polyelectrolyte adhishoshanam

ghana uparitalaalapai polyelectrolyte adhishoshanam anedi oka uparitala drugvishayam, ikkada chaarj cheyabadina samuuhaalatoe (polyelectrolytes anie piluvabade) podavaina golusu polymer anuvulu vyatiraeka dhruvanatalo chaarj cheyabadina uparitalamtho bandhistaayi. paramaanu sthaayilo, polymerlu vaastavaaniki uparitalamtho bandhinchabadavu, conny antar-paramaanu saktulu mariyu polymer yokka vividha side groupula vibhajana dwara srushtinchabadina chaarjeela dwara uparitalaaniki "antukune" dhorani kaligi untaayi. polymer anuvulu chaalaa podavugaa unnanduna, avi uparitalaanni taakadaaniki pedda mottamlo uparitala vaisaalyaanni kaligi untaayi, anduvalla chinna anuvulu chese avakaasam unnanduna avi ksheeninchavu. dheeni ardham polyelectrolytes yokka adhishoshita poralu chaalaa mannikaina puutanu yerparustaayi. polyelectrolyte porala yokka eee mukhyamaina lakshanam kaaranamgaa avi parisramalo floculentsga, draveekarana kosam, kosam, antistatic agentluga, chamuru recovery sahayamga, poeshanhaloo jelling sahayamga, concreetulo sankalanaluga ledhaa rakta anukuulata merugudala kosam vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadataayi.
pora nirmaanam yokka gatisastram.
ghana uparitalaaniki draavanamloo polyelectrolytes yokka adhishoshana pravartanaku namuunaalu chaalaa paristhitula prakaram untaayi. vividha polyelectrolyte lakshanaalu mariyu ekagrata, draavanam yokka ionic balam, ghana uparitala paatra mariyu Ph, aneka itara kaarakaala aadhaaramgaa chaalaa bhinnamaina pravartanalu pradarsinchabadataayi. eee sanklishta namuunaalu khachitamaina namuunaalanu roopondinchadaaniki konni paaraamitula kosam anuvartanam dwara pratyekinchabaddaayi.
saiddhaantika gatisastram.
ayithe, eee prakriya yokka saadhaarana lakshanaanni draavanamloo polyelectrolyte thoo sahetukamgaa baga roopondinchavacchu, mariyu uparitalam mariyu golusu madhya samayojaneeya paraspara charya jaragani viruddhamgaa charge cheyabadina uparitalam. chaarj cheyabadina uparitalam vadda polyelectrolyte yokka adhishoshitam parimaanam kosam eee namuunaa draavanamloo chaarj cheyabadina kanaala paraspara charyanu roopondinche dalvo siddhaantam nundi teesukobadindi, mariyu vislaeshanha kosam vyavasthalanu saralikrutam chese sagatu kshetra siddhaantam.
savarinchina poison-boltzmann sameekaranam mariyu sagatu kshetra sameekaranaanni upayoginchi, charge cheyabadina uparitalaaniki sameepamlo ekagrata profile sankhyaaparamgaa parishkarinchabadutundi. eee sameekaranaala parishkaram electrolyte chaarj fraction, ρ, mariyu bulk salt concentration, formula _ 1 aadhaaramgaa adhishoshita mottaaniki γ anae saralamaina sambandhaanni istundi.
ikkada suutram _ 3 anedi taggina uparitala sambhaavyatah
mariyu suutram _ 5 anedi bjerrum podavu
pora-dwara-pora adhishoshanam.
polyelectrolyte adhishoshanhalo chaarj keelaka paatra poeshistumdi kabatti, chaarj cheyabadina uparitalaalaku polyelectrolyte adhishoshana yokka prarambha raetlu tarachugaa vaegamgaa untaayi, uparitalaaniki dravyarashi-ravana (vyaapti) raetu dwara matrame parimitam cheyabadataayi. uparitalam vadda chaarj perukupovadam sambhavinchinappudu eee adhika raetu twaragaa taggutundi, mariyu aakarshanheeyamaina saktulu ikapai uparitalampai ekkuva polyelectrolyte golusulanu geeyadam ledhu. adhishoshana raetlaloo eee taggudalanu chaarj ovar compensation sambhavinche dhoranini upayoginchukovadam dwara edurkovachhu. pratikuulamgaa charge cheyabadina ghana uparitalam vishayamlo, catanic catanic golusulu vyatiraekamgaa chaarj cheyabadina uparitalaaniki adhishoshinchabadataayi. vaati pedda parimaanam mariyu adhika charge saandratalu asalu pratikuula uparitala chaarjnu atigaa bharti chestaayi, phalitamgaa catanic polyelectrolytes kaaranamgaa nikara saanukuula chaarj erpadutundi. eee ghana uparitalam, daani catanic polyelectrolyte pora mariyu paryavasanamga saanukuula uparitala chaarjto, appudu ionic polyelectrolyte draavanaaniki gurikaavacchu, akkada prakriya mallee praarambhamavutundi, vyatiraeka chaarj uparitalamtho maroka poranu srushtistundi. eee prakriyanu ghana uparitalampai aneka dvipadaraalanu srushtinchadaaniki punaraavrutam cheyavachu.
