
scagliola

scagliola (italian "scaglia" nundi, antey "chips") anedi vaastusilpam mariyu silpakalalo upayoginche oka rakamaina chakkati plaastar. adhe padam stambhaalu, silpaalu mariyu palarayilo unna inlenu pooli unde itara nirmaana amsaalanu utpatti chese saanketikatanu gurtistundi. scagliola saanketikata 17va sataabdapu tuscanylo khareedaina palarayi inless kuu samarthavanthamaina pratyamnaayamgaa faashanloki vachindi, florenceloni medisi kutumbam kosam roopondinchina pietra dura rachanalu. 20va sataabdamloo scagliola vadakam taggindi.
scagliola anedi selenite, jiguru mariyu sahaja varnadravyam nundi tayaaraina mishrama padaartham, idhi palarayi mariyu itara gatti raallanu anukaristundi. padaartham rangulatho siratho undi, korku vartimpajeyavachu ledhaa gatamlo tayaaru chesina scagliola maatrukalo kaavalasina namuunaanu chekkavacchu. namuunaa yokka indentations appudu rangu, plaastar lanty scagliola mishramtho nimpabadataayi, aapai prakaasam kosam avise noonetho mariyu rakshana kosam mainaputho palish cheyabadataayi. padaarthaalu mariyu saanketikata kalayika sanklishtamaina aakrutini andistundi, mariyu sahaja sirala palarayilo andubaatulo laeni rangu yokka goppatanaanni andistundi.
polchadagina padaartham terrazo. marmorino anedi paryaayapadamgaa untundi, conny scagliola mariyu terrazolanu plaastar off paris thoo ayomayam chendakudadu, idhi oka padaardham.
paddhati.
jantuvula jigurutho savarinchina pigmented plaastar (ground alabaster ledhaa gypsum) byaachlu acchulu, aarmecharlu mariyu prii-plaastard wall plaenlaku sahaja raayi, bressia mariyu paalaraatini khachitamgaa anukarinche paddhatiloo vartinchabadataayi. oka paddhatiloo, plaastar misramam dwara varnadravyam loe santruptamaina mudi pattu yokka tantuvulanu geeyadam dwara weaning srushtinchabadutundi. maroka saanketikatalo translucent renderla yokka aneka poralapai throing mariyu jasper maadirigaane rangu bhedaanni saadhinchadaaniki munupati poraku yaadrucchikamgaa kattirinchadam untundi. 
endinappudu, tadigaa unna uparitalam mruduvugaa untundi, aapai tripoli (oka silisus kullina raayi) mariyu boggutho kalipina naara vastramtho buff cheyabadutundi; chivaraku dheenini noonetho buff cheyabadutundi; konnisaarlu eee prayojanam kosam theneteegalanu upayoginchevaaru. rangulu plaastarku antarbhaagamgaa unnanduna, chekkapai painting vanti itara paddhatula kante eee namuunaa gokadaniki ekkuva nirodhakatanu kaligi untundi.
rendu scagliola paddhatulu unnaih saampradaaya 'bavarian scagliola' loe plaastar off paris yokka rangu byaachlu gatti, pindi lanty sthirathvaaniki pani chestaayi. plaastar anedi isinglass ledhaa hyde gloo vanti janthu gloolanu jodinchi savarinchabadutundi. 'marezo scagliola' drava sthithilo plaastar yokka pigmented byaachlatho pani cheyabadutundi mariyu pradhanamgaa keane cement vaadakampai aadhaarapadutundi, idhi oka pratyaekamaina gypsum plaastar utpatti, dheenilo plaastar off paarisnu alam ledhaa boretlo nindi unchutaaru, taruvaata oka battiiloo kalchi, chakkati podigaa neelamattam chestaaru; 1840 loe kanugonabadindi, idhi anoohyamgaa kathinamaina sthithiki amarchutundi. 
