
taatkaalika kinetic isotope fraction

isotope bhinnatvaaniki daariteese praticharya swachchamaina modati-kramam gtsastranni anusarinchanappudu taatkaalika gatisambandha isotope prabhavalu (ledhaa bhinnam) sambhavistaayi, anduvalla isotopic prabhavalanu shaastreeya samathoulya binna sameekaranaalato ledhaa sthira-sthithi gathi binna sameekaranaalato (railey sameekaranam anie kooda pilustaaru) vivarinchalemu. eee sandarbhaalalo, jeevarasaayana isotope kinetics (gabic) kosam saadhaarana sameekaranaalu mariyu jeevarasaayana isotope fraction (gebif) kosam saadhaarana sameekaranaalanu upayoginchavacchu.
edainaa rasayana, utpreraka praticharya mariyu jeevarasaayana praticharyalalo isotopic prabhavalanu vivarinchadaaniki gabic mariyu gebif sameekaranaalu atyanta saadhaaraneekarinchina vidhanam, endukante avi samathoulya praticharyalu, gathi rasayana praticharyalu mariyu gathi jeevarasaayana praticharyalalo isotopic prabhavalanu vivarinchagalavu. taruvaati rendu sandarbhaallo, avi sthiramaina mariyu sthiramkaani bhinnatvam (i.ii., chararashi mariyu viloma bhinnam). saadhaaranamgaa, isotopic prabhavalu reactantla sankhya mariyu anni reactantlu mariyu utpattulalo pratyaamnaayaala sankhya phalitamgaa vachhe kalayikala sankhyapai aadharapadi untaayi. ayithe, khachitatvamto isotopic prabhavalanu vivarinchadam anedi isotopic prabhavalanu utpatti chese rasayana ledhaa jeevarasaayana praticharyanu vivarinchadaaniki upayoginche nirdishta raetu chattampai kooda aadharapadi untundi. saadhaaranamgaa, praticharya puurtigaa rasayanama ledhaa jeeva swabhaavam gala edainaa enjaimnu kaligi undaa anae daanitoe sambandham lekunda, isotopic prabhavalanu vivarinchadaaniki upayoginche sameekaranaalu modati-shreni gtsastrampai aadharapadi untaayi. eee vidhanam kramapaddhatilo railey sameekaranam dwara vivarinchagala isotopic prabhaavaalaku daariteestundi. eee sandarbhamlo, isotopic prabhavalu ellappuduu sthiramgaa vyakteekarinchabadataayi, anduvalla praticharya samayamlo bhinnatvam mariyu susampannata maarutuu ledhaa vilomamgaa unde praticharyalalo isotopic prabhavalanu vivarinchalevu. chaalaa rasayana praticharyalu modati-shreni gtsastranni anusarinchavu; jeeva rasayana praticharyalanu saadhaaranamgaa modati-shreni gatisastramto vivarinchalemu. rasayana ledhaa jeevarasaayana praticharyalalo isotopic prabhavalanu sarigga vivarinchadaaniki, mykhelis-menten praticharya kramaanni (rasayana praticharyala kosam) ledhaa coupled mykhelis-menten mariyu monode praticharya kramaanni (jeevarasaayana praticharyala kosam) upayoginchadam vanti vividha vidhaanaalanu upayoginchaali. ayithe, dheeniki viruddhamgaa maikhels-menten kinetics, gabic mariyu gebif sameekaranaalu sthirathvam laeni sthithi yokka parikalpana kinda parishkarinchabadataayi. eee lakshanam gabic mariyu gebif "taatkaalika" isotopic prabhavalanu sangrahinchadaaniki anumatistundi.
taatkaalika kinetic isotope prabhaavaala ganita vivarana.
gabic mariyu gebif sameekaranaalu ikkada krinda parichayam cheyabaddaayi.
sanketam.
gabic mariyu gebif sameekaranaalu eee krindi sthithi chararaasula gatiseelatanu vivaristaayi.
s mariyu p rendoo tracer anuvu yokka kaneesam oka isotopic vyakteekarananu kaligi untaayi. udaaharanaku, carbon muulakaanni tracerga upayoginchinatlayithe, s mariyu p rendintiloonuu kaneesam oka c anuvu untundi, idhi <kemm> ^ {12} c </kemm> mariyu <kemm> ^ {13} c </kemm> gaa kanipinchavacchu. anuvu lopala isotopic vyakteekarana
ikkada suutram _ 2 anedi s lopala unna tracer anuvula sankhya, ayithe suutram _ 3 anedi adhe anuvulo isotopic pratyaamnaayaala sankhya. sharatu suutram _ 4 santrupti chendaali. udaaharanaku, 1 isotopic pratyaamnaayam sambhavinche <kemm> enn2 </kemm> utpatti (udhaa.zii., <kemm> ^ {15} n ^ {14} n </kemm>) nuu <kemm> ^ 1 _ 2p </kemm> dwara vivaristaaru.