vishayaala yokka prabhavalu mariyu parishkaram yokka naanhyata.
polyelectrolyte adhishoshana yokka prabhavam draavanam yokka vishayaala dwara mariyu polyelectrolytes karige draavakam yokka naanhyata dwara baga prabhaavitamavutundi. uparitala-polymer interfaces yokka adhishoshana lakshanaalanu draavakam prabhaavitam chese praathamika yantraamgaalu draavakam yokka vidyudvaahaka prabhavam, draavakam yokka rasayana swabhaavam ledhaa jaatula dwara sulabhataram cheyabadina steric aakarshana ledhaa vikarshanam mariyu daani ushnograta. vikarshana steric saktulu entropy aadharapadi untaayi mariyu polymer golusula yokka taggina aakruteekarana entropy valla sambhavistaayi. edainaa nirdishta polyelectrolyte draavanam pradarsinche paraspara charyanu khachitamgaa namuunaa cheyadam kashtam, endukante steric saktulu polymer mariyu draavakam rendinti rasayana alankarana kalayikatho paatu draavanamloo unna edainaa ionic jaatulapai aadharapadi untaayi.
draavakam empika.
polyelectrolyte mariyu adhi unchina draavakam madhya paraspara charyalu draavanamloo mariyu uparitalampai nikshepanalo polymer yokka nirmaanampai pedda prabhavanni chuuputaayi. vaati pratyeka swabhaavam kaaranamgaa, polyelectrolytes draavakaala kosam aneka empikalanu kaligi untaayi, ivi polyethylene, styrene mariyu itara saampradaaya polymerlu karigipovu. dheeniki manchi udaaharana neeru. neeru adhika dhruvanata draavakam ayinappatikee, idhi ippatikee aneka polyelectrolytelanu karigistundi. draavanamloo polyelectrolyte yokka aakruti draavakam mariyu polymer madhya (saadhaaranamgaa ananukuulamaina) paraspara charyala samatulyata mariyu polymer yokka vyaktigata punaraavruta unitla madhya sthiravidyutho vikarshana dwara nirnayinchabadutundi. oka polyelectrolyte golusu daani saktini optimize cheyadaaniki podavaina sthuupaakaara golakaranni yerparustundani soochinchabadindi. konni namuunaalu marinta munduku velli, "neckless" aakruteekaranalo chaalaa pedda vyaasa golaakaara golaakaaraalanu anusandhaaninche sthuupaakaara golakarala shreni atyanta samarthavanthamaina aakruteekarana anie pratipaadistaayi.
manchi draavakam.
manchi draavanamloo, polymer mariyu draavakam yokka punaraavruta unitla madhya sthiravidyuth saktulu anukuulamgaa untaayi. puurtigaa sahajamgaa laenappatikee, idhi polymer marinta patishtamgaa pyaak cheyabadina aakrutini oohinchadaaniki kaaranamavutundi. polyelectrolyte yokka chaarj cheyabadina punaraavruta unitla madhya draavakam anuvulu chese screening kaaranamgaa, polymer golusu anubhavinche sthiravidyuttunu vikarshinchadam taggutundi. polymer vennemuka paelavamaina draavanamloo vale balamgaa tippikottadu kabatti, polymer golusu oka compact conformation oohinchi, chaarj cheyani polymer maadirigaane panichestundi.
paelavamaina draavakam.
paelavamaina draavanamloo, draavakam anuvulu polyelectrolyte yokka charge cheyabadina bhaagaalato paelavamgaa ledhaa ananukuulamgaa sankarshana chendutaayi. punaraavruta unitla madhya chaarjeelanu samarthavantamgaa pareekshinchalekapovadam valla polymer daani punaraavruta unitla sthiravidyutho vikarshanam kaaranamgaa vadulugaa tayaaravutundi. eee paraspara charyalu polymer uparitalampai marinta ekareetigaa jama cheyadaaniki anumatistaayi.
uppu saandrata.
oka ionic sammelanam draavanamloo kariginappudu, ayanlu polyelectrolyte golusulapai chaarjeelanu pareekshinchadaaniki panicheestaayi. draavanam yokka ionic gaadata polyelectrolyte yokka pora erpade lakshanaalanu alaage draavanamloo polymer oohinchina aakrutini nirnayistundi.
