
african calvinism

african calvinism () anedi aafrikanla madhya saamskrutika mariyu mataparamaina abhivruddhi, idhi padihedava sataabdapu calvinist siddhaantam yokka amsaalanu baibil aadhaaramgaa "enchukunna prajala" bhaavajaalamto militam chesindi. yoodulu ennukoobadina prajalu anae paatha nibandhanalo samarthinchabadina aalochanalalo idhi muulaalanu kaligi undhi.
eee bhavana nundi prerana pondina goppa trekk kosam boyarlu gumigudi, itara dakshinaafrikaa jaathi samuuhaalaku tama adheenaanni chattabaddham cheyadaaniki dheenini upayoginchaarani aneka aadhunika adhyayanalu vaadinchaayi. idhi aadhunika african jaateeyavaadaaniki mataparamaina punaadini andinchindani bhaavistunnaaru. rendava boer yuddham yokka badhanu edurkone varaku african samaajamlo calvinism mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchaleedani asammati panditulu nokki chepparu. prarambha sthiranivaasulu vivikta sarihaddu paristhitulalo nivasinchaaru mariyu vyavastheekruta matam kante nakilee-kraistava jeevavaada nammakalaku chaalaa daggaragaa jeevinchaaru.
nepathyam.
dakshinaafrikaalo tellajati sthaavaraalu 1652loe dutch eest india company, indoneshiyaaku velle daani noukalu mariyu sibbandiki sarafara mariyu refreshment station erpaatu cheyaalani koorutuu, manchi aasha yokka cape vadda vachinatlu gurtinchabadindi. amsterdamloni daani pradhana karyalayam nundi, company sibbandini niyaminchindi mariyu orient kosam sannaddhamaina prayaanaalanu chesindi. daani dutch udyogulalo ekkuva mandhi protestant kaalvinistulu, veeru eee praantamlooni janabhalo ekkuva mandhi, itara protestantlu lutheran germanlu, scandinavianlu mariyu fraanslo mataparamaina himsa nundi paaripoyina aneka french huguenat saranaarthulu. vaari african vaarasulalo, "doppers" vanti vyaktigata mataparamaina sanghaalu nederduits gereformirde kerk (dutch samskarinchina charchi) thoo vibhedaalalo tama sonta siddhaantaanni sthaapinchadaaniki prasiddhi chendaayi. pantommidava sataabdam chivari natiki, gereformirde kerk yokka vaerpaatuvaada charchilu dakshinaafrikaalo abhivruddhi chendaayi.
sthirapadina kaalam.
cape off good hope yokka dutch sthaavaram dakshinaafrikaalo modati valasa vijayam. sthaavaram mariyu sthaanika janabha madhya vaanijyam kosam company kathinamaina niyamaalanu erpaatu chesindi. oka company nirvahakudu matrame aafrikanla madhya vaanijyam ledhaa kraistava missionary kaaryakalaapaalaku adhikaram ivvagaladu. sthiranivaasulu pasuvulanu dongilinchadam ledhaa kalchadam nishedhinchabadindi, ivi aafrikanlaku sampada mariyu sthirathvam yokka oka roopam. aafrikanla acharalu, dustulu mariyu roopaalalo thedaalu chuusi prarambha europeanlu aascharyapoyaaru. sthaanikulu naramamsa bhakshakulani tappudu pukaarlu anavasaramaina sambandhaanni nivaarinche uddesyaanni balopetam chesaayi. cape oka godalatho kuudina thota, bayata africa mariyu lopala eurup undhi. eee kathinamaina kramam prarambha sthaavaraala kaalamlo aafrikanlatho sangharshanhalanu tagginchindi.
conny chaalaa mandhi sthiranivaasulu taamu european samskruti yokka aadhipatyaanni vyaapti cheyadamlo bhaagamgaa missionary uddesyamto vachamani vishwasinchaaru. eee amsaalu sthaanika khoisan janabhanu kaarmikulu mariyu sevakulagaa panicheyadaaniki oppandam kudurchukune sthiranivaasula abhyaasaaniki dohadapaddayi. aaa yajamani/sevakudi sambandhamlo, europeanlu sevakudi kutumbam dwara sandesam tirigi filter avtundani (european jeevana vidhanam yokka aadhipatyam yokka nivedikalato paatu) aaa aasatoe baibilnu vaariki bodhistaaru, tadwara marpidi jarugutundi.
