plaastik sanchulapai nishedham

plaastik sanchula nishedham ledhaa chaarjee anedi retail samsthalalo telikapati plaastik sanchula vadakanni parimitam chese chattam. 21va sataabdam praarambhamlo, telikapati plaastik sanchulanu dasalavaareegaa tolaginche disagaa prapancha dhorani undhi. saadhaaranamgaa takkuva saandrata kaligina polyethylene (ldpe) plaastiktoe tayaaru cheyabadina yeka-viniyoga plaastik shopping sanchulu, saampradayakamgaa vastuvulanu konugolu chesetappudu dukaanaala dwara viniyogadaarulaku uchitamgaa ivvabadutunnaayih sanchulu chaalaa kaalamgaa soukaryavantamaina, choukaina mariyu parisubhramaina vastuvula ravana maargamgaa pariganhinchabadutunnaayi. plaastik sanchulatho sambandham unna samasyalalo punarutpaadaka vanarulanu (mudi chamuru, gyaas mariyu boggu vantivi) upayoginchadam, paaraveyadam samayamlo ibbandulu mariyu paryaavarana prabhavalu unnaayi. telikapati plaastik sanchula taggimputoe paatu, dukaanaalu punarviniyoga shopping sanchulanu pravesapettaayi.
vividha prabhutvaalu telikapati sanchula ammakalanu nishedhinchaayi, telikapati sanchula kosam viniyogadaarulanu vasoolu chesaayi ledhaa vaatini vikrayinche dukaanaala nundi pannulanu vasoolu chesaayi. australialo bangladesh prabhutvam telikapati plaastik sanchulapai puurti nishedham vidhinchi, alaa chesina modatidi. 2010 mariyu 2019 madhya, plaastik sanchulanu dasalavaareegaa tolaginchadaaniki uddesinchina praja vidhaanaala sankhya moodu retlu perigindi. 2022 natiki, 99 deshaalalo ituvanti nishedhaalu pravesapettabaddaayi, vividha sthaayilalo amalu cheyabaddaayi, mariyu 32 deshaalu badulugaa prati sanchiki chaarjeeni vidhinchaayi. upa-jaateeya sthaayilo konni adhikara paridhulu kooda nishedhaalu mariyu abhiyogaalanu amalu chesaayi.
samasyalu.
plaastik sanchulu aneka chinna mariyu pradhana paryaavarana mariyu paryaavarana samasyalaku kaaranamavutaayi. plaastik sanchulatho atyanta saadhaarana samasya utpatti ayye vyardhaala parimaanam. aneka plaastik sanchulu veedhullo padi, taruvaata pradhana neeti vanarulu, nadulu, pravahalanu kalushitam chestaayi. 
sarigga paaraveyabadinappatiki, avi kullipoyi vichchinnam kaavadaaniki chaalaa samvatsaraalu padutundi, deerghakaalamlo pedda mottamlo chettanu utpatti chestaayi. sarigga paaraveyabadani sanchulu kalushitamaina jalamargalu, muusukupooyina muruguneeti kaaluvalu mariyu samudraalalo kanugonabaddayi, ivi samudra jeevula paryaavarana vyavasthanu prabhaavitam chestaayi. prati samvatsaram bhaarii mottamlo plaastik vyardhaalu mahasamudralalo kalustaayi, idhi samudra jaatulaku muppu kaligistundi mariyu samudra aahara golusuku antaraayam kaligistundi. aneka suukshmajeevula jaatulu plaastik kanaalapai nivasinchi vaati haanikaratanu penchutaayi, mariyu gaalula dwara nadiche plaastik kanaalu mahaasamudraala yokka vividha praantaalalo chettha paachesnu yerparustaayi. 2050 natiki deshaalu tama jeevita chakraala antataa samarthavanthamaina plaastik utpatti, upayogam mariyu vyardhaala nirvahananu prothsahinchadaaniki atyavasara charyalanu teesukuraakapothe mahasamudralalo chepala kante ekkuva plaastiklu untaayani un anchanaa vesindi.
plaastik sanchulu global warmingku dohadam chestayani kanugonabadindi. paaraveyabadina taruvaata, sthiramaina suuryarashmiki gurainatlayite, atuvanti plaastik uparitalam gananeeyamaina mottamlo rendu greenhouse vaayuvulanu utpatti chestundi-methane mariyu ethylene. inca, daani takkuva saandrata/adhika kommala lakshanaala kaaranamgaa, itara plaastiklatoe poliste idhi kalakramena marinta sulabhamgaa vichchinnamavutundi, idhi adhika bahirgata uparitala praantaalaku daariteestundi mariyu vaayuvula vidudalanu vegavantam chestundi. virgine plaastikla nundi eee trace vaayuvula utpatti uparitala vaisaalyam/samayamtho vipareetamgaa perugutundi, tadwara itara plaastiklatoe poliste ldpe marinta nilakadaleni retutho greenhouse vaayuvulanu vidudala chestundi. 212 rojula podige prakriya mugimpulo, 5.8 nmol nmol methane, 14.5 nmol nmol ethylene, 3.9 nmol nmol eethaen mariyu 9.7 nmol nmol propylene udgaaraalu namodu cheyabaddaayi.
vanyapraanulaku rendu pradhana rakaala pratyaksha nashtam chikkukovadam mariyu teesukovadam. jantuvulu chikkukupoyi munigipovacchu. plaastik sanchulanu tarachugaa aaharam nundi vaeru cheyaleni jantuvulu teesukuntaayi. phalitamgaa, avi tama pregulanu muusukupoetaayi, dheeni phalitamgaa aakali kaaranamgaa maranaaniki daariteestundi. plaastik sanchulu kaaluvalanu addukuntayi, pakshulanu bandhistaayi mariyu pasuvulanu champutayi. plaastik sanchulanu tinadam ledhaa chikkukovadam valla prati samvatsaram 100,000 timingalaalu, mudralu mariyu taabellu maranistunnayani prakruti kosam prapanchavyaapta nidhi anchanaa vesindi. bhaaratadesamlo, plaastik sanchulanu teesukovadam mariyu sanchulatho vaati jeerna vyavasthalu moosukupovadam valla rojuku 20 aavulu maranistunnayani anchanaa. africa antataa muruguneeti kaaluvalu mariyu kaaluvala vyavasthalu sanchulatho moosukupovadam chaalaa saadhaaranam, idhi varada muruguneeti kaaluvalalo nivasinche domala janabha peragadam valla malaria yokka teevramaina kesulaku kaaranamavutundi. paryaavaranampai paaraveyabadina plaastik sanchula sthaanika mariyu prapancha prabhavalanu vivarinchadaaniki chainaalo "tella kalushyam" anae padaanni roopondinchaaru.
