
1901 australia samakhya ennikalu

1901loe australia prarambha paarlamentu kosam 1901 marchi 29 sukravaaram mariyu sanivaaram 30 marchi 1901naa australialo australia samakhya ennikalu jarigaayi. 1901 janavari 1naa samakhya mariyu commonwealth off australia sthaapana taruvaata ennikalu jarigaayi. australia pratinidhula sabhalo mottam 75 sthaanaalu, veetilo aaru pootii lekunda, alaage australia senetloni mottam 36 sthaanaalu ennikalaku siddhamgaa unnaayi.
aasaavaada porapaatu yokka prarambha gandaragolam taruvaata, australia yokka modati pradhana mantri edmond barton 1901 prarambha samakhya ennikalaloo rakshanavaada party aapaddharma prabhutvaaniki niyamita adhipatigaa vellaaru. rakshanavaadulu otlu, seetlalo modati sthaanamlo undagaa, vaaru majority kante takkuvaku padipoyaru. adhikara samatulyatanu kaligi unna laber party parliamentary maddatutoe prastuta prabhutvam padaviloe undipoyindi, ayithe swechhaa vaanijya party pratipakshaanni erpaatu chesindi. 1903 ennikalaku konni nelala mundu, barton australia haikortu vyavasthaapaka sabhyudiga rajinama chesi, athani sthaanamlo alfred dickin niyaminchabaddaadu.
edmond barton eee ennikalaloo paarlamentuloki pravesinchaadu, alaage aaru bhavishyat pradhaanamantrulu alfred daakin, criss watson, georg reed, joseph cook, andrew fisher mariyu billie hyoogs mariyu bhavishyat pratipaksha nayakudu fraank tudor kooda unnaaru.
nepathyam.
nyuu south wales, queensland, dakshina australia, tasmania, victoria mariyu paschima australia yokka kaalaneela samakhya 1901 janavari 1naa amaluloki vacchi commonwealth off australianu erpaatu chesindi. paschima australia, victoria, nyuu south wales mariyu tasmanialo marchi 29 sukravaaram naadu, mariyu dakshina australia mariyu queenslandlo 1901 marchi 30 sanivaaram naadu samakhya paarlamentu prarambha sabhyulanu ennukoovadaaniki ennikalu jarigaayi. queenslandlo varadalu april varaku raashtramloni konni praantaallo ennikalanu alasyam chesaayi.
1901 ennikalu australia charitralo rendu sandarbhaalalo okati, saadhaarana ennikalaloo desham mottam oke rojuna ennikalaku vellaledu, rendava sandarbham 1993 dickson vibhajanalo "anubandha ennikalu". eee ennikalu matrame sanivaaram kakunda vaerae rojuna ennikalu ledhaa daanilooni edainaa bhaagam jarigina samayam.
taruvaata hopetown blunder anie pilavabade daanilo, december 1900loe governor general, hopetown yokka 7va earl, nyuu south wales yokka premiere ayina vilium line 1901 janavari 1 nundi modati commonwealth prabhutvaanni erpaatu cheyadaaniki niyaminchaaru. paarlamentu lenappudu prabhutvam aapaddharma praatipadikana vyavaharinchaalsi undhi. line janaadarana pondaledu mariyu maddatu pondalekapoyadu, kabatti athanu thana kamishannu tirigi icchaadu. edmond barton appudu taatkaalika prabhutvaanni erpaatu cheyamani piluvabaddadu. barton prarambha pradhana mantrigaa pramaana sweekaaram chesaaru, mariyu athani mantrivargam prastuta prabhutvamgaa ennikalaloo pootii chesindi.
kontamandi abhyardhulu ippatikee rashtra paarlamentulo sitting sabhyuluga unnaaru. vilium line barton yokka taatkaalika prabhutvamlo mantrigaa mariyu nyuu south wales yokka premierga unnappudu hyoom vibhajanaku abhyardhigaa unnaaru, mariyu pracharam samayamlo thana adhikaarika premiere kaarunu upayoginchaaru, marchi 27naa rajinama chesaaru.
