
madagaskar aardhika vyavastha

2020 natiki sthuula desheeya utpatti dwara madagaskar aardhika vyavastha billion dollarlu, idhi market aardhika vyavastha mariyu vyavasaya parisrama mariyu abhivruddhi chendutunna paryatakam, vastra mariyu ganula ganula parisramala maddatu kaligi undhi. malagacy vyavasayam vari, kasava vanti ushnamandala pradhana pantalatho paatu vanilla, coffey vanti vaanijya pantalanu utpatti chestundi.
konni praantaalalo, mukhyamgaa united states mariyu european unionlalo customs protocol nundi malagacy egumatulu. eee minahaayimpulu malagasy vastra parisrama vruddhiki thodpaddaayi. sahaja vanarulu mariyu abhivruddhi chendutunna parisramalu unnappatikee, 2009 malagasi raajakeeya sankshobham-antarjaateeya samajam chattaviruddhamaina tirugubaatugaa pariganinchindi-madagaskarlo videshee pettubadulanu addukundi mariyu malagasi aardhika vyavastha ksheeninchadaaniki kaaranamaindi. 2014 praarambhamlo ennikalu tirigi praarambhamaina taruvaata videshee pettubadulu tirigi prarambhamayyayi. aikyaraajyasamiti prakaram madagaskar athi takkuva abhivruddhi chendina desham.
charitra.
samvatsaraalugaa, varusa french valasa mariyu swaatantrya yugapu prabhutvaalu madagaskar aardhika vyavasthanu aadhuneekarinchadaaniki prayatninchaayi. modati aadhunika bhuu viniyoga prajectulanu pantommidava mariyu iravayyava sataabdaalaloo french setilarlu ledhaa maskareen deevula nundi creol valasadaarulu sthaapinchaaru. vaaru egumati kosam coffey, cheraku, vanilla, lavamgaalu, sisal vanti vaanijya pantalanu pravesapettaaru. vaaru dveepam yokka graphite, chromite mariyu euranium vanarulanu dopidi cheyadaaniki chinna taraha ganulanu kooda nirminchaaru. eee vastuvula prosessing mariyu marketingnu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki, valasadaarulu aneka aardhika mariyu vaanijya samsthalanu sthaapinchaaru mariyu oka chinna, aadhunika railroad vyavasthanu nirminchaaru. aaa taruvaata vaaru aardhika vyavasthalooni eee aadhunika rangamloki kontha malagaseeni teesukuvacchaaru, videshee yaajamaanyamloni thotalalo vaetana kuuliilugaa mariyu panchukotlugaa ledhaa poura seva ledhaa vyapara samsthalalo diguva sthaayi udyogulugaa. ayithe, videshee yajamaanulu mariyu nirvaahakulu eee karyakalapala nundi daadaapu anni prayojanaalanu nilupukunnaru.
swaatantryam taruvaata siranana paalana aardhika vyavastha yokka aadhunika rangampai french aadhipatyaanni maarchadaaniki peddagaa prayatninchaledu, eee nirantara aardhika aadhaarapadatampai agraham periginappatikee. eee kopam, dveepamlooni dakshina mariyu paschima praantaalanu saapeksha pedarikamlo padesina sampada asamaana pampineepai perugutunna aandolanato paatu, 1972loe siranana tolagimpuku mariyu aardhika vidhaanamlo maarpuku kaaranamaindi. ramanantsova netrutvamloni kotta sainika paalana fransto chaalaa sambandhaalanu tenchukundi mariyu aardhika vyavasthanu durbharamgaa marchadam praarambhinchindi. ayithe, eee lakshyam vaipu nemmadigaa purogati, 1975 madhyalo ramanantsova paalana mugimpuku vegavantam cheyadaaniki sahaayapadindi. aaa samvatsaram taruvaata adhyaksha padaviki ratsiraka peragadamtho matrame gatamlo french aadhipatyam kaligina samsthalanu swaadheenam chesukovadam utsaahamgaa praarambhamaindi.
