
vichitramaina yantram

computer bhadratalo, oka vichitramaina yantram anedi oka ganana kalakhandam, ikkada programme yokka asalu vivaranaku velupala adanapu code amalu jaragavacchu. idhi vichitramaina suuchanala bhaavanatho daggari sambandham kaligi undhi, ivi roopondinchina input dayta aadhaaramgaa dopideeki building blocks. 
vichitramaina yantram anae bhavana anedi bhadrata durbalatwala kosam dopidila unikini ardham chesukovadaniki oka saiddhaantika chatram. dopidilu anubhavapuurvakamgaa unnaayi, conny vichitramaina yantraala framework aavirbhaavaaniki mundu saiddhaantika konam nundi adhyayanam cheyabadaledu.
siddhaantam.
saiddhaantika drukpatham nundi, computer yokka cherukogala sthithula sankhyanu mariyu sthithi parivartanalanu "parimitam" cheyadaaniki softwarenu oka maargamgaa pariganinchinappudu vichitramaina yantraala aavirbhavam spashtamgaa telustundihi saadhaarana-prayojana cpu, software dwara, parimita-sthithi yantraanni (chaalaa pedda rashtra sthalamtho) anukarinchadaaniki pratyekata kaligi untundi. CPU undagala aneka rashtraalu minahayinchabaddayi, mariyu konni rashtra parivartanalu tolaginchabaddaayi-udaaharanaku software yokka bhadrata avasaralanu ullanghinchevi. uddesinchina parimita-sthithi yantram (memory avineeti, hardware vaiphalyam ledhaa itara prograaming tappula dwara) konam nundi chusinappudu vyavasthanu edho okavidhamgaa "ardham laeni" sthithiloki taralinchinappudu, software virigina sthithini kotta virigina sthithulugaa maarustuune untundi, idhi marinta viniyogadaaru input dwara prerepinchabadutundi. oka kotta ganana parikaram talettutundihi programmer oohinchina daanikante cpu yokka vividha sthithulaku cherukogala vichitramaina yantram, mariyu idhi inputlaku pratispandanagaa alaa chestundi.
applications.
oohinchinappatikii, chellubaatu ayye input computer prograamlo saadhaarana, uddesinchina kaaryaacharananu sakriyam chestundi, programme developer oohinchani input analochita kaaryaacharananu sakriyam cheyavachu. vichitramaina yantram eee analochita kaaryaacharananu kaligi untundi, dheenini oka dopidiiloo enchukunna inputlatho programme cheyavachu.
oka stack buffer ovarflo prayojanaanni pondhe shaastreeya daadiloo, haani kaliginche prograamku ivvabadina input roopondinchabadutundi mariyu pampinhee cheyabadutundi, tadwara adhi programme kodga amalu cheyabadutundi. ayithe, programme memory yokka dayta praantaalu rakshinchabadi unte, vaatini neerugaa eee vidhamgaa amalu cheyalemu, input badulugaa ippatike unna programme code mukkaluga pointerla roopaanni teesukovachhu, appudu oohinchani kramamlo amalu cheyabadutundi. dopidi dwara upayoginche code yokka eee snippetlanu return-oriented prograaming sandarbhamlo "gadjetlu" gaa suuchistaaru.
daetaanu kodga vyakhyaaninchadam dwara, asalu programme specificationku velupala nirvachanam prakaram unna vichitramaina yantra kaaryaacharananu proof-carring code (psisi) dwara kooda cherukovacchu, idhi oka nirdishta nirdishta maargamlo panichestundani adhikarikamga niroopinchabadindi. eee asamaanata tappanisarigaa computer programme yokka adhikaarika nairoopya namuunaa mariyu daani vaastava-prapancha udaaharana madhya disconnect valla sambhavistundi, idhi asalu sangrahamlo sangrahinchabadani sanghatanala dwara prabhaavitamavutundi, memory lopaalu ledhaa vidyut antaraayaalu vantivi.
hardwarelo kooda vichitramaina yantra pravartanalu gamaninchabadataayi. udaaharanaku, x86loe move suuchanalatoe matrame ganana cheyavachani choopabadindi.
upasamanam.
vichitramaina yantra kaaryaacharana valla kalige samasyalanu tagginchadaaniki rendu kendra vargaalu software lopala input dhruveekarana mariyu programme nadustunna platfam nundi utpannamayye samasyala nundi rakshinchadam, memory lopaalu vantivi. input dhruveekarana anedi oohinchani inputla paridhini mariyu roopaalanu parimitam cheyadam lakshyamgaa pettukundi.zii. anumatinchabadina inputla shwetha jabita dwara, tadwara software programme antargatamgaa daetaanu ardham chesukovadam dwara oohinchani sthithilo undadu. anthe mukhyamgaa, buffer pongiporladam nundi rakshinchadam vanti surakshitamaina prograaming paddhatulu input daetaanu programme amalu cheyabadina hardware vanti diguva porala dwara analochita margallo ardham chesukune avakaasam takkuvagaa chestundi.

