
ice breaker

ice breaker anedi manchutho kappabadina jalaala gundaa taralinchadaaniki mariyu navigate cheyadaaniki mariyu itara padavalu mariyu noukalaku surakshitamaina jalamaargaalanu andinchadaaniki roopondinchina pratyeka prayojana ooda ledhaa padava. eee padam saadhaaranamgaa manchu-vichchinnam chese noukalanu suuchimchinappatikii, idhi okappudu united kingdom kaaluvalapai upayoginchina manchu vichchinnam chese padavalu vanti chinna noukalanu kooda suuchimchavachchu.
oka oodanu ice breakerga pariganinchadaaniki, dheeniki moodu lakshanaalu avasaram, chaalaa saadhaarana oodalu kaligi undavuh balopetam cheyabadina pottu, manchu-clearing aakaram mariyu samudrapu manchu gundaa nette shakti.
manchu breakerlu neerugaa ghaneebhavinchina neetilo ledhaa pyaak chesina manchuloki nettadam dwara maargaalanu clear chestaayi. samudrapu manchu vangi unde balam takkuvagaa untundi, saadhaaranamgaa ooda yokka trimlo gurtinchadagina maarpu lekunda manchu virigipotundi. chaalaa mandapati manchu vishayamlo, oka ice breaker daani villunu manchu meeda nadapavacchu, ooda baruvutho daanini vichchinnam cheyavachu. ooda mundu virigina manchu erpadatam valla manchu virigipovadam kante chaalaa ekkuva mandaginchavacchu, kabatti ice breakerlu virigina manchunu ooda chuttoo ledhaa kindiki nirdesinchadaaniki pratyaekamgaa roopondinchina pottu kaligi untaayi. ooda yokka chodaka vyavastha yokka bahya bhagalu (chodakaalu, chodaka shaftlu modalainavi).) nauka yokka pottu kante nashtam jarige pramaadam ekkuvagaa untundi, kabatti ice breaker yokka manchupaiki tananu taanu nadipinchukune saamarthyam, daanini vichchinnam chesi, daani maargam nundi sidhilaalanu vijayavantamgaa tolaginchadam daani bhadrataku avasaram.
charitra.
toli ice breakerlu.
samudramloki velle noukalaku mundu, goddali mariyu huklatho kaarmikulanu upayoginchi lothattu kaaluvalu mariyu nadulapai manchu vichchinnam chese saanketikata abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. namodu cheyabadina mottamodati aadima ice breaker ooda 1383loe belgian pattanam brajes pattana kandakaanni tolaginchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki upayoginchina barge. manchu-vichchinnam chese padava prayatnaalu pattanaaniki atuvanti naalugu noukalanu konugolu cheyadaaniki haamii ivvadaaniki taginantagaa vijayavantamayyaayi. 
manchu vichchinnam chese padavalu chinna manchu yugam yokka challani sheethaakaalamlo upayoginchadam konasaagindi, diguva desamlo perugutunna upayogam, ikkada gananeeyamaina mottamlo vaanijyam mariyu prajalu mariyu vastuvula ravana jarigindi. padihenava sataabdamloo flanderlalo (oudenarde, courtrizk, iper, veern, dixmide mariyu hulst) ice breakerla vadakam appatike baga sthirapadindi. manchu vichchinnam chese padavala vadakam 17va sataabdamloo vistarinchindi, ikkada diguva desamloni prati pattanam tama jalamaargaalanu subhramgaa unchadaaniki edho oka rakamaina ice breakernu upayoginchindi. 
17va sataabdaaniki mundu ice breakerla lakshanaalu teliyavu. manchu vichchinnam chese naukala yokka lakshanaalu vaatini gurraala brundaalu laaginatlu mariyu ooda yokka bhaarii baruvu daanini vichchinnam chese manchupaiki nettivesindani chuupistunnaayi. avi goddali mariyu aralu gala purushula brundaalatoe kalipi upayoginchabaddaayi mariyu vaati venuka unna saanketikata paarisraamika viplavam varaku peddagaa maaraledu.
dhruva jalaallo naukayana noukalu.
