spanish-taragati yuddhanauka

espana" taragati anedi 1909 mariyu 1921 madhya spanish naavikaadalam kosam nirminchina moodu bhayankaramaina yuddhanaukalu,,, mariyu. britton mariyu fransto anadhikaarika paraspara rakshana oppandamlo bhaagamgaa eee noukalanu aadesinchaaru mariyu british maddatutoe nirminchaaru. modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo UK sarafara chesina samagri korata kaaranamgaa, mukhyamgaa moodava nauka nirmaanam gananeeyamgaa aalasyamaindi, mukhyamgaa aayudhalu; "jaim ii" daadaapu 1915 maeloe puurtayimdi, conny 1919 varaku aame tupaakulu pampinhee kaaledu. speyin puurti chesina ekaika dreadnaflu mariyu yea desham nirminchina rakamlo atichinnavi. balaheenamaina spanish aardhika vyavastha mariyu ippatike unna naavikaadala moulika sadupayalache vidhinchabadina parimitula kaaranamgaa taragati yokka parimita sthaanabhramsham avasaramaindi, enimidi tupaakula pradhana byaatareeni chaerchadaaniki kavacham mariyu vegampai raajeelu avasaram.
avasaram panama kaaluva prarambha samayamlo speyinku praatinidhyam vahinchina speyin, aaa samvatsaram taruvaata sevaloki pravesinchina tarvaata "alphonso xiii" thoo sikshanaa vyayaamaalanu nirvahinchindi. rendu noukalu uttara mariyu dakshina americaku suduura prayaanaalanu nirvahinchaayi, chillie teeramlo pramaadavasaattu neelakuuladamtoe "espana" debbatindi. rendu noukalu, 1921 madhyalo praarambhamaina gharshanalo nimagnamaina bhuu dalaalaku tupaki kaalpula maddatunu andinchaayi, mariyu aaa samvatsaram taruvaata aame praarambhinchina taruvaata "jaim ii" akkada vaaritho cherindi. tagginchindi, "espana" cape tress fores nundi gattiga neelakuulipooyindi, ayithe bandla sthaanaalapai bambu daadi chesindi mariyu 1924 novemberlo tuphaanu debbatinadamto oodanu naasanam cheyadaaniki mundu vidudala cheyalekapoyindi. aame thupaakeelalo konni rakshinchabaddaayi mariyu taruvaata speyinlo teerapraanta firangulugaa upayoginchabaddaayi. aaa taragatiki chendina rendu manugadalo unna noukalu alhusemas vadda digadaaniki maddatu icchaayi, ikkada "alphonso xiii" pradhana noukagaa panichesindi.
oodinchagaligaayi raaju alphonso xii tolaginchabadi, rendava spanish ganatantram prakatinchabadina taruvaata, "alphonso xiii" paerunu "espana" gaa marcharu mariyu kharchulanu tagginchadaaniki taragati yokka iddaru sabhyulanu reserve gaa tagginchaaru. tagginchaaru zemi ii naukaadala flagshipga upayoginchadaaniki tirigi sevaloki vachindi. 1930la madhyalo noukalanu aadhuneekarinche pranaalikalu spanish antaryuddham praarambhamtho antaraayam kaliginchaayi. "spanish" "nuu sangharshana praarambhamlo tirugubaatu jaateeyavaada vargam swaadheenam chesukundi, ayithe ganatantra prabhutvam" "jaim ii" "paie niyantrananu konasaaginchindi". "uttara speyinlo ganatantra-niyantrita naukaasrayaala digbandhanaanni amalu cheyadaaniki "espana" upayoginchabadindi; spanish ganatantra naavikaadalam digbandhanaanni vichchinnam cheyadaaniki kluptamgaa "jaim ii" nuu moharinchindi, conny yea paksham kooda maroka vaipu daadi cheyaledu. "1937 eprillo oka ganipai daadi chesina taruvaata "espana" poyindi, ayithe daadaapu aame mottam sibbandi rakshinchabaddaaru. "1937 juunloo pramaadavasaattu jarigina paeluduloe naasanam kaavadaaniki mundu yuddha samayamlo german mariyu italian bomberlu "jaim ii" paie daadi chesaaru. "jaim ii" nundi tupaakulu swaadheenam chesukuni teerapraanta byaatareela kosam upayoginchabaddaayi.
nepathyam.