uparitalaalu mariyu utpattulu nirdishta stoichiometric gunakaalato rasayana praticharyalo kanipistaayi. rasayana praticharyalu vividha isotopic vyakteekaranalato reactantlu mariyu utpattula kalayikanu kaligi unnappudu, stoichiometric gunakaalu isotope pratyaamnaaya sankhya yokka vidhulu. suutram _ 5 mariyu suutram _ 6 suutram _ 1 uparitalam mariyu suutram _ 8 utpatti kosam stoichiometric gunakam ayithe, praticharya roopam teesukuntundi.
udaaharanaku, <kemm> {^ {14} sankhya3-} + ^ {15} sankhya3--> {{{14} {n}} {^ {15} {no}} </kemm> anae praticharyalo, sanketam <kemm> {^ 0 _ 1s} + {^ 1 _ 1s}-> {1 _ 2p} </kemm> anedi pratyaamnaaya sankhya suutram _ 11 mariyu suutram _ 12 thoo oke uparitalam yokka rendu isotopolag praticharyalaku suutram _ 10 thoo untundi, mariyu suutram _ 13 thoo <kemm> ^ 1 _ 2p </kemm> mariyu suutram _ 14 endukante praticharyalo <kemm> ^ 0 _ 2p = {14n2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/kemm/2/keey
isotopomerla kosam, pratyaamnaaya sthaanaanni suutram _ 15 mariyu suutram _ 16 gaa parigananaloki teesukuntaaru, ikkada suutram _ 17 mariyu suutram _ 18 oke isotopolag suutram _ 1 yokka vibhina vyakteekaranalanu suuchistaayi. suutram _ 20 unnappudu matrame isotopomerlu untaayi. tracer anuvula sankhya, pratyaamnaayaala sankhya mariyu anuvu nirmaanaanni batti pratyaamnaaya sthaanaanni pratyaekamgaa nirvachinchaali. tracer sthaanaaniki sambandhinchi samaruupata kaligina bahula paramaanu anuvulaku, suutram _ 12 unnappudu pratyaamnaaya sthaanaanni paerkonavalasina avasaram ledhu. udaaharanaku, samaruupata methane anuvu <kemm> cdh3 </kemm> loe deuterium <kemm> d\ =\{2h} </kemm> yokka oka pratyaamnaayaaniki saraina superscript vadakam avasaram ledhu. suutram _ 22 vishayamlo, pratyaamnaaya sthaanaanni perkonavalasi untundi, ayithe <kemm> chd3 </kemm> mariyu <kemm> cd4 </kemm> kosam idhi avasaram ledhu. udaaharanaku, <kemm> cd2h2 </kemm> loe rendu dii pratyaamnaayaalu prakkane ledhaa prakkane laeni pradaesaalaloo sambhavinchavachhu. eee sangnaamaanaanni upayoginchi, praticharya <kemm> {cd2h2} + {2o2}-> {h2o} + {d2o} + {co2}, </kemm> nuu ilaa vraayavacchu
ikkada suutram _ 17 anedi <kemm> {^ 2 _ 4s} ^ {\beta} </kemm> loe rendu methane roopaalalo okadaanni matrame nirvachistundi (prakkane ledhaa prakkane laeni d anuvulatho). praticharya yokka kudi vaipuna utpatti cheyabadina rendu isotopolag neeti anuvulalo d yokka sthaanam soochinchabadaledu endukante d anedi santruptata vadda oke neeti anuvulo untundi, mariyu neeti anuvu samaruupata kaligi untundi. suutram _ 24 thoo asamaana mariyu bahula paramaanu anuvula kosam, pratyaamnaaya sthaanam yokka nirvachanam ellappuduu avasaram. udaaharanaku, (asymmetric) nitrus oxide anuvu <kemm> n2o </kemm> yokka isotopomerlu <kemm> ^ 1 _ 2s ^ \beta = {{{15} n} {^ {14} no} </kemm> mariyu <kemm> ^ 1 _ 2s ^ \gamma = {{{14} n} {^ {15} no} </kemm>.
