
nalla peruvians

 
nalla peruvians ledhaa afro-peruvians ekkuvagaa ledhaa paakshikamgaa african santatiki chendina peruvians. vaaru ekkuvagaa vijayavantamaina vaari raaka taruvaata peruku teesukuvacchina baanisala aafrikanla nundi vacchaaru.
prarambha charitra.
modati aafrikanlu 1521loe banisaluga, vijaetalu, mariyu kondaru, balavantamgaa, valasavaadulatoe pani cheyadaaniki, etuvanti chellimpu lekunda, 1525loe vacchaaru. 1529 mariyu 1537 madhya, valasavaada perooku 363 mandhi aafrikanlanu digumati chesukovadaniki fraansiskoku pijaaroku anumatulu manjuru cheyabadinappudu, praja nirmaanam, vantenalu mariyu rahadari vyavasthalanu nirminchadaaniki balavantamgaa kaarmikulanu andinchadaaniki aafrikanla pedda samuuhaanni bandhinchaaru. vaaru vijaetalu thoo paatu sainikuluga poraadaaru mariyu vyaktigata sevakulu mariyu angarakshakulugaa panicheesaaru. 1533loe, banisaluga unna afro-peruviyanlu kuzko vijayamlo spaniardlatho kalisi vellaaru.
rendu rakaala african prajalu peruu cheyavalasi vachindi. aafrikaalo janminchina vaarini saadhaaranamgaa "negros bojels" ("anachiveta laeni nallajaateeyulu") anie pilustaaru, idhi avamaanakaramaina ardhamlo kooda upayoginchabadindi. eee baanisalanu neerugaa paschima ledhaa nairuti africa nundi swaadheenam chesukuni ravana chesi undavacchu ledhaa spanish indies ledhaa itara spanish kaalaneela nundi ravana chesi undavacchu. gatamlo spanish samskrutiki anugunamgaa undataaniki balavantam cheyabadina mariyu spanish matlade afro-peruuviyanlanu "negros ladinos" ("hysponic nallajaateeyulu") anie pilicheevaaru. kondaru spanish purushulu mariyu african mahilala vaarasulu mulatos. varna prajalu hysponic valasaraajyaalaku dohadapadina naipunhyam kaligina mariyu naipunhyam laeni vidhulanu nirvahinchaaru.
pattana praantaallo afro-peruviyanlu vantavaallu, battalu utakadam chesevaaru, panimanushulu, chetivruttulavaaru mariyu thotala pempakandaarulu. konni sandarbhaallo, vaaru naavikaadalam, aasupatrulu, charchilu mariyu swachchanda samsthalalo panicheesaaru. 1587loe african santatiki chendina 377 mandhi prajalu eee shipyardulalo panicheesaaru. eee parisramalo kwaareelu, battiilu mariyu nirmaana prajectulalo panichese nallajaateeyulu gananeeyamaina sankhyalo unnaaru. kaalaneeni nirminchadaaniki taginanta spanish kaarmikulu laeru, kabatti nallajaateeyulu tappanisarigaa aardhika vyavasthanu nadiparu. kramamga, afro-peruviyanlu naipunhyam kaligina chetivruttula pani mariyu vyavasaayamlo vaari vistrutamaina ghnaanam mariyu sikshananu aakarshinche pratyeka rangaalalo kendrikrutamai unnaaru.
baanisa vargaala saamaajika sopanakramamlo, nallajati chetivruttulavaaru vaari naipunhyaala kaaranamgaa atyunnata hodaanu kaligi unnaaru. vaaru vadrangulu, tailarlu, kammarulu, kattula panivaaru mariyu vendi panivaruga panicheesaaru. pedda hassendalalo ledhaa private gruhaalalo panichese vaari sahacharula kante eee samuuham ekkuva swechhanu pondindi. spanish chinna-vyapara samrakshakulu oka panini swatantramgaa cheyadaaniki, aapai vaari yajamani vaddaku tirigi raavadaaniki mottam sevaka-kalaakaarula brundaanni pamputaaru. chetivruttulavaariki dharalu peragadamtho, nallajati chetivruttulavaaru merugaina chikitsa pondaaru mariyu konnisaarlu takkuva sthaayi udyogi paatranu pooshinchaaru. rangurangula janaabhaaku naipunhyam kaligina vyaparalu saamaajika purogatiki pradhana maargamgaa undevi. vaari unnata naipunhyaala kaaranamgaa, afro-peruuviyanlu spanish kuleenulalo pratishtanu pondaaru. vaaru saapekshamgaa takkuva saamaajika sthaayini aakramincharu, conny sthaanikulaku sambandhinchina kontha hodaanu kaligi unnaaru, mariyu abhivruddhi chendutunna mestizos (sthaanika prajala vaarasulu mariyu spanish valasavaadulu) kante ekkuvagaa pariganinchabaddaaru.
