
umlamgaa, kwaajulu-natal

umlamgaa, pratyamnaayamgaa umlamgaa anie anuvadinchabadindi, idhi dakshinaafrikaalooni kwaajulu-natal teeramlo durbanku uttaraana unna nivaasa, vaanijya mariyu resort pattanam. idhi 2000loe srushtinchabadina ethekvini metropolitan munisipaalitiiloo bhaagam, indulo grater durban praantam kooda undhi. eee paeruku julu bhaashalo "naanhela pradaesam" anie ardham, mariyu umlamgaalo "hchl" yokka saraina uchchaarana velsh "ll" nuu pooli untundi.
idhi dakshina ardhagolamlo atipedda shopping maall ayina gateway theatre off shoppingku prasiddhi chendindi. idhi 183 meterla ettulo unna dakshinaafrikaalo rendava ettaina aakaasaharmyam, mutyaala aakaasaanni kooda kaligi undhi. dakshina aafrikaalo atyanta vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna pattanaallo umlamgaa okati; daani janabha 2001 janabha lekkala prakaram 15,387 nundi 2011 janabha lekkala prakaram 24,238 kuu perigindi.
umlamgaalo vaahanaala registrations natal kosam noor-enn thoo, umlanga raalla kosam urr thoo praarambhamavutaayi. eee vaahana namodu emdloti mariyu mount edgecombe parisara praantaalanu kooda cover chestundi. 
charitra.
umlamgaa anae paeru julu bhasha nundi vachindi, dheeni ardham "rekkala pradaesam", idhi umlamgaa raallaku uttaraana ohlamgaa nadhi venta perugutunna rekkala padakalanu suuchistumdi.
1950la nundi vilaasavantamaina hotel ayina gulla pettenu 1869loe, pattanam sthaapinchabadataaniki mundhe, beach kuteeramgaa nirminchaaru.
1895loe surr marshal camp bell umlamgaanu sthaapinchaaru. pattanamlooni modati hotel 1920loe sthaapinchabadindi, taruvaata oka dukaanam, oka lighthouse, natal anty shark kolatala boardu (nedu kwaajulu-natal sharks boardu anie pilustaaru) mariyu marinni hotel abhivruddhi.
umlamgaa baroe 1 augustu 1972naa umlamgaa raallu, samudrateera resort pattanam mariyu laa lucia shivaaru praantaala kalayika dwara erpadindi. kottagaa erpadina umlamgaa swayampaalita praanta meyargaa laa lucia town boardu maajee chhairman mister rodney rindell ennikayyaaru. shree rindell matladutu, laa lucia prajalu taamu viliinaanni vyatirekistunnamani, aaa paerutoe santoshamgaa laerani, conny ippudu idhi vachinanduna vaaru daanini sadviniyogam chesukuntaarani yea rahasyamuu cheppaledani chepparu. 
1980laloe, abhivruddhi emm4 haiveku thoorpuna unna oka chinna graamam nundi enn2 haiveku thoorpuna mariyu hawan adaviki dakshinaana unna chaalaa praantaanni aakraminchina pedda pattanaaniki lothattu praantaanni vistarinchindi. grater durban mahanagaram uttaraana hawan adaviki sameepamlo unna praantaalaku vistaristondi, idhi vervet kothi vanti aneka jeevulaku sahaja aavasam. kothulu tarachugaa nivaasitulu mariyu sandehinchani paryaatakula nundi aaharam kosam pedda nagaramloki pravesistaayi.
aksharakramam maarutundi.
2009 navambarulo, ethekvini metropolitan municipality, kwaajulu-natal praantiiya bhougolika paerla kamiteeki vaari aangla paerla nundi saraina julu spellingku maarchadaaniki munisipaalitiilooni pradaesaala jaabitaanu samarpinchindi. jaabitaalo, "umlamgaa rocks" pattanaanni "umlamgaa rocks" gaa marchalsi undhi, antey spellingloni "yuu" pedda aksharam nundi chinna aksharaniki maarutundi. 2010 aktobaru 1naa, kwaajulu-natal department off arts und culture aamodinchabadina paeru maarpula jaabitaanu gazit chesindi, indulo umlamgaa (rocks) pattanam kooda undhi.
