
united kingdom pradhana mantri charitra

united kingdom pradhana mantri padavi oke charya phalitamgaa srushtinchabadaledu; idhi paarlamentu yokka aneka charyalu, raajakeeya parinaamaalu mariyu charitra pramaadaala kaaranamgaa moodu vandala samvatsaraalalo nemmadigaa mariyu sahajamgaa abhivruddhi chendindi.
punaadulu.
1721loe robbert valpole netrutvamloni prabhutvaaniki mundu, chakravarthy ishtanusaram ingland prabhutvaaniki, aaa taruvaata grate britton prabhutvaaniki adhyakshata vahinchina vividha vyaktula kosam, saadhaaranamgaa chakravarthy anumatitoe, aangla mukhyamantrula jaabitaanu chudandi.
viplavaatmaka parishkaram.
pradhaanamantri padavi uddeshapoorvakamgaa srushtinchabadaledu kabatti, daani parinaamam eppudu praarambhamaindo khachitamaina thedhee ledhu. ayithe, james II ingland nundi paaripoyi, ingland paarlamentu vilium III mariyu maerii II lanu ummadi rajyanga chakravartulugaa dhruveekarinchi, vaari adhikaranni mariyu vaari vaarasula adhikaranni parimitam chese chattanni roopondinchinappudu, oka ardhavantamaina prarambha sthaanam 1688-89: hakkula billu (1689), tirugubaatu billu (1689), trivaarshika billu (1694), rajadroham chattam (1696) mariyu parishkara chattam (1701). samishtiga viplavaatmaka parishkaram anie piluvabade eee chattalu raajyaamgaanni marchivesi, adhikara samatulyatanu saarvabhoumaadhikaaram nundi paarlamentuku marchai. pradhana mantri karyalayam erpadina tarvaata, vaaru daani parinaamaaniki punaadi kooda vaesaaru.
treasury bench.
viplavaatmaka parishkaram aardhika mariyu chattalapai commons niyantrananu ichindi mariyu karyanirvahaka mariyu saasanasabha madhya sambandhaanni maarchindi. dabbu korata kaaranamgaa, saarvabhoumaadhikaarulu etaa paarlamentunu pilavavalasi vachindi, daani salaha mariyu sammati lekunda daanini raddu cheyaleru ledhaa vaida veyaleru. paarlamentu raajakeeya jeevitamlo shaashwata lakshanamgaa maarindi. taamu chattanni tiraskariste, paarlamentu tamaku dabbunu niraakaristundani saarvabhoumaadhikaarulu bhayapadinanduna veeto upayogamloki raaledu. 1708loe queen anne scottish milicia billunu raddu chesinappati nundi yea saarvabhoumudu raaja sammatini tiraskarinchaledu.
treasury adhikarulu mariyu itara vibhaagaadhipatulu paarlamentuloki aakarshinchabaddaaru, idhi saarvabhoumatvaaniki madhya sambandhamgaa panichesindi. mantrulu prabhutva vidhaanaalanu pradarsinchaalsi untundi, majority maddatunu pondadaaniki sabhyulatho charchalu jarapalsi untundi; vaaru prabhutva aardhika avasaralanu vivarinchaalsi untundi, vaatini teerchadaaniki maargaalanu suuchimchaali mariyu dabbu elaa kharchu cheyabadindo oka khaataanu ivvali. saarvabhoumaadhikaarula pratinidhulu saadhaarana samavesalaku entha kramam tappakunda hajarayyaro, vaariki treasury bench anie piluvabade mundu bhaagamlo rijarvu cheyabadina seatlu ivvabaddaayi. idhi "adhikaaraala aikyata" kuu aarambham saarvabhoumaadhikaarulu (karyanirvahaka) paarlamentu (saasanasabha) loe pramukha sabhyuluga maararu. nedu, pradhana mantri (khazanaku modati prabhuvu), khazanaku chhaansalar (budjetku baadhyata vahinche) mariyu mantrivargamloni itara senior sabhyulu khajanalo kuurchuni 17va sataabdam chivarilo mantrulu chesina vidhamgaane vidhaanaalanu pradarsistaaru.
nilabadi arder 66.
viplavam taruvaata, prabhutvetara paarlamentu sabhyulu tappugaa pariganinchina dravya billulanu pratipaadinchadam dwara dhesha aardhika vyavasthanu naasanam chestaarane nirantara muppu undhi. gandaragolaanni nivaarinchadaaniki niyantrana kosam pootii padutunna yuvaraju mantrulu 1706loe oka prayojanaanni pondaaru, "eee sabha praja sevaku sambandhinchina yea mottaaniki etuvanti petitionnu sweekarinchadani, conny kireetam nundi sifaarsu cheyabadinadi anie saamaanyulu anadhikarikamga prakatinchinappudu."11 juun 1713naa, eee bandhinchani niyamam 66va sthiramaina uttarvugaa marindi" "yuvaraju mantri yokka teermaanampai tappa, yea prayojanam kosam ayina saamaanyulu dabbunu ootu cheyaru"."standing arder 66 netikee amalulo undhi (sankhyagaa tirigi lekkinchabadinappatiki. 48), moodu vandala samvatsaraalaku paiga tappanisarigaa maaraledu.
ekaika aardhika choravatho mantrulaku saadhikaarata kalpinchadam takshana mariyu shaashwata prabhavanni choopindi. budget prakriyanu sthireekarinchadam-daani uddesinchina uddesyaanni saadhinchadamtho paatu, idhi kiriitaaniki kaamanlalo nayakatva paatranu ichindi; mariyu, lard koshadhikari mantrulalo pramukha padavini chepattadu.
ayithe, aardhika chorava yokka shakti sampuurnamgaa ledhu. mantrulu matrame dravya billulanu praarambhinchavacchu, conny paarlamentu ippudu vaatini sameekshinchi, angeekarinchindi. anduvalla standing arder 66 anedi mantri baadhyata mariyu javaabudaareetanam yokka praarambhaalanu suuchistumdi.
pradhana mantri" anae padam eee samayamlo prabhutva nayakudiki, saadhaaranamgaa khazanaku adhipatigaa anadhikaarika birudugaa kanipistundi. udaaharanaku, jonathan swift 1713loe "ippudu manalo saadhaaranamgaa pradhana mantri anie piluvabade vaaru" unnaarani, godalphine yokka 1va earl ayina sidney godalphine mariyu queen anae yokka lard trazerers mariyu mukhyamantrulaina robbert haarlenu suuchistuu raasaaru. 1721 nundi, saarvabhoumaadhikaara prabhutvamloni prati adhipati-18va sataabdamloo oka minahaayimpu (vilium pitt dhi elder) mariyu 19va sataabdamloo oka (lard solisbury)-khazanaku modati prabhuvu.
pradhana mantri party naayakatvam prarambham.
raajakeeya paarteelu modatagaa 'idi1' yokka minahaayimpu sankshobham samayamlo kanipinchaayi. parimita racharikanni vishwasinche wiggs, james, duke off yark, roman catholic ayinanduna simhasananni adhishtinchakundaa minahaayinchaalani korukunnaru. raajula daivika hakkunu" vishwasinche torilu, james vamsapaaramparya vaadananu samarthinchaaru.
