
africa yokka janyu charitra

africa yokka janyu charitra aafrikaaloni african janabha yokka mottam janyu charithratho koodi untundi, indulo uttara africa, paschima africa, thoorpu africa, madhya africa mariyu dakshina africa yokka praantiiya janyu charitralu, alaage aafrikaalo aadhunika maanavula iteevali muulam unnaayi. africa charitra antataa vividha thematho kuudina dasalu mariyu kalalalo aafrikaaloni prajalaku eee sahara oka praantiiya maargam mariyu nivaasa sthalamgaa panichesindi.
sameeksha.
africa prajalu praantiiya janyu uparitalam mariyu vaividhyatatoe vargeekarinchabaddaaru, sambandhita jaathi-bhasha gurtimpunu batti, mariyu kontavaraku, africa khandamloni vividha bahula praantaalalo aadhunika maanava vamsaala "bahula-praantiiya parinaamam" dwara, alaage eurasia nundi venuka-valasalatho sahaa, atyanta bhinnamaina paschima mariyu thoorpu-eurasian bhagala mishrama sanghatanala dwara vivarinchavacchu.
aafrikanla janyu puurveekulu ekkuvagaa bhougolikam mariyu bhasha kutumbam dwara vibhajinchabaddaaru, adhe jaathi-bhasha samuuhaalaku chendina janabha adhika janyu ekaruupata mariyu pondikanu chooputundi. janyu pravaham, swalpa-shreni mariyu suduura valasa sanghatanalaku anugunamgaa, vistrutamaina misramam mariyu addanki sanghatanala taruvaata, aafrikanla praantiiya janyu aakruti mariyu janabha nirmaanaanni prabhaavitam chesindi. chaaritraka baantu vistarana africa yokka aadhunika janabha nirmaanampai shaashwata prabhavalanu choopindi, phalitamgaa ekkuva janyu mariyu bhasha ekaruupata erpadindi. janyu, puraavastu mariyu bhasha adhyayanalu eee udyamam gurinchi adanapu antardrushtini jodinchayi "maa phalitaalu khandam antataa niger-kango matlade janabha yokka janyu konasaagimpunu velladistaayi mariyu baantu valasala margalu, samayam mariyu paridhi gurinchi maa prastuta avagahananu vistaristaayi."
mottammeeda, ververu african janabha janyu vaividhyam mariyu uparitala nirmaanaanni pradarsistundi, conny vibhinnamaina conny paakshikamgaa ativyaapti chendutunna samoohaalalo samuuhaparachavachuh
african desheeyulu.
aafrikaaloni sthaanika janabhalo niger-kango matladevaru, nilo-saharan matladevaru, vibhinnamaina mariyu vibhinnamaina khoisan samuuhaalu, alaage aneka vargeekarinchani ledhaa vivikta jaathi bhasha samuuhaalu unnaayi (chudandi). konni madhyapraachya muulaanni pratipaadinchagaa, marikonni vividha sthaayilalo eurasian mariyu african bhaagaalato african muulaaniki maddatu istuu, afro-asiatic bhashala muulam vivadaspadamga undhi. austronatian bhashalu aagneya asealo udbhavinchaayi, taruvaata phillippeans nundi bahirgatamayyaayi.
niger-kango bhashalu bahusha bantu vistaranaku mundu eee bhashalu matlade praantamloo ledhaa sameepamlo udbhavinchi undavacchu (i.ii. paschima africa ledhaa madhya africa). daani vistarana african neolithic kaalamlo, sii loe sahaara endipoyina taruvaata, vyavasayam vistaranatoe mudipadi undavacchu. cree. puu. 3500. proto-niger-kango aafrikaaloni "green sahara" (sumaruga sahel mariyu dakshina sahara) loe 10,000 samvatsaraala mundu udbhavinchi undavacchu, mariyu daani chedaragottadam valasa vetagaalla dwara villu mariyu baanam vyaaptitoe sambandham kaligi undavacchu, idhi taruvaata vyavasayanni abhivruddhi chesindi.
nilo-saharan kutumbam yokka chellubaatu vivadaspadamga unnappatikee, chaad, sudan mariyu central african republicla madhya unna praantam creepoo 1,000 chuttoo chedaragottadaaniki mundu daani maatrubhoomiki sambhaavya abhyardhigaa pariganinchabadutundi.
paschima/madhya africa mariyu thoorpu african matasambandhula nundi baantu matladevari vistaranaku mundu, dakshina african vetagallu (khoisan) dakshina aafrikaaloni svayampratipattigala vetagadi-sekarinche janaabhaaku praatinidhyam vahinchaalani suuchimchaaru. daadaapu ~ 0% nundi ~87.1% varaku baantu-sambandhita mishramaaniki khoisan aadhaaraalanu chooputundi.
africa velupala eevent.
aadhunika maanavula iteevali african muulam" namuunaa aafrikaalo "homo sapiens" yokka "oke muulam" nuu vargeekarana konamlo pratipaadinchindi. homo sapiens-upa samuuhaalu aafrikaaloni bahula praantaalalo udbhavinchaayani, avi muulam yokka oke praantaaniki parimitam kaaledani iteevali janyu mariyu puraavastu dayta suuchistumdi. hetch. saraina eurasianlaku chendina sapiens puurveekulu 50,000 mariyu 100,000 samvatsaraala kritam eshaanya aafrikaanu vidichipettaru. iteevali african muulam" namuunaa aadhunika african kaani janabha anthaa "hetch" yokka okati ledhaa aneka taramgaala nundi vachindani pratipaadinchindi. sapiens" "1,000 samvatsaraala kritam aafrikaanu vidichipetti vellaadu".
durvasula mariyu itarula prakaram. (2020), paschima african janabhalo 2 saatam nundi 19 saatam (6.6 nundi 7.0 saatam) mandhi maanavulu mariyu neanderthalla puurveekula nundi 360 kyaa nundi 1.02 miah madhya vidipoyina teliyani puraatana hominin nundi vacchi undavacchani suuchanalu unnaayi. ayithe, durvasula mariyu itarulu. (2020) eee puraatana mishramamlo kaneesam kontha bhaagam eurasianlu/aafrikanlu kaani vaarilo kooda undani, mariyu mishrama sanghatana ledhaa sanghatanalu 0 nundi 124 kaa bii varaku untaayani kooda suuchistumdi.p, indulo africa velupala valasalaku mundu mariyu african/eurasian vibhajanaku mundu kaalam untundi (tadwara aafrikanlu mariyu eurasianlu/aafrikanlu kaani vaari saadhaarana puurveekulanu kontavaraku prabhaavitam chestundi). chenn mariyu itarulu. (2020) aafrikanlu gatamlo anukunna daanikante ekkuva neanderthal puurveekulanu kaligi unnaarani kanugonnaru. africa antataa unna 2,504 african namuunaalanu neanderthal puurveekulapai vislaeshimchi pareekshinchaaru. anni african namuunaalu chinna neanderthal puurveekulaku aadhaaraalanu choopinchaayi, conny ellappuduu eurasianlalo gamaninchina daanikante takkuva sthaayilo untaayi.
eurasia mariyu african janabha madhya janyu pravaham.
uttara aafrikaalo, mariyu africa kommu yokka nirdishta jaathi samoohaalalo, alaage madagaskar yokka malagasy prajalalo gananeeyamaina eurasian misramam kanipistundi. vividha janyu adhyayanalu vividha eurasia janabha nundi bahula charitrapurva valasalu mariyu sthaanika samuuhaalatoe tadupari mishramaaniki aadhaaraalanu kanugonnayi. paschima-eurasian geneflo uttara africaku paleolithic (30,000 nundi 15,000 samvatsaraala kritam) samayamlo vachindi, taruvaata itara puurva-neolithic mariyu neolithic valasa sanghatanalu jarigaayi. tafforalt namuunaalapai janyu samacharam "uttara africa holocene mariyu vyavasaya paddhatula abhivruddhiki mundu eurasia nundi gananeeyamaina mottamlo janyu pravahanni pondindani niroopinchindi". arab vistarana vanti madhyayuga janyu pravaaha sanghatanalu kooda vividha african janabhalo jadalanu vadilivesayi. pickrell mariyu itarulu. (2014) paschima eurasia puurveekulu chivariki eshaanya africa (mukhyamgaa africa kommu) gundaa dakshina africaku vacchaarani suuchimchimdi.
ramse mariyu itarulu. (2018) aafrikaaloni vividha praantaalalo, puraatana mariyu iteevali valasala nundi, uttara africa nundi vacchina janabhalo mariyu africa kommu yokka konni samoohaalalo atyadhikamaina paschima eurasia mishramaaniki aadharalu kooda kanugonabaddayi
janabha nirmaanam mariyu ontaritanam kaaranamgaa khandamloni antargata vaividhyamtho paatu, aafrikaaloki eurasia janabha valasalu janyu vaividhyaaniki keelaka dohadapadatayi. eee valasalalo ververu samayaallo mariyu aafrikaaloni vividha praantaalaku ververu eurasian janabha pravaham undhi. ippatike unna janabhapai janyu adhyayanala dwara eee valasala vivaraalanu samagramgaa vargeekarinchadam konni bhougolikamgaa porugu janabha madhya balamaina janyu vyatyaasaalanu vivarinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi.
eee vilakshanhamaina eurasian misramam madhya paschima aafrikaalo (udhaa.zii.nigeriaku chendina yoruba) 7.5 nundi 10.5 kyaa madhya sambhavistundi, thoorpu aafrikaalo paatha misramam (udhaa.zii., ethiopia) anedi ~ 2.4 mariyu 3.2 kyaa madhya sambhavistundi mariyu iteevali misramam konni thoorpu african (udhaa.zii., kenya) janabha.
vistrutamaina african mariyu eurasian janabhalo eldi kshayam mariyu haplotype bhagaswamyam aadhaaramgaa tadupari adhyayanalu paschima, thoorpu mariyu dakshina aafrikanlalo eurasian santakaalu unnayani dhruvikarinchayi. paschimaana, gambia mariyu maali nundi niger-kango matlade vaaritho paatu, burkina fasoku chendina mossie puraatana eurasian mishrama sanghatana ~ 7 kyaa choopinchindi. thoorpuna, eee vislaeshanhalu kenyaalo gatha 4000 samvatsaraalalo eurasia misramaanni oohinchaayi.
