mundastu namodu (sains)

mundastu namodu anedi shaastreeya adhyayanam yokka parikalpanalu, paddhatulu mariyu/ledhaa vislaeshanhalanu nirvahinchadaaniki mundu namodu chese paddhati. clinical trial registration okela untundi, ayithe dheeniki adhyayanam yokka vislaeshanha protocol namodu avasaram undakapovachhu. chivaraga, namodaina nivedikalalo dayta sekaranaku mundu peer review mariyu suutrapraayamgaa studdy protokaalnu angeekarinchadam untaayi.
mundastu namodu anedi pii-hacking, prachurana pakshapaatam, dayta dredging, post hock vislaeshanha yokka anuchita roopaalu mariyu (sambandhita) harking vanti vividha sambhaavya samasyaatmaka parisoedhana paddhatulanu gurtinchadamlo mariyu/ledhaa tagginchadamlo sahaayapadutundi. idhi iteevala open sains communitylo replication sankshobhaaniki aadhaaramani bhaavinche konni samasyalaku sambhaavya parishkaramga praamukhyatanu pondindi. ayithe, registered nivedikalu vanti itara open sains paddhatulanu amalu chesinappudu idhi avasaram undakapovachani vimarsakulu vaadinchaaru.
rakalu.
praamaanika mundastu namodu.
praamaanika mundastu namodu aakrutilo, parisoedhakulu tama parisoedhananu nirvahinche mundu oka parisoedhanaa protocol patraanni siddham chestaaru. aadarsavantamgaa, eee patram parisoedhana parikalpanalu, namuunaa vidhanam, namuunaa parimaanam, parisoedhana roopakalpana, pariksha paristhitulu, uddeepanalu, charyalu, dayta coding mariyu aggregation paddhati, dayta minahaayimpula kosam pramaanaalu mariyu aaa vislaeshanhalapai sambhaavya vaividhyaalatoe sahaa ganaanka vislaeshanhalanu suuchistumdi. eee mundastu namodu patram appudu open sains framework ledhaa anchanaa vanti bahirangamgaa labhinche websitelo post cheyabadutundi. mundugaa namodu chesukunna adhyayanam nirvahinchabadutundi, mariyu adhyayanam yokka nivedika mariyu daani phalitaalu (anamaka) mundastu namodu patraaniki praapyathatho paatu prachurana kosam samarpinchabadataayi. eee mundastu namodu vidhanam thoti sameekshakulu mariyu tadupari paatakulanu (eah) mundastu namodu patramlo cherchabadani edainaa "anveshanhaatmaka" pareekshalu mariyu (bii) mundugaa namodu cheyabadina protocallo cherchabadina conny tudi parisoedhana nivedika nundi minahaayinchabadina edainaa anachiveyabadina pareekshalanu gurtinchadaaniki prachurinchina parisoedhanaa kathanamtho mundastu namodu patraanni cross-reference cheyadaaniki anumatistundi.
namodaina nivedikalu.
registered report formatt prakaram, dayta sekaranaku mundu rachayitalu adhyayana paddhatulu mariyu vislaeshanhala vivarananu samarpinchaalsi untundi. paddhati mariyu vislaeshanha pranaalikanu dasha 1 peer review dwara pariseelinchina tarvaata, phalitaala prachuranaku taatkaalika haamii ivvabadutundi. anubandha adhyayanam appudu nirvahinchabadutundi, mariyu parisoedhanaa nivedika 2va dasha peer reviewki samarpinchabadutundi. dasha 2 thoti sameeksha vaastava parisoedhana paddhatulu mundugaa namodu chesukunna protokaalku anugunamgaa unnayani mariyu naanhyata parimitulu neraveraayani nirdhaaristundi (udhaa.zii., manipulation tanikheelu prayogaatmaka manipulation yokka chellubaatunu nirdhaaristaayi). dasha 2 peer reviewlo uttiirnata saadhinchina adhyayanalu phalitaalu dhruvikaristunnaya ledhaa dhruvikarinchaleda, mukhyamainava ledhaa mukhyamainavi kaadaa anae daanitoe sambandham lekunda prachurinchabadataayi.