17va sataabdamloo raajakeeya paarteelu baga vyavastheekrutam kaaledu ledhaa kramasikshanhatho laevu. vaaru marintagaa vargaala maadirigaane undevaaru, "sabhyulu" lopaliki, velupaliki pravahistuu, vaariki anukuulamainappudu samasyalapai tatkalikamga sahakaristuu, appudu lenappudu vidipoyaaru. pratyarthi paarteela abhivruddhiki oka pradhana nirodhakam emitante, oke oka "raaju party" undagaladane aalochana, daanini vyatirekinchadam aviswaasam ledhaa rajadroham kooda avutundi. eee aalochana 18va sataabdam antataa konasaagindi. ayinappatikee 17va sataabdam chivaralo paarlamentulu mariyu mantritva saakhalanu kuurpuloo "wig" ledhaa "tory" gaa gurtinchadam saadhyamaindi.
cabinet.
aadhunika pradhani kooda mantrivargaaniki nayakudu. rajyangam yokka sampradaayam, aadhunika mantrivargam anedi vidhaanaalanu roopondinche mantrula samuuham. prabhutva vibhagala raajakeeya adhipatulu cabinet mantrulu vidhaanaalanu shaashwata poura sevakulu amalu chestaarani nirdhaaristaaru. aadhunika pradhana mantri mantrulanu ennukunnappatiki, niyamakam ippatikee saarvabhoumaadhikaaritho untundi. pradhana mantri naayakatvam vahinchi, mantrivargam prabhutva karyanirvahaka saakhanu yerparustundi.
cabinet" anae padam modata viplavaatmaka parishkaram taruvaata saarvabhoumaadhikaaritho praivetugaa vyavaharinchina mantrulanu vivarinchadaaniki kanipistundi. mantrivargam yokka perugudala vistrutamaina firyaadulanu mariyu vyatiraekatanu edurkondi, endukante daani samavesalu tarachugaa rahasyamgaa jarigevi mariyu idhi praacheena prevy kounsilnu (indulo mantrivargam adhikarikamga oka kamitee) saarvabhoumaadhikaarula salahaadaaru vruttam nundi minahayinchi, daanini gourava samsthagaa tagginchindi. neti maadirigaane prarambha mantrimandali loe treasury bench loe kuurchunna koshadhikari mariyu itara saakhala adhipatulu undevaaru. ayithe, indulo paarlamentu sabhyulu kaani gruha adhikarulu (udhaa.zii. gurraniki yajamani) mariyu raaja kutumba sabhyulu. mantrivarga javaabudaareetanam mariyu baadhyata abhivruddhiki paarlamentu sabhyulu kaanivaarini mantrivargam nundi minahaayinchadam chaalaa avasaram.
vilium mariyu anne iddaroo cabinet sabhyulanu niyaminchi, tolaginchaaru, samavesalaku hajarayyaru, nirnayaalu teesukunnaru mariyu charyalanu anusarinchaaru. eee baadhyatala nundi saarvabhoumaadhikaaraanni vimukti cheyadam mariyu mantrivarga kuurpupai niyantrananu pondadam anedi pradhana mantrigaa parinaamamlo oka mukhyamaina bhaagam. eee prakriya hanovarian vaarasatvam taruvaata praarambhamaindi. georg I (1714-1727) modata cabinet samavesalaku hajarainappatiki, 1717 taruvaata athanu anargalamgaa inglish matladalenanduna mariyu charchalatho visugu chendina, upasamharinchukunnaadu. georg II (1727-1760) appudappudu cabinet samavesalaku adhyakshata vahinchaadu, conny athani varasudu georg III (1760-1820), athani 60 samvatsaraala paalanalo kevalam rendintiki matrame haajarainatlu telisindi. anduvalla, saarvabhoumaadhikaarulu mantrivarga samavesalaku hajarukakapovadam anae sampradaayam pradhanamgaa paalana yokka rojuvaaree panula patla raajula udaaseenata dwara sthaapinchabadindi. pradhana mantri samavesalu pilavadam, adhyakshata vahinchadam, gamanikalu teesukovadam mariyu saarvabhoumaadhikaariki nivedinchadam vanti vatiki baadhyata vahinchaaru. eee saadhaarana karyanirvahaka panulu sahajamgaane pradhaaniki thana mantrivarga sahacharulapai aadhipatyaanni icchaayi.
modati mugguru hanovarianlu cabinet samavesalaku arudugaa hajarainappatiki, mantrulanu niyaminchadaaniki mariyu tolaginchadaaniki mariyu cabinet velupala nundi vachinappatikee vidhananni nirdesinchadaaniki vaari pratyeka adhikaaraalanu vaaru pattubattaru. 18va sataabdam chivari varaku pradhaanamantrulu mantrivarga kuurpupai niyantrananu pondaledu (diguva perkonna mantrimandali prabhutvam aavirbhavam vibhagam chudandi).
"yeka party prabhutvam".
british prabhutvaalu (ledhaa mantritva saakhalu) saadhaaranamgaa oka paarteeche erpadataayi. pradhana mantri mariyu mantrivargam saadhaaranamgaa oke raajakeeya paarteeki chendina sabhyulu, daadaapu ellappuduu house off commonslo majority seatlu kaligi untaaru. sankeerna prabhutvaalu (rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva paarteela pratinidhulatho kuudina mantritva saakha) mariyu minority prabhutvaalu (saamanyulalo majority laeni paarteeche erpaatu cheyabadina oka party mantritva saakha) 2010 ennikalaku mundu chaalaa arudugaa undevi; 2010 mariyu 2019 ennikala madhya, sankeerna mariyu minority prabhutvam rendoo undevi. "yeka party prabhutvam", eee vyavasthanu konnisaarlu pilustaaru, daadaapu moodu vandala samvatsaraalugaa saadhaarana palanaga undhi.
thana paalana praarambhamlo, vilium III (1689-1702) torylu mariyu wiggs rendintitho kuudina "mishrama mantritva saakhalu" (ledhaa sankiirnaalu) kuu praadhaanyata icchaadu. eee kuurpu yea okka party yokka saktini balaheenaparustundani mariyu vibhina drukkoonaala prayojanaanni kooda istundani vilium bhaavinchaaru. ayithe, sabhyulu nayakudipai ledhaa vidhanalapai ekibhavinchalekapovadamtho, tarachugaa okaritho okaru vibhedistuu panicheyadam valla eee vidhanam sarigga panicheyaledu.
1697loe, vilium oka sajatiya wig mantritva saakhanu erpaatu chesaaru. junto" anie piluvabade eee prabhutvaanni tarachugaa modati nijamaina mantrivargamgaa paerkontaaru, endukante daani sabhyulandaruu wiggs, idhi saamaanyula majority kuurpunu pratibimbistumdi.
anae (1702-1714) eee namuunaanu anusarinchindi conny tory cabinetlanu ishtapadindi. paarlamentu kooda pradhanamgaa torriega unnanta varaku eee vidhanam baga panichesindi. ayithe, 1708loe, wiggs majority saadhinchinappudu, raajakeeya nayakulu tama paarteeki majority unnanduna tamapai balavantam chesukogalaru anae aalochananu angeekarinchadaaniki niraakaristuu, prabhutvaanni erpaatu cheyamani anne vaarini pilavaledu. ennikala phalitaalato sambandham lekunda aame eppuduu mottam mantritva saakhanu vidichipettaledu ledhaa puurtigaa kotta mantritva saakhanu angeekarinchaledu. paarlamentu aadesinchina daanikante minority prabhutvaanni konasaaginchadaaniki anne ishtapadataaru. tatphalitamgaa, aame mukhyamantrulu sidney godalphine, godalphine yokka 1 va earl mariyu robbert harley, kontamandi "pradhana mantri" anie pilicheevaaru, shatru paarlamentu nepathyamlo vidhananni amalu cheyadamlo ibbandi paddaru.
mantrivargam yokka raajakeeya kuurputoe vilium mariyu anne chesina prayogaalu oka party prabhutvam yokka balaalanu mariyu sankeerna mariyu alpasankhyaaka prabhutvaala balaheenatalanu vivarinchaayi. ayinappatikee, paarlamentulo majority abhipraayaalanu pratibimbimchae party nundi saarvabhoumaadhikaari pradhana mantrini (mariyu cabinet) ennukoovaalani 1830la varaku rajyanga samavesam sthaapinchabadaledu. appati nundi, chaalaa mantritva saakhalu eee yeka party palananu pratibimbimchaayi.
oka party" samavesam unnappatikee, pradhaanamantrulanu ippatikee minority ledhaa sankeerna prabhutvaalaku naayakatvam vahinchamani pilavavacchu. saadhaarana ennikala tarvaata ledhaa prastuta sabhyula maranam, rajinama ledhaa firaayimpu tarvaata yea okka party kooda house off commonslo majorityni pondaleni "uri paarlamentu" phalitamgaa minority prabhutvam yerpadavachhu. sampradaayam prakaram, sabhalo vishwaasa pareekshanu manugada saaginchadaaniki mariyu paripalananu konasaaginchadaaniki veelu kalpinche oppandaalanu kudurchukovadaniki sevalandistunna pradhaanamantriki modati avakaasam ivvabadutundi. fibravari 1974 saarvatrika ennikalu thoogu paarlamentu erpaatu chesina taruvaata, 2017 varaku, chivari minority prabhutvam kaarmika pradhana mantri harrold willson netrutvamlo enimidi nelala paatu konasaagindi. 1974 octoberulo jarigina saarvatrika ennikalaloo laber party 18 sthaanaalanu geluchukundi, vilsonku moodu sthaanaalalo majority ichindi.
thoogu paarlamentu kooda sankeerna prabhutvam erpaatuku daariteeyavachchu, dheenilo rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva paarteelu kaamanlalo majorityni pondadaaniki ummadi karyakramam gurinchi charchalu jaruputaayi. yuddham vanti jaateeya sankshobha samayaallo kooda sankiirnaalu erpaddaayi. atuvanti paristhitulalo, paarteelu tama raajakeeya vibhedaalanu tatkalikamga pakkana pettadaniki mariyu jaateeya sankshobhaanni edurkovadaniki ekam kaavadaaniki angeekaristaayi. sankiirnaalu arudugaa unnaih 1721 nundi, dozenu kante takkuva unnaayi.