afro-asiatic bhasha kutumbam yokka asalu matrubhumi eppudu ledhaa ekkada unikilo undho daanipai khachitamaina oppandam ledhu. kotta raathi viplavam samayamlo ekkuvagaa paschima-eurasian puurveekulu unna prajalu, uttara africa mariyu africa kommu vaipu, madhyaprachyam nundi, mukhyamgaa levant nundi bayataku vellae vaaru ivi vyaapinchaayani kondaru suuchimchaaru. eee parikalpana africa kommuku sthaanikamgaa unde teff, ensate mariyu niger vittanaalu vanti mokkala pempakaaniki kaaranam kaadu, ledhaa cree. puu. 3000 kii mundu aaa praantamloo chorabaatuku palpade vyavasaya janabha ledhaa godhumalu, barley ledhaa jonna saagu gurinchi aadharalu lekapovadam kooda dheeniki kaaranam kaadu.sii. kontamandi vaadistuu, afro-asiatic (proto-afro-asiatic) matladevaru eshaanya aafrikaalo nivasinchaarani, endukante aaa praantamloo afro-asiatic bhasha kutumbam yokka vaividhyamlo ekkuva bhaagam undhi mariyu bhougolika saameepyamlo chaalaa vaividhyamaina samuuhaalu unnaayi, konnisaarlu bhasha bhougolika muulaaniki oka spashtamaina chihnamgaa pariganistaaru. proto-afro-asiatic janabhalo oka upasamiti chivari paleolithic samayamlo levantku valasa vacchi, sthaanika paschima-eurasianlatho vileenam ayi, phalitamgaa janabha taruvaata prakruti samskrutini penchutundi, idhi vyavasayam mariyu prarambha afro-asiatic bhashala prarambha abhivruddhitho sambandham kaligi untundi, ledhaa pratyaekamgaa puurva-proto-semitic.
africa janabha kommupai nirvahinchina aneka adhyayanalu sumaru 3,000 samvatsaraala kritam paschima-eurasian mishrama sanghatananu anchanaa vaestunnaayi, hodgson mariyu itarulu. (2014) africa kommulo (mariyu kontavaraku uttara africa mariyu paschima asealo) adhyayanam chesina african-asea matlade samoohaalalo oka pratyaekamaina paschima-eurasian puurveekula bhaganni kanugonnaru, idhi somalilalo ekkuvagaa undhi. ethio-somali" anie piluvabade eee puurveekula bhaagam-sumaru 23,000 samvatsaraala kritam itara african kaani puurveekula nundi verupadi, vyavasayanni abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki mundu africaku tirigi valasa vacchi, africa kommu yokka sthaanika swadeshi vamsaalatoe vileenam ayi undavacchu. ethio-somali" anedi proto-aphroasiatic matlade janabhalo gananeeyamaina puurveekula bhaagam ayi undavacchani rachayitalu pratipaadinchaaru. gandini mariyu itarulu chesina tadupari mtdna vislaeshanha. (2016) paschima-eurasia nundi africa kommuloki vyavasaya puurva valasaku maddatugaa adanapu aadhaaraalanu andinchindi, prarambha holocene loe africa kommuloki vacchina anchanaa theedheetho, bahusha erra samudram antataa obsidian marpidi networkla phalitamgaa. hodgeson mariyu itarulu. africa kommuku sthaanikamgaa unna puurveekula bhaagam-"ethiopic" (hodgson mariyu itarulu) unikini kooda dhruveekarinchaaru.) ledhaa "omotic" (pagani mariyu itarulu.)-idhi nairuti ethiopialo aphroasiatic yokka omotic saakhanu matladevarilo atyanta prabalamgaa undhi. nairuti ethiopialoni oka guhalo kanugonabadina 4,500 samvatsaraala puraatana silaajamto (motaa) eee vamsam mudipadi undhi, idhi aadhunika ethiopian samuuhaalatoe, mukhyamgaa omotic aari prajala antargati kammari kulamtho adhika janyu anubandhaanni kaligi undhi. motaa maadirigaane, aari kammarulu paschima-eurasianlatho kalayikaku aadharalu choopincharu, kaneesam 4,500 samvatsaraala paatu eee praantamloo janabha konasaagimpunu pradarsinchaaru. aadhunika janabhanu soochinche motaa yokka janyuvu yokka tulanaatmaka vislaeshanhaloo, gallego mariyu itarulu. (2016) itara afro-asiatic bhashala nundi omotic yokka vaividhyam daani matladevarini bahya samuuhaala nundi saapekshamgaa verucheyadam valla sambhavinchi undavacchani nirdhaarinchindi. 68 ethiopian jaathi samuuhaala vislaeshanhaloo, motaa, lopez mariyu itarulanu kooda suuchistumdi. afro-asiatic yokka omotic, mettani mariyu semitic saakhalaku chendina samuuhaalu sagatuna okadaanitoe okati adhika janyu saaruupyatanu chuuputaayani (2021) velladinchindi. jaathi samuuhaala madhya iteevala vistrutamgaa kalayikaku kooda dayta maddatu istundi. bhasha shaastravetta rogar blench nairuti ethiopianu afro-asiatic yokka matrubhoomigaa pratipaadinchaaru, kontavaraku aaa praantamloo matlade omotic saakha yokka adhika antargata vaividhyam kaaranamgaa. adanamgaa, vai-haplogroup upa-vamsam ii-emm215 ("ii1bii1bii" anie kooda pilustaaru) mariyu daani utpannamaina ii-emm35 afro-asiatic matladevarilo chaalaa saadhaaranam mariyu nairuti ethiopia eee haplogrouplaku aamodayogyamaina muulam. eee vamsaaniki chendina bhasha samuuham mariyu vahakalu madhyaraatiyugamlo eshaanya africa nundi udbhavinchi, chedaragotte adhika sambhaavyata kaligi unnaayi, ippatike pasuposhana mariyu teevramaina mokkala viniyogam mariyu sekarana yokka jeevanaadhaara namuunaalanu abhivruddhi chesaayi. charitrakaarudu mariyu bhasha shaastravetta christopher ehret prakaram, eshaanya aafrikaalo proto-aphroasiatic janabha abhyasinche intensive mokkala sekarana roopam vyavasaya paddhatulaku puurvagaami ayi undavacchu, ivi taruvaata saaravantamaina ardhachandraakaaramlo mariyu kommulo swatantramgaa abhivruddhi chendaayi. aadhunika janabhanu oka suuchanagaa upayoginchi autosomal dna yokka 2018 punah vislaeshanha levant yokka puraatana natufian namuunaalu 6.8% omotic-sambandhita puurveekulaku aasrayam kalpinchaayani kanugondi. dobon mariyu itarulu. (2015) eshaanya aafrikaaloni aadhunika afro-asiatic matlade janabhalo (alaage nubianlu) saadhaaranamgaa kanipinche autosomal puurveekula bhaganni gurtinchindi. sudan looni kaaptlalo sikharagra sthaayiki cherukunnappatiki egyptianlu ledhaa khatarilalo kanipinchani eee bhaagam, nairuti sudan mariyu dakshina sudan yokka nilo-saharan matladevarini nirvachinche oka bhaagamtho paatu kanipistundi. aarona mariyu itarulu. (2017), berbers vanti uttara african janabha nundi pondina janyu daetaanu vislaeshistuu, vaatini madhyapraachya, european mariyu upa-sahara african-sambandhita puurveekula mojayikga abhivarninchaaru.
nirdishta thoorpu asea sambandhita puurveekulu madagaskar yokka malagasy matladevarilo madhyastha pounahpunyamlo kanipistaaru. eee thoorpu asea sambandhita puurveekula uniki ekkuvagaa agneyasia nundi austronatian prajala vistaranatoe mudipadi undhi. borneo prajalu madagaskarku vacchina thoorpu asea samudrayaanadaarulanu pooli unnatlu gurtinchaaru. malagasy prajalalo thoorpu asea puurveekulu sagatuna 33 saatam anchanaa veyabaddaaru, conny konni ettaina samuuhaalu mariyu unnata kula samoohaalalo idhi ~75% kante ekkuvagaa undhi.
chenn mariyu itarulu. (2020) africa antataa nundi 2,504 african namuunaalanu vislaeshimchimdi, mariyu takkuva frequencylo pareekshinchina anni african namoonaalalo puraatana neanderthal puurveekulanu kanugondi. vaaru european-sambandhita (paschima-eurasian) puurveekula vibhaganni kooda gurtinchaaru, idhi ekkuvagaa kanugonabadina neanderthal puurveekula bhagalaku anugunamgaa unnatlu telustondi. aafrikanlalo european-sambandhita misramam uttara aafrikanlalo garishta sthaayiki cheradamto, 0% nundi ~30% varaku untundani anchanaa veyabadindi. chenn mariyu itarula prakaram. (2020), "eee dayta aafrikanlalo neanderthal puurveekula sankethaalaku venukaku valasalu dohadapaddayane parikalpanaku anugunamgaa unnaayi. antekakunda, european vamsaaniki sambandhinchina janabha nundi europeanlu mariyu thoorpu aseanlu vidipoyina taruvaata eee venuka-valasalu vachayani dayta suuchistumdi."
halfelder mariyu itarulu. (2021) gatamlo sthaanika aafrikanlaku "mishramamgaa laeni suuchana janabha" gaa upayoginchina paschima african yoruba prajalu, neanderthal puurveekula chinna sthaayilanu kaligi unnaarani, ivi ekkuvagaa "puurveekula european lanty" muula janabha yokka venuka-valasalatho mudipadi untaayani nirdhaarinchaaru.
bahula adhyayanalu eurasia, mukhyamgaa eurup mariyu madhyaprachyam vaipu sthaanika african puurveekula janyu pravaahaaniki aadhaaraalanu kooda kanugonnayi. 40 ververu paschima-eurasian janabha vislaeshanhaloo african misramam 0 saatam nundi ~15% varaku frequencytho unnatlu kanugonabadindi.
dakshina airopaloni konni praantaalalo uttara africa nundi oka chinna janyu pravaham undhi, dheeniki naalugu 4,000 samvatsaraala puraatana namoonaalalo okadaanilo african-nirdishta mitochondrial haplogroup undatam maddatu istundi.
praantiiya janyu avalokanam.
uttara africa.
puraatana maanava DNA.
africa velupala aafrikanlu kanivarilo denisovan mariyu neanderthal puurveekulu marinta khachitamgaa unnappatikee, aafrikanlalo puraatana maanava puurveekulu takkuva khachitamainavaaru mariyu khachitamgaa sthaapinchabadatam chaalaa tondaragaa undhi.
puraatana dna.
eejipt.
khnum-aaa, khnum-nakht, nakht-ankh mariyu jeke2911 maatru haplogroup emm1eah1 nuu kaligi unnaayi.
jejehutinakht (10yea) maatru haplogroup yuu5bii2bii5nuu mosukelladu. jeke2888 maatru haplogroup yuu6eah2nuu mosukelladu.
tuya, tiye, tutankhamen talli, mariyu tutankhamen maatru haplogroup k nii mosukellaru.
jeke2134 maatru haplogroup zhe1డii mariyu jeke2887 maatru haplogroup zhe2eah1eah1nii kaligi unnaayi.
amenhotep III, akhenaten mariyu tutankhamen pitru haplogroup aarr1bini mosukellaru.
ramesses III mariyu "teliyani manishi ii", bahusha pentaver, pitru haplogroup e1b1a nuu kaligi undevaaru.
jeke2134 mariyu jeke2911 pitru haplogroup zhe nuu kaligi unnaayi.
takaabuti talli haplogroup hetch4yea1 mariyu ym kmm 63 talli haplogroup hechvini mosukelledi.
