
manchi vyaparam

thuk thong baa (hohn tuh <unk> <unk> <unk>) chakravarthy thuk paalanalo vividha lohaalu mariyu mishrama misramaalato tayaaru chesina vividha nanelapai upayoginchina saasanam. tuke naanhelalo "vaan" (̃) anae padam pravesapettabadindi, idhi raagi-mishrama nagadu naanhelaku upayoginche accounting unit, idhi 6 paan baruvutho jink nagadu naanhela sankhyalo vaati viluvanu suuchistumdi.
eee naanhelu chakravarthy thuk, thuk baa saavo aadhvaryamlo jaarii cheyabadina naanhela yokka maroka shrenitho paatu pampinhee cheyabaddaayi.
charitra.
chakravarthy thuk aadhvaryamlo unna thai naam yokka saapereelu "prastuta dabbu yokka hanoi karyalayam" (<unk>, "haa-noyi thang baak") dwara nirvahinchabadataayi, idhi maajee "currency karyalayam" (baao tuingn cock) mariyu "currency yokka rajadhani karyalayam" (baao hoow kinh cock) sthaanamlo undhi, mariyu pradhana saapereelu hanoi, saan taa, mariyu baak ninh laloe kooda panicheestundagaa hui loe unnaayi. chainees vyaapaarulaku tong thang bavo anae saasanam unna jink nagadu naanheelanu utpatti cheyadaaniki tong toy loe foundreelanu srushtinchadaaniki anumati ichhe adhikaram undhi, conny eee chainees vyaapaarulu okesari veyyi teegala kante ekkuva nagadunu utpatti cheyakapovachhu.
tuke kinda loha mariyu currency korata.
vietnam ellappuduu sahaja raagi koratato baadhapadutuu vachindi, panichestunna raagi ganulu saadhaaranamgaa chaina nundi vacchina companyla yajamanyamlo undevi mariyu chaalaa takkuva raagini utpatti chesevi. thuk thana saamrajyamlo raagi mariyu jink ganula utpattini penchadaaniki prayatninchaadu mariyu thaay nguen provinceloni jink ganula dopidi kosam chainees contractorlanu niyaminchukunnaadu. hanoi vanti aneka pradaesaalaloo prabhutvam aardhika vyavasthaku taginanta sankhyalo nagadu naanheelanu utpatti cheyadaaniki janabha nundi raagi paatralanu konugolu chesindi. 1871 loe samudrapu dongalu mariyu juwang bandipotu samuuham yokka vividha brundaalu, block flag sainyam uttara tainam ganulanu swaadheenam chesukovadam praarambhinchindi, deenivalla anni lohala dhara peragadamtho tainaamlo jink nagadu naanhela utpatti nilipiveyabadindi, ayithe raagini itara deshaala nundi digumati chesukovalasi vachindi. aagashtu 1874loe prabhutvam sainyam nundi raagi, tinn mariyu jinklanu sekarinchadam praarambhinchindi mariyu raagi mariyu jinklanu (ittadi tayaareeki) nagadu naanhela utpatti kosam hanoi yokka saapereelaku ravana chesindi, ayithe tinnu itara lohala kosam vartakam cheyadaaniki theva thion phaaku pampabadindi.
prabhutvam jink mariyu raagi madhya marakam retlanu penchadam praarambhinchina taruvaata, ittadi nagadu naanhelalo raagi padaarthaanni taggistuu, prajalu anni "manchi naanheelanu" nilva cheyadam ledhaa vaatini kariginchi paatralanu tayaaru cheyadam praarambhinchaaru, dheenini aardhika mantri bahirangamgaa khandinchaaru. vietnamese prabhutvam chinna mottamlo jink nagadu naanheelanu minahayinchi, desham nundi padhi teegala jink nagadu naanheelanu (aaa samayamlo oka teegala nagadu naanhelu 600 naanheelanu kaligi undevi) ledhaa gatamlo taaynaamku chendina french kochinchinaku prayaaninchae vaariki muppai teegala jink nagadu matrame teesukelladaaniki chattabaddhamgaa anumatinchabadinanduna, chainees vyaapaarulu chattaviruddhamgaa chainaku vietnamese nagadu naanheelanu teesukuvastunnaranedi maroka saadhaarana samasya.
vietnamese neen hiyuni mosukelle nagadu naanheelanu itara deshaalaku egumati cheyadam nishedhinchabadindi mariyu vaanijya noukalu vietnamese ledhaa chainees ayina avi edainaa akrama egumatula kosam tanikhi cheyadaaniki nilipiveyabaddaayi mariyu japtuku lobadi unnaayi. eee charyalu unnappatikee, chaina vyaapaarulu vietnamese nagadu naanheelanu akramamga ravana chestu, chainaalo seesam mariyu jink mishramtho tirigi kariginchi, vaatini labham kosam tainaamlo tirigi vikrayinchaaru, idhi vietnamese aardhika vyavasthaku pedda samasyaga maarindi. binh tunn provincelo ittadi mariyu jink nagadu naanhelu chaalaa arudugaa marai.
