
illu mariyu prapancham

illu mariyu prapancham (asalu bengaaleelo, ghare baire gorey baire ledhaa ghare baire, litt. "ett home und avtside") anedi ravindernath tagor raasina 1916 navala. paaschaatya samskruti aalochanalu mariyu paaschaatya samskrutiki vyatiraekamgaa viplavam madhya tagor thanatho taanu chesina yuddhanni eee pustakam vivaristundi. eee rendu aalochanalu rendu pradhana paatralalo chitreekarinchabaddaayi, hetubaddhamaina mariyu himsanu vyatirekinche nikhilesh, mariyu thana lakshyalanu cherukovadaniki edhee addankigaa nilabadanicche sandeep. bengaul praantam yokka charitranu mariyu daani samakaaleena samasyalanu ardham chesukovadamlo eee rendu vyatiraeka aadarsaalu chaalaa mukhyamainavi. 
rachayita menalludu surendranath tagor 1919loe rachayita nundi vacchina samaachaaramtho eee navalanu aanglamloki anuvadinchaaru. 2014loe aall-time gratest asean navalalo "dhi telegraph" jaabitaalo "dhi home und dhi varald" pootiidaarulaloo okatigaa nilichindi.
chaaritraka sandarbham.
raajakeeya udyamam.
eee navala 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo bharatadesanni aadhaaramgaa chesukuni roopondinchabadindi. aaa samayamlo desamlo jarugutunna jaateeya swaatantrya udyamamtho katha ekakaalamlo untundi, idhi bhaarata jaateeya congress chetha prerepinchabadindi. british valasa palananu antam cheyalane ummadi lakshyamtho teevravaada mariyu ahimsaatmaka aalochanalatho vividha jaateeya mariyu praantiiya pracharalu jarigaayi. 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo, mukhyamgaa modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo teevravaada jaateeyavaadam balamaina pradarsana kanabarichindi. eee udyamaaniki konni udaaharanalu indo-german oppandam mariyu gadhar kutra, rendoo viphalamayyayi.
bhaarata jaateeyavaada udyamamlo bhaagamgaa swadeshi udyamaanni ardham chesukovadam eee navalaku chaalaa mukhyam. 1905loe vaisray lard karjan bengaul vibhajanaku pratispandanagaa swadeshi udyamam praarambhamaindi, idhi hinduvulanu mariyu muslimlanu tatkalikamga vividha bhougolika praantalugaa vibhajinchindi. swadeshi udyamam british valasaraajyaalaku vyatiraekamgaa vijayavantamaina pratighatana vidhanam. bharatiya gurtimpunu, swaatantraanni pempondinchadaaniki british vastuvulanu bahishkarinchamani bharatiya pourulanu prothsahinchaaru. eee udyamam "bhaaratadesamlo kotta sphuurtini" pempondinchadamlo mariyu bharatadesanni britton nundi vaeru cheyadamlo mukhyamainadi, idhi taruvaati vistruta paedarikaaniki kaaranamani ekkuvagaa bhaavinchabadindi.
saampradaaya bharatiya kutumbam.
saampradaaya bhaaratadesamlo kutumba nirmaanaalalo ekaika kutumbam matrame kakunda taataamaamalu, attamamamalu mariyu avivaahita sodareemanulu kooda untaaru. ummadi kutumbam puraatana bhaaratadaesamtoe mudipadi unnappatikee, idhi ippatikee aadhunika bhaaratadesamlo prabalamgaa undhi. saampradayakamgaa, abbayilu dabbu sampaadinchi, kutumbaanni pooshinchagaliginanduna, abbayila kante abbayilu ekkuva praadhaanyatanistaaru, ayithe ammayilanu penchadam khareedainadi. jeevanopaadhi kosam pani cheyalekapovadamto paatu, aaa ammai vivaha katnam kosam bhaarii mottamlo dabbu mariyu viluvaina aabharanaalu, cheeralu vanti itara vilaasavantamaina vastuvulu avasaram. okasari ammayilaku itara kutumbaalaku vivaham jarigina tarvaata, vaaru tama kotta attagaariki "tandri" mariyu "talli" anie sambodhinchaalsi untundi. kutumbaanni gruhanirmaatagaa, kutumbaanni paryaveekshinchadam, pillalanu chusukovadam, alaage thana kotta attamaamalanu santoshapettadam bhaarya kartavyam.
