
rangu graphics adaptor

1981loe pravesapettina "colour/graphics adaptor" ledhaa "ibm colour/graphics monetor adaptor" anie kooda piluvabade colour graphics adaptor (cga), ibm pisi kosam ibm yokka modati colour graphics card mariyu vaastava computer display pramaanaanni sthaapinchindi.
hardware design.
asalu ibm cga graphics card motorola 6845 display controller chuttoo nirminchabadindi, idhi 16 kilobaitla veediyo memariitoe nirminchabadindi mariyu aneka graphics mariyu text modlanu kaligi undhi. edainaa mode yokka atyadhika pradarsana spashtata 640x200, mariyu atyadhika rangu lothu maddatu 4-bitt (16 rangulu).
cga kaardunu ibm 5153 rangu pradarsana vanti 4-bitt digital (ttl) argbi interfacenu upayoginchi direct-drive crt maanitarku ledhaa rca connector dwara ntsc-anukuula television ledhaa mishrama veediyo maanitarku anusandhaaninchavacchu. rca connector bays byaand veediyoonu matrame andinchindi, kabatti cga kaardunu mishrama veediyo input lekunda television setku connect cheyadaaniki pratyeka rf modulator avasaram.
ibm cgatho upayogam kosam "5153 vyaktigata computer rangu pradarsana" nuu utpatti chesindi, conny idhi vidudala samayamlo andubaatulo ledhu mariyu marchi 1983 varaku vidudala kaaledu.
ibm yokka sonta rangu pradarsana andubaatulo laenappatikee, viniyogadaarulu mishrama avutputnu (avasaramaite rf modulatortho) ledhaa argbi formatt mariyu skaan retuku maddatu ichhe andubaatulo unna moodava party maanitarlatoe pratyaksha-drive avutputnu upayoginchavacchu. konni moodava-paksha pradarsanalalo teevrata input ledhu, andubaatulo unna rangula sankhyanu enimidiki tagginchindi, mariyu chaalaa mandiki ibm yokka pratyaekamaina circutory kooda ledhu, idhi muduru-pasupu rangunu godhuma rangugaa andinchindi, kabatti godhuma rangunu upayoginchina edainaa software tappugaa pradarsinchabadutundi.
utpatti saamarthyaalu.
cga aneka veediyo modlanu andinchindi.
graphics reetulu
konni softwarelu mishrama maanitarku anusandhaaninchabadinappudu kalakhanda rangunu upayoginchadam dwara ekkuva rangu lothunu saadhinchaayi.
vachana reetulu
sii. zii. eah. home television settho anukuulamgaa undaalani ibm uddesinchindi. 40x25 text mariyu 320x200 graphics modlu televisiontho upayogapadataayi, mariyu 80x25 text mariyu 640x200 graphics modlu monetor kosam uddesinchabaddaayi.
rangu palet.
sii. zii. eah. 4-bitt aarr. zii. bii. ii 16-rangu swarasaptakaanni upayogistundi, conny yea graphics mode upayoginchabadutondane daanipai aadharapadi anni rangulu anni samayaallo andubaatulo undavu. medium mariyu hye-resolution modlalo, rangulu takkuva bitt lothulo nilva cheyabadataayi mariyu sthira palet suuchikala dwara enchukoobadataayi, puurti 16-rangu palet nundi pratyaksha empika kaadu.
naalugu bits upayoginchinappudu (takkuva-resolution mode kosam, ledhaa prograaming rangu registerla kosam) avi rgbi rangu namuunaa prakaram amarchabadataayih
eee naalugu rangu bits appudu monetor dwara antargatamgaa ardham chesukobadatayi ledhaa enn. tii. ess. sii rangulugaa maarchabadataayi (krinda chudandi).
oka aarr. zii. bii. ii monetor thoo.
direct-drive maanitarnu upayogistunnappudu, naalugu rangu bits neerugaa kaardu venuka bhaagamlo unna dii-9 connectorku avtput avtayi.
