
baadhyata beema

baadhyata beema (third party insurance anie kooda pilustaaru) anedi konugoludaaruni ("beema chesina") vyajyalu mariyu ilanti claimla dwara vidhinche baadhyatala pramaadaala nundi rakshinchadaaniki risk financing yokka saadhaarana beema vyavasthalo oka bhaagam mariyu beema palasi paridhiloki vachhe claimla kosam konugoludaaru daavaa vesthe beema chesinavaarini rakshistundi.
modata, oka saadhaarana "pramaadam" nuu edurkonna vyaktigata companylu oka samuuhaanni erpaatu chesi, yea sabhyudaina nashtapoyinatlayithe pariharam chellinchadaaniki swayam sahayaka nidhini srushtinchaayi (maroe maatalo cheppalante, paraspara beema erpaatu). aadhunika vyavastha premiyamnu parigananaloki teesukuni nirdishta pramaadaala nundi rakshananu andinchadaaniki ankitamaina carrierlapy, saadhaaranamgaa labhapeksha kosam aadhaarapadutundi.
baadhyata beema anedi moodava party beema claimla nundi nirdishta rakshananu andinchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi, antey.ii.saadhaaranamgaa beema chesina vyaktiki chellimpu cheyabadadu, conny beema oppandamlo paksham kaani nashtanni chavichuse vyaktiki chellinchabadutundi. saadhaaranamgaa, uddeshapoorvakamgaa mariyu oppanda baadhyata valla kalige nashtam baadhyata beema paalaseela paridhiloki raadu. claim chesinappudu, beema chesinavaarini rakshinche baadhyata (mariyu hakku) beema carrierku untundi.
palasi spashtamgaa perkonakapothe rakshana yokka chattaparamaina kharchulu saadhaaranamgaa palasi parimitulanu prabhaavitam cheyavu; eee default niyamam upayogakaramgaa untundi endukante kesulu vichaaranaku vellinappudu rakshana kharchulu perugutaayi. chaalaa sandarbhaallo, palasi yokka rakshana bhaagam vaastavaaniki beema kante ekkuva viluvainadi, sanklishtamaina sandarbhaallo, kesunu rakshinche kharchu claim cheyabadina mottam kante ekkuvagaa undavacchu, mukhyamgaa beema chesina vyaktini rakshinchaalsina sandarbhaalalo, etuvanti baadhyatanu eppuduu vichaaranaku teesukuraakapoyinaa.
market.
beema parisramaku vaanijya baadhyata anedi oka mukhyamaina vibhagam. 2013loe 160 billion dollarla premium aadaayamtho, idhi 550 billion dollarla prapancha naan-life premiyamlalo 10 saatam ledhaa prapancha vaanijya linela premiyamlalo 23 saatam vatanu kaligi undhi. abhivruddhi chendutunna marketla kante adhunaatana marketlalo baadhyata beema chaalaa ekkuvagaa undhi. 2013loe prapancha baadhyata premiyamlalo adhunaatana marketlu 93 saatam vatanu kaligi undagaa, prapancha jeevitakaala premiyamlalo vaari vataa 79 saatam.
2013loe prapancha baadhyata premiyamlalo 51 saatam vraasina us ippativaraku atipedda market. dheeniki kaaranam us aardhika vyavastha parimaanam mariyu baadhyata beema (gdplo 0.5 saatam) adhika vyaapti. 2013loe, america vyaparalu vaanijya baadhyata rakshanala kosam 84 billion dollarlu kharchu chesaayi, veetilo 50 billion dollarlu saadhaarana baadhyatapai unnaayi, veetilo lopaalu mariyu lopaala kosam 12 billion dollarlu (ii & oo) mariyu directorlu mariyu adhikaarulaku 5.4 billion dollarlu (dii & oo) unnaayi. vaanijya bahula-pramaada vidhaanaala baadhyata bhaagaaniki US vyaparalu maroe USD 13 biliyanlu, vaidya durviniyogaaniki USD 9.5 biliyanlu mariyu utpatti baadhyata rakshana kosam USD 3 biliyanlu kharchu chesaayi.
