
jeelam charitra

aadhunika paakistaanlooni jilla ayina jeelam () yokka namodu cheyabadina charitra vaela samvatsaraala naatidi. daani srushti nundi, pertian, greeku, hinduu, bouddha, muslim, sikku mariyu british prastuta pakistan meeda aadhipatyam chelaayistunnaayi.
alegzander dhi grate mariyu raajaa porus sainyala madhya jarigina prasiddha hydaspes yuddham jarigina pradaesaaniki sameepamlo jeelam undhi. eee yuddham nagara kendram nundi konni mailla diguvaku, nadhi odduna jarigindi. alegzander gurram busephalus maranaaniki gurthugaa eee nagaram sthaapinchabadindi, modata dheenini busephala anie pilicheevaaru. sameepamlo 16va sataabdapu chaaritraatmaka rohtas koota kooda undhi, idhi sikku shakam nundi maroe chaaritraatmaka koota, idhi railway fatak jeelam nagaraniki sameepamlo pradhana bus stand venuka bhaagamlo undhi. idhi ippudu railway adhikaarula krinda dukanaluga mariyu tilla jogian gaa upayoginchabadutondi; eee praantaaniki sataabdaala charitra undhi.
prarambha charitra.
eee jilla charitra mahabharata pakshika pouraanika kaalam naatidi. hinduu sampradaayam vaari vanavasa samayamlo aiduguru pandava sodarulaku aasrayam gaa uppu shrenini suuchistumdi. daani drushyaalalo prati pradhana amsam jaateeya veerula puraanaalatoe mudipadi undhi. aadhunika parisoedhanalu alegzander mariyu porus madhya sangharshana jarigina pradaesaanni jeelam jillaalone unnatlu nirdharinchaayi. ayithe, macedonian raaju jeelam (ledhaa hydespace) marganni prabhaavitam chesina khachitamaina pradaesam teevra vivaadaaspadamaindi.
greeku kaalam.
alegzander etuvanti poraatam lekunda longipoyina raajaa ambi yokka puraatana takshashila nundi kalar kaharku maaradu. athanu uppu shrenini daati, edamavaipuku tirigi, jeelam nadhi paschima odduna, dheenini athanu hydaspes anie pilichadu. athani edurugaa maroka odduna oka raaja porus undedi. vaaru alegzander yokka mottam dandayaatralo atipedda mariyu atyanta bhayankaramaina yuddhaalalo okadaanilo poraadaaru, idhi chivariki alegzander gelichindi, dhairyavanthudaina porasku vyatiraekamgaa aascharyakaramaina charyanu upayoginchina taruvaata, conny alegzander vaipu kooda chaalaa kashtamtho mariyu bhaarii praananashtamto. marinta munduku vellae mundu, alegzander nadhi paschima odduna oka gramanni sthaapinchi, 2000 padavala nirmaanaaniki aadesinchaadu. greeku admiral sameepaalu sameepamloni ettaina kondala nundi kalapanu erpaatu cheyalsi undhi, veetini nadiloe theeluthuu eee samayamlo paiki laagutaaru. ayana eee gramanni bousefila (prastuta jeelam nagaram) anie pilicharu. jeelam nadhi nagaramloni nivaasa praantaalatoo pootii paduthuu pravahistundi.
nadhi lopala unna maseedu netikee grand trunk roodduloo chaalaa mandhi prayaanikulaku prasiddha mylurayi. alegzander yokka naukaadala adhipatiki chaalaa pedda ettuna padavalanu nirminche panini appaginchaaru. anduvalla, kalaakaarulu gumigudaru, anduvalla nagaramloni aadhunika kaalaneelaku rampapu millula kaaranamgaa yantra mohallalu (sankhya 1,2 mariyu 3) anie paeru pettaru. sahasrabdaluga punjab mottaaniki jeelam kalapa marketga maarindi. mangla anakatta nirmaanam taruvaata matrame nadipai kalapa teladam ledhu, mariyu nagaram eee adhikaranni kolpoyindi. ikkada oka plywood factory kooda undhi, idhi abhivruddhi chendutondi. greekulu tama shourya, yuddha sphuurti yokka gurtulanu vadili vellaaru, ivi aaa praantamloo nivasinche jaatulu, vamsaalatoe baga kalisipoyayi.
prarambha muslim kaalam.
cree. sha. 997loe, sultan mahmud ghajanavi, thana tandri sultan sebuctagin sthaapinchina ghajnavid raajavamsam saamrajyaanni swaadheenam chesukunnadu, 1005loe athanu 1005loe kaabuullooni hinduu shaaheelanu jayinchadu, aaa taruvaata jhalam jillaatho sahaa punjab praantaanni jayinchadu. dhhillee sultanet, taruvaata moghal saamrajyam eee praantaanni paripaalinchaayi. missionary suufii saadhuvula kaaranamgaa punjab praantam pradhanamgaa muslingaa maarindi, vaari dargaala valla punjab praantam yokka prakruti drushyam vistarinchi undhi.
