
athenslo, athani bahishkaranapai

athenslo, athani bahishkarana ledhaa athani bahishkaranapai (, aadhunika carporalo 13va vachanam) anedi deo chrysostome prasangam ledhaa prasangam-sakalam, idhi athenslo ivvabadindi, bahusha cree. sha. 101loe. daanilo, deo bahishkarinchabadina thana anubhavam mariyu socreties tatvasaastramlo athanu elaa odaarpunu pondado charchistaadu. greekula vanti saamskrutika vidya ledhaa romanla vanti sampada mariyu shakti kante greekulanu mariyu rome prajalanu kooda adhe vidhamgaa cheyaalani mariyu dweshapurita naitika tatvaanni anusarinchaalani ayana salaha istaaru.
nepathyam.
prarambha flavian kaalamlo (AD 69-96), deo chrysostome bithiniyaaloni thana swasthalamaina prusaalo mariyu rome nagaramlo kooda oka mukhyamaina raajakeeyavetta. ayithe, chakravarthy domician athani sonta provins bithinia nundi bahishkarinchaadu. chakravarthiki vyatiraekamgaa kutra panninanduku doshigaa theelina vyaktiki taanu "snehitudu mariyu salahaadaaru" ayinanduvallane ilaa jarigindani deo chepparu (section 1). idhi saadhaaranamgaa cree. sha. 82 ledhaa 83 loe titus flavius sabinus yokka amalutho mudipadi untundi, ayithe 80 laloe lucius salvius odho coxianus yokka amalu vanti itara avakaasaalu suuchimchabaddaayi. eee prasangam mariyu itara prasamgaalalo chellacheduruga unna vyaakhyalu matrame bahishkaranaku muulaalu. cree. sha. 96loe domician hatya mariyu nervaanu vileenam chesina taruvaata, bahishkarana raddu cheyabadindi mariyu deo intiki tirigi raavadaaniki anumatinchabadindi. aaa tarvaata koddisepatike eee prasangam chesaaru.
saaraamsam.
prasamgaanni vividha margallo vibhagaluga vibhajinchavachhu. vibhagalu 1-28 greeku samskrutipai mariyu vibhagalu 29-37 rompai drushti pedataayi. nepathyaparamgaa, moodu bhagalu unnaih bahishkarinchabadatam patla deo yokka prarambha pratispandana (vibhagam 1-13), saampradaaya greeku vidyapai (14-27) adhika drushti pettadanni vimarsistuu sokrateesku aapaadinchabadina mariyu athenianlanu lakshyamgaa chesukunna prasangam, mariyu sampadapai adhika drushti pettadanni vimarsistuu romanlaku maroka sacretic prasangam (29-37). pratyamnaayamgaa, mollu naalugu bhagala nirmaanaanni pratipaadistaaruh deo thana bahishkaranaku pratispandana (1-11), deo (12) kuu prajala prasnalu, socreties (13-28) nuu anukarinchadamlo deo pratispandana, mariyu eee antardrushtulanu rome (29-37) kuu vartimpajeyadaaniki deo chesina prayatnam.
praarambhamlo, deo thana bahishkarana vaastavaanni kluptamgaa prastaavinchi thana manasika sthithiki veltaadu. bahishkarana anedi prajalandarikee kashtama ledhaa (2) daanini edurkovadaniki margalu unnaya anie ayana aalochinchaaru, oka vaipu odissius mariyu orestes vanti aadarsapraayamaina nayakulu daani nundi tappinchukovadaaniki goppa pooraataalaku paalpaddaarani (3-6), marovaipu delphi yokka daivokti croesusku swachchandamgaa bahishkaranaku vellamani salaha ichindani, antey apolo devudu daanini maranam kante uttamamaina vidhiga bhaavinchi undaali (6-8). anduvalla deo swayamgaa daivasaastraanni sampradinchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu mariyu
anduvalla, deo vinayapoorvakamaina dustulanu dharinchi chuttoo tirigaadu (11). idhi prajalu aayananu tatvavettagaa pariganinchi, taatvika vishayaalapai maatlaadataaniki aahvaaninchadaaniki daariteesindi. prajalaku edhi sarainadi mariyu vaaru dhenitho prayojanam pondhe avakaasam undhi anae daanipai charchinchagaligela athanu tatvasaastram neerchukoevalasi vachindi (13). dabbu, keerti mariyu saareeraka anandalapai drushti pettadam nundi prajalanu dhooram cheyadaaniki taanu prayatninchaanani deo chepparu. athanu dheeniki socreties (13-15) kaaranamani paerkonnaadu. 
rendava bhaagamlo, athanu socreties athenionlaku ichhevaarani, mariyu athanu sokrateesku aapaadinchaadani cheppe rakamaina prasamgaanni praarambhistaadu. eee vibhagam yokka drushti puraatana greeku vidya ("paidia") yokka saampradaaya bhagalapai vimarsalu, antey sitaara adatam, vyaayaamasaalalo kusti adatam, chadavadam mariyu vrayadam neerchukoevadam mariyu shaastreeya saahityam (17-19) gurinchi telusukovadam, vaaru telusukovalasina vatiki badulugao
itara saadhanala yokka panikiraanidi puraanam dwara choopabadindihi atrius, agamemnon mariyu oodipas vanti dhanavanthulu sampadanu duradrushtam nundi rakshinchaledu, ledhaa sangeeta ghnaanam taamirisnu rakshinchaledu, mariyu rachana mariyu ganitaanni kanipettadam valla palamedisnu kooda rakshinchaledu (20-21). learning oratory anedi statesmenshipku pratyaamnaayam kaadu (22). aadarsapraayamaina vidya athenianlu pertian yuddhaalanu gelavadaniki sahayapadindane vaadananu deo tiraskarinchaaru; dheeniki kaaranam parshiyanlaku kooda tatvasaastram elaa cheyaalo teliyakapovadam (23-26). mahimagala mariyu manchi" ("kalos kagatos") elaa undaalane agnaanam siggupadela pariganinchabadutundani mariyu aaa tatvasaastram ("paidia" kaadu) "mahimagala mariyu manchi" (27-28) elaa undaalane ghnaanaaniki nijamaina muulam anie ayana muginchaaru.
