
zimbabwe aardhika vyavastha

zimbabwe aardhika vyavastha aardhika vyavastha yokka trutheeya rangampai aadhaarapadutundi, dheenini aardhika vyavastha yokka seva rangam anie kooda pilustaaru, idhi 2017 natiki mottam gdplo 60 saatam varaku untundi. zimbabwe 60.6% skorutho prapanchamlone rendava atipedda, saatam prakaram, anadhikaarika aardhika vyavasthanu kaligi undhi. vyavasayam mariyu ganula tavvakam egumatulaku ekkuvagaa dohadam chestaayi. 1999 mariyu 2008 madhya nirantara pratikuula vruddhi taruvaata, zimbabwe aardhika vyavastha 2008 nundi 2013 varaku 34 saatam vaarshika retutho vruddhi chendhi, prapanchamlone atyanta vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna aardhika vyavasthagaa nilichindi. appati nundi vruddhi asthiramgaa undhi, conny end-tuu-end praatipadikana sagatuna 5 saatam undhi.
desamlo metallurgical-grade chromite nilvalu unnaayi. itara vaanijya khanija niksheepaalaloo boggu, asbestas, raagi, nickel, bangaaram, platinum mariyu inupa khanijam unnaayi.
prastuta aardhika paristhitulu.
2000loe, zimbabwe valasarajyala dwara pondina tellajati yaajamaanyamloni, vaanijya polaalanu sekarinchi, aaa bhoomini nallajati majorityki tirigi ivvadaaniki bhuu punahpampinii chattanni pranaalika chesindi. kottagaa nivasinchevaaru, pradhanamgaa sthaanika pourulu mariyu paalaka jaanu-pf paripaalanaloni aneka mandhi pramukha sabhyulatho kuudinavaaru, vyavasaayamlo anubhavam laenivaaru ledhaa aasakti laenivaaru, tadwara munupati bhuswamula sramatho kuudina, atyanta samarthavanthamaina nirvahananu konasaginchadamlo viphalamayyaru. bhoomi ledhaa parikaraalanu vikrayinchadam dwara swalpakaalika labhalu saadhinchabaddaayi. samakaaleena vyavasaya naipunhyam lekapovadam teevramaina egumati nashtalanu prerepinchindi mariyu market vishwaasaanni pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitam chesindi. desham aahara utpattilo bhaarii ksheenatanu chavichusindi mariyu panileni bhoomini ippudu jeevanaadhaara vyavasayam chese graameena samajalu upayogistunnaayi. pogaaku, coffey vanti saadhaarana egumati pantalaku bhinnamgaa mokkajonna vanti pradhana aahara padaarthaala utpatti tadanugunamgaa kolukundi. zimbabwe kooda prapancha charitralo namodaina adhika dravyolbananiki 30va sanghatananu konasaaginchindi.
prabhutva vyayam gdplo 29.7%. rashtra samsthalaku balamaina subsidylu istaaru. pannulu mariyu sunkaalu ekkuvagaa untaayi, mariyu rashtra niyantrana anedi companylaku khareedainadi. vyapaaraanni praarambhinchadam ledhaa moosiveyadam anedi nemmadigaa mariyu khareedainadi. kaarmika market nibandhanala kaaranamgaa, kaarmikulanu niyaminchadam mariyu tolaginchadam sudeergha prakriya. 2008 natiki nirudyogam 94 saataaniki perigindi.
aasaktikaramgaa, december 2021 natiki, zimbabwe yokka adhikaarika nirudyogita raetu, prapancha byaanku prakaram kooda, 5.17% vadda undhi, idhi aafrikaalo athi takkuva nirudyogita raetlaloo okatigaa nilichindi. zimbabwelo rojuvaaree aneka udyogaalanu post chese zimbabwelo pani vanti zimbabveloni upaadhi websitela dwara kooda dheeniki maddatu ivvavacchu.
africa purogati panel 2014 nivedika prakaram, talasari gdp rettimpu kaavadaaniki enni samvatsaraalu padutundo nirnayinchetappudu pariseelinchina anni african deshaalalo, zimbabwe atyanta ghoramgaa undani, prastuta abhivruddhi retutho desham talasari gdp rettimpu kaavadaaniki 190 samvatsaraalu padutundani kanugonnaru. swadesheekarana karyakramam (tappanisari samuparjana) chuttoo anischiti, patrika swechcha lekapovadam, us dollarnu adhikaarika currenciega vidichipettina avakaasam, endisi thoo jaateeya aikyata prabhutvam mugisina taruvaata raajakeeya anischiti, alaage jaanu-pf lopala adhikara poraataalu dhesha aardhika paristhiti marinta digajaarutundane aandolanalanu penchaayi.
aardhika vyavastha paelavamaina paniteeruku mukhyamaina kaaranaalu "takkuva sthaayi utpatti mariyu sahayaka vaanijya antaram, takkuva videshee pratyaksha pettubadulu mariyu bhaarii bakayila kaaranamgaa antarjaateeya aardhika vyavasthaku praapyata lekapovadam" anie aardhika mantri 2016 septembarulo gurtinchaaru.