ippudu varusaga uppu shrenini, daani uttara peethabhoomini kaligi unna janjuvaalu, khokharlu toli nivasuluga kanipistaaru.
paschimam nundi prarambha vijaya taramgaaniki praatinidhyam vahistunna gakharlu, inca jillaaku thoorpuna pedda praantamloo nivasistunnaaru; ippudu paschima maidaanamlo samuuhamgaa unna avaanlu spashtamgaa taruvaata aakramanadaarulu, gakharlu prarambha muslim yugamlo aadhipatya jaatigaa unnaaru mariyu vaaru chaalaa kaalam paatu jhalam lone mariyu poruguna unna ravalpindi jillaalo tama swaatantryaanni konasaaginchaaru.
sikku shakam.
1765loe gujar singh chivari swatantra gakharla adhipati mukarrab khaannu oodinchi, uppu shreni mariyu murri kondala adavi parvataaroohakulanu longadeesukunnaaru. moghal saamrajyam patanam taruvaata, sikku multan jillaanu aakraminchi aakraminchaadu. sikku paalanalo muslimlu teevramaina aankshalanu edurkonnaru. 1810loe ranjit singh chetilo padipoye varaku gujjar singh kumarudu thana aadhipatyaanni saadhinchaadu. lahore prabhutva hayaamlo jeelam yokka aadhipatya vargaalu aardhika charyala valla chaalaa badhapaddayi.
british yugam.
1847loe jeelam migilina sikku bhuubhaagaalatoe british vaari adhikaaramloki vellindi.1857loe jeelam pattanamlo unna 14va sthaanika padaatidalam tirugubaatu chesi, vaarini niraayudhulanu cheyadaaniki ravalpindi nundi pampina dalaaniki vyatiraekamgaa balamaina rakshana kalpinchindi, conny charya taruvaata raatri pradhana samstha paaripoyindi. aaa taruvaata vaaru paaripoyina kashmir adhikarulu vaarini arrestu chesaaru. modata pindigheb mariyu indus nadhi varaku bhuubhaagamtoe sahaa pedda praantaanni kaligi unna jilla sthaayilo mariyu jeelam jillaalo british vaaru sthaapinchina paripalana, taruvaata jeelam, chakwal mariyu pind dadan khaan tahaseellanu chaerchadaaniki, jilla pradhana karyalayalu pind dadan khaan nundi jeelanku maaradamtho, vibhajinchabadindi. 20va sataabdamloo, eee nagaraniki shourya mariyu vijayala garvinchadagina charitra undhi.
british paalanalo, jeelam ravalpindi divisionlo oka jilla, mariyu prastuta jeelam jilla kante peddadi. 1914 april 1naa, talgang tahaseelnu jilla nundi vaeru chesi, kotta jilla attack thoo vileenam chesaaru. paatha jhalam jilla (mainus talagang) 2,813 chadarapu mailla (7285 chadarapu kii. mea) vistiirnamloo undhi mariyu indulo chakwal tehseel undhi-dheeniki paschimaana shahpur mariyu attack sarihaddulugaa unnaayi, mariyu uttaraana ravalpindi-jhalam nadhi dheenini eshaanyamlo kashmir nundi mariyu aagneyamlo gujrat mariyu shahpur nundi vaeru chesindi.
british paalanalo, jeelam vaayuvya railway dwara bhaarata saamraajyamloni itara nagaralaku, kalakatta nundi 1,367 maillu, bombai nundi 1,413 maillu, karachi nundi 849 mailla dhooramlo anusandhaaninchabadi undhi. 1901 bhaarata janabha lekkala prakaram janabha 14,951.
imperial gaziteer off india prakaaram
1857 naati bhaarata tirugubaatu samayamlo, dheenini bhaarata tirugubaatu anie kooda pilustaaru, 24va regular regimentku chendina 35 mandhi british sainikulu jeelam yuddhamlo gouravaneeyamaina thoorpu bhaarata companyla 14va bengaul sthaanika padaatidalaaniki chendina tirugubaatudaarulache champabaddaru (sumaru 500 mandhi sainikulu tirugubaatu chesaaru, sumaru 100 mandhi sikku sainikulu vidheyathatho unnaaru). mrutulalo kalnal vilium spring pedda kumarudu kepten frances spring kooda unnaaru. St lopala oka lectorn. zaan charchi jeelam aaa 35 mandhi sainikula paerlanu choopistundi. St. zaan charchi paakistaanlooni jeelam contonmentlo jeelam nadhi pakkana undhi. idhi 1860loe nirminchabadindi mariyu nagaramlo oka mylurayiga migilipoyindi. idhi protestant charchiga nirminchabadindi mariyu british kaalam antataa upayogamlo undhi. gatha nalabhai samvatsaraalugaa idhi prajalaku moosiveyabadindi mariyu paelavamaina sthithilo undhi, ayithe idhi appati nundi punaruddharinchabadindi mariyu tirigi teravabadindi mariyu ippudu nirvahinchabadutondi.
