
taabelu

taabellu () anevi testudinidae kutumbaaniki chendina testudinidae (lattin "taabelu") anae padaaniki chendina sareesrupaalu. itara tabella maadirigaane, taabellu kooda vaeta mariyu itara bedirimpula nundi rakshinchadaaniki oka shell kaligi untaayi. taabellaloni shell saadhaaranamgaa kathinamgaa untundi, mariyu upashreni cryptodiraloni itara sabhyula maadirigaane, avi tama medalu mariyu talalanu rakshinchadaaniki neerugaa venukaku shell loki venakki teesukuntaayi.
galapagos diggajam taabelu vanti konni jaatulato taabellu parimaanamlo maaravacchu, podavu kante ekkuva perugutaayi, ayithe speckled cape taabelu vanti itara jaatulu podavaina kolatalanu matrame kaligi untaayi. galapagos diggajam taabelu mariyu aldabra diggajam taabeluto sahaa tabella aneka vamsaalu 100 kilola kante ekkuva shareera parimaanaalalo swatantramgaa abhivruddhi chendaayi. ivi saadhaaranamgaa rojuvaaree jantuvulu, parisara ushnogratalanu batti crepuscularga unde dhoranulu kaligi untaayi. ivi saadhaaranamgaa ekanta jantuvulu. taabellu prapanchamlo ekkuva kaalam jeevinche bhuu jantuvulu, ayithe ekkuva kaalam jeevinche taabelu jaathi charchaneeyaamsam. galapagos taabellu 150 samvatsaraalaku paiga jeevinchinatlu gurtinchabadindi, ayithe advaita anae aldabra diggajam taabelu 255 samvatsaraalu jeevinchi undavacchu. saadhaaranamgaa, chaalaa taabelu jaatulu 80-150 samvatsaraalu jeevinchagalavu.
taabellu prasaantamgaa mariyu nemmadigaa kadulutaayi, sagatu nadaka vegam 0.2-0.5 kimmy/gamm.
paribhasha.
saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche aangla padaala vaividhyaanni batti taabelu, taabelu mariyu terrapin anae padaala vaadakamlo thedaalu unnaayi; vadakam asthiramgaa mariyu viruddhamgaa untundi. eee padaalu saadhaarana paerlu mariyu khachitamaina jeeva ledhaa vargeekarana vyatyaasaalanu pratibimbimchavu.
dhi american society off ichthiologists und herpetologists, avi bhoomilo nivasistunnaya ledhaa samudramlo nivasistunnaya anae daanitoe sambandham lekunda, arder testudines yokka anni jaatulanu vivarinchadaaniki "taabelu" nuu upayogistundi mariyu nemmadigaa kadile bhoogola jaatulaku "taabelu" anae padaanni marinta nirdishta padamgaa upayogistundi. saadhaarana american vadakam angeekaristundi; taabelu anedi tarachugaa oka saadhaarana padam (konni dheenini jala taabellaku parimitam chesinappatiki); taabelunu bhusambandha taabellaku matrame suuchimchadaaniki ledhaa, marinta irukaina, aadhunika bhuu tabella kutumbam ayina testudinidae yokka sabhyulaku matrame upayogistaaru; mariyu terrapin chinna mariyu taja mariyu uppu neetilo nivasinche taabellanu suuchimchavachchu, mukhyamgaa diamond byaak terrapin ("malachylmis terrapin"). udaaharanaku, americalo, "terripene" jaatiki chendina sabhyulu bhoomipai nivasistaaru, ayinappatikee vaatini taabellu kakunda baaks taabellu anie pilustaaru.
dheeniki viruddhamgaa, british vadakam, "taabelu" nuu aardarlooni sabhyulandarikee saadhaarana padamgaa upayoginchadu, mariyu vaaru vaastavaaniki testudinidae kutumbaaniki chendinavaarainaa anae daanitoe sambandham lekunda, arder testudines yokka bhoomilo nivasinche sabhyulandarikee "taabellu" anae padaanni vistrutamgaa vartimpajestundi. britainlo, terrapin anedi americalo parimitam cheyabadina ardham kante pedda samuuhamlooni semiaquatic taabellanu suuchimchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi.