pattanaala bhouthika godala velupala nivasinche raitulu pattana prajala kante sthaanikulatho bhinnamaina erpaatlanu kaligi undevaaru. vaariki, vrutti antey yajamanyam, mariyu yajamanyam anedi vaari aastini rakshinche hakkunu suuchistumdi. vaaru cape chuttoo unna aakraminchani bhoobhagalalo sthirapadinappudu, vaaru chepala nadini daati vyavasaya bhuubhaagaallooki vellae vetagallu ledhaa pasuvula pempakam tegalaku vyatiraekamgaa yajamanyam mariyu daani hakkula gurinchi tama oohalanu amalu chesaaru. sthiranivaasulu polaalanu bhoomipai tellajati, nallajati nivaasitula madhya vibhajana pattanaalaku minchina vistaranagaa bhaavinchaaru.
africa manassulo dandayaatra mariyu vijayam kosam vibhajana mariyu marpidi niyamaalu chaalaa praarambhamlo vyatirekinchabaddaayi. mariyu, eee saamraajyavaada vyatiraekata dutch samskarinchina charchilo abhivruddhi chendina missionary baadhyata siddhaantaaniki kooda vistarinchindih pillalaku vaari tallidandrulu mariyu kutumbam suvaartanu bodhistunnanduna, daivika providence dwara charchiki ketaayinchina prabhava paridhiloo devuni rajyam perugutundi. sthaanikulu suvaartanu sweekarinchadam mariyu vaari pillalaku bodhinchadam devudu taginadani bhaavisthe, appudu idhi ayana mahima. aaa disagaa, kraistavulaku devuni nundi icchina nirvachinche paatra, devuni prajalugaa pilupu ledhaa odambadika baadhyata, vishwaasamlo mariyu anyamataalato vaari vyavaharalalo tamanu taamu swachchamgaa unchukovadam mariyu tritva devuni paerita chattabaddhamgaa paerkonabadina vaati rakshanalo puurtigaa longani paatra untundi.
jaanapada matam.
aafrikanlalo abhivruddhi chendina "coll" anae vilakshanhamaina bhavananu ardham chesukovadaniki eee charitra avasaram. chaalaa mundugaane sweekarinchina eee vaikharulu, taruvaati sangharshanhala dwara vaaritho paatu vellaayi, vaariki, spashtamgaa devuni chethitho roopondinchinatlu anipinche vidhamgaa erpaddaayi. devuni ghnaanam mariyu poeshanha kaaranamgaa taamu samrakshinchabaddaamani vaaru vishwasinchaaru. vaaru anubhavinchina baadha, daaniki pratispandanagaa vaaru yerparachina balamaina bandhaalu, prati malupulo eee aalochananu dhruvikarinchinatlu anipinchindi. oka prajagaa vaari charitra boer matam erpaatulo kendra sthaanaanni kaligi undhi. eee vidhamgaa, oka vilakshanhamaina jaanapada paatra vaari calvinistic nammakaalato mudipadi undhi.
eee jaanapada matam adhikaarika paddhatiloo vyakteekarinchabadaledu. aafrikanla anubhavam, vaari sampoorna saarvabhouma srushtikarta mariyu vaari prabhuvu oka nirdishta prajagaa tamaku pratyeka daya choopinchaarani vaaru tama haamii dwara ardham chesukunnaru.
jaateeyavaadam.
ayithe, french viplavam eee aalochanaa alavaatlanu marinta sweeya spruhatho uparitalampaiki teesukuvacchindi. janavari 1794loe france united praavinsula republickpy daadi chesindi, stadtholder inglaandku paaripoyaadu mariyu teevramaina aardhika ibbandullo unna united eest india company aastulanu chusukovadaniki thana naavikaadalaanni pampamani british vaarini koraadu, dheenilo ataniki bhaarii vataa undhi. british vaaru 1795loe cape off good hopnu chusukuni, 1802loe ameans shanti taruvaata daanini tirigi batavian republicu appaginchaaru. daadaapu okatinnara samvatsaraala paatu, ghnaanoodayam aalochanalanu johnsense mariyu dii must prothsahinchaaru, charchi prabhutvamlo maarpulatoe sahaa. 1806loe, british vaaru sontamgaa manchi aasha yokka kepnu tirigi swaadheenam chesukuni, akkada ghnaanoodayam yokka utsaahabharitamaina prachaarakulaina british nirvaahakulanu niyaminchaaru. vaaru vaanijyam mariyu kaarmika nibandhanalanu sadalinchaaru, nallajaateeyulanu kalankam laeni sahaja aatmalanu vaaru mecchukuntunnatlu prakatinchaaru. 1833loe british prabhutvam british saamraajyamloni konni praantaallo baanisatvaanni nishedhinchindi, 1834loe cape kaalaneelo amalu cheyabadindi. vaaru nallajaateeyulanu samaanulu anie pilicharu, tella bhuswamulapai daavaalo kortulaku pravesam icchaaru. mariyu, vaaru annintikante minchi tama swantha swayampratipatti gala kaaranaanni vishwasistunnatlu prakatinchaaru.
