
guruvu

tutor, dheenini plato rachayita bhasha anie kooda pilustaaru, idhi sumaru 1965 loe praarambhamaina arbana-shampineloni illinais vishwavidhyaalayamlo plato vyavasthalo upayogam kosam abhivruddhi cheyabadina prograaming bhasha. tutornu modatlo computer sahayaka bodhana (kaii) mariyu computer nirvahinche bodhana (cmi) ("paataalu" anie piluvabade computer prograamlalo) upayoginchadaaniki paal tencor roopondinchaaru mariyu aaa prayojanam kosam aneka lakshanaalanu kaligi undhi. udaaharanaku, bodhakula dwara vidyaarthi recordulu mariyu ganaamkaalanu nirvahinchadam sulabhataram cheyadaaniki upadhyayudu saktivantamaina javaabu-parsing mariyu javaabu-teerpu aadesaalu, graphics mariyu lakshanaalanu kaligi untaadu. tutor yokka vasyata, plato yokka ganana saktitoe (1972loe suupar computerga pariganinchabade daanipai nadustunna) kalipi, vimaana anukarana yantraalu, yuddha atalu, cherasala shaili multiplayer roll playing games, card games, vard games mariyu "bugs und drugs" ("bnd") vanti vaidya paatham aatalatho sahaa aatala srushtiki kooda anukuulamgaa chesindi. tutor nedu cyber1 plato vyavasthaku prograaming language jeevistunnaru, idhi 1980la plato nundi chaalaa varaku soars kodnu naduputundi mariyu juun 2020 natiki sumaru 5000 mandhi viniyogadaarulanu kaligi undhi.
muulaalu mariyu abhivruddhi.
bodhanaa paataalanu roopondinchadaaniki tutor modata pratyeka prayojana rachana bhashaga abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, mariyu saadhaarana prayojana prograaming bhashaga daani parinaamam pranaalika laenidi.
plato III taruvaati rojullo plato vyavastha yokka rachayita bhashaku tutor anae paeru modata vartinchabadindi.
eee paerutoe bhasha yokka modati documentation, "tutor manueval", serl report x-4, bye r gaa unnatlu telustondi. eah. avner mariyu pii. tencor, zaan. 1969.
computer dwara russian bhasha anuvaadam neerpinchadam" anae vyaasam plato IV panicheyadaaniki kontakaalam mundu nundi tutor yokka snapshotnu istundi. bhasha yokka pradhana amsaalu unnaayi, conny aadesaalu pedda aksharamlo ivvabaddaayi, mariyu saadhaarana yantraamgaanni upayoginchadaaniki badulugaa, pratyaamnaaya aksharaala samitulaku maddatu "russian akshara samitini upayoginchi vraayadaaniki" kosam kokvij _ 1 vanti pratyeka aadhesha paerla dwara ivvabadindi."
1970la natiki, tutor prograamla yokka mottam corpus oke computer systemlo aanlainlo nilva cheyabadindane vaastavaanni tutor developerlu sadviniyogam chesukunnaru. bhashanu maarchaalsina avasaram vachinappudalla, vaaru ippatike unna anni kodlanu savarinchadaaniki tutor code corpus dwara marpidi softwarenu amalu chesaaru, tadwara adhi vaaru chesina maarpulaku anugunamgaa untundi.
phalitamgaa, tutor yokka kotta versionlu abhivruddhi cheyabadina tarvaata, plato versiontho anukuulatanu konasaginchadam chaalaa kashtam.
1981 natiki controll dayta corporation (sidisi), vaari plato documentation nundi paeru tutornu ekkuvagaa tolaginchindi. vaaru eee bhashanu "plato rachayita bhasha" gaa paerkonnaaru. ayithe, "tutor file" ledhaa "tutor leshan file" anae padabandham kooda plato rachayita bhaashalo vraayabadina vachananni nilva cheyadaaniki upayoginche file rakam paerugaa migilipoyindi.
bodhakudi paatham yokka nirmaanam.
