
jaateeya gaganatala vyavastha

jaateeya gaganatala vyavastha (nas) anedi samyukta raashtraala gaganatalam, navigation soukaryaalu mariyu vimaanaasrayaalu, vaati anubandha samacharam, sevalu, niyamaalu, nibandhanalu, vidhanalu, vidhanalu, sibbandi mariyu parikaraalatoe paatu. indulo sainyamtho samyuktamgaa panchukune bhagalu untaayi. idhi prapanchamlooni atyanta sanklishtamaina vimanayana vyavasthalalo okati, mariyu united states mariyu prapanchamlooni mahasamudralalo pedda bhagalalo vimaana prayaanaaniki sevalu andistundi.
samstha.
nasika nadhi gundaa oka vimanam saadhaaranamgaa vimaanaasrayamloo praarambhamai mugustundi, idhi niyantrinchabadavachhu (tower dwara) ledhaa aniyantritamgaa untundi. bayaludere samayaniki, federal aviation administration (faa) nirvahinche aaru taragatula gaganatalamlo aidugurilo okadaanilo vimanam untundi, mariyu prati taragatiki ververu vimaana niyamaalu vartistaayi. gaganatalam mariyu vimaana paristhitula taragatini batti, kantrolarlatho communication avasaram kaavacchu ledhaa undakapovachhu. prati vimananni nadapadam ellappuduu command loe unna pilate baadhyata, conny air traaphik controllerlu avasaramaina vidhamgaa sequencing mariyu bhadrata kosam suuchanalu istaaru. niyantrita vimanam gaalilo prayaaninchinappudu, vimaanaasrayam niyantrinchabadithe, takeoff cheyadaaniki adhikaram icchina tower controller nundi niyantrana paas avutundi. tadupari dasha saadhaaranamgaa terminal radar aproach controll ledhaa tracon, dheenini "aproach" ledhaa "departure" gaa gurtinchavacchu.
trackenla dwara nirvahinche rangaala madhya 18,000 adugula kante ekkuva ettulo unna 20 parisara praantaalu unnaayi, prati okkati radiolo saadhaaranamgaa "center" anie piluvabade air ruut traaphik controll center (artisisi) dwara nirvahinchabadutundi. oka vimanam daani gamyasthaanaaniki sameepamlo dige varaku oka kendram nundi maroka kendraaniki appaginchabadutundi, niyantrana gamyasthaanaaniki sevalandistunna trackenku badilee cheyabadutundi mariyu chivariki vimaanaasrayaaniki sevalu andinche tower controllerku badilee cheyabadutundi. konni vimaanaasrayaala chuttoo tracken undadu, kabatti niyantrana neerugaa kendraaniki ledhaa nundi velutundi, mariyu konni vimanalu taginanta takkuvagaa mariyu takkuvagaa untaayi, niyantrana eppuduu kendraaniki pampakunda okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva trackenlalo unchabadutundi.
sumaru 14,500 air traaphik controllerlu, 4,500 aviation safety inspectorlu mariyu 5,800 mandhi saanketika nipunulu naasaaku sevalanu nirvahistunnaaru. indulo 19,000 kii paiga vimaanaasrayaalu mariyu 600 air traaphik controll soukaryaalu unnaayi. mottam 41,000 nas kaaryaacharana soukaryaalu unnaayi. adanamgaa, radar vyavasthala nundi communication rile stationla varaku 71,000 kii paiga parikaraalu unnaayi. pratiroojuu sagatuna 50,000 vimanalu nas sevalanu upayogistaayi.
abhivruddhi.
 nas next zen anie piluvabade kotta vyavasthaku maarutondi, idhi gps upagraha-aadhaarita navigation vyavasthalatho kuudina vimaanaala radar kaani nighani nirantaram nivedistundi. vimanalu sameepamloni itarula prasaara sthaanaanni kooda andukuntaayi, idhi bhadratanu meruguparustundi. eee vyavastha pailatlanu marinta khachitamaina mariyu samarthavanthamaina landing maargaalanu upayoginchadaaniki, samayam mariyu indhanaanni aadaa cheyadaaniki kooda anumatistundi. next zen nuu dasalavaareegaa mukkaluga chestunnaru.
juun 2018loe, nassa 36 adugula podavu 66 adugula (11 x 20 meterlu) sainika rahita enque-9 predatornu modatisaarigaa nasalo etuvanti chaze aircraft lekunda mariyu armstrang flight research center nundi niyantrinchabadi, maanavarahita vimaana karyakalapala vaipu eguravesindi.
gaganatala vargeekarana.
yuu loe.ess., gaganatalam a, b, c, d, e mariyu g taragatulanu kaligi untundi. nasalo niyantrita mariyu aniyantrita gaganatalam rendoo unnaayi.
taragati eah praarambhamavutundi mariyu 18,000 adugulu kaligi untundi. msl mariyu 60,000 adugula varaku konasaagutundi. emm. ess. ell. idhi atyanta niyantrita gaganatalam mariyu yea rakamaina vimananni eguravesina, oka pilate oka instrument flight rating mariyu saraina clearancenu teesukellaali. saraina ettulo vaeru cheyadaaniki gaganatalamloni pailatlandarikee oke readings undela chuudataaniki pailatlu tama altimeter settingulanu 29.92 inhg kii marchukovali.
