
richard cobden

richard cobden (3 juun 1804-2 april 1865) oka aangla radikal mariyu udaaravaada raajakeeyavetta, tayaareedaaru mariyu swechhaa vaanijyam mariyu shanti kosam pracharam chesevadu. athanu corn vyatiraeka laa leag mariyu cobden-chevalier oppandamtho sambandham kaligi unnadu.
yuvakudigaa, cobden oka vijayavantamaina vaanijya yaatrikudu, athanu subdenlo atyanta laabhadaayakamaina kaaliko printing factoryki saha yajamani ayyadu, conny athanu balamgaa gurtinchabade manchesterlo nivasinchaadu. ayithe, twaralone ayana rajakeeyaalalo marinta nimagnamai unnaarani, merugaina antarjaateeya sambandhaalaku keelakamgaa swechhaa vaanijyam (rakshana vyatiraeka) yokka dharmalanu ayana prayaanaalu oppinchaayi.
1838loe, athanu mariyu zaan brait, digumati chesukunna godhumalapai pannulu vidhinchadam dwara bhuswamula prayojanaalanu parirakshinche aprasiddha mokkajonna chattalanu raddu cheyalane lakshyamtho corn vyatiraeka laa leagnu sthaapinchaaru, tadwara rotte dharanu penchaaru. 1841 nundi paarlamentu sabhyudiga, athanu peal mantritva saakha nundi vyatiraekataku vyatiraekamgaa poraadaadu, mariyu 1846loe raddu cheyabadindi.
maroka swechhaa vaanijya chorava 1860 naati cobden-chevalier oppandam, idhi britton mariyu france madhya sannihita paraspara aadharapadataanni prothsahinchindi. zaan brait mariyu french aardhikavetta maikhel chevalier sahakaaramtho eee pracharam nirvahinchabadindi, frenchpy paarlamentu yokka sthaanika apanamakam unnappatikee idhi vijayavantamaindi.
prarambha samvatsaraalu.
cobden dunford anae famhouselo, midhurst sameepamloni heshaatlo, sussexlo janminchaadu. vilium cobden mariyu athani bhaarya millicent (umber) kuu janminchina 11 mandhi pillalalo athanu nalgavavadu. ayana kutumbam aneka taraalugaa aaa parisaraallo nivasistuu, paakshikamgaa vaanijyamlo, paakshikamgaa vyavasaayamlo nimagnamai undhi. athani taata richard cabden heshaatlo bex millunu kaligi unnadu mariyu saktivantamaina mariyu sampannamaina maltster, athanu midhurstlo bailiff mariyu cheef magistratega panicheesaadu mariyu county vishayaalalo gananeeyamaina paatra poeshinchaadu. ayithe athani tandri vilium vyavasayam cheyadaaniki anukuulamgaa maaradam manesi, 1809loe richard maraninchinappudu dunford polaanni naduputuu vacchaadu. oka paedha vyaapaaravaetta, aaa polaanni viphalamainappudu aaa aastini ammivesi, aaa kutumbaanni sameepamloni gullards ook vadda unna oka chinna polaniki marchadu. paristhitulu merugupadaledu mariyu 1814 natiki, aneka itara kadalikala taruvaata, kutumbam chivariki hampshireloni alton sameepamloni west meonlo kaulu raitulugaa sthirapadindi.
cobden oka dame paatasaalalo chadivaadu, aapai yorkshire uttara raidinglooni boves haall paatasaalalo chadivaadu. padihenu samvatsaraala vayassulo athanu thana maama richard ware cole yokka giddangi vyaapaaraaniki london vellaadu, akkada athanu maslin mariyu kaalikolo vaanijya yaatrikudu ayyadu. athani bandhuvu, baaludu chaduvuku makkuvatho kuudina vyasananni gamaninchi, vaanijya jeevitamlo athani vijayaniki praanaantakamaina addankigaa niroopinche avakaasam unna atuvanti ruchilo nimagnam kakunda atanni teevramgaa heccharinchaadu. cobden nirutsaahapadakundaa london samstha yokka grandhaalayaanni baga upayoginchukunnadu. thana maama vyaparam viphalamainappudu, athanu eest cheep loe partridge & prais loe cheraadu, bhagaswamulalo okaru thana maama maajee bhagaswamy.
1828loe, cobden sherief mariyu gilletto thana sonta vyapaaraanni erpaatu chesukunnadu, paakshikamgaa zaan levis nundi mooladhanamtho, fort brothers, manchester kaaliko printerlaku london agentluga vyavaharinchaadu. 1831loe, bhaagaswaamulu lancashireloni clithiro sameepamloni subdenloni koota nundi oka karmagaranni leejuku teesukoovaalani prayatninchaaru. ayithe, vaari madhya taginanta muuladhanam ledhu. cobden mariyu athani sahacharulu kotanu enthagaa aakattukunnarante vaaru equitylo gananeeyamaina bhaganni nilupukovadaaniki angeekarinchaaru. kotta samstha abhivruddhi chendindi mariyu tvaralo moodu samsthalanu kaligi undhi-subden vadda mudrana panulu mariyu london mariyu manchesterlalo ammakaala dukaanaalu. manchester avtlet cobden yokka pratyaksha nirvahana krindaku vachindi, athanu 1832loe akkada sthirapadi, nagaramtho sudeergha anubandhaanni praarambhinchaadu. athanu kway veedhilooni oka intlo nivasinchaadu, dheenini ippudu cobden house anie pilustaaru. ayana nivasanni gurtuchese phalakam. samstha yokka vijayam nirnayaatmakamainadi mariyu vegavantamainadi, mariyu "cobden printlu" tvaralo vaati naanhyataku prasiddhi chendaayi.
cobden thana saktulannintini vyaapaaraaniki ankitam chesi unte, athanu tvaralo chaalaa dhanavanthudai undavacchu. vyaparamlo athani aadaayaalu saadhaaranamgaa samvatsaraaniki £8,000 nundi £10,000 varaku undevi. ayithe, neerchukoevadam mariyu vichaarana cheyadam athani jeevitakaala alavaatu athani samayanni ekkuvagaa grahinchindi. libra" anae paerutoe vraasi, vaanijya mariyu aardhika prasnalanu charchistuu "manchester times" loe aneka lekhalanu prachurinchaadu. ayana aalochanalalo konni aadam smith chetha prabhaavitamayyaayi.
modati prachuranalu.