oka bodhakudi paatham "unitla" kramaanni kaligi untundi, ikkada prati unit samacharanni pradarsinchadamtho praarambhamavutundi mariyu oka unit nundi maroka unitku purogati okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva prasnalaku sarigga samadhanam ivvadampai aadharapadi untundi. cobol paeraala maadirigaane, niyantrana munupati unit nundi tutor unitloki pravesinchi, tadupari unitloki nishkraminchavacchu, conny unitlu kokwos _ 2 ledhaa kokwos _ 3 aadesaalanu upayoginchi subrutainlugaa kooda pilavabadataayi.
marchi 1973 (computer aadhaarita vidya parisoedhana prayogasaala, arbana-shampine looni illinais vishwavidyaalayam) looni "tutor user memo" yokka 5va paejee nundi oka udaaharana unit ikkada undih
unit ganitam
205 vadda
eee samasyalaku samadhanam rayandi
 3 + 3 =
 4 × 3 =
baanam 413
samadhanam 6
baanam 613
samadhanam 12
eee udaaharana nundi aneka vishayalu ventane spashtamgaa kanipinchaali.
eee unitlo antarleenamgaa unna niyantrana nirmaanam spashtamgaa kanipinchakapovacchu. coque _ 5 command "judging block" kuu pravesaanni suuchistumdi, eee niyantrana nirmaanam tutor yokka pratyeka lakshanaalalo okati.
pratyeka lakshanaalu.
guruvu aneka pratyeka lakshanaalanu kaligi unnadu. eee krindi jabita bodhakudi maanyuvalku pratyamnaayamgaa uddesinchabadaledu, conny bhasha yokka atyanta aasaktikaramaina, vinootnamaina mariyu konnisaarlu gandaragola lakshanaalanu matrame highlight chestundi.
teerpu cheppadaniki samadhanam ivvandi.
tutorlo "judging block" anedi oka niyantrana nirmaanam, idhi oka coque 5 aadesamto praarambhamai tadupari coque 5, coque 8 ledhaa coque 9 aadesamto mugustundi. suuchimchina screen coordinatela vadda promptga pradarsinchabade pratyeka baanam aksharamtho ("" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" " vaastavaaniki, oka nyaayanirnaeta vibhaganni oka venukabadina niyantrana nirmaanamgaa bhaavinchavachchu, ikkada saraina samadhanam munduku saagadaaniki veelu kalpinche varaku vidyaarthi oka prasnaku samadhanam ivvadaaniki aneka prayatnaalu cheyavachu.
namuunaa saripolikanu nirnayinchadam.
prati teerpu block namuunaa saripolika aadesaala kramaanni kaligi untundi, veetilo prati okkati aaa namuunaa saripolithe amalu cheyavalasina aadesaala (bahusha khaalii) blacknu parichayam chestundi. rendu atyanta saadhaarana namuunaa saripolika aadesaalu kokwos _ 11 mariyu kokwos _ 12. ivi oke vidhamaina namuunaa saripolika ardhashaastraanni kaligi unnaayi, ayithe kokwos _ 11 oka vidyaarthi pratispandana saripolithe adhi sarainadani teerpu ichindi, ayithe kokwos _ 12 vidyaarthi pratispandana tappu anie teerpu ichindi.
coachy _ 11 mariyu coachy _ 12 aadesaalapai tagg feeldlu aichhika, avasaramaina mariyu pratyaamnaaya padaala jaabitaalanu kaligi unnaayi. 1973 "tutor user memo" loe vyayamam 4-1 nundi eee udaaharananu pariganinchandih
samadhanam <idhi, antey, a, idhi, chitram,
 bahubhuji>
 (kudi, rt) (tribhujam, tribhujaakaara)
idhi "idhi oka lamba tribhujam" ledhaa "idhi oka tribhujaakaara chitram" ledhaa kevalam "rt tribhujam" vanti samaadhaanaalato saripolutundi. idhi "tribhujaakaara" thoo saripoladam ledhu endukante "vidhamaina" padaalu vismarinchabadinatlugaa jabita cheyabadaledu, mariyu idhi "tribhujamtho saripoladam ledhu, sariyainada?"endukante
arder tappu.
