purushudu

purushudu (sanketamh) anedi veeryakanamgaa piluvabade gamet (laingika kanam) nuu utpatti chese jeevi yokka lingam, idhi phaladeekarana prakriyaloo pedda aada gamet ledhaa andaasayamtho kalisipotundi.
oka purushudu jeevi stree nundi kaneesam oka andaasayaanni pondakunda laingikamgaa punarutpatti cheyaledu, conny konni jeevulu laingikamgaa mariyu alaingikamgaa punarutpatti cheyagalavu. maga maanavulato sahaa chaalaa maga ksheeradaalu, vai chromosomenu kaligi untaayi, idhi maga punarutpatti avayavalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki pedda mottamlo testosterone utpattini suuchistumdi.
maanavulalo, "maga" anae padaanni linga paatra ledhaa linga gurtimpu yokka saamaajika konamlo lingaanni suuchimchadaaniki kooda upayoginchavacchu. lingam mariyu lingaaniki sambandhinchi "maga" vadakam charchaku lobadi undhi.
sameeksha.
ververu lingaala uniki ververu samayaallo mariyu ververu vamsaalaloo swatantramgaa abhivruddhi chendindi, idhi convergent evalutionku oka udaaharana. punaraavruta namuunaa anedi oke roopam mariyu pravartana (conny paramaanu sthaayilo bhinnamgaa) gala rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva sambhoga rakaalato kuudina isogamous jaatulalo laingika punarutpatti, indulo maga mariyu aada jaatula gametlatho kuudina anisogamous jaatulaku aada gamet maga kante chaalaa peddadi mariyu kadalagala saamarthyam ledhu. laingika punarutpattiki avasaramaina vidhamgaa rendu gametlu kalise yantraamgaalapai bhouthika parimitula dwara eee namuunaa nadapabadindani manchi vaadana undhi.
tadanugunamgaa, jaatula antataa lingam utpatti cheyabadina gametla rakam dwara nirvachinchabadutundi (i.ii.: spermatozova verses ovaa) mariyu oka vamsamlo maga mariyu aada madhya thedaalu ellappuduu maroka vamsamlo thedaalanu anchanaa veyavu.
vividha lingaala jeevulu ledhaa punarutpaadaka avayavaala madhya maga/aada dviruupata jantuvulaku matrame parimitam kaadu; maga gametlu chitrids, diatumlu mariyu bhoomi mokkala dwara utpatti cheyabadataayi. bhoomi mokkalalooni "aada" mariyu "maga" anevi aada mariyu maga gamet utpatti chese jeevulu mariyu nirmaanaalanu matrame kakunda maga mariyu aada mokkalaku daariteese sporophytela nirmaanaalanu kooda suuchistaayi.
parinaamam.
anisogami yokka parinaamam purushudu mariyu stree paniteeru yokka parinaamaaniki daariteesindi. anisogami parinaamaaniki mundu, oka jaatilo sambhoga rakalu samalinga samparkamgaa undevi oke parimaanam mariyu rendoo kadulutaayi, "+" ledhaa "-" rakaluga matrame jabita cheyabadataayi. anisogamilo, sambhoga rakanni gaymate antaaru. maga gaymate aada gaymate kante chinnadi, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa kadiledi. daani aavirbhaavaaniki shilaja recordulu lenanduna, aneesogami sarigga ardham kaaledu. aneesogami enduku udbhavinchindi anae daanipai aneka siddhaantaalu unnaayi. chaalaa mandhi oka saadhaarana daaraanni panchukuntaaru, pedda aada gametlu manugada saaginche avakaasam ekkuvagaa untundi, mariyu chinna maga gametlu itara gametlanu kanugone avakaasam ekkuvagaa untundi endukante avi vaegamgaa prayaaninchagalavu. prastuta namuunaalu konni jaatulalo aisogami enduku migili undho tarachugaa lekkinchadamlo viphalamavutaayi. aisogami nundi anekasaarlu anisogami udbhavinchinatlu kanipistundi; udaaharanaku, aada valvocales (oka rakamaina aakupaccha algay) plus sambhoga rakam nundi udbhavinchindi. kaneesam 1.2 billion samvatsaraala kritam laingika parinaamam udbhavinchinappatikii, anasogamous shilaja recordula korata magavaaru eppudu abhivruddhi chendaro gurtinchadam kashtataram chestundi. oka siddhaantam purushulu aadhipatya samyoga rakam nundi udbhavinchaarani suuchistumdi (samyoga rakam mainus anie pilustaaru).