1835loe, athanu thana modati karapatraanni "ingland, ireland mariyu america, bye eah manchester tayaareedaaru" paerutoe prachurinchaadu. 
cobden shanti, jokyam chesukoni, tolagimpu mariyu swechhaa vaanijyam suutraalanu samardhinchaadu, dheeniki athanu nammakamgaa kattubadi unnadu. 1835 juun 7naa newyork cherukunna ayana america samyukta rashtraalanu sandarsinchaaru. eee paryatanaku sumaru moodu nelalu ketaayinchaaru, samudrateera rashtraalu mariyu kenada prakkane unna praantaala gundaa vaegamgaa prayaaninchi, desham yokka paristhiti, vanarulu mariyu avakaasaalaku sambandhinchi pedda mottamlo samacharanni sekarinchaaru. 1836 chivarilo "russia" anae paerutoe maroka rachana kanipinchindi. david urkhart preranatho rassophobia yokka adavi vyaaptini edurkovataniki idhi roopondinchabadindi. adhikara samatulyata mariyu vaanijya rakshana kosam pedda aayudhaala avasaram anae aalochanalapai aadhaarapadina mottam videsanga vidhana vyavasthapai idhi saahasopetamaina neraropananu kooda kaligi undhi.
anaaroogyam kaaranamgaa athanu britton vidichi vellavalasi vachindi, mariyu aneka nelala paatu, 1836 chivarilo mariyu 1837 praarambhamlo, athanu speyin, turkey mariyu egyptulo prayaaninchaadu. eejiptu paryatanalo ayana mahammad aleetho interview chesaaru, ayana samskaranaatmaka chakravartigaa thana paatra gurinchi chaalaa anukuulamaina abhiprayanni chuupaleedu. athanu 1837 eprillo britanku tirigi vacchaadu.
rajakeeyaalalo modati adugu.
cobden tvaralo manchester raajakeeya mariyu medho jeevitamlo oka pramukha vyakti ayyadu. athanu manchester athenium punaadini vijaetagaa nilichaadu mariyu daani praarambhopanyaasam chesaadu. athanu chhambar off commers sabhyudiga unnadu mariyu nagaranni vileenam cheyalane prachaaramlo bhaagamgaa unnadu, daani modati aldermanlalo okarigaa ennikayyaadu. prajaadarana pondina vidya vishayamlo kooda ayana aasakti chuupadam praarambhinchaaru. bahiranga prasangamlo ayana chesina modati prayatnaalalo konni british paatasaalala sthaapananu samarthinchadaaniki manchester, salford, bolton, roachdale mariyu itara prakkane unna pattanaalalo samavesamaina samavesalalo jarigaayi. eee prayojanam kosam rochdelku oka missionloo unnappudu athanu modata zaan brait parichayaanni yerparachukunnadu. 1837loe, vilium IV maranam mariyu victoria raani pattabhishekam saadhaarana ennikalaku daariteesaayi. cobden stockportuku abhyardhigaa unnadu, conny swalpamgaa odipoyaadu.
itara aasaktulalo georg kambetho athani sneham mariyu 1830luu mariyu 1840laloe manchester phrenological societytho athani prameyam unnaayi. 1850loe, athanu thana kumarudi gurinchi phrenological patanam andinchaalani kaambenu koraadu.
mokkajonna chattalu.
mokkajonna chattalu" anevi grate britainlo trinadhaanyaala utpattidaarulaku dharalanu ekkuvagaa unchadaaniki roopondinchina digumati chesukunna dhaanyampai pannulu. chattalu nijaaniki aahara dharalanu penchaayi mariyu graameena britton kante chaalaa takkuva raajakeeya praatinidhyam unna pattana praantaala nundi vyatiraekata kendramgaa marai. dhanyam chattalu aahara sarafara takkuvagaa unnappatikee, itara deshaala nundi digumati chesukunna dhanyam parimaanaanni taggistuu, digumati sunkaalanu bhaareega vidhinchaayi. eee chattalaku sampradaayavaada bhuswamulu maddatu icchaaru mariyu wig paarisraamikavettalu mariyu kaarmikulu vyatiraekimchaaru. chattalaku vyatiraekamgaa prajala mariyu paalaka-taragati abhiprayanni maarchadaaniki corn vyatiraeka laa leag baadhyata vahinchindi. idhi aadarsadhaama drukpathamtho kuudina pedda, desavyaapta, madhyataragati naitika poraatamgaa undedi. daani pramukha nyaayavaadi richard cobden. charitrakaarudu aasaa briggs prakaram, raddu ekakaalamlo naalugu goppa samasyalanu parishkaristundani cobden padepade vaagdaanam chesaru
1838loe, leag manchesterlo erpadindi; cobden suuchana meraku, idhi jaateeya sangham, anty-corn laa leaga maarindi. leag yokka edu samvatsaraalalo, cobden daani pradhana pratinidhi mariyu animating spirit. vyavasaya bhuswamula vaddaku vyaktigatamgaa thana savaalunu teesukelladaaniki ledhaa fairgus oo 'connor netrutvamloni kaarmika varga chaartistulanu edurkovadaniki athanu bhayapadaledu.
1841loe, surr robbert peal paarlamentulo melbourne mantritva saakhanu oodinchi, saadhaarana ennikalu jarigaayi, mariyu cobden stockportuku kotta sabhyudiga tirigi vacchaadu. ayana house off commonslo puurtigaa viphalamavutaarani ayana pratyarthulu nammakamgaa anchanaa vaesaaru. vaari anchanaalanu pareekshaku teesukuraavadamlo aaa assemblylo pravesam pondina tarvaata ayana ekkuvasepu vechi undaledu. augustu 19naa paarlamentu samavesamaindi. 24va teedeena, raani prasangampai jarigina charchalo, cobden thana modati prasangam chesaaru. "idhi vyaakhyaaninchabadindi," "harriet martino thana" "shanti charitra" "loe nivedinchindi, saadhaaranamgaa kotta sabhyuniki ivvabade maryaadatoe intlo atanni chudaledani, mariyu ataniki alanti aacharam avasaram ledani grahinchabadindi"."nirutsaahapadakundaa, athanu mokkajonna chattalapai thana vaikharini saralamgaa, saktivantamgaa vivarinchaadu. idhi samasyalalo nipunudigaa ayana pratishtaku naandi palikindi.
1842 april 21naa, 67 itara empeelatho, peeples charter (1838) yokka demandlanu parigananaloki teesukoovadaaniki oka kamiteeni erpaatu cheyadaaniki vilium sherman crafford (oka thoti corn-vyatiraeka chatta leager) yokka teermaanaaniki cobden ootu vesaru rahasya ballet dwara rakshinchabadina sraamika purushulaku otlu. 
1843 fibravari 17naa, cobden tokkapai daadi chesi, dhesha kaarmikula dayaneeyamaina mariyu asantruptikaramaina paristhitiki atanni badhyudiniga paerkonnaadu. charchalo peal spandinchaledu, conny teevra raajakeeya bhavalu unna samayamlo prasangam chesaaru. peal private secretory ayina edward drummond iteevala pradhana mantrigaa porapaatu padi, oka verrivaadu veedhiloo kalchi champabaddadu. ayithe, saayantram taruvaata, thana vyaktipai himsanu prerepinchadam anie, utsaahamgaa, aandolana chendina swaraalatoe aaa vyakhyanu peal paerkonnaadu. eee suuchananu grahinchina peal yokka tory party, utsaahabharitamaina sthithilo padipoyindi, mariyu cabden thana uddesyam vyaktigata baadhyata kaadani, adhikaarikamani vivarinchadaaniki prayatninchinappudu, athanu munigipoyaadu.
