
organophosphate vishaprayogam

organophosphate vishaprayogam anedi organophosphates (opes) kaaranamgaa vishaprayogam. organophosphatelanu purugumandulu, mandulu mariyu naraala agentluga upayogistaaru. lalajalam mariyu kanneeti utpatti peragadam, atisaaram, vaantulu, chinna pilli, chemata pattadam, kandaraala prakampanalu mariyu gandaragolam vantivi lakshanaalalo unnaayi. lakshanaalu praarambhamayyevi tarachugaa nimishala nundi gantala vyavadhilo undagaa, konni lakshanaalu kanipinchadaaniki vaaralu pattavacchu. lakshanaalu rojula nundi vaaraala varaku undavacchu.
organophosphate vishaprayogam anedi abhivruddhi chendutunna prapanchamlooni vyavasaya praantaalalo aatmahatya prayatnamgaa mariyu pramaadavasaattu takkuvagaa sambhavistundi. traagatam, aavirilo swaasa teesukovadam ledhaa charmam bahirgatam cheyadam valla bahirgatam kaavacchu. antarleena yantraamgamlo acetylcholinesterase (noppi) nirodham untundi, idhi sareeramlo acetylcholine (aak) erpadataaniki daariteestundi. roganirdhaarana saadhaaranamgaa lakshanaalapai aadharapadi untundi mariyu raktamlo butyrilcolinesterestere charyanu kolavadam dwara nirdhaarinchavacchu. carbamate vishaprayogam kooda idhe vidhamgaa undavacchu.
nivaarana prayatnaalalo chaalaa vishapuurita rakaala organophosphatelanu nishedhinchadam untundi. purugumandulato panichese vaarilo rakshana dustulanu upayoginchadam mariyu intiki velle mundu snanam cheyadam kooda upayogakaramgaa untundi. organophosphate vishaprayogam unnavaarilo atropin, prolydoxim mariyu diazepam vanti oximelu praathamika chikitsalu. oxygen mariyu intravenous dravaala vanti saadhaarana charyalu kooda sifaarsu cheyabadataayi. kriyaaseela boggu ledhaa itara maargaalato kadupunu krimisamhaaraka cheyadaaniki chesina prayatnaalu upayogakaramgaa levani choopabadindi. vishapuurita vyakti vishapuuritam avadanni aarogya samrakshana kaarmikulu chusukovadam anae saiddhaantika pramaadam unnappatikee, pramaadam yokka sthaayi chaalaa takkuvagaa kanipistundi.
prapanchavyaaptamgaa vishaprayogaaniki atyanta saadhaarana kaaranaalalo opes okati. samvatsaraaniki daadaapu 3 millionla vishaprayogaalu jarugutaayi, phalitamgaa rendu laksala maranaalu sambhavistaayi. vishaprayogam valla 15 saatam mandhi maranistunnaru. organophosphate vishaprayogam kaneesam 1962 nundi nivedinchabadindi.
sankethaalu mariyu lakshanaalu.
organophosphate vishaprayogam yokka lakshanaalu kandaraala balaheenata, alasata, kandaraala timmiri, faasikyulaeshan mariyu pakshavaatam. itara lakshanaalalo adhika raktapotu mariyu hypoglycemia unnaayi.
kendra naadii vyavasthalo nicotinic acetylcholine graahakaala atigaa prerepinchadam, aach perukupovadam valla, aandolana, talanoppi, muurchalu, ataxia, swaasa mariyu prasarana yokka maandyam, prakampanalu, saadhaarana balaheenata mariyu sambhaavya coma erpadataayi. mascarinic acetylcholine graahakaala vadda adanapu acetylcholine kaaranamgaa mascarinic atigaa prerepinchadam vyaktamainappudu, drushya aatamkaalu, chaatiiloo bigutu, brancoconstriction kaaranamgaa swaasalo guraka, perigina swaasanaala sraavaalu, perigina lalajalam, lacrimation, chemata, peristalsis mariyu mootravisarjana vanti lakshanaalu sambhavinchavachhu.
mascarinic grahakaalapai organophosphate vishaprayogam yokka prabhavalanu ghnaapaka burada (lalajalam, lacrimation, mootravisarjana, malavisarjan, jeernasayaantara chalanasheelata, emessis, myosis) upayoginchi gurtuchesukuntaru, adanapu ghnaapakasakti gandaragolalu myosis, mootravisarjana, virechanaalu, diaphoresis, lacrimation, excitation mariyu lalajalam.
