iberoleserta saireni

saadhaaranamgaa sirence rock balli anie piluvabade iberolasserta saireni, lockertidae kutumbaaniki chendina balli jaathi. eee jaathi madhya speyinku sthaanikamainadi mariyu prastutam global warming kaaranamgaa iucn dwara antarinchipothunna jaatigaa jabita cheyabadindi. "ii. saireni "keelaka pravartanaa lakshanaalanu pradarsinchadaaniki abhivruddhi chendindi, avi vyaktigata gurtimpu, dheenilo balli adhe jaatiki chendina maroka jeevini gurtinchagaladu, alaage thermorgulation.
vyutpatti.
iberolasserta" anae jaathi paeru, eee ballulu iberian dveepakalpamlo unna speyinku elaa sthaanikamgaa unnayo suuchistumdi.
nirdishta paeru, "saireni", swedish herpetologist gouravaartham.
vivarana.
"iberolasserta saireni" ledhaa rock balli, 8 sem. mea. (3.1 angulaalu) mukku nundi vent varaku mariyu thokatho sahaa 24 sem. mea. (9.4 angulaalu) varaku kolavagaladu. "ii. saireni "anevi magavaaru aadavaallatoe potipade jaatulu kaavacchu; atuvanti sandarbhaallo, pedda ballulu ekkuva punarutpatti vijayanni pradarsistaayi, tadwara mottam shareera parimaanaalu mariyu thala parimaanam vanti pedda poraata sambandhita nirmaanaalu erpadataayi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, aadavaru santaanam pondadaaniki baadhyata vahistaaru, phalitamgaa, clutch valume ledhaa clutch parimaanampai panichese empika ottillu pedda pottikadupu parimaanaalaku anukuulamgaa undavacchu. anduvalla, aadavaarito poliste magavaaru pedda thala parimaanaalanu pradarsistaaru, aada ballulu pottikadupu podavulo magavaalla kante ekkuvagaa untaayi.
"ii.saireni "aakupaccha under tontho godhuma ledhaa godhuma rangulo kanipinchavacchu. avi muduru godhuma rangu macchalanu kaligi untaayi, avi vaati shareera podavuku niluvugaa untaayi. itara paaschaatya iberian rock ballula nundi neeli oselli lekapovadam ledhaa daani bhujaalapai kallu laaga kanipinche gurtulu lekapovadam dwara vaatini vaeru cheyavachu.
phylogeny.
iberian rock ballulu iberolasserta jaatilo oka bhaagam, conny bahusha holocene aavasa vibhajana mariyu pleastocene himaninadam dolanala kaaranamgaa, eee ballula yokka vividha bhougolika pampinhee undhi, idhi jaatula vibhajanaku daariteestundi.
samasheetoshna sakasheruka jaatulapai nirvahinchina janyu vislaeshanha prakaram, iberolasserta jaatiki chendina aneka ballulu pleastocene kaalaaniki mundu vidipoyayani suuchistumdi, idhi bahusha eee bhougolika praantaalalo himanadeeya garishta samayamlo antarinchipoye takkuva raetla nundi adhika jaatula sthaanikatvam mariyu samruddhi vachindani suuchistumdi. vistrutamaina himanadeeya kaalamlo ballulu vaeta nundi rakshana pondadaaniki idhi bahusha aasrayam prabhavam kaaranamgaa undavacchu. iberolasserta yokka adhika jaatula goppatanaaniki sambandhinchina maroka parikalpana bahusha dakshina european dveepakalpala sanklishta sthalaakruthi, udaaharanaku asankhyaaka parvataalu, valasarajyala sanghatanala taruvaata ballulanu veruchese vibhina aavasalanu srushtinchaayani suuchistumdi.
avi laingika dviruupata gamaninchabade lockerted kutumbamlo bhaagam. laingika dviruupata perugudala anedi streela empika mariyu purushula madhya pootii mariyu sambhogam vijayam dwara prabhaavitamaina laingika empikaku aapaadinchabadindi.
