
modridlo ravana

modridlo atyanta abhivruddhi chendina ravana moulika sadupayalu unnaayi. upaadhi, samstha, vaanijyam mariyu paryaatakaaniki pramukha kendramgaa modrid aardhika sthithini konasaaginchadaaniki roddu, railu mariyu vimaana margalu chaalaa mukhyamainavi, eee praantamlooni itara praantaalatoo matrame kakunda, migilina speyin mariyu airopa mottamto kooda samarthavanthamaina anusandhanalanu andistaayi. paavu vanthu mandhi prajalu pani kosam nagaramloki vastaaru, mariyu eee mariyu itara sthaanika prayaanikulu adhika saamarthyam kaligina metropolitan rahadari network mariyu metro, "cercanias" sthaanika railways mariyu dattamaina bassu maargaala network aadhaaramgaa baga upayoginche praja ravana vyavasthanu kaligi unnaaru.
suduura ravana paramgaa, modrid anedi "autovias" vyavastha mariyu hye-speed railu network (ev) yokka kendra node, idhi seville mariyu barcelona vanti pradhana nagaralanu 2.5 gantala prayaana samayamlo teesukuvacchindi. modrid-barajas vimaanaasrayam kooda modrid loe undhi, idhi airopalo nalgava atipedda vimaanaasrayam. dveepakalpam madhyalo unna modrid yokka sthaanam dheenini pradhana ravana sthaavaramgaa chestundi.
sthaanika ravana.
nagaramlo 744,000 udyogaalu itara munisipaalitiila nivaasitula chetilo undagaa, rajadhanilo 242,000 nivaasitulaku bayata udyogaalu unnaayi. anduvalla prayaaneekula pravahalu pradhanamgaa nagara kendramloki mariyu velupala untaayi, ayithe shivaaru praantaalaku aardhika karyakalapala vikendrikarana eee namuunaanu maarustondi.
sthiramaina ravana konam nundi, modrid nagara kendram mariyu madhya nundi adhika saandrata kaligina paridheeya kendrakaala yokka compactness nundi baga panichesindi, praja ravana mariyu paadachaarula kadalikaku anukuulamgaa undhi. takkuva saandrata kaligina nivaasa abhivruddhi mariyu prayaana gamyasthaanaala chedaragottadamto, "kotta paridhulalo" balaheenatalu kanipistaayi, idhi adhika kaaru viniyogaaniki daariteestundi.
roddu.
1960 taruvaata modrid yokka bahya vistaranaku perugutunna radial rodla network maddatu ichindi. veetannintikante mukhyamgaa nagara kendraaniki prayaanikula rakapokalaku veelu kalpinchindi. modati kakshya "autovia", m30 nuu srushtinchadam kooda avasaram ayyindi, idhi suduura traafiknu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki uddesinchabadindi, conny sthaanika traaphik dwara aakraminchabadindi. 1980la chivarilo amalu cheyabadina eee pathakamlo tommidi radial autovialu (bargolu, barcelona, valencia, mariyu alusia, toledo, fuenlabrada, extremadura, oka koruna mariyu kolmenar viezo vaipu) unnaayi, conny kevalam oka kakshya maargam-emm-30. kendram nundi ekkuva dhooramlo unna maroe moodu kakshya margalu 1990luu mariyu 2000laloe jodinchabaddaayi. veetini m40, m45 mariyu m50 gaa paerkontaaru.
iteevali pedda pathakam emm30 yokka merugudala. eee rahadari modrid yokka lopali ring motaru maargam. m30 yokka gananeeyamaina bhagalu bhoogarbhamlo nadustaayi mariyu daani pattana motaru maargam soramgaalu podavu kante ekkuva vibhaagaalanu mariyu prati disalo 3 nundi 6 daarulanu kaligi untaayi. avenida dii portugal" sorangam yokka dakshina pravesam mariyu emm-30 dakshina bye-paas yokka uttara nishkramana madhya nirantara soramgaalu unnaayi. m40 anedi oka ring motaru maargam, idhi modrid sarihaddulo sagatu dhooramlo undhi mariyu idhi mottam podavu. m45 anedi nagaram chuttoo unna oka pakshika valayam, idhi modrid metropolitan praantaaniki sevalu andistundi. rendu ring motaru margalu marinta vaeru cheyabadina m40 mariyu m50 madhya nadiche dakshinam nundi eesaanyam varaku m40 raddeeni tagginchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki dheenini nirminchaaru. m50 anedi modrid kakshya motaru maargaala velupali bhaagam mariyu dheeni mottam podavu. idhi pradhanamgaa metropolitan praantaaniki sagatu dhooramlo sevalu andistundi.
