
zaan gatenby bolton

zaan gatenby bolton (5 juun 1922-6 juulai 1993) radeo khagola shaastram abhivruddhiki praadhamikamaina british-australian khagola shaastravetta. pratyekinchi, vivikta radeo vanarulu nakshatraala kante galaxylu ledhaa suuparnoevaala avasheshaalu anie sthaapinchadamlo bolton samagramainadi. kwasarla aavishkaranalo mariyu paala maargaaniki kendramgaa kooda ayana mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchaaru. australialo parkes radeo telescope prarambha directorga panichesina bolton, californialo ovens valley radeo observatoryni sthaapinchaaru. bolton vidyaarthulu prapanchamlooni chaalaa radeo observatorylalo director padavulanu kaligi unnaaru mariyu okaru nobel bahumati graheeta. australialo khagola shaastram abhivruddhilo bolton keelaka vyaktigaa pariganinchabaddaadu.
prarambha jeevitam.
zaan gatenby bolton 1922loe united kingdamloni shefield loe iddaru unnata paatasaala upaadhyaayulaku janminchaadu. thana yavvanamlo teevramaina ubbasam mariyu migrainelu vanti vividha vyaadhulatoe badhapadutunnappudu, bolton kreedalu, ganitam mariyu vignaana saastrampai prarambha aasakti mariyu naipunyaanni choopinchaadu. ataniki secondary king edward VII paatasaalaku scholarship labhinchindi, conny athani tandri jeetam sadhana-pareekshinchina scholarship parimiti kante ekkuvagaa unnanduna athani kutumbam puurti rusumu chellinchaalsi vachindi. king edward VII paatasaalalo, athanu prefectga ennikayyaadu mariyu athani chivari samvatsaramlo paatasaala yokka ganita bahumatini andukunnadu. athani pempakam 1920luu mariyu 1930la united kingdamlo madhyataragatigaa pariganinchabadutundi.
1940loe cambridgeloni trinity kalasalalo swachchamaina ganitam mariyu sahaja tatvasaastram adhyayanam cheyadaaniki boltonku oka sthalam, mariyu athani pheejulu mariyu jeevana kharchulanu teerchadaaniki rendu scholarshiplu labhinchaayi. rendava prapancha yuddham kaaranamgaa, athani degreeni moodu samvatsaraala nundi rendu samvatsaraalaku tagginchaaru. thana rendava samvatsaramlo, bolton ganita shaastram kante bhouthika saastrampai drushti pettaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. 1942 maeloe rendava taragati gowravaalatho ayana thana degreeni puurti chesaaru. gatamlo thana brundamlo moodava sthaanamlo nilichina vidyaarthiki sagatu phalitam ayithe, athani talli ksheeninchi, bolton pareeksha samayamlo maraninchindi.
rendava prapancha yuddham mariyu radar pani.
bolton thana chivari pareekshalu puurti chesina taruvaata sainyamlo cheraadu, mariyu naukala patla tanakunna prema kaaranamgaa naavikaadalaanni enchukunnadu. athanu raayal naevii volunteer reservelo sub-leftinentga niyaminchabaddaadu. hcmnb portsmouth vadda adhikari sikshanalo unnappudu athanu gaalilo unde radar parisoedhana mariyu abhivruddhini enchukunnadu.
rendava prapancha yuddhamlo radar gurinchi bolton anubhavam athani bhavishyat radeo khagola shaastra vruttini bhaareega prabhaavitam chese keelaka sambandhaalu mariyu anubhavalanu sthaapistundi. bolton yokka modati yuddha post rendu teerapraanta radar stationlaku baadhyata vahinchindi mariyu raatri yuddha vimanalalo taja radar setlanu pareekshinchindi. 1942 chivarilo, bolton britton yokka yuddhakaala radar parisoedhana mariyu abhivruddhi pradhana kaaryaalayamaina telecommunications research sthaapanaku badilee cheyabadindi. eee pradaesamloe athanu martin rail thoo sahaa yuddhaanantara radeo khagola shaastra prayatnaala naayakulalo chaalaa mandini kalisaaru.