paeru marinappati nundi, dakshinaafrikaa national roads agency limited. (sanral) "enti edgecombe interchange" kuu velle mariyu vellae enn2 looni rahadari sankethaalanu alaage emm41 looni konni rahadari sankethaalanu maarchindi, ayithe ippatikee "umlamgaa" anae spellingtho migili unna aneka rahadari sankethaalu unnaayi mariyu chaalaa mandhi durbanitelu mariyu nivaasitulu mariyu vyaparalu ippatikee pattanaanni daani munupati spellingtho spelling chestunnayi.
bhougolikam.
umlamgaa hinduu mahasamudram vaipuga unna sunnitamaina vaalu bhoomipai mariyu grater durban pattana paadamudraku uttara shivaarlalo undhi. paripalanaparamga kwaajulu-natal uttara teeramlo (kwadukuja sthaanika municipality) bhaagam kaanappatikee, umlamgaa saampradayakamgaa uttara tiiraaniki pravesha dwaaramgaa pariganinchabadindi.
umlamgaa durban nagara kendraaniki eshaanyamlo sumaru 16 kii. mea. la dhooramlo mariyu king shaka antarjaateeya vimaanaasrayaaniki aagneyamlo 12 kii. mea. la dhooramlo undhi mariyu dheeniki uttaraana umlamgaa sarassu prakruti reserve, thoorpuna hinduu mahasamudram, uttaraana durban, dakshinaana mount edgecombe mariyu paschimaana mount edgecombe sarihaddulugaa unnaayi.
umlamgaa rendu kendra vyapara jillaalanu (cbd) chaerchadaaniki abhivruddhi chendindi. umlamgaa raallu, teeram vembadi umlamgaa yokka chaaritraka vaanijya kendram mariyu aneka paatha cbd la maadirigaa kakunda, idhi pattana kshayam nivaarinchagaligindi mariyu badulugaa kotta parinaamaalatoe ekkuvagaa aadhuneekarinchabadindi. marinta lothattu praantamloo, umlamgaa ridge town center umlamgaa yokka kotta mariyu aadhunika sii. bii. dii., idhi shopping gateway theatre chuttoo kendrikrutamai undhi mariyu aadhunika apaartmentlu mariyu karyalaya sthalaala shrenini chaerchadaaniki vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutondi.
suburban praantaalu.
umlamgaa yokka paatha bhagalu, ekkuvagaa umlamgaa raallu teerapraantaaniki sameepamlo unna praantaanni akraminchayi, ayithe kotta shivaaru praantaalu paschimaana umlamgaa sikharam varaku vistarinchi unnaayi. 
umlamgaalo 10 suburban praantaalu unnaayi, vaatilo
herwood park.
herwood park anedi hinduu mahasamudram vaipuga unna umlamgaa kondapai unna oka sampanna nivaasa shivaaru praantam, idhi ijingaa abhivruddhi mariyu umlamgaa raalla madhya undhi.
ising.
ijingaa anedi herwood park paina unna sikharampai unna kotta adhika-market estate abhivruddhi, idhi ekareeti madhyadhara/balinese roopamtho roopondinchina nivaasaalato undhi.
lucia.
gatamlo swatantra shivaaru praantamaina laa lucia, durban uttaraana unna umlamgaa dakshina sarihaddulo undhi mariyu idhi hinduu mahasamudram vaipuga unna somerset park sikharam krinda oka kondapai undhi. laa lucia grater durban yokka atyanta khareedaina shivaaru praantaalalo okati. 2017loe, property agency, private aasti prakaram, laa lucia poruguna unna enti edgecombe country club estate taruvaata grater durbanlo 2va atyanta khareedaina shivaaru praantamgaa nilichindi.
laa lucia ridge.
laa lucia ridge office estate anedi mea41kii dakshinaana unna oka karyalaya estate, idhi umlamgaa ridge prakkane mariyu laa lucia mariyu somerset park madhya undhi. office estatelalo 10 chinna karyalaya paarkulu unnaayi, veetilo chinna mariyu pedda corporations, unilever dakshinaafrikaa pradhana karyalayam, aspen formacare, gruha runaalu mariyu viniyogadaarula upasamanam, bahula empika, sappi, sanlam, liquid telecom mariyu deloit kosam praantiiya karyalayalu, momentum mariyu durban kosam german gourava consulate unnaayi.
