
nirmaanavaadam (manastatvasaastram)

manastatvasaastramlo nirmaanaatmakata (nirmaanaatmaka manastatvasaastram kooda) anedi wilhelm woondt mariyu athani vidyaarthi edward broadford titchener abhivruddhi chesina spruha siddhaantam. eee siddhaantam 20va sataabdamloo savaalu cheyabadindi. 
manastatvasastra paatasaalagaa nirmaanaatmakata vayojana manassunu (jananam nundi ippati varaku mottam anubhavam) saralamaina nirvachinchadagina bhagala paramgaa vislaeshimchadaaniki prayatnistundi, aapai eee bhagalu marinta sanklishtamaina anubhavalanu roopondinchadaaniki elaa kalisipotayo telusukovadaaniki alaage avi elaa sambandham kaligi unnayo telusukovadaaniki prayatnistundi. deenni cheyadaaniki, manastatvavettalu aatmapariseelana, anubhoothulu, abhiprayalu, bhavalu mariyu bhavodvegala sweeya-nivedikalanu upayogistaaru.
tichener.
edward bii. wilhelm vundttho paatu titchener nirmaanavaada siddhaantaaniki ghanata pondaadu. idhi manastatvasaastram yokka modati "paatasaala" gaa pariganinchabadutundi. athanu leapsig vishwavidhyaalayamlo wilhelm vandt vidyaarthi ayinanduna, manassu elaa panichestundane daanipai titchener aalochanalu vandt yokka swachchanda siddhaantam mariyu anubandham mariyu grahanam (varusaga spruha yokka amsaala nishkriyaatmaka mariyu kriyaaseela kalayika) yokka aalochanala dwara bhaareega prabhaavitamayyaayi. rasayana saastravettalu prakruti muulakaalanu prakrutilo vargeekarinchinatlugaa, manassu yokka nirmaanaalanu vargeekarinchadaaniki titchener prayatninchaadu.
gamaninchadagina sanghatanalu matrame vignaana saastraanni kaligi unnayani, gamaninchadagga sanghatanalaku sambandhinchina yea oohaagaanaalaku samaajamlo sthaanam ledani titchener annaru (eee abhiprayam ernst maak vyaktam chesina abhiprayanni pooli untundi). thana pustakam "systematic psychology" loe, titchener ilaa vraasaadu
manassu mariyu chaitanyam.
manassu anedi jeevitakaalamlo perukupoyina anubhavamani titchener nammadu. manassu yokka praathamika bhaagaalanu mariyu bhagalu sankarshana chendhe niyamaalanu nirvachinchi, vargeekarinchagaligithe taanu tarkaanni mariyu manassu yokka nirmaanaanni ardham chesukogalanani ayana nammadu.
aatmapariseelana.
spruha yokka vividha bhaagaalanu nirnayinchadaaniki prayatninchadaaniki upayoginche pradhana sadhanam aatmapariseelana. titchener thana "kramabaddhamaina manastatvasaastram" loe vraastunnaaru.":
manastatvasaastraaniki sambandhinchina vishayam ayina spruha yokka sthithi... aatmapariseelana ledhaa sweeya-avagahana dwara matrame takshana ghnaanam yokka vastuvugaa maaravacchu.
mariyu thana pustakam "manastatvasaastram yokka roopurekhala" loeh
...manastatvasastra rangamlo, aatmapariseelana anedi appeal yokka tudi mariyu ekaika nyayasthaanam, manasika sakshyam aatmapariseelana sakshyam tappa marokati kaadu.
aatmapariseelana vislaeshanhanu nivedinchadaaniki titchener chaalaa kathinamaina maargadarsakaalanu kaligi undhi. vishayam pensil vanti vastuvutoe pradarsinchabadutundi. aaa vishayam aaa pensil (rangu, podavu modalainavi) yokka lakshanaalanu nivedistundi.). vastuvu (pensil) paerunu nivedinchavaddani vishayam suuchimchabadutumdi, endukante adhi vishayam anubhavistunna daani yokka mudi daetaanu vivarinchaledu. titchener dheenini uddeepana lopam anie paerkonnaadu.