mestizo janabha peragadamtho, sthaanika nivaasitulu mariyu spaaniyaardla madhya madhyavartulugaa afro-peruvianla paatra taggindi. spanish mariyu swadeshi peruviyanla madhya sambandhaala dwara mestizo janabha perigindi. unnata spanish vaaru tama hakkulanu, vaari spanish, mestizo pillalanu rakshinchukovadaaniki jaathi santati, rangu aadhaaramgaa kula vyavasthanu abhivruddhi chesaaru. eee vyavasthalo, spaniards paina, mestizos madhyalo, aafrikanlu mariyu diguva sthaanika janabha diguvana unnaaru. spanish vaaru deshaanni paripaalinchadamlo sahayapade pratyeka hakkunu mestizos vaarasatvamgaa pondaadu.
speyin nundi adanapu valasadaarulu vacchi perulo sthirapadinanduna, mestizos tama kosam atyanta laabhadaayakamaina udyogaalanu unchukoovadaaniki prayatninchaaru. prarambha valasarajyala kaalamlo, afro-spaniards mariyu afro-peruvians tarachugaa bangaaru ganulalo panicheesaaru, endukante vaariki saanketikatalato parichayam undhi. kaneesam naalugo sataabdam nundi paschima aafrikaaloni konni praantaallo bangaaru tavvakam mariyu smitting sarvasaadhaaranam. conny, prarambha valasarajyala kaalam taruvaata, kontamandi afro-peruviyanlu bangaaru panivaaru ledhaa vendi panivaaru avutaaru.
chivariki uttara teeramloni cheraku, vari thotalapai ledhaa dakshina teeramloni drakshatotalu, patthi polaallo afro-peruviyanlu bhaarii kaarmikulaku guricheyabaddaaru. graameena praantaallo vaaru tadi-nursing, house keeping, gruhanirvaahakulu, koubaaylu, janthu pasuvula pempakam modalaina vaatilo praatinidhyam vahinchaaru. bhaaratheeyulu hassendalapy sraamika saktigaa koratagaa maarina taruvaata, rangu prajalu "yanakuna" anae birudunu pondaaru, idhi ippativaraku oka bhoomini kaligi undataaniki mariyu daanipai pani cheyadaaniki oka roeju puurti hakku unna swadeshi sevakulaku matrame ketayinchabadindi. afro-peruviyanlu tarachugaa hassendas nundi "huido" (tappinchukovadam, paaripovadam anie anuvadinchabadindi) nuu upayoginchadam dwara mariyu vaari swantha choravatho yajamaanulanu marchadam dwara ledhaa "simarones" (aranyamlo chinna sanghaalanu yerparuchukunna paaripoyina baanisala saayudha mutaalu mariyu prayaana vyaparulapai daadi cheyadam) loe cheradam dwara agencyni upayoginchaaru. columbian puurva yugaalalo kooda paschima aafrikanlu ledhaa spanish kante ekkuva nipunulaina ghnaanam unna vendi ganulalo sthaanika janabha pani chesevaaru.
baanisa vyaparam.
baanisa vaanijyam samayamlo, sumaru 95,000 mandhi baanisalanu peruloki teesukuvacchaaru, chivari samuuham 1850loe vachindi. tarachugaa baanisalanu modatlo cuba mariyu hispaniolaku ravana chesaaru, akkada nundi vyaapaarulu vaarini panaamaaku mariyu peru vaisraayalteelaku teesukuvacchaaru. raitulu mariyu itarulu cartagena, columbia ledhaa veracruz, meksikoolooni vaanijya pradarsanalalo baanisalanu konugolu chesaaru, mariyu vaaru baanisa oodalu digumati chesukunna kotta baanisalatoe peruku tirigi vacchaaru. 1548 naati "kotta chattalu" mariyu frear bartolome dii laas casas sthaanika americanlapy chesina durviniyogaalanu khandinchina phalitamgaa, baanisalu kramamga encomindas vadda sthaanikulanu bharti chesaaru.
perulooni baanisa yajamaanulu aafrikaaloni nirdishta praantaala nundi baanisalanu kaligi undataaniki praadhaanyatalanu abhivruddhi chesaaru (konni lakshanaalanu kaligi unnaarani nammutaaru); vaaru okaritho okaru sambhaashinchagala oka praanta baanisalanu kaligi undaalani korukunnaru. ginia nundi, senegal nadhi nundi baanisa teeram varaku baanisalanu nirvahinchadam sulabham mariyu vikrayinchadagina naipunyaalu kaligi untaarani vaaru vishwasinchaaru. vaariki varini elaa natalo, saagu cheyaalo, gurralaku sikshana ivvadam, gurrampai pasuvulanu elaa penchaalo appatike telusu. baanisa yajamaanulu nigeria nundi thoorpu ghaana varaku vistarinchi unna praantam nundi baanisalanu kooda ishtapaddaru. baanisa yajamaanula moodava empika kango, mosambic, madagaskar mariyu angolaku chendina baanisala kosam undedi.