lakshanaalu prarambhamavadam mariyu teevrata, teevramaina ledhaa deerghakaalikamainavi, nirdishta rasayanalu, bahirgatam ayye maargam (charmam, oopiritittulu ledhaa zii. ii. maargam), motaadu mariyu pone1 enjaim sthaayi prabhaavitam chese sammelanaanni ksheeninche vyakti saamardhyampai aadharapadi untundi.
punarutpatti prabhavalu.
purushulu mariyu streelaku santanotpatti, perugudala mariyu abhivruddhilo konni punarutpatti prabhavalu pratyaekamgaa purugumandula bahirgatamto mudipadi unnaayi. graameena praantaallo purugumandulu mariyu purugumandulato panichese raitulapai punarutpatti prabhavalapai chaalaa parisoedhanalu jarigaayi. ope purugumandulaku guraina magavaariki, takkuva veerya parimaanam mariyu saatam chalanaseelatato paatu skhalanam prati veerya gananalo taggudalatoe sahaa, paelavamaina veeryam mariyu veerya naanhyata kanipinchindi. streelalo ruthu chakram aatamkaalu, ekkuva kaalam garbham dharinchadam, aakasmika garbhasravalu, mrutha jananaalu mariyu santhaanamlo konni abhivruddhi prabhavalu opp purugumandula bahirgatamto mudipadi unnaayi. prasavapurva bahirgatam pindam perugudala mariyu abhivruddhilo lopamtho mudipadi undhi. sisuvulu mariyu pillalapai aapshannu bahirgatam cheyadam valla kalige prabhavalu prastutam oka nischayaatmaka nirdhaaranaku raavadaaniki parisoedhanaloo unnaayi.
garbhinii tallulalo aapshannu bahirgatam chesina rujuvulu pindamlo aneka aarogya prabhaavaalato mudipadi untaayi. eee prabhavalalo konni aalasyamaina manasika abhivruddhi, vistruta abhivruddhi rugmata (pii. dii. dii), mastishka uparitalamlo padanirmaana asaadhaaranatalu.
neurotoxic prabhavalu.
neurotoxic prabhavalu maanavulalo naalugu neurotoxic prabhavalanu kaliginche opp purugumandulato vishapuuritam cheyabadatam thoo kooda mudipadi unnaih colinergic syndrome, intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-prerita aalasyamaina polyneuropathy (opidipi), mariyu chronic organophosphate-prerita neurocychiatric desorder (copind). eee syndromelu teevramaina mariyu deerghakaalikamgaa opi purugumandulaku guraina taruvaata erpadataayi.
colinergic syndrome anedi opp purugumandulato teevramaina vishapuurita charyalalo sambhavistundi mariyu noppi karyakalapala sthaayilatho neerugaa sambandham kaligi untundi. myosis, chemata, lacrimation, jeernasayaantara lakshanaalu, swaasakosha samasyalu, swaasa aadakapovadam, hridaya spandana raetu mandaginchadam, sinosis, vaantulu, atisaaram, nidrapovadamlo ibbandi, alaage itara lakshanaalu lakshanaalu. eee kendra prabhaavaalato paatu chivaraku muurchalu, muurchalu, coma, swaasakosha vaiphalyam chudavachu. vyakti vishaprayogam modati roeju manugada saaginchinatlayithe, dookudu pravartana, manasika bhagalu, ghnaapakasakti mariyu shraddhaku aatamkaalu mariyu itara aalasyamaina prabhaavaalato paatu vyaktitva maarpulu sambhavinchavachhu. maranam sambhavinchinappudu, idhi saadhaaranamgaa swaasakosha kandaraala pakshavaatam mariyu swaasakriyaku kaaranamayye kendra naadii vyavastha yokka maandyam kaaranamgaa swaasakosha vaiphalyam kaaranamgaa untundi. colinergic syndrome dwara prabhaavitamaina vyaktulaku, atropin sulfatenu aaksaimto kalipi teevramaina opp vishaprayogam yokka prabhavalanu edurkovadaniki upayogistaaru. muurchalu ledhaa kandaraala tantuvulu modalavithe konnisaarlu diazepam kooda ivvabadutundi.
