
shammons (hutton pustakam)

shamanlu cyberian aadhyaatmikata mariyu paaschaatya kalpana anedi paaschaatyulu cyberia shamanlanu elaa chusarane daani yokka chaaritraka adhyayanam. dheenini aangla charitrakaarudu ronald hutton raasaaru, appudu athanu bristal vishwavidhyaalayamlo panicheesaaru, mariyu 2001loe hambledon mariyu london dwara modata prachurinchabadindi. "shammons" vraayadaaniki mundu, hutton prarambha aadhunika britton, puurva-kraistava matam, british jaanapada kathalu mariyu samakaaleena anyamatam vanti vishayaalapai varusa pustakaalanu rachinchaaru.
eee pustakam moodu vibhagaluga vibhajinchabadindi. modatidi, "shamanla gurinchi manaku enduku telusu anie memu anukuntunnamu" anae sheershikato, madhya yugam nundi neti varaku rashyanlu mariyu itara paaschaatyulu cyberia mariyu daani shamanic abhyaasakulanu elaa ardham chesukunnaro chustundi. mukhyamgaa, cyberia bhavananu daadi chestunna rashyanlu elaa srushtinchaaro, mariyu russian saamrajyam mariyu taruvaata soviet union prabhutvaalu akkada nivasinchina aneka jaathi samuuhaalatoe elaa sambhashinchayo, mariyu vaaru daani swadeshi shamanik nammakaalato elaa vyavaharinchaaro idhi chustundi. rendava vibhaagamlo, "shamanla gurinchi manaku telisinatlu manam bhavinchedi", athanu panditulache ennadoo khachitamgaa nirvachinchabadani shamanism bhaavanatho unna kashtanni highlight cheyadaaniki munduku saagutaadu. athanu cyberialo shamanik nammakalu mariyu abhyaasaalaku sambandhinchina vividha lakshanaalanu anveshistaadu, vishwodbhava shaastram, parikaraalu mariyu dustulu mariyu vaati aachara pradarsanalanu chustadu; antataa, athanu eee praantamlooni shamanla madhya goppa vaividhyaanni nokki cheptaadu. moodava mariyu chivari vibhaagamlo, "shamanic prapanchamlo cyberia", hutton cyberialo mariyu daani velupala, eurasialoni itara praantaalalo shamanic nammakaala chaaritraka abhivruddhini chustadu. chivaraku, athanu cyberialo prastuta shamanism sthithi mariyu neoshamanism prabhaavampai thana drushtini mallistaadu.
jaanapada kathalu" mariyu "magic yokka vidya adhyayanam kosam journal" vanti peer-reviewed journalslo prachurinchabadina vidya sameekshalu pradhanamgaa sanukoolamgaa unnaayi. ayithe puraavastu shaastravetta neel prais scandinavialo shamanistic nammakaala gurinchi hutton charchalo oka samasyanu gurtinchaaru.
nepathyam.
1953loe janminchina ronald hutton, oxfordloni magdaleen kalasalalo post graduate adhyayanam cheyadaaniki mundu, cambridgeloni pembroke kalasalalo charitranu abhyasinchaadu. 1981loe, athanu bristol vishwavidhyaalayamlo charitra paatakudigaa niyaminchabaddaadu, akkada athanu 17va sataabdapu britanku ankitam chesina naalugu pustakaala shrenini rachinchaadu. 1991loe, british puraavastu saastrampai thana deerghakaala aasakti aadhaaramgaa, kraistava puurva matam gurinchi thana modati adhyayanam, "puraatana british deevula anyamata mataalu" nuu prachurinchaadu. athanu dheenini anusarinchi british jaanapada acharala gurinchi rendu adhyayanalu, "dhi raiz und phaal off merrie ingland" (1994) mariyu "dhi stations off dhi sunn" (1996), aapai "dhi vijayotsava chandrudu" (1999) anae paerutoe vikka charitranu adhyayanam chesaadu. shamanlu" thoo kalisi athanu kraistava puurva matha vishwaasaalu mariyu kraistaveekarana taruvaata avi marchabadina mariyu sankarshana chendina vidhaanampai thana parisoedhananu konasaginchadu.
