alikoli mirja kazar

alikoli mirja kazar (; 7 december 1822-14 december 1880) kazar raajavamsaaniki chendina iranian yuvaraju mariyu panditudu, athanu kazar iraanlo modati vignaana mantrigaa panicheesaaru. athanu iraan raaju fath-allie shaa () yokka nalabhai edava kumarudu. alikoli mirja european ghnaanoodayam patla aakarshitulayyaaru mariyu daani aadarsaalanu iraanlo vyaapti cheyadaaniki prayatninchaaru. dhaar ull-phunun kalaasaala uchchasthitilo unnappudu, athanu paatasaalaku pradhaanopaadhyaayudigaa unnadu mariyu daani manugadalo keelaka paatra poeshinchaadu.
"jawahar-eah-manjum"; shaa nasser all-dhin shaa vignaana mantritva saakhanu sthaapinchi, alikoli mirjanu daani modati vignaana mantrigaa niyaminchaaru. ayana 22 samvatsaraalu panicheesaaru mariyu ganula mantri mariyu vidya mariyu chetipanula paryaveekshakudu vanti vividha itara padavulanu nirvahinchaaru. athanu pertia yokka modati telegraph line nirminchadaaniki baadhyata vahinchaadu, athanu prabhutva printing housenu nadipadu mariyu athanu maleyar mariyu tuiserkan governoratelanu kaligi unnadu. athanu "rujname-yae mellatti" mariyu "rujname-yae elmia-yae daulat alia-yae iraan" vanti aneka vaartaapatrikalu, modati pertian panditya patrikanu kooda paryaveekshinchaadu.
alikoli mirja charitra nundi khagola shaastram varaku vividha vishayaalapai vividha pustakaalu vraasaru, athani atyanta mukhyamaina shaastreeya rachana neuton siddhaantaala pertian-bhasha vivarana. athanu roopondinchina ledhaa rachanalo palgonna itara mukhyamaina rachanalalo "name-eah-daneswaran", iranian mariyu muslim panditula jeevita charitrala sekarana; "all-mutanabin", mataala charitra; "aafghanistaanlo sanghatanalu mariyu pramaadaala charitra", aanglo-pertian yuddhanni namodu chesina modati pertian muulam; "exir all-tawarikh;" baab yokka fitna "; mariyu athani swantha diwan. alikoli mirja mirja maraninchaadu mariyu rae loe khananam cheyabaddaadu. athani sampradaayavaada abhiruchulu athani kaaryakramaalanu mandaginchinappatikii, athani pani iranian ghnaanoodayam samayamlo prabhaavavantamgaa niroopinchabadindi.
prarambha jeevitam.
alikoli mirja 1822 december 7naa janminchaadu, athanu goal-pirhan khanum, tbiliseeki chendina thana armenian "conniz" thoo fath-allie shaa yokka nalabhai edava kumarudu. athanu saampradaaya raacharika vidyanu pondaadu mariyu thana tandri aasthaanamlo paricharakudiga panichestunnappudu aadhunika saastraala praadhamikaalanu neerchukunnaadu. alikoli mirja thana tammudu jalal all-dhin mirjaaku atyanta sannihitudu, athanu kooda panditudu ayyadu. athani paart time tutor, mirja asghar khaan afshar, fraanslo iraan rayabariga unnaaru, mariyu paaschaatya prapancham gurinchi thana gnaanaanni yuva yuvarajuku neerpinchaaru, ruso mariyu voltair vanti ghnaanoodaya yuganiki chendina rachayitalaku parichayam chesaaru. ataniki viluvidya, gurrapu swarry, thana sonta ishtanusaram french kooda neerpinchaaru. thana yuktavayassu praarambhamlo, alikoli mirja yokka sampradaayavaada swabhaavam erpadatam praarambhinchindi, endukante athanu thana baavamaridi kooda ayina prabhaavavantamaina suufii ayina mirja nazar allie hakeem baashi kazwini bodhanala krinda unchabaddaadu.
yuva yuvarajuku iranian kavitvampai, mukhyamgaa omar khayyampai kooda aasakti undedi. khayyanku alikoli mirja jeevitamlo prabhaavavantamaina paatra undhi, endukante, ayana abhiprayam prakaram, athanu khayyam kavitalalo kaneesam okadaanni chadavakunda nidrapoledu. alikoli mirja babism perugudalanu chushadu mariyu thana yavvanamlo chaalaa mandhi babistulato sneham chesaadu. vaarilo okaru abdol-ibraheem heravi, athanu oka grandhaalayaanni sekarinchadaaniki sahayam chesaadu.
alikoli mirja athanu thana modati charitraatmaka pustakam "exir all-tawarikh" nuu rachinchaadu. taruvaata athanu eee rachananu "abd all-rajak bay yokka" maa 'there-eah soltania "dwara adhikamgaa prabhaavitamaindani vimarsinchaadu.
vrutti.
ameer kabiirtoe vivaadam.
