
chinna pregu

chinna pregu ledhaa chinna pregu anedi jeernasayaantara pregulaloni oka avayavam, ikkada aaharam nundi poeshakaala shoshana ekkuvagaa jarugutundi. idhi kadupu mariyu pedda pregu madhya untundi, mariyu jeernakriyalo sahaayapadataaniki pancreatic duct dwara pittam mariyu pancreatic rasaanni pondutundi. chinna pregu podavainadi mariyu pottikadupulo saripoyela chaalaa saarlu madatapedutundi. idhi pedda pregu kante podavugaa unnappatikee, idhi vyaasamlo irukainadi kabatti dheenini chinna pregu anie pilustaaru.
chinna pregu moodu vibhina praantaalanu kaligi untundi-duodenum, jejunam mariyu iliyam. villi anie piluvabade chinna vaelu lanty protressionla dwara shoshana kosam tayari praarambhamayye chota dudenum, athi chinnadi. jejunam anedi enterocytes dwara daani lining dwara shoshanaku pratyekamainadih gatamlo duodenamloni enjaimla dwara jeernamaina chinna poeshaka kanaalu. iliyam yokka pradhana pani vitamin bii12, pitta lavanaalu mariyu jeejunam dwara grahinchabadani jeerna utpattulanu grahinchadam.
nirmaanam.
parimaanam.
chinna pregu yokka podavu chaalaa varaku maaravacchu, chinna nundi podavaina varaku, upayoginchina kolata saanketikatanu batti kooda. jeevinchi unna vyaktilo saadhaarana podavu. vyakti entha ettugaa untado, podavu elaa kolustaaru anae rendintipai podavu aadharapadi untundi. podavaina vyaktulu saadhaaranamgaa podavaina chinna pregunu kaligi untaaru mariyu kolatalu saadhaaranamgaa maranam taruvaata mariyu pregu khaliga unnappudu ekkuva untaayi.
idhi garbhadhaarana vayassu 35 vaaraala tarvaata navjata sisuvulalo sumaru vyaasamlo mariyu peddalalo vyaasamlo untundi. pottikadupu ex-raelapai, vyaasam 3 centimeters kante ekkuvagaa unnappudu chinna pregu asadhaaranamgaa vistarinchinatlu pariganinchabadutundi. siti scanlalo, 2.5 centimeters kante ekkuva vyaasam asadhaaranamgaa vistarinchinatlugaa pariganinchabadutundi. madatalu, villie mariyu microville valla kalige perugudala kaaranamgaa maanava chinna pregu shleshmam yokka uparitala praantam sagatuna untundi.
bhagalu.
chinna pregu moodu nirmaanaatmaka bhagaluga vibhajinchabadindi.
jejunam mariyu iliyam pottikadupu kuharamlo macentary dwara velaadadeeyabadataayi. macentary anedi peritoniumlo bhaagam. dhamanulu, siralu, shosharasa naalaalu mariyu naraalu macentary lopala prayaanistaayi.
rakta sarafara.
chinna pregu udarakuhara trunk mariyu unnata macenteric artary nundi rakta sarafaraanu pondutundi. ivi rendoo mahadhamani saakhalu. dudenum anedi udarakuhara trunk nundi unnatamaina pancreaticodeodenal artary dwara mariyu unnatamaina macenteric artary nundi takkuva sthaayi pancreaticodedenal artary dwara raktaanni pondutundi. eee rendu dhamanulu rendoo madhyarekha mariyu anastomoselo kalise puurva mariyu prushtha saakhalanu kaligi untaayi. jejunam mariyu iliyam unnata macenteric dhamani nundi raktaanni andukuntaayi. unnata macenteric artary yokka saakhalu macentary lopala arterial arcades anie piluvabade vampula shrenini yerparustaayi, ivi aneka poralanu lothugaa kaligi undavacchu. vasa rectaga piluvabade neerugaa unde rakta naalaalu iliyam mariyu jejunamku daggaragaa unna arcadela nundi avayavalaku prayaanistaayi.
microanatomy.
chinna pregu yokka moodu vibhagalu suukshmadarshini sthaayilo okadaanikokati pooli untaayi, conny konni mukhyamaina thedaalu unnaayi. pregu yokka bhagalu eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaih
janyuvu mariyu protein vyakteekarana.
