madhyayuga sangeetam

madhyayuga sangeetam madhya yugaalalo, sumaru 6va sataabdam nundi 15va sataabdam varaku paschima airopa yokka pavitramaina mariyu loukika sangeetaanni kaligi undhi. idhi paaschaatya shaastreeya sangeetamlo modati mariyu sudeerghamaina pradhana yugam, taruvaata punarujjeevana sangeetam; eee rendu yugaalu sangeeta saastravettalu saadhaaranamgaa saadhaarana abhyasa kaalaaniki mundu prarambha sangeetamgaa perkone vaatini kaligi untaayi. madhya yugaala saampradaaya vibhajana taruvaata, madhyayuga sangeetaanni prarambha (500-1150), unnata (1000-1300), mariyu chivari (1300-1400) madhyayuga sangeetamgaa vibhajinchavachhu.
madhyayuga sangeetamlo charchi kosam upayoginche prardhana sangeetam, loukika sangeetam, matha-rahita sangeetam unnaayi; gregorian shlokam mariyu brunda sangeetam (gayakula brundaaniki sangeetam) vanti kevalam swara sangeetam, kevalam vaayidya sangeetam, mariyu swaraalu mariyu vaayidyaalu rendintinee upayoginche sangeetam (saadhaaranamgaa swaraalatoe kuudina vaayidyaalatoe). catholic maas samayamlo sanyaasulu gregorian shlokanni paadaaru. maas anedi kreestu chivari bhojanam yokka punarnirmaanam, idhi manishiki mariyu devuniki madhya aadhyaatmika sambandhaanni andinchadaaniki uddesinchabadindi. eee sambandhamlo kontha bhaagam sangeetam dwara sthaapinchabadindi.
madhyayuga kaalamlo barok shakam (1600-1750), shaastreeya shakam (1750-1820) mariyu srungaara yugam (1800-1910) lanu kaligi unna bhaagaswaamya sangeeta rachana paddhatula saadhaarana abhyasa kaalamlo abhivruddhi chendina nibandhanalagaa paaschaatya sangeetaanni roopondinche sangeeta sangnaamaanam mariyu sangeeta siddhaanta paddhatulaku punaadi veyabadindi. veetilo atyanta mukhyamainadi samagra sangeeta sangnaamaana vyavastha abhivruddhi, idhi swarakartalu tama paatala sraavyamaina mariyu vaayidya mukkalanu charmapatrampai ledhaa kaagitampai vraayadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. sangeeta sanketam abhivruddhi chendadaaniki mundu, paatalu mariyu mukkalanu oka paata telisina oka vyakti nundi maroka vyaktiki chevi dwara neerchukoevalasi undedi. idhi entha mandiki kotta sangeetam neerpinchavachhoo mariyu itara praantaalaku ledhaa deshaalaku sangeetam entha vistrutamgaa vyaapti chendutundo chaalaa parimitam chesindi. sangeeta sangnaamaanam abhivruddhi paatalu mariyu sangeeta bhaagaalanu pedda sankhyalo prajalaku mariyu vistruta bhougolika praantaaniki vyaapti cheyadam (vyaapti) sulabhataram chesindi. ayithe, saiddhaantika purogatulu, mukhyamgaa layaku sambandhinchi-swaraala samayam-mariyu bahuswaram-oke samayamlo bahula, parasparam neyadam sraavyamaina vaatini upayoginchadam-paaschaatya sangeetam abhivruddhiki samanamga mukhyamainavi.
sameeksha.
kalaa prakriyalu.
madhyayuga sangeetam swaraparachabadindi mariyu konni swara mariyu vaayidya sangeetam kosam, aneka vibhina sangeeta sailulaku (sangeeta sailulu) meruguparachabadindi. pavitra (charchi upayogam) mariyu loukika (mataparamaina upayogam) kosam srushtinchabadina madhyayuga sangeetam saadhaaranamgaa swarakartalache vraayabadindi, konni pavitramaina swara mariyu loukika vaayidya sangeetam minaha, idhi meruguparachabadindi (akkadikakkade tayaaru cheyabadindi). prarambha madhyayuga kaalamlo, prardhana shaili, pradhanamgaa sanyaasulu chese gregorian shlokam, monophonic ("monophonic" antey samarasyam ledhaa vaayidya thodu lekunda oke sraavyamaina pankthi). bahula swara sailulu, veetilo ekakaalamlo bahula swatantra sraavya panktulu pradarsinchabadataayi, madhyayuga kaalamlo abhivruddhi chendadam praarambhinchaayi, 13va sataabdam chivari mariyu 14va sataabdam praarambhamlo prabalamgaa maarindi. vividha swaraalu parasparam neyadamtho kuudina bahuswara roopaala abhivruddhi, tarachugaa tarachugaa abhivruddhi chendina madhyayuga ars nova shailitho mudipadi untundi. ars nova, antey "kotta kala", idhi madhyayuga sangeeta shaili nundi 1400la anantara punarujjeevana sangeeta yugam yokka marinta vyakteekarana sailulaku keelaka parivartanagaa panichesina sangeeta rachana yokka vinootna shaili.
monophonic plainchantpy mottamodati aavishkaranalu heterophonic. "heterophony" anedi oke samayamlo iddaru ververu pradarsakulu oke sraavyatanu pradarsinchadam, dheenilo prati pradarsakulu vaaru upayogistunna aabharanaalanu koddigaa maarustaaru. bhinnaswaram yokka maroka saadhaarana roopam emitante, gayakulu oke aakaaramlo sraavyatanu padatam, conny oka vyakti sraavyatanu padatam mariyu rendava vyakti adhika ledhaa diguva swaramlo sraavyatanu padatam. udaaharanaku, arganum, oka nirdishta viramamlo (tarachugaa pradhana sraavyataku dhooramgaa khachitamaina aidava ledhaa khachitamaina nalgava) paadina, oka saadhaarana panktini upayoginchi saadaa swaramtho vistarinchindi, phalitamgaa polyphony mariyu monophony yokka saadhaarana roopam madhya pratyaamnaayam jarugutundi. arganum suutraalu 9va sataabdapu anamaka maargamaina "musicca enchiriadis" kuu chendinavi, idhi aidava ledhaa nalgava ashtakam viramamlo samaantara kadalikalo mundugaa unna saadaa mantraanni nakilee chese sampradaayaanni sthaapinchindi.
madhyayuga saadaa shaili yokka clazula shaili nundi abhivruddhi chendina motet marinta adhunaatanamainadi. madhyayuga polyphonylo motet atyanta prajaadarana pondina roopamgaa maarindi. prarambha motetlu prardhana ledhaa pavitramainavi (charchi sevalo upayoginchadaaniki roopondinchabaddaayi), padamuudava sataabdam chivari natiki eee shaili aasthaana prema vanti loukika amsaalanu chaerchadaaniki vistarinchindi. aasthaana prema anedi oka premagala, goppa vyakti dwara dhooram nundi oka mahilanu gowravinche pooja. aneka prasiddha motetlalo andamaina, goppa mariyu entho aaraadhinchabade mahilala patla purushudi prema mariyu aaradhana gurinchi saahityam undhi.
punarujjeevanodyama sangeeta yugamlo (1400 taruvaata) madhyayuga motet abhivruddhi chendindi. punarujjeevana samayamlo, italian loukika shaili ayina madragal prajaadarana pondindi. motet yokka bahuswara paatra maadirigaane, modrigals pradhana sraavyata panktiloo ekkuva draavyata mariyu kadalikanu kaligi unnaayi. modrigal roopam kooda bahuswara niyamaalaku (aneka mandhi gayakulu oke sraavyatanu paadataaru, conny ververu samayaallo praarambhamayye paatalu) daariteesindi, mukhyamgaa italeelo vaatini "cassie" anie pilicheevaaru."ivi moodu bhagala loukika bhagalu, veetilo rendu unnata swaraalu kaananlo unnaayi, antarleena vaayidya podavaina swaramtho.
chivaraku, perugutunna naataka sampradaayam mariyu kuleenula kosam aasthaana pradarsanala sandarbhamlo, eee kaalamlo puurtigaa vaayidya sangeetam kooda abhivruddhi chendindi. tarachugaa suparichitamaina paatala chuttoo meruguparachabadina nrutya sangeetam, puurtigaa vaayidyaala yokka atipedda shaili. treasanto italeelo baga prachuryam pondina loukika yakshaganam, daani muulaalanu kaligi undhi, udaaharanaku, madhyayuga vaayidya nrutya sangeetamlo.
parikaraalu.
madhyayuga sangeetaanni pradarsinchadaaniki upayoginche aneka vaayidyaalu 21va sataabdamloo ippatikee unnaayi, conny vibhinnamaina mariyu saadhaaranamgaa marinta saanketikamgaa abhivruddhi chendina roopaallo unnaayi. madhyayuga yugamlo venuvu vendi ledhaa itara lohaniki badulugaa chekkatho tayaaru cheyabadindi, mariyu dheenini pakkaki eguravesina ledhaa chivarana eguravesina vaayidyam vale tayaaru cheyavachu. aadhunika archestra venuvulu saadhaaranamgaa lohamto tayaaru cheyabadataayi mariyu sanklishtamaina kii mechanisms mariyu gaali chorabadani pyaadlanu kaligi untaayi, madhyayuga venuvulalo randhraalu undevi, veetini pradarsakudu vellatho kappavalasi untundi (recorder maadirigaa). madhyayuga kaalamlo recorder chekkatho tayaaru cheyabadindi, 21va sataabdamloo plaastik vanti synthetic padaarthaalatho tayaaru cheyabadinappatiki, idhi daani gatha roopaanni dadapuga nilupukundi. zemshorn recordernu pooli untundi, endukante daani mundu bhaagamlo vaeli randhraalu untaayi, ayithe idhi vaastavaaniki okarina kutumbaaniki chendinadi. venuvu yokka puurveekulaloo okataina paan venuvu, madhyayuga kaalamlo prachuryam pondindi, mariyu bahusha hellenic muulaaniki chendinadi. eee parikaram yokka gottalu chekkatho tayaaru cheyabaddaayi mariyu vividha pitch lanu utpatti cheyadaaniki podavulo pattabhadrudayyaayi.
