
sthaana sunnitamaina parikaram

position sensitive parikaram mariyu/ledhaa position sensitive detector (psd) anedi optical position sensor (ops), idhi sensor uparitalampai okati ledhaa rendu koonaalaloo kaanti spot yokka sthaanaanni kolavagaladu.
suutraalu.
vividha suutraala prakaram panichese rendu taragatulugaa psdlanu vibhajinchavachhuh modati taragatilo, sensorlu isotropic sensor uparitalaanni kaligi untaayi, idhi nirantara sthaanam daetaanu andistundi. rendava taragati sensor uparitalampai raster lanty nirmaanamloo vivikta sensaarlanu kaligi untundi, ivi sthaanika vivikta daetaanu sarafara chestaayi.
isotropic sensorlu.
saanketika padam psd modatisaarigaa 1957loe zhe prachuranalo upayoginchabadindi.tii. sthaanika kolatala kosam upayoginche "parshwa kantividyut prabhavam" kosam wallmark. oka laminar semikandaktarpai, pinn diode anie pilavabadedi oka chinna kaanti pradaesaaniki bahirgatamavutundi. eee bahirgatam sthaanika nirodhakatalo maarpuku kaaranamavutundi, tadwara naalugu electrodelalo electron pravaham erpadutundi. vidyudvaaraalalo current suutram _ 1, suutram _ 2, suutram _ 3 mariyu suutram _ 4 nundi, kaanti spot yokka sthaanam eee krindi sameekaranaalanu upayoginchi lekkinchabadutundi.
mariyu
suutram _ 7 mariyu suutram _ 8 anevi saralamaina scaling karakalu, ivi akshamsaalugaa parivartananu anumatistaayi.
eee prakriya yokka prayojanam emitante, 100 kiloj kante ekkuva koliche retlatho kaanti spot sthaanam yokka nirantara kolata. kaanti spot yokka roopam mariyu parimaanampai sthaanika kolatapai aadharapadatam alaage naan leanier connection anedi pratyeka electrode aakaaraala dwara paakshikamgaa bharti cheyagala pratikuulata. 
2-dii tetra-lateral position sensitive device (psd).
2-dii tetra-lateral psd nirantaram andinchagala saamarthyam kaligi untundi.
2-dii loe sanghatana kaanti spot yokka sthaana kolata. idhi nirodhakata poratho kuudina oke chadarapu pinn diodnu kaligi untundi. sensor yokka kriyaaseela praantamloo incident light unnappudu, sarihaddu sameepamlo chaturasraaniki iruvaipula unchina naalugu electrodela nundi photokarentlu utpatti cheyabadataayi mariyu sekarinchabadataayi. electrodela nundi sekarinchina pravaahaala aadhaaramgaa sanghatana kaanti sthaanaanni anchanaa veyavachuhu 
mariyu
2-dii tetra-lateral psd vegavantamaina pratispandana, chaalaa takkuva dark current, sulabhamaina bayas application mariyu takkuva fabrication kharchu vanti prayojanaalanu kaligi undhi. daani kolata khachitatvam mariyu spashtata spot aakaram mariyu parimaanam nundi swatantramgaa untundi, quadrant detector maadirigaa kakunda gaali allakallolam dwara sulabhamgaa maarchavacchu. ayithe, idhi naan linearity samasyatho baadhapadutondi. spot psd yokka madhya praantamloo unnappudu nijamaina sthaanaaniki sambandhinchi sthaana anchanaa sumaru saralamgaa untundi, kaanti spot kendraaniki dhooramgaa unnappudu sambandham naan leanier avutundi. idhi daani anuvartanaalanu teevramgaa parimitam chestundi mariyu aneka anuvartanaallo saralata merugudala kosam atyavasara demandlu unnaayi. 
2-dii psd yokka naan linearityni tagginchadaaniki, incident light positionnu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki kotta suutraala samitini pratipaadinchaaru (sang kuyy, yeng chaay soh "2-dii tetra-lateral position sensitive detector yokka linearity indexlu mariyu linearity merugudala."antey electron parikaraalapai lavadevilu, valume. 57, ledhu. 9, pp. 2310-2316,2010):
mariyu
ikkadah suutram _ 13, mariyu suutram _ 14 kotta scale karakalu.
eee suutraala samiti dwara pondina sthaana anchanaa phalitaalu krinda anukarinchabaddaayi. kaanti binduvu rendu disalalo dasalalo kadulutondani memu bhaavistaamu mariyu 2-dii plain loe sthaana anchanaalanu plaat chestaamu. anduvalla anchanaa vesina sthaanam nijamaina sthaanamtho sampuurnamgaa saralamgaa unte saadhaarana grid namuunaanu pondaali. munupati suutraala kante paniteeru chaalaa merugga untundi. vivaranaatmaka anukaranalu mariyu prayoga phalitaalanu s loe chudavachu. kuyy yokka kaagitam.
vivikta sensorlu.
seeriyal prosessing.
1000 heartz kante takkuva sampling raetu kaligina atyanta saadhaarana sensor applications sisidi ledhaa cmos kemeraalu. sensor vyaktigata piksellugaa vibhajinchabadindi, dheeni exposure viluvanu varusaga chadavavacchu. kaanti spot yokka sthaanaanni prakaasam pampinhee nundi neerugaa photogrammetry paddhathulatho lekkinchavacchu.
samaantara prosessing.
vegavantamaina anuvartanaala kosam, samaantara prosessingtho kuudina matricks sensorlu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. varusa mariyu niluvu varusalo, prati pixel yokka kaanti saandrata prapancha parimiti viluvatho polchabadutundi. poolika yokka phalitaalu taarkika ledhaa linklatho panktulu mariyu niluvu varusalagaa maarataayi. anni niluvu varusala nundi mariyu anni panktula nundi icchina parimiti viluva kante prakaasavantamaina oka moolakam kaanti spot yokka ganinchina coordinatela sagatu viluva.
isotropic sensorla kalpana.
sthaanam-sunnitamaina detectorlalo pii-enn junctionlu, scotky addamkulu mariyu metal-oxide-semiconductor nirmaanaalatoo sahaa vividha semiconductor nirmaanaalu upayoginchabaddaayi. pedat aadhaaramgaa iteevali hybrid nirmaanaalu pss/n-si heterojunction ultra hye sensitivity mariyu adbhutamaina linearityni pradarsistundi. eee hybrid aakruteekaranalu, saampradaaya pii-enn sensorla tayaareeloo adhika-ushnograta mariyu khareedaina prakriyanu tolaginche suutigaa takkuva-ushnograta kalpana prakriya nundi kooda prayojanam pondutaayi.

