
inestein-carton siddhaantam

saiddhaantika bhouthika saastramlo, inestein-carton-schiama-kibble siddhaantam anie kooda piluvabade inestein-carton siddhaantam, saadhaarana saapekshata maadirigaane gurutvakarshana yokka shaastreeya siddhaantam. eee siddhaantaanni 1922loe eli carton modatisaarigaa pratipaadinchaaru. inestein-carton siddhaantam saralamaina paayinkaare gaze siddhaantam.
sameeksha.
inestein-carton siddhaantam saadhaarana saapekshata nundi rendu vidhaluga bhinnamgaa untundih (1) idhi reeman-carton jyaamiti yokka chatramlo roopondinchabadindi, idhi sthaanikamgaa kolavabadina lorentz samaruupatanu kaligi untundi, ayithe saadhaarana saapekshata remanian jyaamiti yokka chatramlo roopondinchabadindi, idhi kaadu; (2) tiragadaaniki tiruchadaaniki sambandhinchina adanapu sameekaranaala samitini pradarsistaaru. eee vyatyaasaanni karakamga pariganinchavacchu
modata saadhaarana saapekshatanu reeman-carton jyaamitiloo punarnirminchadam dwara, remanian jyaamitipai inestein-hilbert charyanu reeman-carton jyaamitipai palatini charya dwara bharti cheyadam dwara; mariyu rendavadi, palatini charya nundi sunna tortion addankini tolaginchadam, dheeni phalitamgaa spin mariyu tortion kosam adanapu sameekaranaala samiti, alaage inestein feeled sameekaranaalalo adanapu spin-sambandhita padaalanu jodinchadam.
saadhaarana saapekshataa siddhaantam modata inestein-hilbert charya dwara remanian jyaamiti amarikalo roopondinchabadindi, dheeni nundi inestein kshetra sameekaranaalu udbhavistaayi. daani asalu suutreekarana samayamlo, reeman-carton jyaamiti yokka bhavana ledhu. bhramana mariyu samaruupatalanu penchadaaniki konasagimpu sameekaranaalu mariyu parirakshana chattalanu vyakteekarinchagalagadam ledhaa vakra antariksha samaya jyaamitulalo spinarlanu vivarinchadaaniki avasaramaina remanian jyaamitulu sthaanikamgaa kolavabadina lorentz samaruupatanu kaligi undataaniki avasaramaina nirmaanaanni kaligi levani ardham chesukovadaniki gaze samaruupata bhaavanapai taginanta avagahana ledhu. eee moulika sadupaayaalanu jodinchadam phalitamgaa reeman-carton jyaamiti erpadutundi. mukhyamgaa, spinarlanu vivarinchagaligelaa cheyadaaniki oka spin nirmaanaanni cherchadam avasaram, idhi atuvanti jyaamitini utpatti cheyadaaniki saripotundi.
reeman-carton jyaamiti mariyu remanian jyaamiti madhya pradhana vyatyaasam emitante, modatidaanilo, affine connection metrik nundi swatantramgaa untundi, rendodaanilo idhi levi-sivita connectionga metrik nundi teesukobadindi, rendinti madhya vyatyaasaanni contertion anie pilustaaru. mukhyamgaa, connection yokka pratisamiteeya bhaagam (tortion anie pilustaaru) levi-sivita connectionlaku sunna, atuvanti connectionlaku nirvachinche paristhitulalo okatigaa untundi.
endukante eee vakratanu muduchukune paramgaa saralamgaa vyakteekarinchavachhu, appudu inestein-hilbert charyanu neerugaa reeman-carton jyaamitiloki anuvadinchadam kooda saadhyamavutundi, phalitamgaa palatini charya untundi (palatini vaividhyam kooda chudandi). idhi affine connection paramgaa inestein-hilbert charyanu tirigi vrayadam dwara udbhavistundi, aapai vidigaa oka addankini pradarsinchadam dwara, idhi tortion mariyu contertion rendintinee sunnaga chestundi, tadwara affine connection levi-sivita connectionku samanamga undela chestundi. idhi levi-poura anusandhanam paramgaa vyakteekarinchabadina saadhaarana saapekshata yokka charya mariyu kshetra sameekaranaala yokka pratyaksha anuvaadam kabatti, dheenini saadhaarana saapekshata siddhaantamgaa pariganinchavacchu, idhi reeman-carton jyaamiti yokka chatramloki badilee cheyabadindi.