puurveekulu.
prestandale anedi umlamgaa sikharam mariyu adavula madhya unna sikharampai unna oka chinna shivaaru praantam. prestandale anedi umlamgaalo atyanta pratishtaatmaka paatasaala, idhi redd daam house umlamgaalo undhi, idhi cambridge assessment internationalnu andinche private paatasaala.
anchu vaipu.
gatamlo cheraku polaalu, ridgeside anedi hinduu mahasamudram vaipu unna kondapai unna kotta karyalaya kendram.
ridgeside karyalaya estate, vaanijya, mishrama-upayogam, nivaasa, vishraanti abhivruddhi mariyu nirvahinche bahiranga pradaesaalanu militam chestundi. eee node kwaajulu-naatallo investech, enca, vodacom vanti vyapara praantiiya kaaryaalayaalaku nilayam.
somerset park.
somerset park laa lucia paina unna sikharampai nivaasa shivaaru praantam mariyu enn2 prakkane unna enti edgecombe country club estate maadirigaane vaati design mariyu aakupaccha paikappulatho ekareetigaa untundi.
sunning dayle.
sunningale anedi laa lucia paina unna sikharam meeda mariyu durban uttara madhya umhlamgaa sarihaddulo unna nivaasa shivaaru praantam.
umlamgaa raallu.
umlamgaa graamam" anie kooda piluvabade umlamgaa raallu umlamgaa yokka puraatana bhaagam mariyu paie sikharampai itara shivaaru praantaala abhivruddhiki mundu sthaapinchabadindi. teerapraanta shivaarulo kabana beach hotel, beverley hills hotel, oster baaks hotel, umlamgaa sands hotel mariyu umlamgaa apartmentla mutyaalatoe sahaa aneka lagjari hotallu mariyu apaartmentlu unnaayi. veetilo chaalaa varaku mylurayi lighthouse drushyaalu unnaayi. vesavi nelallo dheeni janabha gananeeyamgaa perugutundi.
umlamgaa parvatasreni.
umlamgaa ridge anedi hinduu mahasamudram vaipuga unna sikharampai unna kotta retail, karyalayam mariyu nivaasa node. idhi ekkuvagaa cheraku bhoomipai tongat hoolet shugarh group yaajamaanyamloni aasti abhivruddhi samstha, moreland estatelache abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. eee sikharam meeda shopping gateway theatre mariyu itara shopping kendraalu, motaru dealershiplu, oka private aasupatri mariyu aneka karyalayalu unnaayi.
umlamgaa ridge town center paadachaarulaku anukuulamaina roadlu, paarkulu mariyu bahiranga pradaesaala dwara anusandhaaninchabadi undhi. pattana kendraanni enn2 thoo sahaa pradhana rahadaarula network dwara sulabhamgaa cherukovacchu.
umlamgaa ridge kotta pattana kendram daadaapu oka dasaabdam nundi nirmaanamloo undhi. grade separation vantena mariyu rendu parking kortu nirmaanaala roopakalpana kosam nirmaanaatmaka inputpai velaa vke sampradinchaaru. poura moulika sadupayala kharchulu ippati varaku 200 million roopaayalu.
aardhika vyavastha.
companylu.
umlamgaalo pradhana karyalayalu kaligina pedda mariyu chinna companylu chaalaa varaku pradhanamgaa aardhika mariyu pettubadi samsthalu, nyaya nipunulu, logistics mariyu shipping, saanketika mariyu viniyogadaarula sambandhita samsthalu.
eee pattanamlo pradhana karyalayamga unna konni pramukha companylalo dakshinaafrikaalooni atipedda aushadha companylu, aspen formacare, software provider, bett software, dett councillarlu, viniyogadaarula upasamanam, sports betting company, hollywood bets, aafrikaaloni atipedda saanketika parignaana providerlalo okati, media, telecommunications mariyu finance services, ignition group, dakshinaafrikaalooni atipedda chakkera utpattidaarulalo okati, ilovo shugarh, kwaajulu-natal kosam shark avagahana mariyu niyantrana boardu, kjn shark boardu, vaidya sahaya pathakam, jaateeya swatantra vaidya sahaya sangham, aardhika pradaata, saa gruha runaalu mariyu bahulajaati viniyogadaarula vastuvula samstha, unilever dakshinaafrikaa unnaayi.
