
mahmad allie bogra

sahibzada sayyad mohammed allie chaudari (urdu سید محمد علی چودھری), saadhaaranamgaa mohammed allie bogra (urdu محمد علی بوگرا) (19 october 1909-23 janavari 1963), ledhaa bogra yokka mohammed aleegaa piluvabade, pakistan bengali raajakeeyavetta, raajaneetignudu mariyu 1953loe pakistan yokka moodava pradhana mantrigaa panichesina vrutti doutyavetta, eee hodaalo niyaminchabaddaaru, athanu 1955loe aardhika mantri mohammed aleeki anukuulamgaa padaveeviramana chese varaku.
kalakatta vishwavidhyaalayamloni presidency kalasalalo vidyanu abhyasinchina taruvaata, athanu muslim leag vedikapai thana raajakeeya jeevitaanni praarambhinchi, appati pradhani hetch. ess. 1940laloe suhrawardi. 1947loe pakistan swaatantryam taruvaata, athanu videsanga mantritva saakhalo doutyavettagaa cheraadu mariyu kontakaalam burmanlo pakistan rayabariga (1948), kenadaalo hycommissionerga (1949-1952), rendusaarlu united stateslo rayabariga mariyu japaanlo rayabariga (1959-1962) panicheesaaru.
1953loe america nundi paakistaanku chesina sevala nundi aayananu tirigi pilipinchina taruvaata, appati governor general surr malik gulam aamodinchina niyaamakamlo surr khwaja nazimuddin sthaanamlo pradhaniga niyamitulayyaaru. soviet uniontho sambandhaalanu taggistune, pakistan, america madhya dwaipaakshika sambandhaalanu balopetam cheyadaanni ayana videsanga vidhanam balamgaa anusarinchindi. bhaaratto saantini saadhinchadaaniki balamaina sainyam kosam kooda ayana munduku vacchaaru mariyu chainaatho sambandhaalaku praadhaanyata ivvadaaniki vyaktigata chorava teesukunnaru. swadesamlo, 1956loe paakistaannu samakhya parliamentary republicga chesina raajyaamgaaniki punaadi vesina prajaadarana pondina raajakeeya suutraanni ayana vijayavantamgaa pratipaadinchaaru. prajaadarana pondina choravalu unnappatikee, appati taatkaalika governor general iskander mirjaaku ayana thana maddatunu kolpoyaru, ayana aayananu 1959 varaku panichesina united stateslo pakistan rayabariga tirigi niyaminchaaru.
1962loe ayana adhyakshudu ayyub khaan paripaalanalo 1963loe thana maranam varaku pakistan videsanga mantrigaa cheraaru.
jeevita charitra.
kutumba nepathyam mariyu vidya.
mohammed allie 1909 aktobaru 19naa bharatadesamloni thoorpu bengaalloni barisallo janminchaaru. athanu bogra navaabulu anie piluvabade unnata mariyu sampanna kuleena kutumbamlo janminchaadu, saampradayakamgaa british raacharikaaniki chaalaa daggaragaa undevaadu. upasarga, "sahibzada" (litt. yuvaraju) bhaaratadesamlo vyaktulaku ichhe aacharam gala bengali raajavamsamku praatinidhyam vahinchadaaniki athani paeru mundu jodinchabaddadu.
ayana tandri, kalakattaaloni seyint javiers kalasalalo chaduvukunna nawabzada altaf allie chaudari, dhaakaalo pramukha vyakti, alaage sthaanika raajakeeyavetta, muslim leag thoorpu bengaul vargaaniki upadhyakshudiga kooda panicheesaaru. athani tandri altaf allie chaudari kuu derby gurrapu pandem, dogg show mariyu saareeraka kreedalapai makkuva undedi. ayana taata nawab allie chaudari kooda oka raajakeeyavetta, mantrigaa niyamitulaina modati bengali muslingaa panicheesaaru, mariyu daakaaku chendina nawab surr khwaja salimullah bahadur thoo kalisi dhaakaa vishwavidyaalayaanni sthaapinchadamlo maargadarsaka paatra pooshinchaaru.
