
cora bhasha

cora anedi sumaru 30,000 mandhi prajalu matlade yooto-aztecon bhasha kutumbaaniki chendina mexico yokka sthaanika bhasha. dheenini cora anie vistrutamgaa piluvabade jaathi samuuham maatlaadutundi, conny vaaru tamanu taamu "nairait" anie piluchukuntaaru. cora mexican raashtramaina nayarit yokka uttara sierra loe nivasistundi, dheeniki daani sthaanika nivaasula paeru pettaru. america samyukta raashtraalloni corado nairuti bhaagamlo cora matladevarilo gananeeyamaina bhaagam pravaasa samajanni erpaatu chesaaru. cora oka madhyaamerikan bhasha mariyu madhyaamerikan bhasha praantaanni nirvachinche aneka lakshanaalanu chooputundi. sthaanika prajala bhasha hakkula saadhaarana chattam prakaram, idhi mexicolo adhe "chellubaatu" unna 62 itara desheeya bhashalu mariyu spaanishtoe paatu "jaateeya bhasha" gaa gurtinchabadindi.
bhougolika pampinhee.
ethnolog cora yokka rendu pradhana roopaalanu vaeru chestundi. okati "cora dell naayar" ledhaa "cora messino" anie piluvabadutundi mariyu idhi pradhanamgaa nayarit ell naayar munisipaaliteeki dakshinaana unna madhya-ettulo unna messa dii naayar mariyu konl gonzeles sthaavaraalalo mariyu chuttupakkala maatlaadabadutundi mariyu sumaru 9,000 mandhi matladevaru (1993 janabha lekkalu) unnaaru. eee rakalu konni madhya gananeeyamaina thedaalu unnaayi mariyu konni muulaalu "cora mariteco" (jeesas maria), "cora presideno" (presidio dii laas rayes), "cora corapeno" (shaan juvan korapan) mariyu "cora fransiskino" (shaan fraansiskoku) madhya thedaanu gurtistaayi. conny ethnolog veeti mariyu "messino" madhya paraspara avagahananu oke bhashaga vargeekarinchadaaniki taginantagaa pariganistundi.
ethnolog gurtinchina itara roopaantaraanni "cora dii shanta terresa" ledhaa "cora terresino" anie pilustaaru mariyu dheenini sumaru 7,000 mandhi prajalu (1993 janabha lekkala prakaram) matladataru, ell naayar uttaraana unna adhika sierra loe ekkuva bhaagam. cora dii shanta terresacu itara cora prasanga sanghaalato paraspara avagahana chaalaa takkuvagaa undhi, ethnolog dheenini pratyeka vaividhyamgaa pariganistundi. iteevali valasala kaaranamgaa paschima corado samyukta rashtraalalo coras yokka oka chinna sangham undhi.
maandalikaalu.
cora matladevaru aidu maandalikaalanu matrame gurtistaaruh cora dii jeesas maria, cora dii messa dii naayar, cora dii sta. terresa, cora dii korapan mariyu cora dii shaan francisco. highland matladevaru precedio dii laas rayes yokka cora itara lothattu community korapan yokka maandalikamtho samanamga untundani mariyu dolores yokka cora sta terresa yokka koraatho samanamga untundani bhaavistaaru.
cora aneka mandalikalalo matladataru, veetilo konni paraspara avagahananu kaligi untaayi. praamaaneekarana kosam antarjaateeya samstha rendu bhashalanu vaeru chestundi, mariyu instituto national dii lengwas indigenas tommidi bhashalanu gurtistundi.
pinome ledhaa totorame, 16va sataabdamloo cora maatlaadataaniki nivedinchabaddaayi.
vargeekarana.
cora bhashaku atyanta daggari bandhuvulu huichol bhasha, idhi kalisi yuto-aztecon bhashala yokka koracholan upasamuuhaanni yerparustundi.
phonology.
