
ppp

braun theega, newzealand theega ledhaa newzealand titemouse anie kooda piluvabade ppp (; mohouwa novasilandia), newzealand dakshina dveepaaniki chendina oka chinna passerin pakshi. avi pratyaekamaina purugumandulu, kommalu mariyu aakula nundi keetakaalanu pandistaayi. aaharam tinipinchetappudu talakrindulugaa velaadadeeyadaaniki vatiki balamaina kaallu mariyu kaali vellu untaayi.
vargeekarana.
1789loe german prakruti shaastravetta johann friedrich gymeline carle linneus yokka "systema nechure" yokka savarinchina mariyu vistarinchina sanchikalo pppni adhikarikamga vivarinchaadu. athanu daanini "paras" jaatilooni rommulatho unchi, "paras novasilandia" anae dvipada paerunu roopondinchaadu. 1783loe aangla pakshula shaastravetta zaan latham thana pustakam "eah general synopsis off birds" loe vivarinchina "nyuu-newzealand titemouse" paie gymeline thana vivarananu aadharam chesukunnadu. prakruti shaastravetta joseph byaankulu lathamku pasiphik mahaasamudraaniki james cook thana rendava samudrayaanamlo thodugaa vacchina georg forster pakshi yokka jalavarna chitralekhanaanni andinchaaru. eee namuunaanu 1773loe newzealand nairuti teeramlo cheekati sabdam vadda sekarinchaaru. eee chitram ippudu eee jaatiki holotypega undhi mariyu landanlooni sahaja charitra museum sekaranalo undhi. 1837loe french prakruti shaastravetta rene paatham pravesapettina "mohouwa" jaatilo ppp ippudu tellati thala mariyu pasupu thalatho unchabadindi. eee jaathi ekaroopamainadih upajaatulu gurtinchabadaledu.
ppp gatamlo daani swantha jaathi "fincia" loe unchabadindi. 2013loe prachurinchina paramaanu janyu adhyayanam phalitaala aadhaaramgaa dheenini "mohouwa" jaatiki marcharu, indulo ppp pasupu thala mariyu tella thalatho daggari sambandham kaligi undani kanugonnaru.
"ppp" anae paerunu antarjaateeya pakshula saastravettala sangham (aiosi) adhikaarika saadhaarana paerugaa perkondi. eee rendu jaatulu daggari sambandham laenappatikee, eee jaathi uttara americaloni godhuma theega "serthia americana" thoo daani saadhaarana paerunu panchukuntundi.
vivarana.
pakshi eguva bhaagamlo godhuma mariyu chestnut yokka vecchani misramam, diguva bhaagam gamaninchadagga laetha godhuma rangulo untundi. thala anedi chestnut godhuma mariyu muduru godhuma rangu macchalu mariyu chaaralatho kuudina macchala misramam. daani venuka unna mukham mariyu praantaalu buudida/muduru buudida rangulo undavacchu. telupu kanti chaara godhuma theega yokka maroka pratyeka lakshanam. kaallu mariyu mukku gulabi-buudida/godhuma rangulo untaayi. thoka podavugaa, pagilinadigaa untundi mariyu kona vadda vilakshanhamaina muduru patteeni kaligi untundi mariyu kallu muduru erupu godhuma rangulo untaayi.
lingaalu mariyu baalintalu roopaanni chaalaa pooli untaayi. baluraku pasupu rangu notlu mariyu muduru godhuma rangu kaallu unnanduna mae nela mundu baluranu peddala nundi vaeru cheyavachu. budidarangu thala kaligi undatam dwara baluranu vaeru cheyavachu, antey.ii. kanti venuka tellati chaara lekapovadam thoo paatu, takkuva erupu-godhuma rangu.
magavi sagatuna 13.5 graamulu baruvu undagaa, aadavi sagatuna 11 graamulu baruvu untaayi. godhuma rangu teegalu sumaru 13 centimeters parimaanamlo untaayi.
vesavi chivaralo godhuma rangu teegalu molakettutaayi. samvatsaramlo godhuma theega rojanta swaram laeni ekaika samayam idhi.
