baibil yokka chaaritrakata

baibil yokka chaaritrakata anedi charithratho baibil yokka sambandhaanni gurinchina prasna-idhi charitragaa baibil yokka aamodayogyatanu matrame kakunda baibil kathanam yokka saahitya roopaalanu ardham chesukogala saamarthyaanni kooda kaligi untundi. kraistava kotta nibandhana chaaritraka yesu mariyu apostolic yugam yokka khachitamaina namodu kaadaa anae muulyaankanaaniki baibil chaaritrakatanu vistarinchavacchu. idhi panditudi abhiprayanni batti maarutuu untundi.
baibil pustakaalanu adhyayanam chesetappudu, panditulu bhagala chaaritraka sandarbham, rachayitalu sanghatanalaku aapaadinchina praamukhyata mariyu eee sanghatanala vivaranalu mariyu itara chaaritraka saakshyaala madhya vyatyaasaanni pariseelistaaru. aneka sataabdaala kaalamlo rachinchabadina mariyu savarinchabadina sahakaara rachana kaavadamtho, baibil yokka chaaritrakata daani vishayaalannintilo sthiramgaa ledhu. 
vedanti thamus ell. baibil minimalism" anie kooda piluvabade copenhagen paatasaala pratinidhi ayina thampson, puraavastu namodu paatha nibandhana yokka kathanaalanu charitragaa arudaina mariyu paroksha aadhaaraalanu andistundi. itarulu, puraavastu shaastravetta vilium zii. ayithe, baibil puraavastu shaastram paatha nibandhana kathalanu dhruveekarinchindani mariyu savaalu chesindani bhavinchandi. copan haggen paatasaala marinta samuulamaina vidhananni dever vimarsinchinappatikii, athanu baibil saahityavetta kaadu, mariyu baibil puraavastu shaastram yokka uddesyam kevalam baibil kathanaaniki maddatu ivvadam ledhaa apakeerti kaliginchadam kaadani, conny daani swantha adhyayana rangamgaa undaalani bhaavistaadu.
padaarthaalu mariyu paddhatulu.
vraatapratulu mariyu niyamaalu.
baibil bahula vraatapratulalo undhi, vaatilo edhee autograph kaadu, mariyu bahula baibil niyamaalu, ivi yea pustakaalaku chaerchadaaniki taginanta adhikaram ledhaa vaati kramamlo puurtigaa angeekarinchavu. vividha apocrypha yokka minahaayimpu ledhaa ekikarana gurinchi prarambha charchalalo core yokka chaaritrakata gurinchi prarambha aalochana untundi. ionian ghnaanoodayam justine amaraveerudu mariyu tertullion vanti prarambha poeshakulanu prabhaavitam chesindi-iddaroo baibil grandhaalanu itara mataala puraanaala nundi bhinnamgaa (mariyu marinta chaaritrakatanu kaligi unnatlu) chuusaaru. sains mariyu grandhaala madhya vyatyaasam gurinchi augusteinku telusu mariyu baibil grandhaala chaaritrakatanu samarthinchaaru, udhaa.zii., foustus off myelve vaadanalaku vyatiraekamgaa.
baibilnu puraatana prapanchamlooni itara chaaritraka (ledhaa saahitya) muulaala nundi bhinnamgaa pariganincharaadani charitrakaarulu bhaavistunnaaru. udaaharanaku, herodotus yokka chaaritrakata gurinchi sandehaalanu polchavachhu; eee charchala paryavasanamga charitrakaarulu chaaritraka punarnirmaanam kosam puraatana vanarulanu upayoginchadam maaneyaalsina avasaram ledhu, conny alaa chesetappudu unna samasyala gurinchi telusukovali.
chaalaa takkuva grandhaalu praacheena kaalam nundi neerugaa manugada saagistunnaayi chaalaa varaku coppy cheyabaddaayi-konni, chaalaa saarlu. coppy cheyabadina manuscript yokka khachitatvanni nirnayinchadaaniki, likhita vimarsakulu charitra gundaa transcripts vaati prastuta roopaalaku vellina vidhananni pariseelistaaru. tolinati grandhaala sthirathvam entha ekkuvagaa unte, vaati vachana viswasaneeyata antha ekkuvagaa untundi, mariyu samvatsaraalugaa vishayaamsham marchabade avakaasam antha takkuvagaa untundi. bahula kaapeelanu kooda vachana rakaluga vargeekarinchavachhu, konni rakalu itarulakanna oohaatmaka originalku daggaragaa nirnayinchabadataayi.
charitra rayadam mariyu chadavadam.
charitra" anae padaaniki ardham saamaajika mariyu chaaritraka sandarbhampai aadharapadi untundi. udaaharanaku, paula maknat, paatha nibandhana kathanaalu perkontundi
praacheena kaalam nundi, matha grandhaala vidyaarthulaku grandhaalaloni konni bhaagaalanu khachitamgaa sthiramaina sanghatanala kramanniga ardham chesukolerani avagahana undedi. moodava sataabdapu guruvu abba arika "thoraalo kalakramanusaram ledhu" anie cheppina oka suutraanni talmud udaharinchaaru. abraham joshuva heshel (1907-1972) prakaram, rabbi ishmael (cree. sha. 90 loe janminchina) abhipraayaalanu anusarinche vaari madhya konasagutunna upanyaasam, "thoraa maanava bhaashalo maatlaadutundi", rabbi akiwa (50-135) yokka marinta aadhyaatmika vidhaanamtho poliste, atuvanti vichalanalu evaina lothaina kramam ledhaa uddesyaanni suuchimchaali, daivaparachabadaali.
aadhunika yugamlo, baibil charitra yokka drushti kooda vaividhyabharitamgaa maarindi. W thoo anubandhinchabadina baibil puraavastu project.eff. puraatana grandhaalu mariyu sameepa thoorpuloni bhouthika avasheshaala dwara bybillo vivarinchina sanghatanala chaaritrakatanu dhruveekarinchadaaniki prayatninchina albrite (1891-1971), puraavastu shaastravetta vilium dever (bii. 1933). baibil rikaardunu ardham chesukovadamlo thana kramasikshana paatranu charchinchadamlo, daivakarta vedaantasaastram yokka charitra (devudu mariyu vishwaasula madhya sambandham), raajakeeya charitra (saadhaaranamgaa "goppa vyaktula" kathanam), kathana charitra (sanghatanala kalakramam), medho charitra (aalochanalu mariyu vaati abhivruddhi, sandarbham mariyu parinaamam), saamaajika-saamskrutika charitra (kutumbam, vamsam, tega mariyu saamaajika taragati mariyu raashtramlo vaari saamaajika aadhaaraalatho sahaa samsthalu), saamskrutika charitra (mottam saamskrutika parinaamam, janabha, saamaajika-aardhika mariyu raajakeeya nirmaanam mariyu jaathi), saanketika charitra (maanavulu tama paryaavarana vanarulaku anugunamgaa, dopidi chesi, upayoginchukune paddhatulu), sahaja charitra (maanavulu tama sahaja paryaavarana paryaavarana vaastavaalanu elaa kanugoni, vatiki anugunamgaa maarutaaru), mariyu bhouthika charitra (maanava pravartanalo kalakhandala paraspara sambandham) vanti aneka charitralanu suuchimchaadu.
