
lingam yokka saamaajika nirmaanam

lingam yokka saamaajika nirmaanam anedi saamaajika saastramlo saamskrutika muulaalu, yantraamgaalu mariyu linga avagahana mariyu vyakteekarana yokka parinaamaala yokka vyakteekarana gurinchi vyakteekarana mariyu vyakteekarana yokka paraspara mariyu samuuha saamaajika paraspara charya sandarbhamlo oka siddhaantam. pratyaekamgaa, linga siddhaantam yokka saamaajika nirmaanam linga paatralu saamaajika vaataavaranamloo saadhinchina "hodha" anie nirdesistundi, idhi prajalanu parokshamgaa mariyu spashtamgaa vargeekaristundi mariyu anduvalla saamaajika pravartanalanu prerepistundi.
praathamika bhavanalu.
prapancha aarogya samstha.
prapancha aarogya samstha (evaru) 2023loe ilaa perkondi 
hodha mariyu sopanakramam.
2023loe evaru ilaa paerkonnaaru
streevaada siddhaantam sandarbhamlo, hodha anae padam daani vyaavahaarika vaduka nundi maarutundi, antey rank ledhaa pratishta anie ardham, conny badulugaa samajalu vibhajinchabadina varusa poralu ledhaa vargaalanu suuchistumdi, konni vidhaluga "labels" ledhaa "paatralu" kuu paryaayapadamgaa untundi. labels" mariyu "paatralu" yokka ardha bhedaalu "sthithi" anae padamgaa ekaruupamavutaayi, aapai vibhajana dwara varusaga "aapaadinchabadina sthithi" mariyu "saadhinchina sthithi" gaa vibhajinchabadataayi.
manasika vislaeshanhaatmaka mariyu radikal feminism yokka domainlo, ekapaksha shakti yokka yantraamgaa hodha adanapu praamukhyatanu kaligi untundi; indulo ekapakshamgaa palgone paarteela paraspara oppandaaniki viruddhamgaa hodha nundi adhikaranni pondadaanni suuchistumdi. anduvalla, hodha mariyu hodha chihnalanu balaheenaparachadam mariyu vidadeeyadam anedi ekapaksha adhikaram nundi vimukti pondadaaniki mundastu avasaram.
saamaajika nirmaanavaadam.
saamaajika nirmaanavaadam anedi vaastavikata yokka nishpaakshikata mariyu maanava indriyaalu mariyu ghnaanam yokka saamarthyam madhya sambandhaanni vivarinche ghnaana siddhaantam. saamaajika avagahanalu mariyu vyakteekaranala sankalanam gaa vaastavikata undani, mariyu grahinchina vaastavikata matrame parigananaloki teesukovalasina vaastavikata anie idhi pratyaekamgaa nokki chebutundi. edainaa grahinchina vaastavikata chellubaatu avtundane, vaastavikata saamaajika avagahanalu mariyu vyakteekaranalapai niyantrana dwara taarumaaru cheyabadutundane parinaamaalatoe idhi kalisi untundi.
russian-american rachayita ayan raand abhivruddhi chesina nishpaakshikatapai vimarsha mariyu tiraskarana rendintikee sambandhinchi saamaajika nirmaanavaada udyamam udbhavinchindi. pratyekinchi, ghnaanam kosam pratyakshavaada aadharam yokka oohalo; antey saamaajika nirmaanavaadam vaastavikata gurinchi anubhavika vaastavaalanu telusukovacchu anae bhavananu tiraskaristundi, ayithe vastunishtata daani dwara nirvachinchabadutundi. daanipai spashtamgaa aadhaarapadakapoyinappatiki, saamaajika nirmaanavaadam anae amsampai chaalaa saahityam sopanakramam mariyu adhikaaraaniki aneka koonaalloo daani sambandhampai drushti pedutundi. foucault rachanalalo mariyu upanyaasampai ayana rachanalalo upayoginchinatlugaa, eee saannihityam marxist siddhaantam yokka sannihita sphuurtidaayakamaina muulaanni pradarsistundi.
haarvard manastatvavetta steven pinker yokka "dhi blanck slate" anae rachana, "dabbu, padaveekaalam, pourasatvam, dhairyam kosam alankaranalu mariyu united states presidency vanti samajikamga nirminchina vargaala unikini vaadistundi."idhi" unikilo undhi endukante prajalu unikilo unnatlugaa vyavaharinchadaaniki mounamgaa angeekaristaaru."ayithe avi saamaajika nirmaanavaadaaniki vaastavikatanu ardham chesukovadaniki ekaika maargamgaa maddatu ivvavu, nirdishta drugvishayaaniki oka nirdishta sandarbhamgaa, mariyu maanava uniki yokka swabhaavam gurinchi mana avagaahanalo anubhavika shaastreeya daetaanu parigananaloki teesukoovadaaniki maddatu istayi. eee paddhatiloo, pinker "lingam, lingam mariyu laingikatala nirmaanampai" saamaajika nirmaanavaada panditulu maresec, crafford & pappai spashtamgaa viruddhamgaa vaadinchaaru, vaaru samajikamga vyavastheekruta namuunaalu vivikta muulaala nundi udbhavinchagalavu mariyu badulugaa tabula raasa siddhaantaaniki anukuulamgaa undagalavu anae aalochanaku vyatiraekamgaa vaadinchaaru, idhi ghnaanam mariyu ardham pratyaekamgaa saamuuhika prayatnamgaa utpatti cheyabadatayani mariyu vyakti swatantramgaa alaa cheyalekapoyadani perkondi. saaraamsamlo, ardhaanni srushtinchadam anedi ontari paristhitulalo oka vyakti saadhinchinappudu kooda bhaagaswaamya prayatnam, endukante vyaktitvam anedi gurtimpu, aham mariyu athi ahankaaram dwara filter cheyabadina aneka bahya prabhaavaala koodalilo kanipinche bhrama.
linga srushti yokka nirmaanavaada vruttaamtaalanu rendu pradhana pravahaluga vibhajinchavacchani kooda alsope, fitzsimans & lennon gamanincharu
lingam yokka saamaajika nirmaanam yokka bhouthikavaada mariyu vivechanaatmaka siddhaantaalu rendoo nityaavasaravaada ledhaa anivaryam kaanivi kaavacchani kooda vaaru vaadistaaru. dheeni ardham, eee siddhaantaalalo konni purushatvam mariyu streetvam yokka saamaajika srushtini parigananaloki teesukunnappudu mahilalu mariyu purushula madhya spashtamaina jeeva vibajananu oohistaayi, ayithe itara siddhaantaalu lingaala madhya jeeva vibajananu saamaajika nirmaanam nundi swatantramgaa bhaavinchadaanni vyatiraekistaayi.
lingam.
jeevasambandhamaina lingam mariyu streetvam mariyu purushatvam yokka saanghika amsaala madhya vyatyaasaanni vivarinche saadhanamgaa lingam upayoginchabadutundi. paschima mariyu zimmerman prakaram, idhi vyaktigata lakshanam kaadu; idhi "saamaajika paristhitula yokka udbhavinche lakshanamh vividha saamaajika erpaatla phalitamgaa mariyu hetubaddhata, mariyu samaajamlooni atyanta praathamika vibhajanalalo okadaanni chattabaddham chese saadhanamgaa."
oka saamaajika nirmaanamgaa, lingaanni streevaada siddhaantam dwara saadhinchina hodaagaa pariganistaaru, saadhaaranamgaa (pratyaekamgaa kakapoyina) idhi baalyamlone saadhinchabadutundi. fenster maker pratipaadinchinatlugaa, saadhinchina drukpathaaniki samakaaleena nirmaanavaada drukpatham maddatu istundi mariyu paschima deshaalu, lingaanni pramaanaatmaka prescriptions mariyu paristhitula chararaasula aadhaaramgaa linga vargaala gurinchi nammakalanu upayoginche karyakalapamga ("cheyadam") nokki chebutunnayi. eee "linga karyakalapalu" purusha mariyu streelinga vanti pravartanala samuuhaalanu kaligi untaayi, ivi vaati laingika pratiruupamtoe mudipadi untaayi mariyu tadwara varusaga "purushudu" mariyu "stree" vanti bhaavanalanu nirvachistaayi. ayithe, purusha ledhaa streelinga bhavana vyakteekarana yokka vilakshanhamaina ledhaa uddesinchina swabhaavaaniki saripoyela parimitam ledhaa haamii ivvabadadani gamaninchabadindi. anduvalla, lingaanni vyaktiki baahyamgaa ardham chesukovacchu, indulo itarulatoe paatu itarulache konasagutunna teerpulu mariyu madimpula shreni untundi.
linga paatralu.
linga paatralu anevi linga hodha yokka konasagimpu, ivi oka nirdishta linga sthithitho anubandhinchabadina itara saadhinchina sthithulanu kaligi untaayi. takkuva saiddhaantika paramgaa, linga paatralu saamaajika dynamicslo kriyaatmaka sthaanam, dheeni kosam neraverpu anedi "lingam cheyadam" loe oka bhaagam."
linga paatralu "samayam, sandarbham mariyu samskrutilo gananeeyamgaa maarutuu unde saamaajika nirmaanaalu" anie anubhavika parisoedhanalu suuchistunnaayi. ronald eff. levant mariyu cathleen alto ilaa vraasaaru 
american tatwavetta judit butler linga paniteeru mariyu linga paatrala madhya thedaanu chuupaaru, idhi vaari lingam gurinchi vaari swantha avagahananu vyakteekarinchae pravartananu vyakteekarinchadaaniki korukune vyakti yokka saamaajika pravartanalu mariyu saamaajika linga vyakteekaranalaku anugunamgaa undaalane avagahananu srushtinche pravartana madhya varnistundi. linga paniteerulo palgonadam anedi linga paatranu neraverchadaaniki ottidiki anugunamgaa undadani, ledhaa linga paatranu neraverchadam anedi linga paniteeru korikanu santrupti parachadani dheeni ardham kaadu. eee vyatyaasam pradhanamgaa sandarbham mariyu prerananu suuchistumdi, nirdishta pravartanalu mariyu parinaamaala kante-ivi tarachugaa daggari sambandham kaligi untaayi. liva mariyu arkeros chesina parisoedhana bodhinchabadutunna linga pravartanalanu vivaristundi. argentinalo, come prajalaku avagahana kalpinchaalane uddesamto missionarylu sthaanika samaajamlo linga niyamaalu mariyu european aadhunikataku maradanni balopetam chesaaru.