ennikallo pootii chese paarteelu.
ennikalaloo pootii chesina paarteelu australia pradhani edmond barton netrutvamloni rakshanavaada party, mariyu maajee nyuu south wales premiere georg reed netrutvamloni anadhikarikamga unna swechhaa vaanijya party. ennikala tarvaata rendu nelala varaku samakhya kaarmika party undadu, conny aaru rashtraallo aidu sthaanika kaarmika paarteelu ennikalaloo pootii chesaayi-kaarmika party laeni tusmanialo, king oo 'maalii swatantra kaarmika abhyardhigaa ennikayyaaru. vividha raajakeeya dhoranulaku chendina aneka mandhi swatantrulu mariyu adhikaarika paarteetho sangharshanhalo unna kaarmika sabhyulatho kuudina "soshalistu six" anie piluvabade nyuu south wales senate ticket kooda unnaayi.
digumati chesukunna vastuvulapai sunkaalanu vidhinchadam, khandantara railway nirmaanam, ekareeti railway gaze, ekareeti ootu hakku, vruddhaapya pinchanlu mariyu australian raajyaamgaanni radicals nundi rakshinchadam dwara sthaanika parisramala rakshananu rakshanavaadulu samardhinchaaru. pracharam antataa party erupu rangunu upayoginchindi. barton thoo paatu, rakshanavaada abhyardhulalo charless kingston, surr zaan forrest mariyu bhavishyat pradhana mantri alfred dickin thoo sahaa valasarajyala australiaku chendina aneka mandhi pramukha raajakeeya pramukhulu unnaaru.
swechhaa vyaapaarulu (vaari adhikaarika paeru "australian free trade und liberal association") sunka vyavastha, oka khandantara railvenu raddu cheyaalani vaadinchaaru mariyu paatha pinchanlanu raashtraalaku vadiliveyaalani vishwasinchaaru. rakshanavaadulu mariyu swechhaa vyaapaarula vidhanalu chaalaa varaku okela unnanduna, swechhaa vyaapaarulu sunkaalapai bhaareega pracharam chesaaru, ennikalanu sunkaalapai prajabhipraya sekaranagaa cheyaalani taanu korukuntunnanani reed paerkonnaadu. pracharam antataa party neelam rangunu upayoginchindi. tananu taanu pedda raajakeeya vyaktigaa bhaavinchukunnanduna bartonku badulugaa pradhana mantrigaa niyaminchabadi undaalani namme reedtho paatu, swechhaa vaanijya abhyardhulalo reed yokka anadhikaarika deputy vari glin, vilium irvin mariyu maajee rashtra kaarmika nayakudu mariyu bhavishyat commonwealth liberal party pradhana mantri joseph cook unnaaru.
vruddhaapya pinchanlu, ennikala samskaranalu, jaateeya sainyam, paarisraamika vivaadaala tappanisari madhyavartitvam mariyu paarlamentu rendintalu raddu kaavadaaniki daariteese samasyalanu nirnayinchadaaniki jaateeya prajabhipraya sekarananu kaarmikulu samardhinchaaru. senior kaarmika abhyardhulalo bhavishyat pradhaanamantrulu criss watson, andrew fisher mariyu billie hugs unnaaru. kaarmika abhyardhulanu vyaktigata rashtra aadhaarita abhyardhulugaa ennukunnaaru, vaaru 1901 mae 8naa paarlamentu modati samavesaniki mundu samavesamai samakhya kaarmika paarteeni erpaatu cheyadaaniki angeekarinchaaru. sidney printer mariyu nyuu south wales paarlamentu maajee sabhyudu ayina criss watson party prarambha nayakudiga ennikayyaaru.
anni paarteelu aaa samayamlo pramaanamgaa unna tella australiaku maddatugaa unnaayi, oke oka paarlamentu sabhyudu, free trader broose smith matrame eee chattanni puurtigaa vyatiraekimchaaru.
oating mariyu namodu.
