
manuel prado ugarteche

manuel carlos prado vai yugarteche (april 21,1889-augustu 15,1967) oka peruvian raajakeeyavetta mariyu banker, athanu peruku rendusaarlu adhyakshudiga panicheesaaru. maajee adhyakshudu mariano ignacio prado kumarudu, athanu limalo janminchaadu mariyu desham yokka 43va (1939-1945) mariyu 46va (1956-1962) adhyakshudiga panicheesaadu. athani sodarudu, leoncio prado guteerez, oka sainika heero, athanu 1883loe, manuel prado janminchadaaniki aaru samvatsaraala mundu maraninchaadu.
prado 1889 eprillo mariano ignacio prado kumarudiga janminchaadu. athanu kalaasaalaku velli banker ayyadu. 1914loe, general benavidesto kalisi, modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo gillermo billinghurst mariyu athani prabhutvaanni padagottadu, indulo peru tatasthamgaa undipoyaadu. benavides junta adhyakshudayyadu. taruvaata khaidu cheyabaddaadu, athanu chileeki bahishkarinchabaddaadu mariyu fraanslo bahishkarinchabaddaadu. athanu 1932loe tirigi vacchaadu, tirigi vacchina taruvaata athanu peruvian vashpa company boardu chairmanga, general manager gaa, 1934 nundi 1939 varaku panichesina central reserve byaank off peru adhyakshudiga panicheesaadu. 1939 ennikalaloo pootii chesi vijayam saadhinchaadu. thana modati paripaalanalo, peruu ekuvadorian-peruvian yuddhamlo ekuvaadarku vyatiraekamgaa vijayam saadhinchaadu, mariyu peruu aksham meeda yuddham prakatinchinanduna, akshamtho sambandhaalanu tenchukunna dakshina americalo modati desamgaa kooda nilichaadu. 1945loe thana paripalana mugisina taruvaata, athanu paris vellaadu, chivariki tirigi vacchaadu. 1956loe jarigina ennikalaloo ayana thana rendava paripalana adhikaaramloki vachinappudu belandenu oodinchaaru. athanu pracchanna yuddhamlo united states vaipuga unnadu, conny 1962loe ricardo perez goday netrutvamloni tirugubaatulo tolaginchabaddaadu. athanu chivarisariga paarisku bahishkarinchabaddaadu, akkada athanu 1967loe maraninchaadu.
jeevita charitra.
jananam mariyu prarambha samvatsaraalu.
oka kuleena kutumbam nundi, athanu peruvian adhyakshudu mariano ignacio prado mariyu maria magdalina ugarteche guteerez dii kosio kumarudu. athani tandri chilitho yuddham madhyalo perunu vidichipettadu, mariyu airopalo aayudhalanu konugolu cheyalekapoyi, athani prayaanaaniki kaaranam, videshaalalo undataaniki balavantam cheyabaddaadu, nicolus dii pirola (1879) yokka tirugubaatu dwara tolaginchabaddaadu. athani tandri sodarudu, leoncio prado, eee sangharshanaku nayakudayyadu mariyu 1883loe chiliyanlache kalchi champabaddadu. athani itara sodarulu mariano, nyaayavaadi mariyu vyaapaaravaetta; javier, medho mariyu raajakeeya; mariyu georg, kooda oka raajakeeyavetta.
manuel immaculate kalasalalo chaduvukunnadu mariyu shaan marcos vishwavidhyaalayamloni sciences mariyu political sciences adhyaapakulalo unnata adhyayanalanu konasaginchadu, akkada athanu 1907loe "hydrostatic pressure centers" paie thana theesistho bachelor degreeni pondaadu, mariyu 1910loe "lima varshapaata paalanapai vyaasam" anae theesistho doctorga panicheesaadu. ayana national school off injaneers (ippudu national university off injaneering) loe kooda chaduvukunnaru, 1911loe sivil injaneergaa pattabhadrudayyaaru.
