
bhashala kosam saadhaarana european framework off reference

bhashala kosam saadhaarana european framework off reference learning, teaching, assessment, aanglamlo sankshiptamgaa sepher ledhaa seph ledhaa seiferl anie pilustaaru, idhi airopa antataa mariyu itara deshaalalo videshee bhashala abhyaasakula vijayaalanu vivarinchadaaniki upayoginche maargadarsakam. vidya samsthalu mariyu yajamaanulu vidya pravesam ledhaa upaadhi kosam abhyardhula bhasha arhatalanu anchanaa veyadaanni sulabhataram cheyadaaniki kooda cfr uddesinchabadindi. airopaloni anni bhashalaku vartinche abhyasam, bodhana mariyu madimpu paddhatini andinchadam dheeni pradhana lakshyam.
1989 mariyu 1996 madhya "european pourasatvam kosam bhasha abhyasam" prajectulo pradhana bhaagamgaa european council dheenini erpaatu chesindi. 2001 novemberlo, european union council teermaanam bhasha saamarthya dhruvikarana vyavasthalanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki cfrnu upayoginchaalani sifaarsu chesindi. aaru suuchana sthaayilu (a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2) oka vyakti yokka bhasha naipunyaanni grading cheyadaaniki european pramaanamgaa vistrutamgaa aamodinchabadutunnaayi.
abhivruddhi.
1991loe "airopalo bhasha abhyaasamlo paaradarsakata mariyu pondikah lakshyalu, moolyaankanam, dhruvikarana" anae sheershikato swiss federal adhikarulu nirvahinchina oka antar prabhutva sadassu, bhasha arhatala gurtimpunu meruguparachadaaniki mariyu upaadhyaayulaku sahakarinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki bhashala kosam oka saadhaarana european framework avasaramani kanugondi. airopa antataa gurtimpu pondadaaniki dhruvikarana kosam bhasha sthaayi vargeekaranalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki anusarinchina project.
eee sadassu phalitamgaa, swiss national sains foundation naipunhyam sthaayilanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki, airopa antataa upayoginchagala bhasha saamardhyamlo "european longuage portfolio" dhruvikarana patraanni roopondinchadaaniki oka prajectunu erpaatu chesindi.
bhasha pareekshalaku sambandhinchina saadhaarana european framework off reference pharr longuages (cfr) kuu sambandhinchina manueval yokka praathamika version 2003loe prachurinchabadindi. eee musaida version aneka prajectulalo prayogaatmakamgaa roopondinchabadindi, indulo oke pareekshanu cfrku anusandhaaninchadam, vividha sthaayilalo pareekshala suutlanu anusandhaaninchadam mariyu pariksha bordulu mariyu parisoedhanaa samsthalachae jaateeya adhyayanalu unnaayi. abhyaasakulu mariyu vidyaavaettalu 2007loe cambridgeloni oka sambhaashanhalo tama anubhavalanu panchukunnaru mariyu prayogaatmaka cases studies mariyu phalitaalu bhasha pareeksha (silt) adhyayanaalalo prachurinchabaddaayi. prayogaatmaka prajectula nundi vacchina phalitaalu 2008 nundi 2009 varaku manueval revision prajectuku teliyajesaayi.
saiddhaantika nepathyam.
bhasha saamarthyam", "saamaajika bhasha saamarthyam" mariyu "aacharanaatmaka saamarthyam" loe nirdishta sambhaashana saamarthyaalatho "ghnaanam", "naipunyaalu" mariyu "astitva saamarthyam" loe saadhaarana saamardhyaalanu sepher vibhajistundi. eee vibhagam "communicative competence" gurinchi gatamlo baga telisina bhaavanalatho sarigga saripoladam ledhu, conny vaati madhya correspondencelu cheyavachu.
sepher moodu pradhana koonaalanu kaligi undih bhasha karyakalapalu, bhasha karyakalapalu jarige domainlu mariyu oka vyakti vaatilo nimagnamainappudu vaaru aakarshinche saamarthyaalu.
bhasha karyakalapalu.
