
goppa stabdata

dhi grate stabdatah america aadhunika charitraloni takkuva uri vesukunna pandlanu elaa tinesindi, anaaroogyaaniki guraindi, mariyu (chivariki) baagupadutundani (chivariki) 2011loe prachurinchina tailor couven raasina karapatram. american aardhika vyavastha chaaritraka saanketika peethabhoomiki cherukundani mariyu america charitralo chaalaa varaku aardhika vruddhini nadipinchina karakalu ika levani idhi vaadistundi. eee alankaarika "takkuva uri pandlu" loe chaalaa uchita, gatamlo upayoginchani bhoomi saagu, ravana, sheetaleekarana, vidyut, saamuuhika samachara marpidi, paarisuddhyam mariyu vidyalo saanketika purogati unnaayi. georg masson vishwavidhyaalayamlo aardhika shaastra professor ayina couven, eee karakalu 1973 nundi madhyastha american vetanamlo stabdataku dohadapaddayani siddhaanteekarinchaaru.
goppa stabdata" anae bhavana "goppa vaividhyam" anae aalochanaku viruddhamgaa undhi, idhi perugutunna aadaaya asamaanata mariyu prapancheekarananu aardhika stabdataku nindinche vivaranala samiti. utpattilo internet prabhavam inca puurtigaa grahinchabadindaa, daani viniyogadaarulu gananeeyamaina viniyogadaarula migulu pondutunnara, mariyu daanini aardhika vyavasthalo elaa marinta ekikrutam cheyavacho sambandhita charchalu pariseelinchaayi. prasnala tudi samiti samasyaku tagina vidhana pratispandanalaku sambandhinchinadi.
janavari 2011loe modatisaarigaa eebukga prachurinchabadina eee karapatram 15,000 padaala podavu, praarambhamlo dheeni dhara US $4. oka hardback version, dheenini "dhi retrogration" anie pilustaaru, idhi juun 2011loe prachurinchabadindi. sameekshakulandaroo coven yokka thesis mariyu vaadanalatoe ekibhavinchanappatiki, eee pustakam american aardhika vyavastha yokka bhavishyattu chuttoo charchanu roopondinchadamlo sakalamlo mariyu naipunhyam kaliginadigaa ekkuvagaa swaagatinchabadindi.
saaraamsam.
pradhana siddhaantam emitante, aavishkaranala raetlu taggadam phalitamgaa united states mariyu itara abhivruddhi chendina aardhika vyavasthalalo aardhika vruddhi mandaginchindi. modati adhyaayamlo, couven "takkuva uri pandla" yokka moodu pradhana roopaalanu vivarinchaaduh uchita mariyu upayoginchani bhoomini saagu cheyadamlo soulabhyam, 1880 nundi 1940 varaku vegavantamaina aavishkarana, idhi 18va mariyu 19va sataabdaala shaastreeya purogatini mariyu telivaina conny niraksharaasyulaina pillalanu paatasaala mariyu vishwavidhyaalayaaniki pampadam dwara pedda raabadini pettubadi pettindi. maroe rendu chinna roopaalu undavachuhu choukaina shilaja indhanaalu mariyu american rajyangam yokka balam. couven mugistuu, "meeru cheppagalaru, 'aadhunika united states aidu rakaala takkuva uri pandlatho nirminchabadindi, vaatilo garishtamgaa rendu matrame ippatikee mana vadda unnaayi.'taginanta nyayamga."vaaru chaalaa pedda raabadini andinchinappatikii, bhavishyat purogati chaalaa ekkuva perugutuu untundi. eee mandagamanaaniki sambandhinchina vruttaanta mariyu ganaanka drushtaamtaalanu ayana andistaaru. modata, athanu thana ammamma chusina maarpulanu thana sonta taraaniki chendina maarpulatoe polchadu. appudu, ayana madhyastha aadaaya ganaamkaalanu udaharinchaaruh 1973 nundi vruddhi raetu teevramgaa mandaginchindi. edama mariyu kudi vaalu gala natulu "avatali vaipu" vidhaanaalanu nindinchadam mariyu "neenu 'nijayiti madhya' anie pilavadaaniki ishtapadedi gandaragolaniki minchi vinabadadani" vaadinchadam valla eee dhoranini nirdhaarinchadamlo vaiphalyam raajakeeya charchalo ksheenataku daariteesindani ayana vaadinchaaru."
