
moshe rapar

moses rapar (-april 15,1891) oka african american nirmuulanavaadi, rachayita mariyu vakta. athanu united stateslo thana baanisatvam gurinchi thana "saahasaala kathanam mariyu american baanisatvam nundi moses rapar tappinchukovadam" loe oka prabhaavavantamaina kathanaanni raasaadu mariyu american baanisatvam yokka krooratvam gurinchi european prajalaku teliyajeyadaaniki grate britton mariyu irelandlo vaelaadi upanyaasaalu icchaadu.
prarambha jeevitam.
roper 1815 loe uttara karolinaloni caswell counteeloo janminchaadu. athanu dakshinaadi planter ayina henry roparku janminchaadu, athanu athani yajamani kooda; athani talli, nancy, african american mariyu sthaanika santatiki chendinadi, aame henry roper banisaga undedi. henry nanseepai atyaachaaram chesaadani athani bhaarya telusukunnappudu, aame naanseeni hatya cheyadaaniki prayatninchindi, kaani nancy talli alaa cheyakunda addukundi. mosheku edu samvatsaraala vayasulo, athanu thana talli nundi vidipoyaadu mariyu iddaroo chaalaa samvatsaraalu tirigi kalavaledu. uttara carolina mariyu floridalo roparnu aneka mandhi baanisalu banisaluga chesukunnaru, akkada aneka prayatnaala taruvaata athanu baanisatvam nundi tappinchukogaligaadu. roper taruvaata taanu 16 nundi 20 saarlu tappinchukovadaaniki prayatninchaanani, prati viphalamaina prayatnam tarvaata, thana yajamani chetilo himsimchabaddaadani, durviniyogam cheyabaddadani cheppadu. thana baanisa kathanamlo, athanu georgialo tirigi swaadheenam chesukovadam nundi tappinchukune thana paddhatini vivarinchaaduh athanu raitula brundaanni edurkonnadu, vaaru athani kosam uchita paas rasaru
"neenu naa pasportnu aameku choopinchinatlu natinchaanu, naa kotu mariyu topi gurinchi pratichota daani kosam bhaavinchaanu, mariyu adhi dorakaledu, neenu konchem tirigi vellaanu, daani kosam vetukutunnatlu natinchaanu, conny tirigi vacchaanu," nannu kshaminchandi, conny adhi ekkada undho naaku teliyadu... [raitulu sahayam cheyadaaniki mundukochaaru, vaari] abbai kuurchuni neenu cheppinadi vrasadu, daadaapu pasport kosam oka pedda kaagitam sheet nii, marokati sifaarasulatoe nimpaaru."
roper chivariki newyork cherukuni, aaa praantamloo churukuga unna baanisa catcherlache gurtinchabadatadani bhayapadi, kontakaalam paatu masachusets mariyu vermontku vellaadu. athani tandri tellajati vyakti ayinanduna, rapar tellagaa undataaniki paas cheyagaligadu mariyu athani bhadrata kosam sahacharulu yuu loe cheramani koraru.ess. avaanchita shraddha nundi tappinchukovadaaniki sainyam. ayithe, american nirmuulanavaadula sahayamtho, roper badulugaa grate britanku uddesinchina oodaloo ekki londonlo sthirapaddaaru. akkada, athanu thana baanisa kathanaanni prachurinchaadu, "american baanisatvam nundi moses rapar yokka saahasaala kathanam mariyu tappinchukovadam"; baanisatvam yokka bhayanakatapai pratyakshamgaa prabhaavavantamaina kathanam, eee pustakamlo rapar yokka baanisatvam mariyu athanu chusina pratidee, alaage banisaga unnappudu athanu pondina himsa yokka chitraalu unnaayi. martha zhe prakaram. kattar, 1838 sanchika, indulo aidu drushtaamtaalu unnaayi, idhi banisaga unna african american prachurinchina modati sachitra baanisa kathanaalalo okati. roper yokka kathanam "yajamani yokka praatinidhya vyavasthaku minchina agency mariyu aatmaasraya roopaalanu varnistundi, kraistava prateekavaadam yokka" poralu "namuunaalu, idhi amaraveerudini prerepistundi mariyu nirodhakata mariyu churukaina baanisa sareerampai siluva veyadaanni kooda prerepistundi."anduvalla vachanam" kraistava moksham yokka oka vidhananni pradarsistundi, indulo okari vidhini devuni chetilo unchadam, conny okari paadaalanu paaripoye sthithilo unchadam (baanisatvam nundi dhooramgaa ledhaa bayata) untundi."eee grandham yokka drushtaamtaalu" "oka rakamaina vimukti vedaantasaastram dwara nirmuulanavaada charchalo saadhaarana banisatva nirmuulana yokka nirmaanaalanu kooda punarnirmistaayi"."