colinergic sankshobham mugimpu mariyu opidpi prarambham madhya viramamlo intermediate syndrome (ims) kanipistundi. imsto sambandham unna lakshanaalu bahirgatam ayina 24 mariyu 96 gantala madhya vyaktamavutaayi. imsto sambandham unna khachitamaina kaaranaala shaastram, sanghatana mariyu pramaada karakalu baga ardham kaaledu, conny ims anedi naraala kandaraala koodalla rugmatagaa gurtinchabadindi. oka vyakti noppiki sudeerghamaina mariyu teevramaina nirodham kaligi unnappudu ims sambhavistundi. idhi parathion, methyl parathion mariyu dichloroves vanti nirdishta operation purugumandulato mudipadi undhi. rogulu saadhaaranamgaa mukham, meda vanguta mariyu swaasakosha kandaraalalo perugutunna balaheenatatoo untaaru.
opdp anedi swalpa saatam kesulalo sambhavistundi, daadaapu rendu vaaraala tarvaata, ikkada taatkaalika pakshavaatam sambhavistundi. paridheeya naraalu mariyu vennupamu yokka paniteeru mariyu ataxia yokka eee nashtam opidpi yokka drugvishayam. rendu kaallaloo noppi modalavagaane, lakshanaalu 3 nundi 6 nelala varaku marinta digajaarutuu untaayi. atyanta teevramaina kesulalo quadriplegia gamaninchabadindi. chikitsa indriya naraalanu matrame prabhaavitam chestundi, saasvatamgaa paniteerunu kolpoye motaru neuronlanu kaadu. paridheeya naraalalo 70 saataaniki paiga kriyaatmaka nte yokka vruddhaapyam mariyu phosphorylation anedi opidipilo palgone prakriyalalo okati. opp poisoning kosam praamaanika chikitsalu opidipiki asamarthamgaa untaayi.
copined colinergic lakshanaalu lekunda sambhavistundi mariyu noppi nirodham nundi swatantramgaa untundi. coppined aalasyamtho kanipistundi mariyu deerghakaalikamgaa untundi. kopindto sambandham unna lakshanaalalo abhignaa lotu, manasika sthithi maarpulu, swayampratipatti panicheyakapovadam, paridheeya naralavyadhi mariyu extrapromidal lakshanaalu unnaayi. coppined yokka antarleena vidhanalu nirnayinchabadaledu, conny deerghakaalika bahirgatam ledhaa teevramaina bahirgatam tarvaata opp purugumandulanu upasamharinchukovadam oka karakamga undavacchani oohinchabadindi.
garbham daalchadam.
garbhadhaarana samayamlo mariyu prasavaanantara kaalam praarambhamlo ope purugumandulaku gurikaavadaaniki aadharalu jantuvulalo, mukhyamgaa elukalalo naraala abhivruddhi prabhaavaalato mudipadi unnaayi. garbhaasayamlo chlorypyriphoseku guraina jantuvulu samatulyata taggadam, paelavamaina kondalanu nivaarinchadam, chalanasheelata taggadam, chittadavi paniteerulo jaapyam mariyu nadaka asaadhaaranatalanu penchaayi. purugumandula yokka naraala abhivruddhi prabhaavaalaku mundastu garbhadhaarana anedi oka klishtamaina kaalamgaa nammutaaru. opes pindaala colinergic vyavasthanu prabhaavitam chestundi, kabatti medadu abhivruddhi yokka klishtamaina samayaallo chlorpyriphoseku gurikavadam valla jantuvulalo cellular, synaptic mariyu neuro behavioural asaadhaaranatalu sambhavinchavachhu. methyl parathion kuu guraina elukalalo, medadu yokka anni praantaalalo noppi karyakalapalu taggayani mariyu locomotor karyakalapalu mariyu panjaram yokka balaheenamaina aavirbhavam vanti pravartanalalo suukshmamaina maarpulanu adhyayanalu kanugonnayi. organophosphatelu mottam avayavaala podavu taggadam, thala chuttukolata mariyu elukalalo prasavaanantara baruvu peruguta yokka nemmadigaa unde retlatho mudipadi unnaayi.
cancer.
organophosphate bahirgatam cancer pramaadaanni penchutundani international agency pharr research aann cancer (iarc) kanugondi. tetrachlorvinfos mariyu parathion "bahusha carcinogenic", malathion mariyu diagenon gaa vargeekarinchabaddaayi.
kaaranam.