class bii gaganatalam uparitalam nundi 10,000 adugula varaku vistarinchi undhi. agal mariyu atyanta raddiigaa unde vimaanaasrayaala paina mariyu chuttupakkala praantam (udhaa.zii., lakes, miah, siviji) mariyu idhi kooda bhaareega niyantrinchabadutundi. class bii gaganatalam yokka side view oka talakrindulugaa unna vivaha cake nuu pooli untundi, moodu poralu paie vaipu peddavigaa marutayi. taragati bii yokka poralu avi kappabadina vimaanaasrayam yokka avasaralanu teerchadaaniki vyaktigatamgaa roopondinchabaddaayi. bii taragati gaganatalamloki pravesinchadaaniki pailatlu kooda anumati pondaali, ayithe taragati gaganatalamlo kakunda drushya vimaana niyamaalanu upayoginchavacchu. class bii gaganatalam gatamlo terminal controll area ledhaa tii. sii. eah. anie piluvabade praantaaniki anugunamgaa untundi.
class sii gaganatalam uparitalam nundi 4,000 adugula varaku cherukuntundi. daani chuttoo unna vimaanaasrayam paina unna agni. kaaryaacharana niyantrana tower unna vimaanaasrayaalapai matrame class sii gaganatalam undhi, radar aproach controll dwara sevalu andinchabadataayi mariyu nirdishta sankhyalo parikaraala vimaana karyakalapalanu kaligi untaayi. class sii kooda vimaanaasrayaala kosam vyaktigatamgaa roopondinchabadindi, conny saadhaaranamgaa vimaanaasrayam chuttoo 1,200 adugula agli varaku 5 natical mailla uparitala vaisaalyaanni kaligi untundi. 1, 200 adugula ettulo. gaganatalam 10 natical mailla vyaasam varaku vistarinchi undhi, idhi 4,000 adugula varaku konasaagutundi. vaimanika dalaaniki chendina pailatlu gaganatalamloki pravesinche mundu aaa praantaaniki vaayu traaphik niyantrana sevalanu andinche etisi sadupaayamtho dwaipaakshika radeo communicationlanu erpaatu cheyali. sii taragatilo, vijuval mariyu instrument pailatlu vaeru cheyabadataayi.
taragati dii gaganatalam uparitalam nundi 2,500 adugula varaku undhi. vimaanaasrayam paina unna oka vimanam. class dii gaganatalam vimaanaasrayaala chuttoo kaaryaacharana niyantrana tower matrame untundi. vimaanaasrayam yokka avasaralanu teerchadaaniki class dii gaganatalam kooda roopondinchabadindi. vaimanika dalaaniki chendina pailatlu gaganatalamloki pravesinche mundu air traaphik controll sevalanu andinche etisi sadupaayamtho dwaipaakshika radeo communicationlanu erpaatu chesi nirvahinchaalsi untundi. drushya vimaana suuchananu upayoginche pailatlu gaganatalamlo saanukuula vibhajana seva lenanduna traaphik kosam apramattamgaa undaali. eee gaganatalam dadapuga munupati vimaanaasraya traaphik praantaaniki anugunamgaa untundi.
class ii gaganatalam anedi eah, bii, sii mariyu dii taragatula madhya unna gaganatalam. taragati ii antarleena gaganatalam yokka uparitalam ledhaa paikappu nundi vistarinchi, paie niyantrita gaganatalam yokka naela vadda mugustundi. terminal nundi maarga sthithiki maare vimaanaalaku class ii undhi. niyantrita gaganatalamlo egarakunda parikara pailatlu eah. tii. sii niyantranalo undataaniki idhi oka praantamgaa kooda undhi. drushya vimaana paristhitulalo, class ii nii aniyantrita gaganatalam gaa pariganinchavacchu.
kaaryaacharana niyantrana towerlu laeni vimaanaasrayaalu aniyantrita vaimanika sthaavaraalu. eee praantaalalo pailatlu sthaanam mariyu vibhajanaku baadhyata vahistaaru mariyu aaa vimaanaasrayam kosam nirdishta saadhaarana traaphik advisory frequency (ctaf) ledhaa unicomnu upayoginchavacchu, ayithe radeo laeni vimananni kooda anumatincharu.
class zii gaganatalam anedi uparitalam nundi 700 ledhaa 1,200 adugula varaku vistarinchi unna aniyantrita gaganatalam. agl anedi eguva taragati ii yokka neelanu batti ledhaa eah taragati yokka neelanu batti untundi, ikkada eah paina taragati ii ledhu. aniyantrita vimaanaasrayam sameepamlo, aaa vimaanaasrayam kosam sii. tii. eah. eff. nuu pailatla madhya radeo communication kosam upayogistaaru. maarumuula praantaalalo multicom vanti itara pounahpunyaalu upayoginchabadataayi. yea towerlu ledhaa vimaanamlo niyantrana sevalu andinchabadavu, ayithe naslo bhaagam kaani vimaana seva kendraalato communicationlu erpaatu cheyabadavachhu mariyu artisisi nundi salaha seva andubaatulo undavacchu.

