
garishta perutz

maaks ferdinand perutz (19 mae 1914-6 fibravari 2002) austrialo janminchina british molecular biologist, ayana 1962loe rasayana saastramlo nobel bahumatini zaan kendruutoe panchukunnaru, veeru haemoglobin mariyu myoglobin nirmaanaalapai chesina adhyayanalaku gaanu. athanu 1971loe raayal society yokka raayal medal mariyu 1979loe copley medal geluchukunnadu. cambridgelo athanu medical research council (mrc) laboratory off molecular biology (lmb) nii sthaapinchi, adhyakshata vahinchaadu, dheeni padnaalugu mandhi saastravettalu nobel bahumatulu geluchukunnaru. cambridgelo molecular biologyki perutz chesina krushini 1992loe cambridge university press prachurinchina "dhi history off dhi university off cambridge valume 4 (1870 nundi 1990)" loe namodu chesaaru.
prarambha jeevitam mariyu vidya.
perutz viyannaalo janminchaadu, adele "delly" (goldsmidt) mariyu hugo perutz anae vastra tayaareedaaru kumarudu. athani tallidandrulu puurveekula prakaram yoodulu, conny perutz catholic matamlo baptism pondaaru. perutz mataanni tiraskarinchi, thana taruvaati samvatsaraallo naastikudigaa unnappatikee, itarula matha vishwaasaalanu kinchaparachadaanni ayana vyatiraekimchaaru.
athanu nyaayavaadi avutaadani athani tallidandrulu aasinchaaru, conny paatasaalalo unnappudu ataniki rasayana shaastram patla aasakti kaligindi. thana tallidandrula abhyantaraalanu adhigaminchi, athanu vienna vishwavidhyaalayamlo chemistry under graduatega cheraadu mariyu 1936loe thana degreeni puurti chesaadu. gauland hopkins netrutvamloni brundam cambridge vishwavidhyaalayamlo jeevarasaayana shaasthramloki chepattutunna purogati gurinchi lecturer fritz vaan vesliki teliyajesaadu, tvaralo cambridgenu sandarsinchaboye professor maarknu tanaku chotu untundaa anae daani gurinchi hopkinsnu vichaarinchamani adigadu. maark marchipoyaadu, conny zhe nii sandarsinchaadu.dii. ex-rae sphatika saastramlo adhyayanaalalo sahaayapadataaniki parisoedhanaa vidyaarthi kosam vetukutunna bernell. eee vishayam gurinchi aemee teliyaka perutz niraasa chendaadu. maark taanu tvaralo neerchukuntaanani cheppi pratighatinchaadu. bernell atanni cavendish prayogasaalaloni thana sphatika shaastra parisoedhanaa brundamlo parisoedhanaa vidyaarthigaa angeekarinchaadu. athani tandri ataniki maddatugaa thana london agentku £500 jama chesaadu. athanu twaragaa neerchukunnaadu. proteinla nirmaanaanni adhyayanam cheyadaaniki ex-rae vivartana paddhatini upayoginchamani bernell atanni prothsahinchindi. protein spatikaalanu pondadam kashtamgaa unnanduna, athanu gurrapu haemoglobin spatikaalanu upayoginchaadu mariyu daani nirmaanampai thana doctorate theesisnu praarambhinchaadu. haemoglobin anedi athani vruttiparamaina vruttiloo ekkuva bhaagam atanni aakraminche vishayam. ayana pihech puurti chesaaru.dii. 1940loe laurence bragg aadhvaryamlo.
athanu rajulaku mariyu St. zaan kalaasaalalu, mariyu peterhouselo sabhyatvam pondaayi, adhi uttama aaharaanni andinchindi anae daani aadhaaramgaa. athanu 1962loe peterhouseku gourava sabhyudiga ennikayyaadu. athanu juuniyar sabhyula patla chaalaa aasakti chuupaadu mariyu kalaasaala yokka shaastreeya samaajamaina kelvin clublo kramam tappakunda mariyu prajaadarana pondina vaktagaa undevaadu.
rendava prapancha yuddham.