iberolasserta jaatiki baga sthirapadina monophily undhi; ayithe aneka vargeekaranala yokka parinaama sambandhaalu mariyu kramabaddhamaina sthithi ippatikee aspashtamgaa unnaayi. eee jaatilo "i" thoo sahaa aneka jaatulu unnaayi. aurelio, "dhi" ii. saireni, "dhi" ii. horwati, "dhi" ii. montikola, "dhi" ii. bonnali, "dhi" ii. castiliana, "dhi" ii. contabrica ", mariyu" ii. aranica ".
janyu vislaeshanha prakaram, mitochondrial dna sequencing chettu nirmaanamloo sahaayapadutundi, dheenilo adhika bootstrop viluvalatho maddatu ichhe naalugu vibhina cladelanu gurtinchindi. naalugu vamsaalaloo modatidaanilo aranica, bonnali mariyu aurelioi unnaayi. rendava vamsamlo castilia mariyu saireni untaayi, ivi daggari sambandham kaligi untaayi. moodava vamsamlo maantikola mariyu contabrica unnaayi, mariyu nalgava vamsamlo horwati matrame undhi. rendava cled (paina perkonna bhaagamlo) moodava cladeku atyanta daggaragaa untundi, ayithe dheeniki saapekshamgaa takkuva bootstrop skoru maddatu istundi, ayithe chettu rendava mariyu nalgava cladela madhya sannihita sambandhaanni velladistundi. castaliana mariyu saireneetho kuudina vamsamu besal vamsaalaloo okatigaa untundi mariyu "i" thoo monophilatic vamsamlo bhaagam kaavacchu. montikola, "idhi" i "anie suuchistumdi. saireni "nuu oka pratyaekamaina jaatigaa ardham chesukovali.
eee vislaeshanhaloo gamaninchina janyu vaividhyam, eee vargeekarana paridhini veruchese bhougolika aavasala aadhaaramgaa, bahusha avi gatamlo padepade sambandham kaligi unnayani, lakshalaadi samvatsaraalugaa ontaritanam konasagutondani suuchistumdi. ayithe, presygotic isolation mechanisms mariyu caryological difference (postjaigotic isolation) thoo sahaa punarutpatti isolation yokka mechanisms dwara janyu isolation konasaagutundani nirdhaarinchavacchu.
iberolasserta ballula parinaamaaniki sambandhinchi atyanta asaadhaaranamaina sanghatana bhougolika vistarana yokka praathamika kaalanni suuchistumdi, taruvaata thoorpu alps, pyrinese, vaayuvya iberian parvataalu mariyu madhya iberian parvathaalalo naalugu pradhana cladelanu teesukuvacche vicchinna sanghatanalu jarugutaayi. tadupari ontaritanam sanghatanalu eee naalugu praantaalalo marinta vibhedaaniki dohadapadi undavacchu.
upajaatulu.
i" kii rendu upajaatulu unnaayi. saireni, "ivi namotypical upajaatulato sahaa chellubaatu ayyevigaa gurtinchabaddaayi.
"nota benn": kundaleekaranaalalo oka trikonamiti adhikaram upajaatulu modata "" iberolasserta "" kakunda vaerae jaatilo varninchabaddaayani suuchistumdi ".
aaharam.
ii" yokka aaharam. saireni "pradhanamgaa keetakaalu ledhaa salepurugulu vanti akasherukaalatho koodi untundi.
nivaasam.
iberolasserta jaatiki chendina ballulu paschima madhyadhara praantamlooni parvata praantaalalo nivasistaayi. mukhyamgaa, "ii. saireni "anedi speyin yokka central parvata vyavasthaku sthaanikamgaa sierra dell gwaderrama, sierra dii grados, sierra dii bezar mariyu laa serr laloe unnaayi. eee ballulu marinta tadigaa, raathi bhoobhagalalo chetla rekha sameepamlo kanipistaayi, conny samasheetoshna adavulu, samasheetoshna podalu, samasheetoshna gaddi bhoomulu mariyu thotalalo kooda kanipistaayi.
pravartana.
