
mohammed paie vimarsalu

mohammed paie vimarsalu cree. sha. 7va sataabdam nundi unnaayi, mohammed nuu athani muslimetara arab samakaaleenulu ekeshwaravaadaanni bodhinchinanduku, mariyu arabialoni yoodu tegala vaaru baibil kathanaalu mariyu bommalanu anavasaramgaa swaadheenam chesukunnanduku mariyu yoodula vishwaasaanni dooshinchinanduku khandinchaaru. eee kaaranaala valla, madhyayuga yoodu rachayitalu saadhaaranamgaa aayananu "haa-meshugga" (, "picchivaadu" ledhaa "kaligi unnavaadu") anae avamaanakaramaina maaruperuto suuchistaaru.
madhya yugaalalo, vividha paaschaatya mariyu byzantine kraistava aalochanaaparulu muhammadnu vikrutamaina, dayaneeyamaina vyaktigaa, tappudu pravaktagaa mariyu kreestu virodhigaa kooda bhaavinchaaru, endukante athanu kraistavamatamlo tarachugaa matavisvaasaalugaa ledhaa rakshasulu kaligi unnadu. thamus aquinas vanti vaarilo kondaru, mohammed siddhaantaparamaina vishayalanu nirvahinchadam mariyu maranaanantara jeevitamlo saareeraka aanandam gurinchi ayana icchina vaagdaanaalanu vimarsinchaaru.
aadhunika vimarsalu pravaktagaa mohammed yokka chittasuddhi, athani naitikata, athani vivahalu, baanisalapai athani yajamanyam mariyu athani manasika paristhitiki sambandhinchinavi. madiinaalooni baanu khuraija tegapai dandayaatratho sahaa thana satruvulatoe vyavaharinchadamlo mohammed krooratvam mariyu krooratvaaniki paalpaddaadani kooda aaropinchabadindi.
vimarsala charitra.
prarambha madhya yugaalu.
mohammed gurinchi mottamodati document cheyabadina kraistava ghnaanam 632loe mohammed maraninchina koddikaalaanike raasina byzantine muulaala nundi udbhavinchindi. iteevala matamarpidi chesukunna kraistavulaku mariyu aneka mandhi yoodulaku madhya jarigina sambhaashana ayina "doctrina jacobi nuper baptijati" loe, oka palgonevadu thana sodarudu "saracence madhya mosapurita pravakta kanipinchaadani [ataniki] vrasadu" anie vrasadu. doctrina" loe maroka palgonevadu mohammed gurinchi ilaa samadhanamistaduhu "athanu mosam chestunnadu. pravaktalu katthi, rathamtho vastara?, anie annaru...[y] meeru maanava raktapaatam tappa aaa pravakta nundi nijam aemee kanugonaleru ". mohammed kuu maroe greeku muulam 9va sataabdapu rachayita ayina theophanes dhi confessor. mottamodati syriac muulam 7va sataabdapu rachayita zaan baar pencoy.
islaamik khalifa prarambha aadhipatyam krindaku vacchina oka kraistavudu damascusku chendina zaan (c. 676-749 AD), islam mariyu arabic gurinchi telisinavaadu. ayana pustakam "ghnaanapu founten" looni rendava adhyayam, "matavisvaasaalaku sambandhinchinadi" anae sheershikato, kraistavulu mariyu muslimla madhya varusa charchalanu andistundi. oka ariane sanyasi (bahira anie tanaku teliyadu) muhammadnu prabhaavitam chesaadani zaan paerkonnaadu mariyu rachayita islaamik siddhaantaalanu baibil nundi teesina hodgepadge tappa marokati kaadani bhaavinchaadu.
muhammadnu soochinche modati moolaalalo damascus zaan yokka "matavisvaasaalaku sambandhinchina" (peri haricione) vivaadaaspada rachana undhi, idhi greeku nundi laatinloki anuvadinchabadindi. eee manuscript loe, syrian poojaari mohammed nuu "abaddha pravakta" gaa mariyu "kreestu virodhi" gaa suuchistaadu. eee manuscript loe mohammed nuu "mamed" gaa suuchimchinatlu kondaru niroopinchaaru, conny eee adhyayananni ahlam sabahat sarididdaaru, athanu eee manuscript loe perkonna roopam μωαμεθ (mometh) anie dhruvikarinchaadu. greeku bhaashalo dhwanimu h mariyu m yokka gemination laevu kabatti idhi zaan yokka upayogaala nundi adrusyamaindi.
9va sataabdam nundi, mohammed yokka atyanta pratikuula jeevita charitralu laatinlo vrayabaddayi, cardobacu chendina alvarro aayananu kreestu virodhigaa prakatinchadam vantivi. 7va sataabdam nundi, mohammed mariyu athani paeru aneka muusapoetalatoe mudipadi unnaayi. aneka muulaalu atisayokti mariyu konnisaarlu tappudu moosapotilanu prastaavinchaayi. eee moosaposalu thoorpuna putti, paaschaatya samskrutulalo sweekarinchabaddaayi ledhaa abhivruddhi chendaayi. eee suuchanalu mohammed mariyu athani mataanni paschima deshaalaku tappudu pravakta, sarasen yuvaraju ledhaa devata, baibil mrugam, kraistavatvam nundi vacchina bhinnatvam mariyu saataanu jeevi mariyu kreestu virodhigaa parichayam cheyadamlo pradhana paatra poeshinchaayi.
madhya yugam.
12va sataabdamloo, muhammadnu kreestu vyatiraekulaku purvagaamigaa, arius varasudiga chusina puujyamaina peater, khurranu laatinloki (lexes mahumet sudoprophate) anuvadinchaalani, mohammed gurinchina samacharanni sekarinchaalani aadesinchaadu, tadwara kraistava panditulu islaamik bodhanalanu khandinchavachhu. 13va sataabdamloo european panditulu pedro pascuval, ricoldo dii monte cross, raman lull vanti vaari rachanala shreni muhammadnu kreestu virodhigaa chithreekarinchindi, islam oka kraistava mataviswaasaalamani vaadinchindi.
hossen nasser prakaram, mottamodati european saahityam tarachugaa muhammadnu pratikuulamgaa suuchistumdi. madhya yugaala airopaloni konni vidyaavantulaina vargaalaku, pradhanamgaa latin-aksharasyulaina panditulaku, mohammed gurinchi chaalaa vistrutamaina jeevitacharitraku sambandhinchina vishayalanu pondavacchu. vaaru kraistava mataparamaina vadapotha dwara jeevita charitranu ardham chesukunnaru, idhi mataparamaina musugulo sarasenlanu thana longubaatu loki mohimpajesina vyaktigaa muhammadnu chusindi. aaa kaalamlooni pramukha european saahityam muhammadnu muslimlu aaraadhinchinatlu, vigraham ledhaa anyamata devudini pooli chithreekarinchindi.
taruvaati yugaalalo, muhammadnu oka bhinnamaina vyaktigaa chudatam praarambhinchindih brunetto laatini yokka 13va sataabdapu "lii livres dow treaser" atanni maajee sanyasi mariyu cardinalga suuchistumdi, mariyu 1300la praarambhamlo vraayabadina dante yokka "daivika haasyam" (narakam, canto 28), mohammed mariyu athani alludu, aleeni "narakamlo" unchutundi, idhi vibhedaalu mariyu vibhedaala vittanaalu vesevaarilo okati, dayyaalu padepade gaayaparustaayi."
