
dassault/dornier alfa jett

dassault/dornier alfa jett anedi telikapati daadi jett mariyu adhunaatana jett trainer, dheenini france yokka dassault aviation mariyu germanyki chendina dornier flugzegwerke saha-tayaaru chesaaru. idhi pratyaekamgaa sikshakudu mariyu telikapati daadi missionlanu nirvahinchadaaniki, alaage dheeniki mundu vacchina modati taram jett sikshakula kante eee vidhulanu marinta aadarsamgaa nirvahinchadaaniki abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. oka pootii taruvaata, bregute aviation, dassault aviation mariyu dornier flugzequerketho kuudina brundam samarpinchina design, praarambhamlo "taa501" gaa niyaminchabadindi, empika cheyabadindi mariyu taruvaata alfa jetga utpatti cheyabadindi.
french vaayu mariyu antariksha dalam mariyu german vaimanika dalam rendoo pedda sankhyalo alfa jetnu sekarinchaayi, modatidi pradhanamgaa sikshana vimanamga mariyu rendodi daanini telikapati daadi vaedikagaa upayoginchadaaniki enchukundi. sheethaakaala yuddhaanantara sainika taggimpula phalitamgaa, germany 1990laloe thana sonta alfa jetla samudaayaanni viraminchukovadaaniki ennukundi mariyu eee vimanalalo chaalaa varaku sainika mariyu poura operatorlaku tirigi vikrayinchindi. alfa jetnu prapanchavyaaptamgaa aneka vaimanika dalaalu sweekarinchaayi mariyu eee operatorlalo kondaru churukaina poraata viniyogaanni kooda chuusaaru.
abhivruddhi.
muulam.
1960la praarambhamlo, european vaimanika dalaalu raboye dasaabdaala kosam vaari avasaralanu parigananaloki teesukovadam praarambhinchaayi. atuvanti pariseelanaloo okati, us-built lockheed tii-33 shooting starr mariyu french-built phouga magister vanti vimanalanu bharti cheyadaaniki kotta taram jett-powered trainer aircraft avasaram. britton mariyu france praarambhamlo supersonic jett vimanamga maaradaaniki uddesinchina abhivruddhini konasaaginchadaaniki oka sahakaara karyakramanni erpaatu chesaayi. eee vimananni rendu vibhina rakaalalo vividha paatrala kosam utpatti cheyalsi undih sikshakudu mariyu telikapati daadi chese vimanam. eee sahakaram phalitamgaa, sepecot jagwar, oka adbhutamaina vimanamga niroopinchabadindi, conny daani nirvachanam madhyantaramlo maarindi, mariyu rakam puurti-parimaana, anhu-saamarthyam gala strike fighterga udbhavinchindi, dheeni rendu-seetla vaividhyaalu kaaryaacharana marpidi kosam upayoginchabaddaayi. anduvalla, jagwar saadhaarana sikshanaa missionku baga saripoledu.
idhi asalu avasaranni neraverchaledu; eee phalitam phalitamgaa, 1967loe, france eee demandnu teerchadaaniki bhaavi sahakaara prayatnam anae amsampai paschima germanytho varusa charchalaloki pravesinchindi. rendu deshaala madhya saanukuula raajakeeya sambandhaalanu balopetam cheyalane korikatho paatu fransto ummadi sikshanaa karyakalapalanu nirvahinchadamlo deerghakaalamgaa aasakti kaligi unna paschima germany atuvanti charchalalo paalgonadaaniki aasaktigaa undhi. america vimaanaala patla german saiddhaantika praadhaanyatanu vichchinnam cheyaalani koorutuu, paschima germanytho sainika sahakaranni kooda france viluvainadigaa bhaavinchindi. 1968loe, eee charchala nundi oka ummadi vivarana roopondinchabadindi. avasaralaku oka gananeeyamaina maarpu emitante, korina sikshakudu ippudu subsonic, supersonic trainer aircraftga perkonabadindi, idhi aacharanaatmaka avasaralaku nirupayogamgaa niroopinchabadindi. 1969 joolailo, paschima germany mariyu france madhya ummadi abhivruddhi mariyu utpatti oppandam santakam cheyabadindi; eee oppandam nibandhanala prakaram, rendu deshaalu 200 vimanalanu konugolu cheyadaaniki kattubadi unnaayi, veetini desheeyamgaa vaari swantha deshaalalo sameekaristunnaaru.
okanoka samayamlo, german prabhutvam mariyu german vaimanika dalam rendoo eee prajectulo bhaagamgaa united states nundi fraansku prayogaatmaka sikshanaa karyakalapalanu maarchadaaniki aasakti chupayi. ayithe, 1971loe, america patla shatrutva pratispandana mariyu united states patla paschima germany yokka offset baadhyatala bhayamtho idhi raddu cheyabadindi, idhi atuvanti charyanu asahyakaramainadigaa chesindi. ummadi franco-german sikshanaa pratipaadananu raddu chesinappatiki, vimaana kaaryakramamtho munduku saagadaaniki german prabhutvam baadhyata vahinchindi; aaa samayamlo, germanyki kotta sikshana vimanam avasaram ledhu, conny daani fiat zii. 91 daadi vimaanaala samudaayaaniki pratyaamnaayam avasaram undhi. tadanugunamgaa, vimananni rendu vibhina versionlalo nirminchaalani germany pratipaadinchindi, french avasaraniki chavakaina sikshakudigaa mariyu german avasaraniki daggari vaayu maddatu vaedikagaa; eee sthaanaanni france aamodinchindi. vimanam kosam french ledhaa american powerplantnu upayoginchaalaa anae vivaadaaniki kooda oka prarambha amsam parishkarinchabadindi, french-nirmita larazac injin abhivruddhiki matrame aardhika sahayam cheyadaaniki france angeekarinchindi, adhe powerplantnu sweekarinchadaaniki germany angeekarinchindi.
