
geremia gethelf

albert bitzius (4 october 1797-22 october 1854) oka swiss navala rachayita, ayana geremias gothelf anae kalam paerutoe baga prasiddhi chendaaru.
jeevita charitra.
bitzius thana tandri paster ayina murtenlo janminchaadu. bitzius kutumbam okappudu bernies patriciate kuu chendinadi, conny 17va sataabdam nundi daani hastakalaakaarulu mariyu pasterlaku prasiddhi chendindi. 1804loe, kutumba intini bernies ementalloni oka graamamaina youtgenstarfku marcharu. ikkada yuva bitzius perigaadu, thana prarambha vidyanu pondaadu mariyu graamamlooni abbaayilatoe kalisi, alaage thana tandriki thana glabenu pempondinchukovadaaniki sahayam chesaadu. 1812loe athanu bernlo thana vidyanu puurti cheyadaaniki vellaadu. athanu switzerlandlo rendava puraatana sodarabhavam (1819loe sthaapinchabadindi) ayina vidyaarthi samajam joffingialo vyavasthaapaka sabhyudu.
1820loe ayana oka pasterga sweekarinchabaddaaru. 1821loe athanu gottingen vishwavidhyaalayamlo oka samvatsaram paatu cheraadu, conny 1822loe thana tandri sahayakudiga panicheyadaaniki intiki tirigi vacchaadu. thana tandri maranam (1824) taruvaata athanu adhe hodaalo herjogenbuchiki, taruvaata bernku (1829) vellaadu. 1831 praarambhamlo athanu diguva ementallo (langnou mariyu bergdorff madhya) unna lutzelf graamamlo vruddhudaina paastarku sahayakudiga vellaadu, tvaralo thana varasudiga (1832) ennikayyaadu mariyu thana manumalalo okaraina henriet giindar (1833) nuu vivaham chesukunnadu.
athanu thana migilina jeevitaanni lutzelflo gadipadu, akkada athanu maraninchaadu, mugguru pillalanu vidichipettadu (kumarudu paster, iddaru kumartelu paastarlanu vivaham chesukunnaru). 
1840laloe, ayana teevravaadaanni, loukikavaadaanni drudhamgaa vyatiraekimchaaru, bhakti, mataparamaina adhikaaraaniki sampradaayavaada praadhaanyata icchaaru. sii dwara bitzius yokka jeevitaalu unnaayi. manuel, berlin edition off bitzius works (berlin, 1861), mariyu zhe. valuemlo amman. ii. (bern, 1884) "sammlang bernisher biographene".
rachanalu.
bitzius jeevitamlo aalasyamgaa rayadam praarambhinchaadu. athani modati rachana, "derr bournspeagel, oder dye lebenseschichte dess geremias gothelf", 1837loe kanipinchindi. idhi geremias gothelf jeevitamgaa bhaavinchabadindi, idhi swayamgaa vivarinchabadindi, mariyu eee paerunu rachayita taruvaata thana kalam paerugaa sweekarinchaaru. idhi oka paedha dhesha anatha baludi abhivruddhini geestundi, conny idhi aatmakatha kaadu. idhi prakruti patla nijamaina, daani lopaalu mariyu vaiphalyalanu kappi unchadaaniki prayatninchakundaa, bernies (ledhaa, khachitamgaa cheppalante, emmental) graama jeevitam yokka sajeeva chitram. idhi german bhaashalo vraayabadindi (athani migilina rachanala maadirigaane), conny emmental yokka bernies mandalikam nundi vyakteekaranalu unnaayi, ayithe bitzius puttukatho raitu kaadu (ourback laaga), conny vidyaavantulaina taragatulaku chendinavaadu, tadwara athanu chusina mariyu neerchukunna vaatini punarutpatti chestaadu, conny athanu vyaktigatamgaa anubhavinchina vaatini kaadu. eee pustakam goppa vijayanni saadhinchindi, endukante idhi nija jeevitaaniki sambandhinchina chitram, paddenimidava sataabdapu graamastula oohaajanita chitram kaadu. appati nundi bitzius oka goppa rachayita, mariyu athani jeevitamlo chivari 18 samvatsaraalalo switzerlandku matrame kakunda saadhaaranamgaa german bhashaku chendina mukhyamaina navala rachayithalalo okarigaa maaradu.
athani atyanta prasiddha rachana nissandehamgaa chinna navala "dhi block spider" ("dye schwarz spinne"), idhi oka swiss loya samajanni naasanam chese naamamaatrapu rakshasudi roopamlo plaegu yokka pakshika-chattabaddhamaina katha; modata avasaram nundi janminchina deyyamtho oppandam phalitamgaa mariyu rendava saari daani jailu nundi rakshasudini vidudala chese naitika kshayam kaaranamgaa.
athani taruvaati kathalalo "leiden und fryden ines shulmisters" (1838-1839), "uli derr naicht" (sampannamaina pola yajamaniga abhivruddhi chendina oka paedha raitu karmikudi katha; 1841), daani konasagimputo, "uli derr patchter" (1849), "anae-bibi jovagar" (1843-1844), "kaathee, dye grossmutter" (1846), "dye cassery inn derfruid" (1850), mariyu "erlebnisse ines schooldenbourse" (1853) unnaayi. ayana aneka chinna kathala samputaalanu kooda prachurinchaaru.
athani rachanalu berlinlo 1856 mariyu 1861 madhya 24 samputaalalo vidudala cheyabaddaayi, ayithe prati katha yokka asalu paataanni ichhe 10 samputaalu 1898 mariyu 1900 madhya bernlo vidudala cheyabaddaayi.
saamskrutika suuchanalu.
saahityam.
raberto bolaano raasina "2666" navalalo "bitzius" anae navalaku amsamgaa perkonabadindihi
(anie...) mariyu "bitzius" loe, vanda paejeela kante takkuva podavaina navala, konni vidhaluga "mitji nidhi" kii samanamga untundi, (...) mariyu idhi bern cantonloni lutzelf yokka paster ayina albert bitzius jeevita kathanu, upanyaasaala rachayita mariyu geremias gothelf anae maaruperuto rachayitanu cheppindi.
chalanachitraala anusaranalu.
mottam aaru chitraalaku swiss chitra darsakudu franz schnidder darsakatvam vahinchaaru.