
castoria

castoria (, "castoria") anedi paschima macedonia praantamloo uttara greesloni oka nagaram. idhi macedonia bhougolika praantamloo unna castoria praantiiya vibhaagaaniki rajadhani. idhi orestiada sarassu paschima odduna sunnapurayi parvathaalatho chuttumuttabadina loyalo undhi. eee pattanam aneka byzantine charchilu, byzantine mariyu ottoman-yugapu desheeya vaastusilpam, sarassu mariyu bochu dustula parisramaku prasiddhi chendindi.
paeru.
cree. sha. 550loe procopius eee vidhamgaa eee nagaranni modatisaari prastaavinchaaduh "thessalylo diocletianopolis anae paerutoe oka nirdishta nagaram undedi, idhi puraatana kaalamlo sampannamgaa undedi, conny kalakramena mariyu anagarikula daadulatoe idhi naasanam cheyabadindi, mariyu chaalaa kaalam paatu idhi nivaasitula niraasrayulugaa undedi; mariyu oka nirdishta sarassu sameepamlo unde avakaasam undhi, dheeniki castoria anie paeru pettaru. sarassu madhyalo oka dveepam undhi, chaalaa varaku neetitho chuttumuttabadi undhi; conny sarassu gundaa eee dveepaaniki oke irukaina maargam undhi, padihenu adugula vedalpu minchakudadu. mariyu dveepam paina chaalaa ettaina parvatam undhi, sagam sarassutho kappabadi undagaa, migilinadi daanipai untundi."procopius dheenini" "thessaly nagaram" "gaa perkonnappatiki, varnana nissandehamgaa oka sarassulooni oka promantarypai unna castoria nagaram gurinchi undhi".
castoria" anae paeru yokka muulam gurinchi aneka siddhaantaalu unnaayi. veetilo pradhaanamainadi emitante, eee paeru greeku padam κάστορας ("castoras", antey "beaver") nundi vachindi. sameepamloni orestiada sarassu nundi pondina jantuvu bochulo vaanijyam saampradayakamgaa nagara aardhika vyavasthalo mukhyamaina amsamgaa undhi. itara siddhaantaalu eee paeru greeku padam κάστρο ("castro", antey "koota"; latin padam "castra" nundi) ledhaa pouraanika heero κάστωρ ("castore") nundi udbhavinchindani pratipaadistunnaayi, veeru eee praantamloo gowravinchabadi undavacchu. eee padaanni konnisaarlu sii, "castoria" thoo vraayabadutundi, mukhyamgaa paatha rachanalalo. greeku nundi, eee paeru turkish bhaashalo "kesri" gaa sweekarinchabadindi. nagaram yokka bulgarian, macedonian mariyu cerbian paeru "kostur" (syrillic Костур). albanian paeru, ayithe sugandha paeru.
municipality.
2011 sthaanika prabhutva samskaranalo eee krindi 9 maajee munisipaalitiila vileenam dwara municipality castoria erpadindi, ivi munisipal unitlugaa maraih
munisipaaliteeki 763.330 chadarapu kii. mea. visteernam undhi, munisipal unit 57.318 chadarapu kii. mea.
charitra.
praacheena kaalam.
castoriaku puraatana muulaalu unnayani nammutaaru. livy (XXXI, XL) orestisloni oka sarassu sameepamlo unna celetrum anie piluvabade oka pattanaanni prastaavinchaaru, dheeni nivaasulu massedon yokka phillip V (creepoo 200) kuu vyatiraekamgaa roman yuddhamlo sulpetiusku longipoyaru. puraatana pattanam bahusha pattanam yokka prastuta sthaanaaniki paina unna kondapai undochu.
roman chakravarthy diocletian (AD loe paripaalinchina) sameepamlo diocletianopolis pattanaanni sthaapinchaadu. procopius ("dii ediphysis", 4.3.1-4) vivaristuu, diocletianopolis anagarikulache naasanam cheyabadina taruvaata, chakravarthy justinian daanini pattanam yokka prastuta sthaanamaina orestiada sarassulo project chese promontarypy marchadu mariyu daaniki tagina paeru icchaadu, bahusha athanu daanini justiniopolis anie paeru maarchinatlu suuchistumdi. tii. ell. fr. tafel, vayaa agnatia ("dii vayaa military romanoram agnatia", 1832) paie thana adhyayanamlo, celetrum, diocletianopolis mariyu castoria anevi oke pradaesaaniki varusaga moodu paerlu anie suuchimchaaru.
