
bhuu roopam

bhoomi yokka ghana uparitalam ledhaa itara grahala sareerampai sahajamaina ledhaa maanavajanyamaina bhoomi lakshanam bhuu roopam. bhuu roopaalu kalisi icchina bhoobhaganni yerparustaayi, mariyu prakruti drushyamlo vaati amarikanu sthalaakruthi antaaru. bhuu aakrutulalo kondalu, parvataalu, loyalu mariyu loyalu, alaage samudrapu theera praantaalu, dveepakalpaalu mariyu samudraalu vanti teerapraanta lakshanaalu unnaayi, veetilo samudrapu madhya bhaagamlo unna parvataalu, agniparvataalu mariyu goppa samudra pareevaahaka praantaalu vanti munigipoyina lakshanaalu unnaayi.
bhouthika lakshanaalu.
bhoomi roopaalu etthu, vaalu, dhorani, nirmaanam vanti lakshana bhouthika lakshanaala dwara vargeekarinchabaddaayi.
stareekarana, raathi bahirgatam mariyu matti rakam. sthuula bhouthika lakshanaalu ledhaa bhuu roopaalalo berms, dibbalu, kondalu, sikharaalu, kondalu, loyalu, nadulu, dveepakalpaalu, agniparvataalu mariyu aneka itara nirmaanaatmaka mariyu parimaana-sthaayi (udhaa.zii. cheruvulu verses. sarassulu, kondalu verses parvataalu) vividha rakaala lothattu mariyu samudra jala vanarulu mariyu upa-uparitala lakshanaalatoo sahaa muulakaalu. parvataalu, kondalu, peethabhoomulu mariyu maidaanaalu naalugu pradhana rakaala bhuu roopaalu. chinna bhuu aakrutulalo buts, loyalu, loyalu mariyu pareevaahaka praantaalu unnaayi. bhoomi krinda tectonic plate kadalika parvataalu mariyu kondalanu paiki nettadam dwara bhuu roopaalanu srushtinchagaladu.
taragatula sopanakramam.
mahaasamudraalu mariyu khandaalu atyunnata sthaayi bhuu roopaalaku udaaharanalu. bhuu-aakruti muulakaalu adhika-krama bhuu-aakrutula bhagalu, veetini marintagaa gurtinchavacchu mariyu konda-sikharaalu, bhujaalu, jeenu, mundari anchulu mariyu venuka vaalu vanti samanvaya nirvachananni kramapaddhatilo ivvavacchu.
konni saadhaarana bhuu roopa amsaalu guntalu, sikharaalu, kaaluvalu, gatlu, kanumalu, kolanulu mariyu maidaanaalu.
bhuubhaagam (ledhaa "upasamanam") anedi "bhoomi uparitalam" yokka moodava ledhaa niluvu parimaanam. sthalaakruthi anedi bhuubhaagam yokka adhyayanam, ayithe eee padaanni tarachugaa upasamanaaniki paryaayapadamgaa upayogistaaru. neeti aduguna upasamanam vivarinchinappudu, bathmetry anae padaanni upayogistaaru. cartography, kantur linelu mariyu tribhujaakaara kramarahita netvarklatho sahaa upasamanaanni vivarinchadaaniki aneka vibhina paddhatulu upayoginchabadataayi.
praathamika bhuu roopaalu (vibhagalu, mukhalu, upasamana unitlu) icchina sthaayi/spashtata vadda bhoomi uparitalam yokka atichinna sajatiya vibhagalu. ivi saapekshamgaa sajatiya padanirmaana lakshanaalu kaligina praantaalu, avi virama rekhalatho sarihaddulugaa untaayi. konni vandala meterla nundi vandala kilometres varaku vividha pramaanaalalo peethabhoomi ledhaa kondanu gamaninchavacchu. anduvalla, neelalu mariyu bhougolika poralu maadirigaane, bhuu roopaala praadaesika pampinhee tarachugaa sthaayi-aadhaaritamgaa untundi.
plate tectonics nundi kotha mariyu nikshepana (maanava karyakalapala kaaranamgaa kooda) varaku aneka amsaalu bhuu roopaalanu utpatti chesi prabhaavitam cheyagalavu. jeeva karakalu bhuu roopaalanu kooda prabhaavitam cheyagalavu-udaaharanaku, dibba vyavasthalu mariyu uppu chittadi neelala abhivruddhilo vrukshasampada paatranu mariyu pagadapu dibbala nirmaanamloo pagadalu mariyu algay panini gamaninchandi.
bhuu aakrutulalo kaaluvalu, odarevulu mariyu aneka naukaasrayaalu vanti aneka maanava nirmita lakshanaalu mariyu edaarulu, adavulu mariyu gaddi bhoomulu vanti bhougolika lakshanaalu laevu. aneka padaalu bhoomi graham yokka lakshanaalanu suuchimchadaaniki parimitam cheyabadaledu, mariyu viswamlooni itara grahalu mariyu saaruupya vastuvula uparitala lakshanaalanu vivarinchadaaniki upayoginchavacchu. parvataalu, kondalu, dhruva sikharaalu mariyu loyalu udaaharanalu, ivi anni bhoogola grahalapai kanipistaayi.
bhuu roopaala shaastreeya adhyayananni bhougolika aakruti shaastram antaaru.
onomastic paribhaashalo, vyaktigata bhuu roopa vastuvula (parvataalu, kondalu, loyalu modalainavi) sthalanaamaalu (bhougolika saraina paerlu).) nuu "oronyms" anie pilustaaru.
iteevali parinaamaalu.
aadhunika upagrahaalu mariyu stereoscopic vaimanika nigha kemeraalu daetaanu sekarinchina konni svayamchaalaka paddhatulanu upayoginchi digital elevation modal (dem) nundi bhuu roopaalanu sekarinchavachhu. iteevala varaku, atuvanti dayta setlalo kanipinche daetaanu sankalanam cheyadaaniki chaalaa gantalapaatu samayam teesukune mariyu khareedaina paddhatulu avasaram. andubaatulo unna atyanta vivaranaatmaka demlanu neerugaa lidar paddhatulanu upayoginchi kolustaaru.

