
proteinlatho jeeva padaarthaala uparitala maarpu

jeeva padaarthaalu anevi jeeva vyavasthalatho sambandhamlo upayoginche padaarthaalu. jeeva anukuulata mariyu loha, polymeric mariyu syramic jeeva padaarthaala prastuta upayogaalato uparitala savarana yokka vartimpu kaavalasina parikaram yokka pedda lakshanaalanu nilupukuntuu jeeva vaataavaranamloo paniteerunu meruguparachadaaniki lakshanaala maarpunu anumatistundi.
uparitala maarpulo paramaanu, cellular mariyu kanajaala sthaayila vadda jeeva padaartham mariyu saareeraka vaataavaranam madhya bhouthika rasayana paraspara charyala praathamika amsaalu untaayi (bacteria samshlaeshanhanu tagginchadam, kana samshlaeshanhanu prothsahinchadam). prastutam, aneka biomedical parishkaralalo biometerials yokka lakshanaala mariyu uparitala savarana mariyu praathamika bhavanala yokka upayogakaramaina anuvartanaala yokka vividha paddhatulu unnaayi.
function.
uparitala savarana yokka pani emitante, asalu padaartham yokka kaaryaacharananu meruguparachadaaniki uparitalaala bhouthika mariyu rasayana lakshanaalanu marchadam. vividha rakaala biometerials (seramics, polymerlu, lohaalu, misramaalu) yokka protein uparitala savarana chivariki padaartham yokka biocompatibilityni penchadaaniki mariyu nirdishta anuvartanaala kosam bioactive materialga sankarshana chendadaaniki nirvahinchabadutundi. implant cheyagala vaidya parikaraalanu (pays makerlu mariyu stents vantivi) abhivruddhi chese vividha biomedical anuvartanaallo, oka nirdishta padaarthamthoo proteinla uparitala lakshanaalu/paraspara charyalanu biocompatibilityki sambandhinchi moolyaankanam cheyali, endukante idhi jeeva pratispandananu nirnayinchadamlo pradhana paatra poeshistumdi. udaaharanaku, oka padaartham yokka uparitala hydrophobicity ledhaa hydrophylicityni maarchavacchu. saareeraka vaataavaranam mariyu uparitala padaartham madhya injaneering jeeva anukuulata kotta vaidya utpattulu, padaarthaalu mariyu adanapu jeeva kriyaatmakatatoo shastrachikitsa vidhaanaalanu anumatistundi.
uparitala maarpunu vividha paddhatula dwara cheyavachu, veetini moodu pradhana samuuhaala dwara vargeekarinchavachuh bhouthika (bhouthika shoshana, langmuir bloodjet film), rasayana (balamaina aamlaala dwara aakseekarana, ojon chikitsa, rasayana shoshana mariyu jwaala chikitsa) mariyu vikiranam (glo utsarga, carona utsarga, photo activation (yuvi), lazer, ayan punjam, plasma immersion ayan implantation, electron beam lithography mariyu γ-radiation).
jeevasambandhamaina samarasyam.
biomedical drukpathamlo, biocompatibility anedi oka nirdishta applicationlo tagina host pratispandanato pradarsinchagala padaartham yokka saamarthyam. idhi vishapuuritam kaadani, asaadhaarana kanajaala nirmaanamtho deerghakaalika shotha pratispandana vanti etuvanti prerita pratikuula praticharyalu levani, mariyu sahetukamaina jeevitakaalam kosam sarigga panicheyadaaniki roopondinchabadindi. idhi jeeva padaarthaala avasaram, dheenilo uparitala savarinchina padaartham atidheyi kii etuvanti haani kaliginchadu, mariyu atidheyi dwara padaartham kooda haani kaliginchadu. chaalaa synthetic biometerials sahaja kanajaalam yokka bhouthika lakshanaalanu kaligi unnappatikee, avi tarachugaa raktam gaddakattadam, vaapu mariyu sankramana vanti ananukoola saareeraka praticharyaku daariteestaayi.
biointegration anedi antima lakshyam, udaaharanaku keella implantlu, manchi bio compatibility paristhitulalo krutrima implanted material mariyu emuka kanajaalaala madhya puurti fusiontho emukalu yaantrikamgaa ghana interfacenu sthaapistaayi. oka padaartham yokka uparitalaanni savarinchadam daani jeeva anukuulatanu meruguparustundi mariyu daani sthuula lakshanaalanu marchakunda cheyavachu. uparitala poralu jeevaavaranamtho bhouthika rasayana sambandhamlo unnanduna jeevapadaarthaalalo atyanta eguva paramaanu porala lakshanaalu keelakam.