tokka thana sthaanaanni maarchukuni, 1846loe mokkajonna chattalanu raddu cheyaalani pilupunicchindi. cobden mariyu leag eee kshanaanni samvatsaraalu siddham chesaayi, conny 1846loe vaaru peddagaa paatra pooshinchaleedu. peal yokka dookudu rajakeeyaala taruvaata, mokkajonna chattaala raddu 1846 mae 16naa house off commonsnu 98 otlatho aamodinchindi. peal sampradaayavaada naayakatvam yokka sankiirnaanni erpaatu chesindi mariyu daani empilaloo moodinta oka vanthu vigsto cheraaru, moodinta rendu vantula sampradaayavaadulu ataniki vyatiraekamgaa ootu vaesaaru. adhi peal yokka tory paarteeni cheelchivesi, athani prabhutvam pathanaaniki daariteesindi. thana rajinama prasangamlo athanu mokkajonna chattalanu raddu chesinanduku andari kante ekkuvagaa kobdenku ghanata icchaadu.
nivaali, prayaanam mariyu punaravasam.
cobden thana vyapaaraanni, thana gruha soukaryaalanu, kontakaalam thana aarogyaanni eee prachaaraaniki tyaagam chesaadu. aaa tyaagaalaku desham aayanaku gananeeyamaina krutagnata mariyu prasamsalaku chihnamgaa undani athani snehitulu bhaavinchaaru. praja chandha £80,000 mottaanni sekarinchindi. athanu vyaktigata aasayamtho prerana pondhi unte, athanu atyunnata padavini pondhe avakaasamtoe raajakeeya purogati resulo pravesinchi undavacchu. mokkajonna chattalanu raddu chesina ventane, peal taruvaata pradhana mantrigaa baadhyatalu sweekarinchina lard zaan russell, kobdennu thana prabhutvamlo cheramani ahvaninchadu, kaani cobden aaa ahvaanaanni tiraskarinchaadu.
videshaalalo kontha punaruddharana gopyatanu kanugonaalani cobden aasinchaadu, kaani athani keerti airopa antataa vyaapinchindi mariyu athanu radikal udyamaaniki simhikagaa nilichaadu. 1846 joolailo, ayana oka snehitudiki ilaa vraasaaru, "naa medadulo tayaaravutunna oka kotta project gurinchi neenu meeku cheppabotunnanu. eejiptu ledhaa italeelo nannu neenu khananam chesukovalane aalochananu neenu vadulukunnaanu. neenu airopa khandam antataa aandolana paryatanaku velutunnaanu."france, russia, austria, russia mariyu speyin nundi tanaku vacchina aahvanaalanu ayana prastaavinchaaru, alaage, neenu, raboye pannendu nelallo devuni sahayamtho, airopaloni anni pedda rashtraalanu sandarsinchi, vaari saktivantamaina ledhaa raajaneetignulanu chuusi, intlo irresistibulga unna aaa satyaalanu amalu cheyadaaniki prayatnistaanu. nishkriyaatmakatalo neenu enduku tuppu pattali? naa deshaprajala praja sphuurti vaari mataprachaarakudigaa prayaaninchae maargaalanu naaku andiste, neenu eee dhesha prajala nundi khandamloni deshaalaku modati raayabaarini avutaanu. nannu ennadoo mosam cheyani sahaja bhavodvegam nannu dheeniki prerepinchindi. maa rakshana vidhananni raddu cheyadaaniki neenu ikkada unna daanikante svaechchaayutamaina vyavasthanu avalambinchamani vaarini balavantam cheyadaaniki airopaloni nishedhaatmaka deshaalaku balamaina kesunu roopondinchadamlo neenu vijayavantam kagalanani neenu bhaavistunnaanu.
athanu varusaga france, speyin, italii, germany mariyu rashyaalanu sandarsinchaadu mariyu athanu vellina pratichota gowravinchabaddaadu. ayana bahiranga pradarsanalanu uddesinchi prasanginchadame kakunda pramukha raajaneetignulato aneka private prekshakulanu kooda kaligi unnaaru. ayana lenappudu saadhaarana ennikalu jarigaayi, mariyu athanu stockport kosam mariyu yorkshire yokka paschima riding kosam tirigi vacchaadu (1847). athanu rendo sthaanamlo kuurchoevadaaniki enchukunnadu.
juun 1848loe richard cobden thana kutumbaanni manchester nundi landanlooni paddingtonku taralinchi, 103 westbourne terrus vadda oka intini teesukunnadu. loe
1847loe ayana dunford vadda unna paatha kutumba intini kooda tirigi konugolu chesi, 1852 ledhaa 1853loe aaa intini punarnirminchaaru, aaa intini ayana thana maranam varaku aakramincharu.
saantivaada kriyaaseelata.
cobden vidaesaala nundi tirigi vachinappudu, athanu tanaku swechchaayuta vaanijyaaniki taarkika puurakamgaa anipinchina, saantini prothsahinchadam mariyu naukaadalam mariyu sainika aayudhaala taggimpu gurinchi prasanginchaadu. athanu jokyam chesukonivaariki maddatudaarudu mariyu yuddhanni ayana asahyinchukovadam oka abhiruchi, vaastavaaniki, mokkajonna chattalaku vyatiraekamgaa ayana chesina pracharalu shanti kosam mariyu yuddhaaniki vyatiraekamgaa rakshana kosam swechhaa vaanijyam oka saktivantamaina shakti anae ayana nammakam dwara prerepinchabaddaayi. athanu telise apahasyam mariyu aadarsadhaamam yokka nindaku gurayye pramaadaaniki gurayyadu. 1849loe, athanu antarjaateeya madhyavartitvaaniki anukuulamgaa paarlamentulo oka pratipaadananu, 1851loe aayudhaala paraspara taggimpu kosam oka teermaanaanni munduku tecchaadu. athanu yea sandarbhamloonuu vijayam saadhinchaledu, ledhaa athanu aasinchaledu. adhe lakshyanni anusarinchi, 1848 nundi 1851 varaku brassels, paris, frankfurt, london, manchester mariyu edinberglalo varusaga jarigina shanti samavesala shrenitho athanu tananu taanu gurtinchukunnadu.
nallamandu yuddhaalanu vyatiraekistuu, cobden "baanisa vyaparamlo manam [british] prapanchaanni aparaadhabhaavamtho adhigaminchinatle, videshee yuddhaalalo manaku suuryuni krinda atyanta dookudu, vichitramaina, yuddhasamaanamaina mariyu raktapaata desham undhi" anie vaadinchaaru."aktobaru 1850loe ayana joseph sturgeku oka lekha raasaaru, gatha iravai aidu samvatsaraalalo" "manam bhoomipai saatileni vidhamgaa atyanta raktasiktamaina desamgaa unnamani meeru kanugontaaru"... chainaalo, barmaalo, bhaaratadesamlo, newzealand, cape, siriya, speyin, portugal, grease modalaina deshaalalo, manam yuddham cheyani ledhaa bionet binduvu vadda mana nibandhanalanu nirdesinchani desham entha maarumuulamainappatikii ledhu."andarikante goppa raktapaatakaarulaina" british vaaru migilina airopa kante ekkuva yuddhaalalo palgonnarani cobden nammadu. indulo, cobden british kuleenulanu nindinchaadu, idhi "aangla jaathi yokka poraata saamarthyaanni daani swantha lakshyalaku maarchindi" anie athanu paerkonnaadu.
