
waffill-iron vadapotha

waffill-iron filter anedi signal filtering kosam microwave frequenciela vadda upayoginche oka rakamaina taranga maargadarsaka vadapotha. idhi mudatalu padina-taranga margadarshi vadapotha yokka vaividhyam, conny mudatalu dwara kattirinchina rekhansha slaatlatho, phalitamgaa waffill-inumu roopaanni kaligi unna antargata nirmaanam erpadutundi.
vistruta passband mariyu nakilee transmission modlu laeni vistruta stapband rendoo avasaramayye chota waffill-iron filterlu pratyaekamgaa anukuulamgaa untaayi. vaaru adhika shakti nirvahana saamarthyaanni kooda kaligi untaaru. anuvartanaalalo transmitterla yokka harmonic avutputnu anachiveyadam mariyu wide-byaand dipelexerla roopakalpana unnaayi. microwave chhambar nundi microwave radiation tappinchukovadaanni nivaarinchadaaniki paarisraamika microwave tayari prakriyalalo kooda veetini upayogistaaru. saaruupya roopakalpanatho kuudina filterlu ippudu photonicslo kanipistunnaayi, conny, adhika pounahpunyam kaaranamgaa, chaalaa chinna sthaayilo kanipistunnaayi. eee chinna parimaanam vaatini integrated circuitlalo chaerchadaaniki anumatistundi.
waffill-iron filterla kosam design paddhatulalo image-parameter paddhatulu, network samslaeshanha paddhatulu mariyu sankhya vislaeshanha paddhatulu unnaayi. network samslaeshanha anedi image-paramiti paddhatula kante marinta adhunaatana paddhati, ayithe saadhaarana punaraavruta-namuunaa roopakalpana kaavalasina chota rendodi ippatikee upayoginchavacchu. yea roopakalpananu vislaeshimchadaaniki sankhya paddhatulanu upayoginchavacchu.
vivarana.
waffill-iron filternu seamer bii kanugonnaru. 1957loe stanford research institutelo kohn. vadapotaku aadharam mudatalu padina-taranga margadarshi vadapotha. idhi vadapotha vedalpu antataa varusa gatlu ledhaa mudatalu kaligi untundi. eguva mariyu diguva uparitalaalapai taranga margadarshi lopala mudatalu untaayi. perugutunna mariyu digutunna gatlu okadaanitoe okati samalekhanam cheyabadi untaayi, conny madhyalo kalusukovu; madhyalo oka antaram untundi. waffill-iron filterlo, adanamgaa, taranga margadarshi yokka podavuku diguvana unna gatlu gundaa kattirinche slaatlu unnaayi. idhi eguva mariyu diguva uparitalaalapai chadarapu dveepaalu ledhaa dantaala maatrukanu vadilivestundi.
waffill-iron filterlu saaraamsamlo, loe-paas filterlu, conny anni taranga margadarshi parikaraala maadirigaa taranga margadarshi cutoff frequency kante takkuva dheninee prasaram cheyavu. waffill-iron filterlanu upayogistaaru, ikkada takkuva choppimpu nashtam kaligina vistruta passband mariyu vistruta (konnisaarlu chaalaa vedalpu) stapband rendoo avasaram. nakilee paddhatulanu anachiveyadam avasaramaina chota avi mukhyamgaa manchivi.
waffill-iron filterlu vistruta stapband mariyu attenuationtho nirminchabaddaayi. sadalinchina attenuation specification thoo marinta vistruta stapbandlu kooda saadhyame.
operation.
