
saahitya siddhaantam

saahitya siddhaantam anedi saahityam yokka swabhaavam mariyu saahitya vislaeshanha paddhatula kramabaddhamaina adhyayanam. 19va sataabdam nundi, saahitya vidvattulo saahitya siddhaantam mariyu medho charitra, naitika tatvasaastram, saamaajika tatvasaastram mariyu prajalu ardhaanni elaa ardham chesukuntunnaro daaniki sambandhinchina antar-kramasikshanaa itivruttaalu unnaayi. aadhunika vidyaasamsthalalo maanaveeya saastraalalo, saahitya paandityapu taruvaati shaili nirmaanaanantaram yokka oka saakha. tatphalitamgaa, "siddhaantam" anae padam paataalanu chadavadaaniki panditula vidhaanaalaku godugu padamgaa maarindi, veetilo konni sanketasastram, saamskrutika adhyayanalu, bhasha tatvasaastram mariyu khandantara tatvasaastram dwara teliyajeyabadataayi.
charitra.
saahitya siddhaantam yokka abhyasam 20va sataabdamloo oka vruttigaa maarindi, conny dheeniki puraatana grease (aristatle yokka "kavitvam" tarachugaa udaharinchabadina prarambha udaaharana), puraatana bharatadesam (bharata muni yokka "naatya shaastram"), mariyu puraatana rome (langinus yokka "udaattatapai") varaku chaaritraka muulaalu unnaayi. madhyayuga kaalamlo, madhyapraachyamloni panditulu (all-jahij yokka "all-bayan vaa-ell-tabeen" mariyu "all-hayawan", mariyu ibn all-muu 'taaz yokka "kitab all-badhi") mariyu airopa saahitya adhyayanala aadhaaramgaa rachanalanu tayaaru cheyadam konasaaginchaaru. 18va mariyu 19va sataabdaala varaku praacheena tatvasaastram nundi tatvavettala soundarya siddhaantaalu prastuta saahitya adhyayanampai mukhyamaina prabhavalu chupayi. saahityam yokka siddhaantam mariyu vimarsalu saahitya charithratho mudipadi unnaayi.
kontamandi panditulu, saiddhaantika mariyu siddhaanta vyatiraeka, siddhaantam yokka vidyaaparamaina yogyatalapai 1980luu mariyu 1990la charchalanu "siddhaanta yuddhalu" gaa paerkontaaru. takkuva saamarthyam unna siddhaantakartalu ghnaanameemaamsa yokka niroopitamaina paddhatulanu vidichipettaarani, phalitamgaa abhyasam, parisoedhana mariyu moolyaankanamlo nirantara lopaalu unnayani maark bayarleen vanti kondaru panditulu vaadistuunae unnaaru.
sameeksha.
saahitya siddhaantam yokka praathamika prasnalalo okati "saahityam antey emiti?"-ayinappatikee chaalaa mandhi samakaaleena siddhaantakartalu mariyu saahitya panditulu" "saahityam" "nirvachinchabadadani ledhaa adhi bhasha yokka yea upayogaanni suuchimchagaladani nammutaaru". nirdishta siddhaantaalu vaati paddhatulu mariyu teermaanaala dwara matrame kakunda, avi "vachanamlo" ardhaanni elaa srushtistaayane daani dwara kooda vaeru cheyabadataayi. ayithe, kontamandi siddhaantakartalu eee grandhaalaku "sarainadi" gaa pariganinchabade ekavachana, sthiramaina ardham ledani angeekaristunnaaru.
saahitya siddhaantakartalu tarachugaa khandantara tatvasaastram mariyu bhasha tatvasaastram yokka chaalaa vaividhyamaina sampradaayaanni anusaristaaru kabatti, vaari vidhaanaala yokka edainaa vargeekarana kevalam oka anchanaa matrame. aneka rakaala saahitya siddhaantaalu unnaayi, ivi grandhaalaku vibhina vidhaanaalanu teesukuntaayi. chaaritraatmakamgaa mukhyamaina vistruta siddhaanta paatasaalallo chaaritraka mariyu jeevitacharitraatmaka vimarsalu, kotta vimarsalu, laanchanapraayamainavi, russian laanchanapraayamainavi mariyu nirmaanavaadam, nirmaanaanantaram, marxism, streevaadam mariyu french streevaadam, valasavaadaanantaram, kotta chaaritrakavaadam, punarnirmaanam, paatakula pratispandana vimarsalu mariyu manasika vislaeshanhaatmaka vimarsalu unnaayi.
paatasaalala madhya vibhedaalu.