prapancha byaanku group vidudala chesina 190 eej off dooing business nivedikalo zimbabwe 140va sthaanamlo nilichindi. runaanni pondhe saamarthyam (85va sthaanam) mariyu alpasankhyaaka pettubadidaarulanu (95va sthaanam) rakshinchadamlo vaaru unnata sthaanamlo unnaaru.
moulika sadupayalu mariyu vanarulu.
ravana.
zimbabwe antargata ravana mariyu vidyut network taginantagaa unnaayi; ayinappatikee, nirvahana aneka samvatsaraalugaa nirlakshyam cheyabadindi. paelavamaina chadunu cheyabadina rahadaarulu pradhana pattana mariyu paarisraamika praantaalanu kaluputaayi, ayithe zimbabwe jaateeya railvelache niyantrinchabade railu margalu zimbabwenu daani poruguvaarindarito anusandhaaninche vistaaramaina madhya african railroad networktho kaluputaayi.
shakti.
deshaaniki vidyut saktini andinchadaaniki zimbabwe vidyut sarafara adhikaram baadhyata vahistundi. zimbabwelo vidyut utpatti kosam rendu pedda soukaryaalu unnaayi, kariba anakatta (zambiaku chendinadi) mariyu 1983 nundi hwange boggu kshetraaniki prakkane unna pedda hwange ushna vidyut kendram. ayithe, mottam utpatti saamarthyam demandnu teerchadu, idhi rolling blockavutlaku daariteestundi. vruddhaapyam mariyu nirvahana nirlakshyam kaaranamgaa hwange station daani puurti saamarthyaanni upayoginchalekapoyindi. 2006loe, kuppakuulina moulika sadupayalu, generatorlu, boggu tavvakaala kosam vidibhaagaala korata zimbabwe thana saktilo 40 saatam digumati chesukovadaniki daariteesindi, indulo democratic republic off kango nundi 100 megaavaatlu, mosambic nundi 200 megaavaatlu, dakshinaafrikaa nundi 450 varaku, zambia nundi 300 megaavaatlu unnaayi. 2010 mae nelaloo 2500 megawatla garishta demand thoo poliste desamlo vidyut utpatti 940 megaavaatlu gaa anchanaa veyabadindi. sthaanika chinna taraha generatorla vadakam vistrutamgaa undhi.
phone.
kotta telephone linelu dorakadam kashtamgaa undedi. ayithe, telontho, zimbabwelo oke oka sthira line servies provider undhi. cellular phone netvarklu oka pratyaamnaayam. pradhana mobile phone operatorlu telesel, nett * vann mariyu econnet.
vyavasayam.
zimbabwelo vyavasayanni rendu bhagaluga vibhajinchavachhuh patthi, pogaaku, coffey, verusenagalu mariyu vividha pandla vanti pantala vaanijya vyavasayam mariyu mokkajonna ledhaa godhuma vanti pradhana pantalatho jeevanaadhaara vyavasayam.
2000loe vivaadaaspada bhuu punahpampinii karyakramam praarambhamayye varaku vaanijya vyavasayam daadaapu pratyaekamgaa tella minorityla chetullo undedi. zimbabveloni bhoomini tella raitula nundi balavantamgaa swaadheenam chesukuni nallajati sthiranivaasulaku tirigi pampinhee chesaaru, idhi valasavaadam nundi migilipoyina asamaanatalanu saricheyadaaniki uddesinchinadani mugabe samarthinchaaru. kotta yajamaanulaku bhuu hakkulu laevu, alaage byaanku runaalanu pondadaaniki avasaramaina anushangikam ledhu. chinna taraha raitulaku kooda vaanijya taraha vyavasaayamlo anubhavam ledhu.
bhoomi punarviniyogam taruvaata, zimbabwe yokka chaalaa bhoomi paadu ayyindi, mariyu vyavasaya utpatti baga taggindi. zimbabwe vishwavidyaalayam 2008loe 2000 mariyu 2007 madhya vyavasaya utpatti 51 saatam taggindani anchanaa vesindi. zimbabwe pradhana egumati panta ayina pogaaku utpatti 2000 nundi 2008 varaku 79 saatam taggindi.
2008 taruvaata pogaaku utpatti punaruddharinchabadindi, dheeniki kaaranam contract vyavasaya vyavastha mariyu perugutunna chaina demand. british american pogaaku, chaina pogaaku vanti antarjaateeya pogaaku companylu raitulaku vyavasaya inputlu, parikaraalu, runaalanu sarafara chesaayi, pogaaku pempakamlo vaarini paryaveekshinchaayi. 2018 natiki pogaaku utpatti 258 million kilolaku perigindi, idhi rikaardu sthaayilo rendava atipedda panta. ekkuvagaa european mariyu american companylaku vikrayinche pedda tellajati yaajamaanyamloni polaalaku badulugaa, zimbabwe pogaaku rangamlo ippudu chinna nallajati yaajamaanyamloni polaalu unnaayi, ivi sagaaniki paiga pantanu chainaku egumati chestunnayi. 2017loe zimbabwe gdplo pogaaku vyavasayam 11 saatam vatanu kaligi undhi, mariyu daani 16 millionla prajalalo 3 millionla mandhi tama jeevanopaadhi kosam pogaakupai aadharapaddaru.
