
confederate waar finance

samakhya yuddha aardhika vyavasthalo vividha margalu, aardhika mariyu dravya amsaalu unnaayi, dheeni dwara america samakhya rashtraalu 1861-1865 yokka american antaryuddham samayamlo daani yuddha prayatnaalaku nidhulu samakuurchaayi. endukante yuddham samakhya yokka daadaapu mottam unikini konasaaginchindi, sainika parigananalu jaateeya aardhika vyavasthapai aadhipatyam chelayinchayi.
yuddha praarambhamlo samakhya aadaayaanni penchadaaniki ekkuvagaa digumatulapai sunkaalu mariyu egumatulapai pannulapai aadhaarapadindi. ayithe, 1861loe swachchandamgaa sweeya-aankshalanu vidhinchadamtho (airopa pattini "aakalitho" unchadam mariyu samakhyaku doutyaparamaina gurtimpunu balavantam cheyadam), alaage 1861 eprillo prakatinchi, union naevii amalu chesina dakshina naukaasrayaala digbandhanamtho, antarjaateeya vaanijyampai pannula nundi vachhe aadaayam taggindi. adevidhamgaa, samakhya kaaranaaniki maddatugaa private vyaktula nundi naanhelu mariyu buliyanla prarambha swachchanda viraalaala dwara pondina aardhika sahayam, idhi praarambhamlo chaalaa gananeeyamgaa niroopinchabadindi, 1861 chivari natiki endipoyindi. phalitamgaa, samakhya prabhutvam thana sainika kaaryakalaapaalaku aardhika sahayam cheyadaaniki itara maargaalanu aasrayinchaalsi vachindi. yuddha-pannu" amalu cheyabadindi, conny vasoolu cheyadam kashtam anie niroopinchabadindi. adevidhamgaa, dakshinaana union aastini swaadheenam chesukovadam mariyu dakshinaadi vaariki chendina runaalanu uttaraadi vaariki balavantamgaa tiraskarinchadam gananeeyamaina aadaayaanni penchadamlo viphalamayyayi. aaa taruvaata prabhutva runa jaarii, confederate dollarla gananeeyamaina mudrana adhika dravyolbananiki dohadapaddayi, idhi yuddham mugise varaku confederacyni peedinchindi. eee rangamlo sainika edurudebbalu kooda aatmavisvaasaanni kolpovadam dwara mariyu dravyolbana anchanaalanu penchadam dwara paatra poeshinchaayi.
yuddham praarambhamlo, samakhya dollar viluva 90 sentla bangaaram (union) dollarlu. yuddham mugise samayaniki, daani dhara 0.2017kuu padipoyindi. mottammeeda, dakshinaadiloo yuddha samayamlo dharalu nelaku sagatuna 26 saatam choppuna, 9000% kante ekkuvagaa perigayi. samakhya raashtraala khazana karyadarshi christopher memminger (karyalayamlo 1861-1864), dravyolbanam mariyu vishwaasa nashtam valla talette aardhika samasyala gurinchi baga telusu. ayithe, raajakeeya parigananalu antargata pannu saamarthyaanni parimitam chesaayi, swachchanda aankshalu mariyu union digbandham amalulo unnanta varaku, tagina pratyaamnaaya aardhika vanarulanu kanugonadam asadhyam.
pannu aardhika.
uttaraadi kante dakshinaadi daani kharchulalo chaalaa takkuva bhaganni pratyaksha pannula dwara nidhulu samakuurchindi. uttaraadi mottam aadaayamlo pratyaksha pannula vataa sumaru 20 saatam undagaa, dakshinaadi vataa kevalam 8 saatam matrame. samakhyaku pannu aadaayam antha pedda paatra pooshinchakapoovadaaniki chaalaa kaaranam balamaina kendra prabhutvaaniki vyaktigata raashtraala vyatiraekata mariyu raashtraala hakkulapai nammakam, idhi richmandlo prabhutvaaniki ekkuva pannu vidhinche adhikaranni ivvadaanni minahaayinchindi. chaaritraatmakamgaa rashtraalu moulika sadupayalu ledhaa praja vastuvulalo takkuva dabbunu pettubadi pettayi. pannu vyavasthanu marinta vistrutamgaa vistarinchakapovadaaniki maroe kaaranam, yuddham parimita vyavadhilo jarugutundani, anduvalla pannu bharanni penchadaaniki balavantapu kaaranam ledani uttara, dakshina praantaalalo unna nammakam.
