
exosome (vesical)

exosomes anevi pora-kattubadi unde extracellular vesicals (eee. vii. ess), ivi chaalaa eucariotic kanaala endosomal compartmentlo utpatti avtayi. 
bahula kana jeevulalo, exosomes mariyu itara eee. vii. luu lalajalam, raktam, moothram mariyu cerebrospinal dravam vanti jeevasambandha dravaalalo kanipistaayi. ivi luu sareerasambandha prakriyalalo, gaddakattadam mariyu vyardhaala nirvahana nundi kanaala madhya communication varaku pratyeka vidhulanu kaligi untaayi. 
multivasicular boddy (emvibi) anie kooda piluvabade chivari endosome yokka lopali molakala dwara exosomes erpadataayi. multivasicular boddy (emvibi) yokka intraluminal vesicals (ilvis) endosomal lumen loki moggutaayi. emvibi kana uparitalamtho (plasma pora) kalisipothe, eee ailvilu exosomeluga vidudalavutaayi.
kanajaala maatrukalo exosomes kooda gurtinchabaddaayi, ivi maatrika-kattubadi unde nanovesicals (mbv) nuu roopondinchaayi. avi kooda vaati perugudala maadhyamamloki culture cheyabadina kanaala dwara "inn vitro" gaa vidudala cheyabadataayi. 
exosomla parimaanam maatru emvibi dwara parimitam cheyabadinanduna, exosomes saadhaaranamgaa itara evs kante chinnaviga bhaavinchabadataayi, sumaru 30 nundi 150 nanometers (nm) vyaasam varakuh aneka lipoproteinla parimaanam chuttoo conny kanaala kante chaalaa chinnavi.
saadhaaranamgaa eee. vii. ess thoo poliste, exosomes pratyaekamaina lakshanaalu ledhaa vidhulanu kaligi unnaya ledhaa itara eee. vii. ess nundi samarthavantamgaa vaeru cheyagalava ledhaa vaeru cheyagalava anedi aspashtamgaa undhi. 
prasaranalo unna ivilu vaati muulam yokka kanam nundi janyu padaartham mariyu proteinlanu teesukuvelataayi, proteo-transcriptomic signecharlu biomarkerluga panicheestaayi. cancer kanaala vishayamlo, exosomes vaati daata kanaala nundi parimaanam, aakaram, padanirmaanam mariyu canonical markerlalo thedaalanu chuupavachchu. vyaadhini gurtinchadaaniki upayoginchagala sambandhita samacharanni vaaru ponduparachavacchu. tatphalitamgaa, biomarkerlu mariyu chikitsalugaa eee. vii. ess yokka clinical anuvartanaalapai aasakti perugutondi, idhi extra cellular vesicals (ii. ess. ii. vii) kosam antarjaateeya samajanni sthaapinchadaaniki mariyu eee. vii. ess. kuu ankitam cheyabadina shaastreeya patrika, "journal off extra cellular vesicals" nuu prerepistundi.
nepathyam.
1983loe stall mariyu samuuham dwara paripakvam chendutunna ksheerada reticulocyte (aparipakva erra rakta kanam) loe exosomes modata kanugonabaddayi mariyu 1983loe johnstone mariyu samuuham 1987loe johnstone mariyu samuuham dwara 'exosomes' anie pilavabaddayi. reticulocyte paripakva erra rakta kanam (erythrocyte) gaa maaradamtho aneka plasma pora proteinlanu empika cheyadamlo exosomes paalgontaayani choopabadindi. reticulocytelo, chaalaa ksheerada kanaalalo vale, plasma pora yokka bhagalu kramam tappakunda endosomluga antargatamgaa untaayi, plasma pora yokka 50 nundi 180% prati gantaku recycle cheyabadataayi. kramamga, konni endozomela pora yokka bhagalu taruvaata chinna vesicalsga antargatamgaa untaayi. pedda sareeram lopala aneka chinna vesicles (ilvis ledhaa "intralumenal endosomal vesicals") thoo kanipinchenduna ituvanti endosomlanu multivasicular bodys anie pilustaaru. emvibi kana poratho vileenam ayi, antargata vesikilsnu bahya kanaala pradaesamlooki vidudala chesthe ilvlu exosomeluga maarataayi.