cora yokka dhvanisaastram dakshina yuto-aztecon bhashalaku vilakshanamainadi, aidu acchulu mariyu saapekshamgaa saralamaina hallula jaabitaato. ayithe yuto-aztecon bhaashalalo asadhaaranamgaa, cora adhika patanam swaraanni teesukune swarabaddhamaina uchchaaranatoo saadhaarana swara vyavastha ledhaa swara swaraanni abhivruddhi chesindi. krinda ivvabadina dhwani jabita margarita valdovinos dwara jeesas maria nundi cora yokka vislaeshanhah
acchulu.
cora phonologylo aidu viruddhamaina acchulu unnaayi. avih [i ε a ιu]. ayithe, noti madhya bhaagamlo utpatti ayye [ω], [yuu] dhwani taruvaata vachhe dipthanglaku parimitam cheyabadutundi. achulapai swaraalu ottidi sthaanaanni gurtinchadaaniki untaayi. dheeniki oka udaaharana (vh).
monocylables.
monoftongal mariyu dipthongal kalayikalu rendintiloonuu spashtamaina vibhajana undhi. ikkada padaalu paiki lechi, padipovadam dwara vidaakulu teesukuntaayi. ayithe, perugutunna pitch tarachugaa modalga untundi mariyu padipotunna pitch vaividhyaanni chooputundi.
paie pattika kosam upayoginchina sthaayi mariyu perugutunna yeka aksharalu krindi pattikalo pradarsinchabaddaayi.
diguva padipotunna yeka aksharalu unnaayi. paie rendu pataalaku sambandhinchinadi.
asamarthulu.
disilables anedi ottidi yokka prastuta parimaanaalaku jodistundi. cora phonologylo prarambha mariyu chivari ottidi saadhaaranam. eee ottillu, konnisaarlu, sambhaashana suuchanalugaa upayogapadataayi. sankethaalu adhika-swaram gala ottiditoe kuudina aksharalaku parimitam kaavu, taruvaata ottidi lekunda migilipoyina tudi aksharam yokka vikarshanam. padam mariyu aksharam yokka vyavadhi kooda ottidi unna pradaesamloe paatranu kaligi untundi, endukante idhi apasavyalaku sambandhinchinadi.
vyaakaranam.
cora anedi oka kriya-prarambha bhasha; daani vyaakaranam agglutinative mariyu polycynthetic, mukhyamgaa aneka anubandhalu mariyu clitics thoo kriyalanu prabhaavitam chestundi. aneka anubandha clitics unnaayi, veetini relational namavachakalaga kooda upayoginchavacchu. vividha rakaala subject mariyu object marking anevi padha kramam, samayochiteekarana mariyu sthaanabhramsham prakriyala vanti vaakyanirmaana lakshanaala paraspara charya dwara cora bhaashalo vyaakarana sambandhaalanu yerparustaayi. kaaraka nirmaanaalu mariyu kaaraka mariyu kaaranamu yokka vyaakarana encodingnu ardham chesukovadaniki idhi mukhyam. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, vyaakarana lakshanaalu oka shabda aadharaanni sthiramaina, asthiramaina ledhaa parivartanaseelamainavigaa gurtinchadaaniki anumatinche prakriyanu proses cheyadaaniki kaarana prakriya prakriyalanu ardham chesukovadam yokka praamukhyata, idhi praathamika padaala ardha mariyu adhikaarika sabhyatvam prakaram erpaatu cheyabadina prakriyala kaaranamgaa untundi. cora bhaashalo, agent shabda sthaavaraalanu parishkarinchadam ardha vaividhyam kanipinchadaaniki daariteestundi, idhi padanirmaana kaaranaalanu nirminchadaaniki addamkulanu edurkovadamlo phalitaanni istundi.
naamamaatrapu padanirmaana shaastram.
namavachakalu swaadheenam kosam gurtinchabaddaayi mariyu aneka vibhina bahuvachana namuunaalanu pradarsistaayi.
bahuvachanam.
