
aleppo ilet

aleppo ilet (;) anedi ottoman saamraajyaaniki chendina oka ilet. ottoman vijayam taruvaata idhi damascus nundi paalinchabadindi, conny 1534 natiki aleppo kotta kanureppaku rajadhaanigaa cheyabadindi. 19va sataabdamloo dheeni nivedinchabadina praantam. daani rajadhani aleppo 16va mariyu 17va sataabdaalaloo ottoman saamrajyamlo moodava atipedda nagaramgaa undedi.
charitra.
anatolia mariyu thoorpu madhya vaanijya maargamlo daani vyuuhaatmaka bhougolika sthaanaaniki dhanyavaadaalu, ottoman yugamlo aleppo adhika praamukhyatanu pondindi, oka samayamlo saamrajyamlo sthiramaina prajala taruvaata rendava sthaanamlo undhi. 16va sataabdam madhya natiki, aleppo thoorpu nundi madhyadhara praantaaniki vachhe vastuvulaku pradhana marketga damascusnu sthaanabhramsham chesindi. ottoman saamraajyamtho ingland vaanijyaanni guttadhipatyam cheyadaaniki 1581loe sthaapinchabadina ummadi-vaanijya samstha ayina london yokka levant company, anumati unnappatikee, damascuslo oka karakanni ledhaa agentnu sthiraparachadaaniki eppuduu prayatninchaledu anae vaastavam dwara idhi pratibimbistumdi. 18va sataabdam chivari varaku aleppo company pradhana karyalayamga panicheesaaru.
aardhika abhivruddhi phalitamgaa, aneka european rashtraalu 16va mariyu 17va sataabdaalaloo aleppolo consulatelanu praarambhinchaayi, 1548loe venis republic consulate, 1562loe france consulate, 1583loe ingland consulate mariyu 1613loe netherlands consulate vantivi. eee kaalamlo aleppo edaari lothattu praantaalu mariyu vaanijya margalalo abu rish yokka bedouin emirlu mariyu all-abbas kutumbaalu aadhipatyam chelayinchayi, veerini ottoman rashtram adhikarikamga "edaari emirlu" ("Çölbayi") gaa niyaminchindi.
edemaina, 1722loe safavid raajavamsam pathanamtho iraanlo pattu utpatti ksheeninchadamto 16va mariyu 17va sataabdaalaloo aleppo anubhavinchina sreyassu ksheeninchadam praarambhinchindi. sataabdam madhya natiki, caravans iraan nundi aleppo varaku pattu teesukuraavadam ledhu, mariyu sthaanika syrian utpatti airopa demandku saripoledu. european vyaapaarulu alepponi vidichipetti, nagaram aardhika ksheenataloki vellindi, idhi 19va sataabdam madhyakaalam varaku tiragabadaledu, sthaanikamgaa utpatti cheyabadina patthi mariyu pogaaku europeanlaku aasakti kaliginche pradhana vastuvulugaa marai.
1869loe suez kaaluva praarambhinchadam valla aleppo aardhika vyavastha teevramgaa debbatindi. idhi, 1841loe kendra prabhutvam gananeeyamaina samskaranalanu amalu chesina taruvaata vacchina raajakeeya asthirathatho paatu, aleppo ksheenataku mariyu aleppotho teevramaina aardhika mariyu raajakeeya potidaarugaa damascus perugudalaku dohadapadindi.
aardhika paripalana.
16va sataabdam praarambhamlo, aleppo adhikarulu pedda purapalaka sarvelanu samanvayam chesi, janabhanu mapp chesi, kendrikruta niyantrana kosam vaatini paripalana vibhagaluga vargeekarinchaaru. sataabdam rendava bhaagamlo yuddha aadhuneekarana purapalaka paripaalanalo maarpulanu prothsahinchindi, kendrikruta vyavastha sthaanamlo pattana janabha vaari swantha vidhaanaalanu nirnayinchadaaniki veelu kalpinche vikendrikruta maargadarsakaala samitini erpaatu chesaaru. idhi nagarallo asalu pannu ledhaa sainika aakramana sthaayilanu maarchaledu.
paripalana vibhagala gurinchi telisina pourula sthaanikula sahayamtho sarvelu nirvahinchabaddaayi. sarvenu samakuurchadamloo sahaayapadatamlo vaari seva kaaranamgaa eee sthaanikulaku asaadhaarana pannula nundi minahaayimpu labhinchindi. vaari vidhulu survey brundaalu nagaram antataa prayaaninchadaaniki mariyu vasati kanugonadaaniki sahayapade avakaasam undhi, ayithe vaaru sampada mariyu pedarikam ekkada unnayane daani gurinchi vaari avagahananu kooda andinchagaligaaru mariyu sthaanika samajam mariyu paripalana paddhatula gurinchi vaari vadda unna samacharanni nivedinchagaligaaru. udaaharanaku, oka samuuhamloo "oka bodhakudu, suufii sheikh, vyapari, aswikadalam, praantiiya mandaliki anubandhinchabadina adhikari" unnaaru. eee havabhavalu surveyarlu nagaram gurinchi samagra avagahana patla aasakti kaligi unnaarani niroopinchaayi, mariyu vaaru vividha vanarula nundi samacharanni pondutunnaarani sthaanika janaabhaaku haamii icchaaru.
survey yokka praathamika vibhagam bayt, idhi arabic dhaar kuu anugunamgaa untundi mariyu oke praamgana illu gurinchi untundi. rendava pedda unit kaisariye ledhaa kaisarhk, idhi chinna vaanijya bhavanalanu matrame kakunda, kendra market praantamloo caravancerois kooda kaligi unna vividha gadulatho kuudina praamganam nirmaanam. eee bhavanalu tarachugaa vividha rakaala nagara nivaasitulaku vasati kalpinchevi, veerandaroo akkada nivasinchadaaniki yajamaniki edho oka rakamaina adde chellinchevaaru.