exosomes proteins mariyu rnatho sahaa vaati muulam yokka kanamlooni vividha paramaanu bhaagaalanu kaligi untaayi. exosomal protein kuurpu muulam yokka kanaalu mariyu kanajaalamtho maarutuu unnappatikee, chaalaa exosomes parinaamatmakamgaa samrakshinchabadina protein anuvula saadhaarana samitini kaligi untaayi. protein parimaanam mariyu aakruteekarana mariyu packing paaraamitula yokka konni oohalanu batti, oke exosome yokka protein content sumaru 20,000 anuvulu kaavacchu. exosomelalo marnah mariyu mirna yokka sarukunu sweedanlooni gothenberg vishwavidhyaalayamlo modata kanugonnaru.
exosomla yokka content muulam yokka kanaalanu batti maarutundi, tadwara avi vaati muulam kanaalanu pratibimbistaayi. exosomla dynamic vaividhyam yokka vislaeshanha vyaadhulanu paryaveekshinchadaaniki viluvaina marganni andinchavacchu. aaa adhyayanamlo, cellular mariyu exosomal marnah mariyu mirna kantentlooni thedaalu, alaage exosomal marnah cargo yokka kaaryaacharana vivarinchabadindi. exosomes kooda double-stranded dnnu kaligi unnatlu choopabadindi.
exosomes pora vesikil akrama ravana dwara oka kanam nundi maroka kananku anuvulanu badilee cheyagalavu, tadwara dendritic kanaalu mariyu bii kanaalu vanti roganirodhaka vyavasthanu prabhaavitam chestaayi mariyu vyadhikaaraka kaarakaalaku mariyu kanitulaku anukuula roganirodhaka pratispandanalanu madhyavartitvam cheyadamlo kriyaatmaka paatra pooshinchavachchu. anduvalla, sell-tuu-sell signalinglo exosomes poeshinchae paatranu churukuga parisoedhistunna saastravettalu, tarachugaa vaari cargo rna anuvula pampinhee jeeva prabhavalanu vivarinchagaladani oohistaaru. udaaharanaku, graheeta kanamlo protein utpattini prabhaavitam cheyadaaniki exosomlaloni mrna soochinchabadindi.<reifer paeru = "doi10.1038/ncomms1180"> ayithe, maroka adhyayanam messenchimal stem sels (msc) dwara sravinche exosomlaloni miranalu pradhanamgaa prii-mariyu paripakva miranalu kaadani suuchimchimdi. eee adhyayanam yokka rachayitalu eee exosomelalo rna-prerita nissabda sanklishta-sambandhita proteinlanu kanugonalekapoyinanduna, vaaru prii-mirnas matrame, conny msc exosomlaloni paripakva mirnas matrame graheeta kanaalalo jeevasaastraparamgaa churukuga unde saamarthyaanni kaligi unnayani suuchimchaaru. miranalanu exosomulloki load cheyadamlo bahula yantraamgaalu paalgontaayani nivedinchabadindi, veetilo mirana shrenulalo nirdishta muulaamsaalu, exosomulaku sthaanikeekarinchina lncrnsto paraspara charyalu, arbpsto paraspara charyalu mariyu munupati anuvaada anantara maarpulu unnaayi.
dheeniki viruddhamgaa, exosome utpatti mariyu content muulam yokka kanam andukunna paramaanu sankethaala dwara prabhaavitamavutundi. eee parikalpanaku saakshyamgaa, hypoxiacu guraina kaniti kanaalu merugaina angiogenic mariyu metastatic saamardhyamtho exosomelanu sravistaayi, kaniti kanaalu angiogenesisnu prerepinchadaaniki ledhaa marinta anukuulamaina vaataavaranaaniki metastassisnu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki exosomelanu sravinchadam dwara hypoxic micro environmentku anugunamgaa untaayani suuchistunnaayi.
paribhasha.
eee rangamlo oka ekaabhipraayam erpadatam emitante, "exosome" anae padaanni endosomal muulam yokka oka eee. vii. kii khachitamgaa vartimpajeyaali. oka eee. vii. kanam vidichipettina tarvaata atuvanti muulaanni niroopinchadam kashtam kabatti, badulugaa "extracellular vesical" anae padaaniki sambandhinchina vaividhyaalu tarachugaa taginavi.
parisoedhana.