madhya yugam.
ayithe, 10va sataabdam chivarilo/11va sataabdam praarambhamlo jarigina byzantine-bulgarian yuddhaala varaku castoria kanipinchadu (constantine porpherogenetos yokka "dii thematibus" loe diocletianopolis prastaavana kalakramanusaram ledhu, idhi 6va sataabdapu "synecdemus" nundi teesukobadindi). 1018loe tulasi II swaadheenam chesukune varaku eee pattanam bulgarian chetullo undedi.
castorianu 1082/83 loe bohemand I krinda normanlu aakramincharu, conny tvaralo alexios ii comnenos chetha tirigi pondabadindi. eee pattanamlo yoodula uniki gananeeyamgaa undhi, mukhyamgaa 11va sataabdapu panditudu tobia benn elizer.
13va mariyu 14va sataabdaalaloo, eee pattanam aneka saktula madhya pooteeki gurai, tarachugaa chetulu maarutuu undedi. rendava bulgarian saamrajyam eee nagaranni epirus nirankusulu tirigi swaadheenam chesukune varaku kaloyan mariyu evon asen II aadhvaryamlo unchindi. nikeyan saamrajyam dheenini cree. sha. loe swaadheenam chesukundi. 1252, conny daanini mallii sii. eah loe epirus kaaranamgaa kolpoyindi. 1257, pelagonia yuddham (1259) taruvaata nikeeyanlu daanini tirigi swaadheenam chesukovadaniki matrame.
14va sataabdam praarambhamlo, castoria goppa vlachia mariyu castoria yokka "dowks" ayina zaan II doucas domainlo bhaagamgaa undedi. ayana maranam taruvaata, eee pattanam stephen gabrielopolos yokka pakshika swayampratipatti domainlo bhaagamaindi. 1332/3 loe rendava maranam taruvaata, byzantine chakravarthy andronicos III paleologos pattanaanni swaadheenam chesukunnadu, conny marusati samvatsaram (1334) loe tirugubaatu syrians paleologos daanini serbsku kluptamgaa appaginchaadu.
cerbian palakudu stephen dushan chivaraku custorianu 1342/3 loe swaadheenam chesukunnadu, konasagutunna byzantine antaryuddhaanni sadviniyogam chesukuni, daanini thana cerbian saamrajyamlo bhaagamgaa chesukunnadu. dushanu maranam taruvaata, custoria simeon euros yokka sthaanamgaa maarindi.
eee pattanam taruvaata epiorot palakudu thamus priljubovic aadhvaryamlo, chivaraku albanian muzaka kutumbam krinda, 1380la madhyalo ottoman saamrajyam swaadheenam chesukune varaku vachindi.
ottoman shakam.
ottoman turklu 1385 loe custorianu jayincharu, ayithe balavantamgaa ledhaa daani albanian paalakulatoe oppandam dwara anedi aspashtamgaa undhi. ottoman kaalamlo castoria gananeeyamaina muslim janabhanu sampaadinchindi mariyu nagaramlo aneka maseedulu mariyu tekkulu kanipinchaayi. eee roeju varaku unna ekaika maseedu kursum maseedu. 1519loe (hizri 925) eee pattanamlo 67 muslimlu mariyu 732 kraistava kutumbaalu undevi; idhi chamberline mehmed bay yokka oka gemet, mariyu thessaloniki yokka padaatidala commander, hizzer. eee pattanamlo vaaynaklu kooda undevi.
vassil kanchov kanugonna vivaraala prakaram, 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo, eee pattanamlo mottam 6190 mandhi nivaasitulaku, 3.000 greeku kraistavulu, 1.600 turkish muslimlu, 750 mandhi yoodulu, 300 bulgarian kraistavulu, 300 albanian kraistavulu mariyu 240 romaalu unnaaru. dimitri mishev kanugonna vivaraala prakaram, eee pattanamlo 1905loe (muslim janabha minaha) greek kraistavulu, 400 bulgarian pitruswamya grecommonlu mariyu 72 vlaachlu unnaaru.
modati balcon yuddham (1912) varaku, grease daanini swaadheenam chesukune varaku eee nagaram ottoman paalanalo (19va sataabdam chivaralo mariyu 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo manastyr vilaayetlo bhaagamgaa) undipoyindi. 1913 london mariyu bookarest oppandaalu castorianu greeku raashtramlo cherchaayi. modati prapancha yuddham mugisina taruvaata, 1924loe grease mariyu tarkeela madhya janabha marpidi samayamlo castoria janabhalo ekkuva mandhi muslimlu turkeylooni nevsehir, neegde mariyu yojgatlaku bahishkarinchabaddaaru.
