariyu antukune tapala stampulanu kooda pilupunicchaaru, idhi tapala stampu, pennie block aavishkaranaku daariteesindi.
aadhunika ravana mariyu saanketikata.
aadhunika ravana abhivruddhilo tapala vyavastha mukhyamainadi. railway tapala karyalayalanu railway nadipedi. 20va sataabdamloo, air mail anedi khandantara mail kosam empika chesina ravana maargamgaa maarindi. tapala sibbandi mail truckulanu upayoginchadam praarambhinchaaru. mail nirvahana marinta svayamchaalakamgaa maarindi.
bhouthika mail kosam paristhitulanu maarchadaaniki internet vachindi. email (mariyu iteevali samvatsaraalalo soshal networking saitlu) bhouthika mail vyavasthalaku teevramaina potidaarugaa marai, conny online vaelampaatalu mariyu internet shopping kotta vyapara avakaasaalanu terichaayi, endukante prajalu tarachugaa mail dwara aanlainlo konugolu chese vastuvulanu pondutaaru.
aadhunika mail.
aadhunika meyilnu jaateeya mariyu praivaeteekarinchina sevalu nirvahistaayi, ivi antarjaateeya nibandhanalu, samsthalu mariyu antarjaateeya oppandaala dwara parasparam anusandhaaninchabadi untaayi. kaagitapu lekhalu mariyu potlaalanu prapanchamlooni daadaapu yea deshaaniki ayina saapekshamgaa sulabhamgaa mariyu choukagaa pampavacchu. internet aksharaala vanti sandeshaalanu pampe prakriyanu daadaapu takshaname chesindi, mariyu aneka sandarbhaallo mariyu paristhitulalo vilekharulu gatamlo aksharaalanu upayoginchina chota imeyilnu upayogistaaru. yuu dwara pampina kaagitapu mail parimaanam.ess. parimaanam.ess samvatsaraaniki garishtamgaa 21.3 kotla postal sarveesulu vachinappati nundi postal servies 15 saataaniki paiga ksheeninchindi.
samstha.
konni deshaalu tama mail sevalanu chattaparamaina guttadhipatyam lekunda public limited liability corporationluga nirvahinchaayi.
prapanchamlooni swayam paalita raashtraala vyaktigata jaateeya tapala vyavasthalanu yerparustunna prapanchavyaapta tapala vyavasthanu saarvatrika tapala sangham samanvayam chestundi, idhi itara vishayaalatoepaatu antarjaateeya tapala retlanu nirdesistundi, tapala stampula kosam pramaanaalanu nirvachistundi mariyu antarjaateeya pratyuttaram koopanla vyavasthanu nirvahistundi.
chaalaa deshaalalo karyakalapala automationnu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki sankethaalu (united stateslo "zip kodlu", united kingdom mariyu australialo "postcodelu", irelandlo "eerkodlu" mariyu chaalaa itara deshaalalo "postal kodlu" anie suuchistaaru) vyavastha srushtinchabadindi. indulo "baar coding" anie piluvabade lekha ledhaa mail chesina vastuvu yokka chirunama bhagampai adanapu gurtulanu unchadam kooda untundi. delivery kosam mail yokka baar coding saadhaaranamgaa niluvu baarla shreni dwara vyakteekarinchabadutundi, dheenini saadhaaranamgaa postnet coding ledhaa rendu dimensional barkodga chukkala block anie pilustaaru. blocks off dots" paddhati tapala chellimpu rujuvu, delivery kosam khachitamaina routing mariyu itara lakshanaala encodingnu anumatistundi.
20va sataabdamloo vegavantamaina delivery kosam vimanalanu upayoginchadamto saadhaarana mail seva meruguparachabadindi. prapanchamlooni mottamodati schedule cheyabadina airmail post servies united kingdamlo london shivaaru praantamaina hendon mariyu windser, berkshire madhya 1911 september 9naa jarigindi. ayithe, united states postal servies rockett meyiltho chesina prayogamtho sahaa konni air mail paddhatulu asamarthamgaa niroopinchabaddaayi.
pampinavaariki samarthavanthamaina pampineeni nirdhaarinchadaaniki raseedu sevalu andubaatulo unchabaddaayi.
chellimpu.