2013loe 9.9 billion dollarla baadhyata preemiyamlatho baadhyata beema kosam prapanchamlone rendava atipedda marketga yuke undhi. atipedda upa-shreni vyaparam praja mariyu utpatti baadhyata. dheeni taruvaata vruttiparamaina nashtapariharam mariyu yajamaanula baadhyata (upaadhi sambandhita pramaadaalu mariyu anaarogyaalaku rakshana) untundi. UK baadhyata beema yokka upa vibhagalalo gananeeyamaina maarpu vachindi. gatha dasaabdamloo, vruttiparamaina nashtapariharam vataa 14 saatam nundi 32 saataaniki perigindi, idhi marinta sevala aadhaarita aardhika vyavastha vaipu maarpunu etthi chooputundi. adhe samayamlo, gayalu mariyu aasti nashtalaku sambandhinchina pramaadaalu tagginanduna tayaareeloo baadhyata daavaalalo takkuva vataa untundi.
khandantara airopalo, atipedda baadhyata beema marketlu germany, france, italii mariyu speyin. 2013loe avi kalisi daadaapu 22 billion dollarla prapancha baadhyata premiyamlanu kaligi unnaayi. saadhaaranamgaa poura nyaya vyavasthalachae nirvahinchabadutunnaayi, eee marketlu yea baadhyata vidhanalu mariyu kavarlu andubaatulo unnayo nirnayinchadaaniki sthaanika paristhitulu mariyu chaaritraka anubhavampai aadhaarapadataayi. chochukupovadam 0.16% nundi 0.25% varaku untundi, idhi US, UK mariyu australia vanti saadhaarana chatta deshaalatho poliste takkuvagaa untundi.
asea pasiphik praantamloo japan mariyu australia atipedda marketlu, 2013loe varusaga 6 billion dollarlu mariyu 4.8 billion dollarla vaanijya baadhyata premiyamlu unnaayi. gdplo 0.12% vadda, japaanlo baadhyata beema vyaapti itara abhivruddhi chendina aardhika vyavasthalatho poliste chaalaa takkuvagaa undhi. australialo, gdplo 0.32% vadda vyaapti chaalaa ekkuvagaa untundi. yajamaanula baadhyata beema kosam demand perigina desamloni aangla chattam nundi pondina chattaparamaina chatram dheeniki kaaranam. australialo vimanayanam, samudra chamuru kalushyam mariyu nivaasa nirmaanaaniki mariyu konni rashtraallo vaidya nipunulu, aasti brokerlu mariyu stock brokerlaku tappanisari kavarlu unnaayi. 2000 nundi baadhyata beema premiyamlu sagatu vaarshika raetu 11 saatamtoe perigayi.
2013loe 3.5 billion dollarla premiyamlu mariyu 2000 nundi 22 saatam balamaina vaarshika sagatu vruddhitho chaina prapanchavyaaptamgaa tommidava atipedda vaanijya baadhyata market. ayithe, gdplo 0.04% vadda vyaapti takkuvagaa undhi. pramaada avagahana mariyu niyantrana maarpulanu penchadam dwara vruddhini prothsahinchaaru.
beema samstha vidhulu.
baadhyata beema samsthalaku adhikara paridhini batti okati, rendu ledhaa moodu pradhana vidhulu untayih 
rakshinchadaaniki.
rakshana baadhyata united states mariyu kenadaalo prabalamgaa undhi, ikkada chaalaa baadhyata beema paalaseelu paalaseelu vartinche anni "daavaala" nundi beema chesinavaarini rakshinche hakku mariyu vidhini beema samsthaku andistaayi. beema chesina vyakti meeda daavaa vesinappudu (ledhaa konni sandarbhaallo, vaaripai daavaa veyabotunnatlu mundastu daavaa notice icchinappudu) mariyu taruvaata daani baadhyata beema samsthaku daavaa yokka rakshananu "tender" chesinappudu idhi saadhaaranamgaa prerepinchabadutundi. saadhaaranamgaa sambandhita beema palasi ledhaa paalaseelanu soochinche cover lettertho paatu firyadu kaapeeni pampadam dwara mariyu takshana rakshananu koorutuu idhi jarugutundi.