telecommunications research sthaapanalo, bolton modata 3 centimeters tarangadairghyamto panichese kotta gaalilo unde radar vyavasthanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki panicheesaaru, indulo vimaanaala samayamlo vistrutamaina pareeksha kooda undhi. dii-day landing samayaniki, bolton inflight testing raadaartho alasipoyindi. aayanaku british telikapati vimaana vaahaka nowkaloo radeo adhikari padavini andinchaaru. atuvanti sthaanam bolton nuu anni vaimanika electronics, ooda nundi vimaana samachara marpidi mariyu navigational sahaayaalaku baadhyata vahinchela chesindi. sahayaka noukagaa, etuvanti pedda nashtam nivedinchabadakunda, sahetukamaina surakshitamaina yuddha anubhavam kaligi undhi. electronics thoo thana naipunyaanni abhivruddhi chesukunna ghanata, taruvaata samudra-sikharaala interferometernu nirminchadaaniki sahayapade aalochanalu bolton anubhavam.
1945loe rendava prapancha yuddham mugisinappudu, pasiphik theatres saruku mariyu sibbandini tirigi australiaku pampinchaaru. 1945 decemberulo britanku tirigi vachinappudu, bolton sidneylone undaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. vaataavarana vaataavaranam athani aarogyampai choope saanukuula prabhavam kaaranamgaa australianu thana kotta nivasamga marchukodaniki enchukunnadi, conny cambridge vishwavidhyaalayamloni cavendish prayogasaalalo post graduate adhyayanaalalo namodu chesukovadaniki athani darakhaastu tiraskarinchabadindi. athani sankshipta yuddhakaala under graduate degreeni poestu graduate adhyayanam kosam taginanta sikshana ledani cavendish prayogasaala adhipati laurence bragg bhaavinchaaru.
csir, signus mariyu sea-cliff interferometer.
naukaadalaanni vidichipettina taruvaata, bolton australialo thana naukaadala sambandhaala dwara udyogam kosam vetikaaru. anubhavagnula kosam panini kanugonadamlo anubandhinchabadina oka prabhutva adhikari dwara, csir yokka radiophysics prayogasaala adhipati toffey bovennu kalavadaniki boltonku appointment ivvabadindi. radar paddhatula anuvartanaaniki sambandhinchi parisoedhana mariyu abhivruddhi' vidhulatho bolton tvaralo kotta parisoedhanaa adhikari padaviki niyaminchabaddaadu. radiophysics prayogasaala radar saanketika parignaanamlo naipunhyam aaa samayamlo prapancha sthaayiga undedi, endukante rendava prapancha yuddham prarambhamainappudu britton radar rahasyanni daani aadhipatyaalatho panchukundi mariyu saapekshamgaa pedda australian radeo physics community kaaranamgaa inglaandlooni ayano aavarana bhouthika saastravettalato sannihita sambandhaalu kaligi undhi.
suuryarashmi kiranaala dhruveekarana lakshanaalanu kolavadaniki boltonnu modata ketaayinchaaru, rendava prapancha yuddhamlo suuryudu radeo prakaasavantamgaa unnaadani iteevala nirdhaarinchabadinanduna churukaina parisoedhana praantam. bolton rendu yaagi antennalanu nirminchi, vaatini sidneylooni dover ettulalo erpaatu chesaaru. ayithe, suuryudu nidraanamaina kaalamloki pravesinchaadu, daani uparitalampai suuryarashmi macchalu laevu. cambridge vishwavidhyaalayamlo unna samayamlo paalapunta nundi radeo udgaaram kanugonabadinatlu telusukunna bolton, hcms unicorn meeda pariseelanala nundi, suuryudi vanti itara radeo prakaasavantamaina nakshatraalu undavacchani oohinchaaru.
athani antar drushtini anusarinchi, bolton mariyu athani sahodyogi broose sleeve rendu yaagi antennalanu kshitija samaantaramgaa chuupimchaaru mariyu antennalanu swayamgaa upayoginchadam dwara saadhyamainanta ekkuva spashtatanu pondadaaniki parikaraalanu samudra-cliff interferometerga upayoginchaaru. atuvanti nirnayam bolton baas jooe paavsetho pratyaksha sangharshanaku daariteestundi, athanu suuryuni vaipu chuupani antennalanu kanugonna taruvaata sambhaavya suuryagrahanam yaatra kosam yaagi antennalanu roopondinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki boltonnu tirigi niyaminchaadu. ayithe, dandayaatra kuppakoolindi mariyu rojulo kotta parikaraalatoe suuryudini gamaninchamani boltonku mallee aadesinchabadindi, conny itara sambhaavya radeo muulaalanu parisoedhinchadaaniki raatri samayamlo parikaraalanu upayoginchadaaniki anumatinchabadindi.
