
kudat

kudat () anedi malaysialoni sabah kudat divisionloni kudat jillaaku rajadhani. 2010loe dheeni janabha sumaru 29,025gaa anchanaa veyabadindi. idhi kudat dveepakalpamlo, rashtra rajadhani kotaa kinaabaaluku uttaraana undhi mariyu borneo yokka uttaraana unna pradaesaaniki sameepamlo undhi. idhi rungas prajala nadibodduna unna atipedda pattanam, idhi majority kadajan-dusun jaatiki chendina upa-jaathi samuuham, anduvalla idhi rungas samskrutiki pradhana kendramgaa undhi. chainees malaysianlu, mukhyamgaa hakka maandalika samuuham nundi sthirapadina sabah yokka modati bhagalalo idhi okatigaa kooda gurtinchabadutundi. idhi uttaraana unna malaysia nagaram.
vyutpatti.
ippudu kudat praantamgaa unna eee praantaaniki sthaanika rungas sthaanikulu modata 'tomborungan' anie paeru pettaru. appati nundi adrusyamaina tamborungus nadhi paeru meeda dheeniki paeru pettaru. sthaanika puraanaala prakaram, prarambha british sthiranivaasulu eee pradaesam paeru adiginappudu, sthaanika ranggas prajalu vaarini tappugaa ardham chesukuni, eee praantamloo samruddhiga perige mutaka gaddi jaathi paeru adugutunnarani bhaavinchaaru. rungas maandalikamlo gaddini kutad anie pilustaaru. idhi chivariki 'kudat' gaa paadaipoyi, 'tomborungan' anae paatha paerunu bharti chesindi.
charitra.
kudat pattanaanni sthaapinchadam.
kudat yokka asalu nivaasulu sthaanika rungas prajalu, dusun prajala upa samuuham, veeru saampradayakamgaa teerapraantaaniki tarachugaa vachhe samudrapu dongalaku cherukoleni vidhamgaa undataaniki longhouse communitylalo lothattu praantamloo nivasinchaaru.
19va sataabdam chivaralo, british north borneo chartered companylo panichese anveshakudu franz vitti, prastuta kudat pattanam velupala 26 kilometres dhooramlo chamurunu kanugonnadu. british north borneolo tama modati sthaavaramgaa company kudatnu enchukoovadaaniki idhi oka kaaranam kaavacchu. kudat pattanam adhikarikamga 1881 december 7naa sthaapinchabadindi. british north borneo yokka modati rajadhaanigaa kudatnu prakatinchadaaniki sannahakamgaa company adhikarulu aneka brunai maleyula sahayamtho bhoomini tolaginchadam praarambhinchaaru. idhi chivariki 1882loe adhikarikamga cheyabadindi. british sthiranivaasulu temengung kuranthud (appati rungas prajala adhipati) mariyu dathu haroon (appudu kudat muslim samajam nayakudu) thoo shanti oppandampai santakam cheyadam dwara tama sthaanika poruguvaaritho saantitoe jeevinchelaa chusukunnaru.
kudaatlooni british valasa adhikarulu sabaalo modati golph club ayina kudat golph klabnu srushtinchadam dwara vaari vinoda avasaralanu teerchelaa chusaru. asalu tommidi randhraala, 3075 meterla course 1900la praarambhamlo puurtayimdi. daani chuttoo roadlu mariyu bhavanalu daggaragaa undatam valla idhi oka savaluga gurtinchabadindi.
chaina kaarmikula digumati.
