rendava prapancha yuddham yokka arctic kaanvaaylu

rendava prapancha yuddhamlo arctic kaanvaaylu samudramlo prayaaninchae kaanvaaylu, ivi united kingdom, island mariyu uttara america nundi soviet unionloni uttara naukaasrayaalaku prayaaninchaayi-pradhanamgaa rashyaalooni arkhangelsk (pradhana dhootha) mariyu murmansk. augustu 1941 mariyu mae 1945 madhya 78 kaanvaaylu unnaayi, atlantic mariyu architic mahaasamudraala yokka aneka samudraala gundaa prayaaninchaayi, juulai mariyu september 1942 madhya etuvanti naukayanalu lekunda rendu antaraalu unnaayi, mariyu marchi mariyu november 1943.
sumaru 1,400 vaanijya noukalu aanglo-soviet oppandam mariyu yuu. ess. lend-lease karyakramam kinda soviet unionku avasaramaina saamaagrini pampinhee chesaayi, raayal naevii, raayal kenadian naevii mariyu yuu.ess. naukaadalam. enabhai aidu vaanijya noukalu mariyu 16 raayal naevii yuddhanaukalu (rendu cruiserlu, aaru distroyerlu, enimidi itara escort noukalu) poyayi. naajii germany yokka "criegsmarine" oka yuddhanauka, moodu vidhvamsaka noukalu, 30 yuu-botlu mariyu aneka vimaanaalato sahaa aneka noukalanu kolpoyindi. rendava front praarambhaaniki mundu, soviet unionku sahayam cheyadaaniki mitraraajyaala nibaddhatanu kaanvaaylu pradarsinchaayi mariyu germany naavikaadalam mariyu vaimanika dalaalalo gananeeyamaina bhaganni kattayi.
nepathyam.
juun aagashtu, germany yuu. ess. ess. aarr. paie daadi chestu operation barbarosa praarambhinchindi. aaa taruvaati nelaloo, britton mariyu soviet union aanglo-soviet oppandam anae kuutamini erpaatu chesaayi. aksha saktulaku vyatiraekamgaa yuddhamlo thana kotta mitradesaanni unchadaaniki prayatninchadaaniki augustu nundi tankulu mariyu vimaanaalato sahaa ussrku britton twaragaa samagri sahayanni andinchindi. iraanlo sarafara cheyadaaniki oka pradhana maargam iraan dwara undedi. german prabhavanni thatastheekarinchadaaniki rendu deshaalu augustu chivaralo iraan paie ummadi aakramananu praarambhinchaayi. septemberlo londonlo jarigina rendava paraspara-mitraraajyaala samavesamlo soviet union cherindi. aaa taruvaata yuu. ess. ess. aarr. rendava prapancha yuddhamlo britton mariyu december nundi united states thoo paatu, aksha saktulaku vyatiraekamgaa poraadutunna "pedda moodu" mitradeshaalalo okatigaa maarindi. american runa-leeju karyakramam marchi aagashtu chattamgaa santakam cheyabadindi. idhi aaa samvatsaram octoberlo praarambhamai britton mariyu soviet unionku parimita yuddha saamagrini andinchindi. september eee karyakramam peragadam praarambhinchindi. british commonwealth mariyu kontavaraku, soviet union oka chinna riverse lend-leeju kaaryakramamtho praticharya chesindi.
convoy samstha.
1941 augustulo operation darvish anae sankethanamamtho modati convoy taruvaata, arctic kaanvaaylu rendu shrenulalo nadichayi
kaanvaaylu island nundi (saadhaaranamgaa whalfjoarder nundi) parigetti, vesavi nelallo manchu anumatinchinappudu zaan meyan dveepaaniki uttaraana arkhangelsk varaku prayaaninchaayi, pyaak manchu peragadamtho dakshinaana maarutuu, murmansk vadda mugustundi. 1942 fibravari nundi vaaru skaatlaandlooni loach eev nundi samavesamai prayaaninchaaru.