bhuu samskaranalaku aafrikaalo gananeeyamaina maddatu labhinchindi mariyu african-american kaaryakartalalo kontamandi maddatudaarulu unnaaru, conny juun 2006loe dakshinaafrikaa paryatanalo jesse jackson ilaa vyakhyaaninchaadu, "bhoomi puna ist pampinhee anedi chaalaa kaalamgaa saadhinchaalsina goppa lakshyam, conny idhi gaayam tagginche vidhamgaa cheyali. eee prakriya pettubadidaarulanu bhayapettadam kante vaarini aakarshinchaali. zimbabwelo prajaasvaamya paalana avasaram, desamlo prajaswamyam lekapovadam, idhe eee aardhika maandyaaniki pradhana kaaranam."
zimbabwe 2018loe utpatti chesindi
itara vyavasaya utpattula chinna utpattulato paatu.
ganula tavvakam rangam.
itara dakshina africa deshaala maadirigaane, zimbabwe neelaloo platinum, boggu, inupa khanijam mariyu bangaaram vanti mudi padaarthaalu samruddhiga unnaayi. iteevala, vajraalu kooda gananeeyamaina niksheepaalaloo kanugonabaddayi. raagi, chromite mariyu nickel niksheepaalu kooda unnaayi, ayithe takkuva parimaanamlo unnaayi. 2006loe kanugonna marange vajraala kshetraalu prapanchamlone atyanta dhanikamainaviga bhaavistaaru.
marchi 2011loe, zimbabwe prabhutvam maining companyla sthaanika yajamanyam avasaramayye chattalanu amalu chesindi; eee vaartalanu anusarinchi, zimbabwelo ganulu unna companyla share dharalalo taggudala kanipinchindi.
zimbabveloni vajraala rangam avineetiki lonaindani vividha engiolu nivedinchaayi; meeru vittina vaatini kose engio november 2012 nivedika vajraala aadaayamlo bhaarii paaradarsakata lopaanni velladinchindi mariyu zimbabwe yokka unnatavargam dhesha vajraala nundi prayojanam pondutondani nokki cheppindi. zimbabwe thana "dopidi chese unnatavargam" tama sonta prayojanam kosam maining companylatho kummakkavakunda aapalsina avasaram undani dakshinaafrikaa maajee adhyakshudu thabo mbeki konni rojula kritam heccharinchina taruvaata idhi jarigindi.
aaa nelaloo, zimbabwe thoorpu vajraala polaala nundi kaneesam 2 billion dollarla viluvaina vajraalu dongilinchabaddaayani, mugabe paalaka varganni, vividha anusandhaana ratnaala vyaapaarulu, nerasthulanu susampannam chesayani anubandha patrikalu nivedinchaayi.
2013 janavarilo zimbabwe khanija egumatulu mottam $1.80 kotlagaa unnaayi.
october 2014 natiki, metalon corporation zimbabwe yokka atipedda bangaaru ganula tavvakam samstha. eee samuuhaanni daani chairman miji khumalo niyantristaaru.
2019loe, desham prapanchamlo 3va atipedda platinum utpattidaarugaa mariyu 6va atipedda lithium utpattidaarugaa undhi. 2017loe desham 23.9 tannula bangaaram utpatti chesindi.
vidya.
zimbabwelo vidya yokka sthithi aardhika vyavastha abhivruddhini prabhaavitam chestundi, ayithe aardhika vyavastha yokka sthithi upaadhyaayula mariyu vidya yokka praapyata mariyu naanhyatanu prabhaavitam chestundi. zimbabwe 90 saataaniki paiga aksharaasyata retutho aafrikaalo atyadhika aksharaasyata raetlaloo okatigaa undhi. ayithe, 2000 nundi vacchina sankshobham, vanarula korata mariyu upaadhyaayulu mariyu nipunula nishkramana (udhaa.zii. vaidyulu, saastravettalu, injaneerlu) itara deshaalaku. alaage, praathamika, madhyamika vibhagalalo kotta paatyaamsaala prarambham okappudu balamaina vidya rangam yokka rashtraanni prabhaavitam chesindi.
zimbabwelo sains und technology.
zimbabwe yokka "rendava vignaana shaastram mariyu saanketika vidhanam" (2012) biotechnology, information und communication technologies (icts), antariksha saastraalu, nanotechnology, swadeshi ghnaana vyavasthalu, inca udbhavinchani saanketikatalu mariyu udbhavistunna paryaavarana savaallaku shaastreeya parishkaralapai drushti saarinchina rangaala vidhaanaalanu udaharinchindi. eee vidhanam jaateeya nanotechnology karyakramanni erpaatu cheyadaaniki nibandhanalanu roopondistundi.
zimbabwe 2005 nundi "jaateeya biotechnology vidhanam" kaligi undhi. paelavamaina moulika sadupayalu mariyu maanava mariyu aardhika vanarulu rendinti korata unnappatikee, biotechnology parisoedhana chaalaa upa-sahara deshaala kante zimbabwelo baga sthaapinchabadindi, idhi pradhanamgaa saampradaaya paddhatulanu upayoginchinappatiki.
rendava vignaana shaastra saanketika vidhanam, parisoedhana mariyu abhivruddhiki kaneesam 1 saatam jidipini ketaayinchadaaniki, vishwavidyaalaya vidyalo kaneesam 60 saatam sains mariyu technologylo naipunhyaalanu pempondinchukovadampai drushti pettadaniki mariyu paatasaala vidyaarthulu tama samayanni kaneesam 30 saatam sains subjectlanu adhyayanam cheyadaaniki ketayinchela chuudataaniki prabhutva nibaddhatanu nokki chebutundi.
charitra.