company tadupari dasha chaina valasadaarulanu bhoomipai pani cheyadaaniki teesukuraavadam. videshee jaatula utpaadaka mariyu paarisraamika viluva" anie bhaavinchinanduna idhi eee prayojanam kosam videshee kaarmikulanu teesukuraavadaaniki aasrayinchindi... borneo sthaanikula kante chaalaa ekkuva... sthaanikulu vyaktigatamgaa, videshee jaatula vale raashtraaniki viluvaina aastulugaa maaradaaniki chaalaa samayam padutundi ". 1882loe, appati uttara borneo governor vilium croker, chaina valasadaarulanu british uttara borneoku pampadaaniki chainaalo immigration kamishanarga niyaminchabadina walter medherst sahayanni abhyardhinchaaru. akkada udyogam korukune aasakti unna yea chainees prajalaku ayina british north borneoku uchita marganni medherst andinchindi. eee valasadaarulalo chaalaa mandhi digivacchi, aaa kaalaneelo atipedda pattanaluga unna kudat mariyu sandakanlalo sthirapaddaaru. 1885loe medherst united kingdamku tirigi vachhe samayaniki, kudat nivaasitulaloo 937 mandiloo 328 mandhi chaineeyulu. veerilo 222 mandhi dukanadaruluga panicheesaaru. eee samayamlo, company british uttara borneo rajadhaanini sandakan kuu tharalinchadamtho kudat yokka praamukhyata gananeeyamgaa ksheeninchindi. ayithe, kudaatku chaina valasalu nemmadigaa unnappatikee konasagayi.
rendava prapancha yuddham.
rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo, japan saamraajya sainyam indoneshiyaaloni jaava nundi sthaanikula sahayamtho mariyu balavantamgaa kaarmikula sahayamtho kudatlo oka vaimanika sthaavaraanni nirminchi, nirvahinchindi. pagadapu raallanu besga upayoginchi runway nirminchabadindi. indonesia kaarmikulalo chaalaa mandhi vyaadhi mariyu aakali kaaranamgaa maraninchaaru. 1945loe, united states phaar eest air fores thana bii-25 bomberlatho padepade airfieldpy bambu daadi chesi, daanini nishkriyam chesindi. prastuta kudat vimaanaasrayam japan nirminchina airfieldlo bhaagamgaa nirminchabadindi.
yuddhaanantaram.
rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata, kudat migilina british uttara borneo nundi takkuva drushtini aakarshinchindi, idhi sandakan mariyu kotaa kinabalu (appudu gesselton anie piluvabade) yokka vegavantamaina perugudalato chaalaa kaalam paatu marugunapadindi. 1960laloe kudatnu kotaa kinaabalutoe anusandhaaninche rahadari nirminchabade varaku samudram dwara matrame cherukune avakaasam undatam kudat yokka ontaritanaanni marinta teevrataram chesindi. 1990la varaku sthaanikulu ekkuvagaa kobbari mariyu samudrapu aahara parisramalapai drushti pettaru, appudu saampradaaya ranggas samskrutini anubhavinchadaaniki takkuva sankhyalo sandarsakulu kudatku ravadam praarambhinchaaru.
2000la praarambhamlo, kudat vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendindi. aneka prajectula teppa kudatku aneka kotta hotallu, oka creeda kendram, sidec esplanade mariyu pattanaanni paan-borno haivetho kalipe kotta rahadaarini andinchindi. adanamgaa, kudat golph clublo unna tommidi randhraala korsunu 6080 meterla kante ekkuva ettulo puurti 18 randhraalaku vistarinchaaru. nedu, paatha tommidi randhraala korsunu 'rendava tommidi' anie pilustaaru, ayithe kotta tommidi randhraala korsunu 'modati tommidi' anie pilustaaru.
samskruti.
hakka chainees community.
kudat gananeeyamaina hakka chainees minorityki nilayam, idhi sabaloni puraatana hakka samajalalo okati. kudatlo hakka prameyam 1880laloe dakshina chainaalooni kaboye valasadaarulaku british north borneoku uchita marganni walter medherst pratipaadanatoe praarambhamaindi.
