
paal rii

paal ludwig carle heinrich rii (21 november 1849-28 october 1901) oka german rachayita, vaidyudu, tatwavetta mariyu friedrich neetse snehitudu.
prarambha jeevitam.
rii baltic samudram yokka dakshina tiiraaniki sameepamlo unna "rittergut adlig bartelshagen aam grabo" anae goppa estatelo rashyaalooni pomerania provinceloni bartelshagenlo janminchaadu. athanu sammilita yoodu tallidandrula moodava santaanam, hamberg nundi lard off dhi maanar ferdinand phillip rii mariyu gennie juulii philippean rii (nee gennie emily juulii georgine jonas).
vrutti.
aalochanala charitralo, athanu pradhanamgaa thana sonta hakkulo oka mukhyamaina tatvavettagaa kakunda, friedrich neetseto sneham dwara sahayaka vyaktigaa piluvabaddadu. athani paatra mariyu pani yokka saadhaarana teerpulu chaalaa varaku neetse mariyu vaari paraspara snehitudu lou andreas-salom yokka suutreekaranalaku tirigi veltaayi.
oka dhanavanthudaina vyaapaaravaetta, bhuswamy kumarudiga rii yokka hodha ataniki leapsig vishwavidhyaalayamlo tatvasaastram, nyaayasaastram adhyayanam cheyadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. thana kutumbam nundi andukunna nelawari bhatyam athani chaduvulo thana sonta prayojanaalanu konasaaginchadaaniki anumatinchindi. athanu darwin, shopenhour mariyu laa bruyer mariyu laa rochefoucald vanti french rachayitalanu chadivaadu. rae thana vibhina adhyayanalanu "manasika pariseelanalu" anae sheershikato militam chesi, maanava swabhaavaanni suutraalu, saahitya mariyu taatvika vivarana dwara vivarinchaadu. 1875 natiki, rii haalii nundi doctorateku arhata saadhinchi, aristatle yokka "neethi" loe "goppa" paie oka vyasanni roopondinchaadu.
rii yokka pustakam "naitika anubhoothula muulam" ekkuvagaa 1877 saradrutuvulo sorentolo vraayabadindi, ikkada rii mariyu neetsche iddaroo malvida vaan mysenbugh ahvanam meraku panicheesaaru. eee pustakam rendu prasnalaku samadhanam ivvadaaniki prayatninchindi. modata, maanavulalo paropakaara bhaavaala sambhavaanni vivarinchadaaniki rii prayatninchaadu. rendavadi, paropakaara bhavalanu naitikamgaa soochinche vivaranaatmaka prakriyanu vivarinchadaaniki rii prayatninchaadu. manasika pariseelanalu" yokka teermaanaalanu punarudghaatistuu, satabdaalugaa empika dwara balopetam cheyabadina paropakaaramu anedi sahajamaina maanava prerana anie rii paerkonnaaru.
1877loe prachurinchabadina "naitika anubhoothula muulam" anedi rii yokka rendava pustakam. ayana modatidi "manasika pariseelanalu" anae paerutoe undindi. naitika anubhoothula muulam" loe, rii eee pustakam prerakamgaa undani mundumaatalo prakatinchaaru. athanu modata manishi yokka naitika swabhaavaanni kaligi unnaadani bhaavinchina anubhavika drugvishayaanni gamaninchi, aapai vaati muulaalanu pariseelinchaadu. konni charyalu manchivi, marikonni cheddaviga bhaavistaamu anae aavarana nundi rii munduku sagaru. taruvaati nundi nerasthula manassakshi vachindi. swechhaa sankalpaanni tiraskarinchadamlo rii aneka mandhi tatvavettalanu anusarinchaaru. swechcha yokka lopam, nyaya bhavana abhivruddhi venuka undani rii perkonnaduh
manchi chedula yokka adhibhouthika vivaranalanu rii tiraskarinchaadu; naitika drugvishayaanni vaati sahaja kaaranaala nundi tirigi kanugonna darwin mariyu lamarc andinchinavi uttama vivaranalu anie athanu bhaavinchaadu. mana naitika manobhaavaalu aneka taraala kaalamlo sambhavinchina maarpula phalitamani rii vaadinchaaru. lamarc maadirigaane, sampaadinchina alavaatlanu taruvaati taraalaku sahaja lakshanaalugaa badilee cheyavachani rii vaadinchaaru. sampaadinchina alavatuga, paropakaara pravartana chivariki sahaja lakshanamgaa maarindi. paropakaara pravartana entha prayojanakaramgaa undho, daani phalitaalato paatu, daaniloonae manchi vishayam anie besharatugaa prasamsimchabadimdani rii paerkonnaaru.
naitikata yokka vamsapaaramparyampai" mundumaatalo rii yokka "naitika anubhoothula muulam" nuu neetse vimarsinchaaru, "bahusha neenu eee pustakaaniki chesinanta varaku, pratipaadana dwara pratipaadana, mugimpu dwara mugimpu, neenu vaddu anie cheppe dheninee neenu eppuduu chadavaledu; ayinappatikee chaalaa chedu-haasyam ledhaa asahanam lekunda."
lou salomto vaari paraspara prameyam kaaranamgaa 1882 chivaralo neetseto rii sneham vichchinnamaindi. rii practies chese vaidyudu ayyadu.
maranam.
1901 aktobaru 28naa celerina sameepamloni swiss alps loe hiking chestunnappudu rii padipovadamtho maraninchaadu. adhe roeju athani mrutadeham inn nadiloe kanugonabadindi.
neetse jeevitacharitrakaarudu rudigar safransky prakaram, rii oka "jaarudu konda" nundi padipoyindi, mariyu idhi "pramaadavasaattu jariginda ledhaa aatmahatya ayinda anedi aspashtamgaa undhi."thana maranaaniki kontakaalam mundu, rii prakatinchaadu," neenu tatvasaastram neerchukoevaali. tatvasaastram gurinchi naaku samacharam lenappudu, neenu chanipovadam manchidi."