1852 eprillo, barmis prabhutvam iddaru british sea keptenlanu durviniyogam chesinanduku british vaaru barmapai yuddham prakatinchinappudu, cobden yuddhaaniki "casus belli" gaa "ascharyapoyaduhu
1853loe cobden "bhaaratadesamlo yuddhalu elaa praarambhamavutaayih barmis yuddham yokka muulaalu" anae pustakaanni prachurinchaaru. eee rachanalo ayana samyukta raashtraalato ilanti vivaadaalu enduku yuddhamlo eppuduu mugiyaledu anae siddhaantaanni vyaktam chesaaru. cobden prakaram, "america saktivantamainadi mariyu barma balaheenamainadi... tananu taanu rakshinchukune saamarthyam unna shakti patla britton eee vidhamgaa vyavaharinchi undedi kaadu."
1851-1852 loe rendava french saamrajyam sthaapanapai, patrika maadhyamaalache prerepinchabadina himsaatmaka bhayandolana prajalanu pattukundi. luis nepolian etuvanti saaku ledhaa recchagottadam lekunda british teeramlo akasmaattugaa mariyu samudrapu dongalu digivacchinatlu aalochistunnatlu soochinchabadindi. paarlamentu lopala mariyu velupala varusa prasamgaalu mariyu karapatraala dwara, cobden thana deshaprajala abhiruchulanu saantaparachadaaniki prayatninchaadu. alaa cheyadam dwara, athanu swechhaa vaanijyam yokka vijaetagaa geluchukunna goppa prajaadarananu tyaagam chesaadu mariyu kontakaalam britainlo uttama durviniyogaaniki guraina vyakti ayyadu.
ayithe, airopaku thoorpuna paalastiinaa matha pradaesaala gurinchi talettina godava kaaranamgaa, prajabhiprayam akasmaattugaa tiragabadindi, french chakravarthiki vyatiraekamgaa nirdesinchabadina anni anumanalu mariyu dvesham athani nundi russia chakravarthiki mallinchabaddaayi. luis nepolian britton yokka nammakamaina mitrudigaa anukuulamgaa teesukobaddadu, mariyu prajaadarana pondina utsaaham yokka sudigaali crimean yuddhamloki desham chochukupoyindi.
mallii prajala manobhaavaalanu edurkonna, turkeylo prayaaninchi, daani rajakeeyaalanu adhyayanam chesina cobden, ottoman saamrajyam yokka swaatantryam mariyu samagratanu kapadukovadampai nirasana thosipuchaaru. vaatini nirvahinchadam saadhyamani ayana khandinchaaru, adhi kaavaalsinadani ayana teevramgaa khandinchaaru. russia abhivruddhi patla asuya, russia shakti patla bhayam anevi asambaddhamaina atisayoktulu anie ayana viswasinchaadu. european turkey bhavishyattu kraistava janabha chetullo undani, britton vichaarakaramaina mariyu ksheenistunna islaamik saktigaa taanu bhaavinche daanitoe kakunda vaaritho pottu pettukovadam telivainadani ayana paerkonnaaru. meeru kraistava janabhanu emi cheyali anae prasnaku meeru house off commonslo mimmalni meeru vivekavantulu mariyu saktivantamaina vyaktulugaa sambodhinchukovalani ayana annaru. endukante mahammadnism [islam] nuu konasaginchalemu, mariyu eee desham mahammadnism nirvahana kosam poradatam chuusi neenu badhapadali... meeru turkeyni airopa patamlo unchavacchu, meeku kavalante meeru aaa deshaanni turkey paerutoe pilavavacchu, conny meeru desamlo mahomedan palananu konasaginchagalarani anukokandi. ayithe, yuddhaaniki anukuulamgaa prajaadarana pondina bhaavam yokka pravaham irresistible; mariyu cobden mariyu zaan brait iddaroo oblakito munigipooyaaru. carle marks ilaa vraasaadu, "mariyu coron chattanni puurtigaa vidichipettakundaa [pratipaksha empi cobden vaadinchaaru], turkey kraistavulanu turklatho samaanatvampai unchadam asadhyam. prastutam unna rashtra charchi mariyu ingland chattaalatho, aame panivaallanu kobendlu mariyu prakaasaalatoe samanamga unchadam saadhyamenaa anie manam mister kobennu adagavacchu."
rendava nallamandu yuddham.
1857 praarambhamlo chaina nundi vacchina vaartalu aaa desamloni british plenipotentiaryki, conton provins governorku madhya "baanam" anie piluvabade oka chinna nauka ledhaa lorchaku sambandhinchi cheelika gurinchi britanku cherukunnayi, dheeni phalitamgaa british admiral nadhi kotalanu naasanam chesaaru, king naavikaadalaaniki chendina 23 noukalanu tagalabettaaru, conton nagarampai bambu daadi chesaaru. adhikaarika patraalanu jagrattagaa daryaaptu chesina taruvaata, avi puurtigaa anyaayamaina charyalu anie kobdenku nammakam kaligindi. eee meraku ayana paarlamentulo oka teermaanaanni teesukuvacchaaru, idhi naalugu raatrula paatu saagina sudeerghamaina, chirasmaraneeyamaina charchaku daariteesindi, dheenilo aayanaku sidney herbert, surr james graham, vilium gladstone, lard zaan russell mariyu benzin disreli maddatu icchaaru, idhi lard palmerston padahaaru majoritytho odipovadamto mugisindi.
conny eee vijayam aayanaku paarlamentulo thana sthaanaanni kolpoyindi. lard palmerston otami taruvaata jarigina raddu taruvaata, cobden huddersfieldku abhyardhi ayyadu, conny aaa pattanamlooni otarlu athani pratyarthiki praadhaanyata icchaaru, athanu russian yuddhaaniki maddatu icchi, cantonloni karyakalapalanu aamodinchaadu. cobden vyaktigata jeevitaaniki digajaripoyadu, mariyu dunfordloni thana graameena intiki padavee viramana chesi, thana bhoomini saagu cheyadamlo mariyu thana pandulaku aaharam ivvadamlo paripuurna santruptito thana samayanni gadipadu.
athanu united states loe maroe sandarsana cheyadaaniki eee vishraanti kaalanni sadviniyogam chesukunnadu. ayana lenappudu 1859loe jarigina saadhaarana ennikalu jarigaayi, appudu ayana roachdale tarapuna ekagreevamgaa tirigi vacchaaru. lard palmerston mallii pradhana mantri ayyadu, mariyu taanu pattukunnanta sulabhamgaa adhunaatana liberal party "anachiveyabadaledu" anie kanugonna taruvaata, athanu sayodhyaku pratipaadanalu chesaadu, mariyu cobden mariyu thamus milner gibsonlanu thana prabhutvamlo sabhyuluga maaradaaniki ahvaninchadu. livarpoollo adugupettinapudu kobdenku pampina spashtamaina, snehapoorvaka lekhalo, lard palmerston aayanaku vaanijya boardu adhyakshudiga, cabinetlo oka seetutho, paatranu andinchaadu. athani snehitulu chaalaa mandhi ventane angeekarinchamani atanipai ottidi tecchaaru, conny okka kshanam kooda sankochinchakunda athanu pratipaadita gowravaanni tiraskarinchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. london cherukunna taruvaata athanu lard palmerstonnu kalisaadu, mariyu bahirangamgaa tananu chaalaa tarachugaa vyatirekinchaadani, khandinchanani, inca thana abhipraayaalaku, mukhyamgaa videsanga vidhana prasnalaku, inca chaalaa vistrutamgaa vibhedinchaadani, thana sonta vidhi mariyu sthirathva bhaavaaniki himsa cheyakunda, mantrigaa thana krinda panicheyalenani atyanta spashtatato cheppadu. lard pamerston thana abhyantaraalanu edurkovadaniki haasyabharitamgaa prayatninchaadu, conny vijayam saadhinchaledu.
