
paryaavarana nirantara aushadha kalushya karakam

paryaavaranam kosam vaidyula antarjaateeya samajam (isde) 2010loe pharmaceuticals mariyu paryaavaranam yokka nominationlo antarjaateeya rasaayanaala nirvahana (saikm) kuu vyuuhaatmaka vidhaanamlo abhivruddhi chendutunna samasyaga paryaavarana nirantara aushadha kalushya kaarakaala (epp) anae padaanni modatisaarigaa suuchimchimdi. aushadhaalu mariyu vyaktigata samrakshana utpattula (ppcp) paryaavarana prabhavam kinda eppeps nundi sambhavinche samasyalu samaantaramgaa vivarinchabaddaayi. european union "praadhaanyata padaarthaalu" kinda itara suukshmapruuvalatoe paatu neeru mariyu mattini kalushitam chese saamardhyamtho aushadha avasheshaalanu sangrahistundi.
nepathyam.
jeeva kanaalapai panicheyadaaniki pratyaekamgaa roopondinchina rasaayanaala samoohaalalo aushadhaalu okati, ivi pravesinchinappudu, konasaginappudu mariyu paryaavaranamloki chedaragottabadinappudu pratyeka pramaadaanni kaligistaayi.
muruguneeti suddhi karmagarala diguvaku neeti pravahalu minaha, uparitala mariyu bhoogarbha jalaallo aushadhaala saandrata saadhaaranamgaa takkuvagaa untundi. muruguneeti burada mariyu pallapu leishet loe saandratalu gananeeyamgaa ekkuvagaa undavacchu mariyu maanava mariyu janthu aahara golusuloki pravesinchadaaniki eppeplaku pratyaamnaaya maargaalanu andistaayi.
ayithe, chaalaa takkuva paryaavarana saandratala vadda kooda, paryaavarana aushadha rasaayanaalaku deerghakaalika bahirgatam kaakteyilloni itara rasaayanaala prabhavalanu penchutundi, inca adhyayanam cheyaledu. vividha rasayanalu samanvaya prabhavalanu (sankalana prabhaavaala kante ekkuva) saktivantam chestaayi. eee vishayamlo atyanta sunnitamaina samuuham pindam.
eppeps ippatike prapanchavyaaptamgaa neetilo kanipistaayi. vyaapti bahirgatam dohadam cheyavachu
aushadhaala paryaavarana vargeekarana.
sweedanlo, parisrama vishwavidyaalayaalu mariyu aarogya samrakshana rangamtho kalisi paryaavarana pramaada anchanaa mariyu aushadhaala paryaavarana vargeekarana kosam oka paddhatini abhivruddhi chesindi. paryaavarana pramaadam anedi jala paryaavaranaaniki vishapuuritam ayye pramaadaanni suuchistumdi. idhi padaartham yokka anchanaa vesina paryaavarana gaadata (piisi) mariyu paryaavaranamloo haanikaramaina prabhavanni chuupani padaartham yokka atyadhika gaadata (pnec) madhya nishpattipai aadharapadi untundi.
paryaavarana pramaadam anedi sthirathvam, jeeva sanchayam mariyu vishapuuritam paramgaa padaartham yokka swaabhaavika paryaavarana haanikaramaina lakshanaalanu vyaktam chestundi. chepalu yokka teevramaina vishapuuritam, daphnia ess. pii yokka teevramaina vishapuuritam anevi vishapuurita pareekshalalo upayoginchabadataayi. mariyu algay yokka perugudala nirodha pareeksha. swedish marketlo chaalaa mandulu ippudu vargeekarinchabaddaayi. idhi mandulanu suchinchetappudu merugaina empikalu cheyadaaniki aarogya samrakshana avakaasaalanu istundi.
bahirgatam.
