
moodu mailla dveepa anhu utpatti kendram

moodu mailla dveepa anhu utpatti kendram (saadhaaranamgaa tmi anie sankshipteekarinchabadindi) anedi moodu mailla dveepamlo londonderry township, doffin county, pensylvanialo frederic sarassu meeda unna oka moosivesina anhu vidyut kendram, idhi harrisburgku dakshinaana unna suskwehanna nadiloe oka jalaasayam. dheeniki rendu ververu unitlu unnaayi, tmi-1 (nakshatrarashi shakti yajamanyamlo) mariyu tmi-2 (energisolutionla yajamanyamlo).
marchi 28,1979naa tmi-2 paakshikamgaa karigipoyinappudu, united states vaanijya anusaktilo atyanta mukhyamaina pramaadaaniki eee plant pradaesam. nuclear regulatory commission (nrc) nivedika prakaram, eee pramaadamloo plant kaarmikulu ledhaa sameepamloni communitylalo etuvanti maranaalu ledhaa gayalu sambhavinchaledu. tadupari epidemiology adhyayanalu pramaadaaniki mariyu cancerla perugudalaku madhya kaaranaanni kanugonaledu. pani nundi tolaginche samayamlo oka pani sambandhita maranam sambhavinchindi.
tmi-2 reactor core appati nundi sait nundi tolaginchabadindi, conny sait puurtigaa nilipiveyabadaledu. juulai 1998loe, american energy (ippudu excellan generation) saadhaarana praja viniyogaala nundi $100 millionlaku tmi-1 konugolu cheyadaaniki angeekarinchindi.
eee karmagaranni modata general public utilities corporation nirminchindi, taruvaata dheenini gpu gaa paeru marcharu. eee karmagaranni gpu energy division anubandha samstha ayina metropolitan edison company (mett-edd) nirvahinchindi. 2001loe, gpu ink. fust energy corporationlo vileenam cheyabadindi. december 18,2020naa-nrc nundi aamodam pondina taruvaata, pradhama shakti unit 2 yokka licensenu energisolutions anubandha tmi-2 parishkaaraalaku badilee chesindi.
exelone 2015 nundi aardhika nashtamtho unit 1nii nirvahistondi. pensylvania prabhutvam nundi charya teesukokapothe adhika kharchula kaaranamgaa unit 1 vadda karyakalapalanu nilipiveyadaanni pariseelistaamani 2017loe company telipindi. unit 1 september 20,2019 madhyahnam adhikarikamga moosiveyabadindi.
unit 1 upasamharana 2079loe puurtavutumdani, dheeni kharchu $1.2 biliyanlu untundani bhaavistunnaaru. 1979loe pramaadam jariginappati nundi nidraanamgaa unna unit 2,2052loe moosiveyabadutundani bhaavistunnaaru.
atyavasara praantaalu mariyu sameepa janabha.
nrc anhu vidyut plantla chuttoo rendu atyavasara pranaalika mandalaalanu nirvachistundihi pradhanamgaa gaalilo rediyodhaarmika kaalushyaaniki gurikavadam mariyu peelchadam gurinchi, mariyu pradhanamgaa rediyodhaarmikata dwara kalushitamaina aaharam mariyu dravam teesukovadamto sambandham unna sumaruga oka injection paath vae john.
2010 U.ess. moodu mailla dveepamlooni janabha 211,261, idhi oka dasaabdamloo 10.9 saatam perugudala anie yuu vislaeshanha telipindi.ess. janabha ganana dayta. 2010 U.ess. 2000 nundi janabha 10.3 saatam perigindi. 50 maillalopu unna nagarallo harrisburg (city centarku 12 maillu), yark (city centarku 13 maillu), mariyu lancaster (city centarku 24 maillu) unnaayi.
vidyut utpatti.
2018loe daani chivari puurti samvatsaramlo, moodu mailla dveepam 7,355 gigawatla vidyuttunu utpatti chesindi. adhe samvatsaramlo, pensylvanialo utpatti ayye mottam vidyuttulo anushakti nundi vachhe vidyuttunu sumaru 39 saatam utpatti chesindi (mottam 215 retlu anhu vidyut utpatti chese 83.5 retlu), moodu mailla dveepa utpatti kendram raashtravyaapta mottam utpattiki sumaru 4 saatam dohadam chesindi. 2021loe pensylvania rashtram sumaru 241 retlu ganta mottam vidyuttunu utpatti chesindi.
moodu mailla dveepam unit 1.