pantommidava sataabdam madhyakaalaaniki mundu, tapala vyavasthalu unna praantaalalo, chellimpu namuunaalu maarutuu undevi, conny chaalaa varaku tapala patraalu chellinchakundaa pampabadevi, andukunevaaru tapala rusumu chellinchaalsi undedi. konni praantaalalo pampinavaaru pakshika chellimpu chesaaru. nedu, prapanchavyaaptamgaa, tapala mundugaane chellinche atyanta saadhaarana paddhati emitante, mailing chese mundu envalap kuu vartimpajeyadaaniki antukune tapala stampnu konugolu cheyadam; tapala-mundugaane chellinchina envalap nuu upayoginchadam chaalaa takkuva saadhaarana paddhati. franking anedi pratyeka yantraanni upayoginchi licenses kinda tapala-mundastu chellimpu envalaplanu roopondinche paddhati. byaankulu mariyu direct mail companylu vanti pedda mail prograamlu unna companylu veetini upayogistaayi.
upayogistaayi, yuu.ess. tapala seva internet dwara digital fraanklanu pampe surakshita vyavastha yokka modati pareekshalanu computer printerlo mudrinchadaaniki adhikaram ichindi, pratyaekamaina franking yantraaniki licenses ivvavalasina avasaranni nivaarinchindi mariyu chinna mail prograamlu unna companylanu empikanu upayoginchadaaniki anumatinchindi; idhi taruvaata vyaktigateekarinchina tapala viniyogaanni pareekshinchadaaniki vistarinchabadindi. yuu andinchina seva.ess. seva.ess tapala seva fraanklanu pratyeka antukune-maddatugala lebullapai mudrinchadaaniki anumatistundi.
anumatistundi united kingdamloni raayal mail daani "smartstamp" internet aadhaarita vyavasthanu pravesapettindi, idhi saadhaarana antukune labels ledhaa envalaplapai mudrinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. prapanchavyaaptamgaa tapala paripalanalu ilanti vyavasthalanu pariseelistunnaayi.
prii-paid envalap ledhaa pyaakaejeeni postal servies agent mail loki aamodinchinappudu, agent saadhaaranamgaa raddu cheyadam dwara tapala mundu chellimpuku chellubaatu kaadani suuchistaadu. agent mail peesnu raddu cheyadam marchipoyinappudu ledhaa nirlakshyam chesinappudu, mundugaa raddu cheyabadina stampula kosam mariyu anduvalla raddu avasaram laeni stampula kosam mariyu chaalaa sandarbhaallo, metered mail kosam minahaayimpulu untaayi. (usps adhikaram pondina mariyu jazil mariyu itara companylache tayaaru cheyabadina "vyaktigateekarinchina stampulu" vaastavaaniki meater label yokka oka roopam, anduvalla vaatini raddu cheyavalasina avasaram ledhu.)
gopyata mariyu sensorship.
patraalanu saadhaaranamgaa chirunama graheeta tappa marevaruu chadavakudadu; udaaharanaku, united states off americalo chirunama graheeta mariyu prabhutvam tappa marevaraina mail teravadam samakhya chattanni ullanghinchadam. ayithe minahaayimpulu unnaih adhikarulu tarachugaa tama meyilnu nirvahinche panini kaaryadarsulu ledhaa sahayakulaku ketayistaru; mariyu postcardulanu teravaalsina avasaram ledhu mariyu evarainaa chadavavacchu. oka kavarulo unna mail kosam, pampinavaaru mariyu graheeta gurtimpulanu namodu cheyadaaniki anumatinche konni adhikara paridhulalo chattaparamaina nibandhanalu unnaayi.
mexico, columbia, brazil mariyu venezula raajyaamgaala dwara correspondence gopyataku haamii ivvabadindi mariyu maanava hakkulapai european convention mariyu maanava hakkula saarvatrika prakatanalo soochinchabadindi. private pourula mail lopala unna vishayaala niyantrana anedi sensorship mariyu poura hakkula yokka saamaajika, raajakeeya mariyu chattaparamaina amsaalaku sambandhinchinadi. antarjaateeya mail mariyu packagelu customs niyantranaku lobadi untaayi, mail mariyu pyaakaejeelanu tarachugaa survey chestaaru mariyu vaati kantentlanu konnisaarlu savaristaaru (ledhaa kooda).