british ghnaanoodayam modatisaarigaa aafrikanlatho kalisi unnanduna, inthakante viruddhamaina sandesaanni oohinchalemu. boer drukkonam nundi, ghnaanoodayam phalitamgaa videshee shakti vaaripai paalinchindi, videshee chattalu mariyu videshee bhashalanu vidhinchindi, vaari baanisalanu pariharam lekunda vimukti chesindi mariyu dutch matladevari kante inglish matladevari prayojanaalanu unchindi. vaaru ghnaanoodayam pondaaru, adhi vaari devuniki mariyu jeevana vidhaanaaniki vyatiraekamgaa vacchina viplavamgaa vaariki kanipinchindi.
boer mariyu cape calvinistula madhya vibhedaalu.
goppa trekk samayamlo, chaalaa mandhi prajalu, ekkuvagaa cape kaalanee yokka thoorpu bhaagam nundi, uttaraana, british kaalaneela adhikaarula niyantranalo laeni praantaalaku vellaaru. cape dutch samskarinchina charchini trekkarlu cape prabhutvaaniki agentga bhaavinchinanduna, vaaru daani mantrulu mariyu raayabaarulanu kooda viswasinchaledu, vaatini raajakeeya niyantrananu tirigi pondadaaniki cape prabhutvam chesina prayatnaalugaa chuusaaru. trekking chesevaarilo mataparamaina vibhajanalu kooda undevi. netherlands nundi mantri ayina dirk vaan derr haaph 1853loe transwalku velli, 1856loe erpadina netherduitsh hervormde kerklo mantri ayyadu, 1860loe cape charchi nundi vaerugaa unna dakshinaafrikaa republic yokka rashtra charchiga gurtinchabadindi.
intalo, netherlandslo, dutch rashtra charchi kooda ghnaanoodayam dwara roopaantaram chendindi, dheenini vyatirekinchina vaari manassulalo praatinidhyam vahinchina maarpu, vayojana charchi sabhyulaku avasaramaina edainaa ardhavantamaina vishwaasa vruttini kolpovadam, mariyu shlokaalu padatam (keertanalato paatu) mariyu aaradhana mariyu siddhaantamlo itara aavishkaranalu. netherlandslo baibil vishwaasam yokka eee grahinchina vichchinnataku pratispandanagaa oka udyamam perigindi. dheenini uffshiding anie pilicheevaaru, dheenilo rev. hendrick dii coque 1834loe groningenloni ulramlo rashtra charchi nundi tananu taanu vaeru chesukunnadu. prabhutva charchi nundi vaeru cheyani vaari maddatugala, dakshina aafrikaalo prasiddhi chendina gilloum groen vaan prinsterer vanti, rivil ("awakening") anae udyamam kooda undhi. chaalaa kaalam taruvaata dolenti anie piluvabade maroka vibhedaala nayakudu abraham kuypar aafrikanlaku suparichitudu kavadam praarambhinchaadu. ghnaanoodayam, vaaru pilichina "viplavam" nuu teevramgaa vimarsinchina charchilooni dowlanteeki vidyalo mariyu rajakeeyaalalo sahacharulu unnaaru. eee prabhavam yokka samayam gananeeyamgaa undhi, idhi suvaarta punaruddharana yokka alala sikharam meeda vachindi, dakshinaafrikaalo scottish bodhakudu andrew murre netrutvamloni dutch samskarinchabadina charchilo punaruddharinchabadindi. chivariki aafrikanlaku analochita jaateeyavaada suukshmabaedhamtoe mogina dolenti ninaadam, "vibhajana balam".