dhruva anveshana prarambha rojullo manchu-balopetam chesina noukalu upayoginchabaddaayi. ivi modata chekkatho tayaaru cheyabaddaayi mariyu ippatike unna designlapy aadharapadi undevi, conny mukhyamgaa neeti line chuttoo, pottu meeda rendu palakalu veyadam mariyu ooda lopala cross sabhyulanu balopetam cheyadam dwara balopetam cheyabaddaayi. bayati chuttoo inupa patteelu chuttabadi undevi. konnisaarlu lohapu palakalanu villu vadda, mukku vadda mariyu keel venta unchaaru. atuvanti balopetam oodanu manchu gundaa nettadaaniki sahaayapadataaniki mariyu manchu dwara oodanu "nettiveyadam" vishayamlo rakshinchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi. ooda chuttoo manchu pravahalu oodaku vyatiraekamgaa nettivesi, oka vaislo unnatlugaa chikkukuni, nashtam kaliginchinappudu nipping jarugutundi. manchu nirmaanaalapai gaalulu mariyu alala shakti valla eee vize lanty charya sambhavistundi.
dhruva jalaallo upayoginchina modati padavalu sthaanika architic prajalavi. vaari kayaklu kappabadina deck thoo kuudina chinna maanava saktitoe nadiche padavalu, mariyu okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva kaakpitlu, prati okkati koorchune oka teddu vaadevaadu, athanu oka ledhaa rendu-bladela teddu vaadutaadu. atuvanti padavalaku manchu vichchinnam chese saamarthyaalu laevu, conny avi telikapativi mariyu manchunu moyadaniki baga saripothayi.
9va mariyu 10va sataabdaalaloo, wiking vistarana uttara atlantic, chivariki aarkitikloni greenland mariyu swalbardlaku cherukundi. ayithe, madhyayuga vecchani kaalamlo samvatsaramlo ekkuva bhaagam manchu laeni neetilo wikinglu tama noukalanu nadipevaaru.
11va sataabdamloo, uttara-russialo, sagam samvatsaraaniki paiga manchutho kappabadi unnanduna tella samudram yokka tiiraalu sthirapadatam praarambhinchaayi. uttara-rashyaalooni kareliyanlu mariyu rashyanla mishrama jaathi samuuham, architic mahasamudram odduna nivasinchevaaru, pomores ("samudrateera sthiranivaasulu") gaa piluvabaddaru. kramamga vaaru oka pratyeka rakam chinna okati ledhaa rendu-maast chekka sailing noukalanu abhivruddhi chesaaru, veetini architic samudraala manchu paristhitulalo mariyu taruvaata cyberian nadulalo prayaanaalaku upayogistaaru. eee mottamodati ice breakerlu kochhi anie piluvabaddayi. coach yokka pottu maarutunna neeti-rekha venta manchu-flow nirodhaka flush skin-planking belt dwara rakshinchabadindi mariyu manchu portez kosam tappudu keel kaligi undhi. oka coach manchu-kshetraalachae pindiveyabadithe, neeti-rekha krinda daani gundrani bodylinelu oodanu neeti nundi paiki mariyu manchu meediki etuvanti nashtam lekunda nettadaaniki anumatistaayi.
19va sataabdamloo, aadhunika aaviritoe nadiche ice breakerla vishayamlo kooda ilanti rakshana charyalu avalambinchabaddaayi. terachaapa yugam chivarilo konni mukhyamaina sailing noukalu pomore padavala vanti guddu aakarapu roopaanni kooda kaligi unnaayi, udaaharanaku friedjoff nansen mariyu itara goppa norwegian dhruva anveshakulu upayoginche "frame". "frame" anedi uttaraana (85°57 'n) mariyu dakshinaana (78°41) prayaaninchina chekka ooda, mariyu ippativaraku nirminchina balamaina chekka nowkalaloo okati.
aaviritoe nadiche ice breakerlu.
manchutho nindina paristhitulalo panicheyadaaniki roopondinchina prarambha ooda chekka teddu steamer, "city ice boat nem. 1837loe vandusen & byrine philadelphia nagaram kosam nirminchina eee ooda rendu aaviri yantraalato nadichedi mariyu daani chekka teddulanu inupa kappulatho balopetam chesaaru.
gundrani aakaram mariyu balamaina lohapu pottu kaligina 1864 naati russian propellarlatho kuudina aadhunika ice breakerla yokka mukhyamaina puurvagaami. eee oodanu vyapari mariyu naukaanirmaanadaaru mikhail britnave aadesaala meraku nirminchaaru. manchu tolaginche saamarthyaanni (keel line nundi 20° paiki) saadhinchadaaniki aame villunu maarchindi. idhi "pilate" tananu taanu manchu paina nettadaaniki mariyu tatphalitamgaa daanini vichchinnam cheyadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. satabdaalugaa tella samudram mariyu barrents samudramloni manchutho nindina jalaalanu navigate chestunna paatha pomore padavala aakaram prakaram britnave thana ooda yokka villunu roopondinchaadu. "1864 mariyu 1890 madhya chronstadt mariyu oranianbaum madhya finland gulflo navigation kosam "pilate" upayoginchabadindi, tadwara vesavi navigation seejannu aneka vaaraala paatu podiginchaaru. pilate" vijayamtho prerana pondina mikhail britnave 1875loe idhe vidhamaina rendava nauka "baay" (rashyanlo "breakage") nuu mariyu 1889loe moodava "booy" (rashyanlo "boy") nuu nirminchaadu.
