
/ nzs 3112 gaa

esi power plugs (maga) mariyu saaketlu (aada) kosam/engeds 3112 anedi australiaku mariyu nyoojilaandku samanvaya pramaanamgaa undhi. australia, argentine, newzealand, fiji, tonga, solaman dheevulu, papuva nyuu ginia mariyu aneka itara pasiphik dveepa deshaalalo eee pramaanaanni upayogistaaru. international electrotechnical commission (iec) "varald plugs" web sait eee plug rakanni ii anie pilustundi.
plug loe rendu chadunaina pinlu untaayi, ivi viloma vii-aakaraanni yerparustaayi, vaati krinda niluvu erth pinn untundi. double insulated upakaranaalu erth pinn nuu tolagistaayi. venuka nundi plugnu chusinappudu, mariyu erth pinn krindiki unnappudu, eguva edama pinn kriyasilamga untundi mariyu eguva kudi pinn tatasthamgaa untundi. 2005 april 3 tarvaata vikrayinchina prati 10 ampere mariyu 15 ampere flat-pinn plug yokka kriyaaseela mariyu tatastha pinla shank/nzs 3112:2000 prakaram insulate cheyabadaali.
2000 nundi, australialoni chaalaa praantaalalo naamamaatrapu voltage 230 vigaa undhi, paschima australia mariyu queensland minaha, rendoo 240 vii vadda unnaayi, ayithe queensland 230 vii kii maarutondi. nyoojilaandlo kooda voltage 230 vii. fiji, tonga mariyu papuva nyuu ginealo idhi 240 vii, mariyu solaman dheevulalo idhi 220 vii. chaina mariyu argentine pramaanaalu kooda type I plug mariyu saaketnu upayogistaayi, ayithe argentinalo live (kriyaaseela) mariyu neutral pinlu tiragabadataayi, mariyu chainaalooni plugs mariyu saaketlu eguva erth amarchabadi kudivaipuna nivasistaayi. rendu deshaalalo voltage 220 vii. voltage loe thedaalu anukuulata samasyalaku daariteeyavachchu, mukhyamgaa prayaanikulaku mariyu videshaalalo ledhaa aanlainlo upakaranaalanu konugolu chesevaariki. chaalaa 230vii parikaraalu 220-240 nundi voltagelatho samasyalu lekunda panicheestaayi, ayithe 110 volt upakaranaanni 230 volt avutletku anusandhaaninchadam valla upakaranam debbatintundi. samasyanu adhigaminchadaaniki transformernu upayoginche voltage adapterlu avasaram kaavacchu. eee deshaalannintilo pradhana pounahpunyam 50 heartz.
vivarana.
/ nzs 3112 compliant pluglalo rendu flat pinlu untaayi, ivi viloma vii-aakaram mariyu niluvu erth pinn nuu yerparustaayi. chadunaina bladelu kriyaaseela (line) mariyu tatastha pinlanu niluvugaa 30° mariyu niluvu bhoomi pinn podavutho amarchabadi kolustaayi. pins oka saadhaarana madhya binduvu chuttoo 120° koonaalaloo amarchabadi untaayi, kriyaaseela mariyu tatastha madhya binduvu nundi kendrikrutamai untaayi mariyu bhoomi pinn dhooramgaa kendrikrutamai untundi.
oka praamaanika sackett-avtlet garishtamgaa 10 amps vadda 230 voltla rms naamamaatrapu voltagenu andistundi mariyu ellappuduu bhoomi connectionnu kaligi untundi. "shuttered" sackett-avutletlu andubaatulo unnaayi, conny ivi niyantrana prakaram avasaram ledhu.
eee avutlettho upayoginchina plug yokka velikiteesina samskaranalu unnaayi, ivi erthing pinn lekunda rendu flat inverted vii-allined pinlanu matrame kaligi unnaayi. atuvanti pluglanu itara bhadrata pramaanaalu upayogamlo unna parikaraalaku matrame upayoginchaali (udhaa.zii. double insulation) mariyu eee plugs garishtamgaa 7.5 amps vadda matrame rate cheyabadataayi. avi vidigaa andubaatulo undavu conny eee prayojanam kosam pratyaekamgaa roopondinchina power kaardulatoe matrame samagramgaa labhistaayi.
oka saadhaarana dual sackett-avtlet yokka wiring vaipu yokka drushyam kooda kudi vaipuna choopabadindi, mundu cover lekunda, yantraangam yokka ullekhana veekshanhato paatu. (oka "rocker" switch daani paniteerunu choopinchadaaniki vidadeeyabadindi.)