erra rakta kanaala nundi vachhe exosomes paripakva erithrosaitlalo laeni transferrin grahakanni kaligi untaayi. dendritic sell-utpannamaina exosomes emhechsi ii, emhechsi II mariyu castimulatory anuvulanu vyaktam chestaayi mariyu "inn vivo" loe antigen-nirdishta tii sell pratispandanalanu prerepinchagalavu mariyu meruguparacagalavu anie niroopinchabaddaayi. adanamgaa, modati exosome aadhaarita cancer teaca vedikalu prarambha clinical trialslo anveshinchabadutunnaayi. moothrapindaala dwara exosomelanu moothramloki kooda vidudala cheyavachu, mariyu vaati gurtimpu roganirdhaarana saadhanamgaa upayogapadavachhu.
moothrapu exosomes prostate cancerlo chikitsa pratispandana gurtulugaa upayogapadavachhu. kaniti kanaala nundi sravinche exosomes chuttupakkala kanaalaku sankethaalanu andinchagalavu mariyu myophybroblast bhedaanni niyantristaayani choopabadindi. melanomalo, kaniti nundi utpannamaina vesicles shosharasamloki pravesinchi, shosharasa kanupulalo upa-capsular sinus macrophaselu mariyu bii kanaalatoe sankarshana chendutaayi. iteevali parisoedhanaloo exosome vidudala andaasaya cancer yokka aakramanaseelatato sanukoolamgaa sambandham kaligi undani telindi. kanitula nundi raktamloki vidudalayye exosomes kooda roganirdhaarana saamarthyaanni kaligi undavacchu. shareera dravaalalo exosomes asadhaaranamgaa sthiramgaa untaayi, vyaadhi biomarkerlaku jalasayaluga vaati viniyogaanni balopetam chestaayi. biorepositorylalo nilva cheyabadina roogi rakta namuunaalanu biomarker vislaeshanha kosam upayoginchavacchu, endukante colorectal cancer kanaala nundi pondina exosomes rakta plaasmaaloki 90 rojula nilva tarvaata vividha ushnogratala vadda tirigi pondavacchu.
cancer vanti praanaantakamaina vaatilo, exosome homeostasisnu kapade regulatory circuit cancer kana manugada mariyu metastassisnu prothsahinchadaaniki saha-empika cheyabadindi. rommu cancerlalo, neratinib, oka navala paan-erb inhibitor, exosomes vidudala chese aame 2 mottaanni tagginchagaladu, tadwara kaniti vyaaptini tagginchagaladu.
moothra exsomlu kooda vaari protein mariyu mirna cargo dwara jananaalika cancerlu mariyu mineralocarticoid hyper tension vanti aneka paathaalajeelanu gurtinchadamlo upayogakaramgaa unnayani niroopinchabaddaayi."
neurodegenerative rugmatalato, exosomes alfa-sainyuuklin vyaaptiloo paatra pooshistunnatlu kanipistaayi, mariyu vyaadhi purogatini paryaveekshinchadaaniki alaage aushadham mariyu muula kana aadhaarita chikitsa pampinheeki sambhaavya vahanamga churukuga parisoedhinchabadutunnaayi.
eee rangamlo parisoedhana abhivruddhini utprerakam cheyadaaniki exosome content kosam janyu samacharanni kaligi unna online open access database abhivruddhi cheyabadindi.
exosomes mariyu intercellular communication.
saastravettalu sell-tuu-sell signalinglo exosomes poeshinchae paatranu churukuga parisoedhistunnaaru, endukante exosomes vaati muula kanaaniki dhooramgaa unna kanaalatoe vileenam ayyi vaati kantentlanu vidudala cheyagalavu (membrane vesikil trafficing chudandi), avi graheeta kanamlooni prakriyalanu prabhaavitam cheyavachu. udaaharanaku, "exosomal shuttle rna" anie piluvabade oka kanam nundi maroka kananku shuttle cheyabadina rna, graheeta kanamlo protein utpattini prabhaavitam cheyagaladu. sell-sell ledhaa intergargaon communication mariyu metabolic regulationlo exosomes pooshinchina paatranu 2018loe shamuelson mariyu vaidal-puig sameekshinchaaru. oka kanam nundi maroka kanaaniki anuvulanu badilee cheyadam dwara, roganirodhaka vyavasthalooni konni kanaala nundi dendritic kanaalu mariyu bii kanaalu vanti exosomes, rogakaarakaalu mariyu kanitulaku anukuula roganirodhaka pratispandanalanu madhyavartitvam cheyadamlo kriyaatmaka paatra pooshinchavachchu. mirna anuvula exosomal egumati kooda inter cellular mirna sthaayilanu nirodhinchadamtho mudipadi untundi mariyu bhaarii polysomlapy vaatini bandhinchadam dwara vaati kaaryaacharananu prabhaavitam chestundi.