mottam moodu tayaareedaarula samuuhaalu avasaraniki pratispandanagaa pratipaadanalanu samarpinchaayi; ivi dassault, bregute mariyu dornier "taa501" nuu samarpinchaayi, ivi bregute 126 mariyu dornier p.375 bhavanala vileenam dwara abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi, vfw-facker vaari "vft-291" vimananni samarpinchagaa, snias/mbb "e.650 eurotrainer" nuu samarpinchindi. eee pratipaadanalalo prati okkati janta sneckma turbomeca larazac turbofan enginela dwara saktini pondaali. single-injin lockheed eff-104 starfiter yokka adhika pramaada raetu kaaranamgaa teevramaina vimaanaala ksheenata retlatho badhapadina taruvaata sikshakudiki rendu enginelu unnayani german vaimanika dalam pattubattindi.
utpattilo.
1970 juulai 23naa, breguet-dassault-dornier taa501 pootii vijaetagaa prakatinchabadindi. fibravari 1971loe, project nirvachanam dasha adhikarikamga puurtayimdi mariyu integrated design brundam fraanslooni paarislooni seyint-cloudeloo adhikarikamga erpaatu cheyabadindi; adhe nelaloo, joyne franco-german protocol santakam cheyabadindi, naalugu prototypela nirmaanaanni praarambhinchindi. 1972 fibravarilo, puurti abhivruddhitho munduku saagadaaniki aamodam jaarii cheyabadindi. 1972 maeloe, modati project samavesam bordiauxlo jarigindi, dheenilo naalugu namuunaala kosam arder adhikarikamga unchabadindi. 1972 november natiki, eee project daani modati maak-up sameekshanu aamodinchindi. dassault eee prajectuku 'prayogaatmaka' samsthagaa niyaminchabadindi mariyu design mariyu nirvahana nirnayaalapai tudi adhikaram kaligi undhi, project nirvahanaku eee vidhanam prograamnu nadapadaniki chaalaa samarthavanthamaina paddhatigaa perkonabadindi.
fraanslo dassault rendu namuunaalanu nirminchaalsi undhi (dassault intalo bregutenu konugolu chesi) mariyu maroe rendu namuunaalanu germanylo dornier nirminchaalsi undhi. 1973 aktobaru 26naa, modati french namuunaa daani modati vimananni istress, marcelle nirvahinchindi; 1974 janavari 9naa, modati german namuunaa thana toli vimananni oberfafenhofen, bavaria nundi nirvahinchindi. migilina rendu namuunaalu 1974 mugimpuku mundu gaalilo undevi. modati mariyu rendava namuunaalanu vimanam yokka vimaana kavarunu anveshinchadaaniki upayoginchaaru, moodava namoonaalo french sikshakudi parikaraalu amarchabaddayi mariyu naalgavadi german close air support parikaraalatoe amarchabadindi. namuunaalu recording mariyu telemetry parikaraala pyaakaejeelatoo amarchabadi unnaayi, ivi pariksha vimaanaala samayamlo nija samayamlo parikaraala patanam mariyu itara upayogakaramaina daetaanu bhoomipai sweekarinchadaaniki veelu kalpistaayi.
alfa jett upa-assemblyla tayaareeni france (dassault), germany (dornier) mariyu belgium (sabsa) madhya vibhajinchaaru, prati desham tudi assembly mariyu pratyeka soukaryaalalo rakanni tanikhi chestundi. dassault eee moodu assembly linelalo atipeddadi, saadhaaranamgaa french mariyu egumati viniyogadaarula avasaralanu teerchadaaniki nelaku 13 vimanalanu utpatti chestundi, idhi nelaku garishtamgaa 15 alfa jetla utpattini cheyagaladani nivedinchabadindi; dornier final assembly line saadhaaranamgaa nelaku garishtamgaa aaru vimaanaala retunu nirvahistundi. tudi assembly erpaatlaku viruddhamgaa, moodu moolaalalo edhee yea bhaganni tayaaru cheyaledani nakilee chesindi dassault-bregute mundu mariyu madhya fuselagenu utpatti chesindi, dornier rekka, thoka mariyu venuka fuselagenu nirminchindi, ayithe sabka mukku mariyu flaaplanu tayaaru chesindi. germanylo alfa jett tayaareeloo mottam 4,500 mandhi udyogulu panicheesaaru, fraanslo kooda samaana sankhyalo eee karyakramam kosam panicheesaaru.
