
nerine

nerine (nerines, goornsey lillie, jersey lillie, spider lillie) anedi amarilidaceae kutumbaaniki chendina pushpinche mokkala jaathi, idhi amarilidode upakutumbam. avi gaddakatte shaashwata mokkalu, konni nityaharita, raathi mariyu shushka aavasaalato mudipadi untaayi. avi telupu nundi gulabi nundi crimson varaku rangulalo lillie lanty puvvula golaakaara godugulanu kaligi untaayi. akuralche jaatula vishayamlo, aakulu abhivruddhi chendadaaniki mundu puvvulu nagna kaandam meeda kanipinchavacchu. dakshina africaku chendina eee jaatilo sumaru 20-30 jaatulu unnaayi. lillies gaa varninchabadinappatikii, avi nijamaina lillies (liliacy) thoo gananeeyamgaa sambandham kaligi undavu, conny vaati bandhuvulanu, "amarillis" mariyu "lycoris" nuu marinta daggaragaa pooli untaayi. eee jaatini revd sthaapinchaaru. 1820loe vilium herbert.
nerinlanu prapanchavyaaptamgaa vistrutamgaa saagu chesi, chaalaa sankaramgaa chesaaru, mukhyamgaa "nerine bodeni", enn. masoniorum, "enn. sarneensis "mariyu" enn. undulata (gatamlo "enn" gaa piluvabadedi. flexusa "). hybrid saagu 'utsaaha diggajam' raayal horticultural society yokka garden merrit avaardunu pondindi. itara 20 jaatulalo chaalaa varaku arudugaa saagu cheyabadataayi mariyu vaati jeevasaastraaniki sambandhinchi chaalaa takkuva telusu. aneka jaatulu vaati aavasala nashtam ledhaa ksheenata kaaranamgaa antarinchipoye pramaadam undhi.
vivarana.
nerine" jaatulu mulika shaashwata gaddakatte pushpinche mokkalu. akuralche jaatula vishayamlo, aakulu abhivruddhi chendadaaniki mundu (histeranti) pushpinche kaandam meeda pushpinchedi kanipinchavacchu, lekapothe avi puvvulatho (sinanthi) ledhaa taruvaata kalisi kanipistaayi.
gaddalu chinna meda kaligi undavacchu, conny idhi itara jaatulalo undadu. aakulu ("n" loe vale) philapham (daaram lantivi) gaa untaayi. philipholia "; chitram 1d) sarala mariyu chadunaina mariyu patti aakaaramlo (" n "loe vale. humilis "; chitram 2sii). vaati puvvulu, ivi konni, ghana aaku laeni kaandam (scapelu ledhaa pedunkles) paie golaakaara godugulalo pudataaru. kaandam sannaga ledhaa drudhamgaa undavacchu, mariyu arudugaa suukshmamgaa yuktavayassu (ventrukalu), pushpinche chuttoo rendu lansalate (lans aakaaramlo) spath-walves (spatal bracts) untaayi. pedicals (puula kaandaalu) merise (ventrukalu) ledhaa mruduvainavi kaavacchu, idhi vibhina jaatulalo upayoginche lakshanam.
vyaktigata puvvulu lillie lantivi, saadhaaranamgaa jaigomarphic (oka samaruupata samatalamtho) periyamtho untaayi, conny actinomorphic (radial cemetrical ledhaa "regular") kaavacchu. prati puvvu saadhaaranamgaa oka chinna podiginchina ledhaa punaraavruta periyant tube thoo, aaru irukaina telupu, gulabi ledhaa erupu tepauls (periyant vibhagalu) thoo koodi tubenu yerparustundi. tepauls yokka uchita bhagalu saadhaaranamgaa sannaga (konaku sameepamlo vedalpugaa) mariyu mettati (girajaala) anchulatho alumukunnavi (alala) untaayi.