kathana charitra mariyu vedaantaparamaina ardham madhya sambandhampai bhinnamaina drukpathaalu baibil yokka chaaritrakatanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki pratyeka savaalunu andistaayi. baibil saahityam yokka maddatudaarulu "baibil yokka khachitatvam mariyu asamarthatha aadhyaatmika, mataparamaina ledhaa vimukti itivruttaalaku parimitam anie, charitra mariyu vignaana rangaalalo vaadanalaku matrame parimitam anie khandinchaaru. srushti mariyu varadapai grandha bodhananu tippikottadaaniki bhoomi charitra gurinchi shaastreeya parikalpanalanu sarigga upayoginchavacchani memu khandistunnamu."charitra", ledhaa pratyaekamgaa baibil charitra, eee sandarbhamlo sanghatanalu mariyu charyala yokka khachitamaina mariyu tudi chatraanni suuchistumdi-odaarputoe suparichitamaina bhaagaswaamya vaastavaalu-oka sarvagna madhyayuga charitra, pratyaamnaaya vruttaamtaalu, manasika vivaranalu ledhaa saahitya natana vantivi. conny pramukha panditulu puurtigaa vyatiraeka abhipraayaalanu vyaktam chesaru 
[puttukalo pithruswaamikulaku icchina vaagdaanam gurinchi kathalu chaaritrakamainavi kaavu, ledhaa avi chaaritrakamainavi kaavu; avi chaaritraatmakamgaa nirnayinchabadina vyakteekaranalu, izrael mariyu daani devunito izrael yokka sambandham, vaari kaalaaniki chattabaddhamaina roopaallo ivvabaddaayi, mariyu vaari nijam vaari vaastavikatalo ledhaa chaaritrakatalo ledhu, conny izrael anubhavinchina vaastavikatanu vyakteekarinchae vaari saamardhyamlo undhi.
aadhunika vruttiparamaina charitrakaarulu, konasagutunna chaaritraka punarvimarsavaadam yokka drugvishayam gurinchi telisina vaaru, "emi jarigindo" anae vaari vivaranalalo kotta anveshanalu mariyu aalochanalanu anumatistaaru, mariyu grandhaala adhyayanamlo praaveenyam unna panditulu (entha pavithramainappatiki) anni kathanaalanu nammadaganivigaa mariyu anni vruttaamtaalanu-mukhyamgaa savarinchina vruttaamtaalu-chaaritraatmakamgaa asampoornamainavi, samayalu mariyu paristhitula dwara pakshapaatamto untaayi.
hebru baibil/paatha nibandhana.
rachayita.
baibil yokka chaaritraka adhikaaraaniki kendra stambham emitante, vivarinchina sanghatanalaku pradhana natulu ledhaa pratyaksha saakshulu dheenini rachinchina sampradaayam-pentatuke anedi moshe rachana, joshuva pustakam joshuva rachana, modalainavi. edemaina, protestant samskarana vaastava grandhaalanu chaalaa vistruta prekshakulaku teesukuvacchindi, idhi 17va sataabdamloo perugutunna medho puliyabettadam vaataavaranamtho kalipi ghnaanoodaya yuganiki naandi palikindi. idhi eee saampradaaya vaadanalapai kathinamaina, anumaanaaspada drushtini aakarshinchindi. protestant inglandlo, tatwavetta thamus hobbs thana pradhana rachana "leviathon" (1651) loe pentatuke yokka mosaic rachayitatvaanni khandinchaaru, mariyu joshuva, nyaayamuurtulu, shamyul, raajulu mariyu charitralu vaaru vivarinchadaaniki uddesinchina sanghatanala chaalaa kaalam tarvaata vraayabadinatlu gurtinchaaru. ayana teermaanaalu antargata vachana aadhaaraalapai aadharapadi unnaayi, conny aadhunika charchalatho pratidhvaninche oka vaadanaloo, ayana ilaa perkonnaduh "pavitra grandhaala yokka aneka pustakaala yokka asalu rachayitalu evaru, itara charitraku taginanta sakshyam dwara spashtam kaaledu, idhi vaastavaaniki ekaika rujuvu."
yoodu tatwavetta mariyu pantheast baruch spinoza thana "tractatus theologico-politicusa" theologico-politicusa" prachurinchabadindi) loe chaaritraka pustakaala muulam gurinchi hobbs sandehaalanu pratidhvaninchaaru, mariyu eee grandhaala tudi savarana izra (adhyayam ix) aadhvaryamlo bahishkarana anantaramani suuchananu vivarinchaaru. athanu intakumundu amsterdam yokka rubbinical council dwara athani mataviswaasaala kaaranamgaa samarthavantamgaa bahishkarinchabaddaadu. french poojaari richard saiman saiman eee vimarsanaatmaka drukpathaalanu catholic sampradaayaaniki teesukuvacchaaru, "mana vaddaku vacchina pavitra grandhaalalo chaalaa bhaagam, sankshiptaalu matrame, mariyu hebrula registrylalo unchabadina puraatana charyala saaramsaalugaa", bahusha aadhunika konamlo baibil vachana vimarsala yokka modati rachana.
dheeniki pratispandanagaa, shaastreeya loukika grandhaala vislaeshanhaloo saadhaaranamaina pentatech muula vimarsala paddhatulaku vartimpajestuu, zeane austrook, naalugu ververu manuscript sampradaayaalanu gurtinchagalanani nammadu, veetini moshe swayamgaa savarinchaadani athanu paerkonnaadu (p. 62-64). athani 1753 pustakam unnata vimarsha anie piluvabade paatasaalanu praarambhinchindi, idhi idhi juuliyas welhousen documentary parikalpananu lanchanaprayamga maarchadamlo mugisindi, idhi eee kathanaalanu jahvist, elohist, duteronomist mariyu poojaari muulamgaa gurtistundi. documentary parikalpana yokka samskaranalu avi kuurchabadina kramamlo, vaati kuurpu yokka paristhitulu mariyu vaati savarana thedhee (luu) loe maarutuu unnappatikee, vaati bhaagaswaamya paribhasha samyukta swabhaavam mariyu muulaalapai aadhunika siddhaantaalaku chatraanni andistuunee undhi.
