
jacobitism

jacobitism (,,,,, anucharulanu jacobites anie pilustaaru) anedi british simhaasanaaniki house off stewart yokka senior line punaruddharanaku maddatu icchina raajakeeya udyamam. eee paeru james II mariyu VII yokka modati paeru nundi vachindi, dheeni laatinlo "jacobus" anie anuvadinchabadindi. 1688 navambarulo jarigina adbhutamaina viplavam taruvaata james bahishkarinchabadinappudu, ingland paarlamentu athanu aangla simhasananni vidichipettaarani vaadinchindi, daanini vaaru athani protestant kumarte maerii II mariyu aame bhartha vilium IIIkii samarpinchaaru. eprillo jarigina scottish samavesam, athanu thana charyala dwara scatland simhasananni kolpoyadani, idhi firyadula vyasalalo jabita cheyabadindani perkondi.
viplavam aaa vidhamgaa chakravarthy mariyu prajala madhya oppandam suutraanni srushtinchindi, idhi ullanghinchinatlayite chakravartini tolaginchavacchani ardham. 1688 taruvaata paalana chattaviruddham kaavadamtho, chakravartulanu devudu ledhaa daivika hakku niyaminchaarani, vaatini tolaginchalemani jacobitelu vaadinchaaru. idhi atyanta sthiramaina vyatyaasam ayinappatikee, jacobitism anedi aalochanala sanklishta misramam, chaalaa mandhi stewarts tamanu taamu vyatiraekimchaaru; irelandlo, idhi kaathalikkulaku sahanam anie ardham, dheeniki james maddatu icchaadu, conny idhi airish svayampratipattini manjuru cheyadam mariyu 17va sataabdapu bhuu sthaavaraalanu tippikottadam kooda, eee rendintinee athanu vyatirekinchaadu. 1745loe, 1707 union mariyu daivika hakkulapai prins charless mariyu scottish jacobitela madhya gharshanalu antargata sangharshanhalaku kendramgaa undevi, idhi aacharaneeyamaina udyamamgaa mugisindi.
ireland velupala, paschima scottish highlands, perthshire mariyu aberdeenshire mariyu uttara inglaandlooni paschima lankshire, northumberland mariyu county durham vanti kaathalikkulu adhika nishpattilo unna praantaalalo jacobitism balamgaa undhi. moodu raajyaala yuddhaala samayamlo balamaina raacharika praantaalatoo kontavaraku ativyaapti chendina wales, paschima midlands mariyu nairuti inglaandlooni konni praantaalalo kooda saanubhootiparulu unnaaru. eee udyamam antarjaateeya koonaanni kaligi undhi; aneka european saktulu pedda sangharshanhala podigimpugaa jacobitelanu spaansar chesaayi, ayithe chaalaa mandhi jacobite bahishkrutulu videshee sainyaalalo panicheesaaru.
irelandlo jarigina vilium yuddham mariyu 1689loe scatlandlo jacobite perugudalato paatu, 1715,1719 mariyu 1745loe teevramaina tirugubaatlu jarigaayi; 1708 mariyu 1744loe viphalamaina french maddatugala dandayaatra prayatnaalu; mariyu aneka viphalamaina kutralu jarigaayi. 1745loe perugutunnadi kontakaalam hanovarian racharikanni bedirinchi, khandantara airopa nundi british dalaalanu tirigi pilavavalasi vachindi, 1748loe daani patanam mariyu french maddatunu upasamharinchukovadam jacobitismnu teevramaina raajakeeya udyamamgaa muginchaayi.
raajakeeya nepathyam.
1603loe ingland, scatland mariyu ireland modati chakravarthy james VII mariyu Ithoo jacobite bhaavajaalam udbhavinchindi. daani aadharam daivika hakku, idhi athani adhikaram devuni nundi vachindani, mariyu kireetam yokka santati asaadhyamaina vamsapaaramparya hakku dwara vachindani perkondih james mariyu athani maddatudaarulu elizabeth I thana varasuraliga niyaminchadampai vivaadaanni nivaarinchadaaniki raktamtho simhasana meeda thana hakkunu nokki chepparu. chakravarthy vyaktigata paalana paarlamentula avasaranni tolaginchindi, mariyu raajakeeya mariyu mataparamaina union avasaram, moodu rajyalalo vistrutamgaa janaadarana laeni bhavanalu.
"daivika hakku" anedi pope patla catholic vidheyathatho mariyu protestant anadhikaarulatho kooda gharshanaku digindi, endukante iddaroo raaju kante adhikaram undani vaadinchaaru. nijamaina matam' mariyu 'manchi prabhutvam' anae 17va sataabdapu nammakam okate, antey oka praantamloo vivaadaalu marokadaaniki poeshitamayyaayi; sahasraabdikavaadam mariyu rendava rakada yokka sameepabhaavampai nammakam antey chaalaa mandhi protestantlu ituvanti samasyalanu atyavasaramainavi mariyu nijamainaviga bhaavinchaaru.
union disagaa modati adugugaa, james ingland, scatland mariyu ireland charchila madhya mataparamaina aacharalanu praamaaneekarinchadam praarambhinchaadu. 1625loe ayana maraninchina taruvaata, raajakeeya sunnitatvam laeni ayana kumarudu charless I dheenini konasaginchadu; 1630la chivari natiki, 1629loe vyaktigata palananu sthaapinchi, ingland charchipai laudian samskaranalanu amalu chesi, paarlamentu lekunda paalinchadam raajakeeya sankshobhaaniki daariteesindi. scatlandlo ilanti charyalu 1639-1640 bishapla yuddhaalaku, mariyu odambadika prabhutva sthaapanaku kaaranamayyaayi.
catholic prabhuvula oka chinna samuuham nirvahinchina, october 1641 airish tirugubaatu anedi bhuu japthu, raajakeeya niyantrana kolpovadam, catholic vyatiraeka charyalu mariyu aardhika ksheenata yokka sanchita prabhavam. eee tirugubaatu raktarahita tirugubaatugaa uddesinchabadindi, conny daani nayakulu twaragaa niyantrana kolpoyaru, idhi rendu vaipula duraagataalaku daariteesindi. mae nelaloo, scots setilarlaku maddatugaa oka odambadika sainyam ulsterlo digindi. tirugubaatunu anachiveyadaaniki sainyanni penchadaaniki charless mariyu paarlamentu iddaroo maddatu ichinappatikii, daani niyanthranatho marokarini viswasinchaledu; eee udriktatalu chivariki 1642 augustulo modati aangla antaryuddham praarambhaaniki daariteesaayi.
1642loe, airish tirugubaatudaarulaku praatinidhyam vahistunna catholic samakhya chaarlesku vidheyata prakatinchindi, conny irelandlo raayiteelu icchinanduna moodu rajyalalo protestant maddatunu kolpoyinanduna stewartlu nammadagani mitraraajyamgaa unnaaru. adanamgaa, 1642 maarchilo charless aamodinchina saahasopetula chattam, airish kaathalikkula nundi bhoomini japthu cheyadam dwara tirugubaatunu anachiveyadaaniki nidhulu samakuurchindi, indulo ekkuva bhaagam samakhya sabhyula yajamanyamlo undhi. phalitamgaa samakhya, protestant duke off ormand aadhvaryamlo raacharika dalaalu mariyu alsterlo odambadika netrutvamloni sainyam madhya moodu-maargam pootii jarigindi. 1649 janavarilo chaarlesnu uriteesina taruvaata, 1649-nundi 1652 varaku irelandpy chromevalian vijayanni pratighatinchadaaniki ormand eee vargaalanu kalipi, aangla prabhutvamtho vibhedaalu penchukunnaaru.
moodava aangla antaryuddhamlo scottish maddatuku badulugaa, rendava charless samaakhyatho thana kuutamini tiraskarinchaadu, mariyu 1650loe ormand bahishkarinchabaddaadu. 1652loe otami catholic mariyu raacharika bhoomini saamuhikamgaa japthu cheyadaaniki daariteesindi, mariyu aangla parliamentary sainikulu mariyu protestant setilarlalo daani tirigi pampinheeki daariteesindi. eee moodu rajyalu commonwealth off inglandlo vileenam cheyabaddaayi, 1660loe racharikam punaruddharinchabadinappudu vaati pratyeka hodaanu tirigi pondaayi.