namuunaa saripolika upavyavastha spelling lopaalanu gurtinchindi, kabatti "tribhujaakaara" ledhaa "tribhujaakaara" anae padaalu udaaharana namuunaatoe saripolutaayi. akshara doshaala gurinchi vyavastha entha paandityamgaa undho nirnayinchadaaniki paatha rachayita kokvij _ 17 aadesaanni upayoginchavacchu.
vividha tutor amalu chesevaaru upayoginche namuunaa saripolika algorithamlu vivaramgaa maarutuu untaayi, conny saadhaaranamgaa, input textloni prati padam mariyu namuunaalooni prati padam bitt vektarlugaa maarchabadataayi. vidyaarthi input yokka padam namuunaa yokka padaaniki saripolutundo ledho chuudataaniki, rendu bitt vectorla madhya hamming dhooram padaala madhya vyatyaasam yokka kolatagaa upayoginchabadindi. bitt vektarlu saadhaaranamgaa 60 ledhaa 64 bits podavu untaayi, aksharaala uniki, aksharaala jatha uniki mariyu modati aksharam kosam kshetraalu untaayi. phalitamgaa, pratyaekamaina oka bitt sankhya ledhaa atuvanti rendu bitt vectorla sankhya sambandhita padaala madhya dhwani vyatyaasam yokka paridhini anchanaa vesindi.
niyantrana nirmaanaalanu nirnayinchadam.
tutor judging block yokka niyantrana nirmaanam yokka anni prarambha pradarsanalu gandaragolamgaa unnaayi. ayithe, aadhunika paramgaa, oka teerpunicche vibhaganni vidyaarthi inputnu sarigga nirnayinchinappudu nishkraminche punaraavruta niyantrana nirmaanamgaa varninchavachhu. sareeram
eee niyantrana nirmaanamloo varusa kesulu untaayi, prati okkati kokwos _ 11 ledhaa kokwos _ 12 vanti namuunaa saripolika aadesam dwara pravesapettabadutundi.
munupati chakram tadupari chakraniki mundu screen nundi tolaginchabadutundi.
1973 "tutor user memo" looni vyayamam 4-1 nundi eee udaaharananu pariganinchandih
tappu <idhi, antey, a> chadarapu
1501 loe
oka chaturasram naalugu kaligi vraayandi
 vaipula.
vidyaarthi "chadarapu" ledhaa "chadarapu" nii input chesina sandarbhamlo, samadhanam tappugaa nirnayinchabadutundi, mariyu "oka chaturasram" anae vachananiki naalugu vaipula untundi."avtput terapai line 15 kaalam 1 nundi praarambhamavutundi. vidyaarthi pravesinchadam praarambhinchae varaku eee avtput terapai untundi
kotta samadhanam, eee samayamlo, adhi tolaginchabadutundi, tadwara kotta samaadhaanaaniki pratispandananu lekkinchavacchu. pradarsana tera daani munupati sthithiki tirigi vellae vidhanam amalu nundi amaluku maarutuu untundi. prarambha amalulu terminalnu erage modloki marchadam dwara mariyu saripolina mottam kesunu tirigi amalu cheyadam dwara nirvahinchabadataayi. konni taruvaata amalu chesinavi teerpu ichhe samayamlo utpatti cheyabadina avutputnu buffer chesaayi, tadwara eee avutputnu tolaginchavacchu.
kokv _ 3 command anedi subrutain coll yokka pratyaekamaina roopam. idhi joyne command sthaanamlo joined unit yokka boddy yokka text pratyaamnaayaaniki samanamga nirvachinchabadindi (paejee 21,1973 "tutor user memo"). anduvalla, oka joined unit anedi judging blacklo kontha bhaganni kaligi undavacchu. anduvalla, teerpu ichhe block anedi conceptuvalga varusa kesulanu chuttumutte iterator ayinappatikee, eee block ekapakshamgaa subrutainlugaa vibhajinchabadavachhu. (pratyaamnaaya sabrutin coll, kokvij _ 2 command, itara prograaming bhaashalalo sabrutin kaalstoe anubandhinchabadina saadhaarana ardhashaastraaniki anugunamgaa untundi.)
