
alfred watkins

alfred watkins (27 janavari 1855-15 april 1935) oka aangla rachayita, sweeya-bodhinchina autsaahika puraavastu shaastravetta, puraavastu shaastravetta mariyu vyaapaaravaetta, 1921loe inglaandlooni ikkadafordshireloni kondapai nilabadi unnappudu oka prakatnanu anubhavinchaaru. athanu british prakruti drushyamlo puraatana lakshanaala venta unchabadina sarala rekhala spashtamaina amarikanu gamaninchaadu. veeti kosam ayana taruvaata "lii" anae padaanni roopondinchaaru, ippudu dheenini saadhaaranamgaa lii line anie pilustaaru, endukante eee rekha "lii" aksharam unna pradaesaala gundaa velutundi.
jeevitam.
watkins 1820loe pindi millu, hotel mariyu saaraabatteetho sahaa aneka vyapaaraalanu sthaapinchadaaniki pattanaaniki vellina oka sampanna kutumbamlo ikkada janminchaadu. watkins kutumba vyaapaaraalaku praatinidhyam vahistunna 'avt-raidar' gaa ikkada fordshire antataa prayaaninchaaru, anduvalla eee praantaanni sannihitamgaa telusukunnaru.
watkins kooda gouravaneeyamaina photographer. athanu swayamgaa konni cameralanu tayaaru chesi, watkins bii meater anae exposure meetarnu daani chinna parimaanam mariyu saamarthyam kaaranamgaa tayaaru chesaadu. oka udaaharana ikkada unna museum resource & learning centerlo undhi. fraank hurley 1911loe bayaluderi 1914loe tirigi vacchina australian anveshakudu douglass masson yokka australian antarcitic dandayaatralo yaatra photographerga unnappudu theneteega meterlanu upayoginchaadu. hurley 1914loe bayaludaerina surr ernest shockleton yokka imperial trans-antarcitic dandayaatralo theneteega meterlanu kooda upayoginchaadu. meterlu "ooda orpu" thoo munigipoyayi. 1910loe herbert ponting mariyu robbert falcon skaatlatho paatu marokati dakshina dhruvaniki cherukundi.
watkins united kingdom yokka photographic conventionlo churukuga unnaaru mariyu 1907loe ikkada jariginappudu daani adhyakshudiga panicheesaaru. 1910loe aayanaku raayal photographic society (arps) yokka purogati patakam labhinchindi. 1878loe sthaapinchabadina eee patakam, vistrutamaina ardhamlo photography ledhaa imaging yokka shaastreeya ledhaa saanketika abhivruddhilo mukhyamaina purogatiki daariteese edainaa aavishkarana, parisoedhana, prachurana ledhaa itara sahakaranni gouravistundi. idhi samajam yokka gourava pheloshipnu kooda kaligi untundi. alfred yokka asalu gaaju pratikuula phalakaala nundi teesina 3,000 chaayaachitraalu ikkada unna librarylo unnaayi.
photography, watkins oka sigar pette nundi tayaaru chesina aadima pinn hole cameratho praarambhamaindi. kaanti, lens parimaanam mariyu bahirgatam kaalam yokka ganita sambandhaalanu anveshinchina taruvaata athanu "exposure meater" nuu roopondinchaadu. athanu 1890 april loe "british journal off photography" edition loe kanugonna vishayalanu prachurinchaadu mariyu thana exposure meetarku patent pondaadu. watkins meater company 40 samvatsaraalaku paiga churukuga undi prapanchavyaaptamgaa egumati cheyabadindi. saamuuhika-market kalarupamga photography aavirbhaavaaniki eee parikaram chaalaa dohadapadindi. athani "watkins manueval off exposure und development" (1900), padakondu sanchikalaku nadichindi.
1921 juun 30naa, watkins ikkada fordshireloni blockwardine nuu sandarsinchaaru mariyu neolithic kaalam nundi prakruti drushyaanni daate sarala rekhala vyavastha undani aalochana vachindi. 1921 septembarulo jarigina hearford looni unni prakruti saastravettala feeled club samavesamlo ayana thana aalochanalanu samarpinchaaru, 1922loe thana modati pustakaalu "earley british track ways" mariyu 1925loe "dhi old strait track" nuu prachurinchaaru. aaa taruvaata ayana thana siddhaantaanni abhivruddhi chesukovadamlo thana jeevitamlo pradhana bhaganni gadiparu. athanu lease paie maroe pustakaanni prachurinchaadu mariyu 1927 nundi 1935 varaku paatha strait track clublo palgonnadu. (daani patraalu hearford city museumlo kooda unnaayi.)
watkins puraatana bhavanala rakshana kosam samaajamlo sabhyudu, theneteegala pempakampai adhikaram mariyu raaja chaayaachitra samaajamlo sabhyudu. athanu ikkada fordshireloni pembridge market haall samrakshanhalo kooda palgonnadu.
vaarasatvam.
puraavastu saastravettalu saadhaaranamgaa lease paie watkins aalochanalanu angeekarincharu. modata vaaru puraatana britanlanu atuvanti erpaatunu roopondinchadaaniki chaalaa prachiinamainavigaa bhaavinchaaru, conny idhi lease unikiki vyatiraekamgaa upayoginchina vaadana kaadu. marinta keelakamaina, chaalaa puraatana lakshanaalu unnaayi, vaatilo konnintini sumaruga amarikalo kanugonadam chaalaa avakaasam undhi. watkins atuvanti vaadanalaku sunnitamgaa undevaaru mariyu jaagratta kosam vaadinchaaru. athanu oka jaabitaanu kooda roopondinchaadu, dheeni prakaram prakruti drushya lakshanaalanu 1 point madhya viluvalu ivvavacchu, leeki saakshyamgaa aidu paayintlu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva avasaram.
1969loe zaan maikhel pustakam "dhi view ovar atlantis" prachurana taruvaata watkins rachana 1960la nundi prajaadarana pondina roopamlo tirigi kanipinchindi. watkins aalochanalanu watkins sonta rachanalo laeni aadhyaatmika bhaavanalatho vileenam chesindi. 2004loe, internet pavitra grandhaala archive (ista) yokka zaan bruno haare ilaa vraasaaru
2002loe watkins vai valley brewery limited tayaaru chesina "watkins vijayotsava" anae biir athani paeru meeda pettabadindi.