telikapati plaastik sanchulanu kooda chetlu mariyu itara mokkalapai eguravestaaru mariyu vaatini aaharamgaa porapaatu cheyavachu. plaastik sanchulu polymer ksheenata dwara vichchinnamavutaayi, conny jeevaadhokaranam dwara kaadu. phalitamgaa, manta nirodhakaalu, antimicrobials mariyu plasticiserlatho sahaa vaatilo unde edainaa vishapuurita sankalanaalu paryaavaranamloki vidudala cheyabadataayi. aaa vishapadaardhaalalo chaalaa varaku sariiramlooni daadaapu prati kanaanni niyantrinche jeevula endocrine vyavasthalanu neerugaa prabhaavitam chestaayi. oka plaastik sanchi yokka sagatu kaaryaacharana "jeevitakaalam" sumaru 20 samvatsaraalu untundani parisoedhanalu chuupistunnaayi.
pasiphik mahasamudramlo padesina plaastik sanchulu goppa pasiphik chettha paach loe mugustaayi. plaastik vyardhaalalo 80 saatam bhoomi nundi vastundi, migilinavi chamuru platformlu mariyu naukala nundi vastaayi. dheenini samudra jantuvulu tinavacchu mariyu vaati swaasa maargaalanu mariyu jeerna vyavasthalanu addukovachhu. plaastik sanchulu goppa pasiphik chettha paachnu jodinchadame kakunda, vaatini prapanchavyaaptamgaa odduku kadagavacchu.
paddhatulu.
telikapati plaastik sanchulanu dasalavaareegaa tolaginchadaaniki rendu atyanta prachuryam pondina paddhatulu chaarjeelu mariyu nishedhaalu. chaarj vyuuham plaastik sanchula nishedham vale plaastik sanchula taggimpuku oke vidhamaina phalitaalanu kaligi undani, kotta aadaaya vanarunu srushtinchadam valla adanapu prayojanam untundani chebutaaru. plaastik byaag chaarj paddhati viniyogadaarula empikanu kooda rakshistundi, idhi nishedham kaadu.
plaastik sanchula recycling anedi dasalavaareegaa tolaginche maroka paddhati kaavacchu. ayithe, kevalam 5 saatam plaastik sanchulu matrame recycling soukaryaalaku andubaatulo unnaayi. sanchulanu recycling soukaryaalaku teesukuvacchinappudu kooda, avi tarachugaa eee dabbaalu ledhaa recycling truckula nundi bayataku egurutaayi mariyu veedhullo chettagaa marutayi. recyclingtho maroe samasya emitante, vividha sanchulu vibhinnamaina inca soundaryaparamgaa saaruupya rakaala plaastikla nundi tayaaru cheyabadataayi. sanchulanu bioplastics ledhaa biodegradable plaastiklatoe tayaaru cheyavachu, mariyu anukokunda compostlo kalipithe, bioplastics biodegradable compostingnu kalushitam cheyavachu. eee sanchulu itara rakaala plaastiktoe kalipinappudu recycling parikaraalanu kooda jaam cheyagalavu, veetini marammatu cheyadam khareedainadi kaavacchu. udaaharanaku, californialoni shaan joselo marammatula kharchulu samvatsaraaniki sumaru $1 miliyanlugaa unnaayi.
prabhavam.
american economic journal economic palasi" loe 2018 adhyayanam prakaram, punarviniyogaparachaleni sanchulapai aidu saatam pannu vidhinchadam valla punarviniyogaparachaleni sanchula vadakam 40 saatam paayintlu taggindi. prastuta adhyayanala 2019 sameeksha prakaram, sunkaalu mariyu pannulu denmarklo 66 saatam, irelandlo 90 saataaniki paiga, dakshinaafrikaa, belgium, hankong, washington dii. loe 74 nundi 90 saatam madhya viniyogamlo taggudalaku daariteesaayi.sii.shanta barbara, yuke mariyu portugal, mariyu botswana mariyu chainaalo daadaapu 50 saatam.
journal off environmental economics und management" loe 2019 adhyayanam prakaram, californialo plaastik carriavut sanchulapai nishedham amalu cheyadam valla plaastik kairiavut sanchulanu tolaginchadam dwara 40 million poundla plaastik taggimpuku daariteesindani, ayithe california vaasulu chettha sanchula konugolla dwara 12 million poundla plaastiknu konugolu chesaarani kanugonnaru. nishedham amaluku mundu 12 saatam nundi 22 saatam plaastik sanchulanu chettha sanchulugaa tirigi upayoginchaarani adhyayanam choopinchindi.
vimarsha.
plaastik sanchula nishedham plaastik sanchulalo pedda nalla marketlaku daariteestundi. plaastik sanchula nishedham prajalanu sannani plaastik sanchulanu upayoginchakundaa maarchagaladani adhyayanalu chuupistunnaayi, ayithe ivi uchitamgaa andinche praantaallo aniyantrita single yooj paper sanchulu ledhaa aniyantrita mandapati plaastik sanchula vadakanni kooda penchavacchu. inca, eee nishedhaalu chettha sanchula ammakaalalo gananeeyamaina perugudalanu kaligistaayi, endukante prajalu tama paatha kirana sanchulanu chinna chettha dabbalanu amarchadam vanti vishayaala kosam tirigi upayoginchaleru..
konni plaastik kaani sanchula utpatti (udhaa.zii. kaagitam, patthi, 50 micronla mandam kaligina plaastik vanti virgine plaastiknu upayoginchadam) plaastik sanchula kante ekkuva greenhouse vaayu udgaaraalanu utpatti chestundi, antey plaastik sanchula nishedham taruvaata greenhouse vaayu udgaaraalu nikaramgaa peragavacchu. plaastik sanchula kante plaastik sanchulanu marinta paryaavarana anukuulamgaa cheyadaaniki pratyaamnaayaalanu vanda saarlu tirigi upayoginchaalsi untundi. avi plaastik kante takkuva parisubhratatoe kuudukunnavigaa kooda pariganinchabadataayi, endukante avi dukaanam velupala nundi carts mariyu check avt standla vanti adhika sparsha parimaana uparitalaalaku suukshmakrimulanu teesukuraagalavu.
prapanchavyaaptamgaa chattalu.
africa.
kenya.
paryaavaranaanni parirakshinche maargamgaa kenya 2007 mariyu vidhinchindi plaastik sanchula tayari mariyu digumatini nishedhinchadaaniki modati prayatnam chesindi. tayaareedaarulu mariyu retail avutletlu itara padaarthaalanu upayoginche kharchunu viniyogadaarulaku badilee chestayani bedirinchina taruvaata 30 micronla kante takkuva plaastiknu lakshyamgaa chesukunna 2007 mariyu 2011 nishedham viphalamaindi. untaayi) paryaavaranam mariyu sahaja vanarula cabinet karyadarshi professor judy vakhungu gazit notice sankhya 2356 kinda vaanijya mariyu gruha packaging kosam upayoginche anni plaastik sanchula vadakam, tayari mariyu digumatini nishedhinchaaru. 28 augustu 2017naa, kenya desavyaaptamgaa okasari upayoginche plaastik sanchula nishedhaanni amalu cheyadam praarambhinchindi. praathamika packaging sanchulu, aasupatri vyardha sanchulu mariyu chettha binn linerlanu nishedham nundi minahaayinchaaru. eee nishedham prapanchamlone atyanta kathinamaina vaatilo okatigaa prasamsimchabadimdi, $40,000 varaku jarimana ledhaa naalugu samvatsaraala jailu siksha vidhinchabadindi.
november adhyakshudu uhuru kenyatta, prapancha paryaavarana dinotsavam sandarbhamgaa, plaastik kaalushyampai pooraadataaniki mariyu rakshita sahaja praantaalalo okasari upayoginche plaastiklanu nishedhinchadam dwara vyardhaala sthiramaina nirvahanalo kenya prayatnaalanu marinta patishtam chesaaru. 2020 juun 5va thedhee nundi amalloki vacchina eee nishedham jaateeya udyaanavanaalu, beachlu, adavulu mariyu parirakshana praantaalalo plaastik vadakanni nishedhistundi.
nigeria.
