nishedham yokka ritt

nishedham yokka ritt anedi chattam nishedhinche edainaa panini aapadaniki oka adheenaanni nirdesinche ritt. eee ritnu tarachugaa diguva nyaayasthaanaaniki unnata nyayasthaanam jaarii chestundi, daani adhikara paridhiloo laeni kesutho munduku saagavaddani nirdesistundi.
nishedham yokka ritlanu "pratyaamnaaya rits" mariyu "peremptory rits" gaa upavibhajana cheyavachu. oka pratyaamnaaya ritt graheeta ventane charya teesukoovaalani ledhaa viraminchaalani, mariyu aadesaanni saasvatamgaa enduku cheyakudado "kaaranam choopinchamani" nirdesistundi. oka peremptory ritt graheetanu ventane charya teesukoovaalani ledhaa nilipiveyaalani, mariyu oka nirdishta samayamlo daani sammati dhruvikaranatho ritnu "tirigi ivvamani" nirdesistundi.
adhikaarika samstha yokka agency nishedham yokka ritt yokka lakshyamgaa unnappudu, ritt kortu pratyaksha adhikara paridhini kaligi unna adhikaarika samsthaku nirdesinchabadutundi, agencyni nilipiveyamani adhikaarika samsthanu aadesistundi.
eee artical yokka migilina bhaagam nyaya prakriyala gurinchi matladutunnappatiki, nishedham yokka ritnu yea kortu off record dwara ayina nirdesinchavacchu (i.ii.kortu ledhaa county, nagaram ledhaa pattana prabhutvam, kortu adhikara paridhiloo unna edainaa adhikaarika samstha vaipu), dushpravartana kortu kante ekkuva.
united states loe.
united stateslo "nishedham yokka ritt" anedi oka unnata nyayasthaanam dwara oka diguva nyaayasthaanamlo daavaaku adhyakshata vahinche nyaayamuurtiki ivvabadina kortu uttarvu. nishedham yokka ritt, kesupai etuvanti charyanu nilipiveyaalani diguva nyaayasthaanaanni aadesistundi, endukante idhi aaa diguva nyayasthaanam yokka adhikara paridhiloo undakapovachhu. oka kesu pariseelanaloo oka takkuva sthaayi kortu saadhaarana niyamaalu mariyu vidhaanaalaku velupala vyavaharistunnatlu bhavinchinappudu kooda patram jaarii cheyabadutundi. maroka sandarbhamlo, oka takkuva sthaayi nyayasthaanam chattaparamaina hakkunu odinche disagaa payanistunnatlu bhaavinchina samayaallo patram jaarii cheyabadutundi.
nishedham tarachugaa appellate kortulache upayoginchabadutundi. chaalaa tarachugaa, eee kortulu diguva kortulu tama adhikara paridhini minchakunda nirodhinchadaaniki nishedham yokka ritlanu jaarii chestaayi. konni sandarbhaallo, eee ritnu sahaja nyaya niyamaalaku viruddhamgaa vyavaharinchakundaa diguva nyayasthaanam nirodhinchadaaniki kooda upayoginchavacchu. munupati charyalanu raddu cheyadaaniki nishedham yokka ritt upayoginchabadakapovachhu, conny puurti cheyani charyalanu nishedhinchadaaniki matrame upayoginchavacchu.
rendu rakaala ritlu unnata nyaayasthaanaalanu takkuva sthaayi nyaayasthaanaalanu nirvahinchadaaniki anumatistaayi kabatti, nishedham yokka ritlu dhruvikarana patraala ritlanu pooli untaayi. ayithe, nishedham yokka ritt maadirigaa kakunda, unnata nyaayasthaanaalu ippatike diguva nyaayasthaanaalu teesukunna nirnayaalanu sameekshinchadaaniki dhruvikarana patraala ritlanu jaarii chestaayi.
bhaaratadesamlo.
