
sagam jeetam

sagam-chellimpu (hetch.pii.) anae padaanni 18,19 mariyu 20va sataabdaala praarambhamlo british sainyam mariyu raayal neeveeloo padavee viramana chesinappudu ledhaa vaastava sevalo lenappudu oka adhikari andukunna vetanam ledhaa bhatyaanni suuchimchadaaniki upayoginchaaru.
gatha viniyogam.
united kingdom.
aangla sainyamlo 17va sataabdam chivaralo mariyu 18va sataabdam praarambhamlo sagam-vetanam empika abhivruddhi chendindi, adhe samayamlo adhikaarulache kameeshanlu mariyu padoonnatula konugolu vyavastha konasaagindi. panichestunna adhikarulu swachchandamgaa sagam vetanam pondavacchu ledhaa vaari sevalu avasaram lekapothe alaa cheyavalasi untundi. rendu sandarbhaalloonuu, vaari sevalaku akasmaattugaa avasaram unte vaarini vaari regimentlaku tirigi pilavavacchu. udaaharanaku, 1715loe jacobite perugutunna samayamlo, sagam vetanam unna adhikaarulandarinii sainyaniki tirigi pilipinchaaru.
nepolian yuddhaala taruvaata taggina british sainyam anubhavinchina sudeergha shanti kaalamlo, sagam vaetana vyavastha kashtataramaina videshee sevalanu nivaarinche maargamgaa maarindi. konugolu vyavastha dwara padoonnati pondina sampanna adhikarulu tama regimentnu bharatadesaniki ledhaa marekkadaina post chesthe sagam vaetana jaabitaaku badilee cheyavachu. appudu vaaru britainlo home servies kuu ketaayinchina regimentlaku kotta niyamakalanu konugolu cheyavachu. sagam-vaetana jaabitaaku mariyu nundi badileelu yuddha samayamlo karyadarshi abheeshtaanusaaram aamodinchabaddaayi. 
19va sataabdamloo, sainyalu mariyu naavikaadalaalu sagam-vaetana jaabitaanu upayoginchaayi, idhi aadhunika dalaala reserve officer bhagalaku samaanamaina panini andinchindi, padavee viramana chesina ledhaa kriyaaseela seva kosam avasaram laeni adhikarulu vaari puurtigaa niyaminchabadina counter-parts yokka sagam jeetam pondutaaru.
sagam vaetanaala jabita puurtigaa tolaginchaleni chaalaa raajakeeya prabhavam unna asamartha ledhaa asamarthulaina adhikaarula sevanu tolaginche maargamgaa kooda upayogapadutundi. atuvanti adhikaarulanu sagam vethanamtho niyamistaaru mariyu kriyaaseela sevaku ennadoo pilavabadaru. podiginchina sangharshana kalalalo, sagam vaetana jaabitaalu british sainyamlo saadhaaranamaina sagam vaetana-kameeshanla ammakamtho jatacheyabadinappudu sainikulaku gananeeyamaina kharchuga marai.
united states.
khandantara sainyamlo adhikarulu andukunna chaalaa takkuva vaetanaanni bharti cheyadaaniki prothsaahakamgaa 1778loe khandantara congress sagam-vaetana vyavasthanu amalu chesindi, idhi ekkuva kaalam adhikaarulanu nilupukovadaanni kashtataram chesindi. american viplava yuddham mugisina taruvaata edu samvatsaraala paatu adhikaarulandarikii sagam-vaetana prayojanam manjuru cheyabadindi, conny taruvaata jeevitakaala prayojanaaniki podiginchabadindi. continental armylo panichestunna adhikaarulandarikii prayojanam vaagdaanam cheyabadindi, conny yuddham taruvaata confederation articles congress aaa pensionlaku chellinchadaaniki vyatiraekamgaa ootu vesindi, anduvalla swatantra sagam-vaetana jaabitaanu erpaatu chesina konni rashtra regimentla adhikarulu matrame aaa vaetanaanni andukunnaru. yuddham taruvaata padavee viramana chesina adhikaarula vistruta lobbying taruvaata, 1783loe congress yuddha vibhagam dwara aidella paatu puurti vetanam chellinchadaaniki adhikaranni ichindi. sagam vetanam teesukune adhikaarula pedda jabita grate britainlo unnatle united statesku kooda ilanti samasyalanu srushtinchindi. prabhutva vetanaallo inca perugutunna vruddhaapya adhikaarulanu niyantrinche prayatnamlo, 1855loe, oka yuva adhikari dalaanni prothsahinchadaaniki, naavikaadala kaaryadarsiki, oka sameeksha boardu sifaarasutoe, asamarthulugaa ledhaa vidhulaku anarhudigaa bhaavinchina asankalpitamgaa adhikaarulanu tolaginche hakku ivvabadindi. tvaralo, 40 samvatsaraala sevatho unna adhikarulu swachchandamgaa padavee viramana cheyadaaniki anumatinchabaddaaru.
1889loe, sagam-vaetana padavee viramana prayojanaanni 30 samvatsaraala kriyaaseela sevanu puurti chesina namodu cheyabadina sibbandiki saadhaarana arder nem. 372.
france.