prabhutvaalu private mail yokka vishayalanu terichi, coppy cheyadam ledhaa chaayaachitraalu teeyadam vanti kesulu sahasrabdaluga unnaayi. sambandhita adhikara paridhilooni chattalaku lobadi, neerapuurita kutraku sambandhinchina konni kesulalo pooliisulu ledhaa itara adhikarulu, karaspandensnu bahirangamgaa ledhaa rahasyamgaa teravavacchu ledhaa vaerae paddhati dwara nirnayinche vishayalanu teravavacchu, ayithe block chhambers (gatamlo ekkuvagaa, eee roeju vaati upayogam kontha konasaginappatiki) chattavyatirekamgaa teravabadutundi.
chirunama graheeta ledhaa pampinavaaru dorakakapothe, meyilnu teravadaaniki mail sevanu anumatinchavacchu, rendintinee gurtinchadaaniki prayatninchandi. ravana cheyadaaniki pramaadakaramaina ledhaa sthaanika chattalanu ullanghinche padaarthaalu unnaya anie tanikhi cheyadaaniki mail servies kooda teravavacchu.
chaalaa sandarbhaallo mail sensorship asaadhaaranamainadi ayinappatikee, sainikulaku mariyu vaari nundi vachhe sainika mail tarachugaa nigha kii lobadi untundi. dalaala kadalikalu ledhaa vaataavarana paristhitulu vanti vyuuhaatmaka rahasyalu leak kakunda nirodhinchadaaniki mail sensor cheyabadutundi. deshaanni batti, sainika rahasyalanu kaligi unna poura meyilnu kooda paryaveekshinchavachchu mariyu sensor cheyavachu.
united states looni jaillu ledhaa jaillalooni khaideelaku pampina mail, mail edainaa neerapuurita charyanu nirdesinchindaa ledhaa tappinchukovadaaniki maargaalanu andistundaa anie nirnayinchadaaniki jailu ledhaa jailu sibbandi dwara teravadaaniki mariyu sameekshinchadaaniki lobadi untundi. chadavaleni ekaika mail attarney client mail, idhi united stateslo attarney-client gopyata chattaala paridhiloki vastundi.
electronic correspondence perugudala.
telegraph, telephone, telex, nakilee mariyu email vanti aadhunika pratyaamnaayaalu aneka anuvartanaalaku kaagitapu mail yokka aakarshananu tagginchaayi. eee aadhunika pratyaamnaayaalu konni prayojanaalanu kaligi unnaih vaati vegamtho paatu, avi marinta surakshitamgaa undavacchu, udhaa.zii.endukante, saadhaarana prajalu kavaru nundi pampinavaari ledhaa graheeta chirunamanu telusukoleru, mariyu appudappudu saampradaaya mail vastuvulu rakapovachhu, udhaa.zii. mailboxulu, snehapuurvakamgaa laeni pempudu jantuvulu mariyu pratikuula vaataavarana paristhitula kaaranamgaa. grahinchina pramaadaalu ledhaa asoukaryaala kaaranamgaa mail vahakalu, oka nirdishta chirunamaku meyilnu andinchadaaniki adhikarikamga ledhaa vaerae vidhamgaa niraakarinchavacchu (udaaharanaku, talupu ledhaa mailboxku spashtamaina maargam lekapothe). marovaipu, saampradaaya mail computer panicheyakapovadam mariyu malware vachhe avakaasaanni nivaaristundi, mariyu graheeta kaagitam kaapeeni kaligi undalanukunte daanini print avt cheyavalasina avasaram ledhu, ayithe digital kaapeeni tayaaru cheyadaaniki scanning avasaram.
santakaalaku chattaparamaina avasaralu, maryaada yokka avasaralu mariyu chinna bhouthika vastuvulanu chuttumutte avasaram vanti kaaranaala valla bhouthika mail ippatikee vyapara mariyu vyaktigata samachara maarpidilo vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadutundi.
daadaapu ellappuduu chaalaa vaegamgaa unde email vachinappati nundi, tapala vyavasthanu internet yaasalo "natta mail" anae paeru dwara soochinchadam jarigindi. appudappudu, "white mail" anae padaanni postal mail kosam tatastha padamgaa kooda upayoginchaaru.