inca, konni jeevapadaarthaalu manchi jeeva anukuulatanu kaligi unnappatikee, idhi dharinche nirodhakata, tuppu nirodhaka ledhaa thema ledhaa saralata vanti paelavamaina yaantrika ledhaa bhouthika lakshanaalanu kaligi undavacchu. eee sandarbhaalalo, uparitala savarana anedi oka mishrama poranu roopondinchadaaniki puuta poranu jama cheyadaaniki ledhaa uparitalamtho kalapadaniki upayoginchabadutundi.
sell antukune.
proteins amaino aamlaala yokka vividha shrenulatho tayaaravutaayi kabatti, aneka paramaanu bandhaala dwara nadiche daani nirmaana aakaram maaravacchu kabatti proteins vividha vidhulanu kaligi untaayi. amaino aamlalu dhruva, dhruvarahita, saanukuula ledhaa pratikuulamgaa charge cheyabadina vividha lakshanaalanu pradarsistaayi, ivi ververu side chainlanu kaligi undatam dwara nirnayinchabadataayi. anduvalla, vividha proteinlatho anuvula anubandham, udaaharanaku, arjinin-glycine-aspertate (argedy) shrenulanu kaligi unnavi kanajaala paranjala uparitalaanni savaristaayani mariyu daani saareeraka vaataavaranamloo unchinappudu kana samslaeshanha merugupadutundani bhaavistunnaaru. uparitalampai 2dii ledhaa 3dii namuunaala kriyaatmaka samuuhaala attachment dwara uparitalam yokka adanapu maarpulu undavacchu, tadwara kana amarika maarganirdesam cheyabadutundi mariyu kotta kanajaala nirmaanam merugupadutundi.
biomedical materials.
paina perkonna konni uparitala savarana paddhatulu mukhyamgaa konni vidhulu ledhaa rakaala padaarthaala kosam upayoginchabadataayi. plasma immersion ayan implantation yokka prayojanaallo okati chaalaa padaarthaalaku chikitsa chese saamarthyam. ayan implantation anedi jeeva padaarthaala uparitala lakshanaalanu meruguparachadaaniki upayoginche samarthavanthamaina uparitala chikitsa saanketikata. plasma savarana yokka pratyeka prayojanam emitante, uparitala lakshanaalu mariyu jeeva anukuulatanu empikagaa meruguparachavacchu, ayithe balam vanti padaarthaala anukuulamaina pedda lakshanaalu maaravu. mottammeeda, sanklishta aakaaramtho vaidya implantlanu savarinchadaaniki idhi oka prabhaavavantamaina paddhati. plasma savarananu upayoginchi uparitala kaaryaacharanalanu marchadam dwara, saraina uparitalam, rasayana mariyu bhouthika lakshanaalanu pondavacchu.
plasma immersion implantation anedi polymerlu vanti takkuva draveebhavana binduvu padaarthaalaku anuvaina saanketikata, mariyu pinn hole rahita poralu mariyu uparitalaala madhya samshlaeshanhanu meruguparachadaaniki vistrutamgaa aamodinchabadindi. jeevasambandhamaina samarasyam, tuppu nirodhakata mariyu vividha rakaala jeevavaidyasambandhamaina sannani poralu, natrajani, calcium mariyu sodiyam vanti vividha jeevasaastraparamgaa mukhyamaina muulakaalatoe vaatini amarchadam vanti jeevasambandhamaina padaarthaala lakshanaalanu meruguparachadam antima lakshyam. titanium oxide, titanium nitride mariyu diamond lanty carbon vanti vividha sannani poralu gatamlo chikitsa cheyabaddaayi, mariyu biomedical implantlalo upayoginche konni prastuta padaarthaalatho poliste proses cheyabadina padaartham merugaina jeeva anukuulatanu pradarsistundani phalitaalu chuupistunnaayi. fabricated sannani poralu yokka jeeva anukuulatanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki, vividha inn vitro jeeva paryaavaranam nirvahinchaalsina avasaram undhi.
jeevasambandhamaina pratispandana.
