
tupi prajalu

tupi-gurani bhasha kutumbaala upavibhaagamaina tupi prajalu, brazillo valasaraajyaalaku mundu sthaanika prajala atipedda samoohaalalo okatigaa undevaaru. vaaru modata amazon varshaaranyamlo sthirapadinappatikee, sumaru 2,900 samvatsaraala kritam nundi tupi dakshinam vaipu valasa ravadam praarambhinchi, kramamga aagneya brazil yokka atlantic tiiraanni aakraminchaarani panditulu bhaavistunnaaru.
nedu chaalaa mandhi tupi prajalu gwarani prajalatho vileenam ayi, tupi-gwarani bhashalanu yerparustunnaru. gwarani bhashalu tupian bhashalaku bhashaparamga bhinnamgaa untaayi.
charitra.
portugeesu vaaru modata akkadiki vachinappudu brazil teeramlo moodinta naaluginta oka vanthu tupi prajalu nivasinchaaru. 1500loe, vaari janabha 1 millionga anchanaa veyabadindi, idhi aaa samayamlo portugees janaabhaaku daadaapu samanam. vaaru tegalagaa vibhajinchabaddaaru, prati tega 300 nundi 2,000 mandhi varaku unnaaru. eee tegalaku konni udaaharanalu "tupiniquim", "tupinamba", "potigura", "tabazara", "seates", "temimino", "tamois". tupeelu naipunhyam kaligina vyavasaayadaarulu; vaaru kasava, mokkajonna, teepi bangaalaadumpalu, beans, verusenagalu, pogaaku, squash, patthi mariyu aneka itara pantalanu pandinchevaaru. vaaru oka saadhaarana bhasha matladevaru ayinappatikee ekikruta tupi gurtimpu ledhu.
european valasarajyalu.
tupi prajala unikini kanugonna taruvaata, portugees sthiranivaasulu tamaku elanti matam ledani bhaavinchaaru, eee nammakam tupini kraistava matamlo vileenam chese prakriyanu praarambhinchindi. sthiranivaasulu marinta kramasikshanhatho kuudina matha marpidi mariyu european aacharalanu samsthaagatam cheyalane uddesyamto aldias anie piluvabade tupi kosam gramalanu nirminchadam praarambhinchaaru. tupi vileenam kakunda, poorchugeesulaku upayogakaramgaa unnatlu kanugonabadindi, vaariki vaari egumatulanu saagu cheyadaaniki mariyu ravana cheyadaaniki kaarmikulu avasaramayyaru. pantakota vanarulalo eee upayogam chivariki vaari baanisatvaaniki daariteesindi, tadwara vaaru panichese thotalapai praanaantakamaina european vyaadhulu vyaapinchayi. konni vivikta sanghaalu minaha, eee kaarakaala kalayika dadapuga vaati puurti vinaasanaaniki daariteesindi. eee tegala avasheshaalu nedu sthaanika bhuubhaagaalaku parimitam cheyabaddaayi ledhaa kontavaraku aadhipatya samaajamlo kalisipoyayi.
naramamsa bhakshyam.
pradhanamgaa european rachayitala praathamika muula vruttaamtaala prakaram, tupi aneka tegalagaa vibhajinchabadi, nirantaram okaritho okaru yuddhamlo paalgonevaaru. eee yuddhaalalo tupeelu saadhaaranamgaa tama satruvulanu pattukuni taruvaata naramamsa bhakshana acharalalo champadaaniki prayatnistaaru.
itara tupi tegala nundi swaadheenam chesukunna yodhulanu tintaaru, endukante idhi vaari balam grahinchabadi jeernam kaavadaaniki daariteestundani vaaru vishwasinchaaru; anduvalla, balaheenatanu grahinchagalarane bhayamtho, vaaru balamaina mariyu dhairyavanthulaina yodhulanu matrame tyaagam cheyadaaniki enchukunnaaru. tupi yodhulaku, khaideelugaa unnappudu kooda, yuddha samayamlo dhairyamgaa chanipovadam ledhaa tyaagaaniki daariteese utsavaala samayamlo dhairyanni pradarsinchadam goppa gowravam. tupi vaaru chanipoyina bandhuvula avasheshaalanu gowravinche oka roopamgaa tinadaaniki kooda namodu cheyabaddaayi.
