
jiang kaangu

jiang kaangu (hepburn "coco"), aanglamlo kiang kaang-huu anie pilavabadataaniki ishtapadevaadu (juulai 18,1883-december 7,1954), republic off chainaalo raajakeeyavetta mariyu kaaryakarta. athani puurvapu paeru "shavokwan" () mariyu athanu "hsu aann-cheng" () paerutoe kooda raasaadu.
jiang modatlo arachaka siddhaantaalachae aakarshinchabaddadu mariyu chainaalo modati arachaka-saamyavaada party ayina chaina soshalistu paarteeni erpaatu chesaadu, idhi 1911 nundi 1913 varaku unikilo undhi. athani rajakeeyaalu marinta sampradayavadamga maaradamtho, athanu shangailo dakshina vishwavidyaalayaanni sthaapinchaadu, berkleylooni california vishwavidhyaalayamlo bodhinchaadu mariyu kenadaaloni mcgill vishwavidhyaalayamlo chainees studies vibhaagaaniki adhyakshudayyadu. rendava saino-japanese yuddha samayamlo athanu japan-praayojita punarvyavastheekarinchina chaina jaateeya prabhutvamlo cheraadu. yuddham taruvaata athanu desadrohigaa arrestu cheyabaddaadu mariyu 1954loe shanghai jailulo maraninchaadu.
jeevita charitra.
prarambha jeevitam.
ayana chainaalooni jiangjeeloni yianglo janminchaaru. japan, inglish, french mariyu german bhaashalalo chadive saamardhyalu kaligina jiang, airopa mariyu japaanlalo chaduvutuu, prayaanistuu socialism mariyu araachakavaadam patla abhiruchini pempondinchukovadam praarambhinchaadu. 1909loe ayana brasselslo jarigina rendava antarjaateeya samavesaniki hajarayyaru. chainaku tirigi vacchina taruvaata, athanu yuvan shikay kuu vidya salahadaruga panicheesaadu.
prarambha raajakeeya mariyu saahitya karyakalapalu.
jiang pecking vishwavidhyaalayamlo professorga kontakaalam panicheesaaru, conny athani saiddhaantika teevravaadam kaaranamgaa aaa sthaanam nundi tolaginchabaddaaru. 1911 augustulo, pecking vishwavidhyaalayamlo thana padavini kolpoyina koddikaalaanike, jiang kaangu socialism kosam sanghaanni sthaapinchaadu, novemberlo daanini chaina soshalistu partyga paeru marchadu. marusati samvatsaram jiang tananu taanu samskaranavaadaaniki ankitam chesukunnadu, shaa gunn () mariyu aneka araachakavaadulu jiang party nundi vaidolagadaaniki daariteesaaru. 1913 saradrutuvulo, yuvan shikay aadesaala meraku chainees soshalistu party raddu cheyabadindi, jiang united statesku vellaadu. athanu berkleylooni california vishwavidhyaalayamlo bodhakudu ayyadu, akkada athanu vishwavidhyaalayaaniki 10,000 chainees pustakaala sekarananu samarpinchaadu. 1920loe ayana chainaku tirigi vacchaaru.
berkley bodhistunnappudu, jiang thoti adhyapaka sabhyudini kalusukunnaru, athanu telivainavaadu, mariyu vaariddari kavitvam patla prema aadhaaramgaa sudeerghakaalam snehaanni penchukunnaaru. bainnar taruvaata aayananu "sunnitamaina panditudu" gaa, "suutrapraayamaina, saahasopetamaina vyakti" gaa gurthu chesukunnaru.chainees saahityam mariyu kavitvam nundi jiang yokka off-handed ullekhanaalu canonical sankalanam," "moodu vandala tong kavitala" "anuvaadampai sahakaaraaniki daariteesaayi". jiang padaala dwara padaalanu saahitya anuvaadaala dwara andinchaadu, taruvaata bainnar aanglamlo kavitalu raasaadu, idhi vishwaasam mariyu saahitya naanhyata yokka adbhutamaina samatulyatanu saadhinchindi. eee valume "dhi jade mountain" (newyork nopef, 1928) gaa prachurinchabadindi, idhi nirantaram mudranalo undhi.