streevaadam yokka konni upa domainlalo, intersectional feminism vanti vaatilo, lingam anedi oka pradhaanamainappatiki ontari aksham kaadu, dheenitho paatu anachiveta karakalu pariganinchabadataayi, berkovitz vyaktam chesinatlugaa, "linga kramam kramaanugatamgaa untundi, mottam meeda, purushulu adhikara mariyu hakku paramgaa mahilalapai aadhipatyam chelaayistaaru; ayinappatikee bahula mariyu viruddhamaina adhikara vanarulu mariyu anachiveta okadaanitoe okati mudipadi unnaayi, mariyu anni purushulu mahilala meeda aadhipatyam chelaayincharu. linga vibhajana jaathi, jaathi, saamaajika taragati, laingikata mariyu deshamtho vividha rangula mariyu paristhitula paramgaa elaa kalustundi anae siddhaantaanni suuchistumdi.
lingam, mukhyamgaa linga paatralu, saamaajika avagahanalu mariyu vyakteekarana yokka taarumaaru vaastavikatanu vyaktam chese phalavantamaina mariyu saktivantamaina maargamgaa entho dohadapadatayani berkovitz nokki chepparu. pratyaekamgaa, ekapaksha adhikaranni sampaadinchadaaniki mariyu upayoginchadaaniki spashtamgaa takkuva saamarthyam unna mahilalaku paatralanu sthaapinche saamaajika nirmaanamloo mahilalu saadhaaranamgaa purushulache anachiveyabade vaastavam. eee saktini vyaktam chesi, upayoginche vyavasthanu saadhaaranamgaa "pitruswamya" anie pilustaaru. spashtam cheyadaaniki, ikkada ekapaksha padam adhikara muulaanni streevaada siddhaantam vivarinchinatlugaa hodha nundi udbhavinchindani suuchimchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi. suuchimchina pitruswamya nirdishta namuunaa, saamarthyam ledhaa pratishta nundi udbhavinchina stareekarana ledhaa shakti yokka yea thedaanu chuupadu.
maanava shaastravetta catherine ell. leviston, maine loe somali baantu saranaarthulu tallidandrula vishayamlo linga paatralalo thedaalanu bestman gamanistaadu; pratyeka paatralu vaari linga-agency aadhaaramgaa vyaktula agencyni communicate chestaayi, dheenilo purushulu saamaajika shakti paramgaa anukuulamgaa untaaru. tallidandrulu tamaku telisina ekaika maargamlo america yokka praja laingika samskruti nundi vaarini rakshinchadaaniki prayatninchinanduna baalikalu "gouravapradamaina pravartanaku perugutunna pariseelanaloo unnatlu anipinchindihi mundastugaa erpaatu chesina vivaham mariyu gruha panulaku chaalaa baadhyatalu". ayithe, abbayilaku takkuva baadhyatalu, ekkuva swechcha ivvabaddaayi. baluru mariyu baalikala baadhyatala madhya vyatyaasam "tallidandrula adhikaram" thoo anubandhamtho americalo oka nirdishta lingaaniki chendinadi antey emito saranaarthula pillala avagahananu nirvachistundi. vyavasaya pani vanti somaliato poliste americalo saampradaaya purushula panulu lekapovadam phalitamgaa eee vairudhyaanni bestman gamaninchaaru, ayithe saampradaaya streela panulanu nirvahinchagaligaaru.
linga gurtimpu.
linga gurtimpu anedi oka sambandhita bhavana, idhi vyaktula madhya abhivruddhi chendina bahya saamaajika avagahananu suuchimchadaaniki badulugaa, linga gurtimpu anedi vyaktigata sthaayilo okari swantha lingam yokka antargata bhavanni suuchistumdi.
laingikata/laingika dhorani.
iteevali samvatsaraalalo, yuu. ess loe praathamika paatasaalalu.ess. swalinga thallidandrulatho saampradaayetara kutumbaalu, swalinga samparkula roll models ledhaa (takkuva sandarbhaallo) vaari swantha laingikata/laingika dhoranini kanugoni angeekaristunna koumaaradasalo unnavaaru unde adhyaya pustakaalanu teesukelladam praarambhinchaaru. herman-willmarth mariyu ryaan praatinidhyamlo eee perugudalanu angeekarinchaaru, ayithe pustakaala parimita empika eee paatralanu swalinga samparkam yokka prachuryam pondina lakshanaala vaipu drushti saarinche vidhananni vimarsinchaaru. rachayitalu eee praatinidhya sailini "homonormative" gaa vargeekarinchaaru, mariyu kathaanaayakudu vaari linga gurtimpunu prasninche pustakam yokka ekaika udaaharanalo, vaaru trans myaan kaadaa ledhaa vaaru kevalam natistunnaarani aspashtamgaa migilipoyindi.
diamond mariyu butterworth linga gurtimpu mariyu laingika gurtimpu anedi dravam anie mariyu ellappuduu rendu mukhyamaina vargaluga (purushudu ledhaa stree mariyu swalinga samparkulu ledhaa suutigaa) undavani vaadinchaaru; vaaru padeella kaalamlo laingika minority samuuhamlooki vachhe mahilalanu interview cheyadam dwara eee nirnayaaniki vacchaaru. oka mahila saapekshamgaa saadhaarana balyanni kaligi undhi, conny koumaaradasalo aame laingikatanu prasninchindi mariyu aame purushulatho panicheyadam praarambhinchi, purusha "vaikharini" sweekarinchi, aame linga gurtimpunu prasninchadam praarambhinchae varaku aame lingam mariyu laingika gurtimpulo sthiramgaa undipoyindi. aame' oka 'athanu' ayinappudu athanu purushulanu aakarshanheeyamgaa chudatam praarambhinchaadu mariyu kramamga swalinga samparkudigaa gurtinchabaddadu.
itarulu laingikata gurinchi grahinchadam anedi okari lingam gurinchi itarula avagahana yokka podigimpu. purushatvaaniki taginatlugaa ledhaa streelingatvaaniki taginatlugaa pravartinche vyaktulaku binna linga samparkam unnatlu bhaavistaaru. evarainaa lesbianga gurtinchabadaalanukunte, modata oka mahilagaa gurtinchabadaali; okaru swalinga samparkudigaa chudalanukunte, oka purushudigaa chuudaali.
pradhana linga gurtimpu.
alsope, fitzsimans & lenon prakaram, "lingam anedi sanklishtamaina mariyu nirdishta saamaajika mottam nundi nesina gurtimpulo bhaagam, mariyu chaalaa nirdishta mariyu sthaanika pathanaalu avasaram". anduvalla, linga gurtimpunu lingam gurinchi samajikamga unna avagaahanalo bhaagamgaa nirvachinchavacchu. lafrance, palak mariyu breskol oka padamgaa, "linga gurtimpu" anedi mahilalu ledhaa purushulugaa vaari prastuta sthithiki sambandhinchi vaari vaikharini mariyu vaikharini vyaktam cheyadaaniki vyaktulanu anumatistundi. oka nirdishta linga vyakteekaranhatho linga paridhini saamaajika ekaabhipraayam nundi nishpaakshikataku okari sweeya-gurtimpuku marchadam vyaktula madhya vaividhyaanni vivarinchadaaniki chaalaa ekkuva sthalaanni vadilivestundi.
itara gurtimpulatoe linga gurtimpu yokka vibhajanalu.
lingam yokka praamaanika bhavanalaku purushulu mariyu mahilalu baadhyata vahistundagaa, eee javaabudaareetanam jaathi, jaathi, vayassu, taragati modalaina vaati aadhaaramgaa contentlo bhinnamgaa untundi. vividha jaatula purushulatho vaari sambandham kaaranamgaa tellajati mahilalu mariyu rangu mahilalu lingaanni bhinnamgaa anubhavistaarani mariyu rendu samuuhaala streelu saampradayakamgaa purusha saktini vividha margallo dhruveekarinchadaaniki upayoginchabadutunnaarani hernado vaadinchaaru. kontamandi rangu mahilalu tiraskarana ledhaa "adhikaaraaniki pitruswamya ahvanam" nuu tiraskarinchadam dwara longipotaru. udaaharanaku, kontamandi tellajati purushulu rangugala mahilalanu kaarmikulu mariyu laingika dookudu vastuvulugaa chudavachu; idhi tellajati mahilalatho vaariki unna bhavodvega anubandham lekunda purushulu saktini mariyu laingika dookuduni pradarsinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. tellajati mahilalu tama linga pradarsanaku saampradayakamgaa tellajati purushulaku lobadi undataaniki baadhyata vahistaaru, ayithe rangu mahilalu laingika vastuvulugaa mariyu tellajati purushulatho sambandhaalalo asabhyakaramaina mariyu asabhyakaramaina mahilalugaa vaari linga pradarsanaku baadhyata vahinchavachhu. tellajati purushulatho mahilala "sambandha sthaanam" aadhaaramgaa lingam vishayamlo javaabudaareetanam yokka vividha roopaalu untaayani west mariyu fenstermaker nirdhaarinchaaru.
lingam anedi oka sadhana.
paschima mariyu zimmerman prakaram, lingam antey kevalam okaru emito kaadu, conny okaru emi chestaro-idhi saamaajika paraspara charyalalo churukuga utpatti avutundi. lingam anedi oka saaphalyam "okari linga vargaaniki tagina vaikharulu mariyu karyakalapala yokka pramaana bhavanalu velugulo unna pravartananu nirvahinche charya". linga paniteeru jaragalante prajalu mishrama linga samoohaalalo ledhaa samoohaalalo undavalasina avasaram ledhu; linga utpatti itarulatoe jarugutundi mariyu itarula oohinchina samakshamlo ontarigaa kooda nirvahinchabadutundi. "lingam cheyadam" antey kevalam gataanugatika linga paatralaku anugunamgaa undatam kaadu-idhi lingam gala edainaa pravartanalo churukaina nischitaartham, ledhaa lingamgaa anchanaa veyabade pravartana.
sandarbham batti linga paniteeru maarutuu untundih samayam, sthalam, saamaajika paraspara charya modalainavi. linga paatrala amalu sandarbham meeda aadharapadi untundi-paatralu "master identities" kuu badulugaa "unna identitylu". ghnaanam yokka saamaajika shaastram modatagaa prajalu vaari rojuvaaree, saiddhaantika-kaani ledhaa puurva-jeevitaallo "vaastavikata" gaa "telisina" vishayaalatoe sambandham kaligi undaali. maroe maatalo cheppalante, "ghnaanam" ledhaa vaastavikata gurinchi vyaktigata avagahanalu.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru.kendra drushti undaali."
eee pradarsanalu linga vargaala yokka aavasyakatanu saadhaaraneekaristaayi. maroe maatalo cheppalante, lingam cheyadam dwara, memu lingam yokka mukhyamaina vargaalanu balopetam chestaamu-paraspara pratyaekamaina rendu vargaalu matrame unnaayi. purushulu mariyu mahilalu tappanisarigaa bhinnamgaa untaarane aalochana purushulu mariyu mahilalu tappanisarigaa bhinnamgaa kanipinche margallo pravartinchelaa chestundi. linga vargeekarana jeevasambandhamaina lingampai aadharapadi unnappatikee, idhi lingam yokka samajikamga nirminchina pradarsanala dwara oka vargamgaa nirvahinchabadutundi (udaaharanaku, meeru oka lingamarpidi vyaktini streegaa gurtinchavacchu, vaastavaaniki aame puttinapudu purushudigaa ketayinchabadinappudu).
samsthalu lingam gurinchi pramaanaatmaka bhaavanalanu kooda srushtistaayi. maroe maatalo cheppalante, lingam ekakaalamlo srushtinchabadutundi mariyu nirvahinchabadutundi-"atuvanti adhikara sambandhaala yokka oka prakriya mariyu utpatti, madhyamam mariyu phalitam". neeli mariyu telupu collar kaarmikulanu pariseelinchinappudu, mumby aadhipatya ledhaa aadhipatya purushatvam purushulaku aamodayogyamaina pravartana yokka pramaanaanni andistundi, adhe samayamlo, idhi purushula pravartana yokka utpatti anie vaadinchaaru. konni sandarbhaallo edainaa gurtimpu nirmaanaala kosam dheenini cheppavacchu (udhaa.zii. streetvam, jaathi, nalla streetvam modalainavi.).
javaabudaareetanam.
prajalu tama linga pradarsanalaku (vaaru 'elaa kolavagalaru') tamanu taamu mariyu okarinokaru javaabudaareegaa unchukuntaaru. itarulu tama pravartananu anchanaa veyavachani, vargeekarinchavacchani vaariki telusu. idhi paraspara charya prakriya (kevalam oka vyakti matrame kaadu). saamaajika nirmaanavaadam lingam anedi saamaajika jeevitaaniki sarva sambandhitamainadigaa prajalu anchanaa vese oka vargam anie nokki chebutundi. lingam anedi sarva sambandhitamainadi antey purushulugaa ledhaa streegaa vaaru chese pani dwara prajalanu ellappuduu anchanaa veyavachu. prajalu ellappuduu lingaanni pradarsistunnaarani, saamaajika paristhitulalo lingam ellappuduu sambandhitamgaa untundane vaadanaku idhi aadharam.
saamskrutika bhavanalaku anugunamgaa unde pravartanalaku, alaage vaidolige pravartanalaku javaabudaareetanam vartinchavachhu-saamaajika nirmaanavaadamlo javaabudaareegaa undataaniki "avakaasam" mukhyamainadi. udaaharanaku, auto parisramalo takkuva sankhyalo mahilalu enduku unnaaranedaaniki prajalu icchina kaaranaanni stab pariseelinchaaru. ituvanti muriki pani mahilalaku saripodani, kutumba vidhula kaaranamgaa mahilalu sikshana pondalekapotunnarani purushulu paerkonnaaru. autolo panicheyadaaniki arhata kaligina mahilala nundi tamanu taamu vaeru chesukovadaniki purusha kaarmikulu purushatva purushatvaanni srushtinchaarani stobe vaadinchaaru. purushula aadhipatya vruttulalo panichese mahilalu tama streetvam mariyu vruttiparamaina viswasaneeyatanu jagrattagaa nirvahinchi, samatulyam chesukovali.
konni sandarbhaallo lingam marinta pramukhamgaa kanipinchinappatikii-udaaharanaku, oka mahila purusha-aadhipatya vruttiloki pravesinchinappudu-lingam takkuva spashtamgaa unna sandarbhaallo linga vargaalu kooda pradhanamainavigaa maarataayi. udaaharanaku, stree purusha aadhipatya samuuhamlooki pravesinche mundu purushatvam yokka bhavanala dwara lingam nirvahinchabadutundi.
jaathi, taragati mariyu itara anachivetalu kooda sarva sambandhita vargaluga undavacchu, ayinappatikee avi asamaanatalu jarige prati saamaajika sambandhaalalo "annee" okela undavu. nirdishta jaathi samuuhaalu elaa untayane daani gurinchi prajalaku mundastugaa bhavanalunnayi (eee vargeekaranalo jeevasambandhamaina bhaagam laenappatikee). javaabudaareetanam paraspara charya endukante idhi kevalam vyaktilo matrame jaragadu. idhi samsthaagatamainadi endukante vyaktulu tama pravartanalaku samsthalu ledhaa saamaajika paristhitulalo itarulu, edainaa saamaajika samuuhamloo (lingam, jaathi, taragati modalainavi) sabhyudiga javaabudaareegaa undavacchu.). javaabudaareetanam yokka eee bhavana lingaanni dynamicga chestundi endukante purushulu mariyu mahilalaku tagina pravartanagaa pariganinchabadedi maarutundi mariyu kalakramena punarutpatti cheyabadutundi mariyu sandarbhaanni batti bhinnamgaa punarutpatti cheyabadutundi. niraksharaasyulaina mariyu vidyaavantulaina african americanlalo lingam vividha margallo srushtinchabadutundi.
pani pradaesamloe lingam.
belgiumlo adhika naipunhyam kaligina udyogaalu kaligina moraco mahilalu pani-jeevita samatulyatanu kanugonadaaniki kashtapadutunnarani nivedinchaaru; vaaru vruttiparamaina gurtimpupai charchinchina prabhaavaala nundi jaatini vadilivestaaru, conny lingam gurinchi charchistaaru. belgian karyalayamlo moraco mahilalaku linga chitranalu prayojanakaramgaa ledhaa pratikuulamgaa undavacchu. pratikuulatalaloo iravailalo unna mahilalu gruhanirmaanam mariyu pillala pempakamlo bijeegaa unnatlugaa chudatam mariyu vivakshaku daariteese talapaagaa dharinchadam anae islaamik sampradaayam unnaayi. prayojanaalalo rendava taram valasa mahilalu purushula kante takkuva vivakshanu pondadam, mariyu unnata vidyaavantulu kavadam vivaksha avakaasaalanu marinta taggistundi.
yuu loe.ess.linga bhavajalamlo maarpulu oka vyakti jeevitamlo tallidandrulugaa maaradam, udyogam pondadam mariyu itara mailuraalla vanti maarpulaku sambandhinchinavi. jaathi bhedaalu mariyu lingabhedaalu pani pradaesamloe chikitsanu nirnayistaayi; african american tallulu pedda kutumbaalato vivaham chesukunte vetanam jarimananu anubhavistaaru, ayithe tellajati mahilalu talli ayina tarvaata jarimana vidhistaaru. african american bhartalanu teevramaina aardhika pradaatalugaa chudaru, mariyu swethajaatheeyula tandrulu ayithe, tallidandrula kosam vaetana premiyamnu pondaru. prastuta, puurti samayam panichese mahilalu pani cheyani ledhaa paart time mahilala kante ekkuva samanatva linga bhavajaalaanni kaligi unnaaru. purushulu panini paatralanu andinchadaaniki anusandhaanistaaru mariyu avakaasaalu addaginchabadinappudu mariyu vaaru vijayanni punarnirvachinchadam neerchukunnappudu matrame marinta samanatva linga bhaavajaalaaniki maarutaaru; block cheyabadina avakaasaalu nallajaateeyulaku ekkuvagaa unnaayi.
lingam mariyu linga vargam.
west mariyu zimmerman tama paper "dooing gender" loe laingikataku eee nirvachananni istaruh "lingam anedi vyaktulanu streelu mariyu purushulugaa vargeekarinchadaaniki samajikamga angeekarinchabadina jeeva pramaanaalanu vartimpajeyadam dwara chesina nirnayam. vargeekaranaku pramaanaalu puttukatho jananendriyaalu ledhaa puttukaku mundu chromosome typing kaavacchu, mariyu avi okadaanitoe okati ekibhavinchavu. 1970la chivari varaku lingam mariyu lingam madhya vyatyaasam talettaledu, parisoedhakulu "lingam" mariyu "lingam" anae padaalanu rendu ververu padaalugaa upayoginchadam praarambhinchaaru, "lingam" anedi okari sweeya-gurtimpunu suuchistumdi mariyu "lingam" anedi okari chromosome alankarana mariyu laingika avayavalanu suuchistumdi. jananendri alankarana, chromosomelu ledhaa harmonela sthaayila kaaranamgaa eee vargaalaku sariponi prati okkarinee maga mariyu aada dwaipaakshikam vadilivestundi. anne fasto-sterling thana vyaasam "aidu lingaalu" loe intersex prajalu edurkontunna samasyalanu prastaavinchindi. kaneesam aidu lingaalu unnayani, conny bahusha anthakante ekkuva lingaalu unnayani aame perkondi; idhi prakrutilo sareeraalu kanipinche vistaaramaina margalapai aadharapadi untundi. sareeradharma shaastram mariyu shastrachikitsa saanketikatalo iteevali purogatulu ippudu vaidyulu puttinapudu chaalaa mandhi intersexualsnu pattukoovadaaniki veelu kalpistunnaayi" anie aame etthi chuupaaru.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru. sisuvulu harmonela mariyu shastrachikitsa nirvahana kaaryakramamloki pravesistaaru.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru."idhi sareeraalu jokyam lekunda prapanchamlo kanipinchataaniki anumatinchadaaniki badulugaa bainareeki teevramaina kattubadi undataanni highlight chestundi.
west mariyu zimmerman kooda linga vargaaniki oka nirvachananni istaruh "linga pramaanaala anuvartanam dwara saadhinchabadindi, conny rojuvaaree jeevitamlo, vargeekarana anedi okati ledhaa maroka vibhaagamlo okari sabhyatvaanni prakatinche samajikamga avasaramaina gurtimpu pradarsanala dwara sthaapinchabadindi mariyu konasaaginchabadutundi". laingikata yokka jeevasambandhamaina pramaanaalanu tappanisarigaa neraverchani saadhaaranamgaa gurtinchabadina suuchanala dwara laingika vargam rojuvaaree jeevitamlo oka vyaktiki vartinchabadutundi. venzlaf mariyu itarulu chesina vaerae adhyayanamlo.uttara americalo 40 mandhi paalgonevaarini nagna peddala yokka pranaalikaabaddhamaina rekhaachitraalu magava ledhaa adava anie adigaru. purushaangamtho sahaa chitraalaku purushula pratispandana ekkuvagaa undhi, mariyu yoni thoo sahaa chitraalaku marinta samanamga vibhajinchabadina pratispandana; droinglalo saaruupya mariyu asambaddhamaina jananendri mariyu dviteeya laingika lakshanaalu rendoo unnaayi, kabatti purushangam undatam anedi grahinchina lingaanni nirnayinche pradhana amsam.
linga paniteeru yokka anuvartanaalu.
linga pradarsana" anae padaanni modatisaarigaa american tatwavetta mariyu linga siddhaantakarta judit butler vaari 1990 pustakamlo roopondinchaaru. pustakamlo, butler lingam gurinchi paatha avagahanagaa vaaru bhaavinche vaatini vimarsinchadaaniki bayaludaeraadu. butler prakaram, eee paatha avagahana, lingaanni binaryga label chese aadhipatya saamaajika parimitulaku kattubadi undataanni parimitam chestondi. linga pariseelanaloo, butler oka suukshmamaina avagahananu parichayam chestaadu, dheenilo avi paniteeru mariyu lingam yokka bhaavanalanu ekam chestaayi. modati adhyaayamlo, butler lingam mariyu paniteeru anae padaala ekikarananu parichayam chestu, "lingam panitiirugaa rujuvu chestundi-antey, adhi uddesinchina gurtimpunu yerparustundi. eee konamlo, lingam anedi ellappuduu oka pani, ayithe oka vishayam dwara cheyabadadu, idhi oka pani mundugaane undani cheppavacchu ".
eee bhavananu demistify cheyadamlo, butler linga paniteeru mariyu linga paniteeru anae padaalaloo nijamgaa vyatyaasam undani spashtam cheyadaaniki bayaludaeraadu. 2011 interviewlo, butler eee vidhamgaa perkonnaduh
anduvalla, butler lingaanni aadhipatya saamaajika nibandhanalaku anugunamgaa unna charyala samiti dwara nirminchinatlu bhaavistaadu. ayithe, butler lingam anedi oka vyakti charyanu muginchagala oka vidhamaina paniteeru anie perkonaledu; badulugaa, butler perkontunnadi emitante, eee paniteeru konasaagutunnadi mariyu oka vyakti niyantranalo ledhu. nijaaniki, pradarsananu utpatti chese vyakti kante, dheeniki viruddhamgaa untundi. paniteeru anedi vyaktini utpatti chestundi. pratyaekamgaa, butler "cheyadam venuka 'undatam' ledhu" anae neetse vaadananu aamodapurvakamgaa utamkimchaaru.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru. 'chesevadu' anedi kevalam oka kalpana, idhi oka patraaniki jodinchabadindi-aaa patrame pratidee."anduvalla, patraanni utpatti chese vyaktiki praadhaanyata ivvabadadu, conny patraaniki matrame praadhaanyata ivvabadutundi.
butler yokka parikalpana prakaram, linga paniteeru yokka samajikamga nirminchina amsam bahusha dragg paniteerulo chaalaa spashtamgaa untundi, idhi linga paniteeruku praadhaanyata ivvadamlo linga binaryla gurinchi praathamika avagahananu andistundi. dragnu aatmaasraya ledhaa yeka gurtimpu yokka udaaharanagaa pariganinchalemani butler ardham chesukuntadu, ikkada "lingaaniki mundu unna 'okaru' unnaaru, lingam yokka wardrobeku vellae vyakti eee roeju yea lingam avtundo charchinchi nirnayistaadu". tatphalitamgaa, dragg anedi daani pradarsanakaarula uddesam yokka nijayiti vyakteekaranagaa pariganinchakudadu. badulugaa, butler suuchistuu, "saareeraka spashtata yokka domine lopala suuchika nundi nirodhinchabadina vaatini soochinchadam dwara matrame ardham chesukovacchu".
amelia johns eee linga veekshanha vidhanam drushti mariyu laingika fetishism siddhaantaalaku minchi velladaaniki oka marganni andinchindani pratipaadinchindi, idhi vidyaaparamaina streevaadamlo chaalaa praamukhyatanu pondindi, conny 1980la natiki johns mahilala saamaajika hodaanu ardham chesukovadaniki paatha paddhatulugaa bhaavinchaaru. purushula veekshanha aanandam kosam nirjeeva vastuvula kante moortha vastuvulatoe chitraalanu chattaluga pariganinchadaaniki kotta maargaalanu andistuu, lingaanni pradarsinchadaaniki paniteeru shakti oka chatramgaa chaalaa upayogakaramgaa untundani johns vishwasistaadu.
balyam mariyu chinnatanam.
linga paniteeru chuttoo unna aalochana, baalya mariyu chinnatanaaniki vartimpajesinappudu, okaru garbham daalchina kshanam nundi, vaadayogyamgaa antaku mundhe, vaaru evaru mariyu vaaru evaru avtaro mundugaa nirnayinchabadutundane aalochanatho vyavaharistundi. mana samaajamlo abbai ledhaa ammayiga undatam antey emito pillalu chaalaa chinna vayassulone neerchukuntaaru. vyaktulaku vaari lingam aadhaaramgaa purusha ledhaa stree paerlanu istaaru, oka nirdishta lingam upayoginchinappudu matrame taginavigaa bhaavinche rangulanu ketayistaru mariyu samaajamlo vaari saraina sthaanaalanu gurtinchadamlo sahayapade bommalanu kooda istaaru. barbara kerr mariyu curran multein prakaram, "chinna pillalu tama dustulu ledhaa bommale tamanu abbai ledhaa ammayiga chestayani bhaavinche dhorani" telusukuni chaalaa mandhi tallidandrulu ayomayaniki guravutaaru. tallidandrulu tama kumartenu pink rangutho samanvayam chese varaku velutunnaaru endukante adhi streelingam, ledhaa vaari kodukuku neelam endukante adhi purushamainadi. eee amsaalanu charchistuu, penelope ekert, "bhasha mariyu lingam" anae sheershikato thana vachanamlo ilaa perkondih "prajalu sisuvu gurinchi telusukovalanukune modati vishayam daani lingam, mariyu saamaajika sampradaayam adagavalasina avasaranni tagginchadaaniki asankhyaaka aadhaaraalanu andistundi". anduvalla, idhi samajam laingikatapaine kakunda, parokshamgaa alaa cheyakunda okari laingikata vaipu choopinche margalapai kooda unche praamukhyatanu mariyu praadhaanyatanu balopetam chestundi. vruddhaapyamlo samaajamlo tamanu taamu elaa pradarsinchukuntaaro telusukovadaaniki kooda okari puttukalo linga nirdhaarana chaalaa mukhyamani paerkontuu ekert dheenini marinta munduku saaginchaaru, endukante "linga nirdhaarana anedi jeevitakaala linga prakriyaku vedikanu nirdesistundi". ekert yokka prakatana lingam panitiirugaa undataanni judit butler drukpathaanni suuchistumdi. butler maadirigaane, ekert lingam anedi maarchaleni antargata vaastavikata kaadani suuchistoemdi. ekert badulugaa perkontunnadi emitante, janabhalo ekkuva mandhi teliyakundaane balopetam chestaarane saadhaarana apoha, idhi baalyamlone daani aavirbhavaanni chustundi.
vimarsanaatmakamgaa vichitramaina" mariyu "vichaarakaramaina lingam" rendintiloonuu butler suuchistuu, swalinga tallidandrulanu kolpoyinanduku badhapade pillala/vyakti yokka saamarthyam oka aacharaneeyamaina prema vastuvugaa nishedhinchabadindi. sigmund frayid yokka vicharam yokka bhavananu anusarinchi, atuvanti tiraskarana anedi preminchaleni marokaritho adhika gurtimpuku daariteestundi, phalitamgaa linga pradarsanalu untaayi, ivi aaa vishayam taruvaata gurtinchaleni ledhaa dukkinchaleni kolpoyina premanu antargatamgaa srushtistaayi. butler vivaristuu, "purushulanu premaku avakaasam anie dukkinchadaaniki niraakarinchadam dwara purusha lingam erpadutundi; streelingam premaku saadhyamayye vastuvugaa minahaayinchabadina fontasy dwara streelinga lingam erpadutundi (teesukobadindi, oohinchabadindi), minahaayimpu eppuduu dukkinchaledu, conny streelinga gurtimpunu penchadam dwara 'samrakshinchabadindi'.
yuktavayassu.
okari teanage samvatsaraalu saanghikeekarana jarige pradhana samayam, alaage samaajamlo tamanu taamu elaa pradarsinchaalo chaalaa aandolana kaliginche samayam. tarachugaa, vaari linga paniteerunu praaveenyam pondhe saamarthyam vaarini vijayavantamainavi, anduvalla saadhaaranamainavi ledhaa viphalamainavi, anduvalla vintagaa mariyu anarhatagaa perkone samayam idhi. pradarsana entha vijayavantamaindo pradarsinche moolaalalo okati patrikalu, mukhyamgaa yuvatulanu lakshyamgaa chesukunna patrikalu. ekert prakaram, "memu teenagerlugaa unnappudu, teanage myagajainlu abbaayilatoe elaa sambhaashinchaalo baalikalaku chebutaayi.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru."anie paerkonnaaru. idhi lingam anedi manaku bodhinchabade vishayam mariyu samajam yokka anchanaala dwara nirantaram roopudiddukuntundane vaastavaanni nokki cheppadame kakunda, linga dwaipaakshikamlo aadarsha bhagaswamuluga undataaniki vyaktulu upachaetanamgaa sikshana pondutunna margalalo okadaanni kooda suuchistumdi. aaa vidhamgaa lingam anedi mana gurinchi vaastavam kaadani, conny manaku neerpinchabadeedi mariyu nirantaram balopetam cheyabadutunnadi anae butler avagahanaku tirigi coll chestundi. lingam nirantaram anchanaala dwara roopudiddukuntundi anae eee aalochana online samaajamlo sambandhitamgaa undhi. teenagerlu aanlainlo sambandhaalu mariyu snehaalanu sulabhamgaa roopondinchagalugutaaru, tadwara teenager yokka sunnitamaina gurtimpu taarumaaru cheyabadi, vakreekarinchabade sambhaavyata perugutundi. teenagerlu tarachugaa nija jeevitamlo mariyu aanlainlo paristhitulanu edurkontaaru, idhi linga panitiirutoe sahaa samajanni edurkonnappudu tamanu taamu prasninchukunelaa chestundi.
vichitramaina gurtimpu.
batlerian namuunaa linga paniteerupai oka vichitramaina drukpathaanni andistundi mariyu samajikamga nirminchina linga paatralu mariyu tappanisari binna linga samparkam madhya saadhyamayye vibajananu anveshistundi. eee namuunaa lingam yokka aadhipatya vislaeshanhaatmaka chatram nundi vaerugaa untundi, idhi chaalaa mandhi bhinnamainadani cheppukuntaaru, idhi kweer natulu lingam yokka saampradaaya nirmaanaanni samasyaatmakamgaa chese maargaalato pootiipadataaru. paaschaatya saahityamlo unnatlugaa, mukhyamgaa mahilaa rachayitalu, vaari lingam mariyu vaari laingikata madhya unna sambandham vanti homoerotic upasheershikanu bhavana cheyadaaniki butler vishaadam yokka manasika vislaeshanhaatmaka padaanni sweekaristaadu. vicharam anedi santaapamtho vyavaharistundi, conny swalinga samparka jantalaku idhi kevalam sambandham yokka maranaaniki santaapam matrame kaadu, badulugaa idhi sambandhaanni samajikamga tiraskarinchadam mariyu santaapam chendhe saamarthyam, tadwara eee bhavalanu anachiveyadaaniki daariteestundi. eee aalochana sahayaka sankshobham samayamlo charya vanti raajakeeya samuuhaalu nirvahinche kriyaaseelataloo pratibimbistumdi. eee kriyaaseelataloo palgonna praanaalatoe bayatapadina vaarilo chaalaa mandhi swalinga samparkulu, vaaru eee vyaadhitho tama bhaagaswaamulanu kolpoyaru. praanaalatoe bayatapadina vaaru tama dustulanu kalapadam dwara, tama aastulanu tirigi uddesinchadam dwara, akaala santaapam kosam tama sonta sariiraalanu pradarsinchadam dwara mrutulanu smarinchukunnaaru. eee nirasanalannee vaati gaduvu mugisina tarvaata vaatilo kontha bhaagam prapanchamlo migilipothayane sandesaanni istayi.
kweer vaiphalyam anedi kweer siddhaantamlo oka bhavana, idhi lingaanni kooda prasninchutundi, endukante idhi kweer kalanu mariyu elgibiticue + vyaktula sariiraalanu vaari paatra yokka "vaiphalyam" gaa tallidandrula vyakti gurtinchagala lens dwara pariseelistundi. eee sandarbhaalanu naitika ledhaa manasika vaiphalyaluga gurtinche badulu, eee bhavana vaatini oka vyakti yokka laingikata mariyu vaari lingam madhya sangharshana phalitamgaa roopondistundi.
raajakeeya saamarthyam mariyu parimitulu.
butler "[t] dragg yokka klishtamaina vaagdaanaaniki lingaala vistaranatoe sambandham ledhu" anie suuchimchaadu.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru. conny binna linga paalanalu tama sonta aadarsaalanu puurtigaa chattabaddham cheyadamlo ledhaa kaligi undatamlo viphalamavadam bahirgatam kaavadamtho, "ayithe ituvanti vyaakhyalu binna linga palanala asamarthathalanu elaa spashtamgaa bahirgatam cheyavacho soochinchadamlo viphalamavutaayi. 
butler prakaram, linga paniteeru vidhvamsakamainadi matrame endukante idhi "ganananu nirodhinche prabhavam", antey suuchika gunakam, vishayam daanini niyantrinchalekapovadam, kabatti vidhvamsakam ellappuduu sambhavistundi mariyu ellappuduu anoohyamgaa untundi. linga pradarsanala raajakeeya saamarthyaanni, gatamlooni ilanti charyala ullanghana saamarthyaanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki, vaati ullanghana saamarthyaanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki, ilanti sandarbhaalalo vaati raajakeeya saamarthyaanni anchanaa veyavachani moya lloyd suchistunnaruhu "anni (ledhaa chaalaa) prakatanalu ledhaa kaaryakalaapaalaku lekkinchaleni prabhavalu unnayani manam angeekarinchinappatiki, lekkinchadagina prabhavalu levani manam angeekarinchaalsina avasaram ledani dheeni ardham kaadu."dheeniki viruddhamgaa, rosalin deprose linga paniteeru yokka raajakeeya paridhi gurinchi thana avagahanaku kathinamaina foucaldian vivarananu istundi, endukante okari gurtimpu itarula havabhavala dwara sweeya dandayaatrapai nirminchabadindi, itarulu, itarulanu soochinchadam dwara, appatike saamaajika jeevulu". deprose anedi vyakti yokka sankalpam mariyu vyaktigata paniteeru ellappuduu maroka (ledhaa itarula) aadhipatya upanyaasaaniki lobadi untundani suuchistumdi, tadwara paniteeru yokka atikramana saamarthyaanni maroka aadhipatya upanyaasam yokka saasanaaniki parimitam chestundi.
martha nasbaum butler yokka linga paniteeru yokka bhaavanalanu vaastava prapancha aandolanalato nimagnam kavadam nundi tappudaari pattinche tirogamanamgaa vimarsinchaaruh
jeevitamu andinche pratighatanaku eee "yathaathatha sthithi" yokka eee mosapurita pampakam matrame script anie butler thana paatakulaku suuchistumdi.anie paerkonnaaru.anie paerkonnaaru.] paatha streevaadam kante batlerian streevaadam aneka vidhaluga sulabham. chattanni maarchadaaniki, ledhaa aakalitho unnavaariki aaharam ivvadaaniki ledhaa bhouthika raajakeeyaalaku upayoginche siddhaantam dwara adhikaranni aakraminchadaaniki vaaru krushi cheyavalasina avasaram ledani idhi aneka mandhi pratibhaavantulaina yuvatulaku chebutundi. vaaru tama campaslalo bhadratatho rajakeeyaalu cheyavachu, sanketha sthaayilo undi, prasangam mariyu sangnala dwara adhikaranni dhvamsam chese havabhavalu cheyavachu. idhi, siddhaantam chebutundi, emainappatiki, raajakeeya charya dwara manaku andubaatulo unnadantaa, mariyu idhi uttejakaramainadi mariyu sexy kaadaa?
abhivruddhi samayamlo.
chaalaa samajalalo linga lakshanaalu balamgaa untaayi mariyu chaalaa mandiki sweeya-nirvachanamlo idhi oka mukhyamaina amsam. linga abhivruddhini prabhaavitam chese saamaajika prabhavalanu vislaeshimchadaaniki oka maargam saamaajika abhignaa siddhaantam yokka drukpatham dwara. kae bassie prakaram, saamaajika abhignaa siddhaantam "jeevitakaalamlo linga bhavanalu elaa abhivruddhi chendutaayi mariyu roopaantaram chendutaayi" anie vivaristundi. saamaajika abhignaa siddhaantam linga paatralanu okari jeevitakaalamantaa pondina samajikamga nirminchina aalochanalugaa bhaavistundi. eee linga paatralu "saanghikeekarana dwara padepade balopetam cheyabadataayi". manam puttina kshanam" nundi eee linga paatralu manalo ponduparachabaddaayani hockman dhruvikaristaadu. vyaktiki, linga nirmaanam puttinapudu jeeva jananendri aadhaaramgaa linga vargaaniki ketayinpulato praarambhamavutundi. eee laingika niyamakam taruvaata, tallidandrulu eee jeeva varganni spashtamgaa pradarsinche vidhamgaa pillalaku dustulu dharinchadam dwara linga gurtimpunu prabhaavitam cheyadam praarambhistaaru. anduvalla, jeevasambandhamaina laingikata anedi paeru pettadam, dustulu dharinchadam mariyu itara linga gurtula vadakam dwara lingamtho mudipadi untundi. itarula drukpathaalu, vidya samsthalu, tallidandrula samrakshana, media modalaina vaati dwara linga abhivruddhi prabhaavitam avtoone undhi. saamaajika paraspara charyala yokka eee vaividhyaalu vyaktulanu "emi aasinchaalo telusukovadaaniki, emi aasinchaalo chuudataaniki, oohinchina margallo charya teesukoovadaaniki mariyu pratispandinchadaaniki, tadwara ekakaalamlo linga kramaanni nirminchadaaniki mariyu nirvahinchadaaniki" balavantam chestaayi.
linga aadhaarita vaedhimpulu.
oka vyakti jeevitamlooni vidya samvatsaraallo linga aadhaarita vaedhimpulu jaragadam chaalaa saadhaaranam. idhi linga sarihaddu policing yokka oka roopamgaa panichestundi. streelugaa gurtinche vyaktulu, alaage magavaarani gurtinche vyaktulu kooda, gataanugatika linga roopaaniki anugunamgaa undaalani bhaavistunnaaru. bedirimpu dwara vidyaarthulu kramam tappakunda linga sarihaddulanu niyantrinchadamlo palgontaru. maga vidyaarthulu tarachugaa maga mariyu aada vidyaarthulanu vaedhistumdagaa, aada vidyaarthulu saadhaaranamgaa itara aada vidyaarthulanu matrame vaedhistaaru. maga vidyaarthulu itara maga vidyaarthulanu bedirinche abhyasam spashtamgaa purushatvamtho mudipadi undhi, idhi 'saadhaarana' abbayilagaa nirminchabadataaniki mariyu sambandham kaligi undataaniki abbayilu sabhyatvaanni pondaalani bhaavinche bhavana. chaalaa mandhi ammayilu abbayilu vaari roopaanni batti vaarini aatapattistunnarani, egataali chestunnarani nivedistunnaru, idhi abbayilu ammayilanu avamaaninche laingika paddhatula dwara purusha saktini nokki cheppadamtho mudipadi undhi. idhi roopaanni streeki atyanta mukhyamaina aasti anae aalochananu saasvatam cheyadaaniki kooda upayogapadutundi. vaari adhyayanamlo, "thoti baadhitula yokka sahasambandhaalu mariyu parinaamaalu bedirimpu yokka pratyaksha mariyu paroksha roopaalalo linga thedaalu", lopez, esbensen & itukalu "abbayilu bedirimpu yokka pratyaksha ledhaa saareeraka roopaalanu anubhavinche avakaasam ekkuvagaa undhi mariyu ammayilu vedhimpulaku gurayye ledhaa saradaagaa matlade avakaasam ekkuvagaa undhi" anie paerkonnaaru."dheenini streelu saadhaaranamgaa itara streelanu manasika, bhavodvega mariyu manasika himsalo ekkuvagaa vaedhistumdagaa, purushulu saareeraka mariyu dookudugaa vyavaharistaaru anie ardham chesukovacchu. ammayilalo pratyaekamaina roopaalu mariyu pratyaekamgaa nilabade prayatnaalu chaalaa pratikuulamgaa pariganinchabadataayi. stree bedirimpulapai eee rakamaina stree roopampai pramaanaalaku pramaanaalanu mariyu streelaku aaa roopaaniki sambandhinchina saamaajika anchanaalaku anugunamgaa undatam yokka praamukhyatanu nirdesistundi. mottammeeda, linga aadhaarita vaedhimpulu vidyaarthula linga sarihaddulanu nirvachinchadaaniki mariyu amalu cheyadaaniki upayogapadataayi.
yuktavayassu yokka kaumara drukpatham.
lingam anedi oka saamskrutika nirmaanam, idhi unnata paatasaalalo koumaaradasalo vaari paniteeru vaari jeevita lakshyalu mariyu anchanaalaku sambandhinchina vaataavaranaanni srushtistundi. kontamandi yuvatulu taamu tallulu mariyu bharyalu kaavaalani korukuntunnatlu nammutaaru kabatti, vruttula empika mariyu bhavishyat lakshyalu linga parimitula valla sahajamgaa lopabhooyishtamgaa undavacchu. oka ammai taruvaata talli kavalanukovacchu kabatti, unnata paatasaalalo aame vidyaavaettalu spashtamaina linga vyatyaasaalanu srushtinchagalaru endukante "adhika vruttiparamaina anchanaalu, vidya anchanaalu mariyu vidya taragatulu abbayila kante ammayilaku aasinchina parenthood vayassutho marinta balamgaa mudipadi unnaayi". yuvatulu pani mariyu kutumbam yokka demandla madhya sambhaavya vibhedaalanu gurtinchadam" thoo, vaaru unnata paatasaalalo purushulanu unnata vidya sadhana saadhinchadaaniki anumatinchadaaniki, baalikalanu anumatinchadaaniki antagaa prayatnincharu. dhi life course inn dhi making gender und dhi development off teanage", "bhavishyat paatra parivartanala anchanaa samayaallo linga thedaalu, eee anchanaa samayaalapai anchanaalu mariyu viluvala prabhavam mariyu vaastava pravartananu anchanaalu enthavaraku mundhe chuuputaayi anevi vaari vyaasamlo cracket mariyu beal. unnata paatasaalalo oka yuvakudi charyalu aaa vyakti jeevitakaalamlo kaligi unde empikalanu baga prabhaavitam chestaayi. mukhyamgaa mahilalu tama yuktavayassunu chinna vayassulo kooda talli kavadam valla chuse vidhaanamlo parimitulu kaligi untaaru.
purushatvam yokka saamaajika anchanaala kaaranamgaa purushulu kooda linga nirmaanaaniki lobadi undavacchu. jaak halberstam (judit anae paerutoe) prakaram, prajalu purushatvaanni "purushatvam mariyu aadhipatyaaniki adhikaram" thoo sambandham kaligi untaaru, idhi pitruswamya phalitamgaa vachindani ayana nammutaaru. american journal off public health" loe prachurinchabadina 2015 adhyayanamlo, purushula jaathi ledhaa jaatini batti linga nirmaanam maarutundani parisoedhakulu paerkonnaaru mariyu tellajati purushulaku "vidya, upaadhi mariyu saamaajika aardhika sthithiki" praadhaanyata undani paerkonnaaru, ayithe nallajati purushula anchanaalu "laingika parakramam, saareeraka aadhipatyam mariyu aatatiiru" paie drushti saarinchaayi. eee anchanaalu purushulaku vimarsalanu sweekarinchakundaa mariyu purushula kante takkuva bhavinchabadakunda bhavodvegalanu pradarsinchadam kashtataram chestaayi.
yuktavayassu gurinchi koumaaradasalo unnavaari drukpatham kooda unnata paatasaalalo vaari upaadhi dwara nirnayinchabadutundi. chaalaa mandhi abbayilu unnata paatasaalalo panicheestaaru mariyu "yuvatula maadirigaa kakunda, unnata paatasaalalo pani cheyani yuvakulu tama thotivaaritho saripolaledu". chaalaa mandhi itara abbayilu pani chestunnanduna, pani cheyani vaaru graduation tarvaata antagaa vijayavantam kakapovachhu. working und groing up inn america" anae pustakamlo, jayalan tii. mortimer vivaristuu "unnata paatasaalalo panichese yuvata, mariyu pani cheyadaaniki ekkuva gantalu ketayinche vaaru, unnata paatasaalanu vidichipettina tarvaata marinta vruttiparamgaa vijayavantamavutaaru". idhi oka pratyaekamaina linga vyatyaasaanni srushtistundi, dheenilo unnata paatasaalalo panichesina mahilala kante unnata paatasaala tarvaata purushulu udyogam pondhe avakaasam ekkuvagaa untundi. antey mahilalu unnata paatasaalalo pani cheyakapothe mariyu paatasaala panulapai drushti pettakapothe vidyaaparamaina prayojanam pondavacchu.
depression.
vidyaavishayaka mariyu saamaajika preranalu koumaaradasalo unnavaari anchanaalanu penchadamtho unnata paatasaala marinta adhika-ottidi vatavaranamga maarutondi. unnata paatasaala anedi teenagerlu "eee vividha parivartanalanu vividha margallo edurkovadaniki kaaranamayye oka pedda parivartana kaalam; kondaru bhaagaalanu sulabhamgaa charchistaaru, marikondaru teevramaina pravartanaa mariyu manasika samasyalanu abhivruddhi chestaaru". eee manasika samasyalalo okati depression. unnata paatasaala vaataavaranam ottiditoe kuudina jeevasambandhamaina vidhulu kooda manasika sreyassu anae pedda paatranu poeshistaayi. yuktavayassu samayamlo perige adhe harmonelu kooda niraasa mariyu dookudu dhoranulaku sambandhinchinavi" anie "yuktavayassu samayam, niraasa mariyu bahya samasyalu" anae tama vyaasamlo negriff mariyu susman vivaristunnaaru. testosterone adhika sthaayilu abbayilu mariyu ammayilalo perigina dookudu thoo mudipadi untaayi, ayithe ammayilalo adhika eastrogen perigina nispruha lakshanaalatoo mudipadi untundi. gamaninchina linga bhedaalu kevalam saamskrutika anchanaala valla kakapovachhu, conny vyaktulu janminchina lingam yokka jeevasambandhamaina paniteeru valla kaavacchu. unnata paatasaala vidyaarthulaloo aatmagouravam kooda niraasatoe mudipadi undhi. 1980loe james battle chesina oka adhyayanamlo 26 yella vidyaarthi vayassu galavaaru 15-18 niraasa mariyu aatmagouravam madhya paraspara sambandhaanni chuupimchaaru. 80laloe, parisoedhana gatha peddalanu chudaledu mariyu aatmagouravam mariyu niraasa madhya pratyaksha sambandhaanni choopinchina yuddha parisoedhana eee rakamaina modatidi. aatmagouravam anedi mana jeevasaastram yokka utpatti kaadu, conny saamskrutikamgaa nirminchabadindi. unnata paatasaalalo unna baalikalu kooda shareera chitram kaaranamgaa takkuva aatmagouravam kaligi untaaru. niraasa mariyu aatmagouravam chaalaa daggari sambandham kaligi undatam valla vyaadhi vachhe avakaasam rajipade vidya anubhavaniki daariteeyavachchu. maandyam anedi verucheyadam kaavacchu, saraina vidyaavaettalu mariyu saamaajika maddatu lekunda, unnata paatasaala savaluga untundi. koumaaradasalo aatmagourava samasyalatho paatu, idhi unnata paatasaalalo baalikala vidya mariyu saamaajika jeevitaanni pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitam chestundi.
shareera chitram.
laingikata, media, tallidandrula sambandham mariyu yuktavayassu, alaage baruvu mariyu prajaadaranhatho sahaa" shareera imagenu prabhaavitam chese aneka vibhina amsaalu unnaayi. eee kaarakaala yokka paraspara vibhajana koumaaradasalo vaari jeevitaallo eee kaalamlo vyaktigata anubhavaalaku kaaranamavutundi. vaari sareeram maarutunna koddi, vaaru nivasinche vaataavaranam kooda maarutundi. shareera chitram koumaaradasalo manasika shreyassutho daggari sambandham kaligi untundi mariyu pillala shareera asantrupti unnappudu haanikaramaina prabhavalanu kaligistundi. koumaaradasalo shareera chitram mariyu manasika sreyassu lingam mariyu paatasaala rakam madhya sambandham" anae vyaasamlo, helen winfield, koumaaradasalo unna vaari unnata paatasaala anubhavam vaari grahinchina shareera chithramtho daggari sambandham kaligi undani vivarinchaadu. aame 336 mandhi teenagerlapy vislaeshanha chesi, "saareeraka aakarshana mariyu shareera chitram yokka ratings prarambha teanage samvatsaraallo saapekshamgaa sthiramgaa untaayi, conny yuktavayassu maarpula kaaranamgaa vayassu 15-18 samvatsaraalalo pratikuulamgaa marutayi". unnata paatasaala samvatsaraallo eee maarpu koumaaradasalo teevramaina manasika samasyalanu kaliginchavacchu. eee manasika samasyalu teevramaina jeevitakaala samasyalanu kaliginche aahara rugmatalaku daariteestaayi. eee phalitaala kaaranamgaa, eee shareera chitra samasyalu mukhyamgaa baalikalalo prabalamgaa unnayani choopabadindi, ayithe abbayilu yuktavayassuloki pravesinchinappudu, etthu mariyu kandara dravyarashi yokka anchanaalu kooda marutayi. geophrey hetch. kohane, haarisan zii. pope juuniyar. vaari vyaasam, "baaluralo shareera chitramh saahityam yokka sameeksha" loe, "ammayilu saadhaaranamgaa sannaga undaalani korukuntaru, abbayilu tarachugaa peddavaaru kaavaalani korukuntaru" anie paerkonnaaru. shareera chithramloni linga vyatyaasam vividha soundarya aadarsaalaku kaaranamavutundani eee ganaamkaalu chuupistunnaayi. lingam anedi koumaaradasalo unnavaari shareera imagenu mariyu vaari unnata paatasaala anubhavanni prabhaavitam chese prabhavanni kaligi untundi.
vidya.
pillalu paatasaalalo gadipe samayam kaaranamgaa, "linga saanghikeekaranhatho sahaa pillala vidya anubhavaala yokka aneka amsaalaku upaadhyaayulu prabhaavavantamaina roll models". purushulu mariyu mahilala madhya pratibhanu pampinhee cheyadaaniki sambandhinchi saamskrutikamgaa aadhipatyam chelaayinche linga-paatra moosa dhoranini aamodinche upaadhyaayulu, ganitamlo vaari vidyaarthula ganita saamarthyaalu mariyu krushi vanarula gurinchi vaari avagahananu vakreekaristaaru, idhi vaari linga-paatra moosa dhoraniki anugunamgaa untundi mariyu moosa dhoranini aamodinchani upaadhyaayula kante ekkuva sthaayilo untundi.
american psychological association" 1994 nivedika prakaram, [m] mahilalu mariyu purushula madhya mottam skoru thedaalu undakunda undataaniki medhassu yokka praamaanika pareekshalu nirminchabaddaayi."ayithe, ganitam mariyu moukhika kolatalu vanti nirdishta rangaalalo thedaalu kanugonabaddayi. ganita saastramlo kooda, jeevasambandhamaina thedaalu, upaadhyaayula moosapothala pradarsana mariyu vyaktigata vidyaarthula madhya enchukunna courselo vyatyaasam phalitamgaa unnata paatasaalalo chivari varaku lingam phalitamgaa paniteerulo gananeeyamaina thedaalu sambhavinchavani gamaninchabadindi. sagatuna, abbayilu mariyu ammayilu ganitamlo oke vidhamgaa pradarsistundagaa, abbayilu chaalaa uttama pradarsanakaarulalo mariyu chaalaa chettagaa praatinidhyam vahistaaru. konni rakaala bodhanalu (rojuvaaree jeevitaanni pratibimbimchae prayogaalu vantivi), baalikala kosam panichesinappudu, avi saadhaaranamgaa abbayila kosam kooda panicheestaayani upaadhyaayulu kanugonnaru.
ganita paniteerulo chinna vidyaarthulaloo takkuva vyatyaasam kanugonabadinappatiki, fennema mariyu itarulache 1-3va taragati vidyaarthulanu adhyayanam chesaaru. samasya parishkara viewhalalo gananeeyamaina thedaalu kanugonabaddaayani, abbayila kante ammayilu ekkuva praamaanika algorithamlanu upayoginche dhoranini kaligi unnaarani paerkonnaaru. ganitam mariyu lingam gurinchi upaadhyaayula moosaposina nammakaala valla, alaage "pillala muusapooyina nammakalu vyuuhaatmaka viniyogaanni prabhaavitam cheyadaaniki mariyu tadwara eee taragati gadulalo avagahana abhivruddhini" anumatinchadaaniki adhyayanam yokka roopakalpana kaaranamgaa idhi undavacchani vaaru suuchistunnaaru. illinais state universitylo nirvahinchina oka adhyayanam mugguru moodava taragati upaadhyaayula bodhanaa paddhatulapai linga moosapothala prabhavalanu pariseelinchindi, "[upaadhyaayulu] linga tatasthatanu paerkonnaaru, ayinappatikee vaaru adhyayanam samayamlo linga vyatyaasam gurinchi aneka nammakalanu vyaktam chesaaru", antey abbayilanu (conny ammayilu kaadu) vaari chetini paiki ettakunda prasnalaku samadhanam ivvadaaniki anumatinchadam ledhaa saampradaayetara paatralalo mahilalanu prothsahinche pathana empikalanu andinchadam, conny purushulaku adhe vidhamgaa cheyakapovadam vantivi.
mottammeeda, lingam nundi utpannamayye vidyaarthi paniteerulo thedaalu jaathi ledhaa saamaajika aardhika taragati vanti itara janabha vyatyaasaala kante takkuvagaa untaayi. 1992 nep 12va taragati sains pareekshala phalitaalu, 500-paayintla sthaayilo, tellajati mariyu african american vidyaarthula madhya skorla thedaalu sumaru 48 paayintlu undagaa, maga mariyu aada vidyaarthula madhya thedaalu sumaru 11 paayintlu unnayani chuupistunnaayi.
media.
saamaajika linga nirmaanam (pratyaekamgaa yuva prekshakula kosam) kooda media dwara prabhaavitamavutundi. 21va sataabdamloo, abhivruddhi chendina deshaalalo aadhunika saanketikata samruddhiga undhi. 2018loe, sumaru 42 saatam mandhi yuvakulu mariyu teanage yuvakulu tama phonela daggara lenappudu aandolana bhavalanu anubhavistaaru. pratiroojuu sagatuna 6.5 gantalu media kosam gadipe teanage yuvakulu perugutunnaaru. eee dayta teenager vyaktitvam entha media meeda aadharapadi undho pratibimbistumdi. linga nirmaanaanni prabhaavitam chese maadhyamaalanu prakatanalu, soshal networking, myagajainlu, television, sangeetam mariyu music veediyolalo chudavachu.
eee vedikalu abhivruddhi chendutunna maanavulu tamanu mariyu vaari chuttoo unnavaarini elaa chustaro prabhaavitam chestaayi. saanukuula mariyu pratikuula madhyamalu rendoo unnaayi mariyu prati rakanni bhinnamgaa grahinchavacchu. media tarachugaa purushulu mariyu mahilalanu oka moosa paddhatiloo chitreekaristundi, idhi samaajaaniki vaari "aadarsavantamaina image" nuu pratibimbistumdi. eee chitraalu tarachugaa chaalaa mandhi abhivruddhi chendutunna teenagerla kosam teevramaina nireekshanhagaa panicheestaayi.
purushulu saadhaaranamgaa drudhamgaa, saktivantamgaa mariyu balamgaa chitreekarinchabaddaaru. mukhyamgaa televisionlo, purushulu saadhaaranamgaa bhavodvega rahitamgaa mariyu viviktamgaa unnatlu chuuputaaru. mahilalanu tarachugaa dheeniki viruddhamgaa chithreekaristaaru. linga paatralu saadhaaranamgaa purushula kante medialo mahilalaku ekkuvagaa amalu cheyabadataayi. mahilalu saadhaaranamgaa intiki vennemukagaa, samrakshakudigaa mariyu intlone unna tallulugaa praatinidhyam vahistaaru. medialo mahilalaku tarachugaa balaheenamaina, aadhaarapadina, nishkriyaatmaka vyaktitvaalu ivvabadataayi. media uniki tarachugaa purushulu shraddha vahinchadaaniki anumatinchabadadani mariyu mahilalu balamgaa mariyu demandga undataaniki anumatinchabadadani chebutundi. media nundi vachhe eee linga prabhavalu perugutunna pillalanu ledhaa yuktavayaskulanu tappudova pattinchagalavu, endukante vaaru saamaajika vaataavaranamloo tama gurtimpulanu mariyu lingaalanu nirminchukovadaaniki prayatnistunnappatiki, vaaru pakshapaata prabhaavaalato chuttumuttabadi untaaru.
internet offline samajam yokka viluvalanu pratibimbistumdi, mariyu aanlainlo chesina jokulu aaa jokulalo pratibimbimchae viluvalu mariyu abhipraayaalanu, avi haasyamlo kuurukupooyinappatikii, velladistaayi. sexist aalochanalanu 'jokulu' gaa maarchadaaniki, sexist linga muusapoetalanu balopetam cheyadaaniki, mahilalapai bedirimpulu cheyadaaniki mariyu transgender vyaktulanu egataali cheyadaaniki meams upayoginchabadataayi. veetilo chaalaa abhiprayalu, vaati gurinchi prasninchinappudu ledhaa aandolanalu levanettinappudu, adhi kevalam oka joke ledhaa meam anie cheppi daachabadataayi. edemaina, streevaada mariyu transgender pradaesaalaloo meams mariyu internet communitylu kooda chaalaa saadhaaranam, ikkada lingam gurinchi jokulu dayagalavi mariyu daani velupala kakunda samajam lopala nundi vastaayi.
parisoedhana paddhatulu.
saamaajika nirmaanavaada aacharanalo sammilitata mariyu angeekaaram mukhyamaina paatra poeshistaayi-udaaharanalalo, vibhina namuunaalatoe sahaa, itarulatoe sahakaara paddhatiloo panini panchukovadam, dayta yokka itara vivaranalaku teravadam mariyu shaastreeya parisoedhana, bhaagaswaamya parisoedhana mariyu saamaajika kriyaaseelata madhya sarihaddulanu aspashtam cheyadam vantivi unnaayi. shaastreeya parisoedhana yokka aspashtata antey itara vibhaagaalanu manasika paniloo cherchadam (udhaa.zii. pradarsanaatmaka manastatvasaastramlo kalaatmaka vyakteekarana ledhaa haasyam) mariyu saampradaaya shaastreeya bhashaku minchina paramgaa aalochinchadam untaayi. eee paddhatulu prastutam manastatvasaastramlo viluvainavi kaavu endukante vaatini saastriiyamgaa chudaru.
oka saamaajika nirmaanavetta manastatvavetta chaaritraka kalalalo anni sandarbhaallo athani ledhaa aame drukpatham vishwavyaaptamgaa nijam kaadani spashtam cheyavachu. prati parisoedhakudiki oka abhiprayam undani, edho oka vidhamgaa pakshapaatam undani saamaajika nirmaanavettalu gurtistaaru. oka adhyayanam yokka tama sonta abhiprayalu mariyu phalitaalu/phalitaalu punarnirmaana vimarsalaku siddhamgaa unnayani vaaru angeekaristaaru-pratidee sandarbha-nirdishtamainadi mariyu kaala vyavadhulu mariyu vibhina paristhitulalo maare avakaasam unnanduna goppa satyaanni kanugonalemu. dheeniki sambandhinchinadi emitante, saamaajika nirmaanakartalu tama panini nirantaram prasninchaali, endukante vaari panini nirantaram tirigi ardham chesukovacchu mariyu ververu samayaallo ververu ardhaalanu kaligi undavacchu.
saamaajika nirmaanavettalu linga vairudhyam enthagaa paatukupoyindo, daani dwara parisoedhana phalitaalu prabhaavitam kakunda undatam asadhyam anie vaadistaaru. purushulu mariyu mahilala madhya swaabhaavika thedaalu unnayani prajalu tarachugaa nammutaaru, ivi adhyayanalu mariyu vaari phalitaalanu rendintinee vakreekaristaayi. antey, parisoedhanaa prasnalu lingaala madhya vyatyaasaanni kanugone margallo roopondinchabadataayi, tadwara vaati paddhatulu kooda eee framework dwara parimitam cheyabadataayi. antekakunda, adhyayana vaastava phalitam, vaadanalu sandehaaspadamainavi ledhaa atyuttamam ayinappatikee, avi linga upanyaasa kathanaaniki maddatu isthe mariyu tarachugaa udaharinchi charchinchinatlayithe tarachugaa vastavalaga angeekarinchabadataayi. eee drugvishayaanni "haall off mirrors" prabhavam anie pilustaaru.
linga nirmaanaaniki sambandhinchi saamaajika prakriyanu puurtigaa mariyu khachitamgaa namodu cheyadaaniki, ethnographic mariyu langitudinal adhyayanalu anuvainavi. ayithe, eee paddhatulaku vaati parimitulu unnaayi. gananeeyamaina phalitaalanu ichhe ituvanti adhyayanalanu nirvahinchadam khareedainadi mariyu samayam teesukuntundi, mariyu oka vyakti yokka linga nirmaanaanni prabhaavitam chese amsaalu samruddhiga unnaayi. anduvalla, lingam yokka saamaajika nirmaanaaniki sambandhinchi marinta parisoedhana avasaram.
parisoedhana gunaatmakamgaa ledhaa parimanatmakamga undavacchu. gunaatmaka samacharam prayojanakaramgaa untundi endukante idhi adhyayanamloni vishayaalaku oka swaraanni ivvagaladu. ayithe, paelavamgaa nirminchina gunaatmaka parisoedhana anedi phalitaalanu anuchitamgaa saadhaaraneekarinchinatlayite jaathi mariyu taragati pakshapaataala punarutpattiki daariteestundi. udaaharanaku, gunaatmaka parisoedhana paddhatulu tarachugaa chinna, sajatiya namuunaalanu kaligi untaayi. anduvalla, oka nirdishta samuuhampai nirvahinchina adhyayanam yokka phalitaalanu saadhaaraneekarinchadam mariyu aaa lingaaniki chendina prajalandarikee vaatini vartimpajeyadam sarikaadu.
vidhaanaparamaina samasyalanu parishkarinchadam vanti kathinamaina dayta avasaramainappudu, vishayaala gurinchi teliyani vyaktulanu oppinchadaaniki kathinamaina dayta avasaramainappudu parimaanaatmaka dayta upayogapadutundi. ayithe, parimaanaatmaka parisoedhana anedi vastuvu nirmaanam dwara linga mariyu saamskrutika anchanaalanu balopetam cheyagaladu. antey, daetaanu parimanatmakamga vislaeshimchadaaniki, avi nirdishta vargaalaku saripoyela undaali. ayithe, ituvanti vargaalu linga moosapotalapai aadharapadi undavacchu ledhaa kaneesam prabhaavitam kaavacchu.
saamaajika maarpu mariyu vimarsalanu prothsahinchadam.
saamaajika maarpu.
lingam antey tarachugaa linga pramaana pravartana mariyu paatralaku kattubadi undatam. linga paniteeru linga vargaala aavasyakatanu balopetam chestundi. linga paniteerulo thedaalalo tamanu taamu vyaktam chesukune lingaala madhya avasaramaina thedaalu unnayani essentialism vaadistundi. linga pradarsanalo sangnalu, bhasha mariyu prasangam kaligi unde saileekruta abhyasam untundi mariyu idhi oka gurtimpunu yerparachadaaniki mariyu nirminchadaaniki upayogapadutundi. oka vyakti saamaajika nibandhanala prakaram nirdesinchina pramaanaalaku anugunamgaa tama lingaanni pradarsinchinappudu, idhi linga aavasyakata yokka vaadananu balaparustundi. chaaritraatmakamgaa, purushulu aadhipatya linga paatranu pooshinchaaru, mariyu mahilalu purushulaku vidheyata choopinche paatranu suuchimchabaddaaru. adheenata anedi prasninchakundaa undalante, nirmaanam oka saamskrutika utpattigaa kanipinchakudadu-idhi sahajamgaa kanipinchaali. saamaajika udyamaalu "sahajamgaa" kanipinche vargaalanu savaalu cheyagalavu. konni chattalu purushulu mariyu mahilalaku samaanatvaanni prothsahinchagalavu, idhi rendu rakaala lingaalu undaalsina avasaram undaa (iddarinee samanamga pariganinchinatlayithe) anae prasnanu levanettutundi. saamaajika maarpu anedi linga saadhanalo asamaanata elaa paatukupotondane avagaahanapai aadharapadi untundi.
charitra antataa, mahilalu vividha samasyalaku sambandhinchi tama hakkula kosam poraadaaru.anie paerkonnaaru. 1854loe praarambhamaina modati tarangam, mahilala vidya hakkula kosam, ootu hakkudaarula ootu kosam jarigina poraatam. eee udyamam taruvaata rendava-taranga streevaadam mariyu moodava-taranga streevaadam striivaadaanni munduku teesukellaayi. streevaada udyamam kevalam mahilala hakkula kosam poradatam gurinchi matrame kaadu, mukhyamgaa vaaru purushula kante takkuvasthaayi vaaru kaadani, tadwara samanamga pariganhinchabadataaniki arhulu mariyu nyaayamaina avakaasaalu ivvabadataayani angeekaristuu saadhaarana prajala nundi gurtimpu mariyu gowravaanni sampaadinchadam gurinchi. streevaadam udbhavinchindi mariyu streeki tagina sthaanam desheeya mariyu private rangaaniki matrame parimitam anae aalochananu savaalu cheyadam praarambhinchindi. kalakramena, linga paatralaku sambandhinchi purushulu mariyu mahilala vaikharulu marinta saralikrutam avtunnayi. kutumba rangamlo marinta samanatva baadhyata pampineepai purushulu mariyu mahilalu angeekaristunnaaru. mahilalu praja rangamlo, mukhyamgaa nayakatva padavulalo paatralanu kaligi undaalani, kaligi undavacchani, alaage purushulu private mariyu desheeya rangamlo palgone paatranu kaligi undavacchani kooda vaaru angeekaristunnaaru. linga paatrala patla perugutunna saralikarinchabadina vaikharula yokka eee gurtulu pramaanamgaa pariganinchabade paramgaa saamaajika maarpu yokka pathaanni suuchistaayi.
lingaanni "raddu" cheyadaaniki vimarsalu mariyu avakaasaalu.
linga nibandhanalaku anugunamgaa unnaa lekapoyina (mariyu linga nibandhanalaku anugunamgaa pravartinchinanduku ellappuduu baadhyata vahistaaru) lingam "cheyagaladu" anie siddhaantam chebutundi kabatti, maarpu asadhyam anipistundi. lingaala madhya avasaramaina thedaalu samasyaatmakamainatlayite, lingam sarvavyaapti chendina samajam ellappuduu linga asamaanatanu samarthistundani vaadinchavachchu. cheyadam" anae bhasha anedi thedaanu vippadaniki badulu daanini cheyadaanni suuchistumdi. saamaajika nirmaanavaadampai aadhaarapade chaalaa adhyayanalu linga nirmaana maargaalanu anveshistaayi, ayithe aaa linga nirmaanaalu linga nirmaanaanni nirmaana mariyu linga asamaanatagaa elaa samarthistaayo pradarsistaayi.
ayithe, lingam "puurtayimdi" ledhaa nirminchabadindi kabatti, dheenini "raddu" ledhaa punarnirminchavachhu. paraspara sthaayi adhyayanam kevalam pariseelinchadaaniki asamaanata yokka sthirathvaanni namodu cheyadame kakunda vistarinchavachuhu (1) saamaajika paraspara charyalu eppudu, elaa takkuva lingasambandhamainavi avtayi, kevalam vibhina linga sambandhamainavi kaavu, (2) saamaajika paraspara charyalalo linga sambandham laeni paristhitulu, (3) anni linga paraspara charyalu asamaanatanu balopetam chestaya, (4) maarpunu utpatti cheyadaaniki nirmaanaatmaka (samsthaagata) mariyu paraspara sthaayilu elaa kalisi panicheestaayi, mariyu (5) maarpuku vaedikagaa paraspara charya.
prakruti verses poeshanha.
linga pravartana puurtigaa ledhaa ekkuvagaa saamaajika sampradaayaalu mariyu samskruti kaaranamgaa undani soochinche siddhaantaalu prakruti verses poeshanha charchalo teevramaina poeshanha sthaanaanni suuchistaayi.
prakruti mariyu poeshanha rendoo linga pravartananu prabhaavitam chestayani paerkontuu itara siddhaantaalu madhyavartitva drukpathaanni andinchaayi.