monetor lopala, naalugu signals erupu, aakupaccha mariyu neelam rangu tupaakulanu nadapadaniki ardham chesukobadatayi. paina vivarinchina rgbi rangu namuunaaku sambandhinchi, monetor digital naalugu-bitt rangu sankhyanu 0.0 nundi 1 varaku analog voltagela varaku proses cheyadaaniki sumaru krindi suutraanni upayogistundih
 "erupu": = 2/3 × ("kalarnambar" & 4)/4 + 1/3 × ("kalarnambar" & 8)/8
 "aakupaccha": = 2/3 × ("kalarnambar" & 2)/2 + 1/3 × ("kalarnambar" & 8)/8
 "neelam": = 2/3 × ("kalarnambar" & 1)/1 + 1/3 × ("kalarnambar" & 8)/8
rangu 6nii bhinnamgaa pariganistaaru; paina perkonna suutraanni upayogistunnappudu, rangu 6 edama vaipuna kanipinche vidhamgaa "muduru pasupu" avutundi, conny marinta aahlaadakaramaina godhuma rangu tone saadhinchadaaniki, chaalaa rgbi monetarlalo pratyeka circutory, ibm 5153 rangu pradarsanatoe praarambhinchi, rangu 6kii minahaayimpugaa untundi mariyu analog green signal yokka vaisaalyaanni tagginchadam dwara daani rangunu muduru pasupu nundi godhuma ranguku maarustundi. monetor namuunaala madhya khachitamaina taggimpu parimaanam bhinnamgaa untundih asalu ibm 5153 vyaktigata computer rangu pradarsana aakupaccha signal yokka vaisaalyaanni moodinta oka vanthu taggistundi, ayithe ibm 5154 merugaina rangu pradarsana antargatamgaa anni 4-bitt argibi rangu sankhyalanu 6-bitt isidi rangu sankhyalugaa maarustundi, idhi aakupaccha signal yokka vaisaalyaanni sagaaniki taggistundi. tandy cm-2, cm-4 mariyu cm-11 monetarlu "braun adjud" anie label cheyabadina potentiometernu andistaayi."green signal taggimpu mottaanni sardubaatu cheyadaaniki.
eee "sardubaatu chesina godhuma rangutho kuudina rgbi" paaletnu egaa mariyu vigaa vanti taruvaati pisi graphics pramaanaala yokka default paletga unchaaru, ivi chaalaa pedda swarasaptakaalu nundi rangulanu enchukogalavu, conny tirigi programme cheyabade varaku vatiki defaultga untaayi.
mishrama rangu monetor/television settho.
mishrama avtput kosam, eee naalugu-bitt rangu sankhyalu cga yokka onboard hardware dwara card yokka rca avtput jaakku ivvabadina ntsc-anukuula signalga encode cheyabadataayi. kharchu kaaranaala valla, idhi enn. tii. ess. sii. pramaanam dwara piluvabade aarr. zii. bii-tuu-yakk converternu upayoginchi cheyabadadu, conny flip-flaps mariyu delay linela shreni dwara cheyabadutundi.
tatphalitamgaa, kanipinche rangulalo swachchata ledhu; mukhyamgaa, saine mariyu pasupu rendintiloo aakupaccha rangu untundi, mariyu rangu 6 mallii godhuma ranguku badulugaa muduru pasupu rangulo kanipistundi.
mishrama rangu-utpatti circuit dwara utpatti cheyabadina rangula saapeksha prakaasaalu sii. zii. eah. punarvimarsala madhya bhinnamgaa untayih avi 1983 varaku utpatti cheyabadina prarambha sii. zii. estho 1-6 mariyu <ii. dii. 1> rangulaku okela untaayi, mariyu adanapu nirodhakaala adanamgaa undatam valla taruvaata sii. zii. esku bhinnamgaa untaayi.
praamaanika vachana reetulu.