adhika uppu.
adhika uppu saandratalu anukuulamaina draavanamloo polymer anubhavinche paraspara charyala maadirigaane paristhitulaku kaaranamavutaayi. polyelectrolytes, charge cheyabadinappatiki, ippatikee pradhanamgaa carbon vennupuusatoe dhruvarahitamgaa untaayi. polymer vennemukapai chaarjeelu sthiravidyuttunu prerepistaayi, idhi paalimarnu marinta bahiranga mariyu vadulugaa conformationloki nadipistundi, chuttupakkala draavanamloo uppu adhika saandrata unte, appudu chaarj vikarshana pareekshinchabadutundi. eee chaarjnu pareekshinchina tarvaata polyelectrolyte adhika ionic balam gala draavanamloo yea itara dhruvetara polymer laaga panichestundi mariyu draavanamthoo paraspara charyalanu tagginchadam praarambhistundi. idhi uparitalampai marinta nindi mariyu dattamaina paalimarku daariteestundi.
takkuva uppu.
takkuva ionic balam gala draavanamloo, polymer yokka punaraavruta unitlapy unde chaarjeelu aadhipatya shakti niyantrana kuurpu. punaraavruta unitla madhya vikarshana paraspara charyalanu pareekshinchadaaniki chaalaa takkuva chaarj unnanduna, polymer chaalaa vistrutamaina, vadulugaa unna aakrutini oohistundi. eee kuurpu uparitalampai marinta ekareeti poranu anumatistundi, idhi uparitala lopaalu mariyu ekareeti kaani uparitala lakshanaalanu nivaarinchadamlo sahaayapadutundi.
polyelectrolyte porala paarisraamika upayogaalu.
andubaatulo unna vividha rakaala ionic polymerla kaaranamgaa bahula rakaala uparitalaalapai polyelectrolytelanu vartimpajeyavachu. vividha rakaala roopakalpana lakshyalanu neraverchadaaniki vaatini ghana uparitalaalapai bahula-pora roopamlo vartimpajeyavachu, vaatini colloidal vyavastha yokka sthirathvaanni penchadaaniki ghana kanaalanu chuttumuttadaaniki upayoginchavacchu mariyu vaatini oka swatantra nirmaanaanni roopondinchadaaniki kooda sameekarinchavachhu, idhi maanava sareeram antataa mandulanu ravana cheyadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi.
polymer puutalu.
polymer puuta parisramalo polyelectrolyte bahula poralu manchi parisoedhana rangam, endukante vaatini neeti aadhaarita draavanamloo takkuva kharchutho spray-aann paddhatiloo vartimpajeyavachu. polymerlu sthiravidyuth saktula dwara matrame uparitalampai unchabadinappatikii, bahula-pora puutalu drava kotha kinda dookudugaa antukuntaayi. eee puuta saanketikataku pratikuulata emitante, poralu zell yokka sthirathvaanni kaligi untaayi mariyu anduvalla rapidiki vyatiraekamgaa balaheenamgaa untaayi.
steinless steel tuppu nirodhakata.
tuppu nirodhinchadaaniki pora-dwara-pora application paddhatini upayoginchi steinless steelnu puuyadaaniki saastravettalu polyelectrolytelanu upayoginchaaru. tuppu nirodhinchabadina khachitamaina vidhanam teliyadu endukante polyelectrolyte bahula poralu neetitho nindinavi mariyu zell lanty sthirathvam kaligi untaayi. oka siddhaantam emitante, poralu ukku tuppu pettadaniki veelugaa chinna ayanlaku abhedyamaina addankini yerparustaayi. adanamgaa, bahula-pora poralooni neeti anuvulu polyelectrolyte ionic samuuhaalachae parimita sthithilo unchabadataayi. idhi ukku uparitalam vadda neeti rasayana karyakalapalanu taggistundi.
implant merugudala.