1898 naati spanish-american yuddhamlo desham yokka vinaasakaramaina nashtalaku spanish prajalu naavikaadalaanni nindinchaaru, ayithe daanini aadhuneekarinchi punarnirminchaalsina avasaranni gurtinchaaru. naukaadalaanni punarnirminchadaaniki modati prayatnam 1903 naati naukaadala pranaalikaloo jarigindi, idhi edu yuddhanaukalu mariyu moodu cruiserlapy kendreekrutamaina naukaadalaanni korindi. balaheenamaina spanish aardhika vyavasthaku eee pranaalika chaalaa pratishtaatmakamgaa niroopinchabadindi mariyu asthira spanish paarlamentu nidhulu andinchalekapoyindi. 1905 naati naukaadala pranaalika enimidi yuddhanaukalu, aneka torpedo padavalu mariyu jalaantargaamula samudaayaanni pratipaadinchindi; eee pranaalika spanish prabhutva balaheenatalaku mariyu prajala maddatu lekapovataniki kooda guraindi. antarjaateeya parinaamaalu, mukhyamgaa modati moraco sankshobhamlo germanytho vibhedaalu, spanish prabhutvaaniki pradhana naukaadala nirmaana karyakramanni praarambhinchadaaniki avasaramaina prerana mariyu praja maddatunu andinchaayi.
1904 eprillo, britton mariyu france german vistaranavaadaanni vyatirekinchadaaniki vaari saampradaaya satrutvaanni pakkanapetti, "entent cardial" kuu cherukunnayi. eee oppandam neerugaa speyinnu prabhaavitam chesindi endukante idhi morakopai niyantrana vishayalanu parishkarinchi, tanziernu ummadi british-french-spanish niyantranalo unchindi. eee oppandam speyinnu britton mariyu fransto marinta sannihitam chesindi, idhi 1907 maeloe moodu prabhutvaala madhya notla maarpidiki daariteesindi, appatiki antonio maura netrutvamloni balamaina mantrivargam adhikaaramloki vachindi. german netrutvamloni kendra saktulanu kaligi undataaniki eee notlu oka anadhikaarika oppandaanni srushtinchaayi; britton uttara samudramlo raaja naavikaadalamloo ekkuva bhaganni kendrikaristundi, ayithe speyin italii mariyu austria-hangari yokka samyukta naukaadalaalaku vyatiraekamgaa french naavikaadalaaniki maddatu ivvadaaniki thana naukaadalaanni dohadapadutundi. spanish naukaadalam kosam kotta yuddhanaukalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki britton mariyu france saanketika sahayanni andistaayi. tadanugunamgaa, maura 1907 naati naukaadala pranaalikanu surakshitamgaa pondindi, idhi moodu yuddhanaukalu, aneka vidhvamsaka noukalu, torpedo padavalu mariyu itara naukala nirmaanaanni pratipaadinchindi. nirmaana pranaalika enimidi samvatsaraala paatu konasaagaalani bhaavinchaaru. eee pranaalikapai charchalu november chivari varaku "cartes generals" (saadhaarana nyaayasthaanaalu-spanish saasanasabha) loe jarigaayi mariyu december 2naa tudi aamodam ootu jarigindi. 1907 naukaadala pranaalika adhikarikamga 1908 janavari 7naa chattamgaa santakam cheyabadindi.
abhivruddhi.
saasanasabha dwara naukaadala pranaalika aamodinchabadataaniki mundhe kotta roopakalpanapai pani praarambhamaindi. moodu noukalanu sthaanabhramsham cheyadaaniki mariyu aaa kaalamlooni praamaanika british prii-dreadnouts maadirigaane naalugu mariyu kaneesam pannendu thupaakeela aayudhalanu kaligi undataaniki prarambha pranaalikalu pilupunichaayi. 1906 chivaralo viplavaatmaka "aall-bigg-gunn" nuu praarambhinchadam spanish naavikaadala mantri commodore jose ferendez vai nino, 1907 maarchilo kotta, marinta saktivantamaina rakamaina yuddhanaukaku saripoyela daani roopakalpananu savarinchadaaniki "junta technica dii laa armada" (naevii technical board) nii ottidi cheyadaaniki prerepinchindi. pradhana battery yokka saamarthyaanni 11 ledhaa 9.2-inch (279 ledhaa 234 mimi) tupaakulaku tagginchadaaniki kontha pariseelana ivvabadindi, conny tommidi boardu sabhyulalo aruguru 12-angulaala tupaakeeni konasaaginchaalani angeekarinchaaru. saadhaarana rakam ooda nirnayinchadamtho, kotta noukalapai vidhinche parimitulanu batti, naavikaadalam saadhaarana roopakalpana avasaraalapai charchalu praarambhinchindi.
