
megalopta

megalopta anedi holictidae kutumbamloni agoklorini tegaloni theneteegala yokka vistrutamaina neotropical jaathi, dheenini chemata theneteegalu anie pilustaaru. avi agochloriniloni aidu ratriputa jaatulalo atipeddavi. chaalaa varaku laetha integumentary pigmentation kaligi untaayi, mariyu annintikee pedda osellee untundi, idhi vaari ratriputa pravartana yokka lakshanam kaavacchu. vaaru ushnamandala madhya americalo mariyu mottam dakshina americalo nivasistunnaaru. upajaatulu "noctoraptor" cleptoperacetic. shilaja recordula nundi avi teliyavu.
"megalopta" nuu mottamodata 1853loe frederic smith varninchaaru. eee rakamaina jaathi "megalopta idalia", dheenini ippudu "megalopta amoena" anie pilustaaru. megalopta" paie chesina chaalaa adhyayanalu "m" paie drushti saarinchaayi. genalis ".
saadhaarana vivarana.
"megalopta" 2 centimeters podavu varaku untundi. avi pedda osellee mariyu mishrama kallanu kaligi untaayi, veetini ratriputa metha kosam upayogistaaru. avi muduru godhuma rangu patteetho pasupu/godhuma pottikadupu mariyu loha aakupaccha/pasupu nundi kaamsya thorax mariyu thala kaligi untaayi.
ratriputa pravartana mariyu drushti.
megalopta" yokka anni jaatulu ratriputa ledhaa crepuscular anie nammutaaru. saadhaaranamgaa, "megalopta" aahara labhyatatho sambandham lekunda, suuryaastamayam tarvaata mariyu suuryudu udayinche mundu sumaru 90 nimishala paatu churukuga undi, dvimiteeya metha namuunaalanu pradarsistundi. purushulu mariyu streelu konchem bhinnamaina samayaallo churukuga untaaru mariyu streelu saadhaaranamgaa mottam karyakalapala raetlu ekkuvagaa untaayi. rojuvaaree theneteegala nundi pootiini nivaarinchadaaniki ledhaa bahusha vaetanu nivaarinchadaaniki idhi oka samuchitamaina marpuga oohinchabadindi.
keetakaalu saadhaaranamgaa oka jatha mishrama kallanu kaligi untaayi, vaati thala paibhagamlo moodu single-lensed oselleelanu kaligi untaayi. chaalaa ratriputa keetakaalu suupar position compound kallanu kaligi undagaa, anni hymenoptera suupar position kalla kante kaantiki takkuva sunnitamaina opposition kallanu kaligi untaayi. "megalopta" yokka opposition kallu rojuvaaree theneteegala kante muppai retlu ekkuva kaantiki sunnitamgaa untaayi, conny idhi kooda vaati drushti yokka khachitatvanni vivarinchadu. vaaru tama raatri drushtini kooda bharti cheyadaaniki tama osellini upayoginchavacchu. pagati theneteegalu rojuvaaree theneteegala kante pedda osellini kaligi untaayi mariyu ratriputa theneteegalu annintikante pedda osellini kaligi untaayi. oselli khachitamaina drushya samacharam kosam upayoginchabadadu, conny drushya samacharam yokka itara upayogaala kosam upayoginchavacchu. "megalopta" osellee sunnitatvaaniki baga anugunamgaa untaayi. avi pedda osellar lenslanu kaligi untaayi mariyu robdom dwara kappabadina retina yokka saatam praantam rojuvaaree theneteegala kante aidu retlu ekkuva. ayithe, sunnitatvaaniki anugunamgaa maaradam anedi bahusha taatkaalika parishkaram yokka vyayamtho vachindi. oka siddhaantam emitante, vaaru tama taatkaalika spashtatanu meruguparachadaaniki naadii praadaesika sankalanam vyuuhaalanu upayogistaaru. vaati robdom podavainadi, microville adhe disalo samalekhanam cheyabadi untundi, idhi dhruvana kaanti disanu chuudataaniki veelu kalpistundi. "megalopta" oselleeki dorsal rim untundi, ikkada prakaasa graheetalu perugutunna ledhaa astamistunna suuryudi nundi vachhe dhruvana kaantiki sunnitamgaa untaayi. suuryaastamayam mariyu suuryoedayam aakaasamlo pratyaekamaina dhruvana kaanti namuunaalanu srushtistaayi, mariyu "megalopta" navigate cheyadaaniki eee kaanti namuunaalanu upayogistuu undavacchu. dhruveekruta kaanti disaatmakatanu gurtinchadaaniki uparitala shareera nirmaana shaastram unnappatikee, robdom "purugu aakaaramlo" untundi mariyu radialga amarchabadi untundi, idhi eee saamarthyaanni niraakaristundi. "meglopta" loe vaati osellilo varnadravyam kooda undadu, ivi takkuva tarangadairghya kaantini gurtistaayi, bahusha vaati adavi aavasala phalitamgaa undavacchu.
goodu kattadam mariyu stree sopanakramam.