1997loe zimbabwe aardhika ksheenata spashtamgaa kanipinchadam praarambhinchindi. idhi november 14,1997naa stock market pathanamtho praarambhamaindi. poura samaja samuuhaalu tama hakkula kosam aandolana cheyadam praarambhinchaayi, endukante ivi antarinchipooyaayi. okka 1997lone, 232 sammelu namodu cheyabaddaayi, idhi swaatantryam vacchina tarvaata yea samvatsaraanikainaa atipedda sankhya (2004). 1997 modati ardhabhaagamlo, yuddha anubhavagnulu tamanu taamu nirvahinchukunnaaru mariyu praarambhamlo prabhutvam nirlakshyam chesina pradarsanalu nirvahinchaaru. sammela teevrata peragadamtho, prabhutvam yuddha anubhavagnulaku december 31,1997 natiki okasari viraminchukunna 50,000 dollarla graatyuteeni mariyu janavari 1998 nundi nelawari 2,000 dollarla pensionnu chellinchaalsi vachindi (2004). budget laeni eee kharchu kosam dabbunu sekarinchadaaniki, prabhutvam 'yuddha anubhavagnula' sunkaanni pravesapettadaaniki prayatninchindi, conny vaaru kaarmika shakti nundi chaalaa vyatiraekatanu edurkonnaru mariyu eee baadhyatalanu neraverchadaaniki samarthavantamgaa dabbunu appuga teesukovalasi vachindi. 1997loe zimbabwe dollar bhaarii tarugudala taruvaata, vyavasaya inputla kharchu perigindi, idhi mokkajonna (mokkajonna) utpattidaarula dharanu penchaalani demand chesina utpattidaarula saadhyatanu balaheenaparichindi. millarlu 1998 janavarilo 24 saatam dharalanu penchaaru, daani phalitamgaa mokkajonna dharala perugudala gatha nelaloo desavyaaptamgaa allarlaku daariteesindi. anni praathamika vastuvulapai dharala niyantranalanu pravesapettadam dwara prabhutvam jokyam chesukundi (2004 loe). nirmaanaatmaka sardubaatu kaaryakramaala yokka konni pratikuula prabhavalanu tippikottadaaniki mariyu taggutunna utpatti mariyu choukaina digumati chesukunna utpattula nundi perugutunna pootiitoe badhapaduthunna private rangaanni balopetam cheyadaaniki prayatninchadaaniki aneka jokya charyala chepattabaddaayi. anusarinchina konni atyanta haanikaramaina vidhaanaalu
1980-2000.
swaatantyram vachinappudu vaarshika dravyolbanam 5.4 saatam, nelawari dravyolbanam 0.5 saatamgaa undedi. z $2, z $5, z $10 mariyu z $20 viluvala currencylu vidudala cheyabaddaayi. daadaapu 95 saatam lavadevilu zimbabwe dollarnu upayoginchaayi.
1979 decemberulo lancaster house oppandam taruvaata, 1980 praarambhamlo majority palanaku maaradam, aankshala ettiveta, zimbabwe vaegamgaa aardhika punaruddharananu saadhinchindi. 1980-1981 yokka nijamaina vruddhi 20 saataanni minchipoyindi. ayithe, dhesha khanija egumatulaku videshee demand taggadam, karuvu praarambhamtho 1982,1983,1984 samvatsaraallo vruddhi raetu gananeeyamgaa taggindi. 1985loe vyavasaya utpattilo 30 saatam perugudala kaaranamgaa aardhika vyavastha balamgaa punjukundi. ayithe, idhi 1986loe sunna vruddhi retuku padipoyindi mariyu 1987loe daadaapu 3 saatam pratikuulamgaa namodu chesindi, pradhanamgaa karuvu mariyu desham edurkontunna videshee maaraka dravya sankshobham kaaranamgaa. zimbabwe jidipilu 1980 mariyu 1990 madhya sagatuna 4.5 saatam perigayi.
1992loe prapancha byaanku adhyayanam prakaram 1980 nundi 500kuu paiga aarogya kendraalu nirminchabaddaayi. teekaalu vesina pillala saatam 1980loe 25 saatam nundi 1988loe 67 saataaniki perigindi, ayurdayam 55 nundi 59 samvatsaraalaku perigindi. praathamika vidyanu uchitamgaa chesina oka samvatsaram taruvaata namodu 232 saatam perigindi, mariyu madhyamika paatasaala namodu rendu samvatsaraalalo 33 saatam perigindi. eee saamaajika vidhanalu runa nishpatti perugudalaku daariteestaayi. vaetana antaraalanu tagginche prayatnamlo 1980laloe aneka chattalu aamodinchabaddaayi. ayithe, antaraalu gananeeyamgaa undipoyaayi. 1988loe, chattam kaneesam siddhaantaparamgaa, mahilalaku purushulatho samaanamaina hakkulanu ichindi. gatamlo, vaaru tama tandri ledhaa bhartha anumati lekunda konni vyaktigata karyakramalu matrame cheyagaligevaaru.
