
greeku saranaarthulu

greeku saranaarthulu anae saamuuhika padam asea mainer, thrace mariyu nalla samudra praantaalalo padhi laksalaku paiga greeku sanaatana sthaanikulanu suuchimchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi, vaaru greeku-turkish yuddhamlo (1914-1923) greeku-turkish taruvaata odipoyaaru, alaage migilina greeku sampradaaya nivaasulu greeku mariyu turkey madhya janabha maarpidilo bhaagamgaa kontakaalam tarvaata grease kosam tama illanu vidichipettavalasi vachindi, idhi janabha badileeni lanchanaprayamga chesi, saranaarthula tirigi ravadanni nishedhinchindi. greeku mariyu tarkeela madhya shanti oppandamlo bhaagamgaa 1923 janavari 30naa lausan loe greeku mariyu tarkeela janabha maarpidiki sambandhinchina eee samavesam santakam cheyabadindi, turkeylo migilina sanaatana kraistavulandarini vaaru yea bhaashalo matladina, istanbul mariyu sameepamloni rendu dveepaalalo unnavaarini minahayinchi, greesku maarchaalsina avasaram undhi. greeku santatiki chendina paaripotunna janabhanu (pradhanamgaa ionian tirugubaatu, constantinople patanam ledhaa greeku poura yuddham taruvaata) suuchimchadaaniki eee padaanni vividha samayaallo upayoginchinappatiki, janabha balam mariyu greesloni asea mainer greekula prabhavam, 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo anatolian greeku janaabhaaku eee padaanni jodinchindi. kaneesam 300,000 mandhi greeku saranaarthulu thoorpu thrace nundi vacchaaru, ayithe kaneesam 900,000 mandhi asea mainer nundi vacchaaru. kaneesam 150,000 mandhi istanbul nundi vacchaaru, vaaru 1928 kii mundu moodu samvatsaraalalo nagaranni vidichipettaru.
padam yokka upayogam.
asea mainer nundi vacchina sanaatana kraistava saranaarthulanu saadhaaranamgaa greeku bhaashalo kevalam οι προσφyγες ("oyi prosphyses", "saranaarthulu") anie pilustaaru. pratyaamnaaya padaalu upayoginchabadataayi οι προκρασιατες προσφίγες ("oyi microsiates prosphyses", "asea mainer saranaarthulu") ledhaa οι προσφίγες το '22 ("oyi prosphyses tuu' 22", "1922 saranaarthulu"). anatolialoni vividha chaaritraka praantaala nundi vacchina saranaarthulanu suuchimchadaaniki marinta thedaalu cheyabaddayi nalla samudra teeram nundi vacchina "ποντιοι προσφίγες" (pontioy prosphyses, "pontic saranaarthulu"), "καπαδοκες προσφyγες (" cupdox prosphyses "," kappadosian saranaarthulu "), central turkey nundi," πικρασιτες προσφίγες "(" microsiates prosphyses "," apradhanamgaa unna saranaarthulu "), bhougolika praantam nundi vacchina greeklanu suuchimchadaaniki, pratyaekamaina reference kosam tayaaru cheyabadindi, appudu prabhaavitamaina nagaramaina smyrines nundi, smyrines nundi vacchina saranaarthulu, smyrines nundi vacchina rendava atipedda smires", smyrines nundi vacchina smires ", smires nundi vacchina rendava atipedda smires", smires nundi vacchina smires "smires thoorpu thrace nundi vacchina saranaarthulu kooda indulo unnaaru.
chaaritraka nepathyam.
praacheena kaalam.