ayithe, sudeergha yuddham yokka vaastavaalu, ippatike unna runampai vaddii chellinchaalsina avasaram, itara vanarula nundi vachhe aadaayaalu taggadam, 1861 madhya natiki kendra samakhya prabhutvam mariyu vyaktigata rashtraalu rendoo "yuddha pannu" vidhinchadaaniki angeekarinchavalasi vachindi."aagashtu 15,1861naa aamodinchabadina eee chattam $500 (samakhya) kante ekkuva viluva kaligina aasti mariyu aneka vilaasavantamaina vastuvulanu cover chesindi. baanisala yaajamaanyampai kooda pannu vidhinchabadindi. ayithe, pannu vasoolu cheyadam chaalaa kashtamgaa maarindi. 1862loe, mottam aadaayamlo kevalam 5 saatam matrame pratyaksha pannula nundi vachindi, 1864 varaku aaa mottam 10 saatam kanishta sthaayiki cherukoledu.
sekarana kashtalanu parigananaloki teesukuni, confederate congress 1863 eprillo oka rakamaina pannunu aamodinchindi, idhi raashtraala vaareegaa mottam vyavasaya utpattilo padava vantugaa nirnayinchabadindi. eee pannu neerugaa samakhya sainyam yokka erpaatutho mudipadi undhi, idhi konni sekarana samasyalanu kooda edurkonnappatiki, idhi ekkuvagaa vijayavantamaindi. dheenini amalu chesina taruvaata, karenseeki samanamga maarchinatlayithe, idhi mottam aadaayamlo sagam vatanu kaligi untundi.
dravya aardhika mariyu dravyolbanam.
currency samasyala dwara (mudrinche dabbu) yuddha kharchulaku aardhika sahayam cheyadam samakhya prabhutvam aasrayinchina pradhana maargam. 1862 mariyu 1865 madhya, mottam aadaayamlo 60 saataaniki paiga eee vidhamgaa srushtinchabadindi. yuddha samayamlo uttaraadi thana dabbu sarafaraanu rettimpu cheyagaa, dakshinaana dabbu sarafara iravai retlu perigindi.
yuddhaaniki aardhika sahayam cheyadaaniki dabbu-mudrana patrikalapai vistrutamgaa aadharapadatam valla yuddha samayamlo dakshinaadi anubhavinchina adhika dravyolbananiki gananeeyamgaa dohadapadindi, ayithe aardhika vishayalu mariyu pratikuula yuddha vaartalu kooda oka paatra poeshinchaayi. dravyolbana paridhi anchanaalu muulam, upayoginchina paddhati, anchanaa saanketikata mariyu mottam dhara sthaayi nirvachananni batti maarutuu untaayi. 1956loe eugene learner chesina oka praamaanika adhyayanam prakaram, 1865 eprillo yuddham praarambhamlo vastuvula praamaanika dharala suuchika 100 nundi 9200 kante ekkuvaku perigindi. 1864 aktobaru natiki, dharala suuchika 2800 vadda undhi, idhi yuddha chivari aaru nelallo dharala perugudalalo chaalaa ekkuva bhaagam jarigindani suuchistumdi. dabbu kosam demand taggadam, "dabbu vegam" loe sambandhita perugudala (tadupari paeraanu chudandi) mariyu dharala sthaayilo phalitamgaa vegavantamaina perugudala dakshina sainika vijayampai vishwaasam kolpovadam ledhaa dakshinaadi yokka vijayam swaatantryam kosam prayatnam.
yuddha samayamlo samakhyalo dravyolbanaanni kullipovadaniki learner dabbu parimaana siddhaantaanni upayoginchaadu, idhi dabbu sarafara perugudala, dabbu vegamlo maarpulu mariyu dakshina aardhika vyavastha yokka nijamaina utpattilo maarpu phalitamgaa erpadindi. marpidi sameekaranam prakaaram
suutram _ 1
ikkada m anedi dabbu sarafara, v anedi dabbu yokka vegam (dabbu kosam prajala demandku sambandhinchinadi), p anedi dhara sthaayi mariyu y anedi nijamaina avtput. yuddha samayamlo dakshinaadiloo nijamaina aadaayaalu sthiramgaa unnayani bhaavinchinatlayithe (learner vaastavaaniki avi sumaru 40 saatam padipoyayani nirdhaarinchaaru) appudu sameekaranam suuchistumdi, dabbu sarafaraalo 20 retlu perugudala samakshamlo dhara sthaayi 92 retlu peragalante, dabbu vegam 4.6 retlu perigi undaali (92/20 = 4.6), idhi dabbu kosam demandlo chaalaa gananeeyamaina taggudalanu pratibimbistumdi.
uttaraadi nundi nakilee notla pravaham valla dabbu valla kalige dravyolbana samasyalu marinta perigayi. samakhyalo aadhunika mudrana parikaraalu lenanduna dakshina "graybacklu" chaalaa mudivi mariyu coppy cheyadam sulabham kabatti ivi samruddhiga undevi. uttara nakilee vyaktulalo atyanta phalavantamaina mariyu atyanta prasiddhulalo okaru shamyul sii. philadelphia nundi upam. oka lekka prakaram juun 1862 mariyu augustu 1863 madhya mottam samakhya dabbu sarafaraalo upam notlu 1 nundi 2.5 saatam madhya undevi. jefferson davis upampai $10,000 bahumatini unchaadu, ayithe dakshinaana "yanki scoundrell" anie piluvabade athanu dakshina agentlache swaadheenam chesukovadanni tappinchukunnadu. nakileelu uttaraadiki kooda oka samasyaga undedi, eee samasyanu parishkarinchadaaniki united states rahasya seva erpadindi.
