
aii accelerator

aii accelerator anedi krutrima medhassu mariyu krutrima naadii netvarklu mariyu yantra drushti sahaa yantra abhyasa anuvartanaalanu vegavantam cheyadaaniki roopondinchina pratyeka hardware accelerator ledhaa computer vyavastha yokka taragati. saadhaarana anuvartanaalalo robotics, internet off things mariyu itara dayta-intensive ledhaa sensor-nadiche panula kosam algorithamlu unnaayi. avi tarachugaa aneka pradhana namuunaalu mariyu saadhaaranamgaa takkuva-khachitamaina ankaganitam, kotta dayta flow nirmaanaalu ledhaa memory computing saamardhyampai drushti pedataayi. oka vilakshanhamaina aii integrated circuit chiplo billionla koddi mosefet transisterlu untaayi.
eee vargamlooni parikaraala kosam aneka vikreta-nirdishta padaalu unnaayi, mariyu idhi aadhipatya roopakalpana laeni abhivruddhi chendutunna saanketikata.
charitra.
computer vyavasthalu tarachugaa cpunu kopraasesarlu anie piluvabade pratyeka panula kosam pratyeka-prayojana acceleratorlatho puurti chesaayi. pramukha anuvartana-nirdishta hardware unitlalo graphics kosam veediyo kaardulu, sound kaardulu, graphics prosessing unitlu mariyu digital signal processorlu unnaayi. 2010laloe lothaina abhyasam mariyu krutrima medhassu panibharam praamukhyata peragadamtho, eee panulanu vegavantam cheyadaaniki pratyeka hardware unitlu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi ledhaa ippatike unna utpattula nundi sweekarinchabaddaayi. aii acceleratorla paniteerunu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki ml perf vanti benchmarklanu upayoginchavacchu.
prarambha prayatnaalu.
intel yokka etton 80170nx vanti modati prayatnaalu neural functionlanu lekkinchadaaniki analog circuitlanu cherchaayi. taruvaata nester/intel nii1000 vanti anni digital chips anusarinchaayi. 1993 lone, digital signal processorlu optical aksharaala gurtimpu softwarenu vegavantam cheyadaaniki neural network acceleratorluga upayoginchabaddaayi. 1990laloe, neural network anukaranalatho sahaa vividha anuvartanaalanu lakshyamgaa chesukuni workstationla kosam samaantara adhika-nirgamaamsa vyavasthalanu roopondinche prayatnaalu kooda jarigaayi. fpga aadhaarita acceleratorlu kooda 1990laloe anumanam mariyu sikshana rendinti kosam modatisaarigaa anveshinchabaddaayi. 2015loe qualcomm snapdragon 820thoo praarambhinchi smartphonelu aii acceleratorlanu cherchadam praarambhinchaayi.
bhinnamaina ganana.
bhinnamaina computing anedi oke vyavasthalo aneka pratyeka praasesarlanu cherchadaanni ledhaa oke chipnu kooda cherchadaanni suuchistumdi, prati okkati oka nirdishta rakamaina pani kosam optimize cheyabadindi. sell microprocessor vanti nirmaanaalu aii acceleratorlatho gananeeyamgaa ativyaapti chendutunna lakshanaalanu kaligi unnaayi, veetilo pyaak cheyabadina takkuva khachitatva ankaganitam, dayta flow aarkitekcharku maddatu, mariyu jaapyam kante 'nirgamaamsa' kuu praadhaanyata ivvadam. sell microprocessor taruvaata eaitho sahaa aneka panulaku vartinchabadindi.
2000laloe, sipus veediyo mariyu gaming panibhaaramtho nadiche vistruta simmed unitlanu kooda pondindi; alaage pyaak chesina takkuva-khachitamaina dayta rakalaku maddatu ichindi. sipus paniteeru peragadam valla, avi panibharanni amalu cheyadaaniki kooda upayoginchabadutunnaayi. chinna ledhaa madhya taraha samaantarata kaligina dnnlaku, takkuva dnnlaku mariyu takkuva batch-parimaana paristhitulalo sipus merugainadi.
gpu yokka upayogam.
graphics prosessing unitlu ledhaa gpus anevi chitraala taarumaaru mariyu sthaanika chitra lakshanaala ganana kosam pratyaekamaina hardware. naadii netvarklu mariyu chitra taarumaaru yokka ganita aadharam saruupyamgaa untaayi, maatrikalatoe kuudina ibbandikaramgaa samaantara panulu, idhi yantra abhyasa panulaku gypus ekkuvagaa upayoginchabadataaniki daariteestundi. gpus aii paniki prachuryam pondaayi, mariyu avi sweeya-driving kaarlu vanti parikaraalalo sikshana mariyu anchanaa rendinti kosam lothaina abhyasanni sulabhataram chese disalo abhivruddhi chendutune unnaayi. envidia envilink vanti gpu developerlu dayta flow workloadla valla kalige prayojanaala kosam adanapu anusandhaana saamarthyaanni abhivruddhi chestunnaru. aii twaranaaniki gypus ekkuvagaa vartinchabadutunnanduna, gpu tayaareedaarulu eee panulanu marinta vegavantam cheyadaaniki neural network-nirdishta hardwarenu chaerchaaru. tensor korlu neural networkla sikshananu vegavantam cheyadaaniki uddesinchabaddaayi.
fpgs vadakam.
lothaina abhyasa chatraalu ippatikee abhivruddhi chendutunnayi, idhi anukuula hardwarenu roopondinchadam kashtataram chestundi. feeled-prograamable gate shrenulu (fpga) vanti punarnirminchadagina parikaraalu hardware, frameworklu mariyu softwarenu okadaanitoe okati abhivruddhi cheyadaanni sulabhataram chestaayi.
