
futunan bhasha

futunan ledhaa futunion anedi futunalo (mariyu alofi) matlade polynesian bhasha. thoorpu-futunan anae padaanni vanavaatulooni futuna mariyu aniva yokka bahya dveepaalalo matlade sambandhita paschima futunan (futuna-anivan) nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki kooda upayogistaaru.
eee bhasha itara paaschaatya polynesian bhaashalatho daggari sambandham kaligi undih fagaveva, valician, tongaon, samovan, tokeluu mariyu nivaphoyu.
idhi austronatian, maleyo-polynesian, madhya-thoorpu maleyo-polynesian, thoorpu maleyo-polynesian, mahasamudra, madhya-thoorpu mahasamudram, maarumuula mahasamudram, madhya pasiphik, thoorpu physion-polynesian, polynesian, anhu, samoic-avtlier, futunic, futuna, thoorpugaa vargeekarinchabadindi.
eee bhasha ksheenistunna sthaanika pasiphik bhashala samuuhamloo sabhyadaesamgaa undhi, idhi antarinchipothunna bhashaluga vargeekarinchabadindi.
charitra.
missionaryla ottidi kaaranamgaa 1888 fibravari 16naa french rakshita rajyaanni sthaapinche oppandampai king sigave santakam chesaaru. eee dveepaalu nyuu caledonia yokka french kaalanee adhikaaramlo unchabaddaayi. 1917loe, moodu saampradaaya rajyalu valis, futuna mariyu alophilu france yokka kaalaneeluga vileenam cheyabaddaayi. 1961loe pourulu french videshee bhoobhagamgaa maaradaaniki ootu vaesaaru, eee dveepaalu ververu samskrutulatoe rendu vibhina polynesian samaajaalaku nilayamgaa unnappatikee, valis mariyu futunalanu chattabaddhamgaa ekam chesaaru.
french kaalanee ayinappatikee, european bhasha aadhipatyam yokka bhasha parinaamaala nundi futunan saapekshamgaa rakshinchabadindi. rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo matladevari sankhya natakeeyamgaa taggadam praarambhinchinappudu paristhiti maaradam praarambhinchindi. eee ksheenatalo oka pradhana sanghatana nyuu caledoniaku pedda sankhyalo sthaanika futunion matladevaru valasalu. appati nundi french samaajamlo futunannu kappivesindi, idhi grade paatasaalallo upayoginche praathamika bhashaga maarindi. futunanlu tama bhashanu pratiroojuu matladataru mariyu upayogistaaru, pradhanamgaa european sthaanikulatho ledhaa vidya rangaalalo frenchnu matrame upayogistaaru. rfo-radeo futunanlo 15 nimishala rojuvaaree vaartaa prasaralanu prasaram chestundi.
phonology.
futunan bhaashalo aidu acchulu unnaayi;/a, e, i, o, u/, ivi chinnavi ledhaa podavainavi kaavacchu. podavaina acchulanu macron dwara suchistaruh ā, ē, ī, ō, ü.
futunanlo 11 hallulu unnaih 4 plosives/p, t, k, α/; 3 nasika/m, n, α/; 1 drava/l/; mariyu 3 fricatives/f, v, s/.
futunan akshara nirmaanam (sii) vii, udaaharanalu "iyo" (avunu), "tausu" (okaru cava traagina chota kalavadam), "avuva" (pratikuula anivaarya kanamu) modalainavi.).
vyaakaranam.
sarvanamalu.
