
bengali maandalikaalu

bengali bhasha yokka maandalikaalu dakshina aasiyaaloni bengaul praantamloo vistrutamgaa matlade indo-european bhasha kutumbaaniki chendina thoorpu indo-aryan bhasha samuuhamloo bhaagam. bengali matlade maandalikaalu porugu maandalikaalato parasparam ardham chesukogalavu.
bengali maandalikaalanu kaneesam rendu koonaalaloo vargeekarinchavachuh matlade bhasha verses matlade bhasha. saahitya vaividhyaalu, mariyu pratishta verses. praantiiya vaividhyaalu.
vargeekaranalu.
suneeti kumar chatterjee mariyu suu kumar saine tama dhvanisaastram mariyu uchchaarana dwara bengali maandalikaalanu aidu taragatulugaa vargeekarinchaaru. avih
1. thoorpu bengali mandalikam bengali mandalikam bengali bhaashalo atyanta vistrutamgaa matlade mandalikam. idhi bangladeshloni khulna, barisal, dhaakaa, mimensing, sylhet mariyu komilla vibhagalu mariyu bharatadesamloni tripura raashtramlo matladataru.
2. raarii mandalikah raarii mandalikam nairuti bengaul, bharatadesam mariyu nairuti bangladeshlo chaalaa varaku matladataru. dheenini daadaapu 20 saatam mandhi bengali prajalu matladataru. idhi matlade praantaalalo mottam presidency division (kolkata nagaram mariyu nadia jillaatho sahaa), khulna division uttara sagam, burdwan division dakshina sagam mariyu murshidabad jilla unnaayi.
3. varendri mandalikam eee rakanni bangladeshloni rajshahi division mariyu dakshina rangpur division mariyu bharatadesamloni paschima bengaul looni maldah division (gatamlo varendra ledhaa barrind divisionlo bhaagam) loe matladataru. maldah sarihaddulo unna beehar looni konni prakkane unna gramalalo kooda idhi matladataru.
4. rangpuri mandalikam eee mandalikam bangladeshloni rangpur division mariyu bharatadesamloni paschima bengaalloni jalpaiguri divisionlo mariyu assam mariyu bihar sarihaddu praantaalalo daani sameepamloni bengali matlade praantaalalo matladataru.
5. manbhoomi mandalikam manbhoomi paschima bengaul matlade praantaalalo matladataru, indulo paschima bengaalloni mottam medinipur division mariyu burdwan division uttara sagam mariyu jharkhand raashtramloni santal paragana division mariyu colhan divisionloni bengali matlade praantaalu unnaayi.
matlade mariyu saahitya vaividhyaalu.
itara indo-aryan bhashala kante, bengali adhikaarika, vraatapuurvaka bhasha mariyu sthaanika, matlade bhasha madhya balamaina bhinnatvaanni pradarsistundi. kontha bhinnamaina padajaalam mariyu vaakyanirmaanamtho kuudina rendu rachana sailulu udbhavinchaayih
vraatapuurvaka bengali kante matlade bengali chaalaa vaividhyaanni pradarsistundi. vaartaa nivedikalu, prasamgaalu, prakatanalu mariyu upanyasalalo vinipinche vaatitho sahaa adhikaarika matlade bengali, choltibhasha aadhaaramgaa roopondinchabadindi. matlade bengali yokka eee roopam itara matlade maandalikaalu ledhaa "aanglika bangla" (aanglam) (i.ii. 'praantiiya bengali'). ekkuva mandhi bengaaleelu okati kante ekkuva mandalikalalo matladagalugutaru-tarachugaa, matladevaru choltibhasha, okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva aangla mandalikam, mariyu okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva rakaala "gramyo bangla" (gramo bangla) (i.ii. 'graameena bengali'), oka graamam ledhaa pattanaaniki pratyaekamaina maandalikaalu.
bengaaleeyetara bhashalaku, eee maandalikaalu chaalaa bhinnamgaa anipinchavacchu ledhaa kanipinchavacchu, conny thedaalu ekkuvagaa dhvanisaastram mariyu padajaalamlo untaayi, mariyu chaalaa vyaakaranaparamgaa kaadu, konni thoorpu mandalikalalo vyaakarana lingam jodinchadam oka minahaayimpu. aneka maandalikaalu saadhu bhaashatho lakshanaalanu panchukuntaayi, idhi 19va sataabdam varaku vraatapuurvaka pramaanamgaa undedi. bengali maandalikaala poolika manaku bhasha yokka puraatana roopaala gurinchi kooda oka aalochana istundi.
