
suukshmajeevula jeevaadhokaranam

microbial biodegradation anedi hydrocarbonlatho sahaa paryaavarana kalushya kaarakaalanu (udhaa.zii. noone), polychlorinated biphenols (pcbs), polyromatic hydrocarbonlu (phch), heterocyclic sammelanaalu (pyridine ledhaa quinoline vantivi), aushadha padaarthaalu, radionuclides mariyu lohaalu.
iteevali samvatsaraalalo kalushya kaarakaala suukshmajeevula jeevaadhokaranam patla aasakti teevramaindi, mariyu iteevali pradhana paddati purogati paryaavarana sambandhita suukshmajeevula yokka vivaranaatmaka janyu, metagenomic, proteomic, bioinformatic mariyu itara adhika-nirgamaamsa vislaeshanhalaku veelu kalpinchindi, jeevaadhokaranam maargaala gurinchi kotta antardrushtulanu mariyu maarutunna paryaavarana paristhitulaku anugunamgaa jeevula saamarthyaanni andistundi.
kalushitaalanu tolaginchadamlo jeeva prakriyalu pradhana paatra poeshistaayi mariyu suukshmajeevula yokka catabolic paandityaanni sadviniyogam chesukuni atuvanti sammelanaalanu ksheenimpajeyadaaniki ledhaa maarchadaaniki upayogapadataayi. paryaavarana suukshmajeevasaastramloo, janyu-aadhaarita prapancha adhyayanalu jeevakriya mariyu niyantrana networkla avagahananu penchutunnaayi, alaage paryaavarana paristhitulanu maarchadaaniki ksheenata margalu mariyu paramaanu anusarana vyuuhaala parinaamampai kotta samacharanni andistunnaayi.
kalushya kaarakaala aerobic biodegradation.
bacteria janyu samacharam yokka perugutunna mottam sendriya kalushya kaarakaala ksheenata yokka janyu mariyu paramaanu sthaavaraalanu ardham chesukovadaniki kotta avakaasaalanu andistundi. sugandha sammelanaalu eee kalushya karakalalo atyanta sthiramainavi mariyu "berkholdaria genovorance" lb400 mariyu "rhodococcus" sp yokka iteevali janyu adhyayanala nundi paataalu neerchukoevacchu. eee roeju varaku puurtigaa kramabaddheekarinchabadina atipedda bacteria janyuvulalo rendu, raa1 jaathi. eee adhyayanalu bacteria catabolism, sendriya sammelanaalaku kaani catabolic saareeraka anusarana mariyu pedda bacteria janyuvula parinaamam gurinchi mana avagahananu vistarinchadaaniki sahayapaddayi. modatidi, phylogenetically vaividhyamaina isolates nundi jeevakriya margalu mottam samsthaku sambandhinchi chaalaa pooli untaayi. anduvalla, sudomonadeslo modata gurtinchinatlugaa, pedda sankhyalo "paridheeya sugandha" margalu sahaja mariyu genobiotic sammelanaala shrenini parimita sankhyalo "kendra sugandha" margaluga maarustaayi. ayinappatikee, eee margalu janyuparamgaa genus-nirdishta namoonaalalo vyavastheekrutam cheyabaddaayi, dheeniki udaaharanagaa bii-ketodaipet mariyu paa margalu unnaayi. tulanaatmaka janyu adhyayanalu konni margalu praarambhamlo anukunna daanikante vistrutamgaa unnayani marinta velladistunnaayi. anduvalla, baaks mariyu paa margalu aerobic sugandha ksheenata prakriyalalo naan-oxygenolytic ring-cleavage vyuuhaala prabalyanni vivaristaayi. adhika sankhyalo homologus enjaimlanu kaligi unna jeevulu kooda nijamaina redendenseeki konni udaaharanalanu kaligi unnayani nirdhaarinchadamlo functional genomic adhyayanalu upayogapadataayi. udaaharanaku, konni rhodococcal isolateslo ring-cleaving dioxygeneses yokka bahulatvam vividha terpenoids mariyu steroidla yokka rahasya sugandha catabolisanku aapaadinchabadavachu. chivaraku, iteevali janyu pravaham itarula kante elbi400 vanti konni pedda janyuvula parinaamamlo marinta mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchinatlu vislaeshanhalu suuchimchaayi. ayithe, udbhavistunna dhorani emitante, elbi400 mariyu arhch1 vanti saktivantamaina kalushya avakatavakalu yokka pedda janyu pradarsanalu pradhanamgaa marinta puraatana prakriyala dwara abhivruddhi chendaayi. atuvanti phylogenetically vaividhyamaina jaatulalo idhi nijam anie cheppavacchu mariyu eee catabolic saamarthyam yokka puraatana muulaanni marinta suuchistumdi.