saapekshamgaa saadhaaranamainappatikii, eee jaatilooni moodu jaatulalo godhuma teegalu athi takkuvagaa telisinavi. avi tarachugaa vinabadatam, conny chetla pandiri madhya nivasistunnanduna mariyu arudugaa neelapai tinevigaa kanipinchakapovadam dheeniki kaaranam. itara chinna pakshi jaatulato poliste vaari sambhaashana paata kooda saapekshamgaa aspashtamgaa (rospie calls) untundi, tadwara vaatini gurtinchadam marinta kashtam.
paata paadandi.
godhuma rangu teegalu vesavi chivaralo tappa edaadi podavunaa swaramgaa untaayi. maga godhuma rangu teegalu matrame podavaina praadaesika patanu andinchadamtho vasantakaalamlo praadaesika paatalu garishta sthaayiki cherukuntaayi. eee paata pakshula nundi pakshulaku maarutuu untundi. maga paata apasabdaalu, sangeeta eelalu mariyu kathinamaina swaraala mishramamgaa untundi, ayithe aada pataga chivari swaram adhika swaram mariyu podavaina sankshipta swaraala vegavantamaina kramam untundi.
godhuma theega paatalo chinna mariyu aakarshanheeyamaina warbles untaayi, ivi itara jaatula nundi chaalaa bhinnamgaa untaayi, ayithe "sambhaashanhaatmaka chaatar" nuu itara chinna bush nivaasa pakshulaku sulabhamgaa gandaragolaniki guri cheyavachu.
pampinhee mariyu aavasalu.
vanta jalasandhiki dakshinaana, newzealand vistrutamgaa vistarinchi undhi, conny dakshina dveepamlooni adavulalo paacheega undhi, konni vivikta janabha oddula dveepakalpam, enty peal, vetagaalla konda mariyu otaago antataa pradaesaalaloo konasaagutundi. feordlandloni konni teerapraanta dveepaalalo (karyadarshi, spashtata mariyu chaakilii) mariyu marlbero sabdaalu (dii 'arville, arapava mariyu moud) saadhaaranam. stewart dveepam mariyu daani chuttupakkala dveepaalalo (ulwa mariyu eshaanya mattan burd) vistrutamgaa kanipistundi. godhuma teegalu mukhyamgaa codd fish dveepamlo samruddhiga untaayi.
godhuma teegalu vividha rakaala aavasalalo nivasistaayi. veetilo sthaanika beach mariyu podocorp adavulu, anyadesa thotalatho paatu villo, gors mariyu cheepuru, punarutpaadaka adavi, manuka/kanuka podha adavulu, thoorpuna unna nadhee samatalaalu mariyu ettaina parvata/vendi beach mariyu parvathaalaloni erupu/vendi beach adavulu unnaayi. vaaru samudram nundi treline varaku praantaalalo santoshamgaa nivasistaaru. dakshina dveepamlo vaariki ishtamaina praantam dakshina alps parvata shrenulaku paschimaana mariyu uttaraana alaage feord land. marlbero mariyu canterburyloni podi podha adavulu kooda godhuma teegalaku saadhaarana aavasalu. adhika ettulo santanotpatti chese godhuma teegalu lothattu praantaalaku vacchi sheethaakaalamlo mandalanu yerparustaayi. adhi kakunda vaaru valasadaarulu kaadu.
chinna pillalanu penchadaaniki goollanu srushtinche vishayaniki vasthe, godhuma rangu teegalu adavi pandiri meeda dattamaina vrukshasampadanu ishtapadataayi.
europeanlu nyoojilaandku vachinappudu avi baga taggai mariyu idhi lothattu adavula naasanam valla sambhavinchindani bhaavistunnaaru. nyoojilaandlo taginanta lothattu adavulu migili unte avi kooda akkada kanipistaayani evarainaa anukovacchu.
pravartana mariyu paryaavaranam.
santanotpatti.