aardhika abhivruddhi.
umlamgaa, mukhyamgaa umlamgaa parvatasreni yokka maajee cheraku polaalu, aneka vyaparalu durban cbd nundi karyalayalanu marchadam (adevidhamgaa sandton johannesburg yokka kotta kendraanni yerparustundi) kaaranamgaa grater durban praantamloo abhivruddhiki kendramgaa maarindi, idhi "pattana vastraanni mukkalu chesi" mariyu grater durbanlo "kotta varnavivakshanu" penchinanduku vimarsinchabadindi. 2010loe umlamgaa sameepamlo laa mercylo king shaka antarjaateeya vimaanaasrayaanni praarambhinchadam, durbanku dakshinaana unna durban antarjaateeya vimaanaasrayaanni bharti cheyadam umlamgaalo vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendadaaniki pradhana kaaranaalalo okati.
umlamgaa praantamloo aardhika vruddhi, alaage sameepamlo unna kotta vimaanaasrayam kaaranamgaa, vividha abhivruddhi panulu jarugutunnaayi, idhi raboye rendu dasaabdaallo janabhanu gananeeyamgaa penchutundi. kevalam iravai samvatsaraalalo, umlamgaa uttara teeramloni oka chinna beach side holiday gamyasthanam nundi grater durban yokka pradhana vyapara, retail mariyu paryataka kendramgaa abhivruddhi chendindi.
teeram vembadi lothattu praantaalalo sibaya teerapraantamgaa piluvabade vilaasavantamaina vimaanaasrayam untundi, dheenini abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki mariyu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki ruu. 25-50 biliyanlu kharchavutundani anchanaa. indulo sumaru 9000 gruhaalato paatu aneka saamaajika mariyu praja soukaryaalu untaayi.
kotta umlamgaa ridge pattana kendram aneka apartment complexelu mariyu vyaparalu nirminchabadatamto pedda vistarananu chusindi. kotta pattana kendram nundi enn2 antataa anchanaa vesina aarr25 billion carnubia abhivruddhi nirminchabadutondi mariyu indulo 24000 takkuva mariyu madhya aadaaya gruhalu untaayi. 2017 chivaralo 1,8 billion dollarla carnubia maall prajala kosam teravabadindi.
umlamgaa graamamlo, umlamgaa mutyaala chivari dasha, mutyaala aakaasam 2017loe puurtayimdi, indulo oka shopping maall kooda undhi. legoon drive" loe umlamgaa mutyaala prakkane mariyu lothattu praantamloo, mahaasamudraala umlamgaa abhivruddhi ippatike juun 2022loe daani 5-nakshatraala radian blue hotel towernu mariyu november 2022loe daani kotta lagjari shopping center, oshans maalnu praarambhinchindi. ruu. 3,1 billionla dharatho mahaasamudraala umlamgaa abhivruddhi anedi dakshina africa charitralo atipedda private ranga pettubadi, umlamgaa mutyaalanu ruu. 3,0 billionla vadda thrutilo odinchindi.
retail.
pedda darbanloni atipedda retail kendraalalo umlamgaa okati, indulo pedda sankhyalo shopping kendraalu, motaru dealershiplu mariyu itara retail soukaryaalu unnaayi.
atyanta mukhyamaina mariyu atipedda shopping center gateway theatre off shopping, idhi grater durban mariyu kwaajulu-nataallo atipedda shopping center mariyu dakshinaafrikaalo moodava atipedda shopping center. gateway grater darbanloni atyanta prachuryam pondina shopping kendraalalo okati mariyu september 2001loe praarambhinchabadindi.
umlamgaalooni itara shopping centerlalo ivi unnaih
carnubia yokka porugu abhivruddhilo kottagaa abhivruddhi cheyabadina carnubia maall kooda undhi, idhi durbanku uttaraana unna atipedda malls loe okati mariyu umlamgaa mariyu daani parisaraalaina enti edgecombe, phoenix, verulam mariyu emdlotty vanti vatiki sevalu andistundi.
paryatakam.