idhi saadhaaranamgaa janthu jigurulu jodinchakunda upayoginchabadutundi. pandommidava sataabdam chivaralo mariyu iravayyava sataabdam praarambhamlo united stateslo vistrutamgaa upayoginchinanduna marejo scagliola tarachugaa american scagliola anie pilustaaru. marejo scagliola yokka slaablanu table topsga upayoginchavacchu. sett chesinappudu, scagliola kundeelapai, balasterlu mariyu finalsnu roopondinchadaaniki oka lethnu aann cheyadaaniki taginanta kashtamgaa untundi.
charitra.
puraatana roman vaastusilpamlo scagliola alankaranaku aadharalu unnappatikee, scagliola alankarana 17va sataabdamloo italian barok bhavanaalalo prachuryam pondindi mariyu 19va sataabdam varaku airopa antataa anukarinchabadindi. eee saanketikatanu upayoginche adbhutamaina balipeetam mundu bhagalu dakshina italeelooni campanialoni sartosa dii padulalo kanipistaayi.
inglandlo scagliola yokka prarambha upayogam haam house, surre vadda oka poyyilo undhi, idhi charless II paalanalo kitikeetho paatu italii nundi teesukuraabadindi. idhi scagliola nepathyaanni upayogistundi, idhi designlo vaeyadaaniki kattirinchabadindi.
1761loe, livorno nundi oka scagliolista, domenico bartoli londonku cherukunnadu mariyu yarkshirelo burton conistable yokka vilium conistable chetha niyaminchabaddaadu. ikkada athanu tellani palarayilo rendu chimney mukkalanu scagliola alankaranalatho neerugaa palarayilo cutt metrikslalo tayaaru chesaadu. paadula vadda balipeetaala rakshana anchulu kakunda, eee saanketikata yokka modati upayogam idhe anipistundi. 
1766loe athanu johannes richtartho bhaagaswaamyamloki vellaadu, bahusha dresden nundi, athanu athanitho oka yuva pietro basini teesukuvacchi undavacchu. bosi anae paeru uttara italian scagliolisty kutumbaaniki sambandhinchinadi. irelandku table topsnu bartoli sarafara chesindi mariyu dablinloni belvedere house vadda oka chimney peesnu riktarku aapaadinchavachchu. vaari sailulu chaalaa bhinnamgaa untaayi. vaarilo evaruu irelandku vachaaranedaaniki chaalaa takkuva aadharalu unnaayi. 
pietro bosi 1784loe doublinku cherukuni bahusha 1798loe akkada maraninchaadu. athanu chaalaa manchi naanhyata gala dabbinlo aneka chimney peeslanu utpatti chesaadu. scagliola inley irelandlo vaanchaneeyamainadigaa niroopinchabadindi mariyu idhi inglandlo fyaashan cheyalenidigaa maarina chaalaa kaalam tarvaata konasagimpu unnatlu kanipistundi. 
1911loe, herbert sesinsky, "aangla furniture" loe yaabhai samvatsaraala kritam doublinlo scagliola prachuryam pondindani vyakhyaaninchaadu. idhi 86 vadda okadaanni, steffen yokka aakupaccha, spashtamgaa 18 vadhi anie vivaristundi. sataabdapu chimney pease, idhi taruvaata 19va sataabdam madhyalo alankarinchabadindi. gatamlo 4 vadda unna parnel square vadda unna crofton vanderlur kosam sataabdam. taruvaata samstha, padunaina & emary, piers sta.konnisaarlu asalu chimney mukkalanu upayoginchi, doublin neo-classical bosi shaililo aneka udaaharanalanu utpatti chestundi.
florence looni british nivasi surr horace maan mariyu horace valpole madhya unna sambandham viluvaina scagliola table topnu pondhe prakriyanu vivaristundi. 1740 loe irishman friar ferdinando henrico hugford (1695-1771) nundi thana modati agraanni andukunna valpole thana snehitudu maannu marikonni pondamani koraadu... 