spanish naavikaadalam pradhanamgaa ferroll, caudies mariyu cartegena vadda unna daani pradhana naukaadala sthaavaraalanu rakshinchadamlo shraddha vahinchindi; eee avasaranni batti, noukalaku vistrutamaina cruising paridhi avasaram undadu. balaheenamaina spanish aardhika vyavastha mariyu paarisraamika rangam kaaranamgaa kotta yuddhanauka roopakalpananu kathinamgaa parimitam cheyavalasina avasaram dviteeya praamukhyata kaligi undhi. moodava addanki emitante, ippatike unna dock yard soukaryaalaku saripoyenta chinna noukalanu nirminchaalsina avasaram undhi, endukante pedda yuddhanaukalu nirminchadaaniki mariyu naavikaadalam yokka dock yardsnu vistarinchadaaniki speyin vadda taginanta nidhulu laevu. phalitamgaa, design avasaralu kaneesa paridhi mariyu kavacha rakshanatho saapekshamgaa bhaarii pramaadakaramaina saktini korutayi. naukaadalam naukaadalam armstrang whiteworth mariyu vikarlatho design avasaralanu charchinchadam praarambhinchindi. 1907 september 5naa, enimidi 12-angulaala tupaakulato kuudina 15,000 tannula yuddhanauka kosam wickers pratipaadita designu andinchaaru. eee roopakalpana, 1908 april 21naa jaarii cheyabadina roopakalpana pooteeki avasaramaina aadharam. videshee builderla nundi noukalanu aadesinchadam kante, oodalu nirminche spanish shipyard soukaryaalanu niyantrinchadaaniki mariyu aadhuneekarinchadaaniki samarpakudiki nibandhanalanu chaerchadaaniki prabhutvam edainaa tendarnu avasaramaindi. idhi kharchulanu penchutundi mariyu noukalanu puurti cheyadamlo alasyam chestundi, ayithe desheeya soukaryaalanu meruguparachadam eee karyakramam yokka mukhyamaina lakshyam anie prabhutvam nirnayinchindi.
naluguru naukaanirmaanadaarulu vaelampaatalu samarpinchaaruh italian geo. ansaldo & sii. austro-hangerian skoda works mariyu french "maarel frers forges dii laa loir ett du midi" thoo kuudina oka samuuhaaniki naayakatvam vahinchindi; french samstha sneeder-crusat "society nauvel dess forges ett chantiers dii laa meditarenee" mariyu "forge ett chantiers dii lironde" thoo bhagaswamyam kaligi undhi; spanish samstha "socidad espanola dii construcion naval" (secon), idhi wickers, armstrang whiteworth mariyu zaan braun & companyche erpadindi; mariyu spanish paarisraamikavettala samuuham palmers shipbuilding mariyu iron company mariyu williamore gaddam mariyu company maddatutoe erpadindi. modati moodu pratipaadanalu matrame teevramgaa pariganinchabaddaayi; naalgavadi chaalaa aspashtamgaa pariganinchabadindi. moodu pratipaadanalanu sameekshinchadaaniki "junta superior dii laa armada" (naavikaadala sibbandi) mariyu naavikaadala mantri baadhyata vahinchaaru. ansaldo rendu design vaeriyantlanu siddham chesindi; modatidi pradhana battery kosam naalugu janta gunn turrentlanu okati munduku, oka adugu, mariyu rendu offset amid shiplato pilichindi. rendava pratipaadanalo rendu triple turrentlu mundu mariyu venukavaipu madhya line amid shiplapai janta turrentho unnaayi. naukaadalamloo phirangi nipunulu rendava roopaantaraanni tiraskarinchaaru. secon mariyu sneeder namuunaalu modati ansaldo pratipaadana vale adhe amarikanu kaligi unnaayi.