cree. puu. 9va sataabdam praarambhamlo aegean thoorpu teeramlo greekulu nivasinchaaru. dardanels nundi karia varaku iolian, ionian mariyu dorian kaalaneelu sthaapinchabaddaayi, veetilo atyanta mukhyamainavi miletus, fokeya, ephesus mariyu smirna. ayaniyanla praamukhyata eee praantaaniki ionia anae paerunu ichindi. aasiyaaloni greekula mainarlu puraatana greeku charitralo, ionian tirugubaatu, ionian leag mariyu alegzander dhi grate yokka vijayala nundi pergamos mariyu pontus yokka hellenistic raajyaala varaku gananeeyamgaa dohadapaddaru. pertianlu edurkonna modati greeku matlade prajalu ayaniyanlu, mariyu grease kosam pertian paeru "unon" ledhaa "unon" (yunan) gaa maarindi, idhi "ionia" anae padam nundi udbhavinchindi."eee paeru thoorpu mariyu madhya asea antataa vyaapinchindi.
kristupurvam 3va sataabdamloo hellenistic nagarikata vyaapti chendina taruvaata, greeku bhasha asea mainer yokka bhashaga maarindi, mariyu cree. sha. aidava sataabdam natiki, anatolia yokka chivari indo-european sthaanika bhashalu matladatam agipoyinappudu, greeku bhasha asea mainer sthaanikula ekaika matlade bhashaga maarindi.
byzantine saamrajyam.
modati kraistava roman chakravarthy 330loe constantinopalnu sthaapinchina taruvaata, greeku thoorpulo pradhana bhaagamaina asea mainer thoorpu roman (byzantine) saamrajyamlo atyanta mukhyamaina praantamgaa maarindi. taruvaati sataabdaala varaku, eee praantam raashtraaniki pradhana maanavashakti mariyu godhuma vanarugaa undedi. aneka dandayaatralu mariyu antuvyaadhulu (mukhyamgaa justinian playg) eee praantaanni vividha samayaallo naasanam chesaayi. ayithe, migilina madhyayuga prapanchamtho poliste asea mainer janasaandratatoo undipoyindi mariyu saamrajyam yokka greeku matlade sanaatana kraistava janabhalo ekkuva bhaagam kaligi undhi. anduvalla, eee samayamlo nivasinchina aneka mandhi prasiddha greeku matlade vyaktulu asea mainer greekulu, veerilo seyint nicolus (270-343), zaan chrysostomous (349-407), isidor off miletus (6va sataabdam), mariyu basilios besarian (1403-1472) unnaaru. 11va sataabdamloo muslim seljuk turkla dandayaatralatoo greeku matlade kraistava janabha ksheeninchadam praarambhinchindi. seljuk saamrajyam sthaapana asea mainer yokka pedda bhaganni byzantinelaku dhooram chesindi. 1453 mae 29naa sthiramaina prajala patanam, mariyu 1461loe thoorpu nalla samudra teeram vembadi unna trebizand yokka greeku saamrajyam patanam, asea mainarlo greeku saarvabhoumaadhikaaram mugimpunu gurtinchindi.
ottoman saamrajyam.
ottoman paalana yokka modati sataabdaalaku greekulu "cheekati sataabdaalu" anie paeru pettaru. jaanissareela aacharam mariyu saamraajyamloni muslimetara nivaasula mataparamaina, aardhika mariyu saamaajika jeevitaalapai vividha aankshalu asea mainer yokka greeku nivaasam konasaagadaaniki aasannamaina pramaadamgaa erpaddaayi. taruvaati sataabdaalaloo paristhitulu merugupaddayi, conny greekulu diguva kula hodaalo unnaaru. islaameekarana mariyu kramamga tarkeekarana konasaagindi. ghnaanoodayam yokka aalochanalu mariyu tadupari greeku swaatantrya yuddham, saarvabhoumaadhikaaram kosam asea chinna greekula aasalanu penchaayi. anatoliaku chendina aneka mandhi greekulu viplavakaruluga poraadaaru mariyu sultan yokka prateekaaraalanu edurkonnaru.
20va sataabdam.