godhuma teegalu ekasvaamyamainavi mariyu adhika sthaayi sahacharula viswasaneeyatanu pradarsistaayi. saadhaarana bhagaswamy marpidi ledhaa vidaakulaku badulugaa vaari munupati bhagaswamy maraninchinatlayithe matrame vaaru saadhaaranamgaa sahacharulanu maarustaaru. jantalu santanotpatti kaalamlo tama bhoobhaganni balamgaa rakshinchukuntaayi mariyu migilina samvatsaramlo kooda kontavaraku rakshinchukuntaayi. jantalu tama bandhaanni konasaaginchadaaniki mariyu balopetam cheyadaaniki yugalageetaalanu pradarsistaaru.
septembarulo aadavi beradu, kommalu, gaddi, naachu, aakulu, aaku asthipanjaraalu mariyu likenlatho goodu kattutaayi, ivanni cobweblatho mudipadi, gaddi, eekalu mariyu unnitho kappabadi untaayi. goodu oka lothaina kappu aakaaramlo untundi mariyu saadhaaranamgaa nirminchadaaniki 5-17 rojula madhya padutundi. goodu dattamaina pandiri vrukshasampada, podalu ledhaa neelaku 1 mea mariyu 10 mea madhya unna takkuva chetlatho nirminchabadindi. eee goodu nirmaana dasalo alaage guddu vaeyadaaniki 2-3 rojula mundu maga aadavaadini kaapaadutundi.
godhuma teegalu september chivari nundi fibravari prarambham varaku gudlu pettagalavu. gudlu pettadaniki mundu rendu moodu rojula paatu matrame kakunda, aadavi pette modati bhaagamlo kooda magavaallu aadavallanu kaapaadataaru. aada godhuma rangu teegalu saadhaaranamgaa october praarambhamlo mariyu november chivarilo guddu pette sikharaalato prati seasonku rendu baari pattukuntaayi. oka seasonlo goodu praarambhamlo viphalamaithe avi naalugu baari varaku pattukovachhu, conny avi eppuduu rendu gudla baarine penchutaayi.
godhuma rangu teegalu 24 gantala vyavadhilo 2 nundi 4 gudlu kaligi untaayi. guddu parimaanam 18.5mm x 14mm mariyu sagatuna 1.9 graamula baruvu untundi. aada gudlu podugukune varaku 17-21 rojula paatu ontarigaa gudlanu podigistundi.
gudlu telupu-muduru gulabi rangulo untaayi mariyu errati godhuma rangulo untaayi. ivi sumaru 2 centimeters podavu untaayi.
rendu pakshulu chinnapillalaku sumaru 18-22 rojula vayassulo rekkalu vaeyadaaniki siddhamgaa unde varaku aaharam istayi. aadadi rendava clutchnu podiginchadam praarambhinchina tarvaata magadi swaadheenam chesukuni, rekkalu unnavaariki aaharam ivvadam konasaagistundi. karuvu paristhitulalo godhuma teegalu sahakaara pempakaanni choopinche udaaharanalu unnaayi. vaari goodu katte prayatnaalu viphalamaithe, vaaru maroka gooduku aaharaanni andinchadam praarambhistaaru, alaage vijayavantamaina godhuma theega janta kodipillalanu penchadamlo sahaayapadataaru. chinna pakshulu swatantramgaa maaradaaniki mundu sheethaakaalam chivari varaku (35-65 rojulu) vaatini tinipistaaru. vesavi nelallo godhuma teegalu tama kante chaalaa pedda podavati thoka gala kokila kodipillaku aaharam ivvadam kooda chudavachu. dakshina dveepam mariyu stewart dveepamlo podavati thoka gala kokilalaku godhuma teegalu pradhana aatidhyam istayi.
