
pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha

pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha anedi oka rakamaina aardhika vyavastha, ikkada vastuvulu mariyu sevala pampinhee ledhaa pettubadi, utpatti mariyu muuladhana vastuvula ketayimpu aardhika vyavastha antataa ledhaa vastuvulu mariyu sevala vargaaniki parimitam cheyabadina aardhika pranaalikala prakaram jarugutundi. pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha kendrikruta, vikendrikruta, bhaagaswaamya ledhaa soviet taraha aardhika pranaalika roopaalanu upayoginchavacchu. nirnayam teesukovadamlo mariyu paalgonadamlo kendrikarana ledhaa vikendrikarana sthaayi nirdishta rakamaina pranaalika yantraamgampai aadharapadi untundi.
soviet namuunaa aadhaaramgaa soshalistu rashtraalu kendra pranaalikanu upayoginchaayi, ayithe maajee soshalistu federal republic off yugoslavia vanti alpasankhyaakulu kontavaraku market soshalijamnu sweekarinchaaru. market nirmuulanavaada saamyavaadam aardhika vyavasthanu roopondinche vividha saamaajika yaajamaanyamloni aardhika samsthala karyakalapalanu samanvayam cheyadaaniki maargamgaa kaaraka marketla sthaanamlo pratyaksha ganananu upayogistundi. kontamandi aardhikavettalu mariyu computer saastravettalu computer sains mariyu information technologylo purogati aadhaaramgaa pranaalika vidhaanaalanu pratipaadinchadam dwara saamyavaada pranaalika mariyu ketayinpulaku iteevali vidhanalu vachayi.
pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavasthalu, mukhyamgaa market aardhika vyavasthalatho viruddhamgaa untaayi, ikkada marketlalo panichese swayampratipatti samsthalu utpatti, pampinhee, dhara mariyu pettubadi gurinchi nirnayaalu teesukuntaayi. suuchika pranaalikanu upayoginche market aardhika vyavasthalanu pranaalikaabaddhamaina market aardhika vyavasthalu, mishrama aardhika vyavasthalu mariyu mishrama market aardhika vyavasthalugaa vividha rakaluga suuchistaaru. command ekaanami anedi paripalana-command vyavasthanu anusaristundi mariyu soviet-rakam aardhika pranaalikanu upayogistundi, idhi eee deshaalalo chaalaa varaku market aardhika vyavasthalugaa maarchabadataaniki mundu maajee soviet union mariyu thoorpu kootami yokka lakshanam. eee aardhika vyavasthalalo vanarula ketayinpuku maarganirdesam cheyadamlo kramaanugata paripalana mariyu utpatti yokka praja yajamanyam yokka pradhana paatranu idhi highlight chestundi.
sameeksha.
hellenistic mariyu post-hellenistic prapanchamlo, "eejiptu graameena praantaalaku, hellenistic indiaku, mariyu kontavaraku seleucid, pergamenian, dakshina arabia mariyu parthian saamrajyaala yokka marinta anagarika praantaalaku tappanisari rashtra pranaalika atyanta vilakshanhamaina vaanijya paristhiti". incon aardhika vyavastha anedi soukaryavantamaina command aardhika vyavastha anie, idhi vastuvulaku badulugaa kaarmikula kadalika mariyu viniyogam chuttoo kendrikrutamai undani panditulu vaadinchaaru. vaanijyavaadam yokka oka drukpatham dheenini pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavasthalanu kaligi unnatlu chustundi.
soviet russialo soviet taraha pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha, konasagutunna modati prapancha yuddham-aardhika vyavastha, alaage waar communism (1918-1921) anie piluvabade itara vidhaanaala nepathyamlo abhivruddhi chendindi, idhi russian antaryuddham yokka avasaralaku anugunamgaa roopondinchabadindi. eee vidhanalu 1921loe soviet prabhutvam gosplannu sthaapinchinappudu prabhutva adhikaarika samstha kinda vaari adhikaarika ekikarananu praarambhinchaayi. ayithe, kotta aardhika vidhanam yokka kaalam (saadhaarana panchavarsha pranaalikala pranaalika vyavasthaku mundu jokyam chesukovadam 1928loe praarambhamaindi.