1997loe swaatantyra yuddha anubhavagnulaku bonus prakatinchinappudu (idhi gdplo 3 saataaniki samanam) prabhutvam kuppakooladam praarambhinchindi, taruvaata 1998loe rendava kango yuddhamlo zimbabwe prameyam kaaranamgaa oohinchani kharchu jarigindi. 1999loe, desham karuvunu kooda chusindi, idhi aardhika vyavasthanu marinta balaheenaparichindi, chivariki taruvaati dasaabdamloo desham diwala teeyadaaniki daariteesindi. adhe samvatsaram, 1999loe, zimbabwe paaschaatya runadaatalatoe teesukunna runaalatoe paatu daani imf, prapancha byaanku mariyu african abhivruddhi byaanku runaalapai modati egavetanu edurkondi.
2000-2009.
iteevali samvatsaraalalo, zimbabwelo gananeeyamaina aardhika ibbandulu unnaayi. zimbabwe bhuu samskarana karyakramam, nyaayavyavasthalo punaraavruta jokyam, bedirimpu, alaage avaastavika dharala niyantranalu, marakam raetla nirvahana pettubadidaarula vishwaasamlo padunaina ksheenataku daariteesindani aneka paaschaatya deshaalu vaadistunnaayi.
2000 mariyu december 2007 madhya, jaateeya aardhika vyavastha 40 saatam varaku kudinchabadindi; dravyolbanam 66,000% kuu perigindi, mariyu kathinamaina currency, indhanam, aushadham mariyu aaharam yokka nirantara korata undhi. talasari gdp 40 saatam, vyavasaya utpatti 51 saatam, paarisraamika utpatti 47 saatam padipoyayi. 
zimbabwe aardhika ibbandulaku paaschaatya saktulu vidhinchina aankshale kaaranamani mugabe prabhutvam perkondi. adhyakshudu mugabe prabhutvaanni padagotte prayatnamlo zimbabwe prajala aardhika vyavasthanu, paristhitulanu balaheenaparichenduku britton, america, european union vidhinchina aankshalu roopondinchabaddaayi anie vaadinchabadindi. mugabe, athani antargata vruttam, tama yaajamaanyamloni konni companylapai aankshalu vidhinchinatlu tama vaipu unna eee deshaalu vaadistunnaayi. zimbabwe aardhika vyavasthanu anagadokkadaaniki bush santakam chesina "zimbabwe prajaswamyam mariyu 2001 aardhika punaruddharana chattam" anie pilavabade prayatnaanni vimarsakulu suuchistunnaaru. billupai santakam chesina ventane, zimbabweku thana vanarulanu imf nilipivesindi. aardhika samsthalu zimbabweku maddatunu upasamharinchukovadam praarambhinchaayi. aankshala nibandhanalu anni aardhika sahayalu prajaswamyam, maanava hakkula patla gowravam mariyu chatta palanaku maddatugaa roopondinchabaddaayi."zimbabveloni anni prajectulaku european union thana maddatunu nilipivesindi. aankshalu mariyu yuu. ess mariyu iyu videsanga vidhanam kaaranamgaa, zimbabwe yokka runaalu aevee itara deshaalalo vale raddu cheyabadaledu.
zimbabwe prabhutvamtho anubandhinchabadina vyaktulu ledhaa companylapai european union dwara stambhimpajesina aastulu zimbabweku gananeeyamaina aardhika mariyu saamaajika kharchulanu elaa kaliginchayo itara pariseelakulu kooda etthi chuupaaru.
fibravari 2004 natiki, zimbabwe videshee runa chellimpulu aagipoyaayi, phalitamgaa antarjaateeya dravya nidhi (imf) nundi tappanisarigaa nilipiveyabadindi. idhi, mariyu prapancha samajam nundi taginanta viraalaalu lekapovadam valla aikyaraajyasamiti prapancha aahara karyakramam thana aahara sahayanni nilipiveyadam, sthaanika vanarula nundi runaalu teesukoovadaaniki prabhutvaanni balavantam chesindi.
adhika dravyolbanam 2004-2009.
zimbabwe teevramaina videshee maaraka dravya koratanu edurkovadam praarambhinchindi, 2000loe adhikaarika raetu mariyu nalla market raetu madhya vyatyaasam kaaranamgaa teevrataram ayyindi. 2004loe digumatidaarula kosam arudaina videshee currency vaelam vyavastha pravesapettabadindi, idhi tatkalikamga videshee currency sankshobhamlo swalpa taggudalaku daariteesindi, conny 2005 madhya natiki videshee currency korata marosari teevramgaa maarindi. central byaank karenseeni rendusaarlu viluva tagginchindi, modata US $9,000 kuu, aapai 20 juulai 2005 naa US $17,500 kuu, conny aaa teedeeloo adhi nalla marketlo andubaatulo unna retulo sagam matrame anie nivedinchabadindi.
