
doshi sicklid

doshi sicklid (amatitlania nigrophasicata) anedi madhya americaku chendina siklide kutumbaaniki chendina oka chepala jaathi, dheenini jeebra sicklid anie kooda pilustaaru. doshi siklidlu prasiddha aquarium chepalu mariyu chepala pravartanapai aneka adhyayanalaku kooda sambandhinchinavi.
vargeekarana.
1867loe frederic ducane gadman mariyu osbert salvin madhya americalo namuunaalanu sekarinchina taruvaata albert gunthar eee jaatini modata vivarinchaadu. 2007loe, juvan schmitter-soto yokka "arcocentus" jaatula adhyayanam aadhaaramgaa eee jaatini "arcocentrus" jaathi nundi "amatitania" anae kotta jaatiki marcharu. ayithe, oldrich recon netrutvamloni 2008 adhyayanam "amathitlania nigrophaskiata" thoo sahaa "cryptoheros" mariyu "amathitlania" loe jaatulanu "hypesophries" jaatiloki taralinchaalani pratipaadinchindi.
saampradayakamgaa nirvachinchinatlugaa, doshi sicklid, daani paridhiloo gananeeyamaina rangu vaividhyaalanu pradarsistundi. eee praantiiya vaividhyaalalo konni ippudu vividha jaatulugaa pariganhinchabadutunnaayi. veetilo okati "a". sikviya, "honduran redd point sicklid ledhaa honduran redd point doshi, idhi dakshinaana honduras yokka atlantic vaalu nundi costa rica varaku untundi. gatamlo "a" loe cherchabadina maroe rendu jaatulu. nigrophasicata "a". panama yokka atlantic vaalu nundi kannah, mariyu a. ell salvador looni kotepek sarassu nundi kotepek; ayithe, rendodi "a" nundi vaeru cheyalenidi. nigrophasiata, "dheenini juuniyar paryaayapadamgaa sifaarsu cheyadaaniki daariteestundi.
rakam jaatulu, "a. eee jaatulannintinii cover cheyadaaniki upayoginche nigrophasiata, pasiphik vaalupai ell salvador nundi gwatemala varaku mariyu atlantic vaalupai honduras nundi gwatemala varaku uttara janaabhaaku parimitam cheyabadindi.
eee jaatiki aneka paryaayapadaalu unnaih "arcocentrus nigrophasiatus", "siclasoma nigrophasiatum", "cryptoheros nigrophasiatus" mariyu "heros nigrophasiatus".
vyutpatti.
saadhaarana paeru doshi sicklid, jaathi paeru vale, sareerampai niluvu nallati chaarala nundi udbhavinchindi, ivi british doshula chaarala jailu unifamlanu gurthu chestaayi. adevidhamgaa, jaathi yokka visaeshanham "nigrophasiatus" antey aksharala "nallati-charalu" anie ardham.
vivarana.
eee jaathi yokka adavi-rakam neelam-buudida sareerampai 8 ledhaa 9 nalla niluvu baarlu, operculumpy cheekati macchatho paatu untundi. baalya khaidi siklidlu laingika paripakvataku cherukune varaku monomorphicga untaayi. magadi ekkuvagaa buudida rangulo untundi, sareeram venta laetha nallati charalu untaayi. magavi aada vaati kante peddavi, mariyu avi ekkuva binduvaina ventral, dorsal mariyu guda rekkalanu kaligi untaayi, ivi tarachugaa tantuvulloki vistarinchi untaayi. adanamgaa, pedda magavaariki tarachugaa vaari nuditipai vestigial fatty gaddalu erpadataayi. asadhaaranamgaa chepalaku, aadadi ekkuva rangulo untundi. aame sareeram antataa marinta teevramaina nallati patteelu kaligi untundi, mariyu ventral praantamloo mariyu dorsal finn meeda gulabi nundi narinja rangu untundi. garishta praamaanika podavu 10 centimeters, mottam podavu daggaragaa unnatlu nivedinchabadindi. chepala shareera baruvu sumaruga untundi. empika chesina santanotpatti phalitamgaa lucistic jaathi erpadindi, idhi adavi rakaniki chendina cheekati nirodhakatanu kaligi undadu. veerini saadhaaranamgaa tella doshulu, gulabi doshulu, bangaaru doshulu mariyu "eah" anie pilustaaru. nigrophasiata "kongo". lucistic rangu anedi autosomal janyuvulo mutation valla sambhavistundi mariyu idhi vaarasatvamgaa vastundi.
paridhi mariyu aavasalu.