omha kmm a 64 talli haplogroup t2c1a nuu kaligi undhi.
jeke2888 pitru haplogroup e1b1b1a1b2 nuu kaligi undhi.
libia.
libialoni takar koori rock shelter vadda, madhya matasambandha kaalam (7000 bipi) naati iddaru sahajamgaa mummified mahilalu, besal maatru haplogroup enn.
moraco.
vaan dii lorsdrecht mariyu itarulu. (2018) moraco yokka tafforalts yokka edu namoonaalalo, 15,100 calory bipi mariyu 13,900 calory bipi madhya unna radiocarbon, aaru maatru haplogroup yuu6enu kaligi unnatlu kanugonabadindi, mariyu okati maatru haplogroup emm1bini kaligi unnatlu kanugonabadindi. aruguru magavaarilo aruguru tandrula haplogroup e1b1bnii kaligi unnatlu kanugonabadindi. vaaru 63.5% natufian-sambandhita puurveekulu mariyu 36.5% upa-sahara african-sambandhita puurveekulaku aasrayam kalpinchinatlu kanugonabadindi. upa-sahara bhaganni yoruba mariyu mende vanti aadhunika paschima african samuuhaalu chaalaa balamgaa roopondinchaayi. namuunaalu dakshina, madhya mariyu thoorpu african bahya samuuhaalatoe adanapu anubandhaanni kaligi unnaayi, veetini telisina puraatana ledhaa aadhunika janabha vivarinchaleru. african mariyu paschima eurasian janabha yokka pradhana bhagala vislaeshanha graphlo anchanaa vesinappudu, tafforalt vyaktulu prastuta uttara aafrikanla madhya madhyantara sthithilo oka pratyaekamaina samuuhaanni yerparustaaru.zii., amazighes (berbers), mosabites mariyu saharavis] mariyu thoorpu aafrikanlu (udhaa.zii., phaars, oromos mariyu somalis). jiong (2020), iberomaracian samskrutilooni tafforalt prajalanu aadhunika janaabhaato polchinappudu, tafforalt yokka upa-sahara african janyu bhaganni aadhunika paschima aafrikanlu (udhaa.zii., yoruba).
mitochondrial dna.
holocene kaalamlo, 8000 bp loe holocene vaataavaranam vaanchaneeyathatho sahaa, haplogroup l2 kaligina aafrikanlu paschima aafrikaalo vyaapinchaaru mariyu haplogroup l3 kaligina aafrikanlu thoorpu aafrikaalo vyaapinchaaru. africa nundi valasala taruvaata atipedda valasalalo, upa-sahara africa nundi uttara africa vaipu valasalu paschima aafrikanlu, madhya aafrikanlu mariyu thoorpu aafrikanlu sambhavinchaayi, phalitamgaa eurup mariyu aasiyaaloki valasalu jarigaayi; tatphalitamgaa, upa-sahara african mitochondrial dna airopa mariyu aasiyaaloki pravesapettabadindi. holocene prarambha kaalamlo, sub-sahara african mitochondrial dnalo 50 saatam uttara aafrikaalo paschima aafrikanlu pravesapettaaru, migilina 50 saatam thoorpu aafrikanlu pravesapettaaru. aadhunika kaalamlo, thoorpu aafrikanla kante ekkuva mandhi paschima aafrikanlu uttara aafrikaalo upa-sahara african mitochondrial dnnu pravesapettaaru.
mitochondrial haplogrouplu l3, m, mariyu n luu sudanese prajalalo kanipistaayi (udhaa.zii., beja, nilotics, neuba, nubianlu), telisina paraspara charya laenivaaru (udhaa.zii.airopavasulu ledhaa aasiyanlatho valasa/misramam yokka charitra; africa velupala valasa sandarbhamlo abhivruddhi chendadaaniki badulugaa, mitochondrial macrohaplogroup l3/m/n mariyu daani tadupari abhivruddhi pratyaekamaina mitochondrial haplogrouplu (udhaa.zii.haplogroup ell3, haplogroup emm, haplogroup enn) thoorpu aafrikaalo 50,000 bipi africa velupala valasa sanghatanaku gananeeyamgaa mundu sambhavinchi undavacchu.
vaidya dna.
saadhaaranamgaa anusaranaku guraina aafrikanla janyuvulu regulatory dna, mariyu aafrikanlalo kanipinche anusarana yokka aneka sandarbhaalu aaharam, sareeradharma shaastram mariyu vyadhikaaraka kaarakaala nundi parinaamaatmaka ottillaku sambandhinchinavi.
lactase sthirathvam.
eshaanya africa mariyu sameepa thoorpulo nivasinchina neolithic vyavasaayadaarulu,-13910 * teatho sahaa lactase sthirathvam vaividhyaalaku muula janabha ayi undavacchu, taruvaata prajala valasala dwara bharti cheyabadi undavacchu. eee kotta raathi vyavasaayavettala vaarasulu ayina upa-sahara paschima african phulani, uttara african tuvereg mariyu european vyavasaayadaarulu, lactase sthirathvam roopaantaram-13910 * t nuu panchukuntaaru. phulani mariyu tuvereg pasuvula kaaparulu panchukunnappatiki, tuvereg vaeriyanttoe poliste,-13910 * tii yokka phulani variant ekkuva kaalam haplotype bhedaaniki guraindi. phulani lactase sthirathvam roopaantaram-13910 * tii pasuvula pasuvula pempakamtho paatu, 9686 bipi mariyu 7534 bipi madhya, bahusha 8500 bipi madhya vyaapinchi undavacchu; phulani kosam eee kaalaparimitini dhruveekaristuu, kaneesam 7500 bipi dwara, madhya saharalo paalinche charyalo pasuvula kaaparulu nimagnamainatlu aadharalu unnaayi.
paschima africa.
puraatana maanava DNA.
paschima aafrikaaloni maanava silaajaalalo kanipinche puraatana lakshanaalu (udhaa.zii., 13,000 bipi naati iho eleru silaajaalu) mariyu madhya africa (udhaa.zii.25, 000 bipi mariyu 20,000 bipi madhya kaalaaniki chendina ishango silaajaalu puraatana maanavulu mariyu aadhunika maanavula madhya misramam phalitamgaa abhivruddhi chendhi undavacchu ledhaa aalasyamgaa konasagutunna prarambha aadhunika manavulaku saakshyamgaa undavacchu. africa velupala aafrikanlu kanivarilo denisovan mariyu neanderthal puurveekulu marinta khachitamgaa unnappatikee, aafrikanlalo puraatana maanava puurveekulu takkuva khachitamainavaaru mariyu khachitamgaa sthaapinchabadatam chaalaa tondaragaa undhi.
puraatana dna.
2017 natiki, paschima africa praantamloo maanava puraatana DNA kanugonabadaledu. 2020 natiki, paschima africa praantamloo maanava puraatana dna munduku raaledu.
4000 bipi loe, africa nundi prayaaninchina janabha undavacchu (udhaa.zii., paschima africa ledhaa paschima-madhya africa), gibraulter jalasandhi dwara, iberian dveepakalpamloki, ikkada aafrikanlu mariyu iberianla madhya kalayika (udhaa.zii., uttara portugal, dakshina speyin) loe jarigindi.
granadalo, cardoba califet yokka muslim (moor), haplogrouplaku chendinavaadu e1b1a1 mariyu h 1+16189, alaage 900 CE mariyu 1000 CE madhya kaalaaniki chendinavaadu, mariyu haplogroup l2e1 kii chendina oka morisco, alaage 1500 CE mariyu 1600 CE madhya kaalaaniki chendinavaadu, iddaroo sub-sahara paschima african (i.ii., gambian) mariyu iberian santati vaaru.
vai-chromosomal dna.
mugguru nigerian purushulalo kanipinche haplogroup dii yokka besal saakha ayina haplogroup dii0 phalitamgaa, haplogroup dii, alaage daani upa vamsaalu dii0 mariyu ii, aafrikaalo udbhavinchi undavacchu.
19, 000 samvatsaraala kritam natiki, aafrikanlu, haplogroup e1b1a-v38 kaligi, thoorpu nundi padmara varaku sahara gundaa prayaaninchi undavacchu. e1b1a1-m2 bahusha paschima africa ledhaa madhya aafrikaalo udbhavinchindi.
mitochondrial dna.
75, 000 bipi mariyu 60,000 bipi madhya, haplogroup ell3 kaligina aafrikanlu thoorpu aafrikaalo udbhavinchaaru mariyu chivariki aadhunika paschima aafrikanlu, madhya aafrikanlu mariyu aafrikanlu kanivarilo valasa vacchaaru. holocene kaalamlo, 8000 bp loe holocene vaataavaranam vaanchaneeyathatho sahaa, haplogroup l2 kaligina aafrikanlu paschima aafrikaalo vyaapinchaaru mariyu haplogroup l3 kaligina aafrikanlu thoorpu aafrikaalo vyaapinchaaru. africa nundi valasala taruvaata atipedda valasalalo, upa-sahara africa nundi uttara africa vaipu valasalu paschima aafrikanlu, madhya aafrikanlu mariyu thoorpu aafrikanlu sambhavinchaayi, phalitamgaa eurup mariyu aasiyaaloki valasalu jarigaayi; tatphalitamgaa, upa-sahara african mitochondrial dna airopa mariyu aasiyaaloki pravesapettabadindi. holocene prarambha kaalamlo, sub-sahara african mitochondrial dnalo 50 saatam uttara aafrikaalo paschima aafrikanlu pravesapettaaru, migilina 50 saatam thoorpu aafrikanlu pravesapettaaru. aadhunika kaalamlo, thoorpu aafrikanla kante ekkuva mandhi paschima aafrikanlu uttara aafrikaalo upa-sahara african mitochondrial dnnu pravesapettaaru. 15, 000 bipi mariyu 7000 bipi madhya, upa-sahara african mitochondrial dnalo 86 saatam nairuti asealo thoorpu aafrikanlu pravesapettaaru, ekkuvagaa arabia praantamloo, idhi aadhunika nairuti aasiyaaloni upa-sahara african mitochondrial dnalo 50 saatam. aadhunika kaalamlo, upa-sahara african mitochondrial dnalo 68 saatam thoorpu aafrikanlu mariyu 22 saatam paschima aafrikanlu pravesapettaaru, idhi aadhunika nairuti asealo upa-sahara african mitochondrial dnalo 50 saatam. holocene prarambha kaalamlo, upa-sahara african mitochondrial dna airopaloki pravesapettabadindi, ekkuvagaa iberialo. paschima aafrikanlu bahusha sahelian africa, uttara africa, gibraulter jalasandhi meedugaa airopaloki valasa vacchi, sub-sahara african mitochondrial dnalo 63 saatam pravesapettaaru. aadhunika kaalamlo, paschima aafrikanlu 75 saatam sub-sahara african mitochondrial dnnu iberia mariyu airopaloni itara praantaalloki, bahusha samudra prayaanaala dwara pravesapettaaru.
sumaru 18,000 bipi, mende prajalu, gambian prajalatho paatu, janabha parimaanamlo perigaaru.
