
chakhil-ii-gaundi sthuupam

sthuupam sii1" anie sanketanamam gala chakhil-ii-gaundi sthuupam, thoorpu aafghanistaanloni haddah puraavastu pradaesamloe unna chakhil-ii-gaundi matham nundi vacchina oka chinna sunnapurayi sthuupam. eee sthuupam yokka avasheshaalalo ekkuva bhaagam 1928loe aafghanistaanloni french puraavastu pratinidhi brundaaniki chendina french vyakti jools barthoux yokka puraavastu mission dwara sekarinchabaddaayi mariyu tokyo national museum sahakaaramtho samrakshinchabaddaayi mariyu punarnirminchabaddaayi. avi nedu paarislooni musey gimetlo pradarsinchabadutunnaayi. idhi saadhaaranamgaa cree. sha. 2va-3va sataabdaaniki chendinadi.
sthuupam yokka alankarana greeku-bouddha kala yokka aasaktikaramaina sandarbhaanni andistundi, idhi hellenistic mariyu bharatiya kalaatmaka amsaalanu militam chestundi. punarnirmaanamlo aneka bhagalu, alankarinchabadina sthuupam, pandiri mariyu vividha alankaara amsaalu unnaayi.
sthuupam pandiri.
stuupampai vistrutamaina pandiri undhi, idhi indo-corinthian raajadhaaniki oka andamaina udaaharana, ayithe saadhaaranamgaa vaari paaschaatya sahacharulatho poliste rekhaamsamgaa vistarinchindi.
rajadhani kendra pradaesamloe vaayuvya bharatadesamloni eee nirmaana amsaala maadirigaane kuurchunna buddhudi chinna vigraham undaali.
vivaralu vistrutamaina chekkadanni, acanthus aakulalo nagna amorini mariyu teegalu undatam gurinchi velladistaayi.
sthuupa punaadi.
sthuupa sthaavaram oka vistrutamaina nirmaanam, indulo moodu sthaayilu metlalo mariyu rendu vaipula erpaatu cheyabaddaayi. idhi sumaru 1 meater ettuku sumaru 3 meterla swaasanu kaligi untundi. bays chaalaa viruddhamaina drushyaalu mariyu shilpa muulaamsaalanu militam chestundih diguva shrenilo hellenistic drushyaalu mariyu modati rendu sthaayilalo bharatiya bouddha drushyaalu.
modati shrenih hellenistic revelling.
modati shreni aneka puurtigaa hellenistic drushyaalanu pradarsistundi, veetilo kudi vaipuna unna drushyam atyuttamamgaa samrakshinchabadindi.
edama drushyam tarachugaa gaandhaaralo kanipinche prasiddha hellenistic drushyam. edama vaipuna oka yuva janta praatinidhyam vahistundi, kudi chetilo oka taguneeti kappunu pattukunna stree, mariyu thana edama chethitho purushudi claameelanu (oka greeku dustulu) terachi athani nagna sariiraanni choopistundi. kudivaipuna greeku dustulu dharinchina oka vruddha janta, gaddam gala vyakti, oka chinna pillavadu aaa vyaktiki atukkupooyaadu. eee drushyam balyam nundi yuktavayassu mariyu paripakvata varaku jeevita chakranni suuchistumdani bhaavistunnaaru.
madhya drushyam antha spashtamgaa ledhu, conny oka nagna purushudini suuchistumdi, bahusha oka amorini greeku dustulu dharinchina streetho nrutyam chestundi. edama vaipuna pedda wine flasknu pattukunna maroka amorini undhi. kudivaipuna unna oka vyakti thana notiki edho pattukuni unnadu, bahusha aaa janta nrutyam chestunna venuvu. eee drushyam bachanaliyangaa kanipistundi.
kudivaipuna unna drushyam chaalaa spashtamgaa undhi. idhi khachitamgaa chuupistumdihi greeku dustulu dharinchina oka mahila, oka amphora pattukuni, oka chinna biddaku draakshanu istundi, contaros taguneeti paatranu pattukunna oka vyakti, chitton dharinchina oka yuvakudu chethi drum vaayistunnaadu, mariyu greeku dustulu dharinchina oka mahila rendu teegala lute-kutumba vaayidyam vaayistondi.
rendava shrenih bharatiya rajabhavana drushyam.
sthuupam yokka rendava shreni bouddha bharatiya drushyaanni pradarsistundi. vivaranalanu batti, oka raacharika dampatulanu choopinchinatlu anipistundi, vaari kumarudu thana thala kshouram chesi bouddha sanyasiga maaradaaniki oppinchaadu. kudi vaipuna unna chivari sannivesamlo, athanu bouddha dustulalo thana tallidandrulaku veedkolu palukutuu kanipistaadu.
saileekrutamgaa, eee bharatiya drushyaalanu adhe kalakarudu, ledhaa kaneesam adhe chitrakalaakaarulu mariyu adhe samayamlo hellenistic drushyaalu grahinchadam chaalaa aasaktikaramgaa undhi. nijaaniki, hellenistic drushyam gaandhaara bouddha drushyaala aavirbhaavaaniki mundu munupati kaalaaniki chendinadani gatamlo (marshal) soochinchabadindi.
rendava shreni tribhujaakaara metla raisarlache pakkaku untundi, ivi hellenistic rekkala keatos samudra rakshasudini varnistaayi, greco-bouddha kalalo ituvanti panitiirutoe tarachugaa kanipinche muulaamsam. keatos maranam taruvaata itara prapanchaaniki parivartananu suuchistumdani bhaavistunnaaru. konni booner silpaalu chaalaa baga samrakshinchabaddaayi mariyu asalu keatos design gurinchi merugaina chitraanni andistaayi.
moodava shreni.
moodava shreni sakalaalu matrame migili unnaayi, conny avi rendava shreni maadirigaane bharatiya rajabhavana drushyaanni kooda varnistaayi. eee drushyaala diguvana puulatoe kuudina andamaina alankaara puusalu unnaayi.
itara alankaara amsaalu.
stuupaaniki sambandhinchi vividha alankaara amsaalu kooda kanugonabaddayi. mukhyamgaa, oka hellenistic cupids mariyu haaram design, alankarinchabadina vampulalo buddhudu mariyu maitreyula praatinidhyam, bouddha kathana fraze mariyu garuda thala.
kathana fraze yokka edama bhaagam sampradaaya drushyamlo (braahmana sandarsana) buddhudini suuchistumdi.
stuupam tayari samayamlo, munupati indo-greeku raajyaaniki chendina greeku janabha samuuhaalu bahusha ippatikee migili unnaayi, mariyu punjab praantamloo oka raaju (strato II) aadhvaryamlo kooda nirvahinchabaddaayi, idhi stuupamloe goppa hellenistic prabhaavaaniki mariyu diguva frazelapy greeku dustulu mariyu vaikharulalo prajala praatinidhyaalaku kaaranamavutundi.