eee pustakamlo, roper thana baanisalalo okaraina mister yokka krooratvaanni prastaavinchaadu. gooch
"naa yajamani naaku oka hridayapurvaka vindu icchaaru, athanu naaku icchina uttamamainadi; conny athanu naaku uddesinchina anni koradaalato mundu nannu chanipokunda unchadaaniki idhi jarigindi. bhojanam taruvaata athanu nannu oka logg-houseku teesukellaadu, nannu chaalaa nagnamgaa battalu vesukunnadu, oka railu pattanu chaalaa ettulo kattadu, naa chetulanu railuku kattadu, naa paadaalanu kattadu, naa paadaala madhya oka railu pattanu, nannu pattukoovadaaniki daani oka chivara nilabaddadu; aaa iddaru kumaarulu naaku yaabhai korada debbalu, alludu maroe yaabhai korada debbalu, mister. gooch swayamgaa inca yaabhai...idhi nammasakyam kaanidigaa anipinchavacchu, conny prastutam vaaru vadilipettina gurtulu naa sareerampaine unnaayi, idhi ayana teevrata gurinchi eee prakatana yokka nijaayiteeki nilakadaga saakshyamgaa undhi."
grate britton mariyu irelandlo thana upanyaasaala samayamlo, rapar eee kathalanu tirigi cheppadu mariyu american baanisatvam yokka krooratvaanni highlight cheyadaaniki korada debbalu, golusulu mariyu maanakltho sahaa himsalo upayoginchina saadhanaalanu pradarsinchaadu. 1838 eprillo shefield loe jarigina oka samavesamlo, athanu korada debbalu mariyu kshetra baanisalanu kottadaniki upayoginche "neegro flopper" anae maaruperuto oka parikaranni pradarsinchaadu.
britton mariyu irelandlo kriyaaseelata.
inglandlo rapar yokka prothsaaham jagrattagaa pranaalika cheyabadindi; athanu rev kuu parichaya lekhalanu teesukuvellaadu. daa. fletcher, rev. daa. morrison mariyu rev. daa. raffles, vaari dwara athanu itara saanubhootigala poeshakulanu, mukhyamgaa revnu kalisaadu. daa. tii. dhara mariyu rev. eff. cox, mariyu thamus fowell buxton vanti pramukha british nirmuulanavaadulu. united stateslo banisaluga unnappudu chadavadam mariyu vrayadam neerchukunee avakaasaanni niraakarinchina roper, oxfordshireloni wallingfordloni hockneyloo alaa elaa cheyaalo neerchukunee avakaasaanni teesukunnadu, aapai london vishwavidhyaalayamlo pravesinchaaduh
"hockneyloo neenu ardha samvatsaram undi, aangla vidya yokka praathamika amsaala dwara vellaanu. eee samayamlo neenu doctor cox paricharyaku hajarayyanu, adhi naaku chaalaa aanandamgaa undhi... rev yokka tallidandrula samrakshana, naa ghnaapakam nundi eppatikee bayatapadadani neenu nammutunnaanu. doctor morrison, vaari nundi neenu cheppagalanu, neenu goppa dayanu pondaanu."
american baanisatvam gurinchi gnaanaanni vyaapti cheyadaaniki desamloni chaapellalo paryatinchaalane athani lakshyamlo athani poeshakulu ataniki sahayam chesaaru; mariyu athani aatmakathaku sabhyatvaanni pondaaru mariyu pracharam cheyadaaniki sahayapaddaru.