jiang thana jeevitaantam thana vyaktigata parichayala dwara, thana vidyaaparamaina pani dwara, thana rachana dwara thana abhipraayaalanu pracharam chestune unnadu. araachakavaada siddhaantaalu oppinchalenippudu, athanu liu shifu vanti araachakavaada medhaavulatho vistrutamaina bahiranga charchanu nirvahinchaadu, idhi vaari vyatyaasaalanu spashtam chesindi. athani abhiprayalu samakaaleena chaineeyulanu prabhaavitam chesaayi, vaaru taruvaata chainaalo pradhana raajakeeya vyaktulugaa maararu. athanu vaari nundi vidipoyina taruvaata, chaina araachakavaadulu jiang "nissahayamgaa gandaragolaniki gurayyadani" aaropinchaaru."eee gandaragolam maavo jedangku spashtamgaa kanipinchaledu, athanu taruvaata oka vidyaarthigaa, jiang rachanalu thana sonta raajakeeya, saamaajika mariyu aardhika siddhaantaala abhivruddhipai pradhana prabhavanni chuupaayani paerkonnaadu.
vidya vrutti.
thana abhipraayaala dwara jiang "saamaajika confucian" gaa prasiddhi chendaadu. puraatana kaalamlo kinn raajavamsam bhoomi yokka praja yajamanyanni raddu chesina taruvaata adrusyamaina baavi-kshetra vyavastha chuttoo nirminchina vyavasaya saamyavaada aadarsadhaamam unikilo undani vaadinchadam dwara jiang vyavasayanni jaateeyam cheyadaaniki saampradaaya manjoorunu andinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu (jiang dheenini bhuswamya samakaaleena paddhathulatho gurtinchaadu). jiang, veelainanta ekkuva sthaanika swayam paalana, saarvatrika prabhutva paatasaala vidyanu erpaatu cheyadam, mahilala hakkula purogati vanti prabhutva netrutvamloni vegavantamaina paarisraamikeekarana namuunaa ayina private aastini raddu cheyadaanni prothsahinchaaru.
1921 eprillo jiang soviet unionnu sandarsinchaaru. athanu mascolo jarigina moodava prapancha congresslo paalgoni vladimir leninnu kalisaadu. 1921 augustulo jiang chainaku tirigi vacchaadu. 1921 septembarulo jiang shangailo dakshina vishwavidyaalayaanni sthaapinchi aaa vishwavidhyaalayaaniki adhyakshudayyadu. ayana dakshinaadi adhyakshudiga unnappudu, jiang comminternnu vimarsinchaaru mariyu kumintang mariyu chaina communist party rendintinee bahirangamgaa vyatiraekimchaaru.
1922loe, shanxilo raajakeeya, saamaajika, aardhika samskaranalanu amalu cheyavalasina avasaram gurinchi sthaanika yuddha naayakudaina yaan jishaannu oppinchaalane uddesyamto jiang moodusaarlu shanxiloni taayuvaannu sandarsinchaaru. aaa samayamlo samskaranala kosam jiang chesina suuchanalanu anusarinchamani yannu oppinchadamlo jiang chivariki viphalamainappatiki, jiang aalochanalu yaan meeda goppa mariyu shaashwata mudra vaesaayi. taruvaati rendu dasaabdaallo, yaan jiang pratipaadinchina vaatitho chaalaa saaruupyamaina aalochanalu mariyu paddhatulanu avalambistaaru. yaan jiang nundi teesukunna pratyeka aalochanalalo graamam yokka mahima, dabbu aardhika vyavastha patla ayishtata, gatamlo kutumbam kaligi unna baadhyatalanu rashtram tappaka chepattaalane nammakam, "paraannajeevula" (ekkuvagaa bhuswamulu mariyu runadaatalu) patla dvesham, mariyu aaa abhyasam (antey.ii. saareeraka shrama) anedi abhyaasamlo vidadeeyaraani bhaagam.
