
hirabai tata

herabai tata (1879-1941) oka bharatiya mahilaa hakkula kaaryakarta mariyu ootu hakku kaaryakarta. 1895loe vivaham chesukunna tata bhartha pragatiseelamgaa undi, thana bhaarya, kumarte vidyaku maddatu icchaadu, paatasaala vidyalo aameku sahayam cheyadaaniki upaadhyaayulanu niyaminchukunnaadu. 1909loe, parcy ayina tata, theosophy aasaktini penchukunnadu mariyu konni samvatsaraalalone annee besentnu parichayam chesukunnadu. adhe samayamlo, 1911loe, aame bharatiya vaarasatvamto kuudina british ootu hakku vaadinaina sofiya dupleep singnu kalusukunnaru, aame ootu hakku vaadinigaa aame abhivruddhini prabhaavitam chesindi. mahilaa bharatiya sangha vyavasthaapaka sabhyuralu mariyu pradhana karyadarshi ayina aame 1917loe maantaagu-chamesford daryaaptuku mundu ootu hakku kosam petition vesina mahilallo okaru ayyaru.
pratipaadinchabadina samskaranalu mahilaa ootu hakkunu cherchadamlo viphalamainappudu, tata mariyu itara streevaadulu ootu avasarampai nirasana vyaktam cheyadam mariyu kathanaalanu prachurinchadam praarambhinchaaru. maantaagu-chamesford samskaranalanu amalu cheyadaaniki ennikala nibandhanalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki soutbaro franchise kamiteeni prastaavistuu, konni munisipaalitiilu ippatike mahilalanu ootu vaeyadaaniki anumatinchinanduna, hakkunu vistarinchadam samarthaneeyamani vaadistuu "dhi times off india" kosam aame oka vyaasam raasaaru. edemaina, soutbaro kamitee mahilalaku ootu hakkunu cherchadaanni kooda tiraskarinchindi mariyu vaari sifaarsulanu house off lards und commons yokka ummadi empika kamiteeki pampindi. ummadi kamiteeki ootu hakkuku anukuulamgaa kesunu samarpinchadaaniki inglaandku velladaaniki bambe ootu hakku kamitee tatanu empika chesindi.
ootu hakku kosam vaadananu dhruveekarinchadaaniki oka nivedikanu sankalanam chestu, tata mariyu aame kumarte mithan prabhutvaaniki rendu pradarsanalu icchaaru mariyu vaari prayojanam kosam maddatu pondadaaniki prayatninchadaaniki desavyaaptamgaa paryatinchaaru. aame vividha patrikalalo kathanaalanu prachurinchindi mariyu matladindi, bhaarata karyalayanni aamodaalato nimpadaaniki vyaktulu mariyu samsthalanu prerepinchindi. mahilalaku puurti ootu hakkunu chaerchadaaniki samskarana chattanni prabhaavitam cheyalekapoyinappatiki, tudi billu bhaarata praavinsulu mahilalu enchukunte vaariki ootu hakkunu kalpinchadaaniki nibandhanalanu anumatinchindi. okasari inglandlo, tata mariyu aame kumarte london school off economicslo courselalo cheraaru mariyu 1924 varaku konasagaru. aame thana bhartha pramaadamloo gayapadi, aame samrakshana avasaramayye varaku oating hakkulu mariyu pillalanu rakshinche chattam kosam pani konasaaginchindi. tata 1941loe maraninchaadu mariyu bhaaratadesamlo ootu kosam prarambha poraatamlo pramukha ootu hakkudaarugaa gurthunchukobaddadu.
prarambha jeevitam.
aaa samayamlo british raaj loe unna bombaayilo 1879loe herabai janminchaaru. padahaaru samvatsaraala vayassulo, aame oka vastra millulo udyogi ayina ardeshir bejonji tatanu vivaham chesukundi. aaa kutumbam paarseelu. 1898 marchi 2naa eee janta kumarte mithan maharashtralo janminchindi. vaaru ventane nagpur sameepamloni phulgavku vellaaru, akkada ardeshir oka vastra millulo sahayaka nethagaa panicheesaaru. athanu mahilaa vidyapai thana aalochanalalo pragatiseelamgaa undevaadu mariyu aame vidyanu konasaginchalane korikalo tataku sahayam cheyadaaniki upaadhyaayulanu niyaminchukunnaadu. ahmadabadloni oka millulo udyogam sweekarinchina aaa kutumbam 1913 varaku akkade undipoyindi, appudu vaaru bombayiki makaam marcharu, akkada ardeshir oka pedda vastra milluku managerga maararu.
kriyaaseelata.
prarambha kriyaaseelata.
