
autsaahika telescope tayari

autsaahika telescope tayari anedi chellimpu nipunulugaa kakunda, telescopelanu oka abhiruchiga nirminche charya. autsaahika telescope tayaareedaarulu (konnisaarlu atmlu anie pilustaaru) saanketika savaalunu vyaktigatamgaa aasvaadinchadaaniki, chavakaina ledhaa vyaktigatamgaa anukuuleekarinchina telescopenu pondadaaniki ledhaa khagola shaastra rangamlo parisoedhanaa saadhanamgaa tama parikaraalanu nirmistaaru. autsaahika telescope tayaareedaarulu saadhaaranamgaa autsaahika khagola shaastra rangamlo oka upa-samuuham.
prarambhalu.
galileo gaeley khagola upayogam kosam dutch aavishkarananu sweekarinchinappati nundi, khagola telescope tayari anedi abhivruddhi chendutunna vibhagam. galileo kaalam taruvaata chaalaa mandhi khagola saastravettalu avasaranni drushtilo unchukuni tama sonta telescopelanu nirminchukunnaaru, ayithe vaari sonta aanandam mariyu vidya kosam telescopelanu nirminche kshetra autsaahikula raaka 20va sataabdamloo praamukhyata santharinchukunnatlu telustondi.
aadhunika saamuhikamgaa utpatti cheyabadina telescopela raakaku mundu, oka niraadambaramaina parikaram dhara kooda tarachugaa autsaahika khagola saastravettaku minchinadi. pariseelanaku tagina telescopenu pondadaaniki mea swantamgaa nirminchukovadame ekaika aardhika paddhati. airish telescope tayaareedaaru rev raasina 1920 pustakam "dhi amateurs telescope" vanti aneka prachurita rachanalu telescopela nirmaanampai aasaktini rekettinchaayi. doubleu. eff. eah. ellison.
1920la praarambhamlo united stateslo, russell doubleu. rachinchina "pramukha khagola shaastram" looni vyasalu. porter und inn "scientific american" albert zii. porter mariyu "springfield telescope tayaareedaarulu" unna ingals eee abhiruchipai aasaktini penchadaaniki sahayapaddayi. chaalaa praja aasakti undedi, ingals eee amsampai "scientific american" kosam oka kramam tappakunda vyasanni praarambhinchaadu (aaa prachuranalu "dhi autsaahika shaastravetta" kaalam) mariyu taruvaata "autsaahika telescope making" valume paerutoe moodu pustakaalalo sankalanam chesaaru. 1-3. ivi tama sonta parikaraalanu nirminchukune autsaahikula (konnisaarlu "telescope nuts" anie pilustaaru) pedda sankhyalo paatakulanu kaligi unnaayi. 1933 mariyu 1990 madhya, "skye & telescope" patrika erley braun, robbert ii sampaadakeeyam chesina "atmla kosam sekarinchadam" anae kramam tappakunda vyasanni prachurinchindi. cox, mariyu roser sinnot. rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata migulu optical bhagala siddhamgaa sarafara mariyu taruvaata sputnik mariyu antariksha pootii kooda abhiruchini baga vistarinchaayi.
saadhaarana autsaahika namuunaalu.
autsaahikulu nirminche telescopela rakalu vakreekaarakaalu, schmid-cassegreenlu mariyu maxutovlatho sahaa vistrutamgaa maarutuu unnappatikee, atyanta prachuryam pondina telescope roopakalpana neutonian reflector, dheenini russell doubleu varninchaaru. porter "paedha manishi yokka telescope" gaa. neutonian kaneesa kharchuku garishta parimaanaanni anumatinche saadhaarana roopakalpana yokka prayojanaanni kaligi undhi. mariyu design daani lakshyamgaa oke mundu uparitala addaanni upayogistundi kabatti, dheeniki oka uparitalam matrame untundi, idhi naela mariyu palish cheyabadaali, dheeniki viruddhamgaa maxutov kosam moodu mariyu vakrikaraka mariyu schmid-cassagrain kosam naalugu. saadhaaranamgaa neutonian telescope off eperture anedi oka praamaanika starter project, dheenini club prajectga ledhaa pustakaala nundi ledhaa internetlo kanipinche pranaalikala nundi panichese vyaktulu nirmistaaru.