"megalopta" chanipoyina kommalu, karralu mariyu teegalalo goodu kattutundi. vaati goollu namilina chekkatho chesina pravesha dwaaram chuttoo vilakshanhamaina collar kaligi untaayi mariyu pedda bolu sorangam mariyu aneka kanaalanu kaligi untaayi. antargata kanaalu pravesha dwaaram vale namilina chekkatho tayaaru cheyabadataayi. "megalopta" anevi adhyaapakula paramgaa eusotial. vaati goollu oke aada goolla nundi padakondu aada goolla varaku untaayi, conny saamaajika goollalo saadhaaranamgaa 2 nundi 4 aada goollu untaayi. podi kaalam perige koddi, oke aada goollu kramamga bahula aada goollaloki marutayi, dheeni phalitamgaa aada gudlu podugutaayi mariyu goodulo untaayi. saadhaaranamgaa, kaneesam oka aada santaanam goodulo undi, andaasayaalanu punarutpatti cheyadu ledhaa penchadu. foundress punarutpatti konasagistune aame badulugaa goodu mariyu metanu nirvahistundi. eusotial communitylu aneka taraala goodu-sahacharulanu kaligi untaayi, antey sambhogam samayamlo rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva santaanam veyabadaali mariyu podugaali. gudlu saadhaaranamgaa podi kaalamlo pedataayi mariyu 35 rojula tarvaata podugutaayi. podi podi kaalamlo pette gudlu saadhaaranamgaa takkuva, chinna kaarmikulanu utpatti chese tadi podi seasonku viruddhamgaa, punarutpattilo palgone pedda vyaktulanu utpatti chestaayi. punarutpatti mariyu podi kaalam madhya sambandham bahusha puula labhyata phalitamgaa untundi. ontari mariyu eusotial jeevanasaili yokka prayojanaalu rutuvulatoe maarutuu untaayi. podi kaalamlo, eusotial jeevanasaili utpaadakata prayojanaalanu andistundi, ayithe tadi kaalamlo, prayojanaalu saadhaaranamgaa beema aadhaaritamgaa untaayi.
bahula-stree theneteegalo, saadhaaranamgaa oka prabalamaina stree untundi mariyu migilinavi atisankhyagaa pariganinchabadataayi. aadhipatya stree saadhaaranamgaa macrocephalic mariyu theneteegalo atyanta vruddha mahila. aadhipatya stree theneteegala daddurlalo raanitoe samanamga untundi, mariyu raani ledhaa foundress anie kooda pilavabadutundi. adhika sankhyalo unna streelu rendu paatralalo untaru vetagallu mariyu goodu. goodu loe unde aadavi saadhaaranamgaa goodulo undi, pravesha dwaranni, alaage parisubhrata-aadhaarita panulanu kaapaadataayi. holictine saamuuhika-taatkaalikamainavi, antey avi gudlu pette mundu larva perugudalaku avasaramaina aaharaanni cash chestaayi mariyu abhivruddhi samayamlo larvalatho sankarshana chendavu. ayithe, prayogaatmakamgaa, foundress luu sealed sell lopala samasyalanu gurtinche saamarthyaanni pradarsinchaaru. foundress luu larva yokka paristhitini anchanaa vaeyadaaniki kanaanni terichaaru, tatphalitamgaa edho tappu unnatlu kanugonnaru, larvalanu raddu chesi, kanaanni tirigi upayoginchaaru, ledhaa tappu aemee kanugonaledu mariyu kanaanni tirigi seal chesaaru. tirigi mudrinchina kanaalalo larva saadhaaranamgaa abhivruddhi chendutaayi. foundress chese maroe tallidandrula pravartana parisubhramainadih aarogyakaramaina peddalanu utpatti chese kanaala nundi malam tolaginchadam. saamuuhika-taatkaalika pravartanala nundi eee vichalanalu eusocialityki purvagaamigaa bhaavistaaru.
gynandromorphy.
gynandromorphy anedi oke jeevilo stree mariyu purusha lakshanaalu rendinti uniki. megalopta" yokka rendu jaatulu gynandromorphini pradarsinchaayih "megalopta ameena" mariyu bhaareega adhyayanam cheyabadina "megalopta genalis". rendu namuunaalu edama vaipuna maga lakshanaalu mariyu kudi vaipuna aada lakshanaalatoo dwaipaakshika vibajananu kaligi unnaayi. bimodal metha periods unna maga ledhaa aada vyaktulatoe poliste, gynandromorph yokka karyakalapalu rojulo gananeeyamgaa marchabaddayi. eee adhyayanam oke namuunaapai aadharapadi undani mariyu "megalopta" loe gynandromorphy gurinchi saadhaaraneekaranalu cheyalemani gamaninchadam mukhyam. inca, eee utparivartana chaalaa arudu, mottam jaatilo rendu namuunaalu matrame kanugonabaddayi.
itara jaatulato paraspara charya.