uparitala jalaalu, bhoogarbha jalaalu mariyu paakshikamgaa suddhi cheyabadina neetilo saandratalu saadhaaranamgaa 0.1 microgram/lii (ledhaa 100 ng/l) kante takkuvagaa untaayi mariyu suddhi cheyabadina neetilo saandratalu saadhaaranamgaa 0.05 microgram/lii (ledhaa 50 ng/l) kante takkuvagaa untaayi.(envai 8) ayithe, bhoomipai unna mottam neeru oke sthiramaina pool loe bhaagam, mariyu ekkuva mottamlo aushadhaalanu viniyogistunnanduna, traaguneetiloo aushadhaala saandrata perige pramaadam undhi.
paryaavaranamloki vidudala cheyandi.
aushadhaalu paryaavaranaaniki cherukuntaayi mariyu pradhanamgaa moodu vidhaluga neeti kalushyanni kaligistayih 
merugaina kolata paddhatula kaaranamgaa bahusha dasabdaluga ippatike unna conny intaku mundu kolavaleni saandratalaloo pharmaceuticals nedu kanugonabadavacchu. aneka aushadhaalu (viniyogam tarvaata) visarjinchabadataayi ledhaa kadigiveyabadataayih moukhikamgaa teesukunna padaarthaalalo 30 saatam nundi 70 saatam madhya visarjana raetlu mariyu baahyamgaa vartinche lepanaalu ledhaa jelnu parigananaloki teesukunte adhika raetlu kooda parisoedhanalaloo chuupimchabaddaayi.
konni aushadhaalu muruguneeti suddhi karmagaralalo vividha sthaayilaku ksheenistaayi, conny marikonni karmagaranni kriyaaseela roopaallo vadilivestaayi. uparitala neetilo aushadhaala kriyaaseela avasheshaalu kanugonabaddayi, avi paryaavaranamloo ekkuva kaalam konasaagavacchu. aasupatri vyardha jalaala vidudala pradhana paatra poeshinchae ledhaa aushadha parisramala pareevaahaka praantaalalo sub catchmentlalo muruguneeti suddhi karmagarala nundi diguvaku pedda mottamlo antibiatics mariyu itara aushadhaalu kanugonabaddayi. eruvulugaa upayoginche suddhi chesina muruguneeti burada nundi vachhe eppeps soya dwara grahinchabadataayi mariyu aakulalo antibiatics kanugonabaddayi.
taaguneeru.
aushadha padaarthaalu traaguneetiloki elaa pravesinchavachho vividha margalu unnaayi. pradhanamgaa, taguneeti sekarana taguneeti jalaasayaalu, bhoogarbha jalaalu mariyu odduna vadapotha nundi vastundi. suddhi chesina vyardha jalaanni taguneeti sekaranato pareevaahaka praantaalalo vidudala chesthe, tolaginchani aushadha padaarthaalu taguneeti loe kanugonabadavacchu. udaaharanaku netherlands tama thaaguneetilo 37 saatam uparitala neeti nundi pondutundi, pradhanamgaa khadgamrugam mariyu meus vadda odduna vadapotha dwara. ikkada aushadha avasheshaalapai kontha shraddha chuuputaaru.
germanylo taguneeti pareevaahaka praantaalu mariyu nadula eppeps ippatike gurtinchabaddaayi, mukhyamgaa radeo contrast agentlu. antekakunda, ikkada aushadha avasheshaalu paakshikamgaa vyavasaayamlo vaati muulaanni kaligi unnaayi. 2009 mariyu 2011 madhya nirvahinchina praantiiya parisoedhanala yokka german federal environment agency yokka moolyaankanam german uparitala jalaallo leetaruku 0.1 microgramula kante ekkuva saandrata kaligina mottam 27 ververu aushadha padaarthaalu mariyu mottam 150 padaarthaalu kanugonabaddaayani choopinchindi. radeo contrast agentlatho paatu mukhyamgaa noppini tagginche diclophenoc sambandhita saandratalanu choopinchindi. aushadhaala vanti aneka suukshmapruushakaalaku taguneeti suddeekarana ledhaa vyardha neeti chikitsalo etuvanti parimiti viluvalu laevu, endukante prabhaavaala gurinchi ghnaanam lekapovadam ledhaa taginantagaa niroopinchabadaledu.