1924 juunloo jiang chainees soshalistu paarteeni tirigi sthaapinchi, 1925 janavarilo daanini chaina yokka kotta soshal democratic partyga paeru marcharu. uttara dandayaatralo, jiang, chiang kaii-shake jaateeya viplavaatmaka sainyaniki vyatiraekamgaa pooraadina biang general vu peephutho sannihitamgaa sahakarinchaadu. chiang kaii-shake chetilo vu peephu odipoyina taruvaata, jiang quimintang chetha bahirangamgaa vimarsinchabaddaadu. praja vyatiraekata edurkuntu jiang thana paarteeni raddu chesi kenadaaku paaripoyaadu.
american paropakari guan gest 1926loe thana vyaktigata 110,000-valuemla shaastreeya chainees library sekarananu montriyalku kanugonappudu, mcgill vishwavidyaalayam 1930loe jiangnu kenada yokka chainees studies yokka modati professorga niyaminchindi. mcgillo thana moodella padaveekaalamlo, jiang "chainees christian vidyaarthi" pageelalo mutyaala "manchi bhoomi" paie daadi cheyadam dwara antarjaateeya apakeertini pondaadu. raitulu, kuuliilu mariyu itara vinayapoorvakamaina vyaktulu chaina janabhalo adhika sankhyalo unnappatikee, vaaru "khachitamgaa chaina prajalaku pratinidhi kaadu" anie jiang raasaaru." 
1933loe jiang chainaku tirigi vacchi, saamyavaadam, saampradaaya chainees samskrutini prothsahinchadaaniki tananu taanu ankitam chesukunnadu. 1935loe, yaan jishan shanxilo bhuu samskarana vyavasthanu amalu chese pranaalikalanu prakatinchina taruvaata, jiang mallee taiyuvaannu sandarsinchaaru. eee samayamlo yaan gurinchi jiang yokka abhiprayam entha goppaga undho, jiang yannu prasamsistuu oka vyaasam raasaadu, yuddha nayakudini "saiddhaantika saamyavaadi kante aacharanaatmakamainavaadu" anie pilichadu."
wang jingveetho sahakaram.
rendava sino-japanese yuddham praarambhamaina taruvaata, jiang hankangku paaripoyaadu. 1939loe wang jingvi aayananu nanjing kendramgaa unna wang yokka punarvyavastheekarinchina chaina jaateeya prabhutvamlo sthaanam pondadaaniki aahvaninchaaru. jiang wang pratipaadananu angeekarinchi, shangaiki prayaaninchaadu, akkada athanu "eee paristhiti gurinchi shuvangshiji prakatana" () vrasadu, kotta thoorpu asea kramaanni sthaapinchaadani nokki cheppadu. 1942 maarchilo jiang pareekshaku yuvan adhipatigaa niyaminchabaddaadu, sibbandi mantrigaa panicheesaadu, gatamlo taanu nirvahinchina dakshina vishwavidyaalayaanni tirigi terichaadu. prabhutvamlo thana sthaanam unnappatikee, ayana daani vidhaanaalanu, mukhyamgaa aahara sarafara samasyapai vimarsistuunae unnaaru. 
japan longipovadam, chaina yokka sahakaara punarvyavastheekarinchina jaateeya prabhutvam kuppakuulina taruvaata, jiang kaangunu chiang kaii-shake yokka jaateeyavaada prabhutvam "hanjian" (desadrohi) gaa arrestu chesi, jeevita khaidu vidhinchindi. peeples republic off chaina sthaapinchabadina taruvaata, athanu tilankiao jailulo shangailo khaidu cheyabaddaadu. 1954 december 7naa poeshakaahaara lopam, kshayavyadhi kaaranamgaa jiang kaangu jailulo maraninchaadu.