charless paalanalo france yokka luis XIV yokka vistaranavaada vidhanalu aadhipatyam chelayinchayi, idhi protestant airopaku muppuga pariganinchabadindi. athani sodarudu mariyu varasudu james 1677loe kaathalikkulugaa maarinatlu prakatinchinappudu, atanini aangla simhasana nundi nirodhinche prayatnam jarigindi. ayinappatikee, athanu fibravari 1685loe ingland mariyu scatlandlo vistruta maddatutoe raaju ayyadu; 'sahaja vaarasudini' minahaayinchadam kante catholic chakravarthy uttamam, mariyu protestant asammativaadula tirugubaatlanu twaragaa anachivesaaru. idhi taatkaalikamainadigaa kooda pariganinchabadindi; james vayassu 52, athani rendava vivaham 11 samvatsaraala taruvaata pillalu lekunda jarigindi, mariyu athani protestant kumarte maerii vaarasuraali.
athani matam jaemsnu airish kaathaliklalo prachuryam pondindi, athani sodarudi aadhvaryamlo athani sthaanam merugupadaledu. 1685 natiki, catholic bhuu yajamanyam 22 saataaniki padipoyindi, 1600loe 90 saataaniki padipoyindi, mariyu 1673 taruvaata, varusa prakatanalu vaariki aayudhalu kaligi undataaniki ledhaa prabhutva padavini kaligi undataaniki hakkunu kolpoyayi. tyreconnel yokka 1va earl ayina catholic richard talboat 1687loe ireland yokka lard deputyga niyaminchabaddaadu mariyu james manugada saaginchagala catholic sthaapananu nirminchadam praarambhinchaadu. swalpakaalam paalana jarugutundane bhayamtho, tyreconnel moodu rajyalanu asthirapariche vegamtho kadilaadu.
james thana mataparamaina sahanam yokka charyalanu aamodinchadaaniki niraakarinchinappudu aangla mariyu scottish paarlamentulanu tolaginchaadu, dheenini athanu raaja pratyeka adhikaranni upayoginchi amalu chesaadu. alaa cheyadam valla matampai vivaadaalanu tirigi teravagalamani, 1685loe tirugubaatu chesina vaariki pratiphalam istamani, thana sonta maddatudaarulanu anagadokkutamani bedirinchaaru. idhi 1685 naati fantainblue saasanam yokka prabhavanni kooda vismarinchindi, idhi french protestantla patla sahanamnu raddu chesi, 400,000 mandhi saranaarthulanu srushtinchindi, veerilo 40,000 mandhi londonlo sthirapaddaaru. rendu sanghatanalu asantruptini tirugubaatugaa marchai, modatidi 10 juun 1688naa james kumarudi jananam, idhi catholic raajavamsam yokka avakaasaanni srushtinchindi. rendavadi eduguru bishaplapai james vichaarana, idhi kaathalikkulaku sahanam laenidigaa mariyu ingland charchipai churukuga daadi chesinatlu anipinchindi; juun 30naa vaari nirdoshigaa prakatinchadam ingland mariyu scatland antataa vistruta aanandaanni kaliginchindi mariyu james raajakeeya adhikaranni naasanam chesindi.
1685loe, jaemsnu daatavesthe chaalaa mandhi antaryuddhaaniki bhayapaddaru; 1688 natiki, athani tolagimpu matrame daanini nirodhinchagaladani athani mukhyamantri ayina earl off sunderland kooda bhaavinchaadu. maerii mariyu aame bhartha vilium saayudha jokyaniki aangla maddatu yokka narinja rangunu haamii istuu, sunderland rahasyamgaa viliyanku ahvaanaanni samanvayam chesaadu. vilium november 5naa 14,000 mandhi sainikulatoe brickshamlo digaadu; athanu munduku saagutunnappudu, james sainyam vidichipetti, december 23naa bahishkarinchabadindi. 1689 fibravarilo, aangla paarlamentu vilium mariyu maereelanu ingland ummadi chakravartulugaa niyaminchindi, ayithe scots maarchilo anusarinchindi.
irelandlo ekkuva bhaagam ippatikee tyreconnel niyantranalo undhi, akkada james 1689 marchi 12naa 6,000 french dalaalatoe digaadu. irelandlo 1689-nundi 1691 varaku jarigina vilium yuddham rendu punaraavruta dhoranulanu highlight chesindi; james mariyu athani vaarasula kosam, pradhana bahumati ingland, ireland mariyu scatland daani kante rendava sthaanamlo unnaayi, ayithe praadhamika french lakshyam british vanarulanu grahinchadam, tappanisarigaa stewartlanu punaruddharinchadam kaadu. 1689 maeloe jarigina ennikalu 1613 nundi catholic majoritytho modati airish paarlamentunu roopondinchaayi. idhi chromvelian bhuu aakramanalanu raddu chesindi, villiams nundi bhoomini swaadheenam chesukundi mariyu irelandnu 'ingland nundi pratyaekamaina rajyam' gaa prakatinchindi, 1691loe otami taruvaata raddu cheyabadina charyalu.
scatlandlo perugutunna jacobite kontha prarambha vijayanni saadhinchindi, conny chivariki anachiveyabadindi. 1690 joolailo jarigina boyne yuddhamlo airish jacobitelu odipoyina chaalaa rojula taruvaata, beach head vadda vijayam french kuu inglish chaanalpai taatkaalika niyantrananu ichindi. ingland meeda takshana dandayaatranu koradaniki james fraansku tirigi vacchaadu, conny aanglo-dutch naukaadalam tvaralo samudra aadhipatyaanni tirigi pondindi, aaa avakaasam poyindi.
airish jacobitelu mariyu vaari french mitraraajyaalu chivaraku 1691loe augrim yuddhamlo odipoyaayi, mariyu limeric oppandam irelandlo yuddhanni muginchindi; bahishkarinchabadina stewartla tarapuna bhavishyat tirugubaatlu ingland mariyu skaatlaandku parimitam cheyabaddaayi. 1701 settlement chattam kaathaliklanu aangla simhasana nundi nishedhinchindi, mariyu 1702loe anne chivari stewart chakravarthy ayinappudu, aame varasudu aame protestant kazin sofiya off hanover, aame catholic savati sodarudu james kaadu. ireland 1800 varaku pratyeka paarlamentunu konasaaginchindi, conny 1707 union ingland mariyu scatlandlanu grate britton raajyamlo vileenam chesindi. thana puurveekulu saadhinchalekapoyina ekikruta protestant raajyamgaa anne dheenini chusindi.
ingland, scatland mariyu ireland anae moodu rajyalalo vaaru nilupukunna maddatu aadhaaramgaa bahishkarinchabadina stewartlu tirigi adhikaaramloki raavadaaniki aandolana konasaaginchaaru. alaa cheyadaaniki bahya sahayam avasaram, france dwara sthiramgaa sarafara cheyabadindi, ayithe speyin 1719 perugudalaku maddatu ichindi. sweeden, russia mariyu rashyaatho kooda ververu samayaallo charchalu jariginappatikee, ivi ennadoo khachitamaina phalitaalanu ivvaledu. stewartlu liverga upayogakaramgaa unnappatikee, vaari videshee maddatudaarulu saadhaaranamgaa vaati punaruddharanapai peddagaa aasakti chuupaleedu.
bhaavajaalam.