19va sataabdam chivari natiki pandityapurna ekaabhipraayam emitante, pentatuke anedi cree. puu. 1000 (david samayam) nundi cree. puu. 500 (ezra samayam) varaku vraasina aneka mandhi rachayitala rachana anie, c. 450, mariyu paryavasanamga, daanilo yea charitra unnaa adhi khachitamgaa vaastavikamainadi kante tarachugaa vivadaspadamga undedi-aaa samayamlo baibil puranaluga vistrutamgaa vargeekarinchabadina vaati gurinchi appati taja shaastreeya khandanala dwara eee mugimpu balopetam cheyabadindi.
thoraa (pentatuke).
puttukatho srushtinchina kathanam.
kaneesam hippo (354-430) yokka seyint augustein naati puttukalo srushti kathanaalapai vimarsinche kraistava sampradaayam undhi, mariyu yoodula sampradaayam kooda baibil aadima charitra patla daani vidhaanamlo oka klishtamaina daaraanni konasaaginchindi. prabhaavavantamaina madhyayuga tatwavetta mymonides srushti "ex nihilo" patla sandehaaspadamaina aspashtatanu konasaginchadu mariyu aadam gurinchi kathalanu 'modati manishi' gaa unna chaaritraka kathalugaa kakunda "taatvika maanava shaastram" gaa pariganinchaadu."greeku tatvavettalu aristatle, critolus mariyu proclus prapancham saasvatamainadani abhiprayapaddaru. protestant samskarana taruvaata "saadhaaranamgaa suvaartalo puttuka yokka saampradaaya abhiprayaluga bhaavinchabadutunna" daaniki ituvanti vivaranalu viruddhamgaa unnaayi.
unnaayi james hutton yokka "bhoomi siddhaantam" prachurana shaastreeya viplavamlo oka mukhyamaina parinaamam, idhi aadima bhoomi mariyu puurva charitrapai antima adhikaramga puttukanu tolagistundi. modati pramaadaaniki kaaranam srushti katha, mariyu 19va sataabdam praarambhamlo "srushti yokka mosaic khaataa yokka akshara vishwaasyata kosam yea baadhyataayutamaina shaastravetta vaadinchaledu."ekaruupavaadam mariyu vipattuvaadam madhya yuddham abhivruddhi chendutunna kramasikshanalo varadalanu sajeevamgaa unchindi, bhougolika samajam yokka adhyakshudu aadam sedgwick thana 1831 adhyaksha prasangamlo thana munupati maddatunu bahirangamgaa upasamharinchukune varakuh
manam modata diluvian siddhaantaanni sweekarinche mundu, mana paatha uparitala kankara mottaanni mosaic varada charyaku soochinche mundu manam nijamgaa viramam icchi undaali. endukante, maanavuni gurinchi, athani chetula rachanala gurinchi, aaa niksheepaalaloo khananam cheyabadina puurvapu prapancha avasheshaalalo okka jaada kooda manaku inca dorakaledu.
dorakaledu charless darwin "aann dhi origin off speases" prachuranatho eeden thotanu sahajamgaa marche varaku, "modati manishi" mariyu athani oohaatmaka vaarasulu anni chaaritraka sandarbhaala nundi tolaginchabade ibbandikara sthithilo migilipoyaru. eee shaastreeya viplavam yokka prajala angeekaaram, aaa samayamlo, asamanamga undhi, conny appati nundi gananeeyamgaa perigindi. pradhana sravanti panditula samajam twaralone oka ekaabhipraayaaniki vachindi, idhi eee roeju, genesis 1-11 anedi vaastava charitra ledhaa vignaana shaastram kante vedaantasaastram/sanketha puraanaalanu soochinche atyanta kramabaddhamaina saahitya rachana anie perkondi.
pithruswaamyulu.
taruvaati dasaabdaalalo herman gunkell pentatech yokka pouraanika amsaala vaipu drushtini aakarshinchadu, mariyu albrecht alt, martin noth mariyu saampradaaya charitra paatasaala daani pradhana sampradaayaalu nijamaina puraatana muulaalanu kaligi unnappatikee, kathanaalu kalpita framing parikaraalu mariyu aadhunika konamlo charitragaa uddesinchabadaledani vaadinchaaru. eee paatasaala yokka chaaritraka punarnirmaanaalapai (mukhyamgaa moukhika sampradaayaalu praathamika puraatana muulamgaa unna bhavana) sandehaalu vyaktam cheyabadinappatiki, baibil chaaritrakatapai daani vimarsalalo ekkuva bhaagam vistrutamgaa aamodinchabadindi. gunkel yokka sthaanam emitante
 idhi vividha roopaallo samakaaleena vimarsalaku saadhaarana vishayamgaa maarindi.
united stateslo baibil puraavastu udyamam, spashtamaina prabhaavamtho, pratidaadi chesindi, framing kathanaalalo vistruta roopurekhalanu kooda nijam anie vaadinchindi, tadwara panditulu abrahamu mariyu itara pithruswaamyula jeevitamlooni vyaktigata bhaagaalanu niroopinchaalani ledhaa tappugaa niroopinchaalani vaastavikamgaa aasinchalekapoyinappatiki, veeru puraavastu rikaardu nundi niroopinchabadina sandarbhamlo unchagalige nijamaina vyaktulu. conny marinni aavishkaranalu cheyabadinanduna, oohinchina aavishkaranalu kaaryaroopam dalchalekapovadamto, puraavastu shaastram vaastavaaniki albrite mariyu athani anucharulu chesina vaadanalaku maddatu ivvaledani spashtamaindi.
albrite maranam taruvaata, pitruswamya yugam gurinchi ayana chesina vivarana vimarsalaku guraindih atuvanti asantrupti thamus ell. "pitruswamya kathanaala chaaritrakata" prachuranatho daani paraakaashtanu gurtinchindi. zaan vaan setters rachinchina "charitra mariyu sampradaayamlo thampson mariyu abraham". saahitya pandithudaina thampson, pitarulu kristupurvam 2va sahasraabdiloo jeevinchaarani balavantapu aadharalu levani vaadinchaaru, konni baibil grandhaalu modati sahasraabdi paristhitulu mariyu aandolanalanu elaa pratibimbistaayo paerkonnaaru, ayithe vaan settarlu pitruswamya kathalanu pariseelinchi, vaari paerlu, saamaajika vaataavaranam mariyu sandeshaalu avi inupa yugam srushtulani gattiga suuchimchaayani vaadinchaaru. vaan setter mariyu thampson rachanalu baibil paandityamu mariyu puraavastu saastramlo oka namuunaa maarpu, idhi kramamga panditulu pitruswamya kathanaalanu ikapai chaaritrakamgaa pariganinchakuudadani daariteesindi. kontamandi sampradaayavaada panditulu taruvaati samvatsaraallo pitruswamya kathanaalanu samarthinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru, conny eee sthaanam panditulalo aamodinchabadaledu.
nedu, kathanaala chaaritraka nepathyam gurinchi kontha charcha konasaagutunnappatiki, chaalaa mandhi panditulu (bahusha chaalaa mandhi) pitruswamya yugam unikini tiraskarinchaaru. vilium dever dever ilaa perkonnaduh
nishkramana.
