
nyoojilaandlo nivaasaalu

nyoojilaandlo gruhanirmaanam saampradayakamgaa quarter-ekaraala block, verucheyabadina suburban home meeda aadharapadi undedi, ayithe aneka chaaritraka minahaayimpulu mariyu pratyaamnaaya aadhunika pokadalu unnaayi. newzealand ekkuvagaa antarjaateeya namuunaalanu anusarinchindi. 19va sataabdam madhyalo vyavastheekruta european valasarajyala kaalam nundi nyoojilaandlo nirminchina gruhaala rakaalalo saadhaarana kalakramanusara abhivruddhi jarigindi, mariyu prati taraaniki chendina udaaharanalu ippatikee saadhaaranamgaa aakraminchabadi unnaayi.
nivaasaala rakalu.
 
saampradayakamgaa, nivaasa vibhagalu paavu ekaraalu (sumaru 1000 chadarapu mea) undevi, conny 1900la madhyakaalam nundi saadhaarana vibhaga parimaanaalu chaalaa chinnaviga maarutunnaayi. pattana paedala murikiwada vanti gruha paristhitulapai varusa vivaadaala taruvaata, 1936 nundi appati kaarmika prabhutvam rashtra gruhalanu abhivruddhi chesindi-prabhutvam nirminchina mariyu paedha kutumbaalaku addeku icchina suburban gruhalu. eee gruha nilva saadhaaranamgaa chaalaa baga nirminchabadindi mariyu chaalaa nagarallo oka lakshanamgaa migilipoyindi, ayithe ippudu tarachugaa praivaetu yajamanyamlo undhi. newzealand nivaasitulaloo 86 saatam mandhi nivasinche pattana praantaalu,
ivi marinta dattamgaa maarutunnaayi, conny antarjaateeya pramaanaala prakaram chaalaa takkuvagaa sthirapadutunnaayi.
newzealand yokka pradhana kendraalalo aneka paatha karyalaya-blaakulu mariyu charchi-bhavanalu apartmentluga marchabaddayi.
selavu mariyu mobile gruhalu.
desamloni chaalaa praantaallo "baacheelu" ("byaachlu" anie uchcharistaaru) anie piluvabade chinna, tarachugaa chaalaa niraadambaramaina holiday homes ledhaa beach houselu, conny dakshina dveepaaniki dakshinaana unna "criblu", paryatakulu tatkalikamga holiday vasatigaa upayogistaaru. ivi saadhaaranamgaa teeram ledhaa sarassu sameepamlo uddeshapoorvakamgaa nirminchina illu ledhaa gudiselu, conny sthaanika nadulalo vaeta ledhaa chepalu pattadaniki kooda oka sthaavaramgaa upayogapadataayi. vaaru graameena, kaneesa mariyu saripolani antargata design mariyu furnitureku prasiddhi chendaaru. ayithe, pedda khareedaina selavu gruhalanu kooda (takkuva saadhaaranamgaa unnappatikee) baacheelu anie pilustaaru.
gudaralu, camper-vyaanlu mariyu caravans kooda saadhaaranam, ayithe, nyoojilaandlo australia mariyu dakshinaafrikaa vanti konni saaruupya deshaala pedda trailer paarkulu laevu.
chinna chinna gruhalanu nirminche udyamam udbhavinchindi.
nyoojilaandlo pedda sankhyalo aranya gudiselu kooda unnaayi, conny okesari moodu rojulaku paiga vaatilo undatam nirutsaahaparustundi.
niraasrayulayyaaru.
chaalaa mandhi kottavaaru gruhaluga roopondinchani nirmaanaalalo saasvatamgaa nivasistunnaaru; prabhutvam eee prajalanu niraasrayulugaa vargeekarinchindi. niraasrayulanu ganankaparamga kolavadamlo ibbandulu unnaayi, mariyu newzealand saadhaaranamgaa itara ganaamkaala maadirigaane khachitatvamto drugvishayaanni namodu cheyadu. 2013 janabha lekkala prakaram nyoojilaandlo 1 saatam mandhi prajalu "teevramaina gruha laemi" loe nivasistunnaaru-idhi munupati samvatsaraalato poliste perugudala.    