chihnam mariyu upayogam.
chihnam.
purusha lingaanni suuchimchadaaniki upayoginche saadhaarana chihnam maars chihnam, eshaanya disagaa baanam unna vruttam. unicode code-point
eee chihnam maars yokka graha chihnaniki samanamga untundi. dheenini mottamodata mottamodata carle linnius dwara laingikatanu suuchimchadaaniki upayoginchaaru. eee chihnanni konnisaarlu roman devudu maars yokka kavacham mariyu eete yokka saileekruta praatinidhyamgaa chuustaaru. vilium tii prakaram. ayithe, eee utpannam "kaalpanikamainadi" mariyu anni chaaritraka aadharalu "french shaastreeya panditudu claud dii soumais (salmasius, 1588-1683) yokka mugimpuku anukuulamgaa unnaayi, idhi" θρ "nundi udbhavinchindi, idhi maars grahaniki greeku paeru yokka sankocham, idhi" thoros ".
vadakam.
maanavulalo, "maga" anae padaanni lingam vishayamlo upayoginchavacchu, udaaharanaku linga paatra ledhaa purushudu ledhaa baludi linga gurtimpu kosam. udaaharanaku, merrium-webster prakaram, "maga" anedi "aadavaariki vyatiraekamaina linga gurtimpunu kaligi undatam" anie suuchimchavachchu. cambridge nighantuvu prakaram, "maga" antey "purushulaku chendinadi ledhaa sambandham kaligi untundi" anie ardham.
"maga" anedi connectorla aakaraanni kooda suuchimchavachchu.
jaatula antataa maga.
aada mariyu magaga vibhajinchabadina jaatulu jantuvulalo gonocoricga, vittana mokkalalo diosiusga mariyu cryptogamlalo dioykasga vargeekarinchabaddaayi.
purushulu hermaphrodites thoo sahajeevanam cheyavachu, idhi androdioce anie piluvabade laingika vyavastha. vaaru streelu mariyu hermaphroditelatho kooda sahajeevanam cheyavachu, idhi trayam anie piluvabade laingika vyavastha.
linga nirdhaarana.
oka nirdishta jeevi yokka lingam aneka kaarakaala dwara nirnayinchabadutundi. ivi janyu ledhaa paryaavaranam kaavacchu, ledhaa oka jeevi yokka jeevita kaalamlo sahajamgaa maaravacchu. chaalaa jaatulaku rendu lingaalu matrame unnappatikee (maga ledhaa aada), purugulu vanti hermaphroditic jantuvulaku maga mariyu aada punarutpaadaka avayavalu rendoo untaayi.
anni jaatulu oka saadhaarana linga-nirdhaarana vyavasthanu panchukovu. maanavulato sahaa chaalaa jantuvulalo, lingam janyuparamgaa nirnayinchabadutundi; ayithe, "saimotova exigua" vanti jaatulu sameepamlo unna aadavaalla sankhyanu batti lingaanni maarustaayi.
janyu nirdhaarana.
maanavulato sahaa chaalaa ksheeradaalu janyuparamgaa xy linga-nirdhaarana vyavastha dwara nirnayinchabadataayi, ikkada magavaariki xy (xx kuu viruddhamgaa) linga chromosome untundi. maanavulato sahaa vividha jaatulalo kooda purushulu ledhaa itara caryotypes kaligi undatam saadhyame. punarutpatti samayamlo, purushudu x veeryaanni ledhaa y veeryaanni ivvagaladu, ayithe stree x guddu matrame ivvagaladu. oka y veeryamu mariyu oka x guddu magavaarini utpatti chestaayi, ayithe oka x veeryamu mariyu oka x guddu aadavaarini utpatti chestaayi.
