
mujikaja prada

mujikaja prada ("raitula satyam" ledhaa "jaanapada satyam") belarasian latin varnamaalalo viplavaatmaka kastus kalinoski netrutvamloni samuuham aksharaala roopamlo 1862-1863 loe mudrinchina modati belarasian bhasha vaartaapatrika. edu sanchikalu mudrinchabaddaayi, annee "jusco haspather jedd paad wilney" ("jusco, vilna sameepamloni bhuswamy" ledhaa "jusco, vilna sameepamloni yoman") anae maaruperuto mudrinchabaddaayi. aaa vaartaapatrikanu chattaviruddhamaina, viplavaatmakamaina, "rahasyamaina antitorist vaartaapatrika", mariyu manifesto anie pilicheevaaru.
nepathyam.
constanti kalinovsky russian saamrajyam (ippudu mostolani, polland) looni grodnensky used looni mastalianilo oka "szlachta" kutumbamlo janminchaadu.
1855loe swisloksloni sthaanika paatasaala nundi pattabhadrudaina taruvaata, kalinovsky masco vishwavidyaalayam yokka vaidyasaastra adhyaapakulalo pravesinchaadu. oka semister taruvaata athanu seyint kuu vellaadu. pietersburg, akkada athani sodarudu unnadu mariyu seyint vishwavidhyaalayamlo nyaya adhyaapakulalo cheraadu. pietersburg. thana sodarudu vijaetatoe paatu, athanu jigment sierakovsky mariyu jarosla dabrowski netrutvamloni polish vidyaarthula kutralu mariyu rahasya saamskrutika sanghaalalo palgonnadu. 1860loe pattabhadrudaina taruvaata, constanti vilniusku prayaaninchi, akkada sivil sarveeslo chaeradaaniki viphalamaina darakhaastu chesukunnadu.
charitra.
poura sevalo sthaanam niraakarinchabadina taruvaata, kalinovsky thana dhesha vimukti kosam oka udyamaanni nirvahinchaadu. tirugubaatuku sannahakamgaa, athanu aadhunika belarasian bhaashalo modati vaartaapatrika "mujikaja prada" ("raitula nijam") nuu "jusco haspather jedd paad wilney" ("jusco, vilna sameepamloni bhuswamy" ledhaa "jusco, vilna sameepamloni yoman") anae maaruperuto vidudala cheyadam praarambhinchaadu. athanu grodno mariyu bialistoke, geometer, duty officer mariyu bronisla swars looni viplavaatmaka udyamaala madhya anusandhanamgaa unna atavee adhikari valery vroblevskytho kalisi vaartaapatrikalo panicheesaadu. vaartaapatrika teliyani pradaesamloe mudrinchabadindi; idhi bahusha vividha nagarallo, bahusha bialistoke, grodno mariyu vilniuslalo cheyabadindi. idhi minsk loe mudrinchabadindani pisarsky paerkonnaadu.
modati sanchika bahusha juun 1862loe, rendavadi september 1862 praarambhamlo, janavari 1863 varaku kaalamlo 3,4,5 sanchikalu, 1863 praarambhamlo 6 sanchika, 1863 vasantakaalamlo 7 sanchika prachurinchabaddaayi. juun prachurana teedeegaa bhaavistaaru endukante grodno governor, september 17,1862naa, eee vaartaapatrikalo okadaanni prachurinche russian mantriki raasaaru... idhi sumaru rendu nelalu, mariyu marokati sumaru rendu vaaraala paatu raitula madhya chelaamanilo undhi. mujikaja prada" yokka lekkaleni kaapeelu kooda chelaamanilo unnaayi.
viplavaatmaka samsthala sabhyulu grodno mariyu bialistoke praantaalalo samasyalanu pampinhee chesaaru. vroblevsky swayamgaa ratrivela gramalalo gurrampai swarry chesi, akkada "mujikaja prada" kaapeelanu chedaragottaadu. prekshakulu raitulu ("vaariki ayana vaari swantha bhaashalo bhoomini vaagdaanam chesadu") mariyu uniate charchi vishwaasulu (1839loe adhikarulu raddu chesaaru).
