
koszalin

koszalin (gatamlo,) paschima pomeranialoni vaayuvya polandloni oka nagaram. idhi baltic samudra tiiraaniki dakshinaana undhi, mariyu dzieresinca nadhi dwara kalustundi. koszalin oka county-sthithi nagaram mariyu 1999 nundi paschima pomeranian voivodshiploni koszalin kounteeki rajadhani. gatamlo, idhi koszalin voivodshipku (1950-1998) rajadhaanigaa undedi. 2010 nundi koszalin mayer piotar zedlinsky.
charitra.
madhya yugam.
madhyayuga kaalapu goppa polland ("chronica veelkopolska") charitra prakaram 1107loe polandku chendina duke bolesla III vrimouth swaadheenam chesukuni longadeesukunna pomeranian nagarallo koszalin okati (itara pattanaalalo collobreg, camin mariyu volin unnaayi). taruvaata, 12va sataabdamloo eee praantam griffin-paalinchina pomerania duchylo bhaagamaindi, idhi polland yokka saamanta rajyam, idhi polland nundi chinna duchyluga vidipoyina taruvaata polland nundi vidipoyindi, mariyu 1185loe denmark yokka saamantamgaa mariyu 1227 nundi pavitra roman saamrajyamlo bhaagamgaa maarindi.
1214loe, pomerania duke rendava bogisla, koszalis/cosalitz anie piluvabade gramanni collobrage bhuumilooni chelmska konda dwara tregibiatov sameepamloni bialobokiloni norbertain mathaaniki viraalamgaa icchaadu. kotta, ekkuvagaa german, pomerania velupala nundi sthirapadinavaarini bhoobhaagamlo sthirapadataaniki aahvaninchaaru. 1248loe, graamamtho sahaa collobreg bhoomi yokka thoorpu bhaganni duke barnim I roman catholic dioces off kaaminku badilee chesaaru.
23 mae 1266naa, camin bishop herman vaan gleachen graamaaniki oka saasanapatram manjuru chesi, paschimam nundi german sthiranivaasulanu aakarshinchadaaniki dheeniki lubec chattam, sthaanika prabhutvam, swayampratipatti mariyu bahula adhikaaraalanu manjuru chesaaru. 1276loe bishaplu poruguna unna collobreglo saarvabhoumaadhikaaram pondinappudu, vaaru tama nivasanni akkadiki marchukunnaru, ayithe dioces paripalana koszalin nundi jarigindi. 1278loe oka systersian matham sthaapinchabadindi, idhi sthaanika parish charchi mariyu seyint charchini chusukundi. chelmska kondapai maerii chappel.
jamno graamam (1331), jamno sarassu yokka konni bhagalu, sarassu mariyu samudram madhya ummi mariyu 1353loe unicissi kotanu pondinappudu nagaram baltic samudraaniki pratyaksha pravesam pondindi. akkada nundi, idhi hansiatic leaglo sabhyudiga (1386 nundi) baltic samudra vaanijyamlo paalgondi, idhi collobreg mariyu darlovo vadda potipade odarevulato aneka sangharshanhalaku daariteesindi. 1356 nundi 1417/1422 varaku, eee nagaram duchy off pomerania-volgastlo bhaagamgaa undedi. 1446loe koszalin sameepamloni pratyarthi nagaramaina colobrezto vijayavantamaina yuddhamlo poraadaaru. 1475loe koszalin nagaram mariyu pomeranian duke bogisla X madhya vivaadam chelaregindi, phalitamgaa kosjalinlo duke apaharana mariyu taatkaalika khaidu cheyabaddaadu.
aadhunika yugam.
german valasarajyala phalitamgaa, eee pattanam ekkuvagaa german matladediga maarindi, idhi sthaanika slavic matladevarini pratikuula paristhitiloo padesindi. 1516loe sthaanika germanlu slavic matladevari nundi vastuvulanu konugolu cheyadampai nishedham vidhinchaaru. jaathi vivakshanu soochinche craft gildsku sthaanika baanisalanu angeekarinchadam kooda nishedhinchabadindi.
1531loe protestant samskaranaku maddatudaarulu, pratyarthula madhya allarlu jarigaayi. 1534loe johannes buggenhagen prabhaavamtho eee nagaram ekkuvagaa lutheranga maarindi. 1568loe, pomerania duke mariyu camin bishop ayina zaan frederic, 1582loe pomeraniaku chendina thana varasudu kasimir VI chetha puurtayina nivasanni nirminchadam praarambhinchaadu. 1637loe chivari pomeranian duke, bogisla XIV maranam taruvaata, nagaram athani bandhuvu, camin bishop ernst bogisla vaan croy kii vellindi. 1637loe muppai samvatsaraala yuddhamlo swedish dalaalu aakraminchina nagara nivaasulalo kondaru sameepamloni polandlo aasrayam pondaaru. westfalia oppandam (1648) mariyu steatin oppandam (1653) taruvaata eee nagaram brandenberg-russiaku manjuru cheyabadindi, inca marinta pomerania brandenberg pomeranialo bhaagamaindi.
