
2010 pettubadidaarula rakshana mariyu securityla samskarana chattam

pettubadidaarula rakshanalu mariyu securityla niyantranalo merugudalalu anedi united states chattam, idhi 2010 yokka chaalaa vistrutamaina mariyu pedda-fraank wall streat reform und consumer protection act yokka sheershika ix, section 901 nundi 991 varaku untundi. dheeni pradhana uddesyam securitylu mariyu exchange commission, credit rating samsthalu mariyu viniyogadaarulu mariyu broker-dealerlu ledhaa pettubadi salahaadaarula madhya adhikaralu mariyu nirmaanaanni savarinchadam. eee sheershikalo vividha adhyayanalu mariyu nivedikalu sec mariyu prabhutva jawabudari karyalayam (gavo) nundi korabadatayi. eee sheershikalo tommidi upasheershikalu unnaayi.
upasheershika a-perugutunna pettubadidaarula rakshana.
upasheershika a loe eee krindi nibandhanalu unnaih
upasheershika broker-dealerlu mariyu pettubadi salahaadaarulu tama viniyogadaarulaku "viswasaneeya vidhi" avasaramayye nibandhanalanu vidhinchadaaniki sekku adhikaranni andistundi. eee chattam ventane atuvanti vidhini srushtinchanappatikii, atuvanti pramaanaanni sthaapinchadaaniki eee chattam sekanu adhikaram istundi mariyu broker-dealerlu mariyu pettubadi salahaadaarulu tama viniyogadaarulaku vartinche samrakshana pramaanaalanu sekanu adhyayanam chesi, 6 nelallopu phalitaalapai congressku nivedinchaalani korutundi. chattam prakaram, commission mariyu parimita utpatti paridhi sunkaanni ullanghinchadu mariyu pettubadi salaha icchina tarvaata broker-dealerlaku nirantara vidhulu undavu.
upasheershika bii-niyantrana amalu mariyu parishkaralanu penchadam.
upasheershika b anedi amalu yokka tadupari adhikaaraalanu istundi. indulo 2006loe irs sthaapinchina ilanti karyakramam aadhaaramgaa roopondinchina "visilblover bounty programme" kooda undhi; eee karyakramam oka vijayavantamaina second amaluku daariteese samacharanni andinche vyaktulaku $1 million kante ekkuva dravya aankshalalo 10 nundi 30 saatam andukovadaniki anumatistundi. sheershika kinda unna section 921, mundu-vivaadaaniki tappanisari kattubadi madhyavartitvaanni nishedhinchadaaniki seknu anumatistundi. 1934 securityla marpidi chattam yokka 17 (bii) prakaram pondina samacharanni bahirgatam cheyakunda ledhaa "nigha, pramaada madimpu ledhaa itara niyantrana mariyu paryaveekshanha kaaryakalaapaalato sahaa eee sheershika yokka prayojanaala kosam commission pondina" atuvanti samacharam "aadhaaramgaa ledhaa daani nundi pondina samacharanni bahirgatam cheyakunda section 929i minahaayistundi-antey pareekshala nundi pondina samacharam. eee kotta chattam aadhaaramgaa juulai 27,2010naa samachara swechcha chattam abhyardhananu seka tiraskarinchindi; ayithe registrants pareekshalaku anugunamgaa undataaniki eee chattaparamaina maarpu avasaramani secon perkondi, federal agencylaku vartinche vilakshanhamaina bahirgata niyamaalanu nivaarinchadaaniki sekannu anumatinchinanduku eee nibandhana vimarsinchabadindi.