2010 saarvatrika ennikalu thoolika paarlamentuni erpaatu chesinappudu, sampradaayavaada mariyu udaaravaada prajaasvaamya paarteelu debbai samvatsaraalalo modati sankeernamaina cameron-clegg sankiirnaanni erpaatu cheyadaaniki angeekarinchaayi. 2010 kii mundu UK loe munupati sankeernam rendava prapancha yuddhamlo, mae 1940 nundi mae 1945 varaku, chaalaa varaku sampradaayavaada pradhana mantri winston churchill netrutvamlo undedi. laber party nayakudu clement atlee upa pradhana mantrigaa panicheesaaru. 2015 saarvatrika ennikala taruvaata, torilu puurti majorityni geluchukunna taruvaata desham tirigi oke party prabhutvaaniki vachindi.
treasury commission.
pradhaanamantri padavi ippatikee ekkuvagaa rajyangam yokka sampradaayam; daani chattaparamaina adhikaram pradhanamgaa pradhana mantri kooda khazanaku modati prabhuvu anae vaastavam nundi teesukobadindi. eee rendu karyalayala anusandhanam-okati sampradaayam, marokati nyaayaparamaina karyalayam-1714loe hanovarian vaarasatvamto praarambhamaindi.
1714loe modati georg british simhasananni adhishtinchinappudu, athani german mantrulu lard hye koshadhikari padavini khaliga unchamani salaha icchaaru, endukante iteevali samvatsaraalalo daanini nirvahinchina vaaru mitimeerina saktivantamgaa edigaaru, phalitamgaa, saarvabhoumaadhikaarini prabhutva adhipatigaa bharti chesaaru. oka prabhuvu unnata koshadhikari kotta rajutho tama prabhavanni balaheenaparustaadani kooda vaaru bhayapaddaru. anduvalla vaaru ayana karyalayanni "commission" loe unchaalani suuchimchaaru, antey aiduguru mantrulatho kuudina kamitee kalisi daani vidhulanu nirvahistundi. siddhaantaparamgaa, adhikaranni eee balaheenaparachadam anedi vaarilo evarainaa prabhutva adhipatigaa bhavinchakunda nirodhistundi. raaju angeekarinchi, khazanaku modati prabhuvu, rendava prabhuvu mariyu mugguru juuniyar prabhuvulatho kuudina khazana erpaatu chesaadu.
1714 nundi evaruu lard hye koshadhikariga niyaminchabadaledu; idhi moodu vandala samvatsaraalugaa commissionlo undhi. treasury commission 18va sataabdam chivaralo samavesam aagipoyindi, conny chaalaa bhinnamaina vidhulatho unnappatikee manugada saaginchindih treasuryki modati prabhuvu ippudu pradhana mantri, rendava prabhuvu khazanaku chhaansalar (mariyu vaastavaaniki treasuryki baadhyata vahistaadu), mariyu juuniyar prabhuvulu house off commonslo party kramasikshananu konasaginche prabhutva korada debbalu; vaariki ikapai treasuryki sambandhinchina vidhulu laevu, ayinappatikee adheena chattaniki treasury sammati avasaramaite, daani tarapuna santakam chese juuniyar prabhuvulalo iddaru unnaaru.
tolinaalla pradhaanulu.
"modati" "pradhana mantri".
karyalayam takshaname srushtinchabadatam kante abhivruddhi chendindi kabatti, modati pradhani evaro puurtigaa spashtamgaa teliyakapovacchu. ayithe, eee paeru saampradayakamgaa surr robbert valpole kuu ivvabadindi, athanu 1721loe grate britton treasuryki modati prabhuvu ayyadu.
1720loe, patthi, vyavasaya vastuvulu mariyu baanisala vyaparam kosam srushtinchabadina dakshina samudra samstha kuppakoolindi, deenivalla vaelaadi mandhi pettubadidaarulu aardhikamgaa naasanamayyaaru mariyu raaja kutumba sabhyulatho sahaa aneka mandhi itarulu bhaarii nashtalanu chavichusaru. raajakeeya, aardhika naipunhyaalaku prasiddhi chendina robbert vaalpolnu atyavasara paristhitini nirvahinchadaaniki king georg I pilicharu. gananeeyamaina naipunhyam mariyu kontha adrushtamtho, prajala credit mariyu vishwaasaanni punaruddharinchadaaniki valpole twaragaa vyavaharinchi, deshaanni sankshobham nundi bayataku teesindi. oka samvatsaram taruvaata, raaju atanni khazanaku modati prabhuvu, khazanaku chhaansalar mariyu house off commons nayakudiga niyaminchaadu-atanni prabhutvamlo atyanta saktivantamaina mantrigaa chesaadu. nirdaya, mondi mariyu kashtapadi panichese ayana "telivaina vyapara pragna" kaligi undevaaru mariyu purushula adbhutamaina nirvahakudu. taruvaati rendu dasaabdaala paatu vyavahaaraala adhipatigaa, valpole dhesha aardhika vyavasthanu sthireekarinchaadu, daanini saantiyutamgaa unchaadu, daanini susampannamgaa marchadu mariyu hanovarian vaarasatvaanni bhadraparichaadu.
kotta rajyanga chatram kinda mukhyamantri-oka pradhani-prabhutvaaniki nijamaina adhipati elaa avtaro valpole modatisaari pradarsinchaaru. modata, saarvabhoumaadhikaari ikapai neerugaa palinchaledani, conny ippatikee prabhutvaaniki naamamaatrapu adhipati anie gurtinchina ayana, taanu "raaju sevakudu" tappa marokati kaadani nokki chepparu. rendavadi, adhikaram saamaanyulaku maarindani gurtinchina ayana akkada dhesha vyapaaraanni nirvahinchi, anni vishayaalalo prabhuvulapai aadhipatyam chelaayinchaadu. moodavadi, mantrivargam karyanirvahakamga maari, aikyamgaa undaalani gurtinchina ayana, itara sabhyulapai aadhipatyam chelaayinchi, thana vidhaanaalaku vaari puurti maddatunu demand chesaaru. naalugodi, raajakeeya paarteelu mantri balaniki muulam anie gurtinchina ayana wig paarteeki naayakatvam vahinchi, kramasikshananu konasaaginchaaru. commonslo, athanu wig sabhyulandari maddatunu, mukhyamgaa padaviloe unnavaari maddatunu nokki cheppadu. chivaraku, 1742loe vishwaasa pareeksha tarvaata thana kaaryaalayaalaku rajinama cheyadam dwara bhavishyat pradhaanamantrulaku oka udaaharanagaa nilichaadu, andulo athanu kevalam moodu otlatho gelichaadu. athanu saarvabhoumaadhikaaram yokka vishwaasaanni nilupukunnappatiki, eee majority yokka sannadanam athani saktini balaheenaparichindi.
sandigdhata mariyu tiraskarana.