alfa jett kosam prarambha egumati viniyogadaarulugaa unna belgium mariyu eejipt rendoo, desheeyamgaa vaari french-aakruteekarana alfa jett ii vimanam yokka tudi assembleeni pradarsinchaayi. 1978 septembaru 17naa, dassault mariyu arab organization pharr industrialization (aio) alfa jett kosam licenses tayari oppandampai santakam chesaayi; eejiptlooni helvanloni oka sadupaayamlo eejiptu assembly pani jarigindi. 1978 joolailo, us marketlo alfa jetnu vikrayinchadaaniki american aircraft tayari lockheedto dassault oka oppandampai santakam chesindi, eee erpaatulo licenses kinda alfa jetnu tayaaru cheyadaaniki lockheedku sambandhinchina nibandhanalu unnaayi. idhi yuu. ess. naevii yokka whittexts advanced trainer prograanku abhyardhigaa pariganinchabadindi (chivariki hocker siddeli hock yokka savarinchina version ayina mcdonnell douglus tii-45 goshak chetha geluchukundi); pratipaadita maarpulalo mukku-tove catapaults mariyu balamaina arrester hook kosam under carriage maarpulu, alaage vividha us-sourced avianics mariyu itara parikaraalu unnaayi.
1977 november 4naa, modati utpatti vimanam thana modati vimananni nadipindi. 1978 septembarulo, alfa jetla utpatti adhikarikamga praarambhamaindi. naalugu namuunaalu flying test bedsga sevalo undipoyaayi, mishrama graphite-epoxy rekkanu anchanaa veyadam mariyu larazac injin yokka merugaina samskaranalu vanti rakam yokka marinta abhivruddhi kosam upayoginchabadutunnaayi. larazac injin abhivruddhiki maddatugaa modati namuunaa 1 pratyaekamgaa upayoginchabadindi. vividha avianics saripoyela french mariyu german alfa jetlanu drushyaparamgaa vaeru cheyadam chaalaa sulabham chestundi, french vimanalu gundrani mukkunu kaligi untaayi mariyu german vimanalu padunaina, chuupina mukkunu kaligi untaayi.
marinta abhivruddhi.
1980loe, alfa jett yokka "pratyaamnaaya daggari maddatu" versionpy pani praarambhamaindi, indulo oka sagem ulis 81 inns, oka thamson-csf veh-110 hood, savarinchina mukkulo oka tmv630 lazer range finder mariyu oka trt ehechvi 9 radeo altimeter unnaayi, anni avianics digital database dwara anusandhaaninchabadi unnaayi. prarambha vimanamu 1982 april 9naa jarigindi. cameroon edu (konni muulaalu 6 anie perkonnaayi) mariyu eejipt 15nii pondindi. asalu eejiptu arder prakaram ms1 yantraala kosam, dassault "ms2" anae paerutoe naalugu yantraalanu andinchindi mariyu eejiptu yokka ayy itara padakondu yantraalanu nock down kitla nundi sameekarinchindi.
alfa jett 2", vaastavaaniki "alfa jett ngeya" ("nauvel generation appuy/ekol" ledhaa "kotta generation attack/training") anedi alfa jett yokka pratipaadita abhivruddhi. idhi ms2 yokka praathamika avianicsnu kaligi undhi, alaage adhunaatana french matra magic 2 aamsto anukuulata mariyu luftwaff alfa jett vimaanaaniki tirigi amarchabadina marinta saktivantamaina larazac 04-sii20 turbophans kaligi undhi. vimanam yokka konni kotta avianics dassault miraj 2000 faitar nundi teesukobaddaayi. 1982loe, alfa jett engia "puurtigaa samagra digital navigation mariyu daadi vyavasthanu kaligi unna daani vibhaagamlo unna ekaika vimanam" anie paerkonnaaru. eee roopaantaram yokka kotta-nirmaana vimanalu utpatti cheyabadanappatiki, ippatike unna eejiptu alfa jetlu idhe pramaanaaniki upgraded cheyabaddaayi. oke namuunaa eguraveyabadindi, bahusha asalu alfa jett namoonaalalo okadaani yokka maarpu. 1982 septembarulo, eee vimanam farnbero air sholo modatisaarigaa bahirangamgaa kanipinchindi.
maroka pratipaadita roopaantaram "alfa jett 3 adhunaatana sikshanaa vyavastha", oka samayamlo "lamsier" anae sheershika ivvabadindi. eee pratipaadana anni vaataavaranaalaloo bhuu daadi karyakalapalanu nirvahinchadaaniki, alaage ravana nirodhaka mariyu helicopter vyatiraeka karyakalapalanu nirvahinchadaaniki uddesinchabadindi. alfa jett 2" vanti aneka vyavasthalanu kaligi undhi, indulo janta kaakpit multifunction displaylu (mfd) mariyu kittali ledhaa enemon radar yokka sambhaavya carriage, munduku chuse infrared (flur) imager, lazer lakshyeekarana vyavastha mariyu aadhunika counter measures suut kooda amarchali. oka namuunaa kooda eguraveyabadindi, mallii bahusha asalu alfa jett namuunaa yokka upgraded.
juun 1985loe, dassault nundi swatantramgaa, daani swantha moodava taram alfa jett upgraded prograamnu adhyayanam chestunnatlu dornier prakatinchindi. eee pratipaadita naveekaranalo gananeeyamaina avianics naveekaranalu mariyu maanava-yantra interfaces maarpulu unnaayi, udaaharanaku vidyaarthulu emi chustunnaro chuudataaniki bodhakulanu anumatinchadaaniki bahula head-up displaylu (huds) jodinchadam, aadhunika mariyu raboye yuddha vimaanaala adhunaatana avasaralaku marinta saripoye lakshyamtho; alfa jett yokka airframe bhavishyat market avasaralaku maarpu lekunda anukuulamgaa undani dornier teerpu icchaaru.