mukhyamgaa, securityla marpidi commission "nigha, pramaada madimpu ledhaa itara niyantrana mariyu paryaveekshanha karyakalapalu" vanti upayogaala kosam pondina recordulu ledhaa samacharanni bahirgatam cheyakudadani anumatinchadaaniki 1934 yokka sec chattam mariyu 1940 yokka pettubadi samstha chattanni section 921i savaristundi, idhi nyaya ledhaa congress vichaarana nundi samacharanni nilipiveyakapovachhu. eee maarpu yokka prabhaavavantamaina phalitam emitante, yuu. ess. friedam off information act ikapai sekandku vartinchadu; secondary thana niyantrana mariyu paryaveekshanha karyakalapalalo bhaagamgaa bhaavinche patraalanu sarafara cheyadaaniki niraakarinchavacchu. gatamlo, samachara swechcha abhyardhanalanu tiraskarinchetappudu vaanijya rahasyaala kosam unna swalpa minahaayimpunu upayoginchindi.
upasheershika sii-credit rating agencyla niyantranalo merugudalalu.
jaateeyamgaa gurtimpu pondina ganaanka rating samsthalu (nrsro) thoo sahaa credit rating agencylu jaarii chesina credit ratingsnu gurtinchadam, jaateeya praja prayojanaaniki sambandhinchina vishayalu, credit rating agencylu runa marketlo keelaka "gatekeepers" anie, muuladhana nirmaanam, pettubadidaarula vishwaasam mariyu samarthavanthamaina paniteeruku kendramgaa unnayani united states aardhika vyavastha, congress credit rating agencyla niyantrananu vistarinchindi.
iteevali aardhika sankshobham samayamlo vaddii sangharshanhalu mariyu doshaala yokka phalitaalanu upasheershika sii udaharinchindi, idhi aardhika samsthalu mariyu pettubadidaarula pramaadaala durviniyoga nirvahanaku gananeeyamgaa dohadapadindi, idhi united states aardhika vyavastha yokka aarogyaanni pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitam chesindi, endukante credit rating agencyla dwara javaabudaareetanam mariyu paaradarsakata peragadaaniki avasaramaina karakalu.
upasheershika sii anedi nrsrlapy paryaveekshanhanu andinchadaaniki mariyu atuvanti samsthala merugaina niyantrananu andinchadaaniki credit ratings (ocr) karyalayam yokka sekanu dwara srushtinchadaanni aadesistundi.
jaateeyamgaa gurtimpu pondina ganaanka rating samsthala (nrsr) merugaina nibandanalalo ivi unnaih
notice icchina taruvaata mariyu nrsr vinikidi tarvaata samagratato credit ratinglanu utpatti cheyadaaniki vanarulu lekapothe, oka nirdishta taragati ledhaa upavarga securitylaku sambandhinchi nrsro namodunu tatkalikamga nilipiveyadaaniki ledhaa saasvatamgaa upasamharinchukovadaaniki commissionku adhikaram istundi. eee chattam yokka adanapu keelaka nibandhanalu
adanamgaa, upasheershika sii kii nrsro swaatantryaanni balopetam cheyadampai adhyayanam nirvahinchadaaniki sekanu avasaram mariyu consulting, advisory mariyu itara sevala vanti credit rating jaareeki sambandham laeni sevala paniteeru nundi utpannamayye akrama vaddii sangharshanhalanu nivaarinchadaaniki maargadarsakaalanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki sekanu thana ruul making adhikaranni upayoginchukovalani sifaarsu chestundi. eee chattaniki united states yokka controller general nrsrolaku pariharam chellinchadaaniki pratyaamnaaya vyapara namuunaalapai adhyayanam nirvahinchaalsina avasaram undhi.
upasheershika dii-aasti-maddatu gala securitization prakriyaku merugudalalu.