1815loe rendava borban punaruddharana taruvaata, "grand armi" yokka avasheshaalu raddu cheyabaddaayi; elba nundi tirigi vacchina taruvaata nepolianku toku firaayimpu kaaranamgaa, 1792 nundi vividha sankeerna yuddhalu mugimpu mariyu praja aardhika paristhitula anischita paristhiti kaaranamgaa. chaalaa mandhi adhikarulu bonapartism ledhaa republicanism yokka anumaanitudigaa pariganinchabaddaaru, anduvalla vaaru nammadaganivaarugaa bhaavinchabaddaaru. tatphalitamgaa, chaalaa mandhi prii-vaatarloo adhikaarulanu "demi-soaled" ("sagam-vetanam") paie unchaaru, mariyu veerilo kondarini "emigrays" dwara bharti chesaaru.
eee adhikaarulanu kriyaaseela seva nundi tolaginchaaru, conny ippatikee vaari ryaankulanu nilupukunnaru mariyu yea samayamloonainaa sainyamlo seva cheyadaaniki siddhamgaa undaali. vaari raajakeeya viswasaneeyata lekapovadam valla vaaru sainika kramasikshana bhaaram kinda konasagaru. vaaru vivaham chesukovadaniki ledhaa vaari "commune" (municipality) velupala prayaaninchadaaniki anumati adagalsi vachindi. alaage, vaari mail teravabadindi, mariyu vaaru pooliisulaku nivedinchaalsi vachindi.
thana chakravarthy tirigi raavadaaniki kutralu nirvahistunna oka vyaamohangala bonapartistga "demi-soaled" yokka chitram atisayokti, conny vaarilo kondaru vaastavaaniki vyatiraeka-burban kutralalo palgonnaru. marovaipu, chaalaa mandhi adhikarulu raitulu, paarisraamikavettalu ledhaa vyapaarulugaa maaradam dwara poura jeevitamlo tirigi vileenam ayyaru. itarulu chivariki vistarinchaalsina avasaram vachinappudu sainyaniki tirigi pilavabaddaru. inca itarulu pradhanamgaa americaku valasa vacchaaru.
1815loe 20,000 nundi, juulai viplavam natiki vaari sankhya 3000 matrame.
aadhunika viniyogam.
aadhunika yuu. ess. sainyamlo, "sagam-vetanam" anae padam sagam vetanam mariyu hakkulanu japthu chese roopamlo seva sabhyulachae takkuva-sthaayi neeraalaku sikshanu suuchistumdi. sainika nyayam yokka ekareeti niyamaavalilo "sagam-vetanam" gaa varninchabadina nirdishta siksha ledhu, conny eee padaanni vaetanaanni japthu cheyadaaniki saadhaarana sankshiptalipigaa upayogistaaru. eee siksha yokka garishta vyavadhiki sambandhinchina maargadarsakaalu sainika nyaya ekareeti niyamaavalilooni artical 15 dwara nirvachinchabaddaayi. commissioned adhikaarulaku, sagam vetanam ledhaa moodu nelala vetanam sagam nela nirbandhamlo rendu nelalaku minchakudadu. namodu cheyabadina sibbandiki, andubaatulo unna sikshala teevrata commanding officer rank mariyu rank dwara parimitam cheyabadutundi. udaaharanaku, oka juuniyar namodu cheyabadina servies member vale adhe vyavadhilo commission kaani adhikaarini sikshinchadaaniki, commanding adhikari tappanisarigaa avasaramayye daanikante ekkuva hodaalo undaali. oo-4 (majer ledhaa leftinent commander) sthaayi kante takkuva unna adhikarulu edu rojula vetanam varaku matrame japthu cheyavachu. 4 mariyu anthakante ekkuva rank unna adhikarulu rendu nelala paatu sagam nela vaetanaanni japthu cheyavachu ledhaa moodu nelala paatu sagam nela vaetanaanni nirbandhinchavacchu.
20 samvatsaraala seva tarvaata padavee viramana chesinatlayithe america saayudha dalaala sabhyulu pondhe padavee viramana vaetanaaniki sambandhinchi kooda eee padaanni upayoginchavacchu. avasaramaite vaaru saanketikamgaa kriyaaseela sevaku tirigi pilavabadataaru, anduvalla pensionku badulugaa chattaparamaina padavee viramana vetanam (taggina seva kosam tagginchina vetanam) upayoginchabadutundi. poura marketto pootiitatvaanni konasaaginchadaaniki, anubhavagnulaina adhikarulu mariyu ensiolanu nirvahinchadaaniki, yuddham mugisina taruvaata sevanu vidichipettina pedda sankhyalo adhikarulu mariyu senior sibbandini chusukovadaniki prastuta padavee viramana vyavasthanu rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata sweekarinchaaru.
kalpanalo.
nepolian yuddhaala samayamlo roopondinchina horatio hornblover syries yokka samudra sahasa navalalo, kathaanaayakudu mariyu athani thoti naavikaadala adhikarulu padavee viramana chesi, "sagam vethanamtho odduku chikkukunna" bhayam gurinchi aneka suuchanalu unnaayi, dheenini vaaru tama chettha peedakalagaa bhaavistaaru, endukante puurti vetanam kooda tarachugaa oka adhikari mariyu yea aasritula jeevana kharchulanu bharinchadaaniki saripodu. vyaktula shaashwata padavee viramanatho paatu, sainyam mariyu naavikaadalam yokka yuddhakaala samsthalalo saantikaala taggimpulu antey gananeeyamaina sankhyalo panichestunna adhikaarulanu sagam vetanampai unchadam mariyu kotta niyaamakaala kosam vechi undatam, idhi jaragakapovachhu.