1988 septembarulo, dassault vaari phouga cm.175 jefire mariyu dassault ettendard IV naukaadalaalaku pratyamnaayamgaa french navika vimaanayaanaaniki carrier-aadhaarita sikshakudigaa alfa jett yokka navika roopaantaraanni pratipaadinchinatlu velladinchindi. alfa jett maritime 3" gaa paerkonabadina idhi, raboye taram carrier yuddha vimaanaalato anukuulatanu ivvadaaniki "alfa jett 3 adhunaatana sikshanaa vyavastha" kosam uddesinchina avianicsnu puurtigaa navigation chesi amarchinatlu pracharam cheyabadindi. carrier anusaranalalo arrester hook adanamgaa, alaage balopetam cheyabadina landing gair mariyu under carriage unnaayi.
design.
alfa jett anedi paniteeru andinchinappatikii uddeshapoorvakamgaa saralamaina airframenu kaligi unna telikapati twin-injin vimanam. pradhana anchulu mariyu gaalini teesukovadam rendoo sthiramgaa untaayi; ayithe computer aided design (CAD) sahayamtho abhivruddhi cheyabadina vimanam yokka aerodynamic aakaram, praantam niyamaaniki anugunamgaa untundi. puurtigaa saktitoe nadiche niyantranalu upayoginchabadataayi, indulo dwandwa-hydraulic vyavasthalu mariyu load-phyaaktar parimita dynamic anubhooti vyavastha amarika sampradaaya vimaana niyantrana uparitalaalaku jatacheyabadi untundi. sikshana samayamlo ekkuva soukaryam kosam kaakpit meeda ottidi untundi. alfa jett kaneesa ground parikaraalatoe padhi nimishala malupu samayaalanu kaligi undela roopondinchabadindi, indulo ottidi cheyabadina single-point refueling, kaakpit yokka nicchena laeni pravesam/nishkramana mariyu drava oxygen vyavastha yokka padhi gantala orpu vanti lakshanaalanu upayogistundi.
alfa jett vividha rakaala paatralanu nirvahinchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi. eee rakaniki chendina pradhana viniyogadaarulu, germany mariyu france, tama alfa jetlanu vividha samarthyalalo nadiparu, modatidi ground attack platfamga mariyu rendodi trainer aircraftga. vividha paatralanu pooshinchakundaane, france mariyu germany yokka alfa jett naukaadalaalu vaati specification mariyu parikaraalalo gamaninchadagga vidhamgaa bhinnamgaa undevi; german vimanalalo marinta vistrutamaina aayudha-lakshyam vyavastha, bhinnamaina indhana vyavastha, yaav dumper, vibhina breaklu, noseville steering, arrester hook mariyu martin-baker sthaanamlo stensel ajector seatlu amarchabaddayi. aerospace publication flight international prakaram, alfa jett yokka ground attack-oriented variantlo upayoginchina pratyeka parikaraalalo ekkuva bhaagam german samsthalu andinchaayi. ground attack paathratho paatu, luftwaff electronic counter measures (ecm) mariyu areal nigha paatralalo alfa jetnu kooda upayoginchindi; taruvaati prayojanam kosam, port hardpoint meeda nigha paadnu amarchavacchu.
alfa jett oka jatha sneckma turbomeca larazac turbophan enginela dwara saktini pondutundi. idhi takkuva baipas-nishpatti, twin-spool injin, idhi modular nirmaana paddhatulanu upayogistundi. aaa samayamlo larazac oka kotta injin, idhi alfa jetnu saktivantam cheyadaaniki empika cheyadaaniki oka samvatsaram mundu matrame daani modati rannu nirvahinchindi. injin yokka asalu namuunaa utpatti cheyagaligina daanikante vimaanaaniki ekkuva saktinivvaalsina avasaram fibravari 1972loe 2,970 poundla "larazac 04" abhivruddhi mariyu sweekaranaku daariteesindi; idhi praarambhamlo alfa jetku saktinicche injin yokka eee version. germany general electric zhe85 thoo eee rakanni saktivantam cheyadamlo aasakti kanabarichindi, conny america injin vadakanni france abhyantaram vyaktam chesindi, dheeni phalitamgaa mottam vimaanampai maaku egumati parimitulu untaayi mariyu french-nirmita larjak abhivruddhi kharchunu oohinchadaaniki angeekarinchindi. 1980laloe, larazac injin yokka upgraded cheyabadina modal abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, idhi 10 saatam thrustnu penchindi.