modata sthaanika hastings houselo chaduvukunna mahmad allie bogra, taruvaata kalakattaaloni sthaanika "madrasa" loe chaduvukunnaru. matriculation taruvaata, bogra kalakatta vishwavidhyaalayamloni presidency kalaasaalaku vellaadu, akkada 1930loe raajakeeya saastramlo bii. eah degreetho graduation pondaadu.
athanu rendusaarlu vivaham chesukunnaduh athani modati bhaarya begum hameeda mohammed allie, athanitho ataniki iddaru kumaarulu unnaaru. aaa taruvaata ayana 1955loe alia saaddiini vivaham chesukunnaru. ayana rendava vivaham desamlo mahilaa samsthalachae bahubhaaryaatvaaniki vyatiraekamgaa vistrutamaina nirasanalaku daariteesindi.
rajakeeyaalu (1930-1947).
raajakeeyaalloki raakamundu, bogra kutumbam 1930loe party kaaryakartagaa bengali rajakeeyaalu mariyu muslim leaglo churukuga unna prabhaavavantamaina navaabulu. 1937loe jarigina muslim leag vedikapai bogra niyojakavargam nundi pootii chesi bengaul saasanasabhalo pratipakshamlo kuurchunnaaru. athani maama husson allie chaudari kooda muslim leag vedikaku vyatiraekamgaa pootii chesi ennikallo vijayam saadhinchaaru. ayana tandri altaf allie chaudari kooda thana niyojakavargaanni vijayavantamgaa samardhinchukunnaaru, adhikaaramlo unna krishak praja paarteelo sabhyudiga unnaaru.
1938loe, ayana 1942 varaku panichesina bogra jillaaku chairmanga ennikayyaaru. muslim leag raajakeeya maddatu pondhi, appati mukhyamantri khwaja nazimuddinku parliamentary kaaryadarsigaa niyaminchabade varaku 1943 varaku ayana pratipakshamlo panicheesaaru. 1946loe hussin suhrawardi aayananu thana mantrivargamlo cheramani koraadu, aaa taruvaata aarogyam, aardhika, sthaanika prabhutvaala saakhalanu nirvahinchaaru. aarogya mantrigaa ayana dhaakaa vaidya kalaasaala, kalakatta lake vaidya kalaasaalanu sthaapinchaaru.
british india vibhajana dwara pakistan erpaatuku muslim leag chesina pilupuku bogra maddatu icchaaru mariyu 1945loe jarigina saadhaarana ennikalaloo thana niyojakavargaanni vijayavantamgaa samardhinchukunnaaru. 1947loe ayana modati rajyanga sabhalo cheraaru. 1948loe dhaakaalo unnappudu, athanu governor general mohammed allie jinnaanu andukunnadu mariyu pakistan yokka adhikaarika rashtra bhashaga prajaadarana pondina bhasha udyamaanni minahaayinche amsampai bhinnabhiprayam vyaktam chesaadu. jinna eee charyanu prakatinchakundaa nirodhinchaalani ayana mukhyamantri surr khwaja nazimuddinku gattiga salaha icchaaru, conny aayananu mandalinchaaru.
dautya vrutti (1947-1952).
barmaku rayabariga, kenadaaku hye kamishanarga, united statesku rayabariga unnaaru.
1948loe, kairoloni pakistan dautya missionku naayakatvam vahinchadaaniki eejipt raajyamlo pakistan rayabariga niyaminchaalani bogranu pradhani liakhat allie khaan koraru, daanini bogra tiraskarinchindi. badulugaa, athanu poruguna unna barmaalo doutyaparamaina niyamakanni enchukuni, 1948loe rangoonlo thana aadhaaraalanu samarpinchaadu. barmaalo pakistan rayabari ayina ventane, athani raajakeeya tatvasaastram sampradaayavaada manastatvaanni pratibimbimchimdi mariyu kamyoonistulaku vyatiraekamgaa burman sainika kaaryakalaapaalaku maddatu icchinappudu communist vyatiraeka vaikharini teesukundi. 1948loe, athanu pakistan loe communistu vistarana gurinchi aandolana vyaktam chesaadu, pakistan paathrikeyulatho ilaa cheppadu "kamyoonistulanu anachiveyadamlo barmis prabhutvam vijayavantamaite, vaaru communistu prayatnaala kendraanni paakistaanku maarchavacchu."