1908 octoberulo, phirangi kamitee "junta superior" kuu thana sifaarsulanu cheyadaaniki samavesamaindi. seconnel mariyu sneeder pratipaadanalu ansaldo version kante unnatamainavani kamitee nirdhaarinchindi, conny rendintiloo rendinti kante ekkuva prayojanam ledhu. taruvaati nelaloo, pratipaadanalanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki naavikaadala nirmaana kamitee samavesamaindi. idhi secon design taruvaata sneeder mariyu ansaldo chivaridigaa sifaarsu chesindi. naukaadala niyantrika karyalayam kooda novemberlo pratipaadanalanu moolyaankanam chesi, "junta superior" kuu salaha ichindi, secon bid matrame etuvanti chattaparamaina, paripalana ledhaa vyaya samasyalu lekunda design avasaralanu teerchindi. italian mariyu austro-hangerian naukaadalaalaku vyatiraekamgaa naukala vadakanni mundhe oohinchina vyuuhaatmaka sandarbhaanni batti, ansaldo netrutvamloni consortium spashtamaina lopaalanu kaligi undhi. 1909 fibravarilo, naavikaadalam seakeepingnu meruguparachadaaniki perigina freeboard, pradhana belt kavacham yokka perigina etthu mariyu podavu mariyu prati tupaki tarrentku vyaktigata shrenini jodinchadam vanti aneka maarpulanu chaerchadaaniki sekanulo savarinchina designu abhyardhinchindi. marchi 20naa maarpulu cheyadaaniki sekanuku angeekarinchindi mariyu company april 14naa oppandaanni andukundi.
spanish aardhika vyavastha vidhinchina parimitula kaaranamgaa, phalitamgaa vacchina roopakalpana ippativaraku nirminchina atichinna bhayankaramaina-rakam yuddhanaukalanu utpatti chesindi. vegavantamaina saanketika maarpu-mukhyamgaa superdrednat yuddhanaukalu ravadam-mariyu taragati yokka taruvaati unitla puurti cheyadamlo sudeergha jaapyam kaaranamgaa avi poortikaakamunde vaadukalo laevu.
design.
saadhaarana lakshanaalu.
espana"-taragati noukalu neeti rekha vadda podavugaa mariyu mottam meeda podavugaa undevi. vaari vadda oka punjam mariyu oka draft undhi; vaari freeboard amidshiplu, aaa kaalamlooni yuddhanaukalaku saadhaaranam kante chaalaa takkuvagaa undedi. vaaru roopakalpana chesinatlugaa mariyu yuddha bhaaram varaku sthaanabhramsham chendaaru. eee nowkalaloo rendu tripaada stambhaalu mariyu oka chinna uparitala nirmaanam undevi. vaariki aaru serch laitlu amarcharu. videshee designlatho poliste oodalu sahetukamgaa sthiramgaa undevi, conny avi puurti loading vadda takkuva metacentric ettunu kaligi undevi, idhi debbatinnappudu paelavamaina sthirathvaanni kaligi undataaniki kaaranamaindi. steeringnu oke semee balanced chukkani thoo niyantrinchaaru. puurti vegamtho, oodalu 180 degreela malupu tippagalavu.
prati oodaloo 854 mandhi adhikarulu mariyu namodu cheyabadina purushulu undevaaru, ayithe saantikaalamlo nivaasa kaaranaala valla sibbandi 700 mandiki parimitam cheyabaddaaru. namodu cheyabadina sibbandi sthalaalu eguva declo munduku unnaayi mariyu irukainavi mariyu aparisubhramainavi; avi rendu praantaala madhya vibhajinchabaddaayi, modatidi forward turrent mariyu starboard wing turrent kosam barbetla madhya pedda mess deck. migilina namodu cheyabadina purushulanu dviteeya tupaakula kosam forward kesmetlalo unchaaru. commission kaani adhikaarula cabinlu kooda kesmetlalo undevi. eee uparitala nirmaanamloo senior adhikaarula kosam aneka cabinlu undevi. eee noukalaku modatlo nalla rangutho paint cheyabadindi, conny conny avi buudida rangulo paint cheyabaddaayi. "alphonso xiii" funnell oka tellani gurtimpu byaandnu kaligi undhi mariyu "jaim ii" rendu byaandlanu kaligi undhi; poura yuddham praarambhamaina tarvaata eee byaandlanu rendu naukala nundi tolaginchaaru. "jaim ii" kooda eee samayamlo muduru buudida rangulo paint cheyabadindi.
yantraalu.