"illu mariyu prapancham" anevi moodu pradhana paatrala vyaktigata poraataala gurinchi matrame kakunda, kutumba nirmaanam mariyu saampradaaya bharatiya gruhalu elaa undevo kooda chaalaa takkuva vivaraalanu chebutaayi. navala praarambhamlo, bimala oka saampradaaya, vidheyatagala gruhini, aame thana bhartaku nammakamgaa untundi, thana kopamgaa unna baavanu gowravinchamani kooda balavantam chestundi. "neenu jagrattagaa mariyu nissabdamgaa lechi naa bhartha paadaala dhoolini melkonakunda teesestaanu, atuvanti kshanaallo naa nuditipai vermillion maark udayam nakshatramlaa prakaasistunnatlu neenu elaa anubhooti chendagalanu" (11). ayithe, aame sandipto "premalo" padatamtho, aame nemmadigaa thana saampradaaya gruhini paatra nundi tananu taanu vidipinchukuntundi. aame marinta dhairyavanthuralai, thana baavamaridi vimarsalanu marinta aatmavisvaasamto tudichivesi, inti mahilala gadhi velupaliki velli, aame bhartha kaani gandaina sandeeptho sulabhamgaa sambhaashistundi. manchi inti bhaarya nundi swatantra, marinta aadhunika mahilagaa aame maaradam dwara.
paatralu.
nikhilesh.
nikhilnu vidyaavantudu, sunnitamaina vyaktigaa chuustaaru, varnistaaru. athanu kulin kuleena bhuswamula kutumbaaniki chendinavaadu, mariyu athani kutumbam andamaina mahilalapai garvistundi. ayithe, nikhil oka paedha mahilanu matrame kakunda, mukhyamgaa aakarshanheeyamgaa laeni vyaktini kooda vivaham chesukovadamlo bhinnamgaa unnadu. athanu sandipku snehitudu mariyu athani banglalo undataaniki anumatinchaadu. dheeni drishtya, athanu konni "daachina nirasanalaku" aasrayam icchaadani kooda pooliisulu anumaanistunnaaru. vaastavaaniki, nikhil vistruta konamlo thana desham paatra gurinchi marinta avagahana kaligi unnaadani bhaavinchi, swadeshi udyamamlo paalgonadaaniki niraakaristaadu.
bimala.
bimala nikhil bhaarya. aame chaalaa andamgaa ledani, nikhil kante chaalaa vinayapoorvakamaina nepathyam nundi vachinatlu varninchabadindi. aame thana bhartanu entho premistundi, ataniki puurtigaa ankitabhaavamtho undatam aanandistundi. navala praarambhamlo, aame saampradaaya mahilaa paatraku matrame parimitam ayinatlu anipistundi, mariyu aame bhartha nundi oppimputho kooda vaastava prapanchamloki pravesinchaalane aalochana ledhu. sandeeplo teevramaina prabhavam kaaranamgaa swadeshi udyamam sambhavinchadamtho aame bhavalu vaegamgaa marutayi.
sandle.
prema tribhujaanni puurti chesina eee navalalo moodava pradhana paatra sandeep. athanu nikhil mariyu bimala intlo atithigaa untaadu mariyu athani viplavaatmaka aalochanalu mariyu prasamgaalu bimala meeda gananeeyamaina prabhavanni chuuputaayi. ayana saamraajyavaada vyatiraeka abhiprayalalo chaalaa swaram galavaaru mariyu naipunhyam kaligina vakta. nikhil kaligi unna lakshanaalaku neerugaa vyatiraekamaina lakshanaalanu sandip suuchistumdi, tadwara bimala sandip vaipu aakarshistundi. sandip alaage aaa vyakti andinche aalochanalalo bimala chikkukupotundi. aame perugutunna deshabhakti aame sandipto ekkuva samayam gadapadaniki kaaranamavutundi, tadwara prema tribhuja sangharshananu patishtam chestundi. sandip modati paeru "deepa (telikapati agni jwaala) thoo" anie anuvadinchabadindi.
barani.
