
rendu gineas (british naanem)

rendu ginia mukkalu 1664loe inglandlo nalabhai shillingla mukha viluvatho mottamodatisaarigaa mudrinchina bangaaru naanem. upayoginchina bangaaram muulam, naanheniki daani paerunu kooda andinchindi-"ginia", raayal african company sarafara chesina bulian nuu suuchimchadaaniki prarambha sanchikallo enugu ledhaa koota chihnanni kramam tappakunda jodinchadam jarigindi. charless II yokka toli naanhelu sumaru 0.1 graamula telikainavi mariyu 1 millimetres chinnavi ayinappatikee, daani utpatti kaalamlo chaalaa varaku, naanem baruvu 16.7 mariyu 16.8 graamula madhya mariyu 31-32 millimetres vyaasam kaligi undhi. 
rendu ginia naanhelu 1664,1665 (bahusha kevalam 1 naanem), 1669,1671, mariyu 1675-1684 loe utpatti cheyabaddaayi; 1669 varaku baruvu parimitulu 16.6-16.8 graamulu, taruvaata 16.5-16.7 graamulu. eee naanem yokka eduru mariyu venuka bhaganni zaan roteers roopondinchaaru. mundu bhaagamlo raaju yokka chakkati kudi vaipuku unna vigraham, puraanaalatoe chuttumuttabadina laurel pushpaguchhaanni dharinchi, riverse loe ingland, scatland, france mariyu ireland chetulanu kaligi unna naalugu kireetam gala siluva kavachalu chuupimchabaddaayi, vaati madhya naalugu raajadandaalu unnaayi, madhyalo naalugu parasparam anusandhaaninchabadina "sii" luu unnaayi, vaati chuttoo saasanam undhi. naanem pedda samakaaleena aidu gineas naanem vanti anchu saasanam kaligi undataaniki chaalaa sannaga pariganinchabadindi, conny nakileevaaru samakaaleena vendi sagam kireetam naanheelanu kevalam bangaaru puusalu veyadam nundi alaage naanem baruvunu kattirinchadam ledhaa filing cheyadam nundi nirodhinchadaaniki ippatikee oka milled anchu avasaram. 1669 varaku, milling naanheniki lambamgaa undedi, spashtamgaa niluvu gaadini andinchindi, ayithe 1671 nundi, milling valuga vittanaalu veyabadindi.
zaan rotiers raaju james II paalanalo eee viluva kaligina vaati kosam chekkadam konasaginchadu. eee paalanalo, naanhela baruvu 16.7 graamulu, 1687 mariyu 1688loe matrame mudrinchabaddaayi. eee paalana prarambha bhaagam natiki ginia viluva daadaapu muppai shillinglaku perigindi. eee paalanalo raajula thala mukhalu migili unnaayi, mariyu daani chuttoo saasanam undhi, ayithe naanem madhyalo parasparam anusandhaaninchabadina "sii" lanu tolaginchadam tappa, mundu bhaagam charless II paalanalo unnatle untundi. naanhela anchulu vikarnamgaa milling cheyabadataayi.
1688 naati adbhutamaina viplavamlo james II nuu tholaginchadamtho, athani kumarte maerii mariyu aame bhartha princess vilium off aurange saha-rajuluga oppandam dwara samyuktamgaa paalinchaaru. vaari talalu roman shaililo rendu ginia mukkalapai viliyam thala paina, puraanamtho kalipi kanipistaayi. munupati palanala nundi vaerugaa, modati traimaasikamlo france, rendava traimaasikamlo scatland, moodava traimaasikamlo ireland mariyu nalgava traimaasikamlo ingland chetulanu kaligi unna pedda kireeta kavachanni puurtigaa kotta roopakalpananu kaligi undhi, madhyalo oka chinna kavachanni kaligi unna mottam samuuham nassavu yokka prabalamaina simhaanni kaligi undhi; mundu bhaagamlo puraanam chadavabadindi. eee paalanalo naanem yokka baruvu sahanam 16.7-16.8 graamulu. eee paalanalo rendu ginia naanhelu bahusha james mariyu/ledhaa norbert rotier yokka rachanalu, mariyu 1691loe arudaina sanchika kakunda, idhi 1693 mariyu 1694loe matrame utpatti cheyabadindi.
1694loe mashoochi kaaranamgaa raani maerii maraninchina taruvaata, vilium IIIగా paripaalinchadam konasaginchadu. rendu ginia naanhelu 1701loe matrame utpatti cheyabaddaayi, dheeni roopakalpana bahusha johann croker yokka pani kaavacchu.keey.eah. zaan croker, james rotier 1698loe maraninchaadu mariyu athani sodarudu norbert 1695loe fraansku vellaaru.
vilium III paalanalo vacchina naanhela baruvu 16.7 graamulu. vilium thala athani nanelapai, puraanaalatoe kudivaipu undhi, vilium mariyu maerii paalana yokka riverse design viphalamaindani teerpu ivvabadindi, kabatti design charless II mariyu james II upayoginchina daaniki tirigi vachindi, conny madhyalo nassou simhamtoe oka chinna kavachamtho, puraanamtho. aaa naanem vikarna anchu kaligi undhi.