ayana chesina anni sevalaku gaanu, aadhunika konamlo valpole pradhaanamantri kaaledu. raaju-paarlamentu kaadu-atanni ennukunnadu; mariyu raaju-valpole kaadu-mantrivargaanni enchukunnadu. valpole oka udaaharanagaa nilichaadu, oka udaaharanagaa kaadu, mariyu koddimandi athani udaaharananu anusarinchaaru. 1742loe valpole patanam taruvaata 40 samvatsaraalaku paiga, eee sthaanam gurinchi vistrutamaina sandigdhata undhi. konni sandarbhaallo, pradhana mantri itara vyaktulachae adhikaram upayoginchabade pramukha vyaktigaa undevaaru; marikonni sandarbhaallo saarvabhoumaadhikaari vaastavaaniki paalinchina munupati kaalapu "mukhyamantri" namuunaaku tirogamanam jarigindi. itara samayaallo iddaru pradhaanulu unnatlu kanipinchindi. udaaharanaku, edu samvatsaraala yuddhamlo grate britton palgone samayamlo, prabhutva adhikaralu duke off nucasil mariyu vilium pitt madhya samanamga vibhajinchabaddaayi, idhi vaariddarinii pratyamnaayamgaa pradhana mantrigaa varninchadaaniki daariteesindi. antekakunda, "pradhana mantri" anae birudu "prabhutva adhipati" gaa saarvabhoumaadhikaaram yokka rajyanga sthaanaanni aakraminchindani mariyu itarulandarinee saarvabhoumaadhikaarulu niyaminchi, samanamga baadhyata vahistunnanduna idhi itara mantrulanu avamaaninchadamani chaalaa mandhi bhaavinchaaru.
eee kaaranaala valla, sheershikanu upayoginchadaaniki ayishtata undedi. vaalpolnu ippudu "modati" pradhani anie pilichinappatikee, ayana padaveekaalamlo eee birudunu saadhaaranamgaa upayoginchaledu. valpole swayamgaa dheenini khandinchaaru. 1741loe, valpole pathanaaniki daariteesina daadi samayamlo, shamyul sandis "mana rajyangam prakaram manaku ekaika mariyu pradhana mantri undaleru" anie prakatinchaaru. thana rakshanalo, valpole matladutu, "neenu ekaika ledhaa pradhana mantrini anie, naa prabhavam mariyu disaku prabhutva vyavahaaraalannintiki aapaadinchabadaalani neenu nissandehamgaa khandistunnanu". 1760laloe pradhana mantri ayina georg grenville, idhi "asahyakaramaina sheershika" anie, daanini eppuduu upayoginchaledani annaru. america swaatantrya yuddha samayamlo raaju prabhutvaaniki ayishtamgaa unna adhipati ayina lard north, "tananu taanu pradhaanamantrigaa ennatikee pilavaledu, endukante idhi raajyaamgaaniki teliyani karyalayam".
pradhana mantri padavi yokka chattaparamaina unikini khandinchadam 19va sataabdam antataa konasaagindi. udaaharanaku, 1806loe, oka common sabhyudu, "rajyangam pradhana mantri aalochananu asahyinchukuntundi" anie annaru. 1829loe lard lansdowne ilaa annadu, "paarlamentu chattam dwara atuvanti karyalayam unikini gurtinchadam kante konte ledhaa rajyanga viruddhamainadi marokati undadu".
20va sataabdam prarambham natiki, saampradayakamgaa, rajyanga sopanakramamlo pradhana mantri padavi atyanta mukhyamaina sthaanamgaa maarindi. ayinappatikee daani adhikaaraalanu vivarinche ledhaa daani unikini angeekarinche chattaparamaina patraalu laevu. eee kaaryaalayaaniki icchina modati adhikaarika gurtimpu 1878loe berlin oppandamlo matrame undhi, appudu izrael "treasuryki modati prabhuvu mariyu aame britannic ghanataku pradhana mantri" gaa santakam chesindi. edu samvatsaraala taruvaata, 1885loe, adhikaarika recordulu hunsored loe mudrinchina prabhutva mantrula jaabitaalo "pradhana mantri" nii upayoginchi pradhana mantri samsthanu namodu chesaayi. adhikaaramlo unnavaariki vaari swantha hakkulo chattabaddhamaina adhikaram ledhu. 1904 natiki, orther balfour haddingtonlo thana prasangam loe thana karyalayam yokka sthithini vivarinchaaduh "pradhana mantri kii pradhana mantri gaa jeetam ledhu. pradhana mantrigaa aayanaku chattabaddhamaina vidhulu laevu, paarlamentu chattaalalo ayana paeru ledhu, rajyanga shrenilo atyanta mukhyamaina sthaanaanni kaligi unnappatikee, ayana dhesha chattaala dwara gurtinchabadina sthaanam ledhu. idhi oka vintha vairudhyam."
1905loe scatland charchi yokka general assembly moderator ayina canterbury mariyu yark yokka arch bishaplu mariyu lard chhaansalar matrame "pradhana mantri" paerunu praadhaanyata kramamlo, rajetarulalo adhigaminchinappudu eee sthaanaaniki kontha adhikaarika gurtimpu ivvabadindi.
pradhaanamantri padavini perkonna paarlamentu yokka modati chattam-oka scheduello unnappatikee-1917 december 20naa checkers estate chattam. eee chattam surr orther mariyu laedii lii yaajamaanyamloni checkers estatenu kiriitaaniki bahumatigaa ichindi, bhavishyat pradhaanamantrulaku dhesha nivasamga upayoginchadaaniki.
1937 naati crown act yokka mantrulalo nissandehamaina chattaparamaina gurtimpu ivvabadindi, idhi "treasuryki modati prabhuvu mariyu pradhana mantri" ayina vyaktiki jeetam chellinchadaaniki nibandhana chesindi. rendu vandala samvatsaraala sandigdhatanu spashtamgaa gurtinchina eee chattam, "pradhana mantri padavi unikiki, mariyu pradhana mantri padavi mariyu treasury modati prabhuvu karyalayam madhya chaaritraka sambandhaaniki chattabaddhamaina gurtimpunu ivvadam, aaa sthaanam mariyu kaaryaalayaaniki sambandhinchi jeetam andinchadam dwara uddesinchabadindi..."eee chattam" "sthaanam" "(pradhana mantri) mariyu" "karyalayam" "(khazanaku modati prabhuvu) madhya vyatyaasaanni choopindi, idhi modati vyakti yokka pratyaekamaina raajakeeya swabhaavaanni nokki cheppindi". ayinappatikee, pradhana mantri inti talupu, 10 downing veedhilooni ittadi palaka ippatikee "treasuryki modati prabhuvu" anae birudunu kaligi undhi, endukante idhi 18va sataabdam nundi adhikarikamga modati prabhuvu nivaasam, pradhaanamantri kaadu.
grate britton mariyu ireland union, 1801.
1798 naati airish tirugubaatu taruvaata, british pradhana mantri vilium pitt dhi younger, perugutunna airish jaateeyavaadaaniki parishkaram grate britton mariyu ireland rajyam yokka union anie nammadu. britainlo appudu ingland, wales, scatland unnaayi, conny irelandku daani swantha paarlamentu, prabhutvam unnaayi, ivi drudhamgaa aanglo-irish bhaashalo undevi, chaalaa mandhi airish prajala aakaankshalaku praatinidhyam vahinchaledu. eee mariyu itara kaaranaala valla, pitt thana vidhananni munduku teesukellaaru, 1782 rajyangam prakaram irelandpy thana niyantrananu appaginchamani airish raajakeeya varganni oppinchadamlo kontha ibbandi taruvaata, union 1800 chattaala dwara kotta union srushtinchabadindi. 1801 janavari 1 nundi, grate britton mariyu ireland oke raajyamgaa ekam cheyabaddaayi, grate britton mariyu ireland yokka united kingdom, ireland paarlamentu mugisindi, 1922 varaku british mantrulu british deevula yokka moodu raajyaalaku baadhyata vahinchaaru.