doshi siklidlu madhya americaloni sarassulu mariyu pravaahaalaku chendinavi. mukhyamgaa, eee jaathi madhya america thoorpu teeramlo gwatemala nundi costa rica varaku mariyu paschima teeramlo honduras nundi panama varaku kanipistundi. doshi siklidlu kadile neetini ishtapadataayi, mariyu chaalaa tarachugaa raallu ledhaa munigina kommala roopamlo cover thoo aavasalalo kanipistaayi. costa rikaalooni doshi sicklid yokka naalugu sahaja aavasalalo, Ph 6.6-7.8 nundi unnatlu kanugonabadindi, ayithe carbonate kaatinyam (kha) 63 nundi 77 ppm varaku untundi. rojuvaaree neeti ushnograta nundi. sicklids challati neetini saapekshamgaa sahinchagalavu, ivi ettaina pradaesaalaloo agniparvata sarassulanu valasarajyaluga cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistaayi.
krooramaina janabha.
eee jaathi daani sahaja paridhi velupala kooda kanipistundi, australialo kooda kanipistundi, ikkada idhi victorialoni vidyut kendraala vecchani pravaahamlo mariyu ushnamandala queenslandlo kanipistundi. idhi paschima australialoni perthlo kooda swaadheenam cheyabadindi, ayithe eee prarambha swaadheenam kooda daani nirmuulanaku daariteesindi. australiatho paatu, eee jaathi runion, japan, mexico, columbia, taiwan mariyu americaku parichayam cheyabadindi.
tinipinchadam.
sahaja aavasalalo, eee jaatiki mokkalu, algay mariyu chinna chepalu, crustatianlu, keetakaalu mariyu purugulatho sahaa vividha aahaaraalato kuudina sarvabhakshaka aaharam undhi. chepa daani praamaanika podavulo 4.2% davadanu poduchukovacchu, idhi vaividhyamaina aaharaanni kaligi undataaniki veelu kalpistundi. takkuva saamaajika hodha mariyu sambandhita ottidi doshula siklidlalo jeernakriya paniteerunu prabhaavitam cheyavachu.
punarutpatti.
jeevita chakram.
nerasthudu sicklid 16 vaaraala vayassulo laingika paripakvataku cherukovacchu, ayithe laingika paripakvata saadhaaranamgaa 6 nelallo sambhavistundi. laingikamgaa parinati chendina doshulu ekaswamya jantalanu yerparuchukuntaru mariyu chinna guhalu ledhaa pagullu loe puttistaaru. adavilo, chepalu pedda raalla kinda nundi bhoomini kadilinchadam dwara guhalanu tavvutaayi. aadavi guha godalaku gudlu antukuntaayi.
oreochromis mosambicus" vanti chaalaa siklidla maadirigaane, doshulu gudlu mariyu free-swimming fry rendintinee santaanam (tallidandrula samrakshananu pradarsistaaru). phaladeekaranam tarvaata sumaru 72 gantala tarvaata gudlu podugutaayi. aaa samayam varaku tallidandrulu goodu chuttoo nundi chorabaatudaarulanu mariyu sambhaavya guddu maamsaahaarulanu bahishkaristaaru. avi gudlanu kooda fyaan chestaayi, oxygenationnu andinchadaaniki clutch meeda vaati rekkalatho neetini kadilistaayi. vaaru pagalu mariyu raatri rendintiloonuu gudlanu fyaan chestaaru; raatri samayamlo vaaru cheekatilo gudla unikini gurtinchadaaniki vaari vaasana bhavanni upayogistaaru, mariyu vaaru tama kati rekkalanu gudlatho sambandhamlo unchukuni, fanning kosam saraina dhooramlo untaaru. cheekatilo eee janta okarini okaru gurtinchi, vaari vasananu upayoginchi maamsaahaarulanu gurtistundi.
podigina taruvaata, larvalu tama pacchasona sanchulanu grahinchi, avi free-swimming fry kaavadaaniki mundu vaati rekkalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki maroe 72 gantalu gaduputaayi. dattamaina paatasaalalo pagatipuuta veyinchina metha mariyu raatri kosam guha ledhaa pagiliki tirigi vastundi. itara siklidla maadirigaane, tallidandrulu cheekatiki mundu tama pillalanu tirigi pondutaaru, oka samayamlo moodu ledhaa naalugu peelchukoni goodu loki pampinhee chestaaru. tallidandrulu raatrini eduru chuustaaru, samaya bhavanni upayoginchi; prayogasaala prayogaalalo nerasthulaina siklidlu masakabaarina kaanti vanti yea sanketam lenappudu kooda raatri sameepinchinappudu chinna vayassulo tirigi pondadam konasaaginchaaru. raatri samayamlo, guha ledhaa goodu diguvana veyinchina gutthi, akkada tallidandrulu vaatini abhimaanistaaru.
