
ferenk naagii

ferenk naagii (; 8 october 1903-12 juun 1979) chinna holders party yokka hangerian raajakeeyavetta, 1946 nundi 1947loe balavantamgaa rajinama chese varaku hangari pradhana mantrigaa panicheesaaru. ayana hangari jaateeya assembly speaker mariyu 1945 nundi 1946 varaku unnata jaateeya mandali sabhyudiga kooda unnaaru. naagii hangareeki prajasvaamyayutamgaa ennikaina rendava pradhana mantri, mariyu 1990 varaku communistu ledhaa thoti yaatrikudu kaani chivari vyakti. tadupari hangerian pradhana mantri imre naageeki athanitho sambandham ledhu.
faasist vyatiraeka pratighatanalo palgonna deerghakaala raitu nyaayavaadi ayina naagii, chinna yajamaanulu, communistlu mariyu saamaajika prajaasvaamyavaadula goppa kuutamiki naayakatvam vahistuu, pradhaanamantrigaa thana swalpa padaveekaalamlo prajaasvaamya palananu ekikrutam cheyadaaniki prayatninchaadu. ayithe, soviet maddatugala hangerian communist party kutralanu ayana chivariki pratighatinchalekapoyaru, idhi athani palananu anachivesi, athani party ennikaina majorityni kalpita kutra dwara naasanam chesindi. communistu party upa pradhani mariyu nayakudu matyas rakosi chesina tirugubaatu, 1947 juunloo naagini rajinama chesi united stateslo bahishkarinchavalasi vachindi. tadanantaram, naagi hangerian valasa samaajaaniki nayakudu mariyu thoorpu european vyavaharalapai tarachugaa matlade vidya upanyaasakudu ayyadu. 1956 naati hangerian viplavam samayamlo thana swadaesaaniki tirigi raavadaaniki prayatninchina ayana, viphalamayyaadu, thana jeevitaantam americalone gadipadu.
jeevita charitra.
prarambha jeevitam mariyu vrutti.
naagii chinna pattanamaina bisseloni madhya sthaayi raitula kutumbamlo janminchaadu, sweeya-bodhinchina vyaktigaa vaartaa kathanaalu rayadam dwara thana raajakeeya jeevitaanni praarambhinchaadu. ayana sthaanika raitu sanghaalalo paalgoni, raitu sanghaaniki saha vyavasthaapakudu, 1930 octoberulo swatantra chinna yajamaanula party punaadiloo palgonnaru. athanu 1939loe paarlamentuloki pravesinchaadu, rendava prapancha yuddhamlo hangari bhaagaswaamya samayamlo akshashaktula vaipu yuddha vyatiraeka, naajii vyatiraeka karyakalapalalo palgonnadu. 1944 maarchilo germany hangareeni aakraminchina taruvaata, gestapo naageeni arrestu chesindi, conny geja lacatos prabhutvam mitraraajyaalato hangari viphalamaina yuddha viramana samayamlo atanni vidudala cheyadaaniki jokyam chesukundi. octoberulo baanam cross tirugubaatu taruvaata, erra sainyam hangareelooni chaalaa praantaala nundi naajeelanu tarimikottenta varaku naagi daakkunnaadu. athanu faasist vyatiraeka taatkaalika prabhutva samsthalo paalgoni, taatkaalika jaateeya assembleaki ennikayyaadu. naagi tvaralo zolton tildie taruvaata chinna yajamaanula party yokka rendava-inn-command ayyadu. 1945 navambarulo jarigina parliamentary ennikalaloo, swatantra chinna yajamaanula party prajaadarana pondina otlu mariyu parliamentary seetlalo ekkuva majorityni geluchukundi, conny soviet aadhipatya mitraraajyaala commission nundi vacchina ottidi vaarini communistlu mariyu saamaajika prajaasvaamyavaadulatho sankeerna erpaatuku balavantam chesindi. tildie kotta pradhana mantrigaa unnappudu, naagi kotta paarlamentu speakerga niyaminchabaddaaru, mariyu iddaroo hangari yokka taatkaalika saamuuhika rashtra adhipatigaa panichesina unnata jaateeya mandalilo sabhyulu ayyaru. 1946 fibravarilo hangari ganatantra raajyamgaa roopaantaram chendina taruvaata, tildie hangari adhyakshudiga padoonnati pondina taruvaata, naagi kotta pradhani ayyaru.
pradhana mantri.