aaru kesaraalu ksheeninchi (vakramgaa) ledhaa nitaruga undavacchu, asamanamga untaayi mariyu taples yokka bays loki choppinchabadataayi mariyu vaati bays vadda conate (fuse cheyabadataayi), tarachugaa puvvu nundi poduchuku vastaayi. pundu tantuvulu sannaga mariyu firfomga untaayi, conny vaati bays vadda appendiculate (baring appendezlu) kaavacchu, idhi jaatula bhedamlo kooda mukhyamaina lakshanam. vaati aanetharlu bahumukhamainavi (swechchagaa oogutaayi) mariyu deerghachaturasraakaaramlo untaayi mariyu venukavaipu unna philamentku (dorsifix) jodinchabadataayi. puppodi anedi baisulket (rendu podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podavaina podava
diguva andaasayamloo subglobose (koddigaa chadunaina golam) mariyu trikonamiti (moodu-lobe ledhaa moodu locules), prati loculuslo okati nundi naalugu andaasayaalu untaayi. shaili saralamgaa, nitaruga ledhaa ksheenistundi mariyu aspashtamgaa tricispidate (moodu anchulu) stigmatose epex kaligi untundi. eee pandu oka subglobose dry loculicidal dehicent capsule, idhi globose nundi andakaram, erupu-aakupaccha mariyu tarachugaa viviparas (vaeru cheyadaaniki mundu abhivruddhi chendadam praarambhamavutundi) ayina oka loculusku okati mariyu konni vittanaalanu utpatti chestundi.
chromosome sankhyah 11 (2n = 22), conny arudugaa 2n = 24 ledhaa triploids.
vargeekarana.
charitra.
modati vivarana 1635loe french vrukshashaastragnudu jackwess-philippe carnut chae cheyabadindi, athanu "norsesus japonicus rutilo floor" ("enn. surninces), paris narsariman, zeane morin thotalo athanu october 1634loe kanugonna mokka. 1680loe scottish vrukshashaastragnudu robbert morrison japan nundi vacchina oka ravaanaanu odduku kottukupoyinatlugaa vivarinchaadu. 1725loe james douglus fraas thana "eah discription off dhi goornsey lillie" loe oka kathanaanni prachurinchaadu, idhi appudu telisinadi. douglus dheeniki latin paeru "lilio-norsesus surninces saradrutuvu florence" anie icchaadu. 1753loe douglus vadakam taruvaata, linneus eee jaatiki ketaayinchina tommidi jaatulalo okataina dheenini "amarillis surninces" anie pilichadu.
1755loe lorenz hester icchina "imhofia" anae paeru eee jaatiki mottamodata prachurinchabadindi. 1820loe vilium herbert prachurinchina "nerine" anae paeru vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadindi, phalitamgaa "nerine" anae paerunu parirakshinchi, "imhofia" ("nome") anae paerunu tiraskarinchaalani nirnayam teesukunnaru. rez."). herbert kuu 1820loe praarambhamlo hester yokka pani gurinchi teliyadu, conny hester daanini nirvachinchaledani mariyu daanini sweekarinchaledani paerkontuu, paerunu "amarillis marginetaku" badilee chesi, "enn" kosam "nerine" nuu nilupukunnaru. surninces "mariyu" a "anie paeru marchadam. marginata "imhofia marginata" (ippudu "brunsvigia marginata").