chinna pakshulu swatantramgaa maarina tarvaata avi aaa samvatsaram nundi saradrutuvu mariyu sheethaakaalam varaku migilina pillalatho samuuhaalanu yerparustaayi. eee mandalu 60 pakshulanu kaligi untaayi mariyu tarachugaa fantails, gray warblers, sylver ice mariyu bell birds vanti itara atavee pakshi jaatulato militam cheyabadataayi. baalintalu oka samvatsaram tarvaata santanotpatti cheyavachu. baaluraina magavaaru tama patanu porugu magavaari nundi neerchukuntaaru, vaari tallidandrula nundi kaadu. goodu nundi bayataku vacchina modati vaaramlo, baalintalu pagatipuuta kalisi untaaru, tadwara vaari thoka eekalu perugutaayi mariyu vaati rekkalu balamgaa maarataayi.
gudlalo 63 saatam podugutaayi mariyu veetilo 36 saatam remmalu avtayi. guddu nashtamlo 62 saatam mariyu goodu nashtamlo 66 saatam vetaku kaaranam kaavacchu. godhuma teegalu mottam vijaya raetu 1.6 retlu/vayojana/samvatsaram kaligi untaayi. kaikouraalo, vayojana manugada raetlu 82 saatam mariyu godhuma theega ayurdayam 5 samvatsaraalu.
aaharam mariyu aaharam.
godhuma teegalu pradhanamgaa akasherukaalanu tintaayi, conny vaati aahaaramlo pandlanu chaerchadaaniki prasiddhi chendaayi. beatles, chimmatalu, salepurugulu, eegalu mariyu gongali purugulu vaati pradhana aaharam. vaaru coprosma vanti sthaanikula pandina pandlanu kooda tintaaru. mukhyamgaa saradrutuvulo pandlu tinadam sarvasaadhaaranam.
godhuma rangu teegalu pandiri looni chinna kommalu mariyu aakula nundi akasherukaalanu sekarinche avakaasam ekkuvagaa untundi, ayinappatikee avi akasherukaalaku metha kosam konnisaarlu kommala nundi talakrindulugaa velaadataayi. akasherukaalaku metha kosam kotha anedi atyanta saadhaarana roopam ayinappatikee, godhuma teegalu vadulugaa unna beradu kinda ledhaa pedda kommalapai akasherukaalanu kooda tintaayi. avi arudugaa matrame methagaa undi, naela nundi 2 meterla kante ekkuva methagaa tinadaaniki ishtapadataayi. pakshulu konnisaarlu vaati santanotpatti jatalalo metha vestaayi, conny saadhaaranamgaa 3-12 pakshula mandalalo metha vestaayi. eee mandalalo saadhaaranamgaa santanotpatti kaalam velupala unnappudu vadulugaa unde kutumba samuuhaalu, baalintalu mariyu appudappudu itara jantalu untaayi. santanotpatti kaalamlo jantalu tama bhoobhaagamlo kalisi metha vaestaaru.
godhuma teegalo, mukhyamgaa mukku parimaanamlo laingika masakabaradam, vyaktula madhya pootiini taggistundani kooda bhaavistunnaaru, endukante saadhaaranamgaa pedda mukkulu unna magavaariki vistruta shreni aaharam andubaatulo untundi.
maamsaahaarulu, paraannajeevulu mariyu vyaadhulu.
paraannajeevulu-podavati thoka gala kokila.
dakshina dveepam mariyu stewart dveepamlo podavati thokagala kokilaku godhuma teegalu pradhana atidheyalalo okati mariyu konnisaarlu vesavi nelallo chaalaa pedda kokila kodipillaku aaharam ivvadam chudavachu. prakaasinchae kokilalu dwara kooda vaatini parannajeevigaa maarchavacchu. godhuma teegalu vaati goollalo podavati thoka gala kokila gudlanu tiraskarinche adhika retunu kaligi untaayi. dheeniki kaaranam godhuma teegalu muusina ledhaa kuharapu goodu kakunda bahiranga goodu kaligi undatam. bahiranga goodu kaligi undatam valla marinta kaanti lopaliki pravesinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi mariyu pakshulu videshee guddunu gamaninche avakaasaanni penchutundi. ivanni unnappatikee podavati thoka gala kokila chaalaa pratyaekamaina host mariyu godhuma teegala gudlanu anukarinchadaaniki enchukuntundi. godhuma teegalu, avi nivaarana roopamgaa vasanta mariyu vesavilo unnappudu podavati thoka gala kokilalu kooda unnaayi. gumpugaa unde pakshulu okkokkati heccharika kaalsnu utpatti chestaayi, veetini mottam manda predator chuttoo vintundi mariyu pratispandistundi, rekkalu mariyu thokalu nitaruga untaayi, perchla madhya dookuthoo mariyu predator dhooramgaa vellae varaku pilustaayi. godhuma teegalu pillulu, stotlu, elukalu, pedda pakshulu mariyu maanavulanu kooda gumpugaa kottadam gamaninchabadindi.
