
lakshanarahita swechcha

quantum feeled siddhaantamlo, asymptotic friedam anedi konni gaze siddhaantaala lakshanam, idhi kanaala madhya paraspara charyalanu shakti sthaayi perige koddi mariyu sambandhita podavu sthaayi taggutunna koddi asymptoticga balaheenamgaa maarutundi. (pratyamnaayamgaa, mariyu bahusha viruddhamgaa, oka s-matricksnu vartimpajeyadamlo, lakshanarahitamgaa uchitam anedi suduura gatamlo ledhaa suduura bhavishyattulo unna swechhaa kanaala sthithulanu suuchistumdi.)
asymptotic friedam anedi quantum chromodynamics (qcd) yokka oka lakshanam, idhi kwarklu mariyu gluvanla madhya balamaina paraspara charya yokka quantum feeled siddhaantam, anhu padaartham yokka praathamika bhagalu. kwarklu adhika saktula vadda balaheenamgaa sankarshana chendutaayi, idhi kalavarapariche gananalanu anumatistundi. takkuva saktula vadda, paraspara charya balamgaa maarutundi, idhi mishrama hadronla lopala kwarklu mariyu glunelanu nirbandhinchadaaniki daariteestundi.
qcd yokka asymptotic swechhanu 1973loe david grass mariyu fraank wilzek kanugonnaru. 
mariyu adhe samvatsaramlo david politzer dwara swatantramgaa. 
eee pani kosam mugguru 2004 loe bhouthika saastramlo nobel bahumatini panchukunnaru.
aavishkarana.
cusidilo asymptotic swechhanu 1973loe david grass mariyu fraank wilzek kanugonnaru, adhe samvatsaramlo david politzer swatantramgaa kanugonnaru. idhe drugvishayam gatamlo gamaninchabadindi (charge cheyabadina vector feeled thoo quantum electrodynamicslo, v dwara.ess. vanyashin mariyu emm.vii. 1965loe terrent 'ev; mariyu 1969loe iosif khriplovich mariyu 1972loe gerard hooft chetha yang-mills siddhaantam), conny sthuula, wilzek mariyu politzer yokka pani varaku daani bhouthika praamukhyata grahinchabadaledu, idhi 2004loe bhouthika saastramlo nobel bahumati dwara gurtinchabadindi.
quantum kshetra siddhaantaanni "punaravasam" cheyadamlo eee aavishkarana keelaka paatra pooshinchindi. 1973 kii mundu, chaalaa mandhi siddhaantakartalu kshetra siddhaantam praathamikamgaa asthiramgaa undani anumanincharu, endukante paraspara charyalu takkuva dooraalalo anantamgaa balamgaa marutayi. eee drugvishayaanni saadhaaranamgaa land pole anie pilustaaru, mariyu idhi oka siddhaantam vivarinchagala atichinna podavunu nirvachistundi. quantum electrodynamics (qed) thoo sahaa paraspara charya scalarlu mariyu spinnerla yokka kshetra siddhaantaalalo eee samasya kanugonabadindi, mariyu lehmann positivity idhi tappinchukolenidi anie chaalaa mandhi anumaaninchadaaniki daariteesindi. 
lakshanarahitamgaa uchita siddhaantaalu takkuva dooraalalo balaheenamgaa maarataayi, etuvanti landa pole ledhu, mariyu eee quantum feeled siddhaantaalu yea podavu sthaayiki puurtigaa sthiramgaa untaayani nammutaaru.
praamaanika namuunaa lakshanarahitamgaa uchitam kaadu, highgs bosannu parigananaloki teesukunnappudu landou pole samasyaga untundi. highgs bosan maas vanti paaraamitulanu bandhinchadaaniki ledhaa anchanaa vaeyadaaniki quantum trivolityni upayoginchavacchu. idhi asymptotic bhadrata paristhitulalo oohinchadagina adhika dravyaraasiki daariteestundi. itara paristhitulalo, paraspara charyalu balaheenamgaa untaayi, tadwara edainaa asthirata plank podavu kante takkuva dhooramlo talettutundi.
screening mariyu antiscreening.
sthaayi maarpula krinda bhouthika coupling sthiraamkamlo vaividhyaanni sambandhita chaarjnu mosukelle virtual kanaalapai feeled yokka charya nundi vachinatlugaa gunaatmakamgaa ardham chesukovacchu. cude yokka land pole pravartana (quantum triviolityki sambandhinchinadi) anedi vacuumloo electron-positron jatala vanti virtual chaarj kana-kana jatala dwara "screening" yokka parinaamam. chaarj sameepamlo, vacuum "dhruveekarinchabadindi" avtundi vyatiraeka chaarj yokka virtual kanaalu chaarj vaipu aakarshinchabadataayi mariyu vanti chaarj yokka virtual kanaalu tippikottabadataayi. nikara prabhavam emitante edainaa parimita dhooram vadda feeldnu paakshikamgaa raddu cheyadam. kendra chaarjku daggaragaa mariyu daggaragaa, vacuum yokka prabhavanni takkuvagaa chuustaaru mariyu prabhaavavantamaina chaarj perugutundi.