2019 maeloe nigeria pratinidhula sabha desamlo plaastik sanchula utpatti, digumati mariyu viniyogaanni nishedhinchindi.
ravanda.
ravanda yokka plaastik sanchula nishedham nishedham amalloki vachindi. ravanda prabhutvam 2011 nundi tama praantamlooni itara deshaalanu kooda plaastik sanchulanu nishedhinchamani prothsahinchindi.
somalia.
prabhutvam prajalaku vaari nilvalanu vadilinchukovadaaniki icchina 120 rojula grays period taruvaata 2005 marchi 1naa sweeya-prakatita republic off somalilandlo plaastik sanchulanu nishedhinchaaru. vaanijya, parisramala mantritva saakha "desamlo plaastik sanchula digumati, utpatti, vadakanni nishedhinchadam" anae sheershikato oka decreelo cabinet nirnayaanni prakatinchindi. aaa sanchulaku "hargisa puvvu" anae maaruperu pettaru, endukante vaatilo chaalaa varaku egiripoyi chetlu mariyu podalalo chikkukupoyi, pasuvulaku pramaadaanni kaligistaayi, endukante akulanu tine jantuvulu tarachugaa pramaadavasaattu sanchulanu tintaayi. nivedinchabadindi rashtrapati decree nem. #jsl m/xerm/249-3178/042015, stacklanu vadilinchukovadaaniki mallee 120 rojula grays period andistundi. nishedham amalunu nirdhaarinchadaaniki, prabhutvam chebutaaru pratyeka karyakalapalanu nirvahinchadaaniki amalu brundaalanu erpaatu chesindi, ivi vyapara dukaanaalapai parisoedhanalu praarambhistaayi. pradhana marketlu mariyu shopping malls loki unifamlo kaneesam 1000 mandhi purushulu mariyu mahilalu moharinchabaddaaru. desamlo plaastik sanchulanu vikrayinchadam konasaginche ullanghanadaarulapai prabhutvam jarimana vidhinchindi.
dakshinaafrikaa.
upayoginchabaddaayi byaag leveeni pravesapettadaaniki mundu dakshinaafrikaalo plaastik sanchulu pradhana aandolanagaa undevi. sanchulanu eppuduu nishedhinchaledu, conny plaastik byaag tayaareedaaru chellinchavalasina leveeni pravesapettaaru. mandapati plaastik sanchulu vidhinchabadataayi mariyu eee charya praarambhamlo viniyogadaarulalo agrahanni kaliginchinappatikii, praarambhamlo parimaanamlo ksheenata unnappatikee, viniyogadaarula viniyogam prati samvatsaram aneka billionla plaastik shopping sanchulaku nirantaram perigindi.
tanzania.
tanzania janjibar viplavaatmaka prabhutvam plaastik sanchulanu nishedhinchindi. tanzania romenia plaastik sanchulapai desavyaaptamgaa nishedhaanni amalu chese pranaalikalanu pravesapettindi. ayithe, daani dhruvikarana padeellaku paiga alasyam cheyabadindi. eee nishedham chivaraku 2019 juun 1naa amalloki vachindi.
tunisia.
tunisia 1 marchi 2017 nundi supermarketlalo plaastik sanchula pampineepai nishedhaanni pravesapettindi. plaastik sanchula viniyogaanni tagginche lakshyamtho modati dasha prakriyanu amalu cheyadaaniki sthaanika vyavaharalu mariyu paryaavarana mantritva saakha mariyu desamloni pedda suupar market golusula madhya oka oppandam kudirindi. tunitia kaaryakartalu desamlo pacchani vidhaanaalanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki avagahana prachaaraalanu plaan chestunnaru.
uganda.
30 micrometers mandam kante takkuva baruvunna plaastik sanchula ammakalanu nishedhinchadaaniki, pannu mandamgaa unde sanchulanu 120% sikshaatmaka retutho nishedhinchadaaniki biliyanlaku uganda chattanni pravesapettindi. aaa samvatsaram septemberlo chattalu amalloki vachinappatikee, avi amalu cheyabadaledu mariyu plaastik sanchula vadakanni kolavadamlo viphalamayyayi. chattam sarigga amalu kaaledu.
asea.
bangladesh.
1988 mariyu 1998 madhya desamlo moodinta rendu vantula plaastik sanchulu neetilo munigipoyina taruvaata australialo bangladeshlo kathinamaina nishedham pravesapettabadindi. plaastik sanchulu muruguneeti vyavastha mariyu jalamaargaalaku pedda samasyaga migilipoyayi.
kambodia.
kambodia 2017 octoberulo plaastik sanchi pannu vidhinche chattanni aamodinchindi. suupar marketlu ippudu viniyogadaarulaku plaastik sanchi avasaramaite prati plaastik sanchi 400 reelanu (10 us sentlu) vasoolu chestaayi.
chaina.
athi sannani plaastik sanchulapai puurti plaastik sanchula nishedham mariyu plaastik sanchulapai rusumu 2008 juun 1naa chainaalo pravesapettabadindi. muruguneeti paarudala mariyu saadhaarana vyardhaala samasyala kaaranamgaa idhi amaluloki vachindi. prakatinchindi nirvahinchina oka survey prakaram, chaina suupar marketlalo plaastik sanchula vadakam 60 nundi 80 saatam madhya padipoyindi, 40 billionla sanchulu takkuvagaa upayoginchabaddaayi. ayithe, nishedham parimita vijayanni saadhinchindi, plaastik sanchula vadakam prabalamgaa undani pratyaksha vruttaamtaalu spashtamgaa suuchistunnaayi. chainaalo retaillo gananeeyamaina bhaganni kaligi unna veedhi vikretalu mariyu chinna dukaanaalu, nishedhaanni amalu cheyadamlo ibbandulu unnanduna kontavaraku eee vidhaanaaniki kattubadi undavu.