baaraa raani bimala baava. bimala thoo aame sambandham baga debbatindi. aame intlo chaalaa udriktatanu kaligistundi. aame korukunna bhouthika vastuvulanu pondadaaniki nikhilnu kooda upayogistundi. bimala thana gurinchi nikhilku nirantaram firyadu chestundi. sandip baabutho kalisipoyinanduku bara raani bimala nuu dooshistundi.
amoolya.
bimala amoolyanu thana dattata kumarudiga bhaavistundi, aamenu aame swadeshi udyamam nundi kalusukunnaru. vaaru modata kalisinappudu, tama prayojanam kosam dabbu sampaadinchamani bimala atanni adugutundi. athanu adavi pathakaalu mariyu pranaalikalanu jabita chestaadu, daaniki bimala "meeru pillaluga undakudadu" (138) anie samadhanam istundi. vaari paristhitini aalochinchina taruvaata, amoolya dabbu kosam cashiernu champadaaniki nirnayinchukuntaadu. tagor atanni mudi bhavodvegam mariyu abhiruchini suuchimchadaaniki upayogistaadu, ayinappatikee itarula patla saanubhooti lekapovadam tarachugaa samuuham ledhaa allarla manastatvamtho kappabadi untundi. udyama lakshyalanu puurti cheyadam mariyu bimala vanti vyaktigata sthaayilo balamaina sambandhaalanu pempondinchukovadam madhya, yea yuvakula maadirigaane, amoolya kooda kashtapadataadu; idhi sandip yokka saktivantamaina prabhavam valla chaalaa kashtamavutundi.
katha saaraamsam.
pradhana sanghatanalu.
ryali.
navala praarambhamlo, nikhil thana bhaarya bimala nuu bayati prapanchamlo cherela mariyu vaastavikatato marinta sannihitamgaa undela chese prayatnamlo oka raajakeeya rallyki teesukuvastaadu."bimala intaku mundu sandip gurinchi vinnappatikee, athani gurinchi kontha pratikuula abhiprayanni penchukunnappatiki, aame sandip prasangam vinadam idhe modatisaari. eee sanghatana sandip gurinchi aame abhiprayanni marchadame kakunda, intlo mariyu bayati prapanchamlo aame jeevitampai aame mottam drukpathaanni prabhaavitam chestundi. "neenu ika raaju intiki chendina mahilanu kaadu, bengaul streetvaaniki ekaika pratinidhini" anie bimala (31) chepparu.
bimala yokka saakshaatkaaram.
pustakam chivaralo, sandip thana bhartha nikhil nundi dongilinchamani bimalaanu oppistundi. 6, 000 roopaayalu dongilinche charyalo, aame chestunna bhayankaramaina neeraanni grahinchinappudu, "naa intini naa desham nundi vaerugaa bhavinchalekapoyanu neenu naa intini dochukunnanu, naa deshaanni dochukunnanu. eee papamu valana naa illu naadhi ayipoyindi, naa desham kooda naaku dhooramgaa undipoyindi "(144). idhi bimala paatraku oka malupu tirige amsaanni suchistundihi dongatanam chesetappudu, sandip deshaanni bhrashtupattinchadam mariyu dochukovadame kakunda, tananu mariyu itarulanu kooda adhe vidhamgaa cheyamani prothsahistundani aame grahistundi. chivariki, aame aaa dabbunu sandeepku icchi, kottagaa gurtinchina paapaaniki sandeepam mariyu amoolyula nundi nirantara prasamsalanu pondutundi.
ayithe, nikhil nundi dabbunu dongilinchadam dwara taanu porapaatu chesanani bimala grahinchi, aaa dabbunu bharti cheyadaaniki amoolya thana aabharanaalalo konnintini chippalo pettukoovadaaniki prayatnistundi. amoolya aaa pettenu tirigi ivvadaaniki prayatnistaadu, conny sandip daanini dongilinchi, swayamgaa tirigi istaadu. eee sanghatana kaaranamgaa amoolya mariyu bimala iddaroo sandeep thana gurinchi matrame shraddha vahistunnaarani telusukovacchu, tadwara vaaru thana valalo kontha bhaagam nundi vimukti pondavacchu. eee samayamlone bimala atanni sulabhamgaa asuyapettadam dwara sandippai thana saktini grahistundi.
mukhyamaina amsaalu.