19va sataabdam chivaralo mariyu 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo bengali praamaaneekarana samayamlo, saamskrutika unnatavargam ekkuvagaa kolkata, hooghly, haura, 24 paraganaalu mariyu nadia praantaalaku chendinavaaru. paschima bengaul mariyu bangladesh rendintiloonuu nedu praamaanika roopamgaa aamodinchabadinadi paschima-madhya maandalikampai aadharapadi undhi. rendu sataabdaala vidya mariyu maadhyamaala dwara eee bhasha nedu praamaaneekarinchabadinappatiki, vaividhyam vistrutamgaa undhi, chaalaa mandhi matladevaru vaari saamaajika-bhougolika vaividhyam alaage medialo upayoginche praamaanika mandalikam rendintiloonuu suparichitulu ledhaa anargalamgaa matladagalaru.
praantiiya maandalika bhedaalu.
bengaaleelo maandalika vyatyaasaalu moodu roopaallo vyaktamavutaayih praamaanika mandalikam verses. praantiiya mandalikam, saahitya bhasha verses. vyaavahaarika bhasha, mariyu lexical (padajaalam) vaividhyaalu. maandalikaala paeru saadhaaranamgaa bhasha matlade jilla nundi udbhavinchindi.
dakshina aasiyaaloni bengali matlade praantaalalo bhasha yokka praamaanika roopam peddagaa vaividhyaanni chuupimchanappatikii, matlade bengaaleelo praantiiya vaividhyam maandalika konasaagimpunu kaligi untundi. ekkuvagaa prasangam kevalam konni mailla dhooramlo maarutuu untundi mariyu mataparamaina samajalalo vibhina roopaalanu teesukuntundi. bengali hinduvulu samskruta bengaaleelo (saadhu bhaashalo avasheshaalu) matladataru, bengali muslimlu tulanaatmakamgaa ekkuva parsho-arabic padajaalaanni upayogistaaru mariyu bengali kraistavulu tama sonta vruttaalalo nimagnamainappudu kraistava bengaaleelo matladataru. prastuta maandalikaalu kakunda, marikonni adrusyamayyaayi. udaaharanaku, 'saatagayaa' (idhi thoorpu bengaallo nairuti raah praantam yokka maandalikaaniki upayoginche paeru). bengali prastuta maandalikaalu oka udaaharana vaakyamtho krinda jabita cheyabaddaayi, dheeni arthamh
uttara bengaul maandalikaalu.
eee mandalikam pradhanamgaa uttara bengaul jillaallo matladataru. uttaraadi maandalikaalaku viruddhamaina nasika acchulu laevu, H-padaanni madhyamgaa samrakshistaayi, tarachugaa l-n mariyu n-l parivartanala dwara, tarachugaa namavachakalalo, mariyu α anae padaanni antimamgaa kanugonagala ekaika maandalikaalu.
paaschaatya maandalikaalu.
eee maandalikaalu ekkuvagaa madhya paschima bengaul mariyu nairuti bangladeshloni bhagirati nadhee pareevaahaka praantamloo mariyu chuttupakkala matladataru. vyaavahaarika bhasha yokka praamaanika roopam ("choltibhasha") nadia-kushtia mandalikam nundi abhivruddhi chendindi.
paschima sarihaddu maandalikaalu.
manbhoom anie piluvabade eee praantamloo eee mandalikam matladataru.
kharia thaar mariyu maall pahariyaatho paatu taruvaati rendu bhashalu paschima bengali maandalikaalato daggari sambandham kaligi unnaayi, conny saadhaaranamgaa pratyeka bhashaluga vargeekarinchabaddaayi. adevidhamgaa, rajbangasi mariyu hazang uttara bengali maandalikaalato chaalaa pooli unnappatikee, ververu bhashaluga pariganinchabadataayi. sarihaddu jillaalu purne mariyu singhbhum mariyu thoorpu bangladeshloni girijanulalo hajang mariyu chakma vanti matlade maandalikaalato sahaa inca aneka chinna maandalikaalu kooda unnaayi.
itara maandalikaalu mariyu daggari sambandham unna bhashalu.
eee vargam maandalikaala kosam, ekkuvagaa oka praantaaniki badulugaa konni vargaalaku, alaage daggari sambandham unna bhashalaku parimitam cheyabadindi. dobhashi anedi bengaul sultanet kaalamlo udbhavinchina atyanta pertian mandalikam. saadhu bhasha bengali yokka chaaritraka samskruta namodu mariyu kraistava bengali oka european mandalikam; rendoo valasarajyala kaalamlo udbhavinchaayi. bhaareega samskrutam cheyabadina bengaaleeki udaaharanalalo jana gana mana unnaayi.