15, 000 bipi loe, niger-kango matladevaru paschima aafrikaaloni sahelian praantam nundi, senegal nadhi venta valasa vacchi, uttara aafrikaalo ell2eah1 nuu pravesapettaaru, phalitamgaa aadhunika mauritanian prajalu mariyu tunisialoni berberlu daanini vaarasatvamgaa pondaaru.
11, 000 bipi mariyu 10,000 bipi madhya, yoruba prajalu mariyu essan prajalu janabha parimaanamlo perigaaru.
11, 000 samvatsaraala kritam, upa-sahara paschima aafrikanlu, sthuula samuuhaanni kaligi unnaaru (udhaa.zii., l1b1a11, l1b1a6a, l1b1a8, l1b1a9a1, l2a1k, l3d1b1a), uttara africa gundaa mariyu airopaloki, ekkuvagaa dakshina airopaloki (udhaa.zii., iberia).
autosomal dna.
holocene prarambha kaalamlo, cree. puu. 9000 loe, khoisan-sambandhita prajalu bahusha paschima saharalo igbo prajala puurveekulatoo kalisipooyaaru.
2000 bipi mariyu 1500 bipi madhya, nilo-sahara matladevaru sahel antataa, thoorpu africa nundi paschima aafrikaaloki valasa vacchi, niger-kango matlade berom prajalatho kalisipoyi undavacchu. cree. sha. 710 loe, paschima african-sambandhita janabha (udhaa.zii.niger-kango matlade berom prajalu, baantu-matladevaru) mariyu thoorpu african sambandhita janabha (nilo-sahara matlade ethiopians, nilo-sahara matlade chaadiyanlu) uttara nigeria mariyu uttara cameroonlalo okaritho okaru kalisipooyaaru.
fyaan mariyu itarulu. (2019) thoorpu aafrikaaloni vivikta afro-asiatic matlade samuuhaalatoe, mukhyamgaa aari prajalu vanti omotic matlade vaaritho phulani prajalu janyu anubandhaanni chuuputunnaarani kanugonnaru. fulaaneelu daadaapu pratyaekamaina swadeshi african puurveekulanu kaligi undagaa (paschima mariyu thoorpu african puurveekulachae nirvachinchabadindi), vaaru paschima-eurasian lanty misramam yokka jadalanu kooda chuuputaaru, uttara ledhaa thoorpu aafrikaalo ekkado oka puurveekula maatrubhoomiki maddatu istaaru, mariyu kotta raathi samayamlo paschima disagaa vistarana, bahusha paschima-eurasian-sambandhita samuuhaala raaka mariyu vistarana kaaranamgaa. fyaan mariyu itarulu. (2023) 50 saatam amhara-sambandhita mariyu 50 saatam tikari-sambandhita puurveekulu, alaage paschima africa, madhya africa mariyu sudaanlanu sanchaara pasuvula kaparuluga aakraminchina praantaalanu kaligi unna fulaaneelu praarambhamlo african-asea matladevaru ayi undavacchu, taruvaata vaaru bhasha pratyaamnaayaaniki gurayyaru mariyu niger-kango matladevaru ayyaru.
vaidya dna.
saadhaaranamgaa anusaranaku guraina aafrikanla janyuvulu regulatory dna, mariyu aafrikanlalo kanipinche anusarana yokka aneka sandarbhaalu aaharam, sareeradharma shaastram mariyu vyadhikaaraka kaarakaala nundi parinaamaatmaka ottillaku sambandhinchinavi. upa-sahara africa antataa, janyu anusarana (udhaa.zii.upa-sahara aafrikanlalo malaria, rs334 mutation, duffy blood group, zii6pidi lopam, sikil sell vyaadhi) perigindi, ivi praarambhamlo 7300 bipi loe abhivruddhi chendhi undavacchu. upa-sahara aafrikanlu 90 saataaniki paiga duffy-null janyuroopaanni kaligi unnaaru.
pediculus.
raagi yugam mariyu puraatana izrael yokka prarambha islaamik yugamlo, paschima aafrikanlu puraatana ijraayelku valasa vacchi paschima africa nundi thala paenuni pravesapettaaru.
sikil sell.
aakupaccha saharalo, sikil sell yokka utparivartana saharalo ledhaa paschima madhya aafrikaaloni vaayuvya atavee praantamloo udbhavinchindi (udhaa.zii., camera) kaneesam 7,300 samvatsaraala kritam, bahusha 22,000 samvatsaraala kritam. puurveekula sikil sell haplotype nundi aadhunika haplotypes (udhaa.zii., cameroon/central african republic mariyu benin/senegal haplotypes) aadhunika paschima aafrikanla puurveekulaloo modata udbhavinchi undavacchu, haplogrouplu e1b1a1-l485 mariyu e1b1a1-u175 ledhaa vaari puurveekula haplogroup e1b1a1-m4732. paschima aafrikanlu (udhaa.zii.benin sikil sell haplotypenu kaligi unna nigeriaku chendina yoruba mariyu essan), aafrikaaloni eshaanya praantam gundaa arabia yokka paschima praantaaniki valasa vacchi undavacchu. paschima aafrikanlu (udhaa.zii.senegal sikil sell haplotype kaligi unna mende off sierra leone), mauritania (77 saatam aadhunika sambhavinche raetu) mariyu senegal (100%) loki valasa vacchi undavacchu; vaaru sahara antataa, uttara aafrikaaloki, mariyu uttara africa nundi, dakshina airopa, turkey mariyu uttara iraq mariyu dakshina tarkeeki sameepamlo unna praantaaniki kooda valasa vacchi undavacchu. kondaru senegal mariyu benin sikil sell haplotypesnu iraaklooni basraalo pravesapetti undavacchu, ikkada rendoo samanamga sambhavistaayi. benin sikil sell haplotype kaligi unna paschima aafrikanlu iraq (69.5%), jordan (80 saatam), lebanon (73 saatam), oman (52.1%), eejipt (80.8%) uttara praantaalaku valasa vacchi undavacchu.
skistosomes.
steverding (2020) prakaram, khachitamainadi kanappatiki african goppa sarassulaku sameepamlo, skistosomelu (udhaa.zii., ess. mansoni, ess. hematobium) parinaamaaniki guraindi. taruvaata, nail nadhi venta vistarana jarigindi. eejipt nundi, valasa vacchina yoruba prajala dwara skistosomla uniki paschima aafrikaaloki vistarinchi undavacchu. aaa taruvaata, skistosomelu valasa baantu prajala dwara, migilina upa-sahara aafrikaaloki vistarinchi undavacchu (udhaa.zii., dakshina africa, madhya africa).
talassemia.
caravans teesukunna maargaala dwara, ledhaa almoverid kaalam madhya prayaanam dwara, janabha (udhaa.zii.upa-sahara paschima aafrikanlu)-29 (a → g) β-talassemia mutationnu (african-americanlalo gananeeyamaina mottamlo kanipinchedi) uttara african praantamaina moraco loki pravesapetti undavacchu.
pempudu jantuvula DNA.
niger-kango valasalu paschima africa nundi cordophan loki, bahusha cordophan, sudan, niger-kango matlade vaaritho paatu pempudu jantuvulu laeni sirastraanam gala guineafouls nundi, paschima aafrikaaloki prayaaninchi undavacchu, 3000 BCE natiki sirastraanam gala gineafoulsnu pempakam chesi undavacchu, mariyu baantu vistarana dwara, upa-sahara aafrikaaloni itara praantaalaku (udhaa.zii., madhya africa, thoorpu africa, dakshina africa).
madhya africa.
puraatana maanava DNA.
paschima aafrikaaloni maanava silaajaalalo kanipinche puraatana lakshanaalu (udhaa.zii., 13,000 bipi naati iho eleru silaajaalu) mariyu madhya africa (udhaa.zii.25, 000 bipi mariyu 20,000 bipi madhya kaalaaniki chendina ishango silaajaalu puraatana maanavulu mariyu aadhunika maanavula madhya misramam phalitamgaa abhivruddhi chendhi undavacchu ledhaa aalasyamgaa konasagutunna prarambha aadhunika manavulaku saakshyamgaa undavacchu. africa velupala aafrikanlu kanivarilo denisovan mariyu neanderthal puurveekulu marinta khachitamgaa unnappatikee, aafrikanlalo puraatana maanava puurveekulu takkuva khachitamainavaaru mariyu khachitamgaa sthaapinchabadatam chaalaa tondaragaa undhi.
puraatana dna.
4000 bipi loe, africa nundi prayaaninchina janabha undavacchu (udhaa.zii., paschima africa ledhaa paschima-madhya africa), gibraulter jalasandhi dwara, iberian dveepakalpamloki, ikkada aafrikanlu mariyu iberianla madhya kalayika (udhaa.zii., uttara portugal, dakshina speyin) loe jarigindi.
camera.
paschima madhya africa praantamloo paschima african vetagallu-sekarinchevaaru (udhaa.zii.shum laca, camera), mukhyamgaa 8000 bipi mariyu 3000 bipi madhya, aadhunika madhya african vetagaallato (udhaa.zii., baakaa, bakola, bika, bedjan).
kango prajaasvaamya ganatantram.
kango prajaasvaamya ganatantramlo kindokilo, protohystoric kaalam (230 bipi, 150 bipi, 230 bipi) naati mugguru vyaktulu unnaaru; okaru haplogrouplanu e1b1a1a1d1a2 (e-ts99, e-ts99) mariyu l1c3a1b kaligi unnaaru, marokaru haplogroup e (e-m96, e-pf1620) kaligi unnaaru, mariyu chivari vaaru haplogrouplanu r1b1 (r-p251, r-m415) mariyu l0a1b1a1 kaligi unnaaru.
kango prajaasvaamya ganatantramlo, engongo mabatalo, protohystoric kaalam (220 bipi) naati oka vyakti, haplogroup ell1sii3enu mosukelladu.
kango prajaasvaamya ganatantramlo vaayuvya disalo maatamgai turu vadda, inupa yuganiki chendina (750 bipi) oka vyakti, nirnayinchani haplogroup (lanu) nuu mosukelladu.
vai-chromosomal dna.
haplogroup aarr-vii88 paschima madhya aafrikaalo udbhavinchi undavacchu (udhaa.zii.bhoomadhyarekha gini), mariyu, holocene madhyalo, janabha valasala dwara uttara africaku cherukundi.
mitochondrial dna.