dolso mariyu apojari.
ottoman kaalamlo, castoria balkanlu mariyu velupala nundi aneka mandhi prajalanu aakarshinchindi, phalitamgaa vaividhyamaina, bahula jaathi samajam erpadindi. phalitamgaa, nagara pranaalika samuulamgaa maarchabadindi. bulgarian, turkish, greeku mariyu yoodu vividha jaathi sanghaalu pratyeka porugu praantaalu ledhaa 'nivaasaalu' chuttoo kendrikrutamayyayi. rendu paatha greeku sarassu pakkana unna nivaasaalu, "doltso" (dolcho) mariyu "apojari" parisaraalu, nagaramloni uttamamgaa samrakshinchabadina mariyu chivariga migili unna saampradaaya nivasalalo unnaayi.
eee parisaraalu 17va mariyu 19va sataabdaala madhya nirminchina mukhyamaina private bhavanalu ledhaa marinta vinayapoorvakamaina jaanapada nivaasaalu ('anubandha' bhavanalu) vanti swayampratipatti gala chaaritraka bhavanala aakaaramlo samrakshinchabadina paatha gruhaala goppa samuuhamtoe vargeekarinchabaddaayi. eee samayamlo, jantuvula bochunu airopaku proses cheyadam mariyu egumati cheyadam valla sampada srushtinchabadindi, mariyu pratyeka nirmaana mariyu alankaara viluva kaligina nagara bhavanalu nirminchabaddaayi. charchilu mariyu private gruhaala eee paraspara anusandhaanita sambandham byzantine mariyu post-byzantine townshipku arudaina udaaharana, mariyu eee roeju varaku nivaasitulugaa undhi.
doltso" mariyu "apojari" parisaraala yokka saampradaaya bhavanalu mariyu mainer illu nagaramloni aadhunika abhivruddhi, alaage paelavamaina parirakshana sthaayila nundi nirmaanaatmaka ksheenatatoo bedirinchabadutunnaayi. eee pradaesaalu 2014loe airopalo atyanta pramaadamloo unna 7 smaaraka chihnalu mariyu pradaesaala jaabitaalo cherchabaddaayi.
antaryuddha kaalam.
greeku janabha lekkala prakaram (1920) pattanamlo 6,180 mandhi prajalu unnaaru mariyu 1923loe 829 mandhi nivaasitulu (ledhaa 242 kutumbaalu) muslimlu. greeku-turkish janabha marpidi taruvaata, 1926loe castorialo thoorpu thrace (19), asea mainer (101) mariyu pontus (1) nundi saranaarthula kutumbaalu undevi. greeku janabha lekkala prakaram (1928) 10,308 pattana nivaasulu namodu cheyabaddaaru. 1928loe 137 saranaarthula kutumbaalu (588 mandhi) undevi.
rendava prapancha yuddham.
rendava prapancha yuddham mariyu greeku antaryuddham rendinti samayamlo, eee pattanam padepade poraadabadindi mariyu eee prakriyaloo bhaareega debbatindi. dheenini 1948loe greeku communistu prajaasvaamya sainyam daadaapu swaadheenam chesukundi, 1949loe poura yuddham yokka chivari yuddhalu sameepamloni gramos parvatampai jarigaayi.
modati yoodu samajam romaniot yoodula sangham. vaarilo okaru tobia benn elizer. 1940loe castorialo yoodula janabha 900, pradhanamgaa ladino matlade sephardic yoodulu unnaaru. 17va mariyu 18va sataabdaalaloo italii meedugaa valasa vacchina phalitamgaa (vaastavaaniki speyin nundi) aneka kutumba paerlu italian muulaaniki chendinavi.
1944 marchi chivaralo, rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo naajii german aakramanalo, 763 castorian yoodulanu naajii dalaalu khaideelugaa teesukoni, holocast samayamlo yoodulanu uddeshapoorvakamgaa nirmoolinche kaaryakramamlo bhaagamgaa ashwitz-birkenouku pampaaru. yoodu pourulu nirbandha shibiraalaku balavantamgaa vellina 4 nelala lopu greeku prajala vimukti sainyam yokka gerillalu castorianu vimukti chesaaru. 1945loe yuddham mugise samayaniki, asalu janabhalo 35 mandhi matrame batiki unnaaru, samaajamlo ekkuva mandhi nirbandha shibiraallo champabaddaru.