graphic mariyu display aadesaalu.
plato IV vidyaarthi terminallo 512 x 512 pixel plasma display panel undhi,
point plaat, line droying mariyu text display kosam hardware maddatutoe.
plato IV terminalloni prati pixel narinja ledhaa nalupu rangulo untundi. sidisi plato vii terminal plasma pyaanelnu anukarinchadaaniki ekavarna nalupu mariyu telupu crt nii upayoginchindi. antarnirmita aksharaala samitilo 63 aksharaala 4 setlu unnaayi, prati 8 x 16 pixels, veetilo sagam sthiramgaa unnaayi, sagam programme cheyadaginavi. eee terminalku tutor longuage puurti maddatunu andinchindi.
rendu samanvaya vyavasthalu undevi (broose sherwood rachinchina "tutor longuage" yokka rendava paejee-1 chudandi):
aadesaalanu geeyandi.
eee krindi udaaharana upaadhyaayuni yokka konni droying aadesaalanu vivaristundi.
dra 1812; 1852; daataveyandi; 1844; 1544
vruttam 16,344,288
dra 1837; 1537; 1535; 1633; 1833
kokwos _ 22 aadesampai varusa akshaamsaalanu vaeru cheyadaaniki ardhavirama chihnala vadakanni gamaninchandi. idhi cama-vaeru chesina suukshma akshaamsaalanu nissandehamgaa upayoginchadaaniki anumatistundi. saadhaaranamgaa, dra command varusa paayintlanu line segmentlatho kaluputundi, conny taglo coque _ 23nii unchadam dwara, coque _ 22 kamaandnu daani pennu bhavanatmakamga paiki ettadaaniki cheyavachu.
coakways _ 25 aadesamloni taglu kendram yokka vyaasaartham mariyu chakkati coordinatelanu istayi. adanapu taglu prarambhanni mariyu
pakshika vruttaalaku mugimpu koonaalu.
dra aadesaalanu chethitho compose cheyadam kashtam, kabatti eee panini automate cheyadaaniki 1974 natiki plato vyavasthalo picture editor cherchabadindi. idhi sthiramaina coordinatelathoo aadesaalanu geeyadamtho matrame vyavaharinchagaladu.
vachana pratipaadana aadesaalu.
eee krindi udaaharana tutor yokka konni text rendering saadhanaalanu vivaristundi.
unit sheershika
parimaanam 9.5 $$vachanamu 9.5 retlu saadhaarana parimaanam
45 degreela konamlo $$vachananni tippandi
2519 vadda
laatinlo vraayandi
parimaanam 0 $$saadhaarana rachanaku tirigi vastundi
0 tippandi
3125 vadda
kriyalapai paataalu vraayandi
parimaanam sunna bhramanam sunnaalo pradarsinchabadina vachanam plato terminal yokka antarnirmita akshara rendering hardwarenu upayoginchindi, ayithe sunna kaani parimaanamtho rendering cheyabadindi mariyu bhramana line vibhaagaalato cheyabadindi mariyu anduvalla terminalku communication link vegam kaaranamgaa gananeeyamgaa nemmadigaa untundi.
niyantrana nirmaanaalu.
daani pratyaekamaina javaabu teerpu yantraamgaalu kakunda, guruvu yokka asalu niyantrana nirmaanaalu chaalaa takkuvagaa undevi. 1970la madhyalo, eee lopaanni aichhika coque 28 mariyu coque 29 vibhaagaalato coque 26, coque 27 blaakulanu pravesapettadam dwara parishkarinchaaru. eee niyantrana nirmaanaala ardhashaastram nityakrutyamgaa undedi, conny vaakyanirmaanam tutor bhasha yokka tappanisari indentationnu vaarasatvamgaa pondindi, paithaannu suuchistumdi mariyu indentingnu konasagimpu panktula nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki oka pratyaekamaina khaalii kaani indent aksharanni jodistundi.