150, 000 bipi loe, aafrikanlu (udhaa.zii.madhya aafrikanlu, thoorpu aafrikanlu) haplogroup l1 kaligi unnaaru. 75, 000 bipi mariyu 60,000 bipi madhya, haplogroup ell3 kaligina aafrikanlu thoorpu aafrikaalo udbhavinchaaru mariyu chivariki aadhunika paschima aafrikanlu, madhya aafrikanlu mariyu aafrikanlu kanivarilo valasa vacchaaru. holocene kaalamlo, 8000 bp loe holocene vaataavaranam vaanchaneeyathatho sahaa, haplogroup l2 kaligina aafrikanlu paschima aafrikaalo vyaapinchaaru mariyu haplogroup l3 kaligina aafrikanlu thoorpu aafrikaalo vyaapinchaaru. africa nundi valasala taruvaata atipedda valasalalo, upa-sahara africa nundi uttara africa vaipu valasalu paschima aafrikanlu, madhya aafrikanlu mariyu thoorpu aafrikanlu sambhavinchaayi, phalitamgaa eurup mariyu aasiyaaloki valasalu jarigaayi; tatphalitamgaa, upa-sahara african mitochondrial dna airopa mariyu aasiyaaloki pravesapettabadindi.
mitochondrial haplogroup ell1sii pigmeestho, mukhyamgaa bambenga samuuhaalatoe balamgaa sambandham kaligi untundi. ell1sii praabalyam vividha rakaluga nivedinchabadindih baa-kolaalo 100%, akaa (baa-benzele) loe 97 saatam, mariyu bayakalo 77 saatam, bedjan (tikar) loe 100%, gaban mariyu cameroonloni baakaa prajalalo 97 saatam mariyu 100%, bakoyalo 97 saatam (97 saatam), mariyu baa-bongolo 82 saatam. baambuteelalo mitochondrial haplogrouplu l2a mariyu l0a prabalamgaa unnaayi.
autosomal dna.
janyuparamgaa, african pigmeelu vatiki mariyu baantu prajalaku madhya konni mukhya vyatyaasaalanu kaligi untaayi.
vaidya dna.
itara upa-sahara african janaabhaato polchinappudu, african pigmi janabha maanava perugudala harmon kosam janyuvula encoding asadhaaranamgaa takkuva sthaayi vyakteekarananu pradarsistundani mariyu insulin-vanti perugudala karakam-1 mariyu takkuva sthaayi seeram sthaayilatho anubandhinchabadina daani grahakanni pradarsistundani aadharalu suuchistunnaayi.
saadhaaranamgaa anusaranaku guraina aafrikanla janyuvulu regulatory dna, mariyu aafrikanlalo kanipinche anusarana yokka aneka sandarbhaalu aaharam, sareeradharma shaastram mariyu vyadhikaaraka kaarakaala nundi parinaamaatmaka ottillaku sambandhinchinavi. upa-sahara africa antataa, janyu anusarana (udhaa.zii.upa-sahara aafrikanlalo malaria, rs334 mutation, duffy blood group, zii6pidi lopam, sikil sell vyaadhi) perigindi, ivi praarambhamlo 7300 bipi loe abhivruddhi chendhi undavacchu. upa-sahara aafrikanlu 90 saataaniki paiga duffy-null janyuroopaanni kaligi unnaaru. madhya aafrikaaloni varshaaranyaalalo, etthu-sambandhita kaarakaalaku janyu anusarana (udhaa.zii.roganirodhaka lakshanaalu, punarutpatti, thyroid paniteeru) mariyu takkuva etthu (udhaa.zii.varshaaranya vetagallalo ehb1 mariyu prdm5-emuka samslaeshanha; abscan mariyu cox10-kandaraala abhivruddhi; hex1 mariyu asb14-petutory grandhi yokka perugudala harmon utpatti/sraavam) kanugonabaddayi. 
thoorpu africa.
kenya mariyu tanzania praantam nundi dakshinaafrikaa varaku, thoorpu baantu matlade aafrikanlu uttaram nundi dakshina janyu clinega untaaru; adanamgaa, thoorpu africa nundi dakshina africa vaipu varaku, janyu sajaateeyataku sambandhinchina aadharalu baantu valasa dakshinaafrikaaloki vistarinche samayaniki baantu matlade aafrikanlu mariyu itara african janabha madhya jarigina varusa vyavasthaapaka prabhavam mariyu mishrama sanghatanalanu suuchistaayi.
puraatana maanava DNA.
africa velupala aafrikanlu kanivarilo denisovan mariyu neanderthal puurveekulu marinta khachitamgaa unnappatikee, aafrikanlalo puraatana maanava puurveekulu takkuva khachitamainavaaru mariyu khachitamgaa sthaapinchabadatam chaalaa tondaragaa undhi.
puraatana dna.
ethiopia.
motaalo, ethiopialo, 5va sahasraabdi bipi varaku anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogrouplu e1b1 mariyu l3x2a lanu mosukelladu. motaa yokka vyakti janyuparamgaa motaa praantaaniki sameepamlo nivasinche samuuhaalatoe sambandham kaligi untaaru, mariyu mukhyamgaa, janyuparamgaa aari prajalatho, mukhyamgaa aaa samuuhamlooni kammari kulamtho gananeeyamgaa sambandham kaligi untaaru.
kenya.
kenyaalooni kisumu kounteelooni javuvoyo rock shelter vadda, taruvaati raathi yuganiki chendina oka vaetagaadu haplogrouplanu e1b1b1a1b2/e-v22 mariyu l4b2a2c lanu mosukelladu.
kenya looni nanderuwa kounteelooni oll kalau vadda, matasambandhamaina neolithic yokka matasambandhamaina pasuvaidyudu haplogrouplanu e1b1b1b2b2a1/e-m293 mariyu l3d1d lanu teesukuvellaadu.
kenyaalooni marsabit kounteelooni kokurmatakore vadda, matasambandhamaina inupa yuganiki chendina oka pasupaalakulu e1b1b1/e-m35 mariyu l3a2a anae haplogrouplanu mosukellaru.
kenyaalooni homa bay counteeloo white rock point vadda, taruvaati raathi yuganiki chendina iddaru vetagallu unnaaru; okaru haplogrouplu bt (xct), bahusha b, mariyu l2a4, mariyu marokaru bahusha haplogroup l0a2 nuu kaligi unnaaru.
kenyaalooni nyaarindi rock shelter vadda, taruvaati raathi yuganiki chendina (3500 bipi) iddaru vyaktulu unnaaru; okaru haplogroup ell4bii2enu mariyu marokaru haplogroup ii (ii-emm96, ii-pii162) nuu kaligi unnaaru.
kenyaalooni lukenya konda vadda, matasambandhamaina neolithic (3500 bipi) naati iddaru vyaktulu unnaaru; okaru haplogrouplanu e1b1b1b2b (e-m293, e-ts10880) mariyu l4b2a2b, mariyu marokaru haplogroup l0f1 nuu mosukellaru.
hyrox konda vadda, kenyaalo, matasambandhamaina neolithic (2300 bipi) naati oka vyakti, haplogrouplanu e1b1b1b2b (e-m293, e-m293) mariyu l5a1b lanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni molo guhalo, matasambandhamaina noothana silaayugaaniki chendina (1500 bipi) iddaru vyaktulu unnaaru; okadaaniki haplogrouplu nirnayinchabadaledu, marokati haplogrouplu e1b1b1b2b (e-m293, e-m293) mariyu l3h1a2a1 kaligi undhi.
kenyaalooni kakapel vadda mugguru vyaktulu unnaaru, okaru taruvaati raathi yuganiki chendinavaaru (3900 bipi) mariyu iddaru taruvaati inupa yuganiki chendinavaaru (300 bipi, 900 bipi); okaru haplogrouplanu siti (siti-emm168, siti-emm5695) mariyu ell3ii1, marokaru haplogroup ell2eah1eahph, mariyu chivaridi haplogroup ell2eah5 kaligi unnaaru.
kenyaalo, 496 bipi mariyu 322 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, pangaa yaa saidi vadda, haplogrouplu e1b1b1b2 mariyu l4b2a2 lanu mosukelladu.
kilafi.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l3b1a1a nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l0a1b2a nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, zhe1eah2eah1eah2dii2bii ~ mariyu ell3ii3eah haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l3b1a11 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l3b1a1 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, zhe1eah2eah1eah2dii2bii ~ mariyu ell0eah2eah1eah2 haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, zhe1eah2eah1eah2dii2bii ~ mariyu ell2eah1eah haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, zhe1eah2eah1eah2 mariyu ell3eff1bii1eah1 anae haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l3b1a1a nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti haplogroup l0a2 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l3f1b4a1 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell3eee3 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l0a2a2a1 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, zhe mariyu ell3bii1eah1 haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l1b1a nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l2a1f1 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1250 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l3b1a + @16124 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1200 mariyu cree. sha. 1450 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, e1b1b mariyu l0a2a2a anae haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1200 CE mariyu 1450 CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, e1b1b1b2a1a1a1a1a1f ~ mariyu l0a2a2a vanti haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1200 mariyu cree. sha. 1450 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, zhe1eah2eah1eah2dii2bii ~ mariyu ell0eah2eah2eah haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1200 mariyu cree. sha. 1450 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup m30d1 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1200 mariyu cree. sha. 1450 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l0a2a2a nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1200 mariyu cree. sha. 1450 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l0a1b1a nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1226 kyaal ce mariyu 1297 kyaal ce madhya thedhee gala oka vyakti, zhe1eah2eah1eah2dii2bii ~ mariyu emm30dii1 haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1323 kaalla CE mariyu 1423 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, e1b1b mariyu l0d3 haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1350 mariyu cree. sha. 1500 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l1c3a1b nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1400 mariyu cree. sha. 1650 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, zhe1eah2eah1eah2 mariyu ell3ii3eah haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1408 kelareelu CE mariyu 1442 kelareelu CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l0a2a1a2 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1424 kelareelu CE mariyu 1457 kelareelu CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l3a2 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1435 kaalla CE mariyu 1469 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, zhe mariyu ell3dii1eah haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1435 kaalla CE mariyu 1479 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, zhe1eah2eah1eah2dii2bii ~ mariyu ell0eah2eah2eah haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1442 kaalla CE mariyu 1612 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, zhe1 mariyu ell0yea1bii1eah haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1445 kaalla CE mariyu 1609 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, r1a1a1 mariyu l3b1a1a anae haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1446 kyaal ce mariyu 1611 kyaal ce madhya thedhee gala oka vyakti, zhe1eah2eah1eah2dii2bii ~ mariyu ell3dii1eah1eah haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1446 kyaal ce mariyu 1614 kyaal ce madhya thedhee gala oka vyakti, r1a1a1 mariyu l3e1d1 haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1446 kyaal ce mariyu 1623 kyaal ce madhya thedhee gala oka vyakti, zhe1eah2eah1eah2dii2bii ~ mariyu ell1bii1eah haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, cree. sha. 1450 mariyu cree. sha. 1700 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, zhe2eah1eah1eah2eah2bii mariyu ell0eah2eah1eah2 anae haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1451 kaalla CE mariyu 1619 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, zhe1 mariyu ell3eee3eah haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1454 kelareelu CE mariyu 1623 kelareelu CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l3f1b1a1 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1457 kaalla CE mariyu 1626 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l2a1b1a nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1496 kaalla CE mariyu 1630 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l1c3a1b nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1497 kyaal ce mariyu 1640 kyaal ce madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell2eah 1'2'3 '4 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni mtwapa looni kiliphi vadda, 1508 kelareelu CE mariyu 1654 kelareelu CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti haplogroup r 0+16189 nuu mosukelladu.
