
burgess shale

burgess shale anedi kenadaaloni british kolambiyaaloni kenadian raakeelalo bahirgatamayye shilaja-mose nikshepam. idhi daani silaajaala yokka mruduvaina bhagala asaadhaaranamaina samrakshanaku prasiddhi chendindi. paatha (madhya cambrian) vadda, idhi mruduvaina-bhagala mudralanu kaligi unna mottamodati shilaja padakalalo okati.
rock unit oka nallani shale mariyu yoho jaateeya udyaanavanamlooni polaniki sameepamlo unna aneka praantaallo mariyu gurrapu kanuma vadda pantalanu pandistundi. dakshinaana 42 kii. mea. la dhooramlo unna kootene jaateeya udyaanavanamlo maroe velupali bhaagam undhi.
charitra mariyu praamukhyata.
burgess shelnu 1909 augustu 30naa, season yokka kshetra pani mugimpulo, polyontologist charless walcott kanugonnaru. athanu 1910loe thana kumaarulu, kumarte mariyu bhaaryatho tirigi vacchi, shilaja sikharam yokka paarsvaalapai oka kwaareeni sthaapinchaadu. mruduvaina shareera samrakshana yokka praamukhyata, mariyu vignaana saastraaniki kottadigaa athanu gurtinchina jeevula shreni, 1924 varaku daadaapu prati samvatsaram kwaareeki tirigi raavadaaniki daariteesindi. aaa samayamlo, 74 samvatsaraala vayassulo, athanu 65,000 namuunaalanu sekarinchaadu. silaajaalanu vivarinchadam oka vistaaramaina pani, 1927loe thana maranam varaku walcott anusarinchaadu. aaa samayamlo shaastreeya abhiprayam netrutvamlo walcott, anni silaajaalanu jeevula vargaluga vargeekarinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu, phalitamgaa, aaa samayamlo silaajaalu utsukata kante konchem ekkuvagaa pariganinchabaddaayi. 1962 varaku alberto simonetta silaajaalanu tirigi parisoedhinchadaaniki prayatninchaledu. idhi saastravettalu burgess shalelo andubaatulo unna samacharam yokka uparitalaanni walcott kevalam geeyaledani gurtinchadaaniki daariteesindi, mariyu jeevulu aadhunika samoohaalalo soukaryavantamgaa saripovani kooda spashtam chesindi.
trilobite nipunudu harry blackmore whittington oppinchi kenada yokka bhougolika survey dwara walcott kwarilo tavvakaalu tirigi praarambhinchabaddaayi, mariyu shilaja sikharam kante 20 meterla ettulo oka kotta kwari, raymond sthaapinchabadindi. cambridge vishwavidhyaalayaaniki chendina derec briggs mariyu saiman conway morris anae parisoedhakula sahayamtho, whittington, burgess shale gurinchi samagramaina punahpariseelananu praarambhinchaadu, mariyu walcott gurtinchina daanikante jantujaalam chaalaa vaividhyamainadi mariyu asaadhaaranamainadi anie velladinchaadu. akkada unna aneka jantuvulu vintaina shareera nirmaana lakshanaalanu kaligi unnaayi mariyu telisina itara jantuvulato konchem poolika matrame kaligi unnaayi. udaaharanalalo aidu kallu gala "opabinia", vacuum cleaner gottam vanti mukku mariyu "halucigenia" unnaayi, idhi modata talakrindulugaa punarnirminchabadindi, dwaipaakshikamgaa samaroopa vennemukalapai nadustundi.
kenada mariyu unesco paarkulu burgess shale yokka praamukhyatanu gurtinchadamtho, silaajaalanu sekarinchadam 1970la madhya nundi rajakeeyamgaa marinta kashtamaindi. raayal antario museum dwara sekaranalu konasagayi. akasheruka polyontology curator, desmond callins, aneka adanapu avutkroplanu gurtinchindi, stratigraphicga asalu walcott kwari kante ekkuva mariyu takkuva. eee praantaalu adhyayanam cheyagala daanikante vaegamgaa kotta jeevulanu utpatti chestune unnaayi.