charitrakaarudu fraank maclin jacobitism loe eduguru praathamika driverlanu gurtinchaadu, ayithe eee udyamamlo "nijaayiteegala purushulu [unnaaru..] kevalam stewartlanu punaruddharinchadame lakshyamgaa pettukunna "idhi" anni rakaala raajakeeya asammatiki chattabaddhata yokka muulaanni andinchindi ". churukaina palgonevari bhavajaalaanni sthaapinchadam anedi "ekkuvagaa vraasina vaaru panicheyaledu, mariyu panichesina vaaru takkuva, edainaa unte, vraasaru" anae vaastavam dwara sanklishtamgaa untundi."taruvaati charitrakaarulu jacobitismnu vividha margallo varninchaaru, veetilo kortu vyatiraeka bhaavajaalam yokka viplavaatmaka vistarana; karyanirvahaka adhikaaramlo vruddhiki vyatiraekamgaa kuleena praticharya; pettubadidaarii vidhanam vruddhiki bhuswamya vyatiraekata; ledhaa scatland mariyu irelandlo jaateeya bhavana yokka utpatti.
jacobitism yokka pradhana saiddhaantika siddhaantaalu juring kaani unnata charchi aanglikanlu mariyu scots episcopalianlu panchukunna raajakeeya vedaantasaastrampai aadharapaddaayi. avi, modatidi, raajula daivika hakku, devuni patla vaari javaabudaareetanam, manishi ledhaa paarlamentu kaadu; rendavadi racharikam oka daivika samstha; moodavadi, tiruguleni vamsapaaramparya hakku dwara kireetam yokka santati, idhi tiragabadadu ledhaa raddu cheyabadadu; mariyu chivaraga, vyaktigata vishayam tiraskarinchagala chakravartula patla kooda nishkriya vidheyata mariyu pratighatana laeni lekhanaala uttarvu.
jacobite pracharakulu ituvanti daivikamgaa manjuru cheyabadina adhikaram samaajaaniki pradhana naitika rakshana anie vaadinchaaru, ayithe adhi lekapovadam party kalahalaku daariteesindi. 1688 viplavam, swaartham gala minoritylu, matha asammativaadulu, vidaeseeyulu vanti vaarini rashtra niyantrananu chepattadaaniki, saamaanya prajalanu anachiveyadaaniki anumatinchindi anie vaaru paerkonnaaru. edemaina, chakravarthy mariyu vishayam madhya hakkulu mariyu vidhula yokka 'saraina' samatulyatapai abhiprayalu maarutuu undevi, mariyu jacobitelu 'ekapaksha' mariyu 'sampoorna' shakti madhya thedaanu gurtinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru. ireland mataadhikaari charless lessie yokka juring kaani charchi bahusha atyanta teevramaina daivika hakku siddhaantakarta, conny athanu kooda chakravarthy "devuniki thana pramaanamtho paatu thana prajalaku thana vaagdaanamtho" mariyu "nyayam mariyu gowravam yokka chattalaku" kattubadi unnaadani vaadinchaadu. jacobite karapatraalalo maroka saadhaarana amsam emitante, british dheevulalo aardhika ledhaa itara tirugubaatlu anedi daivikamgaa niyaminchabadina chakravartini bahishkarinchinanduku siksha anie, ayinappatikee 1710 taruvaata, karapatra rachayitalu badulugaa "dushta" wig raajakeeya paarteeni desham samishtiga kakunda, stewartlanu bahishkarinchinanduku nindinchadam praarambhinchaaru.
ituvanti bhavalu ellappuduu jacobite samaajamlo sthiramgaa undavu, ledhaa jacobitelaku matrame parimitam kaledu chaalaa mandhi wiggs mariyu ingland mataadhikaarula charchi kooda 1688 taruvaata vaarasatvam "daivikamgaa niyaminchabadindi" anie vaadinchaaru. sthiranivaasam taruvaata, jacobite pracharakulu tama rachanalo puurtigaa chattabaddhamaina amsaalanu nokkichepparu mariyu 1745 natiki, vamsapaaramparya mariyu asaadhyamaina hakkunu churukuga prothsahinchadam ekkuvagaa lards pitsligo mariyu balmerino vanti konni scots episcopalianlaku parimitam cheyabadindi.
badulugaa vaaru nilabadi unna sainyanni vyatirekinchadam, ennikala avineeti, saamaajika anyayam vanti prajaadarana pondina itivruttaalapai drushti pettadam praarambhinchaaru. 1750la natiki, charless swayamgaa moodu samvatsaraala paarlamentulaku vaagdaanam chesi, sainyanni raddu chesi, patrika swechhapai chattaparamaina haameelu icchaadu. ituvanti vyuuhaalu vaari aakarshananu vistrutam chesaayi, conny pramaadaalanu kooda kaligi unnaayi, endukante ilanti raayiteelanu andinchadaaniki siddhamgaa unna prabhutvam vaatini ellappuduu tagginchavachhu. inglandpy konasagutunna stewart drushti mariyu united british simhasananni tirigi pondadam 1745loe vaari vistruta-aadhaarita maddatudaarulato udriktatalaku daariteesindi, chaalaa mandhi scots jacobitela praathamika lakshyam 1707 unionnu antam cheyadam. dheeni ardham, septembarulo prestonpons vadda vijayam saadhinchina taruvaata, vaaru charless korukunna vidhamgaa inglandpy daadi cheyadaaniki badulu, charchalu jarapadaniki ishtapadataaru.
marinta saadhaaranamgaa, jacobite siddhaantakartalu ghnaanoodaya aalochanalo vistruta sampradaayavaada pravahanni pratibimbimchaaru, aadhunika ksheenataku raacharika parishkaram vaipu aakarshinchabadina vaarini aakarshincharu. prajaadarana pondina paatalu mariyu tractlu eee stewartlanu vistruta shreni rugmatalanu sarididdagala saamarthyam mariyu saamaajika samarasyanni punaruddharinchagala saamarthyaanni kaligi unnayani, alaage dutch mariyu hanovarian "vidaeseeyulu" nii bahishkaranalo kooda aangla goddu maamsam mariyu beerunu sevinchadam konasaaginchina vyaktitoe polchinatlu pradarsinchaayi. mukhyamgaa torylanu aakarshinchadaaniki lekkinchinappatikii, jacobite karapatrakaarulu mariyu agentlu sweekarinchina vistruta shreni itivruttaalu kramaanugatamgaa asantrupta wiggs mariyu maajee raadikalsnu aakarshinchayi. atuvanti "wig-jacobites" bahishkarinchabadina nyaayasthaanamchae entho viluvainavi, ayinappatikee chaalaa mandhi james II nuu balaheenamaina rajuga bhaavinchaaru, punaruddharana sandarbhamlo athani nundi raayiteelanu pondadam sulabham.
moodu rajyalalo jacobite maddatudaarulu.
ireland.
airish raajakeeya charitralo jacobitism paatra charchaneeyaamsamgaa undhi; idhi 1688 mariyu 1795 madhya vistruta-aadhaarita prajaadarana pondina udyamam mariyu airish catholic jaateeyavaadaaniki pradhana chodaka shakti anie kondaru vaadistunnaaru. itarulu dheenini 19va sataabdapu airish jaateeyavaadaaniki chaalaa bhinnamgaa, "neraropana mariyu rajavamsa vidheyatalo paatukupoyina paan-british udyamamlo" bhaagamgaa chuustaaru. charitrakaarudu vincent airish jacobitismnu vistruta udyamamlo oka vilakshanhamaina bhavajalamga varninchaaru, idhi "stewartla yokka myelian puurveekulu, kaathalikkulaku vaari vidheyata mariyu daani swantha kireetam kaligina raajyamgaa ireland hodaanu nokki cheppindi."18va sataabdam modati ardhabhaagamlo, jacobitism" "raajakeeya spruha kaligina kaathalikkula praathamika vidheyata".