juulai 2005loe zimbabwe 1 billion dollarla atyavasara runaala kosam dakshinaafrikaa prabhutvaaniki vignapti chestunnatlu nivedinchabadindi, ayithe eee aalochana charchinchabadutundani kramam tappakunda pukaarlu vachinappatikee, gananeeyamaina aardhika maddatu bahirangamgaa nivedinchabadaledu.
adhikaarika zimbabwe dollar marakam raetu prati yooki 101,196 dollarla vadda stambhimpajeyabadindi.ess. 2006 prarambham nundi dollar, conny 27 juulai 2006 natiki samaantara (nalla market) raetu prati yooki Z $550,000 kuu cherukundi.ess. dollar. polchi choosthe, 10 samvatsaraala kritam, marakam raetu usdki kevalam 9.13 dollarlu matrame undedi.
2006 augustulo arbized zimbabwe dollarnu 1000 jdablyudi dwara 1 (punaruddharana) dollarku tirigi anchanaa vesindi. adhe samayamlo zimbabwe zim dollar viluvanu usdtho poliste 60 saatam tagginchindi. kotta adhikaarika marakam raetu usdki 250 jdabludy viluvanu tirigi anchanaa vesindi. samaantara market raetu sumaruga prati usdki 1,200 nundi 1,500 varaku (28 september 2006) tirigi anchanaa veyabadindi.
december 1va teedeena marinta viluva taggimpu untundani, adhikaarika marakam raetu prati usdki punarudghaatita jeddabludy 750kii maarutundani november 2006loe prakatinchaaru. idhi ennadoo kaaryaroopam dalchaledu. ayithe, samaantara market ventane eee vaartalapai spandinchindi, samaantara raetu usdki 2,000 jdabluedyki padipoyindi (18 november 2006) mariyu samvatsaram chivari natiki adhi usdki 3,000 jdabluedyki padipoyindi.
2007 april 1naa, samaantara market $1kii $30,000 adugutondi. samvatsaram chivari natiki, idhi sumaru $1kii padipoyindi. 2008 janavari 18naa, zimbabwe reserve byaank adhika viluva kaligina $10 million barer chekkulatho sahaa Zwd barer chekkulanu (gaduvu theedheetho kuudina byaanku notu) jaarii cheyadam praarambhinchindi-veetilo prati okkati modati sanchika samayamlo samaantara marketlo US $1.35 (70p sterling; 0.90 euro) kante takkuva viluva kaligi undhi. 2008 april 4naa zimbabwe reserve byaank kotta $25 millionlu mariyu $50 millionla barer chekkulanu pravesapettindi. modati sanchika samayamlo avi samaantara marketlo varusaga maaku $0.7 mariyu maaku $1.4 viluva kaligi unnaayi.
2008 mae 1naa, konni sharatulaku lobadi dollar viluvalo theeluthuu undataaniki anumatinchabadutundani arbized prakatinchindi.
2008 mae 6naa, arbized kotta $100 millionlu mariyu $250 millionla barer chekkulanu jaarii chesindi. modati jaarii thedhee natiki $250 millionla barer check viluva samaantara marketlo sumaru $130. 2008 mae 15naa, arbized dwara kotta $500 million barer check jaarii cheyabadindi. modati sanchika samayamlo dheeni viluva $1.93. vistrutamgaa nivedinchabadani samaantara charyalo, 15 mae 2008naa, arbized $5 billion (modati sanchika samayamlo-$19.30), $25 billion ($96.50) mariyu $50 billion ($193) mukha viluvalatho moodu "pratyeka vyavasaya chekkulanu" jaarii chesindi. barer chekkulu vanti edainaa vastuvulu mariyu sevalanu konugolu cheyadaaniki kotta vyavasaya chekkulanu upayoginchavacchani kooda nivedinchabadindi.
2008 augustu 1 nundi amaluloki vachhe vidhamgaa, zimbabwe dollar 10 sunnalanu tolaginchadam dwara tirigi naamakaranam cheyabadutundani 2008 juulai 30naa, arbized governor gideon gono prakatinchaaru. tirigi naamakaranam chesina tarvaata jdablyudi10 billion 1 dollar ayindi.
dabbu mudrinchadam konasagistamani gono pratigna chesinappati nundi marinni byaanku notlu jaarii cheyabaddayi $10,000 mariyu $20,000 (29 september); $50,000 (13 october); $100,000, $500,000 mariyu $1 million (3 november); $10 million (2 december); $50 million mariyu $100 million (4 december); $200 million (9 december); $500 million (11 december); $10 billion (19 december); $1 trillion (17 janavari 2009)
2009 april 12naa zimbabwe dollar adhikarikamga raddu kaavadaaniki mundu, fibravari 2,2009naa, 12 sunnalanu taggistuu tudi viluvanu amalu chesaaru. aardhika punaruddharana pendinglo unna zimbabwe kotta karenseeni pravesapettadam kante videshee currencipy aadhaarapadindi.
dollarisation 2009-prastutam.
