
bhoomipai teevratalu

eee vyaasam bhougolika recordulanu kaligi unna ledhaa vaati bhougolika bhouthika ledhaa vaataavarana shreshtatalaku prasiddhi chendina bhoomipai teevra pradaesaalanu jabita chestundi. eee pradaesaalannii bhuu-vyaapta teevratalu; vyaktigata khandaalu ledhaa deshaala teevratalu jabita cheyabadaledu.
akshaamsam mariyu rekhaamsam.
podavaina grid linelu.
edainaa geodesic.
ivi bhoomi uparitalampai edainaa rendu binduvula madhya geeyagala podavaina sarala rekhalu mariyu bhoomi ledhaa neetipai pratyaekamgaa untaayi; binduvulu oke akshaamsam ledhaa rekhaamsam rekhapai undavalasina avasaram ledhu.
edainaa vyaasam (bhoomi yokka kendram gundaa vellae sarala rekha).
bhoomi yokka golaakaara uparitalampai pradarsinchinappudu matrame neerugaa kanipinche geodesic rekhalaku bhinnamgaa untundi (i.ii. goppa vruttaala chapalu), bhoomi yokka kendram gundaa vellae sarala rekhalanu bhoomi yokka uparitalampai daadaapu rendu paayintla madhya bhoomi lopali bhaagam gundaa nirminchavacchu (konni teevramaina sthalaakruthi paristhitulu, atigaa velaadutunna sikharaalu arudaina minahaayimpulu). ekuvadar looni kayambe sikharam nundi (atyadhika binduvulanu chudandi) bhoomi yokka aksha kendram gundaa sumatra dveepamlooni daani antipod varaku anchanaa veyabadina rekha phalitamgaa bhoomi gundaa ekkadainaa utpatti cheyagala podavaina vyaasam untundi. bhoomi yokka charaparimanam chuttukolata sameepistunna koddi, atuvanti garishta "vyaasam" ledhaa "antipodal" rekha podavaina kramamlo untundi.
maanavulu mariyu jeeva bhougolikam.
bhoogola ushnamandala praantaalu vanti atyadhika saandrata kaligina pradaesaalaku viruddhamgaa, mariyu sthaanika teevramaina paristhithulatho paatu, ivi extremophiles dwara matrame adhigaminchabadataayi, chaalaa takkuva jeevita parimaanaalu unna praantaalu unnaayi.
antarcitic edaari yokka mcmurdo podi loyalu mariyu daani daan juvan cheruvu vanti bhusambandhamaina nirjeeva praantaala pakkana, adhyayanam chesina samudramlo atyanta nirjeeva praantam (marinta saadhaarana ded jonelu kakunda) dakshina pasiphik gair, idhi samudra dhruvaniki anugunamgaa untundi.
praapyata laeni samudra dhruvam kooda maanava janabha kendram yokka antipodal praantam, idhi nedu dakshina madhya asea chuttoo undhi. adevidhamgaa prapancha aardhika gurutvakarshana kendram puraatana kaalam nundi madhya asea nundi uttara airopaku mariyu samakalinamga tirigi madhya asiaku mallutondi. prapancha carbon udgaaraaniki sambandhinchina gurutvakarshana kendram paarisraamika viplavam samayamlo britton nundi atlaantikku, tirigi mariyu samakalinamga madhya asiaku maarindi.
dhooram.
cherukoleni stambhaalu.
prati khandaniki daani swantha khandantara dhruvam undhi, idhi yea mahasamudram nundi ayina atyanta dhooramlo unna khandamloni pradaesamgaa nirvachinchabadindi. adevidhamgaa, prati mahaasamudraaniki daani swantha samudra dhruvam undhi, idhi yea bhoomiki ayina dhooramgaa unna samudramlo unna pradaesamgaa nirvachinchabadindi.
atyanta suduura nagaralu.
vaati madhya atyadhika dhooram (antipods) unna nagaraala jantalu (100,000 kante ekkuva janabha kaligina):
vaati madhya atyadhika dhooram unna schedule chesina vimaanaalato kuudina vimaanaasrayaala jatha sultan mahammad badaruddin II antarjaateeya vimaanasrayamgaa kolustaaru, idhi palembang, indonesia mariyu benito salas vimaanaasrayaaniki sevalu andistundi, idhi 10,819 natical maillu (20,037 kimmy) dhooramlo unna neevaa, kolambiyaaku sevalu andistundi.
kendram.
bhoomi oka golakaramga unnanduna, daani kendram (core) daani crust krinda vaela kilometres dhooramlo undhi. ayinappatikee, bhoomi yokka uparitalampai vividha "kendra binduvulanu" nirvachinche prayatnaalu jarigaayi.
bhougolika bhouthika teevratalu.
lothaina manchu.
manchu palakalu bhoomipai untaayi, conny samudra mattam kante diguvana untaayi. manchu kinda unna pradaesaalu bhoomipai unnatlu pariganinchabadavu.
vaataavaranaparamaina teevratalu.
bhoomi ushnogratalu.
neerugaa bhoomipai koliche ushnogratalu gaali ushnogratanu 30 nundi 50 masim minchipovachhu. sudan naukaasrayamloo 84 masim (183.2 efo) bhuu ushnograta namodu cheyabadindi. 1972 juulai 15naa united statesloni californialoni deth vyaaliilooni furnace creaklo 93.9 masim (201 efo) bhuu ushnograta namodaindi; idhi ippativaraku namodu cheyabadina atyadhika sahaja bhuu uparitala ushnograta kaavacchu. takkuva ushna vaahakata kaligina podi, cheekati neelalaku saadhyamayye saiddhaantika garishta bhuu uparitala ushnograta 90 mariyu 100 masim madhya untundani anchanaa veyabadindi.
2003 mariyu 2009 madhya teesukunna bhoomi ushnograta yokka upagraha kolatalu, akwa upagrahamloni modies infrared spectroradiometer thoo teesukunna, garishta ushnograta 70.7 masim (159.3 efo) nuu kanugonnayi, idhi 2005loe iraanlooni lutt edaarilo namodu cheyabadindi. lute edaari kooda 7 samvatsaraalalo 5 samvatsaraalalo (2004,2005,2006,2007 mariyu 2009) atyadhika garishta ushnogratanu kaligi unnatlu kanugonabadindi. eee kolatalu pedda praantamloo sagatulanu pratibimbistaayi mariyu garishta uparitala ushnograta kante takkuvagaa untaayi.
1982 mariyu 2013 madhya teesukunna antarcitica uparitala ushnograta yokka upagraha kolatalu, 2010 augustu 10naa −93.2 masim (−136 efo) atyanta sheetala ushnogratanu kanugonnayi. idhi gaali ushnogratato polchadaginadi kaanappatikee, eee pradaesamloe gaali ushnograta adhikaarika rikaardu atyalpa gaali ushnograta − 89.2 masim kante takkuvagaa undedani nammutaaru.

