
all-qutbe

all-qutba () uttara arabia devudu. eee paeru antey, sthuulamgaa, "lekhakudu"; idhi semitic muulam "k-t-b" nundi vachindi, dheeni ardham 'vrayadam ".'jordanloni jabal rumm adugubhaagamlo oka chekkadam, 1959loe zhe. struggel, all-kutbeku ankitam cheyabadindi. petra pradhana neeti buggaku velle maargamlo vaadi ess siag looni maroka saasanamlo "kutbe mundu, idhe devudu" anae padabandhaanni kaligi undhi."arabia chuttoo unna itara pradaesaalaloo aayanaku ankitam chesina saasanaalu unnaayi.
all-ujjaatho paatu vaadi ramlo 'qutba' oka beetilgaa suuchimchabadutumdi. eee devuni lingam vivadaspadamga undhi. k-t-b" ledhaa "vrayadam" anae muula padam nundi udbhavinchina devuni paeru kaaranamgaa, "qutba" anedi rachanatho sahaa telivitaetalaku devudu anie bhaavistaaru.
nabatianlu mariyu itara vaanijya arab tegalu all-kutbe aaraadhananu jordanloni petra nundi eejiptuku teesukuvacchaayi. eejiptu shaililo nirminchina khasr ghait vadda devuniki oka aalayam kanugonabadindi. eee aalayamloni balipeetam-punaadi, nabatian ankitabhaavamtho chekkabadindihi "geram kumarudu haviru nundi all-kutbe varaku."
hellenistic yugamlo, all-kutbe herms mariyu paadarasam thoo mudipadi undedi. eee heermes association tappugaa ardham ayi undavacchu, endukante all-kutbe yokka rachana yokka deevudigaa unna vyatyaasaanni heermes trismegistusto polchavachhu, anduvalla heermes association.