1909loe, herabai daivasaastrampai aasakti kanabarichi, adayar, madraasaalu, benaralalo samavesalaku haajaru kavadam praarambhinchindi. benaraslo jarigina 1912 samavesamlo, aame 1908loe theosophical society adayar adhyakshuraalaina anee besentnu kalusukunnaru. 1911loe, thana kumarteto kalisi kaashmeerlo selavulu gaduputunnappudu, tata ootu hakku viniyogadaaru sofiya dupleep singnu kalisaaru. eee prayojanam patla aame utsaahamto aakarshitudai, taruvaata singh pampina saahityaanni chadivina taruvaata, tata mahilala ootu hakku kosam poraatamlo churukuga maarindi. 1916loe, bhaarata swaparipaalana gurinchi charchalu peragadam prarambhamayyayi mariyu maantaagu parisoedhanalu prarambhamayyayi. british adhikaram yokka parimita raajakeeya pampineepai abhiprayanni koorutuu bharatadesa videsanga karyadarshi edwin montagu mariyu bhaarata vaisray lard chamesford deshaaniki vellaaru.
1917loe, margaret daayaadulu prabhutva vidhananni prabhaavitam cheyadaaniki mahilala kosam oka vahananni roopondinchadaaniki adayar loe umens indian association nuu sthaapinchaaru. besent mariyu tata iddaroo itara mahilalatho paatu vyavasthaapaka sabhyulu. besent adhyakshudiga panicheesaaru mariyu tatanu samstha pradhana kaaryadarsigaa niyaminchaaru. mahilala raajakeeya demandlanu samarpinchadaaniki daayaadulu montagutho prekshakulanu surakshitam chesaaru. 1917 december 15naa, bhaarata prabhutvam abhivruddhi chestunna kotta ootu hakku billulo mahilala ootu hakkunu chaerchaalani pilupunichenduku sarojini nayudu bharatadesam nalumoolala nundi 14 mandhi pramukha mahilala pratinidhini niyaminchaaru. pratinidhula brundamlo bhaagamgaa, taata mahilalanu "prajalu" gaa chaerchaalani, vaaru vidaeseeyulu, pillalu ledhaa verrivallala ootu veyadaanni nishedhinchavaddani udvegabharitamaina abhyardhana chesaaru.
vaari prayatnaalu unnappatikee, 1918loe maantaagu-chamesford samskaranalu pravesapettinappudu mahilala ootu hakku kosam etuvanti sifaarsu cheyaledu. ootu hakkulu korukunevaru petitionlanu siddham chesi, vaatini saasanasabhalu mariyu samavesalaku samarpinchi, britanku vyatiraekamgaa valasarajyala vyatiraeka udyamamlo bhaagamgaa mahilala raajakeeya saadhikaarataku maddatunu koorutuu "stridharma" loe poraatam gurinchi naveekaranalanu prachurinchaaru. eee prakriya yokka tadupari dasagaa, maantaagu-chamesford samskaranalanu amalu cheyadaaniki ennikala nibandhanalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki soutbaro franchise kamiteeni erpaatu chesaaru. 1919 eprillo jaarii chesina vaari nivedika kooda mahilala ootu hakkutho sahaa tiraskarinchindi, endukante sampradaayavaada samajam dheeniki vyatiraekamgaa untundani vaaru bhaavinchaaru. mahilalu ippatike bombai purapalaka ennikalaloo ootu veyagalarani, otunu podiginchadam kotta aalochana kaadani vaadistuu, tata juunloo "dhi times off india" loe mahilala ootu hakku kosam thana hetubaddhatanu prachurinchindi. joolailo bombaayilooni mahilalu oka nirasana samavesanni nirvahinchaaru, indulo tata matladaru. lard soutbaro thana nivedikanu house off lards und commons yokka joint select kamiteeki pampinappudu, mahilaa ootu hakkupai bambe kamitee surr shankaran naayartho paatu sakshyam ivvadaaniki tata mariyu aame kumarte mithanlanu pampaalani nirnayinchindi.
inglaandku taralinchandi.
