bawana mkubwa

bawana mkubwa (ledhaa bawana mkubwa; antey "pedda nayakudu"; ledhaa "goppa yajamani") anedi jambialoni raagi belt provincelo unna oka sthaavaram mariyu gani. idhi zambia raagi belt praantamloo atyanta puraatanamaina gani. purapalaka hodha laeni sthaavaramgaa, eee praantamloo samruddhiga unna raagi nikshepaala kaaranamgaa idhi oka praantamgaa maarindi. nedu, idhi nandola loe bhaagam.
vyutpatti.
paeru yokka muulam yokka aneka samskaranalu ivvabaddaayi. praacheena panulaku daariteesina vilium collier mariyu jaak donoho, sthaanikulaku 'bawana mkubwa' anie piluvabade sthaanika commissioner frances emilius fletcher johns paeru meeda ganula tavvakam praantaaniki 'bawana mkubwa' anie paeru pettaru.
bhougolikam.
bawana mkubwa mkubwa haiveku thoorpuna cuffue nadhi sameepamlo zambian raagi belt yokka dakshina vistaranalo undhi. nandola nagara kendram vaayuvya disalo undhi. idhi bawana mkubwa rakshita atavee praantamloo ettulo undhi. idhi adhe paerutoe unna niyojakavargamlo undhi.
rajakeeyaalu.
eee pattanaaniki jaateeya assemblylo bawana mkubwa niyojakavargam praatinidhyam vahistundi.
janabha.
modati prapancha yuddham taruvaata, taruvaata, bawana mkubwalo baluba, chambishi, chibuluma, mindola, mufulira, nkana mariyu rone jinka ganula ganula aastulu undevi. undevi, bawana mkubwa raagi ganula company oka praja pattanaaniki leavutlanu pratipaadinchindi. ayithe, 1931 natiki, daanipai parimita purogati undhi mariyu sthaanika prabhutva pannu unte takkuva laabhaala gurinchi aandolanala kaaranamgaa tudi pratipaadana tiraskarinchabadindi.
rendava prapancha yuddhamlo uttara rodeshiyaaku vacchina vaelaadi mandhi polish saranaarthulanu sweekarinchadaaniki upayoginche pradhana shibiraalalo bawana mkumbwa okati. british sainyam aadhvaryamlo oka shibiram kosam uttara rhodatian prabhutvaaniki rokana corporation bhoomini leejuku ichindi. ichindi yuddham mugise samayaniki, saranaarthulu vaerae chota undagaligaaru ledhaa valasa vellagaligaaru. vaari gouravaartham bawana mkubwa vadda polish rendava prapancha yuddham smaaraka chihnam nirminchabadindi.
paripalana mariyu ennikala parigananala prakaram, bawana makubwalo 118,464 janabha unnatlu nivedinchabadina phalitamgaa, nandola nagara mandali bawana makubwa mariyu nandola centralnu rendu ververu niyojakavargaalugaa vibhajinchaalani pratipaadinchindi. oka niyojakavargaanni vibhajinchavachaa ledhaa anie nirnayinche maargadarsakaala prakaram, oka niyojakavargaaniki sagatuna kaneesam 57,700 janabha undaali. marchi marchi jarigina delimitation public charchapai zambia ennikala sangham (issiged) samavesamlo eee pratipaadananu pratipaadinchaaru. ayinappatikee, bawana mkubwa samajam malaria nivaarana, paatasaala soukaryaala merugudalalu, muruguneeti mariyu traaguneeti vyavastha merugudalalu, alaage vanyapraanula samrakshana vanti prajectulalo paalgontundi.
charitra.
bawana mkubwa vadda raagi dhaatuvu pani puraatanamainadi. padnaalugo ledhaa padihenava sataabdaala praarambhamlo, taruvaati sataabdaalaloo bawana mkubwa mariyu kansanshi, kipushi vanti itara raagi belt praantaalalo nirvahinchina ganula tavvakam kaaryakalaapaalaku chaaritraka aadharalu unnaayi, ivi airopa nundi ganula tavvakam anveshakula aasaktini rekettinchaayi.
rekettinchaayi praarambhamaina bawana mkubwa jambialoni raagi belt praantamloo atyanta puraatanamaina gani. dheenini rhodesia raagi samstha kanugonnadi. londonlo namodu cheyabadina bawana mkubwa raagi ganula company company erpadindi. erpadindi, susman sodarulu tama nakana raagi hakkulanu bawana mkubvaaku samarpinchaaru, conny aaa pratipaadana tiraskarinchabadindi.