anduvalla, mundastu namodu mariyu namodaina nivedikalu rendintiloonuu dayta sekarinchadaaniki mundu adhyayanam mariyu vislaeshanha pranaalika yokka kaala-mudra veyabadina maarpuleni praja rikaardunu srushtinchadam untundi. ayithe, namodu cheyabadina nivedikala vishayamlo dayta sekaranaku mundu adhyayanam mariyu vislaeshanha pranaalika adhikaarika peer sameekshaku matrame lobadi untundi. 
pratyeka mundastu namodu.
vividha rakaala parisoedhana namuunaalu mariyu paddhatulaku sambandhinchi mundastu namodunu upayoginchavacchu, veetilo
clinical trial registration.
clinical trial registration anedi clinical trials registrylo nirvahinchadaaniki mundu clinical trialsnu document chese paddhati, tadwara prachurana pakshapaatam mariyu empika chesina reportingnu edurkovachhu. konni deshaalalo clinical trials namodu avasaram mariyu ekkuvagaa praamaaneekarinchabadutoondi. konni agrashreni vaidya patrikalu mundugaa namodu chesukunna pareekshala phalitaalanu matrame prachuristaayi.
clinical trials registry anedi registered clinical trialsnu jabita chese oka vedika. clinical trials.united states national library off medicine (nlm) naduputunna governament off medicine clinical trials kosam modati online registry, mariyu atipedda mariyu vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadutondi. pakshapaataanni edurkovadamto paatu, clinical trial registrylu paaradarsakatanu penchadaaniki mariyu prajalaku clinical trialsnu andinchadaaniki upayogapadataayi. clinical trials registrylu tarachugaa vetakadaginavi (udhaa.zii. vyaadhi/suuchana, aushadham, sthaanam modalaina vaati dwara.). aushadha, biotech ledhaa vaidya parikaraala samstha (spaansar) ledhaa adhyayananni spaansar chestunna aasupatri ledhaa foundation ledhaa adhyayananni nirvahistunna contract research organization (crow) vanti maroka samstha dwara trials namodu cheyabadataayi.
clinical trial samacharanni marinta vistrutamgaa andubaatulo unchadaaniki mariyu registrylu mariyu registration prakriyalanu praamaaneekarinchadaaniki prabhutvaalu mariyu antarjaateeya samsthala nundi, mukhyamgaa 2005 nundi, ottidi undhi. prapancha aarogya samstha "trial registration kosam kaneesa mariyu saraina nirvahana pramaanaalu rendintipai ekaabhipraayaanni saadhinche disagaa krushi chestondi".
srushti mariyu abhivruddhi.
chaalaa samvatsaraalugaa, saastravettalu mariyu itarulu prarambha clinical trials nundi pratikuula ledhaa shoonya phalitaalu saanukuula phalitaala kante prachurinchabade avakaasam takkuvagaa unde pakshapaataalanu nivedinchadam gurinchi aandolana chendutunnaru, tadwara saahityam mariyu jokyalu elaa panichestaayane daanipai mana avagahananu vakreekaristaayi. eee aandolana antarjaateeyamgaa undhi mariyu 50 samvatsaraalaku paiga daani gurinchi vraayabadindi. eee sambhaavya pakshapaataanni parishkarinche pratipaadanalalo okati, yea trials praarambhinchabaddaayi anedi prajalaku teliyajese clinical trials yokka samagra register. nyaayavaadulu (sambhaavya vaanijya labham unna vaaritho sahaa) vichaaranalo namodu chesukunna vaari nundi prayojanam pondaaru, conny vaaru neerchukunna vaatini prajalaku teliyajestuu "tirigi ivvaalsina avasaram ledhu", kabatti naitika samasyalu prajalaku atyanta aasakti kaliginchevigaa kanipinchaayi.
dwandwa pramaanaala gurinchi mukhyamgaa aandolana chendina vaaru kramabaddhamaina sameekshakulu, clinical trials nundi telisina vaatini sangrahinchevaaru. saahityam vakramgaa unte, appudu kramabaddhamaina sameeksha phalitaalu kooda vakramgaa unde avakaasam undhi, vaastavaaniki sekarinchina dayta anni daetaanu bahirangaparachinatlayite, pareeksha jokyaniki anukuulamgaa undavacchu.
