
pani marpidi (manastatvasaastram)

task switching ledhaa sett-shifting anedi oka karyanirvahaka vidhi, idhi oka pani mariyu maroka pani madhya "teliyakundaane" drushtini marchagala saamarthyaanni kaligi untundi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, abhignaa maarpu anedi chaalaa saaruupya karyanirvahaka vidhi, conny indulo "chetana" (apasmaraka sthithilo kaadu) drushti maarpu untundi. kalisi, eee rendu vidhulu vistruta abhignaa vasyata bhavana yokka upavargaalu.
pani marpidi anedi oka vyaktini ververu paristhitulaku vaegamgaa mariyu samarthavantamgaa anugunamgaa undataaniki anumatistundi. dheenini tarachugaa abhignaa mariyu prayogaatmaka manastatvavettalu adhyayanam chestaaru, mariyu wisconsin card sarting pareeksha vanti panulanu upayoginchi prayogaatmakamgaa pareekshinchavacchu. parkinsons vyaadhi unna rogulalo mariyu autism spectrum unnavaarilo task switchinglo lopaalu saadhaaranamgaa gamaninchabadataayi.
nepathyam mariyu charitra.
maanava pravartana mariyu ghnaanam anedi shraddha, charya ledhaa rendintiloonuu, oka dynamic vaataavaranaaniki anugunamgaa unde saamarthyam dwara vargeekarinchabadutundi. gercilled (1927) dwara task switching namuunaanu modatisaari upayoginchinappati nundi drushtini mariyu charyanu anukuulamgaa marchagala eee saamarthyam prayogasaalalo parisoedhimchabadimdi. eee namuunaa, pratyaamnaaya ledhaa punaraavruta kramamlo nirvahinchaalsina saralamaina, inca nimagnamaina paraspara karyakalapala samitini puurti cheyadaaniki vishayalanu avasaram cheyadam dwara pani maarpu kosam manasika vanarulanu punarnirminche niyantrana prakriyalanu pariseelistundi.
marpidi kharchu.
oka pani nundi maroka paniki maaradam avasaramainappudu eee panulapai paniteeru antaraayam kaligistundi. eee antaraayam anedi oka trial loe icchina pani meeda nemmadigaa paniteeru mariyu khachitatvam taggadam dwara vargeekarinchabadutundi, idhi maroka task bii ("alternating" ledhaa "switch" trial) paniteerunu anusaristundi, idhi task eah ("repeat" trial) yokka maroka trialnu anusarinchinappudu task eah paie paniteeruku viruddhamgaa untundi. pani punaraavrutam (a-a) mariyu pani switch (a-b) madhya khachitatvam mariyu paniteerulo vyatyaasaanni switch kharchu antaaru. raboye switch gurinchi taginanta heccharika unnappudu kooda switch kharchu untundi, anduvalla idhi drushtini marchadam, lakshyanni tirigi pondadam, task sett punarnirmaana prakriyalu mariyu mundastu task sett yokka nirodham nundi aneka karyanirvahaka niyantrana prakriyala paniteerunu pratibimbistumdani bhaavistunnaaru.
rosers und mansel (1995) pratyaamnaaya-pani vidhanam.
eee namuunaa punaraavrutam mariyu pratyaamnaaya pareekshalalo prosessing okate anie bhaavinchindi, conny marpidi prakriya kosam. rosers und mansel (1995) pratyaamnaaya pareekshalu pani ghnaapakasaktipai ekkuva demandlanu unchutaayani suuchimchaaru, endukante subjectlu pratyaamnaaya pareekshalapai rendu panulanu gurthunchukovali, conny punaraavruta pareekshalapai okati matrame. eee samasyalanu adhigaminchadaaniki, pratyaamnaaya-runn vidhanam pravesapettabadindi, dheenilo vividha panula yokka swalpa parugula madhya pratyaamnaaya vishayalu (udhaa.zii., abbab). punaraavruttulu parugula lopala jarugutaayi (udhaa.zii., aa, bb), mariyu parugu madhya pratyaamnaayaalu sambhavistaayi (e.zii., abb, baa). memory load mariyu paryaveekshanha kosam avasaram punaraavruttulu mariyu pratyaamnaayaalaku oke vidhamgaa untundi.
task sett.