2va adhyayam samakaaleena aardhika vyavasthalo utpaadakatanu pariseelistundi. 1996 mariyu 2000 madhya 2.8 saatam mariyu 2000 nundi 2004 varaku 3.8 saatam utpaadakata vruddhini couven vivarinchaadu mariyu avi stabdata siddhaantaanni tappugaa nirupistunnaya anie adigadu. samachara saanketika parignaanam vanti konni rangaalalo labhalu unnayani ayana angeekarinchaaru, ayithe gdplo 8 saatam unna finance vanti itara mukhyamaina rangaalalo takkuva viluva srushtinchabadindani vaadinchaaru.
utpaadakata ganaamkaalu merugupadinappatiki, madhyastha aadaayaalu mariyu stock market dharalu, tadwara muuladhanam mariyu kaarmikulaku rabadi merugupadaledu. antekakunda, prabhutva viniyogam (badilee chellimpulu minaha prabhutva karyakalapalu) gdplo 15 nundi 20 saatam madhya untundi, ayithe eee rangam kharchutho kolustaaru kabatti adhi peddadigaa perige koddi takkuva utpaadakatatoe maarutundi. anduvalla, akkada prabhutva viniyogam entha ekkuvagaa unte, marinta prachurinchabadina zii. dii. pii ganaamkaalu jeevana pramaanaalalo vruddhini atigaa anchanaa vestaayi.
aarogya samrakshanhalo (gdplo 17 saatam), asamaana samacharam mariyu naitika pramaadam yokka samasyalu antey perigina kharchu valla aarogya phalitaalalo takkuva ledhaa etuvanti merugudala undadu. gatha 40 samvatsaraalalo phalitaalu merugupadakapoyina vidyalo, gdplo 6 saatam, idhe vidhamaina phalitam gamaninchabadindi.
internet mariyu itara computing saanketikatalu vaadananu khandistunnaya anie 3va adhyayam pariseelistundi. medhoparamaina aasaktigalavaariki internet adbhutamainadi ayinappatikee, bhouthika jeevana pramaanaalanu penchadaaniki idhi peddagaa cheyaledani couven raasaaru. atipedda internet companylu garishtamgaa konni vaela mandiki upaadhi kalpistunnaayi, mariyu saapekshamgaa takkuva sevalu chellistunnayi "saanketika purogati aardhika vyavasthalo chaalaa varaku pedda mariyu oohinchadagina aadaaya vruddhini testundani maaku saamuuhika chaaritraka ghnaapakasakti undhi. web vishayaniki vasthe, aaa anchanaalu tappu ledhaa tappudova pattinchevigaa maarutunnaayi."
4va adhyayam thesis velugulo american rajakeeyaalanu pariseelistundi. paal krugman yokka "dhi manassakshi off eah liberal" (2007) adhika upanta pannu raetlu, union mariyu aadaayam mariyu sampada yokka samanatva pampineeni koorutuu "gurram mundu bandi" nii unchutundani couven chepparu. eee vidhanalu 1950laloe sarigga panicheesaayi, endukante vatiki maddatugaa nijamaina aadaaya vruddhi undedi. stabdatanu gurtinchadamlo vaiphalyam kudi ("pannu taggimpulanu utpatti chese aadaayam") mariyu edama (aadaayaala puna ist pampinhee) nundi paelavamaina vidhana aalochanalaku daariteesindani couven vaadinchaaru. irupakshaala "atisayokti" mariyu aardhika vidhaanampai raajakeeya lobbying prabhavam gurinchi couven vicharam vyaktam chesaaru. takkuva podupugala pandla kaalamlo prabhutva vruddhi sarasamainadani, ravana, paarisraamika utpatti, electronic communicationlu, shaastreeya nirvahanalo purogati kooda dheeniki dohadapadindani ayana chepparu.
2008 aardhika sankshobhaaniki 5va adhyayam oka saadhaarana kaaranaanni pratipaadistundi "manam manakante dhanavanthulamani anukunnam."1980la nundi varusa kramam tappakunda, chinna sankshobhaalu unnappatikee, pettubadidaarulu aardhika vyavastha antataa ekkuva pramaadaanni teesukovadam valla eee patanam sambhavinchindani ayana vaadinchaaru," gruhanirmaanam mariyu upa-pradhana runaalu boggu ganilo saameta conneryga undevi."