kalushya kaarakaala vaayurahita jeevaadhokaranam.
punarviniyoga sendriya kalushya kaarakaala vaayurahita suukshmajeevula khanijeekarana goppa paryaavarana praamukhyata kaligi untundi mariyu indulo chamatkaaramaina kotta jeevarasaayana praticharyalu untaayi. mukhyamgaa, hydrocarbonlu mariyu hologenated sammelanaalu oxygen lenappudu ksheeninchagalavani chaalaa kaalamgaa anumaanistunnaaru, ayithe gatha dasaabdaalalo ippativaraku teliyani vaayurahita hydrocarbon-ksheenata mariyu tagginche dehalogenating bacteria yokka isolation prakrutilo eee prakriyalaku antima rujuvunu andinchindi. ituvanti parisoedhanalu praarambhamlo ekkuvagaa chlorinated sammelanaalanu kaligi undagaa, iteevali adhyayanalu sugandha purugumandulalo bromine mariyu iodine moityla yokka tagginche dehalogenation velladinchaayi. matti khanijala dwara jeevasaastraparamgaa prerepinchabadina ajaivika taggimpu vanti itara praticharyalu, aerobic vaataavaranaalaloo gamaninchina daanikante chaalaa vaegamgaa saapekshamgaa nirantara anilyn aadhaarita herbicidelanu nishkriyam chestayani choopabadindi. aneka kotta jeevarasaayana praticharyalu sambandhita jeevakriya maargaalanu praarambhinchadaaniki veelugaa kanugonabaddayi, conny eee bacteria yokka paramaanu avagaahanalo purogati chaalaa nemmadigaa undhi, endukante vaatilo chaalaa varaku janyu vyavasthalu takshaname vartinchavu. ayithe, paryaavarana suukshmajeevasaastra rangamlo janyusaastram yokka perugutunna anuvartanamtho, eee kotta jeevakriya lakshanaalapai paramaanu antardrushtulanu pondadaaniki kotta mariyu aasaajanaka drukpatham ippudu chetilo undhi. vaayurahita sendriya kalushya ksheenata saamarthyam kaligina bacteria nundi gatha konni samvatsaraalalo aneka puurti janyuvu shrenulu nirnayinchabaddaayi. auromatolium auromaticum" jaathi yokka ~ 4.7 emby janyuvu yokka genome ebn1 anedi vaayurahita hydrocarbon degrader (toluene ledhaa ethylbenzine uparitalaalugaa upayoginchadam) kosam modata nirnayinchabadindi. janyu kramam sugandha sammelanaala vaayurahita mariyu aerobic ksheenata kosam sanklishta catabolic network kosam rendu dozenla janyu samuuhaalanu (aneka samaantaraalatoe sahaa) codingnu velladinchindi. margalu mariyu enjaim nirmaanaala niyantranapai prastuta vivaranaatmaka adhyayanalaku janyuvu kramam aadharam. inumu-tagginche jaatula "geobactor metalyreducence" (accession nr) kosam vaayurahita hydrocarbon ksheenata bacteria yokka marinta janyuvulu iteevala puurtayyaayi. nc _ 007517) mariyu perchlorate-tagginche "dechloromonas aromatica" (accession nr. nc _ 007298), conny ivi inca adhikaarika prachuranalalo moolyaankanam cheyabadaledu. halorespiration dwara hologenated hydrocarbonla vaayurahita ksheenata saamarthyam kaligina bacteria kosam puurti janyuvulu kooda nirnayinchabaddaayih "dehalocosides ethanogens" strain 195 mariyu "dehalocosides" spin yokka ~ 1.4 embi janyuvulu. eee bacteria yokka lakshanam emitante, tagginche dehalogenesla kosam bahula samaantara janyuvula uniki, idhi gatamlo telisina daanikante vistrutamaina dehalogenating varnapataanni suuchistumdi. antekakunda, janyu shrenulu taggimpu dehalogenation yokka parinaamam mariyu samuchita anusarana kosam vibhina vyuuhaalapai apuurvamaina antardrushtulanu andinchaayi.
chlorophenolspy halorespiration kosam modata anchanaa vesina "desulfitobacterium chlororospherones" thoo sahaa konni jeevulu, herbyside bromaxinil mariyu daani pradhana metabolite vanti konni brominated sammelanaalanu kooda perugudalaku electron sweekartalugaa upayoginchavacchani iteevala spashtamaindi. iodenated sammelanaalu dehalogenated kaavacchu, ayithe eee prakriya electron sweekarta avasaranni teerchakapovacchu.