clinical trials.rommu cancer viniyogadaarula lobbying phalitamgaa modata prabhutvamu abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, idhi 1997 naati eff. dii. eah. aadhuneekarana chattam (1997 naati aahara mariyu aushadha paripalana aadhuneekarana chattam) loe bhashaku adhikaram ivvadaaniki daariteesindi. 105-115, §113 statue 2296), conny chattam nidhulu ledhaa amalu yantraamgaanni andinchaledu. adanamgaa, chattam aaa clinical trials avasaram.prabhutvamlo teevramaina mariyu praanaantaka vyaadhula pareekshalu matrame untaayi.
appudu, appudu rendu sanghatanalu jarigaayi, ivi pakshapaataanni nivedinche samasyalapai prajalalo avagahana penchaayi. modata, appati newyork rashtra attarney general elliot spitzer glaxosmithcline (gsc) paie daavaa vaesaaru, endukante konni antidepressants hanikaram kaavacchani choopinche trials phalitaalanu vaaru velladinchadamlo viphalamayyaru.
aaa taruvaata koddikaalaanike, vaidya patrika sampaadakula antarjaateeya kamitee (ii. sii. emm. zhe. ii) tama patrikalu namodu cheyakapothe pareekshala nivedikalanu prachurinchavani prakatinchindi. vichaarana namodu kosam icmje charya bahusha atyanta mukhyamaina prerana, endukante parisoedhakulu vaaru korukunte, vaaru tama phalitaalanu pratishtaatmaka journalslo prachurinche avakaasaanni reserve cheyalanukunnaru.
cheyalanukunnaru, 2007 aahara mariyu aushadha paripalana savaranala chattam (fdaa) namodu kosam avasaralanu spashtam chesindi mariyu paatinchakapothe jarimaanaalanu kooda vidhinchindi (praja chattam 110-85.2007 aahara mariyu aushadha paripalana savaranala chattam.
antarjaateeya bhagaswamyam.
clinical trials registrylo cherchakapothe juulai 1,2005 nundi yea trials prachurana kosam pariganinchabadavani medical journal editors antarjaateeya kamitee (ii. sii. emm. zhe. ii) nirnayinchindi. prapancha aarogya samstha antarjaateeya clinical trials registry platfamnu praarambhinchadamtho clinical trial registration kosam krushi praarambhinchindi. clinical trial daetaanu marinta paaradarsakamgaa mariyu bahirangamgaa andubaatulo unchadaaniki pranaalikalanu vidudala chesina aushadha parisrama nundi kooda charyalu vachayi. october october vidudala chesina helsinki yokka savarinchina prakatana, "prati clinical trial modati subject niyaamakaaniki mundu bahirangamgaa andubaatulo unde databaselo namodu cheyabadaali" anie perkondi."
prapancha aarogya samstha HTTP:// yaplalo antarjaateeya registry portalnu nirvahistundi.evaru.inta/trials serch/. antarjaateeya registry yokka lakshyam "aarogya samrakshana nirnayam teesukovadamlo palgonna vaarandarikee parisoedhana yokka puurti drukpatham andubaatulo undela chudatam" anie ayana paerkonnaaru. idhi parisoedhana paaradarsakatanu meruguparustundi mariyu chivariki shaastreeya saakshyaala aadharam yokka praamaanikata mariyu viluvanu balopetam chestundi."
2007 nundi, vaidya patrika sampaadakula antarjaateeya kamitee ICmje clinical trials thoo paatu hoo networklo anni praathamika registreelanu angeekaristundi.prabhutvam. clinical trials minaha itara registrylalo clinical trial registration.2014 nundi adhyayana roopakalpanalatho sambandham lekunda prabhutvam perigindi.
sammati nivedinchadam.
vividha adhyayanalu vividha trials vaari registry yokka reporting pramaanaalaku anugunamgaa enthavaraku unnayo kolichayi.
clinical trial registreela avalokanam.