modrid yokka atyanta mukhyamaina radial "autovias":
iteevala, krinda jabita cheyabadina naalugu kotta radial tolled "autopistas" (a-n kuu badulugaa r-n anie paeru pettaru), raajadhaaniki kotta access modnu yerparustaayi, modrid nundi marinta vaari "autovia" sahacharulatho vileenam avtayi. eee rahadaarula pradhana prayojanam emitante avi modati kilometre nundi nijamaina vegavantamaina prayaanaanni anumatistaayi. ayithe, mukhyamgaa 2008 aardhika sankshobham taruvaata veetini tarachugaa takkuvagaa upayogistunnaru.
rahadaarulapai pettubadi adhika saamarthyam kaligina metropolitan rahadari netvarkku daariteesindi, bayati munisipaalitiila madhya communicationnu sulabhataram chesindi mariyu panulu ledhaa pramaadaala kaaranamgaa muusivaeyabadataaniki vyatiraekamgaa sthithisthaapakamgaa undhi. ayithe, kotta kakshya rahadaarulu nivaasa praantaalu mariyu aardhika karyakalapala praantaalanu chedaragottadaaniki mariyu vichchinnam cheyadaaniki anukuulamgaa unnaayi, phalitamgaa pattana abhivruddhi okadaanikokati vaerugaa untundi mariyu private vahanalapai chaalaa aadharapadi untundi.
2018loe, prati million nivaasitulaku 18 traaphik maranaalatoe speyin mottamlo madrylenian roadlu atyanta surakshitamainavi.
praja ravana.
metro mariyu cercanias networkla vistarana, bus networkla merugudala, 28 ravana interchangeela nirmaanam mariyu praja ravaanaaku raayiteelaku maddatu ichhe deerghakaalika vidhaanaala phalitamgaa modrid praja ravana vyavasthanu nirminchindi. 
2004loe jarigina chalanasheelata survey eee praantamloo rojuku 14.5m prayaanaalanu lekkinchindi, veetilo 10.0m yaantrikam cheyabaddaayi. 48.rendodi puurtigaa nagaramlone jarigindi, 22.5% nagaramlo praarambhamaindi ledhaa puurtayimdi, mariyu 28.9% puurtigaa nagaram velupala undhi. kendra praantam lopala prayaanaala kosam 69.1%, bayati anchulo ("carona praantiiya") 27.3% varaku praja ravaanaanu upayoginchaaru. praja ravana dwara 40 saatam, bassula dwara 30 saatam, antar pattana bassula dwara 10 saatam, cercanialu dwara 10 saatam prayaanaalu metro dwara jarigaayi. 2013 samvatsaraaniki sambandhinchina iteevali ganaamkaalu, prati samvatsaram bassu 404 mea, metro 563 mea, cercanias 153 mea dwara prayaaneekulanu teesukuvelutunnatlu chuupistunnaayi. lopali nagaram ravana kosam pradhanamgaa metro mariyu emt bassu sevalapai aadhaarapadutundi. paridhiki sambandhinchi, praja ravana annintikante ekkuvagaa cercanias mariyu antar pattana bassulapai aadharapadi untundi. metro kooda bayati praantamlooni konni praantaalaku vistaristondi.
bassulu.
eee railway netvarkku nirantaram vistaristunna city bassula network maddatu istundi. 2013 chivarilo modrid yokka munisipal transport corporation ("empressa munisipal dii transportase dii modrid" ledhaa emt modrid) yokka bassu network mottam podavu gatha enimidellalo 31 saatam perugudalanu suuchistumdi. eee margallo 3,000 vaahanaala perugutunna samudaayam sevalu andistondi. 217 margalu mariyu 10,000 kii paiga staplatho, emt network chaalaa dattamgaa undhi, mariyu munisipaalitiilooni daadaapu mottam janabha bus stapku 300 meterla lopala nivasistunnaaru. metro network udayam 2 gantala nundi 6 gantala madhya moosiveyabadutunnanduna madridloni bassulu matrame 24 gantaluu andubaatulo unde praja ravana vyavastha. buhos" (gudlagoobalu) anie kooda piluvabade raatri bassulu 11.45pm nundi 6.00am varaku nadustaayi. modridlo bhaarii traaphik konni sandarbhaallo city bassulanu chaalaa nemmadigaa ravana cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistundi, ayithe eee samasyanu parishkarinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki modrid nagaramlo 90 kilometres paiga pratyeka bassu mariyu taxi linelu unnaayi. bayati praantaalaku sevalu andinche bassulanu 33 private companylu naduputunnaayi, veetini "consourcio reginal dii transportase dii modrid" samanvayam chestundi. eee network praathamikamgaa radial.
metro.