prati rashtram yokka nirdishta ennikala chattaala prakaram ootu hakku undedi. dakshina australia mariyu paschima australia mahilalaku ootu hakku kalpinchabadindi, conny itara rashtraallo vaaru ootu veyalekapoyaru. tasmania oating kosam oka chinna aasti arhatanu nilupukundi, conny itara rashtraallo, 21 ellu paibadina purushulandaruu ootu vaeyadaaniki arhulu. aneka rashtraallo sthaanika australianlu ootu vaeyadaaniki saanketikamgaa anumatinchabaddaaru, ayithe, vaaru otaru anachivetanu edurkonnaru. udaaharanaku nyuu south vaelsloo, ootu vesina aadimavaasulanu "double oating" kosam pooliisulu arrestu chesaaru, kesuku maddatugaa chaalaa takkuva aadharalu unnaayi.
australia antataa oating swachchandamgaa undedi mariyu chaalaa rashtraallo abhyardhulanu "fust paast dhi post" oating vyavastha dwara ennukunnaaru. dakshina australialo, otarlu tama ishtapade abhyardhula edurugaa pettenu gurtinchalsi undagaa, itara rashtraallo otarlu ishtapade abhyardhula paerlanu daatavalasi untundi.
eee krindi pattika vividha ennikala vyavasthalanu vivaristundi.
niyojakavargaalu.
pratinidhula sabhalo 75 mariyu senatelo 36 sthaanaalanu bharti cheyalsi undhi. aaru house seatlu pootii lekunda unnaayi.
75 pratinidhula sabha sthaanaalanu bharti cheyalsi undhi. prati raashtraaniki seetla prarambha sankhya australia rajyangamlo nirdesinchabadindi. nyuu south wales 26, victoria 23, queensland 9, dakshina australia 7, paschima australia 5 mariyu tasmania 5 ketayinchabaddayi. dakshina australia mariyu tasmania valasa paarlamentulu oke-sabhyula otarla kosam chattam cheyaledu, kabatti vaari pratinidhi sabhyula sabhanu oke raashtravyaapta otarla nundi ennukunnaaru. dakshina australialo, prati ootar edu otlu vesthe, tasmanialo, prati ootar oka ootu vaestaaru.
prati rashtram rajyangam prakaram aruguru senatorlanu ennukundi. prati raashtramloni senatorlu taruvaati ennikalaloo upayoginche anupaata praatinidhyam ledhaa oke badilee cheyagala ootu vyavasthala kante block oating dwara raashtravyaapta otarla praatipadikana ennikayyaaru.
pracharam.
kontamandi abhyardhulu, mukhyamgaa reed, gatha samvatsaram december nundi anadhikarikamga pracharam chestunnappatiki, pracharam kaalam adhikarikamga 1901 janavari 17naa praarambhamaindi. janavari 22naa victoria raani maraninchinanduna pracharam aalasyamaindi, conny utsaahabharitamaina bahiranga samavesalanu uddesinchi prasanginchadaaniki abhyardhula vistrutamgaa prayaaninchadamtoe tvaralo mallee jorugaa praarambhamaindi. reed nyuu kaajillo jarigina rallyki 8,000 manditho sahaa atipedda janasamuuhaanni aakarshinchadu mariyu athanu victoria, queensland mariyu tasmaniaku prayaaninchi vistrutamgaa pracharam chesaadu, ayithe vari glin dakshina australialo swechhaa vaanijya pracharanni nirvahinchaadu.