ope purugumandulaku gurikavadam anedi peelchadam, teesukovadam mariyu charma samparkam dwara jarugutundi. gaali mariyu kaantiki gurainappudu operation purugumandulu twaragaa ksheenistaayi kabatti, avi viniyogadaarulaku saapekshamgaa surakshitamgaa pariganinchabaddaayi. ayithe, aapil avasheshaalu pandlu mariyu kooragaayalapaine undipovachhu. konni pantalapai upayogam kosam konni operation purugumandulu nishedhinchabaddaayi, udaaharanaku, methyl parathion konni pantalapai upayogam nishedhinchabadindi mariyu itarulapai anumatinchabadindi. sarin mariyu tabun vanti naraala agentlanu upayoginchi uddeshapoorvakamgaa vishaprayogam cheyadam dwara kooda idhi sambhavinchavachhu.
udaaharanalu.
paina perkonna organophosphatelalo deenikainaa gurikavadam anedi peelchadam, charmam shoshana mariyu teesukovadam dwara sambhavinchavachhu, saadhaaranamgaa opp herbyside ledhaa krimisamhaaraka mandutho chikitsa cheyabadina aaharam. eee rasaayanaalaku bahirgatam prabhutva bhavanalu, paatasaalalu, nivaasa praantaalu mariyu vyavasaya praantaalalo sambhavinchavachhu. chlorpyriphos mariyu malathion punarutpatti prabhavalu, neurotoxicity, moothrapindaalu/kaaleya nashtam mariyu puttukatho vachhe lopalatho mudipadi unnaayi. dichloroves punarutpatti prabhavalu, neurotoxicity mariyu moothrapindaalu/kaaleya nashtamtho kooda mudipadi undhi. idhi saadhyamayye cancer karakamga kooda gurtinchabadindi.
pathophysiology.
organophosphate vishaprayogamtho sambandham unna aarogya prabhavalu sariiramlooni vividha naraalu mariyu graahakaala vadda unde adanapu acetylcholine (aak) phalitamgaa untaayi endukante acetylcholinesterase nirodhinchabadindi. motaru naraala vadda aach perukupovadam valla neuromuscular junction vadda nicotinic vyakteekarana atigaa prerepinchabadutundi. swayampratipatti gala ganglia synapses vadda aach perukupoyinappudu idhi parasympathetic naadii vyavasthalo mascarinic vyakteekarananu atigaa prerepistundi.
organophosphatelu tirigi marchalenivi mariyu pootii laenivi acetylcholinesterasenu nirodhistaayi, noppipai serin hydroxyl avasheshaalanu phosphorylate cheyadam dwara vishanni kaligistaayi, idhi noppini nishkriyam chestundi. naraala paniteeruku noppi chaalaa keelakam, kabatti acetylcholine perukupovadaniki kaaranamayye eee enjaim nirodham, kandaraala athi uddeepanaku daariteestundi. idhi colinergic synapses antataa aatamkaalanu kaligistundi mariyu chaalaa nemmadigaa matrame tirigi sakriyam cheyabadutundi. paravoxones (pone1) anedi opp vishapuuritataloo palgone keelaka enjaim mariyu opp exposure patla jeevi yokka sunnitatvaanni nirnayinchadamlo keelakamainadigaa kanugonabadindi.