naukala chodaka vyavasthalo naalugu-shaft parsons aaviri turbinelu unnaayi mariyu aavirini pannendu boggu aadhaarita neeti-gottam yaaro boilerla dwara andinchabadindi. turbinelu moodu-bladed screw propellarlanu nadipevi, vaati vyaasam ruu. prati oodaloo rendu vidi maralu unchabaddaayi. baayilarlanu amidshiplu unchina oke garaatulo trunk chesaaru; garaatu yokka sthaanam mundu bhaagamlo nundi dhooramgaa poga jokyam nundi rendavadi yokka spotting topnu uchitam chesindi, conny ippatikee pradhana maast meeda spotting top tappanisarigaa panikiraanidigaa chesindi.
enginelu atyadhika vegamtho rate cheyabaddaayi mariyu utpatti cheyabaddaayi. design oppandam prakaram, enginelu garishta vegamtho, mariyu forced draft varaku mariyu saadhaarana garishta saamarthyaanni kaligi undaali. vaega pareekshalalo moodu noukalu adhigaminchaayi. prati ooda boggunu nilva cheyagaladu; "conway yokka prapanchamlooni anni poraata naukala" prakaram, idhi samudramlo prayaaninchae vyaasaarthaanni anumatistundi, ayithe charitrakaarudu augustin rodrigues gonzalez eee noukalaku 1.00 meterla vegamtho shrenini kaligi undani paerkonnaadu.
aayudhalu.
ooda yokka pradhana aayudhalalo enimidi wickers mkh unnaayi. 12-angulaala 50-caliber tupaakulu. eee tupaakulanu naalugu janta tupaki burujulalo unchaaru, rendu madhya line mundu mariyu venuka bhaagamlo amarchabadi, migilinavi rekka burujula vale "enn echelan" gaa amarchabaddayi. prati okkati baruvu mariyu 3,000 adugulu/seey (914 mea/seey) moothi vegamtho 850-poundla (385 kilolu) shelnu prayoginchindi. tupaakulu garishtamgaa 23,500 gajaalu (21,500 mea) paridhini kaligi unnaayi mariyu nimishaaniki oka round agni raetu kaligi unnaayi. eee burujulu jalasambandhamgaa panicheestaayi mariyu yea etthu konamlo ayina load cheyabadataayi. baruvu mariyu kharchunu aadaa cheyadaaniki american dreadnaftslo upayoginche superfiring tarretla kante "enn echelan" erpaatu enchukobadindi. siddhaantaparamgaa naalugu burujulu visaalamaina vaipuna kalchagalavu mariyu vaatilo moodu mundu ledhaa vennumukagaa kalchagalavu. ayithe, rekkala burujula nundi paeludu prabhavalu saadhaaranamgaa vaatini deck antataa ledhaa neerugaa munduku mariyu pakkadaari pattadaanni nishedhinchaayi.
dviteeya batterylo iravai, 50-caliber tupaakulu untaayi, veetini pottu podavu venta vyaktigatamgaa amarcharu. vaatini aneka spanish aayudhagaaraalu tayaaru chesi, oka shelnu prayoginchaayi. tupaakulu jalarekhaku chaalaa daggaragaa undevi, ayithe avi bhaarii samudraalalo upayoginchalenivi mariyu taginanta etthu lekapovadam valla parimita paridhini kaligi undevi. samakaaleena vidhvamsaka yantraalaku vyatiraekamgaa prabhaavavantamgaa undataaniki tupaakulu kooda chaalaa balaheenamgaa undevi, ivi marinta saktivantamgaa marai. eee noukalu naalugu 3-pounder tupaakulu, rendu meshin ganlu mariyu rendu landing ganlanu kooda teesukuvellaayi, veetini odduku teesukellavacchu.
kavacham.
espana" taragati kosam kavacham layowoot tappanisarigaa british loe upayoginchina scale-down version. atuvanti parimita sthaanabhramsham kaligina nowkaloo bhaarii aayudhaala kaaranamgaa taggimpulu ekkuvagaa jarigaayi. pradhana belt kavacham mandamgaa undi, kendra koota yokka iruvaipula kappabadi undedi. casemate tupaakulanu rakshinche eguva belt mandamgaa undedi. prati buruju, 8 vaipula, mandapati puuthathoo rakshinchabadina barbet meeda koorchundi. cone towerku kooda 10 angulaala mandapati vaipula undevi. saayudha deck mariyu torpedo bulk head rendoo mandamgaa undevi. oodalu yokka bhaarii kavacha puutaloe crup simentu ukkutho koodi untundi, idhi kavacham sannaga undataaniki upayoginche crup sajatiya ukkutho koodi untundi; rendu rakalu britainlo tayaaru cheyabaddaayi.