oka panini nirvahinchadaaniki samarthavanthamaina uddesamgaa oka pani samiti nirvachinchabadindi, idhi okari manasika sthithini (udhaa.zii. shraddha) pani dwara korina nirdishta kaaryakalaapaalaku anugunamgaa undaali. eee task setlanu nirvachinchadaaniki upayoginchina panulalo sankhyalu, aksharalu ledhaa chihnala vargeekarana; rangulu ledhaa padaala gurtimpu (udhaa.zii., strop effect stimulini upayoginchi); sthaana teerpulu; ardha mariyu episodic memory panulu; mariyu ankaganita samasyalu.
siddhaantaalu.
prosessing yokka karyanirvahaka niyantrana.
task-sett punarnirmaanam.
eee siddhaantam task sett amalu cheyabadina tarvaata, adhi kotta panini samarpinchinappudu marchabade varaku icchina kriyaaseelata sthithilo untundani bhaavistundi. tatphalitamgaa, pratipaadakulu vaadistaaru, pani pratyaamnaayaala kosam sambandhita panini amalu cheyadaaniki abhignaa vyavasthanu punarnirminche antarjanita, karyanirvahaka niyantrana prakriya nundi marpidi kharchulu talettutaayi.
svayamchaalaka prakriyalu.
task-sett jadatvam.
jokyam edurkonadamlo pravartanaa sthirathvaanni saadhinchadaaniki, balamgaa sakriyam cheyabadina task setlu avasaram. ayithe, balamgaa activate cheyabadina task setlanu kooda tolaginchadam chaalaa kashtam. tatphalitamgaa, task setlu kalakramena konasaagutaayi mariyu kotta task sett configurationla sthaapanalo mundugaane jokyam chesukuntaayi (kriyaaseela jokyam chudandi). oka pani yokka iteevali paniteeru nundi memarylo task setla yokka eee avashesha kriyaaseelata swachchanda niyantranaku minchina kotta panini cheyadampai svayamchaalaka prabhaavaalaku dohadam chestundi. udaaharanaku, takkuva sadhana chese panulaku memarylo ekkuva maddatu avasaramani pratipaadinchabadindi, idhi ekkuva task sett jadatvaaniki daariteestundi mariyu tadwara takkuva sadhana chese pani nundi maarutunnappudu ekkuva switch kharchulaku daariteese marinta churukaina jokyanni utpatti chestundani bhaavistunnaaru. kriyaaseela ledhaa nishkriyaatmaka prakriyalu task-sett jadatvaanni adhigamistaya anie bhavishyat parisoedhana nirnayinchaali.
task-sett nirodham.
panula madhya maaradaaniki kotta panini puurti cheyadaaniki anumatinchadaaniki kevalam puurti chesina panini anachiveyaalsina avasaram undani nokki chebutundi. siddhaantaaniki maddatu anedi parisoedhana nundi vastundi, idhi oka madhyantara pani tarvaata oka paniki tirigi vachinappudu moodu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva, varusalo ververu panulanu puurti chesinappudu kante ekkuva pratispandana samayaalanu gamaninchindi-kriyaaseelata siddhaantaalaku vyatiraekamgaa balamaina sakshyam. udaaharanaku, a, b, mariyu c panulaku moodava paniki pratispandana samayalu a-b-a kramam vishayamlo c-b-a kramam kante nemmadigaa untaayi. eee nirodhaka prakriya priming phalitam kaadani, kabatti idhi svayamchaalaka prakriya kaadani prayogaala shrenilo choopabadindi. sudeergha kyuu-stimulus viraamaala tarvaata kooda sambhavinche avashesha kharchulaku asampoorna nirodham baadhyata vahistundani bhaavistaaru.
task-sett priming.
chaalaa task-switching prayogaalu rendu panulaku oke uddeepananu upayogistaayi (udhaa.zii. sthaana teerpu panula kosam chitraalu ledhaa ardha teerpu panula kosam padaalu), kabatti prastuta uddeepanalu munupati panini pradhanamgaa (marinta andubaatulo unchavacchu) cheyavachu. tatphalitamgaa, vividha panulalo oke uddeepananu edurkovadam valana abhignaa kharchulu utpatti avtayi, mariyu pradhanamgaa eee kharchulu marpidi kharchula dwara kolavabadavacchu. konni sandarbhaallo pani marpidi kharchulanu tolaginchadaaniki saadhyamayye prati paniki sambandhinchi uddeepanala yokka spashtata (mariyu pratispandanala yokka ativyaapti kaani) saripotundani adhyayanalu kanugonnayi. kriyaaseela ledhaa nishkriyaatmaka prakriyalu task-sett primingnu adhigamistaya anie nirnayinchadam bhavishyat parisoedhanaku oka mukhyamaina savaalu.
