
acamenid naavikaadalam

achemenids yokka naukaadalam () cree. puu. 525 mariyu 330 madhya unikilo unna pertian saamrajyam yokka puraatana naukaadalam.
vyutpatti.
puraatana pertianlo, acamenid saasanaala vraatapuurvaka bhasha, 'naavikaadalam' ledhaa 'naukaadalam' nuu suuchimchadaaniki upayoginche padam "naava", idhi bahuvachana streelinga namavachaka roopamlo unna namavachakam. idhi "navigation" mariyu "navigation" vanti padaalaku indo-european yokka muulaaniki samanam. pertian bhasha yokka aadhunika vaadukalo, eee padam daani roopam mariyu ardhaanni () nilupukundi.
charitra rachana.
dheeni gurinchi sambandhita praathamika patraalu dorakaledu, ledhaa pertian naavikaadala sthaavaraala sidhilaalu ledhaa naukala avasheshaalu tavvabadaledu. swatantra pertian sampradaayam poinappatiki, acamenid naavikaadalam gurinchi manaku telisinadantaa herodotus vanti puraatana greeku charitrakaarulu namodu chesaaru. phalitamgaa, eee naukaadalaaniki sambandhinchi samakaaleena avagahana aamodayogyamaina parikalpana.
charitra.
naavikaadalam yokka karyakalapala rikaardunu 525 nundi 479 varaku mariyu 479 nundi 330 BC varaku rendu vibhina kalaluga panditulu vargeekarinchaaru.
modati kaalam (525-479 BC).
pellutium yuddhamlo eejiptunu jayinchadaaniki combises naavikaadalaanni sthaapinchaadu. athani taruvaata, modati darius asea mainer tiiramtoe paatu daani prakkane unna dveepaalapai aadhipatyaanni balopetam cheyadaaniki naavikaadalaanni moharinchaadu. darius paalanalo, pertianlu samos (cree. puu. 517) nuu swaadheenam chesukunnaru, thressnu jayincharu, yuddha scythia (cree. puu. 512) nuu nirvahinchaaru, anachivesina tirugubaatlu cree. puu. 500loe prarambhamayyayi, idhi lade yuddhaaniki (cree. puu. 494) daariteesindi.
rendava kaalam (479-330 BC).
naukaadalam aegean samudramlo thana unikini kolpoyindi, daani balam taggindi. euremedon yuddhamlo (cree. puu. 468), pertianlu odipoyaaru mariyu thucidides kathanam prakaram 200 noukalanu kolpoyaru. tadupari otami cree puu 450 loe jarigindi, vaaru cyprus (aadhunika larnaca sameepamlo) loe yuddhamlo odipoyaaru.
samstha.
acamenid naavikaadalam yokka samstha, moulika sadupayalu mariyu aardhika punaadini srushtinchadam darius I kii aapaadinchabadindi.
punaadulu.
pradhana karyalayam.
phoenicia tiiraalu, alaage cyprus mariyu silicia ellappuduu acamenid naavikaadalamloo vyuuhaatmaka paatra poeshinchaayi. strabo mariyu herodotus naavikaadalam kosam rendu kendra sthaavaraalanu prastaavinchaaruh okati silicialo mariyu marokati kaim-phokeyaalo (rendoo aadhunika turkeylo unnaayi). naukala kosam sibbandiki sikshana icchina kendraalanu kendra sthaavaraala nundi verucheyabaddaayi. silician sthaavaraaniki pedda sankhyalo sainikulu oka rakshana dalam vadda moharinchi, aaa satrapeelo sthaanika nivaalula dwara nidhulu samakuurchaaru. aco moodava pradhana sthaavaramgaa panichesi undavacchu.
kaveh farrokh prakaram, naukaadalaaniki unnata sthaayini andinchina modati naukaadala pradhana karyalayam shutt all-arab vembadi undhi, idhi pertian gulph (aadhunika khurestan provins off iraanlo undhi) kuu daariteestundi. ayithe, silicia pradhana sthaavaram mariyu ellappuduu moharimpuku siddhamgaa undedi endukante shutt all-arab maadirigaa kakunda, idhi power projection kosam uddesinchabadindi.