australian vadakam american mariyu british vadakam rendintikee bhinnamgaa untundi. bhuu taabellu australiaku chendinavi kaavu, saampradayakamgaa manchineeti taabellanu australialo "taabellu" anie pilustaaru. kontamandi australian nipunulu eee vadakanni tiraskarinchaaru-taabellu anae padam "chaalaa bhinnamaina alavaatlu mariyu avasaralu unna puurtigaa bhusambandhamaina jantuvulaku matrame parimitam cheyabadindani, veetilo edhee eee desamlo kanipinchavu" anie nammevaaru-mariyu australia yokka pradhanamgaa jala sabhyulanu vivarinchadaaniki "manchineeti taabelu" anae padaanni upayoginchadaanni prothsahinchaaru, endukante idhi "taabelu" anae padaanni tappudova pattinche vadakanni nivaaristundi mariyu samudra tabella nundi upayogakaramaina vyatyaasam kooda.
jeevasaastram.
jeevita chakram.
chaalaa jaatula taabellu chinna clutch parimaanaalalo untaayi, arudugaa 20 gudlanu minchipothayi, mariyu aneka jaatulu 1 nundi 2 gudla clutch parimaanaalanu matrame kaligi untaayi. chaalaa jaatulalo podige kaalam lakshanamgaa podavugaa untundi, sagatu podige kaalam 100 mariyu 160.0 rojula madhya untundi. guddu pettadam saadhaaranamgaa raatri samayamlo jarugutundi, aaa taruvaata talli taabelu thana guttanu isuka, matti mariyu sendriya padaarthaalatho kapputundi. gudlu gamanimpabadanivigaa vadiliveyabadataayi, mariyu jaatulanu batti, podiginchadaaniki 60 nundi 120 rojula varaku padutundi. guddu parimaanam talli parimaanampai aadharapadi untundi mariyu carapace mariyu plastron madhya cloacal terachi vedalpunu pariseelinchadam dwara anchanaa veyavachu. aada taabelu yokka plastron tarachugaa thoka krinda gurtinchadagina vii-aakarapu geetanu kaligi untundi, idhi gudlanu daatadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. podige kaalam puurtayina tarvaata, puurtigaa erpadina podalu daani shell nundi bayataku raavadaaniki guddu dantaanni upayogistaayi. idhi goodu uparitalampai tavvutundi mariyu daani swantha manugada jeevitaanni praarambhistundi. avi pindam guddu sanchitho podiginchabadataayi, idhi aaharaanni kanugonadaaniki balam mariyu kadalikanu kaligi unde varaku modati moodu nundi edu rojulu poeshanhaku muulamgaa panichestundi. baalya taabellaku tarachugaa peddala kante bhinnamaina poeshaka samatulyata avasaram, kabatti marinta parinati chendina taabelu tinani aaharalanu tinavacchu. udaaharanaku, saadhaaranamgaa saakaahaara jaatula chinna pillalu adanapu protein kosam purugulu ledhaa keetaka larvalanu tintaaru.
chettu yokka cross-section maadirigaane, carapace meeda kendrikruta valayala sankhya konnisaarlu jantuvu vayassu entha anedaaniki oka clue ivvagaladu, conny, perugudala aaharam mariyu neeti labhyatapai ekkuvagaa aadharapadi untundi kabatti, kaalaanuguna vaividhyam lekunda pushkalamgaa metha (ledhaa daani yajamani dwara kramam tappakunda tinipinchabadutundi) andubaatulo unna taabelu gurtinchadagina valayalanu kaligi undadu. antekakunda, konni taabellu prati seasonku okati kante ekkuva ungaraalu perugutaayi, marikonnintilo, dharinchadam valla, konni ungaraalu ikapai kanipinchavu.