ratsiraka yokka "paie nundi viplavam" vidhanam videshee samsthalanu japthu cheyadam ledhaa konugolu cheyadam mariyu vaatini malagasy yaajamaanyaaniki marchadam daatindi; athanu pradhana samsthalanu jaateeyam cheyadam dwara aardhika vyavasthanu saanghikeekarinchaalani uddesinchaadu. daadaapu anni pedda aardhika, ravana, marketing, maining mariyu tayari samsthalalo rashtram majority ledhaa minority yajamanyanni pondindi. private niyantranalo unna samsthalu prabhutva niyantrita dharalaku konugolu mariyu vikrayinchaalsina avasaram undedi, mariyu laabhaala tirigi pampadaanni rashtram nisitamgaa paryaveekshinchindi. graameena rangamlo, ratsiraka sthaanika vyavasaya sahakaara sanghaalanu sthaapinchadame lakshyamgaa pettukundi. andarikee vastuvulu mariyu sevala labhyatanu meruguparachadaaniki aardhika vyavasthalooni anni rangaalalo prabhutva muuladhana pettubadi sthaayini natakeeyamgaa penchaalani, 1978-80 kaalaaniki sambandhinchina aardhika pranaalikaloo prakatinchina eee samsthaagata samskarana daadaapu anthe mukhyamainadi.
ayithe, 1980la prarambham natiki, aacharaneeyamaina saamyavaada samsthalanu roopondinchadaaniki, perigina pettubadula dwara aardhika vyavasthanu uttejaparichenduku ratsiraka chesina prayatnam aardhika utpattini, sankshemaanni meruguparachadamlo viphalamaindi. 1970la antataa aardhika vruddhi perugutunna janaabhaaku anugunamgaa saagaledu. gananeeyamaina vyavasaya mariyu khanija vanarula labhyata unnappatikee, dasaabdam praarambhamlo sagatu talasari aadaayam ippatike prapanchamlone atyalpamgaa unna aardhika vyavastha kante aardhika vyavastha takkuva utpaadakata kaligi undhi. 1978-80 kaalamlo anni kaalaala garishta sthaayiki cherukunna pettubadi sthaayi yokka ekaika spashtamaina prabhavam, videshee runadaatalaku deshaanni lothugaa runamlo pettadam, anduvalla, 1980luu mariyu 1990la praarambhamlo IMF mariyu prapancha byaankutoe santakam chesina nirmaanaatmaka sardubaatu oppandaala shreniki maargam sugamam cheyadam. ituvanti oppandaalu avasaram endukante 1993 prapancha byaanku adhyayanam suuchimchinatlugaa, 1971 mariyu 1991 madhya malagasy talasari aadaayam 40 saatam padipoyindi.
chivariki aardhika kendrikarana mariyu rashtra niyantrana yokka saamyavaada namuunaanu sweekarinchadam porapaatu anie angeekarinchina 1980loe ratsiraka paalana, 1993loe praarambhamaina taruvaata jaafee paalana hrudayapuurvakamgaa sweekarinchina marinta praamaanikamaina udaaravaada aardhika namuunaaku tirigi ravadam praarambhinchindi. 1980 taruvaata ratsiraka mariyu jaafee paalanalu parastatals yokka praivaeteekarana, vyavasaya marketing bordula raddu, videshee pettubadulaku anukuulamgaa marinta udaara pettubadi sankethaalanu dhruveekarinchadam, banking parisrama yokka praivaeteekarana, saampradaaya, praathamika-utpatti egumatula vaividhyam mariyu aahara utpattilo ekkuva pettubadini paryaveekshinchaayi. jaafee paalana malagasy aardhika vyavastha punaruddharanaku modati praadhaanyata ichindi.
1994 natiki, malagasilalo ekkuva mandhi tama puurveekula nundi praathamikamgaa maarani margallo tama jeevanopaadhini sampaadinchadam konasaaginchaaru-saampradaaya neetipaarudala vari saguku maddatu ichhe chinna taraha polaalu, kasava mariyu itara aaharaala podi bhoomi vyavasayam, jeebu pasuvula pempakam ledhaa nagadu pantala pempakam.
vyavasayam.