cobden-shevalier oppandam.
lard pamerston paripalana baadhyatanu panchukoovadaaniki cobden niraakarinchinappatikii, britton mariyu france madhya svaechchaayutamaina vaanijya sambandhaalanu prothsahinchadamlo daani pratinidhigaa panicheyadaaniki athanu siddhamgaa unnadu. conny eee prayojanam kosam charchalu prakaasavantamaina mariyu maikhel shevalier thoo kalisi thanatho udbhavinchaayi. 1859 chivaralo athanu lard palmerston, lard zaan russell mariyu gladstonelanu pilichi, eee lakshyanni prothsahinche uddesyamto fraansnu sandarsinchi, fraansku chendina nepolian III mariyu athani mantrulatho communicate cheyalane thana uddesaanni suuchimchaadu. eee raajaneetignulu athani uddesyaaniki tama aamodaanni saadhaarana paramgaa vyaktam chesaaru, conny athanu puurtigaa thana sonta kaaranamgaane vellaadu, modata etuvanti adhikaarika adhikaram lekunda dustulu dharinchaadu. paris cherukunna taruvaata athanu nepoliantho sudeerghamgaa samavesamayyadu, dheenilo rendu deshaalu okadaanipai okati marinta aadharapadataanni nirodhinchina aaa addamkulanu tolaginchadaaniki anukuulamgaa aneka vaadanalu koraru, mariyu athanu swechhaa vaanijyaaniki anukuulamgaa thana manassupai gananeeyamaina mudra veyadamlo vijayam saadhinchaadu. aaa taruvaata athanu french mantrulanu uddesinchi prasanginchi, mukhyamgaa eugene rouharto chaalaa shraddhaga sambhaashinchaadu, athanu vaadinchina aardhika mariyu vaanijya suutraalaku baga moggu chuupaadu. eee praathamika mariyu anadhikaarika charchalalo chaalaa samayam gadipina taruvaata, rendu deshaala madhya vaanijya oppandam dautya rangamloki pravesinchina prasna, fraanslooni vaari rayabari henry vellesley, 1 va earl kouleetho kalisi eee vishayamlo tama sampoorna adhikaramga vyavaharinchamani british prabhutvam kobdennu abhyardhinchindi. conny idhi chaalaa sudeerghamaina mariyu sramatho kuudina panigaa niroopinchabadindi. athanu french rakshanavaadula teevra satrutvamto poradavalasi vachindi, idhi chakravarthy mariyu athani mantrula vaipu nundi chaalaa gandaragolaniki daariteesindi. intlo aalasyalu, sankochaalu mariyu kuharalu kooda undevi, ivi marinta vivarinchalenivi.
antekakunda, british patrikalaloni oka saktivantamaina vibhagam atanipai teevra himsaku paalpadindi, ayithe french sunkaalalo pratipaadita maarpulaku sambandhinchi athanu edurkovalsina pedda sankhyalo suukshma vivaralu, athani sahanam mariyu parisramapai pannunu kaligi unnaayi, idhi takkuva drudha sankalpam unna vyaktini bhayapettedi. conny migataa anninti kante ekkuva ibbandi kaliginche muulam okati undhi. eee samsthalo paalgonadaaniki aayananu prerepinchina oka balamaina uddesyam emitante, britton mariyu france madhya marinta snehapoorvaka sambandhaalanu yerparachukovalane athani aatruta korika, mariyu iru deshaala madhya saantini debbateestuu, tarachugaa vyaapti chendutunna paraspara asuya mariyu heccharika bhavalanu tolaginchadam. idhi athanu chakravartini mariyu french prabhutva sabhyulanu vaadinchina atyanta saktivantamaina vaadana, mariyu vaaritho athanu atyanta prabhaavavantamgaa bhaavinchaadu. conny athanu charchala madhyalo unnappudu, lard palmerston house off commonslo britton yokka naavikaadala aayudhaagaaraalanu balopetam cheyadaaniki oka charyanu munduku tecchaadu, dheenini athanu fraansku vyatiraekamgaa spashtamgaa nirdesinchina yuddha taraha prasangamlo pravesapettaadu, idhi daadi mariyu daadiki pramaadaaniki muulamgaa, dheeniki vyatiraekamgaa kapadatam avasaram. idhi paarislo chiraaku mariyu agrahanni kaliginchindi, conny cobden sampaadinchina prabhavam mariyu athani chittasuddhipai unna khachitamaina nammakam kaaranamgaa, charchalu bahusha puurtigaa naasanam ayi undevi. ayithe, chivariki, daadaapu pannendu nelala nirantara shrama taruvaata, eee pani november 1860loe puurtayimdi. mister gladstone, "padnaalugu samvatsaraala kritam thana deshaaniki oka sanketha sevanu andinchina yea vyaktikainaa" arudaina "hakku, ippudu mallii, adhe swalpa jeevita kaalamlo, bhoomi ledhaa birudutho alankarinchabadaledu, athanu preminche vyaktula nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki etuvanti gurtunu kaligi laedu, thana saarvabhoumaadhikaariki mariyu thana deshaaniki maroka goppa mariyu chirasmaraneeya seva cheyadaaniki anumatinchabaddaadu."
eee pani mugisina taruvaata rendu deshaala prabhutvaalu kobdenku gowravaalu andinchaayi, adhi aayanaku chaalaa prayojanam kaliginchindi. lard palmerston ataniki baronettini mariyu prevy councillo oka sthaanaanni icchaadu, mariyu french chakravarthy ataniki kontha vishishtamaina gurtunu andinchi undevaadu. conny vilakshanhamaina niswaarthatha mariyu vinayamtho athanu atuvanti gouravalannintini tiraskarinchaadu.
swechhaa vaanijyaanni pempondinchadamlo cobden chesina prayatnaalu ellappuduu atyunnata naitika prayojanaalugaa bhaavinchina vatiki lobadi undevi bhoomipai saantini mariyu maanavulalo sadbhavananu prothsahinchadam. fransto vaanijya oppandaaniki sambandhinchi idhi athani korika mariyu aasha. anduvalla patrikalu mariyu desamloni kontamandi pramukha raajakeeya nayakulu ippatikee churukuga rekettistunna paatha apanammaka bhavananu chuusi ayana teevra niraasaku gurayyaru mariyu baadhapaddaaru. 1862loe ayana "dhi three panix" anae paerutoe thana karapatraanni prachurinchaaru, dheeni lakshyam gatha padihenu ledhaa padahaaru samvatsaraalugaa britton badhapaduthunna french designla gurinchi charitranu kanugonadam mariyu heccharika yokka aaa kaalaanuguna sandarsanala muurkhatvaanni bahirgatam cheyadam.