madhyayuga sangeetam aadhunika guitarku mundunna pier aakarapu bolu shareeramtho kuudina vintha vaayidyam ayina lute vanti aneka theega vaayidyaalanu upayoginchindi. itara teegalatho kuudina vaayidyaalalo mandor, gittern, sitol mariyu saltary unnaayi. saltary mariyu jither maadirigaane unde dalsimarlanu modata pagulagottaru, ayithe 14va sataabdamloo kotta loha saanketikata vacchina taruvaata sangeetakaarulu dalsimarnu suttulatoe kottadam praarambhinchaaru, idhi loha teegalanu saadhyam chesindi.
byzantine saamraajyaaniki chendina vangi unna lyra mottamodati namodu cheyabadina european vangi unna theega vaayidyam. aadhunika violine maadirigaane, oka pradarsakudu ottiditoe kuudina teegalapai ottiditoe kuudina juttutho villunu kadilinchadam dwara dhwanini utpatti chestaadu. 9va sataabdaaniki chendina pertian bhougolika shaastravetta ibn khurradadbih (mama. 911) byzantine lyra, arab rababku samaanamaina vangi unde vaayidyam mariyu byzantines yokka vilakshanhamaina vaayidyam, "urghun" (orgaon), "shilyani" (bahusha oka rakamaina harp ledhaa lyre) mariyu "salanj" (bahusha oka bagpipe) thoo patuga vaayidyaala gurinchi thana nighantuvu charchalo udaharinchaaru. hurdy-gurdi anedi (inca undhi) oka yaantrika violine, idhi daani teegalanu "vangi" cheyadaaniki cranku jodinchina rosained chekka chakranni upayogistundi. yoodula veenha vanti dhwani pettelu laeni vaayidyaalu kooda prachuryam pondaayi. paipu avayavam yokka prarambha samskaranalu, fidelu (ledhaa veele), mariyu aadhunika tromboneku puurvagaami (sackbut anie pilustaaru) upayoginchabaddaayi.
sanketam.
madhyayuga kaalamlo paaschaatya sangeetaanni saadhaarana abhyasa yugamlo abhivruddhi chendina pramanaluga roopondinche sangnaatmaka mariyu saiddhaantika paddhatulaku punaadi veyabadindi. veetilo atyanta spashtamainadi samagra sangeeta sanketha vyavastha abhivruddhi; ayithe saiddhaantika purogatulu, mukhyamgaa laya mariyu bahuswaraaniki sambandhinchi, paaschaatya sangeetam abhivruddhiki samanamga mukhyamainavi.
prarambha madhyayuga sangeetamlo elanti sanketha vyavastha ledhu. eee swaraalu pradhanamgaa ekaswaramgaa undevi (thodu laeni oke sraavyata) mariyu moukhika sampradaayam dwara prasaram cheyabadevi. rome vividha praardhanalanu kendreekarinchadaaniki mariyu roman aacharaanni praadhamika charchi sampradaayamgaa sthaapinchadaaniki prayatninchinappudu, eee shloka sraavyamaina paatalanu vistaaramaina dooraalaku samarthavantamgaa prasaram cheyavalasina avasaram kooda anthe spashtamgaa kanipinchindi. sangeetam prajalaku "chevi dwara" matrame neerpinchagaliginanta kaalam, idhi oke sraavyamaina patanu paadataaniki vividha praantaalanu pondagala charchi saamarthyaanni parimitam chesindi, endukante prati kotta vyakti ippatike oka paata telisina vyaktitoe samayanni gadapavalasi untundi mariyu daanini "chevi dwara" neerchukoevaali."eee samasyanu parishkarinchadaaniki modati adugu" "numes" "anie piluvabade pitch kadalika disanu suuchimchadaaniki shloka grandhaala paina vraayabadina vividha sankethaalanu pravesapettadam dwara vachindi".
numes" yokka muulam aspashtamgaa undhi mariyu kontha charchaku lobadi undhi; ayithe, chaalaa mandhi panditulu vaari sannihita puurveekulu classic greeku mariyu roman vyaakarana sankethaalu anie angeekaristunnaaru, ivi swaram yokka perugudala mariyu patanaanni namodu cheyadam dwara prakatana yokka mukhyamaina amsaalanu suuchistaayi. shaastreeya vyaakaranavettala rendu praathamika sankethaalu "acutus",/, swaram yokka perugudalanu suuchistumdi, mariyu "gravis", swaram yokka taggudalanu suuchistumdi. nyoom gurtulato oka shloka paataanni chadive gayakudu sraavyata geetam swarakramamlo paiki vellindaa, alaage undinda ledhaa swarakramamlo kindiki vellindaa anae saadhaarana avagahana pondagalugutaaru. sikshana pondina gayakulaku shlokaala pradarsana baga telusu kabatti, vachananiki paina vraasina nyoom gurtulu sraavyatanu gurtuchestayi, conny vaastava viramalanu perkonaledu. edemaina, nyoom gurtulato oka shloka paataanni chadive gayakudu athanu ledhaa aame intaku mundennadoo padani patanu chadavadam chudaleru; eee mukkalu marinta khachitamaina sangnaamaana vyavasthalalo taruvaati samskaranalu lekunda eee roeju khachitamgaa ardham chesukovadam saadhyam kaadu.
eee numes chivariki "neumatic" sangnaamaanaaniki praathamika chihnaluga abhivruddhi chendaayi, "varga" (ledhaa "raad") idhi adhika swaraanni suuchistumdi mariyu ippatikee adhi vacchina "acutus" laaga kanipistundi; mariyu "punctum" (ledhaa "dott") idhi takkuva swaraanni suuchistumdi mariyu paeru suuchimchinatlugaa, "gravis" chihnanni oka binduvuku tagginchindi. anduvalla aksharampai graphical swara maarpulanu suuchimchadaaniki "acutus" mariyu "gravis" lanu kalapavacchu. eee rakamaina sangnaamaanam enimidava sataabdaaniki mundu abhivruddhi chendanidigaa telustondi, conny tommidava natiki idhi sangeeta sangnaamaanam yokka praadhamika paddhatigaa drudhamgaa sthaapinchabadindi. varga" mariyu "punctum" yokka praathamika sangnaamaanam vyaktigata swaraalaku chihnaluga migilipoyindi, conny itara "numes" tvaralo abhivruddhi chendaayi, idhi aneka swaraalu kalisinatlu choopinchindi. eee kotta "numes"-legatures anie pilustaaru-mukhyamgaa rendu asalu sankethaala kalayika.
modati sangeeta sangnaamaanam emitante, oka shlokaaniki saahityam meeda chukkalanu upayoginchadam, konni chukkalu ekkuvagaa ledhaa takkuvagaa untaayi, idhi paatakudiki sraavyata yokka dhisha gurinchi saadhaarana avagahananu istundi. ayithe, eee sangnaamaanam yokka roopam appatike sraavyata telisina gayakudiki ghnaapakasakti sahayamga matrame panichesindi. eee praathamika "neumatic" sangnaamaanam notla sankhyanu mariyu avi paiki ledhaa krindiki kadulutunnaya anie matrame perkonagaladu. khachitamaina swaram, edainaa laya ledhaa prarambha swaraanni kooda suuchimchadaaniki maargam ledhu. eee parimitulu "numes" nuu noti sampradaayam yokka abhyaasaaniki maddatu ivvadaaniki saadhanalugaa abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi, daani sthaanamlo kakunda. ayithe, idhi kevalam ghnaapakasakti sahayamga praarambhamainappatiki, marinta nirdishta sangnaamaanam kaligi undatam viluva tvaralo spashtamaindi.
sangeeta sangnaamaanamlo tadupari abhivruddhi "etthu" numes ", dheenilo" numes "okadaanikokati sambandhinchi vividha ettulalo jagrattagaa unchabaddaayi. idhi icchina viramam yokka parimaanam mariyu dhisha gurinchi sthuula suuchananu ivvadaaniki "numes" kuu veelu kalpinchindi. idhi twaragaa okati ledhaa rendu panktulaku daariteesindi, prati okkati oka nirdishta swaraanni suuchistumdi, munupati vatiki sambandhinchina anni "numes" thoo sangeetampai unchabadutundi. modata, eee panktulaku nirdishta ardham ledhu, badulugaa yea swaram soochinchabadutundo soochinche aksharanni praarambhamlo unchaaru. ayithe, krinda madhya c mariyu f a aidava soochinche panktulu nemmadigaa sarvasaadhaaranam ayyayi. modata charmapatrampai geetalu veyabadinanduna, ippudu eee geetalu rendu ververu rangu siraalalo geeyabaddayi saadhaaranamgaa f kosam erupu, mariyu c kosam pasupu ledhaa aakupaccha. idhi sangeeta sibbandiki arambham. naalugu-line sibbandini puurti cheyadam saadhaaranamgaa guido dii arezo (sii. 1000-1050), madhya yugaala yokka atyanta mukhyamaina sangeeta siddhaantakartalaloo okaru. paatha muulaalu sibbandi abhivruddhini gaidoku aapaadinchinappatikii, kontamandi aadhunika panditulu athanu appatike abhivruddhi cheyabadutunna vyavastha yokka krodeekaranagaa marintagaa vyavaharinchaadani suuchistunnaaru. yea vidhamgaanainaa, eee kotta sangnaamaanam oka gayakudiki chaalaa takkuva samayamlo tanaku puurtigaa teliyani mukkalanu neerchukoevadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. ayithe, shloka sanketam aneka vidhaluga abhivruddhi chendinappatikii, oka praathamika samasya migili undih laya. neumatic" sangnaamaana vyavastha, puurtigaa abhivruddhi chendina sthithilo kooda, swaraala paadataaniki elanti layanu spashtamgaa nirvachinchaledu.