2009 fibravarilo, kottagaa sthaapinchabadina jaateeya aikyata prabhutvam (mugabe vyatiraekatatoe sahaa) aardhika vyavasthanu uttejaparichenduku, dravyolbanaanni antam cheyadaaniki aardhika vyavastha antataa videshee currency laavaadaeveelanu anumatinchindi. zimbabwe dollar twaragaa anni viswasaneeyatanu kolpoyindi, mariyu 2009 april natiki, zimbabwe dollar puurtigaa nilipiveyabadindi, prabhutva lavadevilalo us dollar dwara bharti cheyabadindi. 2014loe enimidi chattabaddhamaina currencylu unnaayi-us dollar, dakshinaafrikaa raand, botswana pulaa, british pound sterling, australian dollar, chainees yuvan, indian roopayi mariyu japanese yenn.
dollarisation dravyolbanaanni tippikottindi, banking vyavastha sthireekarinchadaaniki mariyu 2009 taruvaata aardhika vyavastha nemmadigaa vruddhini tirigi praarambhinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. dollarisation itara parinaamaalanu kooda kaligi undhi, veetilo
zimbabwe jaateeya praja khaataalo kevalam 217 dollarlu unnayani 2013 janavarilo aardhika mantri tenday biti prakatinchaaru. juulai 2013 adhyaksha ennikalaku ennikala budget 104 million dollarlu mariyu 2013 prabhutva budget 5 saatam anchanaa aardhika vruddhitho 3.09 billion dollarlu. aardhikavetta 2013 ennikalanu "rigg" gaa abhivarninchaaru mariyu prabhutvampai puurti niyantrananu tirigi pondina taruvaata, mugabe prabhutvam poura sevanu rettimpu chesi elaa praarambhinchindi "...durviniyogam mariyu merise avineeti."
aardhika vyavastha dravyolbanaanni edurkontunnappudu gdp vruddhi balaheenapadatamtho alasyam ayina prabhutva ranga jeetaalanu chellinchadaaniki zimbabwe 2014 augustulo treasury billulu mariyu baandlanu vikrayinchadam praarambhinchindi. aaru nelala treasury billula private placementla dwara joolailo 9.5 saatam vaddii retutho 2 million dollarlu vikrayinchabaddaayi. imf dayta prakaram, 2014 chivari natiki gdplo vruddhi 3.1 saatamgaa untundani anchanaa veyabadindi, idhi 2009 mariyu 2012 madhya sagatu raetu 10 saatamgaa undagaa, prabhutva dayta juun chivari natiki varusaga aidu nelalu viniyogadaarula dharalu taggayani choopinchindi. prabhutva adhika budget kharchulaku maddatugaa reserve byaank pedda viluvala treasury billulanu jaarii cheyadam konasaaginchindi. idhi dabbu sarafaraaku todpadindi mariyu us dollar viluva kaliginappatikee, anni byaank balancela viluvanu tagginchindi.
baand notlaku vyatiraekamgaa vistrutamgaa nirasanalu unnappatikee, 2016 novemberlo oka nakilee karenseeni baand notla roopamlo jaarii chesaaru. fibravari 2019loe, zaan mangudya, dravya vidhana pradarsana dwara adhikarikamga kotta karenseeni pravesapettaadu, artgs dollar, indulo byaankulu mariyu mobile vaaletlu, baand notlu mariyu baand naanhelu electronic balancelu untaayi. idhi mottam us dollar viluva kaligina byaanku balancelanu 1:1 retutho viluva taggina zimbabwe currenciega marchadanni puurti chesindi.
kotta jaateeya currency kosam bhaavi pranaalikaloo bhaagamgaa sthaanika lavadevilalo videshee currencyla vadakanni juun 2019loe nishedhinchaaru, tadwara dollarisation kaalam mugisindi. ippatikee us dollarlalo, mukhyamgaa anadhikaarika rangamlo mariyu inn-shop beuro dii chenjnu upayoginchadam dwara takkuva parimaanamlo vaanijyam jarigindi. covid-19 nii edurkovadamlo unna savaallanu nindistuu, marchi 2020loe prabhutvam marosari us dollarlalo adhikaarika laavaadaeveelanu anumatinchindi.
jaateeya aikyata prabhutvam 2009-2013.
pratikuula deerghakaalika aardhika paristhitiki pratispandanagaa moodu parliamentary paarteelu jaateeya aikyatato kuudina prabhutvaaniki angeekarinchaayi. teevramaina antargata vibhedaalu unnappatikee, eee prabhutvam saadhaarana aardhika paristhitini merugupariche konni mukhyamaina nirnayaalu teesukundi, modata 2009 eprillo jaateeya currency zimbabwe dollarnu nilipiveyadam. idhi adhika dravyolbanaanni nilipivesi, us american dollar, dakshinaafrikaa raand, us euro ledhaa botswana pulaa vanti videshee karenseeni upayoginchadam dwara saadhaarana vyapara roopaalanu mallee saadhyam chesindi. maajee aardhika mantri tenday biti (endisi-tii) kramasikshanhatho kuudina budgetnu roopondinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru. 2009loe zimbabwe dasaabdamloo modatisaarigaa aardhika vruddhini namodu chesindi.
jaateeya aikyata yokka prabhutvaanantaramha 2013-prastutam.