saaraamsam.
parichayamlo, 1970la nundi, "shamanism" yokka naalugu vibhina nirvachanaalanu maanava saastravettalu mariyu mataparamaina adhyayanala panditulu sweekarinchaarani hutton paerkonnaadu. modatidi shamanism anedi oka vyakti "chaitanyam yokka maarina sthithilo unnappudu aatma prapanchaanni sampradinche yea abhyasanni suchistundanedi."itarula abhyardhana meraku ituvanti paddhatulanu nirvahinche nipunulaku rendava padam ketayinchabadindi. moodava nirvachanam shamanlanu "madhyamalu", "mantragatte vaidyulu", "aadhyaatmika vaidyulu" mariyu "pravaktalu" vanti itara maantrika-matha nipunula nundi konni paddhatula dwara vaeru cheyadaaniki prayatnistundi; aadhunika panditulu saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche nirvachanam idhe anie hutton paerkonnaadu. nalgava nirvachanam eee padaanni puurtigaa cyberia mariyu aasiyaaloni porugu praantaala matha vishwaasaalanu suuchimchadaaniki upayogistundi, ayithe hutton atuvanti nirvachananni tarkaviruddhamgaa pariganinchi vimarsinchaadu.
modati bhaagam-shamanla gurinchi manaku enduku telusani anukuntam.
modati adhyayam, "cyberia srushti", madhya mariyu thoorpu rashyaalooni cyberia praantaanni paschimaana nivasistunna europeanlu modata elaa nirvachinchaaru anedi chustundi. hutton appudu eee praantam yokka apaaramaina parimaanam, daani vaataavaranam mariyu daani bhougolikatanu kooda charchistaadu. shamanla srushti" anae sheershikato rendava adhyayam, russian adhikarulu cyberia sthaanika prajalanu elaa vargeekarinchaaru, 120 vibhina bhasha samuuhaalanu vaaripai paalinche prayojanaala kosam 35 "jaateeyatalu" gaa marcharu. idhi russian prabhutvam cyberian sthaanika samuuhaala saamskrutika mariyu jaathi maranahomam gurinchi charchinchadaaniki munduku saagutundi, aapai satabdaalugaa sthaanika cyberian samaajamlo sambhavinchina goppa vasyata mariyu maarpunu highlight chestundi.
moodava adhyayam, "cyberianla parivartana" loe, hutton cyberiapy russia vijayam gurinchi charchinchaaru, idhi ekkuvagaa 1580 mariyu 1650 madhya jarigindi. athanu dandayaatraku aardhika kaaranaalanu highlight chestaadu, ivi ekkuvagaa bochu vaanijyam phalitamgaa undevi, mariyu russian paalanalo, cyberialo sthaanika prajala mottam janabha perigindani paerkonnaadu. russia nundi airopa janabha thoorpu vaipu valasalu peragadam sthaanikulanu elaa prabhaavitam chesindo, alaage kraistavatvam, islam mariyu bouddhamatam, anni videshee mataalu, ivi sthaanika cyberian nammakaalato parichayam cheyabadi, sankarshana chendaayi, tarachugaa samanvaya misramaanni srushtistaayi, vaati prabhavanni pariseelinchadam gurinchi ayana charchinchaaru. adhyayam chivari bhaagamlo, athanu shamanlu mariyu itara sthaanika maantrika-matha abhyaasakulanu kraistava russian adhikarulu mariyu taruvaata soviet union yokka marxist-leninist paripalana rendintiche himsimchadaanni pariseelistaadu, ituvanti saampradaaya paddhatulu 1980la natiki puurtigaa nirmuulinchabaddaayi.