chaalaa varaku yuu.ess. rashtraalu mariyu kenada, beema samsthaku saadhaaranamgaa eee samayamlo naalugu pradhana empikalu unnaayi, avih
rakshana baadhyata saadhaaranamgaa nashtapariharam chellinche baadhyata kante vistrutamainadi, endukante atuvanti baadhyatanu andinche chaalaa (conny anni kaadu) vidhanalu kooda niraadhaaramaina, tappudu ledhaa mosapurita vaadanala nundi rakshistaamani pratyaekamgaa vaagdaanam chestaayi. anduvalla, rakshinche baadhyata saadhaaranamgaa coverage yokka sambhaavyata dwara prerepinchabadutundi. coverage kosam sambhaavyata kosam pareeksha emitante, firyadu kaneesam oka claimnu ledhaa charya yokka kaaranaanni taginantagaa vaadistundaa anedi, idhi vichaaranalo vaadi aaa claimpy vijayam saadhisthe palasi nibandhanala krinda cover cheyabadutundi, mariyu coverage yokka mukhyamaina amsaanni puurtigaa kalushitam chese ledhaa kavarejeeki puurti minahaayimpunu prerepinche yea aaropanalanu kooda vaadinchadu. vaadi vaadamlo vijayam sadhistada ledhaa nijamgaane vaadamlo vijayam sadhistada anedi asambaddham; badulugaa, niroopinchabadinatlayite daavaa cover cheyabadutunda anedi pareeksha. coverage lopala mariyu lekunda aneka rakaala avakaasaalanu kaligi undentha vistrutamaina aspashtamaina ledhaa aspashtamaina aaropanalu saadhaaranamgaa coverage kosam sambhaavyataku anukuulamgaa bhaavinchabadataayi, ayithe nakilee aaropanala gurinchi oohagaanaalu (antey, firyadu puurtigaa nissabdamgaa unna vishayalu) coverage kosam sambhaavyatanu srushtinchadaaniki saripovu. konni adhikara paridhulu bahya sakshyalanu parigananaloki teesukoovadaaniki anumatistaayi, endukante idhi firyadulo spashtamgaa vivarinchabadindi ledhaa firyadulo spashtamgaa aaropinchina vaastavaalaku sambandhinchinadi.
rakshana cheyalsina baadhyata unte, firyaduloni chaalaa claimlu ledhaa charyaku kaaranaalu spashtamgaa cover cheyakapoyina beema samstha mottam daavaa nundi beema chesinavaarini rakshinchaali. beema samstha etuvanti hakkulanu rijarvu cheyakunda besharatugaa rakshinchukovadaaniki enchukovachhu, conny alaa cheyadam dwara, rakshinche baadhyataku rakshanagaa coverage lekapovadam (ledhaa nokkicheppakunda aapiveyabadutundi) mariyu beema chesinavaarini rakshinchadaaniki entha samayam pattina (rakshana kharchulu palasi parimitulanu taggistaayani palasi spashtamgaa andiste tappa) tudi teerpu ledhaa parishkaaraaniki kattubadi untundi. pratyamnaayamgaa, beema samstha hakkula reservation kinda rakshana kalpinchavacchuhu mottam firyaduku coverage ledani ledhaa coverage pondhe avakaasam ledani spashtamgaa teliste beema chesina vyakti rakshana nundi ventane upasamharinchukovadaaniki thana hakkulanu bhadrapariche oka lekhanu beema chesina vyaktiki pamputundi, mariyu beema chesina vyakti nundi yea nirdishta claimlu ledhaa charya yokka kaaranaala nundi rakshinchadaaniki kharchu chesina nidhulanu tirigi pondadaaniki, idhi eppuduu cover cheyabadaledu ledhaa praarambhamlo kooda cover cheyabadaledu.
beema samstha thana sonta antargata nyaayavaadulatoe (anumatinchina chota) daavaanu samardhinchukovachhu ledhaa beema samsthatho praamaanika rusumu schedulenu sampradinchina ishtapade samsthala "panel" loe bayati nyaya samsthaku daavaanu ivvavacchu. beema chesinavaariki swatantra salahaadaarula hakku unna adhikara paridhiloo, dheenini kamis counsell anie kooda pilustaaru, hakkula reservation kinda rakshana nirnayam atyanta jagrattagaa chepattaali.
