
nitrofurantoin

nitrofurantoin anedi moothra naalaala infectionlaku chikitsa cheyadaaniki upayoginche anty bacterial aushadham, conny idhi moothrapindaala infectionlaku antha prabhaavavantamgaa undadu. idhi noti dwara teesukobadutundi.
saadhaarana dushprabhavalalo vikaram, aakali lekapovadam, atisaaram mariyu talanoppi unnaayi. arudugaa timmiri, oopiritittula samasyalu ledhaa kaaleya samasyalu sambhavinchavachhu. moothrapindaala samasya unnavaarilo dheenini upayoginchakudadu. idhi saadhaaranamgaa garbhadhaarana samayamlo surakshitamgaa unnatlu kanipistunnappatiki, delivareeki sameepamlo upayoginchakudadu. idhi saadhaaranamgaa bacteria perugudalanu mandaginchadam dwara panichestundi, idhi moothramlo kanipinche adhika saandratala vadda bacteria maranaaniki daariteeyavachchu.
nitrofurantoin mottamodata 1953loe vikrayinchabadindi. idhi prapancha aarogya samstha yokka avasaramaina aushadhaala jaabitaalo undhi. idhi saadhaarana aushadhamgaa andubaatulo undhi. 2020loe, idhi 3 millionlaku paiga prescriptionlatho united stateslo atyanta saadhaaranamgaa suuchimchabadina 167va aushadham.
vaidya upayogaalu.
prastuta upayogaalalo saralamaina moothra naalaala infectionla (utis) chikitsa mariyu punaraavruta utis kuu gurayye vyaktulalo utis kuu vyatiraekamgaa roganirodhaka shakti unnaayi.
saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche itara agentlaku bacteria antibiatic nirodhakatanu penchadam, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole mariyu fluoroquinolones vantivi, nitrofurantoin vaadakamlo aasaktini penchadaaniki daariteesindi. utis chikitsalo nitrofurantoin yokka samarthatha, eee agentku takkuva bacteria nirodhakathatho kalipi, idhi antu vyaadhula society off america mariyu european society pharr microbiology und comphexius diseases sifaarsu chesina vidhamgaa saralamaina utis chikitsaku modati-line agentlalo okatigaa chestundi.
chaalaa paelavamaina kanajaala vyaapti mariyu takkuva rakta sthaayila kaaranamgaa pyelonephritis mariyu intra-abdominal cheemu chikitsaku nitrofurantoin sifaarsu cheyabadadu.
anty bacterial activity.
nitrofurantoin dheeniki vyatiraekamgaa manchi karyakalapalanu kaligi unnatlu choopabadindihi
eee jeevula valla kalige infectionla chikitsalo dheenini upayogistaaru.
eee krindi jaatulaloni aneka ledhaa anni jaatulu nitrofurantoinku nirodhakatanu kaligi untayih
sankramanaku kaaranamayye bacteria yokka nirdishta jaathi yokka nirodhakata profilenu marinta spashtam cheyadaaniki antibiatic grahanaseelata pareekshanu ellappuduu nirvahinchaali.
pratyeka janabha.
garbham daalchadam.
nitrofurantoin anedi united stateslo garbhadhaarana vargam bii mariyu australialo garbhadhaarana vargam eah. garbhadhaarana samayamlo saadhaaranamgaa utis chikitsaku upayoginche konni mandulalo idhi okati. ayithe navjata sisuvulo haemolitic raktaheenata vachhe pramaadam unnanduna garbham chivarilo dheenini upayoginchakudadu. garbhadhaarana samayamlo aalasyamgaa eee aushadhaanni icchina mahilala navjata sisuvulaku navjata kaamaala vyaadhi vachhe pramaadam ekkuvagaa untundi.