nalgava adhyayam, "shamanism yokka recordulu", cyberialoni shamanik mariyu sambandhita paddhatula yokka aneka european vruttaamtaalatoe vyavaharistundi. nairuti chainaalo oka maantrikudu-matha abhyasakudu gurinchi marco pooloo yokka 13va sataabdapu kathanaanni suuchistuu hutton dheenini praarambhinchaadu, idhi poruguna unna mangolia mariyu cyberia nundi vacchina taruvaati vruttaamtaalatoe saaruupyatanu kaligi undhi. eee vidhananni konasaagistuu, athanu oka mangol mantrikudi gurinchi rubruck yokka 1254 vruttaamtamlooni franciscon sanyasi viliyamnu suuchistaadu. 1557loe aangleyudu richard johnson roopondinchina cyberian shamanla yokka mottamodati european vruttaamtaanni, taruvaata dutchman nicolus whitson roopondinchina 1692 vruttaamtaanni ayana charchinchaaru. munduku saagutuu, hutton 18va sataabdapu vividha vruttaamtaalanu pariseelistaadu, veetilo ekkuva bhaagam cyberian praantamlooni maanava mariyu sahaja vanarulapai nivedinchadaaniki russian prabhutvam pampina saastravettalu roopondinchaaru, mariyu vaaru shamanlanu charchinche pratikuula vaikharini highlight chestaaru, ekkuvagaa vaarini mosagallu mariyu mosagaallugaa chuustaaru. maanava shaastram aavirbhavam mariyu maanava saastravettalu cyberia yokka shamanlanu adhyayanam cheyadam praarambhinchina vidhanam gurinchi charchinchadaaniki hutton munduku sagaru, vaaru saadhaaranamgaa vaari puurveekula kante ekkuva saanubhootigala vaikharini kaligi untaarani vivarinchaaru. chivaraku athanu shamanism yokka chihnalanu document cheyadamlone kakunda, daani vidhvamsamlo kooda sahaayapadatamlo soviet maanava saastravettala paatranu vivaristaadu.
rendava bhaagam-shamanla gurinchi manaku emi telusu anie manam anukuntamu.
aidava adhyayam, "shamanlu emi chesaaru", cyberia shamanla gurinchi khachitamgaa cheppagalige daani gurinchi hutton anveshananu andistundi. shammon" anae padam cyberian praantamlooni vividha rakaala maantrika-matha abhyaasakulanu suuchimchadaaniki upayoginchina "mudi" label anie ayana paerkonnaadu, alaage shammon paatra sthaanika cyberian mataaniki arudugaa kendramgaa undedane vaastavaanni kooda highlight chestaadu. vividha girijana samoohaalalo, shamanlu ververu vyaktulaku seva chesaarani, samaajamlo ververu vidhulanu nirvartinchaarani, ayithe vaaru saadhaaranamgaa vaidyam mariyu daivatva paddhatulalo paalgonevaarani ayana nokki chepparu. shamanik cosmologies" anae sheershikato aarava adhyaayamlo, sthaanika cyberianlalo moodu vishwodbhava bhavanalu vistrutamgaa unnayani hutton perkonnaduh "nirjeeva vastuvulu kooda aatma-roopaalatho nivasistunnayane nammakalu; prapancham aneka sthaayilalo nirminchabadindi; mariyu jeevulu okati kante ekkuva 'aatma' ledhaa animating saktini kaligi unnaayi."19va mariyu 20va sataabdaala nundi vacchina saakshyaala aadhaaramgaa matrame panditulu shamanism gurinchi nijamgaa charchinchagalarani, atuvanti nammakalu appatike raboye videshee matha udyamaalato samakaaleekarinchadam praarambhinchinappudu, athanu cyberia vishwodbhava saastraalalo kanipinche aneka rakaala aatma sahayakulanu charchinchaadu. eee samayamlo, athanu cyberian praantamloo bhaarii vaividhyaanni nokki cheptaadu, vividha saamskrutika mariyu jaathi samuuhaalu viswam yokka nirmaanam gurinchi mariyu shammon mariyu vaaru panichesina aatmala madhya sambandham gurinchi ververu nammakalanu kaligi unnaayi. cyberian shamanlandaru aatmalanu kaligi undi, niyantrinchakundaa niyantrinchaarani perkonnanduku matha charitrakaarudu mircia eliyaadnu vimarsistuu, hutton dheeniki viruddhamgaa sakshyalanu andistundi, konni praantaalalo, shamanlu aatmalanu niyantrinchadam kante vaarini saantimpajesaarani highlight chestundi. appudu athanu shamanlu panichesina aatmalu vaastavaaniki shammon oohalo unna manasika sthithulanu maarchukunnaayani paaschaatya hetuvaada drukpathaanni charchinchaadu.