paavsetho charchala dwara, stanley hay nivedinchina signus kootamilo radeo muulam gurinchi viruddhamaina nivedikalu unnayani bolton telusukunnadu. gordan stanlytho, eee janta samudra-cliff interferometertho dakshina aakaasam yokka nissara sarvenu puurti chesindi. vaaru prakaasavantamaina signus muulam unikini dhruveekarinchaaru, taruvaata signus eah anie paeru pettaru, conny hay nivedinchina daanikante gananeeyamgaa bhinnamaina sthithilo, mariyu centaurus nakshatra samudaayam sameepamlo mariyu signus anchuna rendu balaheenamaina vanarulu unnaayi. eee ratriputa pariseelana samayamlone bolton khagola bhouthika shaastra patrikalo iteevali prachuranalanu upayoginchi khagola bhouthika saastraanni ekkuvagaa swayamgaa neerchukunnaadu.
samudra-sikharaala interferometer thoo, bolton mariyu stanley hay yokka pariseelanala kante 15 retlu ekkuva spashtatanu saadhinchaayi. signuslo radeo udgaaram 8 'kante takkuva praantam nundi vachindani vaaru vishwasinchavachhu. hay modati radeo 'starr' nuu kanugonna ghanatanu pondinappatikee, bolton yokka phalitam muulam compact ayi undaalane hay yokka teermaanaanni dhruveekarinchindi. eee phalitaalu kalisi, vivikta radeo muulaalatoe anubandhinchabadina vignaana shaastram yokka prarambhanni suuchistaayi. tadupari pariseelanalu signus kosam suddhi chesina sthaanaanni utpatti chesaayi, conny prakaasavantamaina nakshatram vanti nammadagina optical pratiroopam kanugonabadaledu.
radeo taaralu.
signus phalitaanni anusarinchi, itara vivikta radeo vanarula kosam merugaina samudra-sikharaala interferometertho aakaasaanni kramapaddhatilo survey cheyadaaniki bolton, stanley mariyu sleeve sett cheyabaddaayi. fibravari 1948 natiki, bolton aaru kotta vivikta radeo muulaalaku aadharalu kaligi undhi, mariyu nakshatraraashilooni radeo muulaalanu varnamaala prakaram prakaasamloo diguvaku soochinche naamakaranaanni pravesapettindi. eee naamakaranamu netikee radeo khagola saastramlo konni prakaasavantamaina radeo muulaala kosam upayogamlo undhi. signus a anedi daani unikilo ledhaa prakaasavantamaina optical nakshatra pratiruupaalatoe anubandham lekapovadamlo pratyekamainadi kaadani bolton choopinchaadu. athanu vrushabham a, centaurus a mariyu herculus a vanti prasiddha radeo muulaalanu gurtinchaadu.
khagola saastravettalaku gatamlo teliyani kotta taragati vastuvula velladi taruvaata prasamsalu tvaralo vastaayani aasinchinappatikii, khagola shaastra samajam saadhaaranamgaa paelavamaina sthaana anischiti kaaranamgaa mariyu aaa kaalamlooni saampradaayika khagola ghnaanamlo chikkulu sulabhamgaa saripovu kabatti sandehavaadamto pratispandinchindi. antekakunda, thana vivikta muula parisoedhana kosam radiophysics prayogasaalalo bolton aakraminchina vanarula mottam soura parisoedhanaa brundamtho, mukhyamgaa ruby payne-skaattoo pratyaksha vairudhyaaniki daariteesindi.
vivikta radeo vanarulapai thana phalitaala prabhavanni merugupariche prayatnamlo, bolton thana muula sthaanaalanu meruguparachadaaniki mariyu edainaa kramabaddhamaina anischitulanu tolaginchadaaniki enchukunnadu. newzealand mariyu australia nundi samudra-sikharaala interferometric pariseelanalu nirvahistuu, bolton mariyu stanley nyoojilaandku dandayaatra dwara dheenini chesaaru. eee pariseelanalu 1948 peparloni muulaala sthaanaalanu 1 degree kante ekkuva sarichesaayi. 10 aark nimishala khachitatvam mariyu ayano aavarana vakreebhavanam kaaranamgaa kramabaddhamaina anischitulapai merugaina handletho, bolton ippudu optical pratyardhulanu sahetukamgaa suuchimchagaladu. signus a yokka optical abhyardhi antuchikkanidigaa migilipoyinappatiki, bolton vrushabham a anedi vichitramaina peetha neehaarikatoo, vargo a anedi podavaina jett-lanty nirmaanam (m87) thoo udbhavinchina galaxytho, mariyu centaurus a anedi entha vichitramaina vastuvutoe sambandham kaligi undho khagola saastravettalu samakalinamga paala maargaaniki chendinada kaadaa anae daanipai vaadistunnaaru.