1840la praarambhamlo alikoli mirja kazar iraan raajakeeyaalloki pravesinchaadu, athani menalludu mohammed shaa atanni regentga, taruvaata malek jahaan khanomku mantrigaa niyaminchaadu. athanu ajarbaijaanloni khalkhal governoratho sahaa aame vyavaharalanu nirvahinchaadu, dheeni aadaayam aame inti kharchula kosam ketayinchabadindi. ketayinchabadindi mahammad shaa maraninchinappudu, malek jahaan khanom adhyakshatana pramukhula mandali erpadinappudu, alikoli mirja, mirja nazar allie khanto paatu salahadaruga, pradhaanamantri abhyardhigaa kooda unnaaru. ayithe, kotta shaa, nasser all-dhin, mirja taaki khaan ameer kabir pradhana mantrigaa vachinappudu, council raddu cheyabadindi. mirja nazar aleeni bahishkarinchaaru mariyu malek jahaan adhikaarika paatra teevramgaa tagginchabadindi, conny alikoli mirja rajapratinidhigaa thana sthaanaanni konasaginchadu. ayithe, mandalilo ayana undatam valla ameer kabir aayanaku apanamakam kaliginchindi, idhi pradhaanamantri maranam varaku konasaagindi.
fibravari fibravari, ameer kabir agentlu pradhana mantrini mariyu tehran sukravaaram imamnu hatya cheyadaaniki baabi kutra panninatlu aaropanalu bayatapaddayi; raaja rakshakulu abadol-ibraheem heraaveeni athani intlo daakkunnappudu alikoli mirja teevra anumaanamlo unnadu. tananu taanu vidudala chesukovadaniki, abadol-ibraheemnu longadeesukoovaalani matrame kakunda, tehranloni baabii samavesa sthalamlo athani sevakulu daadi nirvahinchaalani ottidi cheyabaddaadu. ayithe, abadol-ibraheem khaidu cheyabadataaniki matrame alikoli mirja madhyavartitvam vahinchaadu; taruvaata athanu ottoman iraaklo aasrayam pondaadu. taruvaata, aaropanalaku vyatiraekamgaa tananu taanu rakshinchukovadaaniki, alikoli mirja "baab yokka fitna" anie raasaadu. alikoli mirja ameer kabir prathyarthulatho sahakarinchinappatikii, ameer kabir tolagimpu mariyu uriteeyadaaniki kutra panina vaarilo ayana kooda unnaadane aalochanaku maddatu ivvadaaniki etuvanti aadharalu laevu. ameer kabir maranamtho, "pertia kooda maraninchindi" anie kooda ayana paerkonnaaru."
dhaar ull-phunn pradhaanoopaadhyaayudu.
dhaar ull-phun loe alikoli mirja yokka modati karyakalapam 1852 ledhaa ledhaa jarigindi, appudu athanu ameer kabir yokka kotta prabhutva kalaasaalaku pradhana pariseelakudigaa mariyu inspectorga niyaminchabaddaadu. athanu ika malek jahaan sevalo laenappatikee, thana saktivantamaina mitrudini kolpokunda undataaniki aametho manchi sambandhaalanu konasaginchadu. aame aasiirvaadamtoe shaa aasthaana nartaki ayina mahh sultan khanumnu kooda athanu vivaham chesukunnadu. athanu maleyar mariyu tuiserkan latho paatu gatamlo malek jahaan yokka estate ayina tarom governoratenu kooda andukunnadu. andukunnadu, aayanaku etezad oos-saltaneh () anae birudunu pradaanam chesaaru, endukante ayana raasina "aafghanistaanlo sanghatanalu mariyu pramaadaala charitra" anae pustakam, khushab yuddhanni gouravapradamaina vaiphalyamgaa perkondi.