daadaapu aidu millionla janaabhaaku sevalu andistunna modrid metro ("metro dii modrid") prapanchamlone atyanta vistrutamaina mariyu vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna metro networklalo okati. metrosure ledhaa line 12 anie piluvabade modrid yokka nairuti shivaaru praantaalaku sevalu andinche loopnu jodinchadamtho, idhi ippudu london bhoogarbha taruvaata paschima airopalo rendava podavaina metro vyavastha. 2000la praarambhamlo aneka vistarana prajectula taruvaata, idhi prastutam ekkuvagaa bhoogarbha railway tracklu mariyu mottam 303 stationlanu kaligi undhi.
modrid prapanchamlone daadaapu yabhaiva atyadhika janabha kaligina metropolitan praantam ayinappatikee, eee vyavastha prapanchamlone pannendava podavaina metro. gatha 20 samvatsaraalalo daani vegavantamaina vruddhi dheenini shanghai metro mariyu beijing sabvelatho samanamga prapanchamlone vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna networklalo okatigaa chesindi. saadhaarana spanish rahadari mariyu railu rakapokalaku bhinnamgaa, modrid metro raillu 1924 varaku modridlo edama chethi rakapokalu pramaanamgaa unnanduna daadaapu anni linelalo edama chethi naduputanu upayogistaayi.
metro network loe 303 stationlu unnaayi. indulo 12 linelu, oka branch line mariyu naalugu metro ligero (light metro) tram linelu unnaayi. eee network vyaasa rekhalanu kaligi untundi, ivi oka vruttaakaara rekha (line 6) dwara parasparam anusandhaaninchabadi untaayi. idhi chaalaa varaku munisipaaliteeki manchi kavarejeeni andistundi-janabhalo 50 saatam mandhi metro stationku 600 meterla paridhiloo nivasistunnaaru.
sthaanika railu.
speyin railway vyavastha, "redd national dii ferrocaryls espanols" (renfay) speyin railvello ekkuva bhaganni nirvahistundi. cercanias modrid anedi modrid mariyu daani metropolitan praantaaniki sevalu andinche prayaanikula railu seva. dheenini renfay yokka prayaanikula railu vibhagam cercanias nirvahistundi. mottam podavu. pradhana railu terminals dakshinaana atocha mariyu uttaraana chamartin unnaayi. cercanias networklo 9 linelu mariyu 98 stationlu unnaayi.
itara paddhatulu.
modridlo telepherico dii modrid anae oke cable kaaru undhi, idhi park dell ostenu casa dii campotho kaluputundi.
baisimad bike-sharing pathakaanni 2014loe pravesapettaaru.
modrid praja ravana ganaamkaalu.
udaaharanaku, pani pradaesaaniki, bayataku vellevaaru, modridlo praja ravaanaatoe prayaaninchae sagatu samayam, varapu rojuna 62 nimishalu. 13 saatam praja ravana prayaanikulu pratiroojuu 2 gantalaku paiga prayaanistaaru. praja ravana kosam prajalu stop ledhaa station vadda sagatuna 11 nimishalu vechi undagaa, 13 saatam mandhi raidarlu pratiroojuu sagatuna 20 nimishaalaku paiga vechi untaaru. saadhaaranamgaa prajalu praja ravaanaatoe oke prayaanamloo sagatu dhooram 9.5 kimmy, ayithe 25 saatam mandhi oke disalo 12 kilometres paiga prayaanistaaru.
suduura ravana.
european unionloni itara goppa kendraalaku dhooramgaa unnappatikee, aadhunika ravana anusandhaanaalu eee pratikuulatanu taggistunnaayi. radial "autovias", hye-speed railu mariyu modrid-barajas vimaanaashrayamtho sahaa modridpy drushti saarinche ravana moulika sadupayalalo pedda pettubadi undhi.
roddu.
paina paerkonnatlugaa, modrid adhika saamarthyam gala "autovia" network yokka kendra binduvu, idhi desamloni chaalaa praantaalatoo paatu france mariyu portugal thoo anusandhaanistundi. nirvahana mariyu rahadari bhadratapai drushti saarinchi, rahadari network ippudu chaalaa varaku puurtayinatlugaa pariganinchabadutundi.
hye-speed railu.
modrid prapanchamlooni moodu atipedda hye-speed railway kendraalalo okatigaa tokyo mariyu paarislatho paatu rank pondindi, spanish hye-speed railu network, "alta velocidad espanola" (away) yokka kendra binduvugaa panichestundi, idhi 1992loe modrid-seville line praarambhamtho praarambhinchabadindi. ippudu 2,900 kii. mea. la aveh track undhi, idhi modridnu barcelona, malaga, seville, valencia, valladolid, jaragoja mariyu 11 itara praantiiya raajadhaanulato kaluputundi. atocha mariyu chamartin yokka rendu terminal stationla madhya oka sorangam nirminchabadindi mariyu atocha vistarinchabadindi. radial paatra mariyu aveh network yokka goppa podigimpu railu dwara modrid asaadhaaranamaina praapyatanu andistundihi prayaana samayam barcelona mariyu sevillelaku 2 gantala 30 nimishalu matrame. galicia, austourias, pays vasco, alikante, mursia mariyu extremaduralaku nirmaanamloo unna linela kaaranamgaa modrid nundi aveh dwara connection marinta perugutundi. 2011loe sumaru 23 millionla mandhi prayaanikulu eee pavuranni upayoginchaaru. seva cheyabadina margallo pavuram pedda vatanu teesukundih sevilleku maargam terichinappati nundi, rendu pradaesaala madhya railu prayaanaalu 14 saatam nundi 50 saataaniki perigayi, ayithe gaali 11 saatam nundi 4 saataaniki, roddu 75 saatam nundi 46 saataaniki padipoyindi.