20va sataabdam praarambhamlo ottoman saamrajyam yokka yuva turk paripalana mariyu mustafa kemal ataturk yokka tadupari viplavam samayamlo asea chinna greekula himsalu, saamuuhika hatyalu, bahishkaranalu mariyu maranayaatralu punaruddharinchabaddayi. ottoman greeku janabha teevramgaa prabhaavitamaindi; daani duradrushtaalu greeku maranahomam anie piluvabaddayi. modati prapancha yuddhamlo ottoman saamrajyam odipoyina taruvaata, mitraraajyaalu greesnu manjuru chesaayi, sevres oppandamtho, thoorpu thrace paripalana (constantinople kakunda) mariyu smirna nagaram mariyu daani parisaraalu. pontic greeku prajalu tama sonta ganatantramaina pontus ganatantraanni sthaapinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru. greco-turkish yuddhamlo greeku sainyam otami asealo chinna vipattugaa piluvabadataaniki daariteesindi. smarna yokka goppa agni vaari sikharamgaa undadamtho, asea mainarlo 3,000 samvatsaraala puraatana greeku unikini muginchindi. 1923loe santakam cheyabadina lausan oppandam, janabha tappanisari maarpidini oohinchindi. asea mainer mariyu thoorpu thrace yokka migilina greeku sanaatana janabha, alaage grease yokka muslim janabha (constantinople, imbrose mariyu tenedos yokka greekulu mariyu paaschaatya thrace yokka muslimlu minahayinchabaddaru) sataabdaalu ledhaa sahasraabdaala matrubhumi nundi sahajamgaa bahishkarinchabaddaaru.
janabha balam.
1909 janabha lekkala taruvaata jarigina 1914 ottoman janabha lekkala prakaram, balcon yuddhaala taruvaata greeku deshaalaku bhoomulu (vaari janaabhaato) kolpovadam valla eee samvatsaraala madhya greeku janabha daadaapu 1 million taggindi. greeku-turkish yuddham (1919-1922) samayamlo greeku vaaru perkonna anatolia janabhalo ekkuva mandhi greekulu anae vaadananu aneka mandhi charitrakaarulu vyatiraekimchaaru. modati prapancha yuddham mariyu yuddhaanantara samvatsaraala british videsanga vidhanam gurinchi vaari pustakamlo, cedric james love mariyu maikhel ell. dockryl ilaa vaadinchaadu "greeku vaadanalu atyanta charchaneeyamainavi, [avi] bahusha chaalaa ekkuva, ekkuvagaa turkish anatolialo unna smirna vilaayetlo pedda minority kaavacchu."kraistava pitruswamya, greeku rashtram mariyu vividha paaschaatya muulaala anchanaalu vaari sankhyanu chaalaa ekkuvagaa unchaayi. janabha marpidi nundi minahaayinchabadina greekula sankhya sumaru 300,000 (istanbul loe nivasistunna 270,000). greeslo saranaarthula janabha yokka khachitamaina ganaamkaalu laevu.
1923 taruvaata 1928loe nirvahinchina modati jaateeya greeku janabha ganana, asea chinna muulaaniki chendina greekula sankhyanu 1,164,267 (bahusha 3 millionlaku paiga) choopinchindi. gatha samvatsaraallo kontamandi saranaarthulu russia mariyu madhyapraachya deshaalaku valasa vellaaru. 1866 mariyu 1917 madhya asea mainer santatiki chendina sumaru 250,000 mandhi greeku americanlu united statesku valasa vacchaaru, american pourasatvam kaligi unnaaru, tadwara vaaru saranaarthulu kaaleru; ayithe, vaaru tama puurveekula maatrubhoomilo vaari aasti hakkula nundi, alaage tirigi vachhe vaari hakku nundi kooda vanchinchabadataaru. saadhaaranamgaa greesloni saranaarthula sankhya sumaru 15 laksala mandhi untundani anchanaa. saranaarthula vaarasulu antaryuddha kaalamlo goppa greeku valasalalo, alaage 1960-1970laloe united states, australia mariyu germanyki pedda valasalalo palgonnaru. nedu, grease janabhalo daadaapu 30 saatam mandhi asea chinna saranaarthula nundi puurti ledhaa pakshika santatiki chendinavaarani paerkonnaaru; alaage diasporan greekulalo daadaapu samaana saatam mandhi unnaaru.