alikoli mirja mirja adhikarikamga dhaar ull-phun pradhaanoopaadhyaayudu ayyadu, thana jeevitaantam varaku konasagaru. athanu yuva reja-kooli khaan hedayatnu kalaasaala pradhaanopaadhyaayudigaa mariyu rojuvaaree vyavahaaraala nirvahakudiga niyaminchaadu mariyu videshee upaadhyaayulu teesukuvacchina thana pustakaalu mariyu pustakaalato nindina pedda grandhaalayaanni nirminchaadu. mirja malcum khaan mariyu european upaadhyaayulache prothsahinchabadina alikoli mirja mirja pertialo tehran mariyu tabriz madhya modati prabhutva-nirvahana telegraph line nirminchaalani shaaku pratipaadinchaadu. telegraph line dhaar ull-phun upadhyayulalo okaraina ahmed karjbar roopondinchaaru. 1859 joolailo, shaa soltaniyelo shibiram vesinappudu, rajadhani mariyu janjanloni shibiram madhya eee rekhanu upayoginchaalsi undhi, aaa taruvaata adhi ventane tabriz cherukundi. adhe samvatsaramlo, viphalamaina hatya mariyu malcum khaan yokka faramosh khaneh gurinchi aaropanalu vacchina taruvaata nasser all-dhin shaa dhaar ull-phunnunnu muusiveeyabootunnaadu. alikoli mirja aasthaanamlo thana prabhavanni upayoginchadam dwara dheenini nirodhinchaadu.
prabhutva paatralu.
"jawahar-eah-manjum";, nasser all-dhin shaa vignaana mantritva saakhanu srushtinchi, thana talli salaha meraku, alikoli mirjanu pertia modati vignaana mantrigaa niyaminchaaru. ayana nirnayam pradhanamgaa aadhunikata mariyu sampradaayam rendinti amsaalaku alikoli mirja yokka mishrama maddatu kaaranamgaa jarigindi, endukante shaa mataachaaryula nundi edurudebbanu nivaarinchaalani korukunnadu. alaage, indulo kontha bhaagam emitante, 1860la praarambhamlo nasser all-dhin shaa erpaatu chesina prabhutva sampradimpula mandaliki chendinadi alikoli mirja. mantrigaa, alikoli mirja shaastreeya, saanketika mariyu vaidya rangaalalo tadupari vidya kosam nalabhai rendu mandhi vidyaarthula brundaanni fraansku pampaadu mariyu pertia yokka modati panditya journal ayina "rujname-yea elmia-yea daulat-yea iraan" loe konni french kathanaalanu anuvadinchi prachurinchaadu. nasser all-dhin shaa paalanalo nirvahinchina ekaika prabhutva nidhulatho kuudina eee samuuham, puurtigaa kutumba hodha kante vaari panditya viluva aadhaaramgaa empika cheyabadindi. 1860-1861 loe, alikoli mirja abul-husson khaan gafaarini pertia yokka adhikaarika gazit, "rujnameh-yae daulat-yea aliye-yae iraan" yokka sampaadakudigaa niyaminchaaru, idhi daani shilaja chitranalaku prasiddhi chendindi. alikoli mirja gatamlo "rujname-yae mellat-yea sania-yae iraan" anie piluvabade "rujname-yae mellatti" kii director kooda, idhi idhi hackim semnani sampaadakudigaa sthaapinchabadina vaarapatrika. praarambhamlo idhi prajabhipraayaanni pratibimbimchaalani uddesinchabadindi, conny idhi tvaralo saahitya patrikagaa maarindi, shaastreeya mariyu samakaaleena pertian kavulapai jeevitacharitra kathanaalanu prachurinchindi.
dasaabdam chivari natiki, athanu vidya mariyu chetipanula paryaveekshakudu ayyadu; dhaar ull-phununlooni european-modal public hospital director, mariyu tehran mariyu provinceulalo prabhutva vaartaapatrikalu mariyu printing housela director ayyadu. athanu telegraph linelu mariyu aadhunika karmagaralanu nirminchaadu, mariyu athanu thana estatenu paripaalinchaadu, dheeni aadaayaanni athanu dhaar ull-phunnun vistarinchadaaniki kharchu chesaadu. 1865-1866 loe, alikoli mirjaalo busher mariyu zolfa madhya nirminchina maroka telegraph line undedi, idhi kakasasloni british linelu mariyu russian lainlatho anusandhaaninchabadi undedi. pertialo telegraph vaegamgaa peragadamtho, nasser all-dhin shaa 1876-1877 loe telegraph karyalayanni srushtinchaadu, alikoli khaan mokbar all-dauleh daani mantrigaa unnaaru. vaanijyam, ganulu mariyu parisramalaku sambandhinchina baadhyatalu kooda kotta mantritva saakhalaku ketayinchabaddayi, ayithe 1876-1877 loe kontakaalam paatu, alikoli mirja ganulapai niyantrananu tirigi pondindi.