doppers.
dakshina aafrikaaloni dutch samskarinchina charchilo, marinta sampradaayavaada party (doppers anie pilustaaru) charchilo konni shlokaalanu padatanni vyatirekinchindi. vaaru netherlandsloni afzesheiden gereformirde kerknu tamaku mantrini andinchaalani koraru. rev. dirk postma 1858loe jwol nundi dakshinaafrikaa republicu vachindi, mariyu hervormde kerk mantrigaa angeekarinchabaddaadu, conny athanu mariyu athani samajam shlokaalu padavalasi untundani telusukunnappudu (keertanalaku badulugaa), athanu mariyu doppers, sumaru 300 mandhi peddalu, veerilo dakshinaafrikaa republic adhyakshudu paal krugger unnaaru, fibravari 1859loe rustenberglo gereformareday kerknu erpaatu cheyadaaniki rashtra charchi nundi vidipoyaaru. aaa vidhamgaa ippudu dakshinaafrikaalo moodu dutch charchilu unnaayi-africanar nederduits gereformareday kerk (cape sinode), boer nederduits hervormde kerk, idhi dakshina africa yokka rashtram, mariyu rework yokka athi chinna charchi, idhi african republic yokka charchi, mariyu rework yokka moodu reverk, netrutvamlo. postma.
dopper" anae asalu avamaanakaramaina paeru, kovvottulu mariyu aaraadhanalo itara aavishkaranalanu vyatirekinchinanduku dutch "" domp "" ("" wick-snoofers "") nundi raavacchu, bahusha ghnaanoodayam patla vaari tiraskaaraanni suuchistumdi; ledhaa, "" dopper "" dutch "" dop "" (mariyu anduvalla "" tagubotulu "") nundi udbhavinchi undavacchu, bahusha chinna, vyaktigata communion kappulaku vaari balamaina vyatiraekata kaaranamgaa ".
dopperla vaerpaatuvaadam, vaari siddhaantam yokka teevrata, vaari aaradhana yokka kathinamaina puritanism mariyu vaari vilakshanhamaina dustulu mariyu prasangamlo kooda vyakteekarinchabadindi, vaarini european prabhaavaaniki puurtigaa viruddhamgaa unchindi. ayinappatikee, dopperlu dakshinaafrikaalo aanglamlo anni vishayaalaku pratighatanaku chihnamgaa undevi, mariyu vaati chinna parimaanam mariyu vilakshanhata unnappatikee, vaaru goppa trekk samayamlo mariyu taruvaata saamskrutikamgaa adhunaatanamainavi mariyu asamanamga prabhaavavantamgaa undevaaru. dopper charchi potchefstroom vishwavidyaalayaanni sthaapinchindi.
goppa trekk taruvaata udbhavinchina boer republiclaku puritanical boer samajanni nirvahinchadaaniki samagra tatvasaastram avasaram. sankshipta british vileenam taruvaata tirigi swaatantryam pondina taruvaata dakshinaafrikaa republic yokka modati adhyakshudu paal krugger, calvinistic suutraalanu daani raajakeeya roopamlo sweekarinchaaru mariyu baibilloni izrael prajala maadirigaa kakunda, devuni nundi pratyeka pilupu undani wortreckers nammakam aadhaaramgaa "saamskrutika aadesam" nuu roopondinchaaru. bangaaram, vajraala pralobhaaniki guraina videshee valasadaarula saamuuhika sthaavaraala dwara transvalloki pravahistunna quitlander samskruti yokka grahinchina pravaahaaniki vyatiraekamgaa dopperlu medho yuddham chesaaru.
african broader baand.