1936 nundi naajii germany yokka naalugu samvatsaraala pranaalikaloo reach aardhika vyavasthalo rashtra pranaalika amsaalu unnaayi.
rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata (1939-1945) france mariyu grate britanlu nirbandham-laeni maargaala dwara aardhika vyavastha yokka prabhutva disanu abhyasinchaayi. swedish prabhutvam 1965 nundi 1974 varaku amalu chesina million programme anae prajectulo pattana pranaalika maadirigaane praja-gruha namuunaalanu pranaalika chesindi. 1936 spanish viplavam samayamlo viplavaatmaka speyin antataa, mukhyamgaa catalonialo aardhika pranaalikaloo kontha vikendrikruta bhagaswamyam jarigindi.
socialism thoo sambandham.
socialism anedi aardhika pranaalika ledhaa pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha bhaavanatho samanam kaanappatikee, socialism yokka prabhaavavantamaina bhaavanalo aardhika vyavastha yokka "ex-yant" samanvayaanni saadhinchadaaniki muuladhana marketla sthaanamlo edho oka rakamaina aardhika pranaalikanu kaligi untundi. atuvanti aardhika vyavastha yokka lakshyam janabha dwara aardhika vyavasthapai chetana niyantrananu saadhinchadam, mukhyamgaa migulu utpattini utpattidaarulu niyantrinchelaa cheyadam. socialism kosam pratipaadinchina nirdishta pranaalikala roopaalu mariyu vaati saadhyasaadhyaalu soshalistu ganana charchaku sambandhinchinavi.
ganana aardhika pranaalika.
1959loe anatoli kitov soviet aardhika vyavastha nirvahanapai drushti saarinchi distributed computing system (project "redd book") nuu pratipaadinchaadu. rakshana mantritva saakha nundi vacchina vyatiraekata kitov pranaalikanu champesindi.
1971loe chilly soshalistu alende paripalana samsthalu mariyu prabhutvam madhya aardhika daetaanu communicate cheyadaaniki aardhika vyavasthalooni prati corporation mariyu samsthalo telex yantraanni erpaatu cheyadaaniki cyber sinn prajectnu praarambhinchindi. anchanaa vaeyadaaniki dayta computer-simulated ekaanameeloki kooda ivvabadindi. mottam aardhika vyavastha yokka nija-samaya pariseelana mariyu nirvahana kosam oka niyantrana gadini nirminchaaru. eee project yokka namuunaa-dasha oka trucker samme chuttoo sarafaraalanu mallinchadaaniki upayoginchinappudu vaagdaanaanni choopinchindi, conny 1973loe siah maddatugala augusto pinochet tirugubaatuku naayakatvam vahinchina taruvaata, athani paalanalo sainika niyantrutvaanni sthaapinchindi, eee karyakramam raddu cheyabadindi mariyu pinochet chileeni marinta saralikruta market aardhika vyavastha vaipu kadilinchindi.
glassgo vishwavidhyaalayaaniki chendina computer shaastravetta paal cock shaat mariyu wake forrest vishwavidhyaalayaaniki chendina aardhikavetta allin cottrell vaari pustakam "tward eah nyuu socialism" (1993) loe aadhunika computer technologypy nirminchina prajaswaamyabaddhamgaa pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha elaa saadhyamo pradarsistundani, idhi swechhaa-market aardhika vyavasthala kante aardhikamgaa marinta sthiramgaa mariyu naitikamgaa kooda kavalsinadiga untundani theesisnu nadipistundani paerkonnaaru.
cybernetics.