2017 natiki garbhadhaarana praarambhamlo bhadrataku sambandhinchina aadharalu mishramamgaa unnaayi. american college off obstetricians und gynaecologists vaaru modati traimaasikamlo upayoginchagaliginappatiki itara empikalanu ishtapadavachani perkondi. avi rendava traimaasikamlo modati varusa chikitsagaa untaayi. 2015 meta vislaeshanhaloo cohart adhyayanaalalo modati traimaasika upayogam nundi etuvanti pramaadam peragaledani kanugonnaru, idhi cases controll adhyayanaalalo vaikalyala swalpa perugudala.
andubaatulo unna faaraalu.
nitrofurantoin yokka rendu suutreekaranalu unnaih
vyatiraeka suuchanalu.
moothra naalamloo daihika perukupovadam mariyu upa-chikitsa sthaayilu cheradam valla moothrapindaala paniteeru (crcl <60 ml/nimisham) taggina rogulalo nitrofurantoin viruddhamgaa untundi. ayithe, eee cutoff kosam dayta sannaga undani mariyu crcl <40 ml/nimisham yokka cutoff marinta samuchitamgaa untundani oka retrospective chaart sameeksha suuchistumdi. eee aushadham yokka aneka teevramaina dushprabhaavaalu vruddhulalo mariyu moothrapindaala balaheenata unnavaarilo sarvasaadhaaranam, endukante idhi aushadham sareeramlo nilupukoobadataaniki mariyu adhika daihika sthaayilaku cherukovadaniki kaaranamavutundi. anduvalla, 2012 ags biir pramaanaala prakaram vruddhulaku eee aushadham sifaarsu cheyabadadu.
vaari erra rakta kanaalalo (glutathione asthirata) aparipakva enjaim vyavasthalu unnanduna, oka nela vayassu varaku unna sisuvulalo nitrofurantoin kooda viruddhamgaa untundi, kabatti nitrofurantoin upayoginchakudadu endukante idhi haemolitic raktaheenataku kaaranamavutundi. adhe kaaranamgaa, garbham daalchina 38 vaaraala tarvaata garbhinii streelaku nitrofurantoin ivvakudadu. raktaheenataku daariteese intravascular haemolysis pramaadam kaaranamgaa glucose-6-fasfate dehydrogenase lopam (zii6pidi) unna rogulalo nitrofurantoin viruddhamgaa untundi.
pratikuula prabhavalu.
nitrofurantoin thoo atyanta saadhaarana dushprabhaavaalu vikaram, talanoppi mariyu apanavayuvu. takkuva saadhaarana pratikuula sanghatanalu (aushadham teesukune vaarilo 1 saatam kante takkuva mandulalo sambhavistaayi):
nitrofurantoin moothram godhuma rangulo untundani rogulaku teliyajeyali; idhi puurtigaa haanirahitamainadi.
nitrofurantoin yokka konni teevramaina conny arudaina dushprabhaavaalu aandolana kaliginchaayi. veetilo pulmonary praticharyalu, hepatotoxicity mariyu neuropathy unnaayi.
oopiritittula vishapuuritam.
nitrofurantoin valla kalige pulmonary vishapuuritatanu teevramaina, upa-teevramaina mariyu deerghakaalika pulmonary praticharyalugaa vargeekarinchavachhu. teevramaina mariyu upa-teevramaina praticharyalu hypersensitivity praticharya kaaranamgaa untaayani bhaavistaaru mariyu tarachugaa aushadham nilipiveyabadinappudu parishkarinchabadataayi. eee aushadhaanni teesukune 5000 mandhi mahilalalo okarilo teevramaina praticharyalu sambhavistaayani anchanaa veyabadindi. eee praticharyalu saadhaaranamgaa nitrofurantoin modati motaadu teesukunna 3-8 rojula tarvaata abhivruddhi chendutaayi, conny aushadham praarambhinchina konni gantala nundi konni vaaraala varaku sambhavinchavachhu. lakshanaalu jwaram, dyspnia, chali, daggu, pluritic chaatii noppi, talanoppi, vennunoppi mariyu epigastric noppi. chaatii radiograph tarachugaa pulmonary edema maadirigaane ekapaksha ledhaa dwaipaakshika chorabaatlanu chooputundi. chikitsalo nitrofurantoin nilipiveyadam untundi, idhi 24 gantallopu lakshanaala merugudalaku daariteeyaali.