inestein-carton siddhaantam eee paristhitini sadalistundi mariyu tadanugunamgaa, affine connection adrushyamayye antisemetric bhaagam (tortion tensor) kaligi undane saadhaarana saapekshata yokka oohanu sadalistundi. upayoginchina charya palatini charyatho samanamga untundi, tappa, tortionpy parimiti tolaginchabadutundi. idhi saadhaarana saapekshata nundi rendu vyatyaasaalaku daariteestundihi (1) kshetra sameekaranaalu ippudu levi-sivita anusandhanam kante affine anusandhanam paramgaa vyakteekarinchabadataayi, alaage inestein yokka kshetra sameekaranaalalo adanapu padaalu unnaayi, veetilo paalatini suutreekarana nundi pondina kshetra sameekaranaalalo laeni aakruti untundi; (2) padaartham yokka antargata koneeya aavegam (spin) kuu tortionnu jatachese adanapu sameekaranaala samiti ippudu undhi, idhi padaartham yokka shakti mariyu aavegamtho anubandha anusandhanam jatacheyabadina vidhamgaane untundi. inestein-carton siddhaantamlo, tartion ippudu sthiramaina charya suutramloe oka chararashi, idhi vampu antariksha kaala suutreekarana (spin tensor) thoo jatacheyabadindi. eee adanapu sameekaranaalu padaartha muulamtoe anubandhinchabadina spin tensor paramgaa tortionnu saralamgaa vyaktam chestaayi, antey tortion saadhaaranamgaa padaartham lopala sunna kaanidigaa untundi.
saralata yokka paryavasanamga padaartham velupala sunna tortion untundi, tadwara bahya jyaamiti saadhaarana saapekshatalo vivarinchina vidhamgaa untundi. inestein-carton siddhaantam mariyu saadhaarana saapekshata madhya thedaalu (remanian jyaamitipai inestein-hilbert charya ledhaa reemaana-carton jyaamitipai palatini charya paramgaa roopondinchabaddaayi) padaartha muulaala lopala jyaamitiki emi jarugutundane daanipai matrame aadharapadi untaayi. anteh "tortion vyaapti chendadu". inestein-carton charya yokka saadhaaraneekaranalu pariganinchabaddaayi, ivi tortion vyaapti cheyadaaniki anumatistaayi.
reeman-carton jyaamitulu lokal gaze samaruupatagaa lorentz samaruupatanu kaligi unnanduna, anubandha parirakshana chattalanu roopondinchadam saadhyamavutundi. mukhyamgaa, metrik mariyu tortion tensorlanu swatantra chararaasulugaa pariganinchadam valla gurutvakarshana kshetram unikiki mottam (kakshya plus antargata) koneeya momentum kosam parirakshana chattam yokka saraina saadhaaraneekarananu istundi.
charitra.
eee siddhaantaanni 1922loe eli carton modatisaarigaa pratipaadinchaaru mariyu taruvaati konni samvatsaraalalo vivarinchaaru. 1928loe albert inestein oka ekikruta kshetra siddhaantamlo bhaagamgaa vidyudayaskaanta kshetra tensorku tortionnu saripolchadaaniki chesina viphalamaina prayatnamlo eee siddhaantamtoe anubandham pondaadu. eee aalochanaa vidhanam atanni teleperalism yokka sambandhita conny bhinnamaina siddhaantaaniki daariteesindi.
dennis sayama mariyu tomm kibble 1960laloe eee siddhaantaanni swatantramgaa sameekshinchaaru, mariyu 1976loe oka mukhyamaina sameeksha prachurinchabadindi.
inestein-carton siddhaantam chaaritraatmakamgaa daani tortion-free pratiroopam mariyu brans-dickay siddhaantam vanti itara pratyaamnaayaalache kappiveyabadindi, endukante tortion daani sameekaranaala tractability yokka vyayamtho takkuva predictive prayojanaanni jodinchinatlu anipinchindi. inestein-carton siddhaantam puurtigaa saastreeyamainadi kabatti, idhi quantum gurutvakarshana samasyanu kooda puurtigaa parishkarinchadu. inestein-carton siddhaantamlo, diarock sameekaranam naan leanier avutundi. iteevala, inestein-carton siddhaantampai aasakti vishwodbhava chikkula vaipu nadapabadindi, mukhyamgaa, viswam praarambhamlo gurutvakarshana ekatvaanni nivaarinchadam. eee siddhaantam aacharaneeyamainadigaa pariganinchabadutundi mariyu bhouthika shaastra samaajamlo churukaina amsamgaa migilipoyindi.
eee siddhaantam loop quantum gurutvaakarshananu parokshamgaa prabhaavitam chesindi (mariyu twister siddhaantaanni kooda prabhaavitam chesinatlu telustondi).
kshetra sameekaranaalu.
inestein-hilbert charyanu antariksha samayam yokka nijamaina charyaga bhaavinchi, aapai metrik tensorku sambandhinchi aaa charyanu marchadam dwara saadhaarana saapekshata yokka inestein kshetra sameekaranaalanu pondavacchu.