woondt rachana yokka thana anuvaadamlo, titchener, spruhanu gamaninchadaaniki oka paddhatigaa aatmapariseelanaku maddatudaarugaa vundtnu vivarinchaadu. ayithe, eee padaanni psychophysical paddhatulanu suuchimchadaaniki teesukunte matrame aatmapariseelana anedi woondt siddhaantaalaku saripotundi.
aatmapariseelana antey aksharala 'lopala chudatam', oka vyakti yokka ghnaapakasakti, avagahanalu, abhignaa prakriyalu mariyu/ledhaa preranalanu vivarinchadaaniki prayatninchadam.
manassu yokka amsaalu.
manassulooni prati moolakam emiti anae prasnatho titchener siddhaantam praarambhamaindi. chetana anubhavanni yerparuchukune moodu rakaala manasika amsaalu unnayani ayana thana parisoedhana nundi nirdhaarinchaaruh anubhoothulu (avagahanala amsaalu), chitraalu (aalochanala amsaalu) mariyu aapyaayatalu (bhavodvegala amsaalu). eee muulakaalanu vaati sambandhita lakshanaalugaa vibhajinchavachhu, avi naanhyata, teevrata, vyavadhi, spashtata mariyu vistarana anie ayana nirnayinchaaru. anubhoothulu mariyu chitraalu rendintiloonuu eee lakshanaalannii unnaayi; ayithe, premalo spashtata mariyu vistarana rendintiloonuu lopam undhi. mariyu chitraalu mariyu premanu kevalam anubhoothula samuhaluga vibhajinchavachhu. anduvalla, eee aalochanaa vidhananni anusarinchadam dwara anni aalochanalu chitraalugaa undevi, praathamika anubhoothula nundi nirminchabadatam antey anni sanklishtamaina tarkam mariyu aalochanalanu chivariki aatmapariseelana dwara athanu pondagalige anubhoothulugaa vibhajinchavachhu.
muulakaala paraspara charya.
titchener yokka nirmaanaatmaka siddhaantamlo rendava samasya emitante, manasika amsaalu elaa kalisipoyi, okadaanitoe okati sankarshana chendutuu chetana anubhavanni yerparustaayi anae prasna. ayana teermaanaalu ekkuvagaa sanghavaada aalochanalapai aadharapadi undevi. mukhyamgaa, titchener sannihitata yokka chattampai drushti pedutundi, idhi edainaa aalochana saadhaaranamgaa daanitoe paatu anubhavinche vishayaala aalochanalaku kaaranamavutundi anae aalochana.
vundt yokka swachchandataku aadhaaramaina apperception mariyu creative synthesis (swachchanda charya) gurinchi vundt yokka bhaavanalanu titchener tiraskarinchaaru. shraddha anedi kevalam anubhooti lopala unna "spashtata" lakshanam yokka abhivyakti anie titchener vaadinchaaru.
saareeraka mariyu manasika sambandham.
okasari tichener manassu yokka muulakaalanu mariyu vaati paraspara charyanu gurtinchina tarvaata, athani siddhaantam muulakaalu avi chese vidhamgaa enduku sankarshana chendutaayi anae prasnanu adigindi. mukhyamgaa, chaitanyavantamaina anubhavam mariyu bhouthika prakriyala madhya sambandhaanni telusukovadampai titchener aasakti chuupaaru. saareeraka prakriyalu nirantara uparitalaanni andistaayani, ivi manasika prakriyalaku konasaagimpunu istayani, lekapothe avi undavani titchener nammadu. anduvalla, naadii vyavastha chetana anubhavanni kaliginchadu, conny manasika sanghatanala yokka konni lakshanaalanu vivarinchadaaniki upayoginchavacchu.
vandt mariyu nirmaanavaadam.
wilhelm woondt leapsig vishwavidhyaalayamlo nirmaanavaadam vyavasthaapakudu titchenarku bodhinchaadu. takshana anubhava shaastram' nuu ayana paerkonnaaru. dheeni ardham sanklishtamaina avagahanalanu praathamika indriya samacharam dwara penchavacchu. woondt tarachugaa gatha saahityamlo nirmaanavaadam mariyu ilanti aatmapariseelana paddhatula vaadakamtho mudipadi untundi. munupati tatvavettalu upayoginche saapekshamgaa nirmaanaatmaka sweeya pariseelana ayina swachchamaina aatmapariseelana mariyu prayogaatmaka aatmapariseelana madhya spashtamaina vyatyaasaanni vundt chooputundi. paristhitulanu maarchadaaniki mariyu antargata avagahana phalitaalanu marinta khachitamainavigaa cheyadaaniki prayogasaala parikaraalanu upayogistunnanduna eee rakamaina aatmapariseelana aamodayogyamainadani vandt nammutaaru.