eee paryaavarana aushadha rasayanalalo konni maanavulalo teevramaina janyu visha prabhavalanu kaligi unnayani baga telusu. prakrutilo ardha-jeevitam paryaavaranaanni batti maarutuu untundi (gaali, neeru, matti, burada), conny aneka sammelanaalaku oka samvatsaram kante ekkuva untundi.
eppeps yokka saandratalu leetaruku 1 ng nundi 1 mg varaku maaravacchu (2). neeti jeevula meeda, mukhyamgaa punarutpatti vyavasthalapai, alaage suukshmajeevula samajalapai eppeps yokka teevramaina prabhavalu ippatike chuupabaddaayi.
moothram mallinche podi marugudoddi ledhaa suddhi chesina nalla neetini recycle chesi marugudodlanu mallee niravadhikamgaa flush cheyadam dwara prajalu muruguneeti nundi tama malamnu dhooramgaa unchukunte idhi chaalaa takkuva aandolana kaligistundi.
chattalu mariyu nibandhanalu.
paryaavarana nirantara aushadha kalushya kaarakaalanu (eah. pii. pii. pii) vaati mottam utpatti golusulo chuudaali.
aushadha avasheshaalu vividha dasalalo paryaavaranamloki pravesinchavacchu, anduvalla paryaavarana prabhaavaalaku sambandhinchina prabhavam ledhaa prabhavanni vividha sthaayilalo niyantrinchavacchuh
chattaparamaina avasaralaku sambandhinchi mariyu deshaalu mariyu saamskrutika chatraanni batti aushadhaalu itara maanavajanya rasaayanaala nundi bhinnamgaa untaayi. rasayana swabhaavam gala itara viniyogadaaru utpattula (draavakaalu, rangulu, jigurulu modalainavi) tayari, marketing, upayogam mariyu paaraveyadam niyantrinche chattalu mariyu nibandanalalo avi paakshikamgaa minahayinchabaddayi.). paryavasanamga itara viniyogadaaru rasaayanaalato poliste aushadhaala yokka pratikuula paryaavarana prabhavam takkuvagaa namodu cheyabadavachhu.
european unionlo chattalu mariyu nibandhanalu.
european union (iyu) loe nedu 3,000 kante ekkuva aushadha padaarthaalu aamodinchabaddaayi. 
2013loe eeyuu neeti chakramlo aushadha avasheshaala panini parishkarinchadaaniki choravalanu praarambhinchindi. ikkada commission 15 rasayanalanu water framework directive (wfd) looni padaarthaala watch listku jodinchaalani pratipaadinchindi, ivi 3 aushadhaalato sahaa (paarisraamika rasayanalu, biosidelalo upayoginche padaarthaalu mariyu mokkala rakshana utpattulato paatu) european union uparitala jalaallo paryaveekshinchabadataayi mariyu niyantrinchabadataayih "aushadha avasheshaalatho neeru mariyu matti kalushyam anedi abhivruddhi chendutunna paryaavarana aandolana. aushadha utpattula nundi jala paryaavaranaaniki vachhe pramaadaanni anchanaa veyadamlo mariyu niyantrinchadamlo, union paryaavarana lakshyalapai tagina shraddha vahinchaali. aaa aandolananu parishkarinchadaaniki, commission aushadha utpattula nundi paryaavarana prabhaavaala pramaadaalanu adhyayanam cheyali mariyu jala paryaavaranam dwara jala paryaavaranam mariyu maanava aarogyaanni rakshinchadamlo prastuta saasana chatram yokka auchityam mariyu prabhaavampai vislaeshanhanu andinchaali."