2018loe madagaskar utpatti chesindi
coffey (57 vaela tannulu), lavamgaalu (23 vaela tannulu), coco (11 vaela tannulu), jeedipappu (7 vaela tannulu) mariyu vanilla (3 vaela tannulu) vanti itara vyavasaya utpattula chinna utpattulato paatu.
chepalu pattadam mariyu ataveesaastramtho sahaa vyavasayam, madagaskar yokka atipedda parisrama mariyu daani sraamika saktilo 82 saatam mandiki upaadhi kalpistundi. madagaskar yokka vaividhyamaina vaataavaranam, tiiraala vembadi ushnamandala nundi, ettaina praantaalalo mitamaina mariyu dakshinaana shushka vaataavaranam, vari, kasava, beans mariyu aratipandlu vanti ushnamandala pantala saguku veelu kalpistundi. 2011loe vyavasaya utpattulu-mukhyamgaa lavamgaalu, vanilla, coco, chakkera, miriyalu mariyu coffey-viluva paramgaa madagaskar yokka modati pannendu egumatulaku kaaranamayyaayi. madagaskar prapanchamlone atipedda vanilla pantanu utpatti chestundi mariyu prapancha vanilla marketlo malagacy vanilla 80-85% vataa kaligi undhi.
chepalu pattadam.
matsya parisramalo 66 paarisraamika matsyakaara noukalu unnaayi. fishing licensula rusumu mariyu pannulu 2023 natiki 3,6 billion arreary (US $80 million) gaa anchanaa veyabaddaayi.
vastraalu.
antananarivo mariyu antsirabe chuttoo unna madagaskars egumati prosessing jonela nundi egumatulu, vastra egumatulalo ekkuva bhaagam unnaayi mariyu african groth und opportunity act (vika) kinda united stateslo mariyu european unionlo aayudhaala (eba) oppandam kinda customs parimitula nundi ekkuvagaa minahayinchabaddayi. 
maining.
aardhika vyavasthalo oka chinna conny abhivruddhi chendutunna bhaagam ilmenite ganula tavvakam meeda aadharapadi undhi, iteevali samvatsaraalalo pettubadulu udbhavinchaayi, mukhyamgaa tuliyar mariyu fort doffin sameepamlo. maining corporation reo tinto group aneka samvatsaraala tayari taruvaata 2009 janavarilo thana fort doffin mandena ganilo utpattini praarambhinchindi. maining project chaalaa vivadaspadamga undhi, bhoomi yokka snehitulu mariyu itara paryaavarana samsthalu paryaavaranam mariyu sthaanika samajalapai gani prabhavam gurinchi vaari aandolanalanu vivarinchadaaniki nivedikalanu daakhalu chestaayi. ratnaala tavvakam kooda madagaskar aardhika vyavasthalo oka mukhyamaina bhaagam.
ganula tavvakam, chamuru, gyaas rangaalalo aneka pradhana prajectulu jarugutunnaayi, avi vijayavantamaite gananeeyamaina prothsaahaanni istayi. ganula tavvakam rangamlo, veetilo sakova vadda boggu mariyu tamatave sameepamlo nickel abhivruddhi unnaayi. ambatovi gani (nickel & cobalt-sherit international 40 saatam, sumitomo 27.5%, korea vanarulu 27.5%, snc-lavalin 5 saatam) oka bhaarii operation mariyu ippati varaku maaku $4.76 millionlu kharchu ayyindi mariyu 2011 loe utpatti praarambhinchavalasi undhi. chamurulo, madagaskar chamuru simiroro vadda bhaarii theera bhaarii chamuru kshetraanni mariyu bemolamgaa vadda ultra heavy ayil kshetraanni abhivruddhi chestondi.
pettubadi vaataavaranam.
2002 raajakeeya sankshobham taruvaata, prabhutvam antarjaateeya aardhika samsthalu mariyu daatalatoe samanvayamtho kotta marganni nirdesinchadaaniki mariyu vishwaasaanni pempondinchadaaniki prayatninchindi. madagaskar private rangam mariyu daatala sahakaaramtho punaruddharana pranaalikanu abhivruddhi chesi, juulai 2002loe paarislo prapancha byaanku nirvahinchina "friends off madagaskar" samavesamlo samarpinchindi. daata deshaalu aidellalo $1 billionla sahayanni vaagdaanam cheyadam dwara kotta prabhutvampai tama vishwaasaanni pradarsinchaayi. malagasi prabhutvam rahadari moulika sadupaayaalanu thana pradhana pradhaanyatagaa gurtinchindi mariyu ummadi prabhutva-private ranga steering kamiteeni erpaatu cheyadam dwara prabhutva-private bhaagaswaamyaaniki thana nibaddhatanu nokki cheppindi.