chaalaa videshee designlatho poliste oodalu paelavamgaa saayudhamainappatiki, noukalu neeti aduguna rakshana anedi kavacha pathakamlo atipedda balaheenata. torpedo bulk headnu bayati poralaku chaalaa daggaragaa unchaaru, idhi nashtanni grahinche saamarthyaanni tagginchindi. tagginchindi speyinku neelakuuladam mariyu mariyu oke gani dwara "alphonso xiii" munigipovadam rendinti nashtaalalo eee balaheenata pradhana paatra pooshinchindi.
maarpulu.
itara upayogaala kosam tannula baruvunu tagginchadaaniki pedda punarnirmananni prabhaavitam cheyadaaniki sthaanabhramsham takkuvagaa mariyu taginanta nidhulanu unchaalsina avasaram kaaranamgaa vidhinchina saanketika parimitula kaaranamgaa parimita maarpulu matrame sadhyamayyayi. pradhana battery yokka amarika deck sthalamlo ekkuva bhaganni aakraminchindi, idhi naalaalanu naveekarinchadaaniki emi cheyavacho parimitam chesindi. 1920la praarambhamlo moodu yuddhanaukalanu aadhuneekarinche pratipaadanalanu naavikaadalam pariganinchindi, ayithe uttara aafrikaalo jarigina cheelika yuddha kharchula valla spanish sainika budget viniyoginchabadindi, anduvalla pratipaadita aadhuneekarana amalu kaaledu. eee aadhunikeekarana pranaalikalu marinta prabhaavavantamaina shreni sodhakulu, adanapu, kotta vimaana vidhvamsaka tupaakulu mariyu neeti aduguna rakshananu meruguparachadaaniki neeti aduguna oka mudi vegam kolpovadaniki anty torpedo ubbina kattadaalato kotta agni niyantrana parikaraalanu erpaatu cheyaalani pilupunichaayi. deck kavacham kooda balopetam cheyavalasi undhi. chinna chinna maarpulu matrame sadhyamayyayi. sadhyamayyayi, "jaim ii" mariyu "alphonso xii" rendintiloonuu oka jatha wickers anty-aircraft ganlu erpaatu cheyabaddaayi, okkokkati turrent sankhyalu 1 mariyu 2 paina unnaayi. unnaayi, migili unna rendu noukalapai phore maast koddigaa tagginchabadindi.
manugadalo unna naukala saamardhyaalanu gananeeyamgaa meruguparachadaaniki marinta pratishtaatmaka pranaalikanu 1930la madhyalo pratipaadinchaaru. rekka turrent barbetla ettunu penchaali, vaati agni kshetraalanu meruguparachaali mariyu mk f dwandwa-prayojana tupaakula kotta dviteeya battery kosam tarretla chuttoo sthalaanni khaalii cheyali. oodalu pannendu tupaakulanu vyaktigatamgaa open mountlaloo teesukellaali; paatha dviteeya tupaakula kesemetlanu marinta sibbandi pradaesaalugaa maarchabadataayi. padhi ledhaa enimidi tupaakulato kuudina kotta vimaana vidhvamsaka byaatareeni amarchali, vaati prabhavam yokka pareekshala dwara rakam nirnayinchabadutundi. agni-niyantrana vyavasthalanu meruguparachadaaniki, yantraalanu sarididdadaaniki mariyu anty torpedo ubbulanu vyavasthaapinchadaaniki itara maarpulu cheyavalasi undhi, itara merugudalalato paatu, juulai yuddham spanish antaryuddham prarambham nundi yea oodapai ayina panini nirodhinchindi.
yuddham jaateeyavaadulu aamenu swaadheenam chesukunna taruvaata, "alphonso xiii"-paeru marchabadinappati nundi "espana"-upayoginchadaaniki aame tupaakulanu odduku tolaginchaaru. vaati sthaanamlo naalugu german skissy/30 flack ganlu mariyu rendu sii/30 vimaana vidhvamsaka tupaakulu upayoginchabaddaayi. "republicanlatho migilipoyina "jaim ii", rendu vikarlu 50-caliber anty-aircraft ganlu mariyu janta hotchkis mounttho tirigi amarchabadindi.
nirmaanam.