sangeeta siddhaantam.
madhyayuga kaalapu sangeeta siddhaantam swara padaartham, aakruti mariyu laya rendintikee sambandhinchi munupati abhyasam kante aneka purogatini chusindi.
laya.
layaku sambandhinchi, eee kaalamlo daani bhavana mariyu sangnaamaanam rendintiloonuu aneka naatakeeya maarpulu jarigaayi. prarambha madhyayuga kaalamlo layanu suuchimchadaaniki etuvanti paddhati ledhu, anduvalla eee prarambha sangeetam yokka layabaddhamaina abhyasam panditula madhya charchaku lobadi undhi. modati rakamaina vraatapuurvaka layabaddha vyavastha 13va sataabdamloo abhivruddhi chendindi mariyu idhi varusa reetulapai aadharapadi undhi. eee layabaddhamaina pranaalikanu "dii mensurabili music" () rachayita ayina sangeeta siddhaantakarta johannes dii garlandia krodeekarinchaaru, eee layabaddhamaina paddhatulanu nirvachinchi, puurtigaa spashtam chesina grandham. thana grandham johannes dii garlandialo aaru "jaatula" vidhananni ledhaa podavulu mariyu breevelanu erpaatu cheyagala aaru ververu maargaalanu vivarinchaadu. prati mode moodu "tempora" (oka "perfectio") yokka saadhaarana unitlo beats (ledhaa "tempora") loe layabaddhamaina namuunaanu sthaapistundi, idhi mallee mallee punaraavrutamavutundi. antekakunda, vachanam laeni sangnaamaanam "bandham" la golusulapai aadharapadi untundi (swaraala samuuhaalu okadaanikokati kattubadi unde lakshana sankethaala).
layabaddhamaina vidhananni saadhaaranamgaa upayoginchina bandhaala namuunaala dwara nirnayinchavacchu. oka sraavyamaina rekhaku layabaddhamaina mode ketaayinchina tarvaata, saadhaaranamgaa aaa mode nundi takkuva vichalanam undedi, ayinappatikee layabaddhamaina sardubaatlanu aasinchina kattu namoonaalo maarpula dwara suuchimchavachchu, maroka layabaddhamaina modku maare varaku kooda. layaku sambandhinchina tadupari adugu colone yokka german siddhaantakarta franco nundi vachindi. 1280 loe vraayabadina thana grandham "ars contus mensurabilis" ("mensurable music yokka kala") loe, athanu vibhina aakarapu swaraalu puurtigaa bhinnamaina layabaddha viluvalanu kaligi unna sangnaamaana vyavasthanu vivarinchaadu. idhi munupati dii garlandia vyavastha nundi oka adbhutamaina maarpu. ayithe vyaktigata swaram yokka podavunu mode nundi matrame sekarinchadaaniki mundu, eee kotta viloma sambandham modnu-mariyu nirnayistundi-tiruguleni vyavadhi viluvalanu kaligi unna vyaktigata swaraalu ledhaa "bomma", european sangeetam yokka tadupari charitrapai bhaarii prabhavanni chuupina oka aavishkarana. 13va sataabdamloo migili unna gurtinchabadina sangeetamlo chaalaa varaku haaram dwara nirvachinchabadina layabaddhamaina reetulanu upayogistaayi. laya parinaamamlo dasha 13va sataabdam prarambham taruvaata "ars nova" shaili abhivruddhitho vachindi.
eee kotta sailiki sambandhinchi baga gurtimpu pondina siddhaantakarta phillip dii vitri, 1320 loe "ars nova" ("kotta kala") grandham raayadaaniki prasiddhi chendaaru. sangeetampai eee grandham eee mottam shakam yokka sailiki daani paerunu ichindi. konni vidhaluga layabaddha sangnaamaanam yokka aadhunika vyavastha vitritho praarambhamaindi, idhi layabaddhamaina reetula yokka paatha aalochana nundi puurtigaa vimukti pondindi. aadhunika samaya meterla yokka sangnaatmaka puurveekulu kooda "ars nova" loe udbhavinchaaru. eee kotta shaili spashtamgaa colone franco pani meeda nirminchabadindi. franco vyavasthalo, breeve mariyu semibraves (antey, sagam breeves) madhya sambandham breeve mariyu podavaina madhya sambandhaaniki samanamga untundih mariyu, ataniki "modus" ellappuduu paripuurnamgaa untundi (moodu samoohaalalo samuuham cheyabadindi), "tempus" ledhaa beat kooda swabhavikamga paripuurnamgaa untundi, anduvalla moodu semibrevlanu kaligi untundi. konnisaarlu mode yokka sandarbhaaniki rendu semibrievela samuuham matrame avasaram, ayithe, eee rendu semibrievelu ellappuduu saadhaarana podavu mariyu rettimpu podavu kaligi untaayi, tadwara oke samayanni teesukuntaayi, tadwara "tempus" yokka khachitamaina upavibhaagaanni samrakshistaayi. eee padamudu vibhagam anni note viluvalaku nirvahinchabadindi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, "ars nova" kaalam rendu mukhyamaina maarpulanu pravesapettindih modatidi notla yokka inca chinna upavibhaagam (semibrievelu, ippudu "minim" gaa vibhajinchavachhu), mariyu rendavadi "mensuration" abhivruddhi."
mensurationsnu vividha paddhatullo kalapavacchu, tadwara metrikal groupinglanu tayaaru cheyavachu. eee mensorationla samuuhaalu saralamaina mariyu mishrama meetarku puurvagaamulu. ars nova" samayaniki, "tempus" yokka khachitamaina vibhajana matrame empika kaadu, endukante duple vibhajanalu marinta aamodinchabaddaayi. vitriki breevnu, mottam kuurpu kosam, ledhaa oka vibhagam kosam, rendu ledhaa moodu chinna semibrievela samuhaluga vibhajinchavachhu. eee vidhamgaa, "tempus" (breeve vibajananu suuchimchadaaniki vacchina padam) anedi binary upavibhaagamto "paripuurnamainadi" ("tempus paripuurnata"), trimukha upavibhaagamto ledhaa "asampuurnamainadi" ("tempus asampuurnata") kaavacchu. idhe paddhatiloo, semibrieve vibajananu ("prolation" anie pilustaaru) moodu "minima" ("prolatio perfectus" ledhaa majer prolation) ledhaa rendu "minima" ("prolatio imperfectus" ledhaa mainer prolation) gaa vibhajinchavachhu, mariyu, adhika sthaayilo, longs vibhajana ("modus" anie pilustaaru) moodu ledhaa rendu breevelu ("modus perfectus" ledhaa perfect mode, ledhaa "modus imperfectus" ledhaa apuurana mode) kaavacchu. vitrai mana aadhunika "time signature" kuu samaanamaina "mensuration saine" nuu upayoginchadam dwara praarambhamlo icchina mukka yokka saraina vibajananu soochinchadam dwara dheenini oka adugu munduku vesindi.
"tempus perfectum" oka vruttam dwara soochinchabadindi, ayithe "tempus imperfectum" nuu sagam vruttam dwara suuchistaaru (prastuta chihnam, samaya santakaaniki pratyamnaayamgaa upayoginchabadutundi, vaastavaaniki eee chihnanni pattukuntundi, "saadhaarana samayam" kuu sankshiptamgaa "sii" aksharam kaadu, prajaadarana pondinatlugaa). eee aavishkaranalalo chaalaa varaku vitriki aapaadinchabadinappatikii, kontavaraku "ars nova" grandhamlo unnappatikee, idhi dii vitriki samakaaleena-mariyu vyaktigata parichayastudu, johannes dii muris (ledhaa jehann dess maars) anie paeru pettaru, athanu "ars nova" yokka kotta mensural aavishkaranala yokka atyanta samagramaina mariyu kramabaddhamaina chikitsanu andinchaadu (saadhaaranamgaa mensural sangnaamaanam yokka sankshipta vivarana kosam, artical punarujjeevana sangeetaanni chudandi). chaalaa mandhi panditulu, saanukuula aapaadinchabadina aadharalu lekapovadaanni udaharistuu, ippudu vitris grandhaanni anamakamga bhaavistaaru, conny idhi layabaddha sankethaala charitralo daani praamukhyatanu tagginchadu. edemaina, idhi mensural vyavasthanu dii murisga angeekarinchi, vivarinchina modati khachitamgaa gurtinchadagina panditudini chestundi, athanu layabaddhamaina reetula kosam garlandia emi chesado daani kosam chesadani cheppavacchu.