upasheershika dloe, "aasti-maddatugala bhadrata" anae padaanni sthira-aadaayam ledhaa runa, leeju, tanakha vanti yea rakamaina sweeya-draveekarana aardhika aasti dwara itara bhadrata anushangikamgaa nirvachinchaaru, idhi aasti-maddatugala bhadrata yajamanini anumatistundi (udhaa.) runam. niyantrana prayojanaala kosam, aasti-maddatugala securitylu (veetike parimitam kakunda) sahaa vivarinchabaddaayih
niyantrana prayojanaala kosam, aasti-maddatugala securitylalo daani maatru samstha ledhaa maatru samsthachae niyantrinchabade companyki aardhika anubandha samstha jaarii chesina securitylu undavu. chattam chesina tommidi nelallopu, edainaa securitizer credit risklo kontha bhaagamlo aardhika vaddeeni nilupukovalasina avasaram gurinchi niyamaalu mariyu nibandhanalu jaarii cheyabadataayi. aastula kosam nibandhanalu
pratyaekamgaa, securitizerlu
eee nibandhanalu, nivaasa tanakhaalu, vaanijya tanakhaalu, vaanijya runaalu mariyu vaahana runaalatoe sahaa parimitam kakunda, securitydarla kosam pratyeka niyamaalato aneka aasti taragatulanu suuchistaayi. sec mariyu federal banking agencylu samyuktamgaa minahaayimpulu, minahaayimpulu mariyu niyamaala samasyalaku sardubaatlanu jaarii cheyavachu, avih
adanamgaa, eee krindi samsthalu mariyu kaaryakramaalaku minahaayimpu undih
eee sec jaarii chesevaarini vargeekarinchi, aasti-maddatugala securityla jaarii chese prati taragatiki tagina avasaralanu suuchimchavachchu. prati vidata ledhaa bhadrata yokka taragati kosam, aaa bhadrataku maddatu ichhe prati aastini gurtinchadamlo sahayapade samacharanni bahirgatam cheyadaaniki aasti-maddatugala bhadrata yokka prati jaareedaaruni avasaramayye nibandhanalanu kooda sec sweekaristundi. chattam chesina aaru nelallopu, aasti-maddatugala securityla marketinglo praatinidhyaalu mariyu vaaranteelanu soochinche nibandhanalanu sec jaarii chestundih
securityki antarleenamgaa unna aastula yokka tagina shraddhatho kuudina vislaeshanha/sameekshanu mariyu aaa vislaeshanha yokka bahirgatam kooda sekanu suuchistumdi.
upasheershika ii-javaabudaareetanam mariyu karyanirvahaka pariharam.
chattam amaluloki vacchina oka samvatsaramlone, nashtaparihara vibhagala avasaralaku anugunamgaa laeni jarichesevari yokka edainaa bhadratanu jabita cheyadaanni nishedhinchadaaniki jaateeya securityla marpidi mariyu sanghaalanu nirdesinche niyamaalanu sec tappanisarigaa jaarii cheyali. kaneesam prati 3 samvatsaraalaku okasari, oka public corporation executive pariharam yokka aamodam vaataadaarulaku samarpinchaalsi untundi. mariyu prati aaru samvatsaraalaku okasari vaataadaarula otuku samarpinchabadaali, karyanirvahaka pariharam yokka avasaramaina aamodam prati moodu samvatsaraalaku okasari kante ekkuvagaa undala vadda. vaataadaarulu naan-binding ootu dwara kaaryanirvaahakulaku edainaa bangaaru parachute pariharanni tiraskarinchavacchu. stock yokka sherla viluvalo edainaa maarpu mariyu jarichesevari dividendlu mariyu edainaa pampineelanu parigananaloki teesukuni, vaastavaaniki chellinchina karyanirvahaka pariharam mariyu jarichesevari aardhika paniteeru madhya sambandham gurinchi vaataadaarulaku teliyajeyali
nashtaparihara packagelo bhaagamaina equity securityla market viluvalo edainaa taggudalanu rakshinchadaaniki ledhaa bharti cheyadaaniki roopondinchina aardhika saadhanaalanu konugolu cheyadaaniki edainaa udyogi ledhaa directorla boardu sabhyuniki anumati undaa anie kooda company vaataadaarulaku velladistundi. directorla parihara kamitee boardu sabhyulu directorla boardu, parihara salahaadaaru ledhaa leagal councillo swatantra sabhyudiga untaaru, idhi sec jaarii chesina nibandhanala prakaram untundi. samakhya niyantrakaalu, eee chattam amaluloki vacchina 9 nelallopu, oka cover cheyabadina company tagina samakhya niyantrikaku, niyantrakam nirnayinche tagina samaachaaramtho anni prothsaahaka-aadhaarita parihara erpaatlanu bahirgatam cheyalane nibandhanalanu nishedhinchaalih
f-securityla nirvahana mariyu marpidi commission merugudalalu.
