
vipress

yipres (,;;;) anedi paschima flanders provinceloni belgian nagaram mariyu municipality. ayina 
dutch paeru adhikaarikamainadi, nagaram yokka french paeru saadhaaranamgaa aanglamlo upayoginchabadutundi. eee munisipaalitiiloo yapres/iper nagaram mariyu boising, brielen, decabus, elverding, hollebeck, sint-zaan, vlamerting, vormezele, jillebeck mariyu juidschot gramalu unnaayi. kalisi, vaaru sumaru 34,900 mandhi nivaasitulaku nivasamga unnaaru.
modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo, yapres (ledhaa british dalaalu saadhaaranamgaa piliche "vipers") german mariyu mitraraajyaala dalaala madhya yapres yuddhaalaku kendramgaa undedi.
charitra.
muulam.
yipres oka puraatana pattanam, cree. puu. modati sataabdamloo romanlu daadi chesinatlu telisindi. idhi modata 1066loe paeru dwara prastaavinchabadindi mariyu bahusha idhi sthaapinchabadina odduna unna iperly nadhi paeru meeda pettabadindi.
madhya yugaalalo, yapres 1200 AD loe 40,000 janaabhaato sampannamaina fleemish nagaramgaa undedi, idhi inglandto naara vaanijyaaniki prasiddhi chendindi, idhi "conterbury kathalalo" prastaavinchabadindi.
flanders counteeloo moodava atipedda nagaramgaa (ghent mariyu brajes taruvaata) yapres vastra parisrama charitralo mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchindi. 12va sataabdam praarambhamlo keevan rus loe novgorod marketlalo yapres nundi vastraalu kanugonavacchu. 1241loe, oka pedda agnipramaadam paatha nagaramloni chaalaa bhaganni naasanam chesindi. eee saktivantamaina nagaram bangaaru spurse yuddham, mones-enn-pevel vadda yuddham, melun shanti mariyu cassel yuddhamtho sahaa mukhyamaina oppandaalu mariyu yuddhaalalo paalgondi.
prasiddha vastra mandiram 13va sataabdamloo nirminchabadindi. eee samayamlo kooda, appudu deyyam mariyu mantravidya chihnamaina pillulanu, bahusha idhi dushta raakshasulanu vadilinchukuntundani nammakam kaaranamgaa, batta haall nundi visiriveyabaddaayi. eee roeju, eee chattam pattanam antataa trivaarshika pilli kavaatutoe ghnaapakam cheyabadutundi.
1377loe, vastra kaarmikulu tama yajamaanulaku vyatiraekamgaa tupaakulu pattukunnappudu, vaarini uriteesaaru, tirugubaatu aaropanalu edurkonnaru mariyu mataviswaasaala aaropanala vichaarana dwara bhogi mantallo kaalchivesaaru (enn. kohn, 1981:86)
aangla bishop henry leey desensor netrutvamloni norwich crusade samayamlo, french sahaya dalaalu vachhe varaku, mae nundi augustu 1383 varaku yipres muttadinchabadindi. therounne naasanam taruvaata, 1561loe yapres kotta dioces yokka sthaanamgaa maarindi, mariyu seyint martin charchini cathedralga penchaaru.
25 marchi 1678naa yapresnu france yokka luis XIV dalaalu jayinchayi. idhi nijamegen oppandam prakaram frenchlo undipoyindi, mariyu wouban thana vilakshanhamaina kotalanu nirminchaadu, adhi netikee chudavachu. 1697loe, raiswick oppandam taruvaata, yapres spanish kiriitaaniki tirigi ivvabadindi.
spanish vaarasatva yuddha samayamlo, 1709loe marlbero duke, aaa samayamlo oka pradhana french koota ayina yipresnu swaadheenam chesukovalani bhaavinchaadu, conny yipres chuttoo unna paelavamaina paarudala bhoomilo thana sainyamlo vyaapti chendutunna vyaadhini pattukoodaaniki chaalaa kaalam mariyu krushi kaaranamgaa thana manasu marchukunnadu (malplockwett yuddhanni chudandi). 1713loe dheenini hobsburglaku appaginchi, austrian netherlandslo bhaagamgaa marcharu.