edava adhyayam, "shamanik apprenticeship und equipment", cyberian shamanlalo vamsapaaramparya apprenticeship yokka swabhaavaanni anveshistundi, alaage oka "shamanik anaaroogyam" anae bhavananu pariseelistundi, dheeni dwara vyakti vaari adhikaaraalanu pondadaaniki mundu goppa badhanu anubhavinchaalsi vachindi. shammon sikshananu anveshistuu, maranam mariyu punarjanma yokka drushti shaamanijaaniki vishwavyaaptamgaa antarleenamgaa undani eliade aalochananu hutton vimarsinchaadu, idhi mottam cyberia antataa kooda kanipinchaledani, prapanchaanni okkate vadileyandi. badulugaa, sikshana pondina shammon vruttiloki pravesinche mundu chepattina "upasamharana kaalam" "nijamaina saarvatrika namuunaa anie, vaari aacharam mugisinappudu, vaaru mundugaa unna shamanlu mariyu vaari khaataadaarulache gurtinchabadatarani ayana paerkonnaaru. samagri mariyu dustula charchaku velutuu, cyberia antataa kaneesam oka shamanik vastuvunu cherchadam praamaanikamani ayana vaadinchaaru.
enimidava adhyayam, "shamanik performance" loe, hutton cyberian shamanlanu "pradarsana kalaakaarulu" gaa varninchaaru, ayithe eee pradarsanalu vaastavaaniki emito goppa vaividhyam undani paerkonnaaru. vaari pradarsanalalo konni meruguparachabadindaa anie charchistuu, athanu apprenticelu ledhaa specialist shamanik sahayakula prameyaanni pariseelistaadu. prekshakula paatranu anveshistuu, athanu shamanlu cheyagala atimaanavamaina adbhutaalanu chudatam dwara adhyayanni chuttumudataadu-levitation mariyu teevramaina sweeya-haani charyalu vantivi-mariyu veetilo konni bhramaluga chuupabadataayani vivaristuu, itarula vishayamlo, vivarana "kalavarapariche bahiranga prasnagaa migilipoyindi" anie vyakhyaaninchaadu."rendava bhaagam yokka chivari adhyaayamlo," nots und loose ends ", hutton cyberialo shamanism yokka vividha amsaalanu anveshistaadu. chellimpu paatra gurinchi charchistuu, konni praantaalalo, shamanlu ellappuduu vaari sevalaku chellinchabadataarani, conny itarulalo vaari sahayanni uchitamgaa ivvadam aacharam anie ayana highlight chesaaru; eee kaaranamgaa athanu cyberian shamanismnu "oka vrutti kakunda oka vrutti" gaa bhaavistaadu. cyberian shamanismlo entheogenla paatranu charchinchadaaniki konasaagutuu, avi arudugaa matrame upayoginchabadutunnayane eliade vaikhariki ayana maddatu istaaru. aakaram maaradamlo ledhaa cyberian shamanijamlo aatma margalalo shamanik nammakalaku parimita aadharalu unnayani highlight chestu, athanu jeevasambandhamaina lingam mariyu lingam yokka bhaavanalanu anveshinchadaaniki munduku veltaadu. namodu cheyabadina sandarbhaallo, shamanik vruttiloo saadhaaranamgaa mahilala kante purushulu aadhipatyam chelaayistaarani vaadistuu, hutton appudu transgender ledhaa third gender shamanla unikini anveshistaadu.