chainaalooni bassel missionary society eee choravaku chaalaa maddatu ichindi, mukhyamgaa rudolph leckler anae missionary, 'christian hakka valasaku gaad father' gaa abhivarninchabaddaadu. athanu gwangdong provincelo nivasistunna kraistava hakkalanu medherst pratipaadananu sweekarinchamani churukuga prothsahinchaadu. kudatku valasa vacchina modati samuuham 1883loe vacchi laa saan sthaavaraanni sthaapinchindi (chainees ч мон; pinyin l соо сан; aksharala 'paatha parvatam'). 1889loe, kotta samuuha sthiranivaasulu sinn saan (chainees <unk>; pinyin xin shaan; aksharala 'kotta parvatam') kotta sthaavaramlo sthirapaddaaru. taruvaata vacchina vaaru kudat pattanaaniki marinta dhooramlo kotta sthaavaraalanu srushtinchaaru. veetilo pinangsu (saampradaaya chainees binn long suu; pinyin binlong shu; aksharala 'beatle nutt tree'), tamalong mariyu sikuvati (chainees <unk>; pinyin xīguā dí) gramalu unnaayi. maargadarsaka sthiranivaasulu ekkuvagaa hakkalu kaga, taruvaata vacchina vaarilo kondaru hokeen, contonese mariyu hainees maandalika samuuhaala nundi vacchaaru.
eee prarambha hakka setilarlaku company vaari modati aaru nelalaku uchita bhoomi mariyu panimutlatho paatu aahara reshanlanu andinchindi. dheeniki badulugaa, sthiranivaasulu tama 10 ekaraala bhuumilooni adavulanu tolaginchi, prati sthalamlo kaneesam sagam vari saagu cheyalsi vachindi. migilina sagam jeevanopaadhi pantalaku upayoginchavacchu. chaalaa mandhi hakka sthiranivaasulu vistaaramaina kobbari thotalanu sthaapinchaaru, ivi kudat yokka prakruti drushyamlo chaalaa varaku aadhipatya lakshanamgaa unnaayi. prastutam, kudat jillaalo kobbari saagu visteernam sumaru 5,740 hectorlu; eee kobbari thotala nirvahanalo 3,000 kante ekkuva kutumbaalu nimagnamai unnaayi. hakkalu kudat samaajamlo antarbhaagamgaa unnaayi. diguva pattana kudat looni chaalaa dukaanaalu, alaage jilla antataa sikuvati mariyu mott tungang vanti chinna pattanaalalo hakkalu yajamanyamlo unnaayi. jillaalooni aneka pradaesaala paerlu hakka bhaashalo vaati muulaalanu kaligi unnaayi, avi laa saan, sinn saan, pinangsu mariyu pakka chuun (chainees <unk>; pinyin bɑigiā cün; aksharala 'vanda kutumbaala graamam'). jillaalooni jalan suck phuu mariyu jalan thaay chiang vanti aneka rahadaarula vishayamlo kooda idhe vartistundi. adanamgaa, diguva pattana kudat looni aneka rahadaarulaku samaajamlooni pramukha sabhyulaina sthaanika hakkaala paerlanu pettaru, veetilo jalan vaan siac (liang vaan siac paeru pettabadindi; saampradaaya chainees <unk>; pinyin liang vanxi), jalan chinn shaam choyi (saampradaaya chainees <unk> <unk>; pinyin chenn saankai) mariyu jalan loe thean choke (saampradaaya chainees <unk> <unk>; pinyin luo tianzu) unnaayi.
paryatakam.
kudat pattanam.
kudat pattanamlooni chinna conny mukhyamaina paryataka parisrama ekkuvagaa daani prasaantamaina vaataavaranam mariyu samudraaniki sameepamlo chuttoo tirugutundi. taja samudrapu aaharaanni konugolu cheyadaaniki mariyu oka vilakshanhamaina sabahan graameena pattanam yokka aakarshanhalanu anubhavinchadaaniki sabah antataa nundi sandarsakulu kudat kuu vastaaru. pattanamlo unna paryataka aakarshanhalalo kudat golph club, sidec esplanade, central market mariyu chepala market unnaayi.
teerapraanta lakshanaalu.