moodu yuddhanaukalu nirmaanaaniki anugunamgaa ferroll vadda kotta drydock mariyu rendu slip ways nirminchabaddaayi. kavacham plate, bhaarii tupaakulu mariyu agni niyantrana parikaraalu minaha anni padaarthaalu speyinlo tayaaru cheyabaddaayi. modati oodaku naalugu samvatsaraalu, rendavadaaniki aidu samvatsaraalu mariyu muudavadaaniki edu samvatsaraala nirmaana samayanni oppandam paerkonnadi. taruvaati unitlaku ekkuva nirmaana samayalaku bhatyam unnappatikee, vaati puurti, mukhyamgaa moodava unit, "jaim ii", juulai juulai modati prapancha yuddham praarambhamaina phalitamgaa britton nundi padaarthaala korata kaaranamgaa alasyam cheyabadindi. "jaim ii" kosam pradhana tupaakulu 1919 varaku pampinhee cheyabadaledu; aame 1915 maeloe thana aayudhaala nundi vaerugaa puurti cheyabadindi.
charitra.
prarambha vrutti.
"1914 augustulo modati prapancha yuddham prarambhamainappudu puurti chesina taragatilo "espana" matrame sabhyudu, ayinappatikee yuddham samayamlo speyin tatasthamgaa unnanduna aame charyanu chudaledu. 1914 augustulo, aame panama kaaluva prarambha vedukalalo paalgondi. "alphonso xiii" 1915 augustulo spanish naukaadalam yokka 1va squadronlo aametho cheraadu. yuddha samayamlo, naukaadalam swadeshi jalaallo sikshanaa karyakalapalanu nirvahinchindi. "alphonso xiii" yuddha samayamlo mariyu ventane antaryuddhamlo unna noukalaku sahayam cheyadamlo mariyu poura asaantini anachiveyadamlo palgonnadu. 1921 chivaralo, "jaim ii" puurtayimdi. 1920la praarambhamlo, moodu noukalu sikshanaa squadronlo panicheesaayi. "espana" mariyu "alphonso xiii" lanu varusaga 1920 mariyu mariyu uttara mariyu dakshina americaku suduura prayaanaalaku pampaaru. espana" samudrayaanam samayamlo, aame chilly teeramlo debbatindi mariyu aame intiki tirigi raavadaaniki mundu vistrutamaina marammatulu cheyavalasi vachindi.
eee kaalamlo, spanish moraco loe nivasistunna refianlu spanish valasa prabhutvaaniki vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu chesi, 1921 madhyalo cheelika yuddhanni praarambhinchaaru. moodu "espana"-taragati yuddhanaukalu sangharshana samayamlo charyanu chushai, pradhanamgaa spanish bhuu dalaalaku phirangi maddatunu andinchaayi. 1923 augustulo, raaf sthaanaalapai bambu daadi chestunnappudu, "espana" cape tress forces nundi neelakuulipooyindi. sudeergha rakshana operation oodanu vidipinchadamlo viphalamaindi, mariyu 1924 novemberlo, teevramaina tuphaanulu sidhilaanni debbateesi, pottuni sagaaniki virigipoyaayi, tadwara aame puurtigaa nashtapoyindi. nashtapoyindi alhusemas vadda dige samayamlo spanish naukaadalaaniki "alphonso xiii" pradhana noukagaa panichesindi. 1927 natiki spanish dalaalu tirugubaatudaarulanu oodinchagaligaayi.
oodinchagaligaayi, raaju alphonso alphonso padagotti, rendava spanish ganatantraanni sthaapinchina taruvaata, racharikam yokka jadalanu cheripiveyadaaniki athani perunna yuddhanaukaku "espana" anie paeru marcharu. mahaa maandyam samayamlo kharchulanu tagginchadaaniki rendu noukalanu ventane upasamharinchaaru, ayithe ayithe "jaim ii" nuu naukaadala pradhana noukagaa tirigi niyaminchaaru. 1930la madhyalo, spanish naavikaadalam manugadalo unna rendu yuddhanaukalaku aadhunikeekarana kaaryakramaalanu pariganinchindi, conny edhee phalinchaledu, pradhanamgaa 1936 joolailo spanish antaryuddham praarambhamainanduna. 1936 juulai spanish tirugubaatu sangharshananu praarambhinchinappudu aadhunikeekarananu oohinchi aamenu tirigi sevaloki teesukuraavadaaniki "spanish" parimita punarnirmaanam cheyabadutondi.