pradhanamgaa 20va sataabdamloo, hybrid mail thoo prayogaalu electronic mariyu kaagitam pampineeni militam chesaayi. electronic yantraamgaalalo telegram, telex, nakilee (facs), email mariyu chinna sandesha seva (sms) unnaayi. mail mariyu taatkaalika imeyilla vanti eee kotta paddhatulalo konnintini kalipe paddhatulu unnaayi, ivi ratriputa pampinheetho nakilee prasaranni militam chestaayi. eee vahanalu saadhaaranamgaa yaantrika ledhaa electro-mechanical praamaanika rachana (typing) nuu upayogistaayi, idhi oka vaipu marinta samarthavanthamaina communication kosam chestundi, marovaipu saampradayakamgaa saampradaaya mail loe unde asaadhyamaina lakshanaalu mariyu paddhatulanu, calligraphy vanti vaatini chestundi.
praamaanika keyboardula nundi ara dozenu praamaanika typographic faantlanu saadhaaranamgaa upayoginchakundaa, eee yugam nissandehamgaa pradhanamgaa yaantrika rachanala aadhipatyam kaligi undhi. edemaina, vyaktigata samachara marpidi kosam type vraasina ledhaa computer-printed lekhala vadakam mariyu email raaka, oka lekha marinta "pratyeka sanghatana" gaa maaradamtho, chetivraatapai kotta aasaktini rekettinchaayi. ayithe, email mariyu computer-printed lekhalaku chaalaa kaalam mundu, alankarinchabadina envalaplu, rabbaru stampulu mariyu artistamplu mail art maadhyamamlo bhaagamgaa undevi.
undevi (dasaabdam) eebe mariyu itara online vaelam saitlu mariyu online storela aagamanamtho, paarisraamika deshaalalo tapala sevalu vastuvula ravana vaipu pedda maarpunu chushai. email andubaatulo undatam valla kaagitapu mail valume takkuvagaa unna nepathyamlo idhi vyavastha viniyogaaniki prothsaahamgaa pariganinchabadindi.
online tapala karyalayalu graheetalaku skaan chesina electronic roopamlo saampradaaya correspondence meyilnu sweekarinche marganni andinchadaaniki udbhavinchaayi.
sekarana.
tapala billalu kooda oka nirdishta rakamaina sekaranaku sambandhinchinavi. stampu sekarana anedi chaalaa prajaadarana pondina abhiruchi. konni sandarbhaallo, demand sarafaraanu minchinappudu, eee nirdishta marketlo vaati vaanijya viluva, upayoginchina tarvaata kooda, mukha viluva kante chaalaa ekkuvagaa maaravacchu. konni tapala sevalaku, vaatini eppatikee upayoginchani collectorlaku stampula ammakam gananeeyamaina aadaaya vanarugaa undhi; udaaharanaku, tokeluu, dakshina georgia & dakshina sandwitch dheevulu, tristan daa kunha, newfoyu mariyu aneka itara stampula nundi. stampu sekarananu saadhaaranamgaa philati anie pilustaaru, ayithe khachitamgaa taruvaati padam stampula adhyayananni suuchistumdi.
postcardula sekarana yokka maroka roopam, oke balamaina kaagitampai vraasina patram, saadhaaranamgaa oka vaipuna photographic chitraalu ledhaa kalaatmaka draayinglatho alankarinchabadutundi mariyu maroka vaipuna chinna sandeshaalu, chirunamaku sthalam kooda kaligi untaayi. kathinamaina tapala patraala vaadakamlo, postcardnu postal card nundi vaeru cheyali, idhi kardupai mundugaa mudrinchina tapala dharanu kaligi untundi. eee communication receiver kakunda vaerae vaariki kanipistundane vaastavam tarachugaa sandeshaalanu paribhaashalo vraayadaaniki kaaranamavutundi.
aksharalu tarachugaa saahityaaniki udaaharanagaa, alaage prasiddha vyakti vishayamlo jeevitacharitralo kooda adhyayanam cheyabadataayi. baibil yokka kotta nibandhanalo kontha bhaagam roman saamraajyamloni vividha praantaalalo kraistava sanghaalaku apostaludaina paal raasina patraalatoe koodi untundi. prasiddha aksharaala jabita kosam krinda chudandi.
patrapatrika" anie piluvabade rachana shaili, rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva paatrala madhya paraspara sambandham roopamlo oka kalpita kathanu chebutundi.