1918 united kingdom saadhaarana ennikalaloo, irelandlo jarigina phalitam airish republican party sinn faneku bhaarii vijayanni choopinchindi, vaaru tama manifestolo swatantra airish republicnu sthaapistaamani pratigna chesaaru. tadanugunamgaa, sinn phen mps, house off commonslo kuurchoevadaaniki bahirangamgaa ennikainappatiki, westminsterlo tama sthaanaalanu teesukoovadaaniki niraakarinchaaru, badulugaa 1919loe airish swaatantryaanni prakatinchadaaniki mariyu swatantra airish republic kosam viplavaatmaka ekasabha paarlamentunu erpaatu cheyadaaniki samavesamayyaru, dheenini dayle iren anie pilustaaru, idhi daani swantha prabhutvaanni sthaapinchindi, dheenini dayle iren mantritva saakha anie pilustaaru. adhe samayamlo, dayle niyantranaloki vacchi airish republican armiga prasiddhi chendina airish volunteerlu, airish swaatantrya yuddhamlo british rashtra dalaalaku vyatiraekamgaa poraadaaru. 1920 natiki, irelandloni 32 counteelalo 21 counteelalo iraa mariyu airish republican pooliisulu unnaaru, mariyu british adhikaram pattana praantaalalo matrame upayoginchabadindi. aaa vidhamgaa, 1919loe airish republic adhikaarika prakatanalo mariyu 1920loe irelandnu samarthavantamgaa swaadheenam chesukunnappudu pradhana mantrigaa unna david lloyd georg, britton mariyu mottam irelandlo samarthavanthamaina adhikaranni upayoginchina chivari pradhana mantri.
1921 december 6naa aanglo-irish oppandamtho swaatantrya yuddham mugisindi, idhi oka samvatsaramlone amaluloki ravalsi undhi. oppandam nibandhanala prakaram taatkaalika prabhutvam erpaatu cheyabadindi, conny airish republic namamatramga 6 december 1922 varaku unikilo undipoyindi, dveepamlooni 32 counteelalo 26 airish free state constitution act 1922 prakaram swayam paalita british dominianga marai, dheenini airish free state anie pilustaaru. kevalam aaru vaaraala paatu grate britton mariyu ireland pradhana mantrigaa padaviloe unna bonner laa, mariyu 1922 november saadhaarana ennikalaloo vijayam saadhinchina ayana, aaa vidhamgaa britton mariyu mottam ireland rendintinee naamamaatrapu baadhyatalatoo cover chesina chivari pradhana mantri ayyaru. november 20naa praarambhamaina parliamentary samavesamlo ekkuva bhaagam eee chattaniki ankitam cheyabadindi, mariyu "kathinamaina" vyatiraekata nepathyamlo bonner chattam swechhaa rashtra srushti dwara munduku saagindi.
"primus inter pares".
cabinet prabhutvam aavirbhavam.
pradhaanamantri padavini chattabaddhamgaa gurtinchadaaniki vimukhata unnappatikee, 1780laloe daani patla sandigdhata taggindi. thana paalana modati 20 samvatsaraalalo, georg III (1760-1820) mantrivargam velupala nundi vidhananni niyantrinchadam, mantrulanu niyaminchadam mariyu tolaginchadam, vyaktigata mantrulatho praivetgaa samavesam kavadam mariyu vaariki suuchanalu ivvadam dwara thana sonta "pradhana mantri" gaa undataaniki prayatninchaadu. eee paddhatulu mantrivarga samavesalalo gandaragolam mariyu vibhedaalaku kaaranamayyaayi; vyaktigata paalanalo king georg prayogam saadhaaranamgaa viphalamaindi. 1782 maarchilo american viplava yuddhamlo britton otami mariyu paarlamentu aviswaasa teermaanam kaaranamgaa lard north mantritva saakha (1770-1782) viphalamaina taruvaata, rockingham yokka marcuse mantrivargampai pradhana mantri niyantrananu punarudghaatinchindi. rockingham "charyalanu purushulatho paatu maarchaalane spashtamaina avagaahanapai pradhaanamantri padavini sweekarinchaaru; mariyu kotta mantritva saakhaku raaja sammati avasaramayye charyalu, vaaru pratipakshamlo unnappudu samarthinchina charyalu."ayana, ayana mantrivargam tama vidhanalalo aikyamgaa undi, kalisi nilabadataaru ledhaa padipotaru; vaaru angeekarinchani mantrivargamlo evarinee angeekarinchadaaniki kooda niraakarinchaaru. raaju georg padavee viramana chestaanani bedirinchaadu, conny chivariki avasaram kaaranamgaa ayishtamgaane angeekarinchaduh ataniki prabhutvam undaali.
eee samayam nundi, pradhana mantri padavi patla angeekaaram perugutuu vachindi mariyu anadhikarikamga matrame ayithe, eee birudunu saadhaaranamgaa upayoginchaaru. praarambhamlo vigsto sambandham unna, torilu daanini angeekarinchadam praarambhinchaaru. udaaharanaku, aaa karyalayam "raajyaamgaaniki teliyanidi" anie cheppina lard north, 1783loe "eee desamlo evarainaa oka vyakti ledhaa mantrivargam vanti kontamandi vyaktulu mottamni paripaalinchi, prati charyanu nirdesinchaali" anie cheppinappudu tananu taanu tippukunnadu."1803loe, vilium pitt dhi younger, oka tory kooda, oka snehitudiki" "saadhaaranamgaa modati mantri anie piluvabade eee vyakti" "prabhutvam panicheyadaaniki sampoorna avasaram anie suuchimchaadu, mariyu eee vyakti aardhika vyavahaaraalaku baadhyata vahinche mantri ayi undaalani thana nammakanni vyaktam chesaadu".
1784 ennikalaloo pitt pradhana mantrigaa dhruvikarinchabadinappudu toryla toku marpidi praarambhamaindi. 1801 varaku (mallii 1804 nundi 1806 varaku) tadupari 17 samvatsaraalu, pitt, tory, valpole, wig, mundu unna ardhamlo pradhana mantrigaa unnaaru.
1810 taruvaata vaari marpidi balopetam cheyabadindi. aaa samvatsaramlo, manasika asthirata (bahusha porphyria kaaranamgaa) thoo kramaanugatamgaa badhapadina georg III, saasvatamgaa picchivaadayyaadu mariyu thana jeevitamlo migilina 10 samvatsaraalu thana vidhulanu nirvartinchalekapoyadu. yuvaraju raajapratinidhi raajatvam yokka puurti adhikaaraalanu upayoginchakundaa nirodhinchabaddaadu. 1820loe regent georg IV ayyadu, conny athani 10 samvatsaraala paalanalo alasatvam mariyu panikimalinavadu. tatphalitamgaa, 20 samvatsaraala paatu simhasana dadapuga khaliga undindi mariyu tory pradhaanamantrula netrutvamloni tory mantrivargaalu aaa shoonyatanu puurinchi, vaastavamgaa tamantata taamugaa paripaalinchaayi.
1806 nundi 1807 varaku wig mantritva saakha minaha, torilu daadaapu 45 samvatsaraalu adhikaaramlo unnaaru. lard liverpool daadaapu 15 samvatsaraalu pradhana mantrigaa unnaaru; ayana mariyu pitt kalisi daadaapu 33 samvatsaraalu eee padavini nirvahinchaaru. vaari sudeergha, sthiramaina naayakatvamlo, cabinet prabhutvam rajyangam yokka sampradaayam ayyindi. suukshmamaina samasyalu parishkarinchabadavalasi unnappatikee, prabhutva mantrimandali vyavastha 1830 loe unnatle nedu kooda undhi.
westminster vyavastha anie piluvabade eee prabhutva roopam kinda, saarvabhoumaadhikaari raajyaaniki adhipati mariyu athani ghanamaina prabhutvaaniki naamamaatrapu adhipati. saarvabhoumulu house off commonslo panichese majorityni saadhinchagala vyaktini pradhana mantrigaa ennukuntaaru mariyu prabhutvaanni erpaatu cheyadaaniki atanni ledhaa aamenu aahvaanistaaru. prabhutvapu vaastava adhipatigaa, pradhaanamantri mantrivargaanni ennukuntaaru, paarlamentulo unna vaari nundi athani ledhaa aame uddesinchina vidhaanaalanu angeekarinche ledhaa saadhaaranamgaa angeekarinche vaari nundi daani sabhyulanu ennukuntaaru. pradhana mantri appudu mantrivargaanni saarvabhoumaadhikaariki sifaarasu chestaaru, athanu vaarini vaari kaaryaalayaalaku adhikarikamga niyaminchadam dwara empikanu dhruvikaristaadu. pradhana mantri netrutvamloni mantrivargam prabhutvam chese panulaku samishtiga baadhyata vahistundi. saarvabhoumudu vidhaanaala gurinchi sabhyulatho praivetugaa charchinchadu ledhaa mantrivarga samavesalaku haajaru kaadu. vaastava" palanaku sambandhinchi, chakravarthiki moodu rajyanga hakkulu matrame unnaih samacharam ivvadam, salaha ivvadam mariyu heccharinchadam. aacharanalo dheeni ardham saarvabhoumaadhikaari rashtra patraalanu sameekshinchi, pradhanini kramam tappakunda kalustaadu, saadhaaranamgaa varanikokasari, athanu thana prabhutvam pratipaadita nirnayaalu mariyu charyala gurinchi ataniki ledhaa aameku salaha icchi heccharinchavacchu.