alfa jett yokka asalu version yokka avianics kathinamaina swabhaavam kaligi unnaayi, paakshikamgaa dheenini saralamaina mariyu sulabhamgaa egumati cheyagala vimanamga maarchadaaniki. praathamika rakamlo autopylot, jadatva navigation ledhaa radar vanti lakshanaalu laevu. taruvaata upgraded prograamlu saadhaaranamgaa gaaju kaakpit mariyu itara avianics vyavasthalanu jodinchadampai drushti saaristaayi. luftwaff yokka alfa jetlalo doppler radar mariyu adanapu hardpointlu vanti daadi paatra kosam adanapu avianics amarchabadi undevi. 1970laloe, alfa jett, mcdonnell douglass eff-4 fantum II, ltv eah-7 courseir II, mariyu fairchild republic eah-10 thunderbolt II vanti daggari air support roll loe upayoginchina vimanalanu adhigaminchindani dornier paerkonnaadu; alfa jett chinnadi, vaegamgaa, takkuva haani kaliginchedi, marinta yuktigaa, choukagaa undani mariyu eah-10 kante adhika aall round paniteerunu kaligi undani samsthalu pratyaekamgaa perkonnaayi.
aerospace publication flight international prakaram, alfa jett pootii rendava taram trainer aircraft kante marinta sanklishtamgaa undhi, prati vimaana gantaku edu gantala nirvahana avasaram. daadaapu 5,000 poundla aayudhalu mariyu parikaraalanu mottam aidu kathina binduvulapai teesukellavacchu, veetilo naalugu rekkala meeda mariyu diguva fuselage meeda madhya rekha vadda okati untaayi. saayudha aakruteekaranalo, 30 mimi dipha phirangi (french vimaanamlo vyavasthapinchinatlugaa) ledhaa 27 mimi mouser bii. keey-27 phirangi (german vimaanamlo vyavasthapinchinatlugaa) kaligi unna tupaki paad saadhaaranamgaa centerline haard pointpy vyavasthaapinchabadutundi.
kaaryaacharana charitra.
france.
french vaimanika dalam alfa jetnu pradhanamgaa sikshakudigaa upayoginchaalani nirnayinchindi. 1977 november 4naa, french seva kosam uddesinchina modati utpatti alfa jett daani modati vimananni nirvahinchindi. french roopaantaraanni "alfa jett ii" ("ii" antey "ekol", french antey "school") ledhaa "alfa jett advanced trainer/light attack" aircraft anie pilicheevaaru. servies trials kosam fraansku prarambha delivareelu 1978loe jarigaayi, idhi mae 1979loe line servies kuu pravesapettabadina rakaniki daariteesindi. alfa jett ii twaragaa jett trainer paatralo kenadeir tii-33 mariyu phouga magister sthaanamlo, alaage daani aayudhaala sikshana saamardhyamlo dassault mister aiva sthaanamlo vachindi.
french vaimanika dalam yokka vaimanika pradarsana brundam "patrouil dii france", alfa jetnu eguravestundi. 1985 varaku mottam 176 utpatti alfa jett ii yantraalu pampinhee cheyabaddaayi, pranaalika cheyabadina 200 kaadu. oka adbhutamaina vimanam, yuddha vibhagala french vaimanika dhala commanderlaku alfa jetku vyatiraekamgaa oka firyadu undhi, idhi egaradaaniki chaalaa kshaminche vimanam, phalitamgaa yuddha vimanalanu egaraveyadaaniki ketayinchinappudu podavaina mariyu nitaruga neerchukunee vakrata untundi, ivi antha kshaminchavu.
1990la praarambhamlo, french vaimanika dalam "alfa jett 3" karyakramanni parisoedhimchimdi, indulo puurtigaa digital kaakpit, aadhuneekarinchina communications suut mariyu puurti navigation/daadi mariyu sensor sikshanaa vyavasthanu vyavasthaapinchadam jarigindi; idhi chivariki chaalaa khareedainadigaa vadiliveyabadindi. 1998loe, france rakshana mantritva saakha alfa jett yokka kaakpit paie drushti saarinchina kotta head-up display (hood) mariyu multifunction displayla samsthaapana vanti sambhaavya naveekaranalanu pariseelinchindi. juun 2003loe, french vaimanika dalam yokka deerghakaalika sikshanaa avasaralanu teerchadaaniki alfa jett upgraded kosam thana pranaalikalanu dassault velladinchindi. eee merugudala belgian vaimanika dalam yokka alfa jett fleet kosam pradarsinchina maadirigaane undhi, indulo gaaju kaakpitnu vyavasthaapinchadam, dassault rafale mariyu dassault miraj 2000 vanti frontline vimaanaalato kaakpit anukuulatanu penchadam, alaage nirmaanaatmaka kuurpu vantivi unnaayi.
2014 septembarulo, direction general dii ell 'armment (dga) mariyu french vaimanika dalam adhikarulu alfa jett sthaanamlo alenia ermachi emm-346 maastarnu daryaaptu chestunnatlu samacharam; alenia ermachi eee saamardhyamlo 35 mea-346 lanu sekarinchadaaniki france aasakti chuuputoemdani paerkonnaaru. april 2015loe, dii. zii. eah. oka pratyaamnaaya sikshana vimanam kosam prarambha mundastu abhyardhananu jaarii chesindi; eee avasaraniki abhyardhulalo emm-346 master, ero ell-39 albatross, beach craft tii-6 texon II mariyu pilatus pisi-21 unnatlu nivedinchabadindi. pisi-21nii 2018loe pravesapettaaru.
germany.
luftwaff pradhanamgaa alfa jetnu telikapati strike paatralo upayoginchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu, germanylo sikshana ivvadaaniki badulugaa nairuti united stateslo american trainer rakaalapai vimaana sikshananu konasaaginchadaaniki ishtapadataadu, ayinappatikee germany aayudhaala sikshana kosam beja, portugees vadda unna alfa jetlanu kooda upayoginchindi. 1978 april 12naa, modati utpatti german alfa jett thana toli vimananni nirvahinchindi, delivareelu marchi 1979loe prarambhamayyayi. dheenini "alfa jett eah" ("eah" standing pharr "appui tectic" ledhaa "vyuuhaatmaka maddatu") ledhaa "alfa jett close support" roopaantaramgaa niyaminchaaru. 1983 varaku luftwaff mottam 175 vimanalanu pondindi, eee rakanni fiat zii91aarr/3 vimaanaala sthaanamlo upayoginchaaru.