eee gandaragolaniki kaaranam woondt rachanala anuvaadam. titchener thana siddhaantaanni americaku teesukuvacchinappudu, athanu thanatho paatu vandt rachananu kooda teesukuvacchaadu. titchener eee rachanalanu american prekshakula kosam anuvadinchaaru, alaa cheyadam dwara vandt yokka ardhaanni tappugaa ardham chesukunnaru. aaa taruvaata athanu eee anuvaadaanni upayoginchi, woondt titchener yokka sonta siddhaantaalaku maddatu icchaadani choopinchaadu. vaastavaaniki, woondt yokka pradhana siddhaantam manasika swachchandavaadam ("manastatvavetta swachchandavaadam"), sankalpam yokka shakti manassu yokka vishayamunu unnata sthaayi aalochanaa prakriyalalo nirvahistundi anae siddhaantam.
woondt maanava manasika avagahana mariyu spruha yokka siddhaantaanni pratipaadinchaaru. bhouthika shaastram mariyu rasayana saastraanni adhyayanam chestunna thana samakaaleenulu padaarthaalanu rasayana mulakaalugaa (anuvulu) vibhajinche daaniki samaantaramgaa ayana oka chitraanni geesaaru; maanava manastatvasaastraaniki kooda adhe vidhamgaa cheyadaaniki prayatnistuu, sanklishtamaina maanava grahana anubhavanni praathamika anubhoothulugaa vichchinnam cheyavachani pratipaadinchaaru. avagahana anubhavamlo emi jarugutundo anae samacharanni pondadaaniki mariyu daanini indriya bhagaluga vibhajinchadaaniki maargadarsakamgaa aatmapariseelana (sweeya-pareeksha) nuu ayana pratipaadinchaaru.
endukante woondt (mariyu taruvaata tichener) aalochanalu spruhanu oka nirmaanamgaa chudadampai kendrikrutamai unnaayi (praathamika anubhoothula nirmaana vibhagala dwara kuurchabadi, daanini vibhajinchavachhu), vaari vidhananni nirmanavadamga paeru pettaru. edward titchener united states loki woondt aalochanalanu teesukuvacchi abhivruddhi chesaaru. 1898loe titchener "nirmaanaatmaka drukkonam" gurinchi matladadu, nirmaanavaadaanni aatmapariseelana aadhaaramgaa tatastha pariseelana vidhanamgaa nirvachinchaadu mariyu daani praathamika amsaala nundi mottaanni nirminche muulaka vidhananni kooda avalambinchaadu.
vimarsalanu.
nirmaanaatmakata pedda mottamlo vimarsalanu edurkondi, mukhyamgaa manastatvasaastram, kriyaatmakata nundi, idhi taruvaata vyaavahaarikasattaavaadam yokka manastatvasaastramgaa parinaamam chendindi (pariseelana yokka aamodayogyamaina paddhatulugaa aatmapariseelananu tirigi sameekarinchadam). nirmaanavaadam yokka pradhana vimarsha emitante, chetana anubhavanni ardham chesukovadaniki aatmapariseelanapai drushti pettadam. aatmapariseelana vidyaarthulu tama sonta manasika prakriyala prakriyalu ledhaa yantraamgaalanu mechukolenanduna sweeya-vislaeshanha saadhyapadadani vimarsakulu vaadistunnaaru. anduvalla, aatmapariseelana, daanini evaru upayogistunnaru mariyu vaaru emi korukuntunnaru anae daanipai aadharapadi ververu phalitaalanu ichindi. kontamandi vimarsakulu aatmapariseelana paddhatulu vaastavaaniki tirogamananiki daariteesaayani kooda etthi chuupaaru-anubhooti kante anubhooti yokka ghnaapakasakti.