dheeniki viruddhamgaa, exosome utpatti mariyu content muulam yokka kanam andukunna paramaanu sankethaala dwara prabhaavitamavutundi. eee parikalpanaku saakshyamgaa, hypoxiacu guraina kaniti kanaalu merugaina angiogenic mariyu metastatic saamardhyamtho exosomelanu sravistaayi, kaniti kanaalu angiogenesisnu prerepinchadaaniki ledhaa marinta anukuulamaina vaataavaranaaniki metastassisnu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki exosomelanu sravinchadam dwara hypoxic micro environmentku anugunamgaa untaayani suuchistunnaayi. deerghakaalika lymphocytic leukemia purogati samayamlo exosomal protein content maaravacchani iteevala choopabadindi.
kaniti exosomla yokka kanaantara communication cancer kosam metastasis yokka marinta praantaalaku madhyavartitvam cheyagaladani oka adhyayanam oohinchindi. oohaatmakamgaa, exosomes kalankita rna vanti kaniti samacharanni kotta kanaalalo naatavacchu, cancer kosam metastasis kosam aaa avayavaniki prayaaninchadaaniki siddham cheyavachu. kaniti exosomal communication vividha avayavalaku metastassisnu madhyavartitvam chese saamarthyaanni kaligi undani adhyayanam kanugondi. inca, kaniti kanaalu pratiroopam cheyadaaniki pratikuulamgaa unnappatikee, eee kotta praantaalalo, avayavaalalo naatina samacharam, avayava nirdishta metastasis vistaranaku sahaayapadutundi.
exosomes sarukunu teesukuvelataayi, ivi sahaja roganirodhaka pratispandanalanu penchutaayi. udaaharanaku, "salmonella enterica" nundi utpannamaina exosomes-sokina macrophaselu conny sokani kanaala nundi exosomes kakunda, amayaka macrophaselu mariyu dendritic kanaalanu tnf-α, rantes, ill-1raa, mip-2, cxcl1, emsipi-1, sicom-1, gm-csf mariyu zii-csf vanti proo-inflammatory cytokinlanu sravinchadaaniki prerepistaayi. exosomla yokka shotha nirodhaka prabhavalu paakshikamgaa lipopalisakarideku aapadinchabaddaayi, idhi exosomelalo kappabadi untundi.
implantation samayamlo pindam mariyu talli compartment madhya cross tock madhyavartitvam kooda exosomes chestaayi.avi sarvavyaapta protein, glycoproteins, dna mariyu mrnlanu marpidi chesukovadaniki sahaayapadataayi.
exosome biogenesis, sraavam mariyu teesukovadam.
exosomes biogenesis.
intraluminal vesicals (ilvs) nuu utpatti cheyadaaniki bahula-vesicular bodys (mvbs) ledhaa chivari endosomela invaginationtho exosome erpadatam praarambhamavutundi. mvbs, vesikil budding mariyu sarting erpadataaniki vividha pratipaadita vidhanalu unnaayi. atyanta adhyayanam cheyabadina mariyu baga telisinadi ravana (escurt) aadhaarita maargaaniki avasaramaina endosomal sarting complexes. escurt yantraalu protein complexelatho kuudina sarvavyaapta marganni madhyavartitvam chestaayi; escurt-0,-i,-iii,-iii, mariyu anubandha ett pays vii. pii. ess. 4. escurt 0 chivari endosomal membranelo packaging kosam gurtinchabadina sarvavyaapta proteinlanu gurtistundi mariyu nilupukuntundi. escurt i/ii escurt 0nii gurtistundi mariyu emvibi loki pora yokka involutionnu srushtinchadam praarambhistundi. escrity medanu kudinche oka sarpila aakarapu nirmaanaanni yerparustundi. ett pays vii. pii. ess. 4 protein pora vichchittini naduputundi. syndicon-syntenine-alix exosome biogenesis maargam anedi exosome biogenesis kosam escurt-independent ledhaa naan-canonical margalalo okati.