nirjanamaina dveepamlo chikkukunna tarvaata taatkaalika mail paddhati anedi oka seesaalo sandesam.
niyantrana tolagimpu.
sweeden (1 janavari 1993), newzealand (1998 mariyu 2003), germany (2005 mariyu 2007), argentine mariyu chileetho sahaa aneka deshaalu tapala sevala marketnu kottagaa pravesinchina vaariki terichaayi. newzealand post limited vishayamlo, indulo (2003 nundi) universal postal unionlo ekaika newzealand postal administration sabhyudiga undataaniki daani hakku undhi, tadwara newzealand anae paerunu kaligi unna stampulapai daani guttadhipatyam mugisindi.
rakalu.
lekhalu.
chaalaa tapala sevala dwara pampabade vishayaalalo aksharaala parimaanamlo mail ekkuvagaa untundi. ivi saadhaaranamgaa a4 (210x297 mimi), aksharaala parimaanam (8.5x11 angulaalu) ledhaa chinna kaagitampai mudrinchina patraalu mariyu envalaplalo unchabadataayi.
okappudu suduura prajala madhya samachara maarpidiki pradhana maargamgaa unna chethitho vraasina samachara marpidi, ippudu telephone ledhaa email vanti marinta takshana samachara marpidi roopaala raaka kaaranamgaa takkuva tarachugaa upayoginchabadutondi. ayithe, saampradaaya aksharalu tarachugaa "saralamaina samayam" kii tirigi soochinchevigaa pariganinchabadataayi mariyu evarainaa athani ledhaa aame sambhaashana gurinchi uddeshapoorvakamgaa mariyu alochanatmakamga undaalanukunnappudu ippatikee upayoginchabadataayi. oka udaaharanagaa oka shokasandramlo unna vyaktiki saanubhooti lekha untundi.
utility companylu mariyu itara servies providerla nundi regular billing correspondence vanti billulu mariyu invoicelu tarachugaa mail dwara pampabadataayi. eee lekhalalo tarachugaa sweeya-chirunama kavaru untundi, idhi receiver sulabhamgaa companyki chellimpunu tirigi chellinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. ippatikee chaalaa saadhaaranamainappatikii, chaalaa mandhi ippudu online billu chellimpu sevalanu upayoginchadaaniki enchukuntaaru, idhi mail dwara billulanu sweekarinchaalsina avasaranni tolagistundi. pedda aardhika lavadevila nirdhaarana kosam vraatapani tarachugaa mail dwara pampabadutundi. aneka pannu patraalu kooda unnaayi.
kotta credit kaardulu mariyu vatiki sambandhinchina vyaktigata gurtimpu sankhyalu vaari yajamaanulaku mail dwara pampabadataayi. kaardu mariyu sankhya saadhaaranamgaa bhadrata kaaranaala drishtya aneka rojulu ledhaa vaaraala vyavadhilo vidigaa mail cheyabadataayi.
bulk mail anedi pedda mottamlo mail kosam tayaaru cheyabadina mail, tarachugaa presorting mariyu takkuva retlatho proses cheyadam dwara. idhi tarachugaa pratyaksha marketing mariyu itara prakatanala mail loe upayoginchabadutundi, ayithe dheeniki itara upayogaalu kooda unnaayi. eee sandeshaalanu pampevaaru konnisaarlu chirunamala jaabitaalanu konugolu chestaaru (konnisaarlu nirdishta janabha vaipu lakshyamgaa pettukuntaaru), aapai vaari utpatti ledhaa sevanu pracharam chestu graheetalandarikee lekhalu pamputaaru. itara samayaallo, sthaanika utpattulanu pracharam chese sthaanika companylu vaanijya abhyardhanalanu pamputaayi, restaurant delivery servies prakatanalu vaari delivery praantaaniki ledhaa retail store vaari varapu prakatanala circularnu saadhaarana praantaaniki pampadam vantivi. kotta utpattulu ledhaa sevalanu pracharam chestu, ippatike unna companyla chandaadaarula sthaavaraalaku kooda tarachugaa pedda mail pampabadutundi.
modati taragati.