microsoft anumitini vegavantam cheyadaaniki fpga chipsnu upayoginchindi.
ankitamaina aii accelerator asix aavirbhavam.
aii-sambandhita panulaku sipus kante gypus mariyu efpizaalu chaalaa merugga panicheestundagaa, application-nirdishta integrated circuit (asic) dwara marinta nirdishtamaina design thoo 10 varaku saamarthyaanni pondavacchu. eee acceleratorlu ganananu vegavantam cheyadaaniki mariyu ganana yokka nirgamaamsaanni penchadaaniki optimize chesina memory vadakam mariyu takkuva khachitatvamto kuudina ankaganitam vadakam vanti vyuuhaalanu upayogistaayi. eyi acceleration upayoginchina konni takkuva-khachitamaina floating-point formatlu sagam-khachitatvam mariyu bfloat16 floating-point formatt. google, qualcomm, amazon, aapil, facebook, amd mariyu shamsung vanti companylu tama sonta aii esiklanu roopondistunnaayi. cerebras vyavasthalu parisramalooni atipedda processor aadhaaramgaa pratyaekamaina aii acceleratornu kooda nirminchaayi, idhi rendava taram wafer scale injin (doubleuse-2), lothaina abhyasa panibhaaraaniki maddatu istundi.
inn-memory computing nirmaanaalu.
juun 2017loe, IBM parisoedhakulu inn-memory computing mariyu taatkaalika sahasambandham gurtinchadaaniki vartinche dasha-maarpu memory shrenula aadhaaramgaa vaan neuman nirmaanaaniki viruddhamgaa oka nirmaanaanni prakatinchaaru, vaividhyamaina computing mariyu bhaarii samaantara vyavasthalaku vidhananni saadhaaraneekarinche uddesyamto. october 2018loe, ibm parisoedhakulu inn-memory prosessing aadhaaramgaa oka nirmaanaanni prakatinchaaru mariyu lothaina naadii netvarklanu vegavantam cheyadaaniki maanava medadu yokka synaptic netvarknu roopondinchaaru. eee vyavastha dasha-maarpu ghnaapakasakti shrenulapai aadharapadi untundi.
analog resistive memariilatoe inn-memory computing.
2019loe, polytechnico dii milano parisoedhakulu oke operation dwara konni padula nanosecondlalo sarala sameekaranaala vyavasthalanu parishkarinchadaaniki oka marganni kanugonnaru. vaari algorithm analog resistive memariilatoe inn-memory computingpy aadharapadi untundi, idhi samayam mariyu shakti yokka adhika saamardhyamtho panichestundi, oom yokka chattam mariyu kirchaff yokka niyamanni upayoginchi oka dasalo maatrika-vaahaka gunakaaram nirvahinchadam dwara. cross-point resistive memariilatoe kuudina feedback circuit sarala sameekaranaalu, matricks igenvectorlu mariyu avakalana sameekaranaala vyavasthalu vanti beejaganita samasyalanu kevalam oka dasalo parishkarinchagaladani parisoedhakulu chuupimchaaru. atuvanti vidhanam digital algorithamlatho poliste ganana samayanni gananeeyamgaa meruguparustundi.
anuvutho sannani semikandaktarlu.
2020 loe, maaregaa mariyu itarulu. floating-gate feeled-effect transisterla (fgft) aadhaaramgaa logic-inn-memory parikaraalu mariyu circuitlanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki pedda-praanta kriyaaseela chaanal materialtho prayogaalanu prachurinchindi. atuvanti anuvutho sannani semikandaktarlu shakti-samarthavanthamaina yantra abhyasa anuvartanaalaku asajanakamga pariganinchabadataayi, ikkada tarka karyakalapalu mariyu dayta nilva rendintikee oke praathamika parikara nirmaanam upayoginchabadutundi. rachayitalu semiconducting malibdinum disulfide vanti dvi-miteeya padaarthaalanu upayoginchaaru.
integrated photonic tensor core.
2021loe, zhe. feldman mariyu itarulu. samaantara convolutional prosessing kosam integrated photonic hardware acceleratornu pratipaadinchaaru. electronic pratyardhula kante integrated photonics yokka rendu mukhya prayojanaalanu rachayitalu gurtinchaaruh (1) frequency duvvenalatoe kalipi tarangadairghyam vibhajana multiplexing dwara bhaarii samaantara dayta badilee, mariyu (2) chaalaa ekkuva dayta modulation vegam. vaari vyavastha sekanuku trillionla koddi gunakam-sanchayam karyakalapalanu amalu cheyagaladu, idhi dayta-heavy aii anuvartanaallo integrated photonics saamarthyaanni suuchistumdi.
naamakaranam.
2016 natiki, eee rangam inca pravaahamlo undhi mariyu vikretalu tama sonta marketing padaanni "aii accelerator" kuu samanamga munduku teesukuvelutunnaaru, vaari namuunaalu mariyu apis aadhipatya roopakalpana avtayani aasatoe. eee parikaraala madhya sarihaddupai ekaabhipraayam ledhu, ledhaa avi teesukune khachitamaina roopam ledhu; ayithe aneka udaaharanalu spashtamgaa eee kotta sthalaanni bharti cheyadame lakshyamgaa pettukunnayi, saamardhyalalo sarasamaina mottamlo ativyaapti untundi.
gatamlo viniyogadaarula graphics acceleratorlu udbhavinchinappudu, parisrama chivariki envidia yokka sweeya-ketaayinchina padam, "gpu" nuu sweekarinchindi.
direct3dii samarpinchina namuunaanu amalu chese mottam pipelinelo sthirapadataaniki mundu aneka roopaalanu teesukunna "graphics accelerators" kuu saamuuhika namavachakam.