switch kharchu.
marpidi kharchulanu anveshinchadaaniki spashtamaina pani.
pani marpidi yokka samaya gamananni parisoedhinchadaaniki spashtamaina task-quing vidhanam abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. yea panini cheyaalo soochinche kyuu yokka pradarsana mariyu lakshya uddeepana yokka pradarsana madhya viramam paniteerupai andubaatulo unna prosessing samayam yokka prabhavanni pradarsinchadaaniki taarumaaru cheyavachu.
rendu namuunaalu marpidi kharchulapai suuchanala prabhavalanu vivaristaayi.
task-switching modal.
eee task-switching modal karyanirvahaka niyantrana paatranu poeshistumdi. kyuu punaraavrutamaite, kaaryanirvahakulu aemee cheyaru, mariyu munupati vichaarana nundi nirdesinchina paniki anugunamgaa lakshyam proses cheyabadutundi. kyuu pratyamnaayamgaa unte, executive lakshyanni proses cheyadaaniki mundu panulanu maarustundi. maaradaaniki samayam padutundi mariyu marpidi kharchunu srushtistundi. kyuu punaraavruttulu mariyu pani punaraavruttulaku samaana pratispandana samayalu (rts), mariyu pani pratyaamnaayaalaku nemmadigaa rts anchanaa vestundi endukante idhi pani switchlu vaastavaaniki sambhavinche ekaika paristhiti.
sammelanam-prerana namuunaa.
eee namuunaa karyanirvahaka niyantrananu teesukodu. kyuu mariyu lakshyam samyuktamgaa prati vichaaranalo oka pratyaekamaina pratispandananu paerkontaayi, kabatti subjectlu kyuu mariyu lakshyanni encode cheyavachu mariyu sammelanamtho anubandhinchabadina pratispandananu enchukovachhu. pani marpidi avasaram ledhu. pratyaamnaaya pareekshala kante punaraavruta pareekshala samayamlo sankethaalu vaegamgaa encode cheyabadataayi endukante punaraavrutam valla encoding prayojanaalu untaayi. switch kharchulu tadwara punaraavruta pareekshalapai encoding prayojanaalanu pratibimbistaayi, pani marpidi kaadu, kabatti idhi pani punaraavruttula kante kyuu punaraavruttulaku vegavantamaina pratispandana samayaalanu anchanaa vestundi, mariyu pani punaraavruttulu mariyu pani pratyaamnaayaalaku samanamga untundi.
prayogaatmaka sakshyam.
karyanirvahaka niyantrana kosam maddatu ledhu.
rendu namuunaalanu vaeru cheyadaaniki, prayogaalu moodu rakaala pareekshalatoo prati paniki rendu suuchanalanu upayoginchaayih kyuu punaraavruttulu, dheenilo prastuta kyuu munupati kyuu maadirigaane untundi; task repeatlu, dheenilo prastuta kyuu munupati kyuu nundi bhinnamgaa untundi conny adhe panini perkontundi; mariyu task alternations, dheenilo prastuta kyuu munupati kyuu nundi bhinnamgaa untundi mariyu vaerae panini perkontundi. 
dayta kyuu punaraavruttulu mariyu pani punaraavruttula (adhe pani, vibhina kyuu) madhya pedda praticharya samaya vyatyaasaalanu choopinchindi, mariyu pani punaraavruttulu mariyu pani pratyaamnaayaala madhya athi takkuva thedaalu, sammelanam-prerana namuunaaku anugunamgaa unnaayi. anduvalla, spashtamaina task-quing vidhaanamlo gamaninchina switch kharchulu karyanirvahaka prakriyalanu pratibimbimchakapoevachchu.
bahya linkulu.
"saitool kitt" (uchita software) rosers mariyu monsel (1995) pratyaamnaaya-pani vidhanam aadhaaramgaa web aadhaarita pani marpidi kolatanu andistundi.