mohammed anaksharasyudu, athanu oka dhanavanthuraalaina vitantuvunu vivaham chesukunnadu, thana taruvaati jeevitamlo ataniki aneka mandhi bharyalu undevaaru, athanu oka maanava samajanni paripaalinchaadu, aneka yuddhaalalo palgonnadu, mariyu kreestu bhusambandhamaina jeevitam yokka atindriya mugimpupai kraistava vishwaasaaniki viruddhamgaa athanu oka saadhaarana vyaktigaa maraninchaadu anevi muhammadnu apakeerti cheyadaaniki upayoginchina vaadanalu. mohammed paie oka saadhaarana aaropana emitante, athanu mosagadu, athanu thana aasayaanni mariyu thana kaamanni santrupti parachadaniki, abaddhamani tanaku telisina matha bodhanalanu pracharam chesaadu.
kontamandi madhyayuga mataparamaina rachayitalu muhammadnu saataanu kaligi unnaadani, "kreestu virodhi puurvagaami" ledhaa kreestu virodhi anie chitreekarinchaaru. dante yokka daivika haasyamlo, mohammed narakam yokka enimidava vruttamlooni 9va "bolgia" loe nivasistaadu mariyu daanini vichchinnamainatluga chitreekarinchaaru; tadwara praatinidhyam vahinchina contrapaso muhammadnu oka vibhedaatmaka vyaktigaa suuchistumdi, alankaarikamgaa catholic charchi yokka sariiraanni pradarsistundi mariyu mohammed yokka sareeram aksharala gayapadinatluga chithreekarinchina vidhamgaane kraistavatvam yokka satyam yokka samagratanu raajee chestundi.
vistaaramaina arthurian chakramlo modati pustakam ayina lamselat-grail, 13va sataabdapu "estoire dell seyint grail" loe marinta saanukuula vivarana kanipistundi. pavitra grail yokka samrakshakudu arimathiaku chendina joseph yokka prayaanaalanu vivaristuu, rachayita matladutu, madhyapraachyamlo nivasinche chaalaa mandhi prajalu mohammed raaka varaku anyamatasthulu anie, ayana kraistavatvaanni teesukuraavadaaniki devudu pampina nijamaina pravaktagaa chuupabaddaadani chepparu. ayithe mohammed garvam valla devuni korikalu maari, tadwara thana anucharulanu mosam chesinappudu eee mission viphalamaindi. ayinappatikee, mohammed matam anyamatam kante chaalaa unnatamainadigaa chithreekarinchabadindi.
teliyani theedheetho kuudina andalucian manuscript "tultuseptru dii libro domni metobi", mohammed (ojim anie, hashim nundi) nuu saataanu elaa mosaginchi, asalu swachchamaina daivika prakatanalo kaltee chesado vivaristundi. arabbula aadhyaatmika vidhi gurinchi devudu aandolana chendaadani, vishwaasam nundi vaari vichalananni sarididdaalani korukunnarani katha vaadistundi. aaa taruvaata athanu sanyasi osius vaddaku oka dhoothanu pamputaadu, athanu arabbulaku bodhinchamani aadesistaadu.
ayithe osius anaaroogyaaniki gurai, badulugaa aaa dhootha aadesaalanu amalu cheyamani ojim anae yuva sanyaasini aadesistaadu. ojim thana aadesaalanu paatinchadaaniki bayaludaeraadu, conny maargamlo oka dushta dhootha aapivestaadu. agnaanamaina ojim atanni intaku mundu osiyasto maatlaadina adhe dhootha anie nammutaadu. dushta dhootha osius ojimku icchina asalu sandesaanni savarinchi, paadai, ozim mohammed anie paeru marchadu. dheeni nundi "tultuseptru" prakaram islam yokka tappudu bodhanalanu anusarinchaaru.
yoodula vimarsha.
madhya yugaalalo, yoodu rachayitalu muhammadnu "haha-meshugga" ("picchivaadu") gaa varninchadam sarvasaadhaaranam, idhi tamanu taamu pravaktalugaa vishwasinche vaariki bybillo tarachugaa upayoginche dhikkaram yokka padam.
thamus aquinas.
thamus aquinas mohammed yokka swabhaavam mariyu naitikatanu teevramgaa vimarsinchaadu, athani bodhanalu ekkuvagaa athani anaitika jeevanasailiki anugunamgaa unnayani paerkonnaadu. athanu summa contra gentileslo ilaa rasadu
"[mohammed] saareeraka aanandam yokka vaagdaanaala dwara prajalanu mohinchaadu, dheeniki maamsam yokka garbham manalanu ventaadutundi. ayana bodhanalo ayana vaagdaanaalaku anugunamgaa unde suutraalu kooda unnaayi, ayana saareeraka aanandaaniki swechchagaa niyantrana icchaadu. veetannintilo, oohinchani vidhamgaa, athanu saareeraka purushulache vidheyudayyaadu. thana siddhaantam yokka satyaaniki rujuvula vishayaanikosthe, chaalaa niraadambaramaina ghnaanam unna prati okkari sahaja saamarthyaanni grahinchagalige vaatini matrame ayana munduku teesukuvacchaaru... munupati pravaktala vaipu nundi daivika prakatanalu ataniki etuvanti sakshyanni ivvavu. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, ayana paatha, kotta nibandhanalaku sambandhinchina daadaapu anni sakshyalanu thana sonta kalpitaalugaa marchadam dwara vakreekaristaadu, idhi ayana chattanni pariseelinchae prati okkaroo chudavachu. anduvalla, eee pustakaalu atanni abaddhaaniki paalpadinatlu doshigaa nirdhaarinchakundaa, thana anucharulu paatha mariyu kotta nibandhanalanu chadavadaanni nishedhinchadam athani vaipu nundi oka telivaina nirnayam. ayana maatalalo edainaa vishwaasam unche vaaru muurkhamgaa nammutaarani eee vidhamgaa spashtamavutundi ".
valtaire.
"mahomet" (french "lae fanatisame, oo mahomet lae profet", vaachyamgaa "matabhrashtata, ledhaa mahomet pravakta") anedi 1736loe french naataka rachayita mariyu tatwavetta voltair raasina aidu-charyala vishaadam. idhi 1741 april 25naa lilliiloo thana toli pradarsana ichindi. eee natakam mohammed yokka saampradaaya jeevita charitraloni oka episode aadhaaramgaa mataparamaina matabhrashtata mariyu sweeya-sevala taarumaaru gurinchi adhyayanam, dheenilo athanu thana vimarsakulanu hatya cheyaalani aadesistaadu. voltair eee natakanni "oka tappudu mariyu anaagarikamaina saakha sthaapakudiki vyatiraekamgaa vraayabadindi, aayanaku neenu marinta yathaarthathatho tappudu pravakta krooratvam mariyu tappulapai vyangyaanni vrayagalanu" anie abhivarninchaaru.
1740loe prussiaku chendina frederic IIకి raasina lekhalo, waltair mohammed kuu "khachitamgaa yea manishi kshaminchaleni krooratvam" undani paerkonnaadu mariyu athani anucharulu andhavishwaasam mariyu ghnaanoodayam lekapovadam valla udbhavinchaarani suuchimchaadu. athanu muhammadnu chetilo katthi unna tartufga chitreekarinchaalanukunnaadu."
mallis ruthwen prakaram, islam gurinchi marinta telusukovadamto voltaire abhiprayam marinta sanukoolamgaa maarindi.
phalitamgaa, islam patla aakarshitulaina gothenu, mahomets-gessang ("mahomet yokka gaanam") anae kavitanu matrame puurti chesinappatiki, islam patla aakarshitulaina gothenu athani pustakam "matabhrashtata (mohammed pravakta)" eee amsampai oka natakam raayadaaniki prerepinchindi.
aadhunika kaalam.
prajaasvaamyaaniki viruddhamaina nammakalanu bodhinchinanduku aadhunika vimarsakulu muhammadnu vimarsinchaaru; somali-dutch streevaadi rachayita ayan hirsi allie aayananu "nirankusa" mariyu "vikruta" anie pilicharu.