2016loe, "treasoros dhi laast juice off castoria" anae pratyeka documentary intaku mundennadoo chuudani futejeetho vidudala cheyabadindi. dheenini executive nirmaata mariyu darsakudu laurence russo (athani tallidandrula katha aadhaaramgaa) mariyu saha-darsakudu mariyu nirmaata laurie canfino roopondinchaaru.
aardhika vyavastha.
castoria oka prasiddha paryataka pradaesam mariyu bochu vyaapaaraaniki antarjaateeya kendram, dheeniki "bochu vyaapaarula nagaram" anae maaruperu pettaru. paryatakam mariyu bochu parisrama sthaanika aardhika vyavasthalo aadhipatyam chelaayistunnaayi. vaastavaaniki, (paina paerkonnatlugaa) eee pattanaaniki bahusha eee praantamloo antarinchipoyina vyaapaaraaniki puurvapu pradhaanamaina vaatilo okataina european beaver (greeku bhaashalo "castori") paeru pettaru. mink bochu vyaparam ippudu prabalamgaa undhi mariyu prati samvatsaram nagaramlo bochu yokka antarjaateeya pradarsana jarugutundi. castoria aardhika vyavasthalo bochu vaanijyam atipedda amsam mariyu idhi 14va sataabdamloo byzantine sabhikula dustula lining kosam nagaram ermaine peltlanu andinchinappudu praarambhamaindi. prarambha vyaapaarulu russia mariyu germanylo sthirapaddaaru. rendava prapancha yuddham mugimpulo germany vibhajana taruvaata, bochu kendram leapsig nundi frankfurtku maarindi. 1940la chivaralo greeku antaryuddham samayamlo, newyork furierlaku kendramgaa erpadina vruddhaapya yoodu valasadaarula sthaanaanni teesukoovadaaniki vaelaadi mandhi castorianlu united statesku valasa vacchaaru. 1984loe, 25,000 mandhi castorianlu newyork praantamloo panicheestuu, nivasistunnaaru, mariyu 10,000 mandhi frankfurt loe nivasistunnaaru.
ippudu castorialo 300 mandiki paiga chinna mariyu pedda bochu vyaapaarulu unnaaru. itara parisramalalo sthaanikamgaa pandinche utpattulu, mukhyamgaa godhumalu, aapil, wine mariyu chepala ammakam mariyu pampinhee unnaayi. iteevala castoria nagaramlo oka pedda shopping center nirminchabadindi. kastorialo 16 sthaanika radeo stationlu, 2 tv stationlu, 5 dinapatrikalu mariyu 7 vaarapatrikalu unnaayi. pattana vimaanaasrayaaniki aristatlis vimaanaasrayam anie paeru pettaru.
mailuraallu.
mataparamaina pradaesaalu.
castoria greeku sanaatana charchiki oka mukhyamaina matha kendram mariyu idhi metropolitan bishop yokka sthaanam. greesloni kotta bhuubhaagaala mahanagaralalo castoria mahanagaram okati, idhi grease charchilo bhaagamgaa nirvahinchabadutundi. castorialo modata 72 byzantine mariyu madhyayuga charchilu undevi, veetilo 54 migili unnaayi, veetilo mouzaki seyint athanasius kooda unnaaru. veetilo konni punaruddharinchabaddayi mariyu chivari byzantine sailula vaastusilpam mariyu kudyachitraala pokadala gurinchi upayogakaramaina antardrushtini andistaayi.
castorialo rendu bektashi tekkulu mariyu moodu bektashi turbs undevi. modatidi florida nundi rahadaaripai pattana pravesha dwaaram vadda undhi mariyu idhi mukhyamgaa "puraatanamainadi" mariyu gatamlo mukhyamainadigaa cheppabadindi. idhi 1826 himsa samayamlo baadhapadindi. akkada khananam cheyabadina daani pradhana sadhuvu, turkish vijayam samayamlo jeevinchinatlu cheppabade kasim baba anae prarambha bektashi missionarylalo okaru, jaanapada charitra prakaram, "maranaanantara adbhuta karmikudu" mariyu oka bhaarii raatini sthaanika charchiloki koolchiveyadam dwara chaalaa mandhi sthaanika kraistavulanu marcharu. ayithe 19va sataabdamloo sunni anichiveta kinda eee tekke anachiveyabadindi. maroe mukhyamaina tekke byarakla sameepamlo unna toplitza vadda undhi, mariyu sthaanika pramukha sandjakdar allie baba samaadhitho kuudina oka turb undhi. gypsy quarter shivaarlalo aidin baabaaku oka turb kooda undedi.