soshalistu aardhika vyavasthalaku utpattini saraina paddhatiloo samanvayam cheyadaaniki computerlanu upayoginchadam vividha rakaluga pratipaadinchabadindi. polish aardhikavetta oskar lange (1904-1965) aardhika inputlanu samarthavantamgaa ketaayinchadaaniki avasaramaina ekakaala sameekaranaala samuuhaanni parishkarinchadamlo market prakriya kante computer marinta samarthavantamgaa undani vaadinchaaru (bhouthika parimaanaalu ledhaa dravya dharala paramgaa).
salvador alende yokka saamyavaada prabhutvam 1970 chileen distributed desition support system project cybersineku maargadarsakatvam vahinchindi, idhi swayampratipatti gala operative unitla ganana samsthaagata nirmaanam yokka prayogaatmaka aacharaneeya vyavastha namuunaatoe vikendrikruta pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha vaipu vellae prayatnamlo algedonic feedback setting mariyu cyberphoc bhaagam dwara bhaagaswaamya prajaasvaamya roopamlo bottom-up participative nirnayam teesukovadam dwara.
kaalpanika chitranalu.
edward bellamy raasina 1888 navala "venukaku chudatam" 2000 samvatsaramlo united stateslo kalpita pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavasthanu varnistundi, idhi soshalistu aadarsadhaamamgaa maarindi.
aldus huxley yokka "dhairyamaina kotta prapancham" (1932) looni prapancha rashtram mariyu georg arvel yokka "pantommidi enabhai naalugu" (1949) looni airstrip okati command aardhika vyavasthala yokka kalpita chitranalanu andistaayi, ayithe puurtigaa vyatiraeka lakshyaalato. modatidi utpaadakatanu pempondinchadaaniki roopondinchina viniyogadaarula aardhika vyavastha kaga, rendodi nirankusa saamaajika niyantranaku agentga roopondinchina korata aardhika vyavastha. airstrip vann nuu saametagaa paeru pettabadina ministery off peach nirvahistundi.
pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavasthala yokka itara saahitya chitranalalo arvel rachanalanu prabhaavitam chesina yevgeny jamatine yokka "vii" (1924) unnaayi. pantommidi enabhai naalugu" laaga, ayan raand yokka dystopian 1938 katha "geetam" "memu" "dwara prabhaavitamaina command ekaanami yokka kalaatmaka chitrananu andinchindi". thedaa emitante, idhi "memu" ledhaa "dhairyamaina kotta prapancham" yokka adhunaatana saanketikataku viruddhamgaa aadimavaada pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha.
kendra pranaalika.
prayojanaalu.
rashtra aardhika lakshyalanu saadhinchadaaniki prabhutvam bhoomi, shrama mariyu muuladhanaanni upayoginchukovachhu. kaavalasina paddhatiloo aardhika abhivruddhi kosam ekkuva muuladhana pettubadiki anukuulamgaa viniyogadaarula demandnu niyantrinchavacchu. antarjaateeya polikalalo, shishu maranaala raetu mariyu ayurdayam vanti aarogya soochikalalo rashtra-saamyavaada deshaalu pettubadidaarii deshaalatho anukuulamgaa polchabaddaayi. ayithe, dheeni vaastavikata, kaneesam shishu maranaalaku sambandhinchi, adhikaarika soviet ganaamkaalu ledhaa evari nirvachanalu upayoginchabaddaayi anae daanipai aadharapadi maarutuu untundi.
telikapati parisrama vistarana dwara mariyu bahya aardhika vyavasthapai aadharapadakunda muuladhanam perukupovadaniki samvatsaraalu vechi undakunda rashtram abhivruddhi chendani aardhika vyavasthalo okesari bhaarii bhaarii parisramalanu nirminchadam praarambhinchavacchu. 1930laloe soviet unionlo jariginadi idhe, prabhutvam praivaetu viniyogaaniki ankitamaina sthuula jaateeya aadaayamlo vatanu 80 saatam nundi 50 saataaniki tagginchindi. eee abhivruddhi phalitamgaa, soviet union bhaarii parisramalo bhaarii vruddhini saadhinchindi, kaarmika korata kaaranamgaa daani vyavasaya rangam ekakaalamlo bhaarii sankochaanni chavichusindi.
pratikuulatalu.
aardhika asthirata.