tella kalushyam" (, takkuva tarachugaa "tellani chettha") anae padam chainaku mariyu taruvaata dakshina asiaku sthaanikamgaa unnatlu kanipistundi, eee praantam velupala chaalaa takkuva upayogam mariyu gurtimpunu aasvaadistundi. idhi 1990la madhya nundi chivari varaku vyavasaya polaalu, prakruti drushyam mariyu jalamargalalo kanipinche parimaanamlo kanipinchadam praarambhinchina tellani plaastik shopping sanchulu, styrophome containerlu mariyu itara laetha rangu padaarthaala rangunu suuchistumdi. tella kalushyam" anae padaaniki sambandhinchina modati suuchanalu kaneesam 1999 lone adhikaarika bhaashalo kanipistaayi, appudu rashtra mandali modati nishedhaalanu vidhinchindi.
hankong.
hankong chillara vyaapaarulu plaastik sanchulanu oka nirdishta mandam kinda mariyu uchitamgaa ivvadaanni nishedhistundi. 2015 april 1naa hankong antataa 50 saatam plaastik byaag levy amalu cheyabadindi. pannu vidhimpu pravesapettina tarvaata plaastik sanchula vadakam 90 saatam taggindi. hankong naatakeeya retutho plaastik sanchula vadakanni dasalavaareegaa nilipivestunnatlu sankethaalu chuupistunnaayi.
bharatadesam.
australialo, purapalaka paarudala vyavasthalu plaastik sanchulanu addukokunda nirodhinchadaaniki mariyu bharatadesamloni aavulu aaharam kosam gandaragolaniki gurichestunnanduna plaastik sanchulanu tinakunda nirodhinchadaaniki 20 micrometers kante takkuva mandam gala plaastik sanchula utpattini bharatadesam nishedhinchindi. ayithe, amalu anedi oka samasyagaane migilipoyindi.
paryaavarana, atavee mariyu vaataavarana maarpula mantritva saakha kooda 2016 marchi 18naa 50 micronla kante takkuva unna anni polyethene sanchulanu nishedhinchadaaniki niyantrananu aamodinchindi. eee niyantrananu sarigaa amalu cheyakapovadam valla, praantiiya adhikarulu (rashtraalu mariyu munisipal corporations) tama sonta niyantrananu amalu cheyalsi vachindi.
chebutaaru, bharatadesapu mottamodati puurtigaa sendriya raashtramaina sikkim, yea prabhutva samavesalu ledhaa karyakramalalo packagy chesina taguneeti seesaala vadakanni matrame kakunda, rashtravyaaptamgaa polystyrene nurugutho tayaaru chesina aahara kantainarlanu kooda nishedhinchindi.
30 micronla kante takkuva plaastik sanchulanu nishedhinchina modati rashtram himachal pradesh. plaastik suukshma puusalanu upayoginche thermacol mariyu plaastiktoe tayaaru chesina paina perkonna vastuvulatoe sahaa mandamtho sambandham lekunda daining tablespy vyaapti cheyadaaniki anni rakaala plaastik sanchulu, plaastik bannerlu, plaastik buntings, flex, plaastik jendaalu, plaastik plaetlu, plaastik kappulu, plaastik spoonlu, cling films mariyu plaastik sheetlanu nishedhinchina modati rashtramgaa karnataka rashtram nilichindi.
gova rashtram 40 micrometers mandam varaku sanchulanu nishedhinchagaa, mumbai nagaram 50 micrometers kaneesa mandam kante takkuva mandam unna sanchulanu nishedhinchindi.
maharashtra rashtra prabhutvam 2018 juun 23 nundi plaastiknu nishedhinchindi. tamilanadu rashtra prabhutvam kooda 2019 janavari 1 nundi plaastiknu nishedhinchindi.
indonesia.
2016 nundi, paryaavarana mantritva saakha dveepasamuuhamlooni 23 nagaraalloni (minee-marketlu, hypermarketlu mariyu suupar marketlu) retailarlu prati plaastik sanchiki, adhokaranam chendhe plaastik sanchulatho sahaa viniyogadaarulaku rp.200 mariyu RP5,000 madhya vasoolu cheyamani aadesinchindi. pannu dwara sekarinchina dabbunu prabhutvetara samsthalatho paatu vyardhaala nirvahana kosam praja nidhulugaa upayogistaaru.
baali dveepam juulai 2019 nundi amaluloki vacchina single yooj plaastik sanchulu, stralu mariyu styrophomlanu nishedhinchindi. jakarta, surabaya, bandung, semarang mariyu bogger vanti itara pradhana nagaralu kooda single yooj plaastik sanchulanu nishedhinchaayi.
izrael.
janavari 2017 nundi, pedda retailarlu handles unna plaastik sanchula kosam viniyogadaarulaku prati sanchiki 0.10 choppuna chaarjeelu vasoolu cheyalsi untundi. pannu aadaayaanni praja vyardhaala nirvahana kaaryakramaalaku nidhulu samakuurchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi. idhi ijrayello sagatu plaastik sanchula vadakam samvatsaraaniki prati vyaktiki vyaktiki undhi. chattam amalloki vacchina naalugu nelala taruvaata, chattaniki lobadi retailarlu pampinhee chese punarviniyogaparachaleni plaastik sanchula sankhya 80 saatam taggindi.
phillippeans.
18 samvatsaraala kritam amaluloki vacchina vyardhaala nirvahana chattam unnappatikee phillippeans prapanchamlone moodava atipedda samudra kalushya karakam. plaastiklanu niyantrinche prayatnaalu avineeti, raajakeeya sankalpam lekapovadam, yeka-viniyoga plaastik utpattula vistarana mariyu vistruta praapyata kaaranamgaa debbatinnaayi.
debbatinnaayi, muntinlupa dhesha rajadhani praantamloo dukaanaalaloo plaastik sanchulu mariyu styrophomlanu nishedhinchina modati sthaanika prabhutvamgaa maarindi. dheeni taruvaata laas pinas (2 janavari 2012), passig (1 janavari 2012), quezon city (1 september 2012, feezu kosam sanchulu), paase (1 september 2012, feezu kosam sanchulu), makati (30 juun 2013), paranac (juun 2021) nagarallo charyalu teesukunnaru.
nibandhanalu mariyu nishedhaalanu vidhinchadamlo alasyam chesina metro manila nagarallo taguig, calucon, malaban, valenzuvela, navotas mariyu shaan juvan unnaayi, ivi vandalaadi plaastik mariyu rabbaru tayari samsthalaku nilayamgaa unnaayi. oka nagaramlo, oka mayer kutumbaaniki 60 hectorla "plaastik city industrial" compound undhi.
2019 juulai 4naa, senator frances pangilinan aahara samsthalu, dukaanaalu, marketlu mariyu retailarlalo digumati, tayari mariyu viniyogaanni nishedhinchadam dwara okasari upayoginche plaastik utpattulanu dasalavaareegaa tolaginchaalani koorutuu oka billunu daakhalu chesaaru.
singapur.
singapoorloni pedda suupar marketlu 2023 madhya nundi punarviniyogaparachaleni carrier byaag pannuloo prati sanchiki kaneesam 5 sentlu vasoolu cheyalsi untundi.
taiwan.