spanish poura yuddham.
yuddham general francisco franco netrutvamloni jaateeyavaada tirugubaatu praarambhamlo, spanish naavikaadalam yokka naukaadalamloo ekkuva bhaagam ganatantra prabhutvaaniki vidheyathatho undipoyindi. oodalooni chaalaa mandhi adhikarulu franco maddatu prakatinchinappudu, "espana" sibbandi vaarilo chaalaa mandini champaru, conny, jaateeyavaada teerapraanta phirangi dalaalatoe dwandwa yuddham taruvaata, vaaru longipovadaaniki mariyu oodanu jaateeyavaada niyantranaku tippadaaniki oppinchaaru. "jaim ii" spanish ganatantra naukaadalaaniki kendramgaa panicheestuu ganatantra niyantranalo undipoyindi. ganatantra naukaadalam moraco nundi speyin pradhana bhuubhaagaaniki franco sainyanni daatadaanni nirodhinchadaaniki prayatninchindi, phalitamgaa "jaim ii" mariyu gunn boat madhya sankshipta charya jarigindi, conny german jokyam jaateeyavaadula marganni bhadraparichindi. aaa samvatsaram augustulo, "jaim ii" paie kandor legian nundi vacchina rendu german bomberlu daadi chesi koddigaa debbatinnaru.
sevaloki tirigi vacchina taruvaata, "espana" nuu teerapraanta bambu daadi kosam mariyu uttara speyinlooni jijon, santander mariyu bilbavotho sahaa republican naukaasrayaala digbandhanaanni amalu cheyadaaniki upayoginchaaru, republicanlaku saamaagrini mosukelle noukalanu tarachugaa swaadheenam chesukunnaru. "jaime ii" "spanish moraco loe jaateeyavaada sthaanaalanu pelchivesindi mariyu september 1936 loe" "espana" "vidhinchina digbandhanaaniki antaraayam kaliginchadaaniki oka jatha cruiserlu mariyu naalugu vidhvamsaka yantraalato kramabaddheekarinchindi". yea ooda kooda marokaritho nimagnam kaaledu mariyu ganatantravaadulu aaa samvatsaram octoberlo aemee saadhinchakundaa upasamharinchukunnaaru. speyin yokka madhyadhara tiiraaniki tirigi vacchina taruvaata, "jaim ii" neelamattam ayyindi, cartegena vadda marammatulu avasaram ayyayi. 1937 maeloe akkada undagaa, italian "aviageon legionaria" yokka aidu savoya-marchetty sm.79 bomberlu aamepai daadi chesaaru. debbatinnatlu nivedikalu mishramamgaa unnaayi; albert nophi prakaram oodaku swalpa nashtam jarigindi, conny nashtam marinta teevramgaa undani marco mateoli raasaaru.
"1937 april 30naa digbandham vidhullo unnappudu santander teeramlo "espana" kolpoyindi, oka jaateeyavaada minelayer vesina oke oka ganipai daadi chesindi. vidhvamsaka nauka thana sibbandilo chaalaa mandini tolaginchenta varaku aame theeluthuu undipoyindi mariyu munigipovadamlo naluguru purushulu matrame maraninchaaru. "jaim ii" juunloo cartagena vadda marammatu cheyabadutundagaa, pramaadavasaattu mantalu chelaregi oodanu dhvamsam chesinappudu. republicanlu oodanu penchaaru, conny aame aardhikamgaa marammattuku ateetamani nirnayinchukunnaaru mariyu 1939 juulai 3naa aamenu tiraskarinchaaru.
modati "espana" nundi aneka tupaakulu swaadheenam chesukuni teerapraanta kotalalo upayoginchabaddaayi, veetilo konni 1999 varaku sevalo unnaayi. jaim ii yokka 12-angulaala thupaakulalo aaru kooda rakshinchabaddaayi mariyu mariyu aame vidipoyina taruvaata adevidhamgaa upayoginchabaddaayi. "jaim ii" tupaakulu kooda 1990la madhyalo upasamharinchabade varaku sevalo undipoyaayi. rendava "espana" (gatamlo "alphonso xiii") ennadoo penchabadaledu mariyu aame sidhilaalu 1980la praarambhamlo kanugonabaddayi. 1984 fibravari mariyu mae madhya sidhilaalanu survey cheyadaaniki aneka dandayaatralu jarigaayi.