taabellu saadhaaranamgaa yea jantuvu kante ekkuva kaalam jeevinche vaatilo okati, mariyu kontamandi vyaktulu 150 samvatsaraala kante ekkuva kaalam jeevinchinatlu telisindi. eee kaaranamgaa, avi chainees samskruti vanti konni samskrutulalo deerghaayuvunu suuchistaayi. ippativaraku namodu cheyabadina athi puraatana taabelu, mariyu ippativaraku namodu cheyabadina athi puraatana vyaktigata jantuvulalo okati tui malila, dheenini 1777loe british anveshakudu james cook janminchina koddikaalaanike tongan raaja kutumbaaniki andinchaadu. tuvi malila 1965 mae 19naa 188 samvatsaraala vayassulo sahaja kaaranaala valla maraninche varaku tongan raaja kutumbam samrakshanhalo undipoyindi.
bharatadesamloni alipore jantupradarsanasaala advaitaku nivasamga undhi, idhi marchi 23,2006naa maraninche varaku atyanta puraatanamaina sajeeva jantuvu anie jantupradarsanasaala adhikarulu paerkonnaaru. advaita (addvita anie kooda pilustaaru) anedi lard vellesley bharatadesaniki teesukuvacchina aldabra diggajam taabelu, athanu daanini 1875loe janthupradarshanashaalanu erpaatu chesinappudu alipur janthu udyaanavanaalaku appaginchaadu. advaita kaneesam 150 samvatsaraala vayassu galavaadani recordulu chuuputunnaayani paschima bengaul adhikarulu chepparu, ayithe itara aadharalu 250nii suuchimchaayi. advaita robbert clive pempudu jantuvu anie cheppabadindi.
1987 nundi 2006loe aame maraninche varaku queenslandloni australia jantupradarsanasaalalo nivaasam unna harriet, aamenu charless darwin "beagal" loe inglaandku teesukuvacchi, aapai zaan clements vikam australiaku teesukuvacchinatlu nammutaaru. harriet thana 176va puttinarojuku siggutho juun 23,2006naa maraninchindi.
timothi anae aada podavati taabelu sumaru 165 samvatsaraala vayassu varaku jeevinchindi. 38 samvatsaraala paatu, aame britton raayal neeveeloo vividha nowkalaloo chihnamgaa teesukuvellabadindi. appudu 1892loe, 53 samvatsaraala vayassulo, aame devon looni pouder haam koota maidaanaaniki padavee viramana chesindi. 2004loe aame maraninche varaku, aame united kingdamlo nivasinche atyanta vruddhuraalani bhaavinchaaru.
seyint helena dveepamlo nivasistunna seashels diggajam taabelu ayina jonathan vayassu antha ekkuva kaavacchu.
dimorphism.
aneka jaatula taabellu jaathi dviruupamainavi, ayinappatikee maga mariyu aada madhya thedaalu jaatula nundi jaatulaku maarutuu untaayi. konni jaatulalo, magavaariki aada pratyardhula kante podavaina, ekkuva poduchukunna meda palaka untundi, marikonnintilo, aada panjaalu podavainavi.
maga plastron punarutpattiki sahaayapadataaniki lopaliki vangi untundi. taabelu jaatini nirnayinchadaaniki sulabhamaina maargam thokanu chudatam. saadhaaranamgaa aadavi chinna thokalu kaligi untaayi, kindaki padipothayi, ayithe magavi chaalaa podavaina thokalanu kaligi untaayi, ivi saadhaaranamgaa paiki mariyu venuka shell vaipu laagabadataayi.
medadu.
taabelu medadu chaalaa chinnadi. madhya mariyu dakshina americaku chendina erra paadaala taabellaku medadulo hippocompus anie piluvabade praantam ledhu, idhi bhavodvegam, abhyasam, ghnaapakasakti mariyu praadaesika naavigeshanku sambandhinchinadi. erra paadaala taabellu bhavodvega charyala kosam medadulooni madhyastha valkalam anie piluvabade oka praantampai aadhaarapadavacchani adhyayanalu choopinchaayi, eee praantaanni maanavulu nirnayam teesukovadam vanti charyala kosam upayogistaaru.