nitrofurantoin valla kalige deerghakaalika pulmonary praticharyalalo diffuse interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis ledhaa rendoo untaayi. eee asaadhaarana praticharya aushadhaanni praarambhinchina 1 nela nundi 6 samvatsaraala taruvaata sambhavinchavachhu mariyu saadhaaranamgaa daani mottam jeevitakaala motaaduku sambandhinchinadi. eee praticharya pragatiseela swaasa aadakapovadamto vyaktamavutundi. nitrofurantoinnu lakshanaalaku saadhyamaina kaaranamgaa gurtinchadam mariyu pulmonary side effects anumanam talettinappudu aushadhaanni nilipiveyadam chaalaa mukhyam, endukante aushadhaanni mundugaane nilipivesthe adhi tirigi pondavacchu.
kaaleya vishapuuritam.
hepatitis, collustatic jondis, chronic active hepatitis mariyu hepatic necrosis vanti hepatic praticharyalu arudugaa sambhavistaayi. deerghakaalika kriyaaseela hepatitis prarambham kapatamgaa undavacchu, mariyu kaaleya gayanni soochinche jeevarasaayana pareekshalalo maarpula kosam rogulanu kramaanugatamgaa paryaveekshinchaali. eee praticharyalu saadhaaranamgaa 6 vaaraala kante ekkuva kaalam aushadhaaniki guraina tarvaata sambhavistaayi. nitrofurantoin teesukune rogilo kaaleya vaiphalyam yokka sankethaalu kanipiste, aushadhaanni nilipiveyaali. taruvaata teedeeloo aushadhaanni tirigi savaalu cheyadam sifaarsu cheyabadadu, endukante praticharyalo hypersensitivity bhaagam undavacchu mariyu aushadham tirigi praarambhinchinappudu punaraavrutamavutundi.
naralavyadhi.
neuropathy anedi nitrofurantoin teesukovadam valla kalige arudaina dushprabhavamu. rogulu stocking-glove namoonaalo timmiri mariyu jaladarimpunu anubhavinchavacchu, idhi aushadhaanni nilipivesina tarvaata merugupadakapovacchu ledhaa merugupadakapovacchu.
aushadha shaastram.
jeevula kaneesa nirodhaka saandrata 32 microgram/ml ledhaa anthakante takkuvagaa unte nitrofurantoinku gurayye avakaasam undani chebutaaru. nitrofurantoin 100mg noti motaadu taruvaata nitrofurantoin yokka garishta rakta saandrata 1Mg/ml kante takkuvagaa untundi mariyu gurtinchalenidi kaavacchu. daani jeeva labhyata sumaru 90 saatam mariyu moothra visarjana 40 saatam kanajaala vyaapti chaalaa takkuvagaa untundi; aushadham moothramlo baga kendrikrutamai untundih 75 saatam motaadu kaaleyam dwara vaegamgaa jeevakriya cheyabadutundi, conny 25 saatam motaadu moothramlo maaradu, 200 microgram/ml ledhaa anthakante ekkuva sthaayilanu vishwasaneeyamgaa saadhistundi. kukkalapai adhyayanaalalo, moothra visarjanalo ekkuva bhaagam konni gottala sraavam thoo glomerular filtration dwara jarugutundi. moothra aamleekaranato perige gottala shoshana kooda undhi. ayithe nitrofurantoin yokka karyakalapam kooda pihech meeda aadharapadi untundi mariyu 6 kante ekkuva pihech thoo sagatu nirodhaka ekagrata gananeeyamgaa perugutundi. saadhaarana systities kakunda itara infectionlaku chikitsa cheyadaaniki nitrofurantoinnu upayoginchalemu.
moothramlo saadhinchina saandratala vadda (> 100 micrograamulu/ml), nitrofurantoin oka bacteriaside. idhi 32 micrograamulu/ml kante takkuva saandratatoe atyanta haani kaliginche jeevulaku vyatiraekamgaa bacteriastatic.
nitrofurantoin mariyu quinolone antibiatics paraspara vyatiraekamainavi. idhi clinical praamukhyata kaligi undho ledho teliyadu, conny kalayikanu nivaarinchaali.
nitrofurantoinku nirodhakata chromosome ledhaa plasmid-madhyavartitvam kaavacchu mariyu nitrofuran reductase nirodhakatanu kaligi untundi. e" loe pratighatananu pondaaru. kolai "arudugaa konasaagutundi.