itara naukaadala sthaavaraalu.
saidan mariyu holicarnassus, alaage samos vanti chinna squadronlu vaerae chota moharinchabaddaayi. oka mukhyamaina sthaavaram tripolis vadda unna oka shipyard, ikkada lebanese kalapa sameepamlo undedi. eejipt oka satrapeegaa unnappudu nail loya kooda vyuuhaatmaka sthaavaramgaa panichesindi. adhe paristhiti cypressku vartistundi. bahrain, oman, yemen mariyu bhaarata upakhandam vanti acamenid sthaavaraalu naukaadala noukalaku saadhaarana gamyasthanaalugaa undevi.
idhi anischitamgaa unnappatikee, abdera mariyu mayuslo sthaavaraalu unde avakaasam undhi.
karyakalapala praantam.
nalla samudram, aegean samudram, madhyadhara samudram mariyu pertian gulph vanti itara praantaalalo naavikaadala dalaalu churukuga unnaayi. vaaru mesopotamialoni shutt all-arab mariyu euphrates, eejiptlooni nail mariyu bhaarata upakhandamloni sind vanti nadhi ledhaa teerapraanta vaataavaranaalaloo gasteeni nirvahinchaaru.
command sopanakramam mariyu sibbandi.
naukaadalam yokka command sopanakramam khachitamgaa teliyadu, conny greeku muulaalu saamraajya kuleenula nundi unnata commanderlanu empika chesinatlu suuchistunnaayi. oodalu commanderlu, mariyu vividha pertianlu kaani nepathyaalatho kuudina naukaadalaalaku commanding adhikaarula nivedikalu unnaayi, kaariyanla vantivi. greeku muulaaniki chendina commanderlu kooda naukaadalamloo panichesinatlu nivedinchabadindi, indulo oka athenian kooda unnaaru. diguva sthaayi naavikula gurinchi daadaapu aemee teliyadu. naavikaadalaanni srushtinchina nepathyamlo, pertianlu phoenitian naavikulanu mariyu naavikulanu niyaminchukunnaaru, conny taruvaata itara vishayaala nundi niyaminchabaddaaru. dalaalalo nilabadi unna naavikulu pertianlu, medes ledhaa sythianlu.
sainikulu bahusha puurti chellimputho niyaminchabaddaaru, endukante sudeergha moharimpulu vaari sanghaalalo teevramaina maarpunu vidhinchaayi, mukhyamgaa okati ledhaa rendu pantalanu kaligi unte.
naukaadalam.
noukalu.
podavulo mariyu vedalpulo koliche, mariyu 300 mandhi sainikulanu uttamamgaa mosukellagala saamarthyam kaligina, phoenitian shipyardulalo nirminchina modati acamenid naavikaadala noukalu. christopher tuplin prakaram, cypriot noukalu "vividha sandarbhaallo pertian naukaadalaaloo mukhyamaina amsamgaa kanipistaayi".
pertian trirems.
pertianlu bhaarii sthaayilo triremlanu upayoginchina modati desham. nijaaniki, pedda tririmnu modatagaa cambisesnu niyaminchaaru. cree. puu. 490 natiki, naukaadalam yokka vennemukalo triremlu undagaa, cree. puu. 483 taruvaata athens konni kaligi undhi. konni triremlu sainikuluga, alaage konni gurralu mariyu saamaagrini mosukelladaaniki ledhaa vantenala nirmaanaaniki savarinchabaddaayi. 
pertian trirems greeku nundi bhinnamgaa undevi, mariyu phoenitian roopakalpananu upayoginchevi. greeku nowkalaloo moodava sthaayi roverlu oka avtrigarnu jodinchadam dwara, conny pertianlu vaatini unchadaaniki compartment yokka ettunu jodinchaaru. 