sampradaayam verses aadhunikavaadam.
sheershika suuchimchinatlugaa, oka pradhana itivruttam bayati prapanchamtho inti sambandham. nikhil aadhunika, paaschaatya vastuvulu mariyu dustulanu aasvaadistaadu mariyu vaatitho bimala andistaadu. ayithe, hinduu sampradaayamlo bimala eppuduu inti complexes velupaliki velladu. aame prapancham paaschaatya mariyu saampradaaya bharatiya jeevitaaniki gharshana. nikhil thana vaddaku teesukuvacche aadhunika vastuvulanu aame aasvaadistundi, conny sandip vacchi atuvanti agnitho jaateeyavaadam gurinchi matladetappudu, aame eee vishayalanu thana jeevana vidhaanaaniki muppuga chustundi. bimala poraatam gurtimputoe undhi. aame desamlo bhaagam, conny illu mariyu aame illu samskrutula misramam matrame telusu. taanu preminchaalani telisina desham yokka aadarsaaniki maddatu ivvadam ledhaa thana illu, thana prapancham mottam kalahalu lekunda undela chudatam mariyu saampradaaya bharatiya mahila vale thana bhartaku maddatu ivvadam madhya aame cheelipoyindi. bimala thana saampradaaya jeevitam aadhunika prapanchamtho elaa kalisipotundo ardham chesukovadaniki prayatninchavalasi vastundi, mariyu daanini anagadokkakudadu. eee itivruttam jaateeyavaada itivruttamto mudipadi undhi, endukante jaateeyavaadam manchi kante ekkuva haani cheyagaladane avakaasaaniki vyatiraekamgaa tagor heccharinche maroka maargam idhi.
sandip verses. nikhil.
dhesha abhivruddhi patla nikhil mariyu saandiplaku chaalaa bhinnamaina abhiprayalu unnaayi. thana muduru charmam kaaranamgaa "aakarshanheeyamgaa" pariganinchabadani mahila ayina bimala nuu vivaham chesukovadamlo nikhil eee nammakalanu pradarsistundi. eee navalalo, nikhil teevramaina deshabhaktigala deshaanni ishtapadatam ledani, "balaprayogam? conny denikosam? balaprayogam satyaaniki vyatiraekamgaa vijayam saadhinchagaladaa?"(45). marovaipu, shakti mariyu saktini vishwasinche dhesha vruddhi gurinchi sandipku viruddhamaina abhiprayalu unnaayi, "naa desham kevalam naa janma desham kabatti naadhi kaadu. neenu balavantamgaa gelavagaligina rojuna adhi naadhi avutundi ". (45) nikhil mariyu sandip yokka viruddhamaina abhiprayalu kathanu erpaatu chesi bimala kosam gandaragolaanni srushtinchaayi. duradrushtavasaattu nikhil kosam, athanu ippatike bayati prapanchaaniki bimala choopinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu, mariyu navala prarambham nundi aamelo oka vidhamaina bhaavodvegaanni rekettinchaadu, mariyu viphalamayyaadu. sandipku goppa prasanga naipunhyam undhi, idhi kevalam athani abhiruchi mariyu krooratvam kaaranamgaa bimala meeda vijayam saadhistundi, idhi aame bhartaku lekapovachhu.
bhramalu.
navalalo bhramalu nirantaram erpadatam anedi pradhana punaraavruta itivruttamgaa maarutundi. sandip thana anucharulapai mariyu bengaul desampai daadaapu ellappuduu pratikuula prabhavalanu choope bhramalanu srushtistundi. athanu bengaul prajalanu oka vidhamaina aaraadhanaloki peelche thana nammakaala bhramanu nirmistaadu. athani bhrama puurti saarvabhoumaadhikaaram, anni itara prapanchaala nundi uchitam, mariyu sampada mariyu sweeya aanandam yokka antuleni sarafara. eee bhrama, anekam vale, nakileedi mariyu abaddham. idhi chivariki eee prajalaku vaari desham puurti gandaragolamlo mariyu vividha nammakaalato unna vyaktula madhya antaryuddhamlo padipovadaanni chuudataaniki mundu varusalo unna tikketlanu vikrayistundi. bimala bhavishyattu, mahilalu bhavishyattu, vaaru mokshaaniki enchukunna maargam anie cheppi, aame nammadaniki athanu oka bhramanu nirmistaadu. eee yuddhaaniki taanu baadhyuraalani, adhi aame matrame chestondane bhramanu bimala srushtistundi. aame anni tappulu chesindani, sarainadi kaadani. taanu kooda "bandhe maataram" baadhithuraalini anie angeekarinchadaaniki aame niraakaristundi. "neenu ippudu dhenikee bhayapadanu-naaku ledhaa marevarikee kaadu. neenu agnini daatipoyaanu. mantagaa unnadaanni buudida chesivesaru; migili unnadi maranarahitamainadi. naa papalannintini thana baadhalo lothugaa sweekarinchina ayana paadaalaku neenu ankitam ayyanu."(199) annintikante peddadi, sandip yokka shraddha mariyu abhiruchi musugu, athanu prapancham patla thana swaarthaanni mariyu korikanu dachipedatadu.