james kuu airish catholic maddatu athani matam meeda aadharapadi undhi mariyu vaari demandlanu neraverchadaaniki sumukhata choopindi. 1685loe, galic kavi daibi oo brudire thana pattaabhishekaanni kaathalikkulu mariyu airish bhasha yokka aadhipatyaaniki hamiga jarupukunnaru. catholic regimentla srushti dwara sainyanni vistarinchina tyreconnelnu diarmuid maak kaarthe swaagatinchaaru, sthaanika airish 'tadg' saayudhamgaa undataaniki mariyu aangla protestant 'zaan' paie thana aadhipatyaanni nokki cheppadaniki veelu kalpinchindi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, chaalaa mandhi airish protestantlu athani vidhaanaalanu "protestantla aasaktini, irelandpy aangla aasaktini puurtigaa naasanam cheyadaaniki" roopondinchinatlu bhaavinchaaru. idhi protestant jacobitismnu "siddhaantaparamaina mataachaaryulu, asantruptito kuudina tory bhuswamulu mariyu catholic matamaarpidulaku" parimitam chesindi, vaaru kaathalikkulanu vyatiraekimchaaru, conny james tolagimpunu chattaviruddhamgaa chuusaaru. ireland mantrula yokka kontamandi charchi kotta palanaku vidheyata chuupadaaniki niraakarinchindi mariyu nyaayamuurtulu kaanivaaru ayyaru, vaarilo atyanta prasiddhulu pracharakudu charless lesley.
inglandnu tirigi pondadam thana praadhamika lakshyam kabatti, james irelandnu vyuuhaatmaka ded-endga chushadu, ayithe fraansku chendina luis XIV, paripalananu tyreconnel niyantristunnanduna, yuddham praarambhinchadaaniki idhi uttamamaina pradaesam anie vaadinchaadu mariyu athani kaaranam majority catholic janabhalo prachuryam pondindi. james 1689 maarchilo kinsale cherukunnadu mariyu 1666 nundi ireland yokka modati paarlamentugaa piluvabaddadu, pradhanamgaa yuddha prayatnaalaku nidhulu samakuurchadaaniki pannulu koorutuu. kotta swayampaalita praanta saasanaalanu jaarii cheyadam, kaathaliklanu nagara samsthalalo cherchukovadam, "aviswaasa sabhyulanu" tolaginchadam dwara tyreconnel pradhanamgaa catholic otarlu, abhyardhulanu nirdhaarinchaaru. aneka uttara praantaalalo ennikalu jaragaledu kabatti, airish house off commons loe 70 mandhi sabhyulu takkuva, 230 mplalo 224 mandhi kaathalikkulu.
19va sataabdapu airish charitrakaarulaku "deshabhakta paarlamentu" gaa piluvabade idhi jaemsnu saraina rajuga prakatinchadam dwara mariyu atanni bahishkarinchina "rajadroham chese prajalanu" khandinchadam dwara praarambhamaindi. irelandpy chromvelian vijayam taruvaata 1652loe swaadheenam chesukunna anni catholic bhoomulanu tirigi ichhe amsampai airish jacobitelalo konni vibhedaalu unnaayi. 1641loe amalulo unna yaajamaanyaaniki tirigi cheradamto, 1652 chromvelian settlement chattanni puurtigaa raddu cheyaalani airish house off commons loe ekkuva mandhi korukunnaru. dheenini 1662 settlement chattam nundi prayojanam pondina catholic unnatavargamloni oka minority vyatiraekimchaaru, eee samuuhamloo james, tyreconnel mariyu airish house off lards yokka itara sabhyulu unnaaru. badulugaa, 1650laloe bahishkarinchabadina vaarini vaari estatelalo sagaaniki punaruddharinchaalani mariyu migilina vatiki pariharam chellinchaalani vaaru suuchimchaaru. ayithe, puurti punaruddharanaku saamaanyulu adhika sankhyalo anukuulamgaa undatamtho, tyreconnel billunu aamodinchamani prabhuvulanu oppinchaadu.
ingland mariyu scatlandlalo "thana protestant prajalanu asantrupti parache" yea charyalanu pratighatinchina paarlamentu mariyu james madhya vibhedaalu marinta teevramainavi. ivi airish paarlamentu demandlaku viruddhamgaa undevi, veetilo bhuu punaruddharanatho paatu kaathalikkulu mariyu airish swayampratipatti patla sahanam kooda undhi. oka french doutyavetta james aangla bhashanu baadhinche edainaa cheyagala antha aangla hrudayam kaligi unnaadani gamaninchaaru.'anduvalla athanu ingland mariyu scatlandlalo "thana protestant pourulanu asantrupti parache" charyalanu pratighatinchaadu, "athanu aneka kathinamaina vishayalanu thana gontulo padese prajala chetulloki padipoyaadani firyadu chesaadu". vaari kaneesa demandlanu neraverchinatlayithe matrame paarlamentu yuddha pannulaku ootu vestundani spashtamainappudu, james ayishtamgaane tyreconnel yokka bhuu billuku thana sammatini icchi, 2,000 mandhi protestant "tirugubaatudaarula" nundi estatelanu japthu chestu, oka billunu aamodinchaadu. ireland oka "pratyaekamaina rajyam" anie, inglandlo aamodinchina chattalu akkada vartinchavani paarlamentu teermaanaanni kooda ayana aamodinchinappatiki, athanu poinings chattanni raddu cheyadaaniki niraakarinchaadu, dheeniki airish chattanni aangla paarlamentu aamodinchaalsina avasaram undhi.
thana sonta kaathalikkulu unnappatikee, james ireland protestant charchini thana maddatu sthaavaramlo oka mukhyamaina bhaagamgaa chushadu; athanu daani chattaparamaina praamukhyatanu konasaaginchaalani pattubattadu, ayinappatikee bhuswamulu angeekaristhe vaari swantha mataaniki chendina mataadhikaarulaku dasaamsam matrame chellinchaalsi untundi. edemaina, eee raayiteelaku kaaranam airish jacobitism nundi protestant muulakaanni ekkuvagaa tolaginchadam, aaa taruvaata idhi daadaapu puurtigaa catholic bhavajalamga maarindi. 1690 taruvaata, airish jacobitelu kooda charchala parishkaram kosam prayatnistunna tyreconnel yokka 'shanti party' mariyu chivari varaku pooraadataaniki anukuulamgaa unna patrick sarsfield netrutvamloni 'yuddha party' madhya vibhajinchabaddaaru.
1690loe boyney vadda otami taruvaata james irelandnu vidichipettadu, thana maddatudaarulaku "tama kosam marandi" anie cheppadu. idhi kontamandi atanini thana nammakamaina anucharulanu vidichipettina "seamus yaan chaachaa", "james off dhi shitt" gaa chithreekarinchadaaniki daariteesindi. edemaina, galic panditudu brendon oo buchalla thana keertini "saraina raaju" gaa tirigi pondaadani paerkonnaadu...tirigi raavadaaniki uddesinchina charless oo 'kellie mariyu nicolus plunkett vanti unnata-taragati airish jacobite rachayitalu athani spashtamaina parityaagamuku "avineetiparudaina aangla mariyu scottish salahaadaarulanu" nindinchaaru.
1691 taruvaata, 1689 paarlamentu aamodinchina charyalu raddu cheyabaddaayi, sikshaatmaka chattalu kaathalikkulanu praja jeevitam nundi nishedhinchaayi, ayithe marinta bhoomi japtulanu samarthinchadaaniki sadhakudi charyanu upayoginchaaru. 12, 000 mandhi jacobite sainikulu adavi peddabaatula flight anie piluvabade pravaasa pravaasamloki vellaaru, veerilo ekkuva mandhi taruvaata french airish brigadelo vileenam cheyabaddaaru. french mariyu spanish sainyala kosam etaa sumaru 1,000 mandhi purushulanu niyaminchaaru, veerilo chaalaa mandhi "telivaina pani patla spashtamaina nibaddhata" kaligi unnaaru. french airish brigade yokka bhagalu 1745 naati scottish jacobite raijinglo palgonnayi.
airish bhasha kavulu, mukhyamgaa munster loe, james maranam taruvaata eee kaaranaanni samarthinchadam konasaaginchaaru; 1715loe, eoin oo colonine thana kumarudu james frances edward stewartnu "tavoiseach naa engoidhial" ledhaa "gales adhipati" gaa abhivarninchaadu. inglandlo maadirigaane, 1720laloe, juun 10naa james puttinarojunu doublin mariyu kilkenni mariyu galway vanti pattanaalalo vaedukalatoe jarupukunnaru. ivi tarachugaa allarlatho koodi undevi, ivi janaadarana pondina jacobite anukuula saanubhootiki rujuvugaa suuchimchabaddaayi. itarulu 18va sataabdapu pattana praantaallo allarlu sarvasaadhaaranamani vaadistaaru mariyu vaatini "aachaarabaddhamaina gharshanala shreni" gaa chuustaaru.
raapareelu ledhaa bandipotla madhya jacobite vaakchaaturyamto mariyu prateekavaadamto kalipi, kontamandi charitrakaarulu idhi oka stewart punaruddharanaku nirantara prajaadaranaku aadhaaraalanu andistundani paerkonnaaru. ayithe, "yathaathatha sthithipai asantruptiki viruddhamgaa, alankaarika jacobitism stewartlaku enthavaraku maddatunu pratibimbistumdoe" gurtinchadam kashtam anie itarulu vaadistaaru. ayinappatikee, paalaka protestant minoritylalo punarujjeevanamaina catholic jacobitism bhayalu antey paddenimidava sataabdamloo ekkuva bhaagam catholic vyatiraeka siksha chattalu amalulo undipoyaayi.
