quaker vyapara paddhati

quaker vyapara paddhati ledhaa quaker nirnayam teesukovadam anedi kwekarlu ledhaa 'snehitula mataparamaina samaajamlooni sabhyulu' vaari mataparamaina vyavaharalanu nirvahinchadaaniki (vaanijya vyapaaraalanu asthiramgaa nadapadaniki badulugaa) upayoginche samuuha nirnayam teesukovadam mariyu vivekam yokka oka roopam. idhi pradhanamgaa vyaparam kosam aaradhana kosam samavesalalo nirvahinchabadutundi, ivi saamuuhika nirnayaalanu namodu cheyadaaniki nimishala musaida cheyabadina kramam tappakunda jarige samavesalu. 
eee abhyasam "prati okkarilo devudu unnadu" anae pradhana quaker nammakampai aadharapadi untundi, anduvalla prati vyaktiki devuni chittaanni anubhavinchadaaniki madhyavartitvam laeni avakaasam undhi. tadanantaram, nissabda pratibimbam, prerepita prakatanalu (swara paricharya) mariyu phalitamgaa vachhe "samavesa bhavanni" sangrahinchadam dwara devuni chittaanni samishtiga grahinchadam eee abhyasam lakshyam. balamaina aadhyaatmika aadharam quaker vyapara paddhatini nirnayaatmaka roopamgaa gurtistundi, parliamentary vidhanam vanti puurtigaa hetubaddhamaina paddhatulaku viruddhamgaa. kwekarlu tama abhyasanni majority, ekaabhipraayam ledhaa ekaabhipraayamtho poliste "aikyata" gaa varnistaaru.
vividha quaker samsthalu vyaparam kosam tama samavesalanu elaa nirvahistaayane daani madhya chinna thedaalu unnappatikee, 17va sataabdam chivaralo quakerism praarambhamaina koddikaalaanike daani bhavana nundi eee abhyasam praathamikamgaa maaraledu. saamaajika udyamaalalo ekaabhipraaya nirnayam teesukune loukika paddhatulu mariyu saamaajika vyavasthalo sammati 20va sataabdamloo quaker abhyasam dwara neerugaa prerana pondaayi.
charitra.
aangla antaryuddham (1642-1651) samayamlo ingland charchi nundi vidipoyina aneka asammati samoohaalalo kwekarlu okaru. prati vyaktiki devuni chittaanni anubhavinchadaaniki samaanamaina mariyu pratyaksha avakaasam undani vaari nammakam vaarini sthaapinchabadina charchi yokka sopaanakramaaniki viruddhamgaa unchutundi. aneka prarambha kwekarlu vyaktigatamgaa pramaanaalu teesukoovadaaniki niraakarinchadam, bahirangamgaa nagnamgaa velladam mariyu ingland charchi yokka sevalalo tama topeelanu teeseyadaaniki niraakarinchadam vanti sasanollanghana charyalanu koorutuu devuni chittaanni ardham chesukunnaru. james noiler noiler bristol loe jerusalemloki pravesinchinappudu kwekarla patla sthaapana yokka perugutunna agraham garishta sthaayiki cherukundi. atanipai daivaduushanha, vikruta mariyu khaidu abhiyogaalu mopabaddaayi; itara quaker avidheyatapai anachiveta perigindi.
georg faaks mariyu kwekarla konasagimpu gurinchi aandolana chendutunna itarulu prati vyaktilo devudu unnappatikee, devudu vairudhyam lekunda unnappatikee, devuni chittam yokka "vivarana" vyakti ardham chesukovadam dwara prabhaavitamavutundani nirdhaaranaku vacchaaru. anduvalla ayana vishwaasulanu kalisi kalusukuni, "samishtiga" devuni chittaanni, saareerakamgaa ardham chesukovadaniki prothsahinchaaru (i.ii. oka ekikruta samsthagaa) "pareeksha" aandolanalu mariyu maargadarsakaalu. ituvanti samavesalu 'hetubaddhamaina charchalu' kakudadu, conny vyaktigata anubhavam kalayika dwara devuni chittampai saamuuhika daryaaptu. 
modata, charchi vyavahaaraala kosam purushula mariyu mahilala samavesalu rendoo vidigaa jarigaayi. idhi aaa samayamlo baadhyataayutamaina oka samoola pratinidhi brundam. 19va sataabdam chivari natiki, purushulu mariyu mahilala samavesalu puurtigaa ekikrutam cheyabaddaayi, cheyabaddaayi badhala kosam samavesalu ekikrutam cheyabaddaayi.
lakshanaalu.
