
tribhujaalu

oka trainail, trainel, trennell ledhaa truenel, anedi chekka pegg, pinn ledhaa dowell, idhi kalapa mukkalanu, mukhyamgaa kalapa framelu, kappabadina vantenalu, chekka nauka nirmaanam mariyu padava nirmaanamloo, kalisi kattadaniki upayoginchabadutundi. idhi rendu (ledhaa anthakante ekkuva) nirmaanaatmaka kalapa mukkala (mortais mariyu tenan) dwara visugu chendina randhramloki nadapabadutundi.
charitra mariyu saadhaarana upayogam.
puraatana germany pradaesaala tavvakaallo puraavastu saastravettalu chekka golla jadalanu kanugonnanduna, kalapanu tenanga upayoginchadaanni 7,000 samvatsaraala kritam kanugonavacchu. trainails chaalaa podupugaa mariyu takshaname labhistaayi, ivi saadhaarana prarambha nirmaana samagriga marutayi. uttara americalo naukaanirmaanamlo trannellanu tayaaru chesetappudu nalla miduta mariyu airopalo aangla ook vaati balam mariyu kullina nirodhakata kaaranamgaa ishtamaina kalapa, ayithe bhavanaalalo erra ook vilakshanamainadi. saampradayakamgaa chekka boltsnu froga vibhajinchi, kshouram chese gurrampai dra naifto aakruti cheyadam dwara trinales mariyu pegs tayaaru cheyabadataayi. oka chekka mukka nundi chinna chinna mukkalanu kattirinchi, sahaja dhanyam kaaranamgaa baga panicheestaayi. trainile yokka dhanyam sweekarinche mortises yokka dhaanyaaniki lambamgaa nadustundi, idhi nirmaanaatmaka balaanni jodistundi. trainels saadhaaranamgaa vyaasamlo untaayi mariyu kathinamaina konalato chethitho tellabadataayi. gatti amarikanu srushtinchadaaniki mariyu mortise loe gharshananu sadviniyogam chesukovadaniki mortais nuu treenile kante chinnadigaa travvutaaru. trainel ledhaa anthakante podavaina sandarbhaallo, trainel itara sagam kante chinna aakaaramlo undaali. adhe sandarbhamlo mortisnu rendu bhagaluga travvutaaru, trainel yokka chinna bhaagaaniki chinna aggar mariyu praamaanika bhaagaaniki vilakshanhamaina aggar untundi. itara trainails pedda chivarana mortais kante podavugaa untaayi. trinellanu mortaisloki kottina tarvaata, vaatini kattirinchavacchu, vibhajinchavachhu mariyu gharshana saktini penche ook chinna mukkatho cheelchavachhu. cheelikaku pratyamnaayamgaa, treenile mottam chuttukolatanu vistarinche oka plug ledhaa panchnu kendraaniki andukovachhu. eee paddhati antaraalanu tagginchadam dwara sraavaalanu nirodhistundi, plugs mariyu guddulu challani ushnogratalalo padee avakaasam ekkuvagaa untundi. aadarsavantamgaa, trinale yokka mukkunu kattirinche mundu kalapa nundi 4 nundi 5 centimeters varaku subhramgaa nadapabadutundi. lohapu golla maadirigaa kakunda, trainails tolaginchabadavu (goppa prayatnam lekunda) ledhaa tirigi upayoginchabadavu. kalapa kunchinchukupotunnappudu ledhaa vistaristunnappudu fibers gharshananu srushtistaayi, adhi daanini soukaryavantamgaa mortise loki kaluputundi. oka trainel virigipoyinaa ledhaa viphalamaithe, adhi kattutunna kalapa chekkuchedarakunda unte, migilina trainelnu kattirinchi, soukaryavantamgaa saripoye pedda trainel thoo bharti cheyavachu. adanamgaa, trainels kalakramena kadalagala mariyu nirmaanaatmaka samagratanu nilupukogala saamarthyaanni kaligi untaayi.
nirmaanaalalo upayoginchandi.
upayoginchina treenile fastenerla kante takkuva spans kaligina prarambha mortais mariyu tenan trusslu. trus loe upayoginchinappudu, anusandhaaninche mortises madhyalo drill cheyabadataayi, tadwara trainel choppinchinappudu adhi kathinamaina keellanu srushtistundi. trus loe pedda sankhyalo trainails avasaram kabatti, trainails nuu thala mariyu muduchukunna chivarana unna laatnu aann cheyavachu, tarachugaa biginchi saripoyela adanapu podavutho unchutaaru. diguva teegaku tarachugaa 2-3 peglu avasaram mariyu idhi trus yokka balaheenamaina bhaagam. anduvalla trainel ovarla vyavadhilo vaiphalyaanni nirodhinchadu. gananeeyamaina sankocham sambhavinche sandarbhaallo, iron yuu-straplu ledhaa upabalaalanu upayoginchadam avasaram kaavacchu.
oodalloo upayoginchandi.
puraatana naukaanirmaanam padavanu okadaanitoe okati kattadaniki trinellanu upayoginchindi. vaaru "goru-anaaroogyam" kuu daariteeyakapovadam valla prayojanam kaligi unnaaru, idhi ksheenataku vegavantam mariyu loha fastenerla chuttoo kendrikrutamai undhi. neeti parimaanam peragadam valla kalapa vistaristundi, tadwara teppalu neetini grahinchinappudu vaatini gattiga pattukuntaayi. ayithe, trainel planking nundi bhinnamaina kalapa jaatigaa unnappudu, idhi saadhaaranamgaa tegulu kaligistundi. 1780la varaku raagi koseyadam meeda raagi gorlu marinta prachuryam pondhe varaku trinellu mariyu inupa gorlu sarvasadhaaranamgaa undevi. 1870la chivari natiki, vaanijya naavikaadala noukalu trainellu mariyu inupa boltlanu upayoginchaayi, ayithe unnata taragati noukalu raagi mariyu pasupu loha boltlu mariyu dumplanu upayoginchaayi. 1870la sampradaayamlo, konnisaarlu boltla sankhyanu penchadam minaha, saadhaaranamgaa oka bolt kuu naalugu trainails nishpattilo trainails upayoginchabadevi. taruvaati korvetlalo, nishpattini rendu trainails nundi oka boltga marcharu.
railumargalalo upayoginchandi.
prarambha victorian kaalamlo chekka sleeperlaku (tailu) railroad railu-maddatu "kurcheelu" bhadraparachadaaniki lohapu spikelaku pratyamnaayamgaa ilanti chekka trainail fasteninglanu upayoginchaaru. uttara inglandlo railumargala nirmaanamloo train linelanu vistrutamgaa upayoginchaaru.