prapanchavyaaptamgaa registreela sankhya perugutondi. 2013 adhyayanam krindi aidu agra registreelanu gurtinchindi (augustu 2013 natiki naveekarinchabadina sankhyalu):
preclinical studdy registreela avalokanam.
clinical research maadirigaane, prii-registration anedi prii-clinical researchlo parisoedhana dayta yokka paaradarsakata mariyu naanhyatanu meruguparachadaaniki sahaayapadutundi. clinical parisoedhanaku viruddhamgaa, vistaaramaina bhagalaku mundastu namodu tappanisari, idhi preclinical parisoedhanaloo ippatikee kottadi. preclinical mariyu praathamika biomedical parisoedhanaloo ekkuva bhaagam janthu prayogaalapai aadharapadi untundi. janthu prayogaala nundi pondina phalitaalanu prachurinchakapovadam anedi prachurana pakshapaataanni balopetam cheyadam dwara parisoedhana sthithini vakreekarinchadame kakunda, idhi naitika samasyanu marinta suuchistumdi. eee samasyanu edurkovataniki mundastu namodu anedi oka charyaga charchinchabadindi. preclinical studies mundastu namodu kosam eee krindi registrylu anukuulamgaa untaayi.
journal maddatu.
200 kii paiga patrikalu registered reports empikanu andistaayi (center pharr open sains, 2019), mariyu registered nivedikalanu sweekaristunna patrikala sankhya prati samvatsaram daadaapu rettimpu avtondi ().
"psychological sains" adhyayanala mundastu namodu mariyu prabhava parimaanaalu mariyu vishwaasa viraamaala nivedikalanu prothsahinchindi. vraatapratulanu prachurinchadaaniki anumatinche mundu chinna namuunaa parimaanaalanu upayoginchi pareekshala nundi aascharyakaramaina phalitaalato adhyayanala pratiroopam kosam sampadakiya sibbandi adugutaarani pradhana sampadakudu paerkonnaaru.
"prakruti maanava pravartana" registered report formatnu sweekarinchindi, endukante idhi "" parisoedhana phalitaala nundi parisoedhanaku maarganirdesam chese prasnalaku mariyu vatiki samadhanam ivvadaaniki upayoginche paddhatulaku praadhaanyatanistundi ".
"european journal off personality" eee aakrutini nirvachistundihi "oka namodaina nivedikalo, rachayitalu saiddhaantika mariyu anubhavika nepathyam, parisoedhanaa prasnalu/parikalpanalu mariyu prayogaatmaka dayta (andubaatulo unte) kaligi unna adhyayana pratipaadananu roopondistaaru. samarpinchina tarvaata, eee pratipaadana dayta sekaranaku mundu sameekshinchabadutundi, mariyu aamodinchabadithe, adhyayanam phalitaalato sambandham lekunda, eee peer-reviewed vidhanam phalitamgaa vachhe paper prachurinchabadutundi.anie.
manastatvasaastram mariyu neurosciences looni vidya patrikalalo chaalaa takkuva saatam matrame rachayitalaku vaari lakshyam mariyu paridhi ledhaa soochanalalo replication studies samarpanalanu taamu swaagatistunnaamani spashtamgaa paerkonnatlu gamaninchandi. eee drugvishayam nivedinchadaanni prothsahinchadu ledhaa replication adhyayanaalapai prayatninchadu.
mottammeeda, palgone journals sankhya perugutondi, center pharr open sains suuchimchinatlugaa, idhi registered nivedikalanu samarpinchadaanni prothsahinche journals jaabitaanu nirvahistundi.
hetubaddhata.
