
gando samavesam

1909 gando convention () anedi imperial japan mariyu quing chaina madhya santakam cheyabadina oppandam, dheenilo japan corian loe gando anie piluvabade giandavo mariyu mount pektu paie chaina vaadanalanu gurtinchindi, dheeniki badulugaa japan eshaanya chainaalo railroad raayiteelanu pondindi ("manchuria"). japan longipoyina taruvaata, gando samavesam chattabaddhamgaa raddu cheyabadindi. chaina (appatiki jaateeyavaada mariyu communistu vargaala madhya vibhajinchabadindi) manchuria mariyu Mt yokka vaayuvya bhaganni swaadheenam chesukundi. 38va samaantaraaniki uttaraana unna korea prabhutvam (prastuta dprk ledhaa uttara korea prabhutvam), paiktu, enti yokka aagneya bhaganni niyantrinchindi. 38va samaantaraaniki uttaraana unna korea dveepakalpaanni niyantrinchadamtho paatu paiktu kooda.
eshaanya chainaalooni jilin provinceloni tumen nadhi uttara odduna unna gando/giandavo oka chaaritraka sarihaddu praantam, idhi adhika sankhyalo corian jaatulanu kaligi undhi.
chaalaa mandhi koreanlu gando oppandaanni chellanidigaa bhaavinchinanduna gandopai tiruguleni vaadananu konasagistunnaru.
nepathyam.
korealo jandavo ledhaa gando nedu eshaanya chainaalo bhaagam. puraatana kaalamlo eee praantaanni paalinchadamlo aneka vibhina rashtraalu mariyu tegalu okadaanikokati vijayavantam ayyayi, veetilo corian rashtraalu beo, gogurio mariyu balhe, taruvaata khitanlu mariyu jurchen zin raajavamsam unnaayi.
saampradayakamgaa, eee praantamloo uttara mariyu paschima praantaala nundi sanchaara tegalu, alaage tama swadeshaalalo ashanti, karuvu ledhaa itara saamaajika-raajakeeya paristhitula nundi paaripotunna koreanlu mariyu chaineeyulu nivasinchevaaru. chivariki, idhi mariyu migilina manchurialo ekkuva bhaagam manchas mariyu taruvaata king raajavamsam niyantranaloki vachindi. gando, koreatho sarihaddunu panchukunnanduna, 1800la prarambham taruvaata chivari josian raajavamsamlo digajaarutunna paristhitula nundi paaripotunna koreanlaku mukhyamgaa adhika-pounahpunya gamyasthanamgaa undedi.
19va sataabdam madhya mariyu chivari natiki, koreanlu gandolo nivasinche janabhalo ekkuva mandhi unnaaru, mariyu 1870laloe hohn chainees valasalaku mariyu 1881loe gandoku king manchurianu terichinappudu, appatike akkada nivasistunna pedda sankhyalo koreanlu 1712loe charchinchabadina sarihaddu vivaada samasyanu levanettaaru. upayoginchina aksharaalalo aspashtata, konni oohaagaanaalaku lobadi undhi, dheenini gandolo nivasistunna koreanlu taamu inca corian gaddapai unnamani cheppukovadaaniki telivigaa upayoginchaaru.
hohn chaineeyulu mariyu koreanlu tama tama prabhutvaala (quing mariyu josanne) dwara eshaanya chainaaloki sarihaddu kadalikaku sikshalu pustakaalalo undagaa, gandolo pattubadina koreanlanu quing adhikarulu koreaku tirigi pampinchaaru, eee nibandhanalu paedha paristhitula nundi paaripotunna prajalanu nirodhinchaledani, mariyu vaaru punaravasam mariyu siksha nundi tappinchukune prayatnamlo daavaa vaeyagaligaarani spashtamavutundi. asalu 1712 oppandamlo aspashtata kramamga adhikaarika josanne vidhanamgaa maarindi, conny josanne raajavamsam chaalaa gandaragolamlo unnappudu mariyu sarihaddunu tirigi sampradinche sthithilo lenappudu eee samayam varaku eee samasya talettaledu.