1715 ledhaa 1745loe ingland mariyu scatlandlo unna vaaritho patuga airish udbhavinchaledu; oka suuchana emitante, 1691 taruvaata, vividha kaaranaala valla airish jacobitelu desheeya tirugubaatupai aadharapadatam kante european mitraraajyaala vaipu chuusaaru. 1720la nundi, chaalaa mandhi kaathalikkulu hanovarian palanaku vidheyata chuupaalani pramaanam cheyadaaniki siddhamgaa unnaaru, conny pope adhikaranni alaage stewartla adhikaranni thyajinchaalsina avasaram unna tyaaga pramaanam kaadu. 1750laloe jacobite kaaranamgaa samarthavantamgaa maraninchina taruvaata, chaalaa mandhi catholic kuleenulu stewartla nundi maddatunu upasamharinchukunnaaru. badulugaa, vaaru catholic convention vanti samsthalanu srushtinchaaru, ivi catholic firyadula parishkaram kosam prastuta raashtramlo panicheesaayi. 1788loe charless maraninchinappudu, airish jaateeyavaadulu pratyaamnaaya vimukti kosam vetikaaru, vaarilo french modati ganatantram, nepolian bonapart mariyu daniel oo 'connell unnaaru.
ingland mariyu wales.
ingland mariyu vaelsloo, jacobitism tarachugaa torylatho mudipadi undedi, veerilo chaalaa mandhi minahaayimpu sankshobham samayamlo james simhasana meeda hakkuku maddatu icchaaru. tory bhaavajaalam "samayam ledhaa saasana chattam [kaadu" anie suuchimchimdi...] durakramana yokka papanni meruguparachagaladu, ayithe daivika hakku mariyu pavitra raajatvam yokka bhaagaswaamya tory mariyu jacobite itivruttaalu "swechcha mariyu aasti" anae wig bhavanalaku pratyaamnaayaanni andinchi undavacchu. 1750la chivari varaku torilu oka guudha lipi-jacobite party anie, itarulu, jacobitism anedi "torism yokka avayavam" anie eveline krookshaanklatoo sahaa alpasankhyaaka vidyaavaettalu vaadinchaaru. edemaina, ingland charchi yokka aadhipatyam kooda tory bhaavajaalaaniki kendramgaa undedi, mariyu james thana vidhanalu aaa praamukhyatanu bedirinchinatlu kanipinchinappudu vaari maddatunu kolpoyadu. aangla simhasana nundi kaathaliklanu minahayinchi 1701loe jarigina settlement chattam oka tory paripalana dwara aamodinchabadindi; adhikasankhyaakulaku, stewart kaathalikkulu kriyaaseela maddatuku oka bharinchaleni avarodhamgaa unnaaru, ayithe pratighatana laeni tory siddhaantam kooda paalistunna chakravarthiki vyatiraekamgaa bahishkarinchabadina vaariki maddatu ivvakunda vaarini nirutsaahaparichindi.
1690 nundi 1714 varaku chaalaa kaalam paatu, paarlamentu torylache niyantrinchabadindi, ledhaa vigsto samanamga vibhajinchabadindi; modati georg anae taruvaata, kotta paalanatho punaruddarinchaalani chaalaa mandhi aasinchaaru. 1715loe udayaaniki naayakatvam vahinchina maar yokka earl, "vaaru torylanu brand chese jacobitism, ippudu neenu talupu nundi bayatapadaalani bhavistunnamu" anie gamaninchaaru. edemaina, georg 1710 nundi 1714 varaku unna tory prabhutvaanni utrect saantiki kaaranamani nindinchaadu, idhi thana sonta raashtramaina hanovarku hanikaramani bhaavinchaadu. lard bollingbroke mariyu earl off maar vanti maajee tory mantrulanu ayana verucheyadam vaarini modata pratipakshamloki, taruvaata bahishkarinchindi. 1714 mariyu 1742 madhya adhikaram nundi vaari minahaayimpu chaalaa mandhi torylu jacobite kortutho sampradimpulu konasaaginchadaaniki daariteesindi, idhi prastuta prabhutvaanni maarchadaaniki ledhaa ottidi cheyadaaniki sambhaavya saadhanamgaa vaaru chuusaaru.
1715loe, mae 29, punaruddharana dinam, mariyu juun 10, james stewart puttinarojuna, mukhyamgaa bristol, oxford, manchester mariyu norwich vanti tory-aadhipatya pattanaalalo samanvayamtho vedukalu jarigaayi, ayinappatikee avi 1715loe prasaantamgaa unnaayi. 1730laloe wales mariyu itara praantaalalo aneka 'jacobite' pradarsanalu sthaanika udriktatala valla nadichayi, mukhyamgaa paddati patla satrutvam, mariyu avidheyata laeni chaapellapai daadulu jarigaayi. 1715loe chaalaa mandhi aangla paalgonevaaru lancashire vanti vaayuvya praantamlooni saampradayakamgaa catholic praantaala nundi vacchaaru. 1720 natiki ingland mariyu vaelsloo 115,000 kante takkuva mandhi unnaaru, mariyu 1745loe chaalaa mandhi vidheyathatho unnaaru, veerilo duke off norphoke, aangla catholic samaajaaniki adhipati, 1715loe thana paatraku maranasiksha vidhinchabaddaadu, conny kshaminchabaddaadu. ayinappatikee, saanubhooti sanklishtamgaa undedi; norphoke agent andrew blood manchester regimentlo cheraadu, taruvaata athanu maroka maajee adhikari zaan sandersonnu thana gurrapu yajamaniga niyaminchaadu. aangla kaathalikkulu 1770la varaku bahishkrutulaku aardhika sahayanni andinchadam konasaaginchaaru.
1689loe, ingland charchilooni 2 saatam mandhi mataadhikaarulu vilium mariyu maereelaku vidheyata pramaana sweekaaram cheyadaaniki niraakarinchaaru; oka jaabitaalo mottam 584 mandhi mataadhikaarulu, paatasaala yajamaanulu mariyu vishwavidyaalaya daan luu nyaayamuurtulu kaanivaarani gurtinchaaru. idhi daadaapu khachitamgaa vaari sankhyanu taggistundi, endukante chaalaa mandhi saanubhootiparulu ingland charchilone undipoyaaru, conny nyaayamuurtulu kaani vaaru jacobite tirugubaatlu mariyu allarlalo asamanamga praatinidhyam vahinchaaru mariyu aneka mandhi "amaraveerulanu" andinchaaru. 1720la chivari natiki siddhaantam mariyu daani srushtikartala maranampai vaadanalu charchini chellacheduruga unna konni sanghaalaku tagginchaayi, ayithe 1745loe uriteeyabadina vaarilo chaalaa mandhi inglaandlooni chivari mukhyamaina assembly ayina manchester nundi vacchaaru.