vyaktigata gurtimpu.
vyaktigata gurtimpu, ledhaa oke jaatiki chendina jantuvunu gurtinche saamarthyam (oka nirdishta) anedi oka mukhyamaina parinaamaatmaka anusarana, idhi oke vyaktula madhya tarachugaa kalusukunna sandarbhaallo ledhaa oke jaatiki chendina jantuvu dwara gurtinchabadutunna paristhitulalo mukhyamainadi.
ballulalo, "i" vantidi. saireni, "rasaayanaala dwara antardrushtito kuudina samachara marpidi anedi vistrutamgaa upayoginche yantraangam, endukante avi chakkati indriya nirmaanaalanu (vaati naaluka merise pravartana mariyu vaantulu-nasika avayavamtho sahaa) mariyu pratyaekamaina bahyacharma grandhulanu (toda grandhulu mariyu puurva-cloacal grandhulatho sahaa) kaligi untaayi. avi uparitalaalapai avashesha mainapu sraavaalanu kooda vadilivestaayi, aadhipatyam, vayassu, poraata saamarthyam, rangu marph mariyu signalar yokka roganirodhaka pratispandana vanti vyaktigata lakshanaala gurinchi nirdishtamgaa teliyajestaayi. eee ballulu grandhi sraavaala dwara itarula nundi tama sonta suvasananu kooda gurtinchagalavu, idhi vyaktigata gurtimpulo maroka amsam.
mangiakotti mariyu itarulu nirvahinchina prayogaala shreni nundi.maga rock ballulu toda grandhula nundi sravinche proteinlanu vaeru cheyagalavani, adhe samayamlo vaari swantha proteinlanu itara maga conspecifix nundi kooda vivaksha chuupagalavani, idhi taragati sthaayi vyaktigata gurtimpunu (samuuha sabhyula gurtimpu) anumatistundi. edemaina, eee ballulu vaati protein sankethaala aadhaaramgaa matrame teliyani magavaarini vaeru cheyalevu, idhi svayamchaalaka, protein aadhaarita nijamaina vyaktigata gurtimpu (nirdishtata yokka pratyeka gurtimpu) lekapovadam suuchistumdi. "ii. saireni "chemoraceptionku balamaina optitude kaligi untundi, idhi proteins vanti bhaarii anuvulaku vomeronasal orgaon yokka sensitivity kaaranamgaa saadhyamavutundi; inca, proteins samruddhiga unna toda grandhi sraavaalu kooda taggina jaapyam mariyu naaluka yokka ekkuva flickingnu velikiteestaayi. maga raathi ballulu nirdishta rasayana sankethaalanu proses cheyagaliginappatiki, avi prati vyakti yokka pratyeka lakshanaala prakaram atuvanti samaachaaraaniki vaari swantha pratispandanalanu andinchavu. bahusha lipidlalo (proteinlatho kalipi) kanipinche rasayana sankethaalu nijamaina vyaktigata gurtimpunu pondadaaniki taginanta sanklishtamaina sanketaanni srushtinchagalavu, ayithe idhi antha vistrutamgaa teliyadu. adanamgaa, eee ballulalo rasayana sankethaalu praadaesika rakshanaku aadharam kaavacchu.
thermoragulation.