cga naalugu bios text modlanu andistundi (modlu 0 nundi 3 varaku, alphanumeric ledhaa ibm documentationlo eah/enn modlu anie pilustaaru). eee reetullo, terapai vyaktigata pixellanu neerugaa parishkarinchalemu. badulugaa, tera aksharaala kanaala gridga vibhajinchabadindi, prati okkati kaardu yokka romlo cherchabadina rendu bitmap faantlalo okadaanilo nirvachinchabadina aksharanni pradarsistundi, "saadhaarana" mariyu "sannani". faantlu sthiramgaa untaayi mariyu softwarelo unna jumper dwara matrame savarinchabadavu ledhaa software nundi enchukobadavu.
aksharalu 1-bitt rangu lothu vadda bitt mapluga nilva cheyabadataayi, aksharanni soochinche "1" mariyu nepathyaanni soochinche "0" thoo. eee rangulanu swatantramgaa enchukovachhu, terapai prati paatraku, puurti 16-rangu sii. zii. eah palet nundi. akshara samiti hardware code paejee 437 dwara nirvachinchabadindi.
font bitmap dayta kaarduku matrame andubaatulo untundi, daanini cpu chadavaledu. graphics modlalo, bios dwara text avtput font rome nundi veediyo memareeki bitt-bye-bitt textnu coppy cheyadam dwara panichestundi.
40x25 mode.
bios modlu 0 mariyu 1 rendoo 25 varusala vachana modla dwara 40 niluvu varusalanu kaligi untaayi, prati aksharam 8x8 chukkala namuunaatoe untundi. eee modlo samarthavanthamaina screen resolution 320x200 pixels (1:1.2 pixel kaaraka nishpatti) eee modlo enimidi ververu text paejeelaku taginanta veediyo raamnu kaligi untundi.
eee rendu reetula madhya vyatyaasaanni mishrama monetarlo matrame chudavachu, ikkada mode 0 rangu paeludini nilipivestundi, tadwara anni vachanalu grayscale kanipistaayi. mode 1 rangu paelchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi, idhi rangunu anumatistundi. mode 0 mariyu mode 1 rgb monetarlalo mariyu taruvaata mishrama rangu avutputku maddatu ivvakunda cganii anukarinche adapterlalo kriyaatmakamgaa okela untaayi.
80x25 mode.
bios modlu 2 mariyu 3 25 varusala vachana modla dwara 80 niluvu varusalanu enchukuntaayi, prati aksharam ippatikee 8x8 chukkala namuunaatoe untundi, conny adhika skaan retutho pradarsinchabadutundi. eee mode yokka samarthavanthamaina screen resolution 640x200 pixels. eee modlo, kaardulo naalugu ververu text paejeelaku taginanta veediyo raam untundi.
40-kaalam text modla maadirigaa, mode 2 mishrama signal loe rangu paeludini nilipivestundi mariyu mode 3 daanini praarambhistundi.
text mode rangu.
prati akshara kanam mundubhagam mariyu nepathya rangu kosam naalugu bitsnu nilva chesindi. ayithe, kaardula default aakruteekaranalo, nepathya rangu yokka nalgava bitt teevratanu sett cheyadu, conny sell kosam blink lakshanaanni sett chestundi. eee bitt settho terapai unna anni aksharalu kramaanugatamgaa merisestaayi, antey vaati mundu rangu vaati nepathya ranguku maarchabadutundi, tadwara paatra adrusyamavutundi. anni paatralu ekaswaramlo merisestaayi.
hardware registernu amarchadam dwara, blink featurenu nilipiveyavacchu, adhika-teevrata nepathya rangulaku praapyatanu punaruddharinchavachhu.
terapai anni merise aksharalu samakaaleekaranalo merisestaayi. blinking attribute prabhavam defaultga enable cheyabadutundi mariyu adhika-teevrata nepathya prabhavam disable cheyabadutundi; nepathya rangu kosam taruvaati enimidi-rangu suuchikalanu (8-15) swechchagaa enchukoovadaaniki blinkingnu disable cheyadam matrame maargam.