diguva sthaayi nyayasthaanam ledhaa tribunal thana mundu pendinglo unna kesulalo ledhaa sahaja nyaya niyamaalaku viruddhamgaa vyavaharinchakundaa nirodhinchadaaniki pradhanamgaa nishedham yokka ritt jaarii cheyabadutundi. idhi chattabaddhamgaa laeni adhikara paridhini swaadheenam chesukovadam nundi ledhaa maroe maatalo cheppalante, takkuva sthaayi nyaayasthaanaalanu vaari adhikara paridhi paridhiloki unchamani balavantam cheyadam nundi diguva sthaayi nyaayasthaanaalaku unnata nyayasthaanam jaarii chestundi. anduvalla adhika adhikara paridhi unna mariyu adhika adhikara paridhi laeni rendu sandarbhaalloonuu ritt jaarii cheyabadutundi.
nishedham anedi nishedhinchavalasina karyakalapala konasagimpu kaadu. dheeni lakshyam diguva nyayasthaanam yokka karyakalapalanu arrestu cheyadam dheeniki viruddhamgaa untundi. idhi rendu tribunals madhya tappanisarigaa oka anushangika vishayam, oka takkuva sthaayi mariyu marokati unnatamainadi, dheeni dwara rendodi, modatidaanipai paryaveekshanha yokka shakti kaaranamgaa, daani saraina saamardhyamlo nirodhistundi. daani swabhaavam nishedhinchabade charya yokka swabhaavampai aadharapadi untundi. 
vichaarana nirnayamgaa paripakvam chendinatlayithe, ritt abaddham kakapothe, kortulo vichaaranalu pendinglo unnappudu matrame ritt jaarii cheyavachu. vishayam pendinglo unna kortu unikilo lenappudu, aaa paristhitiloo kooda, nishedham yokka ritt undadu endukante adhi panicheyagala etuvanti charyalu undavu, conny marovaipu, kortu panichestunte, ritnu diguva kortu ledhaa tribunal mundu vichaarana yokka yea dasaloonainaa jaarii cheyavachu. 
idhi nyaya mariyu pakshika nyaya samsthaku vyatiraekamgaa matrame jaarii cheyabadutundi, saasana ledhaa paripalana samsthaku vyatiraekamgaa kaadu.
aangla chattaparamaina charitralo.
saadhaarana nyaayasthaanaalu, raaju dharmasana mariyu saadhaarana petitionlanu nirvahinchadam dwara itara nyaayasthaanaalu tama adhikara paridhini atikraminchakundaa nirodhinchadaaniki pradhana maargamgaa nishedham yokka ritlu undevi. ritlu modata paripalana aadesaala vale panicheesaayi, ayithe kalakramena avi chattaparamaina aadesaala adhikaranni pondaayi. maroka kortu ledhaa oka vyaktigata prativaadiki vyatiraekamgaa rits jaarii cheyabadavachhu, eee roeju kortulalo nishedhaagna panichese vidhaanaaniki kontavaraku samanamga untundi. nishedham yokka vraatalu pradhanamgaa mataparamaina kortulaku vyatiraekamgaa upayoginchabaddaayi. ayithe, vaatini equity kortulu, admirality kortulu mariyu sthaanika kortulaku vyatiraekamgaa kooda upayoginchaaru. equity kortulalo atyadhikam chhaansaree, conny chattam prakaram chhaansareeni nishedhinchagaliginappatiki, adhi arudugaa, eppudaina unte.
oka ritnu paatinchakapothe, vyatiraeka paarteeki anukuulamgaa jailu siksha, jarimana ledhaa sambhaavya nashtalu sambhavinchavachhu.
nishedham yokka vraatalu vaadakamlo perugudala aangla raacharikamlo adhikara ekikarana mariyu pannendava mariyu padamuudava sataabdaalaloo nyaayasthaana vyavastha perugudalato kalisi vachindi.
ingland mariyu france madhya tama samayanni panchukunna anjevin rajulaku, vaaru vellipoyinappudu inglandlo prabhutvaanni nadapadaniki sahaayapadataaniki balamaina mariyu samarthulaina salahaadaarulu avasaram. raaja bureaucracy perugudala, edd vard I paalanalo aamodinchabadina westminster (1275) yokka modati saasanamto ippatike unna saadhaarana chattamlo chaalaa varaku krodikaranato kalisi vachindi.
