gurram injin

nait injin anedi american charless yael nait (1868-1940) roopondinchina antargata dahana yantram, idhi marinta saadhaarana papet valve nirmaanaaniki badulugaa sleeve valvesnu upayogistundi.
chivariki eee enginelu samyukta rashtraallo atyadhika parimaanamlo tayaaru cheyabadinappatiki, ingland loe abhivruddhi dwara nait yokka roopakalpana vaanijyaparamgaa vijayavantamaindi. french vaaru itara deshaala kante gurram engineku marinta teevramaina abhivruddhini icchaaru. chivariki kaneesam enimidi deshaalalo gurrapu petentlu jaarii cheyabaddaayi mariyu vaastavaaniki sumaru muppai samsthalu nirminchaayi.
charitra.
modata gurram exast mariyu inlet portulanu teravadaaniki mariyu muusivaeyadaaniki mottam injin cylindernu parasparam maarchadaaniki prayatninchindi. athanu eee erpaatuku patent pondinappatikee, double sliding sleeve suutraaniki anukuulamgaa ventane daanini vidichipettadu. chikago vyavasthaapakudu ell.bii. kilborne, oka prayogaatmaka yantram yantram illinayisloni ook paarkulo nirminchabadindi. nirminchabadindi ohiyoloni elrialo oka namuunaa kathinamaina pareekshallo uttiirnata saadhinche varaku parisoedhana mariyu abhivruddhi konasaagindi. aacharaneeyamaina injinnu (sumaru $150,000 vyayamtho) abhivruddhi chesina taruvaata, nait mariyu kilborne 1906 chikago auto sholo puurti "sailent nait" touring kaarunu chuupimchaaru. 4-cylinder injinto amarchabadina eee kaaru dhara 3,500 dollarlu.
gurram injin.
gurram yokka roopakalpanalo cylinderku rendu cast-iron sleevelu untaayi, konni namoonaalalo kaamsyam, marokati lopaliki jaarutuu, lopali sleeve lopala pistantho untundi. sleevelu oka asaadhaarana shaft dwara prerepinchabadina chinna connecting raadla dwara nirvahinchabadataayi mariyu vaati eguva chivarlalo portlanu kattiristaayi. cylinder head ("junk head" anie pilustaaru) anedi oka sthiramaina, viloma piston laantidi, daani swantha valayalu lopali sleeve lopala krindiki untaayi. prati cylinderku talalu vyaktigatamgaa vaeru cheyabadataayi. design chaalaa nissabdamgaa untundi mariyu sleeve kavaataalaku takkuva shraddha avasaram. ayithe, sleevela uparitalaalapai khachitamaina grounding avasaram kabatti dheenini tayaaru cheyadam marinta khareedainadi. single sleeve-valve enginela gurinchi, continental idhi papet valve motorla kante choukainadi mariyu tayaaru cheyadam sulabham anie prakatinchindi. idhi adhika vegamtho ekkuva chamurunu upayogistundi mariyu challani vaataavaranamloo praarambhinchadam kashtam.
injin yokka roopakalpana spark pluglaku merugaina jwaala marganni andinchadaaniki marinta kendra sthaanaanni, merugaina gyaas pravaham kosam pedda portulu mariyu ardhagola dahana gadulanu anumatistundi, idhi saktini penchutundi. adanamgaa, sleeve kavaataalaku aaa yugamloni papet kavaataala kante chaalaa takkuva nirvahana avasaram, dheeniki konni vaela mailla tarvaata sardubaatu, grinding mariyu bharti kooda avasaram. ayithe, sleevesloni pedda (samakaaleena papet valve designlaku sambandhinchi) port praantaalu andinche perigina saktitoe paatu adiabatic mariyu isothermal lakshanaalu double-sleeve valve concept yokka akiles heelnu niroopinchaayi. adhika antargata ushnogratalanu nivaarinchadaaniki taginanta nitaruga pravanatalo phalita vaedini badilee cheyalekapovadam valla perigina valumetric saamarthyam nundi pondagalige prayojanamlo ekkuva bhaagam grahinchalekapoyindi, ayithe, harry ricardo, single sleeve-valve, burt-mccollum rakam gurinchi, idhi entha kaalam untundo etthi chuupaaru.
sleeve mariyu cylinder goda madhya ayil film taginanta sannaga unchabadutundi kabatti, sleevelu vaedi cheyadaaniki paaradarsakamgaa untaayi. eee ushna paristhitula paryavasanamga, mariyu sampradaaya abhyaasaaniki viruddhamgaa, induction port praantam exast port kante gananeeyamgaa takkuvagaa undhi. sannani, ukku mariyu tella-loha puuta gala sleevelu kaligina taruvaati enginelu merugaina ushna vedajalladam sthaayilanu kaligi untaayi, ayithe ushna badilee samasyalu design yokka lakshanamgaa untaayi, tadwara double-sleeve valve enginelo antarleenamgaa unde sambhaavyata abhivruddhini parimitam chestaayi.