mukhyamgaa, ms-dasto kuudina gdableu-basic mariyu microsoft cubassic prograaming languagelu puurti rangu niyanthranatho cga yokka anni text modlaku maddatu icchaayi, conny cgnu blink mode nundi 16-byaak ground-colour modku maarchadaaniki praathamika bhasha dwara saadhaarana marganni andinchaledu. ayithe praathamika bhasha yokka avt statementnu upayoginchi hardware registerlanu neerugaa prograaming cheyadam dwara idhi ippatikee saadhyamaindi.
praamaanika graphics modlu.
cga moodu teermaanaalalo graphics modlanu andistundihi 160 × 100,320 × 200 mariyu 640 × 200. anni modlalo screenpy prati pixelnu neerugaa sett cheyavachu, conny adhika modla kosam rangu lothu puurti 16-rangu palet nundi swechchagaa enchukoovadaaniki anumatinchadu.
160x100.
takkuva-resolution 160x100 mode 16-rangu paaletnu upayogistundi mariyu 40x25 aksharaala mode (mode 3) gaa amarchabadi untundi, ayithe 16000 baitla memareepai memory-mapp chesina graphicsnu upayogistundi. 
320x200.
medium-resolution 320x200 modlalo (modlu 4 mariyu 5), prati pixel rendu bits, ivi naalugu-rangu palet nundi rangulanu enchukuntaayi. mode 4loe, rendu paaletlu unnaayi, mariyu mode 5loe oke palet undhi.
prograaming hardware registerla dwara aneka empikalu cheyavachu. modata, enchukunna palet. rendavadi, teevrata-idhi prati pixel praatipadikana kakunda mottam screen kosam nirvachinchabadindi. moodavadi, rangu 0 ("nepathya" rangu) nuu 16 rangulalo deenikainaa sett cheyavachu.
nirdishta bios graphics mode yea paaletlu andubaatulo unnayo prabhaavitam chestundi. bios mode 4 rendu paaletlanu andistundihi aakupaccha/erupu/godhuma mariyu saine/magenta/telupu.
text modlu 0 mariyu 2 maadirigaa, mode 5 mishrama manitarpai grayscale rangulu kanipinchadaaniki anumatinchadaaniki rangu paeludini nilipivestundi. ayithe, text modla maadirigaa kakunda, idhi rgbi manitarpai pradarsinchabade rangulanu kooda prabhaavitam chestundi, vaatini paina kanipinche saine/erupu/telupu paaletku maarustundi. eee paaletnu ibm namodu cheyaledu, conny konni softwarelalo upayoginchabadindi.
640x200.
adhika-resolution 640x200 mode (mode 6) loe, prati pixel oka bitt, idhi prograaming hardware registerla dwara 16-rangu palet nundi enchukogala rendu rangulanu andistundi.
eee reetilo, veediyo chitram oka saadhaarana bitt mapga nilva cheyabadutundi, pixelku oka bitt rangunu "mundubhagam" ledhaa "nepathyam" gaa amarchutundi. defaultga rangulu nalupu mariyu prakaasavantamaina telupu, conny mundubhagam rangunu 16-rangu sii. zii. eah paaletlooni yea pravesaanikainaa maarchavacchu. asalu ibm cga kardupai nepathya rangunu nalupu nundi marchalemu. bios mode 6 640x200 graphics modnu amarchutundi. eee mode defaultga mishrama rangu paeludu signalnu nilipivestundi. bios 640x200 modlo rangu paeludini aann chese empikanu andinchadu, mariyu daanini praarambhinchadaaniki viniyogadaaru mode controll registerku neerugaa vrayali.
marinta graphics modlu mariyu sardubaatlu.
pratyeka prabhavalanu saadhinchadaaniki upayoginchagala aneka adhikaarika mariyu anadhikaarika lakshanaalu unnaayi.
paina perkonna konni sardubaatlanu kalapavacchu. udaaharanalu aneka aatalalo chudavachu.