vai-chromosome yokka vai-chromosome yokka bhaagam, idhi vai-chromosome yokka linga-nirnaya praantam, idhi. sri sri sakriyam chestundi, idhi gonadlalo udaaharanaku mariyu mariyu thoo feed forward looplanu yerparustundi, eee janyuvula sthaayilu maga abhivruddhiki kaaranamayye vidhamgaa taginantagaa undataaniki anumatistundi; udaaharanaku, udaaharanaku spermatic teegala abhivruddhiki mariyu sertoli kanaala gunakaaraaniki baadhyata vahistundi, eee rendoo maga laingika abhivruddhiki keelakam.
purushulu jedged (jedged) linga chromosome kaligi unna jedged linga-nirdhaarana vyavastha, pakshulu mariyu konni keetakaalu (ekkuvagaa seethaakokachilukalu mariyu chimmatalu) mariyu itara jeevulalo kanipinchavacchu. cheemalu mariyu theneteegalu vanti hymenoptera purugula kramam yokka sabhyulu tarachugaa haplodiploidae dwara nirnayinchabadataaru, ikkada chaalaa mandhi magavaaru haploid mariyu aadavaru mariyu kontamandi sterile magavaaru diploid. ayithe, "cataglyphis karsar" vanti konni jaatulalo saaravantamaina dvigunita maga maga ippatikee kanipinchavacchu.
paryaavarana nirnayam.
mosallu vanti konni sareesrupaala jaatulalo, guddu podige ushnograta dwara lingam nirnayinchabadutundi. konni nattalu vanti itara jaatulu, linga maarpunu abhyasistaayih peddalu magavaadini praarambhinchi, taruvaata aadaga maarataaru. ushnamandala viduushakudaina chepalalo, oka samuuhamloo aadhipatya vyakti aadaga maarutundi, migilinavi magavi.
aneka aarthropodlalo, lingam anedi "volbachia" jaatiki chendina paraannajeevi, endosymbiotic bacteriatho sankraminchadam dwara nirnayinchabadutundi. bacterium sokina andaa dwara matrame vyaapistundi, mariyu stree laingika saadhyata kosam tappanisari endoparasite uniki avasaram kaavacchu.
dviteeya linga lakshanaalu.
maga jantuvulu tama aarogyaanni soochinche lakshanaalanu pradarsinche maargamgaa dviteeya laingika lakshanaalanu upayoginchadaaniki abhivruddhi chendaayi. eee lakshanaala abhivruddhi venuka unna chodaka shakti laingika empika anie nammutaaru. saareeraka parimaanamlo thedaalu mariyu laingika empika yokka avasaralanu teerchagala saamarthyam prati jaatilo dviteeya linga lakshanaala phalitaaniki gananeeyamgaa dohadapaddayi.
aneka jaatulalo, purushulu kevalam veerya utpatti kante ekkuva margallo streela nundi bhinnamgaa untaaru. udaaharanaku, konni keetakaalu mariyu chepalalo, maga purushudu aada kante chinnadigaa untundi. vittana mokkalalo, oke jeevi yokka sporophyte laingika avayavam maga mariyu aada bhaagaalanu kaligi untundi. 
maanavulato sahaa ksheeradaalalo, magavi saadhaaranamgaa aada vaati kante peddavigaa untaayi. sambhoga avakaasaalanu geluchukovadaaniki maga ksheeradaalu saareerakamgaa balamgaa mariyu marinta poteegaa undaalsina avasaram dheeniki tarachugaa aapaadinchabadutundi. maanavulalo, mukhyamgaa, magavaarilo aadavari kante ekkuva shareera juttu mariyu kandara dravyarashi untundi.
pakshulu tarachugaa aadavaarini aakarshinche rangurangula eekalu pradarsistaayi. aada pakshula kante maga pakshulu ekkuva saktivantamaina rangulanu pradarsinche aneka jaatula pakshulaku idhi vartistundi, tadwara avi sambhaavya sahacharulaku marinta gurtinchadaginavigaa untaayi. eee lakshanaalanu pradarsinchina purushulu sahacharulanu aakarshinchadamlo mariyu vaari janyuvulanu daatadamlo marinta vijayavantamainanduna, eee lakshanaalu laingika empika phalitamgaa kalakramena abhivruddhi chendaayi.

