
isoniagid

isonicotinic assid hydrazide (einhetch) anie kooda piluvabade isoniagid anedi kshayavyadhi chikitsaku upayoginche antibiatic. kriyaaseela kshayavyadhi kosam, dheenini tarachugaa refompicin, pyragenamide mariyu streptomycin ledhaa ithambutoltho kalisi upayogistaaru. gupta kshayavyadhi kosam, idhi tarachugaa ontarigaa upayoginchabadutundi. idhi "m" vanti asaadhaarana rakaala mycobacteria kosam kooda upayoginchavacchu. avium, "m. kansasi ", mariyu" m. genopi ". idhi saadhaaranamgaa noti dwara teesukobadutundi, conny kandaraalaloki injection dwara upayoginchavacchu.
dushprabhaavaalu mariyu charya yokka vidhanam.
saadhaarana dushprabhavalalo kaaleya enjaimla rakta sthaayilu peragadam mariyu chetulu mariyu kaallaloo timmiri vantivi untaayi. teevramaina dushprabhavalalo kaaleya vaapu mariyu teevramaina kaaleya vaiphalyam undavacchu. garbhadhaarana samayamlo upayoginchadam sisuvuku surakshitamena anedi aspashtamgaa undhi. tallipaalu ichhe samayamlo upayoginchadam surakshitam. dushprabhaavaala pramaadaanni tagginchadaaniki pyridoxin ivvavacchu. isoniagid kontavaraku bacteria yokka kana goda erpadataaniki antaraayam kaliginchadam dwara panichestundi, idhi kanaala maranaaniki daariteestundi.
charitra, samajam mariyu samskruti.
isoniagid mottamodata 1952loe tayaaru cheyabadindi. idhi prapancha aarogya samstha yokka avasaramaina aushadhaala jaabitaalo undhi. prapancha aarogya samstha isoniagidnu maanava vaidyaaniki klishtamaina mukhyamainadigaa vargeekarinchindi. isoniagid oka saadhaarana aushadhamgaa andubaatulo undhi.
vaidya upayogaalu.
kshayavyadhi.
isoniagidnu tarachugaa gupta mariyu kriyaaseela kshayavyadhi sankramanalaku chikitsa cheyadaaniki upayogistaaru. isoniagid-sensitive "mycobacterium tuberaculosis" infection unna vyaktulalo, isoniagid aadhaaramgaa aushadha niyamaalu saadhaaranamgaa suuchimchina chikitsaku kattubadi unnappudu prabhaavavantamgaa untaayi. ayithe, isoniagid-nirodhaka "mycobacterium tuberaculosis" sankramana unna vyaktulalo, isoniagid aadhaaramgaa aushadha niyamaalu adhika vaiphalyam retunu kaligi untaayi.
isoniagid eee krindi janaabhaaku roganirodhaka chikitsagaa aamodinchabadindih
isoniagidnu ontarigaa ledhaa refompin thoo kalipi gupta kshayavyadhi chikitsa kosam ledhaa kriyaaseela kshayavyadhi chikitsa kosam naalugu-aushadha niyamaavalilo bhaagamgaa upayoginchavacchu. aushadha niyamaavaliki saadhaaranamgaa moodu nundi tommidi nelala paatu rojuvaaree ledhaa varapu noti paripalana avasaram, tarachugaa pratyakshamgaa pariseelinchina chikitsa (dott) paryaveekshanhaloo untundi.
kshayavyadhi laeni mycobacteria.
refompicin mariyu ithambutoltho sahaa oka niyamaavalilo bhaagamgaa "mycobacterium avium" complexes chikitsalo isoniagidnu vistrutamgaa upayoginchaaru. isoniagid "m" loe mycolic aamlam samshlaeshanhanu nirodhistundani aadharalu suuchistunnaayi. avium "complexes" m loe vale untundi. kshayavyadhi "mariyu idhi" m "kuu bacteriathid kaanappatikee. avium complexes, idhi refompicin prabhavanni baga saktivantam chestundi. macrolydela parichayam eee vadakam baga taggadaaniki daariteesindi. ayithe, refompicin vistrutamgaa "m" loe takkuva motaadulo untundi. avium sanklishta chikitsa, eee prabhavam tirigi parisoedhinchadaaniki viluvainadi kaavacchu.
