
servies dayta unit

open systems interconnection (osi) paribhaashalo, servies dayta unit (sdu) anedi osi pora ledhaa upa pora nundi diguva poraku pampabadina dayta yokka unit. dayta yokka eee unit (ess. dii. yuu) inca diguva pora dwara protocol dayta unit (pii. dii. yuu) loki ponduparachabadaledu. aaa sdu appudu diguva pora yokka pdu loki ponduparachabadutundi mariyu prakriya anedi osi "stock" yokka phai, bhouthika ledhaa atyalpa poraku cherukune varaku konasaagutundi.
ess. dii. yuu. nii icchina pora yokka sevala viniyogadaaru pampina dayta samitigaa kooda bhaavinchavachchu, mariyu peer servies viniyogadaaruku ardhaparamgaa marakunda prasaram cheyabadutundi.
ess. dii. yuu mariyu pii. dii. yuu.
idhi pdu nundi bhinnamgaa untundi, pdu anedi sweekarinche chivaralo peer protocol poraku pampabade daetaanu perkontundi, diguva poraku pampabadataaniki viruddhamgaa untundi.
paina (n + 1) pora nundi edainaa pora (n) dwara aamodinchabadina sdu, paina pora (n + 1) yokka pdu. phalitamgaa sdu anedi icchina pdu yokka 'payload'. pora (enn) anedi headerlu ledhaa trailarlu ledhaa rendintinee ess. dii. yuu. kii jodinchavachhu mariyu detapai itara rakaala reformatting, recoding, splitting ledhaa transformationlu cheyavachu, okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva pora (enn) pii. dii. yuu. lanu yerparustundi. jodinchina sheershikalu ledhaa trailarlu mariyu itara saadhyamayye maarpulu oka muulam nundi gamyasthaanaaniki daetaanu pondadam saadhyamayye prakriyaloo bhaagam. pora (n) adanapu pora (n) pduss nuu kooda utpatti cheyavachu. diguva pora (n-1) kii ichhe dayta yokka prati unit pora (n-1) sdu gaa ivvabadutundi.
pora yokka pdu (n + 1), inca edainaa metadeta pora (n) jodinchinappudu; pora-n pdu garishta parimaanaanni minchipotundi (pora (n) yokka garishta prasaara unit anie pilustaaru); pora (n) kosam sdu bahula pelodlugaa vibhajinchabadaali; fragmentation anie piluvabade prakriya.
maak ess. dii. yuu.
maak ess. dii. yuu. ess ledhaa emm. ess. dii. yuu. ess anevi diguva oo. ess. ii porapai itara media access controllerla madhya prasaram cheyabade dayta unitlu. pdu pratiroopam mac pdu adhe pani chestundi conny adhe osi porapai. vyavasthalo maak ess. dii. yuu. la vale pedda maak pii. dii. yuu. luu unnappudu, packett aggregation kaaranamgaa maak pii. dii. yuu. loe ekkuva maak ess. dii. yuu. luu untaayi. maak pdulu chinnavi ayithe, packett vibhajana kaaranamgaa maak sdulu ekkuva maak pidiyulanu kaligi untaayi.