chaalaa mandhi pradhana sravanti panditulu baibil nirgamana vruttaamtaanni aneka kaaranaala valla charitragaa angeekarincharu. kathala spashtamaina nepathyam tarvaata sataabdaala taruvaata nishkramana kathalu prastuta roopaaniki cherukunnayani saadhaaranamgaa angeekaristaaru. eee yaatra pustakam kooda charitralo eee sanghatananu drudhamgaa nilabettadaaniki prayatnistundi, srushti tarvaata 2666va samvatsaram (exodus 12:40-41) varaku nishkramana, 2667 samvatsaram varaku gudaram nirmaanam (exodus 40:1-2,17), ishraayeleeyulu 430 samvatsaraalu egyptulo nivasinchaarani (exodus 12:40-41), mariyu goshen (zen. 46:28), pitham mariyu ramesses (exode. 1: 11), alaage 6,00,000 mandhi ishraayeleeyulu palgonnarani perkonadam (nirgamakandamu 12:37). sankhya pustakam inca matladutu, tirugutunnappudu edaarilo ishraayeleeyula sankhya 60,3,550, indulo 22,273 mandhi modati janminchinavaaru unnaaru, idhi aadhunika anchanaalu mottam ishraayeleeyula sankhyanu 2.5-3 miliyanlugaa paerkontaayi, idhi spashtamgaa kalpita sankhya, dheeniki sinoy edaari ennadoo maddatu ivvaledu. gurtinchabadani goshen vanti praantaalatoo bhougolikam aspashtamgaa undhi, mariyu pentetiyaklo dating vishayamlo antargata samasyalu unnaayi. moshe kosam chaaritraka eejiptu namuunaanu gurtinchadaaniki chesina aadhunika prayatnaaniki vistruta aamodam labhinchaledu, eejiptu charitralo yea kaalamuu nirgamanam gurinchi baibil vruttaamtaalatoe saripoladam ledhu. eejiptu tegullu mariyu erra samudram daatadam vanti kathalooni konni amsaalu adbhutaalu mariyu hetubaddhamaina vivarananu dhikkaristaayi. nirgamana kathanamlo palgonna faarola paerlanu kooda baibil prastaavinchadamloo viphalamaindi.
kotta raajyaaniki chendina puraatana eejiptu grandhaalu egyptulo baanisalu mariyu karmikuluga nivasistunna "asiatics" gurinchi prastaavinchinappatikii, eee prajalanu ijraayeleelatoo surakshitamgaa anusandhaaninchalemu, mariyu samakaaleena eejiptu grandham bybillo vivarinchinatlugaa baanisala pedda ettuna nishkramana gurinchi prastaavinchaledu. ijraayileeyula yokka mottamodati manugadalo unna chaaritraka prastaavana, eejiptu mernepta stelle (c. cree. puu. 1207), vaatini cannon loe ledhaa chuttupakkala unchinatlu kanipistundi mariyu etuvanti nishkramanaku suuchana ivvadu.
puraavastu aadharalu laenappatikee, majority panditulu eee nishkramanaku bahusha kontha chaaritraka aadharam undani angeekaristunnaaru, kenton sparks dheenini "pouraanika charitra" gaa paerkontunnaayi."eejiptu muulaaniki chendina chinna samuuhaalu prarambha ijraeleelalo chaeri, aapai izrael mottaaniki tama sonta eejiptu nishkramana kathanu andinchi undavacchani panditulu abhipraayapadutunnaaru. vilium zii. dever jagrattagaa eee samuuhaanni joseph thegatho gurtistaadu, ayithe richard elliot friedman dheenini levi thegatho gurtistaadu. nishkramana yokka chaaritraka kendraanni angeekarinche chaalaa mandhi panditulu eee sambhaavya nirgamana samuuham cree. puu. padamuudava sataabdaaniki chendinadi anie, rendava ramases samayamlo, kondaru badulugaa dheenini cree. puu. pannendava sataabdaaniki chendinadi anie paerkonnaaru. paddenimidava mariyu pantommidava raajavamsaalalo egyptuloki mariyu velupala puraatana semitic matlade prajala chinna samuuhaala document kadalikalu, eejiptu jaanapada kathalu mariyu samskruti yokka konni amsaalu, mariyu moses, aaron mariyu finahas anae paerlu, ivi eejiptu muulaanni kaligi unnatlu anipistaayi. atuvanti nishkramanalo entha mandhi palgonevaro panditula anchanaalu konni vandala nundi konni vaela mandhi varaku untaayi.
deuteronomistic charitra.
bhougolika-raajakeeya mariyu saamaajika-aardhika vaastavaalu mariyu chaaritraka vyaktulu mariyu sanghatanala gurinchi konni samaachaaramtho sahaa puraatana grandhaalu mariyu moukhika sampradaayam yokka amsaalanu deuteronomistic charitra samrakshinchindani chaalaa mandhi panditulu nammutaaru. ayithe, indulo ekkuva bhaagam puraanaalu mariyu indulo aneka kaalaanugunamainavi unnaayi.
joshuva mariyu nyaayamuurtulaloo "vijaya kathanam".
chaaritraka charchalo oka pradhana samasya, joshuva mariyu nyaayamuurtulaloo vivarinchabadina izrael kaanannu jayinchina kathanam. american albrite paatasaala baibil yokka vijayam yokka kathanam puraavastu recordula dwara dhruvikarinchabadutundani nokki cheppindi; vaastavaaniki 20va sataabdamloo chaalaa varaku puraavastu shaastram baibil kathanaaniki maddatugaa kanipinchindi, indulo beatin (bethelga gurtinchabadindi), tell edd-duver, (lachishga gurtinchabadindi), hajore mariyu jericho vadda tavvakaalu unnaayi.
ayithe, vijaya kathanamlo lopaalu kanipinchaayi. kanipinchaayi zaan garstang tavvina "jericho patanam" atyanta unnata sthaayi udaaharana. baibil jericho yuddham samayaniki chendina godalu padipoyayani garstang modata prakatinchaadu, conny taruvaata vidhvamsamnu chaalaa munupati kaalaaniki savarinchaadu. cathleen kenyon godalu gala nagaram naasanam 16va sataabdam madhyalo (cree. puu. 1550) jarigindani, 1950la praarambhamlo aame chesina tavvakaala aadhaaramgaa, faroe ramsesku valasa vellina saadhaarana theedheetho saripoladam chaalaa tondaragaa undhi. travvakaala phalitaala vislaeshanha aadhaaramgaa piotar bienkovsky kooda idhe nirdhaaranaku vacchaaru. 1960la natiki puraavastu recordulu vaastavaaniki joshuvaalo icchina vijayaniki maddatu ivvaledani spashtamaindih bybilu namodu chesina nagaralu aaa samayamlo ishraayeleeyulu naasanam chesinatlu janavasalu laenivi, ledhaa naasanam cheyabadithe, oke chinna vyavadhilo kakunda vistrutamgaa ververu samayaallo naasanam cheyabaddaayi.
20va sataabdam chivaralo vijaya kathanaaniki ekaabhipraayam chivariki raddu cheyabadindi.