pratyeka janabha.
garbhinii ledhaa tallipaalu ichhe churukaina kshayavyadhi unna mahilalu isoniagid teesukoovaalani sifaarsu cheyabadindi. preventive therapyni prasavinchina tarvaata varaku alasyam cheyali. nursing tallulu rommu paalalo saapekshamgaa takkuva mariyu vishapuuritam kaani saandratanu visarjistaaru, mariyu vaari pillalu dushprabhaavaalaku takkuva pramaadam kaligi untaaru. garbhinii streelu mariyu sisuvulaku tallipaalu ichhe tallulu paridheeya naraala nashtam pramaadaanni tagginchadaaniki vitamin bii6 nuu daani pyridoxin roopamlo teesukoovaali.
garbhadhaarana, chanubalivvadam, hechaivi sankramana, madyapaanam, madhumeham, moothrapindaala vaiphalyam ledhaa poeshakaahaara lopam vanti pramaada karakam unnavaarilo isoniagid-prerita bii6 lopam mariyu naraalavyaadhini nivaarinchadaaniki vitamin bii6 upayoginchabadutundi.
kaaleya panicheyakapovadam unna vyaktulu inh valla kalige hepatitisku ekkuva pramaadam kaligi untaaru, mariyu takkuva motaadu avasaram kaavacchu.
rojuvaaree madyam taagevaaru, garbhinii streelu, IV maadakadravyaala viniyogadaarulu, 35 ellu paibadina vyaktulu mariyu deerghakaalika kaaleya vyaadhi, teevramaina moothrapindaala panicheyakapovadam, paridheeya naralavyadhi ledhaa hechaivi sankramana unnavaarilo raktapravaahamlo kaaleya enjaimla sthaayilanu tarachugaa tanikhi cheyali, endukante vaariki hepatitis vachhe avakaasam ekkuvagaa untundi.
dushprabhaavaalu.
isoniagid teesukune vaarilo 20 saatam varaku shareera baruvulo 6 mg/kiloku ledhaa anthakante ekkuva rojuvaaree motaadulanu teesukunnappudu paridheeya naraalavyaadhini anubhavistaaru. jeernasayaantara praticharyalalo vikaram mariyu vaantulu untaayi. emuka majja dwara varusaga erra rakta kanaalu, plateletlu mariyu tella rakta kanaala utpatti lekapovadam valla applastic raktaheenata, thrombocytopenia mariyu agranulocytosis kooda sambhavinchavachhu. hypersensitivity praticharyalu kooda saadhaaranam mariyu maculopular daddurlu mariyu jwaramtho undavacchu. gynecomastia sambhavinchavachhu.
seeram liver enjaim saandratala lakshanarahita perugudala 10 saatam nundi 20 saatam mandhi vyaktulalo inh teesukuntaaru, mariyu chikitsa konasaginappudu kooda kaaleya enjaim saandratalu saadhaaranamgaa saadhaarana sthithiki tirigi vastaayi. isoniagid teevramaina mariyu konnisaarlu praanaantakamaina hepatitis kosam oka baxed heccharikanu kaligi undhi, idhi 21 nundi 35 samvatsaraala vayassu gala vaarilo 0.3% mariyu 50 ellu paibadina vaarilo 2% kante ekkuva vayassulo aadharapadi untundi. kaaleya vishapuuritatanu soochinche lakshanaalalo vikaram, vaantulu, kadupu noppi, nalla moothram, kudi eguva chaturthaamsha noppi mariyu aakali lekapovadam vantivi unnaayi. nallajati mariyu hysponic mahilalu isoniagid-prerita hepatotoxicityki ekkuva pramaadam kaligi untaaru. idhi jariginappudu, isoniagid-prerita kaaleya vishapuuritam chikitsa chesina modati 2 nelallone 50 saatam mandhi rogulalo sambhavistundani choopabadindi.