nijam.
okati kante ekkuva vidhaluga, eee navala satyam yokka vibhina abhipraayaala poolika. edhi nijam anedi paatakula vivaranapai aadharapadi untundi. nikhil prapancham gurinchi aadarsavaada drukpathaanni konasaagistundagaa, sandip prakrutini aaraadhinche drukpathaanni kaligi undhi. taanu oka radikal nayakudiga jeevistunna vaastava, mudi prapancham kante prapancham gurinchi nikhil drukpatham takkuvagaa undani ayana bhaavistaaru. bimala kooda satyaalanu polchali. sandeeptho aame paraspara charyala dwara, aameku "shakti" (stree shakti) yokka nijam parichayam cheyabadutundi, ayinappatikee nikhiltho aame jeevitam vaivahika satyam meeda kendrikrutamai undhi. eee sandarbhaalalo prati okkati satyaanni marinta aadhyaatmika ledhaa naitika konamtho unnatlugaa undataaniki kevalam lakshyam anie polchadam. katha vishaadamloo mugustundi, katha phalitamlo satyam yokka rendu abhiprayalu mukhyamaina paatra poeshistaayi, mariyu athanu ledhaa aame dhenitho angeekaristaaro ledhaa ekibhavinchaledani aalochinchadam paatakulaku vadiliveyabadutundi.
prema mariyu aikyata.
navala modati paejee nundi, nikhil mariyu bimala madhya prema mariyu aikyata pavitramainadigaa chithreekarinchabadindi. nikhil katha antataa taanu thana bhaarya patla ankitabhaavamtho unnaanani niroopinchaadu. athanu modata paedha kutumbaaniki chendina oka mahilanu vivaham chesukovadam dwara, aame nallati charmanni angeekarinchadam dwara dheenini niroopinchaadu. athanu aameku avagahana kalpinchadame kakunda, vaari inti cheralo unna aame sthaanaanni matrame kakunda, prapanchamlo aame sthaanaanni ardham chesukovadaniki kooda goppa prayatnam chesaadu. athanu aameku swechcha ivvadam dwara thana premanu chuupistaadu. bimala kooda thana bhartanu takkuva bhouthika paddhatiloo aaraadhistundi. idhi bimala yokka rojuvaaree aachaaramaina "dummu teeyadam" loe pradarsinchabadutundi, idhi saadhaaranamgaa bhaarya thana bhartaku cheyani bharatiya aacharam.
nikhil patla bimala yokka vipareetamaina bhakti kaaranamgaa, navala praarambhamlo, vaariddari madhya unna anubandhaanni vichchinnam cheyalenidigaa chuustaaru. ayithe, katha munduku saagutunna koddi, sandip patla aame bhavalanu bimala nemmadigaa adhigamistundi. nikhil, teevramaina aasayam mariyu okari aadarsaalanu himsaatmakamgaa rakshinchukovadamlo taanu korukunnadi sandeeplo kanugonnanani aame chivariki grahistundi. sandip patla aamekunna gaadamaina korika aame thana inti nidhula nundi dabbunu dongilinche varaku, nikhiltho thana pavitra sambandhaanni puurtigaa vichchinnam cheyadaaniki daariteesindi. vigraharadhana dwara deepam patla tanakunna premanu sandip choopistundi. ayithe, eee vigraharadhana aame swechcha kaaranamgaa jarugutundi.