tallidandrulu iddaroo santaanam mamsaahaarula nundi veyinchadaaniki mariyu aakulu kadilinchadam ledhaa rekkalu tavvadam (vaari rekkalatho uparitalaanni travvadam) vanti aaharaanni andinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki pravartanalalo nimagnamai untaaru. adavilo gudlu, larva mariyu swechchagaa eetha kottagala baalura santaana samrakshana 4 nundi 6 vaaraala varaku untundi, mariyu ekkuva mandhi aadavaariki seasonku okasari matrame jarugutundi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, aakveriyaaloni aadavaru samvatsaraaniki chaalaa saarlu santaanam madhya 12 ledhaa 13 rojula chinna viraamaalato santanotpatti chestaarani, tagina raallu ledhaa ilanti uparitalaalu vaati gudlu pettadaniki andubaatulo unnanta varaku.
samyoga vyavastha.
doshi siklidlu varusa ekaswaamyaalu, kabatti janta bandhaalu kalisi oka bhoobhaganni sthaapinche mundu modata yerpadavachhu, ledhaa maga mariyu aada prati okkaroo okadaanitoe okati jatachese mundu oka bhoobhaganni pondavacchu. doshi siklidlu kooda uparitala-broading kabatti, eee bhoobhaagamlo gudla nikshepana kosam oka santanotpatti pradaesam untundi.
laingika empika.
doshi sicklids kosam laingika empikapai janabha saandrata prabhavam adhyayanam cheyabadindi. goodu saandrata ekkuvagaa unnappudu, aadavi peddavigaa undevi, idhi predation mariyu vanarula pooteeki viruddhamgaa, saandrata-aadhaarita sahacharudi praadhaanyata mariyu sambhoga pootii dwara marinta khachitamgaa vivarinchabadindi. antekakunda, rendu goodu saandrata paalanalanu oka adhika mariyu oka takkuvatho polchinappudu, iddari madhya santaana manugadalo gananeeyamaina vyatyaasam ledhu; ayithe, doshi siklidlu okadaanikokati dhooramgaa santanotpatti cheyadaaniki ishtapadataaru, daggaragaa kaadu. adhika janabha saandrata kaligina vaataavaranamloo santaanotpattiki konni itara kharchulu unnayani idhi suuchistumdi, udaaharanaku bhoobhaganni kapadetappudu perigina dookudu kaaranamgaa shakti nashtam.
maga bhagaswamy kosam aada praadhaanyata kooda maga parimaanam mariyu poraata saamardhyaaniki anugunamgaa pariseelinchabadindi. pedda magadaani pakkana chinna maga unte, mariyu pedda maga poraatamlo chinna magavaadini odiste, aada sicklid ellappuduu rendu magavaallalo peddadaanni enchukuntundi. streetho poolchadaaniki purushulanu oke samayamlo kalisi chudakapothe, streeki pratyeka praadhaanyata undadu. pedda magavaaritho sambhogam cheyadam dwara aadavaru prayojanam pondutaaru, endukante pedda magavaaru swaatantryaaniki ekkuva santaanaanni penchagalarani, santaanampai daadi cheyagala maamsaahaarulanu vembadinchadamlo merugga untaarani, mariyu santanotpatti pradaesaala kosam pootii padatamlo merugga untaarani choopabadindi. maga parimaanam dookudu yokka marinta prabhaavavantamaina suuchikagaa panichestundi, tadwara chorabaatudaarulu santaanaaniki daggarayye mundu vaarini tippikottavachu. tama prathyarthitho poliste gananeeyamgaa ekkuva parimaanamlo unna vyaktulu tarachugaa saareeraka sambandham lekunda pooraataalanu geluchukuntaarani choopabadindi.
tallidandrula paatralu.