kontamandi daanini sweekarinche vyaktulandarilo kaaleya paniteerunu jagrattagaa paryaveekshinchaalani sifaarsu chestaaru, ayithe itarulu konni janabhalo matrame paryaveekshinchaalani sifaarsu chestaaru.
talanoppi, ekagrata lekapovadam, baruvu peragadam, ghnaapakasakti lekapovadam, nidralemi mariyu niraasa annee isoniagid vaadakamtho mudipadi unnaayi. rogulu mariyu aarogya samrakshana kaarmikulandaruu eee teevramaina dushprabhaavaala gurinchi telusukovali, mukhyamgaa aatmahatya aalochanalu ledhaa pravartana anumaaninchinatlayithe.
isoniagid daani saaruupya nirmaanam kaaranamgaa pyridoxin (vitamin bii6) lopamtho mudipadi untundi. isoniagid pyridoxin yokka perigina visarjanatho kooda mudipadi untundi. hemm samshlaeshanhaloo raetu-parimiti dasaku baadhyata vahinche enjaim ayina δ-aminolevulinic assid synthesku pyridoxal fasfate (pyridoxin yokka utpannam) avasaram. anduvalla, isoniagid-prerita pyridoxin lopam prarambha erra rakta kanaalalo taginanta heam erpadataaniki kaaranamavutundi, idhi cyderoblastic raktaheenataku daariteestundi.
ayaskanta pratidhvani spectroscopy dwara oke subjectlo gaba mariyu homocarnosin yokka inn vivo saandratanu gananeeyamgaa penchutundani isoniagid kanugonabadindi.
aushadha paraspara charyalu.
isoniagid mariyu acetaminophen teesukune vyaktulu acetaminophen vishapuuritam ayye pramaadam undhi. isoniagid kaaleya enjaimnu prerepistundani bhaavistaaru, idhi pedda mottamlo acetaminophen vishapuurita roopamloki jeevakriyaku kaaranamavutundi.
isoniagid carbamagepine yokka jeevakriyanu taggistundi, tadwara sareeram nundi daani tolagimpunu mandagistundi. carbamagepine teesukune vyaktulu vaari carbamagepine sthaayilanu paryaveekshinchaali mariyu avasaramaite, vaari motaadunu tadanugunamgaa sardubaatu cheyali.
deerghakaalika chikitsa tarvaata isoniagid catoconazole yokka seeram sthaayilanu tagginche avakaasam undhi. refompin, isoniagid mariyu catoconazole ekakaalamlo upayoginchadam dwara idhi kanipistundi.
isoniagid sareeramlo phenitoin mottaanni penchavacchu. isoniazidto icchinappudu phenitoin motaadulanu sardubaatu cheyavalasi raavacchu.
isoniagid theophiline yokka plasma sthaayilanu penchavacchu. isoniagid tolagimpunu mandaginche theophiline yokka konni kesulu unnaayi. theophiline mariyu isoniagid sthaayilu rendintinee paryaveekshinchaali.
isoniazidto teesukunnappudu valproate sthaayilu peragavacchu. valproate sthaayilanu paryaveekshinchaali mariyu avasaramaite daani motaadunu sardubaatu cheyali.
charya yokka yantraangam.
isoniagid anedi mycobacterial sell wall erpadataanni nirodhinche oka utpatti aushadham. mycobacterium tuberaculosis" loe bacteria catalase-peroxidase enjaim katg dwara isoniagidnu sakriyam cheyali. katg isonicotinic asail radikal erpadataaniki utprerakam chestundi, idhi svayamchaalakamgaa naadh thoo jatachesi nikotinayil-naad adaktnu yerparustundi. eee sanklishtata enoil-asail carrier protein reductase inahaato gattiga bandhistundi, tadwara sahaja enoil-acm uparitalam mariyu kovvu aamlam synthase charyanu nirodhistundi. eee prakriya mycobacterial kana godaku avasaramaina bhagalu ayina mycolic aamlaala samshlaeshanhanu nirodhistundi. naitrik oxidetho sahaa isoniagid yokka katg kriyaaseelata dwara radicals yokka shreni utpatti avutundi, idhi maroka antimycobacterial prodrug pretomanid charyalo kooda mukhyamainadigaa choopabadindi.