centaurus eah mariyu vargo eah anevi vichitramaina galaxy vanarulu anie soochinchadamlo bolton tappu chesinappatiki, kotta optical dayta vislaeshimchabadinamduna kaagitam prachurinchina konni nelallone bolton thana abhiprayanni marchukunnadu. 1949 kaagitam yokka phalitaalu saampradaaya optical khagola saastravettala aasaktini pondaayi mariyu tarachugaa galaxy velupala radeo khagola saastraaniki prarambhamga pariganinchabadataayi. 1949 paper bahusha bolton kereerlo utpatti cheyabadina atyanta mukhyamaina mariyu prabhaavavantamaina paper.
thana iteevali vidya vijayam aadhaaramgaa, bolton 1950loe uttara ardhagolamloni keelaka khagola shaastram mariyu radeo injaneering prayogasaalalanu sandarsinchaaru. aaa samayamlo prayogasaalanu sandarsinche chaalaa mandhi atithulanu kaligi unna martin rail mariyu laurence bragg chetha cavendish vadda ataniki challani swaagatam labhinchindi. ayithe, thana cambridge sandarsana samayamlo bolton khagola bhouthika shaastravetta fred hoil gurinchi telusukunnaru, idhi jeevitakaala sneham mariyu sahakaranni praarambhinchindi.
thana yaatra nundi tirigi vacchina taruvaata, bolton samudra-sikharaala interferrometry aavishkarana paramgaa daani parimitini cherukundani nirnayinchukunnadu mariyu jodrell byaank samuuham upayoginche 220 adugula parabolic aeriyalnu anukarinchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. dover ettula vadda, nyuu south wales, vaaru mattiloo 72 adugula parabolic vantakaanni nirminchaaru. 1953loe eee parikaranni upayoginchi, bolton mariyu nyuu siro recruit dick mcgey galaxy plaennu survey chesi, paala maargam yokka kendraanni gurtinchaaru-dhanussu a.
bolton yokka vidyaapara vijayam unnappatikee, radeo khagola bhouthika shaastram 1950laloe oka pedda telescopenu matrame nirminchagaligindi. bolton thana dover ettula namuunaapai roopondinchina pedda vantakaanni nirminchaalani pattubattaga, prayogasaala millulaku cross radeo interferometernu anukuulamgaa chesindi. eee nirnayam bolton thana takshana baas paavsetho pratyaksha sangharshanaku daariteesindi, aaa taruvaata atanni radeo khagola bhouthika shaastram yokka cloude physics vibhaagaaniki boven tirigi niyaminchaaru. idhi bouven sangharshananu tagginchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi mariyu athani cloude physics groupuku bolton yokka naipunyaanni andinchindi.
radeo khagola saastraaniki dhooramgaa bolton prakkane unna samayamlo, vimanam nundi tolaginchabadina sylver iodide poganu upayoginchi varshapaataanni elaa vittaalo ardham chesukovadaniki ayana krushi chesaaru. ayithe, cloude physics loe thana swalpakaala padaveekaalamlo, californialo sthaapinchabadutunna radeo khagola shaastra samuuhaanni praarambhinchae avakaasam gurinchi boltonku telusu. 1954loe lii alwyn dubridge andinchina caltech sameepamlo pedda radeo telescopenu erpaatu chese sthaanaanni bolton angeekarinchaadu.
caltech mariyu ovens loya.
radeo khagola shaastra kaaryakramaaniki adhipatigaa caltechlo cherina taruvaata, bolton naukaadala parisoedhana mariyu caltech karyalayam nundi nidhulanu upayoginchi american radeo observatoryni sthaapinchadam gurinchi alochinchadu. gordan stanlytho paatu, bolton ovens loyanu radeo observatoryki anuvaina pradaesamgaa gurtinchindi, endukante daani sahaja parvata shrenulu teerapraanta california nagaraala nundi jokyanni rakshinchaayi mariyu idhi caltech sahetukamgaa daggaragaa unnanduna. ovens loyalo nirminchavalasina parikaram yokka rakaniki bolton yokka praadhaanyata emitante, vaati optical pratiruupaalanu kanugonadaaniki mariyu vaati radeo nirmaanaanni parishkarinchadaaniki muulaala sthaanaanni khachitamgaa sthaanikeekarinchagaladu, millulu daatadam vanti parikaraala nundi vachhe aneka paelavamaina spashtata gurtimpulanu nirmistundi.