1949loe, kenadaaku pakistan hycommissionerga niyamitulainappudu ayana barmanu vidichipettaru, 1952 varaku dautya missionku naayakatvam vahinchaaru. 1952loe, ayana united stateslo rayabariga niyaminchabaddaaru.
united states paie desham yokka aadhaarapadataaniki naayakatvam vahinchadaaniki, washington, dii looni pakistan laabeelo churukaina paatra pooshinchadaaniki athanu vistrutamgaa baadhyata vahistaadu.sii.paakistaanku sainika, aardhika sahayam andinche uddesyamto. prapanchamlo russian communism niyantranaku vyatiraekamgaa jarigina yuddhamlo "front line state" vidhananni roopondinchadamlo ayana sahayapaddaru. 1952loe united stateslo jarigina adhyaksha ennikalanu chusina taruvaata, athanu vaadinchi, taruvaata republican party yokka kathinavaadulanu mariyu adhyakshudu dwite dii. pakistan yokka communism vyatiraeka aadhaaraala gurinchi isenhover. soviet union vistaranaku vyatiraekamgaa pooraadina ekaika pakistan sainyam anae aalochananu kooda ayana samarpinchaaru, ayinappatikee american vidhana roopakartalu etuvanti muppunu kooda oohinchaledu. pakistan raajakeeya vruttamlo, athanu chaalaa american anukuula abhipraayaalanu kaligi unnadu mariyu desham, united states patla abhimanam kaligi unnadu. 1952loe america prabhutvamtho santakam chesina oppandamlo, paakistaanku pampinchavalasina america samyukta raashtraala adhikari sahaya salahaapai charchalu jarapadaniki kooda ayana sahayapaddadu.
pakistan yokka farrin servies societylo, bogra "american pratidee gurinchi mitimeerina prasamsalaku prasiddhi chendina vyakti" gaa paeru gaanchaadu."athanu 1953 varaku pakistan rayabariga panicheesaadu, conny vamapaksha prabhavam peragadam praarambhinchi, soviet unionku prajala maddatu kanipinchinappudu paakistaanlooni nijamaina paristhiti gurinchi athanu aandolana chendaadu. soviet unionku vyatiraekamgaa paakistaannu united states kootamilo unche pradhana vyaktulalo okarigaa pakistan charitrakaarulu aayananu vistrutamgaa baadhyataayutamgaa bhaavinchaaru.
pakistan pradhana mantri (1953-1955).
pratibha mantritva saakha mariyu videsanga vidhanam.
1952loe thoorpuna bhasha udyamam, paakistaanlo soshalistu party edugudala, 1953loe lahore minority "ahmadiya" kuu vyatiraekamgaa jarigina himsaatmaka allarlu 1953 april 17naa appati governor general gulam mahmad pradhani khwaja nazeemuddinnu tolaginchadaaniki kaaranamayyaayi.
tadupari sampradimpula kosam bogranu washington disi nundi karachi (appati samakhya rajadhani) kii rappinchaaru, kaani governor general gulam mohammed aayananu kotta pradhana mantrigaa mariyu pakistan muslim leag (pml) adhyakshudiga niyaminchadaaniki vellaaru, dheenini party angeekarinchindi. ottidi mariyu ayishtatatho, athanu governor general gulam mohammed nundi kotta niyamakanni angeekarinchaadu, conny athanu saadhaarana prajalaku teliyani raajakeeya nayakudi kante doutyavettagaa undevaadu. praarambhamlo, kotta mantrivargaanni niyaminche varaku ayana videsanga vyavaharalu mariyu rakshana mantritva saakhalanu konasaaginchaaru. prabhutvaanni swaadheenam chesukunna taruvaata, bogra 1954 mae 30naa ennikaina fazul hook prabhutvaanni tolaginchi, "rajadroham" paie atanipai abhiyogaalu moparu. appati rakshana karyadarshi iskander mirjanu governorga niyaminchina ayana, eee niyamakam konni nelalu matrame konasaagindi.