durban uttaraana unna mount edgecombe, verulam, othongathi (tongat), emdloti, laa mercy mariyu westbrooklatho paatu umhlamgaa teeram ledhaa dakshinaana unnamgeni nadhi nundi uttaraana unna udhongathi nadhi varaku vistarinchi unna funshine tiiraanni yerparustundi. umlamgaa rocks tourism anedi paryataka boardu, idhi eee teerapraantaanni marketing cheyadaaniki mariyu prothsahinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi, idhi ethekvini yokka uttara purapalaka pranaalika praantaanni kooda yerparustundi.
dakshina aafrikaalo atyanta prachuryam pondina paryataka pradaesaalaloo umlamgaa okati. 2015loe 12 laksala mandhi sandarsakulu unnaaru, idhi 20 billion roopaayala gdpni utpatti chesindi. 2016loe, paryataka chairman peater roez matladutu, "vachhe aidellalo meeru umlamgaanu gurtinchalerani neenu nammakamgaa cheppagalanu", umlanga nivaasitulu kotta moulika sadupayalu mariyu perigina aasti viluvalanu mecchukuntuu, daani graama aakarshananu kolpotunnatlugaa maarpula gurinchi mishrama bhavalanu kaligi unnaaru.
aatidhyamivvadam.
umlamgaa kwaajulu-natal mariyu dakshinaafrikaalo pradhana samudrateera resort kaavadamtho, daani aardhika vyavasthalo ekkuva bhaagam paryataka parisrama nundi vachindi. dheeniki aadharalu teerapraantamlo aneka hotallu mariyu holiday vasati apaartmentlu unnaayi, veetilo beverley hills hotel, oster baaks hotel, capital mutyaalu, kabana beach resort mariyu umlamgaa isuka resort unnaayi mariyu umlamgaa raallaloo konchem lothattu praantamloo kotta radian blue hotel durban umlamgaa undhi.
umlamgaalooni itara hotallu umlanga parvata shrenilo unnaayi mariyu vaatilo ivi unnaih
paryataka aakarshanhalu.
umlamgaa rocks promenade (adhikarikamga kenn oo 'connor promenade anie pilustaaru, dheeniki maajee umlamgaa mayer paeru pettaru) anedi dakshinaana durban view park nundi uttaraana umlamgaa sarassu prakruti reserve prakkane unna uttara veekshanha deck varaku umlamgaa raalla venta vistarinchi unna podavaina beach promenade.
umlamgaa teerapraantam mariyu vihaarayaatrala vembadi paryataka aakarshanhalalo umlamgaa lighthouse mariyu timingalam naukaasrayam unnaayi. inca, umlamgaalo rendu beachlu unnaayi, vihaarayaatraku uttaraana kaamsya beach mariyu umlanga pradhana beach, umlanga raalla madhyalo unnaayi, eee rendintinee rojanta life gaardulu gastee chestaaru.
umlamgaa mariyu chuttupakkala unna itara aakarshanhalu
moulika sadupayalu.
aarogya samrakshana.
umlamgaalo rendu private aasupatrulu unnaayi, bassu paerutoe gateway private aasupatri mariyu nett cair umlanga aasupatri, rendoo umlanga ridge pattana kendramlo unnaayi.
rahadaarulu.
umlamgaa enn2, emm4 mariyu emm41 thoo sahaa grater durban metropolitan praantaaniki sevalu andinche moodu freevela netvarkku baga anusandhaaninchabadi undhi. 
umlamgaa enn2 freeway yokka thoorpu anchuna vistarinchi, uttaraana king shaka antarjaateeya vimaanaasrayam mariyu kwadukuja varaku mariyu dakshinaana durban varaku emm41 freeway mariyu umlamgaa ridge boulevard vadda interchangeelatho velutundi. enn2 mariyu emm41 madhya marpidiga panichese iteevala puurtayina mount edgecombe marpidi umhlamgaa/enti edgecombe praantamloo oka mukhyamaina mylurayi.
teeram vaipu, emm4 freeway (rooth modati haive) uttara disagaa emdloti mariyu balitoku mariyu dakshinaana durbanku emm41 freeway, armstrang avenue, umlamgaa rocks drive mariyu portland drive vadda interchangeelatho velutundi. vaahanadaarulu enn2 looni othongathi toll plaza vadda toll cheyakunda undataaniki emm4 balitoku pratyaamnaaya maargamgaa panichestundi. umlamgaa madhyalo, emm41 freeway emm4 interchange nundi mount edgecombe mariyu phoenix varaku paschimaaniki velutundi, millennium maargam vadda interchangelu, umlamgaa rocks drive mariyu ridgeside drive.