ushnogratanu niyantrinchadam anedi "i" vanti ballulanu anumatinche oka mukhyamaina paryaavarana bhouthika shaastra anusarana. saireni "ushnograta hecchutaggulaku guraina vaataavaranamloo (vaataavarana maarpu kaaranamgaa) mariyu ushna parimitulanu vidhinche bhougolika praantamloo (i.ii. parvata praantaalu). iberolasserta jaatilooni aneka ballulu plystocene shakam yokka himanadeeya garishta kaalam nundi vivikta aavasalalo nirvahinchabade challani vaataavaranaalaku anugunamgaa marai. itara sareesrupaalalo, saraina shareera ushnograta undadu, conny pravartanaa mariyu saareeraka vidhulanu optimize chese irukaina paridhi untundi. rock ballulaku marinta nirdishtamgaa, vaati shareera ushnograta kendra ushnogratanu ishtapadatam kante saapekshamgaa vistruta shreni ayina eguva mariyu diguva parimiti madhya oogisalaadutundi. jaatula lopala kooda, ushnograta dolanalu vyaktigata shareera parimaanaalanu batti maarutuu untaayi, antey chinna ballulu vistruta shareera ushnograta paridhini kaligi untaayi mariyu pedda ballula kante vaegamgaa vaedi chese retlanu kaligi untaayi, idhi vaedi perugudala mariyu nashtam shareera parimaanamtho pratikuulamgaa sambandham kaligi untaayi anae bhavanaku saripotundi. chinna ballulu vaati shareera ushnogratalu pedda ballula maadirigaane undela chuudataaniki chinna, tarachugaa basking pulls kaligi untaayani idhi suuchistumdi.
agwado andinchina dayta prakaram, rock ballulu takkuva ushna naanhyata gala aavasalalo nivasinche kriyaaseela thermorgulatorlu; vaati thermorgulatory khachitatvam kooda parimitam, bahusha rojanta paryaavarana ushnograta gananeeyamgaa hecchutaggulaku lonavutundi. "ii. saireni "itara rojuvaaree heliothermic ballula maadirigaane untaayi, avi roeju madhyalo bimodal kaaryaacharana namuunaanu pradarsistaayi. chaalaa ballulu podalu ledhaa raathi pagullalo aasrayam pondutaayi, ikkada adhika paryaavarana ushnogratalu vaari shareera ushnogratanu vaanchaneeya sthaayiki daggaragaa unchadaaniki veelu kalpistaayi, adhe samayamlo avi vaeta pramaadaanni tappinchukovadaaniki veelu kalpistaayi. aasaktikaramgaa, rock ballulu sahajamgaa saapekshamgaa takkuva ishtapade ushnogratanu kaligi unnappatikee, vesavilo vaati shareera ushnograta konnisaarlu eee ishtapade ushnograta kante takkuvagaa untundi, idhi jalubuku anugunamgaa unde aneka itara jaatulalo saadhaaranam. ituvanti ushna praadhaanyatalu iberolasserta cladelo samrakshinchabadinatlu kanipistaayi, bahusha challani pleastocene yugamlo parvata praantaalaku mariyu vaati vicchinnamaina, vivikta aavaasaalaku avi anugunamgaa undatam phalitamgaa undavacchu.
"ii. suuryuniki sambandhinchi vividha shareera dhoranulu, bhangima maarpulu, rojuvaaree kaaryaacharana namoonaalalo maarpulu mariyu microcytela empika dwara chuusinatlugaa, paryaavarana ushnogrataku anugunamgaa vaari pravartananu sardubaatu cheyadaaniki saireni savaristundi. vecchani, marinta ananukuulamaina paryaavarana ushnogratalalo, eee ballulu itara karyakalapalapai thermoragulationku ekkuva samayam mariyu saktini ketayinchali, tadwara vaati vaeta pramaadaanni penchutaayi. phalitamgaa, eee challani-sweekarinchina ballulu thermoragulationlo khachitatvam gurinchi jagrattagaa undaali, endukante avi takshana mariyu teevramaina fitness parinaamaalanu kaligistaayi. antipredator pravartana mariyu basking madhya maarpidini aadharalu suuchistunnaayi, endukante eee ballulu saranaalayaala lopala vaedini vaegamgaa kolpovachhu. thermorgulation adhika kharchulanu kaligi unnappatikee, idhi ippatikee "i" kii prayojanakaramgaa untundi. challani paryaavarana ushnogratalalo thermoconformityki viruddhamgaa saireni.
dhwani utpatti.