addam tayari.
neutonian reflector anedi autsaahika telescope tayaareedaarulu nirminchina atyanta saadhaarana telescope kabatti, eee amsampai saahityamlo pedda bhagalu praadhamika addam yokka kalpanaku ankitam cheyabaddaayi. addaalu gaaju yokka chadunaina diskga praarambhamavutaayi, saadhaaranamgaa plate glass ledhaa borosylicate glass (pyrex). disk jagrattagaa neelamattam cheyabadi, palish cheyabadi, chaalaa khachitamaina aakaaramlo, saadhaaranamgaa paraboloid aakaaramlo untundi. adhika kendra nishpattulu kaligina telescopelu golaakaara addaalanu upayoginchavacchu, endukante aaa nishpattulalo rendu aakaralalo vyatyaasam chaalaa takkuvagaa untundi. eee aakaraanni saadhinchadaaniki upayoginche sadhanalu saralamgaa undavacchu, indulo adhe parimaanamlo unna gaaju sadhanam, chakkati rapidi saadhanaala shreni mariyu oka rakamaina chettu rasamtho tayaaru chesina polishing pitch lyap untaayi. yaadruchchika strokela mottam shreni dwara addam sahajamgaa golaakaara aakaaramlo maarutundi. aaa samayamlo, polishing strokelalo vaividhyam saadhaaranamgaa kaavalasina paraboloidal aakaraanni srushtinchadaaniki mariyu paripuurnamgaa cheyadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi.
foucault pareeksha.
addaala aakaraanni pareekshinchadaaniki chaalaa mandhi autsaahikulu upayoginche parikaraalu, foucault katthi-anchu pareeksha, uparitalaanni srushtinchadaaniki upayoginche saadhanaala maadirigaane, tayaaru cheyadam sulabham. daani atyanta praathamika sthaayilo idhi oka light bulb, pinn hole thoo kuudina tinfoil mukka mariyu razer blade kaligi untundi.
addaanni palish chesina tarvaata daanini niluvugaa oka standlo unchutaaru. foucault pareekshakudu addam yokka vakrata vyaasaarthaaniki daggaragaa dhooramlo erpaatu cheyabadutundi. pinn hole kaanti muulam nundi tirigi vachhe punjam katthi anchu dwara antaraayam kaliginchela pareekshakulu sardubaatu cheyabadataru. katthi anchu venuka nundi addaanni chudatam addam uparitalampai oka namuunaanu chooputundi. addam uparitalam khachitamaina golamlo bhaagamaite, addam mottam uparitalampai samanamga veliginchinatlu kanipistundi. addam golakaramlo unnappatikee, gaddalu ledhaa ottidi vanti lopalatho unte, lopaalu ettulo baga peddavigaa kanipistaayi. uparitalam paraboloidal ayithe, addam donut ledhaa lojenge laaga kanipistundi. addam meeda oka pratyeka musugunu unchadam dwara mariyu pareekshakuditho kolatala shrenini teesukovadam dwara addam uparitalam khachitamaina paraboloidnu entha daggaragaa pooli untundo lekkinchadam saadhyamavutundi. eee dayta appudu tagginchabadutundi mariyu aadarsha parabolic vakrarekhaku vyatiraekamgaa geeyabadutundi.
kontamandi autsaahika telescope tayaareedaarulu ronchi pareeksha anie piluvabade ilanti pareekshanu upayogistaaru, idhi katthi anchunu aneka chakkati samaantara teegalu ledhaa gaaju palakapai chekkutho kuudina "grating" thoo bharti chestundi. upayoginchina itara pareekshalalo vegavantamaina f/nishpatti addaalanu marinta khachitamgaa kolavagala gaviola ledhaa castic pareeksha mariyu sarasamaina laejarlu, digital kemeraalu (webcamlu vantivi) mariyu computerla dwara iteevali samvatsaraalalo saadhyamaina home-bru interferometric pareeksha unnaayi.
addaanni aluminium cheyadam ledhaa "sylver" cheyadam.
addam uparitalam saraina aakaraanni kaligi unna tarvaata, mundu uparitalaaniki atyanta pratibimbimchae padaartham yokka chaalaa sannani puuta jodinchabadutundi.
chaaritraatmakamgaa eee puuta vendi. vendi addaanni rasaayanikamgaa addampai unchaaru, saadhaaranamgaa addam tayaareedaaru ledhaa viniyogadaaru. vendi puutalu aluminium kante ekkuva pratibimbam kaligi untaayi, conny twaragaa ksheenistaayi mariyu konni nelala tarvaata bharti cheyavalasi untundi.