6va adhyayam samasyaku parishkaralanu pariseelistundi. utpattidaarulu mariyu viniyogadaarulugaa bharatadesam mariyu chaina abhivruddhini, shaastreeya samajanni vistarinchadamlo internet paatranu mariyu samyukta rashtraallo vidya vidhana samskarana kosam perugutunna ekaabhipraayaanni couven prasamsimchaaru. saastravettala saamaajika hodaanu kaneesam dabbu veelainanta balamgaa, prerana kaliginche amsamgaa penchaalani ayana suuchimchaaru.
vislaeshanha.
abhivruddhi saahityamlo sthaanam.
mathue aglesias eee pustakam yokka itivruttaalanu "taggina anchanaala yugam, moodava sanchikah yuu" loe paal krugman abhivruddhi chesina vaati konasagimpu mariyu vistaranagaa abhivarninchaaru.ess. 1990laloe aardhika vidhanam (1997). rendu pustakaalu praathamika shaastram nundi taggutunna rabadi raetu mariyu rajakeeyaalapai daani prabhavalanu vivaristaayi, pratyaekamgaa "vinootna saktilo perugutunna vataa adde koorutuu ledhaa anutpaadaka kaaryakalaapaalaku velutondi".
timothy noah dheenini baab davis mariyu david vessel raasina "sreyassu raboye iravai samvatsaraala vijrumbhana mariyu meeku daani ardham emiti" thoo poolchaaru, aaa samayamlo (1998) atyanta prajaadarana pondina pustakam, idhi nedu oka paisaku tirigi ammudavutondi. bhavishyat vruddhi avakaasaala gurinchi, mukhyamgaa samachara saanketika parignaanam paatra gurinchi chaalaa bhinnamaina abhipraayaalanu andistunnappatiki, "sreyassu" mariyu "goppa stabdata" rendoo sthiramaina madhyastha vaetanaala pajilnu elaa pariseelistaayo ayana vivarinchaaru. vruddhi gurinchi "vaastavika anchanaalaku" couven yokka vignaptini 1970la nundi rome yokka liberal "eraa off limits gospel" club yokka "vichitramaina sampradaayavaada pratidhvani" anie paerkontuu ayana muginchaaru. 2012 vesavilo, robbert gordan yokka paper, "eej yuu.ess. aardhika vruddhi?"couven yokka theesistho polikalanu prerepinchindi. perigina kaarmika shakti bhagaswamyam, paatasaala vidya ledhaa bhuu viniyogam yokka sulabhamaina labhalu kharchu cheyabaddaayi, ayithe ravana ledhaa paarisuddhyam vanti itara pradhana aavishkaranalu ledhaa parisramalu kramamga merugudala matrame pondaayani gordan etthi chuupaaru.
internet, abhivruddhi mariyu jeevana naanhyata.
slate" loe vraastuu, anee lory internet patla couven yokka chikitsanu 1980laloe aardhikavettalu modata pratipaadinchina "utpaadakata vairudhyam" thoo polchi chuusaaru. 1987loe vruddhi siddhaantakarta robbert solo nuu utamkistuu, "meeru computer yuganni pratichota chudavachu, conny utpaadakata ganankalalo."1970la nundi computing utpattulalo vijrumbhana tarvaata vruddhi enduku balamgaa peragaledo vivarinchadaaniki, eee maarpulu konni samsthalaku prayojanam kaliginchaayani, marikonni pratikuulamgaa unnayani, tadwara nikara labham takkuvagaa undani vaaru suuchimchaaru. aadaayam mariyu sreyassu kolatalo lopaalu kooda samasyaku kaaranam kaavacchu. internet marinta uchita samskrutini prothsahistundi, dheeni viniyogam prajalaku prayojanam mariyu aanandaanni andistundi, conny aadaayaanni koliche gdp ganaamkaala dwara sangrahinchalemu.