beema samstha claimku coverage ledani ledhaa kaneesam coverage kosam sambhaavyata ledani beema chesina vyaktiki vyatiraekamgaa declaratory teerpunu kooda koravachu. eee empika saadhaaranamgaa beema samsthanu chedu vishwaasam daavaa nundi tananu taanu rakshinchukovadaaniki anumatistundi, antey beema samstha ventane coverage vivaadaalanu kortu drushtiki teesukuvacchinappudu manchi vishwaasamtho vyavaharistundi, ayinappatikee idhi beema chesina vyaktini "rendu" vyaajyaala nundi tananu taanu rakshinchukune ibbandikaramaina sthithilo unchutundihi vaadi yokka asalu firyadu mariyu prakatanaatmaka teerpu kosam beema samstha yokka firyadu. vaastavaaniki, konni adhikara paridhulalo, manchi vishwaasamtho panichese beema samstha thana beema chesina vyaktini rakshinchadaaniki niraakarinche mundu kortu nundi prakatanaatmaka upasamanam pondaali (udhaa.zii., illinais) ledhaa hakkula yokka munupati reservation (udhaa.zii., georgia).
chivaraku, beema samstha rakshana ivvadaaniki niraakarinchavacchu mariyu prakatanaatmaka teerpuni korakunda kooda undagaladu. beema samstha coverage ledani ledhaa coverage kosam etuvanti avakaasam ledani khachitamgaa teliste, chaalaa adhikara paridhulalo beema samstha thana rakshananu taginantagaa samrakshistundi, beema chesina vyaktiki thana sthaanaanni vivaristuu oka lekhanu pampadam dwara mariyu rakshananu andinchadaaniki niraakarinchadam dwara. conny eee empika chaalaa pramaadakaram kaavacchu, endukante oka kortu taruvaata anni samayaallo rakshinchukovalasina baadhyata undani nirnayiste, appudu beema samstha tappanisarigaa aaa baadhyatanu ullanghinchindani, alaage beema samstha chedu vishwaasaaniki himsa baadhyataku lobadi undani kooda nirdhaaristundi. kabatti beema samsthalu kavarejeeni puurtigaa tiraskarinche badulu tarachugaa hakkula reservation kinda rakshana kalpistaayi.
united states mariyu kenada velupala, baadhyata beema samsthalu saadhaaranamgaa rakshana baadhyatanu sweekarinchavu, beema chesinavaarini rakshinchadaaniki nyaayavaadini niyaminchukovadam mariyu chellinchadam kosam pratyaksha baadhyatanu sweekarinche ardhamlo. beema samstha sammatitoe sahetukamaina rakshana kharchulaku beema chesinavaariki tirigi chellistaamani vaagdaanam chese chaalaa mandhi paalaseelu vraastaaru, ayithe idhi tappanisarigaa nashtapariharam yokka oka roopam (diguva tadupari vibhaagamlo cover cheyabadindi), dheeni kinda beema chesinavaaru tamanu taamu rakshinchukovadaaniki oka nyaayavaadini niyaminchukovadaaniki pradhanamgaa baadhyata vahistaaru. atuvanti beema samsthalu tarachugaa beema chesinavaarini rakshinche hakkunu spashtamgaa kaligi untaayi, bahusha beema chesina vaari empika yokka salaha antarleena daavaaku vyatiraekamgaa tagina rakshananu andinchakapothe vaaru tama sonta prayojanaalanu kaapaadukoovadaaniki jokyam chesukovacchu.
nashtapariharam chellinchadaaniki.
pramaadam, dheekonadam modalaina sandarbhaalalo maroka vyakti chesina nashtam ledhaa nashtaniki oka vyakti chellinchaalsina baadhyata unnappudu nashtapariharam kesu talettutundi. nashtapariharam yokka vidhi saadhaaranamgaa beema samstha mariyu beema chesina vaari madhya oppandam nundi udbhavistundi, idhi beema chesina vaarini edainaa baadhyata, nashtam ledhaa nashtam nundi rakshistundi.
beema chesina vyakti baadhyata vahinchina anni cover chesina mottaalanu, coverage parimitula varaku mariyu edainaa taggimpulu, nilupukunna parimitulu, sweeya-beema nilupudala, adanapu chellimpulu ledhaa beema chesina vyakti thana jebu nundi chellinchaalsina itara mottaalaku lobadi beema chesina baadhyatanu nashtapariharam chellinchadam beema samstha yokka vidhi.