avasaramaite, sarafara kandaktarlaku anusandhaaninche maargamgaa insulation sthaanabhramsham upayoginchi atuvanti dwandwa sackett-avutletlanu (adanapu kharchutho) pondavacchu, krinda kudivaipu unna drushtaamtamlo chudavachu. eee anuvartanaallo vaati upayogam kosam perkonna prayojanaalalo 50 saatam varaku vegavantamaina samsthaapana untundi, endukante tolaginchadam, tippadam mariyu screw down prakriyalalo taggudala kaaranamgaa.
avasaralanu marchandi.
nibandhanala prakaram sackett-avutletlanu "vyaktigatamgaa oka pratyeka switch dwara niyantrinchaali... moodu "minahaayimpulaku" lobadi anni kriyaaseela vahakalu panichestaayih
ayithe, "sthiramaina upakaranaalu" (fyaanlu vantivi) mariyu chaalaa "luminayarlu" remot switch dwara niyantrinchabadataayi, idhi sambandhita sackett-avtlet dwara sarafaraanu maarustundi. dheeniki minahaayimpulu prakaasavantamaina "nishkramana" sankethaalu vanti parikaraalu kaavacchu, veetiki anni samayaallo vidyut sarafaraaku anusandhanam avasaram.
sackett-avtlet kosam switchnu nirvahinche prati switch ledhaa sadhanam (eah) sackett-avutletku saadhyamainanta daggaragaa undaali, mariyu (bii) sackett-avtlet (luu) ledhaa adhi niyantrinche anusandhaaninchabadina vidyut parikaraalanu suuchimchadaaniki gurtinchabadaali, switch unna pradaesam kaaranamgaa sackett-avtlet niyantrinchabadina chota gurtinchadam avasaram ledhu.
caravans mariyu mobile gruhaalalo double pole switchlu avasaramh
vaividhyaalu.
australia mariyu nyoojilaandlooni praamaanika single faze 230 vii desheeya sackett avutletlu 10 eah rating pondaayi.
ayithe, bhaarii sunkam anuvartanaala kosam 32 eah varaku prastuta ratinglanu kaligi unna aneka rakalu unnaih
dheeni nundi edainaa plugnu adhe ledhaa anthakante ekkuva rating unna sackett avutletloki choppinchavacchani, conny takkuva rating unna sackett avutletloki choppinchalemani chudavachu.
anduvalla, oka 10 eah plug aidu rakaala sackett avutletlalo saripotundi, oka 15 eah plug 10 eah (mariyu modalainavi) minaha annintiloo saripotundi, ayithe oka 32 eah plug 32 eah sackett avutletlo matrame saripotundi.
saadhaaranamgaa, desheeya ledhaa vaanijya sthaapanalalo 10 eah mariyu 15 eah sackett avutletlu matrame kanipinche avakaasam undhi. desheeya vantasaalalo vidyut ovenlanu anusandhaaninchadaaniki konnisaarlu adhika rating unna sackett avutletlanu upayogistaaru. eee saaketlu paarisraamika vaataavaranaalaloo chaalaa arudugaa kanipistaayi, ikkada/nzs 3123 vaataavarana-nirodhaka saaketlanu saadhaaranamgaa ishtapadataaru.
australian praamaanika 10 ampere plug yokka oka roopaantaram venuka bhaagamlo saaketnu kaligi untundi, adhe avutletku rendava upakaranaanni anusandhaaninchadaaniki anumatistundi. eee rakamaina plugnu adhikarikamga "sackett adaptor plug" anie pilustaaru, conny dheenini vyavaharikamgaa, australialo, "piggy-byaak plug" gaa ledhaa nyoojilaandlo, "tapp-aann" plugga suuchistaaru mariyu kudi vaipuna krinda choopabadindi. australialo plug ippudu mundugaa sameekarinchina podigimpu traaduloo bhaagamgaa ledhaa pratyeka arder dwara matrame andubaatulo undhi. nyoojilaandlo rii-wire cheyadagina pii. dii. ell 940 "tapp-aann" plugs marinta vistrutamgaa andubaatulo unnaayi.
itara vaividhyaalalo round erth pinn upayoginchi 10 eah rating kaligina plug/saaketlu unnaayi, idhi taragati gadulalo nilva heaterlu vanti "pratyeka upayogam" circuitlalo upayoginchabadutundi; mariyu 110 vii 10 eah version, idhi flat erth pinn thoo round kriyaaseela & tatastha pinlanu kaligi untundi. rendodi 110 vii (konni [videshee] 110 vii pluglanu sackett-avutletloki choppinchagaliginanduna) matrame rate cheyabadindi mariyu paar 64 laitlalo upayoginchavacchu, ikkada rendu 110 volt 1000 vaat deepaalu siriisloo upayoginchabadataayi.
