
atyavasara prasaara vyavastha

konnisaarlu emergency action notification system (ens) anie piluvabade emergency broadcast system (ebs) anedi united stateslo upayoginche atyavasara heccharika vyavastha. atyavasara overide vyavasthatho paatu idhi atyanta saadhaaranamgaa upayoginchabadindi. idhi munupati sankuvu vyavasthanu bharti chesindi mariyu 1963 nundi 1997 varaku upayoginchabadindi, aaa samayamlo idhi atyavasara heccharika vyavastha dwara bharti cheyabadindi.
lakshyam.
yuddham, yuddham muppu ledhaa teevramaina jaateeya sankshobham sambhavinchinappudu america prajalatho vaegamgaa communicate cheyadaaniki america adhyakshudiki oka paddhatini andinchadaaniki eee vyavastha sthaapinchabadindi. 1963 augustu 5naa atyavasara prasaara vyavastha konelad sthaanamlo vachindi. taruvaati samvatsaraallo, idhi rashtra mariyu sthaanika sthaayilalo saantikaala atyavasara paristhithullo upayogam kosam vistarinchabadindi.
eee vyavasthanu jaateeya atyavasara paristhitula kosam ennadoo upayoginchanappatiki, poura atyavasara sandeshaalu mariyu teevramaina vaataavarana pramaadaala heccharikalanu prasaram cheyadaaniki 1976 mariyu 1996 madhya 20,000 saarlu kante ekkuva sakriyam cheyabadindi.
jaateeya sthaayi ii. bii. ess.
jaateeya sthaayilo ebsnu sakriyam cheyadaaniki oka uttarvu adhyakshuditho udbhavinchi, white house communications agency duty officer dwara rendu muula binduvulalo okadaaniki prasaram cheyabadi undedi-aerospace defence command (edisi) ledhaa federal preparation agency (fpa)-vyavastha 1978 loe unnatlugaa. palgone telecommunications saadhaarana vahakalu, radeo mariyu television netvarklu, anubandha press mariyu united press international eee prayojanam kosam pratyaekamgaa roopondinchina teletypriter network dwara atyavasara charya notification (eoin) nuu andukuni dhruveekaristaayi. eee graheetalu tama chandaadaarulaku mariyu anubandha samsthalaku een nuu prasaram chestaaru.
aerospace defence command ledhaa federal samsiddhata agency dwara eeen vidudala cheyadam dwara saadhaarana vahakalu ebisi, cbs mariyu enbisi vanti swatantra netvarklanu oke jaateeya netvarkku anusandhaaninche prakriyanu praarambhistaayi, dheeni nundi swatantra stationlu kooda prograamingnu pondavacchu. "prasaara kendraalu tama ketaayinchina prasaara frequencipy 2-tone attension signalnu upayoginchi, itara prasaara kendraalanu rashtrapati nundi sandesam kosam nilabadamani heccharinchevi."prasaara kendram yokka ketaayinchina frequencylo kaaryakramaala prasaram, mariyu television netvarklu/stationlu mariyu efm radeo stationlu palgonagalavu anae vaastavam, ebsnu konelad nundi vaeru chesindi. ebs radeo stationlu tappanisarigaa 640 ledhaa 1240loe am dial dwara prasaram cheyavu, efm radeo mariyu televisionlu am radeo stationla maadirigaane audeo prograamnu kaligi untaayi.
kriyaaseelata prakriya.
vaastava kriyaaseelatalu saadhaarana programme niyantrana kendram (cpcs-1) anie piluvabade praathamika station thoo udbhavinchaayi, idhi saadhaarana programme niyantrana kendram (cpcs-1) nuu prasaram chestundi. eee vyavasthatho saadhaaranamgaa anubandhinchabadina attension signal 853 mariyu 960 heartz saine taramgaala kalayika, daani asoukaryam kaaranamgaa drushtiki saripotundi. rile stationla vadda decoderlu alaram moginchi, station sibbandini incoming sandesam gurinchi heccharistaayi. appudu, prati rile station heccharika swaraanni prasaram chestundi mariyu praadhamika station nundi atyavasara sandesaanni tirigi prasaram chestundi. 1960la madhyalo attension signal abhivruddhi cheyabadindi.
ebs yokka desavyaapta kriyaaseelatanu emergency action notification (eeen) anie pilicheevaaru, mariyu stationlu vismarinchadaaniki anumatinchani ekaika kriyaaseelata idhi; federal communications commission sthaanika poura atyavasara paristhitulanu, vaataavarana salahalanu aichhikamgaa chesindi (atuvanti sandeshaalaku "praadhamika" muulamgaa angeekarinchina stationlu minaha).