(eee pattikallo okati wine vadda undhi. aaa table valpole yokka chetulu kaligi undhi (athani post 1726 garter nait alankaaraalato) chinnadigaa untundi-pradhana mantri surr robbert valpole mariyu athani modati bhaarya catherine short kosam, athanu 20 augustu 1737naa maraninchaadu. athanu 1738 praarambhamlo maria skeretnu vivaham chesukunnadu, tadwara wine yokka table c 1736-37 kii mundu arder cheyabadi undavacchu).
1741 november 26 naati oka lekhalo maan vaalpolku ilaa vraasaadu
mea scagliola table poortayye samayaniki daggaralo undhi, aaa raayi meeda vastuvulanu unchaaru, adhi teravabadindi, tadwara athani [hugford] goppa maranaaniki chesinadanta paadu avutundi. athanu thana kallu modalaina vaati kaaranamgaa mallee praarambhaaniki dhooramgaa undevaadu., conny neenu athanu adhi chestaanani vaedukunnaanu mariyu athanu daani gurinchi
mariyu 1742 juulai 15naha
mea scagliola table dadapuga puurtayimdi (athanu [hugford] chesina modatidi meeku gurtundi) mariyu chaalaa andamgaa undhi, conny eee commissionlo kooda naa vijayam puurti kaaledu, endukante neenu padrey [hugford] nuu daani sahacharudini cheyamani oppinchalenu
mariyu 30 october 1742:
mea scagliola table puurtayimdi, ayithe neenu daanini intiki pondaledu. dushta poojaari [hugford] kii 25 jechinlu [£1210s] untaayi, antekakunda naaku icchina praadhaanyataku chaalaa dhanyavaadaalu, endukante kontamandi saadhaarana aanglam athanitho taarumaaru chestu, daanini pondadaaniki 30 ichindi, ayinappatikee idhi antha manchi paniteeru kaadu. neenu daanini teesukokudadani poojaari korukuntadu, endukante athanu daanini pope kuu bahumatigaa istaadu. athanu manchi kosam florencenu vadilivestaadu
mariyu 1747 juulai 11naha
meeru naaku rendu scagliola tables ivvamani bid chesaru, conny parimaanam ledhaa itara vivaraalanu prastaavinchavaddu. meedi chesina vyakti ippudu florencelo laedu. ikkada ayana [daan pietro bellony] panditudu unnadu?], conny athani kante chaalaa takkuva, mariyu paniloo chaalaa nemmadigaa, athanu oka mister lesson [joseph leison] kosam daadaapu moodu samvatsaraalu unnadu, inca aaru nelala ekkuva avasaram. neenu modati sanyasi [hugford] kuu evarainaa vrasela cheyadaaniki prayatnistaanu mariyu athani conventlo rendu table tayaaru chesi, vaatini florensku pampadaaniki atanni nimagnam chestaanu, daani gurinchi tadupari post dwara meeku oka khaataa ivvagalanani neenu aasistunnaanu.
mariyu 10 october 1749:
dayachesi mea scagliola tables naaku santoshaanni kaligistunnaayi. meeru vaari gurinchi ekkuva lekkalu rayali, endukante adhe vyakti [kaugilinchukovadam] gurinchi, ledhaa nijamgaa ikkada athani sishyudu [bellooni] gurinchi ekkuva pondadam asadhyam, athanu kooda oka poojaari, mariyu neenu atanini uddesinchi naalugu samvatsaraalu gadipanu, athanu spashtamgaa naaku chebutunnadu athanu rendu kante takkuvalo puurti cheyaledu. vaaru mallimpu kosam pani chestaaru mariyu tondarapadaru.
aadhunika kaalamlo-tusmore house, oxfordshire
ayithe, seloon yokka goppa vijayam scagliola yokka upayogam, indulo enimidi venuvu corinthian niluvu varusala yokka goppa rangu mariyu bommalunna sienna shaftlu unnaayi...mariyu pradhana padakagadulaku sevalu andinche naalugu plaastar-walted puurva gadulaku pravesam kalpinche rendava antastulo dige padakagadiki, entablature mariyu ballastrade. eee scagliola mottam ingland yokka pramukha samakaaleena scagliola-tayaareedaaru richard firoze chetha utpatti cheyabadindi. 