vaaru chaalaa podavugaa unnaarani mariyu oka punjam kaligi unnaarani nivedinchabadindi. oodalu manchi naukayana paristhitulalo cherukogalige saamarthyaanni kaligi undevi. vaaru ded stop nundi 30 seconlalo puurti vegaanni cherukogalaru.
chaturasraakaarapu terachaapato kuudina oka maast kaligi unna triremlu rendu blade teddulatoe kuudina chukkanini kaligi unnaayi, sturnku prati vaipu okati, cross bartho ekam cheyabadindi. raam kaamsyamtho tayaaru cheyabadindi, mariyu podavugaa mariyu oke binduvuku kudinchabadindi. 
lohapu gorrelu oka debba tarvaata satruvu naukala poralaloki mukkaluga mukkaluga cheyadaaniki roopondinchabaddaayi. oodallooni parikaraalalo grappling huklu (shatru noukalanu pattukoodaaniki mariyu aapadaniki upayoginchevi) mariyu rendu madamalanu kaligi undevi, rendodi raallu ledhaa mandey kshipanulanu visurutundi.
oka saadhaarana pertian trireamlo 170 roverlu unnatlu nivedinchabadindi, eguva filelo 62, mariyu madhya mariyu diguva filelo 54 choppuna unnaayi. rovarlatho paatu, triremlalo unna itara sibbandilo 14 mandhi naavikulu mariyu avasaramaite kontamandi vidi roverlu mariyu padavalu unnaayi. kristupurvam 480 loe, prati trime 200 mandhi purushulu mariyu 30 mandhi naavikulanu teesukuvellindani herodotus telipaaru. triremlu tama sonta saamaagrini nilva cheyadaaniki chaalaa raddiigaa undevi, aaharam mariyu neeti kosam sahayaka noukalapai aadhaarapadevi. sibbandi saayantram bhojanam mariyu nidra kosam digadam saadhaaranam.
itara yuddhanaukalu.
achemenid naavikaadalam taruvaata quinquerems vanti marinta adhunaatana noukalanu upayoginchindi. naukaadalamloo itara rakaala noukalu triconterlu, penteconter mariyu telikapati padavalu. nadhi gastee kosam upayoginche chinna noukalu garishtamgaa 100-200 dalaalanu mosukellagalavu.
ravana noukalu.
kristupurvam 373 loe egyptupai daadi chesina samayamlo, saadhaaranamgaa 100 nundi 150 tannula sthaanabhramsham kaligina aaharam mariyu itara saamaagrini teesukuvelladaaniki upayoginche pedda sankhyalo noukalanu naavikaadalam nirvahinchindi. 350 nundi 500 tannulanu mosukellagala saamardhyangala noukalu kooda gananeeyamaina sankhyalo upayoginchabaddaayi. vaaru eee prayojanam kosam pratyaekamgaa nirminchina gurrapu ravaanaadaarulanu (hippagogoi) kooda kaligi unnaaru, ivi sulabhamgaa 30 gurralanu mosukellagalavu. pertian gurrapu ravana noukalu 
anthony zhe prakaram, anukuulamaina gaalulanu sadviniyogam chesukunna manchi sailing noukalu. papalalu, vaaru bahusha tririm vaegaaniki saripoyela roopondinchabaddaarani vaaru jodinchaaru. gurrapu ravaanaalu nissaaramaina draft thoo kuudina galle ayi undavacchu, idhi gurralu neetilo digi ramp dwara egaradaaniki veelu kalpistundi.
vantena noukalu.
acamenids nadula oddulanu anusandhaaninchadaaniki noukalanu upayoginchinatlu telisindi. eee vantenalanu okadaanikokati oodalu kalapadam dwara mariyu vaatini kalisi kottadam dwara, palakalatho rahadari nirminchadam dwara nirminchaaru. genophone atuvanti vantenalanu nivedistundi, okati tigrispie 37 padavalanu upayoginchi, marokati mayanderpy edu padavalanu upayoginchi tayaaru cheyabadindi.
parimaanam.