lykipia county.
kenyaalooni lykipia kounteelooni kisima phaam/mullapandu guhalo, matasambandhamaina neolithic yokka iddaru pasupaalakulu unnaaru; okaru haplogrouplanu e1b1b1b2b2a1/e-m293 mariyu m1a1, mariyu marokaru haplogroup m1a1f nuu mosukellaru.
lykipia kounteelooni kisima phaam/sii4 vadda, pasuvula inupa yuganiki chendina matasambandhamaina pasuvaidyudu kenya, haplogrouplanu ii2 (xe2b)/ii-emm75 mariyu ell3hetch1eah1 lanu mosukelladu.
lykipia kounteelooni lykipia jilla khananam vadda, kenya, matasambandhamaina inupa yuganiki chendina oka matasambandhudu haplogroup l0a1c1 nuu mosukelladu.
laamu.
kenyaalooni laamu, manda vadda, cree. sha. 800 mariyu cree. sha. 1500 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l3d1a1a nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni laamu, manda vadda, cree. sha. 1400 mariyu cree. sha. 1700 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, zhe2 mariyu ell2dii1eah haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni laamu, manda vadda, cree. sha. 1400 mariyu cree. sha. 1700 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell2dii1enu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni laamu, manda vadda, 1437 kaalla CE mariyu 1482 kaalla CE madhya naati oka vyakti, haplogroup l2a1b1 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni laamu, manda vadda, 1456 kaalla CE mariyu 1621 kaalla CE madhya naati oka vyakti, haplogroup l2d1a nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni laamu, manda vadda, 1456 kaalla CE mariyu 1621 kaalla CE madhya naati oka vyakti, haplogroup J2 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni laamu, manda vadda, 1457 kaalla CE mariyu 1626 kaalla CE madhya naati oka vyakti, haplogrouplanu j2b2a2 ~ mariyu l2d1a nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni laamu, manda vadda, 1485 kaalla CE mariyu 1629 kaalla CE madhya naati oka vyakti, haplogrouplu g2a mariyu l3e3a lanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni payte dveepamlooni faza looni laamu vadda, cree. sha. 1500 mariyu cree. sha. 1700 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, e1b1a1a1a2a1a mariyu l3e3a anae haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
nakuru county.
kenyaalooni nakuru kounteelooni pretezones galliiloo, prarambha matasambandha kaalaaniki chendina iddaru matasambandhulu undevaaru; okaru haplogrouplu e2 (xe2b)/e-m75 mariyu k1a, mariyu marokaru haplogroup l3f1b nuu kaligi undevaaru.
kenya looni nakuru counteeloo kole khananam samayamlo, matasambandhamaina noothanashilaayugam yokka matasambandhamaina pasuvaidyudu e1b1b1a1a1b1/e-cts3282 mariyu l3i2 anae haplogrouplanu teesukuvellaadu.
kenyaalooni nakuru kounteelooni rigo guhalo, matasambandhamaina neolithic/elmentiton yokka mugguru pasupaalakulu unnaaru, okaru haplogrouplanu e1b1b1b2b2a1/e-m293 mariyu l3f, marokaru haplogrouplanu e1b1b1b2b2/e-v1486, bahusha e-m293, mariyu bahusha m1a1b, mariyu chivari vaaru haplogrouplanu e1b1b1b2b2a1/e-m293 mariyu l4b2a2c kaligi unnaaru.
kenyaalooni nakuru kounteelooni naishi rock shelterlo, matasambandhamaina kotta raathi kaalaaniki chendina iddaru pasupaalakulu unnaaru; okaru haplogrouplanu e1b1b1b2b/e-v1515, bahusha e-m293, mariyu l3x1a, mariyu marokaru haplogrouplanu a1b (xa1b1b2a)/a-p108 mariyu l0a2d kaligi unnaaru.
kenya, nakuru kounteelooni kerringet guhalo, matasambandhamaina noothana silaayugaaniki chendina oka matasambandhudu a1b1b2/a-l427 mariyu l4b2a1 haplogrouplanu teesukuvellaadu, mariyu matasambandhamaina noothana silaayugaaniki chendina maroka matasambandhudu/elmentiton haplogroup k1a nuu teesukuvellaadu.
kenyaalooni nakuru kounteelooni naivasha khananam sthalamlo, matasambandhamaina noothana silaayugaaniki chendina aiduguru pasupaalakulu unnaaru; okaru haplogroup l4b2a2b, marokaru haplogroup xbt, bahusha a, mariyu m1a1b, marokaru haplogroup e1b1b1b2b2a1/e-m293 mariyu l3h1a1, marokaru haplogroup a1b1b2b/a-m13 mariyu l4a1, mariyu chivari haplogroup e1b1b2b2a1/e-m293 mariyu l3x1a.
nakuru kounteelooni njoro nadhi guha II vadda, kenya, matasambandhamaina noothana silaayugaaniki chendina oka pasupaalakulu haplogroup l3h1a2a1 nuu mosukellaru.
kenyaalooni nakuru kounteelooni egerton guhalo, matasambandhamaina neolithic/elmentiton yokka matasambandhamaina pasuvaidyudu haplogroup l0a1d nuu mosukelladu.
kenya looni nakuru kounteelooni ilkek dibbala vadda, matasambandhamaina inupa yuganiki chendina oka pasupaalakulu haplogrouplu e2 (xe2b)/e-m75 mariyu l0f2a lanu mosukellaru.
kenya looni nakuru kounteelooni delorine polamlo, inupa yuganiki chendina oka inupa loha shaastravetta e1b1a1a1a1a/e-m58 mariyu l5b1 anae haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
narok county.
kenyaalooni narok kounteelooni cassiol 2 vadda, matasambandhamaina inupa yuganiki chendina oka matasambandhudu e1b1b1b2b/e-v1515, bahusha e-m293, mariyu l3h1a2a1 vanti haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni narok kounteelooni emuruva olae polos vadda, matasambandhamaina inupa yuganiki chendina oka pasupaalakulu e1b1b1b2b2a1/e-m293 mariyu l3h1a2a1 anae haplogrouplanu mosukellaru.
taitaa taveta.
kenyaalooni taitaa taveta vadda, cree. sha. 1650 mariyu cree. sha. 1950 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, e1b1a1a1a2a1a mariyu l4b2a anae haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni taitaa taveta vadda, makwasini, cree. sha. 1650 mariyu 1950 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l3d1a1a nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni taitaa taveta vadda, makwasini, cree. sha. 1650 mariyu 1950 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l3d1a1a nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni taitaa taveta vadda, cree. sha. 1650 mariyu 1950 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, e1b1a1a1a2a1a3b1d1c mariyu l1c3b1a haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni taitaa taveta vadda, makwasini, cree. sha. 1650 mariyu 1950 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l3f2a1 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni taitaa taveta vadda, makwasini, cree. sha. 1650 mariyu 1950 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l0f2a nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni taitaa taveta vadda, makwasini, cree. sha. 1650 mariyu 1950 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell5yea1yea nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni taitaa taveta vadda, cree. sha. 1650 mariyu cree. sha. 1950 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, e1b1a1a1a2a1a mariyu l2a 1+143 haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni taitaa taveta vadda, makwasini, cree. sha. 1650 mariyu cree. sha. 1950 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l0d3 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni taitaa taveta vadda, makwasini, cree. sha. 1650 mariyu 1950 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell3eee3yea nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni taitaa taveta vadda, makwasini, 1667 kaalla CE mariyu 1843 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, e1b1a1a1a2a1a3b1d1c mariyu l2a 1+143 haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni taitaa taveta vadda, makwasini, 1698 kaalla CE mariyu 1950 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l0a1a + 200 nuu mosukelladu.
kenyaalooni taitaa taveta vadda, 1709 kaalla CE mariyu 1927 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, e1b1a1a1a2a1a3a1d ~ mariyu l3a2 haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
tanzania.
tanzanialoni mlambalasi rock shelter vadda, 20,345 bipi mariyu 17,025 bipi madhya unna oka vyakti, nirnayinchani haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
tanzanialoni kiseys II rock shelter vadda, 7240 bipi mariyu 6985 bipi madhya unna oka vyakti, haplogrouplanu bii2bii1eah ~ mariyu ell5bii2 lanu mosukelladu.
laxamanda, tanzanialo, 3141 bipi mariyu 2890 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina vyakti, haplogroup ell2eah1 nuu mosukelladu.
janjibar looni kumbi guha vadda, 1370 bipi mariyu 1303 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina tanzania anae vyakti, haplogroup ell4bii2eah2sii nii mosukelladu.
karatu jilla.
karatu jillaalooni gishimangeda guhalo, tanzanialo, pasuvula neolithic yokka padakondu mandhi pasupaalakulu unnaaru; okaru haplogroup e1b1b1a1b2/e-v22 mariyu hv1b1 nuu teesukuvellaaru, marokaru haplogroup l0a nuu teesukuvellaaru, marokaru haplogroup l3x1 nuu teesukuvellaaru, marokaru haplogroup l4b2a2b nuu teesukuvellaaru, marokaru haplogroup e1b1b2b2a1/e-m293 mariyu l3i2 nuu teesukuvellaaru, marokaru haplogroup l3h1a2a1 nuu teesukuvellaaru, marokaru haplogroup e1b1b1b2b2/e-v1486, bahusha e-m3 mariyu l1f2, marokati haplogroup l1b1b2b2b2/e-v1b2b2/e-v1b2b2/e-v1b2b2/e-b1b2b2b2
kilwa teeram.
kilwa, teeram vadda, tanzanialoni 1300 CE mariyu 1600 CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, zhe2eah2eah1eah1eah2eah ~ mariyu ell2eah1హెchh haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
tanzanialoni kilwa, teeramlo, cree. sha. 1300 mariyu cree. sha. 1600 madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l3b1a11 nuu mosukelladu.
lindi.
lindy vadda, tanzanialo, 1511 kaalla CE mariyu 1664 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, e1b1a1a1a2a1a3a1d ~ mariyu l0a1a2 haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
pemba dveepam.
pemba dveepamlooni makangale guhalo, 1421 bipi mariyu 1307 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina tanzania anae vyakti haplogroup ell0enu mosukelladu.
pemba dveepamlooni makangale guhalo, tanzania anae vyakti, idhi 239 bipi mariyu 544 bipi madhya untundani anchanaa veyabadindi, idhi haplogroup ell2eah1eah2 nuu mosukellindi.
sango manara.
tanzanialoni songo manaralo, 1294 kaalla CE mariyu 1392 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, r1a mariyu l3e3a haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
tanzanialoni songo manaralo, 1402 kelareelu CE mariyu 1437 kelareelu CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup l3e2b1a2 nuu mosukelladu.