2003 janavarilo taiwan telikapati plaastik sanchula uchita pampineeni nishedhinchindi. department storelu, shopping malls, hypermarketlu, convenions storelu, faast phud restaurantlu mariyu saadhaarana restaurantla yajamaanulu tama viniyogadaarulaku uchita plaastik sanchulanu andinchakundaa nishedham nirodhinchindi. aneka dukaanaalu plaastik sthaanamlo recycle chesina kaagitapu pettelanu erpaatu chesaayi. ayithe, romenia, aahara seva nirvaahakulu uchitamgaa plaastik sanchulanu andinchadaaniki anumatinchaalani paripalana nirnayinchindi. fibravari urugui, taiwan plaastik sanchulanu vividha sthaayilalo nishedhinche pranaalikalanu prakatinchindi, 2019 natiki dukaanamloo vadakanni nishedhinchindi, konni dukaanaalu 2020 natiki sanchulanu andinchakundaa nishedhinchaayi, 2025 nundi dharala perugudala, taruvaata taruvaata okasari upayoginche plaastik sanchulanu nishedhinchindi, alaage okasari upayoginche paatralu mariyu containerlu.
airopa.
european union.
2013 navambarulo, european commission telikapati (50 micronla kante takkuva mandam) plaastik carrier sanchula viniyogaanni tagginche lakshyamtho oka pratipaadananu prachurinchindi. eee pratipaadana prakaram, european union sabhya deshaalu plaastik sanchula vadakanni nirutsaahaparachadaaniki atyanta tagina charyalanu enchukovachhu.
2017 natiki plaastik sanchula vadakanni 50 saatam, 2019 natiki 80 saatam tagginchaalani lakshyamgaa pettukunna european paarlamentu 2015 april 29naa aadesaalanu aamodinchindi.
denmark.
denmark, denmark plaastik sanchulanu ichhe retailerlapy pannunu pravesapettindi. idhi plaastik sanchula kosam chaarj cheyadaaniki dukaanaalanu prothsahinchindi mariyu punarviniyoga sanchula vadakanni penchindi. deenivalla 66 saatam plaastik, kaagitapu sanchulu aadaa avtayani bhaavinchaaru. upayoginchabaddaayi greenlandloni "inatsisartat" kooda ilanti chattanni aamodinchindi, idhi plaastik sanchulapai recycling pannunu vartimpajesindi. 2014 natiki denmark airopalo athi takkuva plaastik sanchula vadakanni kaligi undhi, samvatsaraaniki vyaktiki 4 sanchulu, portugees, polland mariyu slovakialo 466 thoo poliste.
germany.
german packaging chattam 1 janavari 2019naa pravesapettabadindi, packaging kosam upayoginche punarviniyogaparachaleni plaastik sanchula sankhyanu parimitam chesindi. eee padaarthaalanu upayoginchaalani yochistunna companylu ippudu tama utpattulanu pampinhee chese mundu prabhutvamlo namodu chesukovali. vaaru paatinchakapothe, vaariki 200,000 eurola varaku jarimana vidhinchavachhu mariyu vaari utpattulanu vikrayinchakundaa nishedhinchavacchu. jarimana vidhinchakundaa undataaniki marketlu tappanisarigaa teerchaalsina recycling kotalanu kooda eee savarana erpaatu chesindi. november, packaging kosam upayoginche plaastik sanchulalo 36 saatam recycle cheyalsina avasaram undhi, conny juulai eee saataanni 63 saataaniki penchaaru. packaging chattaniki savarananu 2021 fibravari 9naa pravesapettaaru, 1 janavari 2022 nundi shopping sanchulatho sahaa anni single yooj plaastiknu nishedhinchaaru.
grease.
plaastik sanchulapai chaarjeeni pravesapettadaaniki mundu, grease prati samvatsaram sumaru 4 billion single yooj plaastik sanchulanu utpatti chesindi. greeslo sagatu vyakti etaa 300 plaastik sanchulanu paaravesinappatiki, veetilo kevalam 10 saatam matrame recycle cheyabaddaayi. plaastik byaag chaarjeeni 2018 janavari 1naa pravesapettaaru, praarambhamlo prati sanchiki 4 sentlu, taruvaata 2019 janavari 1naa 7 sentlaku penchaaru. single yooj plaastik vadakanni nirutsaahaparachadaaniki grease 2021 juulai 1naa maroe chattanni aamodinchindi, indulo vyaapaarulu single yooj plaastik byagulu mariyu servies vaerlanu arder cheyadam mariyu vikrayinchadaanni nishedhinchadam kooda undhi.
ireland.
ireland marchi australialo € 0.15 pannunu pravesapettindi. ammakam samayamlo viniyogadaarulapai vidhinchabadindi, idhi 90 saatam mandhi viniyogadaarulu oka samvatsaramlone deergha-jeevita sanchulanu upayoginchadaaniki daariteesindi. eee pannu viniyogadaarula pravartananu maarchadaaniki siddhamgaa undhi, ayithe vaaru plaastik sanchulaku adanapu rusumu chellinchalanukuntunnara anie enchukoovadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. biliyanlaku pannunu 0.22 eurolaku penchaaru. eee aadaayaanni paryaavarana nidhiloo unchutaaru, idhi paryaavarana prajectula kosam upayoginchabadutundi; viniyogadaarulu eee pannuku maddatu ivvadaaniki idhi oka pradhana kaaranam. check avt samayamlo viniyogadaarulu pannuku elaa spandinchaaro chuudataaniki oka adhyayanam jarigindi mariyu 60 saatam mandhi kharchupai tatasthamgaa unnaaru, ayithe 14 saatam mandhi prativaadulu adanapu chaarjeeki "sanukoolamgaa" unnaaru mariyu 26 saatam mandhi pratikuulamgaa spandinchaaru.
moldova.
moldova paarlamentu 2019 janavari nundi plaastik sanchulanu dasalavaareegaa tolaginchadam praarambhinchi, 2021 janavari 1 nundi puurti nishedham amalloki raavadamtho chattanni aamodinchindi.
netherlands.
netherlands 1 janavari 2016naa uchita plaastik shopping sanchulapai samagra nishedhaanni amalu chesindi. taja pandlu vanti kaalushyaaniki gurayye avakaasam unna pyaak cheyani aahara utpattulaku eee nishedham takkuva sankhyalo minahaayimpulanu kaligi undhi. oka plaastik sanchi yokka lakshya dhara € 0.25.
polland.
plaastik recycling leveeni 2018 janavari 1naa pravesapettaaru. okasari upayoginche plaastik sanchula dhara kaneesam (vyaattho sahaa) untundi, ayithe dukaanaalu ekkuva mottaanni vasoolu cheyagalavu. eee pannu urugui rashtra budjetku sumaru 1.1 billion dollarlu teesukuvastundani polish prabhutvam anchanaa vesindi. sanchula ammakaala dwara 250 million dollarla vyaat aadaayam perigindi.