pone1 jalavisleshana dwara konni aapsnu nishkriyam cheyagaladu. pone1 chlorypyriphos auxon mariyu diazexon vanti aneka opp purugumandulalo, alaage soman, sarin mariyu vx vanti naraala agentlalo kriyaaseela jeevakriyanu jalavisleshanam chestundi. pone1 jeevakriyanu jalavisleshanam chestundi, purugumandula yokka muula sammelanaalu kaadu. pone1 polymorphisms undatam valla eee esterase yokka vividha enjaim sthaayilu mariyu utpreraka saamarthyam erpadataayi, idhi vividha vyaktulu opp exposure yokka vishapuurita prabhaavaaniki ekkuvagaa gurayye avakaasam undani suuchistumdi. adhika sthaayi pone1 plasma hydrolytic charya opp purugumandula nundi ekkuva rakshananu andistundi. kundelu seeram nundi suddhi chesina pone1 thoo inject cheyabadina elukalu niyantrana elukala kante teevramaina colinergic charyaku ekkuva nirodhakatanu kaligi untaayi. elukalalo pone1 naakavutlu chlorpyriphos vanti purugumandula vishapuuritataku marinta sunnitamgaa unnatlu kanugonabadindi. ops yokka vishapuuritatanu niyantrinchadamlo pone1 mukhyamaina paatra pooshistundagaa, daani rakshana yokka sthaayi sammelanampai aadharapadi untundani janthu prayogaalu suuchistunnaayi (i.ii. chlorpyriphos auxon ledhaa diazexon). pome1 vishapuurita aapsnu ksheeninchagala utpreraka saamarthyam, pome1 jeeviki entha rakshananu andinchagalado nirnayistundi. pone1 yokka saandrata entha ekkuvagaa unte antha merugaina rakshana andinchabadutundi. navjata sisuvulalo pone1 charya chaalaa takkuvagaa untundi, kabatti navjata sisuvulu opp exposureku marinta sunnitamgaa untaaru. 2006loe, peddalalo pone1 sthaayilalo 13 retlu varaku vaividhyam kanipinchindi, alaage, mukhyamgaa diazexon patla sunnitatvaaniki sambandhinchi, navjata sisuvulu mariyu latino tallula samuuhamloo 26 mariyu 14 retlu varaku vaividhyam nivedinchabadindi. vividha ops patla maanavula sunnitatvaanni nirnayinche enjaim sthaayila yokka vaividhyamlo eee vistruta shreni marinta parisoedhana cheyabadutondi.
rooga nirdhaarana.
organophosphate vishaprayogam kosam bahirgatam mariyu prarambha jeeva prabhavalanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki aneka kolatalu unnaayi. raktam mariyu moothram rendintiloonuu opp metabolites kolatalu oka vyakti organophosphatelaku gurayyada anie nirnayinchadaaniki upayoginchavacchu. mukhyamgaa raktamlo, plasmalo butyrilcolinesterestere (buche) charya, neuropathy lymphocyteslo esterase (nte) nuu lakshyamgaa chesukovadam mariyu erra rakta kanaalalo acetylcholinesterase (noppi) charya vanti colinesterase yokka gvakriyalu. noppi mariyu buche rendoo organophosphatela pradhana lakshyalu kabatti, vaati kolata oka aapku gurikavadanni suuchimchadaaniki vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadutundi. eee rakamaina rooga nirdhaaranapai pradhana parimiti emitante, noppi ledhaa buche nirodhinchabade sthaayini batti, noppi ledhaa buche nirodhinchabadataayi; anduvalla, raktam mariyu moothramlo jeevakriya yokka kolata vishaniki yea opp agent kaaranamo paerkonadu. ayithe, vegavantamaina prarambha pareeksha kosam, raktamlo noppi mariyu buche karyakalapalanu nirnayinchadam anedi opp poisoning nirdhaarananu nirdhaarinchadaaniki atyanta vistrutamgaa upayoginche vidhanalu. atyanta vistrutamgaa upayoginche portable pariksha parikaram test-mait chae feeled test, idhi raktamlo erra rakta kanaalu (arbisi), noppi mariyu plasma (suudoe) colinesterase (pce) sthaayilanu sumaru naalugu nimishaallo nirnayinchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi. eee pareeksha saadhaarana prayogasaala pareeksha vale prabhaavavantamgaa unnatlu niroopinchabadindi mariyu eee kaaranamgaa, rojuvaaree purugumandulato panichese vyaktulu portable chae feeled pareekshanu tarachugaa upayogistaaru.
chikitsa.
opp vishaprayogaaniki prastuta virugudu mandulu carbametlatho mundastu chikitsanu kaligi untaayi, idhi opp sammelanaala dwara noppini nirodhinchadam nundi rakshinchadaaniki mariyu anty-colinergic aushadhaalato post-exposure chikitsalanu kaligi untundi. anty-colinergic mandulu adanapu acetylcholine prabhavalanu edurkovadaniki mariyu noppini tirigi sakriyam cheyadaaniki panicheestaayi. atropinnu prolydoxim ledhaa itara pyridinium aaksaimlato (trimedoxim ledhaa obidoxim vantivi) kalipi viruguduga upayoginchavacchu, ayinappatikee kaneesam rendu meta-vislaeshanhalaloo "-oxims" vadakam valla etuvanti prayojanam ledani ledhaa hanikaram anie kanugonabadindi. atropin oka mascarinic virodhi, tadwara acetylcholine charyanu paridheeyamgaa nirodhistundi. eee virugudu mandulu opp poisoning nundi praanaantakatanu nivaarinchadamlo prabhaavavantamgaa untaayi, conny prastuta chikitsalo post-exposure asamarthatha, paniteeru lopaalu ledhaa medadu saasvatamgaa debbatinakunda nirodhinche saamarthyam ledhu. atropin yokka samarthatha baga sthirapadinappatikee, prolidoximtho clinical anubhavam opp poisoning chikitsalo daani samarthatha gurinchi vistrutamaina sandehaaniki daariteesindi.