17va sataabdamloo kontamandi yajamaanulu rangu vyaktula manumission prakriyanu praarambhinchaaru. konni sandarbhaallo, baanisalu tama swechhanu konugolu cheyadaaniki anumatinchabaddaaru, mariyu oka swechhaa afro-peruvian saamaajika vargam udbhavinchindi. baanisalu tama swechhanu konugolu cheyadaaniki adhika mottaanni chellinchaalsi vachindi; kontamandiki pakkane dabbu sampaadinchadaaniki ledhaa leejuku ichinatlayithe, vaari aadaayamlo kontha bhaganni unchukoovadaaniki anumati undedi. marikondaru runaalu sekarinchaaru, kondariki vaari yajamani swechhanu manjuru chesaaru. swatantra nallajaateeyulu spaniardlatho samanamga pariganinchabadanappudu kooda. swechhaa aafrikanlu konni amsaalalo samaana hakkulanu pondaaru, udaaharanaku, bhoomini konugolu chesi vikrayinchina swatantra aafrikanlu kooda recordulu unnaayi. vimukti pondina nallajaateeyulu vividha vyavasthaapaka karyakalapalalo nimagnamai unnaaru, veetilo vaanijyam mukhyamaina amsam. african santatiki chendina kondaru vyaktulu dukaanaala yajamaanulu ayyaru. conny, swechhaa pourudu hodha kotta savaallanu, paristhitulanu teesukuvacchindi, idhi oka nallajati vyakti edurkovalasi vachindi. udyogam pondadaaniki avasaramaina, kappam chellinchaalsina, rashtraanni rakshinchadaaniki sainyam loe panicheyadaaniki piluvabadina rangurangula vyakti. vaarantaa pavitra karyalayam paryaveekshanhaloo unnaaru.
kireetam vimukti pondina nallajati janabhapai aadaayaanni penchindi. maajee baanisalu tamanu taamu niyaminchukuni, spaniard mastertho kalisi nivasinchamani balavantam chesina oka uttarvu vimukti pondina nallajaateeyula swechhanu parimitam cheyadaaniki maroka maargam. kontamandi dabbu aadaa cheyadaaniki spanishlone undipoyaaru, ekkuva mandhi eee niyamanni vijayavantamgaa dhikkarinchi, okarikokaru maddatu ivvadaaniki "ummadi sanghaalanu" nirminchukovadam praarambhinchaaru. nallajaateeyulu mariyu mulaattolanu vidya nundi minahaayinchadam anedi pedda mariyu deerghakaalika prabhaavamtho kuudina vivakshata vidhanam. ekkuvagaa charchi naduputunna vishwavidyaalayaalu mariyu paatasaalalu swethajaatheeyulu kaani janabha "vidyaavantulu kaavadaaniki anarhulu" anae samarthanatho namodu chesukovadanni nishedhinchaayi. ayithe, sampannulu, naipunhyam kaligina, samarthulaina mulattolu raajakeeya nicchena gundaa velli chinna adhikaarika padavulanu aakraminchukunnaru.
1821loe, general jose dii shaan martin perulo baanisa vyapaaraanni nishedhinchaaru.
1835loe, adhyakshudu felip santiago salaveri itara latin american deshaala dwara baanisalanu bahishkarinchadaanni chattabaddham chestu mallii oka decreepy santakam chesaaru. aaa vidhamgaa, ayana maraninchina rendu samvatsaraala taruvaata, "mattini vimukti cheyadam" suutram rajyangam nundi tolaginchabadutundi, dheeni prakaram peruloki pravesinche banisanu vaastavaaniki vidudala chestaaru.