moodu mailla dveepam unit 1 anedi 819 million million dollarla nikara utpatti saamardhyamtho babcock & wilcox roopondinchina ottidi neeti reactor. tmi-1 yokka prarambha nirmaana vyayam 2018 dollarlalo $biliyanlaku samanamga undhi. unit 1 modatisaarigaa april 19,1974naa aanlainlo vachindi, mariyu september 2,1974naa vaanijya karyakalapalanu praarambhinchindi. tmi-1 daani modati runn nundi 40 samvatsaraala paatu panicheyadaaniki licenses pondindi, mariyu 2009loe, 20 samvatsaraalu podiginchabadindi, antey idhi april 19,2034 varaku panichesi undavacchu.
tmi-1 rendu sahaja draft cooling towerlanu upayoginchi daani pradhana condensor kosam closed-saikil cooling systemnu kaligi undhi. towerlaloo aaviri kavadam dwara kolpoyina neetini bharti cheyadaaniki nadhi nundi makeup vaatarnu teesaaru. nadhi neetitho okasari challabarachadam anedi seva neeti vyavastha kosam upayoginchabadutundi, idhi sahayaka bhaagaalanu challabarustundi mariyu reactor moosiveyabadinappudu kshayam vaedini tolagistundi. fibravari 17,1979naa, tmi-1 indhanam nimpadam kosam offlinelo vellindi. praja vyatiraekata, aneka federal kortu aadesaalu mariyu konni saanketika mariyu niyantrana samasyala taruvaata-idhi praarambhamlo offlinelo vellina aaru samvatsaraalaku paiga-october 9,1985naa aanlainlo tirigi teesukuvacchaaru.
excellan rashtram nundi raayiteela kosam etuvanti kattubaatlanu andukoledani prakatinchina taruvaata, unit 1 september 2019 natiki muusivaeyabadaalani nirnayinchaaru, tadwara excellan reactor nirvahananu konasaginchalekapoyindi. tmi-1 september 20,2019naa moosiveyabadindi.
sanghatanalu.
1993 fibravarilo, oka vyakti thana kaarunu tmi anhu karmagaram vadda oka checkpoint gundaa nadipinchi, aapai pravesha dwaaram gundaa doosukelladu. chivariki athanu kaarunu surakshitamaina talupu dwara dheekotti, unit 1 turbine bhavanamloki pravesinchaadu. manasika anaaroogyam charitra kaligina chorabaatudaarudu turbine bhavanamlo daakkuni naalugu gantala tarvaata pattubaddadu.
september 11 daadula samayamlo mariyu taruvaata, united airlines flight 93 moodu mailla dveepam vaipu velutunnanduku naitika bhayandolana erpadindi. aaa roeju, nrc desamloni anhu vidyut kendralannintini atyunnata sthaayi bhadratalo unchindi. united flight 93 pensylvanialoni shanksville velupala unna stonicric townshiplooni moodu mailla dveepamlo 135 mailla paschimaana (217 kimmy) oka polamlo koolipoyindi, daani asalu lakshyam washington, dii.sii.
november 21,2009naa, kaarmikulu gottalanu kattiristunnappudu tmi-1 yokka niyantrana bhavanam lopala rediyodhaarmikata vidudala jarigindi. exelone corporation prajalaku ilaa perkondi, "kotta aaviri generatorlanu lopaliki taralinchadaaniki anumatinchadaaniki containment bhavanam godaloki taatkaalika prarambha kattirimpu vadda oka monetor readinglo swalpa perugudalanu choopinchindi, aapai saadhaarana sthithiki tirigi vachindi. telikapati radiation exposure kosam sumaru 20 mandhi udyogulaku chikitsa andinchaaru.", containment bhavanam nundi etuvanti radiation tappinchukoledani mariyu prajalaku etuvanti pramaadam ledani nammutaaru. reactor piping vyavasthalooni chinna vikiranam kanaalanu tolaginchina containment bhavanam lopala gaali peedanam maaradam valla lopali gaalilo kalushyam sambhavinchindi. konni chinna kanaalu bhavanam lopala gaalilo pravahinchaayi mariyu atuvanti padaarthaanni gurtinchadaaniki monetarla shreni dwara gurtinchabaddaayi. antaraayam kaaryakalaapaalaku maddatugaa bhavanam lopala ventilation fyaanlu prarambhamainappudu gaali peedana maarpu sambhavinchindi. bhavishyattulo gaali peedana maarpulanu nivaarinchadaaniki sait ventilation vyavasthanu savarinchindi. marusati roeju kooda eee project pani konasaagindi. 2010 janavari 24naa, tmi-1nii aanlainlo tirigi teesukuvacchaaru.
padaartha nirvahana pramaadam.
september 10,2021naa, alabaamaaku chendina oka contractor oka trucku nundi parikaraalanu dinchetappudu teevramgaa gayapaddadu. london daar township nundi agnimaapaka mariyu atyavasara vaidya sibbandini pampinchi, akkadiki cherukune samayaniki contractor chanipoyinatlu prakatinchaaru. anhu niyantrana commission gaayam paniki sambandhinchinadani, contractor radiological niyantrita praantaaniki velupala unnaadani telipindi.