1989loe prachurinchabadina stephen jay gouled pustakam "adbhutamaina jeevitam", burgess shale silaajaalanu prajala drushtiki teesukuvacchindi. silaajaala asaadhaarana vaividhyam aaa samayamlo jeeva roopaalu nedu manugada saagistunna vaati kante shareera roopamlo chaalaa bhinnamainavani, mariyu aneka pratyaekamaina vamsaalu antarinchipoyina parinaamaatmaka prayogaalu anie suuchistumdani gouled suuchistumdi. cambrian jantujaalam yokka vaividhyam gurinchi gouled yokka vivarana, charless walcott yokka asalu prachuranala gurinchi saiman conway morris yokka punahvyakhyanam meeda ekkuvagaa aadhaarapadindi. ayithe, daadaapu anni cambrian jantujaalaanni aadhunika failaagaa vargeekarinchavacchani vaadistuu, gouled yokka teermaanaalato kanve morris teevramgaa vibhedinchaaru.
burgess shale bhoomi yokka vaataavaranamloo deerghakaalika bhavishyat maarpulanu adhyayanam chesi anchanaa veyalanukune polyoclematologistla aasaktini aakarshinchindi. 2003loe "dhi life und deth off planet erth" anae pustakamlo peater ward mariyu donald brownley prakaram, vaataavarana saastravettalu cambrian paeludu vaataavaranaanni ardham chesukovadaniki burgess shelloni shilaja recordulanu adhyayanam chestaaru. bhavishyattulo bhoomi yokka vaataavaranam 500 million samvatsaraala paatu vedekkadam mariyu vistaristunna suuryudigaa elaa untundo anchanaa vaeyadaaniki dheenini upayoginchavacchu, ksheenistunna carbon dye oxide mariyu oxygen sthaayilatho kalipi, chivariki bhoomini 3 billion samvatsaraala kritam (modati mokkalu mariyu jantuvulu kanipinchadaaniki mundu) nundi kanipinchani ushnogratala vaipu vaedi chestundi. idhi bhoomipai chivari jeevulu elaa, eppudu chanipoye avakaasam undane avagahananu marinta penchutundi. bhoomi yokka bhavishyattunu kooda chudandi.
1980loe burgess shale sait prapancha vaarasatva pradaesamgaa namodu cheyabadina taruvaata, idhi 1984loe kenadian raathi parvata udyaanavanaala jaabitaalo cherchabadindi.
2014 fibravarilo, dakshinaana unna kootene jaateeya udyaanavanamlo maroka burgess shale bahirgatam kanugonabadinatlu prakatinchaaru. 2013loe kevalam 15 rojulapatu sekarinchina polamlo, kotta pradaesamloe 50 janthu jaatulu velikiteesaaru.
igs bhougolika vaarasatva pradaesam.
eee pradaesam asaadhaaranamaina mruduvaina kanajaala samrakshana, [mariyu kaligi] atyanta puurti cambrian (vuluyan) samudra paryaavarana vyavasthala shilaja rikaardutoe vargeekarinchabadinanduku sambandhinchi, antarjaateeya bhougolika saastraala sangham (ii. yuu. zii) october 2022loe prachurinchina jaabitaalo prapanchavyaaptamgaa 100 'bhougolika vaarasatva pradaesaala' kuurpuloo 'burgess shale cambrian polyontological record' nuu cherchindi. samstha 'igs bhougolika vaarasatva sait' nuu 'bhougolika amsaalu mariyu/ledhaa antarjaateeya shaastreeya auchityam yokka prakriyalatho kuudina keelaka pradaesam' gaa nirvachinchindi, idhi oka suuchanagaa upayoginchabadutundi, mariyu/ledhaa charitra dwara bhougolika saastraala abhivruddhiki gananeeyamaina sahakaaramtho.'
bhougolika nepathyam.
burgess shale yokka shilaja-mose niksheepaalu steffen erpadataaniki, konchem sunnitamaina cheekati matti raalla sekarana, paatadi. sumaru 160 meterla ettaina konda diguvana, tuphaanula samayamlo alala valla aandolana chendina lothu krinda padakalu nikshiptam cheyabaddaayi. eee niluvu konda cathedral nirmaanam yokka sunnitamaina dibbalatho koodi untundi, idhi bahusha burgess shale nikshepanaku kontakaalam mundu erpadindi. khachitamaina nirmaana vidhanam khachitamgaa teliyadu, conny atyanta vistrutamgaa aamodinchabadina parikalpana cathedral nirmaana dibba yokka anchu migilina dibba nundi vaeru cheyabadi, dibba anchuku kontha dhooram-bahusha kilometres dhooramlo ravana cheyabadindani suuchistumdi. taruvaata nirmaanam yokka adugubhaagamlo lopaalanu tirigi sakriyam cheyadam valla daani vichchinnam sumaruga jarigindi. idhi oka nitaruga unna kondanu vadili undedi, dheeni diguva bhaagam tectonic decompression nundi rakshinchabadutundi endukante cathedral nirmaanam yokka sunnapurayi kudimpadam kashtam. cathedral nirmaanam nundi marinta samrakshinchabadina silaajaalu enduku panicheyadam saadhyam kaadani eee rakshana vivaristundi-padakala tectonic squeezing anedi raallanu pagulagotte niluvu cheelikanu utpatti chesindi, kabatti avi silaajaalaku lambamgaa vidipotaayi. walcott kwari atuvanti adbhutamaina silaajaalanu utpatti chesindi endukante idhi steffen erpaatuku chaalaa daggaragaa undhi-vaastavaaniki kwari ippudu cambrian konda anchuku tavvabadindi.