madhyayuga kaalamlo, chaalaa sangeetam pradhanamgaa paripuurnamaina ushnogratalo, asampoornamaina ushnograta vibhaagaalache srushtinchabadina pratyeka prabhaavaalato koorchindi; atuvanti vibhagalu samaana podavutho pradarsinchabaddaya ledhaa adhi marinda, alaa ayithe, yea nishpattilo pradarsinchabaddaayane daanipai sangeeta saastravettalalo prastuta vivaadam undhi. 14va sataabdam chivaralo "ars subtilier" yokka atyanta samakaaleekarinchabadina rachanalu varaku eee "ars nova" shaili praadhamika layabaddha vyavasthagaa undipoyindi, idhi sangnaatmaka mariyu layabaddha sanklishtata yokka teevratalatoo vargeekarinchabadindi. eee upa-janara "ars nova" andinchina layabaddhamaina swechhanu daani parimitulaku nettivesindi, konni rachanalu ekakaalamlo ververu swaraalalo vraayabadina ververu swaraalanu kaligi unnaayi. eee sangeetamlo grahinchina layabaddhamaina sanklishtata 20va sataabdamloo unna daanitoe polchavachhu.
polyphony.
paaschaatya sangeeta siddhaantam yokka mottam charitraku samaana praamukhyata kaliginavi polyphony aagamanamtho vacchina vachana maarpulu. eee abhyasam paaschaatya sangeetaanni eee roeju manaku telisina saamarasyamgaa aadhipatyam kaligina sangeetamgaa maarchindi. eee vachana abhivruddhi yokka modati vruttaamtaalu sangeetampai rendu anamaka inca vistrutamgaa pampinhee cheyabadina grandhaalalo kanugonabaddayi, avi "musica" mariyu "scolica enchiriadis". eee grandhaalu tommidava sataabdam chivari ardhabhaagamlo unnatlugaa perkonabaddaayi. aacharanalo ippatike baga sthirapadinatlugaa kanipinche oka saanketikatanu eee grandhaalu vivaristaayi. eee prarambha bahuswaram moodu saadhaarana mariyu moodu mishrama viraamaalapai aadharapadi untundi. modati samuuhamloo naalugava, aidava mariyu ashtapadaalu untaayi; rendava samuuhamloo ashtapadaalu-plus-naalugava, ashtapadaalu-plus-aidava mariyu double ashtapadaalu untaayi. eee kotta abhyaasaaniki grandhaala rachayita "arganum" anae paeru pettaru. "arganum" nuu adhi vraayabadina kaala vyavadhini batti marinta vargeekarinchavachhu. enchiriadis" loe vivarinchina vidhamgaa prarambha "arganum" nuu "kathinamaina" arganum "" kathinamaina "arganum" anie pilustaaru, dheenini rendu rakaluga vibhajinchavachhuh "diapent" (aidava madhyalo arganum) mariyu "diateseron" (nalgava madhyalo arganum). ayithe, eee rendu rakaala kathinamaina "arganum" aaa kaalamlooni sangeeta niyamaalato samasyalanu kaligi unnaayi. vaatilo edainaa oka asalu shlokanni chaalaa kaalam paatu samaantaramgaa (modnu batti) unte tritone vastundi.
rendava rakam "arganum" vaadakamtho eee samasya kontavaraku adhigaminchabadindi. eee rendava shaili "arganum" nuu "free" arganum "anie pilicheevaaru. daani pratyeka karakam emitante, bhagalu samaantara kadalikalo matrame kadalaalsina avasaram ledhu, conny valuga ledhaa viruddha kadalikalo kooda kadalagalavu. idhi bhayankaramaina tritone nivaarinchadam chaalaa sulabhataram chesindi. abhivruddhi chendina "arganum" yokka tudi sailini "melismatic" arganum "anie pilicheevaaru, idhi eee dasha varaku migilina polyphonic sangeetam nundi natakeeyamgaa nishkramana. eee kotta shaili notku vyatiraekamgaa gamaninchabadaledu, conny oka fluorid melismatic line thoo kuudina oka sthiramaina line. eee chivari rakamaina "arganam" nuu eee kaalamlooni atyanta prasiddha polyphonic swarakarta-leonin kooda chaerchaaru. athanu eee sailini kolichina discont bhaagaalato ekam chesaadu, ivi "arganum" kuurpu yokka paraakaashtanu srushtinchadaaniki layabaddhamaina reetulanu upayoginchaayi. arganum yokka eee chivari dasanu konnisaarlu notre daam school off polyphony anie pilustaaru, endukante akkade leonin (mariyu athani vidyaarthi perotene) unchabaddaaru. antekakunda, eee rakamaina polyphony tadupari anni sailulanu prabhaavitam chesindi, taruvaata polyphonic jaatula motetlu ippatike unna notre daam "organoms" yokka trapga prarambhamayyayi.
madhyayuga sangeeta siddhaantamlo maroe mukhyamaina amsam pitch lanu erpaatu chesi ardham chesukune vyavastha. madhya yugaalalo, mottam dasalu mariyu sagam dasala shreni yokka eee kramabaddhamaina amarika, ippudu manam scale anie piliche daanini mode anie pilustaaru. modal vyavastha neti pramaanaala maadirigaa panichesindi, idhi sraavyamaina rachanaku niyamaalu mariyu saamagrini andinchindi. enimidi charchi reetulu "dorian", "hypodorian", "fryzian", "hypophrysian", "lydian", "hypolidian", "mixolidian" mariyu "hypomixolidian". eee vidhaanaalaku sambandhinchina chaalaa samacharam, alaage vaati aacharanaatmaka anuvartanaanni 11va sataabdamloo siddhaantakarta johannes affligamensis krodeekarinchaaru. thana rachanalo athanu prati vidhaanaaniki moodu nirvachinche amsaalanu vivarinchaaduh tudi (ledhaa "final"), parayana swaram ("taynor" ledhaa "confinalis"), mariyu paridhi (ledhaa "ambitus"). finalis" anedi modku kendra binduvugaa panichese tone mariyu paeru suuchimchinatlugaa, daadaapu ellappuduu tudi tonga upayoginchabadutundi. parayana swaram anedi sraavyataloo (mukhyamgaa antargatamgaa) praathamika kendra binduvugaa panichese swaram. idhi saadhaaranamgaa mukkalo tarachugaa punaraavrutamayye tone kooda, chivaraku paridhi icchina mode kosam eguva mariyu diguva tonelanu parimitam chestundi. enimidi reetulanu vaati tudi ("final") aadhaaramgaa naalugu vargaluga vibhajinchavachhu.
madhyayuga siddhaantakartalu eee jantalanu "meneria" anie pilichi, greeku krama sankhyala prakaram vaatini label chesaaru. d, e, f mariyu g lanu chivariga kaligi unna modlanu varusaga "protus", "duterres", "tritus" mariyu "tetrardus" samoohaalalo unchutaaru. mode "praamaanikamainadi" ledhaa "plagal" anae daani aadhaaramgaa veetini marinta vibhajinchavachhu."eee thedaalu finalku sambandhinchi mode yokka paridhini vivaristaayi. praamaanikamaina reetulu oka ashtakaniki sambandhinchina paridhini kaligi untaayi (paina ledhaa krinda oka swaram anumatinchabadutundi) mariyu chivari nundi praarambhamavutaayi, ayithe plagal reetulu, ippatikee oka ashtakaniki sambandhinchinavi ayinappatikee, praamaanikamaina krinda khachitamaina naalugava bhaganni praarambhistaayi. modal vyavastha yokka maroka aasaktikaramaina amsam emitante, mode emainappatiki b nundi b kii maarchadaaniki saarvatrika bhatyam. eee swaraanni cherchadam valla aneka upayogaalu unnaayi, conny mukhyamgaa saadhaaranamainadigaa anipinchedi, marosari, tritone valla kalige sraavyamaina ibbandulanu nivaarinchadam.
eee mataparamaina paddhatulu, vatiki greeku paerlu unnappatikee, greeku siddhaantakartalu nirdesinchina paddhathulatho takkuva sambandham kaligi untaayi. badulugaa, chaalaa varaku padajaalam madhyayuga siddhaantakartala durviniyogamgaa anipistundi, ayithe charchi paddhatulaku puraatana greeku paddhathulatho sambandham laenappatikee, greeku padajaalam yokka samruddhi byzantine sampradaayam yokka prardhana sraavyamaina vaatilo aasaktikaramaina muulaanni suuchistumdi. eee vyavasthanu "octoicos" anie pilustaaru mariyu "ekoi" anie piluvabade enimidi vargaluga kooda vibhajinchabadindi. 
nirdishta madhyayuga sangeeta siddhaantakartala kosam, ivi kooda chudandi seville yokka isidor, reom yokka aurelian, cluney yokka oodoo, arizo yokka guido, hermannus contractus, johannes kotto (johannes affligamensis), johannes dii muris, colone yokka franco, johannes dii garlandia (johannes galicus), anamaka IV, marchetto daa padova (paduva yokka marchettus), lease yokka jaaklu, johannes dii grokio, petrus dii cruuse (pierry dii laa chroix), mariyu phillip dii vitrilu.
prarambha madhyayuga sangeetam (500-1000).
prarambha shloka sampradaayaalu.