eeen protokaalnu sakriyam cheyadaaniki, anubandha press mariyu united press antarjaateeya wire sevalu pratyeka sandesamto stationlaku teliyajestaayi. idhi x yokka puurti panktitoe praarambhamaindi, mariyu teletype yantram lopala oka ganta padhi saarlu dhvanistundi. durviniyogam mariyu tappulanu nivaarinchadaaniki, sandesamlo nirdhaarana sanketapadam undhi, idhi pratiroojuu maarutundi. kriyaaseelata sandesaaniki saraina dhruvikarana lekapothe wire sevalalo okadaaniki chandha pondina stationlu ebsnu sakriyam cheyavalasina avasaram ledhu.
1971 naati tappudu heccharika.
sarigga dhruveekarinchabadina atyavasara charya notification tappugaa united states prasaara stationlaku udayam 9.33 gantalaku pampabadindi.emm. thoorpu praamaanika samayam fibravari 20,1971.
saadhaarana samayamlo varapu een pareeksha nirvahinchabadindi, teletype operator doubleu.ess. eberhart mundu moodu tepulu undevi oka test tape, mariyu rendu tepulu nijamaina atyavasara paristhitini suuchistaayi, ivi varusaga een sandesam #1, mariyu #2 nuu upayoginchamani suuchistaayi. athanu anukokunda tappu tapenu upayoginchaadu, idhi "dveshapuritatvam" anae tappu sanketapadaanni upayoginchindi. aaa sandesam stationlanu kramam tappakunda kaaryakramaalanu nilipiveyaalani, mariyu sandesam #1 nuu upayoginchi atyavasara charya notification praarambhinchaalani aadesinchindi. sandesam 1 united states prabhutvam abhyardhana meraku kramam tappakunda kaaryakramaalanu nilipivesinatlu perkondi, conny kaaranam gurinchi nirdishtamgaa cheppaledu. udayam 9.59 gantalaku raddu sandesam pampabadindi.emm. idhi, conny idhi asalu sandesam vale adhe sanketapadaanni upayoginchindi. saraina" sankethapadamtho kuudina raddu sandesam 10:13 a varaku pampabadaledu.emm. itt. 40 nimishalu mariyu aaru tappu ledhaa sarikani aakruteekarana raddu sandeshaala taruvaata, pramaadavasaattu kriyaaseelata adhikarikamga nilipiveyabadindi.
eee tappudu heccharika oka een yokka aacharanaatmaka amalulo pradhana lopaalanu pradarsinchindi. chaalaa stationlaku heccharika andaledu, conny murry mukhyamgaa, daanini nirlakshyam chesina vaaru (idhi schedule chesina pareeksha samayamlo vachinanduna idhi abaddham anie oppinchaaru), heccharika tappu anie etuvanti coded suuchanatoe ledhaa lekunda mundugaane raddu chesaaru, ledhaa vaariki takshaname andubaatulo unde eeen vidhana patraalu laevu, kabatti vaariki emi cheyaalo suuchana ledhu. activation pondina stationlalo kevalam 20 saatam matrame vidhaanaalanu puurtigaa anusarinchinatlu anchanaa. aadesinchina vidhamgaa aneka stationlu prasaram cheyabadaledu. (mariyu een vidhaanaala prakaram undaalsinavi kaavu) stationla nundi recordinglalo indianaloni fort vaenlooni vavo nundi okati undhi, dheeni kosam een kriyaaseelata yokka recording undhi.
eee tappudu alaram fibravari 25,1971 nundi code vard dwara atyavasara charya notificationla (ens) upayogam mariyu pareekshanu tatkalikamga nilipiveyadaaniki effsisini taralinchadaaniki taginantagaa vighaatam kaliginchindi. eelogaa, jaateeya ebs activation (vaastava ledhaa pareeksha) vaartaa seva prasaara descla dwara maarganirdesam cheyabadutundi, taruvaata white house communications centertho dhruveekarinchabadutundi, sumaru oka nimisham alasyanni pravesapedutundi. aneka parisoedhanalu praarambhinchabaddaayi mariyu eebeelalo aneka maarpulu cheyabaddaayi. vaatilo, aasannamaina daadini soochinche nirdishta bhashanu kaligi unna eeen sandesam #2 tolaginchabadindi. maroka maarpu emitante, nijamaina heccharikala kosam tepulanu varapu pareeksha tepulugaa porapaatu cheyakunda nirodhinchadaaniki prasaara yantraala nundi dhooramgaa taralinchadam. aneka rakshanalu amarchina taruvaata, eff. sii. sii. 1972 december madhyalo, avi nilipiveyabadina daadaapu 20 nelala taruvaata, eens upayoginchi eebs yokka svayamchaalaka jaateeya kriyaaseelatanu tirigi praarambhinchadaaniki ootu vesindi.