roper ingland yokka podavu mariyu vedalpu, alaage ireland, scatland mariyu vaelslooni aneka pradaesaalaloo paryatinchi, yuu. ess loe baanisatvaanni raddu cheyadaaniki prayatninchaaru.ess.
londonlo ayana modati prasamgaalu rendu 1836 maeloe jarigaayi. modatidi rev loe. thamus prais yokka baptist chappel, devanshire square, mariyu rev yokka swatantra finsbury chappel vadda rendavadi. alegzander fletcher. prati okkati pedda samuuhaanni aakarshinchindi mariyu vistrutamgaa nivedinchabadindi, idhi american baanisatvampai british abhipraayaalanu prabhaavitam chesindi.
1840loe broadfordloo jarigina samavesam tarvaata oka vaartaapatrika pratinidhi rapar prasamgaanni vivarinchaaduh
"" "athanu united states yokka raitulu mariyu vaari nirdaya paryaveekshakulu upayoginche saareeraka siksha yokka konni saadhanaalanu pradarsinchi, vivarinchaadu mariyu baanisalu edurkontunna badhala gurinchi mariyu baanisatvam yokka vyavastha americaloni dakshina raashtraala tella janabhanu tagginchina digajaarina paristhiti gurinchi vichaarakaramaina vivaraalanu icchaadu"...mister. roper, tappinchukovadaaniki chesina prayatnaala yokka sanghatanaatmaka adrushtam gurinchi thana varnanalo, thana shrotala rommulalo praanaantakamaina saanubhootini rekettinchaadu mariyu montgomery (shefield) kavitvam yokka aneka aatma-kadilinche jaatulanu pathinchaadu. baanisatvam nundi vimukti pondaalani taanu korukunna, conny ippudu chanipoyina thana talli yokka vidhi gurinchi athanu oka bhaavamtho vicharam vyaktam chesaadu. maarumuula raashtraalaku vikrayinchabadina thana sodarulu mariyu sodareemanula nirmanushya paristhitini ayana vistarinchaadu, vaari nundi tanaku iteevali kaalamlo etuvanti telivitaetalu laevu. taanu ippatikee americanu premistunnaanani, aangla vaataavaranamtho taanu chaalaa badhapaddanani, inca british pourudigaa pariganinchabadatam thana teevramaina korika anie, conny chattaparamaina pourasatvam thana aardhika maargaala kante ekkuvagaa undani ayana paerkonnaaru.""
thana paryatana antataa, roper american baanisatvampai sampradaaya drukpathaalanu savaalu chesaadu. 1838loe leicesterlo oka prasangamlo ayana ilaa prakatinchaaduh "chaalaa mandhi chebutaaru" idhi baanisala vaipu prasna. baanisalu vaerae katha chebutaaru.meeru 250 samvatsaraala kritam baanisala katha vinnaru. ippudu, baanisalu maatlaadataaniki idhi samayam anie neenu anukuntunnanu "."1848 natiki, athani baanisa kathanam 38,000 kaapeelaku paiga ammudaindi, velsh bhaashalo 5,000 kaapeelaku paiga ammudaindi. athanu britton mariyu ireland antataa daadaapu prati kounteelooni baptist, swatantra, methodist mariyu quaker charchilu mariyu town haallalo 2,000 saarlu upanyaasaalu icchaadu mariyu scottish highlandslo upanyaasaalu icchina koddimandi kaaryakartalalo okadu. roper yokka upanyaasa paryatana yokka puurti paridhi aascharyakaramgaa untundi, mukhyamgaa cornwall mariyu wales looni graameena samaajaalaku ayana chesina prayaanaalanu parigananaloki teesukunnappudu. ayana matlade pradaesaala mapp kosam suuchanalanu chudandi.