"aardhikavetta yokka" "free exchange" "blogg digital technologylalo iteevali aavishkaranalanu" "takkuva dharaku" "vikrayinchaarani mariyu samajam ippatikee vaati chuttoo tananu taanu punarvyavastheekarinchukuna prakriyaloo undani vaadinchindi". vruddhi vegam aasinchabadaali, conny dheeniki samvatsaraala nundi dasaabdaala varaku edainaa pattavachani heccharinchindi. antekakunda, eee praantamloo "gnaanaanni penche aavishkaranalu (kaarmikulanu penche aavishkaranalaku viruddhamgaa)" mukhyamgaa pedda labhalu unnaayi. forbes loe vraastuu, steve denning couven yokka "takkuva-uri pandla siddhaantam" nuu "jaanapada ardhamlenidi" gaa abhivarninchaaru. 1953 naati prapancham, denning chinnatanamlo, eee roeju oka yuvakudiki oohinchalenidi, athanu raasaadu, "internet kakunda" arhata anedi ravana gurinchi charchinchetappudu "chakram kakunda" anie cheppadaniki samanam anie jodinchaadu. financial times" sameekshakudu pramukha blagger ayina "couven" luddite kaadani gurtinchaadu...internet thoo jeevitam marinta saradaagaa mariyu aasaktikaramgaa untundani athanu bhaavistaadu. chaalaa mandhi aardhikavettalu utpaadakatapai internet prabhavanni kanugonadaaniki viniyogadaarula saanketika parignaanaanni chudatam ledani, conny samsthalanu pariseelistunnaarani ayana vaadinchaaru wall-maart mariyu tesco vanti suupar-samarthavanthamaina retailarlu ippatike daanini tama logistics loe chaerchaaru. inca, maarpu yokka vegam antey, puurti amalunu chuudataaniki mundu kaneesam oka taram kaavacchu. maarumuula pradaesaalaloo saastravettala madhya merugaina communicationnu anumatinchadam dwara internet shaastreeya utpattini baga penchagaladani timothy noah couven yokka "raayitee" paie pattubattaru. computerla kaaranamgaa madhyataragati aadaayaalu perugutaayani davis mariyu vessel tappugaa anchanaa vesinatle, computer technology alaa chese anchuna ledani soochinchadam kooda anthe tappugaa anipistundi."
vidya mariyu upaadhi.
saanketika maarpulanu konasaginchadame nijamaina savaalu anie, eee konamlo, 20va sataabdamloo shaastreeya nirvahana keelaka american saanketika purogati anie denning raasaaru. idhi sarafara-golusu nirvahana, kramaanugataalu mariyu niyama-aadhaarita vyavasthala dwara pakshika-naipunhyam kaligina kaarmikulaku pedda sankhyalo udyogaalanu andinchadaaniki american companylaku veelu kalpinchindi. laabhaalanu tiraskarinchi, "santoshinchaalanukune" baga samacharam unna viniyogadaarulaku vyaparalu ippudu sardubaatu chesukovali. pakshika naipunhyam kaligina kaarmikulanu nirvahinchadam nundi ghnaana kaarmikulaku maaradam anedi sambandhita savaalu. "aardhikavetta" "goppa stabdata" "siddhaantaanni" "goppa vairudhyam" "thoo poolchaaru, idhi vaetana antaraanni naipunhyam kaligina kaarmikulaku perugutunna demandku gurtistundi". slatelo" vraastuu timothy noah, upadhyaya sanghaalapai adhyakshudu obama "kathinamgaa vyavaharistunnaaru" anae aadhaaramgaa american vidya sadhana yokka bhavishyattu gurinchi couven aasaavaadaanni panchukoledu. gatha muppai samvatsaraalalo unionlu modatlo vyatirekinchina aneka samskaranalu amalu cheyabaddaayi, mariyu balamaina unionlu unna aneka deshaala kante united states paelavamaina phalitaalanu kaligi undhi. munupati rachayitalu moodava sthaayi namodu gurinchi asajanakamga unnaarani, appati nundi graduation raetlu taggayani noah manaku gurtuchestundi. vidya phalitaalalo united states itara abhivruddhi chendina deshaala kante gananeeyamgaa venukabadi undhi, idhi merugudalaku vikrutamaina aasanu andistundi.