charitrakaarudu leo horosco vaartaapatrika mariyu adhikaarula pratispandananu ilaa vivarinchaaduh
mujikaja prada" loe ekkuva bhaagam jarrist adhikarulu gramalanu dochukovadam gurinchi nijamaina vaastavaalanu bahirgatam cheyadaaniki ankitam cheyabadindi. aarava sanchika puurtigaa paatha bilorutian aikyata vishwaasaanni rakshinchadaaniki ankitam cheyabadindi. "mujikaja prada" prajalalo baga prachuryam pondindi, tatphalitamgaa jarrist paalana yokka puurti kopaanni aakarshinchindi. saamraajya adhikaarulaku tirugubaatuku sannahalu gurinchi telusu, daanini nivaarinchadaaniki vaaru 1862 octoberulo sainyam kosam niyaamakaala sunkaanni roopondinchaaru. sainika vayassu gala yuvata ventane adavulaku velli brundaalanu erpaatu cheyadam praarambhinchaaru, tadwara tirugubaatu praarambhamayyindi.
vaartaapatrika mudrana mariyu pampineepai vichaarana jarigindi. gredno governor aagashtu 10,1862naa, breast praantamlooni graamamlooni raitulu jassianive, padbourge mariyu radiovies vaartaapatrika yokka modati sanchika yokka naalugu kaapeelanu kanugonnatlu teliyajesaaru. teevramaina daryaaptu praarambhinchaalani mantritva saakha aadesinchindi. grodano governor 1962 september 17naa antargata vyavahaaraala mantriki nivedinchaaru... polland raajya sarihaddulo unna grodno governorate yokka povietslo daadaapu pratyaekamgaa rechagotte lekhalu kanipinchaayi."chattaviruddhamaina vaartaapatrikanu vyaapti chesinanduku kaneesam oka vyakti, 44 yella raitu massiz tiuchnia, uriteeyabaddaadu, marokaru, 26 yella maajee vidyaarthi seyint. pietersburg vishwavidyaalayam joseph gorjak, katogaku pampabaddaadu.
rendu chattaviruddhamaina polish bhashalanu kooda kalinovsky mudrinchaaru ledhaa ayana aamodam ledhaa prothsaahamtho, "dhi flag off friedam" ("chorague swody") mariyu "dhi vois off litwa" (""). eee iddaru vaartaapatrikala uddesinchina prekshakulu prabhuvulu; iddarikee "mujikaja prada" anae patrika nundi veluvade vivaadaaspada saamaajika ninaadaalu kooda laevu. dhi flag off friedam" anae moodu sanchikalu prachurinchabaddaayi.
charitrakaarudu dorota maikhaluk prakaram, "reds karyakramam" chorague swody "vaartaapatrikalo eee krindi vidhamgaa roopondinchabadindih 1772 nundi sarihaddula lopala polish-lithuvanian commonwealth daani rashtra swaatantryaaniki punaruddharinchadam, ootu hakku, saamaajika suutraala prajaswamyam, sainika charya dwara jarrist palananu raddu cheyadam, anni saamaajika samuuhaala madhya sangheebhaavam mariyu russian prajaasvaamyavaadulatho pottu."
janavari 23,1863naa tirugubaatu praarambhamaindi. tirugubaatu samayamlo vaartaapatrika yokka chivari sanchika mudrinchabadindi. daanini anachivesinappudu, kalinovskeeni arrestu chesi vilniuslo khaidu chesaaru; athanu akkada thana "uri kinda nundi lekha" ("pismo jedd-pyaad saibeenisi") raasaadu. russiaku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatuku naayakatvam vahinchinanduku atanni kortu-marshal vichaarana chesi maranasiksha vidhinchindi. 1864 marchi 22naa, 26 samvatsaraala vayassulo, castus kalinovsky vilnius looni lukiscase square loe bahirangamgaa uriteeyabaddaadu.
theemlu.
tirugubaatu kaalaaniki chendina belarasian patrikalu chaalaa takkuva mataparamaina uddeshaalanu kaligi unnayani charitrakaarudu jita medisouskiene raasaaru; daani pradhana itivruttaalu saamaajika anyayam mariyu russian saamrajyam anachiveta. aaa kaalamlooni prachara patrikalu "atyanta oppinchevi" anie kooda aame pramukhamgaa chepparu.