1854loe adhyakshudu ramon castilla vai marquezado baanisatvaanni raddu chesinatlu prakatinchaaru.
nedu, afro-peruvian samajalu castilla yokka mylurayi nirnayaanni prajaadarana pondina prasamgamtho jarupukuntunnayih
kottagaa vimukti pondina pourulu saadhaaranamgaa vaari maajee yajamaanula chivari paerunu teesukunnaru. udaaharanaku, florez kutumbam sevalo unna baanisalu tamanu taamu "florez" ledhaa "flores" anie pilicheevaaru.
perulo chaalaa mandhi nalla baanisala kramamga vimukti unnappatikee, 19va sataabdam antataa dakshina americaloni pasiphik teeram vembadi baanisatvam konasaagindi, endukante peruvian baanisa vyaapaarulu polynesianlanu, pradhanamgaa markesas dheevulu mariyu eestar dveepam nundi kidnap chesi, ganulalo mariyu peru mariyu chilly yokka gwano parisramalo saareeraka shrama cheyamani vaarini balavantam chesaaru.
afro-peruvian sangeetam.
afro-peruvian sangeetam daani muulaalanu peruvian teeram vembadi ganulalo pani cheyadaaniki teesukuvacchina nalla baanisala sanghaalalo kaligi undhi. anduvalla, idhi saamskrutikamgaa mariyu bhougolikamgaa andees nundi sarasamaina maargam. ayithe, idhi abhivruddhi chendutunna koddi, mukhyamgaa 20va sataabdamloo, idhi andean, spanish mariyu african sampradaayaalanu aakarshinchindi, ayithe daani aadhunika pratipaadakulu kooda andean "newa cancian" thoo anubandhaanni kaligi unnaaru. phalitamgaa, peru rajadhani lima kii dakshinaana chaalaa dhooramlo laeni chinna teerapraanta pattanaalaina chincha mariyu connet afro-peruvian sangeethaaniki kendramgaa unnaayi.
1950la varaku paeruloe kooda sangeetam antagaa teliyadu, appudu jose durand, porpherio waskwez, nicomeds shanta cruze mariyu victoria shanta cruze dheenini praachuryamloki tecchaaru, 1970laloe paeru neegro brundam dheeni panini oka adugu munduku vesindi. antarjaateeya sthaayilo, eee sangeeta roopam iteevala david byrne yokka luwaka bope music label dwara pracharam pondindi, peruu neegro samuuham sankalanam yokka edition mariyu susana baakaa aalbamlatho.
peru madhya teeramloni pattanaalalo chrismus samayamlo abhivruddhi cheyabadina "danza dii negritos vai laas pallitas" vanti pradarsanalu ippatikee chellubaatu ayyevi.
nedu afro-peruvians.
afro-peruvian janabha pradhanamgaa rendu rangaalalo kanipistundihi uttara teeram (lamboic mariyu pieura madhya); mariyu dakshina madhya teeramlo (mukhyamgaa lima, calavo mariyu connet, chincha, pisco mariyu nazka provinceulalo).
desamlo afro-peruviyanla atyadhika saandrata moropone (pieura) looni yapateralo kanipistundi; sumaru 7000 mandhi raitulu unnaaru, veerilo ekkuva mandhi maajee african baanisala vaarasulu, ikkada pedda sankhyalo "malagasy" ledhaa "mangache" muulaaniki chendina prajalu (madagaskar nundi) pratyaekamgaa nilustaaru. moropone provins rajadhani nagaram moropone vanti nagarallo nallajati samaajaalaku prasiddhi chendindi, chulukanas chuttoo, yapatera thoo paatu, chapika dell carmelo, solitral, buenous airs, laa mantaja, (hassinda pabur), shaan juvan dii meesaalu mariyu kanchak unnaayi. ayabaka mariyu sullana praavinsula madhya meeru laas lomas, laa tina (sarihadduku sameepamlo) ledhaa pakaipampa vanti nallajati samajalanu kooda chudavachu.
uttara loyalu" anie cheppinappudu adhi yungaalo unna loyalanu suuchistumdi. lambekloni prasiddha valasarajyala nagaram jaanaa vanti nagaralu uttara perulo rendava atyanta mukhyamaina afro-peruvian nagaramgaa nilustaayi. itara nagaralu tuman, batan grande, kayalti mariyu lamboic vibhaagamlo kapot manchi sankhyalo afro-peruvian janaabhaaku aatidhyam ivvadaaniki prasiddhi chendaayi.
lima nagaramlo, sercado, brena, surkillo, shaan martin dii pores, baranco, surco, corillos, remack mariyu laa victoria jillaalu kramam tappakunda afro-peruvian janabhanu kaligi undataaniki prasiddhi chendaayi, alaage calavo kooda unnaayi. huwar provinceloni akallama pattanam kooda prasiddhi chendindi.