pradhana mantrigaa, hangerian communist party prabhutvampai puurti niyantrananu pondadaaniki chesina prayatnaalanu ayana pratighatinchaaru, yuddhaaniki mundu kuleena vyavastha mariyu karmikavargam yokka kamyoonistula uddesinchina niyantrutvam rendintipai parliamentary prajaasvaamyaaniki anukuulamgaa unnaaru. yuddhamlo naasanamaina deshaanni vaarasatvamgaa pondina ayana prabhutvam, 1946 augustulo hangerian pengonu fornttho bharti cheyadam dwara adhika dravyolbana prapancha rikaardu retunu parishkarinchadamtho sahaa punarnirmaana praarambhaalanu paryaveekshinchindi. idhi united states sahayamtho jarigindi, juun 1946loe adhyakshudu harry truman yuddham mugimpulo us swaadheenam chesukunna bangaaru nilvalanu tirigi ivvadaaniki pradhana mantri naagitho angeekarinchinappudu, idhi lekunda sthireekarana asadhyam. athani prabhutvam 1947loe paris shanti oppandaalapai kooda santakam chesindi, rendava prapancha yuddhamlo hangari prameyaanni adhikarikamga muginchindi mariyu aaa yuddhamlo anni praadaesika laabhaalanu tyajinchindi, alaage soviet union, chekoslovekia mariyu yugoslaviaku nashtapariharam chellinchadaaniki angeekarinchindi. athani prabhutvam chekoslovekiyato janabha marpidi oppandampai kooda santakam chesindi, idhi slovakialoni chaalaa mandhi jaathi hangeriyanlanu bahishkarinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi, hangareelooni slovaklu chekoslovekialo punaravasam kosam darakhaastu chesukunnaru. 80, 000 kante takkuva hangerian slovaklu chivariki alaa chesaaru, chekoslovak adhyakshudu edward benes thana desamloni jaathi hangerian minoritylanu bahishkarinche pranaalikalanu daani jaathi germanlaku chesinatlugaa viphalaparichaaru.
adhe samayamlo, communistu party mariyu vaari thoti yaatrikulu tvaralo chinna yajamaanula paarteeki vyatiraekamgaa "salami vyuuhaalanu" amalu cheyadam praarambhinchaaru, daani parliamentary majorityni kolpotarani aasinchaaru, mariyu daani atyanta bahirangamgaa matlade communist vyatiraeka amsaalanu tolaginchaalani demand cheyadam praarambhinchaaru. idhi 1946 maarchilo communistlu, saamaajika prajaasvaamyavaadulu, jaateeya raitu paarteetho sahaa "vamapaksha kootami" erpaatutho praarambhamaindi, daadaapu prati samasyapai majority chinna vaataadaarulanu vyatirekinchindi, mariyu daani swantha agendaanu balavantam cheyadaaniki raajakeeya pratishtambhananu srushtinchaalanae uddesamto. daani modati demand chinna vaataadaarula parliamentary samuuham nundi 20 mandhi "prativaadi" lanu bahishkarinchadam, vaari majorityni tagginchadam. bahishkarinchabadina paarlamentu sabhyulu hangerian friedam paarteeni erpaatu chesaaru, idhi desamlo atyanta swaramaina communist vyatiraeka pratipaksha saktigaa maarindi. eee demandlanu pratighatinchadamlo balaheenata undani naageepai chaalaa mandhi thoti chinna yajamaanulu aaropanalu chesaaru, ayithe shanti oppandam charchinchabade varaku mariyu vaari soviet spaansarlu upasamharinchukune varaku kamyoonistulanu saantimpajeyadam athani antima lakshyam. kamyoonistulanu saantimpajeyadam dwara hangerian prabhutvam shanti oppandaaniki marinta anukuulamaina nibandhanalanu pondadaaniki mascoku vaari prayojanaanni upayoginchagaladani kooda ayana aasaabhaavam vyaktam chesaaru. soviet politburo yokka spashtamgaa hangerian vyatiraeka vaikhari unnappatikee, idhi hangari shanti oppandam demandlaku edhee maddatu ivvaledu mariyu vaastavaaniki alaa cheyadaanni tosipuchindi. chivariki, communistu party yokka sthaanam daani swantha prabhavanni penchukune kutra kante konchem ekkuva panichesindi.
1947 naati tirugubaatu.