inestein-carton siddhaantam yokka kshetra sameekaranaalu sarigga adhe vidhanam nundi vachayi,
cemetric levi-sivita connection kante saadhaarana asymmetric affine connection bhaavinchabadutundani tappa
(ii.ii., antariksha samayam vakratatoe paatu tortion kaligi untundani bhaavistaaru),
aapai metrik mariyu tortion swatantramgaa maarutuu untaayi.
suutram _ 1 padaartham yokka lagrangian saandratanu suuchistumdi mariyu suutram _ 2 gurutvakarshana kshetram yokka lagrangian saandratanu suuchistumdi. inestein-carton siddhaantamlo gurutvakarshana kshetram kosam lagrangian saandrata rickie scalar kuu anulomaanupaatamlo untundih
ikkada suutram _ 5 anedi metrik tensor yokka nirnayaadhikaari, mariyu suutram _ 6 anedi gurutvakarshana sthiraamkam mariyu kaanti vegamtho kuudina bhouthika sthiraanka suutram _ 7. hamilton suutram prakaram, gurutvakarshana kshetram mariyu padaartham kosam mottam charya suutram _ 8 yokka vaividhyam adrusyamavutundihi
metrik tensor formula _ 10 kii sambandhinchi vaividhyam inestein sameekaranaalanu istundih
ikkada suutram _ 12 anedi rickie tensor mariyu suutram _ 13 anedi "canonical" ottidi-shakti-momentum tensor.
rickie tensor ikapai samaruupata kaadu endukante connectionlo sunna kaani tortion tensor untundi; anduvalla, sameekaranam yokka kudi vaipu kooda samaruupata undakudadu, antey suutram _ 13loe spin tensorku sambandhinchinadigaa choopinchagala asamaana sahakaram undaali. eee canonical energy-momentum tensor bellinfant-rosenfeld vidhanam dwara marinta suparichitamaina "cemetric" energy-momentum tensorku sambandhinchinadi.
tortion tensor formula _ 15 kii sambandhinchi vaividhyam carton spin connection sameekaranaalanu istundi
ikkada suutram _ 17 anedi spin tensor. tortion sameekaranam anedi pakshika avakalana sameekaranam kakunda beejaganita parimiti kabatti, tortion kshetram taramgamgaa vyaapti chendadu mariyu padaartham velupala adrusyamavutundi. anduvalla, suutrapraayamgaa, spin tensorku anukuulamgaa siddhaantam nundi tortionnu beejaganitaparamgaa tolaginchavacchu, idhi padaartham lopala samarthavanthamaina "spin-spin" naan leanier sweeya-paraspara charyanu utpatti chestundi.
ekatvaanni nivaarinchadam.
remanian jyaamiti (udhaa.zii. penros-hocking singularity siddhaantaalu) reeman-carton jyaamitiloo undavalasina avasaram ledhu. tatphalitamgaa, inestein-carton siddhaantam bigg byaang samayamlo ekatvam yokka saadhaarana-saapeksha samasyanu nivaarinchagaladu. tortion mariyu diarock spinnerla madhya kaneesa kalapadam samarthavanthamaina naan leanier spin-spin selph-interaction utpatti chestundi, idhi chaalaa ekkuva saandratala vadda fermionic padaartham lopala mukhyamainadigaa maarutundi. atuvanti paraspara charya ekavachana bigg byaang sthaanamlo kaneesa conny parimita sthaayi karakam vadda cusp lanty pedda bownes thoo bharti cheyabadutundani oohinchabadindi, dheeniki mundu gamaninchadagina viswam kudinchabadi undhi. atipedda pramaanaalalo prastuta viswam praadesikamgaa chadunaina, sajaateeyamaina mariyu isotropicga enduku kanipistundo kooda eee drushtaantam vivaristundi, idhi vishwa dravyolbananiki bhouthika pratyaamnaayaanni andistundi. tortion fermian lanu "point lanty" kuu badulugaa praadesikamgaa vistarinchadaaniki anumatistundi, idhi block holes vanti ekatvaala erpadataanni nivaarinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi mariyu quantum feeled siddhaantamlo atineelalohita vichalananni tolagistundi. saadhaarana saapekshata prakaram, taginanta sanklishta dravyarashi yokka gurutvakarshana patanam oka yeka kaala randhraanni yerparustundi. inestein-carton siddhaantamlo, badulugaa, patanam oka bownes kii cherukuntundi mariyu sanghatana kshitijaaniki avatali vaipuna kotta, perugutunna viswaaniki saadhaarana inestein-rosen vantena (warmhole) nuu yerparustundi.