1782loe hobsburg chakravarthy joseph II godalaloni konni bhaagaalanu kuulchiveeyaalani aadesinchaadu. paakshikamgaa matrame marammatu cheyabadina eee vidhvamsam, modati sankeerna yuddham samayamlo 1794loe yapres muttadilo french vaaru nagaranni swaadheenam chesukovadanni sulabhataram chesindi.
1850loe eee praantamloo bhuuvignaana shaastram aadhaaramgaa belgian bhuuvignaana shaastravetta mariyu hubert dumont eee yuganiki yapresian yugam anie paeru pettaru.
aakramanadaarulanu dhooramgaa unchadaaniki yapres chaalaa kaalamgaa balavardhakamgaa undedi. 1385 naati prarambha prakaaraala bhagalu ippatikee rijselport (lille gate) sameepamlo manugada saagistunnaayi. kalakramena, bhuu nirmaanaalu sthuulakaayamaina raathi mariyu bhoomi nirmaanaalu mariyu pakshika kandakamtho bharti cheyabaddaayi. 17va mariyu 18va sataabdaalaloo hobsburgs mariyu french aakramanalo unnappudu yipres marinta balaparachabadindi. 17va sataabdam chivaralo french sainika injanir sebastian leey prestray dii waban pradhana panulanu puurti chesaaru.
modati prapancha yuddham.
modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo yipres oka vyuuhaatmaka sthaanaanni aakraminchindi, endukante idhi migilina belgium antataa mariyu uttaraana (schliffen pranaalika) nundi fraansloki germany pranaalikaabaddhamaina sweep maargamlo nilichindi. london modati oppandam dwara sthaapinchabadina belgium tatasthata,
britton dwara haamii ivvabadindi; belgium meeda germany dandayaatra british saamrajyaanni yuddhamloki teesukuvacchindi. german sainyam nagaranni moodu vaipula chuttumutty, yuddhamlo chaalaa varaku daanipai bambu daadi chesindi. edurudaadiki, british, french mariyu mitraraajyaala dalaalu vipress nundi chuttupakkala kondalapai german lainlaloki khareedaina purogatini saadhinchaayi.
modati yapres yuddhamlo (19 october nundi 22 november 1914), mitraraajyaalu germanla nundi pattanaanni swaadheenam chesukunnayi. 1915 janavari 3naa bolimov yuddhamlo germanlu tear gyasnu upayoginchaaru. 1915 april 22naa modatisaarigaa vaaru visha vaayuvunu upayoginchadam rendava yapres yuddhaaniki naandi palikindi, idhi 1915 mae 25 varaku konasaagindi. vaaru pattanaaniki thoorpuna unna ettaina praantaanni swaadheenam chesukunnaru. modati gyaas daadi kenadian, british mariyu french sainikulapai jarigindi, veetilo metropolitan french sainikulu alaage french africa nundi senegalese mariyu algerian tyrailers (telikapati padaatidalam) kooda unnaayi. upayoginchina vayuvu chlorin. eee pattanam paeru nundi yaperait anie kooda piluvabade aavalu vayuvu, 1917 saradrutuvulo yapres sameepamlo modatisaarigaa upayoginchabadindi.
yuddhaalalo, atipedda, atyanta prasiddhamaina mariyu maanava baadhalo atyanta khareedainadi yipres yokka moodava yuddham (juulai 31 nundi november 10,1917 varaku, dheenini paschendale yuddham anie kooda pilustaaru), dheenilo british, kenadian, anjack mariyu french dalaalu nagaraniki thoorpuna unna paschendale parvatasrenini bhayankaramaina praananashtamto tirigi swaadheenam chesukunnayi. nelala tarabadi jarigina poraatam taruvaata, eee yuddham phalitamgaa anni vaipula daadaapu ara million mandhi maraninchaaru, mariyu konni mailla bhoomini matrame mitraraajyaala dalaalu geluchukunnayi. yuddha samayamlo eee pattanam mottam phirangi kaalpula valla tudichipettukupoyindi.
aanglam matlade sainikulanu tarachugaa uddeshapoorvakamgaa "vipers" anie tappugaa uchcharinchadam dwara iper/vipress anie pilustaaru. british sainikulu "dhi vipers times" anae yuddhakaala vaartaapatrikanu kooda prachurinchaaru. british dalaala prayojanam kosam whiteshete "white sheet" gaa maaradam mariyu plogsteert "plug streat" gaa maaradam vanti vipress praantamlooni itara flemish pradaesaala paerlaku uddeshapoorvakamgaa tappugaa uchchaarana chese adhe sailini vartimpajesaaru.