implantnu adanapu-kana maatrika proteinlalo poosinatlayithe roganirodhaka vyavastha bhinnamgaa pratispandistundi. implant chuttoo unna proteins sahaja roganirodhaka vyavastha nundi implantnu "daachadaaniki" upayogapadataayi. ayithe, implant allergy proteinlalo pooyabadi unte, roogi yokka anukuula roganirodhaka pratispandana praarambhinchabadavachchu. atuvanti pratikuula roganirodhaka pratispandananu nivaarinchadaaniki, roganirodhaka saktini tagginche mandulu suuchimchabadavachchu ledhaa autologus kanajaalam protein puutanu utpatti cheyavachu.
teevramaina pratispandana.
choppinchina ventane, implant (mariyu shastrachikitsa nundi kanajaalam debbatinadam) teevramaina vaapuku daariteestundi. teevramaina vaapu yokka praamaanika sankethaalu erupu, vaapu, vaedi, noppi mariyu paniteeru kolpovadam. kanajaala nashtam nundi raktasraavam gaddakattadaaniki daariteestundi, idhi gupta maast kanaalanu prerepistundi. maast kanaalu rakta naalaala endotheliumnu sakriyam chese chemokinlanu vidudala chestaayi. rakta naalaalu vistarinchi, leekejeegaa marutayi, teevramaina vaaputo sambandham unna erupu mariyu vaapunu utpatti chestaayi. sakriyam cheyabadina endothelium rakta plasma mariyu macrophaselatho sahaa tella rakta kanaala vistarananu anumatistundi, ivi implantku badilee avtayi mariyu daanini jeevasambandham kaniviga gurtistaayi. macrophaselu bahya sariiraanni edurkovadaniki aakseekarana kaarakaalanu vidudala chestaayi. antioxidantlu sariiraanni naasanam cheyadamlo viphalamaithe, deerghakaalika vaapu praarambhamavutundi.
deerghakaalika pratispandana.
ksheeninchani padaarthaala amarika chivariki deerghakaalika vaapu mariyu peechu gulika erpadataaniki daariteestundi. vyadhikaaraka kaarakaalanu naasanam cheyadamlo viphalamaina macrophaselu vileenam ayyi implantnu nirbandhinche videshee-shareera diggajam kanaanni yerparustaayi. adhika sthaayi aakseekaranalu fibroblastlanu collagen sravinchadaaniki kaaranamavutaayi, implant chuttoo fibrus kanajaala poranu yerparustaayi.
extra cellular matricks proteinlatho implantnu puuyadam dwara, macrophaselu implantnu jeevasambandham kaanidigaa gurtinchalevu. implant appudu hostto nirantara paraspara charya cheyagala saamarthyam kaligi untundi, chuttupakkala kanajaalaanni vividha phalitaala vaipu prabhaavitam chestundi. udaaharanaku, implant anedi angiogenic aushadhaalanu sravinchadam dwara vaidyamnu meruguparachavacchu.
fabrication technics.
bhouthika maarpu.
bhouthika sthireekarana antey kevalam oka padaarthaanni biomematic padaarthamthoo puuta puuyadam, rendinti nirmaanaanni marchakunda. kotta kanajaala nirmaanam mariyu kana perugudalanu nirdesinchadaaniki kana antukune proteinlatho (collagen ledhaa laminin vantivi) vividha biomematic padaarthaalanu vitrolo upayoginchaaru. protein-puuta uparitalaalapai kanaala samslaeshanha mariyu vistarana chaalaa merugga jarugutundi. ayithe, proteins saadhaaranamgaa verucheyabadinanduna, idhi roganirodhaka pratispandananu pondhe avakaasam ekkuvagaa untundi. saadhaaranamgaa, rasayana shaastra lakshanaalanu parigananaloki teesukoovaali.
rasayana maarpu.