isoniagid anedi mycobacterianu vaegamgaa vibhajinchadaaniki byaakteeriyaadi, conny mycobacteria nemmadigaa perugutunte bacteriatic. idhi cytochrome pii450 vyavasthanu nirodhistundi mariyu anduvalla free radicals yokka muulamgaa panichestundi.
isoniagid anedi telikapati monoamine accidase inhibitor (maavo-ii).
jeevakriya.
isoniagid seeram, cerebrospinal dravam mariyu casus granulomas lopala chikitsa saandratalaku cherukuntundi. idhi acetylation dwara acetylhydrogenga kaaleyamlo jeevakriya cheyabadutundi. rendu rakaala enjaimlu acetylationku kaaranamavutaayi, kabatti kontamandi rogulu itarulakanna twaragaa aushadhaanni jeevakriya chestaaru. anduvalla, sagam-jeevitam "sloe acetylatorlu" mariyu "faast acetylatorlu" thoo baimodalga untundi. vyaktula sankhya verses samayam yokka graph okati mariyu moodu gantala garishta sthaayini chooputundi. sikharaala etthu pareekshinchabadutunna prajala jaatulapai aadharapadi untundi. metabolitelu moothramlo visarjinchabadataayi. moothrapindaala vaiphalyam vishayamlo motaadulanu saadhaaranamgaa sardubaatu cheyavalasina avasaram ledhu.
charitra.
modati samslaeshanha 1912loe vivarinchabadindi. kachugin 1949loe tubaged anae paerutoe kshayavyaadhiki vyatiraekamgaa aushadhaanni kanugonnadu. moodu aushadha companylu oke samayamlo aushadhaaniki patent pondadaaniki viphalamayyayi, vaatilo atyanta pramukhamainadi roche, idhi 1952loe daani version rimiphone nuu praarambhinchindi. isoniagid pravesapettadamto, kshayavyaadhiki nivaarana anedi modata saadhyamani bhaavinchabadindi.
eee aushadhaanni modata arisonaloni aneka polaallo, oka navajo communitylo, navajo reservation yokka kshayavyadhi samasya kaaranamgaa mariyu janaabhaaku gatamlo aaa samayamlo pradhana kshayavyadhi chikitsa ayina streptomycintho chikitsa cheyabadananduna pareekshinchaaru. eee parisoedhanaku prajaarogyampai aasakti unna antu vyaadhi parisoedhakudu walsh mcdermott naayakatvam vahinchaaru, gatamlo thana sonta kshayavyaadhiki chikitsa cheyadaaniki isoniagidnu teesukunnaru.
isoniagid mariyu sambandhita aushadham, iproniaged, antidepressantsga suuchimchabadina modati aushadhaalalo unnaayi.
tayari.
isoniagid anedi isonicotinic aamlam utpannam. idhi 4-sinopyridine mariyu hydrogene hydrate upayoginchi tayaaru cheyabadutundi. maroka paddhatiloo, isoniagid citric assid prarambha padaartham nundi tayaaru cheyabadindani cheppabadindi.
idhi siddhaantaparamgaa methyl isonicotynate nundi tayaaru cheyabadutundi, idhi semichemical anie piluvabadutundi.
brand paerlu.
hydra, hygid, isovit, laniaged, nidroged, rimiphone mariyu stanozide.
itara upayogaalu.
chromatography.
keaton functional group minaha sendriya sammelanaalalo vividha sthaayila samyogam madhya thedaanu gurtinchadaaniki isonicotinic assid hydrazidenu chromatography kooda upayogistaaru. eee pareeksha oka hydrazone erpaatu cheyadam dwara panichestundi, dheenini daani bathochromic shift dwara gurtinchavacchu.
kukkalu.
isoniagidnu kukkalaku upayoginchavacchu, conny idhi muurchalaku kaaranamavutundane aandolanalu unnaayi.