estradiol mariyu ethinylestradiol mariyu noppini tagginche diclophenoc anae rendu harmonelu 2013 nundi jaabitaalo unnaayi mariyu 2015loe moodu macrolide antibiatics kooda jodinchabaddaayi. 2018loe, "trai-alate, oxadiazan, 2,6-dietert-beautile-4-methylphenol mariyu diclophenoc padaarthaalaku taginanta adhika-naanhyata paryaveekshanha dayta andubaatulo unnanduna, aaa padaarthaalanu watch jabita nundi tolaginchaali" mariyu "methiocarb kosam, mariyu neonicotinoids imidacloprid, thacloprid mariyu thiamethoxum kosam macrolide antibiatics chlarythromycin mariyu azithromycin kosam kotta ecotoxicological samacharam, idhi aaa padaarthaalaku anchanaa vesina etuvanti-prabhavam saandratalanu savarinchadaaniki daariteesindi". doubluefdy watch list amalu yokka lakshyam jala vaataavaranamloo jabita cheyabadina padaarthaala bhavitavyampai andubaatulo unna samacharanni naveekarinchadam mariyu tatphalitamgaa, marinta vivaranaatmaka paryaavarana pramaada anchanaaku maddatu ivvadam. aushadha utpattula paryaavarana pramaadaalapai adhyayanam" anae sannahakaanni aarogyam mariyu viniyogadaarula kosam karyanirvahaka samstha niyaminchindi mariyu december 2013loe prachurinchindi. eee "bio eej studdy" vistruta shreni saasana mariyu chattabaddham kaani "prabhava karakalu" mariyu sambandhita saadhyamaina parishkaralanu charchistundi.
2013 aadesam prakaram "commission [...]..septembaru 2015 varaku] aushadha padaardhaala dwara neeti kaalushyaaniki vyuuhaatmaka vidhananni abhivruddhi cheyandi. aaa vyuuhaatmaka vidhaanamlo, tagina chota, aushadha utpattulanu marketlo unche prakriyaloo mandula paryaavarana prabhavalanu marinta samarthavantamgaa parigananaloki teesukoovadaaniki veelu kalpinche pratipaadanalu untaayi. aaa vyuuhaatmaka vidhanam yokka chatramlo, commission, tagina chota, 14 september 2017 natiki, aushadha padaarthaala yokka paryaavarana prabhavalanu parishkarinchadaaniki, tagina vidhamgaa, union mariyu/ledhaa sabhya rashtra sthaayilo teesukovalasina charyalanu pratipaadistundi...] prajaarogya avasaralu mariyu pratipaadita charyala vyaya prabhavanni parigananaloki teesukuni, jala vaataavaranamloki atuvanti padaarthaala vidudala, udgaaraalu mariyu nashtalanu tagginche uddesyamto."
mundu jaagratta vidhaanaaniki minchi, european union ippatike 2004 nundi saraina paaraveyadam paddhatulanu lakshyamgaa pettukundi. maanava aushadhaala kosam european union aadesam prakaram, anni sabhya deshaalu upayoginchani ledhaa gaduvu mugisina aushadhaala kosam sekarana vyavasthalanu erpaatu cheyaalani spashtamgaa korutunnayi. 2004loe chattam amaluloki vacchina samayamlo aneka sabhya deshaalalo ituvanti vyavasthalu ippatike upayogamlo unnaayi. european union sabhya deshaalalo paaraveyadam nibandhanalu ippatikee bhinnamgaa unnaayi, upayoginchani ledhaa gaduvu mugisina aushadhaalanu gruha vyardhaalloki visire sifaarsula nundi daadaapu puurtigaa vellae dahanam (germany) varaku, saadhaaranamgaa 900-1,300 °C madhya ushnogratalu, migilipoyina vaatini "pramaadakara vyardhaalu" (luxemberg) gaa pariganinche sekarana vyavasthala varaku.
fraanslo, cyclamade take-byaak karyakramam upayoginchani ledhaa gaduvu mugisina aushadhaalanu mandula dukaanaalaku tirigi teesukuraavadaaniki prajalaku veelu kalpistundi. aneka european union sabhya deshaalalo sink ledhaa toilet dwara mariyu dheeni dwara muruguneeti vyavasthaku tappu paaraveyadam ippatikee oka samasyaga kanipistundihi germanylo jarigina parisoedhanalaloo 24 saatam varaku drava aushadhaalu mariyu 7 saatam maatralu ledhaa lepanaalu ellappuduu ledhaa kaneesam "arudugaa" toilet ledhaa sink dwara paaraveyabadataayani telindi.