1870-1871 yokka challani sheethaakaalam elbe nadhi mariyu hamberg naukaasrayam stambhimpajeyadaaniki kaaranamaindi, deenivalla naukaayaanaaniki sudeergha viramam mariyu bhaarii vaanijya nashtalu sambhavinchaayi. carle ferdinand steinhaus britnave nundi marchabadina villu "pilate" roopakalpananu thana sonta ice breaker "isbrature I" nuu tayaaru cheyadaaniki tirigi upayoginchaadu.
modati nijamaina aadhunika samudramlo vellae ice breaker 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo nirminchabadindi. ice breaker, 1897loe imperial russian naevii nundi oppandamlo inglaandlooni armstrang whiteworth navika yardlo nirminchabadindi. ooda "pilate" nundi pradhana suutraalanu sweekarinchi, modati dhruva ice breaker srushtiki vaatini vartimpajesindi, idhi manchu meedaki parigetti, pyaak cheyagaligindi. ooda 5,000 tannulanu sthaanabhramsham chesi, daani aaviri-pratispandinche enginelanu pampinhee chesindi. eee oodanu 1963loe upasamharinchukoni, 1964loe raddu chesi, prapanchamlone ekkuva kaalam panichesina ice breakerlalo okatigaa chesindi.
kenadaalo, seyint loe manchu jaam kaaranamgaa varadalanu nivaarinchadaaniki prabhutvam oka marganni andinchaalsina avasaram undhi. laurence nadhi. montriyalku thoorpuna unna nadini manchu jaam lekunda unchadaaniki ice breakerlu nirminchabaddaayi. daadaapu adhe samayamlo, kenada aarkitiklo kenada thana baadhyatalanu neraverchavalasi vachindi. (1930) mariyu (1952) vanti pedda aaviri ice breakerlu eee dwandwa upayogam kosam nirminchabaddaayi (seyint. laurence varada nivaarana mariyu architic punahpuurana).
20va sataabdam praarambhamlo, aneka itara deshaalu prayojana-nirmita ice breakerlu nadapadam praarambhinchaayi. chaalaa varaku teerapraanta ice breakerlu, conny kenada, russia, taruvaata soviet union kooda 11,000 tannula varaku aneka samudrapu ice breakerlu nirminchaayi.
deasle saktitoe nadiche ice breakerlu.
1930laloe modati deasle-electric ice breakerlu nirminchabadataaniki mundu, ice breakerlu boggu ledhaa chamurutho nadiche aaviri noukalu. isbreakerlalo vaati viswasaneeyata, drudhatvam, manchi tark lakshanaalu mariyu bhramana disanu twaragaa tippagala saamarthyam kaaranamgaa paraspara aaviri yantraalaku praadhaanyata ivvabadindi. aaviri yugamlo, atyanta saktivantamaina yuddhaaniki mundu aaviritoe nadiche ice breakerlu sumaruga chodaka saktini kaligi undevi.
prapanchamlooni mottamodati deasle-electric ice breaker 1933loe 4,330 tannula swedish ice breaker. sternlo rendu propellerlu mariyu villuloo oka propeller madhya vibhajinchabadindi, 1957loe praarambhamayye varaku aame atyanta saktivantamaina swedish ice breakerga undipoyindi. 1939loe finlandlo modati deasle-electric ice breaker ayina finnish "yemar" taruvaata vachindi. 1970laloe rendu noukalanu upasamharinchukoni, rendu deshaalalo chaalaa pedda ice breakerlu, finlandlo 1976loe nirminchina mariyu sweedanlo 1977loe nirminchinavi.
1941loe, united states eee bhavananni nirminchadam praarambhinchindi. scandinavia mariyu soviet unionlo parisoedhanalu chaalaa balamgaa nirminchina chinna mariyu vedalpu pottu, mundu paadam mariyu gundrani diguva bhaagamtho kuudina roopakalpanaku daariteesaayi. saktivantamaina deasle-electric yantraalu rendu sturn mariyu oka sahayaka boow propellarnu naduputaayi. eee lakshanaalu 1980la varaku yuddhaanantara ice breakerlaku pramaanamgaa marai.