1914loe german mariyu british sainikula madhya anadhikaarika chrismus sandhini nirvahinchina pradaesaalaloo yipres okati.
rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo, british dandayaatra dalam (bef) yapres-commines kaaluva vadda germanlatho pooraadutundi, idhi mitraraajyaalu dunkirk kuu tirogamananiki anumatinchina charyalalo okati. adolph hitler (taruvaata germany chhaansalar) modati prapancha yuddhamlo yipres vadda poraadaadu, taruvaata france yuddhamlo pattanaanni sandarsinchaadu.
yuddha ghnaapakaalu mariyu smaaraka chihnalu.
1920 fibravari 12naa king georg V, modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo munisipaaliteeki eee alankaranaku chendina rendu avaardulalo okati, verdon kuu ivvabadinadi, sainikadhikara siluvanu yipres nagaraniki pradaanam chesaadu. 1920 maeloe feeled marshal french nagaramlo oka pratyeka vedukalo siluvanu samarpinchaaru, 1925loe dheenini french chroix dii gyuretho paatu nagaram yokka kotu off armsku jodinchaaru.
1920laloe, british anubhavagnulu yapres leagnu erpaatu chesi, britton pooraadutunnadani vaaru viswasinchina annitikee nagaranni chihnamgaa maarchaarani, vaari manassulalo daaniki pavitra prakaasaanni icchaarani charitrakaarudu maark connelly paerkonnaadu. yapres leag kandaka yuddhanni aadhyaatmika anveshanagaa maarchadaaniki prayatninchindi, dheenilo british mariyu saamraajya dalaalu vaari tyaagam dwara suddhi cheyabaddaayi. 1920loe leftinent-kalnal beckless beckles willson yokka guide book, "dhi holey ground off british arms" yapres leag yokka manasika sthithini swaadheenam chesukundih
yapreslo pavitram kaani okka sagam ekaramuu ledhu. aneka mandhi nammakamaina yuva hrudayaalaku aasrayam ivvani okka raayi kooda ledhu, vaari oka prerana mariyu korika ingland kosam poradatam mariyu avasaramaite chanipovadam. vaari raktam daani madatalu mariyu daani sellaarlanu tadipivesindi, conny eppuduu oka chukka kooda chindinchakapothe, yipres rakshanalo oka jeevitam kooda kolpoyi undakapothe, adhi prerepinchina aasalu mariyu dhairyam kosam mariyu adhi chusina shouryam mariyu tyaagam yokka drushyaalu kosam matrame ayithe, yipres ippatikee pavitramgaa undedi.
britton vaasulu tama manushula badhalanu oohinchukoovadaaniki, panchukoovadaaniki, aadhyaatmika prayojanaanni pondadaaniki yapres oka teerthayaatra gamyasthanamgaa maarindi.
yuddham taruvaata, winston churchill yipresnu samadhiga vadiliveyaalani pratipaadinchaaru, saraina yajamaanulu tama bhoomini tirigi pondakunda undataaniki. 1919 marchi praarambhamlo, belgian pathakam cathedral mariyu vastra haall mariyu vaati chuttoo unna bhavanalanu shidhilaavasthalo vadiliveyaalani undhi. 1919 november natiki, belgian prabhutvam rendu pathakaalanu teevramgaa pariseelinchindi, rendoo vastra haall mariyu kethadralnu sidhilaavasthaloo unchaayi, conny oka pathakam goppa pradaesam chuttoo illanu punarnirminchadaaniki anumatistundi, ayithe marokati haall mariyu cathedral chuttoo chetla beltnu srushtistundi. 1920 septembaru arambham natiki, british prabhutvam menin gate mariyu daani chuttupakkala praantaalanu smaaraka chihnamgaa upayoginchaalani nirnayam teesukundi, appatiki, belgianlu appatike eee praantaanni punarnirminchadam praarambhinchaaru.
100va vaarshikotsava kaalamlo, modati prapancha yuddha vaarasatvaanni yipres mariyu chuttupakkala samrakshinchadaaniki marinni prayatnaalu jarugutunnaayi.
rendava prapancha yuddham.