tella australia vidhanam queensland chakkera thotalapai panicheyadaaniki kanakaala digumatulapai prabhavam chooputundani bhayapadina queensland rakshanavaada abhyardhula agraham taruvaata rakshanavaadulu tama valasa vidhananni savarinchaalsi vachindi. chakkera parisramaku upayogam lenappudu matrame kanakulu vaari muula deshaaniki tirigi pampabadatarani chadavadaaniki vaari vidhanam savarinchabadindi. ayithe, mottam meeda, tella australia otarlalo baga prachuryam pondindi mariyu chaalaa mandhi abhyardhulu taamu daaniki entha maddatu ichamo niroopinchukoovadaaniki tamanu taamu adhigaminchaaru. valasa vyatiraeka charyalanu vyatirekinchadaaniki paarkulaku swechhaa vaanijya abhyardhi ayina broose smith (yajamaanula pramukha pratinidhi) kuu vadiliveyabadindi. kraistava matamloki maari, vivaham chesukunna yea kanakanaina australialo undataaniki anumatinchaalani andrew fisher vaadinchaaru. iddaroo soukaryavantamgaa ennikayyaaru.
australian parisramalanu rakshinche anni sunkaalanu tolaginchaalani vaadinchadam raajakeeya aatmahatya anie grahinchinappudu swechhaa vyaapaarulu kooda tama ennikala vedikalo kontha bhaganni savarinchaalsi vachindi. eee parisramalaloni chaalaa mandhi udyogulu sunkaalanu tolaginchadam antey tama udyogaalaku mugimpu anie bhaavinchaaru.
rakshanavaadulu pracharam antataa saktivantamaina australian sthaanikula sangham (anaa) maddatunu alaage "dhi age" mariyu "sidney bulletin" aamodaalanu pondaaru, ayithe swechhaa vaanijyaaniki vyapara prayojanaala nundi maddatu labhinchindi mariyu "sidney marning herold", "dialy telegraph", "dhi brisbane courier", melbourne yokka "dhi argus" mariyu "dhi adelide register" aamodaalanu pondaaru. kaarmika sangha yaajamaanyamloni vaartaapatrikalapai matrame aadharapadagaligevaru, ayithe veetilo konni konni niyojakavargaalalo goppa sthaayi prabhavanni kaligi unnaayi (udaaharanaku "gympy nijam" daani bhagaswamy, andrew fisher, vistruta baeloe ennikaloo mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchinatlu pariganinchabadutundi).
1901 ennikala prachaaramlo rendu kaarlu matrame upayoginchabaddaayih nyuu south wales premierga unnappudu hyoom vibhajanaku abhyardhigaa unna vilium line, thana adhikaarika premiere kaarunu goppa prayojanaaniki upayoginchaaru; mariyu shipping magnet mariyu melbourne abhyardhi surr malcum mescharn thana otarla chuttoo prayaninchetappudu thana kaarunu upayoginchadam aanandinchaaru.
ennikala roeju.
konni niyojakavargaallo gatamlo prakatinchina polling boothlanu moosiveyadam, ballet peparlanu nimpadaaniki sarafara chesina paelavamaina naanhyata gala pencils (avi sulabhamgaa masakabaradam, adhikaarulaku ardham kaani aneka otlanu vadiliveyadam) mariyu nyuu south vaelslooni senate ballet paper 50 mandhi abhyardhulanu jabita cheyadam, chaalaa mandhi otarlanu gandaragolaniki guricheyadam mariyu gananeeyamaina sankhyalo anadhikaarika otlaku daariteesadam gurinchi polling adhikaarulaku firyadulu vachayi.
eee firyaadulanu pakkana pedithe, modati samakhya ennikala nirvahana goppa vijayamgaa mariyu konni sandarbhaallo, konni european deshaala kante pedda niyojakavargaalaku baadhyata vahinche ennikala adhikaarulaku ghanatagaa pariganinchabadindi.
vislaeshanha.
