
jupiter aes

jupiter contab rachinchina jupiter aes anedi 1980la praarambhamlo british home computer. aes aaa kaalamlooni itara microcomputerla nundi bhinnamgaa undedi, daani prograaming vaataavaranam marinta prajaadarana pondina besikku badulugaa upayoginchabadindi.
jupiter contab trading nilipivesina taruvaata, eee brandnu 1984loe boldfield computing limited konugolu chesindi, chivariki 2015loe paal andrus company andrews yuke limitedku vikrayinchabadindi.
charitra.
jupiter kaantaabnu richard altwasser mariyu steven wickers roopondinchaaru. 
iddaroo Zx spectrum kosam design brundamlo unnaru altwasser Zx-81 abhivruddhipai mariyu spectrum yokka hardware roopakalpanalo kontha pani chesaaru. wickers 4k zx-80 romnu 8k zx-81 romku sweekarinchi, vistarinchaaru mariyu spectrum kosam chaalaa varaku romnu raasaaru.
jupiter aes kuu prarambha british computer ayina pilate aes paeru pettaru.
saadhaarana prajalaku ammakalu nemmadigaa jarigaayi. praarambhamlo computer mail arder dwara matrame andubaatulo undedi, mariyu jupiter contab utpatti ibbandulu unnayani nivedinchindi, conny ivi janavari 1983 natiki adhigaminchabaddaayi mariyu unitlu dukaanaalaku cherukuntunnayi. praathamika empika kante mundu vadakam, mariyu Zx spectrum yokka labhyata mariyu vijayam, alaage parimita prachurita software, paelavamaina kesu mariyu chinna prarambha memory annee vistruta market angeekaaraaniki vyatiraekamgaa baruvugaa unnaayi.
ammakalu.
yantram yokka ammakalu ennadoo peddagaa laevu; jupiter contab vyaparam kosam muusivaeyabadataaniki mundu vikrayinchabadina aes la sankhya 5,000 gaa nivedinchabadindi. 2000 la praarambhamlo, manugadalo unna yantraalu asaadhaaranamainavi, tarachugaa collector vastuvulugaa adhika dharalanu pondutaayi.
nirmanatmakamga mariyu saktivantamgaa unnappatikee, neerchukoevadam kashtamgaa pariganinchabadindi, mariyu itara inti computerlatho parichayam nundi pondina praathamika ghnaanam daanini neerchukoevadamloo aacharanatmakamgaa sahayapadaledu. 1982loe chesina sameeksha prakaram "jupiter aes vijayam yantram konugolu chese prajalu maroka microcomputer bhashanu angeekarinchadampai aadharapadi untundi."
inca, yantram kosam prachurinchabadina software yokka chaalaa parimita shreni matrame undhi-vaanijya karyakramalu ledhaa abhiruchi patrikalalo mudrinchina type-inn prograamlu-mariyu ivi bays modal yokka chinna mottamlo raam dwara parimitam cheyabaddaayi.
vidya marketlo naipunyaanni prothsahinche prayatnaalu kooda viphalamayyayi; pareekshala silabasku munduku saagadam sambandhitamaa anae sandehaalu, bodhanaa sibbandi nundi munduku saagadaaniki maddatu lekapovadam keelaka samasyalu. oka vilakshanhamaina arpn vaakyanirmaanamtho oke (asaadhaarana) yantram upayoginche bhasha kante vidyaarthulu vistrutamgaa upayoginche praathamika bhashanu neerchukoevadampai ekkuva aasakti chuupaaru.
chivaraku, tyle aadhaarita graphics itara yantraala pixel aadhaarita graphics thoo paelavamgaa polchabaddaayi-ivi aes yokka monocrome kante rangu kooda. idhi ammakalanu ekkuvagaa saanketika prograaming autsaahikula samuchita marketku parimitam chesindi.
design.
