
nambu-zona-lasinio namuunaa

quantum kshetra siddhaantamlo, nambu-zona-lasinio namuunaa (ledhaa marinta khachitamgaah nambu mariyu zona-lasinio namuunaa) anedi nucleons mariyu messance yokka sanklishtamaina prabhaavavantamaina siddhaantam, idhi dirac fermiansnu kairal samaruupatatoe sankarshana chendadam dwara nirminchabadindi, idhi bcs suupar conductivity siddhaantamlo electronla nundi sahakaara jatala nirmaanaaniki samaantaramgaa untundi. quantum chromodynamics yokka marinta praathamika siddhaantam yokka takkuva-shakti ujjaayimpugaa ippudu chudabadutunnanduna siddhaantam yokka "sanklishtata" marinta sahajamgaa maarindi, idhi takkuva saktula vadda kalavarapette vidhamgaa panicheyadu.
sameeksha.
eee namuunaa ghana sthithi siddhaantam yokka vividha rangaala nundi chaalaa prerana pondindi, mukhyamgaa 1957 BC purogati nundi. nambu-zona-lasinio namuunaa yokka modati aavishkarta yoichiro nambu kooda suupar conductivity siddhaantaaniki tappanisarigaa dohadapaddadu, antey.ii., "nambu formalism" dwara. rendava aavishkarta geovanni zona-lasinio. eee namuunaanu pravesapettina rachayitala saadhaarana kaagitam 1961loe kanipinchindi. tadupari kaagitamlo kairal cemetry breaking, isospin mariyu vintha unnaayi.
adhe samayamlo, adhe namuunaanu soviet bhouthika saastravettalu valentin vaaks mariyu anatoli larkin swatantramgaa pariganinchaaru.
eee namuunaa chaalaa saanketikamainadi, ayithe idhi tappanisarigaa samaruupata suutraalapai aadharapadi untundi. idhi naalugu-fermian paraspara charyala praamukhyataku oka udaaharana mariyu idhi samaana sankhyalo kolatalato antariksha samayamlo nirvachinchabadindi. idhi ippatikee mukhyamainadi mariyu quantum chromodynamicsku kathinamaina takkuva shakti pratyamnaayamgaa kakapoyina praathamikamgaa prabhaavavantamgaa upayoginchabadutundi.
fermian paraspara charyala nundi ghaneebhavinchina padaartham yokka dynamic srushti, technicolor mariyu top-quart ghaneebhavinchina padaartham vanti vidyudvislaeshanha samaruupata vichchinnam gurinchi aneka siddhaantaalanu prerepinchindi.
modata oka ruchi kesutho praarambhinchi, lagrangian saandrata
λ" kuu anulomaanupaatamlo unde padaalu naalugu-fermian paraspara charyalu, ivi BCS siddhaantaaniki samaantaramgaa untaayi.
namuunaa yokka global cemetry u (1) q × u (1) χ, ikkada q anedi diarock fermian yokka saadhaarana chaarj mariyu χ anedi kairal chaarj.
kairal samaruupata kaaranamgaa bair maas padam ledhu. ayithe, oka kairal ghaneebhavinche (conny nirbandham ledhu) untundi, idhi samarthavanthamaina dravyarashi padam mariyu kairal samaruupata yokka aakasmika samaruupata vichchinnaaniki daariteestundi, conny chaarj samaruupata kaadu.
n" ruchulu mariyu latin aksharalu "a", "b", "c" dwara suchinchabade ruchi suuchikalatoe, lagrangian saandrata avutundi.
kairal samaruupata anedi oka dravyarashi padaanni nishedhistundi, conny kairal ghaneebhavinche padaalu undavacchu. ikkada global cemetry anedi suu ("n") l × suu ("n") r × yuu (1) q × yuu (1) χ, ikkada suu ("n") l × suu ("n") r varusaga edama chethi ruchulu mariyu kudi chethi ruchulapai panichestundi, idhi kairal cemetry (maroe maatalo cheppalante, edama chethi mariyu kudi chethi ruchula madhya sahaja sambandham ledhu), yuu (1) kyuu anedi dirac chaarj, dheenini konnisaarlu barrion sankhya anie pilustaaru mariyu yuu (1) χ anedi akshasambandha chaarj. oka kairal ghaneebhavinchinatlayite, appudu kairal samaruupata yaadrucchikamgaa vikarna upa samuuham suu ("enn") gaa vibhajinchabadutundi, endukante ghaneebhavinchinadi edama chethi mariyu kudi chethi ruchula jataku daariteestundi. akshasambandha charge kooda aakasmikamgaa vichchinnamavutundi.
virigina samaruupatalu dravyarashi laeni sudoskelar bosanlaku daariteestaayi, veetini konnisaarlu pians anie pilustaaru. goaled stone bosan chudandi.
paerkonnatlugaa, eee namuunaanu konnisaarlu kairal parimitiloo quantum chromodynamics yokka drugvishaya namoonaga upayogistaaru. ayithe, idhi kairal cemetry breaking mariyu kairal condensatelanu modal cheyagaliginappatiki, idhi modal nirbandham kaadu. alaage, eee namoonaalo akshasambandha samaruupata aakasmikamgaa vichchinnamavutundi, idhi cusidy vale kakunda dravyarashi laeni bangaaru raathi bosanku daariteestundi, ikkada idhi kramarahitamgaa vichchinnamavutundi.
nambu-zona-lasinio namuunaa naalugu antariksha kaala kolatalalo asaadhaaranamainadi kabatti, eee siddhaantam samarthavanthamaina kshetra siddhaantam matrame kaavacchu, idhi UV puurti cheyalsina avasaram undhi.

