
lotaa, chilly

lotaa anedi chilly madhyalo (spaanishlo), biobio praantamlooni dakshina consisian provincelo, consisian kuu dakshinaana 39 kilometres dhooramlo unna oka nagaram mariyu commune, mariyu consisian metropolitan praantaanni kaligi unna padhi nagarallo (communes) idhi okati. 1990laloe ganula tavvakam mugisinappatikee, eee nagaram ekkuvagaa chililo boggu tavvakaaniki saampradaaya kendramgaa prasiddhi chendindi.
charitra.
eee pradaesamloe modati spanish sthaavaram, "shanta maria dii gwadalupe", october 12,1662naa governor angel dii peredo chetha sthaapinchabadindi, ayithe arouko yuddham yokka satrutvaala madhya idhi ekkuva kaalam manugada saaginchaledu. aadhunika nagaram pantommidava sataabdamloo praarambhamaina boggu ganula parisramatho mudipadi undhi. upayoginchina mottamodati boggu poralu daadaapu naela mattamlo unnanduna pani cheyadam sulabham. talcahuwano naukaasrayam vadda aaviri noukalu vacchina taruvaata boggu tavvakam praarambhamaindi. eee aaviri noukalu, ekkuvagaa britton nundi, praarambhamlo boggunu chaalaa choukagaa konugolu chesaayi. paarisraamikavetta matias kuusinoe 1852loe lotaalo ganula tavvakam karyakalapalanu praarambhinchaadu. boggu tavvakam 19va sataabdam madhyalo lotaanu takkuva janabha kaligina sarihaddu praantamgaa nundi 20va sataabdam varaku chilly nalumoolala nundi valasadaarulanu aakarshinchina pedda paarisraamika kendramgaa maarchindi.
1875 janavari 5naa oka pattanamgaa adhikarikamga sthaapinchabadina loota, 1881 november 30naa oka nagaramgaa maarindi. "loota" anae paeru "chinna bhoomi" anie ardham vachhe mapudungun padam "luta" nundi udbhavinchindani bhaavistunnaaru.
1960loe mainarlu, vaari kutumbaalu adhika vaetanaalanu koorutuu saadhaarana sammenu praarambhinchaayi. nirasanakaarulu concepsian vaipu kavaatu chestunnappudu, 1960 concepsian bhookampam eee bhoobhaganni taaki sammenu muginchindi. 20va sataabdamloo chaalaa varaku eee nagaram soviet anukuula kamyoonijaaniki balamaina sthaavaramgaa undedi. nagaramloni boggu ganulanu 1971loe salvador alende jaateeyam chesaaru, eee charyanu ganula kaarmikulu swaagatinchaaru. allende padagottabadi, sainika niyantrutvam sthaapinchabadinappudu, loota raajakeeya paarteelu, saktivantamaina kaarmika sanghaalu nishedhinchabaddaayi. eee samsthalalo churukuga unna vyaktulu himsimchabaddaaru, konni sandarbhaallo sainyanche champabaddaru. kaarmika sanghaalu ledhaa raajakeeya paartiilatoe sambandhaalu unnanduna sthaanika patrikalalo chaalaa varaku anachiveyabaddaayi.
20va sataabdam chivaralo loota boggu parisrama kolimulu, ravana parisrama mariyu raillu, ivanni boggunu mukhyamaina konugoludaarulu, itara shakti vanarulaku maaradamtho marketla kosam kashtapadatam praarambhinchindi. boggu aadhaarita sthaanika aardhika vyavastha yokka durbalatvam gurinchi 1920la nunche aandolanalu undevi. boggu padakalu sannaga undi, aneka bhougolika lopaala kaaranamgaa sthaanabhramsham chendadamtho taamara boggu parisramaku yaantreekaranalo ibbandi okati. chekka ganula tavvakam maddatu marinta khareedainadigaa maaradamtho, sulabhamgaa andubaatulo unde boggu padakalu ksheeninchadamto mariyu samudrapu adugubhaagamlo tavvakam cheyavalasi raavadamtho kharchulu kooda perigayi. taamara boggu vanarulaku demand taggadamtho, choukaina columbian boggu marketloki raavadamtho, taamara nivaasitulanu pedarikamloki nettivesina taruvaata 1990laloe ganulu moosiveyabaddaayi. 1997loe empressa national dell carbon ganulanu moosivesi paarisraamika parikaraalanu vikrayinchinappudu mugimpu vachindi. aaa tarvaata ganulu varada neetilo munigayi.
paryatakam, atavee, chetivruttula chepalu pattadam mariyu chinna taraha vyavasthaapakata ganula tavvakam sthaanamlo upaadhi vanarulugaa marai, ayithe paatha mainarlu daanini sweekarinchadam kashtamgaa anipinchindi. boggu parisrama ksheeninchinappatikii, taamara samajam daanitoe gurtimpunu konasagistondi. 1960luu mariyu 1970latho poliste eee nagaram chaalaa raajakeeyam laenidi; dheeniki sakshyam emitante konni suvaarta charchilalo raajakeeya paarteela karyalayala kante ekkuva mandhi parichaarakulu unnaaru.
janabha.
jaateeya ganaanka samstha 2002 janabha lekkala prakaram, lotaa 49,089 mandhi nivaasitulu (23,944 mandhi purushulu mariyu 25,145 mandhi mahilalu) kaligi undhi. veerilo 48,975 mandhi (99.8%) pattana praantaallo mariyu 114 mandhi (0.20%) graameena praantaallo nivasinchaaru. 1992 mariyu 2002 janabha lekkala madhya janabha 2.3% (1167 mandhi) taggindi. 2000la chivari samvatsaraallo janabha 40,000 kante takkuvagaa padipoyindi, antey 1980laloe janabha daadaapu 80,000 unnappudu sagaaniki taggindi.
paripalana.
oka commune gaa, lotaa anedi chilly yokka moodava sthaayi paripalana vibhagam, dheenini munisipal council nirvahistundi, dheeniki prati naalugu samvatsaraalaku okasari neerugaa ennikayye alcaulde naayakatvam vahistaaru. 2008-2012 alcaulde anedi patricio marchant ullova (pidisi).
chilly ennikala vibhagalalo, 46va ennikala jillaalo bhaagamgaa (lotaa, lebu, arouko, kuranilahu, laas alamos, connet, contulmo mariyu tiruvaalato kuudina), lotaku pratinidhula sabhalo manueval monsalve (ps) mariyu evon norambuena (yudi) praatinidhyam vahinchaaru. 13va senatorial niyojakavargam (biobio-coast) loe bhaagamgaa senatelo eee communeku victor perez varela (udi) mariyu mariano ruiz-eskide jaaraa (pidisi) praatinidhyam vahinchaaru.