dhwani jantuvulanu antipredator pratispandanalu, sahacharula empika ledhaa dookudu pravartanalu vanti aneka saamaajika paraspara charyalalo bhinnamaina nirdishtata mariyu nirdishtatatoe communicate cheyadaaniki anumatistundi, sareesrupaalalo dhwani communicationlo adhi poeshinchae paatra takkuvagaa ardham avutundi. ii. saireni, mukhyamgaa, rasayana mariyu drushya samachara marpidi vanti itara indriya paddhatulalo nimagnamai unnatlu telisindi, ayithe eee ballulu utpatti chese swaraalu kooda samacharanni teliyajeyavacchani iteevali aadharalu suuchistunnaayi. lockerted kutumbamlo, dhwani utpatti anedi lockertine upakutumbam nundi galotine upakutumbamnu varninche pravartanaa lakshanaalalo okatigaa migilipoyindi. saampradayakamgaa, gillitine intra-mariyu inter-specific encounterlalo sabdaalanu utpatti chestundi, ayithe eee lakshanam lacartinalo arudu; ayithe, i. swaraalanu utpatti cheyadaaniki lassertinaloni chaaritraatmakamgaa konni jaatulalo okadaanni saireni suuchimchavachchu.
ii. saireni aadavaru tama sariiraanni rendu pradhana dasallo kadilinchadam dwara dhwanini vidudala chestaarani nivedinchabadindi. modati kadalikalo vaari noru terichi unnappudu vaari oopiritittula vegavantamaina thoracic kudimpula dwara gaalini akasmaattugaa bayataku pampadam untundi. dheeni taruvaata vaari talalanu bhoomiki saraina konamlo paiki venukaku kadilinchi, vaari vakshojaanni sadalinchi, noru moosukuntaaru. eee dhwanini moodu nundi edu-swaraala poraataalalo vidudalayye chinna nasika arupulugaa vargeekarinchavachhu, dheenilo prati arupulu sagatuna 122 milliseconlu untaayi mariyu sagatuna prati 6 sekanlaku punaraavrutamavutaayi. dhwani swaram praarambhamlo ekkuva saktini kaligi untundi, aapai kramamga udgaarampai taggutundi. dhwani utpatti madhya viramalu vaastava dhwani vyavadhi kante ekkuva, dheenilo ballulu maroka dhwanini vidudala chese mundu sthaanaanni maarustaayi. i loe dhwani utpatti yokka yantraangam. saireni dhwani yokka dhwani lakshanaalatoo paatu itara ballulanu pooli untundi.
eee ballulalo dhwani karyakalapala yokka kriyaatmaka auchityam chaalaa varaku teliyadu, conny vividha sandarbhaallo daani pravartananu pariseelinchadam dwara dheenini velladinchavacchu. vaati swaraalu sambhaavya predatorku darsakatvam vahinche communication sankethaalaku anugunamgaa undavacchu, endukante vaati varnapata mariyu taatkaalika nirmaanam distress calls mariyu janthu alaramlalo vividha rakaala dhwani namuunaalatoe samanamga untundi.
punarutpatti.
samyogam.
ballulalo, maga sambhogam vijayam thala parimaanam, shareera parimaanam, laingika rangu, bhuubhaagam mariyu pravartanaa lakshanaalatoo sahaa aneka samalakshana paraspara sambandhaala dwara nirnayinchabadutundi (i.ii. dookudu, kaaryaacharana). i" yokka samyoga vyavastha. saireni "bahubharyaatvamgaa vargeekarinchabadindi, dheenilo maga mariyu aada iddarikee bahula sambhoga bhaagaswaamulu untaaru. idhi bahula sairdu baari yokka adhika frequency dwara pradarsinchabadutundi, ikkada chaalaa mandhi aada ballula santaanam yokka sambhogam mariyu sairing loe itarula kante kontamandi magavaaru ekkuva vijayavantamavutaaru. idhi purushulu mariyu streelaku prayojanakaramgaa untundi, dheenilo purushulu vaari punarutpatti vijayanni penchavacchu, ayithe streelu vaari clutch parimaanaalanu penchavacchu mariyu podupu vijayanni pondavacchu. atuvanti samyoga vyavasthaku aneka paryaavarana karakalu kaaranamani cheppavacchu, veetilo chinna santanotpatti rutuvulu, vistrutamaina gruha shreni ativyaapti mariyu adhika sthaanika janabha saandratalu unnaayi. bahubhaaryaatva sambhogam itara samyoga vyuuhaalu janabhalo konasaagadaaniki veelu kalpistundi, endukante sahacharulu tatkalikamga untaaru mariyu pedda magavaaru streelapai aadhipatyam chelaayincharu ledhaa hakku saadhincharu.