yuu loe modati-taragati mail.ess. postcardulu, aksharalu, pedda envalaplu (flaatlu) mariyu chinna packagelu untaayi, prati mukka baruvu ledhaa anthakante takkuva untundi. rendava taragati (vaartaapatrikalu mariyu patrikalu), moodava taragati (bhaarii prakatanalu) mariyu nalgava taragati mail (pustakaalu mariyu media packagelu) kante pampinheeki praadhaanyata ivvabadutundi. modati-taragati mail dharalu mail cheyabadutunna vastuvu yokka aakaram mariyu baruvu rendintipai aadharapadi untaayi. 13 ounsulaku paiga mukkalanu praadhaanyata mailga pampavacchu. modati taragati mails marusati roeju 2011 42%, rendu rojullo 27 saatam, mariyu moodu rojullo 31 saatam vachayi. vachayi sevalalo maarpulu valla rendu rojullo 51 saatam mariyu migilina vaatilo ekkuva bhaagam moodu rojullo vastaayani usplu anchanaa vaesaaru. 
kenada post counter letter mail. 
british raayal mail yokka 1 va taragati, idhi sailigaa unnanduna, konchem ekkuva kharchutho, 2 va taragati kante praadhaanyata empika. post chesina marusati roeju anni 1 va taragati lekhalanu pampinhee cheyadame raayal mail lakshyam (conny haamii ivvadu).
austrialo praadhaanyata delivery meyilnu prio anie, switzerlandlo eah-post anie pilustaaru.
registered mariyu record chesina mail.
registered mail anedi aaa pradaesaanni mariyu mukhyamgaa oka lekha yokka saraina pampineeni track cheyadaaniki anumatistundi. idhi saadhaaranamgaa saadhaarana mail kante chaalaa khareedainadi, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa viluvaina vastuvula kosam upayoginchabadutundi. registered mail vyavastha dwara nirantaram track cheyabadutundi.
recorded mail saadhaarana mail maadirigaane nirvahinchabadutundi, ayithe raseedu vachinappudu santakam cheyalsi untundi. delivery rujuvu avasaramaina chattaparamaina patraalaku idhi upayogapadutundi.
united kingdamlo record cheyabadina delivery mail (raayal mail dwara "santakam cheyabadinadi" gaa brand cheyabadindi) "record cheyabadina delivery sevala chattam 1962" paridhiloki vastundi. eee chattam prakaram, daani sambandhita chattaniki registered post dwara seva avasaramayye yea patraanikainaa kooda namodu cheyabadina delivery dwara chattabaddhamgaa andinchavacchu.
marchagala gamanikalu.
united states postal servies envelopes mariyu bulk mailingla velupala "marchagala notlanu" (udaaharanaku, 3 mea post-itt notlu) jodinchadaaniki anumatinche oka pareekshanu pravesapettindi, aaa taruvaata pareekshanu paerkonabadani kaalaaniki podiginchindi. marchagala gamanikanu neerugaa modati-taragati mail mariyu praamaanika mail letter-saiju mail peaces yokka chirunama vaipuku amarchavacchu. eee mail pease luu 7.2 nundi 7.6 pramaanaalaku anugunamgaa undaali. baruvu mariyu tapala raetu kosam eee note mail pease loe antarbhaagamgaa cherchabadi, dharalo lekkinchabadaali.
postal kaardulu mariyu postcardulu.
postal kaardulu mariyu postcardulu anevi kappabadani mail dwara pampabade chinna sandesha kaardulu; tarachugaa, sthiramgaa mariyu vishwasaneeyamgaa kakapoyina, vaati madhya unna vyatyaasam emitante, "postal kaardulu" postal authority ledhaa entity dwara "postal indika" (ledhaa "stamp") thoo jaarii cheyabadataayi, ayithe postcardulu praivetgaa jaarii cheyabadataayi mariyu antukune stampnu atikinchaalsina avasaram untundi (postal authority stamp cheyani postcardulanu jaarii chesina konni sandarbhaalu unnappatikee). paryatakanni prothsahinchadaaniki postcardulu tarachugaa mudrinchabadataayi, mundu bhaagamlo resortlu, paryataka aakarshanhalu ledhaa haasya sandeshaala chitraalu untaayi mariyu pampinavaari nundi oka chinna sandesaanni venuka bhaagamlo vraayadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. postcardulaku avasaramaina tapala saadhaaranamgaa praamaanika aksharalaku avasaramaina tapala kante takkuvagaa untundi; ayithe, avi peddavigaa undatam ledhaa cutt-avt kaligi undatam vanti konni saanketikatalu, modati-taragati raetu chellimpuku daariteeyavachchu.