1970la madhyakaalam nundi, atyanta saktivantamaina deasle-electric ice breakerlu gatamlo soviet mariyu taruvaata russian ice breakerlu "ermac", "admiral makarov" mariyu "crossin", ivi tommidi pannendu-cylinder deasle generatorlanu kaligi unnaayi, ivi moodu propulsion motorlaku vidyuttunu utpatti chestaayi. 2020laloe, vaatini kotta kenadian polar ice breaker, ccgs zaan zii adhigamistaaru. diefenbaker, "idhi samyukta chodaka saktini kaligi untundi.
kenada.
kenadaalo, deasle-electric ice breakerlu 1952loe nirminchadam prarambhamayyayi, modata hcmcs "labrador" thoo (taruvaata kenadian coast gaardku badilee cheyabadindi), uscg wind-class designu upayoginchi conny boow propeller lekunda. appudu 1960loe, cubecloni loujonlo puurtayinappudu pedda ice breakerla kenadian abhivruddhilo tadupari dasha vachindi. labrador" kante gananeeyamgaa pedda mariyu saktivantamaina ooda, zaan eah.mcdonald "atyanta kathinamaina dhruva paristhitulanu edurkonagalige samudraaniki vellae manchu vichchinnam. aame deasle-electric yantraalu moodu unitlalo erpaatu cheyabaddaayi, ivi moodu shaftlalo pratidaaniki samanamga saktini prasaram chestaayi.
kenada yokka atipedda mariyu atyanta saktivantamaina ice breaker, dhi, 1969loe pampinhee cheyabadindi. aame asalu moodu aaviri turbine, tommidi generator mariyu moodu vidyut motaru vyavastha utpatti chestundi. bahula-samvatsaraala madhya-jeevitapu refit project (1987-1993) oodaku kotta villu mariyu kotta chodaka vyavasthanu andinchindi. kotta vidyut plantlo aidu deasle, moodu generatorlu mariyu moodu electric motorlu unnaayi, ivi daadaapu oke chodaka saktini andistaayi.
1994 augustu 22naa luis ess. seyint-laurent "mariyu uttara dhruvaniki cherukunna modati uttara america uparitala noukagaa maarindi. eee noukanu modata 2000loe upasamharinchukovaalani nirnayinchaaru; ayithe, oka punarnirmaanam upasamharana teedeeni 2017 varaku podiginchindi. coast gaard kosam kotta taragati polar ice breakernu pravesapettadam varaku 2020la varaku dheenini sevalo unchaalani pranaalika cheyabadindi.
anusaktitoe nadiche ice breakerlu.
russia prastutam unna mariyu panichestunna anni anusaktitoe nadiche ice breakerlanu nirvahistondi. modatidi, ns, 1957loe praarambhinchabadindi mariyu 1989loe adhikarikamga upasamharinchukovadaaniki mundu 1959loe kaaryakalaapaaloki pravesinchindi. idhi prapanchamlooni mottamodati anusaktitoe nadiche uparitala nauka mariyu modati anusaktitoe nadiche poura nauka rendoo. 
rendava soviet anhu ice breaker ns, idhi soviet union yokka pradhana ooda. 1975 nundi sevalo unna aame, 1977 augustu 17naa uttara dhruvaniki cherukunna modati uparitala nauka. soviet union velupala aneka anusaktitoe nadiche ice breakerlu kooda nirminchabaddaayi. 1980la chivaralo soviet union kosam finlandlo rendu nissara-draft "taimir"-taragati anhu ice breakerlu nirminchabaddaayi.
mae 2007loe, anusaktitoe nadiche russian ice breaker ns kosam samudra pareekshalu puurtayyaayi. eee noukanu enimidi russian prabhutva yaajamaanyamloni anhu ice breakerlanu nirvahinche murmansk shipping company sevaloki teesukuvacchindi. eee keelnu modata 1989loe leningrad yokka baltic works dwara veyabadindi, mariyu eee oodanu 1993loe ns "ural" gaa praarambhinchaaru. eee ice breaker "arkatika" taragatilo aarava mariyu chivaridigaa uddesinchabadindi.
function.
nedu, kaalaanuguna ledhaa shaashwata manchu paristhitulu unna chota vaanijya maargaalanu terichi unchadaaniki chaalaa ice breakerlu avasaram. eee praantaalalo odarevulanu piliche vaanijya noukalu manchulo navigation kosam balopetam cheyabadinappatiki, avi saadhaaranamgaa manchunu swayamgaa nirvahinchadaaniki taginanta saktivantamainavi kaavu. eee kaaranamgaa, baltic samudramlo, goppa sarassulu mariyu seyint laurence samudra maargam, mariyu uttara samudra maargam venta, manchu-nindina jalaala dwara okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva naukala kaanvaylanu surakshitamgaa escort cheyadam ice breakerla pradhana pani. oka ooda manchutho nischalamainappudu, ice breaker ooda chuttoo unna manchunu vichchinnam cheyadam dwara daanini vidipinchaali mariyu avasaramaite, manchu kshetram gundaa surakshitamaina marganni teravali. kashtataramaina manchu paristhitulalo, ice breaker balaheenamaina noukalanu kooda laagagaladu.