moodava bhaagam-shamanic prapanchamlo cyberia.
padava adhyayam, "shamanik prapancha aavishkarana", cyberian shamanism yokka muulaalatoe vyavaharistundi, munduku unchabadina rendu praathamika siddhaantaalanu anveshistundi; cyberialo shamanism daani muulaalanu puurva charitralo kaligi undhi, ledhaa madhya yugaalalo cyberian swadeshi matam bouddhamatam yokka amsaalanu sweekarinchadamtho abhivruddhi chendindi. rendoo saadhyamenani highlight chesinappatiki, bouddha prabhaavaaniki dhooramgaa uttara scandinavialo ilanti shamanik nammakalu unnanduna modatidi marinta aamodayogyamainadani hutton paerkonnaadu. shammon" anae padam yokka vyutpattini anveshistuu, 20va sataabdamloo soviet panditulu avalambinchina marxist vidhaanamtho praarambhinchi, cyberian shamanism adhyayanam chese charitrakaarulu avalambinchina vividha vidhaanaalanu pariseelistaadu. thana praathamika adhyayanamlo mircia eliade teesukunna tulanaatmaka mataparamaina vidhananni charchinchadaaniki munduku saagutuu, "hutton eliade rachananu, shamanism anedi prapancha paleolithic matam yokka prarambha roopam anae athani siddhaantaanni teevramgaa vimarsistuunae unnadu. chivaraku athanu eee samasyapai eoin levis panini pariseelinchadaaniki munduku veltaadu.
padakondava adhyayam, "shamanik gatam yokka aavishkarana", european puurva charitra mariyu charitralo shamanism unikiki sambandhinchina panditula vaadanalanu anveshistundi, puraatana sameepa thoorpu mariyu puraatana grease vanti praantaalapai drushti saarinchindi, eguva paleolithic guha kalalooni shamanistic amsaalanu mariyu puraavastu shaastravetta david levis-villiams chesina dakshina african kalaakrutulatoe polikalanu chuse mundu. airopalo shamanism yokka sambhaavya post-paleolithic manugadanu anveshistuu, shamanistic amsaalanu neolithic kalalo ledhaa prarambha madhyayuga velsh mariyu airish saahityamlo kanugonavacchu anae aalochananu ayana pariseelinchaaru. appudu athanu uttara scandinavialoni saami prajalalo shamanism unikini pariseelistaadu. adhyayam yokka chivari bhaagamlo, hutton dakshina airopaloni konni praantaalalo shamanistic muulakaalu aadhunika kaalam prarambham varaku manugada saaginchaayane siddhaantaalanu anveshistaadu, charitrakaarulu éva pocs mariyu gabór klaniczay yokka aalochanalanu pariseelistuu, hangerian "taltos" shamanik sampradaayamlo konasaagindi, alaage italian "benandanti" kii sambandhinchi kaarlo ginz burg yokka aalochanalu.