waffill-iron filter parishkarinche paniteeru samasyalalo okati emitante, aneka taranga margadarshi filterlalo attenuation anedi incident signal yokka prasaara reetulapai aadharapadi untundi mariyu konni filterlu eee signallo undagala nakilee reetulanu anachiveyadamlo chaalaa cheddavi kaavacchu. udaaharanaku, waffill-iron filter aadhaaramgaa unde mudatalu padina taranga margadarshi vadapotato, stapbandloni teey "enn" 0 modla attenuation mode numberpy balamgaa aadharapadi untundi. waffill-iron filter vishayamlo idhi jaragadu, idhi oka nirdishta frequency varaku anni teey "enn" 0 modlanu daadaapu samanamga taggistundi. parimiti anedi lohapu dantaala madhya dhooram signal yokka free-space tarangadairghyamlo sagam kante ekkuvagaa unde frequency. eee vishayamlo waffill-iron design yokka manchi paniteeruku kaaranam dantaala madhya dhooram rekhansha mariyu viloma disallo oke vidhamgaa untundi mariyu madhyalo anni disalalo daadaapu okela untundi. idhi waffill-ironnu eee disalannintilo tem taramgaalaku daadaapu isotropicga chestundi. edainaa teey "enn" 0 mode taramgaanni ververu vikarna disalalo prayaaninchae rendu tem mode taramgaalugaa vichchinnam cheyavachu kabatti, anni teey "enn" 0 reetulu daadaapu samanamga prabhaavitamavutaayi.
oka nirdishta frequency kante ekkuva tm modlanu kaligi unna incident signals, taranga margadarsakaluga panichese slaatlatho rekhansha slaatla venta vyaapti chendhe modlanu utpatti cheyagalavu. idhi jaragadam praarambhinchae point emitante, slat yokka etthu signal yokka free-space tarangadairghyamlo sagam kante ekkuvagaa unde frequency. eee frequency filter yokka avasaramaina stapband kante ekkuvagaa unte, prabhavam etuvanti parinaamam undadu. lekapothe, eee reetulanu anachiveyadaaniki vadapotha velupala dasalanu avasaram mariyu end-matching vibhagalalo cherchavacchu.
itara design pramaanaalu saadhaaranamgaa daani input mariyu avtput vadda anusandhaaninchavalasina taranga maargadarsakaalato saripolani vadapotaku daariteestaayi. saripolchadaaniki upayoginche aneka nirmaanaalu unnaayi, conny ikkada upayogakaramainadi step-impedence transformer, idhi avaanchita slat modlanu anachiveyadamlo sahayapade adanapu prayojanaanni kaligi undhi.
applications.
waffill-iron filterla yokka saadhaarana anuvartanam antennaku vartinche mundu adhika shakti radar vanti transmitterla yokka harmonicsnu tolaginchadam. chaalaa adhikara paridhulalo chattaniki byaand velupala prasaralapai kathinamaina parimitulu avasaram, endukante ivi itara stationlalo teevramaina jokyaniki kaaranamavutaayi. idhi saadhaaranamgaa waffill-iron filterla lakshanam ayina chaalaa vistruta stapband avasaramayye application. udaaharanaku, aidava varaku anni haarmoniklanu tolaginchadaaniki, takkuva-paas vadapotaku passband kante moodu retlu ekkuva stapband undatam avasaram.
waffill-iron filterla yokka wide-byaand swabhaavam upagraha samachara maarpidilo anuvartanaalanu kanugontundi. oka upagraha bhuu kendram bahula-byaand antenna feedarku anusandhaaninchabadina bahula dipelexerlanu kaligi undavacchu. prati diaplexer vaerae bandlo wide-byaand signalnu andistundi mariyu daani signal avt-off-byaand bhaagaalanu, mukhyamgaa harmonicsnu kaligi undakapovadam chaalaa avasaram. ivi maroka bandloni communicationku teevramgaa antaraayam kaliginchavacchu ledhaa puurtigaa aagipovachhu. anduvalla diaplexer paas byaand kante marinta vedalpaina stapbandnu kaligi undaali. eee kaaranamgaa, alaage waffill-airanla yokka itara prayojanaalu, eee diaplexerlu saadhaaranamgaa waffill-iron designlo tayaaru cheyabadataayi.