1864 april 1naa, 1864 currency samskarana chattam amaluloki vachindi. idhi dakshinaadi dabbu sarafaraanu moodinta oka vanthu tagginchindi. ayithe, mississippi nadipai union niyantrana kaaranamgaa, janavari 1865 varaku eee chattam mississippi kii thoorpuna matrame amalulo undhi.
yuddha samayamlo chaalaa vichitramaina aardhika drugvishayam sambhavinchindi, samakhya prabhutvam saadhaarana notlu mariyu vaddiinichee dabbu rendintinee jaarii chesindi. united states kooda yuddha samayamlo vaddeeni kaligi unna notlanu jaarii chesindi, ivi chaalaa aardhika lavadevilaku chattabaddhamainavi. vaddiinichee dabbu yokka prasarana mariyu oka rakamaina dabbunu maroka rakamgaa marchadam fiat dwara amalu cheyabadindi mariyu dakshina byaankulu sahakarinchakapothe bangaaru pramaanaaniki tirigi vastaayani bedirinchabaddaayi. vidaeseeyulu kaligi unna dakshinaadi runa mottam kaaranamgaa, currency convertibilityni sulabhataram cheyadaaniki, 1863loe confederate congress bangaaru pramaanaanni avalambinchaalani nirnayinchindi. conny convertibility 1879 varaku amalu cheyabadaledu (1863 chattam ennadoo amalu cheyabadaledu, endukante idhi 1873 naanhela chattam mariyu samakhya mugimpu dwara bharti cheyabadindi).
runa aardhika.
jaarii chesina runaalu samakhya yuddha vyayamlo sumaru 21 saatam aardhikamgaa unnaayi. praarambhamlo dakshinaadi uttaraadi kante runaanni vikrayinchadamlo marinta vijayavantamaindi, endukante nyuu orleans oka pradhana aardhika kendramgaa undedi. daani financierlu 1861 praarambhamlo 15 million dollarla runamlo aidava rendu vantulanu konugolu chesaaru.
yuddha samayamlo dakshinaadi jaarii chesina rendu pradhana rakaala runaalu "cotton baandlu", ivi pounds sterlinglo suuchimchabadi, londonlo vikrayinchabaddaayi mariyu netherlandslo vikrayinche adhika pramaadakara maddatu laeni runaalu. patthi bandhaalanu neerugaa patthi bellagaa maarchavacchu, samakhyanu gurtinchadaaniki european deshaalapai raajakeeya ottidi saadhanamgaa cherchabadina oka heccharikatho, atuvanti sarukulanu baand holder digbandham cheyabadina dakshina naukaasrayaalalo okadaanilo (ekkuvagaa nyuu orleans) teesukellaalsina avasaram undani. 
patthi baandlu praarambhamlo chaalaa prachuryam pondaayi mariyu british vaarilo adhika demand kaligi unnaayi; aaa samayamlo khazanaku chhansalarga unna vilium evert gladstone konugoludaarulalo okarigaa bhavinchabaddadu-athani kutumba sampada west indiisloo baanisatvam nundi vachindi. samakhya prabhutvam yuddham antataa patthi baandlanu gouravinchagaligindi, vaastavaaniki atlanta shermanku padipoye varaku vaati dhara baga perigindi. eee perugudala antarleena patthi dharala perugudala mariyu bahusha georg bii. mcclellan shanti vedikapai america adhyakshudiga ennika kaavochu. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, dutch jaarii chesina adhika pramaada runaala dhara yuddham antataa padipoyindi, mariyu dakshinaadi eee baadhyatalanu nirvartinchadamlo empikagaa viphalamaindi.
fraanslo teevramaina nidhula sekarana 1862 baand ammakam nundi paarislooni erlanger byaankuku £3 millionlu (sumaru $14.5m US dollarlalo) raabattindi. adhi punaraavrutam kaaledu.
pradhana samakhya vaiphalyam european aardhika maddatu mariyu sainika jokyampai daani banking, conny idhi "patthi raaju" anae apohanu niroopinchindi. yuddham prarambhamainappudu britainlo pedda mottamlo patthi nilvalu unnanduna dakshina patthi kante uttara dhanyam atyavasaramgaa avasaramaindi.