"[patrikalo]...saamaajika samasyalapai pradhanamgaa drushti saarinchaaru. belarasian raitulapai russian prabhutvam vidhinchina saamaajika anyayam mukhyamgaa highlight cheyabadindihi adhika pannulu, nirbandha niyamakam, maroka bhuswamy vaddaku velladampai nishedham (polish-lithuvanian commonwealth kaalamlo eee swechcha oka vaastavikata), poura sevakula chattaviruddhamaina mariyu anyaayamaina charyalu, mariyu 1861 vimukti, idhi raitula anchanaalanu andukovadamlo viphalamaindi. saamraajya russian paalana yokka akrama charyalatho paatu uniate charchi mariyu "nijamaina" uniate vishwaasam raddu cheyabadindani nivedinchabadindi. catholic charchi anachiveta gurinchi kooda appudappudu prastaavinchabadindi.
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"belarasianlo prachurinchabadina "mujikaja prada" ("raitula nijam"), catholic charchipai vidhinchina tappulanu puurtigaa tolaginchindi; idhi aarava sanchikalo union raddu gurinchi mariyu saamraajya prabhutvam chesina aneka itara tappu charyalanu vivarinchina taruvaata prastaavinchindi. ayithe, idhi pratyaekamgaa oppinche vidhamgaa jarigindi. puurveekula vishwaasam, aikya vishwaasam, nijamaina matam anie gazit nokki cheppindi, ayithe jaar vidhinchina sanaatanatvam abaddham. oka anucarudu "kukkala chanipotadu mariyu maranam taruvaata narakamlo badhapadatadu". nijamaina vishwaasaanni vidichipettina vaarini devudu sikshistaadu, "shaashwata baadha kosam vaarini narakaniki pampandi, dayyaalu aatmanu mukkalu chestaayi, mariyu taaru mea dhairyamlo udakutundi. appudu meeru mea vidhi gurinchi telusukuntaaru; conny okasari narakamlo, chaalaa alasyam avutundi; meeru neethimanthudaina devudini geluchukoru, mariyu mea baadha saasvatamainadi avutundi. eee samasyalo, belarasian raitulu swechcha kosam pooraadataaniki aahvaaninchabaddaru, antey vaari mataanni prakatinchukune swechcha kooda.
belarasian grandhaalalo pracharam cheyabadina antima viluva swechcha anie aame muginchaaru. idhi vyaktigata swechcha mariyu manassakshi swechchagaa ardham cheyabadindi; conny, murry mukhyamgaa, idhi saamaajika swechcha mariyu bhoomini kaligi undataaniki hakkugaa kooda ardham cheyabadindi. saadhaaranamgaa, belarasian tirugubaatu patrikalalo saamaajika samasyalu prabalamgaa undevi. kalinoski chaalaa prachuranalaku rachayita ledhaa sampadakudu anae vaastavam kaaranamgaa eee paristhiti kontavaraku undavacchu."
aarava sanchikalo, kalinovsky, "chaalaa mandhi poplaku lancham icchi, vibhedamloki pravesinchamani maaku cheppadu, athanu dabbu chellinchaadu, tadwara memu sanaatanamgaa matrame maaravacchu, mariyu eee kreestu virodhi laaga.
ayana mana nundi mana neetimantula vishwaasaanni teesivesi satabdaalugaa manalanu devuni chetilo kolpoyadu."
oxford prachurinchina "eah history off moderan political think inn eest central eurup" anae pustakamlo, rachayitalu kalinovsky grandhaalu "puraatana swayam paalita raitu samaajaala aadarsavantamaina chitraanni bhuswamya anachiveta taruvaati kaalaalaku viruddhamgaa, saamaajika mariyu jaateeya vimukti kaaryakramaalanu militam chesi, russian" kaadini "khandinchayi, conny polish" paan "(prabhuvu) nuu saadhaarana prajalaku satruvugaa abhivarninchaayi."