quaker nayakudu vilium penn james yokka pramukha anukuulata laeni maddatudaarudu, ayinappatikee idhi vaari vyaktigata sambandham meeda aadharapadi undhi mariyu athani nikshepana nundi bayatapadaledu. aangla jacobitism loe maroka amsam kontamandi asantrupta radicals, veeriki bahishkarinchabadina stewarts wig sthaapanaku sambhaavya pratyaamnaayaanni andinchaaru. oka udaaharana zaan mathuse, 1719loe amalu cheyabadina jacobite printer; athani karapatram "vokes populi vokes dii" saamaajika oppandam yokka lokeen siddhaantaanni nokki cheppindi, eee siddhaantaaniki aaa kaalamlooni chaalaa takkuva mandhi torylu maddatu istaaru.
scatland.
scottish jacobitism inglandlo kante vistrutamaina mariyu marinta vistrutamaina muulaalanu kaligi undhi. 1715loe 20,000 mandhi skaatlu jacobitela kosam poraadaaru, prabhutva sainyamlo cherina 11,000 manditho poliste, 1745loe panichesina 9,000 nundi 14,000 mandiloo ekkuva mandhi unnaaru. graameena skaatlaandlooni konni praantaallo bhuusvaamyavaadam konasagadam oka kaaranam, ikkada addedaarulu tama bhuuswaamulaku sainika sevalanu andinchaalani balavantam cheyabadavachhu. jacobite sainyamlo oka lakshanamgaa unna aneka mandhi ettaina praanta vamshasthulu eee vidhamgaa penchabaddaaruh moodu pradhana tirugubaatlalo, adhika sankhyalo rank mariyu faillanu takkuva sankhyalo vaayuvya vamsaalu sarafara chesaayi, vaari nayakulu tirugubaatulo cheraaru.
ayinappatikee, chaalaa mandhi jacobitelu catholic, galic matlade highlanders kante protestant lothattu praantaalaku chendinavaaru. 1745 natiki, scatlandlo 1 saatam kante takkuva mandhi kaathalikkulu unnaaru, vaaru suduura vaayuvya praantaalaku mariyu konni kuleena kutumbaalaku parimitam cheyabaddaaru. adhika sankhyaakulu, alaage chaalaa mandhi jacobite nayakulu protestant episcopalian sammelanaalaku chendinavaaru. 17va sataabdam antataa, scottish raajakeeyaalaku, mataaniki madhya sannihita sambandham antey paalanalo maarpulatoe paatu odipoyina vaarini kirk nundi bahishkarinchadam. 1690loe, 200 mandiki paiga mataadhikaarulu tama sthaanaalanu kolpoyaru, ekkuvagaa aberdeenshire mariyu banfshire, 1620la nundi balamaina episcopalian praantam. 1745loe, jacobite niyamakalalo daadaapu 25 saatam mandhi desamloni eee praantam nundi vacchaaru.
episcopalianism saamaajika sampradaayavaadulalo prachuryam pondindi, endukante idhi asaadhyamaina vamsapaaramparya hakku, sampoorna vidheyatanu nokki cheppindi mariyu senior stewart line yokka suuchimchina nikshepana sahaja kramaanni ullanghinchadam. charchi 1788 varaku stewartla kosam praarthanalu cheyadam konasaaginchindi, ayithe 1714loe chaalaa mandhi hanovarianlaku vidheyata chuupadaaniki niraakarinchaaru. ayithe, 1690loe kooda, gananeeyamaina minority kotta palanaku vasati kalpinchaaru, 1712loe scottish episcopal charchi sthaapinchabadina taruvaata eee sankhya gananeeyamgaa perigindi.
professor james garden off aberdeen vanti episcopalian mantrulu 1707 union nuu scatland kuu sambhavinche vipattula shrenilo okatigaa pradarsinchaaru, idhi "papala" [...]..] tirugubaatu, anyayam, anachiveta, vibhedaalu mariyu tappudu sakshyam ". 1707 taruvaata grate britton paarlamentu vidhinchina charyalatho vyatiraekata perigindi, veetilo rajadroham chattam 1708,1711 teerpu, idhi inglish ledhaa british peerj thoo scots thoti vyaktulanu house off lards loe vaari seetla nundi nishedhinchindi mariyu pannu perugudala. vaari swantha praadhaanyatalu unnappatikee, stewartlu eee samuuhaaniki vignapti cheyadaaniki prayatninchaaru; 1745loe, charless thana aangla maddatudaarulanu dhooram chestaarane aandolanalu unnappatikee, "natana union" nuu raddu chestu prakatanalu jaarii chesaaru.
ayithe, union anantara chattaniki vyatiraekata jacobitelake parimitam kaaledu. chaalaa mandhi presbyterianlu 1712loe episcopal charchi sthaapananu mariyu itara vidhamaina charyalanu vyatiraekimchaaru, ayithe atyanta ghoramaina pannu allarlu glassgolo jarigaayi, idhi stewartla patla dweshaaniki prasiddhi chendina pattanam. inglandlo vale, kondaru hanovarian sambandham kante unionpy takkuva abhyantaram vyaktam chesaaru; 1745loe senior jacobite commander ayina lard georg murre, charlesto padepade vibhedinchina unionvaadi, conny "yuddhaalanu" vyatiraekimchaaru...] hanover otarla kaaranamgaa ".
samajam.
jacobite agentlu asantruptulanu niyaminchukune prayatnaalanu konasaaginchagaa, atyanta kattubadi unna jacobitelu tarachugaa saapekshamgaa chinna kutumba networkla dwara anusandhaninchabaddayi, mukhyamgaa scatlandlo; perthshire mariyu aberdeenshire vanti praantaalalo jacobite karyakalapalu 1715 mariyu 1745loe bhaareega palgonna parimita sankhyalo prabhaavavantamaina kutumbaalapai kendrikrutamai unnaayi.
konni atyanta saktivantamaina bhuswamula kutumbaalu tama sthaapana vidheyatalanu kapadukunnayi, conny chinna kumaarulu churukaina jacobitism loe paalgonadaaniki anumatinchadam dwara stewart vidheyata yokka sampradaayaalanu konasaginchayi; 1745loe, levis garden thana sodarudu duke off guardonku pratinidhigaa vistrutamgaa nammabaddadu. chaalaa mandhi jacobite nayakulu vivaham ledhaa raktam dwara okaritho okaru mariyu bahishkruta samaajamtho sannihitamgaa sambandham kaligi unnaaru. idhi kontamandi charitrakaarulu, mukhyamgaa broose lenman, jacobite tirugubaatlanu unnatavargam nundi teesukunna oka chinna network french maddatugala tirugubaatu prayatnaalugaa vargeekarinchadaaniki daariteesindi, ayithe eee abhiprayam vishwavyaaptamgaa aamodinchabadaledu.
jacobite saanubhooti yokka kutumba sampradaayaalu chekkabadina gaaju saamaanu ledhaa daachina chihnalatho kuudina ungaraalu vanti vastuvula dwara balopetam cheyabaddaayi, ayinappatikee manugadalo unna vaatilo chaalaa varaku vaastavaaniki 19va sataabdapu neo-jacobite srushtulu. itara kutumba vaarasatva sampadallo uriteeyabadina jacobite amaraveerula prastaavana undhi, dheeni kosam udyamam asaadhaarana sthaayi aaraadhananu samrakshinchindi. 1745loe jacobite sainyam vistrutamgaa sweekarinchina tarton vastraanni, udayaaniki mundhe, stewart saanubhootiki chihnamgaa chitraalalo upayoginchaaru. unnata saamaajika vargaalaku velupala, jacobite samajam praantiiya kuleenulu mariyu madhyataragatini lakshyamgaa chesukuni clubbulu, print-sellarlu mariyu peddlerla network dwara pracharam mariyu sanketha vastuvulanu pampinhee chesindi. 1745loe, prins charless rahasya pampinhee kosam smaaraka patakaalu mariyu suukshma chitraalanu aadesinchaadu.