beema chesina vyaktiki vyatiraekamgaa tudi teerpu icchinappudu idhi saadhaaranamgaa prerepinchabadutundi, mariyu beema samstha atuvanti cover chesina mottaalanu teerpu pondina vaadiki chellinchinappudu adhi santrupti chendutundi. chaalaa paalaseelu dravya nashtaala chellimputho paatu edainaa kharchulu, kharchulu mariyu nyaayavaadi rusumulanu andistaayi, ivi vaadiki kooda prastuta partyga arhata kaligi undavacchu.
rakshana vidhiki bhinnamgaa, nashtapariharam chellinche vidhi vaastavaaniki palasi paridhiloki vachhe vaadi firyaduloni daavaalu ledhaa charyaku kaaranaalaku matrame vartistundi, endukante beema chesina vyaktiki vyatiraekamgaa tudi teerpuku saadhaaranamgaa trial kortulo vaastava rikaardu dwara maddatu untundi, prati daavaa ledhaa charya yokka kaaranampai vaadi enduku vijayam saadhinchaado (ledhaa vijayam saadhinchadamlo viphalamayyaadu) khachitamgaa choopistundi. anduvalla, beema samstha coverage yokka saamarthyaanni choopinche kevalam aaropanala aadhaaramgaa rakshinchukovalasina baadhyatanu kaligi undavacchu, conny beema chesinavaariki vyatiraekamgaa tudi teerpuku maddatu ichhe sakshyam kooda aaa claimlanu ledhaa charya yokka kaaranaalanu palasi paridhi kii puurtigaa velupala teesukunte nashtapariharam chellinchaalsina baadhyata undakapovachhu. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, vaadi yokka asalu firyadu yokka prarambha aaropanala aadhaaramgaa rakshinchadaaniki beema samsthaku etuvanti baadhyata undakapovachhu, conny paalaseedaarudi niroopitamaina baadhyata aadhaaramgaa nashtapariharam chellinchaalsina baadhyata undavacchu.
aanglam matlade uttara america velupala rakshana baadhyata mariyu sthirapadaalsina baadhyata chaalaa arudugaa unnappatikee, nashtapariharam chellinchaalsina baadhyata baadhyata beema paalaseelalo vishwavyaaptamgaa kanipistundi.
sahetukamaina daavaalanu parishkarinchadaaniki.
konni adhikara paridhulalo, beema chesina vyaktiki vyatiraekamgaa sahetukamaina spashtamaina daavaanu parishkarinche baadhyata, moodava vidhi undhi. vaadi parishkara pratipaadana chesinanduna ledhaa vaadi parishkara pratipaadananu angeekarinche prabhavam unna samacharam gurinchi beema samsthaku teliste, vaastavaaniki parishkarinchadaaniki sahetukamaina avakaasam talettinappudu matrame eee sunkam saadhaaranamgaa prerepinchabadutundi. beema samstha daanini tiraskarinche avakaasam unna vaadiki pratipaadananu praarambhinchaalsina avasaram ledhu, ledhaa panikimaalina daavaanu daakhalu chesina mariyu yea siddhaantam prakaram beema chesina vyaktiki vyatiraekamgaa vijayam saadhinchaleni vaadi nundi daarunamaina pratipaadananu angeekarinchaalsina avasaram ledhu.