chivari adhyayam, "shamanik bhavishyattunu kanugonadam" loe, hutton 1980laloe soviet unionlo thana sonta prayaanaala gurinchi gurthuchesukuntadu, athanu maatlaadina vaarilo chaalaa mandhi shamanism gurinchi charchinchadaaniki elaa vimukhamgaa unnaro ledhaa eee amsaanni elaa tiraskarinchaaro paerkonnaadu. cyberian swadeshi nayakulu tama saamskrutika, mataparamaina vaarasatvaanni tirigi pondaalani, punarudghaatinchaalani korukune shamanism gurinchi marosari saanukuula paddhatiloo matladutunna russian federationloni samakaaleena paristhithitho ayana dheenini viruddhamgaa chepparu. 1980laloe mariyu soviet anantara kaalamlo kooda shamanism yokka nijamaina manugada gurinchi charchistuu, paaschaatya prapanchamlo neoshamanic udyamam yokka abhivruddhini, vividha cyberianlu neoshamanismnu sweekarinchina vidhananni, daanini cyberian shamanism yokka nijamaina konasagimpuga perkonna vidhananni kooda ayana pariseelinchaaru.
vidyaaparamaina aadarana mariyu gurtimpu.
vidyaaparamaina sameekshalu.
vidyaaparamaina "jaanapada" patrika kosam thana sameekshalo, shefield vishwavidhyaalayaaniki chendina jonathan rapar eee pani "labhadayakamga rettimpu kaalam undi undavacchu mariyu daanitoe sambandham unna samasyalaku marinta vistrutamaina chikitsanu andinchi undavacchu" mariyu idhi chitraala koratato baadhapadutundani paerkonnaaru. ayithe mottam meeda shamanism anae amsampai "paatakulaku oka mukhyamaina rachanaga khachitamgaa sifaarsu cheyabadaalani" ayana bhaavinchaaru, bhavishyattulo eee manoharamaina amsaanni marinta lothugaa charchinchadaaniki hutton tirigi vastaadani ayana aasinchaaru."
"shammons" nuu neel ell kooda sameekshinchaaru. aanglamlo "journal pharr dhi academic studdy off magic". anglis hutton yokka panini "aaa pratyeka ratnam" gaa prakatinchindi, idhi daani pratyeka swabhaavam unnappatikee vistruta aakarshananu kaligi untundi. pustakam yokka saraamsaanni vivaristuu, athanu thana sameekshanu daani gurinchi prastaavinchadam dwara kakunda, shamanism gurinchi manam inca ardham chesukovadamlo chaalaa viphalamayyaayani cheppadam dwara muginchaadu.
prajaadarana pondina sameekshalu.
thana websitelo, pustaka sameekshakudu anthony camp bell thana drushtini hutton yokka "shammons" vaipu mallinchi, daanini amsampai "saanubhootigala" charchaga abhivarninchaaru. hattannu "saamskrutika saapekshavaadi" gaa pariganinchi, aatma prapanchaanni sampradinchadaaniki nijamaina saamarthyaalu unnayani shamanic vaadananu hutton vishwasistunnadane thana anumananni ayana ettichuupaaru.
vistruta prabhavam.
norse maantrika paddhatula gurinchi thana maargadarsaka adhyayanam, "wiking margam matam mariyu yuddham chivarilo inupa yugam scandinavia" (2002) loe vraastuu, aangla puraavastu shaastravetta neel prais shamanism yokka prachurinchina adhyayanala saaraamsamlo hutton yokka "shammons" gurinchi kluptamgaa charchinchaaru. eee pustakam cyberian matam gurinchi "adbhutamaina adhyayananni" andinchindani vyaakhyaanistuu, ayithe "seeder" ledhaa norse magic gurinchi hutton "scandinavian muula samagri gurinchi ghoramgaa tappugaa samacharam ivvabadindani" bhaavinchaaru. norse mariyu saamii paddhatulanu "atukulu laeni konasagimpu" gaa pariganinchinanduku, mariyu "irics saaga rauda" loe paatha norse saahityamlo "vulva" gurinchi matrame prastaavana undani tappugaa nokkicheppinanduku athanu hattannu vimarsinchaadu. eee sandarbhamgaa, hutton yokka "saadhaaranamgaa aadarsapraayamaina scholarship" "konchem sannaga vyaapinchindani prais vicharam vyaktam chesindi."