aneka vyasalu mundastu namodu kosam hetubaddhatanu vivarinchaayi (udhaa.zii., lakens, 2019;). saaramsamgaa, mundastu namodu eee krindi samasyalanu gurtinchadaaniki mariyu/ledhaa tagginchadaaniki sahaayapadutundih
mundastu namodu dwara ilanti samasyalanu gurtinchadam "parisoedhana phalitaala vivaranaatmakata mariyu viswasaneeyatanu" meruguparachadaaniki sahaayapadutundi (, p. 2605). ayithe, eee samasyalalo konni matrame samasyaatmakamainavani, konni paristhitulalo matrame anie vaadinchaaru. avi samasyaatmakamgaa unnappudu, eee samasyalanu gurtinchadaaniki mundastu namodu avasaram ledani kooda ayana vaadinchaaru. badulugaa, vaatini (eah) prastuta parikalpanalu mariyu vislaeshanhaatmaka vidhaanaalaku spashtamaina hetubaddheekaranalu, (bii) parisoedhanaa dayta, materials mariyu kodku prajalaku praapyata, mariyu (sii) pratyaamnaaya vivaranalu mariyu vislaeshanhaatmaka vidhaanaalaku parisoedhana teermaanaala drudatvaanni pradarsinchadam dwara gurtinchavacchu.
vimarsalanu.
mundastu namodu pratipaadakulu idhi "prachurinchina phalitaala viswasaneeyatanu penche paddhati" (), idhi "mea phalitaala viswasaneeyatanu penchadam dwara mea vignaana saastraanni meruguparustundi" (center pharr open sains), mariyu idhi "parisoedhana phalitaala vivaranaatmakata mariyu viswasaneeyatanu meruguparustundi" (, p. 2605). eee vaadana mundugaa namodu kaani "anveshanhaatmaka" vislaeshanhalu mundugaa namodu cheyabadina "dhruvikarana" vislaeshanhala kante takkuva "vishwasaneeyamainavi" mariyu/ledhaa "ardhavivarana cheyadaginavi" anie bhaavistundi, endukante avi "vruttaakaara tarkam" kaligi undavacchu, dheenilo post hock parikalpanalu pariseelinchina dayta (, p. 2600). ayithe, anveshanhaatmaka vislaeshanhala samayamlo vruttaakaara tarkaanni gurtinchadaaniki mundastu namodu avasaram ledani vimarsakulu vaadinchaaru. aaa tarkam mundugaa namodu cheyabadindo ledho telusukovalasina avasaram lekunda tarkaanni vislaeshimchadam dwara vruttaakaara tarkaanni gurtinchavacchu. mundastu namodu parisoedhana viswasaneeyatanu meruguparustundane aalochana parisoedhakulanu mundastu namodu kaani anveshanhaatmaka vislaeshanhalanu chepattakunda nirodhinchavacchani vimarsakulu gamaninchaaru (; kooda chudandi). dheeniki pratispandanagaa, mundastu namodu nyaayavaadulu mundastu namodu chesina adhyayanaalalo anveshanhaatmaka vislaeshanhalu anumatinchabadataayani, eee vislaeshanhala phalitaalu parikalpana pareeksha kante parikalpana utpattiki kontha viluvanu kaligi unnayani nokki chepparu. mundastu namodu kevalam dhruvikarana mariyu anveshanhaatmaka parisoedhana madhya vyatyaasaanni spashtam chestundi (;;). anduvalla, dayta vislaeshanha dasalo mundastu registraton parisoedhakula swechhanu tagginchaalani bhaavinchinappatikii, idhi "oka pranaalika, jailu kaadu" (dehaven, 2017) anie kooda bhaavistaaru. ayithe, mundastu namodu anedi jailu kakunda oka pranaalika matrame ayithe, appudu parisoedhakulu aaa pranaalika nundi vaidolagadaaniki sankochinchakandi mariyu vruttaakaara tarkam mariyu "pii"-hacking mariyu nivedinchani bahula pareekshala vanti anuchita parisoedhana paddhatula kaaranamgaa takkuva parisoedhana viswasaneeyata aaropanalaku bhayapadakunda anveshanhaatmaka vislaeshanhalu chepattaalani vimarsakulu pratighatinchaaru, idhi kutumba vaareegaa lopam retlanu penchutundi (udhaa.zii.,). mallii, atuvanti samasyalanu parishkarinchadaaniki mundastu namodu avasaram ledani vaaru etthi chuupaaru. udaaharanaku, parisoedhakulu (eah) open dayta mariyu parisoedhanaa samagri mariyu (bii) drudhatvam ledhaa multiverse vislaeshanhalu vanti itara open sains paddhatulalo nimagnamaite "pii"-hacking mariyu nivedinchabadani bahula pareekshala gurinchi aandolanalanu parishkarinchavacchu; aneka itara vidhaanaala kosam, srivastava, 2018 chudandi). chivaraku, mariyu marinta praathamikamgaa, vimarsakulu dhruvikarana mariyu anveshanhaatmaka vislaeshanhala madhya vyatyaasam aspashtamgaa mariyu/ledhaa asambaddhamgaa undani vaadinchaaru (;;;), mariyu aaa dosha raetlu pareekshinchabadani nairoopya, autheritical studywise parikalpanalanu suuchimchinappudu kutumba vaareegaa error raetla gurinchi aandolanalu anyayamgaa untaayi (rubin,;).