1985loe, germany vaari alfa jett fleet kosam "merugaina poraata saamarthyam" (manchu) karyakramam anie piluvabade samagra naveekarana karyakramanni praarambhinchindi; eee naveekaranalalo oka million speck 1553bii database, navigation/daadi vyavasthalatho anusandhaaninchabadina kotta sensorlu, aadhunika electronic counter measures suut, vimanam yokka radar mariyu infrared santakaalanu tagginche charyalu, indhana vyavastha chuttoo rakshana charyalu mariyu agm-65 maverick vanti kotta aayudhalu untaayi. 1988loe, manchu karyakramam raddu cheyabadindani prakatinchaaru. marinta kathinamaina upgraded programme daani sthaanamlo munduku saagindi, idhi lakshyam-9ell side-winder air-tuu-air kshipani mariyu navigation computer upgradelanu, aneka chinna airframe mariyu parikaraala merugudalalato paatu, jetisonble gunn paadnu jodinchadam vanti vaatini ekikrutam chesindi.
1992loe, luftwaff vaari alfa jett vimananni dasalavaareegaa tolaginchadam praarambhinchindi, lead-inn faitar training kosam 45nii ketaayinchindi. 1993loe, northrope tii-38 talone mariyu fiat zii. 91 naukaadalaalanu bharti cheyadaaniki mottam 50 noukalanu porchugalku pampaaru, veetilo aidu vidibhaagaala kosam upayoginchabaddaayi. migilina luftwaff yokka alfa jetlu kramamga tolaginchabaddaayi, 1998loe chivari vadilivese seva, mariyu viniyogadaarulu vaatini konugolu cheyadaaniki prayatninchaaru. october 1995loe, german sainyam polandku 143 million plaan kosam 42 alfa jetlanu andinchindi. 1999loe, 25 alfa jetlu thaayilaandku 1 million baht ($27,000) choppuna vikrayinchabaddaayi, sarihaddu gastee paatralo uttara america ovee-10 branco sthaanamlo; ayithe british rakshana moolyaankanam mariyu parisoedhanaa samstha 12 chaze aircraft mariyu flight test platformlanu pondindi, endukante eee paatra kosam andubaatulo unna bay systems hock aircraft loe korata undhi.
prati nelaa nilvalo unchadaaniki sumaru $100,000 ($55,000) kharchu avtundani nivedinchabadinanduna padavee viramana chesina alfa jetlanu twaragaa vikrayinchadaaniki germany aasaktigaa undhi. fairchild-dornier aneka vimanalanu punaruddharinchadaaniki mariyu tudi viniyogadaarulaku maddatu ivvadaaniki US $43 millionla oppandaanni andukundi. rendu vidibhaagaalato sahaa maroe 32 vidibhagalu united arab emiratesku vikrayinchabaddaayi, ayithe vivaralu aspashtamgaa unnaayi. austrian aadhaarita "flying bulls" vimaana pradarsana brundam upayoginchinavi, ivi classic vimaanaala shrenini eguravestaayi, vanti anekam private yajamaanulaku kooda vikrayinchabaddaayi.
nigeria.
1990loe, nigerian vaimanika dalaaniki chendina naalugu alfa jetlanu liberialo unna paschima african raashtraala paryaveekshanha brundam (ikog) dalaala aardhika samaajaaniki maddatugaa moharinchaaru, ivi liberian antaryuddhamlo antarjaateeya jokyam taruvaata liberia (npfl) jaateeya deshabhakti frontho poraatamlo nimagnamayyayi. varusa daadulaloo, eee vimanalu charless taylor yokka hetch. kyuu, tirugubaatu kaanvaaylu mariyu shipping, mariyu roberts antarjaateeya vimaanaasrayamloo tupaki emplacementlapy vijayavantamaina daadulanu lakshyamgaa chesukuni praarambhinchaayi; vaari jokyam yokka phalitaalanu "newyork times" anchanaa vesindi, tadwara agni saktilo eekomog dalaalaku nirnayaatmaka prayojanaanni ichindi.
1992loe, aaru nigerian alfa jetlanu neerugaa ikamog command kinda unchaaru, mariyu vaimanika daadulu, rahadari aankshalu missionlu, anty-shipping saarteela mariyu raatri daadula (alfa jett saadhaaranamgaa cheyaleni pani) vistrutamaina prachaaramlo nplfku vyatiraekamgaa niyaminchaaru. vaaru vidhvamsaaniki mundu vaatini pattukoovadaaniki bhusenalaku samayam ivvadaaniki kii vantenalanu niraakarinchadaaniki kooda vaaru niyaminchabaddaaru. mottamgaa, alfa jetlu eekomogku maddatugaa sumaru 3,000 yuddha karyakalapalanu nirvahinchaayi, etuvanti nashtalanu kaliginchaledu conny vimaana vidhvamsaka phirangula nundi kontha nashtanni kaliginchaayi.
