
paablo manlapit

paablo manlapit (janavari 17,1891-april 15,1969) hawai, california mariyu philippeanslo valasa karmikudu, nyaayavaadi, kaarmika nirvahakudu mariyu kaaryakarta.
jeevitam.
manlapit 1891 janavari 17naa philippeanslo janminchaaru. athanu 1910loe valasa karmikudiga hawai vacchaadu mariyu hawai dveepamlooni hamakuwa jillaalooni cheraku polaallooni hamakuwa millu companylo cheraku thotala karmikudiga panicheyadaaniki oppandam kudurchukunnadu. manlapit twaragaa feeled work nundi foreman (luna), taruvaata time keeparga padoonnati pondaadu. 1912 juunloo, athanu havaayilo janminchina german-american ayina annee casbeany vivaham chesukunnadu mariyu vaaru oka kutumbaanni penchadam praarambhinchaaru. 1913 mariyu 1921 madhya vaariki naluguru pillalu, mugguru baalikalu mariyu oka abbai unnaaru. 1914loe vaaru thotanu vadili hiloku vellaaru, taruvaata chivariki samvatsaram mugiselopu ohulooni honoluluku vellaaru. thotala pempakaanni vidichipettina taruvaata manlapit aneka rakaala udyogaalu chesi, sthaanika philipino vaartaapatrika, aang sandataanu prachurinchi, nyaayasaastram abhyasinchaadu. 1919loe manlapit nyaayavaadula pareekshalo uttiirnata saadhinchi, nyaya saadhanaku licenses manjuru cheyabaddaadu.
manlapit modati vivaham thotala kaarmikulanu nirvahinchadamlo nayakudiga undatam, californiaku bahishkarinchadam, 1934loe philippeansku bahishkarinchadam vanti athani ibbandulanu tattukolekapoyindi. manlapit mariyu annee december 1939loe adhikarikamga vidaakulu teesukunnaru. manlapit philippeanslo pomsiana calderonnu vivaham chesukunnadu mariyu vaariki oka kumarudu janminchaadu. philippeanslo nirvahanalo manlapit churukuga maarindi. rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata philippeansnu aakraminchina japaneeyulanu oodinchi, manlapit raajakeeya vruttamlo bhaagamgaa undindi. 1949loe ayana thana pillalanu sandarsinchadaaniki hawai tirigi vacchaaru, conny prabhutvam nirantaram vedhimpula kaaranamgaa ayana basa swalpakaalam matrame konasaagindi. athanu philippeansku tirigi vacchaadu. hawai governorla nundi kshamaapana pondadaaniki manlapit chaalaa kashtapaddadu, chivariki 1952loe governor oren long nundi kshamaapana pondaadu. paablo manlapit 1969 april 15naa cancertho maraninchaadu.
philipino valasadaarula sthithi.
philipinolu havaiki valasa vellina cheraku thotala kaarmikula chivari pedda samuuham. 1907 nundi 1931 varaku, sumaru 120,000 mandhi philipino purushulu havaiki vacchaaru. vaaru hawai thotalaku vachinappudu, vaaru thotala dukaanamloo pratidee konugolu cheyalsi untundani, ravana mariyu itara kharchula kaaranamgaa tarachugaa adhika dharalaku konugolu cheyalsi untundani vaaru kanugonnaru. havaayilo kontakaalam nivasinchina taruvaata, chaalaa mandhi "luna" (foreman) yokka kathinamaina chetini mariyu vaaru anubhavinchina saamaajika vivakshanu vyatirekinchadam praarambhinchaaru. vaaru vaanijya vyapara vyavasthaku kooda alavaatu padaledu. philippeanslo berasaaraalaku alavaatu padinanduna thotala dukaanaalaloo sthira dharala aacharam tama vyaktigata swechhanu ullanghistundani chaalaa mandhi vishwasinchaaru. atyanta puraatanamaina, atyanta paedha gruhalanu philipinolaku ivvabaddaayi, endukante vaaru athi takkuva naipunhyam kaliginavaaru mariyu athi takkuva pratishtaatmakamaina udyogaalanu kaligi unnaaru. vaaru kooda havaiki iteevala vachinavaaru. valasa chattalu kutumbaalanu teesukuraavadaaniki vaarini anumatinchaledu, kabatti purushulu byaaraklalo nivasinchaaru.
erpaatu.
1920laloe koddimandi philipino nyaayavaadulalo okarigaa maarina manlapit, havaayilooni philipino kaarmika udyamaaniki pratinidhigaa tananu taanu gurtinchukunnadu, thana samayanni ekkuva bhaagam thotala kaarmikula hakkula kosam nirvahinchi, pooraadutuu gadipadu. havaayilo philipino kaarmika sanghaanni nirvahinchadamlo ayana sahayapaddaru mariyu 1920 mariyu 1924loe vaelaadi mandhi thotala kaarmikulatoe jarigina sammelalo pramukha vyaktigaa unnaaru.