architic mariyu antarciticalo shaastreeya parisoedhanaku maddatu ivvadaaniki konni ice breakerlu kooda upayoginchabadataayi. manchu vichchinnam cheyagala saamardhyaaniki adanamgaa, oodalu dhruva praantaalaku mariyu nundi ravana cheyadaaniki sahetukamaina manchi bahiranga neeti lakshanaalanu kaligi undaali, shaastreeya sibbandiki soukaryaalu mariyu vasati mariyu teeramlo parisoedhanaa kendraalanu sarafara cheyadaaniki cargo saamarthyaanni kaligi undaali. desheeya jalaallo ice breakerlu avasaram laeni argentine mariyu dakshinaafrikaa vanti deshaalalo dhruva praantaalalo adhyayanalu nirvahinchadaaniki parisoedhana ice breakerlu unnaayi.
samudrateera drilling arctic samudraalaku taralistunnappudu, drilling pradaesaalaku sarukunu mariyu parikaraalanu sarafara cheyadaaniki mariyu manchu nirvahana cheyadam dwara drilling shiplu mariyu chamuru platformlanu manchu nundi rakshinchadaaniki ice breaking noukalu avasaram, indulo udaaharanaku manchu chinna flosga vidadeeyadam mariyu steering ice burgs rakshita vastuvu nundi dhooramgaa untaayi. gatamlo, ituvanti karyakalapalu pradhanamgaa uttara americalo jarigaayi, conny nedu architic samudrateera drilling mariyu chamuru utpatti kooda russian aarkitikloni vividha praantaalalo jarugutondi.
united states coast gaard manchu, dhruva mahasamudralalo shodhana mariyu rakshana karyakalapalanu nirvahinchadaaniki ice breakerlanu upayogistundi. united states ice breakerlu aardhika prayojanaalanu kaapaadataaniki mariyu architic mariyu antarcitic praantaalalo desham yokka unikini konasaaginchadaaniki upayogapadataayi. aarkitikloni manchu kappulu karigipotune unnanduna, marinni margalu kanugonabaddayi. eee saadhyamayye naukayana margalu prapanchavyaaptamgaa deshaala nundi dhruva ardhagolaalalo aasaktulanu penchutaayi. united states dhruva manchu vichchinnaalu vistaristunna architic mariyu antarcitic mahasamudralalo shaastreeya parisoedhanaku maddatu ivvadam konasaaginchaali. prati samvatsaram, oka bhaarii ice breaker operation deep freeze cheyali, antaarkitikaaloni national sains foundation yokka soukaryam mcmurdoku noukalanu tirigi sarafara cheyadaaniki surakshitamaina marganni clear cheyali. iteevali bahula-nelala vihaarayaatraku "dhruva nakshatram" naayakatvam vahinchindi, idhi chaanelnu manchu lekunda nirvahinchadaaniki mundu oka container mariyu indhana oodanu pramaadakaramaina paristhitula dwara rakshinchindi. bhaarii ice breaker lekunda, america antarciticalo thana dhruva parisoedhananu konasaginchalekapoyindi, endukante sains foundationku cherukovadaniki maargam undadu.
lakshanaalu.
manchu nirodhakata mariyu pottu roopam.
ice breakerlu tarachugaa tama vaalu villulanu manchupaiki naduputuu, ooda baruvutho vichchinnam chese oodalugaa varninchabaddaayi. vaastavaaniki, idhi chaalaa mandapati manchulo matrame jarugutundi, ikkada ice breaker nadaka vegamtho munduku saagutundi ledhaa padepade aneka ooda podavulanu tagginchi, puurti saktitoe manchu pyaaknu raam cheyalsi untundi. marinta saadhaaranamgaa, saapekshamgaa takkuva vasyata balam kaligina manchu, ice breaker trimlo gurtinchadagina maarpu lekunda sulabhamgaa virigi, pottu kinda munigipotundi, ayithe nauka saapekshamgaa adhika mariyu sthiramaina vegamtho munduku saagutundi.