2018 maeloe prabhutvam raboye naalugu samvatsaraalalo niraasrayulanu parishkarinchadaaniki $100 millionlanu ketaayinchindi.
inti design.
1974loe recordulu prarambhamainappudu, nyoojilaandlooni kotta gruhalu sagatu antastu vistiirnaanni kaligi unnaayi. sagatu kotta inti parimaanaalu 2010loe garishta sthaayiki perigayi, 2019loe padipoye mundu.
1966loe newzealand encyclopedia newzealand gruhaala yokka edu praathamika namuunaalanu gurtinchindi.
13va sataabdam nundi 19va sataabdam prarambham varakuh samasheetoshna vaataavaranaaniki anugunamgaa ushnamandala samskrutini sweekarinchadam.
modata mavori ushnamandala polynesialo abhivruddhi cheyabadina nirmaana paddhatulanu upayoginchaaru, marinta sanchaara jeevanasailiki saripoyela marcharu. 15va sataabdam natiki classic mavori communitylu deerghachaturasraakaara nidra gruhaalalo (vaarepuni) nidrapooyaayi. vaarepooni kalapa, rush, chettu fernlu mariyu beradutho tayaaru cheyabaddaayi, vatiki gaddi paikappu mariyu naela antastulu undevi. eee bhavanamlo mundu vaakili kooda undhi, idhi newzealand vaataavaranaaniki anugunamgaa undhi mariyu ushnamandala polynesialo kanipinchadu. european gruha nirmaana paddhatula prabhavam maaritho kitikeelu mariyu ettaina paikappulanu sweekarinchadam dwara designla mishramaaniki daariteesindi.
19va sataabdamha merugaina britannu nirminchadam.
eee kaalaaniki chendina illu kuteeraalu mariyu villaluga vibhajinchabaddaayi. nyoojilaandlo nirminchina modati illu kuteeraalu. villalu peddavigaa mariyu marinta khareedainavigaa nirminchabaddaayi. saadhaarana villaalo inti venuka bhaagamlo vantagadi untundi mariyu bhojanaala gadhi nundi vaerugaa untundi, endukante aahara tayari anedi kanipinchakundaa jaragalani uddesinchabadindi.
20va sataabdam praarambham american prabhavalu mariyu pratispandanalu.
20va sataabdam pedda edwardian illu mariyu neo-georgian nirmaanamtho 1910la chivari nundi california bangla marinta prachuryam pondindi. eee design saadhaarana newzealand villa kante takkuva pitch paikappu mariyu paikappu ettunu kaligi undhi, anduvalla vaedi cheyadam sulabham. idhi hollywood chitra parisrama yokka prajaadaranhatho samanamga undhi, indulo american dustulu, furniture, kaarlu mariyu illu unnaayi.
american prabhavam mariyu britanku sambandhinchina vyaamoham pratispandanagaa paatha aangla sailulanu spashtamgaa anukarinche gruhaala shaili nirminchabadindi. 1920la chivari nundi spanish mission shaili, goppa triple vampulu mariyu vakreekruta barok niluvu varusalatho. 1930 naati aadhunikavaadam (art deco) mruduvaina uparitalaalu mariyu chadunaina paikapputho panicheyela roopondinchabadindi.
1931 hocks bay bhookampam bhavanaalalo bhookampa sthitisthaapakata lekapovadam ledhaa takkuva sthaayini choopinchindi. tadanantaram, 1935loe bhavanalaku bhookampa pramaanaalu pravesapettabaddaayi.
20va sataabdam chivarilo neo-colonial mariyu mediterranian sailulu.
1940la nundi 1960la chivari varaku nyoojilaandlo gruhalu nirminchina vidhaanampai rashtra gruhanirmaanam pedda prabhavanni choopindi.
1970laloe gruha nirmaanamloo aneka maarpulu jarigaayi. 1969 mariyu 1976 madhya newzealand yokka kolamaanamlo nirmaanaalu saamraajya nundi metrik unitlaku marai. saamraajya unitlu ippatikee vyavaharika vaadukalo unnaayi; udaaharanaku, dimensional kalapanu ippatikee 'phore-bye-too' anie pilustaaru. 1978loe, rendu keelaka bhavana pramaanaalu pravesapettabaddaayih nzs 3604, telikapati kalapatho nirminchina bhavanala roopakalpana mariyu nirmaana avasaralanu perkontundi, mariyu nzs 4218, gruhaalaku kaneesa ushna insulation avasaralanu perkontundi.