rendu 90 adugula antennalatho kuudina rendu-muulakaala interferometer nirmaanaaniki bolton naayakatvam vahinchaadu. eee parikaram nammasakyam kaani saastriiyamgaa utpaadakamgaa, aneka mandhi pramukha american radeo khagola saastravettalaku pareeksha-padakaga mariyu chaalaa pedda shreniki namoonaga untundi. ovens valley telescopela nundi vacchina modati shaastreeya rachanalalo okati jupiter nundi radeo udgaaraanni nirdhaarinchadam, idhi parikaraniki gananeeyamaina media mariyu samsthaagata gurtimpunu pondindi. ovens valley interferometernu vijayavantamgaa nirminchadamtho, bolton puurti-professorga padoonnati pondaadu. aayanaku caltech nundi PhD kooda labhinchindi, conny athanu thana jeevitaantam eee birudunu upayoginchadaaniki niraakarinchi, daanini "vaastava" PhD gaa paerkonnaadu.
ovens valley interferometer yokka unnata resolution antey bolton mariyu athani brundam 10 aark sekanla resolution vadda inca parishkarinchabadani radeo muulaalanu gurtinchadam praarambhinchaaru. optical loe eee moolaalalo okadaanini anusarinchi, 3c295, pratiruupaanni 0.40 yokka redd shift vadda galaxyga gurtinchindi, idhi viswamlooni oka vastuvuku dhooram rettimpu kante ekkuva. eee shaastra tarkam, athanu australiaku tirigi vachinappudu, bolton kereerku maargam sugamam chesindi.
caltechlo vijayam saadhinchinappatikii, boltonku oka pedda radeo telescope nirminchabadutunnappudu australiaku tirigi vastaanani bovento avagahana undhi. pasadena pogamanchulo takkuva gaali naanhyata kaaranamgaa erpadina anaaroogyam kaaranamgaa, bolton mariyu athani kutumbam 1960loe australiaku tirigi raavaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru.
paarkulu mariyu kwaasarlu.
kotta bhaarii radeo telescope abhivruddhi jarugutunnanduna bolton australialoni paarkulaku cherukunnadu. 64 meterla vantakaanni abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki carnegie institute pharr sains, rockfeller foundation mariyu australia prabhutvam nundi boven dabbunu sekarinchaadu. telescope roopakalpananu anchanaa veyadamlo bolton appatike mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchindi, ippudu park vantakam nirmaanam mariyu nirvahana yajamanyanni teesukundi. ayana telescope prarambha directorga kooda undalsi undhi.
bolton maargadarsakatvamlo park radeo telescope, schedule prakaram puurtayimdi mariyu rendu keelaka radeo khagola shaastra phalitaalaku twaragaa dohadapadindi. modata, telescope centuvarus a mariyu vaelaa x nundi dhruveekruta radeo udgaaraanni dhruveekarinchindi. sarala dhruvanaanni gurtinchadam anedi atuvanti vanarula nundi radeo udgaaram synchrotron yantraangam dwara utpatti avtundane dhruvikarana. rendavadi, murry mukhyamgaa, paarkulu dhruveekruta radeo vanarulalo ferrade bhramanaanni kanugonnayi. idhi eee drugvishayaanni mottamodati khagola bhouthika gurtimpu mariyu paala maargam ayaskanta kshetraanni kaligi undani nischayaatmaka saakshyamgaa upayoginchabadindi.
eee modati rendu aavishkaranalalo paarkula shaastreeya disalo bolton keelaka paatra pooshinchagaa, paarkulatoe ayana chesina goppa shaastreeya sahakaram kwasarla aavishkaranatoe vachindi. caltech vadda radeo galaxylaku optical muulaalanu gurtinche thana pani aadhaaramgaa, 3c48 vanti, sekarinchina aadharalu, radeo muulaalatoe gatamlo gurtinchabadina atyanta prakaasavantamaina galaxyla kante 100 retlu prakaasavantamaina kriyaaseela galaxyla yokka pratyaekamaina taragati undani suuchimchaayi. prachurinchabadanappatiki, 1962loe prachurinchabadataaniki rendu samvatsaraala mundu 3c48 varaku unna teevra dooraanni sarigga gurtinchina modati bolton. vishwamlo atyanta suduura vastuvuku sambandhinchina rikaardunu bolton mariyu athani brundam paarkulalo kanugonna kwaasarlu kramam tappakunda kaligi undevi.