kotta chandaala kosam patrikalu kooda postcardulanu upayogistaayi. aneka patrikallo tapala-chellimpu chandha kaardulu untaayi, veetini oka paatakudu puurinchi, patrika chandha kosam billu cheyataaniki prachurana samsthaku tirigi mail cheyavachu. eee paddhatiloo, patrikalu reader sarvelu, pootiilu ledhaa samachara abhyardhanalatho sahaa itara prayojanaala kosam postcardulanu kooda upayogistaayi.
postcardulu konnisaarlu swachchanda samsthala dwara vaari sabhyulaku santakam chesi raajakeeya nayakudiki pampe sandesamto pampabadataayi (udhaa.zii. nyaayamaina vaanijyam ledhaa moodava prapancha runa raddunu prothsahinchadaaniki).
itara mail sevalu.
chinna pyaaketlu saadhaaranamgaa 2 kilola kante takkuvagaa untaayi.
pedda envalaplu kooda mail dwara pampabadataayi. ivi tarachugaa praamaanika envalapla kante balamaina padaarthamthoo koodi untaayi mariyu tarachugaa vyaparalu madata pettani ledhaa debbatinani patraalanu ravana cheyadaaniki chattaparamaina patraalu mariyu oppandaalu vanti vaatini upayogistaayi. vaati parimaanam kaaranamgaa, pedda envalaplaku konnisaarlu adanapu tapala chaarjeelu vasoolu cheyabadataayi.
packagelu tarachugaa konni tapala sevala dwara pampabadataayi, saadhaaranamgaa sagatu lekha ledhaa postcard kante adanapu tapala avasaram untundi. aneka tapala sevalaku packagelo emi undavacchu ledhaa undakapovachhu anae daanipai parimitulu untaayi, saadhaaranamgaa padaipoye, pramaadakaramaina ledhaa mandey padaarthaalapai parimitulu ledhaa nishedhaalu vidhistaaru. parimita parimaanamlo konni pramaadakaramaina padaarthaalanu orm-dii label vanti tagina gurtulu mariyu packagingtho ravana cheyavachu. adanamgaa, ugravaada aandolanala phalitamgaa, yuu.ess. tapala seva vaari pyaakaejeelanu aneka bhadrata pareekshalaku gurichestundi, tarachugaa jeevasambandhamaina padaarthaalu ledhaa mail bambulalo kanipinche padaarthaala kosam scanning ledhaa ex-rae packagelu.
vaartaapatrikalu mariyu patrikalu kooda tapala sevala dwara pampabadataayi. aneka patrikalu saadhaaranamgaa mail loe unchabadataayi (conny yuu. ess loe.ess.avi prii-paid tapala vyavasthagaa panichese pratyeka baar kodto mudrinchabadataayi-postnet chudandi), conny patrikalooni vadulugaa unna vishayalanu rakshinchadaaniki chaalaa varaku ippudu shrink raplo ravana cheyabadutunnayi. 19va sataabdam rendava bhaagamlo mariyu 20va sataabdam modati bhaagamlo, vaartaapatrikalu mariyu patrikalu saadhaaranamgaa stamp mudratho chuttulanu upayoginchi post cheyabaddaayi.
konnisaarlu ell-mail anie piluvabade hybrid mail, mail generator yokka computer nundi neerugaa postal servies providerku meyilnu electronicga pampadam. tapala seva pradaata appudu mail mukkanu kramabaddheekarinchadaaniki, maargadarsigaa mariyu bhouthikamgaa delivery paayintku daggaragaa unna pradaesamloe utpatti cheyadaaniki electronic maargaalanu upayoginchagalaru. idhi konni tapala karyalaya karyakalapalu mariyu vyaktigata vyaparalu eee marketloki pravesinchadamto prajaadarana pondutunna oka rakamaina mail. konni deshaalalo, eee sevalu vruddhulu ledhaa balaheenulu vanti imeyilnu sweekarinchaleni vaariki imailsnu mudrinchadaaniki mariyu pampinhee cheyadaaniki andubaatulo unnaayi. hybrid mail providerlu andinche sevalu mail forwarding servies providerlatho daggari sambandham kaligi untaayi.
kooda chudandi.
chudandi 
tapala vyavastha yokka bhagalu