italian plaastar varkarlu robbert aadam kosam scagliola niluvu varusalanu mariyu pilaastarlanu seon house (mukhyamgaa aanteroomloni niluvu varusalanu) mariyu kedleston haall (mukhyamgaa seluunlooni pilaastarlanu) vadda utpatti chesaaru. 1816loe kode alankaara raathi karmagaram scagliolanu chaerchadaaniki vaari abhyasanni vistarinchindi; vaari scagliolanu landanlooni appsley house vadda benzin deane vyaat upayoginchaaru.
united stateslo scagliola 19va mariyu 20va sataabdaalaloo prachuryam pondindi. scagliolanu kaligi unna mukhyamaina yuu. ess. bhavanaalalo jackson, mississippi (1903) looni mississippi state capital, fort wayne, indianaloni allen county court house, newportloni belcourt koota, road dveepam, kalarado springsloni old ell paso county court house (kalarado), consasloni topeca looni consas state capital, nyuu yark, gedeloni shiya yokka pradarsana kalala kendram mariyu tx looni carcicana looni navarro county courthouse unnaayi. St. seyint loe luis union station. luis, misauri, daani adbhutamaina grand haall, realto square theatre, joliet, ill, cathedral off seyint loe scagliola pramukhamgaa undhi. helena, emti, newyork nagaramloni shearith izrael, milvaakeeloni milwaukey public library central library, vai mariyu french lick resort casino, french lick, iteevala pedda punaruddharanaku gurayyayi.
scagliola chaaritraatmakamgaa "ersatz" padaarthamgaa mariyu sahaja raayi kante chavakaina pratyamnaayamgaa pariganinchabadindi. ayithe, idhi chivariki plaastar yokka hastakalaku asaadhaaranamaina udaaharanagaa gurtinchabadindi mariyu ippudu daani chaaritraka viluvaku viluvainadigaa alaage kotta nirmaanamloo upayoginchabadutondi, endukante alankruta aakrutulalo acchuku saripoye plaastik padaarthamgaa daani prayojanaalu unnaayi.
scagliola niluvu varusalu saadhaaranamgaa ghana padaarthamthoo nirminchabadavu. badulugaa scagliola oka convaspy veyabadutundi, idhi kaalam yokka core chuttoo chutti untundi, mariyu pakshika gattipadithe convas tokkabadutundi. appudu scagliola sthaanamlo uparitalampai kanipistundi.
sian house vadda unna puraatana stambhaalu mariyu stambhaalu scagliola kakunda paalaraayitho tayaaru cheyabaddaayi, endukante idhi vistrutamgaa grahinchabadindi (puraatana kaalam nundi grease yokka laurissalo travvabadina andamaina mariyu arudaina, pradhanamgaa aakupaccha palarayi). eee niluvu varusalu drudhamgaa undavu. palarayi yokka gundrani vibhaagaalanu sumaru 5-6 mimi mandam gala poragaa sramatho kattirinchi, aapai bolu mariyu bahusha plaastartho tayaaru cheyabadina kaalam korpai atukkupotaru. 
daggaragaa tanikhi chesinappudu veekshakudu vividha vibhagala keellanu chudagaladu. vivekavantamaina kannu vaaru verd antic venered palarayi vaipu chuustunnaarani, verd antic scagliola vaipu kaadani tvaralo grahistaaru. buckinghamshireloni dropmore house vadda chudagalige 3.6 meterla ettaina puraatana scagliola stambhaalu, seon house vadda eee chaaritraka pani yokka rangulu mariyu roopakalpanapai aadharapadi unnaayi. eee kotta niluvu varusala parisoedhana mariyu amalu rendintinee iteevala samakaaleena scagliolist maikhel coumbouses chepattaru.