asamaana isotopomerla praticharyalanu vibhajana gunakam upayoginchi ilaa vraayavacchu
ikkada suutram _ 26. udaaharanaku, n isotope tracerlu upayoginchi, isotopomer praticharyalu
prati isotopomer utpattini daani vibhajana gunakam dwara guninche oka praticharyagaa vraayavacchu
suutram _ 27 thoo. marinta saadhaaranamgaa, tracer moolakam tappanisarigaa oka uparitalam mariyu oka utpattilo matrame sambhavinchadu. suutram _ 28 uparitalaalu suutram _ 29 utpattulanu vidudala chestu pratispandiste, prati okkati tracer moolakam yokka isotopic vyakteekarananu kaligi unte, appudu saadhaaraneekarinchina praticharya sangnaamaanam
udaaharanaku, praticharyalo <kemm> ^ {16} oo </kemm> mariyu <kemm> ^ {18} oo </kemm> tracerlu pariganinchandi.
eee sandarbhamlo pratispandananu ilaa vraayavacchu
anni anuvulu samaruupamgaa unnanduna pratyaamnaaya sthaanaanni suuchimchakumdaa rendu uparitalaalu mariyu rendu utpattulato.
rakam () yokka jeevarasaayana gathi praticharyalu tarachugaa utpreraka praticharyalu, dheenilo okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva uparitalaalu, suutram _ 30, oka enjaimtho bandhinchi, e, oka reversible activated complexes, c nuu yerparustaayi, idhi okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva vidudala chestundi.
utpattulu, formula _ 31, mariyu uchita, maarani enjaim. eee praticharyalu mykhelis-menten kinetics dwara vivarinchagala praticharyala rakaniki chendinavi. uparitalam mariyu utpatti isotopolag mariyu isotopomer vyakteekaranala kosam eee vidhananni upayoginchadam, mariyu vaati madhya suuchimchina stoichiometric sambandhaala prakaram, mykhelis-menten rakam yokka saadhaarana praticharyalaku daariteestundi.
suuchika suutram _ 32 thoo, idhi anni isotopolaglu mariyu isotopomerla madhya saadhyamayye anhu kalayikala sankhyapai aadharapadi untundi. ikkada, suutram _ 33, suutram _ 34, mariyu suutram _ 35 anevi prati "m" praticharyalaku suuchika cheyabadina raetu sthiraamkaalu.
udaaharana.
pratispandanalu
ilaa vraayavacchu
isotope dravyarashi samatulyata.
eee krindi isotope dravyarashi santulanam tappanisarigaa undaali
jeevarasaayana isotope kinetics (gabic) kosam saadhaarana sameekaranaalu.
edainaa saadhaarana jeevarasaayana praticharyalo kanipinche anni bhagala yekagratanu parishkarinchadaaniki () loe, enzymatic praticharya kosam mykhelis-menten kinetics biomass dynamics kosam monode kineticsto jatacheyabadutundi. atyanta saadhaarana sandarbham emitante enjaim gaadata jeevaraashi gaadataku anulomaanupaatamlo undani mariyu praticharya pakshika-sthiramaina sthithilo ledani bhaavinchadam. eee parikalpanalu eee krindi sameekaranaala vyavasthaku daariteestaayi.
\CE s ^ {\beta _ j} _ j]} {\CE {d} t} = \sum _ i
\CE p ^ {\gamma _ h} _ h]} {\CE {d} t} =
suutram _ 32 thoo, mariyu suutram _ 39 anedi prati praticharyalo atyanta parimita uparitalam yokka gaadata "i", z anedi enjaim digubadi gunakam, y anedi vidudala chesina utpatti yokka unitku jeevaraashi labhanni vyakteekarinchae digubadi gunakam mariyu suutram _ 40 anedi jeevaraashi maranaala raetu.
jeevarasaayana isotope fraction (jebif) kosam saadhaarana sameekaranaalu.
jeevarasaayana vyavasthalooni bhagala isotopic kuurpunu isotopic nishpatti yokka nirvachananni batti vividha margallo nirvachinchavacchu. ikkada moodu nirvachanalu vivarinchabaddaayih
isotopic nishpatti-nirvachanam 1.
vyavasthalooni prati bhaagaaniki sambandhinchi isotopic nishpatti, prati daani isotopic vyakteekaranhatho, daani atyanta samruddhiga unna isotopolag yokka gaadataku sambandhinchi
isotopic nishpatti-nirvachanam 2.
prati bhaagamlo tracer moolakam yokka dravyaraasiki sambandhinchi isotopic nishpatti;
ikkada, suutram _ 45 mariyu suutram _ 46 anedi uparitalam mariyu utpatti yokka prati isotopic vyakteekarana yokka paramaanu baruvu.
isotopic nishpatti-nirvachanam 3.
perukupoyina uparitalaalu mariyu utpattulaloni tracer moolakam yokka dravyaraasiki sambandhinchi isotopic nishpatti
isotopic kuurpu.