2013loe, nigeria thana alfa jett vimanalanu tirigi sevaloki teesukuraavadaaniki charyalu teesukovadam praarambhinchindi, asalu 24loe 13nii seva cheyadagina sthithiki upgraded chesindi, endukante boko haramku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu nirodhaka karyakalapala kosam vaimanika maddatu missionlaloo paalgonadaaniki strike aircraft atyavasara avasaram undhi. marchi 2016loe, nigerian kaaru tayaareedaaru inosan vaahana tayari (ivm) alfa jett kosam bhagalu mariyu vividha vidibhaagaalanu utpatti cheyadaaniki nigerian vaimanika dalamtho sarafara oppandampai santakam chesindi. 2015loe, nigeria united states nundi naalugu adanapu vimanalanu arder chesindi; eee vimanalu sainika rahitamai, poura kaaryakalaapaalaku siddhamgaa unnaayi, ayithe nigeria 2016 praarambhamlo veetilo rendintini paerkonabadani saayudha aakruteekaranaku tirigi ichindani samacharam.
punaruddharinchabadina alfa jett fores yuddha vaimanika gasteelo mamuluga niyaminchabadindi, mariyu aneka samvatsaraalugaa boko haram ugravaadulaku vyatiraekamgaa aneka vaimanika daadulu nirvahinchindi. 2014 septembarulo, bahula alfa jetlu snehapoorvaka bhuu dalaala upasamharana taruvaata nagaranni tirigi pondadaaniki poraata samayamlo, baama, borno state praantamloo mariyu chuttupakkala pedda sankhyalo vaimanika bambu daadulanu nirvahinchaayi. 2014 aktobaru praarambhamlo, boko haram vaaru swaadheenam chesukunna nigerian vaimanika dalaaniki chendina alfa jett yokka pilate anie perkonna sirachchaedam unna veediyoonu vidudala chesindi. marchi 2016loe, nigerian alfa jetlu chesina daadulu boko haram yodhulanu sambisa adavi, borno rashtram nundi tolaginchinatlu nivedinchabadindi.
31 marchi 2021naa, eshaanya nigerialoni borno raashtraaniki sameepamlo oka nigerian vaimanika dalam alfa jett (naaf475) boko haramku vyatiraekamgaa poraadutunna nigerian dalaalaku vaimanika maddatu andistuu adrusyamaindi, iddaru pailatlu tappipoyaaru, chanipoyinatlu bhaavinchaaru. jetnu koolchivesinatlu paerkontuu oka veediyo vidudala cheyabadindi, ayithe veediyo spashtamgaa siriya nundi munupati cliplatho sahaa vakreekarinchabadindi. tadupari daryaaptu pendinglo unna nigerian vaimanika dalam pramaadaaniki pramaadaaniki kaaranamani perkondi. ayithe, veediyo loe boko haram yodhulu pramaada sthalamlo mariyu pailatla avasheshaalanu chuupimchaaru.
18 juulai 2021naa, oka naera samstha koolchivesina sainika jett arudaina sanghatanalo, naera mutaalaku vyatiraekamgaa jamphara mariyu kaduna raashtraala sarihaddulo nishedha mission nirvahinchina taruvaata oka alfa jetnu kalchi champaru. kaalpulaku saayudha mutaala nundi teevramaina kaalpulu jariginatlu sainyam aaropinchindi. pattubadakunda tappinchukunna tarvaata, pilate bayataku velli, sainika sthaavaraaniki tirigi vacchaadu.
belgium.
1973 septembaru 13naa belgian rakshana mantri 16 mariyu 17 vimaanaala rendu byaachlalo 33 alfa jetlanu arder chesinatlu prakatinchaaru. eee vimaanaalaku "alfa jett 1bii" anae paeru pettaru, belgian vimaana tayaareedaaru sabka dwara eee assembly pani nirvahinchabadindi. 1978 mariyu 1980 madhya delivareelu jarigaayi. april 1981 natiki, belgian vaimanika dalam sikshana karyakalapala samayamlo vaari 33 alfa jetlalo 10,000 vimaana gantalanu sekarinchinatlu samacharam. alfa jett parichayam belgium yokka phouga cm.170 magister fleet padavee viramanaku daariteesindi; sikshanaa silabaslo maarpulalo kotta kramasikshana, "combined flight", alaage flight simulatorlanu ekkuvagaa upayoginchadam vantivi unnaayi.
1990la chivaralo mariyu 2000laloe, sabsa belgian vimaanamlo "alfa jett 1bii +" aakruteekaranaku aneka merugudalalu chesindi; merugudalalo lazer-gyro jadatva navigation system, gps receiver, mundu kaakpitlo hudd mariyu venuka bhaagamlo hudd repeater, veediyo recorder mariyu itara chinna merugudalalu unnaayi. 2000loe, prarambha alfa jett 1bii + belgian vaimanika dalaaniki tirigi pampinhee cheyabadindi.
alfa jett 2019loe dasalavaareegaa tolaginchabadindi. taruvaati samvatsaram 25 airframelu mariyu aneka vidibhagalu kenadian company top esesku vikrayinchabaddaayi, idhi pratyarthi vaayu poraata sikshananu andistundi.top aces 25 belgian air fores alfa jetlanu konugolu chesindi
eejipt.
