
oropom prajalu

oropom (ivoropom, ovaropom, oyoropom ledhaa oropoyi anie kooda pilustaaru) ugaandaalooni karamojalo chaalaa varaku aadima nivaasulu. kenyaalooni elgaon praantam mariyu paschima pokot, trans enzoya mariyu turkana praantaalu. vaari vaarasulu ekkuvagaa vaari puurvapu bhoobhagalalo unna vividha samajalalo kalisipooyaaru, veetilo iteso, karamojang, pokot, turkana mariyu bukusu unnaayi. avi turkwell nadhi, chemorongit parvataalu mariyu enty madhya chellacheduruga unna praantaalalo kanipistaayi ledhaa kanipistaayi. elgaon. vaaru gatamlo vargeekarinchani oropom bhashanu maatlaadataarani oka nivedika suuchistumdi.
muulaalu.
oropom anie piluvabade prajala gatha unikiki modati suuchana zhe chesina kshetra pani dwara jarigindi.zii.20va sataabdam madhyalo willson. ugaandaalooni karamoja praantamloo nivasistunnappudu, athanu kenyaalooni karasuk, turkana mariyu paschima pokot jillaallo kooda kanipinche raathi panimutlu mariyu prakruti yokka kundalatho sahaa vistrutamaina mariyu samruddhiga unna puraavastu saamagrini chushadu. willson "sekarinchina padaartham, mukhyamgaa kundalu, daani tayaareeloo entha unnata sthaayi naipunhyam mariyu kalaatmakatanu pratibimbistaayi, idhi spashtamgaa eee praantaalalo prastuta nivaasitula yokka chaalaa kathinamaina kundalatho sambandham kaligi ledhu" anie paerkonnaadu. oropom anie piluvabade prajala vaarasulu anie cheppukune kontamandi vyaktulu minaha vastuvula tayaareeni soochinche sampradaayaalu laeni chaalaa mandhi nivaasitulu athani oohanu dhruveekarinchaaru.
muulaalu.
webster prakaram, oropam nursory enty sameepamlo undhi. moroto, daani nundi vaaru napak mariyu mount elgaon madhya maidaanaaniki paschimaaniki vellaaru.
willson namodu chesina oropom sampradaayaalu vaari puraatana bhuubhaagaala paridhini swaadheenam chesukuntayi turkana sarassuku thoorpuna unna mottam turkana, dheenini oropom "malimalte" anie pilustaaru, thoorpuna chaeramgaani kondalu sarassu barringo varaku, trans-njoya jillaalo chaalaa varaku-annee prastuta kenya; mt. elgaon mariyu ugaandaalooni mottam tesso upa praantam; alaage sudan looni didinga mariyu toposa praantaalu.
ekikarana.
prastutam oropom vaari bhoobhaagamlo asalu nivaasulu anie, mariyu valasadaarula varusa alalu bhuubhaagampai daadi chesayani bhaavistaaru.
oropam bhuubhaagam yokka modati aakramanadaarulu proto-collengin matladevaru anie willson suuchimchaadu, veerilo nyangia, tiuso mariyu teps undavacchu.
vaari taruvaata maliri, ippudu zee desham mariyu ugaandaalooni dodoth desamloni pedda bhaagaalanu khachitamgaa aakramincharu. aaa jillaalaku vaari raaka 600 nundi 800 samvatsaraala kritam jarigindani anchanaa veyabadindi (antey.ii. c.1200 nundi 1400 AD varaku)
oropomlu vividha karimojang samuhaluga vamsaalagaa vileenam cheyabaddaayi (karimojang ethnography yokka amsaalu-phra. nava)
samajam.
roopaanni.
karimojanglo nivasinche mariyu oropom puurveekulu anie perkonna kontamandi vyaktulu vaari erupu godhuma rangu charmam, "pepper corn juttu", valuga unna kallu mariyu pramukha chempa emukala dwara vaeru cheyavachani willson (1970) paerkonnaadu. eee aadhaaramgaa athanu vaarini khoisan samuuhaaniki chendinavaarani paerkonnaadu.