sthaavara praantaalu.
saranaarthula janabha yokka pradhana bhaagam atika mariyu macedonialo sthirapadindi. 1928loe prati praantaaniki adhikaarika saranaarthula janabha eee krindi vidhamgaa undhi (saranaarthula sankhya mariyu saranaarthula janabhalo saatam):
grease yokka adanapu janabhanu unchadaaniki aneka shivaaru praantaalu, pattanaalu mariyu gramalu sthaapinchabaddaayi, idhi kevalam konni nelallo moodinta oka vanthu perigindi. eee praantaalaku tarachugaa niah (kottadi) anie paeru pettaru, taruvaata asea mainarlooni greeku matlade pattanam ledhaa nagaram paeru daani nivaasitulu nundi vacchaaru. adanamgaa, eee roeju varaku greesloni prati pattanamlo "προσφyγικά", "saranaarthulu" (quarter) anae naalugava bhaagam undhi. eee kotta sthaavaraalaku saadhaaranamgaa vaati nivaasula muulam paeru pettaru
sthaavaraala jabita.
idhi greesloni saranaarthula sthaavaraala jabita (muulam kundaleekaranaalalo undhi)
"* mundugaa unna, conny pedda sankhyalo ledhaa saranaarthulanu sampaadinchina sthaavaraanni suuchistumdi"
saanukuula prabhavalu.
asea chinna greekula raaka phalitamgaa 400% dwara rashtra vyavasaya utpatti perigindi. saagu yogyamaina bhoomi 55 saatam perigindi. saranaarthulu mariyu vaari vaarasulu tama sonta bhoomiki yajamanuluga undataaniki, grease yokka vyavasaya bhoomini marinta vibhajinchaalani 1923 fibravari 14naa nikola plastiras prabhutvam nirnayinchindi. greeku rashtra aadaayapu pannu aadaayam naalugu samvatsaraalalo dadapuga ii. dii. 2 ledhaa aidu retlu perigindi, pradhanamgaa saranaarthulaku krutagnatalu (1923loe 319 million dracma nundi, 1927loe ii. dii. 1 biliyanku).
grease janabha yokka sajaateeyatanu penchagaligindi, mukhyamgaa uttara grease (macedonia mariyu thrace) loe. pattana janabha baga perigindi, phalitamgaa aadhunika greeku mahanagaralaina athens mariyu thessaloniki srushtinchabaddaayi. saranaarthulathoo paatu kotta udaaravaada aalochanalu vachayi, mukhyamgaa smyrna yokka cosmopolitan nagaram nundi vacchina vaaru. saamskrutika rangamlo saranaarthula prabhavam mukhyamgaa mukhyamainadi.
greeku vaanijyam mariyu marakam raetlu greeku aardhika vyavasthanu paarisraamikeekarana mariyu abhivruddhi yokka kotta yugamloki nettivesaayi, paakshikamgaa vaelaadi "choukaina chetulu", takkuva kharchutho kuudina maanavashakti raaka kaaranamgaa. naipunhyam kaligina saranaarthula janabha (udhaa.zii. corpet parisramalu). adanamgaa, vaarilo chaalaa mandhi taruvaata vijayavantamaina ooda yajamaanulu ayyaru (udhaa.zii. aristatle onassis).
asea chinna greekulu antaryuddha kaalamlo sthaanika greeku janaabhaaku preranagaa maararu, rendava prapancha yuddhamlo vaari deshaprajalatho kalisi poraadaaru, endukante vaaru greeku pratighatanalo churukaina paatranu kaligi unnaaru.
pratikuula prabhavalu.