national school off injaneers nundi vidyaarthulu mariyu universidad national mayer dii shaan marcos yokka sains facultiche ennikaina ayana, janavari 26 nundi fibravari 2,1908 varaku american students montevideo modati congressku haajaraina peruvian vidyaarthula pratinidhi brundamlo bhaagamgaa unnaaru. vishwavidyaalaya vidyaarthigaa athanu regulation dwara avasaramaina sainika suuchanalanu anusarinchaadu, sargent degreeni saadhinchaadu, aapai korilloslo french military mission nirvahinchina courselo aswikadalam yokka mudra vaesaadu. eee degreetho athanu sainyamlo cheraadu mariyu 1910loe eekvaadartho yuddham muppu vachinappudu lambake kuu sameekarinchabaddaadu.
vishwavidyaalaya bodhanalo cherchabaddaadu, athanu shaan marcos yokka sciences facultylo, infinitasimal analysis courselo, modata anubandha professorga (1912) mariyu taruvaata puurti professorga (1918) baadhyatalu nirvartinchaadu.
chaalaa chinna vayassu nunde ayana poura paarteelo sabhyudayyaru. athanu thana sodarulu javier mariyu georg, general askar aarr thoo kalisi maddatu icchaadu. fibravari 4,1914naa jarigina adhyakshudu gillermo billinghurstku vyatiraekamgaa jarigina tirugubaatulo benavides; prabhutva rajabhavanampai jarigina daadiloo palgonnadu, indulo palgonadam valla ataniki leftinentga padoonnati labhinchindi. adhe samvatsaram janavari 19naa athanu thana kante aaru samvatsaraalu peddavaadaina enriqueta harland higginson vivaham chesukunnadu, dheenitho ataniki iddaru pillalu unnaru rosa mariyu manuel prado harland.
1915loe mayer pedro dii osmaa paripaalanalo ayana lima munisipal council sabhyudiga ennikayyaaru. mandalilo ayana panula inspectorga unnaaru, alaage nagara pattana punarvyavastheekarana yokka konni pranaalikalanu roopondinchaaru.
yuva sainika adhikariga, 1914loe adhyakshudu gillermo billingerstnu padagottina tirugubaatulo prado keelaka paatra pooshinchaaru. 1934loe central reserve byaank adhyakshudiga 1939 varaku panicheesaaru.
ayana anubandha vidyut companyla adhyaksha padavini sweekarinchaaru. 1919loe, adhyakshudu aagashtu bii. legua thana padakondava sataabdaanni praarambhinchaadu, serrano 1920 rajyangam 2nuu jaarii cheyadaaniki uddesinchina aaa samvatsaram jaateeya assembleaki huvamachuko provinsku deputyga ennikayyaaru. athanu 19243 varaku saadhaarana senatorga konasagaru. congress nundi athanu adhyakshudu augusto bii yokka tirigi ennika raajakeeyaalaku drudamaina vyatiraekatanu praarambhinchaadu. kabatti athanu 1921loe itara nagarikulato paatu khaidu cheyabadi, chileeki bahishkarinchabaddaadu. chilly nundi athanu fraansku pravaasamloki vellaadu, akkada athanu 1932 varaku unnadu. tirigi vacchina taruvaata athanu peruvian vashpa company boardu chhairman mariyu general manager mariyu central reserve byaank off peru adhyakshudiga unnaaru, idhi 1934 nundi 1939 varaku panichesindi.
1939 ennikalu.
1939 saadhaarana ennikala kosam, adhyakshudu askar aarr. benavids thana adhyaksha abhyardhigaa praadonu enchukunnadu. eee adhikaarika abhyardhitvaaniki vyatiraekamgaa, trujillo, perooku chendina yuva nyaayavaadi ayina jose kwesada laurey, thana pracharam kosam ennikala swechcha kosam pooraadina vaartaapatrika laa prensanu sampaadinchaadu, phalitaalanu taarumaaru cheyadaaniki prabhutvam yokka spashtamaina prayojanam kosam.