nammakamaina vyatiraekata.
aadhunika british vyavasthalo house off commonslo majority party (ledhaa paarteela sankeernam) erpaatu chesina prabhutvam matrame kakunda, paalaka paarteelo sabhyulu kaani vaaru erpaatu chesina vyavastheekruta mariyu bahiranga pratipakshaanni kooda kaligi undhi. ayana ghanatvam yokka atyanta vishwasaneeyamaina vyatiraekata anie pilavabade vaaru speaker yokka edama vaipuna unna bencheelanu aakramistaaru. mundu bhaagamlo, treasury bench meeda unna mantrulaku neerugaa edurugaa kuurchunna pratipaksha nayakulu, jeetam pondhe "needa pradhana mantri" thoo puurti "needa prabhutvam" nuu yerparustaaru, pratipaksha nayakudu, prabhutvam padipothe ledhaa odipothe padavini chepattadaaniki siddhamgaa untaaru.
17va sataabdam chivaralo raaju prabhutvaanni vyatirekinchadam vishwaasaghaatukamgaa, rajadroham kooda gaa pariganinchabadindi. 18va sataabdamloo rendu paarteela vyavastha abhivruddhi chendadamtho eee aalochana ksheeninchi chivaraku adrusyamaindi. hiss majesties response" anae vyakteekarananu zaan habhouse, 1 va baaran broton roopondinchaaru. 1826loe, broton anae oka wig, oka billu nivedikanu vyatirekistunnatlu commonslo prakatinchaaru. oka joke gaa, ayana ilaa annaru, "eee pratipaadanapai abhyantaraalu vyaktam cheyadam ayana mahaaraaju mantrulaku chaalaa kashtamani cheppabadindi. naa vantugaa, eee marganni anusarinchamani vaarini balavantam cheyadam ayana mahima yokka vyatirekatapai chaalaa kashtamani neenu bhaavistunnaanu."eee padabandham pattubadindi mariyu appati nundi upayoginchabadutondi. konnisaarlu "viswasaneeya pratipaksham" gaa abhivarninchabadina idhi aneka raajakeeya paarteela chattabaddhamaina unikini angeekaristundi, mariyu oka mukhyamaina rajyanga bhavananu vivaristundihi prabhutvaanni vyatirekinchadam rajadroham kaadu; sahetukamaina vyaktulu daani vidhaanaalanu nijaayiteegaa vyatirekinchavachhu mariyu saarvabhoumatvaaniki mariyu deshaaniki vidheyata chuupavachchu.
rajyangam yokka sampradaayam vale oka sataabdaaniki paiga anadhikarikamga gurtinchabadina pratipaksha nayakudi sthaanaaniki 1937loe crown act mantrulu chattabaddhamaina gurtimpu icchaaru.
goppa samskarana chattam mariyu pradhana mantri padavi.
british pradhaanulu ennadoo prajalachae neerugaa ennukobadaledu. oka pradhana mantri party nayakudiga undavalasina avasaram ledhu; david lloyd georg modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo party nayakudu kaadu, mariyu 1931 nundi 1935 varaku ramse mcdonald kooda kaadu. pradhaanamantrulu baadhyatalu sweekarinchaaru endukante vaaru commons ledhaa lards sabhyulu, mariyu kaamanlalo majorityni vaarasatvamgaa pondaaru ledhaa saadhaarana ennikalaloo pratipakshaala kante ekkuva seetlanu geluchukunnaru.
1722 nundi, chaalaa mandhi pradhaanamantrulu commons sabhyuluga unnaaru; 1902 nundi, andarikee akkada oka seatu undhi. itara sabhyula maadirigaane, vaaru praarambhamlo oka niyojakavargaaniki matrame praatinidhyam vahinchadaaniki ennukoobadataaru. udaaharanaku, maajee pradhani toney blair 1983 nundi 2007 varaku county durhamlo sedzfieldku praatinidhyam vahinchaaru. 1994loe laber party nayakudiga ennikaina ayana 1997 saarvatrika ennikallo paarteeni 418 sthaanaalanu geluchukuni, sampradaayavaadulaku 165 sthaanaalatho poliste, house off commonslo majorityni saadhinchi, vijayam saadhinchaaru.
1997loe commonsku evaru ennikayyaaru ledhaa blair pradhaanamantri avtara ledhaa anae daanipai saarvabhoumaadhikaariki ledhaa prabhuvula sabhaku etuvanti ardhavantamaina prabhavam ledhu. ennikala prakriya nundi vaari nirliptata mariyu pradhana mantri empika daadaapu 200 samvatsaraalugaa rajyangam yokka sampradaayam.
ayithe, 19va sataabdaaniki mundu, vaaru gananeeyamaina prabhavanni kaligi unnaaru, chaalaa mandhi pourulu ootu hakku kolpoyaru mariyu kaamanlalo seatlu asamanamga ketayinchabaddayi anae vaastavaanni tama prayojanaaniki upayoginchukunnaru. prothsaaham, avineeti, lancham dwara, kireetam, prabhuvulu daadaapu 30 saatam seetlanu ("paaket" ledhaa "kullina baroglu" anie pilustaaru) "kaligi unnaaru", idhi vaariki saamanyulalo, pradhana mantri empikalo gananeeyamaina prabhavanni choopindi.
1830loe, charless gray, 2va earl gray, jeevitakaala wig, pradhana mantri ayyadu mariyu ennikala vyavasthanu samskarinchaalani nischayinchukunnaadu. 1832 naati goppa samskaranala billu anie pilavabade daanini aamodinchadaaniki ayana, ayana mantrivargam rendu samvatsaraala paatu poraadaaru. goppa samskaranala billu yokka goppatanam prateekaatmakata kante takkuva saaraamsamlo undhi. taruvaati taraaniki chendina udaaravaada raajaneetignudu zaan brait ilaa annaru, "idhi manchi billu kaadu, conny adhi aamodinchabadinappudu idhi goppa billu."gananeeyamgaa, idhi ootu hakkunu 65 saatam penchi 717,000 kuu penchindi; madhyataragati prajalu ekkuva kotta otlanu pondaaru. kullina 56 swayampaalita praantaala praatinidhyam puurtigaa tolaginchabadindi, migilina 30 mandhi praatinidhyamlo sagam mandhi unnaaru; gatamlo ootu hakku kolpoyina praantaala kosam srushtinchina swayampaalita praantaalaku khaalii cheyabadina seatlu pampinhee cheyabaddaayi. ayithe, aneka kullina praantaalu migili unnaayi, inca lakshalaadi mandhi kaarmika-taragati purushulu mariyu mahilalandarinee minahaayinchindi.
ayithe, prateekaatmakamgaa, samskaranala chattam anchanaalanu minchipoyindi. idhi ippudu magna carta mariyu hakkula billutho british rajyanga sampradaayamlooni atyanta mukhyamaina patraalalo okatigaa rank cheyabadindi.
modata, eee chattam ennikala prakriya nundi mariyu pradhana mantri empika nundi saarvabhoumaadhikaaraanni tolaginchindi. 100 samvatsaraala paatu nemmadigaa abhivruddhi chendutuu, eee chattam aamodinchabadina rendu samvatsaraala taruvaata eee samavesam dhruvikarinchabadindi. 1834loe, vilium IV raaju melborne pradhana mantrigaa tolaginchaadu, conny raaju empika chesina robbert peal, working majorityni erpaatu cheyalekapoyinappudu atanni tirigi pilavavalasi vachindi. appati nundi, yea saarvabhoumaadhikaaram paarlamentupai pradhanini vidhinchadaaniki prayatninchaledu.