adanamgaa, eee rock ballulu sahacharudi empikalo oka paatranu pradarsistaayi, endukante aada mariyu vaari santaanam madhya sagatu dhooram sameepa magavaariki unna dhooram kante gananeeyamgaa ekkuvagaa untundi. vaastavaaniki, aadavaru ellappuduu tamaku atyanta sannihitamaina magavaaritho sahajeevanam cheyaru, aadavaru taamu nivasinche chotuku dhooramgaa sahacharulanu enchukovachhu anie suuchistumdi. takkuva sthaayi podupu chedaragottadam sambhavinchinatlayithe idhi parinaamatmakamgaa anukuulamainadi kaavacchu, ayithe sambandham laeni magavaaritho sambhogam cheyadam valana santanotpattini nivaarinchavacchu.
punarutpatti vijayam.
aadhipatyam mariyu adhika naanhyatanu soochinche kaaryaacharana sthaayilatho sahaa nirdishta purusha lakshanaalu, purusha punarutpatti vijayamlo adhika vyatyaasaanni kooda vivaristaayi. santanotpatti kaalam velupala, maga "i. saireni "kaaryaacharana saadhaaranamgaa takkuvagaa untundi, endukante idhi vaeta pramaadaanni taggistundi mariyu bhavishyattulo ekkuva punarutpatti vijayanni nirdhaaristundi. ayithe, santanotpatti kaalamlo, maga karyakalapalu ekkuvagaa untaayi, endukante idhi ativyaapti chendutunna inti shrenulu mariyu maga pootiidaarula dwara aadavaariki vaari praapyatanu penchadam dwara vaari punarutpatti vijayaniki anukuulamgaa untundi. magavaari saareeraka lakshanaala paramgaa, podavaina thoka podavulu aada ballulu tama aasrayam daggaragaa unde dooraalalo adagala saamarthyaanni suuchistaayi, tadwara avi vetaku gurayye avakaasam takkuvagaa untundi. thoka podavu anedi maga "i" yokka balamaina predictor. saireni yokka "punarutpatti vijayam.
parirakshana sthithi.
"ii. saireni "antarinchipothunna ballula jaathi, mariyu vaati aavaasaalaku mariyu manugadaku atipedda bedirimpulalo okati prapancha vaataavarana maarpula phalitam. vaataavarana maarpula kaaranamgaa prapancha ushnogratalu perugutunnaayi, idhi parvata jaatula vanti challani vaataavaranaalaku anugunamgaa unde jaatulaku hanikaram. vecchani ushnogratalu rock ballula podupu vijayaniki aatamkam kaliginchavacchu ledhaa athi vedekkakunda gadipina vaati kaaryaacharana samayanni parimitam cheyavachu. antekakunda, global warming itara jaatulanu prabhaavitam cheyadam dwara eee ballulanu parokshamgaa prabhaavitam chestundi, tadwara samuchita vibajananu maarchutundi, antarinchipoye pramaadaanni penchutundi ledhaa vecchani ushnogratalaku marinta anugunamgaa unde jaatula dwara pootii sthaanabhramsamnu prothsahistundi.
mukhyamgaa roadlu mariyu skii resortla nirmaanam kaaranamgaa maanava abhivruddhi valla vaari aavasalu kooda pramaadamloo unnaayi.
"ii. saireni rendu nirdishta praantaalalo rakshinchabadindih sierra dell gwaderrama sahaja udyaanavanam mariyu sierra dii grados sahaja udyaanavanam. eee rendu pradaesaalu eee bedirimpu ballulu punarutpattini konasaaginchadaaniki mariyu janabha parimaanaanni penchadaaniki anumatistaayi.