iteevali taraalalo bhouthikavaadula nundi post-materialist manastatvaaniki marinta praathamika maarpu jarigindani david brooks vaadinchaaru. sataabdam praarambhamlo janminchina taraala taraalaki perigina aadaayam jeevanasaililo merugudalalato samanamga unnappatikee, sampannamaina, samachara aadhaarita prapanchamlo janminchina prajalaku idhi ikapai vartinchadu. yuva taraalu chaalaa medhoparamgaa vaividhyamaina jeevitaalanu gaduputunnayi mariyu chaalaa mandhi viniyogadaarulu srushtinchina content ekkuvagaa dravya aardhika vyavastha velupala utpatti cheyabadindani perkonnaayi. idhi takkuva aardhika kaaryakalaapaalato maanava aanandamlo pedda perugudalanu teesukuvacchindani couven angeekarinchinatlu ayana dhruveekarinchaaru.
2008 aardhika sankshobham mariyu maandyamtho sambandham.
"aardhikavetta" 2008 aardhika sankshobham phalitamgaa erpadina aardhika samasyalanu thana vistruta siddhaantamtoe mudipettinanduku kouvennu vimarsinchaaru, badulugaa idhi ekkuvagaa demand shock valla sambhavinchindani mariyu ekkuvagaa nivaarinchadaginadani vaadinchaaru. zim records, howard kii, hangbin sang modalaina kontamandi panditulu., demand shock anedi kevalam drugvishayam anie etthi chuupaaru, idhi american aardhika vyavasthalo marinta teevramaina antarleena nirmaana samasya phalitamgaa undhi. antekakunda, america pourula nundi adhika naanhyata gala saastravettalu mariyu injaneerlanu utpatti cheyadaaniki americalo vidya anukuulamgaa ledani howard kii vaadinchaaru. badulugaa, america samyukta raashtraala sains mariyu injaneeringlo medho avasaralaku maddatugaa america samyukta raashtraala vishwavidhyaalayaalloni videshee vidyaarthulapai ekkuvagaa mariyu mukhyamgaa aadhaarapadutondi. mathue aglesias kooda eee linktho ekibhavinchaleduh "gatha 36 nelallo dhanika deshaalu chaalaa bhinnamaina adrushtaalanu anubhavinchaayi, saanketika stabdata siddhaantaaniki pradhana sakshyam emitante, dhanika deshaalu gatha 36 samvatsaraalugaa vistrutamgaa ilanti vidhini anubhavinchaayi" anie ayana raasaaru.
raajakeeya pratispandanalu.
aavishkaranalanu meruguparachadaaniki oka maargam saastravettala saamaajika hodaanu penchadam anie couven raasaaru, eee suuchana "konchem khaliga" varninchabadindi mariyu pencillin ledhaa railu-rahadari vanti prabhutva vastuvula kante aardhika ranga aavishkaranalu vanti iteevali aavishkaranalu private vastuvulu anae samasyaku puurtigaa anugunamgaa ledhu. noah, couven yokka prescriptions, swechhaa vaanijyam yokka prothsaaham, saastravettalaku marinta unnata hodha, mariyu "nyuu normal" kuu rajinama cheyadam "asambaddhamgaa ardha-hridayapurvaka" gaa abhivarninchaaru.
dhi economic" yokka "free exchange" blaagulo vraastuu, r.eah. 2011loe adhyakshudu obama state off dhi union prasamgaaniki viruddhamgaa, desheeya vidya mariyu parisoedhanalaloo taggutunna raabadini konasaginchadam kante abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalalo saamuuhika vidya kaaryakramaalaku sahayam cheyadam dwara dhanika prapancham merugga panichestundani vidyapai couven vislaeshanha suuchimchimdani nirdhaarinchaaru. niraadambaramaina valasa chattam kooda dhanika mariyu paedha deshaalanu eee vruddhi vanarunu dopidi cheyadaaniki anumatistundi. rendavadi, "palasi loe-hanging fruit" nuu pandinchaalani pratipaadinchindi.ii. moorkhamaina mariyu khareedaina vidhaanaalanu samskarinchadam ledhaa raddu cheyadam. aadaayam vanti "vastuvula" kante traaphik raddi mariyu kalushyam vanti "chedulapai" pannu vidhinchadam, spashtamaina prayojanaalu laeni vaidya chikitsalapai kharchunu tagginchadam mariyu vyavasaya raayiteelu mariyu tanakha vaddii taggimpunu tolaginchadam vantivi pratipaadinchindi. aardhikavetta" loe, rendu ververu vidhana pratispandanalanu nijamaina kaaranam anaarogya saanketika aavishkarana ledhaa abhivruddhi chendutunna market paarisraamikeekarana nepathyamlo kaarmikula berasaaraala shakti ksheenata anae daanipai aadharapadi pariganinchaaru. pragatiseela pannu mariyu punahpampinii kaarmikula balaheenata sthaanaanni bharti chestaayi, ayithe parimita rashtram stabdatalo unna aardhika vyavasthalo neraverchagaladani aasinchaleni kattubaatlanu taggistundi.