paina perkonna iyu vyuuhaatmaka vidhanalalo pariganinchabade amsaalalo idhi okati. antekakunda, 2006 kii mundu european unionlo marketing kosam aamodinchabadina pharmaceuticals kosam market adhikaaraaniki sambandhinchi paryaavarana anchanaa pramaanaalu bhinnamgaa unnaayi. eee roeju maanava aushadha utpatti yokka kriyaaseela padaardham pramaadakaramaina padaardhamgaa anchanaa veyabadithe ledhaa paryaavaranaaniki pramaadaanni kaligistundani anchanaa veyabaditheh 2012loe sumaru 1,200 aushadha padaarthaalu paryaavarana paryaveekshanhaku sambhaavyamgaa sambandhitamgaa gurtinchabadinappatiki, utpattini tiraskarinchadam saadhyam kaadu.
paryaavaranamloo aushadhaala prabhavalu.
estradiol (eastrogen, synthetic harmon).
uparitala neetilo saandratalu matrame jala vaataavaranamloo pratikuula paryaavarana prabhaavaala pramaadaanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki saripovu. synthetic harmonelu endocrine distruptorlu. anduvalla, leetaruku 1 ng kante takkuva saandratatoe unna ethinylestradiol (eastrogen harmon) vanti eestrogenik sammelanaalu vitrogenin utpatti (maga chepala streekaranaku tarachugaa upayoginche suuchika) mariyu vaati laingika avayavaalalo nirmaanaatmaka maarpu rendintikee kaaranam kaavacchu. muruguneeti suddhi karmagaram (stp) pravaahaaniki guraina chepalu ethinylestradioltho sahaa eestrogenik sammelanaalanu chaalaa ekkuva antargata sthaayiki teesukuvelli kendrikarinchagalavani kooda niroopinchabadindi. stp vyardhaalalo eestrogenik sammelanaala dwara chepala streekaranapai eee pariseelanalu aneka deshaalalo gamaninchabaddaayi, mariyu kappalu, mosallu mariyu molasklu vanti itara jaatulalo kooda gamaninchabaddaayi.
hridayanaala mandulu.
maanava aushadham yokka jala vaataavaranamloo paryaavarana prabhaavaaniki itara udaaharanalu hridayanaala mariyu nara-manasika mandulu rendintikee sambandhinchinavi. empika kaani beata-blocking agent propanolol medaca chepalalo guddu utpattilo gananeeyamaina taggudalaku kaaranamavutundani kanugonabadindi, muruguneeti suddhi karmagaralalo (stp) vyardhaalalo pradarsinchina daanikante daggaragaa untundi. gemphybrogyl (collustroll mariyu triglyzarides tagginche aushadham) tarachugaa stps nundi vachhe vyardhaalalo kanipistundi. stp effluentlo nivedinchabadina vatiki daggaragaa unna saandratala vadda, gemphybrogyl chepalalo testosterone rakta sthaayilanu taggistundi.
citalopram/flukesetine (serotonin reaptake inhibitor anty depressants, ssri).
konni sris bahirgata chepalalo paerukupoetunnaayani choopabadindi. citalopram kaaleyamlo adavi perch nundi kiloku takkuva microgram sthaayilalo kanugonabadindi, mariyu flukesetine maanavulalo chese vidhamgaane serotonin vyavasthanu prabhaavitam chestundi. shelfishlo flukesettin eetha karyakalapalanu kooda prabhaavitam chestundani choopabadindi; idhi medadulooni serotonin paniteeruku bhangam kaliginchadamtho mudipadi undaa anedi ippatikee teliyadu.
antibiatics.