portugees.
portugees yeka-viniyoga carrier sanchulapai 10 sentla (€) plaastik byaag pannunu amalu chesindi, idhi vaati viniyogamlo 90 saatam taggudalaku daariteesindi. ayithe, chaalaa mandhi retailarlu pannuku lobadi laeni mandapati (punarviniyogaparachadagina) plaastik sanchulanu adhe mottaaniki vikrayinchadam praarambhinchaaru. portugees prabhutvam eee plaastik sanchi pannunu amalu cheyadaaniki mundu, porchugalloni konni suupar marketlu ippatike prati plaastik sanchipai 2 saatam (€) rusumunu amalu chesaayi. suuparmaarketlu eee byaag feezunu amalu chesina madeera dveepamlo, plaastik byaag viniyogamlo 64 saatam taggimpu undhi.
romenia.
romenia oka chattam pravesapettabadindi (chattam 578/2006)-taruvaata vidhinchindi savarinchabadindi (chattam 1032/2011)-idhi jeevaadhokaranam chendani plaastik sanchulapai tappanisari pannunu vidhinchindi. vidhinchindi chesina savarana plaastik sanchulapai pannunu tagginchindi mariyu paryaavarana parirakshana nundi oka adugu venukabadi unnatlu kondaru bhaavinchaaru. telikapati plaastik sanchulanu 2019 janavari 1naa nishedhinchaaru.
serbia.
plaastik sanchula tayaareedaarulu mariyu digumatidaarulapai serbiaku pannu undhi mariyu 2019 natiki byaag vadakanni 90 kante takkuvagaa tagginchadaaniki telikapati plaastik sanchulapai nishedham mariyu biodegradable sanchulapai chaarjeeni pravesapettaalani yochistondi. pradhana suuparmaarketlu urugui byagku 2 dinaarlanu vasoolu cheyadam praarambhinchaayi.
speyin.
speyin 1 juulai 2018naa plaastik byaag chaarjnu pravesapettindi. april 2017 nundi kaataloniyaaku byaag chaarj undhi.
switzerland.
chebutaaru, switzerlandloni rendu atipedda suuparmaarketla golusulu, federation off migrose cooperatives und cope, vaaru kramamga uchita plaastik sanchulanu (check-avt vadda) pampinhee cheyadam nilipivestaarani prakatinchaaru. chellimpu sanchulatho dabbu sampadinchabomani, conny vaari ammakam nundi vachhe laabhaalanu paryaavarana prajectulalo pettubadi pedutamani pampineedaarulu iddaroo prakatinchaaru.
migrolu gatamlo 2013 nundi vaad cantonlo eee kolatanu pareekshinchaaruh vaaru pampinhee chesina plaastik sanchula sankhyanu tombhai saatam tagginchaaru (mariyu samvatsaraaniki 100,000 fraanklanu aadaa chesaaru). 2016 november 1naa desavyaaptamgaa eee charyanu pravesapettina modatidi valasadaarulu avutaaru (sanchulu recycle chesina plaastiktoe tayaaru cheyabadataayi mariyu okkokkati 0.05 swiss frankla dharatho untaayi). untaayi) dheenini pravesapettaalani sahakaara sanghaalu yochistunnayi.
united kingdom.
vaataavarana maarpula chattam 2008 united kingdamlo plaastik sanchula niyantranaku saasana chatramgaa panichesindi.
united kingdamlo 2021 mae 21 nundi okasari upayoginche plaastik sanchula chaarjee 5p nundi 10p kii rettimpu avtundani 2021 mae loe prakatinchaaru.
juulai juulai, 2022loe pradhana retailarlalo plaastik sanchula vadakam 2014 nundi 97 saatam taggindani nivedinchabadindi, nivedinchabadindi 5p chaarjeeni pravesapettina taruvaata ksheenatalo goppa vataa sambhavinchindi.
wales.
wales 2011 octoberulo daadaapu anni okesari upayoginche sanchulaku 5 pensula chattaparamaina kaneesa chaarjeeni pravesapettindi. kaagitam mariyu jeevaadhokaranam chendhe sanchulu chaarjeetho paatu plaastik sanchulalo cherchabaddaayi, konni nirdishta minahaayimpulato-packagy cheyani aaharam ledhaa enhetchs prescriptionpy sarafara cheyabadina aushadham vantivi.
chaarj nundi sekarinchina vyaatnu prabhutvam vasoolu chestundi. retailarlu migilina aadaayaanni swachchanda samsthalaku badilee cheyamani korataru. wales prabhutvam vidudala chesina juulai 2012 ganaamkaalu chaarjeeni pravesapettinappati nundi wales loe carrier byaag vadakam 96 saatam taggindani suuchimchaayi.
uttara ireland.
uttara ireland 8 april 2013naa daadaapu anni single yooj sanchulapai 5 pensula sunkaanni pravesapettindi. 19 janavari 2014 nundi 20 pensula kante takkuva retail dharatho punarviniyoga carrier sanchulaku eee sunkaanni vistarinchaaru, endukante aneka mandhi retailerla nundi vacchina dayta single yooj sanchulapai sunkaanni pravesapettinappati nundi punarviniyoga sanchi ammakalu 800% perigaayani suuchimchimdi.
levy dwara vachhe aadaayam (£ 4.17m in 2013/14) paryaavarana saakhaku chellinchabadutundi mariyu sthaanika paryaavarana prajectulaku nidhulu samakuurchadaaniki mariyu leveeni amalu cheyadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi. uttara ireland leveeki sambandhinchina adhikaarika ganaamkaalu pampinhee cheyabadina single yooj byagla sankhya 2012/13 loe sumaru 300 millionla nundi 2013/14 loe 84.5 millionlaku padipoyindani chuupistunnaayi-idhi 72 saatam taggudala.
scatland.
single yooj carrier sanchulaku aidu pensula kaneesa chaarjee 20 october 2014naa scatlandlo amalloki vachindi. idhi UK vistruta chattam kante vaataavarana maarpu (scatland) chattam 2009 kinda chattabaddhamaina saadhanamgaa amalu cheyabadindi.
chaarj dwara vachhe aadaayaanni retailarlu tamaku taginatlugaa upayoginchavacchu, ayithe retailarlu "manchi kaaranaala" kosam viraalamgaa istamani pratigna cheyamani prothsahistaaru. chaarj plaastik sanchulaku matrame parimitam kaadu, kaagitam vanti jeevaadhokaranam chendhe sanchulanu kaligi untundi. packagy cheyani aaharam, vadulugaa unde vittanaalu, matti kalushitamaina vastuvulu, goddali, kattulu ledhaa bladelu; mandulu ledhaa vaidya upakaranaalu; chinna packagy cheyani chepalu, maamsam ledhaa poultry; jala jantuvulu; vimaanaasrayam bhadrata parimita praantaallo chesina konugollu; ledhaa ooda, railu, vimanam, coach ledhaa bassulo konugolu chesina vastuvulaku chaarjee nundi minahaayimpu untundi.
ingland.