1919 octoberulo, japan federation off laber mariyu philipino laber union kalisi merugaina pani vaataavaranam kosam hawai chakkera thotala sanghaaniki vyatiraekamgaa vaadinchaayi. vaaru tama jeetam $0.72 nundi $1.25 kuu penchaalani mariyu 8 gantala panidinaalanu kaligi undaalani korukunnaru. vaaru konni pani paristhitulaku viramalu korukunnaru. 1920 janavari 19naa philippino kaarmika sanghamlooni 3,000 mandhi sabhyulu tama udyogaalanu vadulukunnaru. manlapit sammeku naayakatvam vahinchaadu mariyu japanese mariyu philipino kaarmikulu aikyamgaa undaalani athanu nammadu. japanese kaarmikulu ventane vaaritho cheraaru. 1920 fibravari arambham natiki 8300 mandhi thotala kaarmikulu sammelo unnaaru, idhi sraamikasaktiloo 77 saatam mandhi praatinidhyam vahistunnaaru. japanese kaarmikula maadirigaane adhe pani chesinanduku samanamga vetanam andakapovadam valla philipino kaarmikulu sammeku digaaru. philippinolaku $0.69 chellinchaaru mariyu japaneeyulaku $0.99 chellinchaaru. vaaru sammelo unnappudu, itara dveepaalalooni thotala kaarmikulu sammeku maddatugaa sumaru $600,000 sekarinchadaaniki krushi konasaaginchaaru. 1920 ovaahu samme rendu nelala paatu konasaagindi, mariyu sammekaarulu thotala yajamaanulu upayoginche vividha paddhathulatho poradavalasi vachindihi sammekaarulanu vaari illa nundi tolaginchadam, sammekaarulanu niyaminchadam mariyu kutralaku nayakulanu vichaarinchadam. manlapit vichaaranaku gurikaaledu conny atanni nindala prachaaraaniki gurichesaaru. sammenu viraminchukunnanduku badulugaa dabbu vasoolu chesinatlu aayanapai aaropanalu vachayi. thotala yajamaanulu, prabhutvam sahayamtho, dheenini "vibhajinchi-counter" vyuuhamtoe edurkonnaru. havayini asea provinsga maarchadaaniki prayatninchinanduku vaaru japanese kaarmikulapai abhiyogaalu moparu.
aaa samvatsaram taruvaata jaatyahankaara aaropanalanu edurkone prayatnamlo japaneeyulu tama union paerunu hawai federation off laber gaa marcharu. vaaru prati jaatiki chendina kaarmikulandarinii cheramani aahvaninchaaru.
oochakotha oochakotha.
thana deshaprajalalo athani prabhavam entha balamgaa undho, 1924 septembarulo kouvaayipai jarigina himsaatmaka daadiloo manlapit chikkukunnadu-taruvaata dheenini hanapepe oochakotha anie pilicharu-athanu akkada laenappatikee. pooliisulatoe gharshanalo padahaaru mandhi sammekaarulu, alaage naluguru pooliisulu maraninchaaru.
idhi thotala yajamaanula agrahanni rekettinchindi mariyu vaaru vividha chinna chinna aaropanalato atanni himsimchaaru. manlaapitnu 60 itara philipinolatho arrestu chesi, kutraku paalpadinanduku vichaarinchi, ovaahu jailulo 2 nundi 10 samvatsaraala jailu siksha vidhinchaaru. havaayilo bhavishyat karyakalapalalo athani prameyaanni nivaarinchadaaniki, manlaapitnu yuu. esku bahishkarinchaaru.ess. sharatulatho kuudina perol teerpunu kaligi undagaa pradhana bhuubhaagam. perol teesukunna taruvaata, athanu california vellaadu.
bahishkarana.
californialo, 1933loe hawai tirigi vellae varaku manlapit kaarmika vyavastheekaranaloki vellaadu. mallii, athanu kaarmika vyavastheekarana pootiiloo pravesinchaadu, idhi chivariki hawai nundi shaashwata bahishkaranaku daariteesindi mariyu 1935loe philippeansku bahishkarinchabadindi. eee charya kaaranamgaa athani kutumbam vichchinnamaindi.
idhi hawai kaarmika udyamamlo athani rangurangula conny vishaadakaramaina vruttini muginchindi.
rendava prapancha yuddhaaniki mundu mariyu yuddhaanantara samvatsaraallo manlapit philippean prabhutvam kosam panicheesaaru. rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata thana adhyaksha padavi prayatnamlo athanu manuel roxascu maddatu icchaadu mariyu kaarmika vishayaalalo marosari palgone mundu konni madhya sthaayi prabhutva padavulalo panicheesaadu, sammelo unna philipino kaarmikulaku maddatugaa thana kutumba intini taakattu pettadu, aapai niraasrayulu mariyu paedalugaa maaradu.
suuchanalu.
kervliet, emm.tii. "vangani cherakuh paablo manlapit, hawai loe oka philipino kaarmika nayakudu", 2002.