neuro scientist mariyu pramukha saiddhaantika vimarsakudu saam haaris mohammed yokka udaaharananu yesu kreestu udaaharanhatho poolchaaru. athanu kreestunu "hippy" vyaktigaa pariganinchinappatikii, mohammed puurtigaa bhinnamaina paatra mariyu "islaamlo paerkonnatlugaa" vishwavyaaptamgaa saantivaadiki chendinavaadu kaadu ", conny" khadgamto vishwaasaanni vyaapti chese jayinche yuddhaveerudilo okadu "."seasure yokka" "seasure kuu ichedi" "vanti saametalu kraistavatvaaniki" "shanti kosam hetubaddhata" "nuu andistunnappatiki, ahimsanu islanku kendramgaa samarthinchadam asadhyam anie haaris paerkonnaadu". mohammed yokka udaaharana "matamarpidi, longubaatu ledhaa champadaaniki" atyavasaratanu andistundi mariyu "islam yokka pradhana suutram zihad" anie haaris chepparu."khurran pradhana dhootha gabriel chetha aadesinchabadindane mohammed vaadananu thosipuchina haaris, mohammed" "schizophrenic ayi undavacchu" "anie kooda suuchimchaadu".
american charitrakaarudu daniel pipes, "mohammed oka kotta samajanni srushtinchinanduna, daani kaaranam ayina matam daani anucharula raajakeeya avasaralanu teerchavalasi vachindi" anie paerkontuu, muhammadnu oka raajakeeyavettagaa chustadu."
2012loe nakaula basley nakaula "amayaka muslimlu", pratyamnaayamgaa "mohammed nija jeevitam", "mohammed movie trailarnu" vidudala chesaaru. vanity fair" vyaasam eee veediyoonu "asaadhaaranamaina autsaahikamainadi, bhinnamaina sambhaashanhalu, jumpy editing mariyu nissabda chitramlo kooda sraavyamgaa kanipinche pradarsanalatoe, clip muslimlanu badhapettela spashtamgaa roopondinchabadindi, muhammadnu raktapipasi hantakudigaa mariyu lothario mariyu pedophilega varninchindi."eee chitram vidudalaku pratispandistuu, muslim prapanchavyaaptamgaa paaschaatya samsthalanu himsaatmaka pradarsanalu mariyu daadulu lakshyamgaa chesukunnayi.
20va sataabdam praarambhamlo vimarsanaatmaka abhipraayaalatho sahaa mohammed gurinchi paaschaatya panditula abhiprayalu marai. 1911loe "catholic encyclopedia" loe gabriel osani mohammed judaism mariyu kraistavatvam gurinchi "asampoorna avagahana" nundi prerana pondaadani, ayithe luther mariyu muhammadnu "dushta mosagadu", "" bhayankaramaina abaddham "mariyu" uddesapurvaka mosagadu "anie piliche vaari abhiprayalu" vichakshanaarahita durviniyogam "mariyu" vaastavaala dwara maddatu laenivi "anie paerkonnaadu."badulugaa, 19va sataabdapu paaschaatya panditulu aloys sprenger, theoder noldek, gustav veyil, vilium muir, sigismund coel mariyu dii.ess. margoliat "mohammed jeevitam mariyu swabhaavam gurinchi marinta saraina mariyu nishpaakshikamaina anchanaanu maaku istundi, mariyu athani uddeshaalu, pravachanaatmaka pilupu, vyaktigata arhatalu mariyu chittasuddhi gurinchi gananeeyamgaa angeekaristundi."
ayithe, marcus devullu mariyu itarulu mohammed modata nijaayiteegaa unnaadani, conny taruvaata mosaginchaadani suuchimchaaru. coel "mohammed jeevitamlo modati kaalaaniki kii thana modati bhaarya ayina khadeejaalo" kanugontaadu, aame maranam taruvaata athanu thana "dushta korikalaku" balaipoyadu."oka kraistava mataprachaarakudu ayina shamyul marinus jewemer, mohammed jeevitaanni paatha mariyu kotta nibandhana pramaanaala dwara, athani arab deshasthula anyamata naitikata dwara, mariyu chivaraga, athanu teesukuvacchina kotta chattam dwara vimarsinchaaru. johnstone utamkistuu, jewemer thana kathinamaina teerpu "athani pedavulu mariyu pennula nundi vachhe saakshyaalapai aadharapadi undani paerkontuu muginchaadu.ii. mohammed yokka] sonta ankitabhaavangala anucharulu."
martin luther muhammadnu "deyyam mariyu saataanu modati bidda" gaa paerkonnaadu."aaa samayamlo luther yokka vimarsala praathamika lakshyam pope, mariyu luther yokka mohammed paatranu pope adhvaannamgaa unnaadani choopinchadaaniki poolika geeyadaaniki uddesinchabadindi.
loukika vimarsha.
ibn all-ravandi, all-maarii, abu isaa all-warrack vanti aneka mandhi prarambha maajee muslimlu islam, khurran yokka adhikaranni, viswasaneeyatanu, mohammed naitikatanu, pravakta anie ayana chesina vaadanalanu vimarsinchina prasiddha mataparamaina samsayavaadulu, bahuguruvulu, tatvavettalu.
khurran mohammed vimarsakulanu kooda prastaavinchindi; udaaharanaku vimarsakulu mohammed itarulu tanaku cheptunna vaatini bahirgatam chestunnarani firyadu chesaarani chepparu
aviswaasulu ilaa antaaru, "eee khurran itarula sahayamtho ayana roopondinchina kalpana tappa marokati kaadu.vaari vaadana puurtigaa anyaayamainadi mariyu asatyamainadi! mariyu vaaru ilaa antaaru, "eee prakatanalu ayana vraasina puraatana kathalu matrame, avi udayam saayantram aayanaku sadhana cheyabadataayi.anie.
hinduu vimarsha.
aarya samaz (vaeda dharmam yokka samskarana udyamam) vyavasthaapakudu dayanand saraswati thana 1875 rachana "satyarth prakash" loe koraanlooni aneka shlokaalanu utankinchi, ardham chesukuni, muhammadnu "pagnasius" gaa abhivarninchaaru."mohammed" "devuni nundi vacchina prakatanalu unnatlu natinchaadu", "mariyu" "prajalanu bandhinchadaaniki devuni paerita purushulu mariyu mahilalaku era vaesaadu" "anie ayana annaru". mohammed "kevalam baibil pratidhvani matrame chesadani" kooda ayana suuchimchaaru. saakaahaaram kaavadamtho, jantuvulanu vadhinchinanduku muhammadnu vimarsinchaaru. adanamgaa, hinduu matam nundi upavaasa paddhatini mohammed anukarinchaadani kooda saraswati aaropinchaaru.
sair-eah-dojakh" (1927), ("" narakam gundaa nadavadam "," islaamnu vimarsistuu "risala-ii-worthman" anae patrikalo prachurinchabadina vyaasam) anedi islaamik sampradaayaala prakaram swargam mariyu narakaniki mohammed yokka prayaanam ayina isra mariyu miraj gurinchi oka take. janyu tursbeache "krooramaina vyangyamgaa" varninchabadina idhi, rachayita oka marmamaina jantuvunu ekkinchi, moksham yokka rangamlo vividha hinduu mariyu sikku devatalu mariyu guruvulanu chuse oka kalanu vivarinchindi.
vivaadaaspadamaina amsaalu.
baanisala yajamanyam.
saamaajika shaastravetta rodney stark prakaram, "baanisatvam yokka naitikataku sambandhinchi muslim vedantavettalu edurkontunna praathamika samasya emitante, mohammed swayamgaa baanisalanu konugolu cheyadam, vikrayinchadam mariyu sontamgaa unchukovadam vanti karyakalapalalo nimagnamai unnadu, mariyu athani anucharulu atanni aadarsamgaa bhaavinchaaru. islaamnu kraistavatvamto puurtigaa viruddhamgaa, kraistava vedantavettalu mohammed chesinatlugaa, yesu baanisalanu kaligi unte "baanisatvaanni baibil aamodinchadam chuttoo tama marganni pani cheyaleru" anie raasaaru.