thana upanyaasa paryatanala samayamlo raaparku saanukuula spandana vachinappatikee, athani nirmuulanavaadi sahacharulatho athani sambandham debbatindi. rapar yokka 1838 sanchikalo athani kathanam, rev. thamus prais oka sakshyanni vrasadu, idhi [rapar] yokka nigraham, telivitaetalu mariyu nijaayiteeki nissandehamaina sakshyanni kaligi undhi.thana sonta prajalalo upayogapadataaniki arhata pondalanedi athani goppa aasayam; mariyu athanu ippatike saadhinchina purogati, vidya saadhanaalanu kontakaalam paatu bhadraparachagaligite, kreestu suvaarta yokka satyaalalo africa pillalaku bodhinchadaaniki athanu goppa arhata kaligi untaadane nammakanni samarthistundi.ayithe, rendu samvatsaraala taruvaata, dhara roparnu" "aadambaramaina mariyu bhaktula jeevitam" "kosam bahirangamgaa vimarsinchindi".athani nirantara" "yachinchadam" "athani" "missionary kavalane asalu mariyu prakatita pranaalikaku" "viruddhamgaa undhi mariyu roper thana sakshyanni kathanam nundi tolaginchaalani demand chesindi". 1840 chivaralo "deshabhaktudu" vaartaapatrika pageelalo charcha chelaregindi, aafrikaalo missionary avtanani gatamlo icchina vaagdaanaalanu tippikottadamto dharala vasoolu chesindi. athani kathanam yokka taruvaati sanchikalu dhara yokka sakshyanni tolaginchaayi.
american baanisatvam yokka krooratvam gurinchi athani vruttaamtaalanu nammadaniki niraakarinchina kondaru thana upanyaasa paryatanala samayamlo roper abaddhaala aaropanalanu kooda edurkonnaru. 1836loe, roper oka sthaanika vaartaapatrikaku oka gouravaneeyamaina aarr anie raasaadu. zhe. united stateslo oka banisanu sajeevamgaa kalchadanni suuchistuu neenu chesina prakatana yokka khachitatvanni breakinridge prasninchaadu.rapar aaa katha nijamani breakinridge mariyu vaartaapatrika sampaadakudiki haamii icchi, aaa vichaarakaramaina sanghatana yokka vivaraalanu vivarinchadaaniki munduku sagadu.georg anae banisanu chettuku bandhinchi, athani meda, chetulu, kaalla chuttoo golusu gundaa, atanni surakshitamgaa unchaaru".pedda mottamlo" taaru mariyu turpentine athani talapai poesaaru...] mariyu aaa durbharamaina vyakti mantallo maraninchaadu.hatya jarigina chaalaa kaalam taruvaata, sthaanika baanisalaku heccharikagaa," baanisa georg chuudataaniki kattina chettu yokka stump matrame kaadu, athani kaalina emukalalo konni kooda unnaayi.avasaramaite taanu" "atyanta gambheeramaina paddhatiloo dhruveekarinchadaaniki siddhamgaa unnaanu" "anie rapar raasaadu," "neenu banisaga unnappatikee, naa swantha pariseelana paridhiloo vacchina vaastava vishayaalapai naa sakshyam andukuntundani neenu nammutunnaanu".roper thana khaataala nijaayitiipai savaalu cheyabadatam idhe chivarisaari kaadu, mariyu athani prakatanalanu tarachugaa patrikalu prasninchaayi. ayinappatikee, baanisalu edurkontunna himsa gurinchi thana chitra vivaranalapai raajee padataniki roper niraakarinchaadu mariyu thana anubhavaala gurinchi "nijam cheppadaniki" ellappuduu nischayinchukunnaadu.
eee kaaranamgaa, roper tanantata taanugaa upanyaasam ivvadaaniki ishtapaddaduh saampradaaya nirmuulanavaada gatiseelatanu khandistu, oka vaartaapatrika pratinidhi roper "taanu matlade samavesalaku adhyakshata vahinchadaaniki oka chhairman enduku ishtapadaledani perkonadam dwara praarambhinchaadani namodu chesaaru. athanu america nundi vacchaadu, idhi swaatantryam pondina bhoomi, mariyu athanu swatantramgaa undaalani, mariyu yea samsthanu ayina baadhinche pramaadaanni nivaarinchaalani korukunnadu, idhi athanu bahusha thana konni pariseelanala dwara cheyavachu. konnisaarlu chhairman thana abhiprayalalo thanatho puurti nidivigaa velladaaniki siddhamgaa laerani, adhi vichaaranalapai prabhavam choopindani ayana kanugonnaru. aaa tarvaata athanu tananu taanu moshe raparga parichayam chesukunnadu."