21va sataabdapu nirmaana alavaatlu.
21va sataabdam praarambhamlo kotta utsaahavantulu munupati prabhaavaala nundi teesukunna vividha sailulalo nirminchaaru.
paryaavaranamthoo anusandhanam.
sahaja soundaryam unna konni pradaesaalaloo sthaanika mandalulu inti roopakalpananu chuttupakkala vaataavaranamtho militam cheyalsina avasaram undhi.
nishkriyaatmaka vaataavarana niyantrana.
pagatipuuta suuryuni nundi pondhe vaedini penchadaaniki mariyu ratriputa daanini nilupukodaniki illanu nirminchavacchu.
sahaja nirmaana samagri punaruddharana.
perigina sampada mariyu paryaavarana samasyalatho pakshika proses chesina sahaja padaarthaalu mariyu saampradaaya nirmaana paddhathulatho chinna conny perugutunna sankhyalo illu nirminchabaddaayi.
upayogaalu.
taapana mariyu insulation.
1978loe kotta nirmaanaalu mariyu cherpulaku paikappulu, godalu mariyu neelaloo insulation tappanisari ayindi. nyoojilaandlo insulation kosam gaaju fiber, polyester, polystyrene, unni mariyu kaagitam annee upayoginchabadutunnaayi. nyoojilaandlo gruha insulationku prabhutvam bhaareega subsidy ivvavacchu.
2018 newzealand janabha lekkala prakaram, heat pampulu space heating yokka atyanta saadhaarana roopam, 47.3% gruhalu vaatini tama praadhamika taapana parikaramgaa upayoginchaayi. vidyut nirodhakata heaterlu (44.1%) mariyu kalapa burnerlu (32.3%) space heating yokka itara saadhaarana roopaalu.
konni sthaanika mandalulu gaali naanhyatanu meruguparachadaaniki upayoginchagala kalapa mariyu boggu burnerla rakanni parimitam chestunnayi.
neeru mariyu muruguneeti paarudala.
2017loe daadaapu 80 saatam mandhi kotta deshasthulu 100 mandiki paiga prajalaku sarafara chese neeti suddeekarana pampinhee vyavasthalapai aadharapaddaru. veetilo 96 saatam neeti naanhyata kosam bacteriological pramaanaalaku anugunamgaa undagaa, 81 saatam anni sambandhita pramaanaalaku anugunamgaa unnaayi. migilina 20 saatam mandhi kottavaaru saadhaaranamgaa graameena praantaallo nivasistunnaaru, ikkada varsham, pravahalu mariyu randhraalu saadhaaranamgaa neeti vanarulugaa upayoginchabadutunnaayi.
pedda aastulu vaati muruguneetini saitlo proses cheyavachu ledhaa nilva cheyavachu. budidarangu neetini traagatam kakunda itara prayojanaala kosam tirigi upayoginchavacchu. eee recycling konni newzealand councils kuu avasaram.
nirmaanam mariyu nibandhanalu.
building act 1991 sthaanamlo building act 2004 vachindi, idhi building designerlu, builderlu mariyu sambandhita vyaapaaraalaku licensingnu pravesapettindi. councils kramam tappakunda naanhyata niyantrana vidhana tanikheelaku lobadi undaali, ayithe, council building inspectorlu licenses lekunda undipoyaaru.
bhavanala code kaneesa paniteeru pramaanaalanu nirdesistundi, bhavanalu tappanisarigaa roopondinchaali mariyu nirminchaali, conny kodku anugunamgaa paddhatulu ledhaa parishkaralanu suuchimchadu. aamodayogyamaina parishkaralu mariyu dhruvikarana paddhatulu kodnu patinchela bharosa ichhe nirmaana mariyu pariksha paddhatulanu paerkontaayi. udaaharanaku, nirdishta injaneering design avasaram laeni enn. jedd. ess 3604 "kalapa-framed bhavanalu" ledhaa enn. jedd. ess 4229 "concreat raathi bhavanalaku" bhavanalanu nirminchadam code yokka nirmaana nibandhanalaku anugunamgaa aamodayogyamaina parishkaram.
