
paejee lopam

computinglo, paejee falt (konnisaarlu pf ledhaa haard falt anie pilustaaru) anedi oka prakriya saraina sannahalu lekunda memory paejeeni access chesinappudu memory management unit (mmu) levanette minahaayimpu. paejeeni access cheyadaaniki prakriya yokka virtual adrus spaceku mappingnu jodinchaalsina avasaram undhi. antekakunda, asalu paejee vishayalanu disk vanti backing store nundi load cheyalsi raavacchu. mmu paejee lopaanni gurtistundi, conny operating system kernell bhouthika memarylo avasaramaina paejeeni access cheyadam dwara ledhaa chattaviruddhamaina memory accessnu tiraskarinchadam dwara minahaayimpunu nirvahistundi.
vindos, makolu mariyu linux kernell vanti virtual memarini upayoginche edainaa operating systemloni prograamlaku andubaatulo unna memory mottaanni penchadaaniki chellubaatu ayye paejee lopaalu saadhaaranam mariyu avasaram.
rakalu.
chinnadi.
porapaatu utpannamayye samayamlo paejee memarylo load cheyabadi, memory management unitlo memarylo load cheyabadindani gurtinchakapothe, daanini mainer ledhaa saft pages falt antaaru. operating systemloni paejee falt handler kevalam memory management unitloni aaa paejeeni memaryloni paejeeki choopinchi, paejee memarylo load cheyabadindani suuchimchaali; idhi paejeeni memaryloki chadavavalasina avasaram ledhu. memarini vividha prograamla dwara panchukunte mariyu paejeeni ippatike itara prograamla kosam memaryloki teesukuvaste idhi jaragavacchu.
paejeeni oka prakriya yokka pani samiti nundi kooda tolaginchi undavacchu, conny inca diskku vraayabadaledu ledhaa tolaginchabadaledu, udaaharanaku dviteeya paejee cashingnu upayoginche operating systemlalo. udaaharanaku, disk loe vraayaalsina avasaram laeni paejeeni (udaaharanaku, disk nundi chivarisariga chadivinappati nundi adhi marakunda unte) tolaginchi, pani chese sett chaalaa peddadigaa bhaavinchinatlayithe daanini uchita paejee jaabitaalo unchavacchu. ayithe, paejeeni vaerae chota ketayinche varaku paejeelooni vishayalu bharti cheyabadavu, antey ketaayinchadaaniki mundu asalu prakriya dwara soochinchabadithe adhi ippatikee andubaatulo untundi. eee lopaalu disk japyanni kaligi undavu kabatti, avi pradhana paejee lopaala kante vaegamgaa mariyu takkuva khareedainavi.
majer.
idhi demand meeda andubaatulo unna programme memory mottaanni penchadaaniki operating system upayoginche yantraangam. programme daanini upayoginchadaaniki prayatninche varaku mariyu paejee lopam utpannamayye varaku operating system disk nundi programme yokka bhaagaalanu load cheyadamlo alasyam chestundi. porapaatu samayamlo paejee memarylo load kakapothe, daanini majer ledhaa haard pages falt antaaru. OS looni paejee falt handler uchita sthaanaanni kanugonavalasi untundih memarylo uchita paejee ledhaa memarylo uchitam kaani paejee. eee rendodi maroka prakriya dwara upayoginchabadavachhu, eee sandarbhamlo OS aaa paejeelooni daetaanu vrayavalasi untundi (idhi chivarisariga savarinchabadinappati nundi vraayabadakapothe) mariyu aaa paejee daani prakriya paejee pattikalo memarylo load cheyabadaledani gurtinchandi. sthalam andubaatulo unchina tarvaata, OS kotta paejee kosam daetaanu memaryloki chadavavacchu, memory management unitlo daani sthaanaaniki oka entreeni jodinchavachhu mariyu paejee load cheyabadindani suuchimchavachchu. anduvalla chinna lopaala kante pedda lopaalu khareedainavi mariyu antaraayam kaliginchina programme amaluku nilva access japyanni jodistaayi.
chellanidi.