moodu mailla dveepam unit 2.
moodu mailla dveepam unit 2 kooda unit 1 maadirigaane bii & doubleu nirminchina ottidi neeti reactor. oke thedaa emitante, tmi-1 thoo poliste tmi-2 906 endabluee nikara utpatti saamardhyamtho konchem peddadi, idhi 819 endablueeni andistundi. unit 2 fibravari 8,1978naa daani nirvahana licensenu pondindi, mariyu december 30,1978naa vaanijya karyakalapalanu praarambhinchindi. 1979loe moodu mailla dveepa pramaadam taruvaata tmi unit 2 saasvatamgaa moosiveyabadindi.
pramaadavasaattu.
marchi 28,1979naa, sheetaleekarana vyavasthalo lopam reactor core paakshikamgaa karigipovadaniki kaaranamaindi. eee sheetaleekarana nashtam phalitamgaa sumaru 43,000 curies (1.59 pbq) rediyodhaarmika crypton-85 vayuvu (sagam jeevitam 10 samvatsaraalu), mariyu 20 curies (740 gbq) kante takkuva mukhyamgaa pramaadakaramaina iodine-131 (sagam jeevitam 8 rojulu), chuttupakkala vaataavaranamloki vidudala cheyabaddaayi.
eee pramaadam kaaranamgaa daadaapu 2 millionla mandhi prajalu radiationku gurayyaru. varald nuclear association sameekshalo pramaadam valla etuvanti maranaalu, gayalu ledhaa pratikuula aarogya prabhavalu levani nirdhaarinchabadindi mariyu columbia vishwavidyaalayam epidemiologist maureen haach nivedika eee anveshananu dhruveekarinchindi. aarogya samasyala kaaranamgaa, pensylvania aarogya vibhagam pramaadam jarigina samayamlo tmi lopala nivasinchina 30,000 mandiki paiga prajala registreeni unchindi. 1997 varaku daadaapu 20 samvatsaraala paatu registry unchabadindi, appudu asaadhaarana aarogya prabhaavaalaku etuvanti aadharalu kanugonabadaledu. tadupari epidemiology adhyayanalu pramaadam phalitamgaa cancerlo etuvanti perugudalanu choopinchaledu. ayithe, konasagutunna vyaajyamlo tama gaayaala gurinchi charchinchakudadani angeekarinchina prajalaku beema parishkaralalo daadaapu $25 millionlu chellinchabaddaayi.
pramaadam jariginappati nundi unit 2 panicheyaledu.
"pramaadam jarigina 14 samvatsaraala taruvaata, augustu 14,1993naa "dhi newyork times", subhraparachadam puurtayindani nivedinchindi. united states nrc prakaram, 23 laksala gallenla vyardha neetini tolaginchaaru.
eee sanghatana antarjaateeyamgaa vistrutamgaa pracharam cheyabadindi, mariyu prajaabhipraayampai, mukhyamgaa united stateslo suduura prabhavalanu choopindi. "eee ghatanaku 12 rojula mundu vidudalaina, cinema prekshakula nundi adbhutamaina aadarana pondina anhu vipattu gurinchina chitram "dhi chaina syndrome" blockbuster hitt ayindi.
unit 2 generator.
janavari 22,2010naa, tmi vadda debbatinna unit 2 reactor nundi vidyut generatornu uttara karolinaloni nyuu hill looni shearon haaris anhu karmagaramlo upayoginchanunnatlu nrc adhikarulu prakatinchaaru. generator rendu bhagaluga ravana cheyabadindi, dheeni baruvu mottam 670 tannulu. 2010 navambarulo shearon haaris enn. pii. pii. vadda indhanam nimpadam antaraayam samayamlo dheenini punaruddharinchi, vyavasthaapinchaaru. 1979loe paakshikamgaa karigipoyinappati nundi tmi yokka unit 2 reactor moosiveyabadindi.
pramaadaanantaram.
exelone corporation october 2000loe varusaga philadelphia mariyu chikagola peco energy company mariyu unicom vileenam dwara srushtinchabadindi. unicom yaajamaanyamloni commonwealth edison. 2000 chivarilo amergenlo peco vatanu exelone konugolu chesindi. exelone 2003loe amergenlo british energy vatanu konugolu chesindi, mariyu daani exelone anhu vyapara unit yokka pratyaksha yajamanyam mariyu operation kinda unit 1nii badilee chesindi. exelone corporation prakaram, "moodu mailla dveepam ippatikee vidyutnu utpatti chestondani, 800,000 gruhaalaku vidyutnu andinchadaaniki saripotundani telusukunnappudu chaalaa mandhi aascharyapotaaru" daani debbatinani mariyu puurtigaa panichese reactor unit 1 nundi. exelone sahaja vayuvu yokka takkuva dhara $25/mwh kaaranamgaa plant yokka $44/mwh aardhika vyavasthanu savaluga chusindi. 2016 natiki, eee praantamloo vidyut sagatu dhara $39/mwh.