isotopic nishpatti yokka nirvachanamtho sambandham lekunda, uparitalam mariyu utpatti yokka isotopic kuurpu ilaa vyakteekarinchabadutundi
ikkada formula _ 49 anedi praamaanika isotopic ration. ikkada, isotopic nishpatti yokka nirvachanam 3 upayoginchabadindi, ayithe, isotopic nishpatti yokka moodu nirvachanaalalo deeninainaa samanamga upayoginchavacchu.
bhinnata karakam.
utpatti yokka isotopic nishpattini takshana isotopic nishpattini nirvachinchadaaniki upayoginchavacchu.
mariyu samaya-aadhaarita binna karakam
isotopic susampannata.
samaya-aadhaarita isotopic susampannata kevalam ilaa nirvachinchabadindi
gabic mariyu gebif yokka saralikruta roopaalu.
nirdishta anchanaala prakaram, gabic mariyu gebif sameekaranaalu rasayana mariyu jeevarasaayana praticharyalalo sthira-sthithi kinetic isotope bhinnam kosam sameekaranaaniki samanamga maarataayi. ikkada rendu ganita chikitsalu pratipaadinchabaddaayih (i) jeevaraashi-rahita mariyu enjaim-invariant (bfei) parikalpana kinda mariyu (ii) pakshika-sthira-sthithi (qss) parikalpana kinda.
bfei parikalpana.
jeevaraashi mariyu enjaim saandratalu kalakramena gananeeyamgaa maarani sandarbhaallo, jeevaraashi dynamics chaalaa takkuvagaa undani mariyu mottam enjaim saandrata sthiramgaa undani mariyu gabic sameekaranaalu marutayani manam anukovacchu.
eqs. () isotopic kuurpula kosam, eq. () fraction phyaaktar mariyu eq kosam. () susampannata karakam bfei parikalpana krinda gabic sameekaranaalaku samanamga vartistundi.
qss parikalpana.
bfei parikalpanaku adanamgaa pakshika-sthira-sthithi parikalpananu oohinchinatlayithe, briggs-haldane parikalpana prakaram sanklishta ekagrata sthiramaina (sthiramaina) sthithilo untundani bhaavinchavachchu, mariyu gabic sameekaranaalu marutayi.
\CE p ^ {\gamma _ h} _ h}} {\CE {d} t} \simec\sum _ {i = 1} ^ m\frac {u _ {\gamma _ {hi}} y _ {d _ {hi}} {k} _ {3 (i)} e _ 0\Overline {s} _ i} {\Overline {s} _ i + k _ i\left (
ivi edainaa uparitalam mariyu utpatti kosam shaastreeya michaelis-menten sameekaranaala maadirigaane vraayabadataayi. ikkada, vividha isotopolag mariyu isotopomer uparitalaalu pootii jaatulugaa kanipistaayani kooda sameekaranaalu chuupistunnaayi. eqs. () isotopic kuurpula kosam, eq. () fraction phyaaktar mariyu eq kosam. () susampannata karakam bfei mariyu qss parikalpana krinda gabic sameekaranaalaku samanamga vartistundi.
gabic mariyu gebif yokka anuvartanaaniki udaaharana.
ekakaalamlo jarige praticharyala samiti prakaram <kemm> n2o </kemm> viniyogam yokka isotopic praticharyalanu <kemm> n2 </kemm> loki vivarinchadaaniki gabic mariyu gebif sameekaranaalanu upayoginche oka udaaharana choopabadindi.
intaku mundu pravesapettina sangnaamaanaanni upayoginchi veetini tirigi vraayavacchu.
uparitalam <kemm> ^ 2 _ 2s\ =\{{15} n2o} </kemm> daani korata kaaranamgaa cherchabadaledu. adanamgaa, rendava mariyu moodava praticharyala yokka <kemm> enn2 </kemm> utpattilo isotopic pratyaamnaayaanni memu perkonaledu endukante <kemm> enn2 </kemm> samaruupata kaligi untundi. rendava mariyu moodava praticharyalaku oke vidhamaina praticharya raetlu suutram _ 50, suutram _ 51, mariyu suutram _ 52 unnayani bhaavinchi, puurti gabic mariyu gebif sameekaranaalu
bfei mariyu qss parikalpanala krinda gabic mariyu gebif yokka anuvartanaaniki udaaharana.
adhe praticharyanu bfeii mariyu qss ujjaayimpula krinda gabic mariyu gebif sameekaranaalato vivarinchavacchu
ikkada <kemm> k3 </kemm> nuu <kemm> k2 </kemm> thoo bharti chesaaru endukante raetu
moodava praticharyalo sthiraamkaalu vatiki samanamga bhaavinchabaddaayi.
rendava pratispandana.