sackett-avtlet mundu bhaganni chustunnappudu savyadisalo bhoomi 'sackett' nundi kriyaaseela terminal modati 'sackett'. argentine pramaanaalu ledhaa lopabhuishta wiring kriyaaseela mariyu tatastha pinlanu marchukunte jaagratta teesukoovaali. round pinn bhouthikamgaa anukuulamgaa unna 10 eah versiontho kooda jaagratta teesukoovaali, conny 277 vii 15 kosam upayoginche vidyut ananukuulamaina nema 7-15 connector americaloni vaanijya ledhaa paarisraamika amarikalalo connections edurkontaayi.
ennadoo "krodikarinchabadaledu", 1960la nundi australia/nyoojilaandlo upayogam kosam tayaaru cheyabadina sackett-avutletlalo erth pinn krindiki edurugaa undatam "saadhaaranam" gaa maarindi, tadwara choppinchina plugnu krindiki laagithe podavaina erth pinn chivarisariga sambandhaanni kolpotundi. side-entry plugs (taadu nishkramana 5 gantala/135 degreela sthithilo) mariyu adanapu takkuva voltage plug pyaaklu vanti aneka utpattulu australia/nyoojilaandlo upayogam kosam tayaaru cheyabadataayi, avi choppinchabade sackett loe erth pinn krindiki undani bhaavinchi.
charitra.
australia yokka praamaanika plug/sackett vyavastha modata praamaanika sii112 gaa krodikarinchabadindi (1937loe tatkalikamga theeluthuu, 1938loe adhikaarika pramaanamgaa sweekarinchabadindi). 1937 naati australian pramaanam 1930 nundi, tayaareedaarulaina fred cook off ring-grip, gerard parisramalaku chendina geophrey gerard mariyu victoria rashtra vidyut commission (secv) kuu chendina brian harper miller madhya jarigina "gentlemen aggrement" phalitamgaa undhi. eee roopakalpana modata 120 vii vadda upayoginchadaaniki uddesinchina american plug mariyu sackett-avtlet aadhaaramgaa roopondinchabadindi, idhi 1916loe harway hubbell dwara patent cheyabadindi. 1930la praarambhamlo eee design 250 v 10 ampere saamardhyaaniki penchabadindi mariyu hubbell thana saaketlatho australian vidyut parisramaku sarafara chesindi. prastuta australian plugs eee american avutletlaku sarigga saripothayi. (eee sackett-avtlet eppuduu nema praamaanika roopakalpanagaa maaraledu, 50 eah nema 10-50 aarr, pedda roopamlo idhe vidhamaina pinn aakruteekarananu kaligi undhi.) argentine, uruguye mariyu chaina tama plugs mariyu saaketlanu oke designpy aadharapaddaayi. newzealand kooda australian designu sweekarinchindi, endukante aaa deshaaniki australian parikaraalu mariyu aneka vidyut upakaranaalu egumati cheyabaddaayi.
aaa nirdishta designu sweekarinchadaaniki oka kaaranam emitante, itara deshaalalo upayoginche gundrani pins ledhaa mandapati deerghachaturasraakaara pins kuu bhinnamgaa, chadunaina pins nuu sulabhamgaa sheet ittadi nundi stamp cheyagaligela cheyadam, tayaaru cheyadam choukagaa undatam. hankanglo upayoginchinanduna, british plug gananeeyamaina chorabaatlu chesinappatiki, saapekshamgaa iteevali kaalamlo chaina adhikarulu eee designu adhikarikamga sweekarinchinappudu kooda idhi parigananaloki teesukunnaru. chainees sackett saadhaaranamgaa erth pinn paibhagamlo amarchabadi untundi. plug mariyu sackett madhya vaahaka vastuvu padithe idhi kontha rakshananu andistundani bhaavistaaru. chainees sipisi-sisi (chainees 10 eah/250 vii) plugs mariyu sackett-avutletlu daadaapu okela untaayi, podavaina pinlatho matrame bhinnamgaa untaayi mariyu "talakrindulugaa" install cheyabadataayi. 3112 pluggulu bhouthikamgaa anusandhaaninchabadinappatiki, avi chainees 220 vii pramaanaalaku vidyut anukuulamgaa undakapovachhu. modata erth pinn disaku sambandhinchi etuvanti sampradaayam ledhu. chainaalooni sackett-avtletla maadirigaa idhi ippudu paiki edurugaa untundi, conny idhi diguvaku ledhaa kshitija samaantaramgaa kooda undavacchu.