doshi sicklids oka dwaipaakshika jaathi, kabatti tallidandrulu saadhaaranamgaa vaari santaanaanni penchetappudu vaari vyaktigata tallidandrula paatralaku nirdishtamaina panulanu nirvahinchadam dwara sahakaristaaru. idhi sicklid chepalalo sarvasaadhaaranam, mariyu adhyayanalu stree mariyu purushudi madhya samanvayaanni choopinchaayi. aadadi santhaanamtho undi, gudlanu pandinche santhaanamtho kuudina karyakalapalanu nirvahistundi, ayithe magadi chorabaatudaarulanu vembadinchadaaniki mariyu mamsaahaarula nundi rakshinchadaaniki aaa praantamloo gastee chestundi. tallidandruliddaru tallidandrula samrakshana panulannintinii kontha meraku nirvahinchagalugutaaru. ayithe, avi dwaipaakshikamgaa samrakshinchabadataayi kabatti, prati lingam ippatikee pratyekinchi oka nirdishta pravartanala samitipai drushti pedutundi, idhi santaana chakram samayamlo maaradaaniki avakaasam undhi. vaastavaaniki, sahacharulalo okarini tolaginchinappudu, tallidandrulalo evarainaa ippatikee tallidandrula pravartanalannintiki saamarthyam kaligi undatam dwara swatantramgaa santaanaanni penchagalarani gamaninchabadindi. chinna santaanam perigi, swechchagaa eetha kottadam valla, tallidandrula karyakalapalu tallidandrula madhya marinta samanamga pampinhee cheyabadataayi, idhi itara rakaala siklidlalo kooda vilakshanhamaina pravartanagaa kanipistundi.
eee dwaipaakshika laingika paatra pratyaekatanu prabhaavitam cheyagala vividha maargaalanu sahacharudi uniki mariyu gairhajaruto paatu chorabaatudaarula uniki mariyu gairhaajarunu taarumaaru cheyadam dwara adhyayanam chesaaru. modati chararaasini pariganinchaaru endukante tallidandrula paatrala pratyekata tallidandrulu iddaroo unnappudu matrame sambhavistundi, ayithe taruvaati chararaasini pariganinchaaru endukante eee siklidlalo dwaipaakshika samrakshana anedi chorabaatudaarula nundi santaanam yokka rakshana yokka parinaamaatmaka parinaamam anie bhaavistaaru. iddaru sahacharulu chorabaatudaarulu lekunda unnappudu, tallidandrulu iddaroo santhaanamtho kalisi oke tallidandrulanu pooli undavacchu, endukante prati tallidandrulu santaanaanni matrame uddesinchi matladataru, daani bhaagaswaamini kaadu, ledhaa oka parent santhaanamtho anubandhinchabadina karyakalapalapai drushti pettavacchu, ayithe itara parent gastee mariyu rakshanapai drushti pedutundi. eee vivikta paristhitulalo, tallidandrula pravartanalanu marinta samanamga panchukovadam jarugutundi. ayithe, iddaru sahacharulu unnappudu mariyu chorabaatudaarunu parichayam chesinappudu, purushudu chorabaatudaarulanu vembadinchadaaniki ekkuva samayam gaduputundi, ayithe aada santhaanamtho ekkuva untundi. chorabaatudaarudu unnappudu, conny oka parent ontarigaa unnappudu, vitantuvu maga santaanaanni gamanimpabadakundaa vadilivesi, badulugaa chorabaatudaarudu ledhaa predatorpy daadi chestaadu. anduvalla, nischayaatmakamaina vishayam emitante, aadadi lenappudu magavadu santhaanamtho arudugaa untaadu, magavadu lenappudu aada arudugaa chorabaatudaarunu edurkontundi.
santaana dattata.
doshi sicklids vistrutamaina dwaipaakshika samrakshananu chuupavachchu mariyu vaari swantha jeeva santhaanamtho poliste oke jaathi yokka saaruupya ledhaa chinna shareera parimaanamlo sambandham laeni yuvakulanu dattata teesukovachhu. balaheenapariche prabhavanni sadviniyogam chesukovadam dwara chinna pillalanu dattata teesukovadam dwara tallidandrulu prayojanam pondavacchu, idhi oka vyaktiki jantuvulanu vetade pramaadam tagginappudu endukante samuuham parimaanam peddadi. jeevasambandhamaina santaanam kante peddavigaa unde videshee yuvakulu vaariki pratyaksha dopidi muppuga undavacchani pariganinchabade maroka kaaranam. edemaina, jeevasambandhamaina santaanam abhivruddhi chendadamtho mariyu balamaina eetagaallugaa maaradamtho, tallidandrulu pedda videshee yuvakulanu tiraskarinchadamlo takkuva churukuga untaarani, conny vaaru tiraskarinchinappudu, tarachugaa videshee yuvakulu jeevasambandhamaina santaanaaniki pratyaksha muppuga bhavinchenta peddavi kaavadaaniki mundhe tiraskarinchabadatarani choopabadindi. anduvalla, santaanam dattata mariyu tiraskarana pedda dattata teesukunna siklidla nundi kakunda differential predator nundi jeeva santaanam yokka rakshanapai ekkuvagaa aadhaarapadataayani nirdhaarinchavacchu.