ippudu prussia raajyamlo bhaagamgaa caslin gaa paeru marchabadina eee nagaram 1718loe agnipramaadamto bhaareega debbatindi, conny taruvaati samvatsaraallo punarnirminchabadindi. 1764loe ippudu nagara paridhiloo unna chelmska kondapai, pole zaan zelzevsky aneka nagara kaaryaalayaalaku sarafara chese kaagitapu millunu sthaapinchaaru. nalgava sankeerna yuddham taruvaata 1807loe french dalaalu eee nagaranni akraminchayi. nepolian yuddhaala taruvaata, idhi pomerania provinceloni firstentham jilla (county) mariyu regiurangsbezirk coslin (prabhutva praantam) laku rajadhaanigaa maarindi. 1872 septembaru 1naa firstentham jillaanu raddu chesi, december 13naa coslin jillaga marcharu. 1829 mariyu 1845 madhya, coslin (coslin) nuu steatin (sjesin) mariyu danzig (gdansk) thoo kalipe rahadari nirminchabadindi. eee rahadaarilooni kontha bhaagam, coslin (koszalin) nundi sameepamloni sianov pattanam varaku, 1833loe sumaru vanda mandhi maajee polish tirugubaatudaarulu nirminchaaru.
1871loe germany ekikarana samayamlo eee pattanam german saamrajyamlo bhaagamaindi. steatin nundi coslin mariyu stolp (slupsk) nundi danzig varaku railumargam 1858 nundi 1878 varaku nirminchabadindi. 1776loe frederic dhi grate srushtinchina sainika cadet paatasaalanu 1890loe kulm (chelmno) nundi nagaraniki marcharu.
1933loe germanylo naajii party adhikaaramloki vacchina taruvaata, nagaramlo gestapo station erpaatu cheyabadindi mariyu naajii pratyarthulanu saamuhikamgaa arrestu chesaaru. 1937loe finkenwalde (zdroze, sjjesin) loe dietrich bonhofer seminaarnu naajeela moosivesina taruvaata, bonhofer eee pattanaanni athanu chattaviruddhamgaa oppukune charchi yokka vikarlaku avagahana kalpinchadam konasaaginchina pradaesaalaloo okatigaa enchukunnadu. rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo, vehrmacht yokka vii-2 roopakalpana mariyu abhivruddhi karyakramam adhipati ayina walter dornberger aadesaala meraku srushtinchabadina "rockett dalaala" kosam modati paatasaala caslin loe undedi. naajeelu chaalaa mandhi yuddha khaideelanu, balavantapu kaarmikulanu, pradhanamgaa stambhaalanu, conny italianlu, french vaarini kooda nagaraniki teesukuvacchaaru. germanlu nagaramlo aneka balavantapu kaarmika sibiraalanu nirvahinchaaru, veetilo stallog II-bii pou shibiram yokka upa shibiram kooda undhi. yuddha samayamlo nagara janabhalo polish balavantamgaa panichese kuuliilu 10 saatam varaku unnaaru. germany nagaramlo oka jailunu kooda nirvahinchindi, eee praantamloo balavantamgaa kaarmika upa sibiraalu undevi. warsa tirugubaatunu anichivesina taruvaata, germanlu warsa nundi nagaraniki aneka stambhaala ravaanaanu teesukuvacchaaru, pradhanamgaa mahilalu mariyu pillalu.
rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata.
1945 marchi 4naa, eee nagaranni erra sainyam swaadheenam chesukundi. yuddhaanantara patsdam oppandamlo soviet union balavantamgaa chesina sarihaddu maarpula kaaranamgaa, koszalin kolukunna bhoobhagalalo bhaagamgaa polandlo bhaagamgaa maarindi. inca paariponi nagaramloni german janabha, patsdam oppandam prakaram yuddhaanantara germanyloni migilina praantaalaku bahishkarinchabaddaaru. eee nagaranni stambhaalu mariyu kashubianlu tirigi sthiraparichaaru, veerilo chaalaa mandhi soviet luu swaadheenam chesukunna polish bhuubhaagam nundi bahishkarinchabaddaaru.