museumlu.
dexamenis squarepy unna museum off byzantine historylo byzantine iconographyki aneka udaaharanalu unnaayi. dustula museum mariyu smaaraka chihnala museum kooda nagaramlo unnaayi. castanophyto graamamlo jaanapada museum (castanophyto) undhi, idhi sthaanika praantam nundi jaanapada sampradaayaalanu samrakshistundi.
ottoman kaalaaniki chendina paatha maanorlatho castoria nindi undhi, ayithe paatha byzantine godalalo konni bhagalu kooda unnaayi.
vantenalu.
castoria saampradaaya nirmaanamloo raathi vantenalu mukhyamaina bhaagam. atyanta prasiddhamaina vantena jaujauli vantena, coromilia vantena, kautsoumply vantena mariyu berikilooni vantena.
castoria prefecture yokka dakshina konapai maarumuula praantamloo unna jaujauli vantena, jaujauli pravaham yokka neetipai nirminchabadindi mariyu mt nii kaluputundi. enteetho smolicas. vois. idhi vampu, 25 meterla podavu mariyu 7 meterla etthu kaligi undhi. 1880loe konitsa nundi vacchina chetivruttulavaaru dheenini nirminchaaru. nadiloe munigipoyina thana sodarudi ghnaapakaartham oka vyakti nundi ledhaa oka chinna ammai munigipovadamto kadilina palakudu nundi vantenanu nirminchaalanukunnanduku eee nirmaanaaniki nidhulu samakuurchabaddaayi.
kautsoumply vantena vayo mariyu smolicas parvataala madhya, jaujauli nadipai undhi mariyu idhi gatamlo eptachori mariyu jaujauli gramalanu kaluputundi. dheeni vampu 14 meterla vedalpu, 8 meterla etthu mariyu idhi mottam 33 meterla podavu mariyu 2.4 meterla vedalpu kaligi undhi.
berikeelooni vantena chaalaa sannani vampu mariyu goppa ettunu kaligi undhi. dheenini dendrokori graamam nundi vacchina master builder sdroleos tayaaru chesaaru, bahusha 1866loe. vantena pakkana oka water mill mariyu oka satram undavacchu. bahusha ikkade eee praantam paeru (inn beriki) nundi vachindi.
coromilia vantena ladopotamos nadipai nirminchabadindi mariyu idhi coromilia gramanni dendrokori graamamtho anusandhaaninchadaaniki upayoginchabadindi. idhi vampu kaligi undhi mariyu 26 meterla podavu, 2.8 meterla vedalpu, 7 meterla etthu mariyu 16 meterla vampu terachi undhi. idhi 1865loe nirminchabadindi mariyu sunnapurayi mariyu skist slate kaligi undhi.
vidya.
rendu vibhaagaalato (informatics mariyu mathematics) westran macedonia vishwavidyaalayam yokka school off sciences nagaramlo undhi, alaage communication mariyu digital media mariyu economics vibhagalu unnaayi.
vantakaalu.
sthaanika pratyekataluh
kreedalu.
castoria effsy nagaram yokka football jattu. idhi 1963loe moodu sthaanika pakshalu kalisi castoriaku praatinidhyam vahinchadaaniki oka balamaina jattunu erpaatu chesinappudu sthaapinchabadindi. 1974loe vaaru greeku modati vibhaagaaniki padoonnati pondhi, akkada oka samvatsaram paatu pootii chesinappudu, mariyu 1979-1980 loe finallo iracles eff. sii. paie 5-2thoo aakattukune vijayam saadhinchina taruvaata vaaru greeku kapnu geluchukunnappudu jattu yokka atyanta vijayavantamaina samvatsaraalu.
roying london 2012 olympic games giannis christou, christina geogitzido
brazil 2016 olympic games giannis christou
vaataavaranam.
castorialo thematho kuudina upaushnamandala vaataavaranam ("cfa") untundi. sarassu yokka mitamaina prabhavam phalitamgaa, idhi migilina paschima macedonia kante takkuva teevramaina ushnogratalanu namodu chestundi.
antarjaateeya sambandhaalu.
janta pattanaalu-sodari nagaralu.
castoria eee krindi vaatitho jatacheyabadi untundih