modati prapancha yuddham mugisina taruvaata, taruvaata bawana mkubwa raagi ganula company teliade prakriyanu upayoginchi takkuva sthaayi khanijala nundi raagini velikiteese avakaasaanni parisoedhimchae bhaarii karyakramanni praarambhinchindi. eee prayojanam kosam, vaaru londonku chendina samstha ayina khanija vibhajana agencyni, eee rangamlo aneka petentlatho kuudina pratyeka agencyni nimagnam chesaaru. daani taruvaata rojuku 1000 tannula dhaatuvunu nirvahinchagala saamarthyam kaligina takkuva sthaayi raagi (4.25% raagi) nuu nirvahinchadaaniki "perkins prakriya" anie piluvabade kotta prosessing saanketikatanu erpaatu cheyadam jarigindi; anchanaa vesina raagi nilva 37 laksala tannulu. 1922 nundi pani praarambhamaindi. ayithe, velikiteeta prakriya, pratyamnaayamgaa tayaaru chesina malachite namuunaalanu upayoginchi dhaatuvu nundi raagi saataanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki avalambinchina itara paddhatulu (parisoedhimchina pradaesaalaloo laenivi), prakriya prarambha samvatsaraallo nashtalanu chavichusina companyki vinaasakaramainavigaa niroopinchabaddaayi. chivariki dheeni phalitamgaa 1931 eprillo ganulu moosiveyabaddaayi. companyni rhodatian kango sarihaddu raayitee limited kuu vikrayinchaaru.", mariyu idhi rukhana corporation niyantranaloki vachindi. idhi 1952 nundi raagi beltlooni merugaina pradaesaalanu parisoedhimchimdi, dheeni phalitamgaa bawana mkubwa raagi ganula tavvakam praantamgaa praamukhyata pondindi.
pondindi khanijala vibhajana dwara dhaathuvupai chesina prayogaala varusa balamtho bawana mkubwa tirigi muuladhanamgaa maarchabadindi, 1920la chivaralo ernest oppenheimer uttara rhodesian maining parisramalo americanlu aadhipatyam chelayinchakunda nirodhinchindi.
nirodhinchindi praananashtam jarigina vaarini vaidya chikitsa kosam bawana mkubvaaku taralinchaaru.
raagi prosessing plant plant sumaru $30 millionla vyayamtho nirminchabadindi. idhi modata samvatsaraaniki 10,000 tannula saamarthyam kaligina puurtayina raagi kaligina aidella jeevitakaala swalpakaalika karmagaramga nirminchabadindi.
nirminchabadindi, ganula tavvakam soukaryam vistarinchabadindi mariyu ganilo 11,878 tannula raagi cathode mariyu 88,198 tannula sulfuric aamlam utpatti cheyabadindi. bawana mkubwa sx-yuu plant plant 25402 tannula raagi cathode utpattini kaligi undagaa, october idhi 77 saatam taggi 5851 tannulaku padipoyindi.
october october, karyakalapalu nilipiveyabaddaayi mariyu karmagaranni samrakshana mariyu nirvahanapai unchaaru. ganulanu moosiveyadam 400 mandhi udyogulapai samajikamga pratikuula saamaajika, aardhika prabhavanni choopindi. janavari praarambhinchindi, modati quantum khanijalu (eff kyuu emm) kango prajaasvaamya ganatantramlo ksheeninchina lonshi gani nundi nilva chesina dhaatuvunu proses cheyadaaniki bawana mkubwa yokka raagi sx/eedablue (draavakam velikiteeta mariyu electroining) plaantnu tirigi praarambhinchaayi. zambia mariyu kango madhya sarihaddunu tirigi teravadam phalitamgaa idhi jarigindi. eff kyuu emm thana prosessing plantlaku aaharam andinchadaaniki adanapu pradaesaalanu kanugonadaaniki kooda charya praarambhinchindi. praarambhinchindi, tama kotta karyakalapala phalitamgaa nelaku sumaru 800 tannula raagi kaathodla utpatti jarugutundani vaaru anchanaa vaesaaru. proses cheyadaaniki sthaapinchabadina plant yokka asalu tailing soukaryam chaalaa kaalam nundi ayipoyindi. ayithe, augustu 2010 natiki, eff kyuu emm mudi padaarthaalu aipoyayani, ganulanu moosivestunnatlu prakatinchindi.
daani raagi prosessing plantlaku aaharam andinchadaaniki tagina adanapu pradaesaalanu anusaristunnappudu, draavakam velikiteeta mariyu electroining (sx/eedablue) prosessing plaantnu upayoginchi bawana mkubwa plantlo eff qm karyakalapalu 2010 chivari varaku nelaku sumaru 800 tannula raagi cathode utpattini oohinchina saanukuula gamanikatho prarambhamayyayi. idhi zambia mariyu kango madhya sarihaddunu iteevala tirigi terichina phalitamgaa jarigindi, idhi companyki kongoloni lonshi open pitt gani nundi nilva chesina khanijalanu proses cheyadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi.