1978 septembaru 17naa, dassault mariyu arab organization pharr industrialization (aio) alfa jett kosam licenses tayari oppandampai santakam chesaayi; aaa samayamlo, 160 alfa jetlu varaku desheeyamgaa eejiptlooni helvanlo utpatti cheyabadatayani anchanaa veyabadindi. aaa taruvaata koddikaalaanike, eejipt 30 vimaanaala kosam prarambha arder ichindi, veetini "alfa jett ms1" gaa niyaminchaaru, ivi praamaanika sikshakudi aakruteekaranaku chendinavi. fraanslooni dassault soukaryam nundi naalugu puurti vimanalu neerugaa sarafara cheyabaddaayi, migilina 26 vimanalu egyptulo ayy dwara nock down kitlanu upayoginchi desheeyamgaa sameekarinchabaddaayi.
1980la praarambhamlo, "alfa jett ms2" gaa paerkonabadina adanapu 15 vimanalanu arder chesaaru. alfa jett ms2 dassault pratipaadita "alfa jett engia" thoo adhika sthaayi saaruupyatanu kaligi undhi, indulo sagem-built ulis 81 naav/attack system, thomson-csf-built lazer range finder mariyu hood, digital multiplexes databaseto paatu unnaayi. eejiptu vaimanika dalam alfa jett ms1 vimanalanu ero ell-29 delphin mariyu mikoyan-gurevich maig-15 nuu sikshakudi paatralo bharti cheyadaaniki upayoginchindi, ayithe taruvaata nirminchina ms2 praamaanika vimanam maikoyan-gurevich maig-17 nuu ground-attack paatralo bharti cheyadaaniki upayogapadindi. fibravari 2000loe, eejipt vaari alfa jett vimanalanu bharti cheyaalani koorutuu, bay systems hock thoo sahaa aneka empikalanu parisoedhistunnatlu samacharam.
poura seva.
swiss samstha ruyag aviation dassault aviation sahakaaramtho alfa jett kosam puurti maddatu sevalanu andistundi; andinchina sevalalo saanketika mariyu logistic maddatutoe paatu recommissing, servicing, tanikheelu, system upgraded integration pani unnaayi. abbater ink. alfa jets usa" paerutoe washingtonloni arlington, united statesku aneka alfa jetlanu digumati chesukundi, eee samstha poura marketlo vyaktigata vimanalanu savarinchi vikrayistundi.
kenadian aviation specialist top aces daglas eah-4 skyhox mariyu alfa jetla samudaayaanni vaayu poraata sikshanaa vyayamalalo pratyarthi vimanaluga nirvahistundi; ivi tarachugaa vividha sainika khaataadaarula kosam oppandamlo nirvahinchabadataayi. bahula poura vaimanika pradarsana brundaalu "flying bulls" mariyu "mustang hye flight aerobatics" jatlu vanti alfa jetlanu sekarinchaayi. google executes laurie paejee, serjee brin mariyu eric schmidt yaajamaanyamloni mariyu leejuku teesukunna vimanalanu nirvahinche hetch211 anae private company, californialoni parvata veekshanhalo nassa yokka ames parisoedhanaa kendram aadhaaramgaa oke alfa jetnu nirvahistundi. idhi shaastreeya parikaraalatoe amarchabadi, parisoedhana prayojanaala kosam upayoginchabadutundani nivedinchabadindi.
2017 moodava traimaasikamlo praarambhamayye australia vaimanika vyavaharalu mariyu aavishkarana gaali raayal australian naevii kosam australian armi daadi niyantrika sikshana mariyu uparitala vyatiraeka sikshana (samudra-skimming kshipanulanu anukarinchadam) kosam australian rakshana dalaaniki moodu alfa jetlanu andistaayi. vaaru raaf bays vilium townloo untaaru.
itarulu.
alfa jett kosam gananeeyamaina videshee ammakalu aasinchabaddaayi, daani pradhana pratyarthi united kingdom yokka bay systems hock mundu eee rakam andubaatulo undhi. rendu rakalu, paatra mariyu specificationlalo saapekshamgaa saaruupyata kaligi undatam, oke oppandaalalo chaalaa vatiki pootii padatam mugisindi. eee pootii rendu vimaanaala gurinchi paerkontuu oka vimanayana vyaakhyaataku daariteesindihi
dantha teeram (edu vimanalu), moraco (24), nigeria (24), khatar (aaru) mariyu togo (aidu) thoo sahaa aneka itara deshaalu kooda alfa jett ii nuu pondaayi. german utpattiki chendina 24 nigerian vimanalu minaha eee yantraalannii french utpattiki chendinavi.
1979 mariyu 1981 madhya, raayal morocan vaimanika dalam 24 alfa jetlanu andukundi, ivi mcnesslo unna sikshanaa squadron mariyu naanhela squadronga vyavastheekarinchabaddaayi. alfa jetlu paschima sahara yuddha samayamlo polisario frontku vyatiraekamgaa strike missionlaloo upayoginchabaddaayi, vaatilo okati december 1985loe kaalchiveyabadindi.