1970loe, vaari pradhana gurthu nuditi madhyalo (mahilala kosam) unchina nuditipai amarchina oke courie shelnu dharinchadam ledhaa nuditi madhyalo (purushula kosam) indent chesina gurtunu dharinchadam.)
nivaasam.
oropomlo moodu nundi naalugu gadula (karamojang maadirigaa kakunda), pedda thotalu mariyu podavaina kommula pasuvulu baga nirminchina illu unnayani willson perkonna sampradaayaalu kooda swaadheenam chesukunnayi. vaaru manchi kummaruluga kooda prasiddhi chendaaru, mariyu vaariki aapaadinchabadina kundalu eee praantam antataa kanipistaayi.
dustulu.
streelu charma dustulu, pedda chevipogulu dharinchevaaru, juttunu pooyukoledu; purushulu tama purushaamgaanni kappukune belt tappa maremi dharinchaledu, podavaina pigtails kaligi undevaaru. iddaru lingaalu aneka gaajulu dharinchi, errati noone-narinja mishramtho tamanu taamu kappukunnaru.
parisramalu.
vaari panimutlu mariyu panimutlu chaalaavaraku raathi yugam kavatam valla vaariki inumu pani cheyadam gurinchi teliyadu anie willson pratipaadinchaaru.
matam mariyu acharalu.
vaari mataparamaina acharalu suuryoedaya samayamlo, saadhaaranamgaa raathi poralapai jarugutaayani chebutaaru. konnintiloo janthu bully kooda undedi. konni peddalaku ketayinchabaddayi, marikonni andarikee terichi unnaayi. raathi vruttaalalo aachaaraparamaina vindulu jarigaayi. oropom yokka chaalaa vruttaamtaalu vaaru sunnatini deeksha aacharamgaa aacharinchaledani perkonnaayi.
pocotozec-oropom sangharshana.
luu matladevari akoliga vistarana praarambhamlo zee anie piluvabade oka samuuham vidipovadaaniki kaaranamaindani moukhika sampradaayaalu suuchistunnaayi. gumpulo oka vibhagam gett turkan anie piluvabade konda nundi vachinappatikee zee gulu parisaraala nundi vacchaaru. luu matladevaru anie cheppabade vaaru, nayakulu kakunda peddalache paalinchabadataaru (vaari samskruti puurtigaa luu-aiz cheyabadaledani suuchistumdi), thoorpu vaipu munduku sagaru mariyu adilang vadda prastuta karamoja sarihadduloki pravesinchaaru. vaaru pravesinchina bhoobhaganni appudu maliri aakramincharu, vaarini coaton parvataala sameepamlo nettaru.
ippudu tamanu taamu turkana anie piliche zee nundi vacchina zee, kotido vadda pradhana zee janabha nundi vidipoyi, coaton vadda maliripai teevra ottidini tecchi thoorpuvaipu munduku saagadamtho aaa samuuham rendugaa vidipoyindi. oka vibhagam merril anie piluvabadindi, marokati tamanu taamu pocotozec anie piluchukuntundi.
oropompy ekkuva prabhavam choope pocotozec dakshinaana velli, moroto parvataaniki uttaraana unna turkana escorpment pedampai unna nakiloro cherukunnaru, akkada vaaru marinta dakshinaana vellae mundu kontakaalam basa chesaaru, chemorongit mariyu cherangani parvataala thoorpu vaipu diguvaku velli chivaraku barringo sarassu disalo kolustaaru.
eee chorabaatuto bearingo chuttoo sthirapadina oropomku bhangam kaliginchindi, deenivalla aaa samuuham vidipoyindi, idhi vividha disalalo valasalaku daariteesindi;
turkwell.
konni oropomlu turkwell loya krinda mariyu paina turkwell vaipu kadilaayi.
kwasin gishu.
itara oropomlu kwasin gishu masay aadheenamlo unna bhuubhaagamlooki marai. masai sampradaayam prakaram, kwasin gishu mariyu siriya samaajaala kootami kengalpai daadi chesindi, vaaru appudu nedu kwasin gishu anie piluvabade peethabhoomilo nivasinchaaru.