desamlo atyanta mukhyamaina party ayina apra paarteeni nishedhinchaaru. maroka mukhyamaina raajakeeya shakti, sancherista viplava union, daani nayakudu luis eah. floors, bahishkarinchabadindi. ennikala samayamlo, prado mariyu kwesada iddaroo apristaalu (apra sabhyulu mariyu maddatudaarulu) maddatunu abhyardhinchaaru, conny vaaru paksham veyavaddani nirnayinchukunnaaru. chinna paarteela ekagrata kosam prado abhyardhigaa pootii chesaaru.
ennikalaku mundu, prabhutvam laa prensanu moosivesindi. gananalu chesinappudu, prado vijaetagaa kanipinchaadu, apaaramaina prayojanamtho. saamuuhika mosam gurinchi charcha jarigindi
modati prabhutvam (1939-1945).
manuel prado december 8,1939naa adhyaksha padavini sweekarinchaadu. appati varaku daadaapu teliyani raajakeeyavetta, athanu padaviloe ekkuva kaalam undanani anchanaa vaesaadu, conny vyuuhaatmaka telivi, vyuuhaatmaka vasyata mariyu vyaktigata aakarshana kalayikanu moharinchaadu, idhi atanni peru yokka atyanta prabhaavavantamaina raajakeeya naayakulalo okarigaa chesindi. ayana prabhutvam ekkuvagaa general benavides chesina panini konasaaginchindi mariyu saapeksha prajaasvaamyaaniki sambandhinchinadi. idhi rendava prapancha yuddham yokka parinaamaalanu chavichusindi, idhi vaanijyampai balamaina prabhavanni choopindi. digumatulu gananeeyamgaa padipoyayi, conny chakkera, patthi, lohaalu, rabbaru vanti egumati utpattulu perigayi. desheeya viniyogam kosam digumati utpattula korata kotta parisramalanu teesukuvacchindi, ivi vijayavantamgaa videshee utpattulanu bharti chesaayi. yuddham aneka "kotta dhanavanthulu" kanipinchela chesindi.
antarjaateeya kramamlo, prado rendu mukhyamaina vijayalu saadhinchindihi
modatidi ekuvaadarku vyatiraekamgaa jarigina vijayavantamaina yuddham mariyu united states, brazil, chilly mariyu argentine haamii icchina reo dii janeero protocol yokka chandha, idhi oka sataabdaaniki paiga peruvian chhaansalaree drushtini aakarshinchina paatha sarihaddu daavaanu parishkarinchadaaniki prayatninchindi. protokaalnu ecudor gurtinchakapovadam valla kontakaalam tarvaata samasya mallee punaruddharinchabadutundi.
rendavadi rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo aksha saktulu (germany, italii mariyu japan) edurkontunna united states mariyu prajaasvaamyaalaku khandantara sangheebhaavam mariyu maddatu vidhanam. aksha saktulatoe sambandhaalanu tenchukunna latin americalo peruu modati desham, mariyu 1942 praarambhamlo reo dii janeerolo jarigina chhaansalarla asaadhaarana samavesamlo, itara american deshaala pratinidhulu united statesku maddatu ivvadaaniki moggu chuupina peruvian vaikhari. eee american anukuulata, united statesnu talara (uttara peru) loe vaimanika sthaavaraanni erpaatu cheyadaaniki anumatinchadam, german mariyu japanese nivaasitulanu saamuhikamgaa nirbandha shibiraalloki bahishkarinchadam vanti konni mitimeerina charyalanu teesukuvacchindi.
desheeya kramamlo, prajaasvaamya prabhutvamgaa pariganhinchabadinappatiki, prado aprista paarteeni chattaviruddhamgaa unchaaru; thana prabhutva chivari samvatsaramlo, saadhaarana ennikala sandarbhamgaa, athanu apraalo palgonadanni chattabaddham chesaadu, aaa sandarbhamgaa idhi "peeples party" paerutoe jaateeya prajaasvaamya frontlo bhaagamgaa undedi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, soviet union mitraraajyaala kuutamiki chendinadi kabatti, antarjaateeya sandarbhaanni anusarinchi, chaalaa mandhi communistlu praadoku maddatu icchaaru.
mukhyamaina rachanalu mariyu vaastavaalu.