beema chesinavaariki kontha baadhyata bahirgatam (i.ii., beema chesina vyaktini vaadi yokka aaropana gaayaala kaaranamtho mudipettina konni aadharalu spashtamgaa unnaayi), vaadi palasi parimitulanu minchina gananeeyamaina nashtalaku aadharalu kaligi unnadu mariyu vaadi palasi parimitulaku samaanamaina ledhaa minchina parishkara demand chestaadu. aaa paristhitiloo, beema samstha yokka prayojanaalu beema chesinavaari prayojanaalato vibhedistaayi, endukante beema samsthaku ventane parishkarinchukovadaaniki prothsaaham untundi. antey, beema samstha parishkarinchadaaniki niraakarinchi, aaa kesu vichaaranaku velithe, rendu saadhyamaina phalitaalu matrame untayih (1) beema chesina vyakti nashtapotadu mariyu beema samstha palasi parimitula varaku beema chesina vyaktiki vyatiraekamgaa tadupari teerpunu chellinchaali, ledhaa (2) beema chesina vyakti gelustaadu, antey beema chesina vyakti mariyu beema samstha iddarikee etuvanti baadhyata undadu. modati phalitam sambhaviste, beema samstha drukkonam nundi adhi tappanisarigaa "aemee kolpoledu, aemee kolpoledu", endukante yea vidhamgaanainaa adhi daani palasi parimitulanu chellistundi. (saralata kosam, eee vislaeshanha appati varaku jarigina rakshana kharchula roopamlo munigipoyina kharchulanu, alaage vichaaranalo teerpu varaku beema chesinavaarini rakshinchadamlo beema samstha konasaginche adanapu kharchulanu, mariyu vichaaranalo palgonetappudu beema chesinavaaru konasaginche avakaasa kharchulanu vismaristundi.)
beema samstha vichaaranaku mundu ledhaa taruvaata thana palasi parimitulanu chellistunda anae vishayamlo eee drushtaamtamlo udasinatato unnappatikee, beema chesina vyakti khachitamgaa kaadu. paina perkonna modati phalitam sambhavinchinatlayithe, beema chesina vyakti vichaaranaku mundu parishkara pratipaadana mariyu palasi parimitulu rendintikee minchi mottaanni vaadiki chellinchaalsi untundi. beema samstha thana palasi parimitulanu chellinchina tarvaata, vaadi beema chesina vaari viluvaina aastulaku vyatiraekamgaa attachment ledhaa amalu vraatalanu amalu cheyadam dwara teerpu yokka migilina balancenu tirigi pondadaaniki prayatninchavacchu. 
ikkade sthirapadaalsina baadhyata vastundi. rakshana teerpu yokka suduura avakaasaanni (dheeni kinda vaadini edainaa chellinchakundaa nivaarinchavacchu) anusarinchi beema chesinavaari aastulato joodam aadadanni nirutsaahaparachadaaniki, beema samstha sahetukamaina spashtamaina claimlanu parishkarinche baadhyataku lobadi untundi. praamaanika nyaya pareeksha emitante, sahetukamaina beema samstha, edainaa palasi parimitulu unnappatikee, daavaanu parishkarinchinatlayite beema samstha daavaanu parishkarinchaali. dheeniki beema samstha vaastavaaniki palasi parimitulanu minchina settlement aafarlanu angeekarinchaalsina avasaram ledhu, conny aaa sandarbhamlo, beema samstha kaneesam daani palasi parimitulanu matrame chellinchaalsina settlementnu teesukuraavadaaniki prayatninchadam dwara parishkarinchadaaniki thana baadhyatanu nirvartinchaali (vaadi vaari demandnu tagginchadaaniki angeekarinchadam ledhaa beema chesina ledhaa maroka praathamika ledhaa adanapu beema samstha vyatyaasaanni andinchadaaniki angeekarinchadam valla).
ullanghana yokka prabhavalu.
saadhaaranamgaa, paina perkonna vidhullo deeninainaa ullanghinchina beema samstha oppanda ullanghanaku baadhyata vahistundi. chaalaa adhikara paridhulalo, phalitamgaa beema chesina vyakti yokka anchanaa nashtalanu chellinchaalsina teerpu vastundi-beema samstha nashtapariharam chellinchadaaniki thana vidhi kinda chellinchaalsina mottaalu. conny idhi palasi parimitula dwara parimitam cheyabadutundi, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa beema samstha yokka ullanghana phalitamgaa jarigina nashtalaku beema chesinavaariki pariharam chellinchadu, aaa avakaasaalalo pettubadi pettadaniki uddesinchina dabbunu teerpulu chellinchadaaniki mallinchinappudu (ledhaa swaadheenam chesukunnappudu) kolpoyina vyapara avakaasaalu vantivi.
united stateslo (mariyu kontavaraku, kenada), eee moodu vidhulalo deeninainaa mukhyamgaa teevramaina paddhatiloo ullanghinche beema samstha beema chedda vishwaasaaniki kooda baadhyata vahinchavachhu, dheeni kinda beema chesina vyakti palasi parimitulaku minchi nashtaparihara nashtalanu, alaage sikshaatmaka nashtalanu tirigi pondavacchu.