tata limited andinchina nidhulatho bambe ootu hakku kamitee eee paryatanaku nidhulu samakuurchindi, conny kharchulanni cover kaananduna, tata bhartha ardeshir, aamenu vellamani prothsahinchi, avasaramaina migilina nidhulanu andinchaadu. eee prayojanam kosam vaari maddatunu pondadaaniki aame vistruta shreni samsthalalo prabhaavavantamaina vyaktulaku lekha rasindi mariyu karyakramalalo churukaina vaktagaa undedi. mahilalaku ootu hakku kalpinchadaaniki tama kesunu dhruveekarinchadaaniki talli mariyu kumarte mahilala ootu hakkupai aneka nivedikalanu sankalanam chesaaru. augustulo besent mariyu naidu ootu hakku kosam abhyardhanalanu samarpinchaaru. 1919 septembarulo tata bhaarata kaaryaalayaaniki "mahilalaku enduku otlu undaali" anae memorandamnu samarpinchaaru. inglandlo unnappudu, tatalu british ootu hakkudaarudi vividha bahiranga samavesalu mariyu karyakramalalo prasanginchaaru, itara mahilala maddatunu pondadaaniki "birkenhead, bolton, edinberg, glassgo, harogate, liverpool, manchester mariyu nucosil" kuu prayaaninchaaru. vaaru tama abhyardhanalalo chaalaa vijayavantamayyaaru, dheeni phalitamgaa bhaaratadesamlo mahilala ootu hakkuku maddatu ichhe teermaanaalato bhaarata karyalayam munigipoyindi. aame mahilaa ootu hakkupai bambe kamitee chhairman jaiji petitku kooda kramam tappakunda correspondence pampindi. tata mariyu aame kumarte october 13naa joint select kamitee mundu rendava pradarsanalo palgonnaru. 1919 decemberlo billu tudi patanam kosam kooda vaaru hajarayyaru, indulo bhaarata praavinsulu mahilalu ootu hakku pondaalani enchukunte vaariki ootu hakku kalpinchavacchane nibandhana kooda undhi.
modatlo samvatsaram chivari varaku undataaniki pranaalika vesukunna tata mariyu aame kumarte london school off economicslo post graduate studiesku mithan aamodinchabadinappudu inglandlone undaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru. tata kooda paatasaalalo cheraadu mariyu aame degree pondakapoyinappatiki, aame 1919 mariyu 1922 madhya paripalana, aardhika shaastram mariyu saamaajika saastramlo korsulu chesindi. inglandlo unna samayamlo, mahilala raajakeeya gurtimpuku maddatunu pempondinchadaaniki tata churukuga panicheesaaru. aame "dhi ootu" mariyu "united india" vanti vividha patrikalalo kathanaalanu prachurinchindi. 1920loe prachurinchabadina oka vyaasam aame british valasavaadamtoe poradatam ledani, vaari valasavaadula sahayam koorutunnaarani aaropinchinappudu, "yuva bharatadesam" nundi vimarsalanu edurkonnanduna eee karyakalapalu bhaaratadesamlo ellappuduu prasamsimchabadalaedu. aaa samvatsaram, switzerlandloni geneevaalo jarigina antarjaateeya mahilaa ootu hakku kootami (ii. doubleu. ess. yea) yokka 8va congresslo aame palgonnaru. 1923loe, aame romlo jarigina 9va ivasa congressku pratinidhulugaa unnaaru. ennika kakapoyinappatiki, tatanu antarjaateeya boardu sabhyudiga pratipaadinchaaru, idhi modatisaarigaa bharatiya mahilalu samsthalo paripalana sthaanaalaku arhata pondaaru.
tirigi bharatadesaniki.
1924loe tata, aame kumarte bharatadesaniki tirigi vacchaaru. aaa samvatsaram, pillala kosam pendinglo unna billupai input andinchadaaniki aame vividha mahilaa samuuhaalatoe bahiranga samavesanni nirvahinchindi. eee chattanni roopondinchadamlo mahilalanu paalgonadaaniki anumatinchadam, "oka ammayini anaitikamgaa balavantam chesinanduku" jarimaanaalanu penchadam, purushulatho samanamga mahilalanu tallidandrulugaa gurtinchadam mariyu pillala kortulalo mahilaa nyayaadhikaarulanu niyaminchadam vanti suuchanalu prabhutvaaniki pampabaddayi.
1925loe, national council off umen inn india (enn. sii. vii. ii) erpadinappudu, tata thana kumarte mithantho kalisi cheraaru. ardeshir thana drushtini kolpovadaniki kaaranamaina gaayam, aame athani samrakshakudigaa maarinanduna, aame gatamlo unnatlugaa churukuga palgone saamarthyaanni tagginchindi.
maranam mariyu vaarasatvam.
tata 1941loe maraninchindi. aame vaarasatvamlo ekkuva bhaagam aame prasiddha kumarte kappivesindi, conny rachayitri mariyu kaaryakarta reetaa benerjea bhaaratadesamlo ootu hakku kosam poraatamlo pradhana vyaktulalo okaru anie annaru. charitraku chendina vishishta bodhanaa professor mariyu osvegoloni state university off newyorkloni mahilaa adhyayanala vibhagam director ayina geraldine forbes, bhaaratadesamlo mahilala ootu hakku kosam jarigina prachaaramlo tatanu "nijamaina sainikudu" anie pilicharu.