sepher naalugu rakaala bhasha karyakalapalanu vaeru chestundih sweekarana (vinadam mariyu chadavadam), utpatti (matlade mariyu vraasina), paraspara charya (matlade mariyu vraasina) mariyu madhyavartitvam (anuvaadam mariyu vivarana).
domainlu.
vividha paristhitulu mariyu parimitula krinda vividha sandarbhaallo grandhaalanu utpatti cheyadam ledhaa sweekarinchadam dwara saadhaarana mariyu nirdishta sambhaashana saamarthyaalu abhivruddhi chendutaayi. eee sandarbhaalu saamaajika jeevitamlooni vividha rangaalaku anugunamgaa untaayi, veetini cfr domainlu anie pilustundi. naalugu vistruta domainlu vaeru cheyabaddayi vidya, vruttiparamaina, prabhutva mariyu vyaktigata. ivi ekkuvagaa registerku anugunamgaa untaayi.
naipunyaalu.
oka bhasha viniyogadaaru eee domainlalo pratidaaniloo vividha sthaayila saamarthyaanni abhivruddhi cheyavachu mariyu vaatini vivarinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki, cfr aaru "saadhaarana suuchana sthaayila" (eah1, eah2, bii1, bii2, sii1, sii2) samitini andinchindi.
saadhaarana suuchana sthaayilu.
saadhaarana european framework abhyaasakulanu moodu vistruta vibhagaluga vibhajistundi, prati okkati rendu sthayilagaa vibhajinchavachhu; prati sthaayiki, idhi oka abhyasakudu chadavadam, vinadam, matladatam mariyu raayadamlo emi cheyagalado vivaristundi. eee krindi pattika eee sthaayilanu suuchistumdi. vinadam, chadavadam, matladatam mariyu vrayadam vanti pramaanaalatoo prati sthaayi gurinchi marinta samagramaina vivarana internetlo andubaatulo undhi.
eee vivaranakartalu airopalo matlade bhaashalalo deenikainaa vartinchavachhu mariyu aneka bhaashalalo anuvaadaalu unnaayi.
abhyasa prakriya vyavadhitho sambandham.
vividha bhashala vidya samsthalu sambandhita bhaashalo sthaayilanu cherukovadaniki avasaramaina adhyayana parimaanaaniki sambandhinchina anchanaalanu andinchaayi.
cfr dwara dhruvikarana mariyu bodhanaa paryaavarana vyavasthanu praarambhinchindi.
bhasha paatasaalalu mariyu cfr thoo anukuulatanu prakatinche dhruvikarana vyaapaaraalaku godugugaa panicheyadaaniki bahula samsthalu srushtinchabaddaayi. udaaharanaku, european association pharr longuage testing und assessment (eeelta) anedi vruttiparamaina bhasha sikshananu andinchadamlo cfr mariyu uttama paddhatulanu prothsahinchadaaniki european communityche nidhulu samakuurchabadina oka chorava. association off longuage testers inn eurup (alte) anedi madimpu paddhatulanu praamaaneekarinchae lakshyamtho unna vidya samsthala consortium. eekwals (bhasha sevalalo naanhyatanu anchanaa veyadam mariyu gurtimpu ivvadam) anedi bhasha vidyalo palgone samsthalu mariyu samsthala antarjaateeya sangham, idhi airopa antataa churukuga undhi mariyu cfrnu anusaristundi.
fraanslo, vidya mantritva saakha cless anae prabhutva-aadesita dhruvikarana patraanni roopondinchindi, idhi french unnata vidya samsthalalo bhasha bodhanaa karyakramalalo cfr vadakanni lanchanaprayamga chestundi.
germanylo, laabhaapekshaleni samstha ayina telk, valasadaarula kosam ekikarana korsula chivarilo teesukunna bhasha pareekshalaku, cfr pramaanaalanu anusarinchi, samakhya prabhutva pratyeka bhagaswamy.
cfr mariyu itara pramaanaala madhya poolikalu.
saadhaarana pramaanaalu.
actfl.