kudat daani beechlaku prasiddhi chendindi, ivi sabaalo atyanta chediponivi. baga prasiddhi chendina konni beechlalo baak buck, pasir putih, kalampunian mariyu torungkungan unnaayi. kudat, borneo dveepaaniki uttaraana unna pradhana bhuubhaagamaina tanjung simpang mengaayuku sameepamlo undatam valla kooda prasiddhi chendindi.
rung samskruti.
kotaa kinabalu-kudat rahadari vembadi unna aneka gramalu okkokkati rungs samskruti yokka oka pratyeka amsaanni pradarsistaayi. compung gombijou (gombijou graamam) loe, sandarsakulu thene utpattini mariyu saampradaaya ranggas moolikala sekarananu gamaninchavacchu, ayithe compung sumangkap daani gaang tayari parisramaku prasiddhi chendindi. marovaipu compung bavangjajo daani saampradaaya ranggas langhouselaku prasiddhi chendindi, ivi paryaatakulaku ranggas prajala samskruti mariyu jeevanasaili gurinchi anubhavinchadaaniki mariyu telusukovadaaniki avakaasaanni andinche community prajectlo bhaagam. kampung minyak chuttoo kendrikrutamai unna misompuru homestay kaaryakramamlo kooda ranggas samskrutini anubhavinchavacchu.
ravana.
bhoomi.
kudat anedi paan-borno haive yokka uttara mugimpu. uttaraana kudat mariyu dakshinaana sabaa-sarawak sarihaddu madhya unna rahadari vibhaganni federal ruut 1 (sabaa) anie pilustaaru; sarihadduku minchi, rahadari federal ruut 1 (sarawak) gaa konasaagutundi. modati vibhagam kudatnu kotaa kinabalu mariyu kotaa belud, tuwaran, popper, beaufort mariyu sipitanglatho sahaa sabah paschima teeramloni itara pradhana pattanaalatoe kaluputundi. kudat nundi kotaa kinabalu varaku 190 kilometres prayaanam kaarulo sumaru moodu gantalu padutundi. 
duradrushtavasaattu, sambandhita adhikarulu eee rahadaarini sarigga nirvahinchadam ledhu mariyu aneka duradrushtakara pramaadaalaku kaaranamaindi mariyu otarla sankhyanu penchadaaniki raajakeeya nayakulu nirantaram upayogistunnaru.
gaali.
pattana kendraaniki uttaraana kudat vimaanaasrayam undhi, dheeni nundi koota kinabalu mariyu sandakanlaku maswings dwara vimanalu nadustaayi. kotaa kinaabaaluku vimanalu 40 nimishalu padutundi, sandakanku vimanalu 50 nimishala podavu untaayi.
samudram.
fibravari 2015loe, sabah mukhyamantri vibhaagamlo pratyeka panula mantri, teo chee kaang, philippeansloni palavaanlooni kudat mariyu brooks point madhya roll-aann-roll-off (roro) ferrie servies kosam pranaalikalanu prakatinchaaru. raboye eee ferrie sarveeslo prayaanikulu malaysialoki pravesinchadaaniki mariyu nishkraminchadaaniki anumatinchadaaniki, customs, immigration, digbandham mariyu bhadrata (cics) kendram nirminchabadindi mariyu prastutam itara avasaramaina soukaryaalu nirminchabadutunnaayi.
ferrie servies modata juun 2016loe praarambhinchaalani nirnayinchaaru. ayithe, april 2016loe, appati sabahan mukhyamantri moosa aman ferrie servies prarambham niravadhikamgaa nilipiveyabadutundani prakatinchaaru. philippeansku chendina abu sayaf ugravaadulu semporna samudramlo naluguru malaysianlanu apaharinchina nepathyamlo bhadrata charyaga idhi jarigindi.
vaataavaranam.
fibravari nundi november varaku madhyasta nundi bhaarii varshapaatam mariyu december mariyu janavarilo bhaarii varshapaatamto kudat ushnamandala varshaaranya vaataavaranam (af) kaligi untundi.