dookudugaa pravartinchandi.
doshi siklidlu santanotpatti chesetappudu atyanta dookudugaa mariyu praadesikamgaa untaayi, ivi vividha rakaala sanklishta pravartanalu mariyu anusaranalanu kaligi untaayi, ivi paryaavarana paristhitulu, vyaktigata abhivruddhi mariyu lakshanaala vaividhyam phalitamgaa suuchimchabaddaayi. vaari dookudu swabhaavam kaaranamgaa, siklidlu vaari pravartanaku kaaranamayye kaarakaalanu parisoedhinchadaaniki prachuryam pondaayi. doshi siklidlu saadhaaranamgaa korikadam mariyu vembadinchadam dwara vaari dookudu pravartananu pradarsistaaru, idhi chorabaatudaarunu lakshyamgaa chesukuni adhika vegamtho pelutundi mariyu vaari shareera parimaanam dwara vaari dookudunu kooda chooputundi.
ushnogratalo maarpulu mariyu mundastu nivaasam vanti paryaavarana paaraamitulu sicklid yokka praadaesika dookudunu prabhaavitam cheyavachani choopabadindi. doshi siklidlu 26 °C kii vyatiraekamgaa 30 °C vadda marinta dookudugaa untaayi, idhi doshi siklidlu tama santanotpatti pradaesaalanu erpaatu chesi 30 °C vadda puttukostaayi anae vaastavam dwara vivarinchavacchu.
aquarium samrakshana.
sahaja paryaavaranaanni anukarinchadaaniki akveriyamnu alankarinchaali mariyu santanotpatti kosam raallu mariyu krutrima guhalanu chaerchaali. oka janta doshulanu 20-gallen aquarium ledhaa anthakante peddadigaa unchaalani chaalaa mandhi nipunulu angeekaristunnaaru. eee jaathi oka utsaaharahita sarvabhakshaka jaathi mariyu chaalaa rakaala tayaaruchesina chepala aaharaalu takshaname aamodinchabadataayi. eee jaatulu jala mokkalanu kooda viniyogistaayi kabatti plaastik mokkalu ledhaa jaava fern ledhaa water sprite vanti balamaina mokkalu sifaarsu cheyabadataayi. doshi siklidlu santanotpatti samayamlo dookudugaa praadesikamgaa untaayi mariyu jantalanu ontarigaa unchadam manchidi. aquarium jaatulalo santaana samrakshana taggutundi. eee jaatula tavvakam dhorani kaaranamgaa, bahya vadapotha under gravel vadapotha vyavasthala kante merugga untundi. daani saapekshamgaa chinna parimaanam, unchadam mariyu santanotpatti soulabhyam, doshulanu praarambhakulaku mariyu adhunaatana aakveristulaku janta bandhaalu mariyu santaana samrakshananu gamaninchadaaniki aasakti unnavaariki aadarsavantamaina siklidga chestundi.
santanotpatti.
santanotpatti doshulu oke tanklo maga mariyu aadavaadini taginanta neeti naanhyata mariyu aahaaramto kaligi unnanta sulabham. pratyeka conditioning avasaram ledhu. cheralo vaari phalavantamaina santanotpatti kaaranamgaa, khaideela veyinchadaaniki chaalaa takkuva demand undhi, mariyu dattata kosam etuvanti margalu lekunda doshula santanotpatti janaabhaato vaari akveriyamnu sulabhamgaa kanugonavacchu.
tank sahacharulu.
doshi siklidlaku aadarsavantamaina tank sahacharulu balamaina saaruupya parimaanamlo unde chepalanu kaligi untaaru. atuvanti chepalalo tii-baar sicklids, honduran redd points, green terrors, jewell sicklids, salvini, jaak dempsy unnaayi (doshula praadaesika samasyalu peragadamtho idhi samasyaga maarutundani gurthunchukondi.) pictus catt fish, "plecostomus", alaage itara doshulu. pedda daani vanti vaegamgaa kadile itara chepalanu diether chepalagaa upayoginchavacchu. meeru 40-gallen ledhaa anthakante takkuva baruvunna janta doshulanu kaligi unte, meeru doshulanu yea tank sahacharulatho unchaleru anie kooda gurthunchukondi. conny mea tank sahacharulu yea rakamaina aadhipatyaanni sthaapinchinatlayithe vaaru edemaina santanotpatti chesi kalisi jeevistaaru.