qcd loe virtual quark-antiquarkto adhe jarugutundi; avi rangu chaarjnu teravadaaniki moggu chuuputaayi. ayithe, qcd kii adanapu mudatalu unnaih daani saktini mosukelle kanaalu, gluevance, rangula chaarjnu kaligi untaayi mariyu vaerae paddhatiloo untaayi. prati gluevan oka rangu chaarj mariyu oka rangu vyatiraeka ayaskanta kshanam rendintinee kaligi untundi. vacuumloo virtual gluevance yokka dhruveekarana yokka nikara prabhavam feeldnu teravadaaniki kaadu, conny daanini "penchadaaniki" mariyu daani rangunu maarchadaaniki. dheenini konnisaarlu "antiscreening" anie pilustaaru. quark daggaragaa undatam valla chuttupakkala virtual gluevance yokka antiscreening prabhavam taggutundi, kabatti eee prabhavam yokka sahakaram taggutunna dhooramtho prabhaavavantamaina chaarjnu balaheenaparustundi.
virtual kwarklu mariyu virtual gluevance vyatiraeka prabhavalanu andistaayi kabatti, eee prabhavam vividha rakaalaina quark ledhaa ruchula sankhyapai aadharapadi untundi. moodu rangulatho praamaanika qcd kosam, quark yokka 16 kante ekkuva ruchulu lenantha varaku (antiquarkulanu vidigaa lekkinchakundaa), antiscreening prabalamgaa untundi mariyu siddhaantam lakshanarahitamgaa uchitam. nijaaniki, kevalam 6 telisina quark ruchulu matrame unnaayi.
asymptotic swechhanu lekkinchadam.
renormalisation group kinda siddhaantam yokka coupling sthiraamkam yokka vaividhyaanni vivarinche beata-functionnu lekkinchadam dwara asymptotic swechhanu pondavacchu. taginanta takkuva dhooraalu ledhaa pedda vaega marpidi kosam (idhi swalpa-dhooram pravartananu pariseelistundi, sumaruga quantum yokka vegam mariyu dii brogley tarangadairghyam madhya viloma sambandham kaaranamgaa), oka lakshanarahitamgaa uchita siddhaantam faneman rekhaachitraalanu upayoginchi kalavarapariche siddhaantam gananalaku anukuulamgaa untundi. anduvalla ituvanti paristhitulu deergha-dhooram, balamaina-janta pravartana kante siddhaantaparamgaa marinta vivarinchadaginavi, ivi tarachugaa atuvanti siddhaantaalalo kooda untaayi, ivi nirbandhaanni utpatti chestayani bhaavistaaru.
beata-functionnu lekkinchadam anedi quark vidudala ledhaa gluvannu grahinchadam yokka paraspara charyaku dohadapade faneman rekhaachitraalanu anchanaa vese vishayam. tappanisarigaa, beata-function anedi vyavastha suutram _ 1 yokka oka pramaanamgaa coupling sthiraamkaalu elaa marutayo vivaristundi. sthaanam sthalam ledhaa momentum space (momentum shell integration) loe resecling upayoginchi ganana cheyavachu. qcd vanti abelian kaani gaze siddhaantaalalo, asymptotic swechcha uniki gaze samuuham mariyu paraspara charya kanaala ruchula sankhyapai aadharapadi untundi. athi takkuva alpamaina kramamlo, suu (enn) gaze siddhaantamlo beata-function suutram _ 2 rakaala quark-lanty kanamtho untundi
ikkada suutram _ 4 anedi siddhaantam yokka suukshma-nirmaana sthiraamkaaniki samanam, kana bhouthika saastravettalu ishtapade unitlalo suutram _ 5. eee function pratikuulamgaa unte, siddhaantam lakshanarahitamgaa uchitam. suu (3) kosam, okadaaniki suutram _ 6 untundi.
mariyu suutram _ 7 ichhe avasaram 
anduvalla qcd yokka rangu chaarj gaze samuuham ayina suu (3) kosam, kwarkla yokka 16 ledhaa anthakante takkuva ruchulu unte siddhaantam lakshanarahitamgaa uchitam.
qcd thoo paatu, 2 kolatalalo naan leanier formula _ 9-modal vanti itara vyavasthalalo kooda asymptotic swechhanu chudavachu, idhi 4 kolatalalo suu (enn) inavariant yang-mills siddhaantaaniki samaanamaina nirmaanaanni kaligi untundi.
chivaraku, lakshanaalu laenivi mariyu vidyudayaskaanta, balaheenamaina mariyu balamaina saktula puurti praamaanika namuunaaku tagginche siddhaantaalanu kanugonavacchu.