nagadu naanhela chattaviruddhamaina mariyu private utpatti.
vietnamese marketku taginanta dabbunu prabhutvam utpatti cheyananduna, adhi nagadu naanhela private utpattiki anumatinchindi mariyu jaateeya dabbu sarafaraanu penche charyaga jink mariyu ittadi naanhela srushtipai thana sonta guttadhipatyanni uddeshapoorvakamgaa raddu chesindi. paatha neen hiyu naanhelu prasaram cheyadaanni kooda prabhutvam chattaviruddham chesindi, conny avi "suudoe-neen hiyu" (tye saan raajavamsam nundi saasanaalu unnavi, endukante nguen vaatini chattabaddhamaina raajavamsamgaa pariganinchaledu) gaa pariganinche naanheelanu prasaram konasaaginchadaaniki anumatinchindi.
vaaru vese naanhelu code varaku unnayani haamii ichhe private tankasaalalu mariyu chattalanu prabhutvam baga prothsahinchinappatiki, avi arudugaa audit cheyabaddaayi mariyu chaineeyulu nirvahinche tankasaalalu mosapurita naanhela kosam aushadhaalayamgaa marai. chainees maining companylu kooda jink naanheelanu vaeyadaaniki adhikaram pondaayi, vaaru kooda tama pannulanu jinklo thaay naam prabhutvaaniki chelliste. binh danh provins prabhutvam tama sonta nagadu naanheelanu vaeyadaaniki mariyu 4 sepikalanu teravadaaniki mariyu manjuru cheyabadina private castingnu chattabaddham cheyadaaniki ventane anumatinchaalani kendra prabhutvaanni abhyardhinchindi, ayinappatikee nagadu naanhela utpattini moodu sandarbhaallo nilipiveyavalasi vachindi, endukante vaaru utpatti chesina naanhelu takkuva naanhyata kaligi unnaayi, conny provins gatamlo currency prasarana puurtigaa nilipiveyadamtho prabhutvam eee nagadu naanheelanu prasaram cheyadaaniki anumatinchindi, conny avi binh danh kosam pannu retlanu sardubaatu chestaayi.
eee samayamlo videshaalalo, mukhyamgaa gwangdong mariyu gwangsheelaloni quing raajavamsam provinceulalo alaage makavu, hankong mariyu kochinchinaalo pedda mottamlo nakilee tung thang nagadu naanhelu utpatti cheyabaddaayi. takkuva naanhyata gala minh mong thang baao anae saasanam unna chedu naanhyata gala naanhelu kooda makaavulo vrayabaddayi, vaatini laabhaala kosam viyatnaameesku vikrayinchadaaniki. aneka sandarbhaallo vietnamese unnata adhikarulu tappudu naanheelanu utpatti chesevaariki sahayam chestunnaru, oka sandarbhamlo tuke yokka ganbotlalo okati, "boran" hankanglo unchinappudu pedda mottamlo nakilee nagadu naanhelatho nimpadaaniki prayatninchaaru, ayithe eee naanheelanu tainaamloki akramamga ravana chese kutranu vietnamese adhikarulu kanugonnaru, ayithe naanhela utpattidaarulanu hankanglo nirdoshulugaa prakatinchaaru, endukante naanhelu vietnamese market kosam uddesinchabaddaayi.
jink nagadu naanhelu.
tuke yokka jink nagadu naanhelalo mundu bhaagamlo unna saasanam tuke thang baa (<unk> Â) undhi mariyu saadhaaranamgaa khaalii rivarslanu kaligi untundi, ayithe konni jink tuke thang baa (Â Â) kooda hanoi kosam "Â" mariyu saan tay provins kosam "Â" vanti kudi nundi edamaku vraayabadina vaati muulam yokka pudiinaa gurtunu kaligi undavacchu. pudiinaa gurthu "hanoi" thoo jink nagadu naanhelu buck thaan varkshaaplo utpatti cheyabaddaayi. 