1916loe oka karamojang samacharakarta, nandi aakramita bhuubhaagam gatamlo uttaraana enzoya nadhi muulam varaku vistarinchi undani paerkonnaadu.ii. enty. elgaon, aaa taraaniki chendina taatala kaalam (i.ii praarambhamlo nundi 19va sataabdam madhya varaku).
kanyagareng & turkwell nadula koodali sameepamloni chuu konda vadda nandi vaaripai pedda daadi cheyadaaniki mundu karamojang uttara nandi vibhagalapai rendusaarlu daadi chesaaru. ikkada pacchika bayallu chestunna karamojong massinco vamsam pratidaadi chesi nandi daadi chesevaarini vijayavantamgaa tarimikottindi.
nandi daadiki pratispandanagaa, karimojang turkwell-njoya pareevaahaka praantaaniki sameepamlo unna nandini vichchinnam cheyadaaniki oka saktivantamaina dalaanni erpaatu chesindi, kaani dandayaatra tirigi vacchi nandi chaalaa dakshinaana upasamharinchukunnatlu nivedinchindi. aaa samayam nundi karamojang nadhi nandi chetha paaraveyabadaledu mariyu turkwell-njoya pareevaahaka praantam manushulu laeni bhoomiga maarindi.
chemorangit.
inca itarulu ippatikee oropom bhoobhaagamlo bhaagamgaa unna chemorongit parvataalaku (karasuk), alaage akkadaku paschimaana mariyu moroto parvataaniki dakshinaana unna praantaaniki vellaaru.
pocotozec vaaru ikapai baringoku uttara, paschima disallo baleeyamaina girijana samuuhaanni edurkovadam ledani kanugonnaru, taamu aaa disalo vistarinchaamu, itara oropomlanu chaeramgaani parvataala nundi mariyu marinta paschimaana enti elgaon vaalula varaku tarimikottaaru, tadwara turkana dakshina kadalikanu parimitam chesaaru.
udbhavistunna sebiilu enty elgaon oropomnu sirikwa anie soochinchadam gamaninchadagga vishayam. sirwa randhraala dwara rujuvu cheyabadinatlugaa, enti elgaon vadda sirikwa janabha chaalaa dattamgaa undhi mariyu vaari gurtimpu ippatikee chaalaa varaku chekkuchedarakunda undochu. idhi 18va sataabdam praarambhamlo kapcheliba vadda oropom yokka karimojang chedaragottadam dwara chivaraku oropom-sirikwa gurtimpunu munchivestundi.
kachaleebaalo yuddham.
1825 ledhaa 1830 loe kacheliba sameepamlo jarigina oka mukhyamaina yuddham ekkuvagaa oropom gurtimpu nundi bayataku ravadam suuchimchinatlu bhaavistaaru. eee yuddhamlo oka mukhyamaina amsam oropom tholu taadulatoe tamanu taamu kattukovadam. oropom vaarasulu eee encounternu srungaarabharitamgaa maarustaaru, idhi gamaninchinatlugaa;
"karimajang oropomnu kottadam konasaginchi, vaatini marinta dakshinaana nadipinchaaru. chivaraku oropom parugettadam valla alasipoyindi. vaaru tama charmala nundi tholu taadulu tayaaru cheyadaaniki tama pasuvulanu champadam praarambhinchaaru. evaruu paripokunda undenduku vaaru aaa taadulatoe tamanu taamu kattukunnaru. memu parugettadam alasipoyamu-manamandaram ikkada kalisi chanipovadam manchidi' anie vaaru chepparu."