1950luu mariyu 1960laloe thoorpu kootami yokka command aardhika vyavasthalapai american mariyu thoorpu european aardhikavettalu chesina adhyayanalu rendu samuuhaala anchanaalaku viruddhamgaa adhe kaalamlo market aardhika vyavasthala kante utpattilo ekkuva hecchutaggulanu chuupimchaayani kanugonnaru.
asamarthamaina vanarula pampinhee.
pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavasthala vimarsakulu viniyogadaarula praadhaanyatalu, koratalu mariyu migulanu taginanta khachitatvamto gurtinchalerani, anduvalla utpattini samarthavantamgaa samanvayam cheyalerani vaadinchaaru (market aardhika vyavasthalo, uchita dharala vyavastha eee prayojanam kosam uddesinchabadindi). eee samasya gurinchi aardhikavettalu ludwig vaan misses mariyu friedrich hake mukhyamgaa raasaaru, vaaru samasya yokka suukshmamgaa vibhinnamaina amsaalanu varusaga aardhika ganana samasya mariyu sthaanika ghnaana samasyaga paerkonnaaru. maikhel polani yokka aardhika aalochanalo kooda eee vibhina amsaalu unnaayi.
modatidi market aardhika vyavastha yokka saiddhaantika aadhaaraalanu aatmaasraya viluva siddhaantaaniki nokki chebutuu, viluva yokka kaarmika siddhaantampai daadi chestu, taruvaatidi nirantaram maarutunna avasaraala sopanakramam unna vyaktulanu santrupti parachadaniki ekaika maargam, mariyu vaari pratyeka vyakti yokka paristhitulanu kaligi undataaniki matrame, vaari avasaralanu gurinchi ekkuva ghnaanam unnavaaru tama saktilo unnavaarini, chaalaa mandhi viniyogadaarula avasaralanu atyanta samarthavantamgaa teerchadaaniki pootii marketlo tama vanarulanu upayoginchadaaniki anumatinchadam anie vaadinchindi. eee drugvishayam yaadruchchika kramamga gurtinchabadindi. adanamgaa, pratyaksha ghnaanam unna vyaktula nundi muuladhanaanni mallinchadam dwara mariyu balavantamgaa guttadhipatyam pravartananu prabhaavitam chese marketlaloki tappinchukovadam dwara, market sankethaalanu vismarinchadam dwara sahajamgaane vanarula tappudu ketayimpu jarugutundi. tibor machan prakaram, "sarafara mariyu demand chattaniki vidheyatagaa ketaayimpulu cheyagala market lekunda, vaastava maanava praadhaanyatalu mariyu lakshyalaku sambandhinchi vanarulanu sarafara cheyadam kashtam ledhaa asadhyam".
aardhika prajaswamyam mariyu sweeya nirvahananu anachiveyadam.