nikhil mariyu bimala vivaham nundi, sandeep srushtinchina prema tribhujam dwara, chivaraku nikhil patla bimala premaku marosari tirigi velladam dwara prema mariyu kalayika anae itivruttaanni eee katha spashtamgaa pradarsistundi. eee katha vivaha sambandhaala sarihaddulanu pareekshistundi. idhi kevalam oka mudi pralobhamu kaaranamgaa 9 samvatsaraala vivaham daadaapu naasanam ayye sthaayiki vistaristundi mariyu malupu tirugutundi. srungaara prema aalochanatho paatu, navala antataa okari swantha desham yokka prema bhavana chithreekarinchabadindi. charya dwara, bahusha himsa dwara ledhaa nishkriyaatmaka sahanam dwara kooda okari deshaanni preminchadam uttamama vanti prasnalu nikhil mariyu sandeepla vaadanalaloo levanettabadataayi. prema mariyu aaradhana vivaahamlo samaantaramgaa kanipistunnappatiki, eee bhavalu okari deshaaniki vartinchavani nikhil nammutaadu. "naa deshaanni oka devudila aaraadhinchadam antey daani meeda saapam teesukuraavadam". (29)
mahilala paatra.
navala antataa, mundu cheppinatlugaa, bimala mariyu nikhil madhya sambandhamlo balamaina bhakti bhavana kanipistundi. eee navalalo kooda mahilala paatrapai paroksha anchanaa chaalaa suukshmamgaa kanipistundani gamaninchadam mukhyam. varninchina samaajamlo, bimala, chaalaa mandhi mahilala maadirigaane, thana bhartanu guddiga poojistundi. naa bhartanu melkonakunda athani paadaala dummu teeseskovadam" anie bimala varninchinappudu idhi chudavachu. aame eee gouravapradamaina charyanu chestu pattubadinapudu, aame pratispandana emitante, "daaniki yogyatato sambandham ledhu. idhi stree hrudayam, preminchaalante aaradhinchaali."(18). eee drushyam eee samaajamlooni sagatu streeni choopistundi, aame prema jarugutundani mariyu aaradhana anedi vivaahamlo ivvabadutundi anie nammutundi. aame thana bhartanu ardham chesukokunda ledhaa athanu evaro ardham chesukokunda guddiga gouravistundi.
eee samaajamlo oka mahila sthaanaanni soochinche aneka sanniveshaalalo marokati nikhil mariyu sandeep vaadinchetappudu mariyu bimala aame abhiprayanni adiginappudu, idhi aameku asadhaaranamgaa anipistundi, "naa bhartha mariyu athani purushula snehitula madhya charchalo naaku [bimala] intaku mundennadoo avakaasam labhinchaledu" (38). eee pankthi elaa balamaina disconnect undho choopistundi mariyu saadhaaranamgaa, vaastava prapancha sambhaashanhalalo oka mahilaku chotu ledhu. dheenini marinta niroopinchadaaniki, nikhil kathalo, oka mahila paatra spashtamgaa kanipistundi, "ippati varaku bimala naa intlo tayaaru chesina bimala, parimita sthalam mariyu chinna panula rojuvaaree dinacharya yokka utpatti" (42). eee paroksha suuchanalu mariyu vivaranalu navala antataa chaalaa tarachugaa untaayi mariyu mahilalu deniki lobadi unnaro mariyu samaajamlo vaari mottam paatranu ardham chesukovadaniki paatakulaku spashtamgaa anumatistaayi.
matam verses jaateeyavaadam.