marovaipu karimajang aaa samayamlo jarigina encounter mariyu oropom samajam yokka sthithi gurinchi krooramaina sainika anchanaanu andistaaru, vaaru gamaninchaaru;
"...vaari kavachalu mana kante peddavigaa undevi, conny avi aavu charmamtho tayaaru cheyabadinanduna panikiranivi. vaari eetelu maadhi kakunda, nandeela eetela maadirigaane undevi. memu taginanta balamgaa unnappudu, podavaina kommulu gala vaari pasuvulanu memu korukunnam, mariyu memu vaaritho goppa yuddham chesaamu. ayithe vaaru pirikivaallu, vaari peddalu maatho poradamani yuvakulanu balavantam cheyalsi vachindi; ilaa cheyadamlo, vaaru paripokunda undataaniki, vaarini okaripai okaru thaallatho bhadraparustuu, podavaina varusalo samavesaparicharu. idhi chaalaa moorkhatvam, endukante memu vaarilo okaru ledhaa iddarini champinappudu, vaari sareeraala baruvutho mottam line koolipoyindi mariyu vaaru padipoyina chota memu vaarini champamu."
appudu kondaru thoorpu ledhaa dakshinam nundi paaripoyaaru; 1927 chivari natiki konni oropom sthaavaraalu kacheliba mariyu kartha madhya migili unnayani cheppabadindi. konni praantaalu eee yuddham valla prabhaavitam kaaledu, mariyu oropom nakapiripirit jillaalooni piano counteeloo lolachat mariyu namalu madhya mariyu enti madhya praantamloo undipoyindi. elgaon mariyu emm. tii. kadam. dakshina suudaanlooni deedinga prajala sampradaayaalu kundalu tayaareeloo naipunhyam kaligina argit anie piluvabade "erra" prajalanu sthaanabhramsham chesinatlu spashtamgaa namodu chesaayi.
pravaasulu.
idhi.
itiso vamsa paerlu deerghakaala jaathi paraspara charyala charitranu velladistaayi mariyu veetilo bantu mariyu uttara nilotic muulaaniki chendina paerlu kanipistaayi. veetilo konni vamsa paerlu ivoropom muulaaniki chendinavi anie chebutaaru. kenyaalooni jopadholalo namodu cheyabadina sampradaayaalu vaari prastuta bhoomulalo rendu alala itiso sthaavaraalu unnayani suuchistunnaayi. modatidi kutumba aadhaaritamainadi mariyu saantiyutamainadi. dheeni taruvaata vistrutamaina mariyu dookudugaa valasalu jarigaayi, idhi 1850 natiki paschima ettaina kenya varaku vistarinchina pedda bhuubhaagam meeda itesonu niyantranalo unchindi.
turpin (1948) sekarinchina oka katha, itiso ekkuvagaa oropom nundi udbhavinchindani suuchistumdi, eee suuchananu aneka itara charitrakaarulu munduku tecchaaru. dakshina itesoni karamoja "iveropom" anie pilustaarani corp paerkonnaadu.
karimajang, turkana & teps.
konni oropomlu turkana mariyu teplalo chaeradaaniki uttara disagaa paaripoyaayi. willson prakaram, tamanu taamu oropomga bhaavinche prajalu (1970 natiki), mukhyamgaa mathenico mariyu zee kounteelalooni karamoja praantamloo kendrikrutamai unnaaru, mariyu kontavaraku bokoralo kendrikrutamai unnaaru; kontamandi enty yokka teps prajalalo kooda kanugonabaddaru. moroto mariyu emm. tii. kadam. itarulu piano counteeloo, mukhyamgaa lorengdwatt vadda kanugonabaddaru.
bukkusu.
itara saranaarthulu bukusu janabhanu penchaaru, akkada vaaru namodu cheyabadina ghnaapakasaktiloo vibhinnamaina jeevana vidhananni konasaaginchaaru.
kwasin gishu masai.
kontamandi oropom saranaarthulu thoorpu vaipu paaripoyi, kwasin gishu peethabhoomilo surakshitamaina aasrayam pondaaru, akkada vaaru yuu. eah. ess. nkishu maasaaytho balamgaa gurtinchabaddaaru.
pokot.
kontamandi saranaarthulu pokotlo cheraaru