rendavadi, eee billu prabhuvula adhikaranni tagginchi, vaari aneka paaket barolanu tolaginchi, vaariki etuvanti prabhavam laeni kotta barolanu srushtinchindi. balaheenapadina vaaru 1867,1884,1918 mariyu 1928laloe saarvatrika samaana ootu hakku sthaapinchabadinappudu marinta samagra ennikala samskaranala aamodaanni nirodhinchalekapoyaru.
chivariki, eee adhikara ksheenata paarlamentu chattam 1911kii daariteesindi, idhi saasana prakriyaloo prabhuvula paatranu attaduguna unchindi mariyu pradhana mantri prabhuvula sabhalo koorcholerani gatha sataabdamloo abhivruddhi chendina samavesaniki marinta praamukhyatanu ichindi. 1895 nundi 1902 varaku salisburyki 3va marcuse ayina robbert gaskoin-sessil alaa chesina chivari vyakti. 19va sataabdam antataa, prabhuvula netrutvamloni prabhutvaalu tarachugaa kaamanlalo kuurchunna mantrulatho paatu paalinchadamlo ibbandulanu edurkonnaayi.
buudida thana vaarasulaku oka udaaharanagaa mariyu oka udaaharanagaa nilichindi. 1867loe pradhana mantri hodha gurinchi bagehote cheppinatlugaa, ayana "primus inter pares" (samaanulalo modativaadu). thana wig vijayanni samskaranala aadesamgaa upayoginchukoni, budidarangu eee lakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki prati parliamentary parikaranni upayoginchi, daanini saadhinchadamlo nirantaraayamgaa undhi. raaju patla gowravam unnappatikee, prajala mariyu paarlamentu sankalpaanni angeekarinchadam thana rajyanga kartavyamani ayana spashtam chesaaru.
viswasaneeya pratipaksham kooda angeekarinchindi. kontamandi asantrupta torylu taamu majorityni tirigi pondina tarvaata billunu raddu chestamani paerkonnaaru. conny 1834loe, kotta sampradaayavaada nayakudu robbert peal, eee billunu "eee dhesha shanti mariyu sankshemaaniki yea snehitudu bhangam kaliginchadaaniki prayatninchani goppa rajyanga prasnaku tudi mariyu maarchaleni parishkaram" anie thana tomm worth manifestolo perkonnappudu eee muppunu antam chesaaru.
prajaadarana pondina pradhaanamantrulu.
1832 kii mundu pradhana mantri padavi oka ekanta karyalayam. prastuta adhyakshudu thana mantrivargam mariyu itara prabhutva adhikaarulatho kalisi panicheesaaru; ayana appudappudu saarvabhoumaadhikaaritho samavesamai, vasanta mariyu vesavi kaalamlo paarlamentulo samavesamainappudu haajarayyevaaru. ennikala samayamlo kooda ayana eppuduu prachaaraaniki vellaledu; vidhanalu, samasyala gurinchi saadhaarana otarlatho neerugaa matladatam chaalaa arudu.
goppa samskaranala billu aamodinchabadina taruvaata, vaikhari yokka swabhaavam marindi pradhaanamantrulu prajala madhya bayataku vellavalasi vachindi. eee billu otarlanu 717,000 kuu penchindi. tadupari chattam (mariyu janabha perugudala) 1867loe 2 millionlaku, 1884loe 5.5 millionlaku mariyu 1918loe 21.4 millionlaku penchindi. ootu hakku peragadamtho, adhikaram prajalaku maarindi, party naayakatvaaniki sambandhinchi pradhaanamantrulu marinni baadhyatalanu sweekarinchaaru. tama anucharulanu prerepinchadam, vyavastheekarinchadam, party vidhaanaalanu vivarinchadam, daani "sandesaanni" andinchadam sahajamgaane vaari meeda padindi. vijayavantamaina nayakulu kotta naipunhyaalanu kaligi undali manchi prasangam ivvadaaniki, anukuulamaina imagenu pradarsinchadaaniki mariyu janasamuuhamtoe sambhaashinchadaaniki. vaaru party mariyu mantritva saakha yokka "swaram", "mukham" mariyu "chitram" gaa maararu.
tarachugaa "modal prime minister" anie piluvabade robbert peal eee kotta paatranu gurtinchina modati vyakti. 1841 yokka vijayavantamaina sampradaayavaada pracharam taruvaata, J. doubleu. croker oka lekhalo, "ennikalu adbhutamainavi, mariyu andaruu surr robbert peal paerunu marchadam utsukata. saarvabhoumaadhikaaram kosam prajalu modati mantrini ennukovadam mana charitralo naaku gurthundipovadam idhe modatisaari. mister. 84loe pitt kesu sameepa saaruupyata; conny appudu prajalu saarvabhoumaadhikaaram yokka empikanu matrame dhruveekarinchaaru; ikkada prati sampradaayavaadi abhyardhi tananu taanu surr robbert peal vyaktigaa saadhaarana padaalaloo prakatinchukunnadu, aaa praatipadikana ennikayyaaru."
benzin disreli mariyu vilium ewart gladstone tama "chitraalanu" prajalaku andinchadam dwara eee kotta paatranu marinta abhivruddhi chesaaru. vaari maaruperlu "talanoppi" mariyu "goppa vruddhudu" anie pilustaaru, vaari kaalamlooni samasyalapai vaari rangurangula, konnisaarlu chedhu, vyaktigata mariyu raajakeeya satrutvam-saamraajyavaadam verses. saamraajyavaada vyatiraekata, ootu hakku vistarana, kaarmika samskaranalu, airish swaparipaalana-1881loe izrael maranam varaku daadaapu iravai samvatsaraala paatu konasaagindi. pennie press, chaayaachitraalu, raajakeeya cartoonla dwara namodu cheyabadindi, vaari satrutvam nirdishta vyaktulanu prajala manassulo pradhaanamantritvamtho anusandhaaninchindi, daani hodaanu marinta penchindi.
prati okkaroo tama gurinchi, tama party gurinchi bhinnamaina praja pratishtanu srushtinchukunnaaru. videshaalalo british prayojanaalanu kaapaadataaniki saamrajyaanni vistarinchina disraili, 1876loe victoria raani kii "bhaarata saamraagni" anae birudunu pradaanam cheyadam vanti goppa havabhavalu chestu, thana (mariyu sampradaayavaada party) pratishtanu "saamraajyavaada" gaa pempondinchukunnaadu. saamrajyamlo takkuva viluvanu chusina gledstone, saamraajyavaada vyatiraeka vidhananni (taruvaata "little ingland" anie piluvabade) pratipaadinchaadu, mariyu thana (mariyu udaaravaada party) chitraanni "prajala manishi" gaa pempondinchukunnaadu, oka abhiruchiga goddalitho goppa ook chetlanu narikivese chitraalanu prasaram chesaadu.
prajalaku neerugaa vignapti cheyadam dwara gladstone pratishtaku minchinadi. thana midlothian prachaaramlo-athanu aaa kounteeki abhyardhigaa nilabadinanduna pilavabade-gladstone polaalu, haalulu mariyu railway stationlalo vandalaadi, konnisaarlu vaelaadi mandhi vidyaarthulu, raitulu, kaarmikulu mariyu madhyataragati kaarmikulatoe matladadu. otarlatho neerugaa maatlaadina modati nayakudu kakapoyinappatiki-ayana mariyu izrael iddaroo intaku mundu pratyeka sandarbhaallo party vidheyulatho neerugaa matladaru-ayana mottam niyojakavargaanni pracharam chesina modati vyakti, vinadaniki ishtapade evarikainaa thana sandesaanni andinchadam, thana maddatudaarulanu prothsahinchadam mariyu thana pratyarthulanu maarchadaaniki prayatninchadam. desavyaaptamgaa pracharam cheyabadina gladstone sandesam party sandesamgaa maarindi. daani praamukhyatanu gamaninchina lard shaftesbury, "pradhana mantrini stump meeda chudatam kotta vishayam mariyu chaalaa teevramaina vishayam."