edu samvatsaraala taruvaata 1978loe, phoenix-area radeo station, krfm (ippudu kyot) porapaatuna konni sekanla paatu eebs white card scriptnu activate chesi station gurtimpuku antaraayam kaliginchindi.
vyavastha upayogistundi.
idhi ennadoo upayoginchabadanappatiki, eff. sii. sii. yokka eee. bii. ess pranaalikaloo stationlu oka chinna samayamlo anusarinchaalsina vivaranaatmaka vidhanalu unnaayi. atyavasara paristhiti praarambhamlo, alaage vivaranaatmaka samacharam korata unnappudalla anaunsarlu chadavaalsina khachitamaina scriptlu indulo unnaayi. itara vishayaalatoepaatu, telephone upayoginchavaddani, samacharam kosam prasaara kendraalanu vinadam konasaaginchaalani pourulaku aadesaalu jaarii cheyabaddaayi.
prarambha script chesina prakatana ilaa undih "memu eee kaaryakramaaniki antaraayam kaligistaamu. idhi jaateeya atyavasara paristhiti. united states adhyakshudu ledhaa athani niyaminchabadina pratinidhi atyavasara prasaara vyavasthalo tvaralo kanipistaaru."
vividha vanarula nundi adhikaarika samacharam veluvadatam praarambhinchadamtho, primary kaani stationlu eee krindi praadhaanyata jabita prakaram prasaram cheyalsi vachindihi
rashtrapati sandesaanni ellappuduu oka een samayamlo pratyaksha prasaram cheyalsina avasaram undedi. itara samacharam kosam, modata emi vyaapti cheyaalo nirnayinchadaaniki stationlu praadhaanyata jaabitaanu anusarinchaali. takkuva praadhaanyata gala adhikaarika karyakramalu-rashtra governor chirunama vantivi-idhi 'asadhaaranamgaa podavaina' sandesam kakapothe, andubaatulo unna rebrastact kosam record cheyabadaali, aaa sandarbhamlo adhi pratyaksha prasaram cheyabadutundi.
prati station yokka "swachchanda sahakaram" thoo (classic test prakatanalo paerkonnatlugaa) atyavasara prasaaramlo palgonadam jarigindi. jaateeya ebs networklo bhaagam kaavadaaniki siddhamgaa laeni stationlanu fcc "palgonanivi" gaa vargeekarinchindi. oka een samayamlo, atyavasara bulletinlu kanugonadaaniki shrotalu/veekshakulaku vaerae chota tune cheyamani salaha ivvadaaniki paalgonani station avasaram. appudu station transmitter aapiveyabadutundi. een nilipivese varaku paalgonani stationlu prasaaraaniki dhooramgaa undalsi vachindi. jaateeya atyavasara paristhitula samayamlo yea prasaara kendram kooda saadhaarana kaaryakramaalato konasagaledu.
vyavasthanu pareekshinchandi.
vyavastha nilipiveyabade varaku, radeo mariyu television stationlu udayam 8:30 gantala madhya yaadrucchikamgaa "attension signal mariyu test script yokka varapu prasaara pareeksha" nirvahinchaalsi undedi.emm. mariyu sthaanika suuryaastamayam. stationlu kaneesam vaaraaniki okasari pareekshanu nirvahinchaalsina avasaram undedi, mariyu gatha vaaramlo vaaru rashtra ledhaa sthaanika atyavasara paristhiti kosam ebsnu sakriyam chesinatlayithe ledhaa samanvayamtho kuudina rashtra ledhaa sthaanika ebs pareekshalo paalgonnatlayithe matrame alaa cheyadam nundi minahayinchabaddaru. adanamgaa, stationlu ebs sandeshaala kosam vaaru paryavekshinche prati station nundi andukunna pareekshalanu namodu cheyalsi untundi. eee stationlu prati muulam nundi varapu pareekshanu vinagalavani aasinchagalavu kabatti idhi adanapu tanikheegaa upayogapadindi. kaneesam vaaraaniki okasari signalnu andukovadamlo vaiphalyam antey paryaveekshinchabadina stationku heccharika signalnu prasaram cheyadamlo samasya undani ledhaa paryaveekshanha stationku daanini sweekarinchadamlo samasya undani ardham.