jupiter esnu daani saaruupya parimaanam, takkuva kharchu mariyu saaruupya roopam karakam kaaranamgaa tarachugaa zx81 thoo poolchutaaru. antargatamgaa dheeni roopakalpana zx spectramtho samanamga untundi, ayithe aes 2 kb pratyeka veediyo memarini kooda kaligi undhi, veediyo memory vale adhe byaankunu (adhe chips) prograamlu access chesinappudu nemmadini paakshikamgaa nivaaristundi. spectrum maadirigaane, aes nalla vaahaka rabbaru keelanu upayoginchindi.
audeo saamarthyaalu prograamable frequency mariyu vyavadhitho cpu-niyantritamai undevi. sound avtput oka chinna antarnirmita speaker dwara undedi.
aaa samayamlo saadhaaranam vale, idhi disk/tape drivelaku badulugaa saadhaarana tape recordernu upayoginchindi. adevidhamgaa, pradarsanagaa television avasaram-conny idhi spectrum vanti pootii namuunaalachae maddatu ivvabadina rangu kante nalupu mariyu telupu rangulalo matrame undedi.
jupiter aes jilag Z80 paie aadharapadi undhi, idhi designerlu synclire Zx81 mariyu Zx spectrum meeda panichesinappati anubhavam kaligi unnaaru.
graphics mariyu text rendintinee oke samayamlo pradarsinchavacchuhu (1) aksharaala palakala punarnirvacanam praamaanika 256x192 graphicsnu andubaatulo unna 128 (nirvachinchadagina) 8x8 aksharalaku parimitam chesindi, 64x48 graphics yokka plaattho ekakaalamlo.
antargata speaker neerugaa single task modlo sipiyuche niyantrinchabadutundi, dhwani pounahpunyam mariyu ms loe vyavadhini niyantristundi.
nilva 1500 baad vadda casset tape interfaces dwara jarigindi. faillanu forth prograamla (compile chesina code) nilva kosam ledhaa memory yokka mudi dumps kosam upayoginchavacchu.
ghnaapakasakti.
aes loe 8 kebi rome undhi, indulo forth kernell mariyu operating system undhi, mariyu sumaru 5 kebilo forth padaala yokka mundugaa nirvachinchina nighantuvu undhi. migilina 3 kebi rome aneka kaaryaacharanalaku maddatu ichindih floating point numbers library mariyu aksharaala nirvachanaala pattika, tape recorder access, kottagaa tirigi savarinchina 'padaalanu' decompiling mariyu punarnirvachinchadam (i.ii. nityakrutyaalu). romlo kontha bhaagam z80 yantra sankethamlo vraayabadindi, conny konni mundu kodu cheyabaddaayi.
tadupari 8 kebi raam loe nirminchabadindi, idhi paakshikamgaa decode cheyabadindi, 2 kebi veediyo raam rendusaarlu pratidhvaninchindi, mariyu 1 kebi user raam 4 saarlu pratidhvaninchindi (adhe memory aneka ververu memory chirunamalalo kanipistundi).
veediyo raam yokka diguva chirunama addaanni upayoginchadam dwara cpu praadhaanyatanu enchukovachhu, phalitamgaa veediyo upavyavastha mariyu cpu oke gadiyara chakramlo veediyo raamnu access chesinappudu terapai konni kshanika yaadruchchika pixellu vastaayi. unnata chirunamanu upayoginchadam valla jokyampai cpu kluptamgaa nilipiveyabadutundi, idhi programme samayanni prabhaavitam chestundi mariyu eee modnu ii/oo kaaryakalaapaalaku saripodu.
veediyo raam pradhana chirunama mariyu dayta bassula nundi paakshikamgaa vaeru cheyabadinanduna, chaalaa varaku veediyo upavyavastha mariyu cpu samaantaramgaa panicheyagalavu.
memory mapp yokka modati 16 kebi rome, veediyo mariyu user-available raam kosam upayoginchabadindi, memory mapp yokka rendava 16 kebi raam extension kosam uchitam mariyu agra 32 kebi nirvachinchabadaledu.
oka 1kae byaanku daani 128 acci-aadhaarita aksharaalalo chaalaa varaku 8x8 pixel bitmap aakrutilo punarnirvachinchadaaniki anumatinchindi. itara 1kae byaanku nalupu mariyu telupu rangulalo 24 varusala x 32 niluvu varusala puurti tera pradarsananu nilva chesindi. rangu vistaranagaa saadhinchaalani uddesinchabadindi, conny rangu-graphics boardu roopondinchabadinappatiki, edhee eppuduu vaanijyaparamgaa utpatti kaaledu.