1938loe hitler austrianu swaadheenam chesukunnappudu, perutz tallidandrulu switzerlandku paaripoyaaru, conny vaaru tama dabbunu kolpoyaru. phalitamgaa, perutz vaari aardhika sahayanni kolpoyadu. skiing saamarthyam, chinnappati nundi parvataarohanalo anubhavam mariyu sphatikaala gurinchi ghnaanam unnanduna, 1938 vesavilo swiss himaaneenadaalalo manchunu manchugaa marchadanni adhyayanam cheyadaaniki mugguru vyaktula brundamlo sabhyudiga perutz angeekarinchabaddaadu. "raaja samajam yokka karyakalapalu" kosam athani vyaasam atanni himaaneenadaalapai nipunudigaa gurtinchindi.
cavendishlo prayogaatmaka bhouthika shaastra professor ayina laurence bragg, haemoglobinpy perutz parisoedhana vaagdaanam chesindani bhaavinchi, thana parisoedhananu konasaaginchadaaniki rockfeller foundation nundi grant kosam darakhaastu cheyamani prothsahinchaadu. eee darakhaastu janavari 1939loe aamodinchabadindi mariyu aaa dabbutho perutz thana tallidandrulanu marchi 1939loe switzerland nundi inglaandku teesukuraagaladu.
rendava prapancha yuddham prarambhamainappudu, perutjnu german ledhaa austrian nepathyam unna itara vyaktulatoe paatu chuttumuttaru, mariyu newfoundlandku pampaaru (winston churchill aadesaala meraku). chaalaa nelalu nirbandhamlo unna taruvaata athanu cambridgeku tirigi vacchaadu. 
himaninadam poralaloni sphatikaala amarikalo maarpulapai yuddhaaniki mundu ayana chesina parisoedhana kaaranamgaa, kamandola betaliannu norwaylo dimpithe, vaatini himaaneenadaala kinda aasrayaalalo dachagalara anae daanipai salaha adigaru. manchu amsampai athani ghnaanam 1942loe project habakkuk kosam niyaminchabadataaniki daariteesindi. idhi atlantic madhya bhaagamlo manchu vedikanu nirminchadaaniki oka rahasya project, dheenini vimaanaaniki indhanam nimpadaaniki upayoginchavacchu. aaa disagaa athanu iteevala kanugonna manchu mariyu picret anie piluvabade kalapa misramaanni parisoedhimchaadu. athanu london nagaramloni smithfield maamsam market kinda oka rahasya pradaesamloe pykretpai prarambha prayogaalu chesaadu.
molecular biology unit sthaapana.
yuddham taruvaata athanu kluptamgaa himaninada saastraaniki tirigi vacchaadu, himaaneenadaalu elaa pravahistaayo pradarsinchaadu.
1947loe, professor bragg maddatutoe, jeeva vyavasthala paramaanu nirmaanampai parisoedhana chepattadaaniki vaidya parisoedhana mandali (mrc) nundi maddatunu pondadamlo perutz vijayavantamaindi. eee aardhika maddatu ataniki cavendish prayogasaalalo molecular biology unitnu sthaapinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. perutz yokka kotta vibhagam parisoedhakulanu aakarshinchindi, veeru molecular biology rangamlo goppa asajanakamga undani grahinchaaru; vaarilo 1949loe frances crick mariyu james dii. 1951loe watson.
1953loe, protein sphatikaala nundi vivarinchabadina ex-raelanu protein sphatikaala nundi namuunaalanu bhaarii anuvulatho mariyu jatacheyabadanivi lekunda polchadam dwara dasalavaareegaa choopinchavacchani perutz choopinchaadu. 1959loe raktamlo oxygennu ravana chese protein haemoglobin yokka paramaanu nirmaanaanni nirnayinchadaaniki ayana eee paddhatini upayoginchaaru. eee pani phalitamgaa ayana 1962loe rasayana saastramlo nobel bahumatini zaan kendruutoe panchukunnaru. eee rojullo prati samvatsaram ex-rae sphatikaala shaastram dwara aneka vaela proteinla paramaanu nirmaanaalu nirnayinchabadutunnaayi.