pravartanaa nipunulu, mukhyamgaa paddati pravartana nipunulu, manasika saastramlo chetana anubhavam yokka aalochananu kooda oka viluvaina amsamgaa puurtigaa tiraskarinchaaru, endukante shaastreeya manastatvasaastram yokka amsaanni lakshyapuurvakamgaa mariyu kolavagala reetilo khachitamgaa amalu cheyaalani vaaru vishwasinchaaru. manassu yokka bhavananu nishpaakshikamgaa kolavalekapoyinanduna, adhi marinta vichaaranaku viluvainadi kaadu. ayithe, radikal behaviourismlo manastatvasaastram yokka siddhaantam mariyu vislaeshanhaloo aalochana, bhavana mariyu vyaktigata sanghatanalu untaayi. manassunu daani vyaktigata bhagaluga vidadeeyavacchani kooda nirmaanavaadam nammutundi, idhi appudu chetana anubhavanni yerparustundi. idhi gestalt psychology school nundi kooda vimarsalanu andukundi, idhi manassunu vyaktigata amsaalugaa vibhajinchalemani vaadistundi.
saiddhaantika daadulatoe paatu, nirmaanavaadam velupala jarugutunna mukhyamaina parinaamaalanu minahayinchi, vismarinchinanduku nirmaanavaadam vimarsinchabadindi. udaaharanaku, nirmaanavaadam anedi jantuvula pravartana mariyu vyaktitvam yokka adhyayanaaniki sambandhinchinadi kaadu.
aacharanaatmaka samasyalaku samadhanam ivvadamlo sahaayapadataaniki thana manastatvasaastraanni upayoginchananduku titchener swayamgaa vimarsinchabaddaadu. badulugaa, saadhaarana samasyala kante tanaku chaalaa mukhyamainadi anae swachchamaina gnaanaanni pondadaaniki titchener aasakti chuupaadu.
pratyaamnaayaalu.
nirmaanavaadaaniki oka pratyaamnaaya siddhaantam, dheeniki tichener abhyantaram vyaktam chesaadu, adhi kriyaatmakata (kriyaatmaka manastatvasaastram). nirmaanavaadaaniki viruddhamgaa vilium james kriyaatmakatanu abhivruddhi chesaaru. idhi prayogaatmaka, trial-und-error tatvasaastram kante anubhavika, hetubaddhamaina aalochana yokka praamukhyatanu nokki cheppindi. james thana siddhaantamlo aatmapariseelana (i.ii., manastatvavetta thana sonta manasika sthithula gurinchi adhyayanam chesadu), conny vislaeshanha vanti vishayalanu kooda kaligi unnadu (i.ii., puurvagaami mariyu manassu yokka samakaaleena abhipraayaala yokka taarkika vimarsha), prayogam (udhaa.zii., hypnosis ledhaa neurologylo), mariyu poolika (i.ii., nibandhanalanu kramaraahityaala nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki ganaanka maargaala vadakam) idhi kontavaraku anchuni ichindi. kaaryaacharanavaadam kooda bhinnamgaa undhi, idhi medadulo konni prakriyalu meeru unna vaataavaranaaniki entha upayogakaramgaa unnayane daanipai drushti pettindi, prakriyalu mariyu nirmaanavaadam vanti itara vivaraalapai kaadu.
samakaaleena nirmaanavaadam.
parisoedhakulu ippatikee chetana anubhavanni kolavadaniki, mukhyamgaa abhignaa manastatvasastra rangamlo, vastunishtha prayogaatmaka vidhaanaalanu andinchadaaniki krushi chestunnaru mariyu konni vidhaluga titchener aalochanala mantanu konasagistunnaru. idhi anubhoothulu mariyu avagahana vanti oke rakamaina samasyalapai panichestondi. nedu, edainaa aatmapariseelana paddhatulu atyanta niyantrita paristhitulalo cheyabadataayi mariyu avi aatmaasrayamainavi mariyu punaraavruttamainavigaa ardham chesukobadatayi. eee sandarbhamlo aatmapariseelananu upayoginchadam dwara manastatvasaastram ippatikee upayogakaramaina samacharanni pondagaladani pratipaadakulu vaadistunnaaru.

