
australia raajyaangamlooni 51va vibhagam (XXIX)

australia raajyaangamlooni 51va vibhagam (XXIX) anedi australia raajyaangamlooni 51va vibhagam yokka upavibhaagam, idhi commonwealth paarlamentuku "videshee vyavahaaraalaku" sambandhinchi saasanam chese hakkunu istundi.
iteevali samvatsaraalalo, antarjaateeya oppandaalu mariyu samavesala prakaram daani baadhyatalaku australialo prabhavam choope chattanni aamodinchadaaniki adhikaranni upayoginchadampai chaalaa drushti kendrikarinchabadindi. konni sandarbhaallo, maanava hakkulu ledhaa paryaavarana parirakshana maadirigaa, oppandam-amalu chattam dwara niyantrinchabade karyakalapalu antarjaateeya swabhaavam kaligi undavu, conny kevalam australialo ledhaa oka nirdishta raashtramlo matrame unnaayi.
australialo, saraina chatta-nirmaana adhikaram uddeshapoorvakamgaa chatta-nirmaana charya antarjaateeya palananu desheeya palanaga "marchakapothe, antarjaateeya chattamlo parinaamaalu desheeya prayojanaala kosam pratyaksha prabhavam chuupavu.
muulam.
rajyanga chattam prakaram, "videshee vyavahaaraalaku" sambandhinchi saasanam chese hakkunu commonwealth paarlamentuku pradaanam cheyadam dwara vyavasthaapaka tandrulu uddesinchinadi puurtigaa spashtamgaa ledhu. 1890laloe rajyanga musaida gurinchi charchinchina rajyanga samavesalalo 51va vibhagam (XXIX) anekasaarlu savarinchabadindi. 1891 sidney convention aamodinchina rajyanga musaida "videshee vyavaharalu mariyu oppandaalaku" sambandhinchi chattalanu roopondinchadaaniki paarlamentuku anumatinchindi. eee padam 1897 adelide convention dwara jarigindi, conny kotta south wales saasana mandali, musaayidaanu amodinchala vadda anie pariseelinchinappudu, saamraajya paarlamentu matrame australiaku kattubadi unna oppandaalloki pravesinchaalane praatipadikana "mariyu oppandaalu" anae padaalanu tolaginchaalani nirnayinchindi. oppandaala spashtamaina suuchananu tolaginchadaanni 1897 sidney samavesam mariyu 1898 melbourne samavesaniki pratinidhulu dhruveekarinchaaru.
1901loe, robbert gaaran mariyu zaan quick videshee vyavahaaraala shakti "goppa rajyanga yuddhabhoomigaa niroopinchabadutundani suuchimchaaru."daadaapu 86 samvatsaraala taruvaata, copper vaari anchanaa" "adbhutamaina dooradrushtini choopinchindani" "vyakhyaaninchaadu".
videshee vyavaharalu.
itara deshaalatho sambandhaalu.
videshee vyavaharalu" anae padaanni united kingdom mariyu british saamraajyamloni itara praantaalatoo sambandhaalanu chaerchaalani uddesinchabadindani spashtam cheyadaaniki "videshee vyavaharalu" kakunda section 51 (XXIX) loe upayoginchaaru. 1901loe australia rajyangam roopondinchabadinappudu, united kingdom mariyu daani aastulu australiaku "videshee" gaa bhavinchabadaledu.
pradhana nyaayamuurti latham "aarr vii sharke" (1949) loe "videshee vyavaharalu" "itara dominionlatho snehapoorvaka sambandhaala parirakshanaku" parimitam kaaledu, conny "australia velupala unna anni deshaalatho" sambandhaalaku vistarinchabaddaayi anie annaru. justice brennon "covarta vii bezelke-petterson" (1982) loe dheenini itara "antarjaateeya vyaktulatoe", mukhyamgaa aikyaraajyasamiti mariyu daani vividha pratyeka agencylatho sambandhaalaku vistarinchaaru.
samudraalu mariyu munigipoyina bhoomula kesu" (1975) looni nyaayamuurtulu australia praadaesika samudrampai thana saarvabhoumatvaanni nokki cheppadaniki commonwealth kuu arhata unnada anae daanipai bhinnabhiprayalu vyaktam chesaaru, ayithe majority adhi chesindi. dheeniki antarleena kaaranam emitante, "khandantara shelf" kuu sambandhinchi jaateeya hakkula aalochana 1945 nundi antarjaateeya sambandhaalu mariyu antarjaateeya chattam yokka utpattigaa spashtamgaa udbhavinchindi.
australiaku bayati vishayalu.
samudraalu mariyu munigipoyina bhoomula kesu" loe pradhana nyaayamuurti barwick prakaram, videshee vyavahaaraala adhikaram "australiaku baahyamgaa unna" edainaa "kuu, ledhaa justice mayson prakaram" australia velupala bhougolikamgaa unna vishayalu ledhaa vastuvulaku "vistaristundi. eee suuchanalu taruvaati kesulalo balopetam cheyabaddaayi, chivaraku "palikhovic vii commonwealth (yuddha neeraala chattam kesu)" (1991) loe nirnayaatmaka praamukhyatanu santarinchukunnaayi. eee kesulo, justice brennon kakunda itara nyaayamuurtulandaruu rendava prapancha yuddhamlo airopalo jarigina "yuddha neeraalanu" gurtinchadaaniki mariyu vichaarinchadaaniki chattaniki maddatu ivvadaaniki 51 (xx) loe taginanta adhikaram undani paerkonnaaru. pradhana nyaayamuurti mayson, mariyu nyaayamuurtulu deane, dasson mariyu mchag eee nirdhaarana taginantagaa sambandhita charyalu chesinatlu aaropinchabadina bhougolika sthaanam australiaku bhouthikamgaa baahyamainadane vaastavam aadhaaramgaa undani abhiprayapaddaru.
oppandaalanu amalu cheyadam (antarjaateeya chattam).
kontavaraku, antarjaateeya oppandaanni aamodinchadam aaa oppandaanni amalu chese prayojanam kosam commonwealth saasana adhikaranni upayoginchadaanni samarthinchagaladaa anae daanipai charcha jarigindi. eee samasyaku munupati mariyu aadhunika vidhaanaala madhya gananeeyamaina vyatyaasam undhi. oka antarjaateeya oppandamlo unna edainaa baadhyata ledhaa kattubadi laeni sifaarasulanu kooda amalu cheyadaaniki paarlamentu chattabaddham cheyagaladani prarambha vidhanalu anarhamaina abhiprayanni utpatti chesaayi. eee oppandam kaneesam antarjaateeya aandolana kaliginche praanthamtho vyavaharinchadam avasaramani taruvaata stephen zhe arhata pondaadu. ayithe, 1983loe "tusmanian dyaam kesu" loe mayson zhe dwara 'antarjaateeya aandolana' yokka eee pareeksha tiraskarinchabadindi, idhi oppandaalanu amalu cheyadaaniki prastuta vidhananni vivaristundi mariyu taruvaata kesula dwara dhruvikarinchabadindi.