marinta saadhaaranamaina papet valve injin roopakalpana mariyu padaarthaalalo merugudalalu sleeve-valve roopaantaram praarambhamlo kaligi unna chaalaa prayojanaalanu tolaginchaayi, tadwara 1930la praarambhamlo nissabda gurram tayari aagipoyindi, kevalam iddaru french automobile tayaareedaarulu matrame yuddhanni konasaaginchaaru.
nait mariyu kilborne yantram tayaareedaarulaku daani tayaareeki licensulu manjuru cheyadaaniki veelugaa enginpy maaku aasakti kaliginchaalani aasinchaaru, conny praarambhamlo konugoludaarulu laeru. newyork looni gede yokka piers-baanam injinnu vaari swantha engineku vyatiraekamgaa pareekshinchindi mariyu idhi paina unna vegamtho marinta saktivantamainadi mariyu vaegamgaa kooda velutundani kanugondi. ayithe, edainaa surakshitam kaadani vaaru viswasinchinanduna vaaru daanini tama shreni kaarlaku saripodani kottipaaresaaru. vaaru chamuru viniyogam (70 maillaku sumaru 2 quartlu) adhikamgaa undani kooda bhaavinchaaru. 1906 glided toorlo oka namuunaa kaaru pravesinchinappudu naitku kontha chedu pracharam kooda labhinchindi, yaantrika vaiphalyam kaaranamgaa modati roeju matrame vadiliveyabadindi.
diamler-nait.
diamler director ayina injanir edward manville raasina rendu vraatapuurvaka vidhaanaalanu dadapuga vismarinchina taruvaata, gurram thana manasu maarchukuni, thana enginelo aangla tayaareedaarulanu aasakti cheyadaaniki prayatninchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. mariyu nait thana kaarulo okadaanitoe london vellaadu, akkada athanu diamler director ayina thoti-american persey martinnu chudagaligadu. diamler injaneerlu injinnu pareekshinchaaru mariyu nait yokka bhavananu puurtigaa abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki oka rahasya brundaanni erpaatu cheyadaaniki diamlerku phalitaalu taginantagaa prothsaahakaramgaa unnaayi. ayithe, project puurtayina tarvaata, adhi ikapai "puurtigaa gurram" kaadu. nait thana savarinchina injin kosam 1908 juun 6naa british petentnu pondaadu. septembarulo diamler daani 1909 namoonaalalo konnintiloo "sailent nait" enginelanu erpaatu cheyanunnatlu prakatinchaaru.
daani pootiidaarula nundi vimarsalanu edurkovadaniki, diamler ryaak (raayal automobile club) nuu diamler-nait loe vaari swantha swatantra pareekshalanu nirvahinchindi. ryaak injaneerlu rendu gurrapu enginelanu teesukoni vaatini 132 gantala paatu nirantaraayamgaa puurti bhaaramtho nadiparu. adhe enginelanu appudu touring kaarulo amarcharu mariyu brooklands rays trackpy nadiparu, aaa taruvaata vaatini teesivesi mallii bench meeda 5 gantala paatu nadiparu. enginelu koolchivesinappudu, grahinchadagina dustulu levani, cylinderlu mariyu pistanlu subhramgaa unnayani, kavaataalu kooda dustulu dharinche sankethaalu kanipinchaledani ryaak injaneerlu nivedinchaaru. eee ryaak enthagaa aakattukundo adhi diamlerku 1909 dewar tropheny pradaanam chesindi.
rock nivedikalu diamler share dharanu 0.85 poundla nundi 18.75 varaku penchadaaniki kaaranamayyaayi, mariyu company pootiidaarulu papet-valve injin tvaralo vaadukalo undadani bhayapaddaru. bentley motors vyavasthaapakudu walter oven bentley abhiprayam prakaram diamler-nait injin paniteerunu alaage polchadagina rolls-rais power plaantnu kaligi undhi.
nait injin (diamler injaneerlache gananeeyamgaa meruguparachabadindi) european automobile tayaareedaarula drushtini aakarshinchindi. diamler "ingland mariyu kaalaneela kosam" gurram nundi hakkulanu konugolu chesaadu mariyu european hakkula yajamanyanni belgium yokka minerwatho panchukunnadu, indulo idhi 60 saatam teesukundi. european hakkulanu vaari nundi konugolu chesi, panhard ett levasser mariyu mercedes upayoginchaaru.
sailent nait" injin yokka avakaasaalatoe aakarshinchabadina diamler chhairman chikagoloni gurraanni sampradinchaadu mariyu mariyu coventry sameepamlo inglandlo sthirapadina gurraanni sampradinchaadu. diamler oppandam kudurchukunna doctor. eee prayojanam kosam vaari salahadaruga frederic lanchester mariyu gurram yokka roopakalpana yokka pradhana punahroopakalpana mariyu merugudala chaalaa rahasyamgaa jarigindi. gurram yokka roopakalpana aacharanaatmaka pratipaadanagaa cheyabadindi. 1908 septembarulo aavishkarinchinappudu, kotta injin sanchalanaanni kaliginchindi. "puttagodugula kavaataalu, springlu mariyu cames mariyu aneka chinna bhagalu sareeramlo kottukupotayani, manaku daadaapu sampuurnamaina golaakaara paeludu gadhi undani, piston prayaaninchae dahana gadilo aaa bhaagamgaa cast-iron sleeve ledhaa tube undani cheppadaniki idhi saripotundi."diamler papet-valve enginelanu puurtigaa vadilivesi, 1930la madhyakaalam varaku vaari nissabda sleeve-valve enginelanu unchaaru.
