
firyadu vyavastha

firyadula vyavastha (sangharshana nirvahana vyavastha, antargata sangharshana nirvahana vyavastha, samagra sangharshana nirvahana vyavastha ledhaa vivaada parishkara vyavastha anie kooda pilustaaru) anedi firyaadulanu parishkarinchadaaniki mariyu vivaadaalanu parishkarinchadaaniki samsthalalo upayoginche vidhaanaala samiti. mukhyamgaa 1970 nundi vistrutamaina pani pradaesa niyantrana raavadamtho samyukta rashtraallo firyadu vyavasthalu gananeeyamaina aavishkaranalaku lonayyayi. mukhyamgaa aneka deshaalalo, sangharshana nirvahana margalu mariyu vyavasthalu kaarmika-nirvahana sambandhaalapai pradhana drushti nundi union kaarmikulu mariyu nirvaahakulu, union yetara udyogulu, vruttiparamaina sibbandi, vidyaarthulu, shikshanaarthulu, vikretalu, daatalu, viniyogadaarulu modalaina vaaritho kuudina chaalaa vistruta paridhi varaku abhivruddhi chendaayi.
charitra.
samsthalalo tagina prakriyapai, union mariyu union kaani firyadula vidhanalapai panditula krushiki gananeeyamaina prarambha charitra undhi. eee pani pradhanamgaa union mariyu union yetara kaarmikulu mariyu vaari nirvaahakula madhya hakkula aadhaarita sangharshana parishkaarampai drushti pettindi. vistruta shreni sangharshana nirvahana margalu, alaage chaalaa vistruta shreni vivaadaaspadamainavi rendintinee cover cheyadaaniki panditula krushi abhivruddhi chendindi.
1970luu mariyu 1980laloe united stateslo anadhikarikamga mariyu adhikarikamga sangharshananu edurkovadamlo mariyu sangharshana nundi neerchukoevadamloo mariyu sangharshananu nirvahinchadamlo chaalaa aasakti erpadindi. samakaaleena bhaashalo, eee charchalu icchina sangharshanhalo tamanu taamu vaatadaarulugaa bhaavinche vaarandari "prayojanaalapai" kendrikrutamai unnaayi-mariyu vyavasthala maarpupai-alaage firyaadulanu parishkarinchadampai.
eee charchalu firyadu vyavasthala gurinchi elaa aalochinchaalo mariyu oka samsthalooni vividha sangharshana nirvahana karyalayalu mariyu prakriyalanu elaa anusandhaninchalo anae prasnalaku daariteesaayi. ronald berenbeam, maerii rove, maerii rove mariyu maikhel baker raasina patraalu, samsthalalo firyaadulanu mariyu anni rakaala vivaadaalanu parishkarinchadaaniki oka vyavastha vidhananni vivarinchaayi.
chaalaa mandhi rachayitalu antargata firyadu vyavasthala amsampai berenbeam, rove mariyu rove und baker rachanalanu vistarinchaaru. vaatilo ivi unnaih douglus emm. makkabe, vilium ell. yoorii, zeane emm. brett, mariyu stephen bii. goldberg. (yoorii, brett mariyu goldberg mukhyamgaa prayojanaala, hakkulu mariyu adhikaram paramgaa samsthalalo sangharshana parishkaranni mariyu hakkula aadhaarita prakriyala nundi vaddii aadhaarita parishkaaraalaku tirigi vachhe avakaasaanni vivarinchaaru.) kaathee costantino mariyu christina yokka vyapari, mariyu carle eah. slikew mariyu ralf hetch. sangharshana nirvahana vyavasthala roopakalpana samasyalanu hasson vistrutamgaa anveshinchaaru.
samagra" sangharshana nirvahana vyavastha anae bhavananu maerii roow 1980luu mariyu 1990laloe aneka vyasalalo roopondinchaaru mariyu abhivruddhi chesaaru. firyaadudaarulaku empikalanu andinchaalsina avasaranni, anduvalla samsthaagata vyavasthalo anusandhaaninchabadina empika vyavasthanu aame chuusaaru.
vyavasthala vidhanam yokka aalochana baga konasaagindi. ayithe, iteevali samvatsaraalalo, sangharshananu samstha "nirvahinchaalaa" anae daanipai charcha jarigindi-ledhaa sangharshananu ardham chesukovadam, edurkovadam mariyu daani nundi neerchukoevadam lakshyam kaadaa anae daanipai charcha jarigindi. kontamandi pariseelakulu sangharshana vyavasthanu "samanvayam" cheyalane aalochananu ishtapadataaru, oka vyavasthanu "ekikrutam" cheyadamlo aacharanaatmaka mariyu saiddhaantika samasyala gurinchi kooda aandolana undhi. ayithe 2012loe david lipsky mariyu itarulu chesina parisoedhana.", perugutunna sankhyalo corporations tamanu taamu" "samagra sangharshana nirvahana vyavasthalu" "ledhaa" "ii. sii. emm. ess" "kaligi unnatlu bhaavistaayani suuchistumdi"."
prapanchavyaaptamgaa sangharshana nirvahana mariyu firyadu vyavasthala swabhaavaanni sekarinchadam, sameekshinchadam mariyu ardham chesukovadam kooda pradhana avasaram. mahilalaku mariyu purushulaku firyadu vyavasthalu elaa panichestaayane daani gurinchi adhyayanalu mariyu ullekhanaalu avasaram. prati desamlo vividha jaateeya samuuhaalaku, vividha saamaajika-aardhika taragatulaku chendina prajalaku, vividha vayasula prajalaku, vividha mataalaku, mukhyamgaa contract kaarmikulu, valasa kaarmikulaku vyavasthalu elaa panichestaayane daanipai parisoedhana avasaram. aarogya samrakshanhalo, vishwaasa aadhaarita samsthalalo, paatasaalallo, raajakeeya samsthalalo, sainyamlo mariyu aneka pratyeka vruttulalo firyadu vyavasthala gurinchi adhyayanalu (mariyu ullekhanaalu) avasaram. vaak swaatantyram vanti mukhyamaina pratyeka samasyalapai adhyayanalu avasaram.