oka ice breaker roopakalpana chesinappudu, manchunu anichiveyadam mariyu vichchinnam cheyadam mariyu virigina flolanu ooda kinda munigipovadam valla kalige saktulanu tagginchadam pradhana lakshyaalalo okati. eee takshana saktula yokka rekhansha bhagala sagatu viluvanu ooda yokka manchu nirodhakata antaaru. ice breakerla roopakalpana chese naukaadala vaastusilpulu nauka yokka ice breaking saamarthyaanni nirnayinchadaaniki "hetch"-"vii"-vakrata anie pilavabade vaatini upayogistaaru. idhi manchu mandam ("h") yokka vidhiga ooda saadhinchagala vegaanni ("v") chooputundi. propellerla nundi vachhe ottidi nauka yokka mishrama hydrodynamic mariyu manchu nirodhakataku samaanamaina vegaanni lekkinchadam dwara idhi jarugutundi. ottidi gatlu vanti vividha manchu paristhitulalo ooda yokka manchu vicchinna saamarthyaanni nirnayinchadaaniki oka pratyaamnaaya maargam manchu tanklo namuunaa pareekshalu nirvahinchadam. paddhatitoe sambandham lekunda, ooda nirminchina tarvaata kotta ice breakerla vaastava paniteeru puurti sthaayi ice trialslo dhruveekarinchabadutundi.
manchu vichchinnam chese saktulanu tagginchadaaniki, saadhaaranamgaa manchu vichchinnam chese pora yokka pottu rekhalu roopondinchabadataayi, tadwara neeti rekha vadda manta veelainanta chinnadigaa untundi. phalitamgaa, manchunu vichchinnam chese noukalu vaalu ledhaa gundrani kaandam, alaage vaalu vaipula mariyu manchulo yuktini meruguparachadaaniki chinna samaantara madhya nauka dwara vargeekarinchabadataayi. ayithe, chencha aakaaramlo unde villu mariyu gundrani pottu paelavamaina hydrodynamic saamarthyam mariyu seakeeping lakshanaalanu kaligi untaayi, mariyu ice breakernu slamming ledhaa ooda diguva nirmaanam samudra uparitalampai prabhavam choope avakaasam untundi. eee kaaranamgaa, ice breaker yokka pottu tarachugaa kaneesa manchu nirodhakata, manchulo yukti, takkuva hydrodynamic nirodhakata mariyu taginanta bahiranga neeti lakshanaala madhya raajee untundi.
konni ice breakerlu sturn kante villuloo vedalpugaa unde pottu kaligi untaayi. remers" anie pilavabadevi manchu chaanal vedalpunu penchutaayi, tadwara offshiplo gharshana nirodhakatanu taggistaayi alaage manchulo ooda yokka yuktini meruguparustaayi. takkuva gharshana peyinttho paatu, konni ice breakerlu paeludu-welding rapidi-nirodhaka steinless steel ice beltnu upayogistaayi, idhi gharshananu marinta taggistundi mariyu ooda yokka pottuni tuppu nundi rakshistundi. pottu mariyu manchu madhya saralata poranu erpaatu cheyadam dwara gharshananu tagginchadaaniki saktivantamaina neeti pravahalu mariyu gaali budagalu vanti sahayaka vyavasthalu upayoginchabadataayi. noukaku rendu vaipula tankula madhya neetini pumping cheyadam valla gharshananu tagginchi, manchu gundaa purogatini sulabhataram chese nirantara rolling jarugutundi. manchu nirodhakatanu marinta tagginchadaaniki mariyu manchu rahita chaanelnu srushtinchadaaniki chadunaina thysen-vaas villu mariyu sthuupaakaara villu vanti prayogaatmaka villu namuunaalu samvatsaraalugaa prayatninchabaddaayi.
nirmaanaatmaka roopakalpana.
manchu nindina neetilo panichese ice breakerlu mariyu itara noukalaku nauka yokka pottu mariyu chuttupakkala manchu madhya sambandham phalitamgaa vividha bhaaraalaku vyatiraekamgaa adanapu nirmaanaatmaka balopetam avasaram. pottu yokka vividha praantaala madhya manchu ottidi maarutuu untundi kabatti, manchu vellae nauka yokka pottu loe atyanta balopetam cheyabadina praantaalu villu, idhi atyadhika manchu bhaaraalanu anubhavistundi, mariyu jalarekha chuttoo, neeti rekha paina mariyu krinda adanapu balopethamtho ooda chuttoo nirantara manchu belt erpadutundi.