videshee bhashala bodhanapai american council daani actflaciency maargadarsakaalu mariyu cfr sthaayila prakaram sthaayila yokka oka-disaatmaka amarika pattikanu prachurinchindi. idhi 2010loe praarambhamaina actfl-sepher amarika samavesala panipai aadharapadi untundi. saadhaaranamgaa, sepher thoo poliste, utpaadaka naipunhyaala kante grahana naipunhyaalaku sambandhinchi actfl kathinamgaa untundi. eee krindi pattikanu sepher samalekhana pareeksha cheyadam dwara actfl sthaayi emi anusaristundo suuchimchadaaniki chadavakapovachhu.
soulabhyam kosam, actfl sthaayila kosam eee krindi sankshipta padaalu upayoginchabadataayih
brian north looni sepher saha rachayithalalo okaru osaka university off farrin studieslo panel charchalo itara disalo (pareekshanu sepher kuu anusandhanincharu) idhe vidhamaina correspondence pratipaadinchabadindi. actfl vyavasthalo sii2 "distinxt", sii1 "superior", bii2 "advanced-mid" mariyu bii1 "intermediate-hye" kuu anugunamgaa undataaniki "sensible hypothesis" untundani ayana paerkonnaaru.
idhi american university center off provence prachurinchina pattikatho angeekaristundi, idhi "certified actfl administrator anchanaa vesina samaanatvaalu" prakaram eee krindi karaspandenslanu istundih
eee krindi pattika cefr mariyu octfl madhya gatamlo pratipaadinchina moodu samaanatvaalanu sangrahistundi. vaatilo konni oka kaaryaacharananu matrame suuchistaayi (udhaa.zii. matladatam).
lr.
french academy baltimore eee krindi vibhina samaanatvaanni suchistundihi
buck, papaziorgio mariyu platjeck chesina adhyayanam cfr mariyu ilr pramaanaala krinda pareeksha vastuvula kashtam madhya sambandhaanni parishkaristundi. icchina cfr kashtam unna vastuvulaku atyanta saadhaarana ilr sthaayilu eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaih
kenada.
kenada sepher nuu ekkuvagaa upayogistunnanduna, ottava vishwavidhyaalayaaniki chendina laurie wandergrift heritage kenada prachurinchina thana nivedika "kenada kosam bhashala kosam suuchana yokka saadhaarana framework kosam pratipaadana" loe sepher nuu kenadian dattata teesukoovaalani pratipaadinchaaru. eee nivedikalo kenadaalo upayogamlo unna itara pramaanaalatoo cfr poolika undhi mariyu samanatva pattikanu pratipaadinchindi.
ilr mariyu actfl pramaanaala madhya phalitamgaa vachhe sambandham saadhaaranamgaa aamodinchabadina daanitoe vibhedistundi. anubhavam laeni, madhyantara, adhunaatana mariyu unnata sthaayi vyaktulu varusaga 0/0 +, 1/1 +, 2/2 + mariyu 3/3 + kuu anugunamgaa undela actfl pramaanaalu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. alaage, rendodi modatidaani aadhaaramgaa roopondinchabadinappatiki, ilr mariyu enbi ops pramaanaalu anugunamgaa undavu.
mcdonald mariyu wandergrift 2007loe raasina oka patram praja seva commission sthaayilu mariyu cfr sthaayila madhya eee krindi karaspandenslanu (noti saamarthyam kosam) anchanaa vestundihi
bhasha paatasaalalu tama sonta samanatva pattikalu kooda pratipaadinchavacchu. udaaharanaku, vancouver inglish center toffle pareeksha, cambridge pareeksha, veck sthaayi vyavastha mariyu cfr yokka vividha roopaala madhya samagra samanatva pattikanu andistundi.
bodhanaa kaaryakramaalato cfrnu samalekhanam cheyadamlo ibbandi.
bhasha paatasaalalu mariyu dhruvikarana patraalu samsthalu frameworku vyatiraekamgaa tama sonta samaanatvaalanu anchanaa vestaayi. udaaharanaku, pte eah, toffle mariyu ilatlapy oke sthaayilo anchanaa vese thedaalu unnatlu kanugonabadindi mariyu idhi pareeksha utpattidaarula madhya charchaku kaaranam.