mukhyamgaa shaatho patuga alikoli mirja airopa paryatanalo palgonnadu mariyu reuter raayiteepai santakam chesina vaarilo okadu. athanu yerparachukunnadu raaja saasanam dwara thana atyanta mukhyamaina panditula sahakaram, modati aadhunika pertian encyclopedia, "name-eah daneswaran" nuu praarambhinchaadu.
mukhyamgaa, moshir all-dauleh salaha meraku shaah paropakari samskaranala mandalini nirvahinchinappudu, athanu alikoli mirjanu sabhyudiga niyaminchaadu. council european taraha paarlamentugaa maarutundani modata alikoli mirja aasinchaaru, conny adhi "tadupari prachara tolubomma" anie telusukuni niraasa chendaadu, thana padaviki rajinama chesaadu. aaa taruvaata, athanu moshir all-dauleh yokka pratipakshamlo cheraadu, ekkuvagaa thana sthaanaalanu kolpotamane bhayam kaaranamgaa.
patanam mariyu maranam.
1870la madhya natiki, alikoli mirja shaa vaipu mahmad husson khaan etemad all-saltana mitimeerina unikini paerkonnaadu, endukante athanu swayamgaa nasser all-dhin shaaku takkuva mukhyamaina vyaktigaa marutunnadu, mukhyamgaa mukhyamgaa malek jahaan khanom maranam taruvaata. shaa aadesaala meraku etemad all-saltana "aasthaana charitrakaarudu" ayinappudu athanu etemad all-saltaanaatho satrutvaanni yerparachukunnadu. yerparachukunnadu, samskruti, journalism mariyu patrika nigha rangaalalo alikoli mirja nirvahinchina chaalaa sthaanaalu shaa aadesaala meraku eetemad all-sultanaku badilee cheyabaddaayi; alikoli mirja "name-yae daneswaran" thoo nasser all-dhin shaa gowravaanni tirigi pondaalani uddesinchi, uddesinchi athani maranaaniki mundu modati mariyu atyanta vistrutamaina samputaanni puurti cheyagaligadu. athani maranam taruvaata, eetemad all-sultanah eee prajectuku director ayyadu mariyu daanini daanini vadaliveyadaaniki mundu aaru samputaalanu prachurinchaadu. eetemad all-sultanah shaaku vidheyathatho eee sthaanaalanu pondaadu, endukante athanu nasser all-dhin shaa nundi raashtramloni anni vaartalanu sensor chesi, itarulaku pratikuula konamlo chuupimchaalanukunnaadu; ayithe alikoli alikza thana abhipraayaalanu paakshikamgaa eppuduu bahirgatam cheyaledu.
alikoli mirja 1880 december 14naa maraninchaadu, shaa abdol-azim aalayamlo khananam cheyabaddaadu. ayana okasari vivaham chesukunnadu, oka kumarudu mariyu oka kumarte unnaaru. athani kumarte shirin all-mamalek konni pramukha saahitya vargaalanu sthaapinchindi mariyu tehran vijayamlo mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchindi. athani kumarudu, mohammed husson mirja, thana tandri maranam taruvaata thana sampada mottaanni kharchu chesaadu, tadwara raaja sevakudu kavalsi vachindi. mozafar adh-dhin shaa paalanalo, ataniki motazd all-saltana anae birudu ivvabadindi mariyu 1904 taruvaata maraninchaadu.
saahitya vrutti.