vividha quaker samsthala madhya abhyasam vivaramgaa bhinnamgaa unnappatikee, pradhana amsaalu okategaane untaayi. atyanta saadhaarana quaker samavesam, aaradhana kosam samavesam, abhyasanni upayoginchadu. sthaanika/sannahaka samavesalu, praantam/nelawari samavesalu mariyu vaarshika samavesalu vanti anni sthaayilalo quaker vyavaharalanu parisoedhimchi nirnayinche samavesalalo eee abhyasam upayoginchabadutundi. sthaanika samavesalu ellappuduu vaari praanta samavesaniki, mariyu vaari vaarshika samavesaniki lobadi untaayi. charchi vyavahaaraala kosam jarige samavesalu kooda aaradhana kosam jarige samavesalaga pariganinchabadataayi, antey "manam nijamgaa kalisi mariyu okarinokaru vintunte devuni maargadarsakatvaanni grahinchavacchani vaaru adhe nireekshananu kaligi untaaru". 
vyaparam kosam aaradhana kosam samavesalu saadhaaranamgaa sabhyatvam meeda vivekam vanti rahasya vishayaalatoe paatu, sabhyulu kaanivaariki terichi untaayi. evarainaa vivekam yokka amsam ayithe, udaaharanaku, vaaru oka paatraku nominate cheyabaddaaru, vaaru (mariyu edainaa takshana kutumba sabhyulu) gadini vidichipettamani korataru. prati okkaroo abhyantaram kaliginchakundaa panchukogalarani bhavinchela idhi chestundi. 
gumasta (luu) mariyu vaari vidhulu.
samavesalalo gumasta paatra avasaram. samavesa ejendaanu siddham cheyadam, samavesaniki maarganirdesam cheyadam, avasaramaite moderate cheyadam mariyu nimishalu mariyu upavaakyaalu siddham cheyadam vanti vatiki gumasta baadhyata vahistaadu. gumasta, yea peddalatho paatu, samavesam yokka kramasikshananu samarthinchadaaniki baadhyata vahistaadu, konnisaarlu dheenini sarainadi ledhaa "suvaarta" anie pilustaaru. gumasta samavesampai vaari prabhavanni durviniyogam cheyakunda undataaniki "samavesaniki sevakudu" gaa appaginchabaddaadu. 
nomination kamiteeche nominate cheyabadina taruvaata samavesam dwara oka gumasta niyaminchabadataadu. idhi saadhaaranamgaa moodu samvatsaraala kaalaaniki okasari matrame punaruddharinchabadutundi (i.ii. garishtamgaa aaru samvatsaraala kaalaaniki). gumasta paatranu iddaru ledhaa anthakante ekkuva mandhi saha-gumastaala madhya panchukovachhu. gumasta ledhaa saha-gumastaalaku sahayaka gumastaalu kooda undavacchu. clerk edainaa vyaparam kosam vellalsi vasthe, daaniki badulugaa saha-clerk ledhaa sahayaka clerk aaa paatranu nirvartistaaru. 
oka convenor chinna kamiteelalo gumasta paatranu nirvahinchavacchu.
prakriya.
nissabdam mariyu matladatam.
samavesalu sudeerghamaina nissabdamtoe praarambhamavutaayi, dheenini nireekshana aaradhana anie pilustaaru. paalgonevaaru 'tamanu taamu nissabdam chesukondi' mariyu 'antargata kaanti' paie drushti pettaalani bhaavistunnaaru. modati amsaanni parichayam chese mundu gumasta ejendaanu puurtigaa chaduvutaaru. sabhyulu kaani vaaru vyaparam kosam aaradhana kosam samavesaniki haajaru kaavadaaniki gumasta anumatini adagalani bhaavistunnaaru, idhi daadaapu ellappuduu ivvabadutundi.
oka agenda amsam chadivina tarvaata, samavesam nissabdamgaa aaa amsam meeda pratibimbistumdi, devuni maargadarsakatvam kosam vechi untundi. vyaktulu alaa cheyadaaniki moggu choopinatlayithe maatlaadataaniki nilabadataaru, dheenini "swara paricharya" antaaru. vaktalu vyaktigatamaina (vaari swantha anubhavam aadhaaramgaa), swatantramaina (itara prakatanalaku pratispandanagaa kaadu) mariyu sankshiptamaina prakatanalu cheyaalani bhaavistunnaaru; aneka pedda samavesalu prati amsaaniki okasari matrame matladamani prajalanu adugutaayi. 
prakatanalanu parigananaloki teesukoovadaaniki mariyu pratibimbimchae sthaayiki tirigi raavadaaniki samavesanni anumatinchadaaniki, prati paricharya tarvaata nissabdam kooda paatinchabadutundi. anduvalla, sambhaashana saadhaarana ardhamlo jaragadu. avasaramaite, gumasta nissabdamgaa matlade vyaktulanu prothsahinchadam dwara, muginchadaaniki sudeerghamgaa matlade vaarini gurthu cheyadam dwara ledhaa adanapu nissabdam kosam adagadam dwara sulabhataram chestaadu.
nimisham srushti mariyu musaida.