american poura yuddham.
america samyukta rashtraallo antaryuddham praarambhamavutundani bedirinchinappudu, cobden chaalaa badhapaddadu, conny sangharshana anivaryam ayina taruvaata athani saanubhooti puurtigaa unionku undhi endukante samakhya baanisatvam kosam pooraadutoondi. edemaina, aaa poraatam purogamistunna samayamlo british desham yea anarhamaina maargaaniki kattubadi undakudadanedi athani goppa aandolana. british naukaasrayaala nundi varusaga digbandham rannarlu mariyu confederate vaanijya daadi chesevari nundi samakhyaku sahayam cheyadam dwara united statesku vyatiraekamgaa chesina dopidila phalitamgaa united statesto sambandhaalu vimarsanaatmakamgaa mariyu bhayamkaramgaa maarutunnappudu, yuddhaanantara alabama vaadanalaku daariteese charyalu, athanu arudaina spashtata mariyu shakti prasamgaala varusalo house off commons mundu prasnanu teesukuvacchaadu.
maranam.
aneka samvatsaraalugaa cobden swaasanaalaala chikaku mariyu swaasa teesukovadamlo ibbandi kaaranamgaa antaraalalo teevramgaa baadhapadutuu undedi. eee kaaranamgaa athanu 1860 siitaakaalaanni algerialo gadipadu, prati tadupari sheethaakaalamlo athanu chaalaa jagrattagaa undi, mukhyamgaa tadigaa mariyu pogamanchu vaataavaranamloo intlone undavalasi vachedi. 1865 april 2naa ayana landanlooni thana apartmentlalo saantiyutamgaa maraninchaaru.
marusati roeju lard palmerston matladutu, "ninna udayam jarigina sanghatana valla illu mariyu desham bharinchina goppa nashtanni prati sabhyudu thana manasulo gurthu chesukokunda illu vyapaaraanni konasaginchadam saadhyam kaadu."athanu" house off commons kuu oka aabharanam mariyu inglaandku gouravamgaa unnadu "anie disraili cheppadu."
french corps legislatiflo, vais president kooda, laa rokwetnu balavantamgaa, athani maranaanni prastaavinchaaru, mariyu prati vaipu gourava vyakteekaranalu punaraavrutamayyaayi mariyu prasamsimchabaddaayi. "richard cobden maranam", anie emm. laa roquet, "ingland (yuke) kuu matrame duradrushtam kaadu, france mariyu maanavatvaaniki santaapam kaliginchedi."french videsanga mantri ayina drouin dii luis, athani maranaanni pratyeka pampakaaniki sambandhinchina amsamgaa marcharu, french rayabari prabhutvaaniki" "richard coben maranam, akalamga vilapinchinatlugaa, aangla chaanelku aaa vaipu utsaahaparichina santaapakaramaina saanubhooti mariyu nijamaina jaateeya vicharanni vyaktam cheyaalani koraru"... annintikante minchi, ayana mana drushtilo aaa bhaavaalaku, jaateeya sarihaddulu, satrutvaalu adrushyamayye viswajaneena suutraalaku pratinidhi; mukhyamgaa thana deshaaniki chendina ayana inca ekkuva kaalam unnaaru; prajala sreyassu kosam mana rojullo paraspara sambandhaalu emi saadhinchagalavo aayanaku telusu. naaku alaa cheppadaniki anumati unte, cobden oka antarjaateeya vyakti."kobdennu" "antarjaateeya vyavaharalapai goppa shaastreeya-udaaravaadi aalochanaaparudu" "gaa swechchaavaada mariyu charitrakaarudu ralf raco paerkonnaadu".
april 7naa west sussexloni west lavington charchilo ayana khananam cheyabaddaaru. athani samadhi chuttoo pedda sankhyalo sokasandraalu undevi, vaarilo gladstone, prakaasavantamaina, milner gibson, charless villiers mariyu desamloni anni praantaala nundi vacchina atidheyudu unnaaru. 1866loe, swechhaa vaanijya aardhika saastraanni prothsahinchadaaniki londonlo cobden club sthaapinchabadindi, mariyu aaa vidhamgaane idhi raajakeeya prachaaraaniki kendramgaa maarindi; mariyu oxford mariyu cambridgelo athani paerita bahumatulu sthaapinchabaddaayi.
cobden 1840loe catherine anae villiams anae velsh mahilanu vivaham chesukunnadu, inca aiduguru kumartelu migilipoyaru. veerilo, british udaaravaada raajakeeyavetta ayina jaine, prachuranakarta thamus fisher anvin nuu vivaham chesukunnadu mariyu srimati cobden anvin anie piluvabaddadu; chitrakaarudu walter sickert yokka mugguru bhaaryalalo ellen modativaadu; mariyu annee bookbinder tii nii vivaham chesukunnadu. zhe. sanderson mariyu athanu thana intiperunu thanatho jodinchaaru. 
aaa taruvaata vaaru vividha rangaalalo pramukhulayyaru, vaari tandri raajakeeya aasaktini vaarasatvamgaa pondaaru. athani ekaika kumarudu, cobden yokka varninchaleni dukkaaniki, padihenu samvatsaraala vayassulo, 1856loe maraninchaadu.
vaarasatvam.
alegzander hamilton mariyu friedrich jabita aalochanalapai rakshanavaadaanni samardhinchina british aardhikavettala paatasaala nundi cobden, mariyu "cobdenism" anie pilavabadedi, taruvaata "lices-fair" gaa gurtinchabadindi, idhi chaalaa vimarsalaku guraindi. ayithe, pantommidava sataabdamloo migili unna chaalaa varaku, swechhaa vaanijya udyamamlo ayana vijayam savaalu cheyabadaledu, rakshanavaadam viruddhamgaa maarindi. joseph chamberline praarambhinchina britainlo sunkaala samskarana udyamam maanchesterijaaniki kotta pratyarthulanu teesukuvacchindi, mariyu mottam vishayam marosari vivaadaaspadamaindi. rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata punarnirmaanam samvatsaraalalo antarjaateeya vaanijyamlo prabhutva jokyaniki kotta fyaashan kanipinchindi, conny 1980la nundi, UKloe margaret thatcher (keeth joseph dwara enoch pavel prabhaavamtho) mariyu U. S. loe ronald reegan.ess. pradhana sravanti aardhika aalochanalo kontha prabhavanni kaligi unna "lices-fair" punaruddharanaku daariteesindi.