paaschaatya praantaalu mariyu bhashalu.
atyanta bahubhasha european unionlo maanava kadalika mariyu aardhika vruddhini sulabhataram cheyadaaniki praarambhamlo abhivruddhi cheyabadina cfr, appati nundi vividha itara praantaalachae prabhaavitam cheyabadindi mariyu sweekarinchabadindi.
paaschaatyulu kaani abhyaasakulu.
japaanlo, sepher nuu sweekarinchadaanni vidyaavaettalu, samsthaagata natulu (mex), raajakeeya nayakulu, vyapara sanghaalu mariyu abhyaasakulu prothsahinchaaru. malaysialo dattata kooda namodu cheyabadindi. viyatnaamlo, cfrnu sweekarinchadam anedi aangla bhasha vidhaanamlo iteevali maarpulu, unnata vidyanu samskarinche prayatnaalu, aardhika avakaasaala vaipu dhorani mariyu desheeya parishkarala kosam bayataku chuse nirvaahakula dhoranitho mudipadi undhi.
noriyuki (2009) ekkuvagaa paaschaatya bhashalaku chendina japanese upaadhyaayulu european framework mariyu bhaavanalanu "yaantrika" punarviniyogaanni gamanistaadu, idhi punarsamparkam bhaganni kolpoindi sambhaavita padajaalaanni sthaanika bhashaku anugunamgaa maarchaalsina avasaram mariyu frameworknu sthaanika prajalaku, daani bhashaku mariyu abhyaasaalaku anugunamgaa maarchaalsina avasaram undhi.
2005 loe, osaka university off farrin studies paaradarsakamaina mariyu saadhaarana moolyaankanam vidhaanamtho daani 25 videshee bhashala kosam sepher-prerepita prajectunu abhivruddhi chesindi. pradhana bhashalu chalakalamga japanese prajalaku baga nirvachinchabadina saadhanaalanu kaligi unnappatikee, bodhanalo mariyu madimpulanu krama paddhatiloo cheyadamlo upaadhyaayulaku maarganirdesam cheyagaliginappatiki, eee project vidyaarthulu abhyardhinchinatlugaa, chinna bhashalaku saaruupya paddhatulanu avalambinchadaanni munduku nettindi.
chivariga, keo vishwavidyaalayam pillala nundi vishwavidyaalaya sthaayila varaku bodhanaa samagri mariyu madimpu vyavasthalanu roopondinchadamlo bahula-campus mariyu antar-bhasha sahakaaraaniki anukuulamgaa pratishtaatmaka sepher-prerepita charya aadhaarita bahuvachana bhasha abhyasa prajectuku naayakatvam vahinchindi. 2015 nundi, "samagra videshee bhasha vidyalo bahuvachana mariyu bahuvachana naipunhya abhivruddhipai parisoedhana" anusarinchabadindi.
european kaani bhashalu.
eee framework 2008loe chainees bhaashaloki anuvadinchabadindi. 2011loe, french sinologist joel bellasen, kotta bhasha mariyu daani abhyasakulaku tagina sambandhita bhaavanalatho anugunamgaa mariyu vistarinchaalsina avasaramtho, daani loha bhaashatho paatu cfrnu chainees vanti suduura bhashalaku anugunamgaa maarchavacchani mariyu maarchaalani suuchimchaaru. chaineeyulaku anugunamgaa maaradaaniki vividha prayatnaalu jarigaayi.
japaanlo, thoorpu-asea bhasha bodhana ekkuvagaa vismarinchabadindi, endukante japanese samajam pradhanamgaa paaschaatya bhasha bodhana vaipu drushti saarinchindi, japaneeyulaku neerugaa porugu deshaalaku cherukovadaniki mariyu chinna bhashalaku vaari bhashala bodhananu patishtam cheyadaaniki viluvaina avakaasaanni kolpoyindi.
computer bhashalu.
prograaming karyakalapalanu bhasha karyakalapaluga pariganinchinappudu, prograaming bhashala viniyogadaarula naipunyaanni vivarinchadaaniki mariyu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki cfr paddati vistarinchabadindi.