raani anae (1702-1714) paalanalo ingland mariyu scatland union taruvaata varaku rendu ginia naanheelanu utpatti cheyaledu, 1709,1711,1713 mariyu 1714 loe naanhelu utpatti cheyabaddaayi. aame paalana antataa naanem yokka edurugaa raani yokka edama mukhamgaa unna dishtibommanu choopistundi, puraanam. riverse design munupati paalana maadirigaane undhi, ingland mariyu scatland chetulanu kaligi unna naalugu kireetam gala siluva kavachalu, ireland mariyu france, raajadandaalato mariyu kendra gulaabitoe vaeru cheyabaddaayi mariyu puraanam. eee union thoo, aangla mariyu scottish chetulu oke kavachampai kalisinatlu kanipistaayi, edama sagam aangla chetulu mariyu kudi sagam scottish chetulu, mariyu kavachalu meeda kanipinche aayudhaala kramam ingland mariyu scatland, france, ingland mariyu scatland, ireland avutundi. riverse design madhyalo garter kramamlo nakshatraanni choopistundi. naanem anchu vikarnamgaa milling cheyabadutundi.
modati georg paalanalo, decemberu 1717 naati raaja prakatana gineanu 21 shillingla vadda tirigi bharti chesindi, anduvalla nalabhai rendu shillingla vadda rettimpu chesindi. vaastavaaniki ginia viluva iravai nundi muppai shillingla madhya samvatsaraalugaa hecchutaggulaku guraindi, tatphalitamgaa eee paalanalo rendu-giniyalu kramarahitamgaa matrame jaarii cheyabaddaayi, 1717,1720 mariyu 1726 samvatsaraalaku. avi saadhaarana british, french mariyu airish vaadanalatoe paatu kotta hanovarian raajavamsam yokka sankshipta sheershikalanu kaligi unnaayi. mundu bhaagamlo puraanaalatoe raaju yokka kudi vaipuku unna chitram undhi. ingland mariyu scatland, france, ireland mariyu hanover shields yokka kramam tappa, riverse munupati maadirigaane adhe saadhaarana designu anusaristundi, puraanamtho-"duke off brunswick und luneberg, arch-koshadhikari mariyu pavitra roman saamrajyam yokka ootar". naanem anchu vikarnamgaa milling cheyabadindi, mariyu eee paalana naanhela baruvu 16.8 graamulu. 
rendava georg yokka rendu ginia mukkalu currency jaarii kosam mudrinchina viluvalo chivaridigaa gurtinchabaddaayi. mudrinchina teedeelaloo 1734,1735,1738-1740,1748, mariyu 1753loe chivari sanchika unnaayi. naanem baruvu 16.8 graamulu. paalana prarambha bhaagamlo naanem anchunu vikarnamgaa milling chesaaru, conny 1739 nundi mukhyamgaa ginia filerla yokka saahasopetamaina muthaa karyakalapalanu anusarinchi, veeriki bahumatini post chesaaru, shevron ledhaa baanam-thala aakaraanni utpatti cheyadaaniki milling maarchabadindi.
mundu bhaagamlo raaju yokka edama-mukha vigraham undhi (1739 mariyu 1740loe "madhyantara thala" thoo, mariyu 1748 nundi paatha thalatho), puraanamtho (1739 mariyu 1740loe), ayithe venuka bhaagamlo ingland + scatland, france, hannover mariyu ireland yokka chetulu kaligina quarterlatho kuudina oke pedda kireetam gala kavacham undhi, mariyu puraanam-"grate britton raaju, france mariyu ireland, vishwaasam yokka raksakudu, brunswick mariyu loonberg duke, pavitra roman saamrajyam yokka pradhana koshadhikari mariyu ennika".
georg II paalanalo jagrattagaa tayaaru chesina mariyu atyanta meruguparachabadina dies nundi debbatinna rendu ginia yokka namuunaa ledhaa rujuvu samasyalanu pravesapettadam kooda gurtinchabadindi. 1733 naati rendu giniyala yokka zaan croker namuunaaku oka udaaharana, paalanalooni modati currency issueki mundugaane londonlo vaelamloe £38,000 kuu vikrayinchabadindi.
georg III (1760-1820).
georg III paalanalo rendu ginia naanhelu mudrinchabaddaayi, ayithe bhavishyat naanheelanu oohinchi raaja pudiinaa ippatikee rujuvulu mariyu viluvala namuunaala utpattilo nimagnamai undhi. phalitamgaa, appati pradhana chekkina zaan sigismund tanner 1768,1770 mariyu 1773 samvatsaraalaku uddesinchina naanem yokka pareekshalanu roopondinchaadu, taruvaata athani sahayakudu richard yoo 1777 samvatsaraaniki oka pareeksha naanemnu roopondinchaadu. annee takkuva parimaanamlo srushtinchabaddaayi mariyu ippudu collectorlache chaalaa prachuryam pondaayi. rendu giniyala prastuta vaelam rikaardu, currency issue ledhaa rujuvu 1768 namuunaa yokka udaaharana, idhi janavari 2014loe newyorklo £120,000kuu paiga ammudaindi.