combises aadhvaryamlo daani prarambha samvatsaraallo, acamenid naavikaadalam sumaru 300 triremlanu kaligi undani bhaavinchabadutundi, idhi eejipt naukaadalam mariyu daani mitraraajyaala samola polycretla mottaaniki samanam. creepoo 494 mariyu 490 loe perkonna 600 triremlatho eee sankhya taruvaata rettimpu cheyabadindi. naavikaadalam yokka prarambha erpaatulo (300 triremlu) 51,000 mandhi naavikulu mariyu vaelaadi mandhi naavikulu mariyu naavikulu undavacchu.
greeku muulaala prakaram, naukaadalamloo asalu naukala sankhya chivariki naalugu retlu perigindi. jerks I aadhvaryamlo navika dalaala gurinchi herodotus kathanam, 3,000 ravana noukalathoo paatu 1,207 yuddhanaukala sankhyanu unchindi. mott waters prakaram samakaaleena vidya anchanaalu 500 nundi 1,000 naukala varaku untaayi. eee sankhyalo pedda sankhyalo reserve noukalu unnayani, vaatannintinii nirvahinchadaaniki naavikaadalamloo taginanta puurti padava sibbandi laerani panditulu abhipraayapadutunnaaru. 600 triremlu mariyu konni gurrapu ravana noukalathoo pertianlu marathon yuddham (cree. puu. 490) kosam vacchaarani kooda herodotus paerkonnaadu. kontamandi vidyaavaettalu eee sankhyanu tiraskarinchinappatiki, anthony zhe. sakshyam eee nivedikaku maddatu istundani papalulu paerkonnaaru. prati oodaloo sagatuna 50 mandhi padavalu (oka traimaasikaaniki kaneesa) mariyu 10 nundi 20 mandhi naavikulu mariyu naavikulu kooda unnaarani parigananaloki teesukunte, naavikaadalam kaneesam 36,000 nundi 42,000 mandhi purushulanu raajee chesindi.
salamis yuddham (cree. puu. 480) taruvaata, naukaadalam ksheeninchadam praarambhinchindi mariyu sikharagra sthithilo daani hodaanu tirigi pondaledu. creepoo 404 taruvaata anchanaa vesina atipedda sankhya 400 trirems. aaa sankhya ippatikee athenian kootami yokka naukaadalaalaku samanamga undhi, kakapoyina anthakante ekkuva kaadu.
genda.
genophone "anabasis" loe vraasaadu, athani (chinna sairas) chihnam podavaina shaftpy vistarinchina rekkalatho kuudina bangaaru dega, idhi pertian raaju chihnamgaa netikee konasagutondi. dheenini dhruveekarinchadaaniki peddagaa aemee laenappatikee, kontamandi panditulu "alegzander mosaic" loe erupu vastrampai pasupu rangu dharinchina pakshi thala (ippudu debbatinna bhaagam) yokka praamaanika chitrana undani paerkonnaaru. maidaanamlo apadaana vadda oka chadarapu phalakam kooda undhi, mariyu adhi deganu choopinche avakaasam undhi.
prabhavam mariyu vaarasatvam.
charitralo kanipinchina mottamodati nijamaina "imperial naevii" acamenid naevii. pertianlu tama kaalamlooni kotta naukaadala pramaanamgaa 'tririm naevii' nii sthaapinchina ghanata kooda pondaaru. achemenid naavikaadalam sthaapana iranian navika injaneeringku, alaage "cree. sha. 19va sataabdam madhya natiki british eest india company mariyu raayal naevii raaka varaku eee praantamloo konasagina saktivantamaina pertian samudra sampradaayaaniki" punaadi vesindi.
naavikaadala dalaalu acamenid saamrajyam yokka teerapraanta praantaalanu chaalaa varaku prabhaavitam chesaayi. vaaru rajadhani nundi chaalaa kathinamaina niyantranalo unchabaddaaru, mariyu acamenids sainika daadulaloo bhaareega palgonnaru. sidoniyulu tama nagaramlo unna naukaadala sthaavaram nundi aardhikamgaa labhapaddaru.