waffill-iron filterlanu paarisraamika microwave prakriyalalo upayogistaaru. microwave shakti yokka aneka paarisraamika anuvartanaalalo aahara utpattulu mariyu paarisraamika poralu endabettadam, paliyurethen nurugu utpatti, draveebhavanam, rendering, sterilising mariyu vulcanisation vanti taapanaalu unnaayi. adhika-parimaana utpattilo eee prakriya nirantaram microwave chhaambarku teravadam avasaram, ikkada utpattini lopaliki mariyu nishkraminchavacchu. utpattiki anugunamgaa tarachugaa peddavigaa unde eee eperturela nundi surakshitam kaani microwave radiation sthaayilu tappinchukokunda nirodhinchadaaniki charyalu teesukoovaali. eee prayojanam kosam utpatti feed naalaalanu microwave shoshaka padaarthamthoo varusalo unchadam saadhaaranam. ayithe, soshinchabadina microwave vaedi prabhavanni kaligi untundi mariyu idhi shoshaka padaarthaanni debbatise vidhamgaa teevramgaa untundi. waffill-iron filterlu upayogakaramaina pratyaamnaayam endukante utpattini filter dantaala madhya pampavacchu. oka aadarsavantamaina vadapotha anni avaanchita vikiranaalanu grahinchadam kante pratibimbistumdi, kabatti athi vedekkadam valla baadhapadadu. choke applicationlo upayoginchabadutunna vadapotaku idhi oka udaaharana. konni prakriyalalo rendu paddhatulu ekakaalamlo upayoginchabadataayi. waffill-iron nuu microwave chhambar kii daggaragaa unchutaaru, modata saktini shoshaka lining atigaa vedekkani sthaayiki tagginchadaaniki. shoshaka lining appudu chinna avasheshaalanu tolagistundi.
design.
dantaala sankhya, vaati parimaanam mariyu vaati madhya antaram annee filter roopakalpananu niyantrinchadaaniki upayoginche roopakalpana paaraamitulu. udaaharanaku, 3:1 stapband unna vadapotaku taranga margadarshi vedalpu antataa aidu dantaalu undavacchu. taranga margadarshi yokka podavu krinda unna dantaala varusala sankhya pradhanamgaa stapband attenuationnu prabhaavitam chestundi. dantaala varusalu entha ekkuvagaa unte, attenuation antha manchidi, prati varusa oka lumped element circuit filter vibhaagaaniki samanamga untundi. padhi varusala dantaalatoe kuudina vadapotha chuttoo saiddhaantika stapband tiraskarananu kaligi untundi mariyu edu varusalatho okati untundi.
mottamodati waffill-iron filterlu filter design yokka image paramiti paddhatitoe roopondinchabaddaayi. mudatalu padina vadapotha kosam kohn yokka asalu daetaanu waffill-inumuku oka paramiti yokka chinna sardubaatuto matrame vartimpajeyavachu. kohn yokka anubhavika daetaanu upayoginchadaaniki pratyaamnaaya vidhanam, conny ippatikee oka chitra paramiti roopakalpana, mudatalu vaeyadaaniki taranga margadarshi tii-junction samaanamaina circuitnu upayoginchina markuvitz kaaranamgaa undhi mariyu eee paddhatini taruvaata itarulu waffill-airanlaku vistarinchaaru.
indulo image paramiti roopakalpana paddhati yokka pradhana lopaalalo okati, itara filterla maadirigaane, terminationla vadda impedence match manchidi kaadu. dheeniki saadhaaranamgaa input mariyu avtput vadda impedence matching vibhagalu andinchabadaali. ivi saadhaaranamgaa bahula-vibhaga dasala impedence transformerla roopaanni teesukuntaayi. ivi vadapotha yokka mottam podavuku gananeeyamgaa jodistaayi. puurti dantaalu ledhaa sthalaaniki badulugaa sagam sthalamlo vadapotanu praarambhinchadam mariyu muginchadam dwara saripolchadaaniki oka chinna merugudala cheyavachu. dheeniki samaanamaina lumped circuit anedi tii-haaph-sectionlu, idhi filternu iruvaipula mugistundi. sagam sthalaaniki badulugaa sagam danthamtho praarambhinchadam mariyu muginchadam anedi π-sagam vibhaagaalaku samanam.