shlokam (ledhaa plainsang) anedi kraistava charchi yokka mottamodati sangeetaanni soochinche ekaswara pavitra (yeka, thodu laeni sraavyata) roopam. aneka european kendraalalo vidigaa shlokam abhivruddhi chendindi. atyanta mukhyamainavi rome, hispania, gall, milan mariyu ireland ayinappatikee, itaravi kooda unnaayi. eee sailulannee akkada saamuuhika vedukalanu jarupukunetappudu upayoginche praantiiya praardhanalaku maddatugaa abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. prati praantam daani swantha shlokam mariyu vedukala kosam niyamaalanu abhivruddhi chesindi. speyin mariyu porchugallo, mosarabic shlokam upayoginchabadindi mariyu uttara african sangeetam yokka prabhavanni chooputundi. mosarabic prardhana muslim paalana dwara kooda manugada saaginchindi, ayinappatikee idhi oka vivikta geetam mariyu eee sangeetam taruvaata mottam praardhanapai anugunyatanu amalu chese prayatnamlo anachiveyabadindi. milan loe, ambrosian shlokam, seyint paeru pettabadindi. ambrose, praamaanikamainadi, ayithe beneventon shlokam maroka italian prardhana kendram benevento chuttoo abhivruddhi chendindi. gallican shlokam gaul loe mariyu seltic shlokam ireland mariyu grate britton loe upayoginchabadindi.
paalistunna karolingian raajavamsam aaa samuuhaanni praamaaneekarinchi, daani frankish saamrajyam antataa keertana cheyalanukundi. eee samayamlo, rome paschima airopaku mataparamaina kendramgaa undedi, mariyu uttara gall mariyu reinland (mukhyamgaa auchen nagaram) raajakeeya kendramgaa undedi. praamaaneekarana prayatnamlo pradhanamgaa rendu-roman mariyu gallican-praantiiya praardhanalanu kalapadam jarigindi. charlemagne (742-814) eee kotta mantram bodhinchadaaniki saamrajyam antataa sikshana pondina gayakulanu pampaadu. eee shlokam gregorian shlokam anie piluvabadindi, dheeniki pope gregori I paeru pettaru. gregorian shlokam athani papassi samayamlo sekarinchi krodikarinchabadindani ledhaa pavuram roopamlo pavitra aatma nundi prerana pondhi swayamgaa swaraparachabadindani cheppabadindi. ayithe, idhi vaari prardhana ekikarana prayatnaalanu chattabaddham cheyalanukunna karolingianlu vyaapti chesina oka prasiddha puraanam matrame. aaa samayamlo gregorian shlokam khachitamgaa ledhu. ayinappatikee, gregori yokka papassi aaa kaalamlooni roman shlokanni sekarinchi, krodeekarinchadaaniki nijamgaa dohadapadi undavacchu, idhi 9va mariyu 10va sataabdaalaloo, gallikan shlokamtho paatu-gregorian shlokam yokka rendu moolaalalo okatigaa erpadindi. 12va mariyu 13va sataabdaala natiki, milan looni ambrosian shlokam mariyu pratyaekamgaa niyaminchabadina konni spanish chaapellalo mojarabik shlokam minaha, gregorian shlokam anni itara paaschaatya shloka sampradaayaalanu adhigaminchindi. hildegard vaan bingen (1098-1179) mottamodati mahilaa swarakarthalalo okaru. aame catholic charchi kosam aneka monophonic rachanalu rasindi, daadaapu annee mahilaa swaraala kosam.
prarambha polyphony arganum.
9va sataabdam chivaralo, seyint vanti mathaalalo gayakulu. switzerlandlo gall mantraaniki maroka bhaganni jodinchadam prayogaalu cheyadam praarambhinchindi, saadhaaranamgaa samaantara kadalikalo unna vois, ekkuvagaa asalu tune kante khachitamaina naalugava ledhaa aidava bhaagamlo padatam (viramam chudandi). eee abhivruddhini arganum anie pilustaaru mariyu idhi counter point prarambhanni mariyu chivariki samarasyanni suuchistumdi. taruvaati aneka sataabdaalaloo, arganum aneka vidhaluga abhivruddhi chendindi.
eee parinamalalo atyanta mukhyamainadi 1100 loe "fluorid arganum" srushti, dheenini konnisaarlu school off seyint anie pilustaaru. yuddha (dakshina-madhya fraanslooni oka matham paeru pettabadindi, indulo eee repertory yokka uttamamgaa samrakshinchabadina manuscript undhi). fluorid arganum" loe asalu swaram podavaina swaraalalo paadabadutundi, adhe samayamlo daanitoe paatu swaram prati original swaraaniki aneka swaraalanu paadutundi, tarachugaa atyanta vistrutamaina paddhatiloo, khachitamaina hallulanu (naalugava, aidava mariyu ashtapadaalu) nokki chebutuu, munupati arganalo vale. arganum yokka taruvaati parinaamaalu inglandlo sambhavinchaayi, ikkada moodava bhaagam yokka viramam pratyaekamgaa anukuulamgaa undedi, mariyu ippatike unna shloka sraavyataku vyatiraekamgaa argana meruguparachabadindi, mariyu notre daam inn paris, idhi padamuudava sataabdam antataa sangeeta srujanaatmaka kaaryakalaapaalaku kendramgaa undalsi undhi.
prarambha madhyayuga kaalam nundi vacchina sangeetamlo ekkuva bhaagam anamakamga undhi. konni paerlu kavulu mariyu paatala rachayitalu ayi undavacchu, mariyu vaaru padaalu vraasina swaraalu itarulu swaraparichi undavacchu. madhyayuga kaalaaniki chendina monophonic sangeetam yokka aapaadimpu ellappuduu nammadaginadi kaadu. eee kaalam nundi manugadalo unna vraatapratullo music-enchiriadis, santiago dii compostela yokka codex calixtinus, magnus libber mariyu winchester troper unnaayi. prarambha madhyayuga kaalamlo vraasina nirdishta swarakartalu ledhaa kavula gurinchi samacharam kosam, pope gregori I, St. godrick, bingen hildegard, huckbald, notkar balbulus, oodoo off arezo, oodoo off cluney mariyu tutilo.
prardhana natakam.
prarambha madhya yugaalalo udbhavinchina airopa yokka maroka sangeeta sampradaayam prardhana natakam.
prardhana grandhaala kavita alankaranala tropla nundi prardhana natakam bahusha 10va sataabdamloo abhivruddhi chendindi. troplalo okati, eestar marning praardhanaku chendina quem querities anie pilavabadedi, 950 samvatsaramlo oka chinna natakamga abhivruddhi chendindi. migili unna puraatana vraatapuurvaka muulam winchester troper. 1000va samvatsaram chuttoo idhi uttara airopalo vistrutamgaa paadabadindi.
twaralone, eestar nuu anusarinchi sangeetaparamgaa mariyu vachanaparamgaa ilanti chrismus natakam abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, mariyu itara natakalu anusarinchabaddaayi.
itara vishayaalalo chaalaa vistrutamaina mariyu khachitamaina rangasthala disalu, vaayidyaala bhagaswamyanni abhyardhinchavu kabatti, atuvanti naatakaala vaayidyaala thodugaa sangeeta saastravettalalo vivaadam undhi. eee naatakaalanu sanyaasulu, sanyaasinulu mariyu poojaarulu pradarsinchaaru. matlade loukika naatakaalaku viruddhamgaa, prardhana natakam ellappuduu paadabadedi. aadhunika punarnirmaanam mariyu pradarsananu anumatinchadaaniki chaalaa varaku samrakshinchabaddaayi (udaaharanaku "daniel natakam", idhi iteevala kaneesam padhi saarlu namodu cheyabadindi).
unnata madhyayuga sangeetam (1000-1300).
golliards.
goliards padava sataabdam nundi padamuudava sataabdam madhyakaalam varaku airopaloni prayaana kavi-sangeetakaarulu. chaalaa mandhi panditulu ledhaa mataguruvulu, vaaru laatinlo vraasi paadaaru. chaalaa kavitalu manugadalo unnappatikee, sangeetam chaalaa takkuvagaa undhi. vaaru bahusha anusarinchaalsina troubador-truvier sampradaayampai prabhaavavantamgaa-nirnayaatmakamgaa kooda-undevaaru. vaari kavitvamlo ekkuva bhaagam loukikamainadi, konni paatalu mataparamaina aadarsaalanu jarupukuntaayi, marikonni spashtamgaa apavitramainavi, madyapaanam, vyabhicharam mariyu vyabhicharam gurinchi matladatayi. goliards chansones yokka atyanta mukhyamaina moolaalalo okati caramina burana.
"ars antikwa".