tuke kaalamlo jink tuke thang baao atichinna viluva kaliginadi mariyu mottam currency vyavasthaku punaadi rendoo, jink nagadu naanem nguen raajavamsam prarambham nundi prati provins loe chattabaddhamaina dravyamgaa maarindi mariyu chakravarthy minh mong paalanalo 6 phaan baruvutho praamaaneekarinchabadindi. eee jink naanheelanu pravesapettadaaniki mundu tainaamlo vyaapinchina munupati raajavamsaala ittadi currency market nundi puurtigaa adrusyamaindi. jink tung tung nagadu naanheelanu veyadam tuck paalana modati samvatsaram nundi praarambhamaindi mariyu munupati jink minh mong tong (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk>) nagadu naanhela maadirigaane adhe pramaanaalanu konasaaginchindi. 1869loe hanoi dravya workshop director mariyu hanoi governor ayina nguen binh 5 phaan jink naanemnu roopondinchaalane aalochananu pratipaadinchaaru, conny eee pratipaadana tiraskarinchabadindi, endukante aardhika mantritva saakha eee chinna mariyu pelusugaa unde jink naanem baga vyaapistundani nammaledu, endukante adhi chaalaa sulabhamgaa debbatintundi.
jink nagadu naanhela utpatti bahusha 1871 samvatsaramlo aagipoyindi, endukante daani utpattini nirvahinchadam chaalaa khareedainadi, chainees samudrapu dongalu jink ganulanu nirodhistunnanduna tainam prabhutvaaniki etuvanti praapyata ledhu, idhi vaari utpattiki avasaramaina vanarulanu prayatninchadam mariyu pondadam khareedainadigaa chestundi. jink nagadu naanhelu vaati antargata viluvatho poliste chaalaa bhaareega undatam valla avi pedda parimaanamlo ravana cheyadam kashtataram chestaayi mariyu vaati pelusu swabhaavam kaaranamgaa balaheenamgaa mariyu sulabhamgaa debbatintaayi kabatti avi ellappuduu prabhutvaaniki chiraaku kaliginche pradhana vanarugaa unnaayi. jink nagadu naanhela ravana anedi oka baadhyata, endukante daarilo kottetappudu teegalu virigipovadam mariyu naanhelu mukkaluga padipovadam asaadhaaranam kaadu, conny eee jink naanhelu prabhutva kaarmikula jeetaalanu chellinchadaaniki upayoginchabadatam valana avi avasaramainaviga bhaavinchabaddaayi, conny chivariki thelikaina mariyu balamaina ittadi naanhelaku anukuulamgaa prati okkati puurtigaa tolaginchabaddaayi, ayinappatikee avi chinna lavadevilaku taynam yokka saadhaarana janaabhaaku avasaramainaviga untaayi.
ittadi nagadu naanhelu.
chakravarthy raaju paalana modati samvatsaramlo ittadi naanhelu utpatti kavadam praarambhinchaayi, munupati chakravartulu minh mong mariyu teeyu throo aadhvaryamlo 6 phaan mariyu 9 phaan cast ittadi nagadu naanhelu undevi. viyatnaameeslo eee nagadu naanheelanu ellappuduu ittadi ledhaa kaamsyam vanti raagi-misramaalato tayaaru chesinappatiki, veetini ellappuduu "δοng" (′, raagi) anie pilustaaru, idhi porapaatuna aneka french muulaalu vaatini "raagi naanhelu" anie suuchimchadaaniki daariteestundi. nguen raajavamsam kaalamlo jink naanhelatho poliste eee ittadi naanhela viluva kalakramena perugutundi, jiah kaalamlo oka ittadi jiah podavaina thang baa (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ 
jink nagadu naanhela kante ittadi naanhela konugolu shakti ekkuvagaa unnanduna avi aardhika vyavasthaku atyunnatamainavigaa pariganinchabaddaayi, ayithe praarambhamlo hyuu chuttoo unna praavinsula velupala raagi naanhelu arudugaa marai. trang leat yokka paarudala kaaluvala nundi entha raagini swaadheenam chesukunnaro, modati ittadi naanhelalo 60 saatam raagi kuurpu undedi. sumaruga, thuk baa saavo (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk>) utpatti cheyabadina samayamlo, ittadi thuk thang baao yokka mishramaalalo raagi padaartham 50 saataaniki tagginchabadindi, endukante idhi takkuva antargata viluvalatho adhika viluva kaligina naanheelanu pravesapettadamto samanamga undhi. 1868 janavarilo tainam saamraajya prabhutvam ittadi mariyu jink nagadu naanhela madhya marpidi retunu 1:6kii nirnayinche oka decreeni aamodinchindi, eee decree riverse saasanam "luke vaan" (juun, 6 jink nagadu naanhelalo vale 6 mukkalu) nuu kooda pravesapettindi, idhi jink mariyu ittadi naanhela madhya sambandhaanni teevramgaa maarchindi, endukante idhi ippudu praamaanika marpidi retunu srushtinchindi, idhi gatamlo ittadi naanhela viluvanu matrame kaligi unna ittadi naanhela viluvanu penchindi. aaa samayamlo aneka videshee mariyu sthaanika nakilee vietnamese tuke thang baao nagadu naanhelu tarachugaa takkuva sthaayi misramaalato koodi undevi mariyu eee naanhelu 3 jink tuke thang baao nagadu naanhela market viluvanu matrame kaligi undevi.