5 pence chaarjeeni sweekarinchina united kingdamlo ingland chivari desham, eee levy 5 october 2015 nundi amaluloki vachindi. plaastik byaag nibandhanalanu pravesapettadaaniki mundu, vividha retailarlu plaastik byaag viniyogaanni tagginchadaaniki swachchanda charyalalo palgonnaru.
migilina UK maadirigaa kakunda, itara sahaja padaarthaalatho tayaaru chesina kaagitapu sanchulu ledhaa sanchulaku aangla rusumu vartinchadu. itara deshaala maadirigaane, ammakaalapai sekarinchina vaatlanu prabhutvam sekaristundi. sanchula ammakaala dwara sekarinchina dabbunu elaa upayoginchaalo chillara vyaapaarulu enchukovachhu. prabhutvam eee pathakampai etaa samacharanni prachuristundi, chillara vyaapaarulanu aaa aadaayaanni swachchanda samsthalaku viraalamgaa ivvamani prothsahistundi.
modati 6 nelallo, inglaandlooni edu pradhana suupar marketlalo 640 millionla plaastik sanchulanu upayoginchaaru, manchi kaaranaala kosam 29.2 million poundlanu sekarinchaaru. chaarj chesina modati ardha samvatsaramlo ingland 0.6 billion single yooj sanchulanu pampinhee chesinatlu nivedinchindi, idhi idhi pampinhee chesina daanikante 7 biliyanlu takkuva. inglish plaastik byaag chaarj yokka rekhansha moolyaankanam chaarj anni janabha samuuhaalapai saanukuula prabhavanni choopindani, anni aadaaya vargaalu, anni vayasula mariyu purushulu mariyu mahilalu iddariloo kanipinche single yooj plaastik sanchula taggimputoe kanugonnaru. adanamgaa, plaastik byaag chaarjeeni pravesapettina oka nela taruvaata matrame prajala maddatu perigindani, byaag chaarjeeki tama maddatunu penchukunna vyaktulu kooda plaastik vyardhaalanu tagginche lakshyamtho itara vidhaanaalaku tama maddatunu penche avakaasam undani, vidhana maddatuku 'spillover' prabhavanni suuchistumdani adhyayanam kanugondi.
250 kante takkuva mandhi udyogulu unna retailarlaku praarambhamlo chaarjee nundi minahaayimpu undedi. eee minahaayimpunu vyatirekinchevaaru idhi chaarj yokka paryaavarana prabhavanni taggistundani vaadinchaaru. eee vimarsalaku pratispandanagaa, UK prabhutvam retailarlandarikee chaarjeeni podiginchi, daanini 10p kii rettimpu chese pranaalikalanu prakatinchindi, idhi april 2021 nundi amalloki vastundani bhaavinchabadindi. inglaandlooni anni vyaapaaraalaku 10p plaastik byaag chaarjee 21 mae 2021 nundi amalloki vachindi.
uttara america.
bahamalu.
poura vignaana shaastra aadhaarita parisoedhana, praja vidya mariyu yuvata prachaaraalanu upayoginchi paryaavarana laabhaapekshaleni samstha ayina bahamas plaastik udyamam (bpm) pracharam taruvaata bahamiya prabhutvam prabhutvam single yooj plaastiklanu (telikapati plaastik sanchulatho sahaa) nishedhinchindi.
kenada.
marchi biliyanlaku, aaku rapidla chinna pattanam, manitoba, uttara americalo sanchulanu nishedhinchina modati samajamga maarindi.
torranto nagara mandali 6 juun 2012naa, plaastik sanchulanu nishedhinchaalani, 1 janavari 2013 nundi amaluloki teesukuraavaalani, mariyu 1 juulai 2012 nundi nagaram yokka aidu saatam byaag feezunu raddu cheyaalani ootu vesindi. parisrama samuuhaalu 1 janavari 2013 nundi 30 juun 2013 madhya grays peeriyadnu cherchamani nagara adhikaarulanu oppinchaayi, appudu etuvanti jarimaanaalu, heccharikalu matrame jaarii cheyabadataayi. byaag nishedham mariyu aidu saatam rusumu (hchstho aaru sentlu) rendoo 2012 november 28 natiki raddu cheyabaddaayi mariyu plaastik sanchula kosam vasoolu cheyalanukunte adhi vyaktigata retailerla varaku untundi. konni jaateeya retailarlu minaha chaalaa dukaanaalu chaarjeelu vasoolu cheyavu.
plaastik stralu, patthi swabs, stirarlu, plaetlu, katalareelu mariyu beloon karralatho sahaa sahaa single yooj plaastiklanu nishedhinchaalani kenada prabhutvam yochistondi. covid-19 mahammari kaaranamgaa nishedham amalunu 2022 december december vaida vaesaaru.
gwatemala.
gwaatemaalaaloni konni munisipaalitiilu plaastik sanchulanu nishedhinchaayi, veetilo shaan pedro laa lagunaa, acatenango, villa connels, shaan miguel petapa mariyu totonicapan unnaayi.
jamaika.
2018 september 17naa, jamaikan mantrivargam 2019 janavari 1 nundi amaluloki vachhe okesari upayoginche plaastik sanchula digumati, tayari, pampinhee mariyu viniyogampai puurti nishedham prakatinchindi. kaaluvala addamkulaku daariteese akrama paaraveyadam mariyu khareedaina subhrapariche prayatnaalaku daariteese samasyalaku pratispandanagaa eee vidhanam vachindi. vaaru okesari upayoginche plaastik sanchulanu alalaloki dinchaaru, veetilo iteevalidi 2021 janavari 1 nundi amaluloki vachindi.
mexico.
plaastik sanchulu eee krindi rashtraallo nishedhinchabaddaayih baja california, mexico city, kolima, durango, hidalgo, michovakan, morelos, nayarit, newo leone, oksaka, queretaro, quintana ruu, sonora, tabasco, veracruz, eucaton mariyu jacatecas.
panaama.
panama assembly plaastik sanchulanu nishedhinche chattanni aamodinchindi. eee chattam urugui aamodinchabadindi mariyu 20 juulai 2019naa amalloki vachindi, ayithe toku vyaapaarulu tama prastuta stacknu dasalavaareegaa tolaginchadaaniki 2020 janavari varaku samayam undhi.
united states.