exosome sraavam.
okasari erpadina emvibi plasma pora yokka antargata vaipuku ravana cheyabadataayi. eee mvbs plasma poraku ravana cheyabadataayi, idhi fusionku daariteestundi. adhika collustroll content unna mvbs plasma poratho fuse ayi exosomelanu vidudala chestundani aneka adhyayanalu choopinchaayi. raab proteins mukhyamgaa emvibiki jatacheyabadina raab 7 daani prabhava grahakanni gurtistundi. emvibi nundi vachhe snare complexes (karige enn-ethylmalimide-sensitive fusion attachment protein receptor) mariyu plasma membrane paraspara charya chesi, madhyavartitvam chestundi.
exosome up take.
exosomla dwara nirdishta lakshyam anedi parisoedhana yokka churukaina praantam. exosome lakshyam yokka khachitamaina vidhanalu nirdishta proteins, chakkeralu mariyu lipid ledhaa micropinocytosis thoo exosomelanu docking cheyadam vanti konni saadhaarana vidhaanaalaku parimitam cheyabaddaayi. antargata exosomes graheeta kanamlo vaati kantentnu vidudala chese endosomlanu lakshyamgaa chesukuntaayi.
exosomelalo sarukulanu kramabaddhikarinchadam mariyu packaging cheyadam.
exosomelalo vividha sarukulanu kaligi untaayi; proteins, lipidlu mariyu nucleic aamlalu. eee sarukulanu pratyaekamgaa kramabaddhikarinchi, exosomelalo pyaak chestaaru. exosomelalo pyaak cheyabadina vishayalu nirdishtamaina kana rakam mariyu cellular paristhitulachae kooda prabhaavitamavutaayi. exosomal micrornalu (exomirlu) mariyu proteins exosomulalo kramabaddheekarinchabadi pyaak cheyabadataayi. vilaroya-beltry mariyu sahacharulu cytosolic mirna (climirna) loe laeni exosomulalo pyaak cheyabadina miranalo samrakshinchabadina jigag nirdishta muulaamsam, exomotifnu gurtinchaaru, idhi exosome nirdishta mirna packaging proteinla kosam samoilated heterogeneous nuclear riboprotein (hchnrnp) eah2bii1 thoo bandhistundi, ivi escurt, tertrasponins, lipid-aadhaarita yantraamgaalalo pyaak cheyabadataayi. kanamlooni plasma poratho poliste exosomes collustroll, spingomyelin, santrupta phosphatidilcoline mariyu phosphatidilathenolamine samruddhiga untaayi.
ontaritanam.
exosomelanu verucheyadam mariyu gurtinchadam sanklishtamgaa niroopinchabadindi. shareera dravaala sanklishtata kaaranamgaa, kanaala nundi exosomla bhouthika vibhajana mariyu saaruupya-parimaana kanaalu savaluga untaayi. differential ultracentrifugation upayoginchi exosomelanu verucheyadam valla protein mariyu itara kalushitaalu saha-verucheyabadataayi mariyu lipoproteinla nundi vesicals asampuurnamgaa vaeru cheyabadataayi. suukshma-vadapotha ledhaa pravanathatho ultracentrifugation kalapadam swachchatanu meruguparustundi. parimaana-minahaayimpu chromatography dwara extracellular vesicals yokka single step isolation centrifugation kante chekkuchedarani vesikalsnu tirigi pondadaaniki ekkuva saamarthyaanni andistundani niroopinchabadindi, ayithe parimaana-aadhaarita saanketikata matrame itara vesical rakaala nundi exosomelanu vaeru cheyalekapoyindi. exosomla yokka swachchamaina janabhanu vaeru cheyadaaniki bhouthika (udhaa.zii. parimaanam, saandrata) mariyu jeevarasaayana paaraamitulu (udhaa.zii. vaati jeevajananamlo palgone konni proteinla uniki/lekapovadam). track cheyagala recombinant vanti reference materials vadakam, namuunaa tayari mariyu vislaeshanha samayamlo pravesapettina saanketika vaividhyaanni tagginchadamlo sahaayapadutundi. rakta plasma nundi veruchesetappudu lipoproteinlu mariyu itara proteinla nundi kalushyanni tagginchadaaniki immunoafinity chromatography mariyu asymmetric-flow feeled-flow fraction kalayikanu upayoginchadam anedi kotta empika verucheyadam paddati.