jeeva labhyata, chemotoxis mariyu kalushya kaarakaala ravana.
jeeva labhyata, ledhaa suukshmajeevulaku bhouthika rasaayanaparamgaa andubaatulo unde padaartham yokka parimaanam kalushya kaarakaala samarthavanthamaina jeevaadhokaranaku keelaka amsam. o 'olophlin "mariyu itarulu."(2000), kayolinite bankamatti minaha, chaalaa matti bankamatti mariyu katayan marpidi resinlu" "arthrobacter" "sp dwara 2-picolin yokka biodegradation tagginchaayani choopinchindi". aarr1 strain, mattini uparitalaanni adhishoshanam phalitamgaa. chemotoxis, ledhaa paryaavaranamlooni rasaayanaala vaipu ledhaa dhooramgaa chalanaseela jeevula nirdesita kadalika anedi paryaavaranamloo anuvula prabhaavavantamaina catabolizaniki dohadapade mukhyamaina saareeraka pratispandana. adanamgaa, vividha ravana vidhaanaala dwara sugandha anuvula kanaantara perukupovadaniki gala vidhanalu kooda mukhyamainavi.
chamuru jeevaadhokaranam.
petrolium noonelo chaalaa jeeva roopaalaku vishapuuritamaina sugandha sammelanaalu untaayi. chamuru dwara paryaavaranam yokka praasangika mariyu deerghakaalika kalushyam sthaanika paryaavarana paryaavaranaaniki pedda antaraayam kaligistundi. mukhyamgaa samudra vaataavaranaalu mukhyamgaa haani kaligistaayi, endukante theera praantaalaku sameepamlo mariyu bahiranga samudramlo chamuru chindatam niyantrinchadam kashtam mariyu upasamana prayatnaalanu marinta klishtataram chestundi. maanava karyakalapala dwara kaalushyaaniki adanamgaa, prati samvatsaram sumaru 250 million liitarla petrolium sahaja sraavaala nundi samudra vaataavaranamloki pravesistundi. daani vishapuuritam unnappatikee, samudra vyavasthalaloki pravesinche petrolium chamurulo gananeeyamaina bhaagam suukshmajeevula samuuhaala hydrocarbon-ksheenata karyakalapala dwara tolaginchabadutundi, mukhyamgaa iteevala kanugonna nipunula samuuham, hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (hetch. sii. bii) dwara. "alcanivorax borcumensis" anedi daani janyuvu kramaanni kaligi unna modati hetch. sii. bii.. hydrocarbonlatho paatu, mudi chamurulo tarachugaa pyridine vanti vividha heterocyclic sammelanaalu untaayi, ivi hydrocarbonlaku samaanamaina vidhaanaala dwara ksheeninchinatlu kanipistaayi.
collustroll biodegradation.
konni laingika harmonela vanti aneka synthetic steroid sammelanaalu tarachugaa purapalaka mariyu paarisraamika muruguneeti neetilo kanipistaayi, ivi paryaavarana vyavasthalanu pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitam chese balamaina jeevakriya kaaryakalaapaalato paryaavarana kalushya karakalaga panicheestaayi. eee sammelanaalu aneka vibhina suukshmajeevulaku saadhaarana carbon vanarulu kabatti vaati aerobic mariyu vaayurahita khanijeekarana vistrutamgaa adhyayanam cheyabadindi. eee adhyayanala aasakti laingika harmonelu mariyu carticoidla paarisraamika samslaeshanha kosam sterol transforming enjaimla yokka biotechnology anuvartanaalapai undhi. iteevala, collustroll yokka catabolism adhika praamukhyatanu pondindi, endukante idhi "mycobacterium tuberaculosis" ("entibi") anae vyadhikaaraka vyaadhi yokka sankramanalo paalgontundi. "entibi" kshayavyaadhiki kaaranamavutundi, mariyu eee jeevilo collustroll vanti steroid sammelanaalanu mariyu itara steroid-viniyoginche bacterianu kooda bandhinchadaaniki mariyu savarinchadaaniki kotta enjaim nirmaanaalu abhivruddhi chendaayani niroopinchabadindi. eee kotta enjaimlu steroid uparitalaala rasayana maarpulo vaati sambhaavyataku aasakti kaliginchavacchu.
vyardhaala jeeva suddhi vislaeshanha.