prachurana mariyu sweekarana.
"aardhikavetta" "prachurana namuunaa daani swantha vidhamgaa aakarshanheeyamgaa undani" "paerkonnaaru". dhi retrogration" anie piluvabade oka hardback version, juun 2011loe prachurinchabadindi. eee prachurananu "current affires publishing" loe oka aavishkaranagaa mariyu "sampradaaya pustakam kante chaalaa chinnadigaa mariyu choukainadigaa varninchaaru, idhi meeru puurti chesina tarvaata marinta chadavalanukune vidhamgaa chestundi. idhi pustakaala bhavishyattu anie naa anchanaa."eee pustakaanni 17va sataabdaaniki chendina aardhika, raajakeeya karapatraalato poolchaaru, ivi tarachugaa prastuta vyavahaaraala gurinchi aalochanalanu twaragaa pracharam cheyadaaniki upayoginchabaddaayi.
"aardhikavetta" "goppa stabdatanu" "" "gatha muppai samvatsaraala gurinchi prajalu aalochinche vidhaanampai teevra prabhavam choope mukhyamaina [pustakam] gaa swaagatinchaaru". idhi "adhi soochinche aalochanaa maargaalanu" prasamsimchimdi mariyu eee pustakam "kathinamaina charchaku" arhamainadani, idhi raajakeeya varnapatamlo vividha vidhana empikalanu prothsahinchaalani perkondi. mathue aglesias eee pustakaanni "atyanta aasaktikaramaina aalochanaaparulalo okari saahasopeta pradarsana" gaa abhivarninchaaru. ayithe, medho sampatti chattam mariyu utpattilo perugudala ekkuvagaa paedha deshaala nundi catch-up vruddhi nundi vachhe prapanchamlo samajampai padee prabhavalapai idhi chaalaa varaku nissabdamgaa undani ayana annaru. "dhi wall streat journal" eee pustakaanni ayana charchaku naayakatvam vahinchina dhisha kaaranamgaa couven yokka atyanta prabhaavavantamaina pustakamgaa abhivarninchindi. "desavyaaptamgaa vidyaarthulu, aardhikavettalu mariyu saastravettalu eee pustakaanni chaduvutunnarani, mana savaalu yokka lothunu ardham chesukuni, vishayalanu 'parishkarinchadaaniki' ledhaa saadhaaranamgaa mana paristhitini meruguparachadaaniki kotta maargaalanu anusaristunnarani oohinchadam uttejakaramaina vishayam."" "oka chinna pustakam conny oka pedda, viluvaina prasna", "anie aardhikavetta muginchaaru". newyork times" loe, david brooks "goppa stabdatanu" "eee samvatsaram ippativaraku atyanta charchaneeyaamsamaina naan-fiction pustakam" gaa prasamsimchaaru, idhi pustaka marketingku goppa sahayamga perkonnappatiki amee chuva "" puli talli yokka yuddha shlokam "chuttoo charchanu parigananaloki teesukunte atisayoktigaa paerkonnaadu".
seakwell.
2013 septembarulo, "average eej ovarh powerying america biand dhi age off dhi grate staganation" anae sheershikato couven yokka seekvelnu dutton books prachurinchindi. raboye dasaabdaallo united states aardhika vyavastha elaa kolukuntundi mariyu vruddhi chendutundi, kotta aardhika vyavasthalo unde udyogaala rakaala gurinchi couven yokka drushtini eee seakwell kendrikarinchindi.