16 kebi ryaam-pyaak empikatho 1 kebi ryaam, taruvaata 32 kebi ryaam. boldfield computing dwara kooda oka pcb vikrayinchabadindi, idhi edge connectornu synclire jdx81 thoo vidyut anukuulataku maarchindi, idhi jdx81 16keey raam pyaaknu upayoginchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi.
lakshanaalu.
aes raam gurinchi konnisaarlu pratyeka 2 kebi veediyo memory untundi, idhi prograaming kosam andubaatulo ledhu, tadwara kontha gandaragolaniki daariteestundi. adevidhamgaa, ford yokka saamarthyam kaaranamgaa, 1 kebi praamaanika raam praathamika vyavasthalo kaneesam 2 kebitho polchadaginadi anie konnisaarlu vaadinchabadindi.
prograaming.
dheeni atyanta vilakshanhamaina lakshanam oka nirmaanaatmaka bhashanu enchukovadam. thread compilation vraasina prograamlu marinta khareedaina computerlu load chesina aneka sthaanika-sankalanam chesina bhashala vale vaegamgaa panicheyadaaniki anumatinchindi. mundu vaati chinna memory mariyu saapekshamgaa takkuva paniteeru gala praasesarlatoe microcomputerlaku baga anugunamgaa pariganinchabadindi. forth prograamlu memory-samarthavanthamainavi; avi peddavigaa maarutunna koddi, avi gatamlo nirvachinchina kodnu tirigi upayogistaayi. niyantrana nirmaanaalanu yea sthaayiloonainaa goodu kattavachhu, andubaatulo unna ghnaapakasakti dwara matrame parimitam cheyavachu. idhi sanklishtamaina kaaryakramaalanu amalu cheyadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi, punaraavruta kaaryakramaalanu kooda anumatinchindi. aes yokka forth "basic kante padhi retlu vaegamgaa" undani perkonabadindi mariyu ardham chesukunna basiclo vraayabadina samaanamaina programme yokka memarylo sagam kante takkuva (aaa samayamlooni takkuva mugimpu computerlalo gananeeyamaina vyaya saatam) upayoginchabadindi. avasaramaite yantra code nityakrutyaalanu sulabhamgaa amalu cheyadaaniki kooda idhi veelu kalpinchindi.
aes yokka forth konni sambandhita vyatyaasaalato forward-79 paie aadharapadi undhi, mukhyamgaa idhi nirmaanaalu mariyu nirvachinche nirmaanaalanu niyantrinchadaaniki vaakyanirmaana tanikheeni jodinchindi mariyu saadhaarana praathamika dhwani, veediyo mariyu tape aadesaala aadhaaramgaa konni adanapu padaalu jodinchabaddaayi. amalu cheyadamlo konni takkuva tarachugaa upayoginche padaalu laevu, avasaramaite veetini sulabhamgaa amalu chestaaru. vegaanni 25 saatam nundi 50 saatam varaku penchadaaniki runtime error checkingnu aapiveyavachhu.
decompling.
disket vyavasthalu upayoginche saadhaarana sankhya prograaming blacklaku badulugaa, viniyogadaaru "sankalanam chesina padajaalaalanu" save/load cheyagalagadam dwara disk-less tape-using home computer hardwareku idhi anuvartinchabadindi.