"name-yae daneswaran".
alikoli mirja yokka atyanta mukhyamaina rachana "name-yea daneswaran", idhi modati aadhunika pertian encyclopedia oka bahula-valume, aksharakramamlo kramabaddheekarinchabadina rachana, indulo muslim mariyu muslimetara panditulu, kavulu, vaidyulu, aadhyaatmikulu mariyu islam yokka perugudala nundi kazar kaalam varaku itarula gurinchi jeevita charitraatmaka kathanaalu unnaayi. vishayalanu sekarinchadaaniki, alikoli mirja shaa yokka uttarvunu praavinsula governorlaku teliyajeyaalani aadesinchaadu, tadwara prati okkaroo tama praantamlooni panditula gurinchi samacharanni namodu cheyagalaru. eee rachananu sankalanam cheyadaaniki sahakarinchadaaniki siddhamgaa unna pramukha panditulu mariyu rachayitala brundaanni kooda ayana aahvaninchaaru, vaarini interview chesi, pariseelinchina taruvaata, ayana naluguru arhata kaligina vyaktulanu empika chesi, eee pustakaanni raayadaaniki vaarini niyaminchaaru. shake mahmad mehdi shams all-ulamaa abd all-rabbidi, mirja abolfazal savji, mullah abdul wahab kazwini mariyu mirja husson taleghani empikaina rachayitalu. shake mohammed sampaadakudigaa, alikoli mirja thana jeevitakaalamlo prachurinchina pustakam yokka modati samputaanni chuusaaru. ayana maranam taruvaata, eee project director padavini etemad all-saltanaku appaginchaaru, athanu thana baabii nammakaala kaaranamgaa mirja hasannu tolaginchaadu. etemad all-saltana shinn aksharam varaku aaru samputaalanu puurti cheyagaligadu mariyu shaa nimatullah valeetho mugustundi. aaa taruvaata, eee project 1906-1907 loe vadiliveyabadindi, etemad all-saltana maraninchinappudu mariyu mozafar adh-dhin shaa daanilo marinta pettubadi pettadaniki aasakti chuupaleedu.
name-yae daneswaran" vraayadaaniki, alikoli mirja, thana vyaktigata grandhaalayamtho paatu, tehran vyapari akaa sayyad allie yokka pedda grandhaalayaanni vividha mandalikalalo sthaanika muulaalatoe upayoginchaadu, veetini rachayitalu veelainanta khachitamgaa anuvadinchaalsi vachindi. mundumaatalo vivarinchinatlugaa, ayana jeevita charitralanu sankalanam cheyadaaniki oka pratyeka chatraanni erpaatu chesaaru, indulo encyclopedia yokka paridhi-islaamik prapanchamlooni panditulandari charitra, varnamaala kramamlo mariyu prati vyaktiki kalakramanusaram vrayabadi, kashtamaina padaalu mariyu padaalanu vivarinchadam vanti konni mukhyamaina amsaalu unnaayi. athanu prati vyakti rachanala yokka goppa empikanu choppinchi, avasaramaite vaatini parshiyanloki anuvadinchaadu, vaati gurinchi vruttaamtaalanu prastaavinchaadu, saadhaarana prajalaku ardhamayye gadyamlo kantentnu vrasadu mariyu etuvanti pakshapaataanni nivaarinchaadu.
"name-yea daneswaran" nuu ippatikee panditulu, rachayitalu upayogistunnaru. eee pani iraanlo kotta shakam yokka modati samuuha prayatnam, idhi prabhutva puurti paryaveekshanhaloo nirdishta pranaalikalu, aalochanalu mariyu budjetlatho roopondinchabadindi. vignaana mantritva saakha yokka pratyeka vibhagam, name-yae daneswaran sankalana sangham dheenini rasindi.
"all-mutanabin" mariyu "" baab yokka fitna "." 