nitrofurantoin mariyu daani jeevakriya pradhanamgaa moothrapindaala dwara visarjinchabadutundi. moothrapindaala balaheenatalo, moothramlo saadhinchina ekagrata upa-chikitsa kaavacchu. 60 ml/nimisham ledhaa anthakante takkuva creatinine clearance unna rogulalo nitrofurantoin upayoginchakudadu. ayithe, eee janabhalo nitrofurantoin viruddhamgaa ledani oka punaraavrutta chaart sameeksha suuchimchavachchu.
charya yokka yantraangam.
nitrofurantoin moothramlo kendrikrutamai untundi, idhi itara kanajaalaalu ledhaa compartmentla kante moothra naalamloo adhika mariyu marinta prabhaavavantamaina sthaayiki daariteestundi. 100mg noti motaadutoe, plasma sthaayilu saadhaaranamgaa 1mg/ml kante takkuvagaa untaayi, moothramlo idhi 200mg/ml kii cherukuntundi.
eee aushadham bacteria dnnu debbateeyadam dwara panichestundi, endukante daani taggina roopam chaalaa reactivga untundi. flavoproteinlu (nitrofuran reductase) dwara bacteria kanam lopala nitrofurantoinnu ribosomal proteins, dna, swaasakriya, pairuvet jeevakriya mariyu kanam lopala unna itara macromalicules paie daadi chese bahula reactive madhyavartulaku vaegamgaa tagginchadam dwara idhi saadhyamavutundi. ksheerada kanaala kante nitrofurantoin bacteria kanaalapai ekkuva prabhavalanu chooputundi endukante bacteria kanaalu aushadhaanni marinta vaegamgaa sakriyam chestaayi. nitrofurantoin yokka charyalalo edhi pradhanamgaa daani bacteriadidal kaaryakalaapaalaku kaaranamo teliyadu. eee aushadham yokka vistruta charya vidhanam daani prabhaavaalaku nirodhakata yokka takkuva abhivruddhiki baadhyata vahistundi, endukante aushadham bacteria kanaaniki mukhyamaina aneka vibhina prakriyalanu prabhaavitam chestundi.
charitra.
1953 nundi diguva moothra naalaala infectionla (utis) chikitsa kosam nitrofurantoin andubaatulo undhi.
samajam mariyu samskruti.
brand paerlu.
nitrofurantoin prapanchavyaaptamgaa aneka deshaalalo aneka paerlatoe vikrayinchabadutundi.
jantuvula aaharam.
nitrofuran pasuvaidya antibiatics vichchinnam nundi nitrofurantoin thoo sahaa avasheshaalu vietnam, chaina, brazil mariyu thaaylaandlooni chikenlo kanugonabaddayi. european union aahara utpatti chese jantuvulalo nitrofuranla vadakanni nishedhinchindi, dheenini council regulation 2377/90 yokka anubandham IV (aushadhashaastraparamgaa kriyaaseela padaarthaala jabita, dheeni kosam garishta avashesha parimitulu nirnayinchabadavu) loe vargeekarinchindi. united states yokka aahara mariyu aushadha paripalana (fda) fibravari 1985 nundi furaltadone nishedhinchindi mariyu janavari 1992loe itara nitrofuran aushadhaalaku (konni samayochita upayogaalu minaha) aamodaanni upasamharinchukundi. furazolidone mariyu nitrophurazone yokka samayochita upayogam 2002loe nishedhinchabadindi. 1992loe aahara utpattilo nitrofuranla vadakanni australia nishedhinchindi. japan nitrofuranla kosam mrlsను ketayinchaledu, idhi "sunna sahanam ledhaa avasheshaalu laeni pramaanam" amaluku daariteesindi. thaylandlo, aarogya mantritva saakha 2001loe prakatana nem. aahaaramlo nitrofuraanlaku mrl ketayinchani pasuvaidya aushadham yokka 231 mrl. 1999loe vyavasaya mariyu sahakaara mantritva saakha pasuvula aahaaramlo furazolidone mariyu nitrophurazone digumati mariyu vadakanni nishedhinchindi, idhi 2002loe anni nitrofuranlaku vistarinchabadindi. furazolidone, furaltadone mariyu nitrophurazone vanti nitrofuranla yokka aneka gvakriyalu elukalalo cancer ledhaa janyu nashtanni kaligistaayi.