pratyaksha samslaeshanha chitram paramiti paddhati yokka aneka samasyalanu nivaaristundi. idhi terminal impedenselanu baga parigananaloki teesukovadame kakunda, designerku merugaina saripolikanu anumatinche adanapu degreela swechcha untundi. eee roopakalpana paddhatiloo dantaala parimaanam mariyu antaraalu tagginchabadataayi. antey, anni vibhagalu okela unde chitra roopakalpanatho poliste, filterloni vaati sthaanaanni batti dantaalu ververu parimaanaalalo undavacchu. eee vidhaanamtho, ekakaalamlo impedence matchingnu meruguparustune passband mariyu stapband kosam asalu vivarananu unchavacchu. stepped impedence transformerlanu pampinhee cheyavachu ledhaa kaneesam parimaanamlo gananeeyamgaa tagginchavachhu.
samslaeshanha paddhatulu khachitamaina vadapotha pratispandananu merugga niyantrinchadaaniki anumatistaayi. filter designerlu upayoginche saadhaarana pratispandana function chebishev filter, idhi passband tarangam kosam parivartana byaand yokka nitaruga maarutundi. ayithe waffill-iron filterlaku chebishev pratispandana ellappuduu uttama empika kaadu. taranga maargadarsini taggimpu prabhavam kaaranamgaa takkuva-paas taranga margadarshi vadapotalu pounahpunyaalanu sunnaki daatavu. oka manchi empika akisar-jolotarev vadapotha. eee vadapotha yegor ivanovic jolotarev kanugonna jolotarev bahupadaalapai (indulo chebishev bahupadaalu pratyeka sandarbhamgaa untaayi) aadharapadi untundi. jolotarev pratispandana takkuva frequency vadda stapbandnu kaligi untundi, dheeni kataafnu designer niyantrinchavacchu kabatti idhi taranga margadarshi vadapotalo hanikaram kaadu. joloterv pratispandana yokka prayojanam emitante, idhi chebishev vadapotha ledhaa image-paramiti vadapotato poliste anusandhaaninche taranga maargadarsakaalaku merugaina impedence match thoo vadapotaku daariteestundi.
maroka roopakalpana vidhanam, mukhyamgaa CAD kii anukuulamgaa untundi, endukante idhi oka sankhya paddhati, filternu aneka parimita mulakaalugaa vichchinnam cheyadam. eee amsaalu pedda sankhyalo saadhaarana dasalu mariyu gatlu. vyaktigata amsaalanu vislaeshimchadaaniki aneka paddhatulu andubaatulo unnaayi. mode matching technic moolakam yokka kshetra sameekaranaalanu aigen functionla shreniloki vistaristundi, aapai prati mode kosam muulakaala madhya interfaces vadda unna kshetraanni "saripolchutundi". gallerkin paddhati kshetra sameekaranaalanu gazenbire bahupadaalu ledhaa chebishev bahupadaalu vanti bahupadi vidhulugaa vistaristundi. oka nirdishta rakamaina muulakaaniki soukaryavantamgaa unnadaani prakaram eee paddhatulanu kalapavacchu. yea vislaeshanha paddhatini upayoginchinaa, prati muulakaaniki scottering paaraamitula maatrika anedi tudi avtput. mottam filter pratispandana appudu anni vyaktigata moolakam maatrikala yokka mishrama scattering maatrika nundi kanugonabadutundi. eee paddhati synthetic kakunda vishlaeshanhaathmakamainadi, antey, samslaeshanha paddhatula maadirigaa kakunda vislaeshimchadaaniki trial design modata undaali, ikkada prarambha sthaanam anedi suuchimchina badilee function, dheeni nundi design samslaeshanha cheyabadutundi.
siddhaantaparamgaa, madhya-rekha chuttoo niluvu samaruupata kaaranamgaa the0 "enn" modlu waffill-iron filterlo utsaahamgaa undakudadu. ayithe, aacharanalo avi paelavamaina samyogam taranga margadarshi flanglu ledhaa tappugaa amarchina dantaala valla sambhavinchavachhu. taranga margadarshi yokka niluvu madhya-rekhapai dantaala madhya khaaliiloo vadapotha vedalpu antataa sannani teegalanu amarchadam dwara eee nakilee reetulanu anachiveyavachhu. bhaagaalanu adhika khachitatvamto atigaa injaneering cheyadam kante idhi merugaina parishkaram kaavacchu mariyu marinta balamaina designku daariteestundi.