enjaim bioscovengerlu vaari saareeraka lakshyalanu cherukovadaniki mariyu vishapuurita prabhavalu sambhavinchakundaa nirodhinchadaaniki mundu atyanta vishapuurita aapsnu vaeru cheyadaaniki mundastu chikitsagaa abhivruddhi cheyabadutunnayi. collinesterase (chess) thoo, mukhyamgaa human seeram bche (habse) thoo gananeeyamaina purogati saadhinchaaru. soman, sarin, tabun mariyu vx vanti naraala agentlaku habbche vistruta shreni rakshananu andinchagaladu. hub maanava prasarana vyavasthalo chaalaa kaalam nilupudala samayanni kooda kaligi untundi mariyu idhi maanava muulam nundi vachinanduna idhi etuvanti vyatiraeka roganirodhaka pratispandanalanu utpatti cheyadu. opp naraala agent vishaprayogaaniki vyatiraekamgaa rakshana niyamaavalilo chaerchadaaniki prastutam habshe anchanaa veyabadutondi. prastutam sarin exposure chikitsaku pone1 upayoginche avakaasam undhi, ayithe daani utpreraka saamarthyaanni penchadaaniki recombinant pone1 vaeriyantlanu modata utpatti cheyalsi untundi.
parisoedhana cheyabadutunna maroka sambhaavya chikitsa moodava taragati anty-arithamic agents. kanajaalam yokka hypercalemia anedi opp poisoning thoo sambandham unna lakshanaalalo okati. hridaya vishapuuritataku daariteese cellular prakriyalu baga ardham kaanappatikee, potassium current chaanellu indulo paalgontaayani nammutaaru. moodava taragati anty-arithamic agentlu hridaya kanaalalo potassium pora pravahalanu nirodhistaayi, idhi vaatini opp poisoning chikitsaku abhyardhigaa chestundi.
organophosphate vishaprayogam unna vyaktiki chikitsa cheyadaaniki plasma alcolinisation upayoginchadaaniki maddatu ivvadaaniki taginanta aadharalu laevu.
epidemiology.
organophosphate purugumandulu prapanchavyaaptamgaa vishaprayogaaniki pradhana kaaranaalalo okati, vyavasaya kaarmikulalo vishaprayogam yokka vaarshika sanghatanalu prati deshaaniki 3-10% nundi maarutuu untaayi.
charitra.
allam jake.
1930la nishedha yugamlo america dakshina mariyu madhyapaschimamlo vaelaadi mandhi purushulu "aushadha" alkahal pratyaamnaayam taagina tarvaata cheyi mariyu kaalu balaheenata mariyu noppini abhivruddhi chesinappudu opidon yokka adbhutamaina udaaharana sambhavinchindi. ginger jake" anie piluvabade eee paaneeyamlo trai-ortho-cressil fasfate (tocp) kaligi unna kaltee jamaikan allam saram undhi, dheeni phalitamgaa paakshikamgaa reversible neurologic nashtam jarigindi. eee nashtam phalitamgaa aaa kaalamlooni blues sangeetamlo tarachugaa upayoginche padaalu "jake legg" ledhaa "jake vaak" anae padaalu vangi untaayi. airopa mariyu moraco rendoo varusaga kalushitamaina garbhasravalu mariyu vanta noone nundi tii. oo. sii. pii vishaprayogam vyaaptini anubhavinchaayi.
gulph waar syndrome.