namavachakala yokka vividha taragatulu bahuvachananni vividha paddhatullo gurtistaayi. atyanta saadhaarana maargam pratyayaala dwara-bahuvachanaaniki upayoginche pratyayaala krindivi-"thee",-"mwa",-"mwa",-"tse",-"tsi",-"kuu",-"suu",-"sae",-"sii",-"rii" mariyu-"ii". bahuvachananni roopondinchadaaniki itara margalu namavachakam yokka kaandam yokka tudi acchunu tagginchadam dwara ledhaa uchchaarananu oka aksharam nundi maroka aksharaniki marchadam dwara. maroka taragati rachanalu vaati bahuvachanaalanu bharti dwara yerparustaayi.
pratyaya bahuvachanam.
muwa mariyu muwa" anae pratyayam saadhaaranamgaa prajalanu suuchimchadaaniki matrame upayoginchabadutundi. itara pratyayaalalo-tze,-tzi,-cund,-sund,-sse, -si, -ri, mariyu-i unnaayi.
"prati okkati udaaharanalu" ""
bahuvachana itara roopaalu.
acchunu reduplicate cheyadam dwara kooda bahuvachananni suuchimchavachchuh
yaasala vadakam dwara kooda bahuvachanam suuchimchabadutumdi.  
padaalanu ekavachanam nundi bahuvachanaaniki marchadam dwara oka padaanni puurtigaa bhinnamaina padamgaa marchadam dwara kooda bahuvachananni suuchistaaru.  
swaadheenam.
kaligi unna naamavaachakaalaku vyakti mariyu vaari yajamani sankhyanu vyakteekarinchae upasargatho gurtistaaru. 
modati vyakti ekavachanaanni vyakteekarinchae upasarga roopaalu "neey"-, "naa"-, ledhaa "nii"-, rendava vyakti ekavachanaaniki idhi "eah"-, "mwa"-, "eah 'eah"-. moodava vyakti ekavachanam "ruu"-anae upasargatho gurtinchabadutundi. modati vyakti bahuvachanam kaligi unna vyaktini "taa"-upasargatho, rendava vyakti bahuvachanam "haha 'amwa"-thoo mariyu moodava vyakti bahuvachanam "vaa"-thoo gurtistaaru. inca, rendu pratyayamulu unnaayi. okati,-"raan" anedi oka obiative ledhaa nalgava vyaktini kaligi unna vyaktini gurtinchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi. marokati-"mea 'enn" anedi ekaswamya yajamani yokka bahuvachana swaadheenaanni gurtinchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi.
moukhika padanirmaana shaastram.
kriyalu vyaktiki mariyu vishayam yokka sankhyaku mariyu 3 va vyakti nirjeeva vastuvulaku pratyaksha vastuvu mariyu vastuvu upasargalu kooda vastuvu yokka praathamika aakaraanni chuuputaayi. kriyalu kooda sthaanam mariyu dhisha kosam suuchimchabadataayi. cora bhaashalooni kriyalu kooda sthaanaalu, prajalu, dhisha mariyu samayam madhya thedaanu gurtinchadaaniki upayogistaaru.
vishayam upasargalu.
"udaaharanakih"
zaa 'atjuwak eah' eah nuja 'yume = all raato mea voy = neenu taruvaata veltaanu
katju = esta dormido = athanu nidristunnadu
object upasargalu.
"udaaharanakih"
natapajibe = regalame = naaku bahumati
zaa 'achune timu' chaa 'undre = quanto teey deb?   = athanu meeku entha runapadi unnadu?
pekararu = noo loe hagas!         = alaa cheyavaddu!
swaadheena namavachakalu.
mea-" anae upasarga cora bhaashalo moodu roopaalanu kaligi undih neey, nii, mariyu naa. eee upasarga yokka vaividhyaalu namavachakala yokka vividha taragatulalo kanipistaayi.
meeru" anae upasarga eethar dwara soochinchabadutundih a, mwaʼa, mariyu aʼa.
vaakyanirmaanam.