boer yuddhalu chaalaa mandhi aafrikanlanu puurtigaa niraasrayulanu chesaayi. yuddham taruvaata vandalaadi mandhi raitulu rahadaarulapai varusalo padi butta dwara utpattulanu vikrayinchadam kanipinchindi. naalugu dakshinaafrikaa kaalaneelu dakshinaafrikaa unionlo rajakeeyamgaa ekam ayyi, prajaasvaamya ennikalaku niyantrananu vadulukunna taruvaata, african broaderband anie piluvabade yuva medhaavula chinna, anamaka samuuham, rendava aanglo-boyer yuddham taruvaata samvatsaraalalo "paedha swethajaatheeyulu" mariyu itara african prayojanaala yokka adhika saamaajika samasyanu parishkarinchadaaniki vyuuhaalanu charchinchadaaniki erpadindi. rahasya samsthalo asantruptulaina class ventor mariyu hendrick stoker prakaram, 1927loe broaderband, appati poraata samuuha naayakatvaanni paatasaala chepattaalani koorutuu, patchefstroom vishwavidhyaalayaaniki vellaaru. aaa samvatsaram, brotherband abraham kuypar rachana aadhaaramgaa calvinist tatvaanni adhikarikamga sweekarinchaaru. vishwaasam yokka vivarana dwara tama gatam tamaku andinchinadi saamraajyavaada vyatiraekata, sweeya-kramasikshana mariyu baadhyata yokka namuunaa anie, idhi chivariki nallajaateeyulu, rangu mariyu swetajaateeyulandarikee-communist moesaaniki vyatiraekamgaa nyayanni kaapaadutundani, sodarulu lothaina nammakamtho vishwasinchaaru. broaderband nundi udbhavinchina eee vyuuhaalu 1948loe varnavivaksha sthaapanaku neerugaa baadhyata vahinchaayi.
1960loe sharpville oochakotha taruvaata, apaaramaina antarjaateeya ottidilo, broaderband vaari vidhana pratipaadanalanu nemmadigaa mariyu nissabdamgaa tirigi pariseelinchadam praarambhinchindi. inca 1976loe soveto allarlu jarige varaku varnavivaksha vyavasthanu samskarinchadaaniki gananeeyamaina maarpulu jaragaledu. kontakaalam tarvaata, broader baand varnavivakshanu maarchaleni vaiphalyamgaa prakatinchindi mariyu daanini tolaginche panini praarambhinchindi. african prajalu, bhasha mariyu matam manugada saaginchaalante, vaaru lager nundi bayatapadataaniki chorava teesukoovaali mariyu dakshinaafrikaanu ahvaninchali anae nammakam chivaraku sthaapinchabadindi, ayithe vishwavyaaptamgaa kaadu. broaderband (gopyata vidhananni tolaginchi, "africanband" anae kotta paerutoe) bhuu samskarana mariyu varnavivakshanu tiragadaaniki choravalanu pratipaadinchadam praarambhinchindi.
samuulamaina maarpulu.
varnavivaksha tirogamanam netherduits gereformirde kerk (ngk) nuu maarpu kaalamloki nettindi. oppukolugaa calvinistga unnappatikee, charchi yokka mataparamaina swabhaavam ippudu takkuva samanvayamgaa mariyu anchanaa veyadam marinta kashtam. varnavivakshato puurtigaa kalisinanduna, chaaritraka calvinism anukuulamgaa laenatlu kanipistundi. marxist siddhaantamaina varga pooraatamtoe kraistavatvaanni punaruddarinchadaaniki prayatninche vimukti vedaantasaastram, konni vargalalo pattu saadhinchi, raajakeeya varnapatam yokka edama mariyu kudi chivaralanu samarthinchinatlu kanipistundi. american-shaili suvaartavaadam mariyu arminianism kooda chochukupoyinatlugaa kanipistaayi, idhi marinta vyaktigata praadhaanyatatoo puurti sthaayi poura mataaniki takkuva sambhaavyatanu kaligi undhi. khachitamgaa velladaina mariyu sahaja vedaantasaastram yokka paatha samslaeshanha ekkuvagaa tiraskarinchabadindi; kaneesam adhikarikamga. conny, aafrikanla jaanapada matam chanipoledu. kontamandi panditulu, punarvimarsavaada charitrakaarulu calvinism, aafrikanla charitra, mukhyamgaa varnavivaksha paalana yokka poura matam madhya thedaanu geeyadaaniki prayatnistunnaaru.
1985loe aafrikanlalo 92 saatam mandhi samskarinchabadina charchilalo sabhyulu. 2013 chivari natiki, eee sankhya 40 saataaniki padipoyindi, ayithe samskarinchabadina charchila vaastava varapu charchi haajaru sumaru 25 saatamgaa anchanaa veyabadindi.
nedu, chaalaa mandhi aafrikanlu aakarshanheeyamaina mariyu pentecostal charchilalo tama aadhyaatmika gruhalanu kanugonnaru.