pradhana mantri bogra "pratibha mantritva saakha" gaa piluvabade kotta mantrivargaanni niyaminchaaru, indulo rakshana mantrigaa general ayyub khaan, armi commander-inn-sii, mariyu antargata mantrigaa majer general (retired) iskander allie mirja unnaaru.
ayana niyamakam united stateslo meeku goppa prasamsalanu andinchindi.ess. videsanga karyadarshi zaan foster dulless, paakistaannu "asealo swechchaku rakshanagaa" mariyu united states senatelo republican party nayakudu vilium eff. united states congresslo niyamakanni aamodistuu, telivaina desham. adhe samayamlo, yuu.ess. pakistan adhyakshudu dwite isenhover veyyi tannula godhumalanu ventane paakistaanku ravana cheyaalani aadesinchaaru. bogra americatho sainika sambandhaalanu balopetam cheyadaaniki aasaktigaa unnadu, ayithe, americanlu bhaaratto tama balamaina sambandhaalanu debbateeyakundaa jagrattagaa munduku sagaru, badulugaa dwaipaakshika samasyalapai bhaaratto pratyaksha charchalu jarapalani pradhana mantri bograpai ottidi tecchi, aadesinchaaru. ayana padaveekaalamlo ayana americatho bahula oppandaalapai santakam chesi, rendu deshaalanu marinta sannihitam chesaaru.
ayana videsanga vidhanam balamaina "soviet vyatiraeka aandolana" kuu prasiddhi chendindi, dheenini ayana rashyanlu "saamraajyavaadulu" gaa bhaavinchaaru, conny rendoo saiddhaantikamgaa moosiveyabadinappatiki chainaku adhe paeru pettaledu. 1955loe, pradhani bogra paakistaannu 1955loe indoneshiyaalo jarigina bandung samavesaniki haajaru kaavadaaniki nadipinchaaru, idhi chaina mariyu pakistan madhya modati unnata sthaayi sambandhaanni chusindi.
pakistan videsanga vidhanam rachayitala kosam, united states paie bogra yokka atigaa aadharapadatam mariyu athani vyaktigata communist vyatiraeka abhiprayalu 1950laloe soviet uniontho dwaipaakshika sambandhaalanu naasanam chesaayi mariyu pakistan videsanga vidhananni prajaadarana pondina prajabhiprayam unnappatikee united states aadesaala krinda unchaayi.
america ottidi kaaranamgaa, bogra chivariki bhaaratadaesamtoe kashmir samasyanu parishkarinchadam dwara bhaaratadaesamtoe sambandhaalanu balopetam cheyadaaniki chorava teesukunnadu. 1953loe, londonlo raani elizabeth II pattabhishekam sandarbhamgaa pradhani bogra pradhani jawaharlal nehroonu kalisaaru. pradhani nehru karaacheeni adhikaarika sandarsanaku vellinappudu mahmad allie bogra aayanaku swaagatam palikaru, aaa tarvaata pradhani bogra ventane newdhilleeloo thana paryatanaku pratigaa vacchaaru. chivariki iddaroo bhaarata aadheenamlo unna kashmir (aiosi) loe "prajabhipraya sekarana" paie angeekarinchinanduna, pradhaanamantri bogra pradhani nehruto snehapoorvaka mariyu sannihita sambandhaalanu kaligi unnaaru, conny pradhaanamantri bogra desamloni vamapaksha rangam nundi maddatunu kolpoyinanduna idhi saadhinchabadaledu.
bharatadesam patla thana vidhaanamlo, pradhana mantri bogra upakhandamlo saantini saadhinchadaaniki balamaina sainyam kosam munduku vacchaaru, mariyu ilaa vaadinchaaru "sainika balamlo marinta samaanatvam unte, appudu parishkaram kosam ekkuva avakaasam untundani neenu khachitamgaa anukuntunnanu".
bogra suutram.