saareeraka dravaalatoe sambandham unna aneka biomedical parikaraalu pratikuula videshee shareera pratispandana ledhaa tiraskaranaku gurayye avakaasam undhi, tadwara parikaram viphalamavutundi. sankramana yokka pradhana vidhanam biophilm erpadatam, idhi dravyarashi dwara sumaru 15 saatam bacteria kanaalu mariyu 85 saatam hydrophobic exopolysaccharide fiberlatho kuudina sesile bacteria yokka maatruka. eee pramaadaanni tolaginchadaaniki oka maargam implant sameepamlo unna praantaaniki sthaanika chikitsanu vartimpajeyadam. implantationku mundu vaidya parikaraniki aushadha-choppinchina polyelectrolyte bahula poranu aplai cheyadam dwara idhi cheyavachu. eee saanketikatato lakshyam polyelectrolyte bahula porala kalayikanu srushtinchadam, ikkada oka bahula pora biophilm erpadataanni nirodhistundi mariyu marokati vyaapti dwara chinna-anuvu aushadhaanni vidudala chestundi. sareeramloki adhika motaadu mandulanu vidudala chese prastuta saanketikata kante idhi marinta prabhaavavantamgaa untundi mariyu baadhita praantaaniki navigate cheyadaaniki daanilo kontha bhaganni nammutundi. implant kosam samarthavanthamaina puutaku bays layer dmlpei/πa, ledhaa leanier n, n-dodessil, methyl-paalii (ethylenemine)/paalii (acrylic aamlam).
colloid sthirathvam.
polyelectrolyte adhishoshana yokka maroka pradhana anuvartanaalu ghana colloidal suspensionlu ledhaa soals yokka sthireekarana (ledhaa asthirata). draavanamlooni kanaalu hamekar siddhaantam dwara roopondinchabadina vaan derr walls saktula maadirigaane aakarshanheeyamaina saktulanu kaligi untaayi. eee saktulu colloidal kanaalanu sameekarinchadaaniki ledhaa floculate cheyadaaniki kaaranamavutaayi. hamekar aakarshanheeyamaina prabhavam draavanamloo kollayidla yokka okati ledhaa rendu vikarshana prabhaavaala dwara samatulyam cheyabadutundi. modatidi sthiravidyuth sthireekarana, dheenilo kanaala chaarjeelu okadaanikokati tippikodataayi. draavanamloo kana uparitala chaarj kaaranamgaa unna gta sambhaavyata kaaranamgaa eee prabhavam untundi. rendavadi steric prabhaavaala kaaranamgaa steric sthireekarana. adhishoshita polymer golusulato kanaalanu geeyadam valla uparitalampai polymer golusula yokka conformational entropy baga taggutundi, idhi thermodynamicga ananukuulamgaa untundi, idhi floculation mariyu gaddakattadanni marinta kashtataram chestundi.
rangulu mariyu rangula vishayamlo vanti suspensionlanu sthireekarinchadaaniki polyelectrolyte adhishoshananu upayoginchavacchu. kana uparitalaaniki vyatiraeka charge cheyabadina golusulanu grahinchadam dwara, gta-sambhaavyatanu tatastheekarinchadam dwara mariyu kalushitaalu flaculation ledhaa gaddakattadaaniki kaaranamavadam dwara suspensionlanu asthiraparachadaaniki kooda dheenini upayoginchavacchu. idhi vyardha-neeti suddhi loe ekkuvagaa upayoginchabadutundi, kalushitaala yokka suspensionlanu floculate cheyadaaniki balavantam chestundi, vaatini filter cheyadaaniki anumatistundi. nirdishta jaatulanu lakshyamgaa chesukovadaniki catanic ledhaa ionic swabhaavam kaligina vividha rakaala paarisraamika floculantlu unnaayi.
drava korla yokka aavarana.
polyelectrolyte bahula pora oka kolaayidnu manjuru chese adanapu sthirathvaanni upayoginchadam anedi drava core kosam ghana puutanu srushtinchadam. polyelectrolyte poralu saadhaaranamgaa ghana uparitalaalapai adhishoshitam cheyabadataayi, avi neeti emulsionlu ledhaa kollayidlalo noone vanti drava uparitalaalaku kooda adhishoshanam cheyabadavachhu. eee prakriyaku chaalaa saamarthyam undhi, conny idhi chaalaa kashtataramainadi. kollayidlu saadhaaranamgaa surfuctantlu mariyu tarachugaa ionic surfuctantla dwara sthireekarinchabadathaayi kabatti, surfuctantku samanamga chaarj cheyabadina bahula-pora yokka adhishoshanam polyelectrolyte mariyu surfuctant madhya sthiravidyuttunu vikarshinchadam valla samasyalanu kaligistundi. ionic kaani sarfaktantlanu upayoginchadam dwara dheenini tappinchukovacchu; ayithe, ionic sarfaktantlatho poliste neetilo eee ionic kaani surfuctantla draavaneeyata baga taggutundi.
eee korlanu okasari srushtinchina tarvaata, aushadha pampinhee mariyu microriactorlu vanti vatiki upayoginchavacchu. aushadha pampinhee kosam, polyelectrolyte shell kontha samayam tarvaata vichchinnamavutundi, aushadhaanni vidudala chestundi mariyu jeernavyavastha gundaa prayaaninchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi, idhi aushadha pampinhee prabhaavaaniki atipedda addamkulalo okati.