bayati mariyu intiki velle kaanvaaylu ekakaalamlo nadapalani pranaalika cheyabaddaayi; vaanijya noukalathoo odarevuku daggari escort, tadupari tirigi velladaaniki migili undhi, adhe samayamlo "tirpitz" vanti naukala dwara daadula nundi rakshinchadaaniki bhaarii uparitala unitla covering fores kooda andinchabadindi. escartlu avt bound kaanvaayto paatu cross-ovar paayintku velataaru, samavesamai, aapai intiki velle kaanvaayni tirigi nirvahistaaru, ayithe daggari escort daani chaarjeelatoo samudrayananni muginchaaru.
soviet naukaasrayaalaku velle maargamlo eee maargam aakramita naarveku daari teesindi. pratyeka pramaadaalu unnaih
lakshyam mariyu vyuuhaatmaka prabhavam.
saruku ravaanaalo tankulu, yuddha vimanalu, indhanam, mandugundu samagri, mudi padaarthaalu mariyu aaharam unnaayi. soviet unionlo koratanu teerchadaaniki prarambha kaanvaaylu mukhyamgaa saayudha vahanalu mariyu hocker tuphaanulanu pampinhee chesaayi. arctic kaanvaaylu rendu vaipula naukaadala vaikharilo pedda maarpulaku kaaranamayyaayi, idhi itara yuddha rangaalalo jarigina sanghatanala gatipai pedda prabhavanni choopindi. german teerapraanta naukaayaanampai vidhvamsakulu prarambha daadulu mariyu vagoipai commando daadi phalitamgaa, british vaaru mallee narvelapai daadi cheyaalani bhaavinchaarani hitler viswasinchaadu. idhi, soviet unionku cherukune convoy sarafaraalanu aapalsina spashtamaina avasaramtho paatu, bhaarii noukalanu, mukhyamgaa yuddhanauka "tirpitz" nuu norwaylo pampamani aadesinchadaaniki kaaranamaindi. eee kaaranamgaane chaanal daash paakshikamgaa chepattaru.
unikilo unna naukaadalam" gaa, "tirpitz" mariyu itara german rajadhani noukalu british vanarulanu kattesai, ivi marekkadaina baga upayoginchabadi undavacchu, udaaharanaku hinduu mahasamudramlo japaneeyulatho poradatam. 1941 praarambhamlo operation berlinlo "gneysenou" mariyu "shornharst" vijayam sambhaavya german muppunu pradarsinchindi. mitraraajyaalu uttara atlantic meedugaa chaalaa suduura vimaanaalato vaayu antaraanni moosivesinanduna, huff-duff (radeo tribhuja parikaraalu) meruguparachabaddayi, gaalilo unde centimetric radar pravesapettabadindi mariyu kaanvaaylu escort carrier rakshananu pondaayi, vaanijya daadula paridhi taggindi.
marchi marchi 1942loe addukune viphala prayatnam mariyu september september spitsbergenpy daadi minaha, "tirpitz" rendava prapancha yuddhamlo ekkuva bhaagam norwegian fjordslo gadipadu. 1944 november 12naa raayal air fores (raaf) chetha tramso fjord loe munigipoye varaku aame vraasi padepade daadi cheyabadindi. itara criegsmarine rajadhani noukalu ennadoo naarveku cherukoledu (udhaa.zii. "gneysenou"), vembadinchabaddaaru, ledhaa unnata dalaalache munigipooyaaru (udhaa.zii. "shornharst"). mukhyamgaa, balamaina german naavikaadala dalam cruiserlu mariyu distroyerla british escartnu oodinchadamloo viphalamaina convoy convoy (barrents samudra yuddham) paie viphalamaina daadi, hitlarnu aagrahaaniki gurichesi, uparitala daadi chesevari nundi jalaantargaamulaku vyuuhaatmaka maarpuku daariteesindi. konni rajadhani noukalu bhouthikamgaa koolchiveyabaddaayi mariyu teerapraanta rakshanalo aayudhalanu upayoginchaaru.