australialo, 1990loe c112 pramaanaanni 3112gaa bharti chesaaru. 2000loe oka pradhana naveekarana/nzs 3112:2000 gaa vidudala cheyabadindi, idhi 2005 april 3 tarvaata eee sackett-avutletlatho upayogam kosam vikrayinchina pluglapy kriyaaseela mariyu tatastha insulated pinlanu tappanisari chesindi, idhi erth pinnu atyadhikamgaa kaligi undatam valla kalige yea 'prayojanaanni' kontavaraku tiraskaristundi. / nzs 3112:2004 pramaanamgaa pinlanu vangadam mariyu pinn chitkaala vyaasaarthamlo suukshma maarpulanu pareekshinchadaaniki marinta kathinamaina pariksha vidhaanaalanu pravesapettindi. prastuta version/nzs 3112:2011, "aamodam mariyu pareeksha vivarana-plugs mariyu sackett-avutletlu".
voltage.
1980loe, antarjaateeya electrotechnical commission (iec) prapanchavyaaptamgaa 220 vii, 230 vii mariyu 240 vii naamamaatrapu voltage sthaayilanu sthiramaina 230 vii kii hetubaddheekarinchindi. tayaareedaarulu 230 vii rated voltage thoo aneka rakaala vastuvulanu utpatti cheyadaaniki anumatinchadam dwara upakaranaala tayari aardhika vyavasthanu meruguparachadaaniki eee hetubaddheekarana spashtamgaa cheyabadindi. anni deshaalu inca kotta pramaanaaniki maaraledu.
australialoni chaalaa praantaalalo naamamaatrapu voltage 1926loe 240 vii vadda sett cheyabadindi. 2000loe, pramaanaalu australia oka vyavastha pramaanaanni 60038gaa jaarii chesindi, 230 vii naamamaatrapu voltejga, sarafara samayamlo + 10 saatam nundi-6 saatam vyatyaasamtho, antey.ii., 253 v nundi 216.2 v varaku. adanapu avasaralanu vivarinche kotta vidyut naanhyata pramaanam, as61000.3.100,2011loe vidudala cheyabadindi. kotta pramaanam naamamaatrapu 230 vii nii nirdesistundi, mariyu paerkonnatlugaa, viniyogadaarula sarafara binduvuku "anumatinchadagina" voltage + 10 saatam nundi-6 saatam varaku untundi. ayithe, "ishtapade" nirvahana paridhi + 6 saatam nundi-2 saatam varaku untundi. (244 vii nundi 225 vii).
australialo, viniyogadaarulaku pampinhee cheyabadina vaastava voltagelu rashtra/bhuubhaaga sthaayilo sett cheyabadataayi. 2022 natiki, anni rashtraalu/bhuubhaagaalu 230 pramaanaalaku marai. queensland 2017loe 230 vii kuu parivartananu praarambhinchindi. queensland taralinchaalane nirnayaaniki kaaranam grid-tide rooftop solar installationla vadakam grid voltagenu penchadam. voltagenu 230 voltlaku tagginchadam dwara, paikappu sourashakti nundi bhavishyat nivaasa vidyut utpattiki anugunamgaa 960 megawatla adanapu head room srushtinchabadindi.
nyoojilaandlo kooda voltage 230 vii. fiji, tonga mariyu papuva nyuu ginealo idhi 240 vii. chaina, solaman dheevulu mariyu argentinalo voltage 220 vii.
brazil.
brazillo, eee rakamaina plug saadhaaranamgaa air conditionerlu, dishwasherlu mariyu gruha ovenlu vanti adhika-shakti upakaranaalalo kanipistundi. eee upayogam kosam vaatini anadhikarikamga sweekarinchadaaniki kaaranaalu drudhatvam mariyu adhika-prastuta baring saamarthyaalu, inverting faze (kriyaaseela) mariyu neutral pins yokka asaadhyata ledhaa sarihaddu desamaina argentine eee plugnu upayogistundi mariyu gatamlo brazil kante marinta abhivruddhi chendindi kabatti argentine nundi brazilku adhika saktitoe panichese upakaranaala pravaham undavacchu.
eee rojullo, brazil jaateeya pramaanamaina nbr 14136 nuu sweekarinchindi, idhi iec <id1> pramaanampai aadharapadi untundi. nbr 14136 rendu rakaala sackett-avutletlu mariyu pluglanu nirvachistundihi okati 10yea kosam, pinn vyaasamtho, marokati 20yea kosam, pinn vyaasamtho. kotta plug thoo kotta upakaranam vikrayinchabadindi, kabatti dhorani "australian" plug yokka upayogam masakabaradam.