linneus "amarillis" kinda cherchina aneka vibhina jaatulanu vidadeeyadamlo herbert pradhana paatra pooshinchaaru. herbert akkada "nerine roja" gurinchi vivarinchinappatikii, athanu daanini "enn" nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki prayatninchaadu. surninces, "modatidi ippudu aamodinchabadina paeru ayina rendodaaniki paryaayapadamgaa aamodinchabadindi. herbert eee vanadevatala paerunu "nerine surninces" anae jaatiki modati jaatiki enchukunnappudu, eee dakshina african jaathi aangla chaanelloni gernsey dveepaaniki elaa vachindane kathanu suuchimchaadu. netherlands kosam uddesinchina eee jaathi balbula pettelanu mosukelle ooda goornseelo ooda koolipoyindani chebutaaru. dveepaalalo gaddala pettelu kottukupoyayi mariyu gaddalu sthirapadi teeram chuttoo guninchaayi. herbert chivariki tommidi jaatulanu gurtinchaadu. aaa samayamlo dii candole (1813) vargeekarananu anusarinchi, "amarillis" (mariyu anduvalla "nerine") nuu amarillidae kutumbamlo unchaaru. herbert yokka pradhana aasaktulu amarilids vargeekaranalo unnaayi, 1837loe dheeni meeda oka monographnu prachurinchaaru, amarilidaenu amarilidasi yokka edu upasrenulalo okatigaa pariganinchaaru. aaa taruvaata athanu eee upavargaanni samuhaluga upavibhajana chesi, nerine mariyu amarillisnu pannendu itara jaatulato kalisi amarilidiformlalo unchaadu. nerine patla thana vistrutamaina chikitsalo athanu gurtinchina tommidi jaatulanu rendu vibhagaluga vibhajinchaadu, "regulares" mariyu "distorte", veetilo "enn" matrame. humilis "mariyu" enn. undulata" ippatikee upayogamlo unnaayi. athanu oka santanotpatti karyakramanni kooda praarambhinchaadu mariyu taanu penchina edu sankara jaatulanu vivarinchaadu. eee jaathi patla ayanakunna utsaaham spashtamgaa kanapadutundi, athanu thana sankara jaatulalo okataina "enn" thoo pustakam mundu bhaganni vivarinchadaaniki enchukunnadu. mitchamia "(drushtaantam chudandi).
kotta jaatula gurinchi varninchadam konasaagindi, tadwara 1967loe trob thana monographnu prachurinche samayaniki, athanu 30 jaatulanu gurtinchaadu. norris (1974) mariyu dunken (2002) thoo sahaa itara rachayitalu varusaga 31 mariyu 25 jaatulanu gurtinchaaru. oka dasalo 53 jaatulu varninchabaddaayi. 33 lakshanaalu mariyu chromosome sankhya yokka claudistic vislaeshanhanu upayoginchina snizmann mariyu linder (1996), dheenini 23kii tagginchi, eee jaatulalo chaalaa vaatini vaividhya sthithiki ketaayinchaaru. vaaru "nairin" nuu ksheeninchina tepal mariyu sphutamaina anchulatho kuudina jaigomarphic puvvula dwara vargeekarinchabadindani bhaavinchaaru.
phylogeny.
epiji IV vyavastha (2016) loe, "nerine" jaathi vistrutamgaa nirvachinchabadina kutumbamaina amarilidasi yokka amarilidoidae upakutumbamlo unchabadindi. upakutumbamlo, "nerine" dakshina african tega amarillidae loe unchabadindi. amarillidae yokka phylogenetic sambandhaalanu dna yokka paramaanu vislaeshanha dwara padanirmaana detatho kalipi parisoedhimchaaru. eee claudistic vislaeshanha "nerine" anedi upa-tega strumarinenu yerparustunna monophilatic samuuhaaniki chendinadani niroopinchindi. eee vamsamlooni sabhyulu andaruu dakshinaafrikaa nundi udbhavinchaaru mariyu tarachugaa prostate aakulu, fused kesaraalu, puvvu yokka adugu vaipu oka gottanni yerparustaayi, dehicent pandlu mariyu baga abhivruddhi chendina vittana kotu mariyu chlorophyll thoo vittanaalu untaayi. strumarine lopala, "nerine" anedi "brunsvigia" dopideeki chaalaa daggari sambandham kaligi untundi., namakwanula dii. & yuu. mallie.-doblis mariyu "hessie" moolikalu.
eee claudogram loe unnatlugaa strumarine yokka jaatulu, prati jaatilo jaatula sankhya (kundaleekaranaalu) thoo sambandham kaligi untayih
upavibhaagam.