muttadi kinda unna leningrad convoice nundi sarafaraalaku mukhyamaina gamyasthanalalo okatigaa undedi. 1941 nundi british convoyla nundi raillu, baarjlu mariyu truckula dwara leningradku aahara mariyu aayudha saamaagrini pampinhee chesaaru. sarafara tarachugaa naajii air-bombing dwara mariyu leningradku velle maargamlo naukaadala nirliptata dwara naasanam cheyabadindi. ayithe, 1942,1943, mariyu 1944 varaku kaanvaaylu aahara pampineeni konasaginchayi. yuddham mugise samayaniki sarafara yokka bhouthika praamukhyata bahusha sanketha viluva vale goppaga ledhu, anduvalla soviet luu german bhuu aakramananu chesina chaalaa kaalam tarvaata-stallin pattubattadamtho-eee convoyla konasagimpu.
eee convoyla pradhana viluva raajakeeyamani cheppabadindi, idhi vaaru rendava frontnu teravalekapoyina samayamlo soviet unionku sahayam cheyadaaniki mitraraajyaalu kattubadi unnayani rujuvu chesindi.
british intelligence.
bletchley paarkulo german enigma code vichchinnam cheyabadinappati nundi pondina ultra signals medhassu chivariki convoyla vijayamlo mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchindi. operation viluvidya mariyu operation cheelamanda (27 december 1941) yokka commando daadula samayamlo enigma coding yantraaniki sambandhinchina german patraalu sangrahinchabaddaayi. eee patraalu migilina yuddhamlo aarkitikloni uparitala noukalu mariyu yuu-botlu ("haimish", taruvaata "hydra" network; dolphin tuu dhi british) upayoginche swadeshi jalaalapai sandeshaalanu chadavadaaniki british vaariki veelu kalpinchaayi. 1942 janavarilo "luftwaff" bomberlu, torpedo-bomberlu mariyu suduura nigha vimaanaala balagalanu uttara norwaylo pampaaru mariyu stavanger mariyu kirkeneslo sthaapinchabadina kotta command samsthalaku pampaaru, taruvaata "fleegerfurer lophoten" norway rakshana mariyu mitraraajyaala kaanvaaylaku vyatiraekamgaa pramaadakara kaaryakalaapaalaku baadhyata vahinchaaru. eee praantamlooni moodu yuu-botlanu tommidi padavalaku penchaaru mariyu anubandha landinglanu tirigi telusukovadaaniki mariyu vyatirekinchadaaniki maroe aaru bergen, trondheim mariyu norwickla madhya pampinhee cheyabaddaayi. mae nelaloo, anni yuu-botlu arctic command krindaku vachayi mariyu mae 23naa, "admiral skiir" mariyu "prins eugen" trondheim vadda "tirpitz" loe cheraaru, taruvaata "admiral hipper"; mae 26 natiki "lutzov" norwick cherukunnaru.
british vaaru raaf cheedle vadda unna raaf vai-station nundi ultra intercepts mariyu traaphik vislaeshanha nundi eee kadalikalanu chadivaaru, idhi "luftwaff" vimanam mariyu ground stationla madhya communicationlanu vintundi. maarchilo 12 mariyu augustulo 21 varaku arcticalo yuu-boat fores yokka balopetam (nijamaina sankhya taruvaata 23 gaa kanugonabadindi), pedda german noukalaku badilee aadeshaalatho paatu, fibravari 23 naa trondheim nundi jalaantargaami "prinz eugen" paie aakasmika daadiki daariteesindi. "prinz eugen" torpedo valla teevramgaa debbatindi mariyu marusati roeju oka rahasya antaraayam debbatinnatlu naavikaadalaaniki teliyajeyabadindi. samacharam ellappuduu charya teesukolekapoyindi endukante daanilo ekkuva bhaagam swalpa notisuto pondabadindi, conny guudachaara samacharam raaja naavikaadalaanni yuddhaaniki siddham cheyadaaniki anumatinchindi mariyu kaanvaaylaku tagina escorting dalaalanu ivvavacchu. shornharst" yokka antaraayam mariyu munigipovadaaniki ultra antaraayaalu baga sahayapaddayi.
saahitya chitranalu.