prajalaku neerugaa pracharam cheyadam saadhaaranamaindi. david lloyd georg mariyu winston churchill vanti 20va sataabdapu aneka mandhi pradhaanamantrulu vaari prasanga naipunhyaalaku prasiddhi chendaaru. radeo, chalana chitraalu, television mariyu internet pravesapettina taruvaata, chaalaa mandhi tama praja pratishtanu pradarsinchadaaniki mariyu deshaanni uddesinchi prasanginchadaaniki eee saanketika parignaanaanni upayoginchaaru. 1920luu mariyu 1930laloe radeo prasaaramlo praaveenyam kaligina stanley baldwyn, desheeya salahalu mariyu jaateeya garvam yokka saralamaina vyakteekaranalato nindina thana prasamgaalalo jaateeya prekshakulanu cherukunnaru. churchill kooda radeonu goppa prabhaavamtho upayoginchaadu, rendava prapancha yuddha samayamlo thana prasamgaalato prajalaku sphuurtinistuu, bharosa icchi, teliyajesaadu. iteevala iddaru pradhaanamantrulu, margaret thatcher mariyu toney blair (iddaroo oka dasaabdam ledhaa anthakante ekkuva kaalam pradhana mantrigaa gadipinavaaru), rock starla maadirigaa pramukha hodaanu saadhinchaaru, conny vaari marinta 'adhyaksha' nayakatva sailiki vimarsinchabaddaaru. anthony king prakaram, "blair yokka pramukhula rangasthalamloni aadharalu indulo unnaayi... athani guitar, athani saadhaarana dustulu... football athani thala paie nundi naipunhyamgaa bownes ayyindi... laber party samavesalalo prasamgaalu mariyu pradarsanalanu jagrattagaa nruthyaroopakalpana chesaaru."
paarlamentu chattam mariyu pradhana mantri.
oka raajakeeya paarteeki nayakudiga, thana ghanamaina prabhutvaaniki adhipatigaa undatame kakunda, aadhunika pradhani chatta roopakalpana prakriyanu nirdesinchi, thana party karyakramanni chattamgaa amalu chestaaru. udaaharanaku, toney blair, dheeni laber party 1997loe paakshikamgaa british hakkula billunu amalu chestamani, scatland mariyu wales kosam pampinhee chesina prabhutvaalanu srushtistaamani vaagdaanam chesi ennikayyaaru, taruvaata paarlamentu dwara maanava hakkula chattam (1998), scatland chattam (1998) mariyu wales chattam (1998) dwara nirvahinchabadindi.
padnaalugo sataabdapu paarlamentu aavirbhavam nundi, idhi saamaanyulu mariyu prabhuvulatho kuudina dvisabha saasanasabhagaa undhi. saamaanyulu ennukoobadataaru; prabhuvulalo unnavaaru kaadu. chaalaa mandhi prabhuvulanu duke, markwess, earl mariyu wiscount vanti birudulatoe "taatkaalika" anie pilustaaru. santulanam lard aadhyaatmika (aangla charchi yokka puurveekulu).
eguva sabha charitralo chaalaa varaku, prabhuvu taatkaalika bhuswamulu, vaaru tama estatelu, birudulu mariyu sthaanaalanu vaarasatva hakkugaa kaligi unnaaru, konni sandarbhaallo satabdaalugaa-oka taram nundi maroka taraaniki badilee cheyabadindi. udaaharanaku, 1910loe, 1500kii mundu srushtinchabadina pandommidi mandhi unnaaru.
1911 varaku, pradhaanamantrulu commons mariyu lards dwara chattaniki maarganirdesam cheyalsi vachindi mariyu idhi chattamgaa maaradaaniki rendu sabhalalo majority aamodam pondavalasi vachindi. idhi ellappuduu sulabham kaadu, endukante raajakeeya vibhedaalu tarachugaa sabhalanu vaeru chestaayi. bhuswamya kuleenulaku praatinidhyam vahistunna prabhuvu tatkalikamga saadhaaranamgaa tory (taruvaata sampradaayavaadulu) gaa undevaaru, vaaru yathaathatha sthithini konasaaginchaalani korukunnaru mariyu ootu hakkunu vistarinchadam vanti pragatiseela charyalanu pratighatinchaaru. commons sabhyula party anubandham takkuvagaa anchanaa veyabadindi. 18va sataabdamloo daani alankarana maarutuu undedi endukante prabhuvulaku ennikalapai gananeeyamaina niyantrana undedih konnisaarlu wiggs aadhipatyam chelaayinchaaru, konnisaarlu torylu. 1832loe goppa samskaranala billu aamodinchabadina taruvaata, saamaanyulu kramamga marinta pragatiseelamgaa maararu, eee dhorani ootu hakku yokka prati tadupari vistarana aamodamto perigindi.
1906loe surr henry camp bell-bannerman netrutvamloni liberal party kaarmika vargaaniki saamaajika samskaranalaku haamii icchina vedikapai bhaarii vijayanni saadhinchindi. sampradaayavaadula 132 seetlatho poliste 379 seetlatho, udaaravaadulu tama saasana karyakramanni common dwara aamodinchaalani nammakamgaa aasinchavachchu. ayithe, adhe samayamlo, sampradaayavaada party prabhuvulalo bhaarii majorityni kaligi undhi; vaari prayojanaalaku viruddhamgaa unna commons aamodinchina yea chattanni ayina adhi sulabhamgaa raddu cheyagaladu.
aidu samvatsaraala paatu, commons mariyu lards okadaani taruvaata okati billupai poraadaaru. udaaravaadulu tama kaaryakramamlo konni bhaagaalanu munduku teesukellaaru, conny sampradaayavaadulu itarulanu veeto chesaaru ledhaa savarinchaaru. 1909loe prabhuvulu "prajala budget" nuu raddu chesinappudu, vivaadam daadaapu anivaryamgaa rajyanga sankshobham vaipu kadilindi.
1910loe, pradhana mantri hetch. hetch. paarlamentu sabhala madhya sambandhaalanu niyantrinchadaaniki" askit oka billunu pravesapettaadu, idhi chattampai prabhuvula veeto adhikaranni tolagistundi. saamaanyulache aamodinchabadina, prabhuvulu daanini tiraskarinchaaru. eee amsampai jarigina saadhaarana ennikalaloo, udaaravaadulu balaheenapaddaaru, conny ippatikee vaariki soukaryavantamaina majority undedi. askit abhyardhana meraku, raaju georg V appudu billu aamodam pondela tagina sankhyalo kotta udaaravaada sahacharulanu srushtistaanani bedirinchaadu. shaashwata udaaravaada majorityni angeekarinche badulu, sampradaayavaada prabhuvulu longipoyaru, mariyu billu chattamgaa maarindi.
paarlamentu chattam 1911, saamaanyula aadhipatyaanni sthaapinchindi. speaker off dhi commons chetha dabbu billugaa dhruveekarinchabadina yea billunu kooda prabhuvulu oka nela kante ekkuva kaalam alasyam cheyalerani idhi perkondi. antekakunda, prabhuvulu tiraskarinchina edainaa billu, daani asalu aamodam nundi rendu samvatsaraalu gadichinatlayithe, varusaga moodu samavesalalo common aamodinchinatlayithe, adhi chattamgaa maarutundani chattam perkondi. prabhuvulu ippatikee chattanni amalu cheyadaanni alasyam cheyavachu ledhaa nilipiveyavacchu, conny ikapai daanini raddu cheyaleru. 1949 paarlamentu chattam dwara prabhuvula "suspension" adhikaranni oka samvatsaraaniki tagginchaaru.
parokshamgaa, eee chattam rajyanga shrenilo ippatike pradhana mantri aadhipatya sthaanaanni penchindi. prabhuvulu ippatikee saasana prakriyaloo nimagnamai unnappatikee, pradhana mantri ippatikee rendu sabhala dwara chattanni maarganirdesam cheyalsi unnappatikee, prabhuvulaku ikapai veeto chese adhikaram ledhaa saamaanyulu aamodinchina chattanni amalu cheyadaanni alasyam chese adhikaram ledhu. pradhana mantri mantrivargampai niyantrananu konasaagistaarani, party kramasikshananu konasaagistaarani, saamanyulalo majorityni kaligi untaarani bhaavinchi, pradhaanamantrulu tama saasana agendaanu aamodistaarani haamii ivvabadutundi.