nyaayamuurtulu praathamika chattasabha sabhyula paatra nundi saasanaala vyaakhyaatala paatraku maaradamtho saadhaarana nyaayasthaanaalu mariyu saadhaarana nyaya nyaayamuurtula chattaparamaina vivarana marinta lanchanaprayamga maaradam praarambhinchaayi. munupati nyaayasthaanaalu chattaparamaina mariyu samaanamaina upasamanam rendintinee andinchadaaniki marinta vasyatanu kaligi undagaa, padamuudava sataabdam chivari nundi padnaalugo sataabdam chivari varaku, saadhaarana nyaayasthaanaalalo samaanatvam yokka pariseelana kramamga adrusyamaindi, idhi raaju yokka goppa mudranu unchadaaniki mariyu praja patraalapai mudra vaeyadaaniki mundu unna kaaranaalalo okati, idhi pratyeka nyaayasthaanamgaa udbhavinchindi. saadhaarana nyaayasthaanaalu tama vidhanam mariyu nyaayasaastramlo marinta lanchanaprayamga mariyu kathinamgaa maaradamtho, vaaru vyaktigata prativaadulaku vyatiraekamgaa nivaaranagaa nishedham yokka ritnu upayoginchadam kooda nilipivesaaru.
oka nirdishta samasyanu vinadaniki saraina sthalam yea kortu anae daanipai vibhedaalu unnappudu nyaayasthaanaala madhya appudappudu vivaadaalu undevi. udaaharanaku, saadhaarana nyaayavaadulu ekibhavinchanappatiki, pramaanamu dwara lanchanaprayamga cheyabadina oppandaalanu amalu chese hakku tamaku undani mataparamaina nyaayasthaanaalu perkonnaayi, endukante avi pramaanamu sarigga cheyabadinda anae aadhyaatmika vishayanni kaligi untaayi. ayithe, konni sandarbhaallo, saadhaarana nyaayasthaanaalu cheyaleni chota saadhaarana nyaayasthaanaalu upasamanam andinchagaligaayi. chhaansaree, saadhaarana nyayasthaanam vale kakunda, trustlu mariyu upayogaalaku sambandhinchina kesulalo parishkaralanu andinchagaladu mariyu mosam, pramaadam ledhaa firyadulaku porapaatu aadhaaramgaa upasamanam kaliginchagaladu. equity kortulu kotta upasamanaanni andinchadamtho, idhi intaku mundu saadhaarana nyaayasthaanaalalo parimitam cheyabadindi, nishedham yokka ritlu vaadulu vaari sthaanaaniki atyanta anukuulamgaa unde kortu kosam "forum shopping" cheyagalagadaanni nirodhinchadaaniki sahayapaddayi. saadhaarana nyaayasthaanamlo tagina upasamanam pondagalige yea vaadi ayina, athanu prakriya, anumatinchadagina rakshana ledhaa vaerae nyayasthaanam yokka saadhyamaina parishkaralanu enchukunnappatiki, vaerae nyaayasthaanamlo thana kesunu teesukuraavadam nishedhinchabadindi.
nishedham yokka ritt yokka upayogam kooda chhaansaree mariyu saadhaarana nyaayamuurtula madhya sambandhaanni batti maarutuu untundi. chhaansareeni nyaya samsthagaa marchadam praarambhamlo, saadhaarana nyaya nyaayamuurtulu tarachugaa kotta nyaayasthaanaaniki kesulanu nirnayinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki ledhaa samaanamaina vaadanalu unna vaadulanu kooda soochinchadamlo sahakarinchaaru. ayithe, kalakramena, 1450 natiki naalugo atyanta prajaadarana pondina pradhana nyaayasthaanamaina chhaansareelo upasamanam pondadaaniki vaadi enchukunnanduna sambandham ksheeninchindi. padihenava sataabdam modati ardhabhaagamlo, nyaayavaadulu tama kesulanu akkada teesukuraavadaaniki enchukunnaaru, endukante, daani perugutunna prajaadarana unnappatikee, chhaansaree ippatikee saadhaarana nyayasthaanam kante chaalaa takkuva kesulanu chusindi, idhi kesulanu nemmadigaa unde saadhaarana nyaayasthaanaala kante vaegamgaa parishkarinchadaaniki anumatinchindi. adanamgaa, chhaansaree aasaktigala paarteelu mariyu saakshula sakshyanni anumatinchindi mariyu saadhaarana nyaayasthaanaalu cheyaleni vidhamgaa aavishkarana mariyu nirdishta upasamanaanni balavantam cheyagaladu.
nishedham yokka ritnu bhadraparachadaaniki vidhanam.