dhwanisastra vaividhyaalu.
padma nadiki paschimaana "poshim" mariyu thoorpu vaipu "purbo" anae bhaashalalo nivasinche bengalila bhashala madhya maandalika vyatyaasaalu gurtinchadaginavi.
bengali mandalikalalo thoorpu mariyu aagneya bengali maandalikaalu unnaih thoorpu maandalikaalu dhaakaa jillaalo praadhamika vyaavahaarika bhashaga panicheestaayi. tii mariyu dii varusaga vois cheyani mariyu vois chesina retroflex aagipoyina paaschaatya maandalikaalaku viruddhamgaa, chaalaa thoorpu mariyu aagneya maandalikaalu vaatini apical alviolarga mariyu mukhyamgaa takkuva adhikaarika prasangamlo uchcharistaayi. eee mandalikalalo viruddhamaina nasika acchulu ledhaa r//, ̃/̃ loe vyatyaasam kooda ledhu, vaatini ekkuvagaa ilaa uchcharistaaru, ayinappatikee kontamandi matladevaru hallu ledhaa prosodic viraamaaniki mundu sambhavinchinappudu r// nuu grahinchavacchu. idhi silheti maandalikaaniki kooda vartistundi, idhi mukhyamgaa assamloni kamrupi maandalikamtho chaalaa saaruupyatanu kaligi undhi mariyu konnisaarlu pratyeka bhashaga pariganinchabadutundi. thoorpu maandalikaalu aagneya maandalikaalaloki vistarinchi unnaayi, veetilo chittagangloni konni bhagalu unnaayi. chittagonian mandalikam tibeto-burman prabhavalanu kaligi undhi.
fricketives.
thoorpu bangladeshlo (barisal, chittagang mariyu dhaakaa) chaalaa varaku prabalamgaa unna mandalikalalo, kolkata bengaaleelo vinipinche aneka staplu mariyu africatelanu fricativesga uchcharistaaru.
poshim bengali (paschima bengali) paalato-alviolar ledhaa alviolo-palatal africatelu χ [~], χ [~], j [~], mariyu χ [~] puurva bengali (thoorpu bengali) χ′, χ′, γ′, mariyu χ′ kuu anugunamgaa untaayi. bharatadesamloni sarihaddu vembadi unna assamies anae sambandhita bhaashalo kooda idhe vidhamaina uchchaarana kanipistundi.
aspirated velar stop, unvoiced aspirated labial stop mariyu poshim bengali yokka voiced aspirated labial stop puurva bengali yokka aneka mandalikalalo [~], [~] mariyu [~] kuu anugunamgaa untaayi.
aneka puurva bengali maandalikaalu assamy bhaashatho dhvanisambandhamaina lakshanaalanu panchukuntaayi, veetilo shaa nundi haha ledhaa khaanu debookcalisation cheyadam kooda undhi.
tibeto-burman prabhavam.
puurva bengali (bangladesh) dhwanisastrampai tibeto-burman bhashala prabhavam nasika acchulu lekapovadam dwara kanipistundi, retroflex staplu tii, tii, dii mariyu dii kosam oka alviolar uchchaarana, thaay mariyu laavo vanti bhaashalalo samaanamaina dhvanulanu pooli untundi mariyu aarr mariyu dii/dii madhya vyatyaasam lekapovadam. eee praantamlooni chaalaa bhashala maadirigaa kakunda, konni puurva bengali mandalikalalo swaasa viramalu gha, Â, Â, Â, Â, Â mariyu Â unnaayi. bengaaleeloni konni rakalu, mukhyamgaa chittagonian mariyu chakma bengali, viruddhamaina swaraanni kaligi untaayi; matladevari swaram yokka swaramlo thedaalu padaalanu vaeru cheyagalavu. uttara bangladeshloni hazang vanti mandalikalalo, "yuu" mariyu "yuu" madhya vyatyaasam undhi, modatidi daani praamaanika pratiruupaaniki sarigga anugunamgaa untundi, conny rendodi japanese dhwaniki anugunamgaa untundi. aneka uttara bangladesh mandalikalalo "ii" mariyu "dii" madhya vyatyaasam kooda undhi. "Â" "dhwanini suuchistumdi, ayithe" "Â" "oka dhwanini suuchistumdi".