moodava vyakti sarvanamam ippudu futunanlo arudugaa upayoginchabadutundi. third purson singular minaha anni sarvanama suuchanala kosam, futunan prii-posed mariyu post-posed sarvanaamaala empikanu andistundi, ivi subjectuku mundu ledhaa taruvaata unchabadina sarvanamalu. aadhunika futunan puurva-bhangima mariyu post-bhangima sarvanamalanu vyakteekarinchae avakaasaanni tolaginchindi. clitic sarvanamalu (clitic sarvanamalu prakkane unna padampai aadharapadi untaayi mariyu ardhamlo vaati swantadaanipai nilabadavu.) modati mariyu rendava rakam vividha rakaala vaadanalaku anugunamgaa undavachuhu asthiramaina upavaakyaalu yokka sampuurnata, asthiramaina upavaakyaalu yokka ergative mariyu asthiramaina upavaakyaalu yokka sampuurnata. konni sandarbhaallo polynesian bhasha kutumbaaniki pratyekamainadi, futunan oka ergative kriya yokka rogini suuchimchadaaniki mundu-unchina sarvanamanni upayogistundi. saadhaarana sambhaashanhalo puurva-moukhika sarvanamam vadakam chaalaa tarachugaa untundi.
futunan sambhaashanhalo mundugaa-unchina sarvanamalanu vistrutamgaa vaakyanirmaanamlo upayogistundi, ikkada post-posed sarvanamalu thokalalo ekkuvagaa upayoginchabadataayi. post-posed sarvanamalanu kaligi unna vakyalu rendu saadhyamayye padha kramaanni matrame kaligi untayih vavo (kriya, kriyavisheshanam, vastuvu) ledhaa vova (kriya, vastuvu, kriyavisheshanam) (udaaharanakuh etusi eah ou eah latou kae cow anoe oo fakaafogaa loku faco ii lae asso oo tolok. "tolok loe jarige utsavaalalo graamaaniki praatinidhyam vahinchadaaniki vaaru naaku praatinidhyam vahinchaaru"). saha-sambhavinche clitic mariyu post-posed sarvanamalu saaruupya focusing functionlatho post-posed sarvanaamaala pratyaekamaina sanghatanaku maargam chuupinatlu telustondi.
kriyalu.
khachitamaina bahuvachana namavachakalu mariyu namavachaka padabandhaalu, post-verbal sarvanamalu mariyu saraina namavachakala mundu 'eah' marker avasaram, ayithe idhi oka vyaasam ledhaa swaadheena sarvanamam mundu unna padabandhaalaku avasaram ledhu. ergative argumentla mundu 'ii' marker upayoginchabadutundi. i' mariyu 'kii' gurtulu aneka rakaala ardhaalanu kaligi untaayi mariyu aneka rakaala sharatulanu santrupti parustaayi. saadhaaranamgaa 'ii' yokka vastuvulu tappanisari, ayithe 'kii' yokka konni vastuvulu matrame. avi disaatmaka, kaarana ledhaa vaayidya cases markerluga vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadataayi. avi gamyam, lakshyam ledhaa uddesyamto paatu bhavana, chirunama ledhaa anubhooti yokka kriyalanu suuchistaayi.
kriya taragatulu vyaktigatam kaani, asthiramaina (a/a + i), madhya (a + kii), parivartanaseela (a + e), "aa + e", "aa + i" ledhaa aa + e "kriyalanu kaligi untaayi. chaalaa varaku aa + i mariyu a + e kriyalu vaati vaadana nirmaanaanni maarchadaaniki utpannam avtayi. futunan oke, double mariyu triple vaadana nirmaanaalanu kaligi undhi. i' mariyu 'kii' anae pratyayaalanu kriyalanu pondadaaniki upayogistaaru, oke utpaadaka pratyayam 'a' antey 'nindi undandi'. oka vaakyamlo udbhavinchani kriyatho kuudina sampoorna vaadana oka agentnu suuchisthee, adhi ergativga gurtinchabadutundi mariyu sampoorna sandarbhamlo roogi jodinchabadataru. (udaaharanakuh "kutu" antey paenu; "kutu-aaa" antey paenu thoo kappabadi undatam). oka sampoorna vaadana oka vaakyamlo oka rogini utpannamaina kriyatho suuchisthee, adhi adanapu ergative vaadananu kaligi untundi. (udaaharanakuh "lamata" antey longubaatu, "faca-lamata" antey longubaatu). rendu vaadanalatoe kuudina madhya kriyala vishayamlo kriya utpannam phalitamgaa anubhavagnudu ergative loe unchabadataadu mariyu vaadana sampuurnamgaa unchabadutundi.