disk mariyu tape driverlu rendintitho upayoginche laeni block vyavasthanu anukarinchadamlo raamnu vrudhaa cheyadaanni decompling nivaarinchindi (ivi tape recorderlatho gandaragolaniki gurikakudadu). badulugaa, idhi mudi binary dayta kosam adanapu dayta failnu kaligi undhi. eee parishkaralu jupiter aes kuu pratyekamainavi.
nirvachakudu verses compiler.
decompilenu anumatinchadaaniki, idhi saadhaarana nirvachinche mariyu compiler padaala srushtini vaeru chesi, srushtini bharti chestundi.. chestundi>, srushtitoe jatha cheyandih
eee 2 nirvachinche jatalu, okkadaaniki badulugaa, aes daani prograamlanu vichchinnam cheyadaaniki anumatinchindi, saadhaarana forth systems maadirigaa kakunda. eee decompling saamarthyam marinta saralamaina disk vyavastha lekapovadam valla parishkaram. forward programme yokka muulaanni nilva cheyakunda, editing chesina tarvaata kodnu compile cheyadam dwara, idhi computer memarini aadaa chese raam meeda disk/tape drive yokka anukarananu puurtigaa nivaarinchindi. idhi casset tape nundi prograamlanu chadavadam mariyu vraayadamlo kooda samayanni aadaa chesindi. eee tape-friendly mariyu raam-saving solution jupiter aes kii pratyekamainadi.
paerlu oka mundati sandarbham nundi aspashtamgaa undavacchu, endukante anni padaalu prakatinchabadinappudu sankalanam cheyabadataayi.
nirvachakudu oka kotta taragatini (oka shrenigaa) nirvachistaadu, idhi oka shreni vastuvunu nirmistundi (sankalanam chestundi). ivi 'interpretor' loe churukuga untaayi. eee paraspara charya vidhananni jatha cheyadam dwara, compiler oka prograaming nirmaanaanni (saadhaaranamgaa oka jatha ledhaa moodu) lekapothe-appudu anie nirvachistundi. eee 'structured prograaming' 'compile' modlo churukuga untaayi (idhi kevalam kotta padaanni nirmistondi). sankshiptamgaa, "interpreting mode" antey runn stage anie, ayithe "compiling mode" anedi editing stage anie suuchistumdi.
abhivruddhi.
muulaalanu nivaarinchadam anedi sankalanam chesina avutputto kodlo namodu chesina vyakhyalanu nilva cheyadam dwara bharti cheyabadindi, saampradaaya sankalanam atuvanti vyakhyalanu vismaristundi. aaa vyakhyalanu decompiling chesinappudu tirigi pondaaru. code muulam" phalitamgaa, savarinchina padaalu (savarinchinavi) kottagaa savarinchinadaanni upayoginchi anni kodlanu vaastavaparachaalani demand chestaayi. idhi praamaanikam kaani punarnirvachinchina aadesamto cheyabadindi.
atuvanti prayojanam kosam spashtamgaa roopondinchanappatiki, sankalanam cheyabadina forwardnu antarnirmita vyavasthaku rome podigimpula kosam upayoginchavacchu. bahya romlu niyantrana anuvartanaalugaa upayoginchadaaniki aes thoo abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi.
yaad-aanlu.
saaruupya raam sthaanaalu mariyu bahya vistarana slat kaaranamgaa yantram konni zx-81 yaad-aanlanu upayoginchagaligindi. jupiter contab 16 kebi ryaam pyaaknu tayaaru chesindi, mariyu bahya companylu ilanti ryaam pyaaklanu alaage itara paridheeyaalu mariyu interfacelanu tayaaru chesaayi.
namuunaalu.
1982-vacuum-dra chesina kesulo asalu jupiter aes-5000 unitlu nirminchinatlu nivedinchabadindi.
1983-balamaina injection achutho kuudina kesupai jupiter aes 4000-800 unitlu nirminchinatlu nivedinchabadindi.
kooda chudandi.
itara mundari-aadhaarita microcomputerlu