"baibil paie peak vyakhyanam" joshuva pustakam satabdaalugaa vibhina samuuhaala madhya aneka swatantra yuddhaalanu militam chesi, vaatini krutrimamgaa oke naayakudaina joshuvaaku aapaadistundani vaadistundi. ayithe, puraavastu recordulu baibil rikaardunu vyatirekinchani konni sandarbhaalu unnaayi. udaaharanaku, kristupurvam 1200 nundi vidhvamsam poralo kanipinche tell hajorloni pora, vipattu agni sankethaalanu chooputundi, mariyu aaa pradaesamloe kanipinche cuniform maatralu "ibni adi" anae chakravartulanu suuchistaayi, ikkada "ibni" anedi hebru bybillo suuchimchabadina cananite nayakudu "yavin" ("jabin") yokka vyutpatti muulam kaavacchu. eee nagaram daani vidhvamsamku mundu goppa devalayalu mariyu sampannamaina raajabhavanaalato, eguva acropolis mariyu diguva nagaramgaa vibhajinchabadina adbhutamaina cananite nagaramgaa unna sankethaalanu kooda choopistundi; eee pattanam spashtamgaa oka pradhana cananite nagaramgaa undedi. izrael finkelstein, hazar naasanam anedi poura kalahalu, samudra prajala daadulu mariyu/ledhaa kaamsya yugam chivaralo mottam thoorpu madhyadhara antataa nagarikata yokka saadhaarana patanam phalitamgaa jarigindani, izrael prajala valla kaadani siddhaantam chesindi.
amnon benn-toor (jerusalem hebru vishwavidyaalayam) iteevala kalchadam dwara himsaatmaka vidhvamsam jariginatlu kanugonna aadharalu baibil vruttaamtaanni dhruveekaristaayani nammutaaru. nammutaaru, benn-toor mariyu shahron jakkarman netrutvamloni brundam cree. puu. 13va sataabdaaniki chendina oka kaalipoyina rajabhavananni kanugonnaru, dheeni store roomlalo vaaru 3,400 samvatsaraala puraatana evarlu kaalina pantalanu pattukunnatlu kanugonnaru; ayithe, shahron jakkarman benn-toor siddhaantamtoe ekibhavinchaledu, mariyu nagaramloni aneka vargaalu okadaanikokati adhika saktitoe vyatirekinchadam valla eee dahanam jarigindani paerkonnaaru. baibil panditudu richard elliot friedman (georgia vishwavidyaalayam) israeleelu pramaadaanni naasanam chesaarani, ayithe atuvanti vidhvamsam nyaayamuurtula pustakam yokka vruttaamtamtoe baga saripotundani vaadinchaaru, dheenilo pravaktri deborah hajore raajunu odinchindi.
samooyelu pustakaalu.
shamyul pustakaalu chaaritraka mariyu puraana muulaala aadhaaramgaa pariganhinchabadutunnaayi, ivi pradhanamgaa dviteeyopadaanamlo vivarinchina sanghatanala taruvaata izrael charitralo antaraanni puurimchadaaniki upayogapadataayi. cananieula naasanaaniki sambandhinchina yuddhaalaku puraavastu recordulu maddatu ivvaledu, izrael vaasulu taamu cananieula upa samuuhamgaa udbhavinchaarani ippudu vistrutamgaa nammutaaru. shamoel pustakaalu cree. puu. 11va sataabdamloo sankalanam cheyabadina aneka kaalakramaanusaaramaina vishayalanu pradarsistaayi. udaaharanaku, taruvaati kavacham (), ontela vadakam (), mariyu aswikadalam (rathaaniki bhinnamgaa), inupa picks mariyu goddali (avi saadhaaranamainavi;), mariyu adhunaatana muttadi paddhatula () gurinchi prastaavinchabadindi. akkada oka pedda dalaanni pilipinchaaru (), 20,000 mandhi praananashtam () thoo jarigina yuddham, mariyu kushait paramilitary mariyu sevakula gurinchi oka suuchana, eejiptu yokka 26va raajavamsam taruvaata, cree. puu. 8va sataabdam chivari traimasikam kaalam kushaitlu saadhaaranam ayina teedeeki spashtamgaa aadharalu istayi.
aikya racharikam.
aadhunika vimarsalalo ekkuva bhaagam izrael yokka aikya racharikam yokka chaaritrakata, idhi hebru baibil prakaram kristupurvam 10va sataabdamloo judia mariyu samaria rendintinee paripaalinchindi.
thamus ell. udaaharanaku, thamson, oka kaneesa vidvaamsudu ilaa vraasaadu
inupa yugamlo (raacharika kaalaaniki anugunamgaa) yoodaa chinna, ekkuvagaa graameena mariyu yoodu kondalaloni balaheenata laeni sthaavaraalaku parimitam cheyabadi unnatlu telustondi. idhi pattaneekaranaku guraina eguva samariaku viruddhamgaa undhi. eee puraavastu aadharalu, vachana vimarsalu chaalaa mandhi aadhunika charitrakaarulu izrael/samaria, yoodaalanu shekem, jerusalem kendramgaa unna pratyaekamaina, ayithe sambandhita samsthalugaa vidigaa udbhavinchinatlu pariganinchadaaniki daariteesaayi, jerusalemlo rajadhani unna united kingdamga kaadu.
yoodaalo unna inupa yugam pradaesamaina khirbet kiafa vadda tavvakaalu, aikya racharikam gurinchi baibil vruttaamtaaniki maddatu istayi. izrael puraatana vastuvula adhikaram ilaa perkondih "kristupurvam padakondava sataabdam chivaralo yoodaalo ippatike unna pattana samajanni khirbat kiafa vadda jarigina tavvakaalu spashtamgaa velladistunnaayi. yoodaa rajyam kristupurvam enimidava sataabdam chivaralo ledhaa taruvaati kaalamlo matrame abhivruddhi chendindani vaadinchalemu."
kristupurvam 10va sataabdamloo jerusalem sthithi charchaneeyaamsamgaa undhi. jerusalem yokka puraatana bhaagam mariyu daani asalu pattana kendram david nagaram, idhi 10va sataabdamloo gananeeyamaina yoodula nivaasa kaaryakalaapaalaku sakshyalanu chooputundi. modata oka nirmaanaanni yerparachina metla raathi nirmaanam mariyu pedda raathi nirmaanam vanti konni pratyaekamaina paripalana nirmaanaalu, iron I naati bhouthika samskrutini kaligi unnaayi. kristupurvam 10va sataabdamloo sthaavaraala karyakalapalu levani aaropinchinanduna, izrael finkelstein eee sataabdamloo jerusalem jaateeya rajadhani kakunda, youdian kondalaloni oka chinna graameena gramamani vaadinchaaru, mariyu eee nagaram puurtigaa janavasalu laenidani usishkin vaadinchaaru. david nagaramloni paripalana nirmaanaala yokka iron ii/iron aiya dating sarainadi ayithe (athanu viswasinchinatlugaa), "jerusalem oka saktivantamaina kotatho kuudina chinna pattanam, idhi gananeeyamaina praantiiya raajakeeyaalaku kendramgaa undagaladu" anie amihai mazar vaadinchaaru."
david mariyu ophel nagarallo iteevali puraavastu aavishkaranalu kristupurvam 10va sataabdamloo aikya raacharikaaniki rajadhaanigaa undataaniki jerusalem taginantagaa abhivruddhi chendindani suuchistunnatlu vaadinchabadindi.