1150 nundi 1250 varaku notre daam paatasaala yokka polyphony pushpinchadam gothik nirmaanamloo samanamga aakattukune vijayalaku anugunamgaa undih vaastavaaniki karyakalapala kendram notre daam cathedrallone undhi. konnisaarlu eee kaalapu sangeetaanni parisian paatasaala ledhaa parisian arganum anie pilustaaru, mariyu saampradayakamgaa "ars antica" anie piluvabade prarambhanni suuchistumdi. paaschaatya sangeetamlo layabaddha sanketam modata kanipinchina kaalam idhe, pradhanamgaa layabaddhamaina reetulu anie piluvabade layabaddhamaina sanketam yokka sandarbha-aadhaarita paddhati.
idhi adhikaarika nirmaanam yokka bhavanalu abhivruddhi chendina kaalam, ivi nishpatti, aakruti mariyu nirmaana prabhaavaaniki shraddha vahinchaayi. aaa kaalaaniki chendina swarakartalu fluoride mariyu discont aargaanamnu (fluoride rakamlo kanipinche deerghakaala swaraalaku vyatiraekamgaa aneka swaraala melismala paramparaku viruddhamgaa, marinta swara-vyatiraeka swaram) pratyamnaayamgaa srushtinchaaru mariyu aneka kotta sangeeta roopaalanu srushtinchaaruh clausula, ivi argana yokka melismatic vibhagalu, kotta padaalu mariyu marinta sangeeta vistaranatoe ponduparachabaddaayi; conductus, ivi okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva swaraalanu layabaddhamgaa paadataaniki paatalu, bahusha oka vidhamaina ooregimpulo; mariyu tropes, ivi paatha shlokam yokka vibhaagaalaku kotta padaalu mariyu konnisaarlu kotta sangeetaanni jodinchaayi. okati tappa eee sailulannee shlokam meeda aadharapadi undevi; antey, oka swaram, (saadhaaranamgaa moodu, konnisaarlu naalugu) daadaapu ellappuduu atyalpamaina (eee samayamlo taynor) swaram sraavyatanu paadutundi, ayithe swechchagaa swaraparichina swara-podavulatho, daanipai itara swaraalu arganum paadataayi. eee paddhatiki minahaayimpu conductus, idhi puurtigaa swechchagaa kuurchabadina rendu-vois kuurpu.
unnata madhya yugaalu mariyu punarujjeevanamlo atyanta mukhyamaina sangeeta roopaalalo okataina motet, clazula nundi notre daam kaalamlo praarambhamlo abhivruddhi chendindi, mukhyamgaa perotene vivarinchina vidhamgaa bahula swaraalanu upayoginche roopam, mukhyamgaa thana puurveekulaloo chaalaa mandini (cathedral yokka cananga) leonin yokka podavaina fluorid klaajulaanu discont shaililo pratyaamnaayaalato bharti cheyadam dwara dheeniki maargam sugamam chesindi. kramamga, eee pratyaamnaayaala yokka mottam pustakaalu vividha shlokaala lopala mariyu velupala amarchadaaniki andubaatulo unnaayi. vaastavaaniki, sandarbhanusaramga upayoginchagaligina daanikante ekkuva unnaayi kabatti, samuuhamlooni itara bhagalalo ledhaa vyaktigata bhaktulalo clazula swatantramgaa pradarsinchabadatam praarambhamai undavacchu. aaa vidhamgaa aacharinche clazula, prardhana rahita padaalatoe taakinappudu motetga maarindi, idhi padnaalugo sataabdamloo, "ars nova" kaalamlo goppa vistarana, adhunaatanata mariyu suukshmata roopamgaa marinta abhivruddhi chendindi. eee shakam nundi manugadalo unna vraatapratullo montpellier codex, bomberg codex mariyu laas huelgass codex unnaayi.
eee kaalapu swarakarthalalo leonin, perotene, doubleu. dii vaikomb, aadam dii seyint. victor, mariyu petrus dii cruuse (pierry dii laa chroix). oka breeve yokka podavuku saripoyela moodu semibrevlaku paiga vraase aavishkaranaku petrus ghanata pondaadu. asampoorna ushnograta aavishkaranaku mundu, eee abhyasam ippudu "petronian" motetlu anie piluvabade yuganni praarambhinchindi. 13va sataabdam chivaralo eee rachanalu moodu nundi naalugu bhagaluga unnaayi mariyu ekakaalamlo paadina aneka grandhaalanu kaligi unnaayi. vaastavaaniki, tenor line (latin "tener", "pattukoodaaniki" nundi) asalu laatinlo mundugaa unna prardhana shloka panktini kaligi undhi, ayithe paina perkonna okati, rendu ledhaa moodu swaraala vachanam, "voses organals" anie piluvabadutundi, prardhana amsampai laatinlo ledhaa sthaanika french bhaashalo vyakhyaanaanni andinchindi. bhagalu guninchina koddi "vose organals" yokka layabaddhamaina viluvalu taggai, "duplum" (taynor paina unna bhaagam) taynor kante takkuva layabaddhamaina viluvalanu kaligi untundi, "triplum" ("duplum" paina unna rekha) "duplum" kante takkuva layabaddhamaina viluvalanu kaligi untundi, modalainavi. samayam gadichekoddi, "vokes organals" yokka grandhaalu prakrutilo loukikamgaa marai mariyu taynor lineloni prardhana grandhamtho takkuva mariyu takkuva bahiranga sambandhaanni kaligi unnaayi.
fraanslo, italeelo mariyu inglandlo sangeetam aaa samayamlo chaalaa bhinnamaina maargaalanu enchukunnappatiki, petronian chalanalalo kanipinche perugutunna layabaddha sanklishtata 14va sataabdam yokka praathamika lakshanamgaa untundi.
shanta maria cantigas.
contigas dii shanta maria ("conticals off seyint. maerii) anedi sangeeta sangnaamaanamtho kuudina 420 kavitalu, ivi alphonso x "dhi vize" (1221-1284) paalanalo galician-portugees bhaashalo vrayabaddayi. eee manuscript bahusha 1270 nundi 1280 varaku sankalanam cheyabadi, prati 10 kavitalaku oka prakaasamtoe baga alankarinchabadindi. eee prakaasaalu tarachugaa sangeetakaarulu eee manuscriptnu madhyayuga sangeeta vigrahaaraadhanaku pratyekinchi mukhyamaina vanarugaa marchadanni varnistaayi. contigas" tarachugaa alphonso kii aapaadinchabadinappatikii, athanu swayamgaa swarakarta kaadaa, ledhaa bahusha compiler kaadaa anae daanipai aspashtamgaa undhi; alphonso kramam tappakunda "contigas" utpattilo palgonna sangeetakaarulu mariyu kavulanu rajasabhaku aahvaaninchevaaru.
idhi madhya yugaala nundi monophonic (solo) paatala atipedda sekaranalalo okati mariyu prati paatalo virgine maerii prastaavana kaligi untundi, ayithe prati padava paata oka shlokam. eee vraatapratulu naalugu kodislalo migili unnaih rendu ell escorial vadda, okati modrid yokka national librarylo mariyu okati italeelooni florencelo unnaayi. konnintiloo vividha rakaala vaayidyaalanu vaayinche sangeetakaarula jatalanu choopinche rangula suukshmachitraalu unnaayi.
ibbandi, ibbandi mariyu ibbandi.
troubadores mariyu truveres sangeetam ekaswara loukika paata yokka sthaanika sampradaayam, bahusha vaayidyaalatoe paatu, vruttiparamaina, appudappudu prayaaninchaevaaru, gayakulu mariyu vaayidyakaarula vale naipunhyam kaligina kavulu, sangeetakaarulu paadaaru. troubadors bhasha auxiton (langue dii 'ook ledhaa provensal anie kooda pilustaaru); trouverse bhasha paatha french (langue dii' ayil anie kooda pilustaaru). eee ibbandikaramaina kaalam pannendava sataabdam varaku mariyu padamuudava dasaabdam modati dasaabdam varaku konasagina saamskrutika jeevitam yokka pushpinche kaalaaniki anugunamgaa undhi. kashtataramaina paata yokka vilakshanhamaina amsaalu yuddham, shouryam mariyu aasthaana prema-dhooram nundi aadarsavantamaina mahila yokka prema. albigensian crusade taruvaata troubadorla kaalam, cather matavisvaasaalanu (mariyu dakshinaadi sampadanu swaadheenam chesukovalane uttara baranla korika) tolaginchadaaniki pope amayaka III chesina teevramaina pracharam ksheeninchindi. manugadalo unna ibbandikaramaina vyaktulu portugal, speyin, uttara italii ledhaa uttara fraansku (truvere sampradaayam nivasinchina pradaesam) vellaaru, akkada vaari naipunyaalu mariyu paddhatulu aaa pradaesaalaloo loukika sangeeta samskruti yokka taruvaati parinaamaalaku dohadapaddayi.
trouverlu mariyu troubadourlu oke vidhamaina sangeeta sailulanu panchukunnaru, conny trouverlu saadhaaranamgaa kuleenulu. trouverse sangeetam troubadores maadirigaane undedi, conny padamuudava sataabdam varaku albigensian crusade dwara prabhaavitam kakunda manugada saaginchagaligindi. migili unna rendu vaelaku paiga truvere paatalalo chaalaa varaku sangeetam untundi, mariyu daanitoe paatu vachhe kavitvam vale goppa adhunaatanatanu chooputundi.
minnescenger sampradaayam paschimaana troubadores mariyu traverse kaaryakalaapaalaku germany pratiroopam. duradrushtavasaattu, aaa samayam nundi konni muulaalu manugada saaginchaayi; minnesang yokka muulaalu ekkuvagaa udyamam garishta sthaayiki cherukunna rendu ledhaa moodu sataabdaala nundi unnaayi, idhi eee muulaala khachitatvampai kontha vivaadaaniki daariteesindi. manugadalo unna sangeetamtho minnesangerlalo wolfram vaan eschenbatch, walther vaan derr vogelveed mariyu needhart vaan reuenthal unnaaru.
trovadorismo.
madhya yugaalalo, daadaapu iberialoni anni praantaalalo geetha kavitvam kosam galician-portugees bhashanu upayoginchaaru. eee bhasha nundi aadhunika galician mariyu portugees rendoo udbhavinchaayi. kontavaraku (pradhanamgaa konni adhikaarika amsaalalo) auxiton troubadores dwara prabhaavitamaina galician-portugees paatasaala, pannendava sataabdam chivarilo modatisaari namodu cheyabadindi mariyu padnaalugo madhyakaalam varaku konasaagindi.