sanghatana v. daavaalu-chesina vidhanalu.
saampradayakamgaa, baadhyata beema anedi oka sanghatana praatipadikana vraayabadindi, antey beema chesina vyakti yokka charya ledhaa minahaayimpu phalitamgaa palasi vyavadhilo "sambhavinchina" edainaa nashtam nundi rakshinchadaaniki mariyu nashtapariharam ivvadaaniki beema samstha angeekarinchindi. idhi modata samasya kaadu endukante beema chesina vaari himsa baadhyata sameepa kaaranam mariyu parimitula saasanaalu vanti siddhaantaala dwara oohinchadagina vidhamgaa parimitam cheyabadindani bhaavinchaaru. maroe maatalo cheppalante, 1953loe cover cheyabadina nashtanni kaliginchinatlugaa aaropinchabadina oka himsaatmaka charya kosam 1978loe yea telivigala vaadi nyaayavaadi daavaa veyavaddani bhaavinchaaru, endukante tolagimpu pramaadam chaalaa spashtamgaa undhi.
1970luu mariyu 1980laloe, pedda sankhyalo vishapuurita himsa (pradhanamgaa asbestas mariyu diethylstillbestrall) mariyu paryaavarana baadhyatala phalitamgaa aneka nyaya nirnayaalu mariyu saasanaalu vachayi, ivi haani kaliginche vidhaanaala yokka "long tail" anie pilavabade vaatini samuulamgaa vistarinchaayi. firyadudarudu bhoogarbha kalushyanni aalasyamgaa kanugonna samayamlone kakunda, oka vaadi vishapuurita padaarthaaniki sanchita bahirgatam ayina aneka vishayaalalo modatidaanni andukunnappati nundi ledhaa prativaadi modatlo kalushya kaarakaalanu vidudala chesinappati nundi nashtalu sambhavinchadam praarambhinchaayani, mariyu prati tadupari palasi vyavadhilo ituvanti nashtalu konasaagutunnaayani (avi chaalaa kaalam varaku vyajyaalugaa pandakapoyinappatiki) paalaseedaarulu vaadinchadam praarambhinchaaru. phalitamgaa, 20,30 ledhaa 40 samvatsaraala kritam raasina paalaseelapai chaalaa kaalam kritam tama pustakaalanu moosivesina beema samsthalu ippudu tama beema chesinavaaru aaa paatha paalaseelanu chikkukunna vandala vaela vyaajyaalato debbatintunnarani kanugonnaru. eee nirantara gaayam ledhaa "long tail" claimlaku yea paalaseelu spandinchaali anedaaniki sambandhinchi oka chattaparamaina samstha abhivruddhi chendindi, aneka kortulu bahula paalaseelanu kaligi undatam valla bahirgatam, nirantara gaayam ledhaa vaastavaaniki gaayam trigger yokka application dwara chikkukovacchu mariyu itarulu gayalu ledhaa nashtalu kanugonabadina samayamlo amalulo unna palasi matrame chikkukunnatlu nirdhaarinchaaru.
beema parisrama eee parinaamaalaku rendu vidhaluga pratispandinchindi. modatidi, "kotta" sanghatana vidhanalapai premiyamlu aakaasaanni taakaayi, endukante atuvanti vidhana bhaashatho mudipadi unna nijamaina pramaadaala gurinchi parisramaku manchi prasamsalu vachayi. rendavadi, parisrama claim-maid paalaseelanu jaarii cheyadam praarambhinchindi, indulo palasi vyavadhilo beema chesinavaariki vyatiraekamgaa modata chesina claimlanu matrame palasi cover chestundi. sambandhita vaividhyam claimlu-maid-und-report chesina palasi, dheenilo palasi beema chesinavaariki vyatiraekamgaa modata chesina claimlanu matrame cover chestundi mariyu "palasi vyavadhilo beema chesinavaaru beema samsthaku nivedistaaru (indulo tarachugaa palasi vyavadhi mugisina tarvaata beema chesina vaarini rakshinchadaaniki beema vyavadhi mugimpulo daavaa veyabadina vaarini rakshinchadaaniki nivedinchadaaniki grays period untundi).