maarpula nibandhanalu.
gruhaalalo chaalaa maarpulu dhruvikarinchabadali, chaaritraka praamukhyata kaligina gruhaalapai kooda parimitulu unnaayi.
akrama nirmaana paddhatulu.
bhavana nirmaana chattaniki anugunamgaa laeni anni nirmaana paddhatulu chattaviruddham ayinappatikee, konni pratyaekamgaa nishedhinchabaddaayi.
punaadulu.
suburban house foundationla concreat slab, concreat block basement foundationlu mariyu croll sthalamtho kuudina ettaina antastu kosam moodu vistruta vargaalu andubaatulo unnaayi. naela rakam mariyu vaalu batti adugu lothu maarutuu untundi, teliade polystyrene slab ledhaa chaalaa arudugaa piling untundi.
vaataavarana mariyu paryaavarana pramaanaalu.
gaali, bhookampam, manchu, tuppu mariyu vaataavaranaaniki bhavanam yokka nirodhakataku sambandhinchi enn. jedd. ess 3604 "kalapa-framed bhavanalu" mariyu enn. jedd. ess 4218 "thermal insulation-housing mariyu chinna bhavanalu" loe pramaanaalu nirdesinchabaddaayi. eee krindi pattika nagaralu mariyu enchukunna pedda pattanaalaku sambandhinchina bhookampam, manchu mariyu vaataavarana mandalaalanu chooputundih
bhookampa pramaadam mariyu nirmaanam.
nyoojilaandlo ekkadainaa bhookampaalu sambhavinchavachhu, conny nirmaanaalaku pramaadam chaalaa praantiiyamgaa undhi, thoorpu uttara dveepam mariyu paschima dakshina dveepam atyadhika pramaadaanni kaligi unnaayi. 2011 christchurch bhookampam taruvaata oka pradhana sameeksha sarihaddulu mariyu nirmaana niyamaalanu maarchindi.
engeds 3604 mariyu engeds 4229 kinda, newzealand naalugu bhookampa mandalaluga vibhajinchabadindi, john 1loe athi takkuva bhookampa pramaadam undagaa, john 4loe atyadhika pramaadam undhi. john 2,3 mariyu 4 looni bhavanalu john 1 bhavanala kante varusaga 1.6 retlu, rendu, mariyu moodu retlu ekkuva balaanni thattukogalavu.
gruhanirmaanam sthomatha.
yajamanyam.
yajamaanulu aakraminchina intlo nivasinchina kotta deshasthulalo, indulo vaari aastipai bakai tanakha unnavaaru mariyu 33 saatam adde aastulalo nivasinchevaaru unnaaru. 1951 tarvaata idhi athi takkuva gruha yajamanyam raetu. dheeniki kaaranam newzealand gruhaala dharalu peragadam, idhi 1990 nundi itara deshaala kante vaegamgaa perigindi.
nyoojilaandlo gruhanirmaanam madhyastha kolata gruhanirmaana sthomatha kolata kinda 6.5 skorutho 'teevramgaa bharinchalenidi' gaa vargeekarinchabadindi. sthomatanu batti sthomatha maarutuu untundi, accland mariyu wellington vanti pradhana pattana kendraalu chinna nagaralu mariyu graameena praantaala kante ekkuva sthomatha laenivi.
addeku teesukuntaaru.
2022 augustu madhyalo, maanava hakkula commission iteevala jeevana vyaya sankshobhaaniki pratispandanagaa addedaarulaku upasamanam kaliginchadaaniki adde pempulapai takshanam stambhimpajeyaalani mariyu vasati anubandhaanni penchaalani vaadinchindi. commission intakumundu juulai 2022loe "vidyaarthula sreyassupai prajala vichaarana" nuu vidudala chesindi, idhi moodinta rendu vantula trutheeya vidyaarthulu aaharam, adde mariyu aarogya samrakshanhatho sahaa praathamika jeevana kharchulanu bharinchalekapoyarani kanugondi.