bahula unit filterlu.
aneka waffill-iron filter unitlanu kalisi cascade cheyadam dwara chaalaa vistruta stapbandlanu saadhinchavachchu. prati unit ververu, conny ativyaapti chendutunna shrenulalo stapband kosam roopondinchabadindi. atyadhika frequency stapband unna filter dantaala athi chinna mariyu atyadhika sankhyanu kaligi untundi. unitlu kramamga adhika frequency operation kramamlo taranga margadarshi yokka λ/4 impedence transformer vibhaagaalato kalisi anusandhaaninchabadi untaayi. impedence transformerlu ververu frequencielalo panichestundatam valla, chinna dantaalu unna unitlaku anusandhaaninchabadinavi pedda dantaalu unna unitlaku anusandhaaninchabadina vaati kante chinnaviga untaayi. rendava nundi padava varaku passband yokka anni samarasyalanu aapadaniki roopondinchina moodu unitla waffill-iron filterku maathai oka udaaharana istundi-oka samyukta stapband nundi oka tiraskarana.
network samslaeshanha roopakalpana paddhatulanu upayoginchi bahula unitla avasaranni tagginchavachhu ledhaa tolaginchavacchu. dantaalanu kattirinchadaaniki anumatinchinatlayithe, rendu-unitla designu tarachugaa oke vistruta stapbandto oke unitku tagginchavachhu. eee vidhanam puurti vadapotha podavunu sagaaniki tagginchagaladu.
adhika shakti.
adhika shakti vadda, padunaina moolallo balamaina vidyut kshetraalu undatam valla vadapotha dantaala moolallo vampu yerpadavachhu. idhi vadapotha yokka shakti nirvahana saamarthyaanni parimitam chestundi. dantaala anchulanu gundramgaa cheyadam dwara prabhavanni tagginchavachhu. puurtigaa vruttaakaara dantaalu power handling kosam uttamamainavi. vruttaakaara dantaalu vampu lekunda chaturasraakaara dantaala shakti saamarthyaanni 1.4 retlu nirvahistaayi. udaaharanaku, matteyi gundrani dantaalatoe kuudina passband vadapotanu mariyu dantaala saktini nirvahinche saamardhyamtho kuudina vistruta stapbandnu vivaristundi. marovaipu, vruttaakaara dantaalatoe kuudina ilanti vadapotanu nirvahinchagaladu. filterlanu samaantaramgaa anusandhaaninchadaaniki power deviderlanu upayoginchadam, aapai vaati avutputlanu kalapadam marinta ekkuva power handlingnu andistundi.
photonics.
waffill-iron filterku saaruupyamaina vadapotha nirmaanaalu photonicslo upayoginchabadataayi, conny chaalaa ekkuva frequencytho panicheestaayi mariyu electronicslo upayoginche vaati kante chaalaa chinnaviga untaayi. waffill-iron maadirigaane, eee nirmaanaalu avaanchita prasaara vidhaanaalanu baga anichivestaayi. stapbandlo tiraskaranato samaantara-plate taranga margadarshi (pii. pii. doubleu. zii) saanketikatanu upayoginchi bandlo panichese vadapotha nirminchabadindi. eee vadapotanu chaalaa palish chesina aluminium yokka rendu plaetlatoe nirminchaaru. dantaalu silicon dye meeda bangaaram-chitlinchina aluminium cylinderlatho koodi undevi. eee designlo microwave versionlo chesinatlugaa dantaala madhyalo khaaliini andinchadam soukaryavantamgaa undadu. badulugaa, dantaala paibhagam mariyu pii. pii. doubleu. zii platelalo okadaani madhya gaali antaram andinchabadutundi.
praamaanika semiconductor parisrama photolithography tayari paddhatulanu upayoginchi eee filterlanu tayaaru cheyavachu. tatphalitamgaa, avi saadhaaranamgaa pii. pii. doubleu. zii. saanketikata vale aann-chip integrated circuitlalo chaerchadaaniki anukuulamgaa untaayi.