eee navalalo oka pradhana amsam oka vaipu matam yokka praamukhyata mariyu marovaipu jaateeyavaadam. eee navalalo, mataanni marinta "aadhyaatmika drukpatham" gaa chudavachu, ayithe jaateeyavaadaanni "praapanchika drukpatham" gaa chudavachu."jeevitamlo nikhil yokka pradhana drukpatham naitika mariyu kanipinchanidi, ayithe sandeep ataniki vaastavikata ayina spashtamaina vishayaala gurinchi ekkuva shraddha vahistaadu. jeevitampai eee drukpatham, okaru thana abhiruchulanu anusarinchi, takshana santruptini korukune vidhamgaa jeevinchadam, balaanni istundani mariyu vaastavikatanu chitreekaristundani, idhi jaateeyavaadampai thana balamaina nammakamtho mudipadi undani sandeep nammutaaru. sandip drukkonam nundi, "vaastavikata avaastavaalanu edurkovalasi vachinappudu, mosam daani pradhana ayudham; endukante daani satruvulu ellappuduu vaastavikatanu sthuulamainadigaa pilavadam dwara siggupadataaniki prayatnistaaru, kabatti adhi tananu taanu dachukovali, ledhaa edainaa maaruveshamlo dharinchaali" (tagor 55). sandip varaku, vaastavikata "sthuulamainadi", "nijamainadi", "maamsam", "abhiruchi", "aakali, siggupadani mariyu krooramainadi" (tagor 55). marovaipu, nikhil abhiprayam okari abhiruchulanu niyantrinchadam mariyu naitika maargamlo jeevitaanni gadapadaniki sambandhinchinadi. sahajasiddhata mariyu saareeraka korikala aadhaaramgaa vyavaharinchadam dwara nirlakshyamgaa jeevinchadam kante, "thana kante unnata sthaayiki edagadaaniki prayatninchadam maanava swabhaavamlo oka bhaagam" anie ayana nammutaaru (tagor 57). oka vyakti thana abhiruchulanu niyantrinchadam neerchukoevaalani, "samyamanam yokka satyaanni gurtinchadam" neerchukoevaalani, "manam chuudaalanukunnadi mana kallaloki nokkadam dwara vaatini matrame gayaparustamuhu manam chudalemu" (tagor 60) anie nikhil vaadinchaaru. eee naitika suutraalannii ayana vishwaasamtho mudipadi unnaayi. naa shaashwata prema yugaluga, bhouthika vastuvula musugu venuka sthiramgaa naa kosam vechi undane aalochanatho okesari naa hrudayam elaa nindipoyindo" (tagor 66) gurinchi matladinappudu nikhil marinta mataparamaina konam nundi kooda matladatadu. nikhil kevalam manchigaa undataaniki prayatninchadam kosam naitikamgaa jeevinchadam ledani, adhi athani mataparamaina abhiprayalapai aadharapadi undani idhi choopistundi. vaari desamlo, vaariki "matam mariyu mana jaateeyavaadam" rendoo unnayani mariyu "phalitamgaa vaariddaruu baadhapadataaru" (tagor 80) anae vaastavaanni sandeep punarudghaatinchaaru.
chalanachitram, television ledhaa theatrical anusaranalu.
satyajit rae darsakatvamlo 1984 mae 22naa fraanslooni cons film festivallo 'ghare bair' chitram modatisaarigaa vidudalaindi. idhi canness film festivallo andukunna atyunnata puraskaralalo okataina golden paam avaarduku kooda nominate cheyabadindi. idhi taruvaata 1985 juun 21naa united stateslo vidudalaindi. satyajit rae (rachayita) mariyu ravindernath tagor (navala) script raitarlu. sandip paatranu soumitra chatterjee pooshinchagaa, nikhilesh paatranu victor benerjea pooshinchagaa, bimala paatranu swaateelekha sengupta pooshinchaaru.
gandhi vivaadam.
tagor gaandheeki praatinidhyam vahinchadaaniki prayatnistunnara ledhaa anae daanipai chaalaa vivaadam undhi. berlin patrika dye roat fahne (idhi saadhaaranamgaa aanglamloki "tagor yokka gandhi navala" gaa anuvadinchabadindi) loe eee navala gurinchi georjee lucaux 1922loe chesina sameeksha kaaranamgaa athanu eee tappudu suuchana chesadu. eee navala gandhi aadhaaramgaa undakapovachhu, endukante idhi 1916loe (mariyu intaku mundu vraayabadindi) gandhi dakshinaafrikaa nundi bharatadesaniki vachinappudu (1915) prachurinchabadindi mariyu telisina raajakeeya vyakti kaadu. navala prachurana jarigina chaalaa kaalam tarvaata 1919loe jarigina khilafat udyamam nepathyamlo gandhi bhaaratadesamlo raajakeeya praamukhyatanu pondaaru, 1920loe bhaarata jaateeya congress naayakatvaanni chepattaru.