ekuvaadarku vyatiraekamgaa vijayavantamaina yuddhamtho paatu, tadupari reo dii janeero protocol paie santakam cheyadamtho paatu, rendava prapancha yuddhamlo paaschaatya prajaasvaamyaalaku maddatutoe, eee krindi panulu prado modati prabhutvamlo jarigaih
1945 saadhaarana ennikala anie piluvabade, 1941loe ekuvaadarku vyatiraekamgaa jarigina yuddhamlo vijaeta ayina general eloy eureta abhyardhitvaanni prado spaansar chesindi. conny atyanta prajaadarana pondina abhyardhitvam nyaayavetta jose luis bustamante vai rivaro, idhi agraatho sahaa paarteela front ledhaa kuutamiki praatinidhyam vahistundihi jaateeya prajaasvaamya front, idhi vijayavantamaindi.
thana padaveekaalam taruvaata, prado prayaaninchi paarislo sthirapaddaadu, akkada athanu sogasaina avenida foach meeda nivaasam kaligi unnadu. limalo, athanu 1939 nundi 1945 varaku bhavanala yajamaniga unnadu.
yoodula holocastpy athani prabhutva vaikhari.
airopalo lakshalaadi mandhi yoodula kramabaddhamaina nirmuulananu edurkonna ayana, thana chhaansalar daa. alfredo solph dii muro, peruuloo pravesam korina yoodulaku veesaalu niraakarinche kathinamaina vidhananni amalu chesaaru, vaaru kontha maranam nundi tappinchukovadaaniki teevramgaa prayatninchinappatikii.
prapancha aabharanaala ammayila" abhyardhanaku pradhana prabhutvam pratikuula pratispandana chaalaa apakhyaati paalaindi, tadwara peru, prapanchamlooni aneka deshaala maadirigaane, yuddham dwara anaathulaina yoodu pillalanu cherchukovadaniki angeekaristundi, veetini peruuloo nivasistunna 20 mandhi yoodulapai nirvahinchi, vidyaavantulanu cheyavalasi untundi. peruvian prabhutvam, chhaansalar dwara daa. solph mariyu muro, 1944loe 4 nundi 10 samvatsaraala vayassu gala 200 mandhi yoodu pillalanu cherchukovalasina abhyardhananu tiraskarinchaaru, taruvaata vaarini ashwitz vadda hatya chesaaru.
holocast samayamlo switzerlandloni peruvian rayabara karyalayam kosam panichesina peruvian doutyavetta jose maria barreto athani sthaanaaniki udaaharanagaa nilustundi. mister. barreto yoodulapai naajii krooratvamtho kadilinchabadindi, mariyu 58 mandhi yoodulanu (14 mandhi pillalatho sahaa) rakshinchadaaniki peruvian pasportlanu jaarii cheyaalani dhikkaram chesindi. peruvian chhaansalaree neerchukunna tarvaata aame pasportlanu raddu chesindi, geneevaalooni rayabara karyalayanni moosivesindi mariyu jose maria baretoni tolaginchindi, athani raajakeeya vruttini naasanam chesindi.
prado rendava adhyaksha padaviloe (1956-1962), ekaika mukhyamaina nishedhinchabadina party apra (american prajaadarana pondina viplavaatmaka kootami), dheenini 1948loe adhyakshudu manuel odria adhikaram nundi tarimikottaaru mariyu nishedhinchaaru. apra nuu marosari chattabaddham cheyadaaniki kottagaa ennikaina congressku oka billunu samarpistaanani prado prakatinchaaru. eee billu taruvaata aamodinchabadindi mariyu apra yokka prakhyaata vyavasthaapakudu, victor raal haya day laa torre, videshee pravasam nundi tirigi vacchaadu.
modati prabhutva videsanga vidhanam.