foroe jahanbaksh prakaram, mohammed baanisatvaanni nirmuulinchadaanni oka siddhaantamgaa eppuduu bodhinchaledu, ayinappatikee, athanu sataabdaala naati banisatva samsthanu niyantrinchaadu, idhi itara ekeshwaravaada mataalu, kraistava matam mariyu judaism dwara kooda aamodinchabadindi mariyu aamodinchabadindi, mariyu idhi islam puurva prapanchamlo baga sthirapadina aacharam. murre gordan prakaram, mohammed dheenini "sahaja kramamlo bhaagamgaa" chuusaaru. baanisala paristhitini meruguparichi, daya mariyu karunatho vyavaharinchamani thana anucharulanu prothsahinchi, baanisalanu vidipinchadaanni prothsahinchinappatiki, athanu ippatikee eee aacharaanni puurtigaa raddu cheyaledu.
athani aadesaalu banisaluga undagala vaarini mariyu yea paristhitulalo (muslimlanu itara muslimlanu banisaluga cheyakunda nirodhinchadamtho sahaa), baanisalanu vaari swechhanu saadhinchadaaniki anumatinchaayi mariyu baanisalanu vidipinchadam oka sadguna charyaga marchai. kontamandi baanisalu gouravapradamaina aadaayaalanu sampaadinchi, gananeeyamaina adhikaranni saadhinchaaru, ayinappatikee unnata sthaayi baanisalu ippatikee vaari yajamaanula adhikaaramlo unnaaru. athanu thana manushulu vaari baanisalanu, vaaru yuddhamlo bandhinchina vaari umpudugattelanu vivaham chesukovadanni chattabaddham chesaadu. mohammed aboo bucker, utman ibn affan vanti thana sahacharulanu baanisalanu konugolu cheyadaaniki pampevaadu. islam matamloki praarambhamlo maarina vaarilo bilal ibn raba all-habashi vanti paedalu, maajee baanisalu unnaaru.
satruvulatoe vyavaharinchadam.
madiinaalooni yoodu tegala patla mohammed "kanikaramleni" pravartana chuupimchaadani norman gaisler aaropinchaadu. mohammed kuu "rajakeeyamgaa anukuulamaina hatyala patla etuvanti dvesham ledhu", "vaagdaanaalu labhadayakamga unnatlu bhavinchinappudu vaatini ullanghinchadaaniki athanu siddhamgaa laedani" mariyu "tananu egataali chesina vaaripai prateekaara charyalo nimagnamayyaadani" kooda gisler vaadinchaaru."orientalist vilium muir, mohammed paatranu anchanaa veyadamlo, atanini krooramaina mariyu thana satruvulatoe vyavaharinchadamlo aviswaasamgaa abhivarninchaadu.
georg washington vishwavidhyaalayamlo islaamik studies professor ayina sayyad hosain nasser yoodula kathanu konchem bhinnamgaa vivarinchaaduh
arab looni madeenaa sameepamlo unna saktivantamaina yoodu kaalaneelapai mohammed varusa daadulu vaari madhya mataparamaina vibhedaala kaaranamgaa jarigaayani, odipoyina vaarini itara yuddhaalalo vilakshanhamaina sikshalaku gurichesanani zeane dii sismondi suuchimchaadu.
madeenaa yokka yoodu tegalu.
madiinaalooni yoodu tegala patla mohammed vyavaharinchinanduku islaamik prapancham velupala tarachugaa vimarsinchabaddaadu. madiinaalooni yoodu tega baanu khuraija purushulanu saamuhikamgaa champadam oka udaaharana. 627loe kandaka yuddhamlo madeenaa muttadi chestunna satruvulatoe eee tega rajadroham oppandaalalo nimagnamaindani aaropinchabadindi.
chaalaa vaaraala paatu konasagina muttadi tarvaata longipoyina kontamandi 600-700 thala narikiveyadaanni mohammed aamodinchaadani, kondaru 800-900 anie cheppaarani ibn ishaq raasaaru. (bukhaareeni kooda chudandi) (khurran eee yuddhanni padyaalalo charchistundani, vaaru madeenaa market pradaesamloe saamuuhika samaadhilo khananam cheyabaddaarani, mahilalu, pillalanu banisaluga vikrayinchaarani yousuf allie paerkonnaadu.
norman stillman prakaram, eee sanghatananu prastuta naitika pramaanaala dwara anchanaa veyalemu. dutenu udaharinchaaru. 20:13-14 udaaharanaku, vayojana purushulanu vadhinchadam mariyu mahilalu mariyu pillalanu banisaluga cheyadam-etuvanti sandeham lekunda teevramaina badhanu kaliginchinappatikii-puraatana prapanchavyaaptamgaa saadhaarana paddhatigaa undindi anie stillman paerkonnaadu. rudy paret prakaram, eee sanghatana taruvaata kante, muttadi samayamlo konni kharjura arachetulanu kattirinchinappudu pratikuula prajabhiprayam mohammed kuu aandolana kaliginche amsam. mohammed kaalamlo, desadrohini uriteesaarani, bybillo ilanti paristhitulanu suuchimchaarani kooda esposito vaadinchaaru. mohammed prerana jaathi ledhaa vedaantaparamainadi kaadani, raajakeeyamainadani esposito chepparu; athanu arabialo muslim aadhipatyaanni mariyu palananu sthaapinchadaaniki prayatnistunnatlu chepparu.
kontamandi charitrakaarulu, W.enn. arafat mariyu barakat ahmed eee sanghatana yokka chaaritrakatanu vyatiraekimchaaru. tegaloni pramukha sabhyulu matrame champabaddaarani ahmed vaadinchaaru. malik ibn anas mariyu ibn hazar vruttaamtaala aadhaaramgaa arafat vaadistuu, ibn ishaq khuraija yoodula vaarasula nundi samacharanni sekarinchaadani, vaaru sanghatana vivaraalanu atisayoktigaa chepparu. vayojana purushulandaruu champabadaledani, yuddhamlo nijamgaa pooraadina vaaru matrame champabaddaarani kooda ayana paerkonnaaru, ayithe, vilium montgomeri vaat eee vaadananu "puurtigaa nammadaginadi kaadu" anie abhivarninchaaru."
rabbi shamyul rosenblat mohammed vidhanalu yoodulaku vyatiraekamgaa pratyaekamgaa nirdesinchabadaledani (yoodu thegalatho athani vibhedaalanu suuchistuu) mariyu mohammed thana anyamata arab bandhuvulatho marinta teevramgaa undevaadani cheppadu.
kenana ibn all-robby maranam.
oka kathanam prakaram, khaibar anie piluvabade yoodula sthaavaram yokka chivari kotanu mohammed swaadheenam chesukunna taruvaata, athani manushulu, kinana ibn all-robby anie piluvabade yoodula adhipatini, daachina nidhi yokka sthaanaanni bahirgatam cheyamani mohammed koraru. athanu niraakarinchinappudu, mohammed oka vyaktini kinananu himsimchamani aadesinchaadu, mariyu aaa vyakti "athanu daadaapu chanipoye varaku thana chaatiipai chapalamu mariyu ukkutho mantanu veliginchaadu."appudu kinana sirachchaedam cheyabaddaadu, mariyu mohammed thana yuva bhaarya safiyanu umpudugattegaa teesukunnadu.
vimarsakulu eee sanghatanalanu, mukhyamgaa kinana himsa kathanu, mohammed paatrapai maroe macchagaa bhaavistaaru. vilium muir vanti, kinana himsa gurinchi charchinchina kontamandi paaschaatya panditulu, saadhaaranamgaa katha yokka praamaanikatanu prasninchaledu. muslimlu saadhaaranamgaa eee sanghatananu vyatiraekistaaru. idhi yoodula muulaala nundi ibn ishaq vinna maroe katha anie kondaru paerkontuu, daani praamaanikatapai sandehaalu vyaktam chesaaru. marikondaru kinana yuddhamlo champabaddadani, ennadoo bandeegaa teesukoledani vaadistaaru.