sthiramaina abhivruddhiki paryaavarana nirvahananu prothsahinchadam mariyu perugutunna maanavajanya karyakalapala dwara utpatti ayye vyardhaalanu pedda mottamlo chikitsa cheyadaaniki kotta saanketika parignaanaala kosam nirantara shodhana avasaram. jeeva chikitsa, jeevulanu upayoginchi vyardhaala prosessing, paryaavarana anukuulamainadi, saapekshamgaa saralamainadi mariyu bhouthika-rasayana subhrapariche empikalaku kharchutho koodukunna pratyaamnaayam. atyanta niyantrita vyavasthalalo bio treatment prakriyala bhouthika, rasayana mariyu jeeva parimita kaarakaalanu adhigaminchadaaniki bioreactorlu vanti parimita vaataavaranaalu roopondinchabaddaayi. parimita vaataavaranaala roopakalpanalo goppa paandityamu optimize chesina paristhitulalo vistruta shreni vyardhaala chikitsanu anumatistundi. saraina anchanaa vaeyadaaniki, vividha rakaala janyuvulu mariyu vyaktamaina pratilaekhanaalu mariyu proteinlanu kaligi unna vividha suukshmajeevulanu parigananaloki teesukovadam avasaram. chaalaa vislaeshanhalu tarachugaa avasaram avtayi. saampradaaya janyu paddhatulanu upayoginchi, ituvanti anchanaalu parimitamainavi mariyu samayam teesukuntaayi. ayithe, vaidya adhyayanala kosam modata abhivruddhi chesina aneka adhika-utpatti paddhatulanu parimita vaataavaranaalaloo jeeva chikitsanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki vartimpajeyavachu.
jeevakriya injaneering mariyu jeeva utpreraka anuvartanaalu.
paryaavaranamloo nirantara sendriya rasaayanaala vidhi yokka adhyayanam sannahaka sendriya samshlaeshanhaloo pedda saamardhyamtho enzymatic praticharyala yokka pedda jalaasayaanni velladinchindi, idhi ippatike prayogaatmakamgaa mariyu paarisraamika sthaayilo kooda aneka oxygens kosam upayoginchabadindi. kotta utprerakaalu metagenomic librarylu mariyu dna sequence aadhaarita vidhaanaala nundi pondavacchu. hetubaddhamaina mariyu yaadruchchika utparivartana dwara nirdishta praticharyalu mariyu prakriya avasaralaku utprerakaalanu sweekarinchadamlo mana perugutunna saamarthyaalu suukshma rasayana parisramalo, conny jeevaadhokaranam rangamlo kooda anuvartanaaniki paridhini vistrutam chestaayi. aneka sandarbhaallo, eee utprerakaalanu mottam kana jeevasambandhamaina maarpulalo ledhaa puliyabettadamlo upayoginchukovali, vyavasthala jeeva saanketikata mariyu krutrima jeevasastra rangamlo avi ekkuvagaa munduku saagutunnanduna, ottidi sareeradharma shaastram mariyu jeevakriya mariyu mottam kanaala injaneeringku hetubaddhamaina vidhaanaalanu ardham chesukovadaniki vyavastha-vistruta vidhaanaalanu korutunnayi.
sileendhraala jeevaadhokaranam.
paryaavarana vyavasthalo, vividha raajyaala nundi vacchina jeevula samuuhaalu vividha uparitalaalapai ververu raetlaloo daadi chestaayi. "aspergillus" mariyu itara acchulu eee consortialo mukhyamaina paatra poeshistaayi endukante avi recycling starchlu, hemicelluloges, celluloges, pectins mariyu itara chakkera polymerlalo naipunhyam kaligi untaayi. konni aspergillilu kovvulu, noonelu, chittin mariyu keratin vanti marinta vakreebhavana sammelanaalanu ksheeninchagalavu. taginanta natrajani, bhaswaram mariyu itara avasaramaina akarbana poeshakaalu unnappudu garishta kullipovadam sambhavistundi. sileendhraalu aneka matti jeevulaku aaharaanni kooda andistaayi.
aspergillus" kosam, ksheenata prakriya anedi poeshakaalanu pondadaaniki sadhanam. eee acchulu maanava nirmita uparitalaalanu ksheeninchinappudu, eee prakriyanu saadhaaranamgaa biodetariation antaaru. kaagitam mariyu vastraalu (patthi, janapanara mariyu naara) rendoo mukhyamgaa aspergillus ksheenataku gurayye avakaasam undhi. mana kalaatmaka vaarasatvam kooda "aspergillus" daadiki lobadi untundi. oka udaaharana ivvalante, 1969loe italeelo florence varadalu vacchina taruvaata, ognisanti charchilooni debbatinna girlandayo fresco nundi verucheyabadina vaatilo 74 saatam "aspergillus versicolor".