dhi madagaskar-yuu.ess. 2002loe united states agency pharr international development (usaid) mariyu madagaskarloni malagassian kalaakaarula nirmaatala madhya sahakaaramtho business council erpadindi.ess.-2003 maeloe united stateslo madagaskar business council erpadindi, mariyu rendu samsthalu rendu samuuhaala prayojanam kosam pani chese maargaalanu anveshistune unnaayi.
maajee adhyakshudu maark ravalomanana prabhutvam videshee pettubadulanu dookudugaa koorutuu, avineetini edurkovadam, bhuu-yajamanya chattalanu samskarinchadam, american mariyu european vyapara paddhatula adhyayananni prothsahinchadam mariyu videshee pettubadidaarula churukaina anveshanhatho sahaa atuvanti pettubadulaku aneka addamkulanu parishkarinchaalani yochinchindi. adhyakshudu ravalomanana thana agro-foods tiko company dwara praamukhyatanu santarinchukunnadu, mariyu vyapara prapanchamlo neerchukunna aneka paataalanu prabhutvaanni nadapadaniki upayoginchadaaniki prayatninchinanduku prasiddhi chendaadu. ravalomananudi raajeenaamaanu mundu, athani vidhanalu mariyu athani samsthala karyakalapala madhya prayojanaala sangharshana gurinchi aandolanalu talettaayi. vaatilo atyanta mukhyamainadi 2004 chivarilo desamlo utpatti korataku pratispandistuu prabhutvam praarambhinchina vari digumatulaku praadhaanyata chikitsa.
pettubadidaarulaku madagaskar yokka vignapti daani pootii, sikshana pondina sraamika shakti nundi vachindi. 1989loe sthaapinchabadinappati nundi 200 mandiki paiga pettubadidaarulu, mukhyamgaa vastra tayaareedaarulu, dhesha egumati prosessing john (epiged) vyavastha kinda nirvahinchabaddaaru. loam convention kinda european marketku vastra digumatulapai kotaa parimitulu lekapovadam eee vruddhini prerepinchadaaniki sahaayapadindi.
1992-97 loe utpatti perugudala sagatuna janabha vruddhi raetu kante takkuvagaa undhi. prapancha coffey demand taggadam, aardhika samskaranalaku prabhutvam yokka asthira nibaddhata valla vruddhi taggindi.
1997 nundi 2001 varaku balamaina vruddhi kaalamlo, mukhyamgaa graameena praantaallo pedarikam sthaayilu mondi pattudalagaa ekkuvagaa unnaayi. 2001 decemberulo jarigina adhyaksha ennikala phalitampai vivaadam kaaranamgaa erpadina aaru nelala raajakeeya sankshobham 2002 modati ardhabhaagamlo desamloni chaalaa praantaallo aardhika karyakalapalanu nilipivesindi. 2002loe nijamaina jidipilu 12.7% padipoyayi, videshee pettubadula pravahalu gananeeyamgaa padipoyayi, mariyu sankshobham oka asaadhaaranamaina mariyu pettubadulaku manchi pradaesamgaa madagaskar yokka vardhamana khyaatini debbateesindi. sankshobham taruvaata, 2003loe zii. dii. pii. vruddhitho aardhika vyavastha punjukundi. 2004loe currency tarugudala, perugutunna dravyolbanam aardhika paniteerunu debbateesaayi, ayithe samvatsaram vruddhi 5.3 saataaniki cherukundi, dravyolbanam samvatsaram chivarilo 25 saataaniki cherukundi. 2005loe "toxes director" (central byaank raetu) nuu 16 saataaniki penchadam, byaankulaku nilva avasaralanu kathinataram cheyadam vanti kathinamaina dravya vidhanam dwara dravyolbanaanni adupulo unchaaru. anduvalla 2005loe vruddhi raetu 6.5 saataaniki cherukuntundani anchanaa veyabadindi.
ravalomanana adhyakshatana, prabhutvam vaanijya companyla chattam (2003), kaarmika chattam (2003), vaanijya companyla chattam (2004), praja sekarana chattam (2004), pootii chattam (2005), videshee maaraka chattam (2006), pettubadi chattam (2007), mariyu uchita mandalaalu mariyu uchita samsthala chattam (2007) thoo sahaa vyapara chattalu mariyu nibandhanala shrenini sweekarinchindi.
aahara bhadrata, durbalatvam mariyu pramaada nirvahana.