soshalistu vikendrikruta pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha yokka oka roopamaina bhaagaswaamya aardhika saastraaniki maddatu ichhe aardhikavetta rabin hannel, kendra pranaalika daani prothsaahakaalu mariyu aavishkaranala yokka swaabhaavika addamkulanu adhigaminchinappatikii, aardhika prajaswamyam mariyu sweeya nirvahananu penchukolekapoyindani paerkonnaadu, ivi aardhika swechcha yokka medhoparamgaa marinta pondikaina, sthiramaina mariyu pradhana sravanti bhavanala kante sariyaina bhavanalu anie ayana vishwasistaaru. inca, hannel ilaa perkonnaduh
marinta prajaasvaamya raajakeeya vyavasthatho kalipi, mariyu uttamamaina vidhananni daggaragaa anchanaa vaeyadaaniki, kendra pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavasthalu merugaina paniteerunu kanabarichevi anadamlo sandeham ledhu. conny vaaru eppatikee aardhika sweeya-nirvahananu andinchalekapoyaru, udaaseenata mariyu niraasa vaari anivaaryamaina nashtanni teesukuntunnanduna vaaru ellappuduu aavishkaranalanu nemmadigaa chesevaaru, mariyu bhedaatmaka aardhika shakti yokka prabhavalu perige koddi vaaru ellappuduu perugutunna asamaanatalu mariyu asamarthathalaku gurayye avakaasam undedi. kendra pranaalika prakaram saamaajika aardhika prayojanaalanu prothsahinchadaaniki pranaalikadaarulu, nirvaahakulu ledhaa kaarmikulaku prothsaahakaalu laevu. tudi vastuvula kosam marketlaku pranaalika vyavasthaku aatamkam kaliginchadam viniyogadaarulaku ardhavantamaina margallo ootu hakkunu kalpinchaledu. conny kendra pranaalika daani samacharam mariyu prothsaahaka baadhyatalanu adhigaminchinappatikii aardhika prajaasvaamyaaniki anukuulamgaa undedi kaadu. mariyu nijam emitante, idhi apuurvamaina nirankusa raajakeeya saktitoe munduku saaginanduna matrame adhi unnanta kaalam manugada saaginchindi.
command ekaanami.
pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavasthalu command aardhika vyavasthalaku viruddhamgaa untaayi, pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha anedi "utpatti, pampinhee, dharalu modalaina vaatini prabhutvam niyantrinche mariyu niyantrinche aardhika vyavastha."ayithe command ekaanami parisramalo gananeeyamaina praja yajamanyanni kaligi untundi, adhe samayamlo eee rakamaina niyantrananu kooda kaligi untundi. command ekaanameelalo, mukhyamaina ketayimpu nirnayaalu prabhutva adhikarulu teesukuntaaru mariyu chattam dwara vidhinchabadataayi.
dheenini kontamandi marxistlu vyatiraekistunnaaru. vikendrikruta pranaalikanu soshalijanku aadhaaramgaa pratipaadinchaaru, mariyu soviet union aardhika vyavasthalo sweekarinchina pranaalika rakanni puurtigaa tiraskaristuu, araachakavaadulu, council communistlu, swechchaavaada marxistlu mariyu itara prajaasvaamya mariyu swechchaavaada soshalistulu, marketetara socialism roopaanni samarthinchaaru.
command ekaanameeloo ekkuva bhaagam kendra adhikaram dwara top-down administrative modallo nirvahinchabadutundi, ikkada pettubadi mariyu utpatti avtput avasaralaku sambandhinchina nirnayaalu command golusulo eguvana nirnayinchabadataayi, diguva sthaayila nundi takkuva input untundi. aardhika pranaalikanu samarthinchevaaru konnisaarlu eee command aardhika vyavasthalanu teevramgaa vimarsinchevaaru. leyon tratsky, chain off command loe agrasthaanamlo unnavaaru, vaari medho saamardhyamtho sambandham lekunda, aardhika vyavasthalo palgone lakshalaadi mandhi prajala input mariyu bhagaswamyam lekunda panicheestaarani, sthaanika paristhitulu mariyu aardhika vyavasthalo maarpulanu ardham chesukunna/pratispandinchevaarani nammadu. anduvalla, vaaru anni aardhika karyakalapalanu samarthavantamgaa samanvayam cheyaleru.