1947 prarambham nundi appati deputy premiere matyas rakosi aadhvaryamlo communist party chinna yajamaanulapai thana daadulanu penchindi, vaari nayakulu vistaaramaina kutralo sahakarinchaarani aaropinchindi. vaaru dheenini balavantamgaa arrestu cheyadam mariyu daani 50 mandiki paiga empeelanu tirigi pilavadam praarambhinchadaaniki oka sakuga upayoginchaaru, idhi prajaswaamyabaddhamgaa gelichina majorityni vijayavantamgaa kolpoyina party. aaa samayamlo mitraraajyaala commission dwara hangareeni aakraminchina soviet union, pradhana mantri prameyam gurinchi aadhaaraalanu andinchadam dwara eee prakriyaloo keelaka paatra pooshinchindi, alaage chinna yajamaanula party yokka pramukha pradhana karyadarshi ayina belaa kovaklanu kooda kidnap chesindi, aayananu paarlamentunu dhikkarinchi soviet unionku bahishkarinchadaaniki. 1947 mae 14naa, hangareelo digajaarutunna paristhiti gurinchi paschimaanni heccharinchaalani aasatoe naagii switzerlandku vidaesaalaku prayaaninchaadu. communistlu tama balamaina migilina pratyarthini vadilinchukovadaaniki eee avakaasaanni upayoginchukunnaru, mariyu 28va teedeena soviet luu kutralo naagini soochinche tappudu aadhaaraalanu samarpinchaaru. communistlu budapestlo thana kodukunu bandeegaa teesukunnanduna, mae 30naa rajinama cheyadaaniki naagi angeekarinchaadu, conny juun 2naa thana kumarudu switzerlandku cherukune varaku thana raajeenaamaanu adhikarikamga aamodinchaledu. rakosi thana sthaanamlo mae 31naa lazos dinnisnu niyaminchaadu-communistulatho sahakarinchadaaniki siddhamgaa unna oka chinna raajakeeyavetta-idhi hangerian prabhutvampai communist paarteeki samarthavanthamaina niyantrananu ichindi. 
aaa taruvaata, nagiki united stateslo aasrayam labhinchindi. communistu paalana patanam mariyu 1989-90 loe swechchaayuta ennikala punaruddharana varaku athanu hangari yokka chivari communistu kaani prabhutva adhipatigaa untaadu. adanamgaa, 1989loe polandku chendina tadeyusz majoviki varaku communist ledhaa communist saanubhootiparudu kaani chivari pradhaniga untaadu (ayithe chekoslovekia fibravari 1948 tirugubaatu varaku bahula-party vyavasthanu konasaaginchindi, naagii tolagimpu samayamlo daani pradhana mantri communist nayakudu clement gaat twald).
bahishkarinchaaru.
1948loe macmillan prachurinchina "dhi frest bye dhi iron curtain" loe naagi thana jeevitaanni, raajakeeya jeevitaanni namodu chesaadu, mariyu athani ghnaapakaala nundi raayalteelu varjiniyaaloni herndonlo (appudu washington yokka exburb, dii.sii.). ayana bahishkarana rajakeeyaalalo ekkuvagaa paalgoni, pravaasamlo unna hangerian kamiteelo sabhyudiga panicheesaaru, alaage 1955loe yuu. ess. prabhutvam tarapuna oka pariseelakudigaa bandung samavesaniki kooda hajarayyaru. 1956 naati hangerian viplavam samayamlo athanu thana swadaesaaniki tirigi raavadaaniki prayatninchaadu, conny austrialoni adhikarulu tama desham yokka tatasthatanu kaapaadataaniki alaa cheyakunda atanni addukunnaru. 1959loe, athanu switzerlandloni bassello pradhana karyalayam kaligina vaanijya samstha permindex adhyakshudiga unnatlu nivedinchabadindi, athanu 1964 nundi 1970 varaku antarjaateeya raitu sanghaaniki adhyakshudiga panicheesaadu. 1960laloe athanu vividha american vishwavidyaalayaalalo lecturerga panicheesaadu mariyu berkley vishwavidyaalayam mariyu bloomingtonloni indiana vishwavidyaalayam nundi gourava doctoratenu pondaadu. 1970loe kriyaaseela raajakeeya jeevitam nundi padavee viramana chesina ayana, 1977loe united states nundi hangari pavitra kireetam tirigi hangareeki tirigi raavadaaniki maddatugaa matladaru. athanu 1979loe thana swadaesaaniki tirigi vellaalani yochistunnappudu herndonloni thana polamlo anukokunda maraninchaadu.