typologicalga cora aasaktikaramgaa untundi endukante idhi oka vaso bhasha, conny post positionlanu kooda kaligi undhi, idhi arudaina cross-linguisticga untundi, conny konni yuto-aztecon bhaashalalo (papago, tepuhan mariyu nahuwal yokka konni maandalikaalu) sambhavistundi. oka vso kramam anedi kriya, vishayam mariyu vastuvu. eee rakamaina vaakyanirmaana roopam cora bhaashalo atyanta saadhaaranamainadi. konni padaalu, padabandhaalu mariyu sabdaalaku praadhaanyatanivvadaaniki vso nirmaanaanni maarchavacchu.
paroksha vastuvu praadhaanyata kosam praarambhaaniki taralinchabadindihi
sthaanaalu mariyu taatkaalikaalu praadhaanyata kosam vaakyam praarambhaaniki taralinchabaddaayih
samaana vakyalalo kanipinche praamukhyatah
oka visaeshanhaanni ledhaa kriyaavishaeshanaanni vaakya-tudi sthaanaaniki taralinchadam dwara mariyu daaniki drudamaina swaram ivvadam dwara nirantara nirmaanaanni cheyavachuhu
sarvanama kaapeelu.
subject sarvanama pratyayam spashtamaina subjectutho saha-sambhavinchavachhuh
oka sarvanamam upayoginchadam dwara vishayam punaraavrutam cheyabadindihi
drushti kendrikarinchandi.
drushti anedi "idhe okati" ledhaa "athanu swayamgaa okadu" anie choopinche oka rakamaina praadhaanyata.
nirantara nirmaanam mariyu nirantara nirmaanam madhya polikaku udaaharanalu
anuvartanam.
saaruupya vyaakarana vidhulanu kaligi unna rendu namavachakalu ledhaa namavachaka padabandhaalu okadaanikokati pakkana raavacchu, rendavadi modatidaanni marinta vivaristundihi
anuvartanaanni oka pradarsanaatmaka sarvanamam mundu unna swaadheena sarvanamam dwara kooda chudavachuhu
oka vakyanni vividha margallo punaraavrutam cheyadam dwara kooda opposition praadhaanyata ivvagaladu.
vaida.
postpositionlu neerugaa oka rakamaina sarvanama punaadiki jodinchabadataayi, idhi yuto-aztecon bhaashalo atyanta saadhaarana namuunaa.
oka naamavaachakaaniki neerugaa oka postpositionnu pratyayam cheyadamh
vaa-nuu moodava vyakti bahuvachanam postpositional vastuvugaa upayogistaaruh
viloma sarvanama-coppy nirmaanam
koraalo upayoginche moodava vyakti postpositional bays ruu-. koraalo chaalaa postpositionlu heey-thoo praarambhamavutaayi (ledhaa adhi haa-kaavacchu, taruvaata vachhe acchu saamarasyamgaa unnappudu).
paroksha sarvanama-coppy nirmaanam
koraalo, prii-ledhaa postpositionlu vaati roopamlo chaalaa pooli untaayi, conny postpositionlu saadhaaranamgaa kattubadi untaayi mariyu prepositionlu uchita roopaalu. eee jantalanu eee krindi udaaharanala dwara vivarinchavacchuhu
sanklishta postpositional roopam yokka sabhyudu-naa
cora bhaashalo praadaesika bhavanalu.
cora bhasha daani bhaashalo postpositionla sanklishta vyavasthanu kaligi undhi. lopala' mariyu 'velupala' vanti padaalu vaatini veruchese pratyeka gurtulanu kaligi untaayi. bayata vargeekarinchadaaniki, cora prajalu mugimpu marphim "yuu" nuu upayogistaaru, lopala marphim "eah" nuu upayogistaaru.
lopali mariyu bayati puurvapadaalu ellappuduu spashtamgaa undakapovachhu, konni sandarbhaallo avi sampuurnamgaa kakunda saapekshamgaa varninchabadavacchu. deep anae padaanni "yuu" ledhaa "eah" marphim upayoginchi vargeekarinchavachhu.
disaatmaka suuchikalu.
charya ekkada jarugutundo suuchimchadaaniki upayogistaaru
media.
cora-bhasha kaaryakramaalanu cdi yokka radeo station jezman-aam nirvahistundi, idhi jeesas maria, nayarit nundi prasaram chestundi.