kristupurvam 9va ledhaa 8va sataabdaaniki chendina "bite dud" nuu kaligi unna tell daan stelle kanugonabadinappati nundi, yoodaalooni raacharika raajavamsamgaa "david house" nuu suuchistuu chaalaa mandhi dheenini ardham chesukunnaru (maroka sambhaavya suuchana mesha stelelo kanipistundi), bybillo vivarinchina daanikante niraadambaramaina sthaayilo unnappatikee, david mariyu solaman paalinchina raajakeeya unikini majority panditulu angeekaristunnaaru. david mariyu solaman sisjordaanloni pedda vibhaagaalanu mariyu bahusha transjordanloni konni praantaalanu paalinchaarani chaalaa mandhi panditulu nammutaaru. vilium zii. david prastuta izrael mariyu paschima odduna unna bhuubhaagaalanu matrame paripaalinchaadani, athanu dandayaatra chestunna philishteeyulanu oodinchaadani, conny itara vijayalu kalpitamainavani dever vaadinchaaru.
kotta nibandhana.
yesu yokka chaaritrakatvam.
puraatana kaalaaniki chendina aadhunika panditulalo ekkuva mandhi yesu chaaritraatmakamgaa unnaadani, baptist zaan chetha baptism pondaadani, roman prefect pontius pilate aadesaala prakaram siluva veyabaddadani angeekaristunnaaru. chaaritraka yesu kosam anveshana" 18va sataabdam praarambhamloonae praarambhamaindi, mariyu eee roeju varaku konasaagutundi. atyanta mukhyamaina iteevali scholarship 1980luu mariyu mariyu zhe. dii. crosson, james dii. zii. dunn, zaan pii. meer, ii. pii. sanders mariyu enn. tii. rait anedi atyanta vistrutamgaa chadavabade mariyu charchinchabadinadi. eee amsampai itara rachanalanu dayle allison, bart dii. prachurinchaaru. ehraman, richard boukham mariyu mauris kesi.
yesu gurinchi prastaavinchae mottamodati kotta nibandhana grandhaalu, paulin patraalu, saadhaaranamgaa cree. sha. sha unnaayi. yesu jeevitam mariyu karyakalapala gurinchi paal chaalaa takkuva namodu chestaadu kabatti, yesu jeevitaaniki sambandhinchina vaastavaalanu nirnayinchadamlo ivi chaalaa takkuva sahaayapadataayi, ayinappatikee avi yesu pratyaksha saakshula nundi paal kuu icchina samacharam gurinchi suuchanalu kaligi undavacchu.
mrutha samudrapu chuttala aavishkarana 1va sataabdapu judia sandarbhamloki velugunichindi, yoodula nammakam yokka vaividhyaanni alaage bhaagaswaamya anchanaalu mariyu bodhanalanu gurtinchindi. udaaharanaku, raboye messiah yokka nireekshana, parvatampai upanyaasam yokka bttudes mariyu prarambha kraistava udyamam yokka chaalaa varaku aaa kaalamlooni apocalyptic yooda matamlo unikilo unnatlu kanugonabadindi. idhi munupati kesutho poliste daani yoodu moolaalalo prarambha kraistavatvaanni kendrikarinche prabhavanni choopindi. cree. sha. 66 nundi 70 varaku yoodula tirugubaatu varaku manugada saaginchina aneka shrenulalo rabbi yoodamatam mariyu prarambha kraistava matam rendu matrame anie ippudu gurtinchabadindi.
yesu anae chaaritraka vyakti galilean graameena praantaala antataa bodhinchaadani chaalaa mandhi chaaritraka vimarsakulu angeekaristunnaaru. cree. sha. 30, athani anucharulu atindriya charyalanu chesaarani vishwasinchaaru, mariyu romanlu bahusha tirugubaatu chesinanduku maranasiksha vidhinchaaru.
suvaartala chaaritrakata.
chaalaa mandhi aadhunika panditulu siluva veyabadina naalugu nundi enimidi dasaabdaala taruvaata 70 mariyu 100 madhya, canonical suvaarta vruttaamtaalu vraayabaddaayani, ayithe "q", "logia" ledhaa "saametalu suvaartalu", abhiruchi vruttaantam ledhaa itara munupati saahityam vanti munupati sampradaayaalu mariyu grandhaala aadhaaramgaa (suvaartala jaabitaanu chudandi). eee abhiprayanni itara panditulu vivadaspadamga unnappatikee, eee vruttaamtaalu saakshulachae sankalanam cheyabaddaayi anie kontamandi panditulu vaadistunnaaru.
kontamandi panditulu maark yokka suvaarta yesu kaalamlo yoodaalo bhougolika, raajakeeya mariyu mataparamaina vishayaalapai ghnaanam lekapovadam yokka sankethaalanu chooputundani nammutaaru. anduvalla, nedu atyanta saadhaarana abhiprayam emitante, rachayita teliyadu mariyu bhougolikamgaa mariyu chaaritraatmakamgaa vivarinchina sanghatanalaku dhooramgaa unnadu; ayithe, abhiprayam maarutuu untundi, mariyu craigg blomberg vanti panditulu marinta saampradaaya abhiprayanni angeekaristaaru. ibbandikaramaina mariyu graameenamainavigaa varninchabade vyakteekaranala vadakam, maark yokka suvaarta kontavaraku anaksharaasyata ledhaa mudigaa kooda kanipinchela chestundi. seyint peater anae matsyakaarudu, maark rachanapai choope prabhaavaaniki idhi kaaranamani suuchimchavachchu. mathue suvaarta mariyu looke suvaarta rachayitalu gurtulo maarpulu mariyu lakshanaalu mariyu muurkhatvaalaku merugudalato gurtunu muulamgaa upayoginchaarani saadhaaranamgaa bhaavistaaru.
charyala chaaritrakata.
puraavastu saasanaalu mariyu itara swatantra aadharalu adhikaarula birudulu, paripalana vibhagalu, pattana samavesalu mariyu jerusalemloni yoodula aalaya niyamaalaku sambandhinchi 1va sataabdapu samajam yokka konni khachitamaina vivaraalanu kaligi unnayani chuupistunnaayi. ayithe, apostaludaina poulu yokka charitraatmaka chitrana chattaalalo vivadaspadamga undhi. paal tananu taanu vaastavamgaa mariyu vedaantaparamgaa elaa varninchaalo daaniki bhinnamgaa paalnu chattalu vivaristaayi. chattam, paal sonta apostalatvam mariyu jerusalem charchitho athani sambandham vanti mukhyamaina samasyalapai paal raasina lekhalaku charyalu bhinnamgaa untaayi. panditulu saadhaaranamgaa charyala kante paal vruttaamtaanni ishtapadataaru.
puraavastu mariyu chaaritraka aalochanala paatasaalalu.
vidyaaparamaina abhipraayaala avalokanam.
bbc history magazine" kuu chendina spensor mizen prakaram, "baibil yokka muulaalu ippatikee rahasyamgaa unnaayi. idhi eppudu vraayabadindi? daanni evaru raasaaru? mariyu idhi chaaritraka recorduga entha nammadaginadi?"
