
anyayam

anyayam anedi anyayam ledhaa anarhamaina phalitaalaku sambandhinchina naanhyata. eee padaanni oka nirdishta sanghatana ledhaa paristhitiki ledhaa pedda sthithiki sambandhinchi vartimpajeyavachu. paaschaatya tatvasaastram mariyu nyaayasaastramlo, anyayam chaalaa saadhaaranamgaa untundi-conny ellappuduu kaadu-nyayam lekapovadam ledhaa vyatiraekatagaa nirvachinchabadindi.
anyayam yokka bhaavam anedi oka saarvatrika maanava lakshanam, ayinappatikee anyayamgaa pariganinchabade khachitamaina paristhitulu samskruti nundi samskrutiki maaravacchu. prakruti yokka charyalu kooda konnisaarlu anyayam yokka bhavanni rekettistaayi, ayithe durviniyogam, durviniyogam, nirlakshyam ledhaa tappu pravartana vanti maanava charyalaku sambandhinchi saadhaaranamgaa bhaavinchabadutundi, idhi sarididdabadadu ledhaa chattaparamaina vyavastha ledhaa thoti maanavulache manjuru cheyabadutundi.
anyayam yokka bhaavam shakti laeni preranaatmaka paristhiti kaavacchu, prajalu tamanu taamu rakshinchukovadaaniki matrame kakunda, anyayamgaa vyavaharinchabadataarani bhaavinche itarulaku kooda charya teesukoovadaaniki kaaranamavutundi. chattaparamaina ledhaa saamaajika pramaanaala paridhiloo anyayanni konnisaarlu "rendu-anchela vyavastha" gaa suuchistaaru.
nyaayamtho sambandham.
paaschaatya tatvavettalu 'anyayam' kante 'nyayam' anae bhavana gurinchi charchinchadaaniki ekkuva samayam vecchistaarani professor judit shuckler raasaaru. marovaipu, chaaritraka rachana mariyu kalpita kathalu rendoo anyayanni nyayam kante chaalaa tarachugaa vishayamgaa upayogistaayani aame perkondi.
tatvasaastram mariyu nyaayasaastramlo, anyayam mariyu nyayam oke naanheniki rendu vaipula unnayani-anyayam kevalam nyayam lekapovadam anie aadhipatya abhiprayam undhi. eee abhiprayanni nyayamu mariyu anyayam swatantra lakshanaalu anie bhaavinche judit shuckler, thamus doubleu saiman mariyu eric heinz vanti professorlu savaalu chesaaru. kabatti, eee alpasankhyaaka drukpathamlo, meeru anyayanni tagginchakundaa paristhiti yokka nyayanni penchavacchu. nyaayamlo perugudala vaastavaaniki anyaayamlo perugudalaku kaaranamavutundani vaadinche varaku kooda henz vellaadu.
tatvavettalu mariyu itara rachayithalalo saapekshamgaa saadhaarana abhiprayam emitante, nyayam mariyu anyayam okadaanipai okati aadharapadi unnappatikee, idhi praathamika naanhyata. nyayanni neerugaa nirvachinchadam ledhaa grahinchadam kooda kashtamgaa unnappatikee, anyayanni andaruu grahinchavacchani pradarsinchadam sulabham anie chaalaa mandhi rachayitalu raasaaru. 
vaan hake prakaram, anyaayame praathamika naanhyata anie perkonna mottamodati aalochanaaparudu heraclitus, athani drukpathaanni satabdaalugaa kuleenulu mariyu dozenla koddi itarulu pratidhvaninchaaru. idhi oka kotta aavishkarana ayinappatikee" "anie rachayitalu tarachugaa praathamika bhavana anie bhaavistaaru, nyaayampai siddhaantaalalo eee abhiprayam arudugaa neerugaa vyakteekarinchabadutunda suuchistumdi anie hayek chepparu. conny nyayamu kaadu, anyayam praathamika naanhyata anie chattaparamaina pratyakshavaadam niroopinchindani hayek chepparu.
anyayam yokka bhaavam.
judit shuckler, edmond cohn mariyu barrington moor juuniyar thoo sahaa panditulu. anyaayampai maanavasaastra mariyu chaaritraka rachanalanu survey chesi, pratichota purushulu mariyu mahilalu unnaarani, idhi maanava saarvatrikamani nirdhaarinchaaru. 