17va sataabdamloo, francesco redi oka bhuu taabelu medadunu tolaginche oka prayogaanni nirvahinchaadu, adhi taruvaata aaru nelalu jeevinchindi. manchineeti taabellu, adhe prayogaaniki gurainappudu, adhe vidhamgaa konasagayi, conny antha kaalam jeevinchaledu. redi oka taabelu talanu puurtigaa narikivesi, adhi 23 rojulu jeevinchindi.
pampinhee.
dakshina uttara america nundi dakshina dakshina america varaku, madhyadhara pareevaahaka praantam chuttoo, eurasia antataa aagneya asea varaku, upa-sahara africa, madagaskar mariyu konni pasiphik dheevulalo taabellu kanipistaayi. vaaru australiaku chendinavaaru kaadu. avi edaarulu, shushka gaddi bhoomulu, podala nundi tadi satataharita adavulu, samudra mattam nundi parvataala varaku vividha aavasalalo nivasistaayi. ayithe, chaalaa jaatulu pakshika shushka aavasalanu aakramistaayi.
aneka pedda dveepaalu pedda tabella jaatulache vargeekarinchabaddaayi ledhaa vargeekarinchabaddaayi. dheeniki kaaranam taabellu samudramlo chedaragottadamlo manchivi. eetha kottalekapoyinappatiki, taabellu samudramlo ekkuva kaalam jeevinchagalavu, endukante avi aaharam ledhaa manchineeru lekunda nelala tarabadi jeevinchagalavu. taabellu 740 kii. mea. la kante ekkuva samudra chedaragottabadina pradaesaalaloo manugada saaginchagalavani telisindi. okappudu dveepaalalo taabellu konni maamsaahaarulanu ledhaa pootiidaarulanu edurkonnaayi mariyu vaati takkuva jeevakriya raetu mariyu ksheeradaalato poliste manchineeti avasaram taggadam valla pedda parimaanaalaku perugutaayi mariyu aneka dveepaalalo prabalamaina pedda saakahaarulugaa maaravacchu.
nedu kevalam rendu jeevajaatula pedda taabellu matrame unnaayi, aldabra atol meeda unna aldabra diggajam taabelu mariyu galapagos dheevulalo kanipinche galapagos diggajam taabelu yokka aneka jaatulu/upajaatulu. ayithe, iteevala varaku bahamas, grater antilles (cuba mariyu hispaniolatho sahaa), lesser antilles, connery dheevulu, malta, seashels, maskareen dheevulu (mauritius mariyu puna un kalayikatho sahaa) mariyu madagaskarlatho sahaa daadaapu prati pradhana dveepa samuuhamloo pedda taabellu kanipinchaayi. eee taabellalo chaalaa varaku maanava raakato tudichipettukupoyayi. eee pedda taabellalo chaalaa varaku daggari sambandham laenivi ("megalochelis", "chelonoidis", "centrochales", "aldabrachelis", "cylindraspis" mariyu "hesperotestudo" vanti vividha jaatulaku chendinavi), conny avi convergent evalution dwara swatantramgaa pedda shareera parimaanaanni abhivruddhi chesayani bhaavistaaru. australia mariyu aneka dakshina pasiphik dheevulalo pedda taabellu mukhyamgaa laevu, conny suduura sambandhita meolenid taabellu adhe samuchita sthaanaanni nimpayani bhaavistunnaaru. uttara america, dakshina america, eurup, asea mariyu africa pradhana bhuubhaagamlooni oligocene-pleocene nundi kooda pedda taabellu piluvabadutunnaayi, conny ippudu annee antarinchipooyaayi, ivi maanava kaaryakalaapaalaku kooda aapadinchabaddaayi.