18va sataabdam praarambhamlo sthaapinchabadina scottish bucks club ledhaa velsh tory surr watkin villiams-winn netrutvamloni "saikil off dhi white roez" vanti madyapaana clubbulu jacobite samaajamlo marinta kanipinche amsaalalo okati. itarulalo ekkuvagaa south wales gentry ledhaa glamorganshire nyaayavaadi david morgaon netrutvamloni "westminster yokka swatantra otarlu" 1745loe athani paatra kosam uriteeyabaddaaru. morgaon kakunda, vaari sabhyulalo ekkuva mandhi 1745loe edugudalalo paalgonaledu; charless taruvaata "velsh jacobites kosam vaaru naa kosam chesinadi neenu chestaanu" anie annaru. neenu vaari aarogyaanni taagutaanu "anie chepparu.
29va teedeena ook aapil day charless IInuu ghnaapakam chesukuntundi mariyu idhi juun 10naa paatha natula puttinaroju ayina "white roez day" vale, telivaina saanubhootini pradarsinchadaaniki oka sandarbham. chihnalanu saadhaaranamgaa jacobites upayoginchevaaru, endukante vaati upayogam kosam vaaripai vichaarana jarapabadaledu; veetilo atyanta saadhaaranamainadi yark yokka tella gulabi, idhi ippudu aspashtamaina kaaranaala valla 1688 taruvaata sweekarinchabadindi. puraatana scottish raaja parikaramgaa dheenini upayoginchadam, duke off yark gaa james II thoo anubandham ledhaa charless I nuu "white king" gaa shaili cheyadam vanti vividha muulaalu suuchimchabaddaayi. jacobite sainika vibhagalu tarachugaa saadaa telupu pramaanaalu ledhaa kakadlanu upayoginchevi, ayithe aakupaccha ribbanlu wig green ribbon clubto anubandham unnappatikee maroka gurtimpu pondina stewart chihnamgaa undevi.
1745 taruvaata ksheenata.
paarisku tirigi vachinappudu heeroga swaagatam palikinappatikee, teravenuka charless yokka reception marinta mute cheyabadindi. jacobitelaku anadhikaarika french rayabari ayina dii 'eguilles, athani gurinchi mariyu itara senior jacobitela gurinchi takkuva abhiprayam kaligi unnadu, lochgarrini "bandipotu" gaa abhivarninchaadu mariyu georg murre british guudachaari anie suuchimchaadu. vaari vaipu nundi, rendinti nirantara haameelu unnappatikee, ardhavantamaina aangla ledhaa french maddatu lekapovadam valla scots niraasaku gurayyaru. sthaanika prajalaku vinaasakaramaina yuddha roopam ayina punaruddharana kante takkuva sthaayi, konasagutunna tirugubaatu frenchivaariki chaalaa kharchutho kuudukunnadani kooda sanghatanalu vaastavaanni ettichuupaayi. scottish, french mariyu stewart lakshyaala madhya vyatyaasaanni, alaage inglandlo maddatu lekapovadam bahirgatam cheyadam dwara, 1745loe ingland mariyu scatlandlo aacharaneeyamaina raajakeeya pratyamnaayamgaa jacobitism mugisindi.
british adhikarulu scottish ettaina praantaalanu maroka rising kosam upayoginchakundaa nirodhinchadaaniki roopondinchina charyala shrenini amalu chesaaru. kotta kotalu nirminchabaddaayi, sainika rahadari network chivaraku puurtayimdi mariyu vilium raay ettaina praantaala yokka modati samagra survey chesaaru. ettaina praantaala adhipatulu kaligi unna adhikaaramlo ekkuva bhaagam vaari vamsaala nundi sainika seva avasaramayye vaari saamarthyam nundi vachindi mariyu 1745 kii mundu kooda maarutunna aardhika paristhitula kaaranamgaa vamsaala vyavastha teevramaina ottidiki guraindi; vaarasatva adhikara paridhi chattam ettaina praantaala adhipatula bhuswamya niyantranalanu tolaginchindi. sainika sevalo dharinchakapothe highland dustulanu nishedhinchina baga telisina nishedham kante idhi chaalaa mukhyamainadih daani prabhavam charchinchabadindi mariyu 1782loe chattam raddu cheyabadindi.
1745 lone, austrian vaarasatva yuddhaaniki ayye kharchulatho french vaaru poraadutunnappudu, juun 1746loe, vaaru breadalo britaintho shanti charchalu praarambhinchaaru. 1747 mariyu 1748loe flanderlalo vijayalu vaastavaaniki gatamlo tatastha dutch republicklo dra cheyadam dwara vaari sthaanaanni marinta digajarchayi, dheeni noukalanu vaaru british naavikaadala digbandhanaanni nivaarinchadaaniki aadharapaddaru. 1748 natiki, french janabhalo aahara korata saantini atyavasaramgaa chesindi, conny charless francelone undagaa british vaaru ikes-laa-chapelle oppandampai santakam cheyadaaniki niraakarinchaaru. athanu vellipovalanna abhyardhanalanu vismarinchina taruvaata, french vaaru sahanam kolpoyaru; december 1748loe, athanu bahishkarinchabadataaniki mundu kontakaalam jailulo unnadu.
juun 1747loe, athani sodarudu henry catholic poojaari ayyadu; chaarlesku chattabaddhamaina varasudu lenanduna, idhi jacobite kaaranam mugisindani vaari tandri james nissabdamgaa angeekarinchinatlu bhaavinchaaru. charless inglandlo edugudala kosam empikalanu anveshinchadam konasaginchadu, indulo athanu aanglavaadaaniki maaradam kooda undhi, eee pratipaadana gatamlo suuchimchinappudu athani tandri jaemsnu aagrahaaniki gurichesindi. athanu 1750loe maddatudaarulanu kalavadaniki "rahasyamgaa" londonku velli, naan jurie charchilo cherchabaddaadu. edemaina, king georg II mariyu athani prabhutvaaniki charless uniki gurinchi baga telusu mariyu jokyam chesukovadaniki aemee cheyaledani vaastavam dwara jacobitism ksheenata pradarsinchabadutundi. videshee maddatu lekunda taamu aemee cheyabomani aangla jacobitelu spashtam chesaaru, idhi prussiaku chendina frederic II kuu charless pratipaadanalu unnappatikee asambhavamgaa anipinchindi.
elebanku chendina alegzander murre netrutvamloni rendava georgenu pattukoodaaniki ledhaa hatya cheyadaaniki kutra, alastair ruyad mcdonnell ledhaa "guudachaarini ooragaaya" chae prabhutvaaniki droham cheyabadindi, conny charless iddaru bahishkrutulanu agentluga pampe mundu kaadu. vaarilo okaru 1745loe cameron regimentnu niyaminchadaaniki baadhyata vahinche archibald cameron, athanu thana sonta vamsaalachae mosam cheyabadi, 1753 juun 7naa uriteeyabaddaadani aaropinchabadindi. 1754loe aangla kutradaarulato jarigina vivaadamloo, tagubotu mariyu marintagaa niraasaku guraina charless, atanni "mosam" chesinanduku vaari paerlanu prachuristaanani bedirinchaadu; migilina chaalaa mandhi aangla saanubhootiparulu ippudu aaa kaaranaanni vidichipettaru.
1759loe edu samvatsaraala yuddha samayamlo, charless maroka dandayaatra gurinchi charchinchadaaniki appati france mukhyamantri ayina choisulnu kalisaaru, conny choisul atanni "madyapaanam valla asamarthudu" anie kottipaaresaaru. jacobite kaaranaanni french vaaru vidichipettaru, ayithe british maddatudaarulu nidhulu andinchadam maanesaaru; kaathalikkulaku tirigi vacchina charless, ippudu thana jeevanasailiki nidhulu samakuurchadaaniki popaseepai aadharapaddadu. ayithe, 1766loe charless tandri maranamtho, hanovarianlu pope gurtimpunu pondaaru. henry yokka korikalu unnappatikee, clement XIII thana sodarudini charless III gaa gurtinchadaaniki niraakarinchaadu; charless 1788 janavarilo romlo stroke kaaranamgaa maraninchaadu, athanu niraasaku guraina mariyu cheduvaadu.
charless maranam taruvaata, scottish kaathalikkulu hanover intiki vidheyata chuuputaamani pramaanam chesaaru, rendu samvatsaraala taruvaata king georg kosam paeru petti praardhinchaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru. stewart daavaa ippudu cardinal ayina henrieki badilee cheyabadindi, athanu tananu taanu ingland raaju henry Ix gaa paerkonnaadu. french viplavam samayamlo athanu aardhika ibbandullo padina taruvaata, ataniki georg III va vanthu vetanam manjuru chesaaru. ayithe, 'henry Ix' anie thana vaadananu thyajinchadaaniki ayana niraakarinchadam hanover house thoo puurti sayodhyanu nirodhinchindi.