railu saruku ravana.
yivu-modrid railway line prapanchamlone athi podavaina cargo goods railway line, idhi 8,111 mailla dhooramlo undhi. idhi spanish rajadhaanini france, germany, polland, bellarus, russia, kazakhstan mariyu chainaatho kaluputundi.
gaali.
modrid-barajas vimaanaasrayam (aeropuverto dii modrid-barajas) speyin yokka atyanta raddiigaa unde vimaanaasrayam, mariyu iberia airlines yokka pradhana kendram. modridlo atipedda vyapaaramgaa nagara aardhika vyavasthaku mukhyamainadi, pratyakshamgaa 44,000 mariyu parokshamgaa 210,000 udyogaalanu srushtistundani anchanaa veyabadindi, idhi airopa, america mariyu migilina prapanchamlooni iberian dveepakalpaaniki pradhana pravesha dwaaramgaa panichestundi. 2013loe barajalu 39.74m prayaanikulanu nirvahinchaayi (2011loe garishtamgaa unna 49.87m nundi 20 saatam taggindi), veerilo 70 saatam mandhi antarjaateeya prayaanikulu, adanamgaa 343.62m tannula saruku ravana jarigindi. prayaaneekula sankhya dheenini speyin yokka atipedda mariyu raddiigaa unde vimaanasrayamgaa chestundi, adhe samvatsaramlo idhi prapanchamlooni 29va raddiigaa unde vimaanaasrayam mariyu airopalo aarava raddiigaa unde vimaanaasrayam. barajala dwara vimaana saruku ravana mottam speyin kante 52 saatam, mariyu antarjaateeya vimaana saruku ravaanaalo 83.4%. kotta nalgava terminal nirminchabadindi, idhi alasyanni gananeeyamgaa tagginchindi mariyu vimaanaasrayam saamarthyaanni samvatsaraaniki 7 kotla mandiki paiga prayaanikulaku rettimpu chesindi. rendu adanapu ranvelu kooda nirminchabaddaayi, idhi barajalanu gantaku 120 vimanalanu nirvahinchagala naalugu ranvelatho kuudina vimaanasrayamgaa puurtigaa panichestundi.
eee vimaanaasrayam modrid nagara paridhiloo, nagaram yokka aardhika jilla nundi mariyu modrid yokka chaaritraka kendramaina puerta dell solku eshaanyamlo undhi. idhi "autovia", cercanias mariyu metro dwara city centarku manchi anusandhanalanu kaligi undhi. vimaanaasrayaaniki sevalu andinche adhe railu maargamlo sonta metro station unna barajas prakkane unna jilla nundi vimaanaasrayam paeru vachindi.
moosiveyabadina siudad real central vimaanaasrayam nagaraniki rendava vimaanasrayamgaa uddesinchabadindi, dheeniki hye-speed railu dwara anusandhaaninchabadindi.
bassu.
sthaanika mariyu praantiiya bassu prayaana sevalatho paatu, modrid aneka jaateeya gamyasthaanaalaku suduura bassu connectionlaku kooda oka node. desamlo atyanta raddiigaa unde bus station ayina mendes alvarro, moracoloni nagaraalato paatu vibhina european gamyasthaanaalaku antarjaateeya bassu connectionlanu kooda kaligi undhi.
logistical platfam.
eee praantam jaateeya ravana viluva, sarukula ravana, ravana karyakalapala dwara 54 saatam kendrikrutamai undhi, 122,000 mandiki upaadhi kalpistondi. kendra sthaanam, rahadari, railu maargaala radiality, vimaanaasrayam yokka praamukhyata, alaage utpatti, viniyogaaniki pedda kendramgaa undatam valla idhi oka goppa pampinhee kendram. eee praantamloo moodinta rendu vantula upaadhini municipality kendrikaristundi, conny idhi marinta vikendrikrutam avtondi. kendra praantaalalo raddeeni tagginchadaaniki mariyu pampinhee golusulanu hetubaddheekarinchadaaniki nagaram velupala tommidi kotta ravana kendraalanu srushtinchadaaniki oka praantiiya pranaalika prayatnistundi.