20va sataabdam praarambhamlo, korealo japan jokyam peragadamtho, ekkuva mandhi koreanlu gandoku paaripoyaaru, akkada vaarini konnisaarlu sthaanika quing adhikarulu kaarmika mariyu vyavasaya parignaanaaniki muulamgaa swaagatinchaaru. adanamgaa, koreapai japan niyantrana yokka eee ekikarana phalitamgaa (idhi 1910 japan-korea oppandamtho mugustundi, dheenitho japan koreanu swaadheenam chesukuni 1945loe mugisina koreapai japan aakramananu praarambhinchindi), japan mariyu paaschaatya saamraajyavaadamto daani swantha samasyalanu kaligi unna kingto punaruddharinchabadina sarihaddu samasyalanu korea tirigi sampradinchalekapoyindi.
japanese jokyalu.
1905 natiki, korea saamrajyam samarthavantamgaa japanese rakshita raajyamgaa maarindi (yulsa oppandam chudandi). adhe samvatsaramlo mugisina russia-japan yuddham phalitamgaa, korea puurtigaa chuttumutty japan dalaalatoe aakraminchabadindi. yuddhanni muginchadaaniki jarigina charchalu portsmouth oppandaaniki daariteesaayi, idhi "japan koreaku atyunnata raajakeeya, sainika mariyu aardhika prayojanaalanu kaligi undhi" mariyu japanku russia raayiteelatoo eshaanya asealo japan prabhavanni samarthavantamgaa nirdhaarinchindi.
1907loe japan dalaalu korea, chaina madhya unna randhraala sarihaddu loki chorabadi chorabadayi. konni nelala taruvaata, japaneeyulu sarihaddu samasyanu "parishkarinchabadaledu" anie pilicharu, endukante akkada janabhalo ekkuva mandhi ippatikee jatiparamga corian unnaaru; korea yokka samarthavanthamaina adhipatulugaa, vaaru korea prajalapai japan yokka adhikara paridhi gando varaku vistarinchaalani paerkonnaaru, mariyu aagashtu 1907loe gandopai daadi chesaaru, dheeni phalitamgaa chaina yokka quing paripalana giandavoku thana vaadananu nokki chebutuu 13-paayintla kandananu jaarii chesindi.
chainaatho korea sarihaddu vivaadam mariyu gandoloni pedda sankhyalo unna koreanlu eshaanya asealo evarikee rahasyamgaa lenanduna, conventionlo jabita cheyabadina chaina japanku raayiteelanu manjuru cheyakapothe japan saamrajyamlo bhaagamgaa gandonu koreaku claim cheyamani ottidi konasaaginchadaaniki sambhaavya muppuga gando conventionnu japan pratipaadinchi undavacchu.
nibandhanalu.
oppandaalu mariyu oppandaalu, aaa yugamlo tarachugaa ekapakshamgaa unnappatikee (asamaana oppandaalanu chudandi), tarachugaa atuvanti oppandaalapai santakam chese anni paarteelaku kaneesam namamatramga raayiteelanu kaligi untaayi. japan gandonu chaina bhoobhagamgaa gurtinchadaaniki mariyu oppandam kudurchukunna thedhee nundi rendu nelallopu daani dalaalanu tirigi korealoki upasamharinchukovadaaniki angeekarinchindi. dheeniki badulugaa, chaina itara vishayaalatoe paatu, manchurialo pratyeka railroad hakkulanu japanku manjuru chesindi. eee sadassulo chaina paalanalo corian jaatula rakshana mariyu hakkula kosam nibandhanalu kooda unnaayi.
korea vaadanalu.
korea vaadana paakshikamgaa 1712 sarihaddu oppandamlo (korea vaipu) aspashtatagaa bhaavinchina daanipai aadharapadi undhi, idhi quing raajavamsam (aaa samayamlo chainanu paalinchina) mariyu josian raajavamsam (aaa samayamlo koreanu paalinchina) madhya jarigindi; oppandam aamodinchabadina 150 samvatsaraala varaku, manchuria mariyu gandolanu king hohn chainees valasalaku terichinappudu, idhi vaastavaaniki mallee samasyaga maaraledu.
1909loe gando conventionpy santakam chese samayaniki, korea saamrajyam sampradinchabadaledu mariyu oppandam yokka chattabaddhatanu vivaadam cheyadaaniki maargam ledhu, endukante idhi appatike japanese saamrajyam yokka rakshita praantam mariyu sarihaddu vivaadaanni swatantra rashtramgaa parishkarinchadam ledhaa tirigi sampradinchadam nundi tappanisarigaa nirodhinchabadindi.
korea bhuubhaagam/paalana ledhaa saamraajya japan chesina vaadanalatoe vyavaharinchae itara asamaana oppandaala (yulsa oppandam mariyu 1910 naati japan-korea oppandam vantivi) maadirigaane gando oppandaanni kooda upasamharinchukovaali mariyu korea madhya sarihaddu vivaadaanni sarididdaali (prastuta rendu korealalo edhi indulo bhagaswamy kavalane daanipai ekaabhipraayam laenappatikee) mariyu peeples republic off chaina.
aadhunika yugamlo.