bogra suutram anedi 1953 aktobaru 7naa rajyanga sabha mundu pradhana mantri bogra samarpinchina mariyu pratipaadinchina raajakeeya raajee. pradhana mantri sachivalayanni swaadheenam chesukunna taruvaata, bogra krodeekarinchina rajyangam yokka musaida thana praathamika lakshyamgaa undani prakatinchaadu, aaru nelallo, rajyanga ritt yokka musaida cheyadaaniki daariteese pratipaadananu prakatinchaadu.
appati aidu provincelu punjab, khaibar-pakhtunkhwa, balochistan, sindh mariyu bengaul nundi samaana praatinidhyamtho jaateeya assembly mariyu senetto kuudina marinta prabhaavavantamaina dvisabha paarlamentunu erpaatu cheyaalani framework pratipaadinchindi. damasha praatinidhyam aadhaaramgaa jaateeya assembleaki mottam 300 sthaanaalanu, desamloni mottam aidu praavinsulaku samaana praatinidhyam kaligina senetku 50 sthaanaalanu ketayinchalsi undhi.
eee chatram kinda, 75 mandhi reservation seetlatho kuudina punjabku, 24 mandhi khaibar-pakhtunkhwaku, 19 mandhi sindhku, 17 mandhi reservation seetlatho kuudina baluuchistaanku bhinnamgaa 165 mandhi reservation seetlatho kuudina bengaalku pedda sankhyalo niyojakavargaalu ketayinchabaddayi. girijana praantaalu, karachi metropolitan praantam, bahavalpur, khairpur, baluchistan states unionlanu kalipi 24 reserved seetlugaa erpaatu chesaaru.
eee chatramlo, naalugu praavinsulu mariyu samakhya raajadhaaniki kalipi ketaayinchina seetla kante jaateeya assemblylo saamaajika ekaruupata kaaranamgaa bengaul ekkuva seetlanu ichindi, ivanni samajikamga vaividhyamainavi mariyu naitikamgaa vaividhyamainavi. conny naalugu provinceulalo rijarvu chesina sthaanaalanu kalipi dvisabha paarlamentulo bengaaltho samatulyatalo unnaayi. rendu sabhalaku samaana adhikaralu ivvabaddaayi, rendu sabhala madhya vivaadam jariginatlayithe, eee amsaanni ummadi samavesaniki mundu samarpinchaalsi undhi.
naalugu praavinsula nundi adhyakshudu ennikainatlayithe pradhana mantri thoorpu bengaul nundi ennikavutaarani, "dheeniki viruddhamgaa" oka nibandhana chesina yea aidu praavinsula shaashwata aadhipatyaanni nivaarinchadaaniki bogra framework check und balancenu kooda parishkaristundi. jaateeya assembly mariyu senate anae rendu sabalu erpaatu chesina electoral college dwara paroksha ennikala nundi adhyakshudini 5 samvatsaraala kaalaaniki ennukovalasi untundi.
pakistan sarvonnata nyaayasthaanaaniki marinta adhikaram mariyu samsthaagata nyaya swaatantryam ivvalsi undhi, idhi oka chattam coron yokka praathamika bodhanalaku anugunamgaa undaa ledhaa anie nirnayinchadaaniki islaamik mataadhikaarula sthaanamlo saasvatamgaa untundi.
pradhani nazimuddin netrutvamloni praathamika suutraala kamiteeki viruddhamgaa bogra suutraalu chaalaa prachuryam pondaayi mariyu prajalu vistrutamgaa swaagatinchaaru, endukante idhi paakistaanlooni rendu vibhagala madhya antaraanni tagginchagala pranaalikagaa mariyu deshaaniki aikyataku muulamgaa panichestundani vaaru bhaavinchinanduna prajalalo idhi goppa utsaahamgaa bhaavinchabadindi.
governor general gulam mohammed thana adhikaaraalanu arikattadam dwara bedirinchinappudu, 1954loe pakistan sainika, poura bureaucracy maddatutoe rajyanga sabhanu raddu chesinappudu eee raajee daani sthaayiki cherukoledu.
oka unit.