kalinoski "mujikaja prada" yokka moodava sanchikalo ilaa vraasaadu "manam evari nundi aasinchavalasinadi aemee ledhu, endukante vittevaadu matrame pandinchagaladu. kabatti, naa mitrulara, samayam vachinappudu, raitulu swechchagaa undataaniki, yea sramanu vadulukokunda, puurti chetulato vittudam, endukante purushulu prapanchavyaaptamgaa unnaaru. devudu manaku sahayam chestaadu!"charitrakaarudu david faznhouz" "mujikaja pradaa" "yokka pani anie vraasaadu"... oka manchi jaar yokka bhramanu raitulanu tolaginchadam mariyu polish viplava udyamam kosam gramanni swaadheenam chesukovadam ".
vaartaapatrika yokka praamukhyata gurinchi faznhouz ilaa vraasaaru
mujikaja prada" chaalaa samasyalatho mudipadi undani neenu angeekarinchaali, raitula kosam uddesinchina lekhalo bahusha modatisaarigaa nirnayaatmaka paddhatiloo munduku unchadam, vaari praamukhyatalo pratipaadistundi, idhi aaa kaalamlooni itara viplavaatmaka vaartaapatrikala nundi pratyaekamgaa nilustundi. erupu" yokka edama vibhagam yokka bhaavajaalam gurinchi telusukovadaaniki, "mujikaja prada" anedi nissandehamaina viluva kaligina patram.
rachayitrutvam mariyu bhasha vislaeshanha.
eee kaagitam samishtiga rasinappatiki, parisoedhakulu kalinovskeeni pradhana rachayitagaa gurtinchaaru. bhasha shaastravetta nina barzzevska vaartaapatrika bhashanu vislaeshimchaaru, akkada gamaninchina pratyeka lakshanaala gurinchi vivaramgaa rasaru
"mujikaja prada", latin varnamaalalo 1862-1863 loe prachurinchabadindi mariyu pradhanamgaa kastus kalinoskiche savarinchabadindi-idhi kevalam 7va sanchika matrame
vaartaapatrika munupati vatiki puurtigaa bhinnamgaa untundi. mujikaja prada" mariyu "uri kinda aksharalu" anae aaru sanchikala bhashanu k. kalinoski hrodna maandalikaalaku anugunamgaa untundi. vaatilo eee krindi lakshanaalu kanipistaayih akanne, idhi ottidi cheyani aksharalu mariyu ottidi cheyabadina aksharaala mundu ottidi cheyabadina aksharaalalo vividha rakaluga grahinchabadutundi, taruvaata ottidi cheyani aksharalu-idhi 94.8% (addasi, cassiusku, mascale, padatki, saciary mariyu swoju, zlitovania) loe ottidi anae padaaniki mundu kanipistundi, hallulu mariyu p, samrakshinchabadina e (sijo, piereprosisz) thoo lexemlatho aadhipatyam chelaayinchina taruvaata, conny a appudappudu kooda kanipistundi (sijalavikovi, japrahaje); chivari ottidi cheyabadina aksharamlo ottidi cheyani aksharam taruvaata samrakshinchabadutundi (ascomsto, jashko, vidno), conny 99 va sanchikalo oken yokka 99 va sanchikalo, oka oken, (oken, oken, oken, oken, oken, oken, oken, oken, oken, oken, oken, oken, oken, oken, oken, oken, oken mujikaja pruda" mariyu "uri kinda aksharalu" bhashanu mastavalyani graamam yokka maandalikamtho polchadam dwara aasaktikaramaina phalitaalu pondavacchu, ikkada k. kalinoski janminchaaru. idhi kooda ilanti bhasha yaadruchchikatanu pradarsistundi. idhi k nii soochinche adanapu vaadana. kalinosky "mujikaja prada" (ledhu. 1-6), vaartaapatrika modati prachurana nundi 150 samvatsaraalaku paiga maandalikamlo sambhavinchina maarpulanu parigananaloki teesukunte.