eee rachayitalu, mariyu simone veyil, elizabeth volgast mariyu thamus vall simone vanti itarulu, anyayam yokka bhaavam oka saktivantamaina preranaatmaka paristhiti anie nammutaaru-nyayam yokka bhaavam vale kakunda, idhi marinta nairoopya margallo bhaavinchabadutundi, mariyu charya kante dhyananni prerepistundi.
parinaamaatmaka kaaranaala valla, itarulu anyaayaaniki gurainatlu chuse maanavulu tama patla taamu dookudugaa vyavaharinchinatlu pratispandinchavachani cohn abhiprayapaddaru. vimaana ledhaa poraata vyavastha yokka takshana, viseral activation undavacchu. american poura hakkula udyama nayakudu martin luther king juuniyar. 1963loe, "ekkadainaa anyayam anedi pratichota nyaayaaniki muppu" anie raasaaru. spinner-halev anyayalanu bharinchadam gurinchi matladadu, vaatini parishkarinchadaaniki etuvanti charya lekunda adhi ippatikee konasaagutundi. 2012loe psychological sainslo prachurinchina oka adhyayanamlo, pillalu kooda tamanu neerugaa prabhaavitam cheyani sanghatanalanu chusinappudu kooda, vaatini ullanghinchadam patla anyayam mariyu ishtapadani bhaavam undani kanugonnaru.
nyaayasaastra rangamlo, nyaayavaadulaku jurie yokka anyayam yokka bhavanni elaa rekettinchaalo telusukovadam oka mukhyamaina naipunhyam anie cohn vaadinchaaru-idhi pratyaekamaina vaariki appeals cheyadam dwara uttamamgaa cheyabadutundi, sangrahaalu ledhaa boiler plate rakam prakatanala dwara kaadu. prajalu tarachugaa ekkuva kaalam anachivetaku longipovadaaniki kaaranaalu vaaru daanini anivaryam anie bhaavinchadam, anduvalla vaari anyayam yokka bhaavam rekettinchaledani barrington moor nokki chepparu. tirugubaatuku taginantagaa laenappatikee, anyayanni vistrutamgaa panchukune bhavana anedi oka mukhyamaina kaaranamani ayana chepparu. simone veyil, elizabeth volgast mariyu judit shuckler vanti rachayitalu balaheenulanu mariyu baadhapadutunnavaarini rakshinchadaaniki avasaramaina charyaku anyayam yokka prerepita bhaavam oka mukhyamaina mundastu avasaram anie chepparu.
kaaranaalu.
anyaayaaniki oka saadhaarana kaaranam maanava swaarthamu. ganatantram" loe sudeerghamgaa vivarinchinatlugaa, prajalu tama prayojanaala kosam lekkinchinappudu tarachugaa anyayam chese charyalaku paalpadataaru. meeru lenappudu matrame anyayanni atyadhika sthaayiki cherukovadanni pariganinchaali" anie kooda plato jatachestundi. maanava anyayam ellappuduu anyaayamaina prayojanam ledhaa duruddesam pondadaaniki chese prayatnam valla jaragadu; idhi kevalam lopabhuishta maanava nirnayam teesukovadam yokka phalitam kaavacchu. udaaharanaku, aakalitho unna nyaayamuurti prabhaavamtho, sameeksha bordulalo kuurchunna nyaayamuurtulu nyaayamuurtulu vaari chivari bhojana viramam teesukunnappati nundi entha kaalam anae daanipai aadharapadi darakhaastudaarulaku anukuulamaina nirnayaalanu teesukune avakaasam takkuvagaa undani adhyayanalu kanugonnayi. oka nirdishta kesu ledhaa sandarbhaaniki sambandhinchi durviniyogam mariyu durviniyogam anedi nyayam yokka kaaranaanni andinchadamlo vyavasthaagata vaiphalyaanni suuchimchavachchu (cf. chattaparamaina shoonyata).
udaaharanalu.
amayakatva project yuu loe unna kesula sampadanu andistundi.ess. nyaya vyavastha tappu vyaktini vichaarinchi, doshigaa nirdhaarinchindi.

