
gasparo scarfee

regio emilia nundi gasparo scarfee (1519-1584) oka italian aardhikavetta, athanu oka bahiranga, lakshyam mariyu nyaayamaina aardhika vyavasthanu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki saarvatrika karenseeni pratipaadinchaadu, idhi nyaayamaina samaajaaniki avasaramaina punaadi anie ayana vaadinchaaru.
antonio dii gianfrancesco dii baldiselli yokka eduguru pillalalo scarfee athi pinna vayaskudu. oka kuleena vyakti ayinappatikee, antonio sugandha dravyaalu, vastraalu mariyu haberdassery vyapaarulugaa thana karyakalapala kaaranamgaa dhanavanthudu, mariyu athanu thana pillalandarikee gananeeyamaina vaarasatvaanni vidichipettadu. vayojanamgaa scarfee karyakalapala modati recordulu 1544loe vyapaaravettagaa mariyu dabbu marpidi chese vyaktigaa atanni piasensalo choopinchaayi. 1547loe, athanu council dwara mint off regio vadda oka pareekshakudigaa niyaminchabaddaadu, chivariki mint manager (1552loe) ayyadu, chivariki council kuu "kharchupettevadu" (koshadhikari) ayyadu. 1550loe athanu mantova yokka dacheeki prayaaninchi, mantovalo vaati viluva taggimpuku vyatiraekamgaa-vaati bangaaru padaartham aadhaaramgaa-regiolo mudrinchina naanhela viluvanu vaadinchaadu, idhi cardinal ercol gonjaga yokka "grida" (fiat) dwara prakatinchabadindi. athanu parmaanu konasaginchadu, akkada athanu duke, ottavio faarneesnu, vislaeshanha lekunda regio yokka currency viluva gurinchi oppinchaadu, conny tarkam mariyu kaaranam dwara matrame. 1576loe ayana adevidhamgaa duchy off ferrara kuu rayabariga vellaaru. vividha italian dacheela aardhika paddhatula gurinchi thana anubhavaala dwara, mariyu italian mariyu videshee naanheelanu anchanaa vese thana karyakalapala dwara, scarfee chelaamanilo unna naanhela sankhya mariyu vaividhyam, alaage viluva taggimpu vanti ekapaksha paddhatulu, vaanijyaanni addukodaniki matrame upayogapadatayani, vyaapaarulu mariyu governorlu adhika mariyu anavasaramaina samasyalu mariyu charchalaku samanamga lobadi untaarani oppinchaadu. eee samasyalanu parishkarinchadaaniki, athanu oka karenseeni pratipaadinchaadu, dheeni viluva daani viluvaina loha padaartham yokka antargata viluva aadhaaramgaa saarvatrikamgaa untundi.
scarfee thana aalochanalanu 1582loe hercoliano bartoli dwara regio loe prachurinchabadina "ell 'alitinanfo" ("nijamaina kaanti" kosam puraatana greeku nundi) anae pustakamlo prachurinchaadu. eee pustakam kevalam saarvatrika currency kosam matrame kakunda, sahaja chattam yokka velugulo lakshya charyapai aadhaarapadina samajam kosam vaadinchindi. athanu, avakaasaalanu mariyu addamkulanu vastunishtamgaa pariganinchi, bhavalanu patla udasinatato, anni lavadevilu mariyu saamaajika sambandhaalu elaa jaragaali anedaaniki namoonaga, hetubaddhamaina maargaala dwara thana lakshyalanu korukune vyaapaaravaettanu chushadu. ayana yuvarajula ekapaksha palananu, mukhyamgaa vaari prajalu karuvulu mariyu itara vipattulanu edurkontunnappudu vipareetamgaa paalinchina vaarini, nindinchaaru, mariyu hetubaddhamaina nyayam andarikee vartinchaalani vaadinchaaru. ell 'alitinanfo" loe, antargata viluva aadhaaramgaa saarvatrika naanhela kosam vaadana, yuvarajula korikalaku ledhaa vyaapaarula charchalaku lobadi undakapoyina, aardhika vyavasthaku mariyu samaajaaniki kooda vastunishtata mariyu nyayam yokka saarvatrika pramaanaalapai aadhaarapadina roopakam avutundi.
scarfee, sahaja chattam yokka bhaavanatho prabhaavitamai, viluvaina lohaalu marpidi viluvanu kaligi unna vastuvulugaa kakunda, antargata viluvalanu kaligi unnayani porapaatuna nammadu. ayithe, aneka itara margallo paaradarsakata mariyu nyaayamaina charchala aadhaaramgaa aardhika vyavastha gurinchi ayana chuupina chitram, samajam mariyu nyaayampai ayana marinta vistarinchina aalochanalu mariyu saarvatrika currency anae bhavana chaalaa dooradrushtitho undevi. ayana aalochanalu itara aardhikavettalanu, thana sonta ledhaa taruvaati yugaalalo enthagaa prabhaavitam chesayo aspashtamgaa undhi, conny tamalo taamu ayana abhiprayalu vaanijyavaadam nundi aardhikasaastram yokka marinta aadhunika bhavana vaipu spashtamaina adugu munduku vestaayi.