1959 taruvaata, perutz mariyu athani sahacharulu adhika spashtatato axi-mariyu dioxy-haemoglobin nirmaanaanni nirnayinchaaru. phalitamgaa, 1970loe, idhi oka paramaanu yantramgaa elaa panichestundo ayana chivaraku suuchimchagaligaaruh daani deoxygenated mariyu daani oxygenated sthithula madhya idhi elaa maarutundi, tadwara oxygen teesukoovadaanni prerepistundi, aapai kandaraalaku mariyu itara avayavalaku vidudala chestundi. tadupari rendu dasaabdaalalo tadupari pani pratipaadita yantraamgaanni suddhi chesi dhruveekarinchindi. adanamgaa perutz aneka haemoglobin vyaadhulalo nirmaanaatmaka maarpulanu mariyu ivi praanavaayuvu bandhaanni elaa prabhaavitam chestayo adhyayanam chesaaru. anuvunu aushadha grahakamgaa panicheyela cheyavachani, sikil sell raktaheenatalo sambhavinche janyu lopaalanu nirodhinchadam ledhaa tippikottadam saadhyamavutundani ayana aasaabhaavam vyaktam chesaaru. haemoglobin anuvu yokka vaividhyamaina aavasalu mariyu pravartana yokka namuunaalaku anugunamgaa jaatula nundi jaatulaku maaradam marinta aasakti kaliginchindi. thana chivari samvatsaraallo perutz huntington mariyu itara neurodegenerative vyaadhulalo chikkukunna protein nirmaanaalalo maarpula adhyayanam vaipu moggu chuupaadu. huntington vyaadhi prarambham glutamine punaraavrutamayye sankhyaku sambandhinchinadani, avi bandhinchi "dhruva zipper" anie piliche vaatini yerparustaayani ayana niroopinchaaru.
dna nirmaanam mariyu rosalind franklin.
1950la praarambhamlo, watson mariyu crick deoxyribonucleic aamlam (dna) nirmaanaanni nirnayinchadaaniki prayatnistunnappudu, surr zaan randall yokka kings college laboratory kosam perutz vaaru prachurinchani 1952 purogati nivedikanu icchaaru. eee nivedikalo rosalind franklin teesina ex-rae vivartana chitraalu unnaayi, ivi double-helix nirmaanaaniki raavadamlo keelakamani niroopinchabaddaayi.
perutz franklin teliyakundaane ledhaa anumati lekunda, mariyu aame prachurinchani purogati nivedikaloni vishayaala yokka vivaranaatmaka vislaeshanhanu prachurinche avakaasam rakamunde ilaa chesindi. eee "bahumati" phalitamgaa vacchina phalitaalu mariyu gowravaalanu drushtilo unchukuni, taruvaata eee charyanu randall mariyu itarulu vimarsinchaaru.
eee samasyanu spashtam chese prayatnamlo, perutz taruvaata nivedikanu prachurinchaadu, 1951 chivarilo franklin icchina prasangamlo franklin cheppanidi aemee ledani vaadinchaadu, dheeniki watson hajarayyaru. council kosam panichestunna vividha samuuhaala madhya sambandhaanni yerparachukovadaniki" roopondinchina mrc kamiteeki eee nivedikanu uddesinchi prasanginchinatlu perutz telipaaru. randall mariyu perutz prayogasaalalu rendintikee mrc nidhulu samakuurchindi.
rachayita.
thana taruvaati samvatsaraallo, perutz biomedical vishayaalapai "dhi newyork review off books" kosam regular reviewer/vyaasakartagaa panicheesaaru. eee vyasalalo chaalaa varaku ayana 1998loe raasina pustakam "neenu intaku mundhe meeku kopam teppinchi undalanukuntunnanu" loe punarmudrinchabaddaayi. 
aagashtu 1985loe, newyork rendava prapancha yuddhamlo interneegaa thana anubhavaala gurinchi thana kathanaanni "dhatt vith dhi vaarh ethiri grahaantaravaasi" anae sheershikato prachurinchaadu.
1997loe shaastram gurinchi vraasinanduku perutz levis thamus bahumatini geluchukunnadu.
perutz yokka correspondence sekarana 2009loe maranaanantaram prachurinchabadindi, "naaku entha samayam undih enchukunna letters off maaks perutz" anae sheershikato.
shaastravetta-pourudu.