umlamgaa dwara pradhana sthaanika margalu umlamgaa rocks drive (m12 maargam), idhi durban uttaraaniki daariteestundi mariyu umlamgaa ridge boulevard (m47 maargam) idhi carnubiaku daariteestundi.
neeraalu.
grater durban praantamloo atyanta surakshitamaina praantaalalo umlamgaa okati. durban uttara prakka praantam, durban uttara teeram vembadi oka chinna mukka, umlamgaa mariyu emdloti mottam 2016 nundi 2019 varaku 100,000 mandiki 7 mandhi hatyala retunu konasaginchayi, idhi 2017 loe jaateeya sagatu 35.9 loe 1/5. marchi 2018 mariyu marchi 2019 madhya, pooliisulu 3 hatyalu, 136 dopidilu mariyu 318 nivaasa dopideelanu namodu chesaaru. 2014 mariyu 2019 madhya nivaasa dopidila sankhya sagaaniki taggindi, bahusha eee praantamloo atyanta kanipinche private bhadrata vistaranatoe mudipadi undhi. umlamgaalooni konni praantaalu chaalaa surakshitamgaa unnaayi, okati gateway maalku koddi dhooramlo unna somerset park.
janabha.
varnavivaksha samayamlo, umlamgaa pradhanamgaa tellajati pattanam, ayithe ippudu idhi vividha jaathi nepathyaalu mariyu jaathi samuuhaalaku chendina prajalatho chaalaa vaividhyamgaa undhi. 78.9 saatam mandhi tama modati bhashaga aanglam, 9 saatam mandhi julu mariyu 6.12% africans matladataru. portugees janabha kooda gananeeyamgaa undhi.
2001 mariyu 2011 madhya prati jaathi samuuham nundi prajala sankhya perigindi. swethajaatheeyula sankhya 11,523 nundi 12,925 kii perigindi, ayithe saatam 74.9% nundi 53.3% kii padipoyindi. nallajaateeyula sankhya 1,770 nundi 4,147kii perigindi. "bhaaratheeyulu ledhaa aseanla" sankhya 1,953 nundi 6,353kii perigindi. rangula sankhya 141 nundi 297kii perigindi.
2011 janabha lekkala prakaram, atyanta nalla praantam kotta pattana kendram praantam, idhi 24.1% nallaga undhi. atyanta tellani praantam grater durban yokka uttara theera praantam, indulo umhlamgaa graamam kooda undhi, idhi 66.9% tellagaa untundi. atyanta bharatiya praantam adavulu, idhi 46.0% bharatiya praantam. khareedaina kotta abhivruddhi umlamgaa sagatu kante ekkuva bharatiya janabhanu kaligi undagaa, takkuva vyaya abhivruddhi sagatu kante ekkuva bharatiya mariyu nallajati janabhanu kaligi untundi. umlamgaa yokka paatha praantaalalo sagatu kante ekkuva tellajati janabha untundi.
muruguneeti sankshobham.
iteevala 2022loe, ethekvini metro daani neeti suddhi karmagaralalo vaiphalyala kaaranamgaa bhaarii muruguneeti samasyanu edurkondi, idhi april varadala kaaranamgaa marinta teevrataram ayyindi, idhi aneka muruguneeti moulika sadupaayaalanu naasanam chesindi.
samudrapu neetilo adhika ii-coley sthaayilu kanipinchadam valla chaalaa kaalam paatu moosiveyabadina daani beechlatho umlamgaa prastutam mahanagaramlo atyanta ekkuvagaa prabhaavitamaina praantaalalo okati, idhi umlamgaa raalla paryataka aardhika vyavasthapai teevramaina prabhavalanu choopindi.
chaalaa nelalugaa pongiporlutunna ohlamgaa nadhi vembadi unna pump station kaaranamgaa muruguneeti sankshobham erpadindi, ayithe 23 november 2022naa, ethekvini metropolitan municipality panduga season kosam pump station sakalamlo marammatu cheyabadindani dhruveekarinchindi, idhi umhlamgaa aardhika vyavasthaku chaalaa aadaayaanni testundi.