chinna mariyu mondigaa unde ice breakerlu saadhaaranamgaa viloma framingnu upayoginchi nirminchabadataayi, dheenilo podavaina nowkalaloo upayoginche rekhansha framingku viruddhamgaa, shell platingnu framelatho vaerugaa unchutaaru. neeti rekhaku sameepamlo, niluvu disalo nadustunna framelu shell plating meeda sthaanikamgaa kendreekrutamaina manchu bhaaraalanu stringerlu anie piluvabade rekhansha gardarlaku pampinhee chestaayi, ivi marinta spread-avt hull lodlanu mosukelle web framelu mariyu bulk headla dwara maddatu istayi. manchutho pratyaksha sambandhamlo unna shell plating, paatha dhruva ice breakerlalo mandamgaa undavacchu, aadhunika ice breakerlalo digubadi balam kaligina adhika balam gala ukkunu upayoginchadam valla chinna padaartha mandam mariyu takkuva ukku baruvutho adhe nirmaana balam erpadutundi. balam entainaa, ice breaker yokka pottu nirmaanaalalo upayoginche ukku takkuva parisara ushnogratalu mariyu adhika loading paristhitulalo pelusugaa unde pagullanu nirodhinchagala saamarthyam kaligi undaali, eee rendoo manchu nindina neetilo kaaryakalaapaalaku vilakshanhamainavi.
american beuro off shipping, dett norske veritas ledhaa lloyd register vanti vargeekarana sangham nirdesinchina niyamaala prakaram nirminchinatlayithe, ooda yokka pottu loe manchu balopetam sthaayi aadhaaramgaa ice breakerlaku ice class ketayinchavacchu. idhi saadhaaranamgaa ooda panichese avakaasam unna garishta manchu mandam mariyu ramingpai saadhyamayye parimitulu vanti itara avasaraala dwara nirnayinchabadutundi. manchu taragati saadhaaranamgaa manchu balopetam sthaayini suuchistumdi, ice breaker yokka vaastava manchu vichchinnam saamarthyaanni kaadu, russian maritime register off shipping vanti konni vargeekarana sanghaalu konni manchu taragatulaku kaaryaacharana saamarthya avasaralanu kaligi untaayi. 2000la nundi, vargeekarana samajam yokka antarjaateeya sangham (iacs) vargeekarana samajam yokka nirdishta manchu taragati sangnaamaanaala sthaanamlo dhruva taragati (pisi) anie piluvabade ekikruta vyavasthanu avalambinchaalani pratipaadinchindi.
shakti mariyu chodaka shakti.
rendava prapancha yuddham nundi, chaalaa varaku ice breakerlu deasle-electric propulsiontho nirminchabaddaayi, dheenilo deasle enginelu generatorlatho jatacheyabadi sthira pitch propellarlanu marche propulsion motorla kosam vidyuttunu utpatti chestaayi. modati deasle-electric ice breakerlu direct current (disi) generatorlu mariyu propulsion motarlatho nirminchabaddaayi, conny samvatsaraalugaa saanketikata modata pratyaamnaaya current (esi) generatorlaku mariyu chivaraku frequency-niyantrita esi-esi vyavasthalaku abhivruddhi chendindi. aadhunika deasle-electric ice breakerlalo, propulsion vyavastha power plant suutram prakaram nirminchabadindi, dheenilo pradhana generatorlu onboard viniyogadaarulandariki vidyuttunu sarafara chestaayi mariyu sahayaka enginelu avasaram ledhu. 
electric propulsion motorla yokka manchi takkuva vaega tark lakshanaala kaaranamgaa deasle-electric powertrain ice breakerlaku ishtapade empika ayinappatikee, taggimpu gearboxlu mariyu niyantrinchadagina pitch propellarlatho yaantrikamgaa jatacheyabadina deasle enginelatho ice breakerlu kooda nirminchabaddaayi. deasle-electric propulsion vyavasthala kante mechanical powertrainku takkuva baruvu mariyu merugaina indhana saamarthyam vanti aneka prayojanaalu unnaayi. ayithe, propeller viplavaalalo aakasmika maarpulaku deasle enginelu sunnitamgaa untaayi, mariyu eee yaantrika power trainlanu edurkovadaniki saadhaaranamgaa pedda flywheels ledhaa hydrodynamic couplinglatho amarchabadi propeller-ice paraspara charya phalitamgaa vachhe tark vaividhyaalanu grahistaayi.