deerghakaalika bahula lakshanaala anaarogyaalu unna pertian gulph yuddha anubhavagnulalo kanipinche naraala asaadhaaranatalanu organophosphate rasayana naraala agentla yuddhakaala kalayikalaku gurikaavadamtoe parisoedhana mudipettayi. antakumundu, anubhavagnulaku manasika aadhaarita rugmata ledhaa niraasa undani, bahusha post traumatic stress desorder (ptsd) undani nammutaaru. sarin mariyu soman vanti naraala vayuvu agentla nundi rakshinchadaaniki chaalaa mandhi anubhavagnulaku pyridostigmine bromide (pibi) maatralu ivvabaddaayi. yuddha samayamlo anubhavagnulu organophosphate purugumandulu mariyu naraala agentla kalayikaku gurayyaru, ivi deerghakaalika organophosphate-prerita aalasyamaina polyneuropathy (opidipi) syndromtho sambandham unna lakshanaalanu utpatti chesaayi. chlorypyriphos vanti organophosphatela dwara teevramgaa vishapuuritam ayina vruttiparamaina paristhitulalo unna vyaktulalo anubhavagnulalo kanipinche saaruupya lakshanaalu adhe lakshanaalu. anubhavagnulu medho mariyu vidya saamarthyaalu, saadhaarana chalana naipunyaalu, ghnaapakasakti lopam mariyu balaheenamaina bhavodvega paniteerulo lopaalanu anubhavinchaarani adhyayanalu kanugonnayi. eee lakshanaalu medadu debbatinadaanni suuchistaayi, maanasikamgaa aadhaarita rugmata kaadu.
samajam mariyu samskruti.
united states.
1988loe federal krimisamhaaraka, sileendhranaashaka mariyu elukanaasaka chattam (fifra) kuu chesina savarana prakaram, yuu.ess. paryaavarana parirakshana samstha (epa) organophosphate purugumandulanu niyantristundi, dheeni drushti modatlo aahara pantalapai upayogam kosam purugumandulanu namodu cheyadampai undedi. epa registration kosam tayaareedaaru yokka darakhaastunu sameekshinchi, utpattini upayoginchadam prajalaku ledhaa paryaavaranaaniki asamanjasamaina pramaadaanni kaliginchadani nirnayinche mundu united stateslo etuvanti purugumandulanu vikrayinchalemu. 1996loe, aahara naanhyata rakshana chattam aamodinchadamto, pillala vishayamlo nirdishta pariseelanatoo ippatike unna anni purugumandula sahanam gurinchi epa tirigi anchanaa veyaalani congress korindi. dheeni phalitamgaa organophosphatelatho praarambhinchi, anni purugumandula yokka aarogyam mariyu paryaavarana prabhaavaala gurinchi 10 samvatsaraala sameeksha prakriya jarigindi. aaa prakriyaloo bhaagamgaa, 1999loe epa organophosphate purugumandulu methyl parathion vadakanni nishedhinchindi mariyu "pillala aaharam" anie piliche maroka opp, azinfos methyl vaadakampai gananeeyamaina aankshalanu prakatinchindi. 2006loe sameeksha prakriya mugisindi mariyu purugumandula yokka vaelaadi itara upayogaalanu tolaginchindi ledhaa savarinchindi. organophosphates pramaadaala nundi pillalanu rakshinchadaaniki itara chattaparamaina charyalu teesukobaddaayi.
aneka prabhutvetara mariyu parisoedhanaa samuuhaalu, alaage epa inspector general karyalayam, parisoedhananu abhivruddhi chese praantamaina pindam mariyu pillalanu abhivruddhi cheyadampai saadhyamayye neurotoxic prabhavalanu sameeksha parigananaloki teesukoledani aandolana vyaktam chesaayi. oig nivedika. pramukha epa saastravettala brundam pradhana nirvahakudu stephen jaansanku oka lekha pampi, sameeksha prakriyaloo abhivruddhi neurotoxicity dayta lekapovadam gurinchi khandinchindi. kotta adhyayanalu konni "klishtamaina kalalalo" jeevulanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki vishapuuritam anie gatamlo haani kaligistundani anumaaninchina vaati kante chaalaa takkuva motaadulo choopinchaayi.
vijayavantamgaa aamodinchina aankshalu kooda vivadaspadamga unnaayi. udaaharanaku, 1999loe epa gruhaalalo chlorpyriphos vadakanni parimitam chesindi (vaanijyaparamgaa durban anae paerutoe). ayithe, epa vyavasaayamlo daani viniyogaanni parimitam cheyaledu. chlorpyriphos atyanta vistrutamgaa upayoginche purugumandulalo okatigaa migilipoyindi. idhi tvaralo maaravacchu. 2013 fibravari 8naa, chikitsa chesina pantala nundi chlorpyriphos yokka asthirata nundi pillalu mariyu itara prekshakulaku sambhavinche sambhaavya pramaadaala praathamika moolyaankanampai vyaakhyaaninchamani epa abhyardhinchindi.