1981loe eline avner rachinchina "saaraamsam tutor aadesaalu mariyu system variables (10va edition)" yokka paejee s5 nundi eee krindi udaaharanalo idhi vivarinchabadindih
n8 <4 ayithe
. modati saakha vraayandi
. calls n9 34
lekapothe n8 = 4
. rendava saakha vraayandi
. edainaa oka unit cheyandi
vaerae
. default saakhanu vraayandi
. n8> 6 ayithe
. . pratyeka saakhanu vraayandi
. endiff
endiff
adhe vaakyanirmaanam saampradaayika prograaming bhaashalalo vail looplatho polchadagina ardhashaastramtho kuudina coque _ 31, coque _ 32 blacklaku upayoginchabadindi. 1981loe eline avner rachinchina "saaraamsam tutor aadesaalu mariyu system variables (10va edition)" yokka paejee s6 nundi eee krindi udaaharanalo idhi vivarinchabadindih
loop n8 <10
. loop lopala vraayandi
. sub1 enn8
punahprarambham n8 ≤5
. loop lopala inca vraayandi
. edainaa oka unit cheyandi
avtloop n8 <3
. loop lopala inca vraayandi
end loop
loop velupala vraayandi
c aadhaaramgaa bhashala yokka cocew _ 33 mariyu cocw _ 34 aadesaalu c aadhaaramgaa bhashala yokka cocw _ 35 mariyu cocw _ 36 prakatanalaku kontavaraku saaruupyata kaligi unnayani gamaninchandi, avi savarinchina loop yokka indenting sthaayilo undaali, mariyu suuchimchina niyantrana badilee eppudu jarugutundo soochinche sharatu tagg kaligi untaayi. idhi itara bhashala kante nirmaanaanni marinta saktivantamgaa chestundi, endukante lopali loop yokka edainaa line oke statementto aneka bayati looplanu muginchavacchu ledhaa punahpraarambhinchavachchu.
vyakteekarana vaakyanirmaanam.
tutor yokka vyakteekarana vaakyanirmaanam fortran yokka vaakyanirmaanam vaipu tirigi chudaledu, ledhaa aaa yugamlo paelavamgaa roopondinchina aksharaala setla dwara parimitam kaaledu. udaaharanaku, plato IV aksharaala samitilo subscript mariyu superscript kosam niyantrana aksharalu unnaayi, mariyu tutor veetini ghaataankam kosam upayoginchaaru. eee aadesaanni pariganinchandi ("tutor longuage", sherwood, 1974 yokka 4va paejee-1 nundi):
 vruttam (412 + 72.62) 1/2,100,200
aksharaala samitilo gunakaaram mariyu vibhajana kosam sampradaaya chihnalu, coque 37 mariyu coque 38 kooda unnaayi, conny fortran sthaapinchina sampradaayaala nundi marinta samuulamaina nishkramanalo, idhi avyakta gunakaranni anumatinchindi, kabatti coque 39 mariyu coque 40 vyakteekaranalu chellubaatu ayyayi, varusaga 99 mariyu 15.9 viluvalatho (sii. tii. opp). eee lakshanaanni atyavasaramgaa bhaavinchaaru. vidyaarthulu oka prasnaku sankhya samadhaanaanni type chesinappudu, vaaru operatorlu mariyu variables mariyu praamaanika beejaganita sangnaamaanaanni upayoginchavacchu, mariyu programme suutraanni sankalanam cheyadaaniki mariyu amalu cheyadaaniki tutor "compute" aadesaanni upayogistundi mariyu idhi saraina samaadhaanaaniki sankhyaaparamgaa samanamga (ledhaa floating point roundoff error lopala) undho ledho tanikhi chestundi.
eee bhaashalo greeku aksharam paie (π) thoo paeru pettabadina mundugaa nirvachinchabadina sthiraamkam, tagina viluvatho, gananalalo upayoginchavacchu. anduvalla, oka superscript dwara suuchimchabadina antarnirmita π sthiraamkam, avyakta gunakaaram mariyu ghaataankaanni upayoginchi vruttam yokka vaisaalyaanni lekkinchadaaniki kokvij _ 41 anae vyakteekarananu upayoginchavacchu.