1969loe nirminchina kenadian polar ice breaker ccgs luis ess. moodu vidyut chodaka motorlaku saktini utpatti chese aaviri boilerlu mariyu turbogeneratorlatho amarchina konni ice breakerlalo seyint-laurent okati. taruvaata dheenini aidu deasle enginelatho refit chesaaru, ivi aaviri turbinela kante merugaina indhana podupuni andistaayi. taruvaata kenadian ice breakerlu deasle-electric powertraintho nirminchabaddaayi.
united states coast gaard nirvahinche rendu polar-class ice breakerlu, aaru deasle injanlu mariyu moodu gyaas turbinelatho kuudina mishrama deasle-electric mariyu mechanical propulsion systemnu kaligi unnaayi. deasle enginelu moodu propulsion motorlaku saktini utpatti chese generatorlatho jatacheyabadi undagaa, gyaas turbinelu neerugaa niyantrinchadagina pitch propellarlanu nadipe propeller shaftlatho jatacheyabadataayi. deasle-vidyut vidyut kendram varaku utpatti cheyagaladu, ayithe gyaas turbinelu nirantaram samyukta ratingnu kaligi untaayi.
chodaka yantraala sankhya, rakam mariyu sthaanam nauka yokka shakti, draft mariyu uddesinchina uddesyampai aadharapadi untundi. chinna ice breakerlu mariyu ice breaking pratyeka prayojana noukalu kevalam oka propellertho cheyagalavu, ayithe pedda dhruva ice breakerlu saadhaaranamgaa anni saktini grahinchi taginanta ottidini andinchadaaniki moodu pedda propellerlu avasaram. konni nissara draft nadhi ice breakerlu naalugu propellarlatho nirminchabaddaayi. takkuva vegamtho ottidini penchadaaniki nozzles upayoginchavacchu, conny avi manchutho muusukupoevachchu. 1980la varaku, baltic samudramloni anchula manchu kshetraalalo kramam tappakunda panichese ice breakerlalo modatidi mariyu taruvaata rendu villu chodakaalu amarchabadi, ooda pottu venta saktivantamaina flushnu srushtinchevi. idhi pottu mariyu manchu madhya gharshananu tagginchadam dwara naukala yokka manchu vichchinnam saamarthyaanni gananeeyamgaa penchindi mariyu manchu vichchinnaalu ramming cheyakunda mandapati manchu gatlu loki chochukupovadaniki veelu kalpinchindi. ayithe, boow propellerlu kathinamaina bahula-samvatsaraala manchu samakshamlo panichese dhruva manchu breakerlaku anukuulamgaa undavu, anduvalla aarkitiklo upayoginchabadaledu.
azimuth thrusterlu niluvu aksham chuttoo 360 degreela chuttoo tippagala chodakaalu nadapagalige gondolalo unchadam dwara saampradaaya chodakaalu mariyu rudderla avasaranni tolagistaayi. eee thrusterlu chodaka saamarthyam, manchu vichchinnam saamarthyam mariyu nauka yokka yukti saamarthyaanni meruguparustaayi. azimuth thrusterla vadakam kooda oodanu yuktini kolpokunda manchulo asthiramgaa kadaladaaniki anumatistundi. idhi double acting ships, ice breaker villu aakaaramlo unna noukalu mariyu open water paniteeru kosam roopondinchina villu abhivruddhiki daariteesindi. eee vidhamgaa, ooda kashtataramaina manchu paristhitulalo panichese saamarthyaanni rajipadakunda bahiranga neetilo panicheyadaaniki aardhikamgaa labhadayakamga untundi. ajimat thrusterlu manchu dwara vistruta chaanelnu teravadaaniki pakkaki panichese kotta prayogaatmaka ice breakerlanu abhivruddhi cheyadaanni kooda saadhyam chesaayi.
anusaktitoe.
1950la chivaralo soviet union 1959loe mottamodati anusaktitoe nadiche ice breaker "lenin" nuu praarambhinchinappudu aaviritoe nadiche ice breakerlu punarutthaanam cheyabaddaayi. indulo anhu-turbo-electric powertrain undhi, dheenilo anhu reactornu turbogeneratorla kosam aavirini utpatti cheyadaaniki upayoginchaaru, idhi chodaka motorla kosam vidyuttunu utpatti chestundi. 1975 nundi, rashyanlu aaru "arctica"-taragati anhu ice breakerlanu niyaminchaaru. soviet luu anusaktitoe nadiche "sevmorput" anae manchutho kuudina saruku ravana noukanu kooda nirminchaaru, indulo oke anhu reactor mariyu neerugaa propeller shaftto jatacheyabadina aaviri turbine unnaayi. anusaktitoe nadiche ice breakerla ekaika operatorga unna russia, prastutam vruddhaapya "arctica" taragati sthaanamlo ice breakerlanu nirmistondi. eee rakamaina modati nauka 2020loe sevaloki pravesinchindi.
pratidhvani paddhati.
hovercraft pratidhvani paddhati dwara manchunu vichchinnam cheyagaladu. idhi manchu mariyu neeru pagilipovadaaniki taginanta yaantrika alasatanu kaliginche varaku paiki krindiki oogisalaadataaniki kaaranamavutundi.