kshaara jalavisleshana, samayojaneeya sthireekarana mariyu tadi rasayana paddhati anevi uparitalaanni rasaayanikamgaa savarinche aneka margalalo moodu matrame. uparitalam uparitala kriyaaseelatatoo siddham cheyabadindi, ikkada proteinlatho merugga pratispandinchadaaniki palimarpai aneka kaaryaacharanalu unchabadataayi. kshaara jalavisleshanhalo, chinna protaanlu polymer golusula madhya vyaapistaayi mariyu uparitala jalavislaeshanhaku kaaranamavutaayi, idhi ester bandhaalanu cheelchivestundi. idhi proteinlaku jatacheyagala carboxyl mariyu hydroxyl functionalityla erpadataaniki daariteestundi. samayojaneeya sthireekaranalo, proteinla chinna sakalaalu ledhaa chinna peptidelu uparitalamtho bandhinchabadataayi. peptides chaalaa sthiramgaa untaayi mariyu eee paddhati jeeva anukuulatanu meruguparustundani adhyayanalu choopinchaayi. tadi rasayana paddhati protein sthireekarana yokka ishtapade paddhatullo okati. rasayana jaatulu oka sendriya draavanamloo karigipotayi, ikkada polymer yokka hydrophobic swabhaavaanni tagginchadaaniki praticharyalu jarugutaayi. bhouthika adhishoshana kante rasayana maarpulalo uparitala sthirathvam ekkuvagaa untundi. idhi kanaala perugudala mariyu saareeraka dravam pravaham vaipu adhika jeeva anukuulatanu kooda andistundi.
photochemical savarana.
biometerials yokka photochemical savarananu upayoginchi palimarlapai biomoleculesnu grafting chese vijayavantamaina prayatnaalu jarigaayi. eee paddhatulu rasayana bandhaalanu vichchinnam cheyadaaniki mariyu free raadikalsnu vidudala cheyadaaniki adhika shakti gala photaanlanu (saadhaaranamgaa yuvi) upayogistaayi. biometerial yokka uparitala chaarjnu anukuulamgaa marchadam dwara protein samshlaeshanhanu prothsahinchavachhu. merugaina protein samslaeshanha host mariyu implant madhya merugaina ekikaranaku daariteestundi. maa mariyu itarulu. vividha uparitala samuuhaalaku kana samshlaeshanhanu polchi choosthe, oh mariyu konh2 kooh kante plla vettabilitiini meruguparichaayani kanugonnaru.
biometerial yokka uparitalampai musugunu vartimpajeyadam anedi empika chesina uparitala maarpunu anumatistundi. UV kaanti chochukupoye praantaalu kanaalu aaa praantaaniki marinta anukuulamgaa kattubadi unde vidhamgaa savarinchabadataayi.
saadhinchagala kaneesa lakshana parimaanam eee krindi vidhamgaa ivvabadindi
ekkada
suutram _ 2 anedi kaneesa lakshana parimaanam
suutram _ 3 (saadhaaranamgaa "k1 karakam" anie pilustaaru) anedi prakriya-sambandhita kaarakaalanu pondupariche gunakam, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa utpattiki 0.40 kuu samanam.
suutram _ 4 anedi upayoginchina kaanti yokka tarangadairghyam
suutram _ 5 anedi pora nundi kanipinche lens yokka sankhya eparcharu
eee sameekaranam prakaram, tarangadairghyaanni tagginchadam dwara mariyu sankhya randhraanni penchadam dwara ekkuva spashtatanu pondavacchu.
misramaalu mariyu graft nirmaanam.
graft nirmaanam entha glycolic aamlam mariyu lactic aamlam jodinchabadutundane nishpatti dwara padaartham yokka mottam hydrophylicityni meruguparustundi. block polymer ledhaa plaga, glycolic aamlam mottaanni niyantrinchadam dwara uparitalam yokka hydrophobicityni taggistundi. ayithe, idhi padaartham yokka hydrophilic dhoranini penchadu. brush graftinglo, alkahal ledhaa hydroxyl samuuhaalanu kaligi unna hydrophilic paalimarlanu photopolymerisation dwara uparitalaalapai unchutaaru.
plasma chikitsa.
plasma paddhatulu mukhyamgaa upayogapadataayi endukante avi athi sannani (konni nm), anugunyamaina, anukuulamaina puutalu jama cheyagalavu. glo utsarga plasma anedi takkuva peedana vaayuvutho vaakyuumnu nimpadam dwara srushtinchabadutundi (udhaa. orgaon, ammonia ledhaa oxygen). appudu vayuvu microwave ledhaa current upayoginchi uttejitamavutundi, idhi daanini ayaneekaranam chestundi. ayaneekaranam cheyabadina vayuvu adhika vegamtho uparitalampai visiriveyabadutundi, ikkada bhouthikamgaa mariyu rasaayanikamgaa utpatti cheyabadina shakti uparitalaanni maarustundi. maarpulu sambhavinchina tarvaata, ayaneekaranam cheyabadina plasma vayuvu uparitalamtho pratispandinchi, protein samshlaeshanhaku siddhamgaa undela chestundi. ayithe, adhika mottamlo shakti kaaranamgaa uparitalaalu yaantrika balam ledhaa itara swaabhaavika lakshanaalanu kolpovachhu.