tutorlo, coque 43 mariyu coque 44 daadaapu samanamga unte floating-point poolika coque 42 nijamani nirvachinchabadindi (avner, 1975 raasina "plato user memo, number vann" yokka paejee c5 chudandi). bodhanaa paataala ganitasastra amayaka devalaparlaku idhi saralikruta jeevitaanni ichindi, conny idhi appudappudu sankhyaaparamgaa adhunaatana code devalaparlaku talanoppiki kaaranamaindi, endukante coque 45 mariyu coque 46 rendoo oke samayamlo nijamayye avakaasam undhi.
ghnaapakasakti nirvahana.
oka rachayita bhashaga, guruvu kaneesa ghnaapakasakti vanarulatho matrame praarambhinchaadu mariyu vaatini taarumaaru cheyadaaniki atyanta kathinamaina sadhanalu matrame. prati viniyogadaaru prakriyaloo 150 chararaasula private dayta vibhagam untundi, mariyu shared memory dwara inter-user communicationnu anumatistuu shared "common blocks" nuu jodinchavachhu.
sidisi 6600 computerla kutumbaaniki anugunamgaa, plato IV vyavasthalo, padaalu 60 bitsga undevi. konni taruvaata amalu chesinavi dheenini 64 bitlaku marchai.
praathamika ghnaapakasakti vanarulu.
prati prakriya yokka private memory praantamloo 150 padaalu untaayi, veetini student variables anie pilustaaru; eee variables viluvalu sthiramgaa untaayi, session nundi session varaku vyaktigata viniyogadaaruni anusaristaayi. veetini puurnaanka viluvalanu pattukoodaaniki upayoginchinappudu coque 47 nundi coque 48 varaku ledhaa floating point viluvalanu pattukoodaaniki upayoginchinappudu coque 49 nundi coque 50 varaku anie sambodhinchaaru.
oka tutor paatham coque _ 51 aadesaanni upayoginchi 1500 padaala varaku bhaagaswaamya ghnaapakasakti unna oke praantaanni jatacheyagaladu. prati paatham aaa paatham yokka viniyogadaarulandaruu panchukunna chararaasulanu kaligi unna paerulaeni taatkaalika saadhaarana blacknu kaligi undavacchu. paatham upayogamloki vachinappudu atuvanti blocks srushtinchabaddaayi mariyu paatham nishkriyamgaa unnappudu ketayinchabaddayi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, saadhaarana blocks anie paeru pettabadinavi paatham yokka block (disk file) thoo anubandhinchabadi untaayi. shared memarini kokwais _ 52 dwara kokwais _ 53 (puurnaamkaala kosam) ledhaa kokwais _ 54 dwara kokwais _ 55 (floating point numberla kosam) gaa sambodhinchaaru.
150 vidyaarthi chararaasulu sariponi chota, oka paatham eee paataanni upayoginchavacchu.
1000 padaala varaku adanapu private memory vibhaganni srushtinchadaaniki coche _ 56 command. eee vibhagam marpidi sthalamlo matrame undedi, conny dheenini vidyaarthi chararaasulu ledhaa saadhaarana chararaasulaku mapp cheyavachu. udaaharanaku ("tutor longuage", sherwood, 1974 yokka x-11 paejee nundi):
saadhaarana 1000
nilva 75
stolload vc 1001,1,75
eee udaaharana coque 52 nundi coque 58 nuu shared paerulaeni common blackga nirvachistundi, ayithe coque 59 nundi coque 60 varaku private nilva.
sanketha paerlanu nirvachinchadam.
tutor coque _ 61 command sii coque _ 62 preprocessor directivenu chaalaa pooli untundi. ghnaapaka namalanu chararaasulatoo anubandhinchadaaniki idhi ekaika maargam. memarini sthiramgaa ketayinchadam mariyu chararaasulaku paerlanu ketayinchadam prograamarpai aadharapadi untundi. tutor user memo-intraduction tuu tutor", 1973 looni 17va paejee nundi eee udaaharananu pariganinchandi."