alikoli mirja iraan mariyu madhyapraachya mataalapai rendu pustakaalu raasaaru, pravachana hakkula charithratho. okati islam velupala unna zoroastrianism mariyu kraistavatvam vanti mataala charitranu kooda pariseelistundi mariyu pratyaekamgaa baabijamnu kooda vislaeshistumdi. alkoli mirja dheenini biruni yokka "gatha sataabdaala migilina sankethaalu" aadhaaramgaa roopondinchaadu, endukante athanu iraanlooni mataala charitranu kooda vivarinchaadu. "all-mutanabin" mazdak kadalikanu vivarinchadam dwara praarambhamavutundi, idhi ibn all-nadim yokka "all-fihrist" mariyu ferdovi yokka "shaname" nundi alikoli mirja kii telusu, taruvaata athani nammakalanu vislaeshistumdi. thoorpu iraan mariyu aafghanistaanloni puurva bouddha samaajaala gurinchi kooda aayanaku telusu. iraan kraistavula gurinchi alikoli mirja yokka gamanikalu armenian pithrusvaamyulatho vyaktigata correspondence mariyu tehranloni seyint sarkis kethadralnu sandarsinchadam nundi vachayi. alikoli mirja pravaktagaa hakkudaarula charitranu kooda vivaristundi mariyu anekula jeevita charitralanu rachinchindi. eee vruttaamtamloo babism gurinchi oka chinna vibhagam undhi, idhi mohammed taaki seper yokka "tarikh-eah-kazaria" nundi teesukobadindi, mariyu daani muulam vale adhe pakshapaataalu mariyu doshaalato baadhapadutondi. pustakamloni chivari vibhagam yuvaraju mariyu shekhism yokka moodava nayakudu karim khaan kermeni madhya jarigina charcha. baab yokka perugudala shekhism phalitamgaa undaa, anduvalla babism shekhism yokka varasudu kaavacchu, ledhaa baab mariyu athani anucharulu sheikh ahmed yokka nammakaala yokka nijayiti nundi tappinchukunnara anae daanipai eee charcha jarigindi.
"fitna off baab" anedi alikoli mirja baabi anie aaropinchabadina samayamlo vraayabadindi mariyu prajala nundi bedirimpulu vachayi. eee pustakam yokka prarambha samskarananu aaropanalu chesinavaariki samadhanamga prachurinchaaru, mariyu nasser all-dhin shaa mundu kortulo chadavabadindi. alikoli mirja panitho santoshinchina shaa atanni kshaminchaadu. edemaina, athanu taruvaata eee pustakaanni chaaritraka vruttaamtamgaa tirigi vraasaadu, indulo babism elaa erpadindi anae samacharam undhi mariyu tahirih mariyu sub-ii-ajal vanti daani pramukha vyaktulalo kondarini parichayam chesaadu. idhi bahavullah mariyu bahai vishwaasaaniki parichayam kaligi unna modati pertian muulam kooda.
"all-tawarikh nuu vidichipettandi".
alikoli mirja yokka modati rachana rendu samputaalalo vraayabadina "exir all-tawarikh", idhi athanu athanu 15 samvatsaraala vayassulo praarambhinchaadu. modati samputi pertia yokka puraana modati raaju ayina keyumarsto praarambhamai, jaand raajavamsam pathanamtho mugustundi. mugustundi vraayabadina rendava samputamlo modati kazar raajula charitra mariyu vaari nepathyaalu unnaayi, idhi mohammed shaa paalana enimidava samvatsaram varaku konasaagutundi. adanamgaa, modati kazar sakaaniki chendina panditulu, kavulu mariyu aadhyaatmikavettalu chaalaa vivaramgaa prastaavinchabaddaaru. thana charitralo, alikoli mirja kontamandiki gattiga anukuulamgaa untaadu mariyu itarulanu teevramgaa vyatiraekistaadu, veerilo raddu-khasim khaim-makam, athanu "shaa mariyu deshaaniki satruvu" mariyu "desadrohi" gaa chithreekarinchaadu.
alikoli mirja taruvaata eee rachanalo thana munupati abhipraayaalanu vimarsinchaadu mariyu athani "ekapaksha" rachana sailini saampradaaya charitraatmaka rachanaga abhivarninchaadu. alikoli mirja aadhunika charitra rachana anie pilavabade daaniki maargadarsakudu ayyadu. athanu thana kotta saanketikatanu "tappanisari mariyu prasamsimchae sheershikala vadakanni vidichipetti, charitra yokka ardham mariyu sankshiptatapai shraddha chuupadam" anie abhivarninchaadu.
itara panulu.
alikoli mirja charitra, khagola shaastram, kavitvamtho sahaa vividha rangaalalo vividha rachanalu raasaaru. raasaaru jyotishashaastraanni oka nakilee saastramgaa vraasina "falak all-saadaa" anae vyaasam khagola vastuvula yokka subhakaramaina ledhaa asubha prabhavalapai nammakanni tosipuchindi. jyotishashaastrampai ayana chesina vimarsalu biruni, farabi, avisenna vanti shaastreeya panditula namuunaanu anusarinchaayi. alikoli mirja yokka pragatiseela aalochanalu athani yuganiki chaalaa asaadhaaranamainavi; athanu maanava charya yokka vaastavikatanu mariyu swechhaa sankalpaanni viswasinchaadu. athanu descartes yokka "discourse dii laa methode" nuu neuton rachanala parichayamtho anuvadinchaadu. "british saamraajyamtho yuddham gurinchi mukhyamaina samacharanni kaligi unna "aafghanistaanlo sanghatanalu mariyu pramaadaala charitra", alikoli mirja yokka aadhunika charitrala prakatanaga pariganinchabadutundi.