pareeksha namuunaa.
modata, saadhaarana karyakramalu nilipiveyabaddaayi, ayithe pareekshalu saadhaaranamgaa konasagimpu kaaranaala valla vaanijya viraamaala samayamlo nirvahinchabaddaayi. television stationlu paina jabita cheyabadina rendu ledhaa krinda jabita cheyabadina moodu vanti veediyo slidelanu prasaram chestaayi; samvatsaraalugaa aneka namuunaalu andubaatulo unnaayi. konni stationlalo vaaru tama pareekshala kosam rotationlo upayoginche bahula slidelu kooda unnaayi, okati prarambha prakatana kosam, marokati attension signal transmission kosam mariyu marokati mugimpu prakatana kosam. eee krindi prakatanallo okati prasaram cheyabadindihi
pratyamnaayamgaa, "atyavasara prasaara vyavastha" anae paerunu upayoginchavacchu.
taruvaata, shraddha sanketam prasaram cheyabadindi. praarambhamlo, pareekshalanu mariyu kriyaaseelatalanu konlad pareekshala maadirigaane praarambhinchaaru. praathamika stationlu tama transmitterlanu aidu sekanla paatu aapivesi, aidu sekanla paatu tirigi aann chesi, maroe aidu sekanla paatu off chesi, aapai tirigi gaaliloki velli, dviteeya stationlanu apramattam cheyadaaniki 15 sekanla paatu 1000 heartz tone prasaram chestaayi. television stationlu ilanti niyamaalaku kattubadi undevi, conny vaari sound carrierlanu matrame aapivesevi. eee vegavantamaina off-und-aann prasaara injaneerlaku "eebs stress test" gaa prasiddhi chendindi, endukante paatha transmitterlu konnisaarlu vegavantamaina saikling aann mariyu off tarvaata viphalamavutaayi. prasaara saanketikata abhivruddhi chendadamtho mariyu rendu-tone alaram abhivruddhi cheyabadinanduna idhi anavasaramainadigaa maarindi.
1976loe praarambhamaina paatha konlad signalling paddhati ("ebbs stress test") paina perkonna rendu-tone attension signal kuu anukuulamgaa raddu cheyabadindi. stationlu 20 nundi 25 sekanla paatu eebs encoder nundi tone play cheyalsi undedi. 1995 madhyalo, oka kotta niyamam amallo unchabadindi, idhi stationlaku enimidi nundi 25 sekanla varaku ekkadainaa attension signalnu prasaram chese avakaasaanni ichindi. 10 vaatlu ledhaa anthakante takkuva vegamtho panichese vaanijyetara vidya efm radeo stationlu mariyu takkuva saktitoe panichese tv stationlaku attension signalnu prasaram cheyakunda minahaayimpu icchaaru.
moodavadi, shraddha sanketam taruvaata maroka prakatana prasaram cheyabadindi. modati bhaagam kooda ilaa undih
prakatana yokka rendava bhaagamlo aneka vaividhyaalu unnaayi. vyavastha prarambha rojullo, kaaryaacharana praantaaniki niyaminchabadina praadhamika station kakunda itara stationlu atyavasara paristhitiloo (konlad rojulanu gurtuchese) moosiveyavalasi undedi, mariyu sandesam yokka vaividhyam
1980la praarambhamlo, praathamika station nundi sandeshaalanu record cheyadam mariyu prasaram cheyadam stationlaku sulabhataram ayyindi, mariyu ii. sii. bii. emm. la abhivruddhi kaaranamgaa, alaage manushulatho kuudina vimaanaala kosam marinta saamarthyam kaligina aann-board navigation vyavasthala kaaranamgaa, shatru bomberlu prasaara sankethaalanu upayoginchi navigate chese pramaadam taggindi. phalitamgaa, vyavasthanu sakriyam chesetappudu primary kaani stationlu moosiveyavalasina avasaram tolaginchabadindi, mariyu sandesam ilaa marindi
(i.) kosam ebs sakriyam cheyabade atyavasara paristhitulanu kooda stationlu jabita cheyavachu.ii. sudigaali heccharikalu, aakasmika varada heccharikalu, tuphaanu heccharikalu mariyu/ledhaa bhookampaalu); kaneesam oka station, doubleu. sii. ii. zii-tv, united states paie daadi daani pareeksha lipilo eebs kriyaaseelataku saadhyamayye drushtaamtamgaa aprasiddhamgaa perkondi.