160x10016 rangu mode.
saanketikamgaa, eee mode graphics mode kaadu, conny 80x25 text mode yokka sardubaatu. akshara kana etthu register saadhaarana enimidi panktulaku badulugaa akshara kanaaniki rendu panktulanu matrame pradarsinchadaaniki maarchabadutundi. eee naalugu aksharalu 25 nundi 100 varaku pradarsinchabade vachana varusala sankhyanu suuchistaayi. eee "gattiga pindichesina" vachana aksharalu puurti aksharalu kaavu. tadupari varusaku vellae mundu vyavastha vaati paie rendu pixels panktulanu (okkokkati enimidi) matrame pradarsistundi.
sii. zii. eah aksharaala samuuhamlooni aksharam 221 aksharaala maatruka yokka mottam edama bhaganni aakraminche pettenu kaligi untundi. (aksharam 222 mottam kudi bhaganni aakraminchina pettenu kaligi untundi.)
prati aksharaniki ververu mundubhagam mariyu nepathya rangulanu ketayinchavacchu kabatti, idhi edamavaipu neelam (udaaharanaku) mariyu kudi vaipu prakaasavantamaina erupu (nepathya rangu) rangulo undavacchu. mundubhagam mariyu nepathya rangulanu marchukovadam dwara dheenini tippavacchu.
aksharam 221 ledhaa aksharam 222 nuu upayoginchi, prati kattirinchina aksharam kanamlo prati sagam okkokka pixelga pariganinchabadutundi-prati panktiki 160 kshitija samaantara pixellanu andubaatulo unchutundi. anduvalla, 16 rangulalo 160x100 pixels, 1:1.2 kaaraka nishpattitoe saadhyame.
16-rangula graphics pradarsananu saadhinchadaaniki oka roundabout maargam ayinappatikee, idhi chaalaa baga panichestundi mariyu mode kooda ibm yokka adhikaarika hardware documentationlo prastaavinchabadindi (vivarinchabadanappatikii). eee mode 1983 lone "moone bugs" aatalo upayoginchabadindi.
itara aksharaalanu upayoginchadam dwara, paina perkonna saanketikatato aski kalanu kalapadam dwara eee reetilo marinta vivaraalanu saadhinchavachchu. dheenini macrocom, ink rendu aatalalo anveshinchindih "icon quest pharr dhi ring" (1984loe vidudalaindi) mariyu "dhi seven spirits off raa" (1987loe vidudalaindi).
adhe text sell etthu taggimpu saanketikatanu 40x25 text modto kooda upayoginchavacchu, idhi 80x100 resolutionnu istundi.
mishrama utpatti.
argbi maanitarku badulugaa mishrama avutputnu upayoginchi takkuva-naanhyata gala veediyoonu utpatti chesindi, endukante ntsc yokka prakaasam mariyu chrominance madhya takkuva vibhajana kaaranamgaa. idhi mukhyamgaa 80-kaalam textto samasyah
eee kaaranamgaa, prati text mariyu graphics modlalo nakilee mode untundi, idhi mishrama rangu visphotanaanni nilipivestundi, phalitamgaa nalupu-telupu chitram erpadutundi, conny padunaina chitraanni utpatti cheyadaaniki rangu raktasraavam kooda tolaginchabadutundi. argbi monetarlalo, 320x200 graphics mode minaha, prati mode yokka rendu versionlu saadhaaranamgaa okela untaayi, ikkada "monocrome" version moodava paaletnu utpatti chestundi.
vistarinchina kalakhandala rangulu.
adhika-resolution chukkala yokka vibhina namuunaalu ghana rangula sthiramaina praantalugaa maarataayi, tadwara puurtigaa kotta kalakhandala rangula pradarsananu anumatistundi kabatti eee lopaanni oka aastigaa maarchavacchani prograamarlu kanugonnaru. praamaanika 320x200 naalugu-rangulu mariyu 640x200 rangu-meeda-nalupu graphics modlu rendintinee eee saanketikatato upayoginchavacchu.
antargata operation.