13va sataabdamloo, nishedham yokka vraatalu chhaansaree dwara jaarii cheyabaddaayi. ayithe, 16va sataabdam chivari ardhabhaagaaniki, nishedham yokka ritlu nyaayaparamaina ritga marai. antey, peethasthaayi nyaayasthaanaaniki saraina adhikara paridhi ledani oka paksham maroka nyaayasthaanamlo karyakalapalanu nilipiveyaalanukunte, aaa paksham eee krindi vishayaalalo okadaanni cheyaalani nirvaahaka nyaayasthaanaalaku petition vestundihi (1) saadhaarana chattanni vartimpajeyadam dwara baadhyatanu puurtigaa tolaginchadam, (2) saadhaarana chattamlo "kotta" kesu veyadam, ledhaa (3) jurie ledhaa nyaya teerpu yokka saadhaarana chatta paddhati dwara surakshita vichaarana. ritt manjuru cheyala vadda anie nirnayinche mundu, managing kortu saadhaaranamgaa nishedham koorutuu vaadi, nishedhaanni vyatirekinche prativaadi mariyu/ledhaa nyaayamuurtula madhya bahiranga nyaayasthaana charchaku anumatistundi. ayithe, atuvanti charcha lekunda nishedham yokka ritlanu manjuru cheyavachu.
nishedham yokka ritnu pootii cheyadam.
oka party nishedham yokka ritt manjuru cheyadaanni pootii cheyalanukunte, vaaru rendu vidhaluga cheyavachu. modatidi "attachment aann prohibition" anie piluvabade dhikkarana charya, indulo vaadi mariyu prativaadi ritt yokka chellubaatupai managing kortu mundu vaadistaaru. pratyamnaayamgaa, paarteelu sampradimpula ritnu koorutuu nishedham yokka ritnu tippikottadaaniki prayatninchavacchu.
nishedham yokka vraatalu pondadam chaalaa sulabham kabatti, padamuudava sataabdam chivaralo, sampradimpula vraatalu upayogamloki vachayi. oka nishedhita paksham ledhaa nyaayamuurti oka kesu nishedhita nyayasthaanam yokka adhikara paridhiloo undani bhaavisthe, vaaru chhaansalar mundu daani samuchitatanu prashninchavacchu. chhaansalar angeekarinchinatlayithe, athanu sampradimpula ritnu jaarii cheyavachu, nishedham yokka ritnu tippikotti, eee kesunu mataparamaina kortulo konasaaginchadaaniki anumatinchavacchu.
nishedham yokka ritla kosam samarthanalu.
raaju adhikaranni bedirinchadamtho paatu, adhikara paridhi ativyaapti uniki forum-shoppingnu anumatinchadam dwara chattaparamaina parishkarala ekaruupatanu pramaadamloo padesindi. udaaharanaku, raaju mariyu charchi rendoo nirvaahakulu mariyu runagraheetala madhya mariyu runadaatalu mariyu nirvaahakula madhya vivaadaalapai adhikara paridhini pondaayi. charchi drushtilo, maraninchina vaari runagraheetala nundi runaalanu vasoolu chese karyanirvahakudi hakku mariyu maraninchina vaari estateku vyatiraekamgaa vaari vaadanalanu amalu chese runadaatala hakku "probate paripaalanalo saraina bhaagam". anduvalla, chaalaa baadhyatalaku oka testator saadhaarana chattam kinda daavaa veyavalasi undagaa, oka kaaryanirvahakulu ledhaa runadaata loukika ledhaa mataparamaina kortulo vichaarananu praarambhinchadam madhya enchukovachhu. mataparamaina nyaayasthaanamlo daavaa veyadam nundi kaaryanirvahakulu ledhaa runadaatalanu nirodhinche nishedham yokka ritnu jaarii cheyadam dwara, forum empikalalo eee asamaana asamaanatanu parishkarinchavacchu.