oka sankshipta vantenalo, deo eee rakamaina upanyaasam "paatha shaili mariyu saralamainadi" kaavacchu, ayinappatikee dheeniki nijam undani, thana sonta vyaktilo matladatam kante socreties vyaktitvamlo matladatam surakshitamani bhaavinchaadani, paatha shaili mariyu muurkhamgaa pariganhinchabadutunnaadani paerkonnaadu (27-31). aaa taruvaata athanu romlo ichhe socretic prasamgaanni praarambhistaadu (pravaasamlo unnappudu athanu deenni elaa cheyagalado aspashtamgaa undhi), roman, greek, sythian ledhaa bhaaratheeyulaina upaadhyaayulanu kanugonamani romanlanu prerepistaadu, vaariki sweeya niyantrana ("sophrosine"), purusha dharmam ("andrea") mariyu nyayam ("decosine") neerpinchadaaniki, atuvanti upaadhyaayudini vaari aatma kosam vaidyuditho polchadam (32-33). eee vidhamgaa matrame rome "goppa, balamaina mariyu nijamaina nayakulu" (34) gaa undagaladu. vilaasaaniki badulugaa dharmampai drushti pettadam valla adhika janabha thoo rome yokka samasyalanu parishkaristundani, nagaranni adhika baruvutho nindina odatho polchavacchani ayana paerkonnaaru (35). sampadanu sekarinchadamlo, rome vipattunu matrame aahvaanistundi, gaalulanu aakarshinchadaaniki mariyu daanini veliginchadaaniki akiles patroclus antyakriyala chitapai nidhulanu pogu cheyadam vantidi (36). chivaraku, romanlu ippatike anni rakaala sainika gnaanaanni praaveenyam pondaarani, vaariki tatvasaastram kooda neerchukunee saamarthyam undani choopistundani ayana muginchaaru.
prasangam akasmaattugaa vichchinnamavutundi mariyu mugimpu kolpoyinatlu kanipistundi. ayithe, kolpoyina vibhagam ekkuva kaalam ledani, pani "gananeeyamgaa puurtayindani" zaan molls vaadinchaaru."
vislaeshanha.
zaan molls "prasangam yokka srujanaatmakata mariyu taatvika naipunhyam", alaage "vaividhyamaina itivruttaalanu sanklishtamaina aikyatagaa nese vidhananni nokki chepparu."greeku saamskrutika abhyasam mariyu roman sainika sikshana rendintinee oka dweshapurita tatwavetta yokka naitika mariyu taatvika shikshanhato bharti cheyadaaniki prasangam yokka mottam uddesyaanni ayana oka vaadanagaa chustadu.
deo thana prasangam yokka rendava bhaagamlo pradarsinche "sokratik" prasangam "clitophone" nundi udbhavinchinatlu kanipistundi, idhi saampradayakamgaa platoku aapaadinchabadina oka sacretic sambhaashana, conny ippudu maaruperuto pariganinchabadutundi. vibhagalu 14-21 samaantara "clitophone" 407b-e, 409a; vibhagam 22 "clitophone" 408b mariyu 410b lanu samaantaramgaa, plato yokka "gorgias" mariyu "protagorus" nundi itara padaarthaalatho; vibhagam 27 clitophone 407d, 408b-c nii samaantaramgaa kaligi untundi. athens mariyu persianlapy 23-26 vibhagalu "clitophone" loe laevu. vaaru socreties shishyulalo okaraina antisthenes yokka pani nundi udbhavinchaarani trop suuchistumdi. ferdinand dummler mariyu hohns vaan arnim vanti panditulu deo yokka upanyaasam mariyu "clitophone" ippudu kolpoyina antisthenes dwara oka saadhaarana muulam nundi udbhavinchaayani vaadinchaaru. trop dheenini "vikrutamainadi" gaa varnistundi mariyu deo yokka padaartham neerugaa "clitophone" nundi vachindani bhaavinchaalani vaadistundi. aldo brancassi prasangam yokka protreptic muulakaanni antisthenes yokka lakshanamgaa bhaavistaadu mariyu antisthenes yokka (kolpoyina) "protrepticus" nundi deo yokka prasamgaanni pondadaaniki ishtapadataadu.
eee upanyaasamlo deo rome nagaranni vimarsinchadam thana rachanalo vistruta itivruttamlo bhagamani pavolo decideri vaadinchaaru, idhi pedda nagaralanu tama pourulanu naitika duraachaaraaniki daariteestundani, saamaajika rugmata pramaadaaniki gurichestundani, vyaktula swechhanu haristundani varnistundi. athanu eee itivruttaanni "ubian prasangam", "alegzandrian prasangam", "frigialo seleneelo ivvabadina prasangam" mariyu "swechhapai" kooda kanugonnadu.