1944 septembaru 6naa, 1va polish saayudha vibhagam 4 samvatsaraala aakramana tarvaata yipres pattanaanni vimukti chesindi, mariyu menin gate vadda raatri 'chivari post' veduka tirigi praarambhinchabadindi; 1940loe yipresnu aakraminchinappudu germanlu vedukanu nishedhinchaaru; 1941 janavari nundi vimukti varaku, brookwood sainika smasaanavaatikalo rojuvaaree ghnaapakaartham jarigindi.
eee roeju vipress.
yuddham taruvaata germany chellinchina dabbunu upayoginchi pattanaanni vistrutamgaa punarnirminchaaru, pradhana chaturasram, vastram haall mariyu town halto sahaa, saadhyamainanta asalu designlaku daggaragaa punarnirminchabadindi (migilina punarnirminchina pattanam marinta aadhunikamgaa kanipistundi). modati prapancha yuddhamlo yipres paatraku ankitam cheyabadina mariyu zaan makkre raasina kavitaku paeru pettabadina flanders fields museum loe eee roeju unna vastra haall undhi.
belgium yokka paschima bhaagamlo unna "westhoek" anie pilavabade oka chinna nagaram yapres. eee rojullo vipress "shanti nagaram" anae birudunu kaligi undhi mariyu yuddham teevra prabhavanni chuupina maroka pattanamtho sannihita snehaanni konasaagistundih hiroshima. rendu pattanaalu atyanta ghoramaina yuddhanni chushai rasayana yuddhanni upayoginchina modati pradaesaalaloo yipres okati, ayithe hiroshima anhu yuddha prarambhanni edurkondi. nagaralu mallee eppuduu lakshyamgaa undakudadani, anvaayudhaala nirmuulana kosam pracharam cheyaalani yapres mariyu hiroshima nagara prabhutvaalu vaadistunnaayi. 2020 natiki anvaayudhaalanu raddu cheyadaaniki mariyu nirmuulinchadaaniki prapanchavyaaptamgaa nagaralu mariyu pourulanu sameekarinche antarjaateeya mayer samstha ayina shanti kosam meyarla antarjaateeya prachara sachivalayanni vipress nirvahistundi.
drushyaalu.
pattana kendram.
eee gambheeramaina vastra mandiram 13va sataabdamloo nirminchabadindi mariyu madhya yugaalalo atipedda vaanijya bhavanaalalo okatigaa undedi. eee roeju unna nirmaanam yuddham taruvaata punarnirminchina asalu madhyayuga bhavanam yokka khachitamaina coppy. haalnu adhigaminche belfreelo 49-gantala caryllan untundi. mottam samudaayaanni 1999loe unesco prapancha vaarasatva pradaesamgaa gurtinchindi.
1221loe nirminchina gothik-shaili seyint martin cathedral kooda yuddham taruvaata puurtigaa punarnirminchabadindi, conny ippudu adhika sikharamtho. idhi aspress yokka bishop mariyu johnsenism anie piluvabade matha udyamaaniki tandri ayina jansenius samaadhulanu kaligi undhi, mariyu neverse (1273-1322) mariyu flanders (1305-1322) lekkimpu ayina "flanders yokka simham" anae maaruperuto piluvabade bethyoon yokka robbert samaadhulanu kaligi undhi.
menin gate.
missing kuu menin gate memorial british commonwealth sainikulanu ghnaapakam chestundi-newfoundland mariyu newzealand minaha-1917 augustu 16 kii mundu modati prapancha yuddhamlo appressientlo padipoyina mariyu teliyani samadhi laeni vaaru. aaa thedhee taruvaata maraninchina united kingdom mariyu newzealand sainikulaku tyne cott vadda unna smaaraka chihnampai paeru pettaru, idhi yuddham mugise varaku belgiumlo commonwealth dalaalu cherukunna atyanta dhoora pradaesaanni suuchistumdi. itara newzealand praananashtam butt nyuu british smasaanavaatika mariyu messigns ridge british smasaanavaatika vadda smaaraka chihnalapai ghnaapakam cheyabadutundi. menin gate sainikulanu matrame namodu chestundi, veeriki telisina samadhi ledhu. samadhulu gurtinchabadinanduna, vaatilo khananam cheyabadina vaari paerlu dwaaram nundi tolaginchabadataayi.