videsanga vidhaanamlo, 1942loe adhyakshudiga paerunu aksha saktulatoe sambandhaalanu tenchukunna dakshina america deshaalalo modati desamgaa chesinanduku atyanta garvamgaa bhaavinchina prado, yuu thoo drudhamgaa paksham vestaarani bhaavinchaaru.ess. rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo united statesku japanese santatiki chendina peruviyanlanu bahishkarinchadaaniki prado yokka utsaahabharitamaina maddatu daani japanese-santatiki chendina nivaasitulandarinii tolaginchaalane korikatho prerepinchabadindani choopinche documentary aadharalu unnaayi-kontamandi charitrakaarulu jaathi prakshaalana prachaaraaniki samanamani vaadinchaaru.
rendava prabhutvam (1956-1962).
juun 17,1956naa ennikalu jarigaayi. adhikaarika phalitaalu eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaih manuel prado yugarteche, 568,134 otlu (45.5%); fernando belande terrie, 457,638 otlu (36.7%) mariyu hernando dii lavalle, 222,323 otlu (17.8%).
prado rendava adhyaksha padaviloe (1956-1962), ekaika mukhyamaina nishedhinchabadina party apra (american prajaadarana pondina viplavaatmaka kootami), dheenini 1948loe adhyakshudu manuel odria adhikaram nundi tarimikottaaru mariyu nishedhinchaaru. apra nuu marosari chattabaddham cheyadaaniki kottagaa ennikaina congressku oka billunu samarpistaanani prado prakatinchaaru. eee billu taruvaata aamodinchabadindi mariyu apra yokka prakhyaata vyavasthaapakudu, victor raal haya day laa torre, videshee pravasam nundi tirigi vacchaadu.
eee prabhutvam aardhika sankshobham prerepinchina gandaragola vaataavaranamloo abhivruddhi chendindi, idhi perugutunna aandolanakaramaina lakshanaalatoo tananu taanu pradarsinchindi; bhuu samskaranala saakshaatkaaraaniki anukuulamgaa graameena praantaallo talettina gandaragolam mariyu laa bria mariyu parinas yokka chamuru kshetraala punaruddharana kosam jaateeya paridhi yokka balamaina pracharam kaaranamgaa, idhi chattaviruddhamgaa american company antarjaateeya petrolium companyni nirvahinchadam konasaaginchindi. pratipaksha naayakatvaanni vaastusilpi belande sweekarinchaaru, ayana oka kotta saamuuhika paarteeni nirvahinchaaruh prajala charya, idhi tadupari saadhaarana ennikalaku siddhamavutondi, akkada aayanaku praamukhyata untundi. vaartaapatrikalu ell camercio vai laa prensa kooda vyatiraekimchaayi, idhi prado kutumbaaniki chendina vaartaapatrika laa chronicanu edurkolekapoyindi, endukante idhi kreedalu mariyu pooliisu samasyalapai ekkuva drushti saarinchindi. aardhika kramamlo, atipedda samasya budget swabhaavam, idhi 1957loe united stateslo utpatti cheyabadina maandyaaniki muulam. egumati utpattulu gananeeyamgaa ksheeninchaayi mariyu dollarlu koratagaa unnaayi, kabatti peruvian currency viluva tagginchabadindi. pedro zii. laa prensa vaartaapatrika director ayina beltron, appudu prabhutvaaniki maddatugaa vellaaru (1959) aardhika mantrigaa mariyu mantrula mandaliki adhyakshudiga niyaminchabaddaaru. dravyaanni kramabaddhikarinchadam, budgetnu samatulyam cheyadam mariyu karenseeni sthireekarinchadam, idhi modata perugutunna gasoline, aahara raayiteelanu tagginchadam mariyu pannu bharanni penchadam vanti janaadarana laeni charyalanu avalambinchakundaa saadhinchabadindi. idhi udaaravaada vidhanam.
aaa samvatsaraallo parvataala valasalu chaalaa abhivruddhi chendaayi mariyu lima chuttoo unna murikivaadalu perigayi, rajadhani chuttoo "durbharamaina pattanam" gurinchi matladatam modalayyindi. mottammeeda, bhayankaramaina paristhitulalo jeevistuunae unna jaateeya majority paristhiti mariyu paristhitini meruguparachadaaniki prado peddagaa cheyaledu.