mundastu namodu aacharanaatmaka amalu gurinchi kooda aandolanalu unnaayi. aneka mundastu namodu cheyabadina niyamaavali "p"-hackingku (; hairen mariyu itarulu) pushkalamgaa avakaasam istundi., 2021; ikeda mariyu itarulu., 2019;), mariyu parisoedhakulu arudugaa khachitamaina parisoedhanaa paddhatulanu anusaristaaru mariyu vaaru mundugaane namodu chesukunna vislaeshanhalu (abrams mariyu itarulu., 2020;; hairen mariyu itarulu., 2021; kooda chudandi; suuryudu mariyu itarulu.2019). udaaharanaku, 27 mundastu namodu chesina adhyayanala sarvelo parisoedhakulu anni sandarbhaallo vaari mundastu namodu chesina pranaalikala nundi vaidoligaarani kanugonnaru. pranaalikaabaddhamaina namuunaa parimaanam, minahaayimpu pramaanaalu mariyu ganaanka namuunaaku sambandhinchi chaalaa tarachugaa vichalanalu jarigaayi. anduvalla, mundugaa namodu cheyabadina nirdhaarana pareekshalu pranaalika laeni anveshanhaatmaka pareekshalugaa mugisai. mallii, mundastu namodu chesina pranaalikalu paaradarsakamgaa mariyu samarthinchabaddantha varaku vaati nundi vairudhyaalu aamodayogyamainavani mundastu namodu nyaayavaadulu vaadistaaru. aspashtamaina mundastu namodu kooda parisoedhakula swechhanu tagginchadaaniki mariyu edainaa avashesha vasyatanu paaradarsakamgaa cheyadaaniki sahaayapadutundani kooda vaaru etthi chuupaaru. ayithe, aaa pranaalikalu "adhika naanhyata siddhaantam mariyu parisoedhanaa abhyasam" nuu pratibimbimchanappudu mundugaa namodu chesukunna pranaalikala nundi vyatyaasaalanu gurtinchadam ledhaa samarthinchadam upayogapadadani vimarsakulu vaadinchaaru. vivarinchinatlugaa, "prastuta paddhati mariyu vislaeshanhalaku daariteesina" chaaritraka "maarpula hetubaddhata kante" prastuta "paddhati mariyu vislaeshanhala hetubaddhatapai manaku ekkuva aasakti undaali" (pp. 378-379).
chivaraku, kontamandi vyaakhyaatalu, konni paristhitulalo, mundastu namodu parisoedhana adhyayanalu mariyu vislaeshanhalaku tappudu viswasaneeyatanu andinchadam dwara vaastavaaniki vignaana saastraaniki haani kaliginchavacchani vaadinchaaru (;;;). eee abhipraayaaniki anugunamgaa, parisoedhakulu registered nivedikalanu kolatala shrenipai praamaanika nivedikala kante (soderberg mariyu itarulu) marinta vishwasaneeyamainavigaa bhaavinche konni aadharalu unnaayi., 2020; feeled mariyu itarulu kooda chudandi.asampoorna saakshyaala kosam 2020), ayithe idhi mundastu namodu gurinchi mundugaa unna saanukuula samaja vaikharula kaaranamgaa ledhaa parisoedhana naanhyatapai namodaina nivedikala yokka nijamaina kaarana prabhavam kaaranamgaa viswasaneeyata yokka "tappudu" bhavanni suuchistumdaa anedi aspashtamgaa undhi.