mohammed yokka vivahalu.
paschimaana mohammed paie prajaadarana pondina chaaritraka vimarsalalo okati athani bahubhaaryaatva vivahalu. american charitrakaarudu zaan esposito prakaram, semitic samskrutulu saadhaaranamgaa bahubharyatvanni anumatinchaayi (udaaharanaku, eee abhyasanni baibil mariyu post baibil judayijamlo chudavachu); idhi mukhyamgaa arabbulalo, mukhyamgaa prabhuvulu mariyu naayakulalo oka saadhaarana abhyasam.
mohammed thana 25 samvatsaraala vayassulo khadija (40 samvatsaraala vayassu gala vitantuvu) nuu vivaham chesukunnadani, aame chanipoye varaku 24 samvatsaraalaku paiga aametho ekaswaamyamgaa unnaadani muslimlu tarachugaa etthi chuupaaru. mohammed thana naluguru bhaaryala parimitini itara purushulaku prakatinchadaaniki niraakarinchinanduna, norman gaisler mohammed vivahalanu naitika asthirata prasnagaa paerkonnaadu. naluguru bhaaryala parimiti mohammed kuu vartinchadani perkondi.
mohammed vivahalu praapanchika korikalu ledhaa kaamaalanu teerchadaaniki nirvahinchabadaledani, conny avi unnata prayojanam kosam mariyu devuni aadesam kaaranamgaa jarigaayani muslimlu saadhaaranamgaa pratispandinchaaru. madhyayuga suufii, ibn arabi, mohammed thana bhaaryalatho unna sambandhaalanu purushulalo athani aadhipatyaaniki rujuvugaa chustadu. arab nayakula madhya raajakeeya pottulanu patishtam cheyadam mariyu rakshana avasaramayye poraatamlo maraninchina sahacharula vitantuvulanu vivaham chesukovadam vanti aneka prayojanaalaku bahubhaaryaatvam upayogapadindani zaan esposito paerkonnaadu.
islaamik chattaniki viruddhamgaa, mohammed thana bharyalanu asamanamga chuusaadani aaropinchabadindi. athanu thana sajeeva bhaaryalalo aaishaaku spashtamgaa anukuulamgaa unnaadani aaropinchabaddadu, khadijanu mottam meeda thana uttama bharyaga paerkonnaadu mariyu islamikga asamaanamaina paddhatiloo thana bhaaryalatho sahajeevanam cheyadaaniki khurran pampineeni kaligi unnadu. eee charyalu athani bhaaryalalo asuya mariyu vibhedaalanu srushtinchaayi mariyu "bahula bharyalaku samanamga pariganinchalekapovadaanni bhartala asamarthatanu vivaristaayi."
aisha.
saampradaaya aadhaaraala prakaram, aisha mohammed thoo nischitaartham jariginappudu aaru ledhaa edu samvatsaraala vayassulo undhi, aame tommidi ledhaa padhi samvatsaraala vayassuku cherukunnappudu vivaham puurtayimdi. aisha mariyu aame sodari asma madhya vayassu vyatyaasam gurinchi hadis vanti itara samachara vanarula aadhaaramgaa aisha vayassunu lekkinche kontamandi aadhunika muslim rachayitalu, aame vayassu padamudu ellu paibadindani mariyu aame vivaham samayamlo 18 ledhaa 19 samvatsaraalu ayi undavacchani anchanaa vestunnaru. iravayyava sataabdam praarambhamlo, kraistava vivaadavaadulu mariyu praachyavaadulu oka chinna ammayini vivaham chesukunnanduku, mohammed yokka vichakshana laingikatagaa bhaavinchina daanipai daadi chesaaru; harway nucumb mariyu david shamyul margoliat vanti vaari nundi teevramaina khandanalu vachayi, itarulu telikapaativaaru, "ushnamandala vaedi" "arabia baalikalanu chinna vayassulone elaa parinati chendindo vivarinchadaaniki enchukunnaaru. valasarajyala prabhutvaalu sammati vayassunu niyantrinchadaaniki prayatninchaayi mariyu saampradaaya nyaya vyavasthalatho (sharia modalainavi) vibhedinchaayi.), muslim samaajaala venukabatutanaanni mariyu samskaranala patla vaari mounaanni vivarinchadamlo vivaha samayamlo aisha vayassu gurinchi suuchanalu aarkaivlalo vistarinchaayi. chaalaa mandhi muslimlu saamskrutika saapekshavaadam, vivaham yokka raajakeeya koonaalu, aisha yokka "asaadhaaranamaina lakshanaalu" modalaina vatiki praadhaanyatanistuu saampradayakamgaa aamodinchabadina aisha vayassunu teevramgaa samarthinchaaru.egyptulo abbas mahmoud all-akkhad mariyu itarulu-kontamandi tama matrubhumi loe saamaajika samskarana saadhanamgaa ledhaa vividha prekshakulaku kevalam pracharam chestu, vayassunu tirigi lekkinchi, kaumaradasa chivarilo daanni parishkarinchadaaniki enchukunnaaru. 
iravayyava sataabdam chivaralo mariyu iravayyava sataabdam praarambhamlo, aisha vayassu vivaadavaadula saadhanamgaa marindi pedophilia aaropanalu mohammed meeda nirdesinchabaddaayi-roganirdhaarana vargamgaa kaadu, chedu yokka atyunnata vargamgaa-muslim samajalalo baalya vivahala praabalyam ekkuvagaa unnatlu telustondi.
jayanab bint jaash.
paaschaatya vimarsalu mukhyamgaa mohammed thana kumarudiga dattata teesukunna maajee baanisa ayina zaid ibn harita vidaakulu teesukunna bhaarya ayina thana modati bandhuvu jainab bint jashto mohammed vivaham chesukovadampai drushti saarinchaayi. all-vaakidi nundi teesukunna tabari prakaram, katha prakaram "oka roeju mohammed zaid kosam vetukutuu bayataku vellaadu. talupupai ventrukala kappa undedi, conny gaali aaa kappunu paiki lepi, dwaaram velikiteesindi. jainab aame gadilo, dustulu dharinchi, aame patla unna prasamsa pravakta hrudayamloki pravesinchindi. aaa taruvaata allah aamenu zaid patla aakarshanheeyam kanivadiga chesi, athanu jainab nundi vidaakulu teesukunnadu."
curran armstrang yokka 2006loe mohammed jeevita charitra dheenini sandarbhochitamgaa vivaristundihi "oka pavitramaina mahila, [jainab] naipunhyam kaligina tholu karmikudu mariyu thana kala nundi vachhe mottam aadaayaanni paedalaku ichindi. mohammed aamenu kotta kallatho chusinatlu mariyu oka madhyahnam aame intiki velli bayata unna zayed thoo maatlaadataaniki phone chesinappudu akasmaattugaa premalo paddatlu telustondi. sandarsakulu evaruu vastaarani asinchakunda, jainab saadhaaranam kante ekkuva bahirangamgaa dustulu dharinchi, dishabillelo talupu vaddaku vacchaadu, mariyu mohammed thana kallanu tondaragaa tappinchukunnadu, 'prasamsalu allah, athanu purushula hrudayaalanu maarustaadu!'"
vilium montgomeri vaat prakaram, jainab swayamgaa mohammed thoo vivaham kosam panicheestuu undedi mariyu zaid thoo vivaham chesukovadam santoshamgaa ledhu. vaat all-vaakidi vivarinchina kathapai kooda sandehaanni vyaktam chestaadu mariyu daanini "uppu dhaanyamtho" teesukoovaali anie paerkonnaadu."vaat prakaram, aaa samayamlo jainab vayassu muppai aidu ledhaa muppai enimidi samvatsaraalu mariyu zaid lenappudu jainabto mohammed jarigina sanghatananu vivarinchina all-vaakidi modatlo vivarinchina katha prasaara samayamlo taarumaaru cheyabadi undavacchu.