1980la chivaralo mariyu 90la praarambhamlo, laas angels praantamlooni aneka television stationlu bhookampa samsiddhatanu nokki cheppe nirdishta pariksha scriptlanu kaligi unnaayi. laas angels praantamloo nivasinche prajalu bhookampam ledhaa itara rakaala atyavasara paristhitulaku siddhamgaa undataaniki vaari telephone directorylloni atyavasara samsiddhata vibhaganni adhyayanam cheyaalani koraru.
1990la madhyalo paina perkonna atyavasara heccharika vyavastha, daani varasudu eebs sthaanamlo bharti cheyabotunnanduna, konni stationlu eee krindi sandesaanni upayoginchaayih
chivaraga, eee pareeksha eee padabandhaalalo okadaanitoe mugisindihi
aaa samayamlo eff. sii. sii. nibandhanalu, sthaanika praadhaanyatalu mariyu pareekshanu nirvahinche nirdishta station praathamika ebbs station kaadaa anae daanipai aadharapadi eee vaividhyaalu desamloni vividha praantaalalo samvatsaraalugaa vinipinchaayi. prakatana paataanni eff. sii. sii. tappanisari chesindi. stationlaku pareeksha scriptnu pratyakshamgaa chadavadam ledhaa record chesina samskaranalanu upayoginche avakaasam undedi. syracuse, newyorkloni radeo mariyu gede, newyorkloni wgr radeo rendintiloonuu atyanta saadhaarana script yokka paadina version undedi. laas angels aadhaarita choukaina radeo thrills dwara oka version kooda cheyabadindi, alaage baab und rae yokka haasya brundam marokati chesindi. pareeksha sandesaanni padatam ledhaa jokga chadavadam chattaviruddhamani eff. sii. sii prakatinchindi. ayithe, texasloni shaan antonioloni quex-tvlo prasaram chesinatlugaa, oka station aanglam kakunda vaerae bhaashalo prasaram chesthe, daanini maroka bhaashalo (udaaharanaku, french ledhaa spanish) chadavadam aamodayogyamgaa untundi. heccharika sandesam lipi yokka kaapeelu aanglamlo kooda prasaram cheyabadinanta kaalam, yea itara bhashalonaina prasaram cheyadam aamodayogyamani cheppe note kaligi unnaayi.
adanamgaa, 1980laloe kontakaalam paatu, kanektikatloni hartfordloni wfsblo sanketha bhashanu (hartford television market antataa cheviti vyaktula kosam) upayoginchadam dwara prarambha mariyu mugimpu pareeksha prakatanalanu andinchadaaniki terapai kanipinche oka mahila, oka maga anaunsartho kalisi rendu prakatanalanu chadavadam terapai pradarsinchabadindi.
pareeksha mariyu saamskrutika prabhavam yokka uddesyam.
eebs tone transmitterlu mariyu decoderlu sarigga panichestunnayo ledho dhruveekarinchadaaniki eff. sii. sii mariyu prasaarakulanu anumatinchadam eee pareeksha yokka uddesyam. varapu pareekshato paatu, mottam vyavastha yokka pareeksha kriyaaseelatalu chaalaa samvatsaraalu kramaanugatamgaa nirvahinchabaddaayi. eee pareekshalu desavyaaptamgaa daadaapu 80 saatam prasaara samsthalu vyavastha sakriyam cheyabadina aidu nimishaallopu atyavasara kaaryakramaalanu nirvahistaayani choopinchaayi.
eebs attension signal mariyu test script yokka varapu prasaralu daanini aaa kaalamlooni american saamskrutika nirmaanamloo mukhyamaina bhaagamgaa marchai mariyu 1970la chivaralo test script yokka paadina samskaranalu vanti pedda sankhyalo jokulu mariyu skitlaku amsamgaa marai. adanamgaa, chaalaa mandhi pillalu pareeksha namuunaalu mariyu shraddha sanketaalato bhayapaddarani, inca vaastava atyavasara paristhitula valla marinta bhayapaddarani saakshyamichaaru.
vimarsha.
jaateeya atyavasara paristhitiloo adhyakshudu american prajalatho communicate cheyaalani uddesinchinappatiki, chaalaa mandhi vimarsakulu vaastava atyavasara paristhitiloo eebs panicheestundaa anie adigaru. 1984 interviewlo doublucco-aam kuu chendina curt beckman vyavastha yokka prabhavam gurinchi thana sandehaalanu vyaktam chesaru