1798 airish tirugubaatu samayamlo, french maddatutoe united irishmen netrutvamlo, henreeni airish rajuga cheyaalani directory suuchimchimdi. idhi catholic airish nundi maddatunu aakarshistundani mariyu sthiramaina anukuula french client rashtra erpaatuku daariteestundani vaaru aasinchaaru. protestant republican nayakudu wolf tone eee suuchananu tiraskarinchi, daaniki badulugaa swalpakaalika airish republic prakatinchabadindi.
1807loe henry maranam taruvaata, 1701 settlement chattam dwara minahaayinchabadina vaariki jacobite daavaa aamodinchabadindi. 1807 nundi 1840 varaku, idhi 1919 varaku house off saavoy, appudu house off hobsburg-loraine chetha nirvahinchabadindi, prastuta jacobite varasudu whittelsbatch intiki chendina franz, duke off bavaria. ayithe, 1807 nundi ayana ledhaa ayana puurveekulu evaruu vaari vaadananu anusarinchaledu. vaatikan looni raaja stewarts smaaraka chihnamlo henry, charless mariyu james smaaraka chihnaluga unnaayi.
vislaeshanha.
saampradaaya wig charitra rachanalo jacobitism prastuta parliamentary prajaswamyam vaipu purogatiki upaantamgaa bhaavinchabadindi, adhi odipoyinanduna, adhi ennadoo gelavaledani abhipraayapadindi. paarisraamika puurva pitrutvam" mariyu "aadhyaatmika vidheyata" nuu munduku aalochinche vyaktivaadaaniki vyatiraekamgaa soochinche, jacobitism yokka eee bhavana "matabhrashta, agnaana, taagubotaina philishistain" gaa vilakshanhamaina "tory-jacobite squire" yokka makale yokka moosa dwara balopetam cheyabadindi.
J vanti iteevali vislaeshanhalu. sii. dii. clark, badulugaa jacobitismnu "british charitra antataa nadustunna saamaajika mariyu raajakeeya sampradaayavaadam yokka lothaina siralo" bhaagamgaa pariganinchavacchani suuchimchaadu, wig settlement varninchinanta sthiramgaa ledani vaadinchaadu. jacobite adhyayanaalapai marinta aasakti mukhyamgaa scott jacobitela jaateeyavaada aakaankshalanu punahpariseelinchadam dwara prerepinchabadindi, konasagutunna raajakeeya aalochanalo bhaagamgaa daani sthaanaanni nokki cheppindi.
srungaara punaruddharana.
jacobitism yokka raajakeeya pramaadam taggadamtho, eee udyamaanni gataaniki, mukhyamgaa chivari tirugubaatuku srungaara chihnamgaa ekkuvagaa chuusaaru. 1745 naati avasheshaalu mariyu ghnaapikalu samrakshinchabaddaayi, mariyu charless swayamgaa "perugutunna bhavodvega bhaashalo" jarupukunnaru. eee smaaraka dhoranini 1830laloe robbert forbes (1708-1775) "dhi leone inn soaming" nundi empika chesina prachurana dwara balopetam chesaaru, idhi 1745loe udbhavinchina jacobite paalgonevaaritho muula samagri mariyu interviewla sekarana.
19va sataabdapu charitra rachana tarachugaa scottish jacobitelanu pradhanamgaa bhinnamaina uddesyaalato unna vyaktula vaastavikata kante, stewartlatho srungaara anubandham dwara nadapabadutundani pradarsinchindi. idhi british kiriitaaniki badilee cheyabadinappati nundi "tappipoyina vidheyata" sampradaayam dwara vaeru cheyabadina "yuddha jaathi" gaa ettaina praantaala victorian chitranaku saripotundi. lothattu mariyu eshaanya kuleenula bhaagaswaamyaaniki takkuva praadhaanyata ivvabadindi, ayithe athani airish jacobite salahaadaarulu 1745loe charlespie ekkuvagaa pratikuula prabhavanni chuupaaru.
1745 tirugubaatu katha ayina "waverley" rachayita walter scott, jacobitism yokka srungaara drukpathaanni union yokka aacharanaatmaka prayojanaala prasamsalatho militam chesaaru. 1822loe king georg IV scatland sandarsana kosam athanu tirigi kanugonna scottish sampradaayaala pradarsananu erpaatu chesaadu. tarton pradarsanalu entho prachuryam pondaayi, gatamlo tirugubaatu mariyu kramaraahityamto mudipadi unna ettaina dustulu scottish jaateeya gurtimpuku chihnaluga marai. tirugubaatu kosam saadhinchina vaari vaarasulu kondaru 1824loe tama birudulanu punaruddharinchaaru, ayithe 1829loe kaathalikkulaku vyatiraekamgaa vivakshata chattalu raddu cheyabaddaayi. raajakeeya jacobitism ippudu surakshitamgaa "munupati yuganiki" parimitam kaavadamtho, kulodenlo vaari chivari otami yokka ippativaraku ekkuvagaa nirlakshyam cheyabadina pradaesam jarupukovadam praarambhamaindi.
eee kaalamlo scatlandlo aneka jacobite jaanapada paatalu udbhavinchaayi; scott yokka sahodyogi james hogg thana "jacobite avasheshaalalo" aneka udaaharanalanu sekarinchaaru, veetilo anekam athanu swayamgaa swaraparichinavi. pantommidava sataabdapu scots kavulu alyssia aann spotiswood mariyu carolina nairn, laedii nairn (dheeni "boney charley" prajaadarana pondindi) vanti vaaru marinni udaaharanalanu jodinchaaru. ayithe, migili unna paatalalo chaalaa takkuva, vaastavaaniki udayinchina samayam nativi; atyanta prasiddhamaina vaatilo okati airish paata "moe ghile meer", idhi iteevali kuurpu ayinappatikee, samakaaleena geetam "baan aarr bairt gaach loe" aadhaaramgaa roopondinchabadindi.
neo-jacobite punaruddharana.
1880la chivaralo mariyu 1890laloe raajakeeya jacobitism yokka klupta punarujjeevanam jarigindi. 1886loe bertram ashburnham sthaapinchina arder off dhi white roez thoo praarambhinchi aneka jacobite clubbulu mariyu sanghaalu erpaddaayi. 1890loe, herbert vivian mariyu ruraid erskine jacobite raajakeeya drukpathaanni samarthinche "dhi worlwind" anae vaarapatrikanu saha-sthaapinchaaru. vivian, erskine mariyu melville henry maas 1891loe grate britton mariyu ireland yokka chattabaddhamaina jacobite leagnu erpaatu chesaaru, idhi chaalaa samvatsaraalu konasaagindi. vivian jacobite vedikapai naalugusaarlu paarlamentu kosam nilabaddadu-ayinappatikee athanu pratisaaree ennika kaavadamlo viphalamayyaadu. modati prapancha yuddhamtho punarujjeevanam chaalaavaraku mugisindi, aaa kaalamlooni vividha samaajaalaku ippudu raaja vidvaamsula samajam praatinidhyam vahistondi.
ingland, scatland, ireland mariyu france simhaasanaalaku hakkudaaru.
henry maranam taruvaata, jacobite vaarasulu evaruu aangla ledhaa scottish simhaasanaalanu pondaledu. charless I yokka pratyaksha varasudu ayina bavaria duke (jananam 1933) franz, house off stewart yokka prastuta chattabaddhamaina varasudu. 1701 settlement chattanni raddu cheyadam valla athanu simhasananni pondadaaniki veelu kalpistundani soochinchabadindi, ayinappatikee athanu alaa cheyadaaniki aasakti chuupaleedu.