moosiveta.
juun 20,2017naa, moodu mailla dveepam yokka unit 1 yajamaanulu exelone generation, pensylvania saasanasabha anhu parisramanu rakshinchakapothe, september 30,2019naa karmagaranni moosiveyaalane daani uddesam gurinchi adhikaarika noteesunu anhu niyantrana commissionku pampaaru, idhi kottagaa kanugonna sahaja vayuvu vanarulu vidyut dharalanu tagginchadamtho pootii padataniki kashtapadutondi. exelone taram senior vais president bryan hanson okasari moodu mailla dveepaanni moosivesina tarvaata, daanini mallee upayogam kosam tirigi teravalemani paerkonnaadu. exelone yokka uttama paniteeru kaligina vidyut plantlalo okati ayinappatikee, gatha ardha dasaabdamloo unit 1 samstha $300 millionlaku paiga kolpoyindi.
unit 1 yokka moosiveta rendu saadhyamaina disalalo vellavacchu, modatidi rediyodhaarmika indhanaanni plant nundi dhooramgaa taralinchina tarvaata takshana tolagimpu. kharchu chesina indhanaanni pool nundi teesivesi, nilva dabbaallo unchina tarvaata, dabbalanu nilva kosam ISFSI pyaadku badilee chesi, dabbaalu vaatini doow repositoryki teesukelle varaku tolagimpu konasaagavacchu. eee vidhamgaa karmagaranni kuulchivaeyadaaniki 8 nundi 10 samvatsaraala varaku padutundi. exelone teesukogala rendava empika deerghakaalika nilva, indulo mokkanu mothbal cheyadam mariyu bhavanalanu puurtigaa koolchivese mundu 60 samvatsaraala varaku radiation daani swantha pramaadakaram kaani sthaayiki ksheeninchadaaniki anumatinchadam untundi. deerghakaalika nilvaku prayojanam emitante, tolagimpu prarambhamainappudu radiation lekapovadam, conny pratikuulata emitante tolagimpu samayamlo arhata kaligina kaarmikulu lekapovadam. exelone sambhaavya 60 samvatsaraalalo plant yokka parimita nirvahana mariyu bhadrata kosam kooda chellinchaalsi untundi. kharchu chesina indhanam mottam londonderry township sadupaayaaniki taralinchabadutundi, idhi puurti cheyadaaniki dasaabdaalu pattagala maroka prakriya.
daadaapu 70 mandhi rashtra saasanasabhyulu parisrama-prerepita anhu kuutamipai santakam chesaaru, conny etuvanti aardhika kattubaatlu cheyaledu.
2019 eprillo, exelone daadaapu 60 samvatsaraalalo $1.2 billionla kharchu avtundani, unit 1 puurtigaa upasamharinchukodaaniki, 2019 september 20naa moosiveyabadindi.
2022loe, excellan nundi verucheyabadina taruvaata unit 1 nakshatrarashi saktiki badilee cheyabadindi. unit 2 kooda trividha ess bhaagaswaamulaku badilee cheyabadindi, llc-vaaru energisolutionlanu pondina taruvaata.
upasamharana.
1979loe tmi-2 pramaadam taruvaata, reactor nauka mariyu anubandha vyavasthala nundi sumaru 99 saatam indhanam mariyu debbatinna pradhana sidhilaalanu tolaginchi, idaho jalapaatam sameepamloni idaho jaateeya prayogasaalaku ravana chesaaru. 1993 nundi, plant yokka prarambha subhraparachadam puurtayinappati nundi, tmi-2 post defueling monetared storage (pdms) anie piluvabade sthithilo undhi mariyu plant yokka bhadrata mariyu sthirathvaanni nirdhaarinchadaaniki nirantara paryaveekshanhaloo undhi.
moodu mailla dveepamlo moosivesina anhu reactor mariyu sambandhita nirmaanaalanu nilipiveyadaaniki $918 millionla kharchu avtundani anchanaa.
bhookampa pramaadam.
augustu 2010loe prachurinchina nrc adhyayanam prakaram, moodu mailla dveepamlo reactorku pradhana nashtam kaliginchenta teevramaina bhookampam vachhe pramaadam prati samvatsaram untundani anhu niyantrana commission anchanaa 25,000loe 1gaa undhi.