mazeruddin siddikhi prakaram, jaayidto aame vivaahaaniki mundu mohammed bandhuvugaa jayanabnu athanu chalasarlu chushadu. siddikhi ilaa perkonnaduh "athanu [mohammed] aamenu intaku mundu chalasarlu chushadu, conny aame saareeraka soundaryam patla eppuduu aakarshinchabadaledu, lekapothe athanu aamenu vivaham chesukuntu undevaadu, aame jaidnu vivaham chesukovalani pattubattadaaniki badulu."
mohammed swaleh awadh raasina "allah dhootha bharyalu" anae pustakam yokka aangla anuvaadam, hizra aidava samvatsaramlo, dull khaadaalo aame muhammadnu vivaham chesukundani perkondi. jainab mohammed dattata teesukunna kumarudi bhaarya kabatti, islam puurva acharalu pravakthatho aame vivahanni vyatiraekimchaayi. arab samajam eee kalayikanu chaalaa tappugaa bhaavinchi untundi; endukante dattata teesukunna kumarudu nijamgaa "kumarudu" anie vaaru bhaavinchaaru, oka purushudu thana dattata teesukunna koduku bharyanu vivaham chesukovadam-aame vidaakulu teesukunnappatiki-tappugaa pariganinchabadindi.
eee vivahanni madiinaaku chendina munafiq luu rendu rangaalalo muhammadnu apakeerti parachadaniki upayoginchaaru, aame athani aidava bhaarya ayinanduna dwandwa pramaanaalalo okati, migilina prati okkaroo naaluguku parimitam cheyabaddaaru, mariyu athani dattata teesukunna koduku bharyanu vivaham chesukunnaru. idhe mohammed bhayapaddadu mariyu modatlo aamenu vivaham chesukovadaniki sankochinchaadu. ayithe, eee vivaham chellubaatu avtundani khurran dhruveekarinchindi. aaa vidhamgaa khurran paie thana vishwaasampai nammakamtho unna mohammed, prastuta arabic nibandhanalanu tiraskarinchadaaniki munduku sagaru. aame vidaakula nundi jainab vechi unna kaalam puurtayinappudu, mohammed aamenu vivaham chesukunnadu. eee sanghatana gurinchi ilaa chebutondih
eee padyam prakatinchina taruvaata, dattata teesukunna kumaarula bharyalanu vivaham chesukovadampai unna arabic nibandhanalanu mohammed tiraskarinchaadu, idhi arabbulalo chaalaa tappugaa mariyu vivaahetara sambandham kaligi unnatlu pariganinchabadindi. aaa taruvaata dattata yokka chattaparamaina sthithi islam prakaram gurtinchabadaledu. zaid tirigi "zaid ibn mohammed" kuu badulugaa "zaid ibn harita" anae thana asalu paerutoe piluvabaddadu.
praachyavaadulu mariyu vimarsakulu eee suuraanu devuni chittam kante mohammed yokka sonta kaamanni mariyu laingika korikalanu pratibimbimchae sweeya-seva prakatanaku udaaharanagaa suuchimchaaru.
mataparamaina samanvayavaadam mariyu raajee.
zaan masson neel (1818-1866) mohammed thana anucharulanu prothsahinchaadani aaropinchaadu, athanu prati okkariki edho okadaanni andinche nammakaala misramam nundi islaamnu nirminchaadani vaadinchaadu.
thamus patrick hugs (bii. 1838) huzz mohammed yokka ekeshwaravaada suutraalu mariyu arabia anyamatam madhya sahetukamaina raajeeni suuchistumdani vaadinchaaru.
georg washington vishwavidhyaalayamlo islaamik studies professor nasser ilaa perkonnaduh 
muslimlu kaanivaaru mohammed "anyamatam nundi konni vishayalanu sweekarinchi, aapai mana kosam thana sonta rendu sentlanu jodinchaarani" viswasistunnappatiki, badulugaa mohammed islaamik pravakta ibraheem yokka asalu bodhanalanu punarutthaanam chesaadani, taruvaata arabialo anyamataanni pravesapettina amar ibn luhai anae vyakti yokka islaamik kathanaanni utamkistuu, muslimlu kaanivaaru paerkonnaaru. mohammed ibn abad allah azraki thana pustakam "kitab akhbar makka" paerutoe kathanu prastaavinchaadu.""
manasika mariyu vaidya paristhiti.
prerana pondina kshanaallo mahmadku rahasyamaina muurchalu vachinatlu nivedinchabadindi. phillip shaff (1819-1893) prakaram, thana velladinchina samayamlo mohammed "konnisaarlu ontela kekalu vaestuu, notilo nurugu vesi, chematatho pravahistuu undevaadu."islam encyclopedia off islaamlo islaamik studies pandithudaina welch, eee kshanaallo mohammed paristhiti yokka graphic vivaranalu nijamainaviga pariganhinchabadataayani, endukante vaatini taruvaati muslimlu kanugone avakaasam ledhu.
welch prakaram, eee muurchalu mohammed yokka prerana yokka atimaanava muulaaniki athani chuttoo unna prajalaku atyanta nammadagina saakshyamgaa undaali. itarulu eee muurchalaku pratyaamnaaya vivaranalanu sweekarinchaaru mariyu athanu oka bhavishyavaani ledhaa maantrikudu anie paerkonnaaru. mohammed tananu taanu pravaktagaa chudatam praarambhinchadaaniki mundu ituvanti anubhavalu kaligi unnara ledhaa anedi anischitamgaa undani, alaa ayithe, aayanaku enthakaalam ituvanti anubhavalu unnayo anie welch paerkonnaadu.
tenkin prakaram, "muurcha" muurchalu mahammadku modati aapaadimpu 8va sataabdapu byzantine charitrakaarudu theophanes nundi vachindi, athanu mohammed bhaarya "goppa santatiki chendinanduna, atuvanti vyaktitoe mudipadi undatampai chaalaa badhapaddanani, athanu paedavaadu matrame kaadu muurcha kooda."madhya yugaalalo, muurchatoe badhapaduthunna vaari gurinchi saadhaarana avagahana apavitramainadi mariyu nayam cheyaleni durbharamainadi, vaaru deyyam kaligi undavacchu. islam mariyu kraistava matam madhya raajakeeya satrutvam madhya yugaala antataa muurcha aaropana konasaagadaaniki dohadapadindi. kraistava mantri arch deacon humphrey pridox mohammed darsanaala gurinchi eee krindi vivarana ichchaaru
 athanu gabriel anae dhootha nundi thana velladinchina vishayaalannintinii sweekarinchinatlu natinchaadu, mariyu athanu
vaatini aayanaku appaginchadaaniki uddesapurvaka devuni nundi pampabaddaadu. mariyu athanu anaaroogyaaniki gurainappudu, atanipai saripoye pratisaaree, athanu daanini oka transga natinchaadu, mariyu gabriel anae dhootha tanaku konni velladulatho devuni nundi vacchaadani.
kontamandi aadhunika paaschaatya panditulu kooda mohammed yokka aakramanala gurinchi anumaanaaspada abhiprayanni kaligi unnaaru. fraank aarr. mohammed mantraala gatipai chetana niyantrana kaligi unnaadani, mataparamaina bhramalo unnatlu natinchagaladani freeman paerkonnaadu."pantommidava sataabdamloo, islam ikapai paaschaatya samaajaaniki raajakeeya ledhaa sainika muppuga lenanduna, muurcha gurinchina avagahanalu maarinanduna, muurchatoe vedaanta mariyu naitika anubandhalu tolaginchabaddaayi; muurcha ippudu vaidya rugmatagaa pariganinchabadindi. pantommidava sataabdapu orientalist margoliat mohammed muurchatoe baadhapadutunnaadani, appudappudu kooda daanini prabhavam kosam nakileega upayoginchaadani paerkonnaadu.