"macrossiagon grassilis" anedi "m" yokka paraannajeevi. genalis "mariyu" m.ekodoria ". "megalopta" itara ontari theneteegala kante santaana paraannajeevi yokka takkuva retlanu kaligi untundi. mukhyamaina santaana paraannajeevulalo "lophostigma syncta", oka mutilid kandireega mariyu cleptoperacetic "megalopta" jaatulu unnaayi. aneka chanipoyina goollalo, karralo cheelikalu kanipistaayi mariyu kanaalu naasanam cheyabadataayi. idhi silky antiator, "cyclopes dedoctylus" yokka pani anie bhaavistaaru, conny dhruvikarinchabadaledu. aadavaariki kooda tarachugaa vaari metasomal grandhulalo pedda sankhyalo nematodlu untaayi. paraannajeevi fly yokka larva, "fibrigella" sp., "megalopta" kanaalalo puppodi nilvalanu tineyandi, deenivalla aaa kanaalalo nivasinche larvalu chinna shareera parimaanaanni kaligi untaayi. "parkia velutina" "megalopta dwara paraagasamparkam cheyabadutundi"."
cleptoperacitism.
kozener cleptoperacitism upajaatilo "nactoraptor" loe gamaninchabadindi. dheeni ardham eee theneteegalu itara "megalopta" jaatulanu parannajeevigaa chestaayi.emm. baironi "paraannajeevulu" m. genalis "mariyu" m. ekuvadoria, "conny chaalaa matuku itara jaatulanu parannajeevigaa chestundi"."noctoraptor vishayamlo, cleptoperacitism anedi santaana parannajeevigaa roopaanni teesukuntundi. "noctoraptor" goollu ledhaa kanaalanu nirminchadaaniki sareeradharma shaastram ledhu, tadwara gudlu pettadaniki itara "megalopta" goollapai daadi chese paraannajeevulanu avi nirbandhistaayi.
jaatulu mariyu upajaatulu.
megalopta" loe phylogenypy gananeeyamaina charcha undhi. megalopta" kii rendu upajaatulu unnayani oka aalochanaa vidhanam perkondih "megalopta" mariyu "noctoraptor". upajaatulu "nactoraptor" 1997loe "m" rakamtho varninchabadindi. baironi."emm. baironi "anie piluvabade modati ratriputa paraannajeevi theneteega. "noctoraptor" nuu itara "megalopta" nundi paraannajeevitoo mudipadi unna shareera nirmaana vyatyaasaala dwara vaeru cheyavachu, veetilo taggina scopa, pedda skyth aakarapu mandibles mariyu basetibial plate lekapovadam vantivi untaayi. kotta saahityamlo, rendu upajaatulugaa vargeekarinchadaaniki badulugaa, aidu jaatula samuuhaala madhya vibhajanalu cheyabaddayi ages, amoena, yanomami, baironi mariyu sodalis. eee samuuhaalu saaruupya bhouthika lakshanaala dwara nirvachinchabadataayi. baironi jaatula samuuhamloo "noctoraptor" loe unde jaatulu untaayi. eee jaatula samuuhaalu brazillo "megalopta" kosam nirnayinchabaddaayi, kabatti jaatula samuuha jaabitaalalo telisina anni jaatulu undavu. jaatula samuuha vyavastha vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadaledu.
upajanara ledhaa jaatula samuuhaalatoe sambandham lekunda, "megalopta" anedi chaalaa varaku paraphylletic mariyu "genochlora" jaatito, "m" jaatito vargeekarinchabadindi. atra "itara" megalopta "kante" genochlora "thoo chaalaa daggari sambandham kaligi undhi. "genochlora" anedi "megalopta" yokka upajaatulu kaavacchu.emm. aatraa "oka ettaina jaatigaa pariganinchabadutundi, migilina jaathi lothattu praantam. "megalopta", "megomation", mariyu "megaloptidia" masaka-kaanti metha puurveekulatoo oke vamsaanni yerparustaayi. ratriputa metaki anugunamgaa abhivruddhi chendina taruvaata "genochlora" vamsam rojuvaaree metaki tirigi vachindani idhi suuchistumdi.
megalopta amoena" jaatini aneka paerlatoe pilustaaruh "megalopta ekuvadoria, megalopta centralis, megalopta idalia, megalopta gibbosa, megalopta ochrias, megalopta lekointeyi" mariyu "megalopta vigilance"."