1412 kaalla CE mariyu 1446 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, tanzanialoni songo manaralo, haplogroup l3d1a1a nuu mosukelladu.
1418 kaalla CE mariyu 1450 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, tanzanialoni songo manaralo, e1b1a1 ~ mariyu l3e2b anae haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
1508 kaalla CE mariyu 1648 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, tanzanialoni songo manaralo, haplogroup l3d1a1a1 nuu mosukelladu.
tanzanialoni songo manaralo, 1516 kaalla CE mariyu 1667 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, e1b1b1b2b2a1a ~ mariyu l3a1b haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
tanzanialoni songo manaralo, 1629 kaalla CE mariyu 1794 kaalla CE madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, e1b1b1a1a1a1b2 ~ mariyu l3d1a1a1 vanti haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
uganda.
munsa vadda, ugaandaalo, taruvaati inupa yuganiki (500 bipi) chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell3bii1eah1 nuu mosukelladu.
vai-chromosomal dna.
19, 000 samvatsaraala kritam natiki, aafrikanlu, haplogroup e1b1a-v38 kaligi, thoorpu nundi padmara varaku sahara gundaa prayaaninchi undavacchu.
baanisa vaanijya kaalaaniki mundu, haplogroup e1b1a-m2 nuu kaligi unna thoorpu aafrikanlu, arabiacu vistarinchaaru, phalitamgaa arabia antataa vividha vaarasatva raetlu (udhaa.zii., 2.8% khatar, 3.2% yemen, 5.5% united arab emirates, 7.4% oman).
mitochondrial dna.
150, 000 bipi loe, aafrikanlu (udhaa.zii.madhya aafrikanlu, thoorpu aafrikanlu) haplogroup l1 kaligi unnaaru. 130, 000 bipi loe, haplogroup ell5 kaligina aafrikanlu thoorpu aafrikaalo vidipoyaaru. 130, 000 bipi mariyu 75,000 bipi madhya, dakshina aafrikanlalo pravartanaa aadhunikata udbhavinchindi mariyu dakshina africa mariyu thoorpu africa praantaala madhya deerghakaalika paraspara charyalu sthaapinchabaddaayi. 75, 000 bipi mariyu 60,000 bipi madhya, haplogroup ell3 kaligina aafrikanlu thoorpu aafrikaalo udbhavinchaaru mariyu chivariki aadhunika paschima aafrikanlu, madhya aafrikanlu mariyu aafrikanlu kanivarilo valasa vacchaaru. holocene kaalamlo, 8000 bp loe holocene vaataavaranam vaanchaneeyathatho sahaa, haplogroup l2 kaligina aafrikanlu paschima aafrikaalo vyaapinchaaru mariyu haplogroup l3 kaligina aafrikanlu thoorpu aafrikaalo vyaapinchaaru. africa nundi valasala taruvaata atipedda valasalalo, upa-sahara africa nundi uttara africa vaipu valasalu paschima aafrikanlu, madhya aafrikanlu mariyu thoorpu aafrikanlu sambhavinchaayi, phalitamgaa eurup mariyu aasiyaaloki valasalu jarigaayi; tatphalitamgaa, upa-sahara african mitochondrial dna airopa mariyu aasiyaaloki pravesapettabadindi. holocene prarambha kaalamlo, sub-sahara african mitochondrial dnalo 50 saatam uttara aafrikaalo paschima aafrikanlu pravesapettaaru, migilina 50 saatam thoorpu aafrikanlu pravesapettaaru. aadhunika kaalamlo, thoorpu aafrikanla kante ekkuva mandhi paschima aafrikanlu uttara aafrikaalo upa-sahara african mitochondrial dnnu pravesapettaaru. 15, 000 bipi mariyu 7000 bipi madhya, upa-sahara african mitochondrial dnalo 86 saatam nairuti asealo thoorpu aafrikanlu pravesapettaaru, ekkuvagaa arabia praantamloo, idhi aadhunika nairuti aasiyaaloni upa-sahara african mitochondrial dnalo 50 saatam. aadhunika kaalamlo, upa-sahara african mitochondrial dnalo 68 saatam thoorpu aafrikanlu mariyu 22 saatam paschima aafrikanlu pravesapettaaru, idhi aadhunika nairuti asealo upa-sahara african mitochondrial dnalo 50 saatam.
autosomal dna.
madagaskarloni anni praantaalalo, malagasy prajala sagatu puurveekulu 4 saatam paschima eurasian, 37 saatam austronatian mariyu 59 saatam baantugaa gurtinchaaru.
vaidya dna.
saadhaaranamgaa anusaranaku guraina aafrikanla janyuvulu regulatory dna, mariyu aafrikanlalo kanipinche anusarana yokka aneka sandarbhaalu aaharam, sareeradharma shaastram mariyu vyadhikaaraka kaarakaala nundi parinaamaatmaka ottillaku sambandhinchinavi. upa-sahara africa antataa, janyu anusarana (udhaa.zii.upa-sahara aafrikanlalo malaria, rs334 mutation, duffy blood group, zii6pidi lopam, sikil sell vyaadhi) perigindi, ivi praarambhamlo 7300 bipi loe abhivruddhi chendhi undavacchu. upa-sahara aafrikanlu 90 saataaniki paiga duffy-null janyuroopaanni kaligi unnaaru. ettaina ettaina pradaesaalaloo, janyu anusarana (udhaa.zii., rs10803083, haemoglobin yokka raetu mariyu panitiirutoe anubandhinchabadina oka SNP; syrcadian laya mariyu hypoxia pratispandanato anubandhinchabadina janyuvu bhlhe41; ksheeradaalalo oxygen homeostasisto balamgaa anubandhinchabadina janyuvu egnl1) hypoxia mariyu takkuva vaataavarana peedanam varaku amhara prajalalo kanugonabadindi, ivi gatha 5000 samvatsaraalalo abhivruddhi chendhi undavacchu. tanzanialo, janyu anusarana (udhaa.zii.takkuva pindi padaardhaalanu tine african janabha kante ekkuva mottamlo amylase janyuvulu) mukhyamgaa dumpala viniyogaanni kaligi unna aahara aaharam kaaranamgaa hajja prajalalo kanugonabaddayi. 
dakshina africa.
kenya mariyu tanzania praantam nundi dakshinaafrikaa varaku, thoorpu baantu matlade aafrikanlu uttaram nundi dakshina janyu clinega untaaru; adanamgaa, thoorpu africa nundi dakshina africa vaipu varaku, janyu sajaateeyataku sambandhinchina aadharalu baantu valasa dakshinaafrikaaloki vistarinche samayaniki baantu matlade aafrikanlu mariyu itara african janabha madhya jarigina varusa vyavasthaapaka prabhavam mariyu mishrama sanghatanalanu suuchistaayi.
puraatana maanava DNA.
africa velupala aafrikanlu kanivarilo denisovan mariyu neanderthal puurveekulu marinta khachitamgaa unnappatikee, aafrikanlalo puraatana maanava puurveekulu takkuva khachitamainavaaru mariyu khachitamgaa sthaapinchabadatam chaalaa tondaragaa undhi.
puraatana dna.
taruvaata mugguru raathi yuga vetagallu khoisan matlade vetagaalla maadirigaane puraatana dnnu teesukuvellaaru. botswana nundi baantu valasalaku mundu, thoorpu african pasuvula kaaparulu dakshina africaku valasa vacchaaru. paschima african muulaaniki chendina naluguru inupa yugam baantu vyavasaayadaarulalo, iddaru munupati vyavasaayadaarulu tsonga mariyu venda prajala maadirigaane puraatana dnnu nirvahinchaaru mariyu iddaru taruvaata vyavasaayadaarulu nguni prajala maadirigaane puraatana dnnu nirvahinchaaru; idhi mottam baantu valasalalo prajala vividha kadalikalu unnayani suuchistumdi, dheeni phalitamgaa baantu matlade prajalu mariyu khoisan matlade prajala madhya paraspara charya mariyu misramam perigindi.
botswana.
botswanaloni encoma vadda, prarambha inupa yuganiki (900 bipi) chendina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell2eah1eahphnu mosukelladu.
botswanaloni toucom vadda, prarambha inupa yuganiki (1100 bipi) chendina oka vyakti, haplogrouplu e1b1a1 (e-m2, e-z1123) mariyu l0d3b1 lanu mosukelladu.
botswanaloni jaaro vadda, prarambha inupa yuganiki chendina (1400 bipi) iddaru vyaktulu unnaaru; okaru haplogrouplanu e1b1a1a1c1a mariyu l3e1a2 kaligi unnaaru, marokaru haplogrouplanu e1b1b1b2b (e-m293, e-ts10880) mariyu l0k1a2 kaligi unnaaru.
malavi.
chetivellu.
malaavilooni fingira rocks shelter vadda, 6179 bipi mariyu 2341 bipi madhya kaalaaniki chendina oka vyakti, bii2 mariyu ell0dii1 haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
malaavilooni fingiraalo, 6175 bipi mariyu 5913 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogrouplu biti mariyu ell0dii1bii2బii lanu mosukelladu.
malaavilooni fingiraalo, 6177 bipi mariyu 5923 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogrouplu biti mariyu ell0dii1సii lanu mosukelladu.
malaviloni fingiraalo, 2676 bipi mariyu 2330 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell0ephnu mosukelladu.
chenchere.
malaavilooni chenchere vadda, 5400 bipi mariyu 4800 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell0keey2 nuu mosukelladu.
malaavilooni chenchere vadda, 5293 bipi mariyu 4979 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell0keey1 nuu mosukelladu.
horah.
malaavilooni horah 1 rock shelter vadda, 16,897 bipi mariyu 15,827 bipi madhya unna oka vyakti, haplogrouplu bii2బii mariyu ell5bii lanu mosukelladu.
malaavilooni horah 1 rock shelter vadda, 16,424 bipi mariyu 14,029 bipi madhya unna oka vyakti, bii2bii1eah2 ~ mariyu ell0dii3/ell0dii3bii haplogrouplanu mosukelladu.
malaavilooni horaalo, 10,000 bipi mariyu 5000 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogrouplu biti mariyu ell0keey2 lanu mosukelladu.
malaavilooni horaalo, 8173 bipi mariyu 7957 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell0eah2 nuu mosukelladu.
dakshinaafrikaa.
dakshina aafrikaaloni doonside vadda, 2296 bipi mariyu 1910 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell0dii2 nuu mosukelladu.
dakshinaafrikaalooni shampine kotalo, 448 bipi mariyu 282 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell0dii2eah1enu mosukelladu.
dakshinaafrikaalooni eland guhalo, 533 bipi mariyu 453 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell3ii3bii1 nuu mosukelladu.
dakshinaafrikaalooni emphongosilo, 448 bipi mariyu 308 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell3ii1bii2 nuu mosukelladu.