ittadi mariyu jink nagadu naanhela madhya marpidi raetu.
adhikaarika marakam raetlu vipareetamgaa hecchutaggulaku guraina eee kaalamlo kooda tainaamlo raagi ganulu teevramgaa lekapovadam valla, 1876loe oke ittadiki 60 jink nagadu naanhelu kooda pondagaligaaru, okati 10 ittadi naanheelanu tayaaru cheyadam, okati okka kwan jink naanhelaku samanam.
tainam prabhutva uttarvula dwara nirnayinchabadina marakam ratelu
takkuva viluva kaligina nagadu naanhela yokka vaividhyaala jabita.
10 samvatsaraala kante takkuva naamamaatrapu viluva kaligina nagadu naanhela jabita 
dietrich uhlharn chetha trial meshin-struck nagadu naanhelu.
grevenbroich, russialo oka companyni modata dedrich uhlharn sthaapinchaaru mariyu aaa samayamlo athani kumarudu heinrich uhlharn naduputunnappudu yantra-debbatinna trick thang baao nagadu naanemnu utpatti cheyadaaniki prayatninchaaru, namuunaa naanem 1870 tayari teedeeni chooputundi, ayithe naanem vaastavaaniki eee samvatsaramlo utpatti cheyabadinda anedi etuvanti recordulu perkonaledu, dheeniki edurugaa unna saasanam "tyuu dock thang baao" anie untundi, naanem meeda chainees calligraphy uttara germanylo utpatti cheyabadinanduna chainees aksharaalanu vraayadamlo naipunhyam laeni vyaktiki chaalaa daggaragaa vastundi. ayithe, dheeniki edurugaa unna saasanam "echantillan dii dii" anie vraayabadindi. uhlharn 1870 "(d yokka namuunaa naanem. uhlharn, 1870). naanem baruvu 4 graamulu, idhi vietnamese baruvaina 10 phaan, antey 3.7783 gramulaku saripolutundi. eee naanheelanu uttara germany nundi french kochinchinaloni saigaon kuu ravana cheyadam chaalaa khareedainadigaa bhaavinchinanduna, eee naanheelanu praivetugaa utpatti chese prayatnam nilipiveyabadindi mariyu tadupari utpatti chesina anni yantra-debbatinna nagadu naanheelanu french prabhutvam tayaaru chesindi. yantra-debbatinna naanheelanu utpatti cheyadaaniki eurup nundi naanhela mudranaalayaalanu konugolu cheyadaaniki nguen raajavamsam yokka nyaayasthaanaanni abhyardhinchina nguen üc Âu kosam naanem oka pareeksha samme kaavacchu, conny eee abhyardhananu kortu tiraskarinchindi. idhe kaalamlo yantra mudrana yantraalu quing raajavamsamloki digumati cheyabadutunnayi, ikkada yantra-debbatinna nagadu naanhelu taruvaata saadhaarana drushyamgaa marai, ayithe viyatnaamlo 1921loe yantra-debbatinna khaayi thang baa (<unk> Â) pravesapettabade varaku idhi jaragaledu.
chekkabadina vendi naanhelu thuk thong bavo.
1862 naati saigaon oppandam prakaram nguen raajavamsam prabhutvam french saamraajyaaniki naalugu million mexican pesolanu chellinchaalsi untundani demand chesindi, praarambhamlo nguen raajavamsam desheeyamgaa vendi nidhulanu pondagaligindi, conny koddi kaalam tarvaata desheeya vendi nilvalu ksheeninchaayi mariyu tainam prabhutvam vaari swantha jaateeya version mexican pesoni veyaalani nirnayinchukundi, aaa samayamlo fraansku chellimpula nibandhanalanu telusukovadaaniki thana mantrulanu rahasyamgaa sameekarinchaaru, aaa samayamlo rendu laksala mexican pesolanu padeella paatu dwaivaarshika chellimpugaa undedi, kabatti padhi samvatsaraala paatu rendu million mexican pesolanu chellinchaalani aadesinchinanduna, aaa samayamlo daani raayabaarulu 80 saatam vendi naanheelanu daani raayabaarula nundi aamodayogyamaina nagadu chellimpugaa kaligi unte, aaa naanheelanu daani raayabaarulu "tunoudone thong" anie pilicheevaaru.
vendi naanhelatho paatu, 7 maach, 1 kwan, 1 kwan & 5 maach, 2 kwan, 2 kwan & 5 maach, mariyu 3 kwan viluvala viluvala viluvalalo thuk neen tavo (<unk> Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
suuchanalu.
 