naa paerlanu nirvachinchandi
 modatidi = v1, rendavadi = v2
 phalitam = v3
idhi moodu floating point variablesnu nirvachinche coque 63 anae nirvachanaala samitini srushtistundi. viniyogadaarulaku "mea paathamlo ekkadainaa v3luu ledhaa v26luu undakudadu, kakus _ 61 prakatanalone tappa. paatham praarambhamloonae mea anni nirvachanaalanu unchandi, akkada meeru yea chararaasulanu upayogistunnarane daani gurinchi meeku siddhamgaa suuchana untundi."(" "dhi tutor longuage" ", sherwood, 1974 yokka asalu, paejee IV-5 nundi nokkicheppadam".
tutor longuage", sherwood, 1974 yokka ix-2 paejee nundi eee drushtaamtamlo vale, sthuula-pratyaamnaaya sabdaarthaalatho vidhulanu nirvachinchavacchuh
cotan (eah) = kaas (eah)/sinn (eah) nii nirvachinchandi
sii maadirigaa kakunda, tutor yokka asalu paridhi niyamaalu sthaanika nirvachanaalaku etuvanti nibandhanalu lekunda swachchamaina "upayogaaniki mundu nirvachanam" gaa undevi. anduvalla, paina upayoginchina adhikaarika paramiti cocew _ 65kii munupati nirvachanam undakudadu.
taruvaata tutor abhivruddhilo, bahula perugala nirvachanaala parichayamtho, prograamarku prastutam amalulo unna nirvachanaala samitulapai spashtamaina niyantrana ivvabadindi. udaaharanaku, cock 66 anae paeru pettabadina samuuhamlooni anni nirvachanaalanu vismaristundi.
shrenulu, pyaak chesina shrenulu mariyu vachana taarumaaru.
vachananni taarumaaru cheyadaaniki asalu tutor sadhanalu nirdishta vachana karyakalapala kosam aadesaalapai aadharapadi undevi, udaaharanaku, pyaak cheyabadina akshara stringnu memarylo varusa chararaasulugaa unchadaaniki coque 67, marokati lopala oka string kosam sodhinchadaaniki coque 68 mariyu memory nundi memareeki stringnu taralinchadaaniki coque 69. 1975 natiki, puurnaamkaalu mariyu pyaak chesina shrenula shrenula kosam marinta saadhaarana sadhanalu jodinchabaddaayi. plato user memo-tutor aadesaalu mariyu system variables saaraamsam", avner, 1975, paejee 14 eee krindi vaatini istundih
vibhaganni nirvachinchandi, paeru = prarambha varr, prati bite kuu sankhya bits, s
 shreni, paeru (parimaanam) = prarambha varr
 shreni, paeru (sankhya varusalu, sankhya niluvu varusalu) = prarambha varr
"segmented arres", keyward coque _ 70 thoo nirvachinchabadindi, pascallo pyaak chesina arresto polchavachhu. bite parimaanam mariyu shreni muulakaalanu santakam chesinatlugaa pariganinchaalaa ledhaa santakam cheyaleda anedi puurtigaa viniyogadaaru niyantranalo unnaayi. yantram bite parimaanaaniki bite parimaanaanni amarchadam dwara, pradarsana kodnu upayoginchi amalupai 6 bits, konni taruvaata ASCII mariyu podiginchina ASCII amalulapai 8 bits amarchadam dwara ekapaksha vachana taarumaaru cheyavachu. vibhajana shrenula kosam shreni parimaanam yokka yea vivarana lekapovadam gamaninchandi.
parameter paas.
playtoo IV shakam praarambhamlo tyootarku saadhaarana paramiti passing mechanism jodinchabadindi. 1974loe sherwood rachinchina "dhi tutor longuage" yokka 4va-10va paejee eee krindi udaaharananu istundih
vyaasaartham = v1, x = v2, y = v3 nirvachinchandi
unit maarutuu untundi
sagam circuit cheyandi (100,150,300)
sagam circle cheyandi (50)
unit ardha circle (vyaasaartham, x, y)
vrutta vyaasaartham, x, y, 0,180
x-vyaasaartham geeyandi, y; x + vyaasaartham, y
kokwos _ 9 aadesaaniki vaadana jaabitaalo jabita cheyabadina adhikaarika paaraamitulu kevalam sthiramgaa ketaayinchina global variables kosam nirvachinchina paerlu anie gamaninchandi. parameter paas chese ardhashaastram gamyasthana unitku niyantrana badilee samayamlo ketayinpuku samanamga ivvabadindi, mariyu vaastava paaraamitulu tolaginchabadithe, paina perkonna rendava coque _ 2 aadesamlo vale, sambandhita adhikaarika paaraamitula yokka munupati viluvalanu marchakunda vadiliveyadam prabhavam.