virtual adrus spacelo bhaagam kaani adrasnu suuchimchadaaniki paejee falt sambhaviste, daaniki anugunamgaa memarylo paejee undadani ardham, appudu daanini chellani paejee falt antaaru. operating systemloni paejee falt handler appudu saadhaaranamgaa ullanghana prakriyaku vibhajana lopaanni pamputundi, idhi access chelladani suuchistumdi; idhi saadhaaranamgaa chellani suuchananu chesina code yokka asaadhaarana mugimpuku daariteestundi. oka shoonya pointer saadhaaranamgaa chirunama sthalamlo 0 nii adrus cheyadaaniki pointerga suuchimchabadutumdi; aneka operating systems aaa chirunamanu kaligi unna paejee memarylo ledani suuchimchadaaniki mmuni erpaatu chestaayi, mariyu aaa paejeeni virtual chirunama sthalamlo cherchavu, tadwara shoonya pointer dwara suuchimchabadina memarini chadavadaaniki ledhaa vraayadaaniki chese prayatnaalu chellani paejee lopaanni pondutaayi.
chellani paristhitulu.
chattaviruddhamaina praapyatalu mariyu chellani paejee lopaalu vibhajana lopam ledhaa bassu lopaniki daariteeyavachchu, phalitamgaa yap ledhaa oes crash avutundi. software doshaalu tarachugaa eee samasyalaku kaaranaalu, conny overclocking valla kalige hardware memory lopaalu, paayintarlanu paadaipoyi aarogyakaramaina kodlanu viphalam cheyadaaniki kaaranamavutaayi.
operating sistamlu paejee lopaalanu nivedinchadaaniki vibhina yantraamgaalanu andistaayi. access ullanghana minahaayimpulugaa chellani paejee lopaalanu nivedinchadaaniki microsoft vindos nirmaanaatmaka minahaayimpu nirvahananu upayogistundi. unix lanty vyavasthalu saadhaaranamgaa sigsegvi vanti sankethaalanu upayoginchi eee dosha paristhitulanu prograamlaku nivedistaayi. lopaanni sweekarinche programme daanini nirvahinchakapothe, operating system default charyanu nirvahistundi, saadhaaranamgaa dosha paristhitiki kaaranamaina nadustunna prakriyanu muginchadam mariyu programme panicheyakapovadam gurinchi viniyogadaaruku teliyajeyadam vantivi untaayi. vindos tarachugaa etuvanti vivaraalaku vellakundaa ituvanti kraashlanu nivedistundi. anubhavagnudaina viniyogadaaru windbiji mariyu crash samayamlo vindos srushtinche minee dump upayoginchi vivaranaatmaka samacharanni tirigi pondavacchu. unix lanty operating systems eee paristhitulanu "vibhajana ullanghana" ledhaa "bus error" vanti dosha sandeshaalatho nivedistaayi mariyu core dumpnu utpatti cheyavachu.
paniteeru prabhavam.
paejee lopaalu vyavastha paniteerunu digajaarchutaayi mariyu debbatinadaaniki kaaranamavutaayi. haard disk drivelanu upayoginche sampradaaya computerlalo pradhana paejee lopaalu vaati paniteerupai gananeeyamaina prabhavanni chuuputaayi, endukante sagatu haard disk drive sagatu bhramana jaapyam 3 ms, seek samayam 5 ms mariyu badilee samayam 0.05 ms/paejee kaligi untundi. anduvalla, paging kosam mottam samayam 8 ms (= 8,000 mos) kii daggaragaa untundi. memory access samayam 0.2 micro setlu ayithe, paejee lopam operation nuu 40,000 retlu nemmadigaa chestundi.
prograamlu ledhaa operating systemla paniteeru optimisation tarachugaa paejee lopaala sankhyanu taggistundi. optimisation yokka rendu praathamika lakshyalu mottam memory viniyogaanni tagginchadam mariyu memory sthaanaanni meruguparachadam. paejee lopaalanu tagginchadaaniki, developerlu paejee hitlanu garishtamgaa penche tagina paejee replacement algorithamnu upayoginchaali. paejee lopaala sambhavaneeyatanu tagginchadaaniki huristic algaarithamlanu amalu cheyadam vanti aneka pratipaadanalu pratipaadinchabaddaayi.
pedda bhouthika ghnaapakasakti kooda paejee lopaalanu taggistundi.