1994loe cambridgelo 'jeevinche anuvula' paie icchina upanyaasamlo tatvavettalu surr carle popper, thamus kuhn, jeevasaastravetta richard dockins siddhaantaalapai perutz daadi chesaaru. vignaana shaastram parikalpana nirmaanam, khandana prakriya dwara purogamistundane popper abhiprayanni ayana vimarsinchaaru, parikalpanalu shaastreeya parisoedhanaku aadharam kaadani, kaneesam paramaanu jeevasaastramlo avi tappanisarigaa savaranaku lobadi undavani annaru. perutz kosam, saamaajika mariyu saamskrutika ottillaku lobadi unde namuunaa maarpulalo shaastram purogamistundane kuhn yokka bhavana aadhunika shaastram yokka anyaayamaina praatinidhyam.
eee vimarsalu matampai daadi chese saastravettalaku, mukhyamgaa dockins varaku vistarinchaayi. prajala matha vishwaasaanni debbatise prakatanalu kevalam vignaana shaastra pratishtanu debbateesevi, ayithe srushtivaadam vanti "spashtamaina tappudu" siddhaantaalanu vyatirekinche saastravettalanu ayana vimarsinchaledu. manam devunni vishwasinchakapoyinaa, manam jeevinchinatlu jeevinchadaaniki prayatninchaali" anie ayana muginchaaru."
2001 september 11 daadula taruvaata koddi rojullone, perutz british pradhana mantri toney blairku lekha raasi, sainika balamtho spandinchavaddani vignapti chesaru "prateekaaram kosam american kekalu veyadam valla neenu bhayapaddanu mariyu adhyakshudu bush yokka prateekaaram vaelaadi mandhi amayaka prajala maranaaniki daariteestundani, manalni perugutunna ugravaadam mariyu ugravaada vyatiraeka prapanchamloki nadipistundani aandolana chendutunnanu. idhi jaragakunda nirodhinchadaaniki meeru mea niyantrana prabhavanni upayoginchagalarani neenu aasistunnaanu."
gowravaalu mariyu puraskaralu.
perutz 1954loe raayal society (frs) loe pheloga ennikayyaaru. 1962loe rasayana saastramlo nobel puraskaaramtho paatu, athanu haemoglobin mariyu myoglobin yokka nirmaanaalapai vaari sambandhita adhyayanala kosam zaan kendruutoe panchukunna, maaks perutz aneka itara mukhyamaina gowravaalanu andukunnaruh athanu 1963loe arder off dhi british empire commanderga niyaminchabaddaadu, american academy off arts und sainsesku ennikayyaadu, adhe samvatsaram 1967loe sains und art kosam austrian decoration andukunnadu, 1968loe american taatvika samaajaaniki ennikayyaadu, 1970loe united states national academy off sainsesku ennikayyaadu, 1971loe raayal society raayal medalnu andukunnadu, 1975loe gourava sahacharudini niyaminchaadu, 1979loe copley medal mariyu 1988loe merrit aardarnu andukunnadu.
perutz 1964loe german academy off sciences leopoldinalo sabhyudiga niyaminchabaddaadu, vienna vishwavidyaalayam (1965) nundi gourava doctorate pondaadu mariyu 1967loe wilhelm exner patakaanni andukunnadu. athanu 1964loe embo sabhyatvaaniki ennikayyaadu.
european sphatika shaastra sangham athani gouravaartham paeru pettabadina maaks perutz bahumatini sthaapinchindi.
upanyaasaalu.
1980loe, "chiken, guddu mariyu anuvulu" anae amsampai raayal institute chrismus upanyaasaala kosam aaru upanyasalalo okadaanni ivvadaaniki perutjnu aahvaninchaaru.
vyaktigata jeevitam.
1942loe, perutz vaidya photographer gisela clara mathilde peasure (1915-2005) nuu vivaham chesukunnadu. vaariki iddaru pillalu unnaaru, vivian (bii. 1944), kalaa charitrakaarudu; mariyu rabin (jaa. 1949), yark vishwavidhyaalayamlo rasayana shaastra professor. gisela germany nundi vacchina saranaarthi (aame protestant, aame sonta tandri yoodudigaa janminchaaru).
athanu 2002 fibravari 6naa maraninchaadu mariyu athani buudidanu athani tallidandrulaina hugo perutz mariyu delly perutjtho kalisi cambridgeloni aarohana smasaanavaatika yokka paarishlo khananam chesaaru. gisela 2005 december 17naa maraninchindi mariyu aame buudidanu adhe samaadhilo khananam chesaaru.
bahya linkulu.