"pratyaksha rangulu" anevi "sii. zii. eah. rangu palet" kinda paina vivarinchina vidhamgaa saadhaarana 16 rangulu.
"kalakhandala rangulu" kanipistaayi endukante mishrama monetor yokka enn. tii. ess. sii. chroma decoder prakaasinchae samacharanni konni rangulugaa tappugaa ardham chesukuntundi. tagina namoonaalalo pixellanu jagrattagaa unchadam dwara, oka programmer kaavalasina kotta rangunu ichhe nirdishta cross-colour kalakhandalanu utpatti cheyavachu; 640x200 modlo puurtigaa nalupu-telupu pixella nundi, ledhaa 320x200 modlo "direct" mariyu "artifact" rangula "kalayika" phalitamgaa, eee krindi chitraalalo chusinatlugah
anduvalla, 320x200 verses madhya empikatho. 640x200 mode, rendu paletla madhya empika, mariyu oka swechchagaa enchukogala rangu (320x200 modlalo nepathyam mariyu 640x200 modlo mundubhagam), aneka vibhina rakaala kalakhandala rangulanu upayoginchadam saadhyamavutundi, idhi mottam 100 rangula swarasaptakam.
taruvaata autsaahikula pradarsanalu adhe samayamlo sii. zii. eah pradarsinchagala garishta rangula sankhyanu 1024kii penchaayi. eee saanketikatalo text mode sardubaatu untundi, idhi text varusala sankhyanu naalugu retlu chestundi. yuu mariyu! vanti konni aski aksharalu! appudu avasaramaina namuunaalanu utpatti cheyadaaniki upayogistaaru, dheeni phalitamgaa mishrama manitarpai 80x100 yokka samarthavanthamaina spashtatato naan-dethard chitraalu erpadataayi.
prati line avtput samayamlo enn. tii. ess. sii. rangu gadiyaram yokka 160 chakralu sambhavistaayi, kabatti 40 kaalam modlo prati pixel sagam saikilnu aakramistundi mariyu 80 kaalam modlo prati pixel oka sykillo naaluginta oka vanthu upayogistundi. akshara pradarsananu eguva okati ledhaa rendu scanlinelaku parimitam cheyadam, mariyu codepage 437 yokka konni aksharaalalo pixel amarikanu sadviniyogam chesukovadam dwara, 1024 rangula varaku pradarsinchadam saadhyamavutundi. eee saanketikata demo "8088 mph" loe upayoginchabadindi.
labhyata mariyu heccharikalu.
eee saanketikata yokka 320x200 roopaantaram (paina chudandi) anedi mishrama rangu manitarpai praamaanika bios-maddatu graphics mode elaa kanipistundi. ayithe, 640x200 vaeriyantku sii. zii. eah. yokka hardware registerlalo neerugaa bitt (rangu paeludu nilipiveyabadindi) nuu savarinchadam avasaram. phalitamgaa, dheenini saadhaaranamgaa pratyeka "mode" gaa suuchistaaru."
ntsc encoding/decoding prakriyapai puurtigaa aadharapadi undatam valla, mishrama rangu kalakhandalu rgbi monetarlo andubaatulo laevu, ledhaa idhi egaa, vga ledhaa samakaaleena graphics adapterla dwara anukarinchabadadu.
aadhunika, games-centric pisi emulator dasbox oka cga modku maddatu istundi, idhi mishrama monetor yokka rangu kalakhandanni anukarinchagaladu. 640x200 mishrama mode mariyu marinta sanklishtamaina 320x200 roopaantaram rendintikee maddatu undhi.
spashtata mariyu upayogam.