1552loe tupi swaadheenam chesukunna adrushtam kosam brazilku prayaaninchina german sainikudu, navikudu mariyu kirai karmikudu hohns stadden, tupeelalo naramamsa bhakshyam aacharaanni airopalo prasiddhi chesaaru. 1557loe prachurinchina thana vruttaamtamloo, tupi tananu tama graamaaniki teesukuvellaarani, akkada tadupari pandugalo tananu tinestanani cheppaarani chepparu. akkada, athanu oka saktivantamaina adhipati snehaanni geluchukunnadani, atanni oka vyaadhi nundi nayam chesi, athani praanam kaapaadaadani aaropinchabadindi.
european parichayam mariyu mataparamaina jokyam taruvaata brazilloni tupi mariyu itara tegalalo naramamsa bhakshana acharalu kramamga taggai. udaaharanaku, 1541loe spanish vijaeta kabeja dii vaaka shanta kaatarinaaku vachinappudu, athanu speyin raaju paerita naramamsa bhakshana paddhatulanu nishedhinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu.
tupi naramamsa bhakshyam gurinchi mana avagahana ekkuvagaa european rachayitala praathamika muula vruttaamtaalapai aadharapadi unnanduna, naramamsa bhakshyam unikini vidya vargalalo kondaru vivadaspadamga paerkonnaaru. vilium arrence thana pustakam "dhi myaan-eating myth anthropology & antropophagy" loe naramamsa bhakshyam gurinchi stadden mariyu itara rachayitala vruttaamtaalanu apakeerti cheyadaaniki prayatnistaadu, ikkada athanu tupinamba gurinchi matladutu, naramamsa bhakshyam yokka varusa documentation yokka udaaharanhatho vyavaharinchae badulu, manam anumaanaaspada sakshyam yokka oka muulaanni matrame edurkontunnamu, idhi pratyaksha sakshuluga cheppukune itarula vraatapuurvaka nivedikalalo dadapuga padunainadigaa cherchabadindi ".
ayithe, chaalaa mandhi brazilian panditulu tupian samskrutilo naramamsa bhakshyam yokka saamskrutika kendrabinduvunu dhruveekarinchaaru. tupi gurinchi chaaritraka vruttaamtaalanu lothugaa adhyayanam chesina maanava shaastravetta darsey ribiro, tupi-gurani bhasha mariyu saamskrutika kutumbaaniki chendina kaa 'pore prajalu tama puurveekulu 16va sataabdamloo vivarinchina maadirigaane maanavasaastra aacharalanu aacharinchaarani dhruveekarinchaarani nivedinchaaru. itara brazilian panditulu chaaritraka vyatiraekatagaa bhaavinchinanduku, mariyu mukhyamaina muulaalanu (jesuit aksharalu) mariyu chaaritraka mariyu maanavasaastra adhyayanalanu (viviros dii castro, florestan fernandes, estevo pinto, helen clasters) vismarinchinanduku, vaarilo chaalaa mandhi sthaanika prajalatho neerugaa vyavaharinchaevaaru, idhi maanavasaastraanni saamaajika mariyu saamskrutika abhyasamga baga sthaapinchina disanu suuchistumdi. europeanlu naramamsa bhakshyam vanti saampradaaya paddhatula ardhaanni ardham chesukovadamlo viphalamayyaarani grahinchadam dwara kakunda, vaati unikini puurtigaa khandinchadam dwara, krooratvamtho tupi anubandhaanni apakeerti cheyadaaniki prayatninchinanduku ayana pratyaekamgaa vimarsinchabaddaadu.
rays-mixing mariyu "kunhadismo".
brazilian prajala erpaatuku chaalaa mandhi sthaanika prajalu mukhyamainavaaru, conny pradhana samuuham tupi. 16va sataabdamloo portugees anveshakulu brazilku vachinappudu, tupi vaaritho parichayam kaligi unna modati swadeshi samuuham. twaralone, portugees sthiranivaasulu mariyu sthaanika mahilala madhya kalise prakriya praarambhamaindi. portugees valasavaadulu arudugaa mahilalanu teesukuvacchaaru, sthaanika mahilalanu "brazilian prajala santanotpatti maatruka" gaa marcharu. modati europeanlu vachinappudu, "kunhadismo" (portugees "kunhado", "baavamaridi" nundi) anae drugvishayam kaalaneelo vyaapti chendadam praarambhinchindi. "kunhadismo" anedi aparichitulanu vaari samaajamlo cherchukune paatha sthaanika sampradaayam. sthaanikulu poorchugeesuku oka sthaanika ammayini bharyaga icchaaru. athanu angeekarinchina tarvaata, athanu tegaloni sthaanikulandaritho bandhutva bandhaanni yerparachukunnadu. dakshina america sthaanika prajalalo saadhaaranamaina bahubhaaryaatva paddhatini european setilarlu twaragaa sweekarinchaaru. eee vidhamgaa, oka european purushudu dozenla koddi sthaanika bharyalanu ("temericos") kaligi undavacchu.