upasheershika f loe agency saamarthyaanni penchadaaniki uddesinchina vividha nirvaahaka maarpulu amalu cheyabadataayi, veetilo antargata niyantranalapai nivedikalu, gavo adhipati (united states yokka controller general) dwara sibbandi nirvahanapai traivaarshika nivedika, agencylo samasyalanu nivedinchadaaniki udyogulaku hotline, jaateeya securityla sanghaala paryaveekshanhapai gavo nivedika mariyu sec yokka samskaranalapai salahaadaaru nivedika untaayi. sheershika yokka upasheershika zhe kinda, secon "match funding" dwara nidhulu samakuurustumdi, dheeni ardham daani budget filing feezu dwara nidhulu samakuurustumdi.
upasheershika zii-corporate palananu balopetam cheyadam.
sub taital zii prakaram, directorla bordulo sabhyatvaaniki vyaktulanu nominate chese uddesyamto company yokka proxy abhyardhana saamagrini upayoginchadaaniki vaataadaaruni anumatinche avasaranni kaligi unna niyamaalu mariyu nibandhanalanu jaarii cheyavachu. oke vyakti directorla boardu chairmanga mariyu cheef executive officerga enduku panicheyaali ledhaa ververu vyaktulu directorla boardu chairmanga mariyu cheef executive officerga enduku panicheyaali anae kaaranaanni kooda company pettubadidaarulaku teliyajeyali.
upasheershikalu hetch-munisipal securities.
saasanam yokka eee nibandhana trust yokka haameeni srushtistundi, idhi sevalanu andinche edainaa munisipal samsthalatho munisipal salahaadaaru (pettubadulaku sambandhinchi rashtra mariyu sthaanika prabhutvaalaku salaha ichhe) thoo sambandham kaligi untundi. idhi munisipal securities ruul making boardu ("msrb") yokka aakrutini kooda maarustundi mariyu controller general munisipal bahirgatam mariyu munisipal marketlaku sambandhinchina adhyayanalanu nirvahinchaalani aadesistundi. kotta msrb padihenu mandhi vyaktulatoe koodi untundi, munisipal salahaadaarulanu niyantrinche adhikaram kaligi untundi mariyu vaanijya samaachaaraaniki sambandhinchi rusumu vasoolu cheyadaaniki anumatinchabadutundi. alaage, controller general aneka sifaarsulu cheyaalani tappanisari, veetini chattam amalu chesina garishtamgaa 24 nelallopu congressku samarpinchaali.
upasheershika i-public company accounting paryaveekshanha boardu, portfolio marging mariyu itara vishayalu.
upasheershika i anedi public company accounting paryaveekshanha boardu (ledhaa pcaob) sthaapanaku sambandhinchinadi. dhruveekarinchabadina public accounting samsthala paryaveekshanhanu sthaapinche adhikaram pcabki undhi. upasheershika i nibandhana runaalu teesukoovadaaniki securitylaku sambandhinchi avasaramaina niyamaalanu adhikaram ivvadaaniki sekanu anumatistundi. aardhika parisrama yokka eee rangamlo samuchitamgaa bhaavinchina vidhamgaa paaradarsakatanu amalu chestundi. aardhika paryaveekshanhapai inspector general council, federal agencyla yokka aneka mandhi sabhyulatho (united states treasury vibhagam, fdic mariyu federal housing finance agency vantivi) erpaatu cheyabadutundi. aardhika paryaveekshanha merugudalapai drushti saarinchi, saadhaarana aardhika rangaaniki vartinche lavadevilapai drushti saarinchi, inspector general (indulo pratinidhula dwara ledhaa vyaktigatamgaa sec mariyu sii. eff. tii. sii nundi sabhyulu untaaru) thoo daetaanu panchukoovadaaniki council marinta sulabhamgaa anumatistundi.