uddeshapoorvakamgaa ledhaa avaanchita kalakhandamga upayoginchina mishrama kalakhandam, niluvu spashtatanu marchakunda, nalupu-paie-telupu ledhaa telupu-paie-nalupu vachananiki, samarthavanthamaina kshitija samaantara spashtatanu garishtamgaa 160 pixellaku taggistundi. artifact" rangulatho kuudina mishrama veediyo pradarsananu konnisaarlu 160x 200/16-rangu modga varnistaaru, ayithe saanketikamgaa idhi praamaanika modnu upayoginche saanketikata.
eee mishrama rangu kalakhanda paddhati yokka takkuva spashtata dheenini daadaapu pratyaekamgaa aatalalo upayoginchadaaniki daariteesindi. aneka unnata sthaayi sheershikalu mishrama rangu monetarla kosam optimize cheyabadina graphicsnu andinchaayi. "ultima II", aata shrenilo modati aata IBM PCkii port cheyabadindi, idhi Cga mishrama graphicsnu upayoginchindi. "kings quest ii" computer, pcjr mariyu tandy 1000 laloe 16-rangu graphicsnu kooda andinchindi, conny taitil screen vadda 'argibi mode' nuu andinchindi, idhi saadhaarana cga graphics modnu matrame upayogistundi, idhi 4 rangulaku parimitam cheyabadindi.
parimitulu, doshaalu mariyu doshaalu.
cgapy veediyo timingnu motorola 6845 veediyo controller andistundi. eee integrated circuit modata akshara-aadhaarita alphanumeric (text) displayla kosam matrame roopondinchabadindi mariyu garishtamgaa 128 aksharaala varusalanu parishkarinchagaladu.
cgalo 200 scanlinelatho graphics modlanu grahinchadaaniki, emsi6845 prati chitraaniki 100 aksharaala varusalatho mariyu prati akshara varusaku rendu scanlinelatho programme cheyabadindi. mc6845 dwara veediyo memory adrus avtput aksharaala varusalooni prati scanlineku okela untundi kabatti, cga tappanisarigaa mc6845 yokka "roow adrus" avutputnu upayoginchaali (i.ii. veediyo memory nundi raster daetaanu pondadaaniki aksharaala varusalooni skaan line) adanapu chirunama bitga untundi.
idhi oke skaan line yokka raster dayta parimaanam rendu saktulu kakapothe, raster daetaanu veediyo memarylo nirantaram unchalemani suuchistumdi. badulugaa, cgaloni graphics modlu memarylo sarri-sankhya skaan linelanu nilva chestaayi, taruvaata veediyo memory sthaanam 8,192 nundi praarambhamayye besi-sankhya skaan linela rendava block. eee amarika phalitamgaa veediyo memarini marchagala software kosam graphics modlalo adanapu ovarhedku daariteestundi.
emsi6845 veediyo controller interlassed veediyo kosam samayanni andinchagaliginappatiki, cga yokka circutory scanning ellappuduu pragatiseelamgaa unde vidhamgaa samakaaleekarana sankethaalanu sardubaatu chestundi. tatphalitamgaa, praamaanika 15 kehezes maanitarnu upayoginchi niluvu spashtatanu 400 scanlinelaku rettimpu cheyadam asadhyam.
80-kaalam text mode dwara upayoginche adhika bandwidth phalitamgaa screen droying samayamlo oka programme neerugaa veediyo memareeki vraasthe yaadruchchika chinna kshitija samaantara panktulu terapai kanipistaayi ("snow" anie pilustaaru). bios anedi kshitija samaantara retrace samayamlo matrame memarini access cheyadam dwara ledhaa scrolling samayamlo avutputnu tatkalikamga aapiveyadam dwara samasyanu nivaaristundi. idhi pradarsananu merisela chestundagaa, manchu kante alaa cheyadam manchidani ibm nirnayinchindi. manchu" samasya yea itara veediyo adaptor meeda ledhaa chaalaa cga clonelalo sambhavinchadu.