surr reginald blamfield roopondinchina eee smaaraka chihnanni, surr vilium reed dick silpamtoe, 1927 juulai 24naa lard plumour aavishkarinchaaru. dheenini commonwealth waar graves commission nirminchindi mariyu nirvahistondi.
smaaraka chihnam yokka sthaanam mukhyamgaa padunainadi, endukante idhi pattanam nundi thoorpu maargamlo undhi, idhi sainikulanu pooraataaniki teesukuvellindi-chaalaa mandhi tirigi raaledu. 1929 nundi prati saayantram, sarigga enimidi gantalaku, menin gate smaaraka chihnam yokka gambheeramaina vampula chuttoo traaphik nilipiveyabadindi, ayithe chivari post association yokka buglerlu gate krinda "chivari post" nuu akkada poradi maraninchina british saamraajya sainikula ghnaapakaartham mogistaaru. rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo eee vedukanu aakramita german dalaalu nishedhinchaayi, conny vimochana saayantram-6 september 1944naa tirigi praarambhinchabadindi-pattanamlooni itara praantaalalo bhaarii poraatam konasaagutunnappatiki. badulugaa, chivari post veduka aaa kaalaaniki inglaandlooni brookwood military smasaanavaatikalo rojuvaareegaa nirvahinchabadindi.
yuddha samayamlo australia chesina tyaagaaniki gurtimpugaa 1936loe belgium prajalu yapres kotu-off-aarmsnu kaligi unna raathi simhaalanu australiaku samarpinchaaru. vaaru ippudu conberraloni australian yuddha smaaraka chihnamlo nivasistunnaaru. 2017loe, belgian, flemish mariyu australian prabhutvaala ummadi prayatnamlo, yapres ledhaa passendale yokka moodava yuddham yokka 100va vaarshikotsava smaaraka sevala kosam, simhaalanu tatkalikamga menin getku tirigi pampaaru. khachitamaina pratiruupaalu ippudu vaati asalu sthithilo, daani thoorpu vaipuna menin getku velle vidhananni kapadukuntu vyavasthapinchabaddaayi.
yuddha samadhulu.
mitraraajyaalu mariyu kendra saktulu rendoo, yuddha samadhulu, yipres chuttoo unna prakruti drushyaanni kappi unchutaayi. mrutulalo atyadhikulu longmark german yuddha smasaanavaatika mariyu tyne cott commonwealth yuddha smasaanavaatikalo unnaaru. yipres chuttoo unna graameena praantaalu zaan makkre raasina prasiddha padyam "inn flanders fields" loe pradarsinchabaddaayi.
seyint georg smaaraka charchi modati prapancha yuddhamlo yapres kosam jarigina aidu yuddhaalalo maraninchina british mariyu commonwealth sainikulanu smaristundi.
aardhika vyavastha.
yipres oka chaaritraatmaka nagaram ayinappatikee, paryatakam nundi gananeeyamaina aadaayaanni aarjistunnappatiki, idhi aneka paarisraamika praantaalanu kooda kaligi undhi. atipeddadi iperly kaaluva venta undhi, idhi sumaru 120 companylaku mariyu vipressku uttaraana oka pavana vyavasaya kshetraaniki sthalam istundi.
iper business park anie piluvabade karyalaya praantam paarisraamika praantaaniki anusandhaaninchabadi undhi. aaa karyalaya praantam prasangam gurtimpu samstha learnt & hospy yokka pradaesamgaa praarambhamaindi, mariyu company diwala teese varaku dheeniki "flanders longuage valley" (silicon vyaaleeni anukarinchadam) anie paeru pettaru. appati nundi, karyalaya praantam chaalaa kashtataramaina samvatsaraalanu kaligi undhi, ikkada karyalayalalo pedda vataa upayoginchabadaledu. ayithe, aaa samvatsaraalu chaalaavaraku mugisai, prastutam, eee praantam sumaru 1000 mandhi udyogulaku udyogam andistundi.
appudu yipres kuu dakshinaana picanol chuttoo unna praantam vanti aneka itara, chinna paarisraamika praantaalu kooda unnaayi.
ravana.
nmbs nadipe iper railway stationlo gantaku railu margalu unnaayi.
dheenini brassels nundi kooda access cheyavachu, eurostar kuu anusandhanam cheyavachu, mariyu rendu staplatho 75 nimishalu padutundi.