anatolia yokka greeku sanaatana janabha maajee ottoman saamraajyamloni atyanta sampanna samoohaalalo okatigaa undedi. vaaru chaalaa varaku aardhika jeevitaanni mariyu anatolia vaanijyaanni niyantrinchaaru. vaari bahishkarana kottagaa sthaapinchabadina turkey republic chetilo aneka karmagaralu mariyu dukaanaalanu vidichipettadaaniki daariteesindi. lausan oppandam prakaram, marpidi chesukunna janabha yokka aastulanu tirigi chellinchaalsina baadhyata rendu raashtraalaku undhi, idhi ennadoo neraverchabadani baadhyata, ekkuvagaa greeku sanaatana saranaarthula (greeku vyavasaya muslim janabha kante vaari sankhya ekkuva mariyu dhanavanthulu) kharchutho.
anatolian kraistava janabha yokka janabha maarpulu teevramgaa unnaayi, alaage grease yokka janabha gananalo maarpulu, ikkada vaelaadi mandhi prajalu vyaadhulatoe maraninchaaru. eee vyaadhulu desamloni sthaanika janabhapai kooda prabhavam chupayi. vaelaadi mandhi maranaaniki kaaranamaina malaria kakunda, samvatsaraalugaa greeslo kanipinchani vyaadhulu (kalara, playg) ippatike adhika maranaala retunu penchaayi.
saranaarthula nivaasa samasya atyanta klishtamainadi. 1922 aktobaru modati padhi rojullo, 50,000 mandhi greekulu pradhanamgaa kydonese/aywali nundi lesbosku vacchaaru, idhi bhaarii manavata samasyanu srushtinchindi. samvatsaraalalo, greeku rashtram saranaarthula kosam 25,000 gruhalanu nirminchindi. saranaarthula upasamanam kosam samstha" (εαπ, eap) maroe 27,000 gruhalanu (attikaalo 11,000 matrame) nirminchindi. adhe samstha athens mariyu thessalonikilo 165,000 mandhi saranaarthulanu unchadaaniki anchanaa vesina 2,422,961 aangla poundlanu kharchu chesindi.
greeku manastatvampai prabhavam.
asea chinna dandayaatra mariyu vipattu, alaage moodu vaela samvatsaraala uniki taruvaata anatolia nundi jaathi greeku janabhanu verucheyadam, greeku manastatvampai apaaramaina prabhavanni choopindi. smirna vipattu aadhunika greeku charitralo atyanta ghoramaina sanghatanagaa pariganinchabadindi, mariyu greekulaku sthiramaina prajala patanam vale adhe parimaanamlo jarigina sanghatanagaa pariganinchabadindi. saranaarthulaku sambandhinchina vishayalu greco-turkish sambandhaalanu aneka dasabdaluga nilipivesaayi. tappipoyina greekulaku sambandhinchina samasyalu tvaralo antarjaateeya redd cross loe levanettabaddaayi, turkish vaipu nundi etuvanti vijayam mariyu sahakaram lekunda. eee roeju varaku, asea mainarlo janminchina greeku pourulu tarkeeloki pravesinchadaaniki veesa kosam darakhaastu chesukovali (idhi greeslo janminchina greeku pourulaku vartinchadu).
saranaarthula vaarasulu tama nagarikatanu prothsahinchadaaniki mariyu vaari muulaalatoe sannihitamgaa undataaniki greeslo mariyu pravaasulalo vandalaadi samsthalu mariyu samsthalanu kanugonnaru. grease looni vividha museumlu (benaki museum vantivi) asea mainer, pontus, kappadosia mariyu thoorpu thrace nundi kalakhandalanu pradarsistaayi, ivi greeku unikini suuchistaayi mariyu aadhunika greeku janabhalo sumaru 40 saatam muulaalanu nokki chebutaayi.
nobel shanti bahumati pratipaadanalu.
saranaarthula upasamanaaniki sambandhinchina prayatnaala kosam greeku redd cross (chroix-roose hellenic) 1923 nundi 1930 varaku mottam 19 saarlu nobel shanti bahumati kosam nominate cheyabadindi; 1923loe 16 saarlu, 1924loe 2 saarlu mariyu 1930loe 1 saarlu. 1923 mariyu 1924loe nobel shanti bahumatini pradaanam cheyaledu.