european settlement.
pillulu, elukalu mariyu mustelidla parichayam kaaranamgaa european settlement tarvaata godhuma theega sankhyalu taggai. godhuma teegala gudlu mariyu chinnavi ekkuvagaa stotlu mariyu nalla elukalache mundugaa untaayi. godhuma theega sankhya kooda mukhyamaina lothattu adavulanu kolpovadam valla pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitamaindi. ayithe, vaati prastuta pampinhee sthiramgaa unnatlu telustondi.
navvutunna gudlagoobalu 1930-40la nundi ippudu antarinchipooyaayi. vaati aahara nikshepaala shilaja recordula dwara avi godhuma teegalanu vetaadi undevani choopabadindi.
itara samacharam.
videshee gudlanu gurtinchadaaniki yuvi light vision upayoginchadam.
podavati thoka gala kokila gudlanu gurtinche godhuma teegala saamardhyamlo yuvi tarangadairghya kaantini upayoginchadaanni soochinche konni parisoedhanalu jarigaayi. godhuma teegalu podavati thoka gala kokila gudlanu tiraskaristaayi, ayithe godhuma teegalaku daggari bandhuvulu ayina pasupu talalu mariyu tellati talalu tiraskarinchavu. godhuma theega mariyu pasupu thala rendintiloonuu swalpa-tarangadairghya sunnitamaina (ess. doubleu. ess. 1) opsin janyuvu ledani parisoedhanaloo telindi, idhi chudagalige kaanti shrenipai pedda prabhavalanu chooputundi. idhi oka jeevi yuvi paridhiloo ledhaa velupala entha dhooram chudagalado prabhaavitam chestundi, idhi mohouwa esppi paramgaa. (mohouwa esppi. godhuma teegalu kutumbaaniki chendinavi) podavati thoka gala kokilala nundi videshee gudlanu gurtinchadaaniki rangu suuchanalanu upayoginche saamarthyaanni prabhaavitam chestundi. eee janyuparamaina maarpula yokka samalakshana prabhavalapai nijamaina avagahana pondadaaniki marinta pravartanaa parisoedhana avasaramane vaastavamtho parisoedhana mugisindi. godhuma theega podavati thoka gala kokila gudlanu mariyu itara jaatulanu enduku tiraskarinchadu anedi idhi vivaristundi.
paata mandalikam.
ververu godhuma theega janaabhaaku ververu maandalikaalu unnaayi, udaaharanaku, stevert dveepamlooni janaabhaaku mount cook parvataalu diguvana unna janabha kante konchem bhinnamaina paata untundi. godhuma theega yokka sambhaashana pravartana chuttoo unna oka parisoedhanaa prajectlo, maga godhuma theega marinta gananeeyamgaa spandistundani kanugonabadindi (antey.ii.athanu gurtinchina pakshi (porugu bhuubhaagaaniki chendina pakshi) kante, adhe mandalikam kaligina teliyani pakshi uniki chuttoo biggaraga paadandi. eee aavishkarana godhuma teegalu praadaesika pakshulu anae aalochananu penchutundi.
ppp mariyu maanavulu.
19va sataabdam chivaralo ppp mandalu inca samruddhiga unnappudu, vaaru appudappudu gorrela stationlalo kabelaallo digutaaru, appudu gorrela maamsam tinadaaniki aaharam takkuvagaa undedi.