1945 augustulo koreapai japan aakramana mugisinappudu, uttara korealoni soviet paripalana mariyu dakshina korealoni american paripalana gandoni tirigi pondadaaniki ekikruta korea prayatnaalaku aatamkam kaliginchaayi. ayithe, gando sampradaayam chattabaddhamgaa raddu cheyabadindi mariyu uttara korea pektu parvataaniki dakshinaana unna praantaanni niyantrinchadam praarambhinchindi. 
1961loe, chaina mii. tiki dakshinaana dozenla koddi kilometres sarihaddunu perkondi. pekdu. uttara korea gandopai daavaato jaateeya pataanni prachurinchadam dwara nirasana vyaktam chesindi. ayithe, gandopai uttara korea vaadana, gando convention lineku dakshinaana unna praantampai chaina vaadana teevramainavi kaavu. gando convention line mariyu pektu parvatam madhya unna praantam teevramgaa vivaadaaspada praantam.
1962 mariyu 1963 madhya, uttara korea chainaatho rendu oppandaalapai santakam chesindi, ivi yaalu/amnok (chainees/corian paerlu) mariyu tumen nadula vadda rendinti madhya sarihaddunu parishkarinchaayi, mariyu swarga sarassulo aidava moodu vantula maera enty sikharam vadda undaalani nirdesinchaayi. bekdu uttara koreaku, aidava rendu vantulu chainaku velataaru.
ayithe, 1963 oppandam unnappatikee, uttara korea mariyu peeples republic off chaina madhya sarihaddu vivaadam konasaagindi. sino-soviet vibhajanalo uttara korea maddatu lekapovadam patla pratispandanagaa, chaina uttara korea thana enty sikharamlo bhaganni vadulukovalani demand chesindi. chainaku bekdu, mariyu marchi 1968 mariyu marchi 1969 madhya, uttara korea dalaalu mariyu chaina dalaala madhya aneka sarihaddu gharshanalu enteelo jarigaayi. bekdu praantam. chaina gando convention sarihaddunu punaruddharinchaalani korukundi. migilina enty kosam chaina demand chestundi. uttara korea mariyu chaina madhya sambandhaalanu punaruddharinchadaaniki 1970loe bekdunu tolaginchaaru. yaalu/amnok mariyu tumen nadulaloni daadaapu 80 saatam dveepaalapai uttara korea saarvabhoumatvaanni chaina gurtinchindi, alaage yaalu/amnok nadhi mukhadvaaramlo 90 saatam uttara korea niyantrananu kooda angeekarinchindi. ika bahirangamgaa charchinchanappatikii, 1963 oppandam kevalam oka chatram matrame anie, uttara korea ledhaa chainaku khachitamgaa kattubadi unde oppandam kaadani telustondi.
dakshina korea eee oppandaalanu gurtinchaledu, conny gandopai korea saarvabhoumatvaanni nokki cheppadaniki kooda teevramaina prayatnam cheyaledu. dakshina korea gandopai thana vaadananu adhikarikamga vadulukoledu, conny dakshina korea jaateeya patamlo sino-korea sarihaddu 1961 rekhanu anusaristundi. bekdu, mariyu maplo eee sarihaddunu vaastava sarihaddugaa angeekaristundi.
2004loe, dakshina korea prabhutvam eee krindi prakatnanu vidudala chesindi "korea sammati lekunda japan chattaviruddhamgaa santakam chesina 1909 gando samavesam, 1905loe koreaku dautya hakkulanu kolpoyina yulsa oppandam, ottidi dwara pondina shoonya oppandam, enthavaraku anedi chelladani maa prabhutvam bhaavistundi."october 22,2004naa, dakshina korea videsanga mantri baan kii-moone kooda gando samavesanni raddu cheyadampai vyakhyaaninchaaru. gando samavesam yokka chellubaatu svayamchaalakamgaa gando vivaadaanni parishkarinchadu mariyu antarjaateeya rajakeeyaalu gando vivaadaanni parishkarinche mana prayatnaanni kathinataram chestaayi" anie kooda nishedham perkondi."