tarachugaa, bahula exosomla nundi upayogakaramaina samacharanni pondadaaniki kriyaatmaka mariyu antigenic vislaeshanhalu vartinchabadataayi. exosomla mottam janabhalo proteinlanu gurtinchadaaniki pareekshalaku prasiddha udaaharanalu maas spectrometry mariyu westran blat. ayithe, eee paddhatula parimiti emitante, atuvanti vislaeshanhala nundi pondina samacharanni prabhaavitam chese kalushitaalu undavacchu. pradhaanyamgaa, samacharam oke exosomla nundi teesukobadindi. gurtinchadaaniki exosomla sambandhita lakshanaalalo parimaanam, saandrata, padanirmaana shaastram, kuurpu mariyu gta sambhaavyata unnaayi.
gurtinchadam.
exosomla vyaasam saadhaaranamgaa 100 nm kante takkuvagaa untundi mariyu avi takkuva vakreebhavana suuchikanu kaligi unnanduna, prastutam upayogistunna aneka paddhatula gurtimpu paridhi kante exosomes takkuvagaa untaayi. exosome vislaeshanhalanu vegavantam cheyadaaniki nanotechnology mariyu microfluidicsnu upayoginchukune aneka suukshma vyavasthalu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. eee kotta vyavasthalalo micranmr parikaram, nanoplasmonic chip mariyu protein profiling kosam magneto-electrochemical sensor; mariyu rna gurtinchadaaniki integrated fluidic cartridge unnaayi. flow cytometry anedi suspensionlo exosomelanu gurtinchadaaniki oka optical paddhati. ayinappatikee, parimita sunnitatvam mariyu samuuhaala gurtimpu vanti sambhaavya kolata kalakhandala kaaranamgaa oke exosomelanu gurtinchadaaniki flow cytometry yokka vartimpu ippatikee saripodu. yeka exosomelanu gurtinchadaaniki itara paddhatulu anhu shakti suukshmadarshini, suukshma kanaala tracking vislaeshanha, raman suukshmadarshini, tune cheyagala nirodhaka pulls sensing mariyu transmission electron suukshmadarshini.
bioinformatics vislaeshanha.
exosomelalo rna, proteins, lipidlu mariyu gvakriyalu untaayi, ivi muulam yokka kana rakanni pratibimbistaayi. exosomelalo aneka proteins, rna mariyu lipidlu untaayi kabatti, protemics mariyu transcriptomics sahaa pedda ettuna vislaeshanha tarachugaa nirvahinchabadutundi. prastutam, eee daetaanu vislaeshimchadaaniki, ekkuva praatinidhyam kaligina anuvula samuuhaalanu gurtinchadaaniki funn ritch vanti vaanijyetara saadhanaalanu upayoginchavacchu. tadupari taram sequencing technologyla aagamanamtho, exosomlapy parisoedhana cancer matrame kakunda vividha vyaadhulalo kooda vegavantam cheyabadindi. iteevala, "trypanosoma cruzie" nundi sekarinchina exosomla yokka rna-sec dayta yokka bioinformatics aadhaarita vislaeshanha, chagus vyaadhiki biomarkerlanu kanugone sambhaavyatanu balopetam chese vividha mukhyamaina janyu utpattulato eee extracellular vesicals yokka anubandhaanni choopinchindi.
aushadhaala chikitsa mariyu vahakalu.
