
culverine

culverine modatlo chethitho pattukune aarkvebasku puurveekulu, conny taruvaata oka rakamaina madhyayuga mariyu punarujjeevanodyama phirangini vivarinchadaaniki upayoginchabadindi. eee padam puraatana "culluring" mariyu french "culluvrine" ("kulyuvre" "grass paamu" nundi, paamu yokka swabhaavam yokka latin "colubrinus" nuu anusarinchi) nundi udbhavinchindi.) chethitho pattukune aayudhamgaa daani muulam nundi dheenini 15va sataabdamloo french vaaru firangulugaa upayoginchadaaniki mariyu 16va sataabdamloo aangleyulu naavikaadala upayogam kosam sweekarinchaaru. phirangi mukkaga culverine saapekshamgaa sudeergha shreni mariyu chadunaina pathamtho podavaina smoothboar baarelnu kaligi undhi, adhika moothi vegamtho ghana round shaat prakshaepakaalanu upayogistundi.
chethi kalverinlu.
chethi culverine oka saadhaarana smoothboar metal tubenu kaligi undhi, gunpouder yokka dahanaanni anumatinchadaaniki roopondinchina chinna touch hole minaha oka chivara moosiveyabadindi. gottam cheyi kinda pattukogala kalapa ledhaa lohapu podigimpuku jodinchabadindi. idhi gunpouder mariyu seesam bulletlatho nindi, touch hollo mandutunna nemmadigaa myaachnu choppinchadam dwara kaalchabadindi.
1508loe skaatlaandku chendina james IV utsaahamgaa chethi kalverinlanu upayoginchaadu. athanu holirud pales mariyu kadilinche kotaloni goppa haallalo shooting myaachlanu nirvahinchaadu, facland pales paarkulo jinkaku oka kalverinnu teesukunnadu mariyu thana culverine thoo mae dveepam nundi oka varusa padava nundi samudra pakshulapai kaalpulu jaripaadu.
aarkvebasto paatu, culverine kooda chuttoo baruvunna bhaarii breach-loading swivel ganga abhivruddhi chendindi, dheeniki maddatu mariyu lakshyam kosam oka swivel avasaram. eee ayudham tolaginchagala kappula aakarapu gadulanu upayoginchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi, ivi reloadnu vegavantam cheyadaaniki gunpouder mariyu prakshaepakaalatoe mundhe nimpabadi undevi. breach-loading swivel tupaakulu tarachugaa satruvu sibbandi ledhaa boarderlaku vyatiraekamgaa noukalapai upayoginchabaddaayi.
feeled kalverinlu.
moodu rakaala culverine phirangi mukkalu upayoginchabaddaayi, vaati parimaanam dwara vaeru cheyabaddayi "culverine asaadhaaranamainadi", "saadhaaranamainadi" mariyu "athi takkuva parimaanam".
bastard culverine" (), shaat mariyu "demi-culverine" ledhaa "culverine-moen" (), shaat thoo sahaa chinna versionlu kooda unnaayi.
mottammeeda, munupati phirangula kante culverine gananeeyamaina purogati saadhinchindi. idhi raathi prakshaepakaalaku badulugaa inupa round shotnu prayoginchindi mariyu gunpouder puurtigaa kaalipovadaaniki mariyu prakshaepakaaniki marinta saktini andinchadaaniki veelugaa podavaina baarelnu kaligi unnanduna, culverine dattamaina prakshaepakaanni saapekshamgaa ekkuva paridhiki mariyu chadunaina pathamtho kaalchagaladu. culverine asaadhaarana" anae pratiroopam 408 mea/seey moothi vegaanni saadhinchindi, mariyu kaneesa ettunu matrame upayoginchi oka paridhini saadhinchindi. eee vegam mariyu dravyarashi, mukku nundi bayataku velletappudu phirangi banthi sumaruga gathi saktini kaligi undani suuchistumdi.
britainlo, brigadier general maikhel richards 1714loe aayudhaala master generalga niyaminchabaddaadu mariyu athanu kotta phirangi vyavasthanu roopondinchadaaniki danish nipunudu albert borgardnu niyaminchaadu. borgard kalverinlu, saakarlu mariyu miniyanla saampradaaya naamakaranaanni tolaginchi, prati tupaki upayoginche shaat baruvu aadhaaramgaa 4 nundi 64 poundla varaku kotta vyavasthanu roopondinchaadu. borgard tupaki namuunaalu twaragaa raddu cheyabadinappatiki, shaat baruvutho aayudhaalaku paeru pette paddhati 20va sataabdam varaku britainlo konasaagindi.