clerk oka vastuvunu eppudu puurtigaa pariseelinchaalo nirnayinchadaaniki vaari teerpunu upayogistaadu, saadhaaranamgaa vaaru sudeerghamaina nissabdam yokka vyavadhini gamaninchinappudu. vaaru oka nimisham (vraatapuurvaka prakatana) vraayadaaniki munduku saagutaaru, adhi samavesaniki chadive mundu, aaa amsampai 'samavesam yokka sphuurti' nii grahistundani vaaru nammutaaru. konni nimishalu mundugaane siddham cheyabadi undavacchu, mukhyamgaa saadhaarana vyaparam kosam, ayithe ivi samavesamlo edainaa nirnayam ledhaa swara mantritva saakhaku anugunamgaa savarinchabadataayi. eee prarambha musaida samayamlo, nissabdaanni konasaagistuu, praarthanalo gumasta (lanu) "samarthinchamani" snehitulanu adugutaaru.
vyaktulu paina vivarinchina vidhamgaa "nimishaaniki maatlaadavacchu", ayithe kotta vishayalu aamodinchabadavu. badulugaa, snehitulu nimisham varaku savaranalanu suuchistaaru, adhi samavesam yokka bhaavamtho sardubaatu ayyela chusukondi, edainaa mantritva saakhanu anukokunda tolaginchi, daani bhasha spashtamgaa mariyu sarainadigaa pariganinchandi. 
editing vyavadhi tarvaata, clerk (luu) nimisham aamodayogyamainada anie adugutaaru. samavesam aamodinchabadataaniki oka nimishamlo "ekam" kaavaali, lekapothe adhi vaida veyabadutundi. "oppandamlo aikyata" anedi ekagreeva oppandaaniki bhinnamgaa untundi, endukante prajalu tama vyaktigata ledhaa hetubaddhamaina aasaktulaku vyatiraekamgaa samavesamlo bhaagamgaa angeekarinchavacchuh idhi nissabdam dwara ledhaa "" aasha "" anie pratispandinchadam vanti dhruveekarinche prakatana dwara vyaktam cheyabadavachhu ".
mugimpu.
oka lekha ledhaa lekha tarachugaa vaarshika samavesa samavesala mugimpulo roopondinchabadutundi. idhi "pratichota snehitulaku" uddesinchabadindi, mariyu vyapara prakriyanu mariyu samavesam teesukunna nirnayaalanu sangrahinchadam dheeni lakshyam. oka nimisham maadirigaane eee samavesam kooda dheenini angeekaristundi. vaatini tarachugaa itara vaarshika samavesalalo chadavabadatayi.
migilina amsaalu poortayye varaku ledhaa samavesam samayam aipoye varaku adhe vidhamgaa vyavaharinchabadataayi. konni samavesalu, saadhaaranamgaa vaarshika samavesalu, aneka rojula paatu untaayi. veetilo, agenda aneka sessionlalo vibhajinchabadindi, virama samayamlo samavesam vaida veyabadindi.
samavesalu maroka podiginchina nissabdamtoe mugustaayi, eee samayamlo gumasta/saha-clerk sabha yokka "lopala" mariyu "tarapuna" nimishaanni santakam chestaaru.
prabhavam.
21va sataabdamloo eee abhyasam anekasaarlu naan-kwekarla kosam sweekarinchabadindi. antarleena vishwaasa vyavasthalu lekunda abhyasanni badilee chese saadhyatapai charcha unnappatikee, naastika kwekarla unikitho sahaa kwekarla madhya nammakam yokka vaividhyam kontha vasyatanu suuchistumdi.
saamaajikata.
carnelius 'keys' boke oka dutch quaker, athanu athanu quaker suutraala aadhaaramgaa werkplats kinder menschaapnu sthaapinchaadu. idhi quaker nirnayam teesukune loukika samskarananu upayoginchindi, dheenilo vidyaarthulu kooda paatasaala nirvahanalo palgontaru. dheenini 1960la chivaralo gerard edenberg (boeck vidyaarthulaloo okaru) abhivruddhi chesi samakaaleena saamaajika vyavasthalo "sammati" gaa paeru gaanchaaru.
mahilalu shanti kosam samme chestaaru.
eleanor garst quakerism dwara baga prabhaavitamaindi, aame bhartha WWII loki nirbandhamgaa namodu cheyadaanni pratighatinchinanduku waar resisters leag yokka pensylvanian kwekarla nundi maddatu kosam adigi telusukoledu. telusukoledu shanti kosam mahilala samme vyavasthaapaka samavesaniki quaker-shaili samavesa paddhatulanu pravesapettadamto eleanor gurtimpu pondaadu. idhi pattubadindi, mariyu kalakramena ekaabhipraayamgaa soochinchabadindi, nissabdaaniki praadhaanyata ivvadam chivariki vadiliveyabadindi.