nallajati janaabhaaku prasiddhi chendina madhya, dakshina praantaala teerapraanta nagaralu connet, chincha, pisco, aika, nazka. gatamlo lima dakshinaana unna samajalanu atyadhika teevrata kaligina afro-peru prajalu anie pilicheevaaru, conny african vaarasulu mariyu andean valasadaarula madhya adhika tappu puttuka kaaranamgaa, afro-peruvian muulaalu poyayi. maroe kaaranam emitante, vaarilo chaalaa mandhi merugaina avakaasaala kosam limaloki valasa vacchaaru. edemaina, afro-peruviyanla saampradaaya unikiki prasiddhi chendina mukhyamaina sthaavaraalu ippatikee unnaih ell carmen mariyu ell gwayabo, chincha provincelo, ikkada juuliyoo "chocolate" algendonelu mariyu saampradaaya balambrosio kutumbam unnaayi; shaan luisto paatu, connet provincelo, kaitro soto, coco linares mariyu ronaldo campose bhoomi.
marinta dakshinaana nazka provinceloni ell ingenio jillaalo afro-peruvian communitylu unnaayi; mariyu karaveli provinceloni akaari pattanam, arekwipa vibhaagaaniki uttaraana teerapraantamlo undhi.
oka aasaktikaramaina vaastavam emitante, maajee african baanisalu sero dii pasco mariyu huvanukolo unna central hye adavi yokka chinna loyalaku vacchaaru. ippatikee suduuramaina conny spashtamgaa african lakshanaalatoo chinna janabha undhi.
bhougolika pampinhee.
2017 peruvian janabha lekkala prakaram, 828,841 ledhaa 3.6% peruviyanlu "nalla" gaa gurtinchabaddaaru, eee padaanni mishrama african santatiki chendina prajalaku upayogistaaru, ayithe mulatos mariyu jambolato kalisi vaaru peruvian janabhalo mottam 9 saatam (2,850,000) untaaru. nallajaateeyulalo atyadhika saatam unna vibhagalu kambaalu (11.5%), pieura (8.9), mariyu lamboic (8.4%). sweeya-gurtinchabadina nallajaateeyulalo athi takkuva saatam unna praantaalu poono (0.0), hwankavelika (0.1), mariyu kuzko (0.2%).
prabhutvam kshamaapanalu korutundi.
2009 navambarulo, peruvian prabhutvam sataabdaala jaathi anyaayaaniki peru yokka afro-peruvian prajalaku adhikaarika kshamaapanalu jaarii chesindi; prabhutvam ippativaraku chesina modati kshamaapana idhi. dheenini mahilaa mariyu saamaajika abhivruddhi mantri nidia wilchez prakatinchaaru, praarambhamlo adhikaarika vaartaapatrika "ell peruvano" loe prachurinchaaru. kshamaapana ilaa cheppindih 
paeru yokka bahula saamskrutika janabha yokka nijamaina ekikarananu prothsahinchadaaniki daani kshamaapana sahaayapadutundani prabhutvam aasistunnatlu wilchez chepparu."
janabhalo 5%-10% unna afro-peruviyanlapai kontha vivaksha konasagutondani prabhutvam angeekarinchindi. jaathi prerepita vedhimpula chihnalu ippatikee unnayani, ivi prajala saamaajika, aardhika, kaarmika mariyu vidya abhivruddhiki pedda ettuna aatamkaanni suuchistunnaayani prabhutvam gurtinchindi mariyu vichaaristoondi" anie prabhutva prarambha prakatana perkondi."afro-peruvian studies und promotion centarku chendina monika kaarillo suuchimchina prakaram 27 saatam afro-peruviyanlu unnata paatasaala vidyanu puurti chesi, kevalam 2 saatam mandhi matrame unnata ledhaa saanketika vidyanu pondutaaru. peruu thana janaabhaaku kshamaapanalu cheppina modati latin american prabhutvam kaanappatikee, prastuta vivakshanu gurtinchina modatidi. konni maanava hakkula sanghaalu prabhutva angeekaaraanni prasamsimchinappatikii, itara nipunulu baanisatvaanni soochinchadamlo viphalamainanduku ledhaa yathaathatha sthithilo maarpunu vaagdaanam chesinanduku mottam kshamaapananu vimarsinchaaru.
appati adhyakshudu alon garsia, mahilaa mariyu saamaajika abhivruddhi mantri nidia wilchez, afro peruvian congress sabhyuralu martha moyano, ell carmen maajee mayer, hermes palma-quiroz mariyu block movement francisco kango vyavasthaapakudu, paal kolino-manroy samakshamlo prabhutva rajabhavanam yokka goppa bhojana gadilo 2009 december 7naa kshamaapana kosam bahiranga veduka jarigindi.
eee kaaryakramamlo, adhyakshudu garsia ilaa annaru 