neetilo adhika sthaayi antibiatics alaram kaliginchadaaniki kaaranam, endukante nirodhakata kaligina bacterianu enchukune pramaadam ekkuvagaa untundi, idhi prapancha aandolana kaliginche samasya. idhi konni atyanta prabhaavavantamaina antibiatics asamarthamgaa maaradaaniki daariteestundi. aneka udaaharanalu unnaih bhaaratadesamlo, ciprofloxacincu nirodhakata kaligina bacteria diguva aushadha mokkalalo kanugonabadindi, traaguneetiloo bahula nirodhakata kosam janyuvulu kanugonabaddayi mariyu kuuragaayalapai challina neetilo bahula nirodhakata kaligina salmonella kanugonabaddayi. 2011 vesavilo neeti challabadina kuuragaayala nundi udbhavinchina bahula nirodhaka ehechektho antuvyaadhi gurinchi airopa nundi manaku telusu.
antibiatics yokka paryaavarana prabhavanni vivarinchadaaniki "paryaavarana-needa" anae padaanni pravesapettaaru. sthiramgaa unde vistruta varnapatam kaligina antibiatics, marinta vaegamgaa vichchinnamayye irukaina anty bacterial varnapatam (chinna paryaavarana-needa) unna vaati kante bacteria vrukshajaalampai (podavaina paryaavarana-needa) ekkuva prabhavanni chuuputaayi.
tetracyclinelu mariyu quinolonela paryaavarana prabhavalu gamaninchabaddaayi. avi maanava sareeramlo jeevakriya cheyabadavu mariyu anduvalla maarpu cheyabadavu. paryaavaranamloki pravesinchinappudu avi baga ksheenistaayi. avi itara jantuvulaku vishapuuritamainavi kaavacchu, mukhyamgaa suukshmajeevulu mariyu chepalanu prabhaavitam chestaayi. bharatadesamloni muruguneeti suddhi karmagaram nundi vachhe vyardhaalalo, aneka vistruta varnapata antibiatics saandratalu bacteria mariyu mokkalaku vishapuuritamainavigaa kanugonabaddayi. muruguneeti suddhi karmagaramlone, telisina anni antibioticslaku nirodhakata kaligina enterococa undevi.
muruguneeti suddhi karmagaralalo nirodhaka bacteria abhivruddhi antibiatics adhika saandrata dwara prerepinchabadutundi (udhaa.zii. mokkala muruguneeti loe), pedda mottamlo bacteria (udhaa.zii. plant muruguneetilo jodinchina maanava muruguneeti nundi), mariyu nominated samasyanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki upayoginchagala samachara empika gamaninchabadindi.
ghnaanamlo antaraalu.
samarthavanthamaina paryaavarana gurtimpu paddhatulanu abhivruddhi cheyali mariyu prastuta prapancha paristhitini mapp cheyadaaniki prapancha gurtimpu vyuuhaanni vartimpajeyaali. 
maanavulalo deerghakaalika paryaavarana vyaapti bahirgatam tarvaata, abhivruddhi yokka haani kaliginche kalallo, jala suukshmajeevulapai ledhaa itara jantuvulanu elaa prabhaavitam cheyavacho anchanaa vaeyadaaniki pratikuula prabhavalu sambhavinchavachaa anie anchanaa vaeyadaaniki prastutam etuvanti pariksha paddhatulu laevu. anduvalla, mundu jaagratta suutram maargadarsakamgaa undaali.
eee krutrima rasaayanaala pratikuula paryaavarana prabhaavaala pramaadaanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki uparitala neetilo matrame saandratalu saripovu. chepalu mariyu maanavulu upayoginche itara jala aahaaramlo jeeva-sekarana, alaage kalushitamaina neetilo aushadha mariyu itara rasaayanaala madhya sankalita mariyu synergetic prabhavalanu parigananaloki teesukoovaali.
oka chinna adhyayanamlo, meka, aavu mariyu maanava paalalo aneka aushadhaalu kanugonabaddayi. idhi entha saadhaaranam, saandratalu mariyu muulaalu anie telusukovadaaniki marinta parisoedhana avasaram.
marinta chadavandi.
paryaavaranam kosam swedish vaidyula vadda (paakshikamgaa swedish bhaashalo) naveekarinchabadina suuchanala jabita kanipistundi. kalushya karakaluga sait pharmaceuticals aanglamlo matrame undhi.