cobden british charitralo lothaina mudra vaesaadu. ayana "shaastreeya aardhikavetta" kaanappatikee, ayana aalochanalu, pravachanalu chaalaavaraku vaadanalu, drukpathaalanu mundugaane roopondinchaayi, avi taruvaata vidyaaparamaina aardhika saastramlo kanipistaayi. britton prapanchaaniki tayari cheyadam mariyu itara deshaala vyavasaya utpattulanu marpidi chesukovadam "sahajam" anie ayana bhaavinchaaru. aadhunika aardhikavettalu dheenini tulanaatmaka prayojanam anie pilustaaru. aaharaanni choukagaa cheyadame kakunda, parisramanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki, kaarmikulaku prayojanam chekurche mokkajonna chattalanu raddu cheyaalani ayana vaadinchaaru. bhavishyattulo itara deshaalu tayaareeloo britaintho pootii padalevani ayana sarigga chuusaaru. "memu vaadistaamu, kraistava matam yokka atyunnata aadesaalaku aamodayogyamainavi tappa marokati ledhu-choukaina marketlo konugolu cheyadam mariyu priyamaina vaatilo vikrayinchadam" anie ayana annaru."mokkajonna chattalanu raddu chesina taruvaata, british tayari gananeeyamaina utpaadakata perugudalanu chusindi, ayithe digumati pootii kaaranamgaa british vyavasayam chivariki ksheeninchindi. migataa prapancham britton udaaharananu anusarinchaalani ayana grahinchaaruh "meeru mokkajonna-chattalanu nijaayiteegaa raddu chesi, daani saralathatho swechhaa vaanijyaanni avalambiste, airopalo aidella kante takkuva kaalamlo marchabadani sunkam undadu" (janavari 1846). athani cosmopolitanism, idhi cobden pratyarthulalo athanu konchem inglander anae avagahanaku daariteesindi-athanu valasavaadaaniki vyatiraekatanu pempondinchadaaniki daariteesindi. shanti mariyu swechhaa vaanijyam madhya sambandhaanni kooda cobden chusindi. "prajalaku okaritho okaru ekkuva sambandham unnappudu, prabhutvaalu takkuvagaa unnappudu bhoomipai shanti vastundi."videshee deshaalaku sambandhinchi manaku goppa pravartanaa niyamam-mana vaanijya sambandhaalanu vistarinchadamlo-vaaritho saadhyamainanta takkuva raajakeeya sambandhaanni kaligi undatam."
zaan brait mariyu surr luis mallet vanti samakaaleenula inputto raasina zaan morley rachinchina athani jeevita charitra, "richard cobden jeevitam", 1881loe prachurinchabadindi (roberts brothers boston).
1866loe, "deshaala madhya shanti, swechhaa vaanijyam mariyu sadbhavana" nuu prothsahinchadaaniki cobden club sthaapinchabadindi. cobden suutraalaku maddatu ichhe samsthanu korukune thana roachdale seetulo cobden varasudu thamus baelii patter prayatnaala valla idhi jarigindi. 1866 mae 15naa club prarambha samavesam landanlooni reform clublo jarigindi mariyu modati club vindu 1866 juulai 21naa richardmandloni starr und garter hotels jarigindi, dheeniki gladstone adhyakshata vahinchaaru. club prachara prayojanaala kosam swechhaa vaanijya saahityaanni saktivantamgaa vistarinchindi.
1903loe praarambhinchina sunkaala samskarana kosam joseph chamberline pratipaadana, britainlo swechhaa vaanijyam verses rakshanavaadam charchanu punaruddharinchindi. 1904 juun loe landanlooni alegzandra paleslo cobden janma shatabdi sandarbhamgaa 10,000 mandhi prajalu samavesamayyaru. cobden "pantommidava sataabdapu itara vyaktula maadirigaa swechchaayuta vaanijyam yokka nirapaayamaina saktulu kalisi unchina saantiyuta, sampanna prapancha vyavastha yokka udaara drushtini suuchistumdi". eee samavesamlo prasangistuu, udaaravaadi nayakudu surr henry camp bell-bannerman ilaa annaru
eee samavesanni rachinchina vaariki prerana kaliginchina uddesyam rendu retlu. vaari pitarula kaalamlo saanubhootigala hrudayam, ghnaanam, antar drushti, dhairyam mariyu prasamsimchadagina vagdhati vaari kosam goppa vimochananu chesina goppa angleyudi patla tama prasamsalanu mariyu krutagnatanu chuupimchaalani vaaru korukunnaru. ayana bodhinchina siddhaantaalaku kattubadi unnatlu, aaa siddhaantaala shakti, devudu vaariki sahayam chestadane vaari sankalpam balaheenapadakudani kooda vaaru prakatinchaalani korukunnaru. bahusha yea itara vyakti kante ayana vaari kosam geluchukunna vaarasatvaanni taamu gattiga pattukoovaalani bhavistunnamani, mariyu vipareetamaina asamaanatalaku vyatiraekamgaa ayana chesina yuddham yokka falaalanu vaari nundi teelikagaa lakkokudadani vaaru anni purushula drushtilo spashtam cheyadam vaariki mariyu tamaku runapadi undhi. vaaru kobdennu prerepita pravaktagaa prasamsimchadaaniki akkada laeru, conny vaaru athanilo goppa pourudini, goppa raajaneetignudini, goppa deshabhaktudini, goppa mariyu prajaadarana pondina nayakudini chuusaaru... prastuta samayamlo nirlakshyamgaa, nirlakshyamgaa unna vyaktulu mallee erpaatu cheyadaaniki prayatnistunna krutrima aankshalu, addamkulanu tolaginchadamlo cobden thana jeevitaanni gadipadu-vaanijyaaniki matrame kakunda, shanti, manchi sankalpam, paraspara avagahanaku kooda addamkulu; avunu, intlo swechcha, manchi prabhutvaaniki addamkulu. telivaina karmikudu tayaareedaaru ayina cobden vaipu adagani ascharyaanni vyaktam chesina vaaru, athanu prajalaku choukaina aaharam, samruddhiga upaadhini icchaadu, inca chaalaa ekkuva chesadu; athanu varga prabhutvam mariyu varga longubaatu yokka aardhika punaadini paelchaadu anae vaastavaanni vismarinchaaru.