1640 nundi 1700 varaku aleppo nivaasitula nundi awariz pannu ledhaa asaadhaarana pannu vasoolu cheyabadindi. 19va sataabdapu tanzimat samskaranala varaku tarachugaa yuddha samayaallo vachhe anoohya kharchulanu teerchadaaniki nivaasitulu pannu chellinchaalsi vachindi. eee kharchulaku udaaharanalu sainika sthaavaraalaku vastuvulanu taralinche ravana kharchulu ledhaa sainyaniki sahayam cheyadaaniki pratyeka dalaalanu cherchukovadaniki rusumu. idhi ekkuvagaa nagaravaasula bhujaalapai padinappatikee, nagara nivaasitulu mariyu purapalaka sarihaddula shivaarlalo nivasinche raitula nundi sekarinchabadindi. eee pannu gatamlo unna yea pannu yantraamgaanni bharti cheyadaaniki roopondinchabadaledu, conny puurtigaa pannu nirmaanaaniki anubandhamgaa roopondinchabadindi.
avarizane anae aardhika vibhaganni upayoginchi awariz pannunu nirnayinchi, vasoolu chesaaru. avarizane anedi pannu vasoolu chesevaariki nirdishta mottaanni chellinche aneka kutumbaala saamarthyaanni suuchistumdi. idhi prarambha ottoman tapu vyavasthaku bhinnamgaa undedi, indulo avarizane vyavastha oke inti kante, chellinche bahula gruhaala saamarthyaanni nirnayinchindi. saampradaaya tapu vyavasthaku badulugaa eee vyavasthanu upayoginchadaaniki oka kaaranam, huns ikapai vyaktigata kutumba vibhagala yajamanyamlo laevu. badulugaa, oke gorrenu vividha maargaalloni aneka vibhina gruhalu aakraminchavacchu. kotta vyavastha kinda oke hunn gaa pariganinchabade vatiki baadhyata vahinche quarter adhikarulu saadhaarana aardhika sthirathvam aadhaaramgaa pannulanu tirigi sampradinchavacchu ledhaa kutumbam yokka aardhika vijayam aadhaaramgaa pannulanu tirigi pampinhee cheyavachu.
bhoomi yokka sthithi mariyu bhuu yajamani gurtimpu dwara kooda pannu vasoolu nirnayinchabadutundi. bhuswamy riya taragati sabhyudaithe, athanu pannulu chellinchaalani bhaavinchevaaru. ayithe, yajamani aaskerilo sabhyudaithe, appudu ataniki alaa cheyakunda minahaayimpu ivvabadindi. 1616loe jarigina prarambha paripalana sarvelo aaa bhoomini cherchakapothe, adhi harikaga ledhaa pannu vidhinchaleni chaalaa paatadigaa pariganinchabadutundi. aaa samayaniki mundu daani rikaardu unte, adhi daani yajamani yokka sthithitho sambandham lekunda vishwavyaaptamgaa pannu vidhinchadaginadigaa pariganinchabadindi. eee charyala taruvaata, paripalana sarvelo bhoomini saapeksha sampadagaa vargeekarinchaaru. eee vidhanalu nyaayasthaanamlo pannulu vivadaspadamga unde vidhananni bhaareega prabhaavitam chesaayi; paarteelu oka vyakti yokka pannu sthithini charchinchavu, conny bhoomi yokka sthithini charchistaayi mariyu vaaru bhoomi yokka prastuta yajamani gurinchi charchincharu, conny survey samayamlo yajamani gurinchi charchistaaru. nivaasitulu tarachugaa registerku mundu unna yajamanya golusunu pradarsinchadam dwara vaari aasti yokka pannu vidhinchadagina sthithipai vaadanalu geluchukunnaru, bhoomi yokka sthithi askeri anie niroopinchaaru. nivaasitulu pannu minahaayimpulanu pondagala maroe paddhati minahaayimpu kosam kendra aardhika samsthaku petition veyadam. idhi okappudu kadimga pariganinchabade bhoomini decreepy harikga maarustundi. prabhutva adhikarulu dheeni yokka chikkulanu gurtinchi, application dwara andubaatulo unna vaati sankhyanu parimitam cheyadaaniki prayatninchaaru.
aleppo loe harik yokka swaabhaavika lakshanaalu chaalaa kavalsinavi ayinappatikee, askeri taragati sabhyulaku vaari taragati kaaranamgaa vatiki pratyeka praapyata ledhu. vaaru vaatini pondadaaniki itara konugoludaarulato pootii padavalasi vachindi, ayinappatikee vaaru rhea sabhyulu pondani hakkulanu pondaaru. oka udaaharana emitante, ippude marketloki pravesinchina bhoomini konugolu cheyalanukuntunnara anie askeri sabhyulanu realo deeninainaa mundu adigaru. vibhina saamaajika vargaalaku nirdishta hakkulanu andinche eee vyavastha maroka paripalana vyavasthanu pooli untundi, antey. vruttiparamaina vyaparalu, ekkuvagaa sanghaalu ledhaa vaanijya samsthalu, aaa paarisraamika samuuhamloo sabhyudiga pariganinchabade vyaktulaku hakkulanu pradaanam chesaayi. eee hakkulu sangha sabhyula aardhika guttadhipatyanni kaapaadataaniki upayoginchabaddaayi, endukante gidec hakkulu unna sabhyulaku migilina janaabhaaku andubaatulo laeni dukaanaalu mariyu marketlu andubaatulo undevi.
paripalana vibhagalu.
1690 mariyu 1740 madhya aidu sanjakaalu eee krindi vidhamgaa kanureppalo undevi