muurcha vyaadhi vachhe pramaadaalu ledhaa "utpreraka picchitanam yokka paroxism" kuu mohammed velladinchina kaaranaalanu sprenger aapaadistundi."shaff drushtilo, mohammed yokka" "prarambha mariyu tarachugaa muurchalu" "athani velladimpulapai kontha velugunichaayi"."19va sataabdapu atyanta prasiddha muurcha, fyodar dastayevsky (1821-1881) muurcha daadulu sphuurtidaayakamaina lakshanaanni kaligi unnayani raasaaru; avi" "bhavodvega aatmaasrayatvaaniki atyunnatamaina uchchaarana" "anie ayana annaru, dheenilo samayam nilabadi untundi". thana sonta daadulu mohammed chesina daadulatoe samanamga unnayani dastayevsky perkonnaduh "bahusha adhi entha kshanamlo jarigindante, muurchaku guraina mahomat matladutu, thana kunda neetitho nindipoyi khaalii kaavadaaniki patte daanikante takkuva samayamlone allah nivaasa sthalaalannintini sandarsinchinatlu cheppadu."
mohammed manastatvasaastram yokka abhipraayaalanu charchinche oka vyaasamlo, franz bull (1903) "unmaada swabhaavaalu asaadhaaranamaina kashtalanu mariyu tarachugaa asatyaanni mariyu satyaanni vaeru cheyadamlo puurti asamarthatanu kanugontaayi" anie gamaninchinatlu chebutaaru, mariyu idhi "pravakta jeevitamlo vintha asthiratalanu ardham chesukovadaniki surakshitamaina maargam" anie bhaavinchaaru."adhe vyaasamlo dunken block mcdonald (1911)" "pravakta jeevitam gurinchi phalavantamaina daryaaptu (cheyali) athanu praathamikamgaa oka rogalakshana kesu anae oohapai konasaagaali" "anae abhipraayamtho ghanata pondaadu"."
islam yokka aadhunika paaschaatya panditulu muurcha nirdhaarananu tiraskarinchaaru. mohammed muurchanu pariganinche vaaru anni rakaala pakshika spruha mariyu trans-lanty sthithulanu, appudappudu spruha kolpovadam mariyu muurcha daadula vanti paristhitulanu parigananaloki teesukoovaalani vaadistuu prerepita sthithi anedi rogalakshana siddhaantam anae aalochananu taar andrey tiraskarinchaaru. andrey ilaa vraasaaru, "muurcha antey saareeraka mariyu manasika aarogyaaniki teevramaina parinaamaalanu kaligi unna teevramaina daadulanu matrame soochinchadam, appudu mohammed muurchatoe baadhapadutunnaadane prakatnanu gattiga tiraskarinchaali."seasure faraa suuchistuu," 19va sataabdamloo vaidya manastatvasaastram yokka saastriiyamgaa uparitala siddhaantaalapai moham kaaranamgaa eee suuchanalu vachayi."islam encyclopedia" loe, ituvanti aaropanalu madhyayuga european kraistava vivaadaaniki oka vilakshanhamaina lakshanamani perkondi.
mohammed yokka paristhitulu muurcha kante aneka mandhi aadhyaatmikulalo kanipinche vidhamgaane unde avakaasam undani maxim radinson chepparu. fazlur rehmann eee krindi kaaranaala valla muurcha vyaadhi vachhe avakaasaanni khandinchadu mohammed paristhiti 40 samvatsaraala vayassulo athani vrutti jeevitamto praarambhamavutundi; sampradaayam prakaram muurchalu "sthiramgaa" bahirgatamto mudipadi untaayi mariyu eppuduu swayamgaa jaragavu. chivaraga, makka ledhaa madeenaa vanti adhunaatana samajam muurchanu spashtamgaa mariyu khachitamgaa gurtinchi undavacchu.
vilium montgomeri vaat kooda muurcha nirdhaaranatoo ekibhavincharu, "atuvanti abhipraayaaniki nijamaina aadharalu laevu."vivaristuu, muurcha saareeraka mariyu manasika ksheenataku daariteestundani, mohammed loe daaniki sankethaalu levani ayana chepparu."appudu athanu marinta munduku velli, mohammed saadhaaranamgaa maanasikamgaa aarogyamgaa undevaadani perkonnaduh" athanu (mohammed) thana jeevitaantam varaku thana saamardhyaalanu puurtigaa kaligi unnadu."muurcha, ledhaa unmaadam, ledhaa niyantrinchaleni bhavodvegalaku guraina vyakti sainika dandayaatralaku churukaina nayakudu kaavacchu, ledhaa nagara-rashtram mariyu perugutunna mataparamaina samaajaaniki challani dooradarsitva margadarshi kaavacchu; conny idantaa mohammed anie manaku telusu."
sayyad hussen nasser prakaram, mohammed yokka nyaayabaddhata mariyu nyayam yokka bhaavam, pravakta-hodha gurinchi ayana vaadanaku mundhe, prajalu aayananu all-ameen, viswasaneeya vyakti anie pilicheevaaru.
fraank aarr. muurchanu tiraskarinchadamlo mohammed yokka aadhunika jeevitacharitrakaarulu icchina paina perkonna kaaranaalu muurcha yokka vividha rakaala gurinchi vistrutamaina apohala nundi vachayani freeman (1976) bhaavistaadu. thana bhedaatmaka roganirdhaaranalo, freeman schizophrenic bhraantulu, bhraantulanu kaliginche padaarthaalu, taatkaalika ischemic daadulu, hypoglycemia, labrinthetis, maniers vyaadhi ledhaa itara lopali chevi vyaadhulu kaligina mokkalanu tinna tarvaata sambhavinche mandula-prerita manasika maarpulanu tiraskaristaadu.
chivariki, mana shaastreeya mariyu chaaritraka ghnaanam lekapovadam nissandehamaina nirnayaanni asadhyamga chesinappatiki, evarainaa roganirdhaarana cheyavalasi vasthe, taatkaalika lobe muurcha yokka psychomotor muurchalu atyanta samarthaneeyamainavi anie freeman vaadinchaaru. freeman eee rooga nirdhaaranaku maddatu ichhe mariyu vyatirekinche aadhaaraalanu udaharinchaaru. chivariki, vaidya roganirdhaarana mohammed yokka naitika sandesaanni vismarinchakuudadani freeman etthi chuupaaru, endukante idhi asaadhaarana manasika sthithilo unna vyaktitoe devudu sambhashinche avakaasam unnanta, bahusha ekkuva avakaasam undhi.
muslim drukkonam nundi, bahirgatam samayamlo mohammed manasika sthithi pratyekamainadi mariyu anduvalla vaidya ledhaa shaastreeya charchaku anukuulamgaa ledani freeman chepparu. freeman yokka vyaasam, gm kuu pratispandanagaa. ess. aneka mataparamaina drugvishayaalaku shaastreeya vivaranalu levani, mohammed sandesam psychomotor muurchala phalitamgaa unte, adhe praatipadikana moshe mariyu yesu sandesam psychomotor muurchala phalitamgaa untundani vaadistuu muslim neurologist ayina megahead eee kathanaanni vimarsinchaaru. dheeniki pratispandanagaa, muurcha gurinchi saadhaarana apohalaku atuvanti pratikuula praticharyalanu freeman thana vyaasaaniki avamaanakaramaina paristhitigaa aapaadinchaadu. seyint yokka sphuurtidaayakamaina mantraalapai oka vyaasam raayaalani taanu yochistunnanani freeman chepparu. paal, conny atuvanti apohala uniki atanni raddu cheyadaaniki kaaranamaindi.