padanirmaana lakshanaala aadhaaramgaa oka infrageneric vargeekarananu (trob yokka naalugu vibhagalu mariyu norris yokka pannendu samuuhaala vantivi) utpatti chese prayatnaalu matrame stammen philaments yokka sthaavaraalaku anubandhaala uniki, andaasayampai ventrukala uniki, scape mariyu pedicals, periyant vibhagala aakaram mariyu amarikatho kalisi aadharapadi untaayi. trob eee jaatini naalugu upajanarik vibhagaluga vibhajinchindi, "nerine", "laticoma", "bodenia" mariyu "apendiculata". udaaharanaku, "laticoma" yokka aaru vargeekaranalu, spashtamgaa anubandham laeni ledhaa bays vadda savarinchani tantuvula aadhaaramgaa vargeekarinchabaddaayi mariyu saapekshamgaa chinnavi mariyu drudamaina scapelu.
eee jaathi yokka aadhunika avagahana chaalaa varaku graham dunken mariyu sahacharulu sanbi, kirstenbosh vadda chesina pani nundi vachindi. 2002loe dunken moodu vibhina namuunaalatoe vruddhi chakram dwara "nerine" jaatulanu vargeekarinchindi. "nerine" jaatulu nityaharita ledhaa aakuraalchevi kaavacchu, akuralche jaatulu sheethaakaalamlo ledhaa vesavilo perugutaayi. johnnefeld mariyu dunken (2006) 23 jaatula nundi 81 praveshaalalo flow cytometry dwara anhu DNA mottam mottaanni pariseelinchaaru. eee jaatulanu dna content dwara amarchinapudu, aidu samuuhaalu (eah-ii) spashtamgaa kanipinchaayi, ivi perugudala chakram mariyu aaku vedalputho sambandham kaligi unnaayi, conny itara lakshanaalalo rendu matrame (filament anubandhalu mariyu ventrukala pedicals). trob yokka vibhagalu dhruvikarinchabadaledu, ayinappatikee norris samuuhaalatoe konchem merugaina oppandam kanugonabadindi. aaku vedalpu irukaina (1-4 mimi) ledhaa vedalpu (6-37 mimi) anae rendu pradhana samuhaluga padipoyindi. eee lakshanaalanu kalisi teesukunnappudu, vruddhi chakram aadhaaramgaa dunken yokka asalu moodu samuuhaalanu nirdhaaristundi.
veetilo modatidi eee samoohaalalo atipeddadi, dna samuuhaalu eah, bii mariyu sii kii anugunamgaa, 13 jaatulato, mariyu vesavi mariyu sheethaakaalamlo vaati akulanu nilupukune irukaina-aakulu gala satataharita nerinlanu kaligi untundi. avi prati kendrakaaniki athi takkuva mottamlo dna kaligi untaayi. rendava samuuham naalugu vistruta-aakulu gala akuralche siitaakaalapu perugutunna jaatulato dna samuuhaaniki anugunamgaa untundi. avi madhyantara mottamlo dnnu kaligi untaayi. moodava samuuham (dna group ii) aaru vistruta-aakulu gala vesavi perugutunna akuralche jaatulanu kaligi undhi, ivi sheethaakaalamlo aakulu kaligi undavu. vaatilo atyadhika mottamlo dna untundi. rendu vistruta-aakula samuuhaalu philamentus anubandhalu mariyu glabrus pedicals lekapovadam dwara kooda vaeru cheyabadataayi, ayithe rendu jaatulu pedicals meeda ventrukalanu kaligi untaayi, conny ivi suukshmamainavi ledhaa viralamainavi.
modati samuuhaanni (nityaharitaalu) appudu dna samuuhaalu eah, bii mariyu sii kii anugunamgaa moodu upa samuuhaalanu kaligi unnatlu pariganinchavacchu, conny itara lakshanaala dwara kooda. "enn. marinovitzi "anedi vesavilo perige conny irukaina aakulu gala oka bahya roopam. maroka avtlier "n". vesavi kaalam unnappatikee irukaina aakulu gala pusilla. "enn. duparketiana "konnisaarlu" enn "kuu paryaayapadamgaa pariganinchabadindi. latikama "conny ikkada jaatula sthithiki punaruddharinchabadindi. "enn. hattonia "anedi maroka jaathi, dheeni hodha vivadaspadamga undhi, conny ikkada (trob chesinatlugaa)" enn "yokka upajaatulugaa pariganinchabadutundi. laticoma, "oka sthithi taruvaata nirdhaarinchabadindi. rendu jaatula anumaanaaspada sthithini pondalekapoyaru, "enn. transvalensis "mariyu" enn. athanu "anie cheppadu.