prabhutvam mugimpu sameepistunna koddi, prajalalo asantrupti kaadanalenidigaa undindi. sammelu tagginchabaddaayi mariyu veedhullo himsaatmaka nirasanalu kooda jarigaayi. aardhika vidhaanamtho paatu, rashtrapati sonta vyaktitvam, kashta samayaallo aadambaramgaa mariyu panikimaalinadigaa vimarsinchabadindi.
vyaktigata sthaayilo, 1958loe catholic charchi limena laedii chlorinda malaganu vivaham chesukovadaniki thana vivahanni raddu cheyagaligindi, idhi limena samaajamlooni sampradaayavaada rangamlo chinna kumbhakoonaaniki kaaranamaindi. 1961loe rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata japaannu sandarsinchina modati videshee desaadhinetagaa ayana nilichaaru.
mukhyamaina rachanalu mariyu vaastavaalu.
eee prabhutvam yokka pradhana vaastavaalu
tirugubaatu dwara tolagimpu.
thana prabhutva mugimpulo pradhana abhyardhulatho ennikalaku pilupunicchaaruh
1962 juun 10naa ennikalu jarigaayi. lekkimpu mugimpulo aaa samayamlo raajakeeya rajyangam prakaram yea abhyardhi kooda moodinta oka vanthu otlanu pondaledu, deenivalla congress atyadhika otlanu pondina vaarilo okarini enchukovaalsina avasaram erpadindi, ivi paina perkonna moodu. eee paristhitiki eee mugguru pradhana pratyarthulalo kaneesam iddari madhya oppandam avasaram. kontamandiki asadhaaranamgaa, rendu balamaina satruvulaina hage mariyu odria madhya oppandam kudirindi, rendodi republic adhyaksha padavini sweekaristundani gurthunchukondi. conny prabhutvam konni vibhagalalo mosam chesindani aaropinchabadindi, kabatti general ricardo perez goday adhyakshatana saayudha dalaala ummadi command ennikalanu raddu cheyaalani prabhutvaanni demand chesindi.
poura jeevitampai drushti saarinchina samskaranavaada charyalu teesukunnanduna peruvian saayudha dalaalu prado paripalananu vyatiraekimchaayi, dheeni phalitamgaa sainyam saampradaaya unnatavargaalu mariyu catholic charchi nundi takkuva maddatunu pondindi. 1962 juulai 18naa prabhutva rajabhavanam yokka gaardu udayam 3.20 gantalaku kanipinchaledu.emm.kalnal gonzalo briseno jevallos netrutvamloni saayudha vibhagam rajabhavanampai daadi chesi, adhyakshudu mariyu athani sahacharulanu arrestu chesindi, vaaru tirugubaatuku avakaasam undani mundhe oohinchaaru. adhe rojuna praadonu calavo yokka naukaadala aayudhaagaaraaniki ravana chesi, calavo baap (shaan lorenzo dveepamlo langaru veyabadindi) loe bayaludaeraadu, akkada athanu juulai 28naa thana padaveekaalam mugise varaku nirbandhinchabaddaadu. augustu 1naa athanu swachchandamgaa desham vidichi paarislo sthirapaddaadu.
ennikalanu raddu chesi kotta vaatini samavesapariche sainika paalaka mandalini erpaatu chesaaru. saayudha dalaala eee samsthaagata tirugubaatu yokka nijamaina uddesyam ippatikee sainyamlo lothugaa paatukupoyina apra vyatiraekata anie cheppabadindi, vaaru saha-prabhutvamlo kooda apra palananu korukoledu.
taruvaata jeevitam.
prado peru vadili mallii paarislo sthirapaddaadu. athanu calavo yuddham (mae 2,1966) shatabdi utsavaalanu puraskarinchukuni thana maatrubhoomini kluptamgaa sandarsinchaadu, speyin thoo sangharshana chivari dasalo paeru vellina adhyakshudu mariano ignacio prado kumarudiga unnanduku aayanaku nivaali arpinchaaru. athanu taruvaati samvatsaram french rajadhanilo maraninchaadu. athanu thana tandri pakkana unna presbytro mastro smasaanavaatikalo khananam cheyabaddaadu.