80-kaalam text modlo, pixel gadiyara pounahpunyam rettimpu avutundi, mariyu anni samakaaleekarana sankethaalu vaati saraina vyavadhiki konasaagadaaniki gadiyara chakraala sankhyaku rendu retlu avtput avtayi. mishrama avtput yokka rangu paeludu signal circuit oka minahayimpu endukante idhi ippatikee adhe sankhyalo chakralanu utpatti chestundi, ippudu rettimpu gadiyara retutho, utpatti cheyabadina rangu paeludu signal chaalaa maanitarlaku chaalaa takkuvagaa untundi, idhi edhee ledhaa asthira rangunu ivvadu. anduvalla, ibm documentation 80-kaalam text modnu argbi mariyu nalupu-telupu mishrama maanitarlaku matrame "feature" gaa jabita chestundi. sarihaddu rangunu godhuma ranguku amarchadam dwara sthiramaina rangunu ippatikee saadhinchavachchu, idhi saraina rangu paeludu sankethaalaku samaanamaina dasanu utpatti chestundi mariyu daaniki pratyamnaayamgaa panichestundi.
dual head maddatu.
cga ibm mdatho paatu vidudala cheyabadindi, vaastavaaniki adhe computerlo mdatho paatu install cheyavachu. pisi dasto kuudina command cga mariyu mda kaardula madhya display avutputnu maarchadaaniki anumatinchindi. autocad yokka prarambha ms-daas versionlu vanti konni prograamlu rendu displaylanu ekakaalamlo upayoginchadam dwara maddatu istayi.
software maddatu.
1990la varaku computer softwarelo sii. zii. eah. kii vistrutamgaa maddatu labhinchindi. borduku maddatu icchina konni softwarelu
pootii adapterlu.
"janavari 1982loe bite" "sii. zii. eah nundi avutputnu" "chaalaa baagundi-ippatike unna microcomputerlapy rangu graphics kante konchem merugga undhi" "anie varninchindi". "pisi magazine" juun 1983loe nivedistuu, "ibm monocrome display textku khachitamgaa andamgaa untundi mariyu kallaku adbhutamgaa sulabham, conny saadhaarana aksharaala graphics varaku parimitam cheyabadindi. rangu/graphics adaptorku anusandhaaninchabadina displaylapy vachana naanhyata... idhi uttamamaina madhya naanhyata kaligi untundi mariyu deerghakaalam paatu kantiporaku anukuulamgaa untundi.
oka punaraavrutta vyaakhyaanamlo, "tadupari taram" kooda cgapy pratikuula drukpathaanni teesukundi, "aaa samayaniki (1980la praarambhamlo) kooda, eee graphics bhayamkaramgaa unnaayi, marketlo labhinche itara rangu yantraalato poliste paelavamgaa unnaayi."
cga aneka pootiidaarulanu kaligi undih
itara pratyaamnaayaalu
viniyogadaarula sthalamlo sii. zii. eah. kaardu ii. bii. emm. yokka merugaina graphics adaptor (ii. zii. eah) kaardu dwara vijayavantamaindi, idhi sii. zii. eah. yokka chaalaa modlaku maddatu istundi mariyu adanapu resolution (640x350) nuu jodistundi alaage text mariyu graphics modlalo 64 rangulalo 16 rangula software-enchukogala paaletnu jodistundi.
lakshanaalu.
aarr. zii. bii. ii monetor kosam dii-9 connector.
rangu graphics adaptor direct-drive veediyo (rgbi maanitarku) kosam praamaanika dii-9 connectornu upayogistundi. kardupai unna connector aadadi mariyu monetor kebulpai unnadi magadi.
mishrama monetor ledhaa television kosam rca connector.
rangu graphics adaptor enn. tii. ess. sii-anukuula television ledhaa mishrama veediyo maanitarku anusandhanam kosam praamaanika aarr. sii. eah. connectornu upayogistundi. kardupai unna connector aadadi mariyu monetor kebulpai unnadi magadi.