cylinder mariyu sleeve contact facela saralata kaaranamgaa aneka vahanalu lopam-muppuga varninchabaddaayi. tarachugaa, aaa samayamlo andubaatulo unna kandenalato, mukhyamgaa taginanta nirvahana lekapothe, saraina saralata haamii ivvabadadu. 1600 arpm kante ekkuva injin vegamtho eee samasya perigindi, aaa samayamlo sleeve-valve injin merugaina avutputnu andinchadam maanesindi. garishtamgaa 1750 arpm injin vegamtho, injin yokka deerghakaalika abhivruddhi saamarthyam parimitam cheyabadindi.
uttara america.
kenada saikil & motor koo yokka thamus russell. ltd. gurraanni aasaktigaa anusarinchaadu mariyu athanu ryaak pareekshala gurinchi chadivinappudu athanu athanu gurram nundi licenses pondadaaniki ingland vellaadu. russell diamlertho oka oppandaaniki kooda vacchaadu, dheeni dwara company rendu samvatsaraala paatu diamler-nait enginelanu sarafara chestundi. russell kenadaalo russell-nait lagjari kaarla aneka namuunaalanu tayaaru chesaadu.
aagashtu aagashtu, eee engineku america automobile tayaareedaarulaina columbia, sterns mariyu staddard-dayton licenses icchaaru. enginela tayaareeki indianpolisloni atlas injaneering company kooda licensenu konugolu chesindi, idhi idhi leones-naitga kanipinchindi.
columbia, staddard-dayton mariyu atlas kontakaalam tarvaata diwala teesaayi mariyu vaari licensulu itara companylaku badilee cheyabaddaayi. edwards-nait vaaru okadaanni villeelaku appaginchagaa, molin marokadaanni pondaaru, daanini vaaru 1920la varaku konasaaginchaaru.
konasaaginchaaru theodor pailette nadipe mercedes-nait indianapolis indianapolis pravesinchindi, ikkada athi chinna injin unnappatikee, idhi indianapolis 500 kante sagatuna aidava sthaanamlo nilichindi.
villis nait engineku merugudalalu chesi, chesi patent pondhi, vaari villis-nait 88-4 nuu prakatinchaaru. vaaru egumati namuunaalanu nirminchadaaniki torrentolo kenadian tayari karmagaranni praarambhinchaaru.
1925 natiki yuu. ess loe nait enginelatho kuudina chatraanni utpatti chese aidu karyakalapalu jarigaayi, tadwara villies-nait utpatti rojuku 250 kaarla vadda nadustondi. adhe samvatsaramlo prapanchavyaaptamgaa 180,000 kii paiga villies-nait enginelu upayogamlo unnayani villies prakatinchaaru. aaa samvatsaram villis kooda sternlanu swaadheenam chesukuni, eee prayojanam kosam pratyeka sindiketnu erpaatu chesaadu (companylu vileenam kaaledu).
1920la chivaralo villis-nait kaarla ammakalu taggai. harry ricardo mariyu charless eff. kettering, saralamaina papet valve enginelu chaalaa samarthavantamgaa marai, vaati modati pradarsana 1924 chryslerlo jarigindi, mariyu nait injin yokka adhika tayari kharchu dheeniki vyatiraekamgaa cheppadam praarambhinchindi. praarambhinchindi villis gurrapu namuunaalanu nirminchagaa, abhivruddhi panulu aagipoyaayi. nait petentlu petentlu gaduvu mugisai. aaa samvatsaram juunloo 1933 villies-nait streamline six prakatinchinappatikii, 1933 varaku utpatti konasagithe sandehaaspadamgaa undhi. ivi samyukta rashtraallo tayaaru cheyabadina chivari sleeve-valve automobiles.
airopa.
nait injin, idhi americalo udbhavinchinappatikii, inglandlo phalinchadaaniki abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, airopalo praarambhamlo praarambhinchindi, akkada idhi kooda ekkuva kaalam konasaagindi. mercedes 1924 varaku vaari 4-leater gurrapu gurraanni 16/50 nirminchaaru, ayithe 1925-26 yokka simson supra gurrapu bahusha chivari german gurrapu injin kaaru. fraanslo, pyugot mariyu morsto paatu, rendu brandla lagjari automobiles 1923 mariyu 1940 madhya nait injinnu praamaanika parikaramgaa upayoginchaayih "avians voisin" mariyu "panhard ett levasser". voisin voisin nait suutraanni upayoginchi gaali-challabade radial injinnu kooda nirminchaaru, idhi vaaru chivariga upayoginchina nait saanketikata. 1940 vesavi varaku utpatti cheyabadina panhard ett levasser dynamic, siriisloo nirminchina chivari gurrapu injin prayaaneekula kaaru.