paarkulalo modati kwaasarlanu kanugonna taruvaata, bolton 1960laloe migilina kaalamlo ekkuva samayam aakraminche prajectlo sthirapaddaaduh optical muulaalatoe anubandhinchadaaniki mariyu vaati dhooraalanu nirnayinchadaaniki kotta radeo muulaalanu kanugonadaaniki paarkulatoe dakshina aakaasaanni survey cheyadam. palomer mariyu nokkula observatorylalo optical khagola saastravettalato balamaina sambandhaala kaaranamgaa ayana eee vignaana marganni anusarinchagaligaaru. eee vrutti dasalo, 1964loe solway samavesamlo prasamgaanni pradarsinchina atyunnata sthaayi adhikari prabhutva pyaanellaku adhyakshata vahinchadaaniki mariyu keynot upanyaasaalanu andinchadaaniki kooda boltonnu niyaminchaaru. 1960laloe, bolton australian academy off sainslo pheloga kooda ennikayyaaru mariyu prarambha nrav carle janasky bahumati graheetagaa unnaaru.
paarkulu mariyu apolo 11 moone landing.
parkes directorga, bolton apolo 11 moone landinglo kooda paatra pooshinchaaru. paarkulu deep space networklo cheraalani mariyu jett propulsion laboratory (jpl) thoo neerugaa paalupanchukovaalani nassa sifaarsu chesindi. nirmaanamloo sahayam chesinanduku mariyu akkada taanu abhivruddhi chesukunna aneka vyaktigata sambandhaala kosam paarkulaku nassa mariyu americaku runapadi unnaarani bhaavinchinanduna bolton eee prayatnamlo chaeradaaniki aasaktigaa unnadu.
apolo 11 moonwalk alasyam ayinatlayithe ledhaa nassa sonta tracking stationlalo evaina vaiphalyaalu sambhavinchinatlayithe paarkulu backup andinchaalani nassa prarambha abhyardhana chesindi. telescope yokka drive mariyu niyantrana vyavasthalu pani kramamlo unnayani nirdhaarinche baadhyatanu bolton mariyu park saanketika sibbandi teesukunnaru. moonwalk scheduello maarpula kaaranamgaa, nassa moodu muulaala nundi tv sankethaalanu andukundi-goaled stone, honeysakil creak mariyu paarkulu. nassa moonwalk modati konni nimishalu goaled stone mariyu honeysakil madhya maarutundi, conny paarkula nundi vachhe signal moonwalk yokka reminder kosam upayoginchabadindi. apolo 11 moone landinglo parkes mariyu bolton pooshinchina paatranu 2000 chitram "dhi dish" loe natakeeyamgaa chitreekarinchaaru. anni apolo missionla kosam paarkulu tracking loe paalgontaayani bolton nirdhaaristundi.
taruvaata samvatsaraalu paarkulu mariyu avaardulalo.
thana paripalana panibharanni tagginchukovadaaniki bolton 1971loe park director padavi nundi vaidoligadu. darsakudigaa padavee viramana chestunnappudu, bolton sainsnu konasaaginchaaru. thana migilina shaastreeya vruttiloo, athanu 2.7 Ghz vadda paarkulu survey chestunna radeo vanarula optical gurtimpulapai drushti pettadu. eee survey nundi oka mukhyamaina phalitam, munupati takkuva-frequency sarvelatho kalipinappudu, bolton yokka peak-spectrum soars pks b 1934-638 aavishkarana.
bolton london raayal sosaiteeki mariyu 1973loe antarjaateeya khagola sangham upadhyakshudiga ennikayyaaru. inca, optical mariyu radeo khagola saastraaniki ayana chesina krushiki 1977loe raayal khagola samajam bangaaru patakaanni andukunnaru. varusa gundepotula taruvaata, bolton 1993loe maraninchaaru.
gowravaalu mariyu puraskaralu.
bolton eee krindi avaardulanu andukunnaruh