prastutam united stateslo jaateeya plaastik byaag rusumu ledhaa nishedham amalulo ledhu. ayithe, california, connecticut (juulai 2021), delaware (2021), hawai (vaastava), maine (janavari 2021), newjersey (mae 2022), newyork, oregon, vermont (juulai 2020) mariyu washington (2021) mariyu american samova, gwam (2021), uttara mariana dheevulu, us virgine dheevulu mariyu puerto rico bhuubhaagaalu punarviniyogaparachaleni sanchulanu nishedhinchaayi. 2018 septembaru natiki, sumaru 350 counteelu mariyu munisipaalitiilu plaastik sanchulapai rusumu vidhinchadam ledhaa havaayilooni anni counteelatho sahaa vaatini puurtigaa nishedhinchadam vanti ordinancelanu amalu chesaayi. rashtravyaaptamgaa plaastik shopping sanchulanu nishedhinche itara prayatnaalu (udaaharanaku masachusetslo, augustu 2019 natiki, raashtramloni 122 nagaralu mariyu pattanaalu alaa chesinappatiki) pradhanamgaa plaastik parisrama lobbying kaaranamgaa vijayavantam kaaledu. connecticut, washington, dii vanti konni adhikara paridhulu sanchula taggimpuku rusumu-matrame vidhananni amalu cheyadaaniki enchukunnaayi.sii. mariyu prakkane unna montgomery county, maryland. florida mariyu arizona vanti konni yuu. ess rashtraalu sthaanika munisipaalitiilu tama sonta nishedhaalanu aamodinchakunda nirodhinche chattalanu aamodinchaayi.
oshiyaniya.
australia.
telikapati sanchulapai desavyaaptamgaa nishedham laenappatikee, avi anni rashtraalu mariyu bhoobhagalalo nishedhinchabaddaayi. colless bay, tasmania australialo telikapati plaastik sanchulanu nishedhinchina modati pradaesam. dakshina australialo "jeero waste" karyakramanni pravesapettadam valla 2008 octoberulo telikapati sanchula nishedham vidhinchabadindi. prati samvatsaram 400 million sanchulu nilva cheyabadutunnayani anchanaa. paschima australia mariyu queensland juulai urugui vaatini nishedhinchaayi mariyu victoria november november nishedhaanni pravesapettindi.
australialo australialo 6 billion hechdipii sanchulu upayoginchabaddaayi. upayoginchabaddaayi vaati viniyogam 5.6 biliyanlaku, biliyanlaku 3.9 biliyanlaku taggindi.
australialoni rendu atipedda suupar market golusulu okasari upayoginche plaastik kirana sanchulanu nishedhinchina taruvaata, australialo plaastik sanchula viniyogam moodu nelallo 80 saatam taggindi.
newzealand.
urugui kaarmika prabhutvam oka samvatsaram vyavadhilo okasari upayoginche plaastik sanchulanu dasalavaareegaa tolagistaamani pratigna chesindi. oisidi dayta prakaram, talasari pattana vyardhaala utpattilo abhivruddhi chendina deshaalalo newzealand okati. pradhana mantri jacinda ordern mariyu saha paryaavarana mantri yujeni sage 10 augustu 2018naa eee prakatana chesaaru. 18 december 2018naa, kaarmika prabhutvam 70 micronla kante takkuva mandam gala handles unna biodegradable, compost cheyadagina mariyu axi -gradable sanchulatho sahaa anni plaastik shopping sanchulanu 2019 juulai 1 nundi nishedhinchanunnatlu prakatinchindi. paatinchani retailarlu $100,000 (£51,000) varaku jarimaanaalanu edurkovachhu.
dakshina america.
argentine.
argentine, buenous air city prabhutvam suupar marketlanu plaastik sanchula vadakanni nirutsaahaparachadaaniki vaati kosam chaarjeelu vasoolu cheyadaaniki anumatinchindi, idhi vaati vadakanni 50 saatam tagginchindani chebutaaru. chebutaaru nagaram 1 janavari 2017 nundi suupar marketlu mariyu hyper marketlalo plaastik sanchula pampineepai puurti nishedham prakatinchindi.
prakatinchindi buenous airs provins governor daniel seoli 13868 chattanni aamodinchaaru, idhi aaa samvatsaram chivari natiki, anni jeevaadhokaranam chendani plaastik sanchulanu adhokaranam chendhe padaarthaalaku anukuulamgaa dasalavaareegaa tolaginchaalani aadesinchindi.
nukewen, chubut, reo neegro vanti itara praavinsulu mariyu rosario, villa gessel ledhaa bariloche vanti nagaralu ippatike suupar marketlalo plaastik sanchula pampineeni nishedhinchaayi.
chilly.
2018 maeloe, pratinidhula sabha desavyaaptamgaa chillara vyaapaarula nundi plaastik sanchulanu kramamga tolaginchadaaniki ootu vesindi. augustu urugui, eee chattanni congress mariyu adhyakshudu aamodinchaaru, deenivalla plaastik sanchulanu nishedhinchina modati latin american desamgaa chilly nilichindi. 2018 augustu 3 nundi, prati konugoluto paatu rendu plaastik sanchulaku minchakudadu. eee chattam prakaram, aaru nelala taruvaata, suupar marketlu mariyu pedda retail vyaparalu plaastik sanchulanu andinchadaaniki assalu anumatinchabadaledu, mariyu 2020 augustu 3naa mottam nishedham chinna vyaapaaraalaku kooda vartinchadam praarambhinchindi. eee chattam billionla koddi plaastik sanchula vadakanni tolaginchindani nammutunnattu paryaavarana mantri carolina schmid chepparu.
desavyaaptamgaa nishedham vidhinchadaaniki mundu, praantiiyamgaa ilanti niyamaalu undevi. 2017 natiki, daadaapu 80 munisipaalitiilu ippatike plaastik sanchula pampineeni parimitam chesaayi, ayithe konni teerapraanta mariyu sarassu pakkana unna praantaalu plaastik sanchulanu puurtigaa nishedhinchaayi.
columbia.
2015 natiki, columbia 2020 natiki plaastik sanchula vadakanni 80 saatam tagginchaalani mariyu 2025 natiki vaati vadakanni tolaginchaalani yochinchindi. 2016 april 29naa, paryaavarana mantritva saakha 30 centimeters kante takkuva plaastik sanchulanu 30 centimeters varaku nishedhistuu oka teermaanaanni aamodinchindi.
1 juulai 2017 nundi, columbia prabhutvam plaastik sanchiki 20 pesolu pannunu vartimpajestundi, 2020 varaku prati sanchiki 10 pesolu vaarshika perugudalato pranaalika cheyabadindi.
kirana mariyu restaurant pampinheetho paatu okesari upayoginche plaastik oka savaalu; 2020 coronavirus mahammari samayamlo eee sevalaku adhika demand undhi.
urugui.
urugui, urugve paarlamentu desavyaaptamgaa anni jeevaadhokaranam chendani okesari upayoginche plaastik sanchula utpatti, digumati mariyu vaanijyeekarananu nishedhinchina chattam nem. 19655nuu aamodinchindi. 2019 juulai 1 nundi prati sanchiki 4 pesolu pannutho jeevaadhokaranam chendhe sanchulanu matrame vaanijya upayogam kosam anumatinchaaru. prabhutva samsthala prakaram, chattam aamodinchabadina koddi rojulake, plaastik sanchula vadakam 80 saatam taggindi, idhi niyantranaku bhaarii vijayanni suuchistumdi.