alikoli mirja aneka prachurinchani rachanalanu kooda kaligi unnadu, veetilo fakhari anae kalam paerutoe athani diwan "jawahar-eah-manjum"; "jawahar-eah-manjum"; rachinchabadina geodecypy oka chinna grandham "arj all-baladin", maragheh observatory charitrapai "rasad khaane-vai maragheh", mariyu majandaran provins yokka bhougolikampai "joghrafiye-eah mahal-eah majandaran" vantivi ekkuvagaa yakut all-hamavi yokka "muu 'jaam all-buldan" nundi roopondinchabaddaayi.
vaarasatvam.
alikoli mirjanu kazar yugamlo atyanta prabhaavavantamaina medhaavulalo okarigaa abhivarninchaaru. thana aneka sthaanaalalo, aadhunika european aalochanalanu iraanlo vyaapti cheyadam mariyu saadhaarana kortu tagaadaalanu nivaarinchadam athani prerana. athanu thana sonta samskruti saadhinchina vijayaalanu drushtilo pettukokunda, aadhunika european saanketika mariyu vidya purogati yokka amsaalanu ekikrutam cheyagaligadu mariyu vaatini kazar vaataavaranaaniki vyuuhamtoe vartimpajesaadu. aaa kaalamlooni itara unnata sthaayi adhikaarula patla tanaku unna anni vimarsalatoe, medhavi mariyu yaatrikudaina huzz sayyah, alikoli mirjanu prasamsistuu, athanu naipunhyam kaliginavadu, vimarsinchadaginavaadu mariyu salahalanu vinadaniki ellappuduu siddhamgaa untaadani paerkonnaadu. shaa adhikaranni edurkonagalige prabhaavavantamaina yuvarajuga, athanu sampradaayavaada ottidini thattukogaligadu mariyu mukhyamgaa aadhunika saastraalu mariyu matha adhyayanam rangaalalo saampradaayetara abhipraayaalanu swechchagaa pradarsinchaadu. athanu oka taram saahitya mariyu saamskrutika vyaktulanu poeshinchaadu mariyu thana vruttamlo anukuulata laeni vaariki kooda aasrayam icchaadu.
1850luu mariyu 1860la naati alikoli mirja saahitya vargalalo kavi khaani, yuvaraju sahayamtho shaa aasthaanaaniki parichayam cheyabaddaadu; vyaasakarta mirja taher isfahani; mariyu dhaar ull-phunun loe saampradaaya vaidya upadhyayudu mirja ahmed kashani unnaaru. athani pratyarthulu saadhaaranamgaa atanni mariyu athani saahitya vruttaanni ratriputa samavesalu mariyu bhogavaada abhiruchulanu aaropinchaaru, indulo ehtesham oll-saltaneh kooda unnaaru, athanu alkoli mirjanu streelingam chesi, madyapaana pootiilanu nirvahinchinanduku khandinchaadu.
ameer kabir yokka raajaneetignata pramaanaala prakaram, mantrigaa ayana sudeergha padaveekaalam saadhinchina vijayalu chaalaa takkuvagaa unnappatikee, bahya mariyu antargata paristhitulu atuvanti maarpuku anukuulamgaa laeni samayamlo ayana aadhuneekaranaku vaastavika maargadarsigaa unnaaru. saamskrutika jaateeyavaadam yokka athani vrutti lakshanaalu athani "name-yea daneswaran" yokka prothsaaham mariyu iraan gurinchi chaaritraka mariyu shaastreeya rachanala prachuranalo, alaage 1860 la praarambhamlo athani sodarudu jalal all-dhin mirja mariyu mirja malcum khaan yokka faramosh khaane vanti asammati vyaktulaku athani paroksha maddatulo kanipistaayi. athani aadhunika swabhaavam dhaar ull-phunpai pratibimbimchimdi, endukante idhi taruvaata iranian ghnaanoodayam yokka moolaalalo okatigaa maarindi.