eee yuddhamlo british sainikudu vilium konoli thana dhairyaniki victoria siluvanu geluchukunnadu. khaqi shaa anie kooda piluvabade mirja dildar baeg, jeelam vadda jarigina tirugubaatulo palgonnadu, taruvaata dheenini bharatiya jaateeyavaadulu jarupukunnaru. atanni kaashmeerlooni adhikarulu migilina tirugubaatudaarulato paatu bandhinchi, arrestu chesi, taruvaata jeelam nadhi sameepamlo uriteesaaru. ayana samadhi jeelam dildarnagarloni oka aalayamlo undhi, mariyu uttara pradaeslooni oka chinna pattanaaniki kooda ayana paeru pettaru.
jeelam nadipai railway vantenanu 1873loe british injanir vilium seyint nirminchaaru. zaan galvi. athanu sutlege nadipai goppa saamraagni vantenanu kooda nirminchaadu.
swaatantryam.
pradhanamgaa muslim janabha muslim leag mariyu pakistan udyamam rendintikee maddatu ichindi. 1947loe pakistan swaatantryam mariyu bharatadesam nundi vibhajana taruvaata, minority hinduvulu mariyu sikkulu bharatadesaniki sthaanabhramsham chendagaa, bharatadesam nundi vacchina muslim saranaarthulu jeelam jillaalo sthirapaddaaru.
sainika charitra.
saayudha dalaalaku jeelam chaalaa kaalamgaa keelaka niyamaka pradaesamgaa undhi mariyu mukhyamgaa chaalaa mandhi sainikulanu andinchina charitra undhi. idhi modata gouravaneeyamaina eest india company sainyamlo, taruvaata british sainyamlo, inca iteevala pakistan saayudha dalaalaku seva cheyadaaniki purushulanu pampindi. phalitamgaa, dheenini sthaanikamgaa "sainikula nagaram" ledhaa "amaraveerulu mariyu yodhula bhoomi" anie pilustaaru. modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo, bharatiya dandayaatra dalaaniki gananeeyamaina sankhyalo niyamakalanu andinchadamlo jeelam prasiddhi chendindi, phalitamgaa, swaatantryam vachhe varaku british indian aarmeeki niyaamakaalaku balamaina vanarugaa maarindi.
modati prapancha yuddhamlo belgiumlo poraadutunnappudu subedar khuda dodd khaan jeelam kumarudiki (shouryaaniki atyunnata saamraajya, british mariyu commonwealth avaardu) pradaanam chesina modati victoria siluvanu sampaadinchaadu. taruvaata jeelam yokka maroka kumarudiki daaniki samaanamaina pakistan yokka nishan-eah-hyder pradaanam cheyavalasi vachindi. majer mohammed akram (shaheed) 1971 indo-pakistan yuddhamlo chesina charyalaku maranaanantaram thana avaardunu andukunnaru.
1947loe pakistan swaatantryam prakatinchinappudu, kotta pakistan sainyamlooni naluguru senior majer generalslo mugguru jeelam nundi vacchaarani gamaninchali majer general mohammed akbar, majer general nazir ahmed mariyu majer general mohammed iftekhar. jhalam nundi udbhavinchina itara senior pakistan sainika adhikarulu; air commoder mohammed khaan janjuva, general asif nawaz janjuva mariyu admiral tarik kamal khaan. bajang amad mariyu bajam arayan rachayita kalnal mohammed khaan kooda jeelam nundi vacchaaru.
jhalam nundi vacchina sainikulu, naavikulu mariyu vaimanika sibbandi british raaj kaalam nundi prapancha yuddhalu mariyu bhaaratadaesamtoe iteevali sangharshanhala dwara poraatamlo tamanu taamu vaeru chesukunnaru. phalitamgaa aneka mandhi shourya puraskaralu mariyu prasamsalanu geluchukunnaru.
vyutpatti.
anjum sultan shahbaz thana pustakam tarikh-eah-jeelam loe jeelam anae paeruku sambandhinchina konni kathalanu ilaa namodu chesaru