charitrakaarulu pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavasthalanu marxist-leninist rajyalu mariyu soviet aardhika namuunaatoe mudipettaru. 1980la nundi, soviet aardhika namuunaa vaastavaaniki pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavasthanu erpaatu cheyaledani, dheenilo samagramaina mariyu kattubadi unde pranaalika utpatti mariyu pettubadulaku maarganirdesam cheyaledani vaadinchabadindi. paripalana-command vyavastha yokka marinta vyatyaasam maajee soviet union mariyu thoorpu kootamilo unikilo unna aardhika vyavasthaku konni vidya vargalalo kotta hodaagaa udbhavinchindi, idhi aardhika vyavasthapai prajaadarana laeni niyantranalo kendrikruta kramaanugata nirnayam teesukune paatranu highlight chesindi. 1971 mariyu 1973 madhya chileelo digital pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha yokka avakaasaanni project cybersine abhivruddhitho mariyu 1962loe keevlooni saanketika bhouthika shaastra vibhagam adhipati alexander alexandrovich kharkevich anveshinchaaru.
aardhika pranaalika mariyu pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha rendoo nirankusa ledhaa prajaasvaamya mariyu bhaagaswaamyamainavi kaavacchu, prajaasvaamya saamyavaada vimarsakulu command aardhika vyavasthalu aacharanalo tappanisarigaa nirankusa ledhaa aprajaasvaamikamainavani vaadistaaru. suuchika pranaalika anedi prothsaahaka-aadhaarita paddhatula dwara aardhika vyavasthanu nirdesinche market aardhika vyavasthalalo aardhika pranaalika yokka oka roopam. vividha prabhutva adhikaarula dwara aardhika pranaalikanu vikendrikruta paddhatiloo amalu cheyavachu. konni pradhanamgaa market aadhaarita mariyu paaschaatya mishrama aardhika vyavasthalalo, rashtram aerospace parisrama vanti vyuuhaatmaka parisramalalo aardhika pranaalikanu upayoginchukuntundi. mishrama aardhika vyavasthalu saadhaaranamgaa sthuula aardhika pranaalikanu upayogistaayi, ayithe suukshma aardhika vyavaharalu market mariyu dharala vyavasthaku vadiliveyabadataayi.
vikendrikruta pranaalika.
vikendrikruta-pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha, daani kshitija samaantarata kaaranamgaa appudappudu addamgaa pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha anie pilustaaru, idhi oka rakamaina pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha, dheenilo viniyogadaarulu mariyu muuladhana vastuvula pettubadi mariyu ketayimpu anedi aardhika vyavastha-vyaapta pranaalikaku anugunamgaa vivarinchabadutundi, idhi vibhina aardhika agentla ledhaa utpatti unitla pampinhee network dwara nirminchabadindi mariyu kaaryaacharanalo samanvayam cheyabadindi. vikendrikruta pranaalika saadhaaranamgaa kendrikruta pranaalikaku viruddhamgaa nirvahinchabadutundi, mukhyamgaa soviet union yokka command ekaanami yokka soviet-rakam aardhika pranaalika, ikkada aardhika samacharam samagraparachabadutundi mariyu oke kendra adhikaram dwara utpatti, pettubadi mariyu vanarula ketayimpu kosam oka pranaalikanu roopondinchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi. vikendrikruta pranaalika mishrama aardhika vyavastha nepathyamlo alaage pettubadidaarii anantara aardhika vyavasthalo kooda roopudiddukogaladu. aardhika pranaalika yokka eee roopam aardhika vyavastha lopala mariyu samsthalalo paarisraamika prajaasvaamya roopamlo prajaasvaamya mariyu bhaagaswaamya nirnayam teesukune prakriyanu suuchistumdi. vividha computer saastravettalu mariyu radikal aardhikavettalu prajaasvaamya aardhika pranaalika mariyu aardhika samsthala madhya samanvayam yokka computer aadhaarita roopaalanu kooda pratipaadinchaaru. pettubadidaarii anantara samaajaaniki market soshalijanku pratyamnaayamgaa vikendrikruta mariyu bhaagaswaamya aardhika pranaalikanu pratipaadakulu pradarsinchaaru.