vividha siddhaanta paatasaalala yokka vibhina vivaranaatmaka mariyu ghnaanasaastra drukpathaalu tarachugaa vividha naitika mariyu raajakeeya kattubaatla nundi udbhavistaayi, anduvalla maddatu istayi. udaaharanaku, kotta vimarsakula rachanalu tarachugaa oka avyakta naitika koonaanni kaligi untaayi, konnisaarlu oka mataparamaina koonaanni kooda kaligi untayih oka kotta vimarsakudu oka kavitanu chadavavacchu. ess. elliot ledhaa gerard manley hopkins aadhunika prapanchamlo nammakam kosam teevramaina anveshana yokka peedanam mariyu vairudhyaanni vyaktam cheyadamlo nijayiti yokka sthaayiki. intalo, oka marxist vimarsakudu atuvanti teerpulanu vimarsanaatmakamgaa kakunda kevalam saiddhaantikamgaa kanugonavacchu; kotta vimarsanaatmaka patanam taginantagaa ledani marxist chebutaaru. ledhaa oka post-structuralist vimarsakudu oka padyam yokka mataparamaina ardhaanni ardham yokka upamanamga ardham chesukovadam dwara, padyam yokka suuchanalanu "devudu" gurinchi vaaru soochinche daani kante vaati suuchana swabhaavaanni charchinchadam dwara pariganinchadam dwara samasyanu nivaarinchavacchu.
atuvanti asammatini sulabhamgaa parishkarinchalemu, endukante idhi vimarsakula yokka puurtigaa bhinnamaina nibandhanalu mariyu lakshyaalalo (antey siddhaantaalu) antarleenamgaa untundi. vaari pathana siddhaantaalu chaalaa bhinnamaina medho sampradaayaala nundi udbhavinchaayih kotta vimarsakudu thoorpu-theera american panditula mariyu mataparamaina sampradaayampai thana panini aadharam chesukuntadu, ayithe marxist thana aalochananu vimarsanaatmaka saamaajika mariyu aardhika aalochanala nundi pondaadu, post-structuralist yokka pani iravayyava sataabdapu khandantara bhasha tatvasaastram nundi udbhavinchindi.
1950la chivaralo, kenadian saahitya vimarsakudu northrope fry prarambha paatakula pratispandana mariyu aneka manasika mariyu saamaajika vidhaanaala aandolanalanu parishkaristuu chaaritraka vimarsalanu mariyu kotta vimarsalanu raajee cheyadaaniki oka vidhananni erpaatu cheyadaaniki prayatninchaadu. athani "anatomy off critics" loe perkonna athani vidhanam, spashtamgaa nirmaanaatmakamainadi, idhi antar paatya "padaala kramam" mariyu konni nirmaana rakaala saarvatrikatapai aadhaarapadindi. ayana vidhanam aneka dasaabdaala paatu aangla saahitya karyakramalalo aadhipatyam chelaayinchindi, conny nirmaanaanantaram aadhipatyam saadhinchinappudu aadarana kolpoyindi.
saahityamlooni konni siddhaantaalaku (mukhyamgaa konni rakaala laanchanapraayamaina), "saahityam" mariyu itara rakaala grandhaala madhya vyatyaasam atyanta praamukhyata kaligi untundi. itara paatasaalalu (mukhyamgaa nirmaanaanantaram daani vividha rupallo kotta chaaritrakata, punarnirmaanam, marxism mariyu streevaadam yokka konni jaatulu) rendinti madhya vyatyaasaalanu vichchinnam cheyadaaniki prayatninchaayi mariyu chalanachitram, kaalpanikam kaani, chaaritraka rachana mariyu saamskrutika sanghatanalatho sahaa vistruta shreni "grandhaalaku" vachana vivarana saadhanaalanu vartimpajesaayi.
saahitya siddhaantam yokka "puurti asamarthatha" navalanu edurkovalasi vachinappudu spashtamgaa telustundani mikhail bakhtin vaadinchaaru; itara sailulu chaalaa sthiramgaa unnappatikee, navala inca abhivruddhi chendutondi.
saahitya vivarana yokka vividha siddhaantaalalo maroka keelakamaina vyatyaasam uddesapurvakata, oka rachana gurinchi rachayita yokka swantha abhipraayaalaku mariyu uddeshaalaku ivvabadina baruvu. 20va sataabdaaniki mundu chaalaa vidhaanaalaku, rachayita yokka uddeshaalu maargadarsaka karakalu mariyu grandhaala "saraina" vivaranaku mukhyamaina nirnayaadhikaarulu. kotta vimarsha anedi grandhaalanu ardham chesukovadamlo rachayita paatranu tiraskarinchina modati paatasaala, daggari pathanamlo "vachanampai" drushti pettadaniki ishtapadutundi. vaastavaaniki, laanchanapraayamaina mariyu taruvaati paatasaalala madhya entha vivaadam unnappatikee, oka rachana gurinchi rachayita yokka vivarana itara rachanala kante sahajamgaa ardhavantamainadi kaadani vaaru abhipraayapadutunnaaru.
paatasaalalu.
saahitya siddhaantam yokka atyanta saadhaaranamgaa gurtinchabadina paatasaalallo konni, vaati pradhana rachayithalatho paatu krinda ivvabaddaayi