eee paatasaalalo mottamodati rachana saadhaaranamgaa portugees jovo soars dii paivache "oraa faz ost 'oo senhore dii nawarra" gaa angeekarinchabadindi, idhi saadhaaranamgaa 1200 kii mundu ledhaa taruvaata naatidi. udyamam yokka ibbandulanu, auxiton troubadores (sameepamloni leone mariyu castilelo tarachugaa kortulaku vellevaaru) thoo ayomayam chendakudadu, daadaapu puurtigaa "contigas" anie raasaaru. bahusha padamuudava sataabdam madhyalo praarambhamaina eee paatalu, "contares" ledhaa "trovas" anie kooda piluvabadevi, "cancioniros" (paatala pustakaalu) anie piluvabade sekaranalalo sankalanam cheyabadatam praarambhinchaayi. atuvanti moodu sankalanaalu telisinavi cancioniro daa azuda, cancioniro kolosi-brancuity (ledhaa cancioniro daa biblioteca national dii lisbova), mariyu cancioniro daa vatikana. veetitho paatu contigas dii shanta marialo 400 kii paiga galician-portugees "contigas" yokka amoolyamaina sekarana undhi, idhi alphonso X kuu sambandhinchina sampradaayam.
galician-portugees "contigas" nuu moodu praathamika sailulugaa vibhajinchavachhuh maga-gaatra prema kavitvam, "contigas dii amore" (ledhaa "contigas dii amore", galician-portugees spellinglo) stree-gaatra prema kavitvam, "contigas dii amigo" (ledhaa "contigas dii amigo") anie pilustaaru; mariyu "contigas dii escarnio ii maldiser" (ledhaa "contigas dii escarno ii dii maall dieser") anie piluvabade avamaanakaramaina mariyu apahaasya kavitvam. eee muuduu saahitya sailulu, saanketika konamlo avi sangeeta thodugaa ledhaa theega vaayidyampai parichayamtho kuudina kathinamaina paatalu. conny eee moodu sailulu kooda naatakeeya amsaalanu kaligi unnaayi, ivi prarambha panditulu vaatini saahitya-natakeeyamgaa vargeekarinchadaaniki daariteesaayi.
contigas dii 'amore yokka muulaalu saadhaaranamgaa provensal mariyu paatha french saahitya kavitvamlo kanugonabaddayi, conny adhikarikamga mariyu alankaarikamgaa avi chaalaa bhinnamgaa untaayi. contigas dii 'amigo" bahusha sthaanika paatala sampradaayamlo paatukupoyi undavacchu, ayithe eee abhiprayam vivadaspadamga undhi. contigas dii 'escornho ii maldiser" kooda (long prakaram) lothaina sthaanika muulaalanu kaligi undavacchu. taruvaati rendu sailulu (mottam 900 grandhaalu) madhyayuga srungaara kavitvam yokka mottam panoramaalo galician-portugees geetaanni pratyaekamainavigaa chestaayi.
madhyayuga sangeetam (1300-1400).
france "ars nova".
ars nova" prarambham madhyayuga sangeetamlo konni spashtamaina kalakramanusara vibhagalalo okati, endukante idhi 1310 mariyu mariyu kavitvam mariyu sangeetam yokka bhaarii sankalanam ayina "roman dii fouwell" prachuranaku anugunamgaa untundi. "roman dii fouwell" anedi madhyayuga charchilo durviniyogaalapai vyangyamgaa undhi, mariyu madhyayuga motetlu, lies, rondox mariyu itara kotta loukika roopaalatho nindi undhi. chaalaa varaku sangeetam anamakamga unnappatikee, indulo isoritamic motet yokka modati swarakarthalalo okaraina phillip dii vitri raasina aneka bhagalu unnaayi, idhi padnaalugo sataabdaanni veruchese abhivruddhi. isorithmic motetnu aaa kaalamlooni atyuttama swarakarta gilloum dii machat paripuurnam chesaaru.
ars nova" yugamlo, loukika sangeetam gatamlo pavitra sangeetamlo matrame kanipinche bahuswara adhunaatanatanu pondindi, prarambha punarujjeevanam yokka loukika swabhaavaanni parigananaloki teesukunte aascharyakaram kaadu (eee sangeetaanni saadhaaranamgaa "madhyayuga" gaa pariganistaaru, dheenini utpatti chesina saamaajika saktulu italeelo saahitya mariyu kalaatmaka punarujjeevanaaniki kaaranamayyaayi-madhya yugaalu mariyu punarujjeevanaala madhya vyatyaasam aspashtamainadi, mukhyamgaa kalalanu sangeetam mariyu painting vale bhinnamgaa pariganinchadam). ars nova" (kotta kala, ledhaa kotta saanketikata) anae padaanni phillip dii vitri thana aaa paeru gala grandhamlo (bahusha (bahusha vraayabadindi), eee abhyasanni ventane munupati yugam yokka sangeetam nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki roopondinchaaru.
ars nova yokka aadhipatya loukika shaili "chansone", endukante idhi fraanslo maroe rendu sataabdaala paatu konasaagindi. eee chamsanlu vaaru sett chesina kavitvaaniki anugunamgaa sangeeta roopaallo swaraparachabaddaayi, ivi "rondo", "ballad" mariyu "virelai" yokka "forms fixes" anie pilavabadevi. eee roopaalu sangeeta nirmaanam yokka abhivruddhini netikee anubhooti chendutunna margallo gananeeyamgaa prabhaavitam chesaayi; udaaharanaku, mugguru panchukunna "avert-close" padyam-pathakam sangeeta saakshaatkaaraanni korindi, idhi puurvapu mariyu paryavasanamga padabandhaala yokka aadhunika bhavanaku neerugaa dohadapadindi. eee kaalamlone saamuuhika saadhaarana sthithini nelakolpe sudeergha sampradaayam praarambhamaindi. eee sampradaayam sataabdam madhyakaalamlo kaireelu, glorias modalaina vaati vivikta ledhaa jatha chesina amarikalatho praarambhamaindi., conny machout oke kuurpugaa bhaavinchina modati puurti dravyaraasigaa bhaavinche daanini rachinchaadu. ars nova sangeetam yokka dhwani prapancham chaalaa varaku sarala praamukhyata mariyu layabaddha sanklishtata kaligi untundi. "vishraanti" viramalu aidava mariyu ashtapadaalu, moodava mariyu aarava asamaanatalugaa pariganinchabadataayi. vyaktigata swaraalalo aarava vanthu kante ekkuva dookadam asaadhaaranam kaadu, idhi kaneesam loukika pradarsanalo vaayidyaala bhagaswamyam gurinchi oohaagaanaalaku daariteestundi. manugadalo unna french vraatapratullo ivria codex mariyu opt codex unnaayi.
madhyayuga yugam chivarilo vraasina nirdishta french swarakartala gurinchi samacharam kosam, jehann dii lescurel, phillip dii vitri, gilloum dii machat, borlet, solage mariyu francois andreau chudandi.
italii "treasanto".
ars nova" yokka sangeetamlo ekkuva bhaagam french muulaaniki chendinadi; ayithe, eee padam tarachugaa padnaalugo sataabdapu anni sangeethaaniki, mukhyamgaa italeelooni loukika sangeetaanni chaerchadaaniki, vadulugaa vartinchabadutundi. akkada eee kaalanni tarachugaa "treasanto" anie pilicheevaaru. italian sangeetam ellappuduu daani lyrical ledhaa sraavyamaina paatraku prasiddhi chendindi, idhi aneka vidhaluga 14va sataabdam naatidi. eee kaalamlooni italian loukika sangeetam (kontha bhinnamaina sangnaamaanam minaha akkada migili unna prardhana sangeetam frenchto samanamga undhi) "cantalina" shaili anie pilavabadedi, rendu (ledhaa okati kooda; italian treasanto sangeetam yokka sarasamaina mottam rendu swaraalaku matrame) maddatu ichhe fluorid top vaayistoe marinta kramam tappakunda mariyu nemmadigaa kadulutundi. eee rakamaina aakruti 15va mariyu 16va sataabdapu prasiddha loukika sailulalo kooda italian sangeetamlo oka lakshanamgaa migilipoyindi, mariyu 17va sataabdamloo sangeetamlo viplavaatmaka maarpulu tecchina moodu sailula chivariki abhivruddhipai idhi oka mukhyamaina prabhavam choopindi.
tresentolo loukika rachanalaku moodu pradhana roopaalu undevi. okati madragal, samvatsaraala taruvaata 150-250 maadirigaa kaadu, conny padyam/viramam lanty roopamtho. moodu-panktula charanaalu, prati okkati ververu padaalatoe, rendu-panktula "retornale" thoo pratyamnaayamgaa untaayi, prati roopamlo oke vachanamtho untaayi. bahusha eee parikaramlo taruvaati chivari-punarujjeevanam mariyu barok retornello yokka vittanaalanu manam chudavachu; idhi kooda daani chuttupakkala vibhina vibhaagaalaku viruddhamgaa, pratisaaree gurtinchadagina, mallee mallee tirigi vastundi. maroka roopam, "kasia" ("chaze",) anedi ekaswaramlo oka kaananlo rendu swaraala kosam vraayabadindi. konnisaarlu, eee roopamlo retornello kooda untundi, idhi appudappudu kooda oka praamaanika shaililo untundi. saadhaaranamgaa, eee kalaa prakriya paeru dwandwa ardhaanni andinchindi, endukante "kasia" yokka grandhaalu pradhanamgaa vaetalu mariyu sambandhita bahiranga karyakalapala gurinchi ledhaa kaneesam action-nindina drushyaala gurinchi untaayi; rendava ardham emitante, oka vois "kasia" (anusaristundi, taruvaata nadustundi) munupatidi. moodava pradhana roopam "ballata", idhi dadapuga french "virelay" kuu samanam.