1945 marchi natiki maajee balavantamgaa panichese kaarmikulu, yuddha khaideelatoo kuudina polish pooliisu vibhagam sthaapinchabadindi, ayithe, ippatikee nagaramlo unna soviet luu eprillo sthaanika paarisraamika karmagaralanu dochukunnaru. 1945 mae nundi, naasanam cheyabadina nagaramlo jeevitam nirvahinchabadutondi, modati yuddhaanantara paatasaalalu, dukaanaalu mariyu seva praamganaalu sthaapinchabaddaayi. 1946loe, modati praja grandhaalayaanni praarambhinchaaru, dheeni director taruvaata polish jaateeya heero whitled pailekki sodari maria pailekka. marchi 1946loe, communist vyatiraeka home armi 5va vilno brigade kosjalinlo churukuga undhi. 1947 joolailo soviet sainyam yokka chivari unitlu kosjalinnu vidichipetti, appati nundi nagaramlo polish dalaalu matrame moharinchabaddaayi. 1953loe kosjalinlo oka sthaanika radeo station sthaapinchabadindi.
modatlo, koslin polish paschima pomeraniaku modati yuddhaanantara praantiiya rajadhani, paripalana chivaraku fibravari 1946loe sjesinku maaradaaniki mundu, aaa taruvaata eee praantaaniki sjesin voyodospatip anie paeru pettaru. 1950loe eee voyodospation kattirinchina sjesin voyodospatip mariyu koszalin voyodospeshipga vibhajinchaaru. polandlo vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna nagaramgaa maaradam valla konnisaarlu middle pomerania anie piluvabade vistarinchina koszalin voyodospeshku koszalin rajadhaanigaa undedi. samvatsaraalalo idhi chinna koszalin voyododspeshku rajadhaanigaa undedi. sthaanika prabhutva punarvyavastheekarana chattam (1998) phalitamgaa, koszalin paschima pomeranian voyododshiplo (janavari 1,1999 nundi amaluloki) bhaagamgaa maarindi, maajee koszalin voyododshiplo (1950-75) sumaruga vistarinchi unna kotta madhya pomeranian voyododshipku sambandhinchina munupati pratipaadanatoe sambandham lekunda.
1991loe, pope zaan paal II kosjalinnu sandarsinchaaru. ayana paryatana aidava vaarshikotsavam sandarbhamgaa, nagara madhyalo ayana smaaraka chihnanni aavishkarinchaaru.
mailuraallu.
eee nagaram chelmska konda (Келмссса) paie sarihaddulugaa undhi, idhi puurva charitralo anyamata aaraadhanaku oka pradaesam, mariyu dheeni meeda ippudu 1991loe pope zaan paal II chetha pavitram cheyabadina "odambadika abhayaaranyam" tower nirminchabadindi, prastutam idhi oka teerthayaatra pradaesam. eee kondapai oka pariseelana gopuram kooda undhi. abhayaaranyam pravesadvaaram vadda 1831 naati polish november tirugubaatudaarulaku ankitam cheyabadina oka smaaraka chihnam undhi, vaaru prashyan adhikaarulache khaidu cheyabaddaaru, koszalinnu sameepamloni sianovto anusandhaaninche rahadaarini nirminchaaru.
koszalin yokka atyanta vilakshanhamaina mylurayi gothik seyint. maerii cathedral, 14va sataabdam praarambhaaniki chendinadi. cathedral mundu zaan paal II nagara sandarsananu gurtuchese smaaraka chihnam undhi.
itara nagara mailuraallalo pomerania dukes park ("park xizat pomorskitch"), koszalin museum, pradhana tapala karyalayam, 16va sataabdapu vivaha rajabhavanam mariyu samskruti kendram 105 ("") unnaayi.
eee nagaramlo polish jaateeya veerulaku ankitam cheyabadina smaaraka chihnalu kooda unnaih joseph pilsudsky, vladisla anders, kazimierz pulaski, vladisla sikorsky, alaage 19va sataabdapu polish kavulu cyprian norwid mariyu aadam mikiviz smaaraka chihnalu.
vaataavaranam.
vaataavaranam konni thematho kuudina khandantara lakshanaalatoo ("dii. eff. bii") samudram (coppen "sii. eff. bii"), saadhaaranamgaa 0°sii. isothermnu upayoginchinatlayithe (adhe vargeekarana kosam) vargeekarinchabadutundi. paschima pomeranialo mariyu baltic samudraaniki sameepamlo unnanduna, idhi itara pedda polish nagaraala kante chaalaa mitamaina vaataavaranaanni kaligi undhi. vesavi kaalam vecchagaa untundi mariyu dakshinaana unnatlugaa aacharanatmakamgaa eppuduu vaedigaa undadu mariyu sheethaakaalam tarachugaa eshaanya mariyu thoorpu kante mitamgaa untundi, ayinappatikee ippatikee challaga untundi, ayinappatikee idhi paschima airopa vale teelikagaa undadu. janavari mariyu fibravarilo gaddakatte sthaanam kante takkuva rojuvaaree sagatulu kanipistaayi, ayithe vesavilo avi 15 mariyu 16 masim madhya untaayi, saapekshamgaa challaga untaayi. sagatu vaarshika varshapaatam 704 mimi, idhi samvatsaramlo pampinhee cheyabadutundi. desamloni atyanta suuryarashmi nagarallo koszalin okati.
janta pattanaalu-sodari nagaralu.
koszalin eee krindi vaatitho jantagaa untundih