1950la nundi chaalaa mandhi addam tayaareedaarulu sannani pora nikshepana prakriya dwara aluminium puutanu kaligi unnaaru (eee prakriyaloo pratyekata kaligina samstha pani chestundi). aadhunika puutalu saadhaaranamgaa rakshanaatmaka paaradarsaka sammelanaalato kappabadina aluminium poranu kaligi untaayi.
addaanni aluminium aaviraipoye vidyut vaedi chesina tungston ledhaa nicrome kaayilsto vacuum chhambarlo unchadam dwara aluminium cheyabadutundi. vacuumloo, vaedi aluminium anuvulu sarala rekhallo prayaanistaayi. avi addam uparitalaanni taakinappudu, avi challabadi, antukuntaayi. konni addam puuta dukaanaalu appudu addampai quartz poranu aaviri chestaayi, marikonni daanini ovenlo swachchamaina oxygen ledhaa gaaliki bahirgatam chestaayi, tadwara addam kathinamaina, spashtamaina aluminium oxide poranu yerparustundi.
telescope design.
telescopelu autsaahika telescope tayaareedaarulu perati vaividhyam nundi khagola shaastra rangaaniki ardhavantamaina sahakaram andinche adhunaatana parikaraala varaku nirmistaaru. autsaahikulu nirminchina parikaraalu grahala adhyayanam, austrometry, photometry, commet mariyu grahasakalam aavishkaranalalo upayoginchabaddaayi. kshetramloni "abhiruchigala" mugimpu kooda aneka vibhina vargaluga vibhajinchavachhuh lothaina aakaasa vastuvulanu gamaninchadam, grahaalanu gamaninchadam, soura pariseelana, chandra pariseelana mariyu aaa taragatula vastuvula khagola chayachitrana. anduvalla, telescopela roopakalpana, parimaanam mariyu nirmaanam kooda maarutuu untaayi. kontamandi autsaahika telescope tayaareedaarulu mudigaa kanipinchetappudu, avi roopondinchina prayojanam kosam puurtigaa saripoye parikaraalanu nirmistaaru. itarulu adhika sthaayi yaantrika "finish" thoo marinta soundarya roopaanni pondadaaniki prayatninchavacchu. kontamandi autsaahika telescope tayaareedaarulaku adhika-khachitamaina yantra parikaraalu andubaatulo lenanduna, pomset platfam, crayford fokasar mariyu dobsonian telescope vanti aneka sogasaina namuunaalu abhivruddhi chendaayi, ivi khachitamaina yantram avasaram lekunda kaaryaacharana mariyu sthirathvaanni saadhistaayi.
nirmaanamloo ibbandi anedi autsaahikula project empikalo maroka amsam. icchina design kosam nirmaanam yokka kashtam lakshyam yokka vyaasam yokka chadarapugaa sumaruga perugutundi. udaaharanaku, neutonian telescope eparcharu anedi madhyastamgaa sulabhamaina sains fair project. neutonian manchi raajee parimaanamgaa pariganinchabadutundi, endukante nirmaanam kashtam kaadu mariyu vaanijyaparamgaa konugolu cheyadaaniki khareedaina parikaraniki daariteestundi. pratibimbimchae telescope kashtam, conny ippatikee chinna parikaraalanu nirminchina anubhavam unna sagatu autsaahikula saamardhyamlo undhi. autsaahikulu antha pedda telescopelanu nirminchaaru, conny saadhaaranamgaa chinna samuuhaalu ledhaa khagola shaastra sanghaalu atuvanti prajectulanu chepattaayi.