naukaadala yuddha saahityamlo oka classicga pariganinchabade scottish rachayita alastyre maakilan raasina 1955 navala "hcms ulysses" mariyu dutch rachayita zaan dii hartag raasina 1967 navala "dhi kepten" architic convoyla samayamlo chitreekarinchabaddaayi. rendu pustakaalu shaili, paatra mariyu tatvasaastramlo bhinnamgaa unnaayi (dii hartag oka saantivaadudu, idhi macillion gurinchi cheppalemu). rendoo kooda pradhana paatralanu orpu anchuku mariyu antaku minchi nettivestuu, ummadi teevramaina yuddha charya mariyu niraasraya swabhaavam yokka vaataavaranaanni spashtamgaa teliyajestaayi. teliyajestaayi raitar purr hanson raasina norwegian chaaritraka kathanam "padhi mandiloo okaru chanipovalasi vachindi" ("heaver tainde maan matte doow") rendava prapancha yuddhamlo norwegian navikudu leaf heamstad mariyu norwegian vaanijya naukaadalamlooni itara sabhyula anubhavam aadhaaramgaa roopondinchabadindi. rachayita valentin pikul raasina 1973 naati russian navala "requium pharr convoy pq-17" ("requium caravanu pq-17") convoy pq 17 yokka lakshyanni varnistundi, idhi vaanijya noukalu mariyu vaari sahayakulalo saadhaarana naavikula dhairyam mariyu dhairyanni pratibimbistumdi, vaaru anubandha sahayanni andinchadaaniki praanaantakamaina pramaadaalanu teesukunnaru.
itara sarafara kaanvaaylu.
yuu. ess. ess. aarr. kuu runa-leeju sahayam kosam architic maargam athi chinnadi mariyu atyanta pratyaksha maargam, ayithe idhi atyanta pramaadakaramainadi kooda.
konni 3,964,000 tannula vastuvulu architic maargam dwara ravana cheyabaddaayi; 7 saatam kolpoyaru, 93 saatam surakshitamgaa vacchaaru. idhi yuddha samayamlo yuu. ess. ess. aarr kuu mottam sahayamlo 23 saatam. pertian carridar yuu. ess. ess. aarr kuu atyanta podavaina maargam (mariyu anni vaataavarana margalalo unna ekaika maargam), conny 1942 madhyakaalam varaku puurtigaa panicheyaledu. aaa taruvaata idhi mottam vastuvulalo 27 saatam, ii. dii. 1 tannula vastuvula prayaanaanni chusindi. pasiphik maargam aagashtu aagashtu praarambhinchabadindi, conny mutyaala naukaasrayampai daaditoe japan mariyu us madhya satrutvam praarambhamainanduna prabhaavitamaindi. decemberu 1941 taruvaata, soviet noukalanu matrame upayoginchagaligaaru mariyu japan mariyu yuu. ess. ess. aarr okadaanikokati kathinamaina tatasthatanu gamaninchinanduna, sainiketara vastuvulanu matrame ravana cheyagaligaaru. ayinappatikee, eee maargam dwara tannula koddi vastuvulu vellaayi, idhi mottam 50 saatam.
pasiphik maargamloni oka saakha 1942 juunloo berring jalasandhi gundaa soviet architic tiiraaniki vastuvulanu teesukelladam praarambhinchindi. juulai nundi september varaku chinna soviet kaanvaaylu providence bay, cyberialo samavesamayyayi, veetini uttaraana berring jalasandhi gundaa mariyu paschimaana uttara samudra maargam venta ice breakerlu mariyu lend-leeju prasamsaneeyamaina taragati mainsweeperla dwara teesukuvelataaru. 120 nowkalaloo mottam 452,393 tannulu baring jalasandhi gundaa prayaaninchaayi. eee uttara tunnagelo kontha bhaagam alasca-cyberia vaayu maargam vembadi unna vaimanika sthaavaraalaku indhanamgaa undedi. pedda cyberian nadula nadimukha praantaalalo unna nadhee naalaalu mariyu padavalaku vaimanika sthaavaraala kosam nibandhanalu badilee cheyabaddaayi. migilina noukalu paschima disagaa konasagayi mariyu pradhana dhoothaku cherukunna ekaika samudra ravana sarukugaa unnaayi, ayithe 1943 mariyu 1944 vesavilo zhe. doubleu. convoice nilipiveyabaddaayi.