sthaanika chararaasulu.
sthaanika chararaasulu 1980 loe kontakaalam tyootarku jodinchabaddaayi. sthaanika chararaasulanu upayoginchaalanukune paatha rachayitalu sthaanika chararaasula kosam upayoginche buffer parimaanaanni 128 padaala varaku prakatinchadaaniki coque 73 aadesaanni upayoginchaalsi untundi. alaa chesina taruvaata, sthaanika chararaasulanu upayoginche oka unit eee krindi vidhamgaa praarambhamavutundi ("tutor aadesaalu mariyu system chararaasula saaraamsam", avner, 1981 yokka c2 paejee nundi):
oka unit
 paeru 1, paeru 2, paeru 3 (parimaanam)
 paeru 4 = sthiraamkam
 teelutuuh paeru 5, paeru 6, paeru 7 (parimaanam)
 puurnaamkam, sankhya bits paeru 8, paeru 9
 santakam cheyabadina puurnaamkam, sankhya bits paeru 10
 puurnaamkam paeru 11
paina ivvabadina coachy _ 9 command yokka konasagimpu panktulu sthaanika paridhitho kuudina avyakta coachy _ 61 command yokka panktulugaa pariganinchabadataayi. vidyaarthi chararaasula paramgaa saampradaayika nirvachanalu ayina kokvij _ 48 nuu atuvanti sthaanika kokvij _ 61loe upayoginchavacchu, conny ikkada vivarinchina roopaalu annee svayamchaalakamgaa kokvij _ 73 command ketaayinchina memory blacklo unna sthaanaalaku paerlanu bandhistaayi. andubaatulo unna tutor documentation sthaanika chararaasulu elaa ketayinchabadatayo charchinchadu.
itara amalu.
upadhyaya-sambandhita bhashala yokka gananeeyamaina kutumbam undhi, prati okkati asalu bodhakudi bhashanu pooli untundi, conny thedaalu unnaayi. mukhyamgaa, pratyaekamaina sidisi mainframe hardwarelo nadiche vyavasthalo (plato computer aadhaarita vidya vyavastha) tutor oka bhaagam. samarthatha kosam, tutorlo konni hardware-nirdishta amsaalu undevi (udhaa.zii. 60 bitt padaalu gala chararaasulanu 60 bitt sraenulugaa ledhaa 10 aaru-bitt aksharaluga upayoginchavacchu.). alaage, vindos-oriented graphical user interfaces (zii. yuu. ii) rakamunde tutor roopondinchabadindi.
microcomputerlanu kaligi unna terminalslo paatham yokka bhaagaalanu amalu cheyadaaniki anumatinchadaaniki, mainframelo nadustunna tutor kodku connectionlatho, yuusi vadda plato prajectlo microtutor longuage abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. microtutor mandalikam kooda yuyuk vadda abhivruddhi cheyabadina cluster vyavastha yokka prograaming bhasha mariyu japaanlo tdkki licenses pondindi; cluster vyavasthalo nilva mariyu sankalanaanni andinche oka chinna computerku jodinchina terminals yokka chinna samuuham untundi. tencore longuage authering system anedi computerla kosam paal tencor abhivruddhi chesina mariyu computer teaching corporation vikrayinche tutor derivative. ct anedi carnegie mellan vadda abhivruddhi cheyabadina tutor mariyu microtutor nundi utpannam, idhi vindos, maak mariyu unix/linux vyavasthalalo windod gwi vaataavaranaalaloo maarpu lekunda prograamlanu amalu cheyadaaniki anumatinchindi.