aaharam.
taabellu saadhaaranamgaa gaddi, kalupu mokkalu, aakukuuralu, puvvulu mariyu konni pandlanu tine kathinamaina saakahaarulugaa pariganinchabadataayi. ayithe, konni sandarbhaallo pakshulanu vetaadatam mariyu tinadam gamaninchabadindi. pempudu taabellaku saadhaaranamgaa adavi gaddi, kalupu mokkalu, aakukuuralu mariyu konni puvvula aadhaaramgaa aaharam avasaram. konni jaatulu vaati saadhaarana aavasalalo purugulu ledhaa keetakaalu mariyu kshayam kaliginche vaatini tintaayi. saakaahaara jaatulalo ekkuva protein hanikaram, mariyu shell vaikalyalu mariyu itara vaidya samasyalatho mudipadi undhi. vividha taabelu jaatulu vaati poeshaka avasaraalalo chaalaa bhinnamgaa untaayi.
pravartana.
taabellalo communication aneka itara sareesrupaala nundi bhinnamgaa untundi. avi vaati shell mariyu chinna avayavaala dwara parimitam cheyabadinanduna, drushya communication taabellalo balamaina communication roopam kaadu. taabellu itara tabella lingaanni nirnayinchadaaniki ghraana sankethaalanu upayogistaayi, tadwara avi sambhaavya bhaagaswaamini kanugonagalavu. poraatam mariyu prema vyavaharam samayamlo taabellalo sparsha communication mukhyam. poraatam mariyu srungaaram rendintiloonuu, taabellu itara vyaktulatoe communicate cheyadaaniki ramingnu upayogistaayi.
vargeekarana.
eee jaatula jabita ekkuvagaa taabelu vargeekarana working group (2021) mariyu taabelu vilupta working group (2015) nuu anusaristundi.
kutumba testudinidae baach 1788
phylogeny.
lii mariyu itarulanu anusarinchi tabella paramaanu phylogeny. (2006:525):
mtdna vislaeshanha dwara pratyeka filogenyni kehlmeyer mariyu itarulu kanugonnaru."(2021):
2023loe kehlmeyer mallee 2021 jaatiki chaalaa saaruupya jaatini tirigi pondaadu, idhi antarinchipoyina "cylindraspis" yokka parinaamaatmaka pratyaekatanu marinta punarudghaatinchindi, conny "gopherus" mariyu "manorrhea" sthaanaanni maarchukuni, "gopherus" nuu atyanta besal genasga maarchindi.
maanava samskrutilo.
matamlo.
hinduu matamlo, kurma () vishnuvu yokka rendava avataaram. matsya avataaram maadirigaane, kurma kooda satya yuganiki chendinadi. vishnu sagam manishi, sagam cheekati roopaanni teesukunnadu, diguva sagam taabelu. athanu saadhaaranamgaa naalugu chetulu kaligi unnatlu choopabadindi. mahaa varada taruvaata ayana samudrapu adugubhaagamlo kuurchunnaadu. itara devatalu samudraanni kadilinchi, vaeda prajala puraatana sampadanu kanugonadaaniki athani venuka bhaagamlo oka parvataanni unchaaru.
yoodamatam mariyu prarambha kraistavamatamlo taabellanu aparisubhramaina jantuvulugaa bhaavinchevaaru.
praacheena chaineeyulu anchanaalu cheyadaaniki taabelu gundlanu orakil emukalugaa upayoginchevaaru.
taabelu puraatana greeku devudu, heermesku chihnam.
antarikshamlo.
1968 septembarulo, rendu russian taabellu chandrudiki velli, chuttoo tirigina modati jantuvulugaa nilichayi. vaari johned 5 mission vaarini surakshitamgaa bhoomiki tirigi teesukuvacchindi.