samruddhiga mariyu vaividhyamaina sahaja vanarula sampada unnappatikee, madagaskar prapanchamlooni atyanta paedha deshaalalo okati. pradhanamgaa vividha rakaala matti rakalu mariyu vaataavarana vaividhyam kaaranamgaa madagaskar vyavasaya abhivruddhiki goppa saamarthyaanni kaligi undhi. ayinappatikee, sahaja pramaadaalu (tuphaanulu, karuvu, midatala dandayaatralu), paatha taraha vyavasaya paddhatulu kalipi utpattini parimitam chestaayi.
gatha 25 samvatsaraalugaa malagasy janabha jeevana pramaanaalu natakeeyamgaa taggutunnaayi. desham 1960laloe vyavasaya utpattula nikara egumatidaarugaa nundi 1971 nundi nikara digumatidaarugaa maarindi. anuchitamaina saampradaaya vyavasaya paddhatulu mattini ksheenimpajestaayi mariyu matti naanhyata ksheenistaayi, mariyu madagaskar prajala manugadaku aadharam teevramaina muppulo undhi.
shakti.
2018 natiki, madagaskar janabhalo kevalam 15 saatam mandiki matrame vidyut andubaatulo undhi.
paedarikaanni tagginchadam.
2000loe, madagaskar bhaarii runagrastulaina paedha deshaala (hetch. ii. pii. sii) chorava kinda pedarika taggimpu vyuha patram (pii. aarr. ess. pii) tayaareeni praarambhinchindi. hetch. pii. sii. chorava kinda desham arhata kaligi undani ii. emm. eff mariyu prapancha byaanku bordulu 2000 decemberlo angeekarinchaayi, mariyu madagaskar runa upasamanam kosam nirnayaatmaka sthaayiki cherukundi. 2001 marchi 1naa, pedarika taggimpu mariyu vruddhi soukaryam (prgr) kinda imf boardu deshaaniki 103 million dollarlu manjuru chesindi. aarogyam, vidya, graameena rahadaarulu, neeru mariyu samaajaalaku pratyaksha maddatu andinchadaaniki vanarulu uddesinchabaddaayi. adanamgaa, marchi 7,2001naa, paris club $161 millionla runa raddunu aamodinchindi. fibravari 28,2001naa, african development byaank (ADB) HPC kinda $71.46 millionla runa raddunu aamodinchindi mariyu juun 2001loe sahayalu mariyu paedarikaaniki vyatiraekamgaa pooraadataaniki $20 millionla adanapu runaanni manjuru chesindi.
paakshikamgaa eee runaala phalitamgaa conny munupati samskaranala phalitamgaa kooda, sagatu gdp vruddhi 1997 (3.5 saatam), 1998 (3.9 saatam), 1999 (4.7 saatam) mariyu 2000 (4.8 saatam) loe 2.8 saatam janabha vruddhi retunu adhigaminchindi.
october 2004loe, merugaina hipsy chorava kinda madagaskar puurti sthaayiki cherukundani imf mariyu prapancha byaanku bordulu nirnayinchaayi.
vaastavaalu mariyu ganaamkaalu.
eee krindi pattika 1980-2017 loe pradhana aardhika suuchikalanu chooputundi. 2006loe, prabhutva runamlo ekkuva bhaganni madagaskar vidudala chesindi.
saatam vataa dwara gruha aadaayam ledhaa viniyogam
<br> "atyalpa 10 saatamha"
2.3 saatam
<br> "atyadhika 10 saatamha"
34.9 saatam (1993)
paarisraamika utpatti vruddhi retuh
5 saatam (1999 anchanaa.)
vidyut-utpattih
1.35 billion kilowatts (2009 anchanaa.)
vidyut-muulam dwara utpattih
<br> "shilaja indhanam"
69.5 saatam
<br> "hydro"
30.5 saatam
<br> "nuclear"
0 saatam
<br> "itarah"
0 saatam (2009)
vidyut-viniyogam
1.256 billion kilowatts (2009 anchanaa.)
vidyut-egumatulu
0 kwh (2010)
vidyut-digumatulu
0 kwh (2010)
marakam ratelu
malagasy arreary (mga) purr us dollar -
2, 295 (2012 anchanaa.)
2, 025.1 (2011 anchanaa.)
2, 090 (2010 anchanaa.)
1, 956.2 (2009)
1, 654.78 (2008)
bahya linkulu.
protty line krinda unna janabha 50 saatam