padanirmaana shaastram, bhougolikam mariyu dna vishayaala aadhaaramgaa vaaru trob dwara pariganinchabade pedda sankhyalo upajaatulaku viruddhamgaa vaastavaaniki 23 jaatulu unnayani nirdhaarinchaaru.
jaatula jabita.
empika chesina mokkala kutumbaala prapancha checklist (wclspf) 24 jaatulanu mariyu mokkala jabita (tpl), 25nii gurtistundi (vyatyaasa vivarana kosam, gamanikalanu chudandi). wclspf aamodinchina mariyu erpaatu chesina "sensu" johnfeld & duncon "table 2" jaatulu
hybrids.
"telisina maatru jaatulato paatu "nerine" sankara jaatulu eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaih
konni "nerine" jaatulu "amarillis" jaatiki chendina sabhyulatho kuudina sankara jaatulanu utpatti cheyadaaniki upayoginchabaddaayi, ivi sankara jaatilo (nathogenous) × "amarine" loe cherchabaddaayi. eee sankara jaatulalo okati × "amarin tuber jeni", idhi "amarillis belladonna" mariyu "nerine bodeni" madhya cross nundi vastundi.
vyutpatti.
1820loe herbert dheeniki icchina jaathi paeru naavikulanu mariyu vaari noukalanu rakshinche greeku puraanaala yokka nerids (sea-nims) nundi vachindi. herbert punarujjeevanodyama kavitvamtho nauka shidhilaala nundi mokka odduku kottukupovadam gurinchi morrison yokka kathanaanni kalipi, camos yokka mahakavya padyam, "oos luciadas" loe oka nerrid dwara vasco daa gaama yokka oodanu rakshinchadaanni suuchistumdi. sthaanika bhaashalo "lillie" anae paerunu kaligi unnappatikee, "nerine" anedi lillie kutumbaaniki chendina nijamaina lillies ("lilium"), "lilisi", "sensu stricto" thoo matrame dhoora sambandhamunnadi. badulugaa avi amarillid lillie kutumbamlo unchabadina aneka jaatulalo okati, amarillidaceae, daggari sambandham unna "amarillis" mariyu "lycoris" vantivi. ivi okappudu liliacy "sensu laato" yokka chaalaa pedda nirmaanamloo bhaagamgaa undevi. spider lillie" anae paeru amarilidacelo aneka vibhina jaatulache panchukobadindi. udaaharanaku, "lycoris auria" nuu daani munupati paryaayapadamaina "nerine auria" kinda vikrayinchavacchu.
pampinhee mariyu aavasalu.
"nerine" dakshina africaku chendinavi, vaati pampinhee paridhi dakshina aafrikaaloni cape dveepakalpam nundi botswana, eswatini, lesotho, namibia nundi vaayuvya mariyu eshaanya dakshina africa varaku, dakshinaafrikaalooni mottam tommidi praavinsulanu aakraminchindi. (2006loe johnweld & dunken loe pampinhee patalanu chudandi). vaaru raathi, shushka mariyu madhya aavasalanu ishtapadataaru, mariyu chaalaa jaatulu vesavi varshapaata praantamloo kanipistaayi.
paryaavaranam.
"nerine" jaatulu moodu vibhina vruddhi namuunaalanu yerparustaayi, avi sheethaakaalam-perugutunna, vesavi-perugutunna mariyu satataharita jaatulu. puvvulu saadhaaranamgaa gulabi rangulo undagaa, erupu rangu anedi paraagasamparkam, seethaakokachiluka "aeropets tulbaghia" kuu anugunamgaa untundi.
parirakshana.