rakshanavaadulu balamgaa unna sarihaddu praantaalatoo paatu, nyuu south vaelsloo swechhaa vyaapaarulu chaalaa seetlanu geluchukunnaru. rakshanavaadulu tama balamaina koota ayina victorialo chaalaa seetlanu geluchukunnaru. kaarmikulu konni antargata pattana sthaanaalanu geluchukunnaru, conny daani sabhyulalo ekkuva mandhi matasambandhamaina mariyu ganula tavvakam praantaalaku praatinidhyam vahinchaaru. chinna rashtraallo chaalaa mandhi sabhyulaku sthiramaina party vidheyata ledhu mariyu vaaru tama raashtraala prayojanaalaku praatinidhyam vahistunnatlu bhaavinchaaru. eee ennikalaloo australia yokka eduguru pradhaanulu (barton, dickin, watson, reed, fisher, joseph cook mariyu hugs) ennikayyaaru, alaage aneka mandhi prabhaavavantamaina maajee rashtra pradhaanulu (surr zaan forrest, line, georg turner, anderson dasson, phillip fish mariyu charless kingston vaarilo) ennikayyaaru.
gatam lekunda, barton rakshanavaada mantritva saakhaku etuvanti samasyalu lekunda adhikaaramlo undatam valla anni prayojanaalu unnaayi, antey rakshanavaada vijayam dadapuga khaayam, mariyu barton paarlamentulo soukaryavantamaina majorityni pondutaarani nammakamgaa unnaaru. ayithe, barton mariyu athani mantritva saakha tirigi vachinappudu, vaaru chattanni aamodinchadaaniki kaarmika maddatupai aadhaarapadavalasi vachindi. rakshanavaadulu prabhutvamlone unnappatikee, chaalaa mandhi pariseelakulu eee phalitaanni swechhaa vaanijyaaniki naitika vijayamgaa chuusaaru (dakshina australia, tasmania mariyu paschima australia anae moodu chinna rashtraallo rakshanavaadula kante ekkuva sthaanaalanu geluchukunnaru). kaarmikula paniteeru kooda oohinchina daanikante merugga undhi, mukhyamgaa ennikala taruvaata oo 'maalii niyamakam taruvaata. intlooni moodu paarteelalo karmikavargam athi chinnadi, conny adhikara samatulyatanu kaligi undedi. valasavaada paarlamentulalo kaarmikula vidhanam maadirigaane criss watson anusarinchaaru. athanu edmond barton mariyu alfred dickin yokka rakshanavaada prabhutvaalanu padaviloe unchaadu, dheeniki badulugaa vipareetamaina prajaadarana pondina tella australia vidhaanamtho sahaa saasana raayiteelanu icchaadu. tella australiaku otarlu mariyu moodu raajakeeya paarteelu enthagaa adhika maddatu ichayante, valasa niyantrana chattam 1901 anedi noothana paarlamentu aamodinchina padihedava chattam.
namodu chesukunna otarlalo sagatu jaateeya oating saatam 60 kaga, nyuu kazil division 97 saatamtoe atyadhika otingnu saadhinchagaa, fremantal division 30 saatamtoe athi takkuva otingnu namodu chesindi.
ennikaina iddaru swatantrulalo iddaroo queenslandku chendinavaaru. moreton sthaanaaniki ennikaina james wilkinson laber paarteelo maajee sabhyudu, 1903loe tirigi paarteelo cheraaru. capricarniaku praatinidhyam vahistunna alegzander petersonku etuvanti raajakeeya anubandham ledhu, 1903loe padavee viramana chesaaru.
lolakam.
dakshina australia mariyu tasmania oke bahula sabhyula niyojakavargaalugaa ennikalaku vellaayi. dakshina australia eduguru sabhyulanu ennukundi, prati ootar edu otlu vestaaruh naluguru swechhaa vyaapaarulu (vari glin, 59.5%; frederic holder, 59.5%; alegzander pointon, 41.1%; mariyu wiben luis solaman, 43.0%), iddaru rakshanavaadulu (charless kingston, 65.9%; longdon bonython, 62.7%) mariyu oka kaarmika sabhyudu (lii batchelar, 50.3%). tasmania aiduguru sabhyulanu ennukundi, prati ootar oka ootu vestaaruh mugguru swechhaa vyaapaarulu (edward broadon, 26.2%; norman cameron, 11.6%; frederic pease, 10.1%), oka rakshanavaadi (phillip fish, 9.9%) mariyu oka kaarmika sabhyudu (king oo 'mallie, 21.9%).