kutumbam mariyu yuu loe jeevitam.ess..
roper december 21,1839naa inglaandlooni bristol loe aann stephen praisnu vivaham chesukunnadu. ataniki naluguru kumartelu unnaru okaru 1844loe kenadaaku velle maargamlo atlanticlo janminchaaru, iddaru cubeclo janminchaaru mariyu 1850 mariyu 1857 madhya nova skotialo janminchina athi pinna vayaskudu. athanu moodusaarlu united kingdamku tirigi vacchaaduh modata 1846loe "vyaktigata vishayalanu parishkarinchadaaniki" (bahusha athani "kathanam" yokka kotta editionnu erpaatu cheyadaaniki); taruvaata 1854loe mariyu 1861kii kontakaalam mundu, upanyaasam ivvadaaniki. chivarisariga, athanu thana bhaarya mariyu kumaartelanu tirigi teesukuvacchaadu, 1861 british janabha lekkala prakaram vaaru thana mamayyatho (vilium prais) merthire tidefill, glamorgaon, vaelsloo nivasistunnaaru, roper inglaandlooni cambridgelo undagaa, oka vasati gruhamlo nivasistunnaaru.
1861 taruvaata kontakaalam taruvaata, moshe roper yuu. ess. kuu tirigi vacchaadu.ess.akkada ayana oka prayaana upanyasakudiga maari, "africa mariyu african prajalu", "jaatula rangula kaaranaalu" mariyu "pavitra bhoomi" thoo sahaa vividha vishayaalapai upanyaasam ivvadaaniki desavyaaptamgaa paryatinchaaru. athanu yuu kuu tirigi vacchina taruvaata anie telustondi.ess.athani kutumbam athani nundi mallii ennadoo vinaledu; 1871 natiki, athani bhaarya tirigi vivaham chesukundi mariyu athani chinna kumarte alis maerii maad rapar 1883loe vivaham chesukunnappudu, rapar paeru vyaakhyatho jabita cheyabadindi "(maraninchina)."
thana maranaaniki chaalaa samvatsaraala mundu, roper tanaku labhinchina upaadhini teesukoni nyuu ingland gundaa tirigaadu; athanu james tii polamlo kshetrasthaayi panivaduga panicheestuu unnadu. 1891 eprillo balamaina pattanaaniki sameepamlo unna franklin county, mainlo naipunyaalu, athani balam ksheeninchinappudu. roper, chaalaa paelavamaina saareeraka sthithilo, jebulo vanda dollarla kante konchem ekkuva dharatho mariyu peater anae kukkatho (athani nammakamaina sahacharudiga varninchabadindi) masaachusetslooni bostonku railulo unchabadindi.
rapar mariyu athani kukka boston cherukunnaru, conny athanu oka railway stationlo apasmaraka sthithilo kanipinchi boston city aasupatriki taralinchaaru. athanu kanugonabadinappudu, athanu "naalugu chokkalu, rendu ovarkotlu mariyu moodu jatha paantaloonlu dharinchi, jalubu nundi baga rakshinchabaddaadani" mariyu athanu "gunde mariyu moothrapindaala vyaadhula samasyatho mariyu taamaratoe kooda baadhapadutunnaadani" gurtinchabadindi, idhi chivariki 1891 april 15naa athani maranaaniki daariteesindi. athani kukkanu athani mancham pakkana nundi lagavalasi vachindi. roparnu bostanloni oka daridrudi samaadhilo khananam chesaaru, ayithe american patrikalalo athani samsmaranalu rendu yuu. ess. laloe athani nirmuulana pani yokka praamukhyatanu gurtinchaayi.ess mariyu eurup.