thoorpu cape provins nundi konni "nerine" jaatulu sahajamgaa arudugaa untaayi, conny avi takshaname antarinchipoye pramaadamloo unnatlu pariganinchabadavu. veetilo sheethaakaalamlo perugutunna jaatulu "enn. du toitscloof mariyu sonderend parvathaalalo mariyu vesavilo perugutunna pradaesaalaloo nivasinche pudika. merinkovitzi "idhi pakshika-shushka karoo praantam nundi udbhavinchindi.
dakshina aafrikaaloni vesavi varshapaatam unna praantaalaku chendina aneka satataharita nerine jaatulu vaati aavasala nashtam ledhaa ksheenata kaaranamgaa pramaadamloo unnaayi mariyu vaatilo kaneesam rendu ledhaa moodu antarinchipoye anchuna unnaayi. "nerine masoniorum" bahusha atyanta teevramaina muppuga undhi mariyu migili unna ekaika kaalanee aakraminchina praantaanni gruha nirmaanaaniki upayoginchinanduna idhi antarinchipoyi undavacchu. teevramgaa pramaadamloo unna maroka jaathi "enn. thoorpu cape provins nundi gibsoni "idhi perige gaddi bhoomulu margalu mariyu rahadaarula nirmaanam phalitamgaa adhika metha mariyu kotha kaaranamgaa teevramgaa debbatinnaayi. adanamgaa, eee jaathi chaalaa arudugaa vittanaalanu utpatti chestundi, endukante metha pasuvulu kanipinchina ventane puvvulanu tintaayi.
eee jaatula nundi antarinchipoye muppunu tagginchadaaniki vividha charyalu teesukobaddaayi. eee charyalalo okati, vaati saguku soulabhyam kaaranamgaa, "enn" yokka aneka janabha yokka "ex situ" parirakshana. philamentosa, "enn. gibsoni, "enn. n", "grassilis". hattonia "mariyu" enn. kirstenbosh botanical guardenlo masoniorum. maroka charya, eee samayamlo "inn situ" saguku sambandhinchinadi, prakruti nilvallooni konni jaatula adhikaarika rakshana, udaaharanaku "enn" kosam jarigindi. mpumalamgaaku dakshinaana platipetala.
gwarencylo, jaateeya puvvu "nerine surninces", mariyu nerinla dveepa sekarana jaateeya sekaranagaa mokkalu mariyu udyaanavanaala parirakshana kosam jaateeya mandaliche gurtimpunu korutondi.
saagu.
pantommidava sataabdam praarambhamlo vilium herbert panitho nerine yokka santanotpatti mariyu sankareekarana praarambhamaindi. eee jaatiki chendina aneka jaatulanu "enn" vanti alankaraluga saagu chestaaru. sarneensis, "enn. undulata ("enn. flexusa) mariyu nerine bodeni. "enn. surninces "bahusha, eee jaatiki chendina atyanta prasiddha jaathi mariyu idhi 17va sataabdam prarambham nundi airopalo saagu cheyabadutondi. "enn. 19va sataabdam chivaralo inglandlo bodeni parichayam cheyabadindi mariyu 20va sataabdam modati dasaabdam nundi alankaramga upayoginchabadindi. nerine bodeni" thoo paatu, vaanijyaparamgaa labhinche sankara jaatulalo ekkuva bhaganni utpatti chesina mokkala pempakam karyakramalalo veetini vistrutamgaa upayogistunnaru. hybrid saagu 'utsaaha diggajam' raayal horticultural society yokka garden merrit avaardunu pondindi.
nerine" jaatula gaddalu vaati modati puvvulanu utpatti cheyadaaniki kaneesam rendu samvatsaraala perugudala mariyu abhivruddhi avasaram. tagina paristhitulalo pandinchinatlayithe atipedda gaddalu rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva kaandamlaku daariteestaayi. avi kotha puulugaa upayoginchabadataayi, endukante avi etuvanti marakalu chupinchakunda neetitho kuudina kundalo 14 rojula varaku jeevinchagalavu.
upayoginchandi.
"nerine" jaatulu mariyu vaati rangurangula deerghakaalam unde puvvulatho kuudina sankara jaatulu cutt-flover parisrama mariyu alankaara gaddala ammakam kosam vaanijyaparamgaa pandinchabadataayi.