sumaru 20,000 protein coding janyuvulu maanava kanaalalo vyakteekarinchabadataayi mariyu eee janyuvulalo 70 saatam saadhaarana duodenamlo vyakteekarinchabadataayi. veetilo daadaapu 300 janyuvulu dudenumlo marinta pratyaekamgaa vyakteekarinchabadataayi, chinna pregulalo matrame chaalaa takkuva janyuvulu vyakteekarinchabadataayi. sambandhita nirdishta proteins shleshmam yokka grandhi kanaalalo vyakteekarinchabadataayi, kovvu aamlam binding protein fabp6 vantivi. chinna pregulalo marinta pratyaekamgaa vyakteekarinchabadina janyuvulu kooda duodenumlo vyakteekarinchabadataayi, udaaharanaku fabp2 mariyu difya6 protein paneth kanaala rahasya kanajaalaalo vyakteekarinchabadataayi.
abhivruddhi.
chinna pregu aadima gut tube yokka madhya pregu nundi abhivruddhi chendutundi. pinda jeevitam yokka aidava vaaram natiki, iliyam chaalaa vaegamgaa peragadam praarambhistundi, idhi praathamika pregu loop anie piluvabade yuu-aakarapu madatanu yerparustundi. loop entha vaegamgaa perugutundo adhi pottikadupunu daati pokkulu gundaa poduchuku vastundi. 10va vaaram natiki, loop tirigi pottikadupuloki tirigi vastundi. pindam mundu nundi chuusinatlugaa, aaru mariyu padhi vaaraala madhya chinna pregu apasavya disalo tirugutundi. idhi tirigi pottikadupuloki maarina tarvaata marinta 180 degreela tipputundi. eee prakriya pedda pregu yokka vakreekruta aakaraanni srushtistundi.
function.
pyloric spinkter anie piluvabade kandaram dwara kadupu nundi vachhe aaharaanni pilorus dwara duodenamloki anumatistaaru.
jeernakriya.
chaalaa varaku rasayana jeernakriya jarige pradaesam chinna pregu. chinna pregulalo panichese aneka jeerna enjaimlu clomum mariyu kaaleyam dwara sravistaayi mariyu clomum naalamu dwara chinna preguloki pravesistaayi. pittaasayam nundi pancreatic enjaimlu mariyu pittaasayamu poeshakaalu unnanduna utpatti ayye colesistokinin anae harmonku pratispandanagaa chinna pregulaloki pravesistaayi. chinna pregulalo utpatti ayye maroka harmon ayina secretin, clomum meeda adanapu prabhavalanu kaligistundi, ikkada idhi kadupu nundi vachhe haanikaramaina aamlanni thatastheekarinchadaaniki dudenamloki bicarbonate vidudalanu prothsahistundi.
jeernakriyaku vellae moodu pradhana poeshakaalu proteins, kovvulu (kovvulu) mariyu carbohydratelu
shoshana.
jeernamaina aaharam ippudu vyaapti ledhaa kriyaaseela ravana dwara pregu godaloni rakta naalaalaloki vellagalugutundi. chinna pregu anedi teesukunna aaharam nundi chaalaa poeshakaalu soshinchabade pradaesam. chinna pregu lopali goda ledhaa shleshmam, saadhaarana stambhaakaara epithelial kanajaalamtho kappabadi untundi. nirmanatmakamga, shleshmam mudatalu ledhaa vruttaakaara madatalu anie piluvabade flaplatho kappabadi untundi, ivi shleshmamlo shaashwata lakshanaalugaa pariganinchabadataayi. avi ruge nundi bhinnamgaa untaayi, ivi saasvatamgaa ledhaa tatkalikamga pariganinchabadataayi, ivi dhooram mariyu sankochaaniki anumatistaayi. vruttaakaara madatalu nundi villie ("shaagi hair" kosam latin) anie piluvabade suukshmadarshini vaelu lanty kanajaalam mukkalu. vyaktigata epithelial kanaalu microville anie piluvabade vaelu lanty anchanaalanu kooda kaligi untaayi. vruttaakaara madatalu, villie mariyu microville yokka vidhulu poeshakaala shoshana kosam andubaatulo unna uparitala vaisaalyam mottaanni penchadam mariyu pegu jantujaalaaniki cheppina poeshakaala nashtanni parimitam cheyadam.
prati villus daani uparitalaaniki daggaragaa unna kesanaalikala mariyu chakkati shosharasa naalaala netvarknu kaligi untundi. villie yokka epithelial kanaalu pregu yokka lumen nundi eee kesanaalikala (amaino aamlalu mariyu carbohydratelu) mariyu lactials (lipids) loki poeshakaalanu ravana chestaayi. soshinchabadina padaarthaalu rakta naalaala dwara sariiramlooni vividha avayavalaku ravana cheyabadataayi, akkada avi mana sariiraaniki avasaramaina proteins vanti sanklishta padaarthaalanu nirminchadaaniki upayoginchabadataayi. jeernam kaani mariyu grahinchani padaartham pedda pregulaloki velutundi.