baibil vachananni vidyaavantulaina patanam kosam adhi eppudu, evaru, yea prayojanam kosam vraayabadindane ghnaanam avasaram. udaaharanaku, cree. puu. 6va sataabdam taruvaata kontakaalam pentatuke unikilo undani chaalaa mandhi vidyaavaettalu angeekaristaaru, conny adhi eppudu vraayabadindane daani gurinchi vaaru vibhedistunnaru. pratipaadita teedeelu cree. puu. 15va sataabdam nundi cree. puu. 6va sataabdam varaku maarutuu untaayi. oka prasiddha parikalpana yoshia palananu (cree. puu. 7va sataabdam) suuchistumdi. eee parikalpanalo, udaaharanaku, nirgamana sanghatanalu chivaraku savarinchabadataaniki sataabdaala mundu jarigi undavacchu.
baibil yokka prastuta samskarana kolpoyina paatha vraatapuurvaka vanarulapai aadharapadi undani niroopinchadaaniki baibil sakshyalanu upayoginchi documentary parikalpana perkondi. idhi samvatsaraalugaa bhaareega savarinchabadindi, mariyu kontamandi panditulu eee parikalpana yokka edho oka roopaanni angeekaristaaru. eejiptu shaastravetta kenneth kitchen mariyu paatha nibandhana panditudu walter kaijar, juuniyar vanti aneka mandhi panditulu dheenini tiraskarinchaaru mariyu unnaaru.alaage aarr. enn. vibray, umberto casuto, oo. tii. allis, gleason archer, zaan sailhammer, broose waltke mariyu joshuva berman.
garishta-kaneesa dwaipaakshikata.
kristupurvam 6va sataabdamloo babylonian cheralo padataniki mundu baibil kathanaalalo vivarinchina sanghatanala chaaritrakatapai goppa panditula vivaadam undhi. praacheena izrael gurinchi baibil vruttaamtaanni praathamikamgaa chaaritrakamani tiraskarinche panditulu mariyu charitraku ekkuvagaa nammadagina muulamgaa angeekarinche vaari madhya vibhajana undhi-varusaga baibil minimalistulu mariyu baibil maximalistlu anie pilustaaru. baibil paandityaanni rendu vyatiraeka paatasaalalugaa vibhajinchadaanni, eee rangaanni bipolar vaadanagaa chithreekarinchadaaniki sampradaayavaada kraistavulu chesina prayatnamgaa, kaani moulikavaada baibil panditulu teevramgaa tiraskarinchaaru, indulo oka vaipu matrame sarainadi.
iteevala garishtavaada mariyu kaneesavaada madhya vyatyaasam taggindi, mariyu izrael finkelstein, amihai mazar mariyu brian bii. rachinchina "chaaritraka izrael kosam anveshanah puraavastu shaastram mariyu prarambha izrael charitra" anae rachanatho oka kotta paatasaala praarambhamaindi. schmid. prakriya anantara puraavastu shaastram minimalism mariyu maximalism madhya madhya sthaayi unikini gurtinchadaaniki manaku veelu kalpistundani, eee rendu teevratalanu tiraskarinchaalsina avasaram undani eee paatasaala vaadistundi. puraavastu shaastram baibil recorduloni bhagala dhruvikarananu andistundi mariyu kontamandi chesina vivaranalaku savaallanu kooda kaligistundi. sakshyalanu jagrattagaa pariseelinchadam valla paatha nibandhanaloni modati bhaagam yokka chaaritraka khachitatvam yoshia paalanalo goppadani niroopistundi. eee thedhee nundi munduku saagithe khachitatvam marinta venukaku taggutundani kondaru bhaavistaaru. idhi, aaa teedeeloo grandhaala yokka pradhana savarana jariginatlu nirdhaaristundani vaaru paerkonnaaru.
baibil minimalism.
konnisaarlu baibil minimalism anie piluvabade drukkonam saadhaaranamgaa baibil pradhanamgaa vedaanta mariyu kshamaapana rachana anie, daanilooni anni kathalu etiological paatranu kaligi unnayani perkondi. prarambha kathalu sataabdaala taruvaata punarnirminchabadina chaaritraka aadharaanni kaligi unnayani, mariyu kathalu nijamaina chaaritraka ghnaapakasakti yokka konni chinna sakalaalanu matrame kaligi unnayani, vaati nirvachanam prakaram puraavastu aavishkaranalache maddatu ivvabadina amsaalu matrame. eee drukpathamlo, baibil pithruswaamyula gurinchi kathalannee kalpitamainavi, mariyu pithruswaamyulu taruvaati chaaritraka vaastavaalanu vivarinchadaaniki kevalam puraana paryaayapadaalu. inca, baibil minimalistulu izrael yokka pannendu tegalu taruvaata nirmaanamainavani, king david mariyu king soul kathalu taruvaati irano-hellenistic udaaharanalapai roopondinchabaddaayi, mariyu united kingdom off izrael-euphrates nundi ailat varaku oka saamrajyaanni david mariyu solaman paripaalinchaarani baibil chebutundi-eppuduu unikilo undani puraavastu aadharalu levani abhipraayapadutunnaaru. mesha stale vanti itara puraavastu aadharalu tarachugaa roopakamgaa tiraskarinchabadataayi.
udyamam eppudu praarambhamaindo gurtinchadam kashtam, conny 1968 sahetukamaina thedhee anipistundi. eee samvatsaramlo, copenhagenlo rendu bahumati geluchukunna vyasalu vrayabaddayi; okati neels peater lemche, marokati hike fries, idhi baibilnu manam elaa sameepistaamo daani gurinchi puurtigaa punaraaloochinchaalani mariyu daani nundi chaaritraka teermaanaalanu teesukoovadaaniki prayatninchaalani vaadinchindi.
prachurinchabadina pustakaalalo, baibil minimalism anie piluvabade prastuta aalochanaa vidhaanaaniki prarambha nyaayavaadulalo okaru geovanni garbini, (1986), aanglamloki "puraatana ijrayello charitra mariyu bhaavajaalam" (1988) gaa anuvadinchabadindi. ayana adugujaadalalo thamus ell. thampson thana sudeerghamaina "izrael prajala prarambha charitrah vraatapuurvaka & puraavastu vanarula nundi" (1992) thoo mariyu, thampson pustakam, p. aarr. puraatana izrael' (1992) kosam sodhistunna davis 'chinna pani'. taruvaati bhaagamlo, davis chaaritraka ijraayelnu puraavastu avasheshaalalo matrame kanugonnadu, baibil ijraayelnu grandhaalalo matrame kanugonnadu mariyu "puraatana izrael" yokka iteevali punarnirmaanaalu rendinti aamodayogyam kaani sammelanam. thamson mariyu davis mottam hebru baibil (paatha nibandhana) nuu kristupurvam 539 nundi babylonian bahishkarana nundi tirigi vacchina taruvaata baibil ketaayinchina kaalamlo jerusalemlo yoodula chinna sangham yokka oohaatmaka srushtigaa chuustaaru. copenhagen vishwavidhyaalayamlo thampson thoti adhyapaka sabhyudu neels peater lemche kooda thampson prabhavanni choopinche aneka sheershikalato anusarinchaaru, veetilo "charitra mariyu sampradaayamlo israeleelu" (1998) unnaayi. oke samsthalo thampson mariyu lemche iddaroo undatam "copenhagen school" anae padaanni upayoginchadaaniki daariteesindi. 1992 nundi baibil minimalism yokka prabhavam rendu kante ekkuva drukkoonaalatoe charchinchabadindi.