antarjaateeya vaanijyam nundi vachhe aadaayam.
yuddham praarambhamlo, dakshinaadi prabhutvaaniki ekkuva aardhika sahayam antarjaateeya vaanijyampai sunkaala dwara vachedi. 1861 maeloe amalu cheyabadina digumati sunkam, 12.5% gaa nirnayinchabadindi mariyu idhi gatamlo unna 1857 federal sunkam, sunkam paridhiloki dadapuga saripolutundi. fibravari 17 mariyu 1861 mae 1 madhya, mottam prabhutva aadaayamlo 65 saatam digumati sunkam nundi penchabadindi. ayithe, union dakshina tiiraalanu digbandhinchina taruvaata sunkaala nundi vachhe aadaayam anthaa adrusyamaindi. 1861 november natiki customs sunkaala nundi vachhe prabhutva aadaaya nishpatti oka saatamlo sagaaniki padipoyindi. eee sunkam modati samvatsaramlone sumaru 25 million dollarla aadaayaanni testundani treaser memminger karyadarshi anchanaa vaesaaru. conny mottam yuddha samayamlo eee vidhamgaa sekarinchina mottam aadaayam kevalam $34 laksala matrame.
patthi egumatulapai pannu kooda idhe vidhamaina nidhula vanarugaa undalsi undhi. ayithe, digbandhanaaniki sambandhinchina ibbandulatoe paatu, patthi meeda sweeya-vidhinchina aanksha antey anni aacharanaatmaka prayojanaala kosam pannu nidhula sekaranagaa puurtigaa asamarthamgaa undindi. eee pannu dwara sekarinchavalasina aadaayam gurinchi prarambha aasaajanaka anchanaalu 20 million dollarla varaku unnaayi, conny chivariki $30,000 matrame sekarinchabaddaayi.
itara aadaaya vanarulu.
samakhya prabhutvam kooda saampradaayetara maargaala dwara aadaayaanni penchadaaniki prayatninchindi. 1861 modati ardhabhaagamlo, vaerpaatuku maddatu, sainika prayatnaalu balamgaa saagutunnappudu, naanhelu, bangaaram viraalamgaa prabhutvaaniki mottam prabhutva nidhula vanarulalo 35 saatam vatanu kaligi unnaayi. ayithe, dakshinaadilooni vyaktulu mariyu samsthalu rendoo tama vyaktigata bangaaram nilvalanu tagginchukunnanduna, yuddha alasata praarambhamainanduna viraalaalu ivvadaaniki ishtapadananduna eee muulam kalakramena endipoyindi. paryavasanamga, 1862 vesavi natiki, eee viraalaala nundi vachhe prabhutva aadaayamlo vataa 1 saatam kante takkuvagaa padipoyindi. mottam yuddha samayamlo, eee aadaaya vanaru mottam yuddhakaala kharchulo kevalam 0.20% matrame dohadapadindi.
dakshinaana uttaraadi vaariki chendina aasti mariyu bhouthika mooladhanamlo mariyu vyaktulu samaantaramgaa chellinchaalsina runaalalo aardhika vanaru yokka maroka sambhaavya vanaru kanugonavacchu. 1861 naati sequestration chattam anni union bhoomulu, nivaasaalu, vastuvulu mariyu aastulu, hakku mariyu runaalu japthu cheyadaaniki mariyu uttara runadaatala nundi samakhya pourula runa baadhyatanu neerugaa samakhya prabhutvaaniki badilee cheyadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. ayithe, chaalaa mandhi dakshinaadi prajalu tama runa baadhyatalanu badilee cheyadaaniki ishtapadaledu. antekakunda, "uttara aasti" antey emiti anedi aacharanalo nirvachinchadam kashtam. phalitamgaa, prabhutva nidhulalo eee aadaaya vanaru vataa ennadoo 0.34% nuu minchaledu mariyu chivariki mottam aardhika yuddha prayatnaalaku 0.25% matrame dohadapadindi.
kharchulu.
aascharyakaramgaa, yuddha samayamlo sainika vyayam jaateeya prabhutva budjetlo atipedda bhaagamgaa undagaa, kalakramena sampaadinchina runampai vaddii mariyu asalu chellimpu samakhya prabhutva vyayamlo bhaagamgaa perigindi. praarambhamlo, 1861 praarambhamlo, yuddha vyayam budjetlo 95 saatam undagaa, aktobaru 1864 natiki aaa vataa 40 saataaniki padipoyindi, migilina vaatilo ekkuva bhaagam (mottam 56 saatam) runa seva dwara lekkinchabadindi. poura kharchulu mariyu naavikaadalampai kharchu (samakhya recordulalo saadhaarana yuddha kharchula nundi vidigaa namodu cheyabadindi) eppuduu budjetlo 10 saataanni minchaledu.