eee krindi mukhyamaina minahaayimpulato, ekkuva poeshakaalu jejunamlo soshinchabadataayih
roganirodhaka shakti.
chinna pregu sareeram yokka roganirodhaka vyavasthaku maddatu istundi. gut flora uniki host yokka roganirodhaka vyavasthaku sanukoolamgaa dohadam chestundi.
chinna pregu yokka iliyam lopala unna peeyar patches, jeernavyavastha yokka sthaanika roganirodhaka vyavasthalo mukhyamaina bhaagam. avi shosharasa vyavasthalo bhaagam, mariyu jeernavyavasthaloni haanikaramaina bacteria ledhaa itara suukshmajeevula nundi antigenlanu namoonaga teesukoovadaaniki mariyu taruvaata roganirodhaka vyavasthaku andinchadaaniki oka pradaesaanni andistaayi.
clinical praamukhyata.
chinna pregu oka sanklishtamaina avayavam, mariyu chinna pregu yokka paniteerunu prabhaavitam chese chaalaa pedda sankhyalo paristhitulu unnaayi. vaatilo konni krinda jabita cheyabaddaayi, veetilo konni saadhaaranamainavi, 10 saatam mandhi prajalu tama jeevitamlo edho oka samayamlo prabhaavitamavutaaru, marikondaru arudugaa kanumarugavutaaru.
itara jantuvulu.
chinna pregu anni tetrapodlalo mariyu telestlalo kooda kanipistundi, ayinappatikee daani roopam mariyu podavu jaatula madhya chaalaa bhinnamgaa untaayi. teleostlalo, idhi saapekshamgaa chinnadi, saadhaaranamgaa chepala shareera podavu kante okatinnara retlu ekkuva. idhi saadhaaranamgaa aneka "pyloric seeka", daani podavutho paatu chinna parsu lanty nirmaanaalanu kaligi untundi, ivi aaharaanni jeernam cheyadaaniki avayavam yokka mottam uparitala vaisaalyaanni penchadaaniki sahaayapadataayi. teleostlalo ileokecol valve ledhu, chinna pregu mariyu pureeshanaalam madhya sarihaddu jeerna epithelium chivara dwara matrame gurtinchabadutundi.
tetrapodlalo, ileococcal valve ellappuduu untundi, peddapregulo pravesistundi. chinna pregu yokka podavu saadhaaranamgaa tetrapodlalo teleostla kante ekkuva untundi, conny mukhyamgaa saakahaarulalo, alaage ksheeradaalu mariyu pakshulalo, ivi ubhayacharaalu ledhaa sareesrupaala kante ekkuva jeevakriya retunu kaligi untaayi. chinna pregu yokka poralo anni sakasherukaalalo daani uparitala vaisaalyaanni penchadaaniki suukshma madatalu untaayi, conny ksheeradaalalo matrame ivi nijamaina villiga abhivruddhi chendutaayi.
dudenum, jejunam mariyu iliyam madhya sarihaddulu maanavulalo kooda kontavaraku aspashtamgaa untaayi, mariyu itara jantuvula shareera nirmaana saastraanni charchinchetappudu ituvanti thedaalu vismarinchabadataayi ledhaa tappanisarigaa ekapakshamgaa untaayi.
sorachepalu, sturgeonlu mariyu oopiritittula chepalu vanti telikapati kaani chepalalo chinna pregu undadu. badulugaa, pegullo jeerna bhaagam oka sarpila pregunu yerparustundi, idhi kadupunu pureeshanaalam thoo kaluputundi. eee rakamaina gut loe, pregu saapekshamgaa nitaruga untundi, conny lopali uparitalam venta oka deergha madata untundi, konnisaarlu dozenla koddi malupulu. eee valve uparitala vaisaalyam mariyu pregu yokka samarthavanthamaina podavu rendintinee baga penchutundi. sarpila pregu yokka pora teleosts mariyu mammalian kaani tetrapodlalo chinna pregu maadirigaane untundi.
deepaalalo, sarpila kavaatam chaalaa chinnadi, bahusha vaari aahaaraaniki takkuva jeernakriya avasaram. hugg fishku spiral valve assalu undadu, pregu yokka daadaapu mottam podavuku jeernakriya jarugutundi, idhi vividha praantalugaa upavibhajana cheyabadadu.
samajam mariyu samskruti.
saampradaaya chainees vaidyamlo, chinna pregu oka yang avayavam.