baibil garishtavaadam.
cree. puu. 6va sataabdamloo babylonian cheralo padataniki mundu baibil kathanaalalo vivarinchina aaa sanghatanala chaaritrakatapai goppa panditula vivaadam undhi. praacheena izrael yokka chaaritrakatapai charchaku sambandhinchi, aikya racharikam mariyu izrael yokka prarambha raajulu, david mariyu soul yokka vruttaamtaalanu ekkuvagaa chaaritrakamgaa pariganinchaalani garishtavaada vaikhari perkondi.
sangharshana taggutundi.
taggutundi, izrael finkelstein mariyu neel ausher silberman "kanugonna baibil puraatana izrael gurinchi puraavastu shaastram yokka kotta drushti mariyu daani pavitra grandhaala muulam" nuu prachurinchaaru, idhi baibil minimalism vaipu oka abhiprayanni samardhinchindi mariyu aneka sampradaayavaadulalo gandaragolaanni kaliginchindi. baibil puraavastu sameeksha" (marchi/april 2001 edition) yokka 25va vaarshikotsava sanchikalo, editor hershell shanks aneka mandhi baibil panditulanu utamkimchaaru, vaaru minimalism chanipotundani nokki chepparu, ayinappatikee pramukha minimalistulu dheenini khandinchaaru mariyu "manamandaram ippudu minimalistulu" ("manamandaram ippudu keynesianlu") anie oka vaadana chesaaru.
ayithe, itara pradhana sravanti panditulu eee vaadanalanu tiraskarinchaaruh
tiraskarinchaaruh, kenneth kitchen anae marinta garishta drukkoonaanni avalambinchina panditudu, "paatha nibandhana yokka viswasaneeyatapai" pustakaanni rachinchaadu. vantagadi toraloni aneka bhagala (anni kakapoyina) viswasaneeyatanu samardhinchindi mariyu anischita padaalaloo finkelstein mariyu silberman panini vimarsinchindi.
gennifer walles puraavastu shaastravetta izrael finkelstein abhiprayanni thana vyaasamlo "pavitra bhoomilo bhoomini marchadam" loe vivarinchindi, idhi mae mae "smithsonian patrika" loe kanipinchindih
ayithe, puraavastu recordulalo samasyalu unnappatikee, kontamandi garishta saastravettalu rendava sahasraabdi madhyalo, eejiptu saamrajyam kaanannu paripaalinchadaaniki vacchina samayamlo, 13va sataabdamloo finkelstein ledhaa vantagadi vaadanagaa kakunda, joshuvaanu unchaaru, mariyu aaa kaalamlooni vidhvamsam poralanu baibil vruttaantam yokka dhruvikaranagaa chuustaaru. 13va sataabdam madhyalo hazar naasanam anedi nyaayamuurtula pustakamlo namodu cheyabadinatlugaa deborah mariyu barak chesina taruvaata vidhvamsam gurinchi baibil vruttaamtaaniki dhruvikaranagaa chudabadutundi. finkelstein "ii" anie piliche pradaesaanni saadhaaranamgaa baibil ii yokka pradaesamgaa kottipaarestaaru, endukante idhi 3va sahasraabdiloo naasanam cheyabadi khananam cheyabadindi. eee pramukha pradaesam kaneesam hellenistic kaalam nundi, munupennadoo kakapoyina, aaa paerutoe piluvabadindi. minimalistulu andaruu eee sanghatanalanu samakalinamainaviga perkonadam anedi vaaru nivedinchinatlu perkonna sanghatanala sataabdaala taruvaata vraayabadina kaaranasaastraparamaina vivaranalu anie nammutaaru.
finkelstein mariyu silberman iddaroo kristupurvam 10va sataabdamloo yoodaa nundi david mariyu solaman nijamgaa unna vyaktulu (raajulu kaadu, conny bandipotla nayakulu ledhaa konda dhesha adhipatulu) anie angeekaristaaru, conny jerusalemlo raajadhaanito aikya racharikam vanti vishayam undani vaaru bhaavincharu.
david ussishkin vanti itarulu, aikya racharikam yokka baibil chitrananu anusarinche vaaru bhavishyattulo nijamaina puraavastu aadhaaraalanu velikiteestaarani aasistuu parimita saakshyaala aadhaaramgaa alaa chestaarani vaadinchaaru. david mariyu solaman kontha praamukhyata kaligina sthaanika adhipatulu ayye avakaasam inca undani gunnar lehmann suuchimchaadu mariyu aaa samayamlo jerusalem chaalaa takkuva janabha kaligina praantamloo oka chinna pattanamgaa undani, dheenilo girijana bandhutva samuuhaala pottulu samaajaaniki aadharam anie paerkonnaadu. idhi yoodaa bhuubhaagamlooni moodu nundi naalugu praantaalalo okati, mariyu bybillo vivarinchina saamrajyaanni paripaalinchadaaniki david ledhaa solamanlaku maanavashakti ledhaa avasaramaina saamaajika/raajakeeya/paripalana nirmaanam ledani, idhi uttamamgaa oka chinna praantiiya kendramani ayana paerkonnaaru.
eee abhipraayaalanu vilium zii teevramgaa vimarsinchaaru. dever, helga weepert, amihai mazar mariyu amnon benn-toor.
andrey lemyer "puraatana izrael abraham nundi aalaya roman vidhvamsam varaku" loe solomontho baibil sampradaayam yokka pradhana amsaalu saadhaaranamgaa nammadaginavi anie paerkonnaadu. kenneth kitchen eee abhiprayanni panchukuntundi, solaman oka chinna nagara-rashtram kante saapekshamgaa sampannamaina "chinna-saamrajyam" paie paalinchaadani vaadinchaadu.
iteevala, finkelstein marinta sampradaayavaada amihay mazar thoo kalisi oppandam mariyu asammati praantaalanu anveshinchadaaniki cheraadu mariyu minimalist mariyu maximalist panditulu anie pilavabade vaari madhya charcha teevrata taggutunna sankethaalu unnaayi. eee abhiprayanni richard ess kooda teesukunnaru. hess, idhi vaastavaaniki garishtavaadulu mariyu kaneesavaadula madhya aneka abhiprayalu unnayani choopistundi. pramukha paatyapustakaalu paatakulaku taja puraavastu aadhaaraalanu andinchadamlo viphalamavvadame kakunda, eee amsampai unna abhipraayaala vaividhyaanni sarigga soochinchadamlo kooda viphalamayyaayani jaak cargle chuupimchaaru. megaon bishop moor mariyu broad ii. mukhyamgaa 1980la madhya nundi 2011 varaku kaalamlo, sambandhita abhivruddhi chendutunna vidhanalu mariyu sahayaka vivaadaala gurinchi kelle vaari pustakam "baibil charitra mariyu izrael yokka gatam" loe oka avalokanaanni andistaaru.