bogra suutrampai raayiteeni pondadamlo viphalamaina taruvaata, athanu naalugu praavinsulanu oke dhesha-rashtramgaa ekikrutam chesina vivaadaaspada oka unit karyakramam vaipu panicheyadam praarambhinchaadu mariyu athanu utankinchinappudu atuvanti aalochana kosam vaadinchadam praarambhinchaaduh
united states kuu tolagimpu mariyu rayabari (1955-1959).
anaarogya kaaranamgaa selavunu koorutuu governor general surr malik gulam mohammed chesina abhyardhananu 1955 augustu 4naa mantrivargam aamodinchindi. ayana sthaanamlo antargata mantri iskander mirjanu vaaru enchukunnaaru, ayana augustu 7naa taatkaalika governor generalga pramaana sweekaaram chesaaru.
niyamakam jarigina ventane, taatkaalika governor general mirja praantiiya asamaanatapai pradhani bograto gharshana praarambhinchaadu, iddaroo bengaaleelu mariyu bengaalku chendinavaaru ayinappatikee, bogra paripalananu muginchina pradhani bogranu rajinama cheyamani balavantam chesaadu. taatkaalika governor general mirja kooda malik gulaamnu tolaginchi, raajakeeya parinaamaalanu gurthu cheyadaaniki united kingdamlo notification lekhanu pampaadu.
governor general mirja, badulugaa aardhika mantrigaa niyamitulaina amjad aleeni tirigi pilipinchinappudu united stateslo pakistan rayabariga bogranu niyaminchaaru.
ayyub paripalana.
videsanga mantri (1962-63).
1959loe appati pradhana marshal laa administrator ayyub khaan 1958loe adhyakshudu iskander mirja nundi prabhutva niyantrananu sweekarinchina taruvaata ayana rayabara padavini vidichipettaru. 1962 juun 8naa rajyanga commissionku naayakatvam vahinchadaaniki niyaminchabadina nyaayavetta manjur khadir taruvaata bogra videsanga mantrigaa niyamitulainappudu ayyub paripaalanalo cheraaru.
thana niyamakam taruvaata ventane, athanu chainanu sandarsinchaadu, akkada athanu chaina naayakatvamtho charchalu praarambhinchaadu, idhi chivariki uttaraana pakistan yokka chivari sarihaddulapai chainaatho chaaritraka mariyu saantiyuta parishkaaraaniki daariteesindi. videsanga mantrigaa, ayana paaschaatya anukuula vidhaanaaniki maarganirdesam chesaaru, conny 1962loe chaina-bhaarata yuddha samayamlo bharatadesaniki paaschaatya, america maddatu icchinatlu chusina taruvaata soviet uniontho sambandhaalanu meruguparachadaaniki prayatnaalu chesaaru. adhyakshudu ayubto soviet unionnu sandarsinchina taruvaata, bogra ilaa utankinchaaruh eppatikee snehitulu ledhaa eppatikee satruvulu anevi laevu-jaateeya prayojanaale lekkinchabadataayi.
eee samayamlo, athani aarogyam teevramaina samasyaga maarindi mariyu anaaroogyam kaaranamgaa athanu kashmir gurinchi samavesanni kolpoyadu, kaani athani deputy zulfiquar allie bhutto 26 december 1962naa united stateslo hajarayyadu. 1963loe, bogra dhaakaalo nivasistunnappudu maraninchaadu mariyu thoorpu paakistaanlooni, ippudu bangladeshloni bogra nawab paleslo khananam cheyabaddaadu.
vyaktigata jeevitam.
allie rendusaarlu vivaham chesukunnadu; athani modati bhaarya begum hameeda mahmad allie, mariyu athani rendava bhaarya lebanese mahila alia begum. eee vivaham vivaadaaspadamaindi, endukante idhi pakistan looni unnatavargaalalo asaadhaaranamaina bahubharyatvanni kaligi undhi.
maranam.
bogra 1963 janavari 23naa dhaakaalo maraninchaadu. raajakeeya nayakudu ajmal allie chaudari aakasmika maranaaniki santaapam telipaaru mariyu "teevra vicharam" vyaktam chesaaru.