"kunhadismo" nuu kaarmikula niyamakamga upayoginchaaru. poorchugeesulaku aneka "temericolu" undavacchu, anduvalla athani kosam pani cheyadaaniki prerepinchabadina bhaarii sankhyalo sthaanika bandhuvulu, mukhyamgaa pou-braasilnu kattirinchi teeramloni noukalaku teesukelladaaniki. eee prakriyaloo, oka pedda mishrama jaathi (mameluko) janabha erpadindi, idhi vaastavaaniki brazilnu aakraminchindi. kunhadismo" aacharam lekunda, portugees valasarajyam aacharana saadhyam kaaledu. brazillo portugees purushula sankhya chaalaa takkuvagaa undhi mariyu portugees mahilala sankhya inca takkuvagaa undhi. sthaanika mahilala garbhaalalo mishrama jaathi prajala vistarana eee bhoobhaganni aakraminchadaaniki mariyu eee praantamloo portugees unikini ekikrutam cheyadaaniki dohadapadindi.
brazillo prabhavam.
tupi janabha ekkuvagaa airopa vyaadhula kaaranamgaa adrushyamainappatiki, vatiki etuvanti pratighatana ledhu ledhaa baanisatvam kaaranamgaa, talli tupi puurveekula pedda janabha brazilian bhoobhaagamlo ekkuva bhaganni aakraminchi, puraatana sampradaayaalanu desamloni aneka praantaalaku teesukuvellindi. darsey ribiro modati brazilianla lakshanaalu portugees kante chaalaa ekkuva tupi anie, vaaru matlade bhasha kooda 18va sataabdam varaku brazilloni neengatu ledhaa lingwa geral anae tupi aadhaarita bhasha anie raasaaru. 17va sataabdamloo bandirantes paerutoe brazil bhuubhaagam antataa, amazon varshaaranyaala nundi dakshinaana varaku vyaapinchina mamelucose vistaranalo saavo paalo praantam atipeddadi. brazil lopali bhaagamlo iberian samskruti yokka pradhana vistaranaku avi kaaranamayyaayi. vaaru ontarigaa nivasinchina sthaanika tegalanu samskarinchaaru, inca portugeesu kaani, neengatu anae valasavaadula bhashanu kaalaneelooni atyanta niraasrayulaina muulalaku teesukellaaru. tupi matlade sthaanikulu akkada nivasinchanappatikii, amejaanloni konni praantaalalo neengatu ippatikee matladataru. desamloni itara praantaala maadirigaane neengatu bhashanu 17va sataabdamloo saavo paalo nundi bandirantes pravesapettaaru. paatha" "polystala" jeevana vidhananni sthaanikulatho daadaapu gandaragolaniki guricheyavacchu ". kutumbamlo neengatu matrame matladevaru. vyavasayam, vaeta, chepalu pattadam, pandla sekarana kooda swadeshi sampradaayaalapai aadharapadi undevi. battalu, uppu, lohapu panimutlu, aayudhalu mariyu itara european vastuvula vadakam "paatha polystalanu" tupi nundi vaeru chesindi.
pedda tupi prabhavam unna eee praantaalu market aardhika vyavasthalo vileenam kavadam praarambhinchinappudu, brazilian samajam kramamga daani tupi lakshanaalanu kolpovadam praarambhinchindi. portugees bhasha aadhipatyam chelaayinchindi mariyu lingua geral vaastavamgaa adrusyamaindi. egumati saamarthyaanni penchadaaniki graameena swadeshi utpatti paddhatulanu european paddhatulu bharti chesaayi. brazilian portugees tupi nundi aneka padaalanu grahinchindi. tupi nundi vacchina portugees padaalaku konni udaaharanalu "mingou, mirim, soko, katukar, tikinho, perera, taatu". arara" ("makaa"), "jackeray" ("dakshina america elegator"), "tucano" ("tookon")-mariyu vrukshajaalam-vanti aneka sthaanika jantujaalam paerlu-udhaa.zii. "mandioca" ("" unmaadam "") mariyu "" abocoxy "" ("" painapil "") kooda tupi bhasha nundi udbhavinchaayi ". aadhunika brazilloni aneka pradaesaalu mariyu nagaralaku tupi ("itaquaquesetuba", "pindamonhamgaba", "kaaruuru", "ipanema") anae paeru pettaru. maanava namalalo "ubirajara", "ubirata", "moma", "jussara", "jurema", "janaina" unnaayi. tupi intiperlu unnaayi, conny avi nijamaina tupi puurveekulanu suuchimchavu; badulugaa avi brazilian jaateeyavaadaanni pradarsinche maargamgaa sweekarinchabaddaayi.
tupinamba" tega nelson pereira daas santos yokka 1971 vyangya chitram "hou tasty vaas mye little french maan" ("como eraa gostoso oo miyu frances") loe kalpitamgaa chithreekarinchabadindi. dheeni paerunu shaastram kooda sweekarinchindih "tupinambis" anedi brazilloni atyanta prasiddha ballulu ayina tegus yokka oka jaathi.
2006loe brazil teeramlo kanugonabadina pedda samudrateera tupi chamuru kshetraaniki tupi prajala gouravaartham paeru pettaru.
gwaranilu dakshina brazil, uruguye, parague mariyu uttara argentinalo nivasinche vaerae sthaanika samuuham mariyu vibhinnamaina gwarani bhashalanu matladataru, ayithe ivi tupi bhaashatho samaanamaina bhasha kutumbamlo unnaayi.