nirlakshyam cheyabadina vaarasatvam.
mohammed thana pravaktrutva samayamlo aneka lopalaku vimarsinchabaddaaduh athanu thana taruvaata ravalsina vyakti, empika prakriya ledhaa samsthanu spashtamgaa mariyu nirvivaadamgaa prakatinchadamlo viphalamai thana maranam taruvaata muslim samajanni naayakatvam lekunda mariyu vibhajinchabaddaadu, khurranu khachitamaina grandhamlo sekarinchadamlo viphalamayyaadu (taruvaata utman yokka khalifa samayamlo saadhinchaadu), mariyu athanu thana bhavishyavaani sampradaayaanni sekarinchi krodikarinchadamlo viphalamayyaadu, eee panini taruvaata 8va mariyu 9va sataabdaalaloo panditulu chepattaru mariyu islam bodhanalaku rendava athi mukhyamaina vanarugaa maarindi.
sunni mariyu shiya muslimla abhiprayam prakaram, makka thana chivari teerthayaatra nundi tirigi vachhe maargamlo, mohammed gadir khumm anae pradaesamloe aagipoyi, thana chivari veelunama mariyu athani vaaleeni amalu chese vyaktigaa thana bandhuvu aleeni niyaminchaadu. valii anae padaanni sunni mariyu shiya muslimlu bhinnamgaa ardham chesukunnaru. aaa pradaesamloe aleeni thana varasulaga mahmad niyaminchaadani shiya nammutaadu. mohammed ahl all-beith, mohammed yokka hadeesulu sekarinchevaaru mariyu prasarakulu mariyu khurran yokka viswasaneeya vyaakhyaatalu anie kooda shiya nammutaaru.
girijanavaadam.
muslimlanu thana taruvaata thana sonta khuraish tega sabhyudu saasvatamgaa paalinchaalani perkonadam dwara, matam yokka pratyakshamgaa samanatva suutraalaku viruddhamgaa, mohammed islaamik kuleenatvaanni srushtinchaadani aaropinchabadindi. eee lekkalo, athanu thana sonta kutumbam mariyu vaarasulu (ahlul bayt mariyu sayyidlu), taruvaata thana vamsam (baanu hashim) taruvaata tega (khuraish) thoo vaarasatvamgaa unnatavargaanni pravesapettaadu.
mohammed vyaktigata preranalapai vimarsalu.
19va sataabdam mariyu 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo.
vilium muir, 19va sataabdapu aneka itara panditula maadirigaane, mohammed jeevitaanni rendu kalaluga vibhajinchaaru-makka mariyu madeenaa. [mohammed] jeevitamlooni makka kaalamlo khachitamgaa vyaktigata lakshyalu ledhaa anarhamaina uddeshaalu kanipinchavu" anie ayana nokkichepparu, aayananu manchi vishwaasangala vyaktigaa mariyu nijamaina samskartagaa chithrinchaaru. ayithe, muir prakaram, "hizra" tarvaata anthaa maaripoyindi. "akkada [madeenaa loe] loukika shakti, vruddhi, sweeya santrupti pravakta jeevitamlooni goppa lakshyamtho vaegamgaa kalisipoyayi, mariyu avi oke sadhanam dwara vetakabaddaayi mariyu saadhinchabaddaayi."appati nundi, itara paapaalato paatu, mahilala patla kaamanni mariyu satruvulapai prateekaaraanni samarthinchadaaniki mohammed" "swargam nundi sandeshaalanu" "tayaaru chesaadani ayana aaropinchaadu".
phillip shaff "thana jeevitapu prarambha bhaagamlo athanu [mohammed] nijaayiteegala samskarta mariyu autsaahikudu, conny thana rajyam sthaapinchabadina taruvaata vijayam kosam aasayaala baanisa" anie paerkonnaadu mariyu atanni "indriya abhiruchi yokka baanisa" gaa varninchaadu."vilium seyint. mohammed thana sonta korikalanu samardhinchukovadaaniki velladinchina vishayalanu kanipettaarani clair tisdall kooda aaropinchaaru.
dii.ess. 19va sataabdapu maroe panditudu margoliouth, muhammadnu eee roeju mosapurita madhyamalu upayoginche saanketikatalato thana anucharulanu mosam chesina charlatonga chustadu. mohammed thana mataparamaina chittasuddhini nakilee chesadani, naatakamlo oka manishila devuni nundi vacchina dhootha paatranu pooshinchaadani, aadhyaatmikata yokka bhraantini srushtinchadaaniki thana pradarsanalanu sardubaatu chesaadani ayana oka abhiprayanni vyaktam chesaaru. ibn ishaq yokka prasiddha jeevitacharitralo velladinchina vidhamgaa margoliouth mohammed paatranu pratyaekamgaa vimarsinchaadu, idhi muslimlu daanini satruvu rachanaluga kottipareyaleru kabatti pratyaekamgaa chebutundani athanu bhavistaduh
20va sataabdam chivarilo.
vilium montgomeri vaat mariyu richard bell prakaram, iteevali rachayitalu saadhaaranamgaa mohammed uddeshapoorvakamgaa thana anucharulanu mosam chesadane aalochananu thosipuchaaru, mohammed "puurtigaa nijaayiteegaa unnadu mariyu puurti manchi vishwaasamtho vyavaharinchaadu" anie vaadinchaaru. nasser prakaram, 
aadhunika loukika charitrakaarulu saadhaaranamgaa mohammed tanaku velladinchinatlu nivedinchina sandeshaalu "athani apasmaraka sthithi, athanilo saamuuhika apasmaraka sthithi paniteeru ledhaa edainaa daivika muulam nundi" vachaya anae prasnaku samadhanam ivvadaaniki niraakaristaaru, ayithe aaa vishayam "athani chetana manassuku minchinadi" anie vaaru angeekaristaaru."chittasuddhi anedi neerugaa khachitatvanni suuchimchadani vaat chepparu samakaaleena paramgaa, mohammed thana apasmaraka sthithilo unna daivika prakatnanu porapaatu chesi undavacchu. vilium montgomeri vaat ilaa perkonnaduh
rudy paret angeekaristuu, "mohammed mosagadu kaadu" anie vraastuu, welch kooda "mohammed jeevitamlo nijamgaa saktivantamaina amsam mariyu athani asaadhaarana vijayaniki avasaramaina clue modati nundi chivari varaku athanu devuniche piluvabaddadane athani achanchalamaina nammakam" anie paerkonnaadu. ituvanti nammakam, okasari drudhamgaa sthirapadina tarvaata, konchem kooda sandehaanni angeekarinchadu, itarulapai lekkinchaleni prabhavanni chooputundi. devuni chittaanni amalu chese vyaktigaa ayana munduku vacchina khachitatvam, ayana matalaku, saasanaalaku chivaraku balavantapu adhikaranni ichindi."
maroka aadhunika charitrakaarudu bernard levis, muhammadnu sweeya-korukune mosagaadugaa saadhaarana paaschaatya madhyayuga drukpathampai vyaakhyaanistuu, ilaa perkonnaduh
mohammed madiinaaku valasa vacchina tarvaata athani naitika pravartana ksheeninchindani vaat tiraskarinchaadu. anni adhikaralu avineetini kaligistaayi, sampoorna adhikaram puurtigaa avineetini kaligistundi" anae suutraanni chaalaa sulabhamgaa upayoginchadam meeda idhi aadharapadi untundi anie ayana vaadinchaaru. vaat madeenaa kaalamlo jarigina sanghatanalanu "mohammed thana aadarsaalaku anugunamgaa jeevinchadamlo etuvanti vaiphalyam ledhu mariyu athani naitika suutraala nundi etuvanti lopam ledhu" anie gurtinche vidhamgaa vivarinchaadu."