burgess shale anaxic paristhitulalo jama cheyabadindani modata bhaavinchaaru, conny perugutunna parisoedhanalu avakshepanalo nirantaram oxygen undani choopistundi. anaxic amarika kottagaa chanipoyina jeevulanu kshayam nundi rakshinchadame kakunda, jeevula yokka mruduvaina bhaagaalanu samrakshinchadaaniki veelugaa rasayana paristhitulanu kooda srushtistundani bhaavinchaaru. inca, idhi burroing jeevula samruddhini tagginchindi-burralu mariyu trackwaylu "mruduvaina shareera jeevulanu kaligi unna padakalalo kanipistaayi, conny avi arudugaa mariyu saadhaaranamgaa parimita niluvu sthaayilo untaayi. uppuneeti seeps oka pratyaamnaaya parikalpana; marinta samagra charcha kosam burgess shale rakam samrakshana chudandi.
stratigraphy.
burgess shale nirmaanamloo 10 mandhi sabhyulu untaaru, veetilo atyanta prasiddhamainadi pedda phylopad manchamtho kuudina walcott kwari shale sabhyudu.
tafonomy mariyu diagenesis.
aneka itara polchadagina cambrian "loggerstatten" unnaayi; vaastavaaniki ituvanti samavesalu itara kaalaala kante cambrianlo chaalaa saadhaaranam. idhi pradhanamgaa parimita sthaayilo burroing karyakalapala kaaranamgaa undhi; atuvanti bio turbussion cambrian antataa marinta prabalamgaa maarindi, jeevula mruduvaina bhaagaalanu samrakshinchagala saamarthyam unna vaataavaranaalu chaalaa arudugaa marai. (jantuvula puurva-cambrian shilaja namodu chaalaa takkuvagaa mariyu aspashtamgaa undhi.)
biota.
burgess shale yokka biota madhya cambrian nikshaepaalaku vilakshanamainadigaa kanipistundi. kathinamaina bhagalu kaligina jeevulu samaajamlo 14 saatam varaku unnappatikee, adhe jeevulu itara cambrian praantaalalo idhe nishpattilo kanipistaayi. dheeni ardham kathinamaina bhagalu laeni jeevulu yea vidhamgaanainaa asaadhaaranamainavani anukovadaniki etuvanti kaaranam ledhu; chaalaa mandhi vividha vayassu mariyu pradaesaalaku chendina itara loggerstatenlalo kanipistaaru.
biota anedi aneka rakaala jeevulanu kaligi untundi. free-swimming (nectonic) jeevulu saapekshamgaa arudu, ekkuva jeevulu diguva nivaasam (benthic) gaa untaayi-avi chuttoo (vagrant) kadulutaayi ledhaa samudrapu naela (sesile) kii saasvatamgaa anusandhaaninchabadi untaayi. moodinta rendu vantula burgess shale jeevulu burada samudrapu neelalooni sendriya padaarthaalanu tinadam dwara jeevinchaayi, ayithe daadaapu moodava vanthu neeti kaalam nundi suukshma kanaalanu filter chesindi. 10 saatam kante takkuva jeevulu maamsaahaarulu ledhaa scavengerlu, ayithe eee jeevulu peddavi ayinappatikee, biomass prati filter feeding, deposit feeding, predatory mariyu scaveng jeevula madhya samanamga vibhajinchabadindi.
aneka burgess shale jeevulu aadhunika janthu failaalooni kaandam samuuha sabhyulanu suuchistaayi, ayithe konni failaala yokka kireetam samuuha pratinidhulu kooda unnaaru.
burgess shale yokka paleobiota vadda samagra jaabitaanu chudavachu.
burgess shelto kalisi pani cheyadam.
burgess shale yokka silaajaalu nalla shales meeda nalla carbon filmlugaa samrakshinchabaddaayi, anduvalla chaayaachitram teeyadam kashtam; ayithe, vividha photographic paddhatulu pondagalige chitraala naanhyatanu meruguparustaayi. itara paddhatulalo baxcotter sem, elemental mapping mariyu "camera lucida" droying unnaayi.
chitraalu pondina tarvaata, saraina shareera nirmaana punarnirmaanam cheyadaaniki mundu kshayam mariyu tafonomy yokka prabhavalanu lekkinchaali. paatrala kalayikanu parigananaloki teesukovadam valla parisoedhakulu vargeekarana anubandhaanni sthaapinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi.