
jerusalem muttadi (70 CE)

cree. sha. 70 naati jerusalem muttadi modati yoodu-roman yuddham (66-73 CE) yokka nirnayaatmaka sanghatana, dheenilo bhavishyat chakravarthy titus netrutvamloni roman sainyam roman provins off judialo yoodu tirugubaatu pratighatanaku kendramgaa unna jerusalemnu muttadinchindi. aidu nelala muttadi taruvaata, romanlu nagaranni mariyu rendava yoodu alayanni naasanam chesaaru.
cree. sha. april 70loe, paas ovarku moodu rojula mundu, roman sainyam jerusalemnu muttadinchadam praarambhinchindi. bhaarii ashanti kaalam mariyu swalpakaalika taatkaalika prabhutvam patanam taruvaata eee nagaranni aneka tirugubaatu vargaalu swaadheenam chesukunnayi. moodu varallo, roman sainyam nagaram yokka modati rendu godalanu virigindi, conny mondi pattudalagala tirugubaatudaarulu vaarini dattamaina mariyu moodava godaloki chochukupokunda nirodhinchaaru. samakaaleena charitrakaarudu, yuddhaaniki pradhana vanaru ayina josephus prakaram, eee nagaram hatya, karuvu, naramamsa bhakshana vidhaanamtho naasanamaindi.
tisha baba 'v, 70 CE (augustu 30) naa, roman dalaalu rakshakulanu adhigaminchi aalayaaniki nippu pettayi. pratighatana maroe nela paatu konasaagindi, conny chivariki nagaramloni eguva mariyu diguva praantaalanu kooda swaadheenam chesukunnaru, mariyu nagaram neelamattamaindi. nagaram yokka puurva saktiki saakshyamgaa titus kevalam veerochita koota yokka moodu gopuraalanu matrame vidichipettadu. eee muttadi maanava jeevitaalanu teevramgaa debbateesindi, chaalaa mandhi prajalu champabaddaru mariyu banisaluga cheyabaddaaru, mariyu nagaramloni pedda bhagalu naasanam cheyabaddaayi. eee vijayam saamrajyampai niyantrananu pondadaaniki flavian raajavamsaaniki chattabaddhatanu ichindi. jerusalem patanaanni jarupukovadaniki romlo oka vijayam jarigindi, daani ghnaapakaartham rendu vijayavantamaina vampulu nirminchabaddaayi. aalayam nundi dochukunna sampadanu pradarsanaku unchaaru.
jerusalem mariyu rendava aalaya vidhvamsam yoodula charitralo oka pradhana malupu tirigindi. talli-nagaram mariyu alayanni kolpovadam valla daani manugadanu nirdhaarinchadaaniki yoodula samskrutini punarnirminchaalsina avasaram erpadindi. poojaari mariyu saadhusulatho sahaa yoodula aalaya aadhaarita vibhagala praamukhyata taggindi. rabbinic judaism anie piluvabade judaism yokka kotta roopam farisa paatasaala nundi abhivruddhi chendindi mariyu chivariki matam yokka pradhana sravanti roopamgaa maarindi. nazaret yesu anucharulu chaalaa mandhi kooda nagaram yokka vidhvamsam nundi bayatapaddaru. vaaru athani bodhanalanu roman saamrajyam antataa vyaapti chesi, kraistava matam yokka kotta mataaniki daariteesaaru. yuddham mugisina taruvaata, nagaram yokka sidhilaalapai legio ex fretensis yokka sainika shibiram sthaapinchabadindi. jerusalem taruvaata elia capitolina yokka roman kaalaneega tirigi sthaapinchabadindi. videshee mataalu pravesapettabaddaayi mariyu yoodula pravesam nishedhinchabadindi. eee sanghatana tarachugaa baar kokhba tirugubaatuku utprerakamgaa pariganinchabadutundi.
nepathyam.
rendava aalaya kaalamlo, jerusalem pravaasulatoe sahaa yoodula mataparamaina mariyu jaateeya jeevitaaniki kendramgaa undedi. rendava aalayam moodu teerthayaatrala samayamlo padula mariyu bahusha vandala vaela mandini aakarshinchindi. rendava aalaya kaalam chivaralo nagaram parimaanam mariyu janabhalo sikharaaniki cherukundi, nagaram 200,000 mandhi janabha kaligi undhi. thana "sahaja charitralo", pliny dhi elder dheenini "thoorpuna unna nagarallo atyanta prasiddhamainadi" gaa jarupukunnaru.
prarambha roman kaalamlo, jerusalem rendu vibhina aavaranalanu kaligi undhi. modatidi "modati goda", david nagaram mariyu eguva nagaram lopala unna praantaalanu chuttumuttindi, mariyu daani sampanna praantaalalo takkuvagaa unnappatikee bhaareega nirminchabadindi. rendavadi, "shivaaru praantam" ledhaa "bethesda" anie piluvabadedi, modatidaaniki uttaraana undhi mariyu takkuva janabha kaligi undhi. idhi jerusalemloni aaa bhaganni herodian "rendava goda" (idhi ippatikee nilabadi undhi) lopala kaligi undhi, ayinappatikee idhi raaju agrippa I nirminchina kotta "moodava goda" thoo chuttumuttabadindi. 
agrippa kaneesam 5 meterla mandamtho, aksharala samakaaleena muttadi yantraalache abhedyamaina godanu nirminchaalani korukunnarani josephus paerkonnaadu. ayithe, agrippa, "praja vyavaharalalo kontha aavishkaranalu cheyadaaniki intha balamaina goda nirminchabadindani anumaninchakunte" chakravarthy claudius bhayamtho punaadulanu daati eppuduu vellaledu."idhi taruvaata matrame puurtayimdi, takkuva balam mariyu chaalaa tondaralo, modati yoodu-roman yuddham praarambhamai, jerusalem rakshananu balopetam cheyalsi vachindi. tommidi gopuraalu moodava godanu alankarinchaayi.
tirugubaatu vyaapti.
goppa yoodu tirugubaatu anie kooda piluvabade modati yoodu-roman yuddham, prefect gessius fluorus niyamakam mariyu aalaya nidhulanu sweekarinchaalane athani demand taruvaata mugisindi. neero judayalo tirugubaatunu anichivese panini pratibhaavantudaina, niraadambaramaina sainikadhikari ayina vespasianku appaginchaadu. cree. sha. 68 praarambhamlo, vespassian tolemis vadda digi, gallylo kaaryakalaapaalato tirugubaatunu anachiveyadam praarambhinchaadu. juulai 69 natiki judia mottam conny jerusalem saantinchabadindi mariyu ippudu desham nalumoolala nundi tirugubaatu nayakulaku aatidhyam istunna nagaram roman muttadiki guraindi.
balamaina balamaina koota, idhi gananeeyamaina samayam paatu undi undavacchu, appudu mitavaadulu mariyu utsaahavantula madhya chelaregina teevramaina antaryuddham kosam kakapoyina. cree. sha. 69 vesavilo, vespassian judianu romuku vidichipettadu mariyu decemberlo chakravarthy ayyadu, roman dalaala aadesam athani kumarudu titusku vellindi.
muttadi.
josephus vespassian rendava samvatsaramlo muttadini unchaadu, idhi saadhaarana yugam yokka 70va samvatsaraaniki anugunamgaa untundi. titus paas ovarku konni rojula mundu, 14 xanthics (april) naa, nagaranni chuttumutty, paschima vaipuna moodu dalaalu (v "macedonica", xii "fulminata", xv "apollinaris") mariyu thoorpuna olive parvatam meeda nalgava (x "fretensis") thoo thana muttadini praarambhinchaadu. 6:421 vadda athani "yoodu yuddham" loe titus muttadi gurinchi prastaavana unte, daani vivaranhatho ibbandulu unnappatikee, aaa samayamlo, josephus prakaram, jerusalem paas ovar jarupukovadaniki vacchina chaalaa manditho nindi undhi.
paschimamlo jaffa getku uttaraana unna moodava goda vadda muttadi praarambhamaindi. mae natiki, idhi ullanghinchabadindi mariyu rendava goda kooda kontakaalam tarvaata teesukobadindi, rakshakulu alayanni mariyu eguva mariyu diguva nagaranni swaadheenam chesukunnaru.
yoodula rakshakulu vargaluga vibhajinchabaddaaru. iddaru pramukha utsahi nayakulu ayina saiman baar giora mariyu zaan off giscala, tirugubaatu vaiphalyaaniki mitavaada naayakatvam bhujaalapai anni nindalu vaesaaru. gishla samuuhaaniki chendina zaan maroka varga nayakudu elazar benn saimannu hatya chesaadu, athani manushulu aalaya mundubhaagamlo nilabaddaru. raajakeeya pratyarthula hatya mariyu vaari maargamlo nilabade evarinainaa champadamtho sahaa avasaramaina anni maargaala dwara nagaram roman chetulloki rakudadani utsaahavantulu nirnayinchaaru.
romanlatho charchalu jaripi muttadiki saantiyuta mugimpu palakaalanukune vaaru inca unnaaru. veetilo atyanta pramukhamainadi yohanan benn jakkai, athani vidyaarthulu atanini vespassian thoo vyavaharinchadaaniki shavapetikalo nagaram nundi akramamga ravana chesaaru. ayithe, ippudu jerusalemlo utsaahapuurita naayakatvaanni pattukunna picchitanaanni, nagara janabhapai adhi vidhinchina ugravaada palananu edurkovadaniki idhi saripoledu. rakshakulu tama praanaala kosam poradela balavantam cheyadaaniki nagaramloni aahara sarafaraanu tagalabettadamtho sahaa, daani swantha naayakatvam dwara prajalaku vyatiraekamgaa chesina vividha krooramaina charyalanu josephus vivarinchaadu.
roman muttadi injaneerlu praakaraalanu nirminchadam praarambhinchinappudu matrame zaan off gishla mariyu saiman baar giora madhya satrutvaalu tolaginchabaddaayi. aaa taruvaata janabhanu marinta samarthavantamgaa aakalitho bayatiki teeyadaaniki nagaranni nadumu kattadaniki titus oka godanu nirminchaadu. antonia koota godalanu ullanghinchadaaniki ledhaa scale cheyadaaniki aneka prayatnaalu viphalamaina taruvaata, romanlu chivaraku rahasya daadini praarambhinchaaru. roman muttadulanu tippikottadamlo prarambha vijayalu unnappatikee, utsaahavantulu tamalo taamu poraadaaru, mariyu vaariki saraina naayakatvam ledhu, phalitamgaa paelavamaina kramasikshana, sikshana mariyu tadupari yuddhaalaku tayari jarigindi. okanoka samayamlo vaaru nagaramloni aahara nilvalanu naasanam chesaaru, muttadinchina yoodula tarapuna dayagala devuni jokyanni pondadaaniki ledhaa rakshakulanu marinta niraasaparichenduku vyuuhamgaa, roman sainyanni tippikottadaaniki idhi avasaramani bhaavinchi, bahusha oka teevramaina charyanu chepattinatlu bhaavinchaaru.
josephus prakaram, romanlu antoniaku cherukunnappudu vaaru daanini rakshinchina godanu naasanam cheyadaaniki prayatninchaaru. vaaru naalugu raallanu matrame tolaginchaaru, conny raatri samayamlo goda koolipoyindi. "aaa raatri zaan intaku mundu thana vyuuhaanni upayoginchina, vaati oddulanu anagadokkina pradaesamloe kottina gorrela valla goda enthagaa kadilindi antey, appudu naela daari tappindi, goda akasmaattugaa kindapadindi."(vii. 28)
 dheeni taruvaata, titus aalaya aasthaanaaniki pakkana oddulanu levanettaruh vaayuvya muulaloe, uttaraana, mariyu paschima vaipu (v. 150).
yoodulu thoorpuna, olive parvataaniki sameepamlo romanlapai daadi chesaarani, conny titus vaarini tirigi loyaku tarimikottaarani josephus cheppadu. utsaahavantulu vaayuvya stambhaaniki nippu pettaru (v. 165). romanlu taduparidaaniki nippu pettaru, mariyu yoodulu daanini kaalchaalani korukunnaru (v. 166), mariyu vaaru godapaiki ekkaalanukunnappudu kontamandi roman sainikulanu kooda bandhinchaaru. romanlu godapai chikkukunnappudu vaaru daani kinda kalapanu tagalabettaaru (v. 178-183).
yoodula mitraraajyaalu aneka mandhi roman sainikulanu champina taruvaata, rakshakulatho charchalu jarapadaniki titus tananu pampinchaadani josephus paerkonnaadu; idhi yoodulu sandhaanakartanu baanamtho gaayaparachadamto mugisindi, aaa tarvaata koddikaalaanike maroka saalleeni prayoginchaaru. eee aakasmika daadi samayamlo titus dadapuga pattubaddadu, conny tappinchukunnadu.
aalaya praamganaanni chuustuu, koota aalayampai daadi cheyadaaniki oka khachitamaina sthaanaanni andinchindi. gorrelanu kottadam valla peddagaa purogati ledhu, conny poraatam chivariki godalaku nippu pettindi; oka roman sainikudu aalaya godalapai mandutunna karranu visiraadu. alayanni naasanam cheyadam titus lakshyaalalo okati kaadu, bahusha kevalam dasaabdaala kritam goppa heero chesina bhaarii vistaranala kaaranamgaa kaavacchu. titus daanini swaadheenam chesukuni roman chakravarthy mariyu roman pantheonku ankitam chesina aalayamgaa maarchaalani korukunnadu. ayithe, mantalu vaegamgaa vyaapinchi, twaralone adupu tappindi. eee alayanni swaadheenam chesukuni, saa. sha. 70 augustulo kontakaalam paatu tisha bove rojuna dhvamsam chesaaru, mantalu nagaramloni nivaasa vibhaagaalaku vyaapinchayi. josephus aaa drushyaanni vivarinchaaduh
josephus yokka vruttaantam alayanni naasanam cheyadaaniki edainaa dosham nundi titusnu vimukti chestundi, conny idhi kevalam flavian raajavamsaaniki anukuulamgaa undaalane athani korikanu pratibimbimchavachchu.
roman dalaalu migilina yoodula pratighatananu twaragaa anichivesaayi. migilina yoodulalo kondaru daachina soramgaalu mariyu muruguneeti kaaluvala dwara tappinchukunnaaru, marikondaru eguva nagaramlo tudi stand chesaaru. migilina yoodulapai daadi cheyadaaniki muttadi gopuraalanu nirminchaalsi unnanduna eee rakshana roman purogatini nilipivesindi. heero yokka rajabhavanam september 7naa padipoyindi, mariyu nagaram september 8 natiki puurtigaa roman niyantranalo undhi. romanlu nagaram nundi paaripoyina vaarini vembadinchadam konasaaginchaaru.
vidhvamsam.
josephus vruttaantam titus thana vidhaanamlo mitavaadigaa varninchaadu, itarulatoe sampradinchina taruvaata, 500 samvatsaraala puraatana alayanni vidichipettaalani aadesinchaadu. josephus prakaram, aalayaaniki vaayuvya disalo agnini upayoginchina yoodulu modata roman purogatini aapadaniki prayatninchaaru. appudu matrame roman sainikulu aalayaaniki prakkane unna oka apartmentku nippu pettaru, mantalu chelaregaayi, taruvaata yoodulu marinta digajaaraaru.
josephus romanlaku madhyavartigaa vyavaharinchaadu, charchalu viphalamainappudu, muttadi mariyu paryavasanalanu chushadu. ayana ilaa vraasaaru
puraavastu aadharalu.
samvatsaraalugaa, jerusalem vidhvamsamku sakshyalanu andinche vividha avasheshaalu kanugonabaddayi, idhi josephus vivarana khachitamainadani panditulu nammadaniki daariteesindi. ronnie reach ilaa vraasaadu, "aalaya vidhvamsamku sambandhinchina avasheshaalu chaalaa takkuvagaa unnappatikee, aalaya parvata godalu mariyu vaati sameepa parisaraalaku sambandhinchinavi, eguva nagaram, nagaram yokka paschima bhaagam mariyu tyropone loya gananeeyamgaa unnaayi. [...] chaalaa sandarbhaallo puraavastu recordulu chaaritraka vivaranhatho samanamga unnayani, idhi josephus viswasaneeyatanu suuchistumdani kanugonabadindi.
1970luu mariyu 1980laloe, nahman evagad netrutvamloni brundam eguva nagaramloni nivaasa bhavanalanu debbateesina goppa agni jadalanu kanugondi. mantalu anni sendriya padaarthaalanu tinesai. antastula madhya paikappu unna illalo, mantalu kaaranamgaa bhavanam paibhagam, raathi paie varusalatho paatu, raathi paie varusalatho koolipoyindi, mariyu vaaru intlo migili unna pratidee vaari kinda khananam chesaaru. intlo kontha bhaagamlo matrame jaadalu migili unna bhavanalu unnaayi, mariyu puurtigaa kaalipoyina bhavanalu unnaayi. calcium oxidelu aneka pradaesaalaloo kanugonabaddayi, idhi sudeergha kaalamgaa kaalutunna sunnapurayi debbatinnatlu suuchistumdi. udaaharanaku, herodian quarterlo kaalipoyina illu, nagaram naasanam ayinappudu aaa pradaesamloe mantalu chelaregina sankethaalanu choopistundi.
adhe bhavanaallo unna gruha paatralu mariyu vastuvulapai kooda agni thana mudra vesindi. sunnapurayi naalaalu buudidatoe tadisiveyabaddaayi ledhaa kaalchiveyabaddaayi mariyu sunnamgaa marchabaddayi, gaaju naalaalu paelaayi mariyu prayogasaalalo tirigi pondaleni varaku agni vaedi nundi vakreekarinchabaddaayi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, kundalu mariyu basault manugada saaginchaayi. mantala nundi migilipoyina buudida mariyu kaalipoyina kalapa pora sagatu meater ettuku cherukundi, mariyu raathi rendu meterlu mariyu anthakante ekkuva varaku cherukundi.diguva nagaramloni goppa pattana paarudala kaaluva mariyu sailom pool buradatho nindipoyi panicheyadam aagipoyindi, mariyu nagara godalu aneka pradaesaalaloo koolipoyaayi.
aalaya parvata godala nundi bhaarii raathi koolipovadam paschima goda venta nadiche veedhi meeda padi unnatlu kanugonabadindi. eee raallaloo buurala sthala saasanam undhi, idhi oka smaaraka hebru saasanam, dheenini aalaya vidhvamsam samayamlo roman legionaires kinda padesaru.
maranaalu, baanisatvam mariyu sthaanabhramsham.
muttadi samayamlo 1.1 millionla mandhi, vaarilo ekkuva mandhi yoodulu champabaddaarani josephus raasaadu-eee marana sankhyanu athanu paas ovar vedukaku aapaadinchaadu. romanlu saayudhulanu, vruddhulanu champina taruvaata, 97,000 mandhi banisaluga maarchabaddaarani josephus nivedinchaadu. chaalaa mandhi banisaluga vikrayinchabaddaarani, jerusalem nivaasula 40,000 mandhi manugada saaginchaarani, vaaru enchukunna chotiki vellanivvaarani josephus namodu chesadu. josephus kathanam prakaram, muttadiki mundu mariyu samayamlo, nagaram nundi aneka edaari alalu undevi.
roman charitrakaarudu tacitus taruvaata ilaa vraasaadu "... prati vayassu mariyu rendu lingaala muttadi cheyabadina vaari mottam sankhya aaru laksala; vaatini upayoginchagala vaarandarikee aayudhalu undevi, mariyu pooraadataaniki siddhamgaa unna vaari sankhya mottam janabha nundi oohinchina daanikante ekkuvagaa undedi. purushulu mariyu mahilalu iddaroo oke sankalpaanni chuupimchaaru; mariyu vaaru tama intini marchukovalasi vasthe, vaaru maranam kante praanaaniki ekkuvagaa bhayapaddaru.
josephus maranaala sankhyanu seth schwartz asaadhyamani tiraskarinchaaru, aaa samayamlo daadaapu oka million mandhi prajalu paalastiinaa antataa nivasinchaarani, vaarilo sagam mandhi yoodulu unnaarani, yuddham mugisina tarvaata kooda gananeeyamaina yoodula janabha eee praantamloo undipoyindani anchanaa vestunnaru. ayithe, 97,000 mandhi bandeelu unna sankhya marinta nammadaginadani schwartz vishwasistaadu. tirugubaatu yaatrikulanu jerusalem sandarsinchakundaa nirodhinchaledani, pedda sankhyalo prajalu nagaramlo chikkukunnarani, muttadi samayamlo maraninchaaru anie kooda gamaninchabadindi.
chuttupakkala praantamlooni chaalaa mandhi prajalu kooda bhoomi nundi tarimikottabaddaarani ledhaa bandhinchabaddaarani bhaavistunnaaru.
paryavasanamga.
vijayam saadhinchaaru.
titus mariyu athani sainikulu romku tirigi vacchina taruvaata veedhula gundaa menora mariyu devuni sannidhi yokka rotte pattikanu ooreginchadam dwara vijayanni jarupukunnaru. eee kavaatu varaku, eee vastuvulanu aalaya pradhana poojaari matrame chuusaaru. eee sanghatana titus vampulo ghnaapakam cheyabadindi.
vijayam samayamlo sumaru 700 mandhi yoodu khaideelanu rome veedhullo golusulato ooreginchaaru, vaarilo saiman baar giora mariyu zaan off giscala unnaaru. saiman baar georanu tirugubaatudaarudu mariyu desadrohigaa teerpu icchina taruvaata jupiter aalayamloni tarpian rock nundi atanini champadam dwara uriteesaaru, ayithe zaan off giscalaku jeevita khaidu vidhinchabadindi.
tirugubaatunu anachiveyadam.
jerusalem patanam mariyu nagaram mariyu daani alayanni naasanam chesina taruvaata, tirugubaatudaarulu herodium, macheras mariyu masaadaalo nilupukunna konni yoodula balamaina sthaavaraalu ippatikee unnaayi. taruvaati rendu samvatsaraalalo herodium mariyu macheras iddaroo roman sainyaniki padipoyaru, judian tirugubaatudaarulaku chivari balamaina sthaavaramgaa masaada migilipoyindi. cree. sha. 73loe, romanlu masada godalanu ullanghinchi kotanu swaadheenam chesukunnaru, romanla pravaesaaniki mundu daadaapu yoodula rakshakulandaroo saamuuhika aatmahatya chesukunnarani josephus paerkonnaadu. masada pathanamtho, modati yoodu-roman yuddham mugisindi.
baar kokhba tirugubaatu.
tirugubaatunu anachivesina aaru dasaabdaala taruvaata, cree. sha. 132loe judaayilo baar kokhba tirugubaatu anie piluvabade maroka tirugubaatu chelaregindi. jerusalem sidhilaala meeda elia capitolina anae roman kaalanee nirmaanam mariyu aalaya parvatampai jupiter kosam aalaya nirmaanam, itara vishayaalatoepaatu, tirugubaatuku pradhana utprerakaalugaa bhaavinchabadutunnaayi.
sunheadrin maddatutoe, simone baar kosiba (taruvaata baar kokba anie piluvabadindi) cree. sha. 135loe romanlu jayinchina swalpakaalika swatantra rajyaanni sthaapinchaaru. eee tirugubaatu phalitamgaa modati yoodu-roman yuddham kante ekkuvagaa yoodu samaajaala janabha ksheeninchindi. kontamandi panditulu jatyahamkaramga varninche meraku yoodula samajalu naasanam cheyabaddaayi. ayithe, yoodula janabha paalastiinaalooni itara praantaalalo balamgaa undipoyindi, gaeley, golan, bett shian loya mariyu judia yokka thoorpu, dakshina mariyu paschima anchulalo abhivruddhi chendindi. chakravarthy hadrian mapp nundi juda anae paerunu tudichivesi, daani sthaanamlo siriya palestinanu upayoginchaadu.
ghnaapakaartham.
flavian raajavamsam rendu smaaraka vijaya thoranaalanu nirminchadam dwara jerusalem patanaanni jarupukundi. netikee nilabadi unna titus vampu, jerusalem muttadi mariyu patanam ghnaapakaartham roman chakravarthy domician dwara sakra, rome dwara cree. sha. 82 loe nirminchabadindi. vampu meeda unna bays-releaf, vijaya ooregimpu samayamlo menoratho sahaa aalayam nundi dopideeni teesukuvelutunna sainikulanu varnistundi. circus maximus yokka aagneya pravesadvaaram vadda nirminchina titus yokka rendava, antagaa teliyani vampu cree. sha. 82 loe senate chetha nirminchabadindi. daani yokka konni jaadalu matrame netikee migili unnaayi.
cree. sha. 75 loe, shanti aalayam, dheenini vespassian phoram anie kooda pilustaaru, idhi romloni chakravarthy vespassian aadhvaryamlo nirminchabadindi. jerusalemnu jayinchinanduku vaedukagaa eee smaaraka chihnanni nirminchaaru mariyu idhi veerula aalayam nundi aalaya menoranu kaligi undani chebutaaru.
cree. sha. 70 mariyu 82 madhya romlo nirminchina flavian amphitheatre anie piluvabade colossium, yoodulapai roman vijayam yokka dopidi dwara paakshikamgaa nidhulu samakuurchabadindani nammutaaru. puraavastu aavishkaranalu dowell randhraalanu kaligi unna travertine yokka oka blacknu kanugonnayi, idhi yoodula yuddhalu amphitheatre nirmaanaaniki nidhulu samakuurchinatlu choopistundi.
juda capta nanelu juda capta naanhelu anedi judaanu swaadheenam chesukovadanni mariyu athani kumarudu titus alayanni naasanam cheyadaanni jarupukovadaniki vespassian modata jaarii chesina smaaraka naanhela shreni.
yoodula sampradaayamlo, vaarshika upavaasa dinam tisha bove modati mariyu rendava devalayala naasanaanni suuchistumdi, idhi yoodula sampradaayam prakaram, hebru calenderlo adhe rojuna jarigindi.
yoodu mariyu kraistava escatologylo.
aaa samayamlo yoodula samaajamlo vyaapinchina "niraadhaaramaina" dweshaaniki devuni nundi sikshagaa aalayam mariyu jerusalem vidhvamsamnu yoodula amorime aapaadinchindi. niraasaloo unna chaalaa mandhi yoodulu anyamatam yokka konni samskaranala kosam yooda mataanni vidichipettaarani bhaavistaaru, chaalaa mandhi itarulu yooda matamlo perugutunna kraistava saakhaku maddatugaa unnaaru.
kraistava mataanni daani yoodula muulaala nundi vaeru cheyadamlo vidhvamsam oka mukhyamaina amsamgaa undih chaalaa mandhi kraistavulu migilina yoodula nundi tamanu taamu dhooram chesukovadam dwara pratispandinchaaru, idhi suvaartalalo pratibimbistumdi, idhi yesunu aalaya vyatiraekudigaa chitreekaristundi mariyu aalaya vidhvamsamnu yesu tiraskaranaku sikshagaa chustundi.
jerusalem daani vidhvamsam taruvaata kooda yoodula jeevitam mariyu samskrutilo daani praamukhyatanu nilupukundi, mariyu idhi tirigi raavadaaniki, punarnirmaanam mariyu jaateeya jeevita punaruddharanaku aasanu suuchistumdi. moodava aalayampai nammakam sanaatana judaism yokka muulastambhamgaa migilipoyindi.
prajaadarana pondina samskrutilo.
jerusalem muttadi mariyu vidhvamsam satabdaalugaa rachayitalu mariyu kalaakaarulaku sphuurtinichimdi.