phalitamgaa vachhe jeeva padaartham yokka tudi anuvartanaanni batti proteinlanu sthiramgaa sthireekarinchadaaniki aneka plasma aadhaarita saanketikatalu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. smart bioactive uparitalaalanu utpatti cheyadaaniki eee saanketikata saapekshamgaa vegavantamaina vidhanam.
applications.
emuka kanajaalam.
extra-cellular matricks (ii. sii. emm) proteins emukala nirmaanam prakriyanu baga nirdesistaayi-osteogenitor kanaala anubandham mariyu vistarana, osteoblastlaku bhedam, matricks nirmaanam mariyu khanijeekarana. emuka perugudalanu prothsahinchadaaniki emuka-sparsha parikaraala kosam emuka maatrika proteinlatho jeeva padaarthaalanu roopondinchadam prayojanakaramgaa untundi. osteoblast bhedam mariyu merugaina emuka punarutpattini prerepinchadaaniki hydroxypatite/β-trichylisium fasfate vanti syramic padaarthaala uparitalamlo osteoinductive peptidelanu samayojaneeyamgaa mariyu disaatmakamgaa sthireekarinchadam kooda saadhyame. 
argedy peptides titanium implantlu, polymeric padaarthaalu mariyu gajupai osteoblastla attachment mariyu valasanu penchutundani choopabadindi. kana poralooni anuvula dwara gurtinchagala itara antukune peptidelu kooda emuka-utpanna kanaala bandhaanni prabhaavitam chestaayi. mukhyamgaa, fibronectinloni heparin binding domine osteogenic kanaalatoe nirdishta paraspara charyalo churukuga paalgontundi. heparin binding domainlatho savarana endothelial kanaalu mariyu fibroblastla attachmentnu prabhaavitam cheyakunda osteoblastla bindingnu penche saamarthyaanni kaligi untundi. adanamgaa, emuka marphogenic protein kutumbamloni perugudala karakalu emuka nirmaanaanni prerepinchadaaniki mukhyamaina polypeptides. implantla austiointegration meruguparachadaaniki eee vruddhi karakalu padaarthaalaku samayojaneeyamgaa kattubadi undavacchu.
naadii kanajaalam.
paridheeya naadii vyavastha debbatinadaaniki saadhaaranamgaa naraala kanajaalam yokka autograft dwara chikitsa chestaaru, idhi oka antaraanni taggistundi. eee chikitsaku naadii kanajaalam yokka vijayavantamaina punarutpatti avasaram; distal stumpto anusandhanam cheyadaaniki oxanlu jokyam lekunda sameepa stump nundi peragali. neural guidense chhaanals (enn. zii. sii), kotta oxanla perugudalaku oka vahakamga roopondinchabaddaayi mariyu eee kanajaalaala bhedam mariyu marphogenesis naadii kanaalu mariyu chuttupakkala ecm madhya paraspara charya dwara prabhaavitamavutundi. neural kanaala anubandhamlo protein oka mukhyamaina ecm protein anie laminin adhyayanalu choopinchaayi. lemininloni mukhyamaina shrenulu ayina penta-peptide yigsr mariyu ikwav, kanaala praadaesika vyavasthanu niyantrinche saamardhyamtho naadii kanaala anubandhaanni penchutaayani choopabadindi.
hridaya kanajaalam.
stents ledhaa krutrima vascular grafts vanti hridayanaala parikaraalu parikaram bharti cheyadaaniki upayogapade nirdishta kanajaala praantam yokka lakshanaalanu anukarinchadaaniki roopondinchadam mukhyam. thrombogenesityni tagginchadaaniki, uparitalaalu fibronectin mariyu peptides kaligina argedy thoo puuyabadataayi, idhi endothelial kanaala attachmentnu prothsahistundi. peptides yigr mariyu redvi kooda endothelial kanaala attachment mariyu vyaaptini penchutundani mariyu chivariki implant yokka thrombogenesityni taggistundani choopabadindi. 