manugadalo unna italian vraatapratullo squarsialupi codex mariyu rossie codex unnaayi. madhyayugapu chivaralo vraasina nirdishta italian swarakartala gurinchi samacharam kosam, francesco laandini, gherardello daa firenge, andrea daa firenge, lorenzo daa firenge, geovanni daa firenge (akaa geovanni daa cassia), bartolino daa padova, jacopo daa bologna, donato daa cassia, lorenzo maasini, nikolo daa peruzia mariyu mastro piero chudandi.
germany "geislerlider".
geislerleader anedi vaari sariiraalanu mabhyapettadamtho paatu paschaattaapa sangeetam dwara kopamgaa unna devuni kopaanni saantaparachadaaniki prayatninchina flagellentla yokka tirugutunna brundaala paatalu. gysleride yokka rendu ververu karyakalapala kaalalu unnaih okati padamuudava sataabdam madhyalo, duradrushtavasaattu, yea sangeetam manugada saaginchaledu (aneka saahityaalu unnappatikee); mariyu marokati 1349 nundi, dheeni kosam udyamam gurinchi vraasi daani sangeetaanni record chesina oke poojaari drushti kaaranamgaa padaalu mariyu sangeetam rendoo chekkuchedarakunda unnaayi. eee rendava kaalam airopalo nalla maranam vyaaptiki anugunamgaa undhi, mariyu european charitralo atyanta bhayankaramaina sanghatanalalo okadaanni namodu chestundi. gysleride karyakalapala yokka rendu kaalalu pradhanamgaa germanylo undevi.
"ars subtilier".
yea sangeeta shakam chivarilo tarachugaa chuusinatlugaa, madhyayuga yugam mugimpu "ars subtilier" anie piluvabade atyanta maryaadapuurvakamaina shailitho gurtinchabadutundi. konni vidhaluga, idhi french mariyu italian sailulanu kalipe prayatnam. eee sangeetam 20va sataabdam varaku saripolani layabaddhamaina sanklishtatatoe atyanta saileekrutamainadi. vaastavaaniki, eee pradarsanasaala yokka layabaddhamaina sanklishtata aidunnara sataabdaala paatu chaalaa varaku saatilenidigaa undatame kakunda, teevramaina samakaaleekaranalu, mensural trick mariyu "agenmusic" yokka udaaharanalu (gunde aakaaramlo manuscript loe vraasina bowd cardier chetha cheyabadina chansone vantivi), conny daani sraavyamaina padaartham kooda chaalaa sanklishtamgaa undhi, mukhyamgaa layabaddhamaina nirmaanaalatoo daani paraspara charyalo. ars nova kinda ippatike charchinchabadina isorithm abhyasam, idhi sataabdam chivari varaku abhivruddhi chendadam konasaagindi mariyu vaastavaaniki 15va sataabdam prarambham varaku daani atyunnata sthaayi adhunaatanatanu saadhinchaledu. okati ledhaa rendu swaraalalo isorithmic paddhatulanu upayoginchadaaniki ledhaa vaatini swaraala madhya vartakam cheyadaaniki badulugaa, konni rachanalu vistrutamaina isorithmic aakrutini kaligi unnaayi, idhi 20va sataabdapu samagra serialisanku layabaddhamaina mariyu swara muulakaala kramabaddhamaina kramamlo pratyarthigaa undhi. meditism" anae padaanni taruvaati panditulu vartimpajesaaru, endukante idhi tarachugaa, daani swantha prayojanam kosam abhyasinchabadutunna adhunaatanata yokka abhipraayaaniki pratispandanagaa, kontamandi rachayitalu "ars subtilier" kuu sokinatlu bhaavinchina oka vyaadhi.
ars subtilier chansones yokka atyanta mukhyamaina moolaalalo okati chantilly codex. ars subtilier" shaililo sangeetam vraase nirdishta swarakartala gurinchi samacharam kosam, anthonello dii casserta, phillippus dii casserta (philipoctus dii casserta anie pilustaaru), johannes sikonia, matteo daa peruzia, lorenzo daa firenge, grimes, jacob seneleches mariyu bowd cardier chudandi.
punarujjeevanaaniki maaradam.
sangeeta kuurpuku sambandhinchi madhyayuga yugam mugimpu mariyu punarujjeevanodyama yugam prarambhanni gurtinchadam kashtam. padnaalugo sataabdapu sangeetam bhaavanalo spashtamgaa madhyayugamgaa unnappatikee, padihenava sataabdam prarambha sangeetam tarachugaa parivartana kaalaaniki chendinadigaa bhaavinchabadutundi, madhya yugaala mugimpu yokka konni aadarsaalanu nilupukovadame kakunda (oka rakamaina bahuswara rachana, indulo bhagalu okadaanikokati vistrutamgaa bhinnamgaa untaayi, endukante prati okkati daani nirdishta vachana paniteerunu kaligi untundi), conny punarujjeevanam yokka konni lakshanaalanu kooda chooputundi (airopa antataa franco-flemish sangeetakaarula vyaapti dwara abhivruddhi chendutunna antarjaateeya shaili mariyu nirmaanam paramgaa bhagala samaanatvam perugutondi). punarujjeevana shakam eppudu praarambhamaindanae daanipai sangeeta charitrakaarulu ekibhavincharu, ayithe chaalaa mandhi charitrakaarulu padihenava sataabdam praarambhamlo ingland ippatikee madhyayuga samajamga undani angeekaristunnaaru (madhya yugaala kalakrama samasyalanu chudandi). ekaabhipraayam laenappatikee, 1400 upayogakaramaina marker, endukante aaa samayamlone italeelo punarujjeevanam saravegamgaa praarambhamaindi.
moodava bhaagam yokka viraamampai oka halluga perugutunna aadharapadatam anedi punarujjeevanamloki parivartana yokka atyanta spashtamaina lakshanaalalo okati. 12va sataabdam nundi vaadukalo unna polyphony, 14va sataabdam antataa atyanta swatantra swaraalatoe marinta vistrutamgaa maarindi. zaan dunstople mariyu itara aangla svarakartalato, paakshikamgaa faberden yokka sthaanika saanketikata dwara (oka mantra sraavyata mariyu daani paina samaantaramgaa aarava bhaagamlo pradhanamgaa vraasina bhaganni taruvaati krinda khachitamaina naaluginta oka bhaagamlo paadina oka vyakti alankarinche oka merugudala prakriya, mariyu taruvaata khandamlo "foxboardon" gaa pattubattindi), moodava yokka viramam oka mukhyamaina sangeeta abhivruddhiga udbhavinchindi; eee "containance angloise" ("aangla mukhabhavamu") kaaranamgaa, aangla swarakartala sangeetam tarachugaa sangeeta charitralo sikshana pondani 2000la yugam prekshakulaku takkuva nijamgaa vintagaa anipinchina modatidigaa pariganinchabadutundi.
eee vishayamlo aangla saileekruta dhoranulu falinchaayi mariyu 1420la praarambhamloonae khandantara swarakartalanu prabhaavitam cheyadam praarambhinchaayi, idhi yuva dufay rachanalalo chudavachu. vanda samvatsaraala yuddham konasaginappatiki, aangla prabhuvulu, sainyalu, vaari chappels mariyu anucharulu, anduvalla vaari swarakarthalalo kondaru fraanslo paryatinchi, akkada vaari sangeetaanni pradarsinchaaru; eee samayamlo uttara fraanslooni bhaagaalanu aangleyulu niyantrinchaarani kooda gurthunchukovali. aangla vraatapratullo versester sakalaalu, paatha seyint unnaayi. andrus sangeeta pustakam, paatha haall manuscript mariyu egerton manuscript. madhyayuga mariyu punarujjeevanaala madhya parivartanagaa pariganinchabade nirdishta swarakartala gurinchi samacharam kosam, jackera daa terramo, pavolo daa firenge, geovanni majwoli, antonio daa cividale, antonius romanus, bartolomeo daa bologna, raay henry, arnald dii lantins, leonel power mariyu zaan dunstople chudandi.
punarujjeevana franco-flemish paatasaalaku chendina prarambha swarakarta johannes okegem (1410/1425-1497). athanu 15va sataabdam chivari bhaagamlo franco-flemish paatasaalalo atyanta prasiddha sabhyudu, mariyu tarachugaa dufay mariyu josquin dess prez madhya atyanta prabhaavavantamaina swarakartagaa pariganinchabaddaadu. okegem bahusha gilles binchoisto adhyayanam chesi, kaneesam burgundian aasthaanamlo athanitho sannihita sambandham kaligi unnadu. antoin busnois okegem gouravaartham oka motet raasaaru. okegem anedi burgundian shaili nundi obrecht mariyu josquin vanti netherlands yokka tadupari taraaniki pratyaksha anusandhanam. josquin dess prez mariyu taruvaati taram netherlanderlapy balamaina prabhavam chuupina okegem thana saanketika paraakramaaniki samanamga prasiddhi chendinappatikii, thana vyakteekarana sangeethaaniki airopa antataa prasiddhi chendaadu.
prabhavam.
perotene yokka sangeeta sailulu 20va sataabdapu swarakartalaina zaan luther audums mariyu minimalist swarakarta steve reach vanti vaarini prabhaavitam chesaayi.
madhyayuga vaayidyaanni kaligi undataaniki prasiddha pop paatalanu remix cheyadamlo palgone bardcore, bardcore prajaadarana pondina meemga maarindi.