1930 decemberulo, mahaa maandyam samayamlo, stanley baldwyn matladutu, sampradaayavaadulu "gatha taram yokka cobenism nundi vidipovadam dwara mariyu eee deshaanni rakshanavaada praatipadikana unchadam dwara matrame eee desham yokka paarisraamika mariyu aardhika sthithilo edainaa merugudala saadhinchavacchani namme vaarandari jaateeya party" anie annaru. rendu vaaraala taruvaata baldwyn kaarmika prabhutvam saamraajya sadassunu elaa nirvahistundo daadi chesaru "aaa samavesamlo british parisramaku sahayam cheyadaaniki mariyu saamrajyaanni sannihita vaanijya bhaagaswaamyamto bandhinchadaaniki aacharanatmakamgaa edainaa cheyadaaniki prabhutvaaniki adbhutamaina avakaasam labhinchindi. vaaru eee avakaasaanni sadviniyogam chesukovadamlo viphalamayyaru, endukante dominian pratipaadanalanu puraatana mariyu vaadukalo laeni swechhaa vaanijya siddhaantaalatoe rajiparchalekapoyaru ". britton 1932loe swechhaa vaanijyaanni vidichipetti, saadhaarana sunkaanni sweekarinchindi. 1932loe prabhutva khazanaku maajee kaarmika chhaansalar phillip snoden matladutu, cobdenism chanipoyindani cheppadam kante pedda tappu marokati ledani annaru "cobdenism eenaati kante prapanchavyaaptamgaa ennadoo sajeevamgaa ledhu... eee roeju cobden aalochanalu swaarthapuuritha jaateeyavaadaaniki vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatulo unnaayi. vividha roopaalanu teesukunna vaanijya parimitulanu vichchinnam cheyavalasina avasaranni aaa sankellanu visireyalekapoyina vaaru kooda vishwavyaaptamgaa gurtinchaaru ". eff. doubleu. 1941loe, rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo, cobden aalochanalu "marks prakaram 'suvaarta' kuu daadaapu puurti vyatiraekataloe nilustaayi" anie hirst chepparu
cobden yokka antarjaateeya aalochanalu deshabhakti mariyu shanti, vargaala samarasyam, rajyanga paddhatula dwara samskaranalu, purushulu mariyu deshaala madhya sadbhavanapai aadharapadi unnaayi. coben... vyaktigata swechcha mariyu samstha, swechhaa marketlu, abhipraya swechcha mariyu vaanijya swechhanu vishwasinchaaru. [athani] mottam matam carle marks kuu saapamgaa undedi. aayanaku deshabhakti ledhaa desham patla prema anae bhaavam ledhu. anni deshaalalo "sraamika vargam" anie taanu piliche vaarini himsaatmaka viplavam dwara samajanni padagottalani, madhyataragati prajalanu, kaarmikula yajamaanulandarinii naasanam cheyaalani ayana koraru, veerini pettubadidaarulu, baanisa driverluga khandinchaaru. athanu private aastini japthu cheyaalani, kotta niyantrutvam, sraamikavarga niyantrutvaanni demand chesaadu. aadam smith suutraalanu cobden ardham chesukuni, aacharinchinatle, lenin carle marks suutraalanu ardham chesukuni, aacharinchaadu. eee iddaru goppa vyaktulu chanipoyinappatiki matladataru. vaaru raajakeeya aardhika vyavastha, raajakeeya aalochana mariyu maanava samajam anae rendu vyavasthalaku pradhana paatradharulugaa nagarika prapancham mundu nilustaaru... eee yuddham mugisinappudu, britainlo mana patrika mariyu paarlamentu swechchagaa undala, manam nirbandha desamgaa undala, private aasti mariyu podupulanu bhadraparachala ledhaa japthu cheyala, vichaarana lekunda jailulo pettala, ekkada, elaa konugolu chese mariyu vikrayinche hakkunu mallii pondala, kluptamgaa cheppalante, manamu pooliisu prabhutvamloni bureaucracy banisaluga palinchala ledhaa mana empika chesina pratinidhulachae svaechchaayutamaina vyaktulugaa palinchala anedi manam khachitamgaa enchukoovaali. eee sangharshananu richard cobden mariyu carle marks suuchistaaru mariyu vyaktaparustaaru.
kaarmika videsanga karyadarshi ernest bevin 1947 juulai 26naa "manam tirigi cobdenite aardhika vyavasthaku vellalemu" anie annaru. 1966loe kaarmika pradhana mantri harrold willson, mahaa maandyam samayamlo prabhutvam "nirudyogaanni tagginchadaaniki yea vistarana charyanu nirodhinchina" "puriton cobdenism" abhipraayaalanu kaligi unnanduku phillip snodenpy daadi chesaaru.
pradaesaalu.
cobden yokka goppa manavadu, nick cobden-rait, thana maajee illu, dunford house, midhurst (athani kumarte annee, oka soshalistu mariyu ootu hakkudaaruniki kooda illu) nuu daani yajamaanulu, ymca dwara 2019loe ammakam nundi rakshinchadaaniki oka pracharanni praarambhinchaadu. andulo aame 'noo ootu noo toxes' anae pataakam undedi, dheenini aame downing streat nirasanalo pattukunnaru. athani cobden foundation prachaaraaniki emmaline pankhurst manumaralu, helen pankhurst, cbe, itarulu maddatu icchaaru.
cobden, antario, cobden, illinais, cobden, minnesota mariyu cobden, kenadaaloni victoria, yuu.ess. australiaku varusaga richard cobden paeru pettaru
cobe steinham kuu kooda ayana paeru pettaru. newzealand yokka dakshina dveepamlooni kobdenku ayana paeru pettaru
comden pattanamlooni richard cobden praathamika paatasaalaku, landanlooni north kensingtonloni kensal rodloni grade II listed cobden working mens klabku ayana paeru pettaru.
southamptanloni cobden vantenaku ayana paeru pettaru.
darlington, dalton inn furness nottingham, nelson, lancashireloni cobden veedhiki ayana paeru pettaru. bedfordlo cobden square mariyu worthing mariyu midhurst [west sussex] mariyu edinberglo cobden road kooda unnaayi. nottinghamloni cobden veedhi pakkana prakaasavantamaina veedhi kooda undhi. lankashairloni burnleyloo rendu cobden veedhulu unnaayi.
vardhinglooni richard cobden pub kuu athani paeru pettaru mariyu shefieldloni cobden view pub talupu paina athani mukham undhi. west sussexloni cockinglo oka richard cobden pub undedi, idhi moosiveyabadindi mariyu 20va sataabdamloo oka private nivasamga maarindi. chaathamlooni richard cobden pub, kent kuu athani paeru pettaru, taruvaata idhi UK byaand Vlks chae "dhi richard cobden" paataku amsamgaa maarindi. kwari streat, unni, liverpool loe 'dhi cobden' anae paeru gala oka pub kooda undhi, bahya saine bordupai athani chitram undhi.
vigrahalu.
manchesterlo seyint aann squarelo (paina chithreekarinchina) cobden kaamsya vigraham undhi mariyu athani vigraham manchester town haallo undhi.
landanlooni comden pattanamlooni marnington cressent bhoogarbha station dwara squarelo athani vigraham undhi, dheeniki praja chandha dwara nidhulu samakuurutaayi (dheeniki nepolian III sahakarinchaaru). comden hye streetloni cobden pub kuu vigraham paeru pettaru.
pattana punarutpatti pathakamlo bhaagamgaa 2006loe stockport pattana kendramlo unna cobden vigrahanni marcharu, conny ippudu tirigi amarcharu.
west yaarkshairlooni broadford unni marpidi lopala richard cabden vigraham undhi.
naela antastula vampula madhya unni marpidi velupala cabden (migilinavi titus salt, stephenson, vaat, aark rait, jackward, gladstone mariyu pamerston mariyu (byaanku veedhiki edurugaa) raalee, drake, columbus, vantavaadu mariyu aanasan) thoo sahaa pramukha vyaktula chitraalu chekkabaddayi. tower diguvana unna dwaaram pakkane unni kanchelaku pooshakamaina sadhuvu ayina bishop blaise mariyu unni vyapaaraanni baga prothsahinchina moodava edward raaju vigrahalu unnaayi.
1868loe ayana ghnaapakaartham nirminchina oka sthambham paschima sussexloni paschima lavingtonlo undhi. vigraham meeda "swechhaa vaanijyam" anae padaalu unnaayi. deshaala madhya shanti sadbhavana ".
bust.
westminster abbe yokka uttara bhaagam yokka paschima nadavalo oka cobden vigraham undhi.
vividha.
1980la naati american libertarian prachuranakarta ayina cobden press kuu ayana paeru pettaru mariyu eee roeju varaku moorfield story institute yokka mudragaa konasagutondi. kobdenku ferdinand dii lesseps suze kenal company vyavasthapakudigaa paeru pettaru.