kalinovsky bhaashalo p, xi, naan-native f (" "praankooj" ["french"], "monixtest" manifest ["manifesto"]), akaane, * t ', d' yokka anubandham mariyu vaayuvya mandalikam vanti vyaavahaarika belorutian lakshanaalu pushkalamgaa unnayani gurtinchabadindi "."20va sataabdam praarambhamlo aadhunika belarasian saahitya bhasha roopakalpanapai kalinovsky grandhaala bhasha gananeeyamaina prabhavanni chuupaleedu.
vaartaapatrika yokka puurti paatham modatisaarigaa soviet unionlo 1928 loe prachurinchabadindi. agarsky yokka "ocharki poe istori revolutionnogo dwijenia vii belorussi, 1863-1917".
"pismo aud jaska haspadaras paad wilney".
"pismo aud jaska hospidaras pyaad wilney daa mujikov giemly polscose" ("" vilna sameepamloni jaska yoman nundi polish bhoomi raitulaku raasina lekha "") nuu agatan giller "" historia poustania narodu polskiyego doubleu 1861-1864 aarr "" loe mudrinchaaru ". tii. 1, 1867, idhi 1862 ledhaa 1864 gaa perkonabadindi. vaari rachayitrutvam vivadaspadamga undhi. kalinovsky rachayita anie giller paerkonnaadu, ayithe idhi bahusha kalinovsky upayoginchina "jaska haspather s pyaad wilney" anae maaruperupai matrame aadharapadi untundi. lekhalo levanettina itivruttaalu mariyu "mujikaja pradaa" yokka edava sanchikalo gananeeyamaina vyatyaasam ledani faznhouz paerkonnaaru.
belarasian parisoedhakudu aadam stankywitch vaadistuu, kalinovsky prajalanu "memu, polish rotte tinevaaru, polish bhoomipai nivasinchevaaru, memu modati nundi stambhaalu" anae padaalatoe pilavalekapoyamu. michas bick mariyu faznhouz maddatu icchina maroe vaadana emitante, "lekha" loe jaateeya prabhutva stampu undhi, idhi kalinovsky vaartaapatrikaku asaadhaaranamainadi. maroka parisoedhakudu, henadge kisialio, rachayita kalinovsky anie nammutaaru; athanu "lekha" nuu belarasian aalochana daani marganni chekkadam entha kashtamo cheppadaniki oka udaaharanagaa paerkonnaadu.
"listy s pyaad subinius".
"listy s pyaad sjubeenisi" ("uri kinda nundi vacchina lekhalu") nuu kalinovsky arrestu chesi, vichaarana kosam vechi unna tarvaata raasaaru. jasco haspather s pyaad wilney" santakam chesina moodu sankhyalu unnaayi; 1867loe agatan giller "historia poustania narodu polskigo doubleu 1861-1864" anae pustakamlo "belarasian prajalaku raasina lekha" gaa prachurinchina paeru meeda eee patraaniki eee paeru vachindi. uri kinda nundi vacchina uttaraalu, constanti kalinovskiche "(" doow ludu bialoraskiyego ". pismo jedd paad subinisi constantego kalinovskygo "). eee lekha kaaranamgaa, kalinovskeeni tarachugaa belarasian bhuubhaagaaniki nayakudiga mariyu amaraveerudigaa chuustaaru. masco kadiki" vyatiraekamgaa poraatam konasaaginchaalani kalinovsky lekhalo prajalanu koraru.
aarava sanchika yokka prachurinchani musaida.
mujikaja prada" yokka aarava sanchika yokka musaida vilnius loe, seyint charchilo kanugonabadindi. frances mariyu St. bernard, 1989loe. smalianchuk paerkonnatlugaa, eee musaida "masco jaar" kuu vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatunu prerepinchindi. idhi raitulu mariyu chinna burjuwa varganni pradhana saktigaa bhaavinchindi.
mariyu bhuuswaamulanu viswasinchavaddani koraru. eee grandham tirugubaatu samayamlo prachurinchabadaledu.