balaheena samuuhaalu.
kontamandi janabha purugumandula vishaprayogaaniki ekkuvagaa guravutaaru. samyukta rashtraalalo, vyavasaya kaarmikulu pratyaksha spray, drift, chindatam, suddhi chesina pantalu ledhaa mattitho pratyaksha sambandham ledhaa lopabhuishta ledhaa tappipoyina rakshana parikaraala dwara bahirgatam kaavacchu. valasa kaarmikulu deerghakaalika bahirgatam ayye pramaadam ekkuvagaa undavacchu, endukante perugutunna kaalamlo, vaaru bahula polaallo pani cheyavachu, tadwara purugumandulaku gurikavadam perugutundi. marinta shaashwata sthaanaalalo unna vyavasaya kaarmikulu kaalaanuguna vyavasaya kaarmikulu ledhaa pagati kuuliila kante ekkuva bhadrata sikshana mariyu/ledhaa marinta sthiramaina bhadrata pravartanala balopetanni pondavacchu."valasa vyavasaya kaarmikulaku, bhasha addamkulu mariyu/ledhaa vidya sthaayi purugumandulapai unna post chesina heccharika sankethaalu, lebullu mariyu bhadrata heccharikalanu ardham chesukovadaniki ledhaa andinchina edainaa bhadrata sikshananu ardham chesukovadaniki addanki kaavacchu.
valasa vyavasaya kaarmikulaku ekkuva bahirgatam kaavadaaniki daariteese itara amsaalu parimitamaina ledhaa bhadrata parikaraalu andubaatulo lekapovadam, purugumandula vaadakampai takkuva ledhaa niyantrana lekapovadam, saamskrutika amsaalu mariyu vaaru sambhaavya pramaadaalanu nivediste udyogam kolpotarane bhayam. purugumandulu anubhooti chendaali, chuudaali, ruchi chuudaali ledhaa vaasana undaali; charmam shoshananu addukuntundi mariyu shareera dwaaraalu daanini sulabhataram chestaayi; purugumandulu tadigaa unnappudu matrame bahirgatam jarugutundi;" anae nammakamtho sahaa, purugumandula bahirgatatanu teevrataram chese konni keelaka nammakalu vyavasaya kaarmikula vadda unnayani adhyayanalu choopinchaayi...mariyu teevramaina, takkuva sthaayi deerghakaalika bahirgatam kaadu praathamika pramaadam."
idhi, vaidya samajam deerghakaalika purugumandula vishanni gurtinchadamlo mariyu/ledhaa nirdhaarinchadamlo ibbandi ledhaa anischiti thoo paatu, bahirgatamaina kaarmikulaku samarthavanthamaina nivaarananu pondadam kashtataram chestundi. aarogya beema lekapovadam, bhasha addamkulu, valasa sthithi, kharchu, saamskrutika amsaalu, ravana lekapovadam, udyogam kolpoye bhayam mariyu kaarmikula parihara prayojanaala gurinchi avagahana lekapovadam valla valasa kaarmikulu vaidya samrakshana pondadaaniki kooda sankochinchavachhu.
sergei mariyu yulia scripaul.
marchi 2018loe, sergi scripaul mariyu athani kumarteku inglaandlooni solisburylo novichok agent anie piluvabade organophosphate vishamtho visham ivvabadindi. park bench meeda kuurchunna samayamlo iddaroo apasmaraka sthithiki cherukunnaru. aaa sannivesaaniki modati pratispandanadaarudu kooda kalushitamayyaadu mariyu organophosphate vishaprayogam yokka lakshanaalanu kaligi unnadu. aasupatrilo chikitsa pondina tarvaata mugguru praanaalatoe bayatapaddaru. daadiki baadhyata vahinchadaanni nirantaram khandinchinappatiki, vishaprayogam venuka russia hastam undani anumaanistunnaaru.
alexey naavalnee.
20 augustu 2020naa, russian raajakeeyavetta alexey naavalnee vimaanamlo praanaantakamaina teevramaina visha lakshanaalanu abhivruddhi chesaaru. taruvaata athanu berlinku badilee cheyabaddaadu, akkada colinesterase inhibitor dwara vishaprayogam nirdhaarinchabadindi mariyu swatantra prayogasaalalo bahula pareekshala dwara nirdhaarinchabadindi.

