
chipped-stone cressent

chipped stone cresents anedi pradhanamgaa goppa pareevaahaka praantam, columbia peethabhoomi mariyu california antataa unna puraavastu pradaesaala uparitala bhaagaalato mudipadi unna oka taragati kalakhandam. vaati pampinhee paschima united stateslo ekkuva bhaganni kaligi unnappatikee, ardhachandraalu tarachugaa plays, sarassulu, nadulu mariyu pradhana bhuubhaagam mariyu dveepa tiirapraamtaalatoe sahaa neeti vanarulaku daggaragaa unna sandarbhaalalo kanipistaayi. ardhachandraalu saadhaaranamgaa antima pleastocene mariyu prarambha holocene (sumaruga. 12,000-8, prastutaaniki 1,000 samvatsaraala mundu [ybp]) mariyu ivi venuvu mariyu kaandam kaligina prakshepaka binduvulanu kaligi unna sammelanaalaku praatinidhyam vahistaayi.
ardhachandraala yokka khachitamaina uddesyam teliyadu, conny saastravettalu vaatini prakshepaka binduvugaa haft chesi undavacchu ledhaa visire karralo bhaagamgaa upayoginchi undavacchani suuchistunnaaru. 
ardhachandrakara padanirmaana shaastram.
ardhachandraalu anedi oka rakamaina kalakhandalu ledhaa kalakhandala samuuham, ivi kontavaraku padanirmaanaparamgaa vaividhyamgaa untaayi, conny saadhaaranamgaa dwaipaakshikamgaa samaruupata, rendu mukhaala ottidi poralu, rekkala anchulu kaligi undavacchu mariyu saadhaaranamgaa anchu-grounding kaligi unde chipped-stone saadhananni kaligi untaayi. ardhachandraalu saadhaaranamgaa baga kaalaparimitito kuudina uparitala sandarbhaalaku viruddhamgaa uparitala sammelanaalalo bhaagamgaa kanipistaayi, mariyu manchi kalakramam ledhu, idhi padanirmaana vaividhyam yokka sthaayi kalakramena maarpulanu suuchistumdaa ledhaa thedaalu praantiiya vyakteekaranalanu suchistaya anie suuchistumdi. chandragrahanam padanirmaana shaastram chandragrahanam, rekkalugala mariyu asaadhaarana ardhachandraalatho sahaa moodu samuhaluga upavibhajana cheyabadindi. lunate ardhachandrakaralu saadhaaranamgaa vakra/kumbhakara sameepa parshwa anchunu kaligi untaayi, saadhaaranamgaa neerugaa nundi kumbhakara dhoora parshwa anchutho untaayi. rekkala ardhachandraalu kumbhakara sameepa parshwa anchu mariyu putaakaara dhoora parshwa anchu kaligi untaayi. konni asaadhaarana ardhachandraalu elugubantlu vanti jantuvula aakaaramlo unnatlu varninchabaddaayi, marikonni dantaalu ledhaa mulla anchulanu kaligi untaayi. atyanta saadhaarana padaardhaalalo chert, chalsedony mariyu jasper unnaayi-annee balamaina mariyu mannikaina lithium padaarthaalu ivi obsidian vale pelusugaa undavu; ayithe, idhi arudainappatikee, konni ardhachandraalu obsidiantho tayaaru cheyabaddaayi.
taatkaalika mariyu praadaesika pampinhee.
chipped-stone cresents paschima united stateslo kanipistaayi, pradhanamgaa grate besin, columbia peethabhoomi mariyu californialo uparitala samavesalalo bhaagamgaa-pradhanamgaa pradhana bhuubhaagam mariyu chaanal dveepa teerapraantaalu, alaage shaan jokewin loya mariyu mojave edaari venta. ardhachandraalu antima pleastocene nundi prarambha holocene (12,000-8,000 prastutaaniki [coll bipi] mundu calibrated samvatsaraalu) varaku unna puraavastu sammelanaalato mudipadi unnaayi mariyu 7,500 kelibipi tarvaata puraavastu recordula nundi adrusyamavutaayi. paschima united stateslo ippati varaku namodu cheyabadina vaelaadi ardhachandraalalo, avi kanugonabadina pradaesaalaloo sumaru 94 saatam chittadi neelalu, kavaatulu, nadulu mariyu pluvial sarassulatho sahaa ippatike unna ledhaa antarinchipoyina pedda neeti vanarula nundi 10 kilometres lopala unnaayi.
goppa pareevaahaka praantamloo, ardhachandraalu tarachugaa paaschaatya muula sampradaayaaniki (doubluesty) chendinavigaa vargeekarinchabadina kalakhandala sammelanaalalo kanipistaayi, idhi kalakhandala taragatulato koodi untundi, idhi pedda-aata vetapai drushti saarinchina aardhika vyavasthanu suuchistumdi. eee doubluesty samavesalu sumaruga 500 kelareela bipi varaku vistarinchi unna kaalaparimitini suuchistaayi, idhi antima plystocene mariyu prarambha holocene kaalam varaku vistarinchi undhi-challani mariyu tadi vaataavaranam yokka kaalam, idhi goppa pareevaahaka praantam antataa vandalaadi pluvial sarassulaku maddatu ichindi. pluvial sarassula avashesha bhuu roopaalapai aneka doubleusty sammelanaalu kanipistaayi; ayithe, konni telisina neeti vanarula nundi dhooramgaa unna guhalalo kanipistaayi.
californialo, ardhachandrakarala pampinhee uttaraana sonoma county nundi dakshinaana uttara baja varaku teeram vembadi vistarinchi undhi, dakshina shaan jokewin loyalo lothattu amarikalatho paatu, antarinchipoyina sarassula teerapraantaala venta ardhachandrakaralu tirigi pondabaddaayi. teerapraanta california pradaesaala nundi swaadheenam chesukunna ardhachandraalalo daadaapu moodinta oka vanthu shanta rosa mariyu shaan miguel deevula nundi vachayi. eee dveepaalalo kanipinche aneka ardhachandraalu uparitala kalakhandala chedaragotte pradaesaalatoe mudipadi unnappatikee, stratified uparitala nikshepaala nundi kolukunnavi unnaayi, veetilo chaanal dveepam mulla prakshepakam vanti roganirdhaarana kalakhandalu, alaage neeti pakshulu, samudra pakshulu, samudra ksheeradaalu mariyu chepalatho kuudina janthu sammelanaalu unnaayi.
shaan jokewin loyalo, vaelaadi ardhachandraalu tulare sarassu teeramlo unna pradaesaala nundi udbhavinchaayi, ivi loya yokka dakshina bhaagamlo ekkuva bhaganni kaligi unnaayi. adevidhamgaa, dakshina shaan jokewin loyalo kooda unna antarinchipoyina byuna vista sarassu teerapraantamlooni pradaesaalatoe anubandhinchabadina 200 kelareela bipi, 7,600-8 kuu chendina uparitala niksheepaalaloo kooda ardhachandra sakalaalu kanugonabaddayi.