inn vitro" mariyu "inn vivo" anae saktivantamaina cellular pratispandanalanu velikiteese saamarthyaanni kaligi unnanduna, exosomes sambhaavya chikitsalugaa gurtinchabadutunnaayi. exosomes gaayam mariyu vyaadhi punarutpaadaka phalitaalanu madhyavartitvam chestaayi, ivi muula kanaala janabha yokka gamaninchina bioactivityni punaraavrutam chestaayi. messenchimal stem sell exosomes gaayam nayam cheyadamlo (ect, erk, mariyu stat 3), emuka pagulu marammattulo mukhyamaina aneka signalling maargaalanu sakriyam chestaayi mariyu roganirodhaka-madhyavartitva pratispandanalu mariyu shotha vyaadhula niyantranalo palgontayi. avi aneka vruddhi kaarakaala (hepatocyte perugudala karakam (hcgf), insulin lanty perugudala karakam-1 (igf1), naraala perugudala karakam (ngf), mariyu stromal-utpanna perugudala karakam-1 (sdf1)) vyakteekarananu prerepistaayi. maanava prasarana fibrocytela dwara sravinche exosomes, paracrine signalling dwara saadhaarana gaayam nayam cheyadamlo palgone messenchimal progenitors janabha, "inn-vitro" prongiogenic lakshanaalanu pradarsistundi, diabetic dermal fibroblastlanu sakriyam chestundi, diabetic caratinocytela valasalu mariyu vistarananu prerepistundi mariyu vivolo diabetic elukalalo gaayam moosivetanu vegavantam chestundi. exosomal cargo yokka mukhyamaina bhagalu heat shock protein-90α, mottam mariyu activated signal transducer mariyu transcription 3 yokka activator, proangeogenic (mirr-126, mirr-130a, mirr-132) mariyu anty inflammatory (mirr124a, mirr-125b) micrornalu, mariyu microrna regulating collagen deposition (mirra-21). noti caratinocytes nundi vidudalayye exosomes, eluka gayalaku maanava exosomelanu vartimpajesinappudu kooda, gaayam nayam cheyadaanni vegavantam cheyagalavani kooda parisoedhakulu kanugonnaru. shareera antarjana vyavasthalo vaati uniki mariyu adhika sahanam kaaranamgaa chinna jokyam chesukune rna yokka samarthavanthamaina pampinheeki exosomelanu aasaajanaka vahakamga pariganinchavacchu. roogi nundi pondina exosomes aneka clinical trialslo kotta cancer immunotherapyga upayoginchabaddaayi.
superoxide dismutase yokka exosome-madhyavartitva delivery "sainorabditis elegans" loe jeevitakaalaanni podigistundi, idhi pratispandinche oxygen jaatula sthaayini tagginchadam dwara kanipistundi. anduvalla eee vyavastha daani anty aging sambhaavyata kosam adhyayanam cheyabadutondi. eee pampinhee vyavastha aakseekarana ottidi mariyu vaedi paristhitulalo manugadanu kooda meruguparichindi.
exosomes pratyaekamaina prayojanaalanu andistaayi, ivi vaatini atyanta prabhaavavantamaina aushadha vahakaalugaa pratyaekamgaa unchutaayi. vaati uparitalampai bahula antukune proteinlatho kuudina cellular poratho koodi, exosomes sell-sell communicationlalo pratyekata kaligi untaayi mariyu lakshya kanaalaku vividha chikitsa agentla pampinheeki pratyaekamaina vidhananni andistaayi. udaaharanaku, parisoedhakulu cancer aushadham paclitoxel pampinheeki exosomelanu vahanamga upayoginchaaru. vaaru tella rakta kanaala nundi pondina exosomla lopala aushadhaanni unchaaru, taruvaata vaatini aushadha-nirodhaka oopiritittula cancertho elukalalo inject chesaaru. mukhyamgaa, oopiritittula cancer kanaalatoe vayumargam-pampinhee chesina exosomla daadaapu puurti saha-sthaanikeekarana phalitamgaa exosomelalo paclitoxelnu cherchadam valla cytotoxicity 50 retlu perigindi.
aamodinchabadani marketing.
niroopinchabadani exosomla yokka vividha roopaalu yuu loe vikrayinchabadutunnaayi.ess. eff. dii. yea. nundi adhikaram lekunda clinic samsthala dwara aneka rakaala aarogya paristhitula kosam. tarachugaa, eee samsthalu fda-aamodinchani stem sell injectionlanu kooda vikrayistaayi. 2019 chivaralo, fda exosomla injectionlaku sambandhinchina nebrascaloni rogulaku exosomla mariyu gaayaala yokka naan compliant marketing gurinchi salaha heccharikanu jaarii chesindi. exosomes adhikarikamga aushadha utpattulu anie, vatiki market mundu aamodam avasaramani kooda agency suuchimchimdi. 2020loe, covid-19 mariyu itara aarogya paristhitula kosam exosomla marketing ledhaa upayogam gurinchi fda aneka samsthalanu heccharinchindi.