2013 saarvatrika ennikalaloo jaanu-pf bhaarii ennikala vijayam taruvaata, patrick chinamasanu aardhika mantrigaa niyaminchaaru. aardhika vyavastha swadesheekarananu prothsahinche vidhanalu vaegamgaa amalu cheyabaddaayi mariyu 51 saatam ledhaa anthakante ekkuva nallajati jimbabveyetara yaajamaanyamloni companylanu nalla zimbabwe prajalaku appaginchaalsina chattalu amalu cheyabaddaayi. aardhika vyavasthalo marinta anischitini srushtinchi, desamlo pettubadi vaataavaranaanni pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitam chesina ghanata dheeniki dakkutundi. zimbabwe aardhika vyavastha swadesheekaranaku sambandhinchina chattam 2007 nundi abhivruddhilo unnappatikee, 2010loe jaanu-pf churukuga praarambhinchinappatikii, eee vidhanam aspashtamgaa undani mariyu "niyantrana dwara mosapurita charya" yokka oka roopamgaa aaropinchabadutondi."prabhutvam poura sevanu rettimpu chesi, aardhikavetta vivarinchina vidhamgaa praarambhinchindi"...durviniyogam mariyu merise avineeti."
2014 eprillo, desham bhaareega appullo undani, desham videshee pratyaksha pettubadulanu baga aakarshinchaalsina avasaram undani chinamasa angeekarinchindi. adhikarikamga zimbabwe runam $7 biliyanlu ledhaa desham yokka gdplo 200% kante ekkuva. ayithe, eee sankhya vivadaspadamga undhi, itara african deshaalu mariyu chainaku runaalu cherchabadina tarvaata, 11 billion dollarla varaku unna ganaamkaalu perkonabaddaayi. jaateeya aikyata prabhutva hayaamlo saapeksha aardhika sthirathvam kaalam taruvaata zimbabwe aardhika vyavastha ksheeninchindani 2014 mae natiki nivedinchabadindi. zimbabwe tayari rangaaniki working capital mariyu parikaraala merugudala kosam sumaru 8 billion dollarla pettubadi avasaramani anchanaa.
2016loe, oka pratipaksha raajakeeyavetta prabhutvam gdplo 12 saatam varaku lotunu naduputondani anchanaa vaesaaru mariyu zimbabwe sthiramaina vaanijya lotu kaaranamgaa paakshikamgaa us dollarla gananeeyamaina koratanu edurkovadam praarambhinchindi. idhi egumatulanu prothsahinchadaaniki mariyu currency koratanu tagginchadaaniki prayatnistuu byaankula nundi nagadu upasamharanalanu parimitam cheyadaaniki mariyu marpidi-niyantrana nibandhanalanu maarchadaaniki zimbabwe prabhutvaanni prerepinchindi. juun mariyu juulai 2016loe, prabhutva udyogulaku vaaraala tarabadi chellinchana taruvaata, paryaatakula nundi dabbunu balavantam cheyadaaniki pooliisulu roadblacklanu erpaatu chesaaru mariyu zimbabwe antataa nirasanalu jarigaayi, aardhika mantri patrick chinamasa pettubadi muuladhanam mariyu runaalanu sekarinche prayatnamlo airopalo paryatinchaaru, "prastutam manaku aemee ledhu" anie angeekarinchaaru."2016 augustulo prabhutvam 25,000 mandhi poura sevakulanu (desamloni 298,000 mandhi poura sevakulalo 8 saatam) tolagistaamani, rayabara karyalayalu, dautya kharchulanu taggistaamani, vaarshika vaetanaalaloo 4 billion dollarlu aadaa chese prayatnamlo mantri kharchulanu taggistaamani, prapancha byaanku, imf nundi sahayam pondutundani prakatinchindi.
adhe samayamlo, zimbabwe umens microphynance byaank limited dwara suukshma aardhika vyavasthaku mahilala praapyatanu meruguparachadaaniki prabhutvam prayatninchindi, idhi 29 mae 2018naa karyakalapalanu praarambhinchindi. eee byaanku mahilaa vyavaharalu, linga mariyu samaja abhivruddhi mantritva saakha paryaveekshanhaloo panichestundi.
zimbabwe dollarnu tirigi sweekarinchadam.
kotta zimbabwe dollarnu sweekarinchi, videshee currency vadakanni nishedhinchina taruvaata 2019 juulai madhyalo dravyolbanam 175% kuu perigindi, tadwara desham adhika dravyolbana kotta kaalamloki pravesistondani taja aandolanalanu rekettinchindi. zimbabwe prabhutvam 2019 augustulo dravyolbana daetaanu vidudala cheyadam maanesindi. 2019 decemberlo dravyolbana raetu samvatsaraaniki idi1gaa undhi, ayithe zimbabwe central byaank adhikarulu 2020 fibravarilo 2020 december chivari natiki eee sankhyanu 50 saataaniki tagginchaalani aasistunnatlu chepparu.