vikendrikruta pranaalika anedi araachakavaada mariyu saamyavaada aardhika vyavastha yokka oka lakshanamgaa undhi. aardhika prajaswamyam, paarisraamika prajaswamyam, bhaagaswaamya aardhikasaastram vanti vikendrikruta pranaalika yokka vaividhyaalanu vividha raajakeeya samuuhaalu prothsahinchaayi, mukhyamgaa araachakavaadulu, prajaasvaamya saamyavaadulu, sangha saamyavaadulu, swechchaavaada marxistlu, swechchaavaada saamyavaadulu, viplavaatmaka syndicalistulu, tratskyistlu. spanish viplavam samayamlo, cnt mariyu yujiti dwara araachakavaada mariyu swechchaavaada saamyavaada prabhavam vistrutamgaa unna konni praantaalu, mukhyamgaa graameena praantaalu, "viplavam taruvaata" anae pustakamlo arachaka-syndicalist diago abad dii santilan roopondinchina suutraalanu pooli unna vikendrikruta pranaalika aadhaaramgaa amalu cheyabaddaayi.
namuunaalu.
sampradimpula samanvayam.
aardhikavetta pott devine "sampradimpula samanvayam" anae vikendrikruta aardhika pranaalika namuunaanu roopondinchaaru, idhi atyanta sthaanika sthaayilo unnavaaru bhaagaswaamya nirnayam teesukune vidhanam dwara viniyogadaaru mariyu muuladhana vastuvula ketayinputho kuudina aastula vadakam dwara prabhaavitamaina vaari utpatti saadhanaala saamaajika yajamanyam meeda aadharapadi untundi. antekakunda, tama utpatti prakriyalalo modularityni upayoginchukune samsthalu samasya parishkaram mariyu nirnayam teesukoovadaanni pampinhee cheyavachu.
bhaagaswaamya pranaalika.
vikendrikruta pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavastha yokka pranaalika nirmaanam saadhaaranamgaa viniyogadaarula mandali mariyu utpattidaarula mandali (ledhaa samyuktamgaa, pampinhee sahakaram) paie aadharapadi untundi, dheenini konnisaarlu viniyogadaarula sahakaram anie pilustaaru. utpattidaarulu mariyu viniyogadaarulu ledhaa vaari pratinidhulu utpatti cheyalsina vaati naanhyata mariyu parimaanam gurinchi charchistaaru. eee nirmaanam sangha saamyavaadam, bhaagaswaamya aardhikasaastram mariyu araachakavaadaaniki sambandhinchina aardhika siddhaantaalaku kendramgaa undhi.
sadhana.
kerala.
aardhika pranaalikaloo kontha vikendrikruta bhagaswamyam bharatadesamloni vividha praantaalu mariyu rashtraalalo, mukhyamgaa keralalo amalu cheyabadindi. graama sabhala (graama aadhaarita samsthalu) dwara tama pratyaksha input ivvagala vyaktula avasaralanu sthaanika sthaayi pranaalika samsthalu anchanaa vestaayi, aaa taruvaata pranaalikadaarulu tadanugunamgaa pranaalika vaeyadaaniki prayatnistaaru.
viplavaatmaka catalonia.
1936 naati spanish viplavam samayamlo, viplavaatmaka speyin antataa, mukhyamgaa catalonialo aardhika pranaalikaloo kontha vikendrikruta bhagaswamyam amalu cheyabadindi.
aacharanalo ilanti bhavanalu.
samaja bhaagaswaamya pranaalika.
aikyaraajyasamiti samaja sthaayilo bhaagaswaamya pranaalikanu prothsahinche sthaanika prajectulanu abhivruddhi chesindi. samaja abhivruddhi vishayamlo sanghaala sabhyulu neerugaa nirnayaalu teesukuntaaru.