dakshinaafrikaalooni nucosil vadda, 508 bipi mariyu 327 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogroup ell3ii2bii1eah2 nuu mosukelladu.
seyint. dakshinaafrikaalo helena, 2241 bipi mariyu 1965 bipi madhya anchanaa veyabadina oka vyakti, haplogrouplu eah1bii1bii2eah mariyu ell0dii2sii1 lanu kaligi unnadu.
dakshinaafrikaalooni faravoscope rock shelter vadda, 2017 bipi mariyu 1748 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogrouplanu eah1bii1bii2eah mariyu ell0dii1bii2bii1బii kaligi unnadu.
dakshinaafrikaalooni castilberg vadda, 1282 bipi mariyu 1069 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogroup l0d1a1a nuu mosukelladu.
dakshinaafrikaalooni walcrons aasrayam vadda, oka vyakti, ippati varaku 200 bipi anchanaa, pradhanamgaa khoisan matladevariki sambandhinchinavaadu, paakshikamgaa thoorpu aafrikanlaku sambandhinchinavaadu (15%-32%), mariyu haplogrouplu l0d3b1 nuu kaligi unnadu.
balito bay.
dakshinaafrikaalooni balito bay vadda, 2149 bipi mariyu 1932 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogrouplanu eah1bii1bii2 mariyu ell0dii2eah1 kaligi unnadu.
dakshinaafrikaalooni balito bay vadda, 1986 bipi mariyu 1831 bipi madhya anchanaa vesina oka vyakti, haplogrouplanu eah1bii1bii2 mariyu ell0dii2sii1 kaligi unnadu.
dakshinaafrikaalooni balito bay vadda, baalitho baay, 1,980 ± 20 kelareelu bipi teedeeki anchanaa veyabadindi, ricketsia felis unnatlu kanugonabadindi.
zambia.
jambialoni kalemba rock shelter vadda, 5285 bipi mariyu 4975 bipi madhya unna oka vyakti, haplogroup ell0dii1bii2బini mosukelladu.
vai-chromosomal dna.
vividha vai chromosome adhyayanalu shaan atyanta vibhinnamaina (puraatana) maanava vai-chromosome haplogrouplanu kaligi undani chuupistunnaayi. eee haplogrouplu maanava vai-chromosome chettu yokka rendu prarambha saakhalu, eah mariyu bii haplogroupla yokka nirdishta upa samuuhaalu.
mitochondrial dna.
200, 000 bipi loe, aafrikanlu (udhaa.zii., dakshina africaku chendina khoisan) haplogroup l0 kaligi unnavaaru haplogroup l1′6 kaligi unna itara aafrikanla nundi vaerupaddaaru, ivi dakshina africaku uttaraana untaayi. 130, 000 bipi mariyu 75,000 bipi madhya, dakshina aafrikanlalo pravartanaa aadhunikata udbhavinchindi mariyu dakshina africa mariyu thoorpu africa praantaala madhya deerghakaalika paraspara charyalu sthaapinchabaddaayi.
mitochondrial dna adhyayanalu kooda maanava mitochondrial dna chettulooni mottamodati haplogroup saakhala adhika pounahpunyaalanu kaligi unnayani aadhaaraalanu andistaayi. eee dna okari talli nundi matrame vaarasatvamgaa vastundi. atyanta bhinnamaina (puraatana) mitochondrial haplogroup, l0d, dakshina african shaan samoohaalalo daani atyadhika pounahpunyaala vadda gurtinchabadindi.
autosomal dna.
henn mariyu itarulu. (2011) adhyayanam chesina yea jeevinchi unna maanavula kante khomani saan, alaage tanzanialoni sandave mariyu hajja prajalu atyanta janyuparamgaa vaividhyamgaa unnaarani kanugonnaru. eee adhika sthaayi janyu vaividhyam shareera nirmaanaparamgaa aadhunika maanavula muulaanni suuchistumdi.
vaidya dna.
shaan prajalu mariyu naluguru inupa yugapu vyavasaayavettalato janyu saaruupyatanu panchukune mugguru vetagaalla nundi puraatana dnalo, vaari snaps vaaru nidra anaaroogyam mariyu plasmodium vivaxku vyatiraekamgaa nirodhakata kosam vaividhyaalanu kaligi unnaarani suuchimchaayi. mukhyamgaa, inupa yugam vyavasaayadaarulalo prati nalugurilo iddaru nidra rugmataku vyatiraekamgaa nirodhakata kosam vaividhyaalanu kaligi unnaaru mariyu inupa yugam vyavasaayadaarulalo prati muggurilo malaria nirodhakata kosam pratikuula vaividhyaalanu kaligi unnaaru. inupa yugapu vyavasaayadaarulaku viruddhamgaa, shaan-sambandhita vetagallalo, aaru samvatsaraala baaludu schistosomiasis kaaranamgaa maraninchi undavacchu. botswanalo, 1400 bipi vayassu gala oka vyakti, malariaku vyatiraekamgaa nirodhakata kosam duffy negative roopaantaraanni kooda kaligi undavacchu.
saadhaaranamgaa anusaranaku guraina aafrikanla janyuvulu regulatory dna, mariyu aafrikanlalo kanipinche anusarana yokka aneka sandarbhaalu aaharam, sareeradharma shaastram mariyu vyadhikaaraka kaarakaala nundi parinaamaatmaka ottillaku sambandhinchinavi. upa-sahara africa antataa, janyu anusarana (udhaa.zii.upa-sahara aafrikanlalo malaria, rs334 mutation, duffy blood group, zii6pidi lopam, sikil sell vyaadhi) perigindi, ivi praarambhamlo 7300 bipi loe abhivruddhi chendhi undavacchu. upa-sahara aafrikanlu 90 saataaniki paiga duffy-null janyuroopaanni kaligi unnaaru. aafrikaaloni kalahari edaari praantamloo, vividha saadhyamayye janyu anusaranalu (udhaa.zii., adiponectin, boddy maas index, metabolism) khomani prajalalo kanugonabaddayi. upa-sahara aafrikanlu 90 saataaniki paiga duffy-null janyuroopaanni kaligi unnaaru. dakshinaafrikaalo, janyu anusarana (udhaa.zii.chromosome 4q22 paie rs28647531) mariyu kshayavyaadhiki balamaina grahanaseelata rangulalo kanugonabadindi.
aadhunika maanavula iteevali african muulam.
500, 000 bipi mariyu 300,000 bipi madhya, saareerakamgaa aadhunika maanavulu aafrikaalo udbhavinchi undavacchu. aafrikanlu (udhaa.zii.vai-chromosomal aadam, mitochondrial eev) aafrikaaloni tama muula praantaala nundi aafrikaaloni itara pradaesaalaku valasa vacchaaru, mariyu thoorpu african, madhya african mariyu paschima african vamsaalaku vibhedaala samayam dakshina african vamsaaniki vibhedaala samayanni pooli untundi, aafrikaalo maanavula muulaaniki oka nirdishta praantaanni gurtinchadaaniki taginanta aadharalu laevu. 100, 000 bipi loe, saareerakamgaa aadhunika maanavulu africa nundi eurasiaku valasa vacchaaru. tadanantaram, padula vaela samvatsaraala taruvaata, prastuta eurasianla puurveekulu africa nundi eurasiaku valasa vacchaaru, chivariki denisovans mariyu neandarthallatho kalisipooyaaru.
puraavastu mariyu shilaja aadharalu homo sapiens yokka african muulaaniki mariyu pravartanaa aadhunikataku maddatunu andistaayi. paan-african muulam (aafrikaalo muulam yokka bahula pradaesaalu) mariyu aadhunika maanavula parinaamaanni pratibimbimchae namuunaalu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. aadhunika" aalochana marinta samasyaatmakamgaa maaradamtho, parisoedhana "" aadhunika "janyu puurveekulu, asthipanjara padanirmaana shaastram mariyu pravartana antey emito vibhedinchedigaa praarambhamaindi, ivi oke pyaakaejeeni yerparuchukune avakaasam ledani gurtinchadam jarigindi."
african kaani janyuvutho poliste, african janyuvu ekkuva sankhyalo bahuruupatalanu kaligi untundi, ledhaa 
africa velupala arudaina janyu vaividhyaalu aafrikaalo samruddhiga sambhavistaayi, ivi 3 nundi 5 retlu ekkuva. aafrikanlu kanivarilo kanipinche janyu vaividhyam chaalaa varaku aafrikanlalo kanipinche janyu vaividhyam yokka upasamitigaa kanugonabadindi. saadhaaranamgaa anusaranaku guraina aafrikanla janyuvulu regulatory dna, mariyu aafrikanlalo kanipinche anusarana yokka aneka sandarbhaalu aaharam, sareeradharma shaastram mariyu vyadhikaaraka kaarakaala nundi parinaamaatmaka ottillaku sambandhinchinavi. upa-sahara africa antataa, janyu anusarana (udhaa.zii.upa-sahara aafrikanlalo malaria, rs334 mutation, duffy blood group, zii6pidi lopam, sikil sell vyaadhi) perigindi, ivi praarambhamlo 7300 bipi loe abhivruddhi chendhi undavacchu. africa antataa, vividha janyu anusaranalu (udhaa.zii.apolypoprotein ell1 (apole1): trypanosomiasis kuu zii1 mariyu zii2 haplotype nirodhakata mariyu moothrapindaala vyaadhi pramaadaanni penchutundi; maanava leukocyte antigen (hcla) janyuvulu; hechaivi-1, mashoochi, trypanosomiasis (african sleeping sickness), mariyu kshayavyadhi aafrikanlalo kanugonabaddayi. nirdishta janyu vaividhyaala kosam biomedical pareekshalu (udhaa.zii., rs1799853 saip2sii9 janyuvulo), veetini yuu aamodinchindi.ess. aahara mariyu aushadha nirvahana mariyu warfarin yokka saraina prescription suuchimchadaaniki uddesinchinavi, aafrikaalo vaividhyaalu arudugaa unnanduna aafrikanlaku ekkuva sambandham laenivigaa kanugonabaddayi. vaividhyamaina vyaadhikaarakata mariyu saadhaaraneekarinchadagina bahujanyu skorlanu parigananaloki teesukovadamlo mariyu nirnayinchadamlo frequency raetu karakaluga, biomedical adhyayanaalalo janyu vaividhyam lekapovadam valla janyu vaividhya vyaadhikaarata yokka aadhunika clinical vargeekaranalu saripovani kanugonabadindi. fyaan mariyu itarulu (2023) iteevala 180 african vaetagaadu-sekarinche janabhalo ~ 5.3 millionla pratyaekamaina janyu vaividhyaalanu kanugonnaru, mariyu "vyadhikaaraka" gaa nirnayinchabadina vaividhyaala kosam ippatike unna vargeekaranalalo, eee "vyadhikaaraka" vargeekarinchina vaividhyaalalo ~29% (44/154) african vaetagaadu-sekarinchevaarilo tarachugaa sambhavistunnatlu kanugonabadindi.