claimlu chesina paalaseelu beema samsthalaku prati paalaseepai tama deerghakaalika baadhyatanu mallee teevramgaa parimitam cheyadaaniki mariyu paalaseelapai tama pustakaalanu muusivaeyadaaniki mariyu labhanni namodu cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistaayi. anduvalla, ituvanti paalaseelu eevent paalaseela kante chaalaa sarasamainavi mariyu aaa kaaranamgaa chaalaa prachuryam pondaayi. vaastavaaniki, claimlu chesina paalaseelu beema samsthalaku kotta claimlanu ventane nivedinchadaaniki beemaadaarudipai bhaaram vestaayi. pramaada nirvahana gurinchi marinta churukainadigaa maaradaaniki mariyu vaari swantha podavaina baadhyatanu niyantrinchadaaniki maargaalanu kanugonadaaniki kooda vaaru beema chesinavaarini balavantam chestaaru.
claimlu chesina paalaseelalo tarachugaa beema chesinavaaru "sambhaavya" claimlanu kooda nivedinchaalsina avasaram unna kathinamaina klaajulu untaayi mariyu idhi mottam sambandhita charyala shrenini oke claimga militam chestundi. idhi beema chesinavaarini prati "sambhaavya" claim (antey.ii., vaari praamganamloo prati slip-und-phaal), avi nijamaina vyaajyaalaku ennadoo pakwaniki rakapoyina, tadwara coverage hakkunu parirakshinchinappatiki, tamanu taamu marinta pramaadakaramgaa kanipinchela chesi, vaari swantha beema premiyamlanu penchukune kharchutho. ledhaa vaaru vaastavaaniki daavaa vese varaku vechi undavacchu, conny appudu vaaru daavaa tiraskarinchabade pramaadam undhi endukante antarleena pramaadam modata jariginappudu adhi tirigi nivedinchabadaali.
claim-maid coverage beema chesina vaariki beema samsthalanu marchadam, alaage vaari karyakalapalanu moosiveyadam kooda kashtataram chestundi. atuvanti paristhitulaku "tail coverage" nuu konugolu cheyadam saadhyame, conny sampradaaya claim-maid paalaseela kante chaalaa ekkuva premiyamlapai matrame, endukante claim-maid paalaseelu beema chesinavaariki praarambhinchadaaniki uddesinchina baadhyatalanu tirigi anchanaa veyamani beema samsthanu koradam jarugutondi.
aascharyaponavasaram ledhu, beema chesinavaariki gananeeyamaina mottamlo pramaadaanni tirigi andinchadaaniki claim-maid paalaseelanu upayoginchadaaniki beema parisrama emi chestondo beema chesinavaaru gurtinchaaru, mariyu claim-maid coverage 1970,1980,1990 laloe aneka deshaalalo vistrutamaina vyaajyaaniki sambandhinchina vishayam. idhi yuu yokka mukhyamaina nirnayaalaku daariteesindi.ess. 1978 mariyu 1993loe supreenkortu mariyu 1993loe kenada supreme court.
parimitulu mariyu sarlanu konasaaginchaaru.
vyaparalu tama baadhyata beema premiyamlanu tagginchukovadaaniki oka maargam emitante, kontavaraku taggimpu vantidigaa unde, nilupukunna parimiti ledhaa sweeya-beema nilupudala (surr) thoo paalaseeni charchinchadam. atuvanti paalaseelatoo, beema chesinavaaru tappanisarigaa chinna claimla kosam sweeya-beema mariyu sweeya-rakshanaku angeekaristaaru, mariyu oka nirdishta viluvanu minchina baadhyata claimla kosam matrame rakshananu tender chesi demand chestaaru. ayithe, atuvanti beema rayadam beema samsthalaku pramaadakaram. california appeal kortulu surr thoo unna paalaseelapai praathamika beema samsthalu ippatikee "takshana, 'modati dollar' rakshananu andinchaalani (beema chesina vaari nundi surr mottaanni tirigi pondhe vaari hakkuku lobadi) palasi spashtamgaa vidhinchakapothe tappa surr yokka alasatanu vidhistundi.
rakalu.
aneka deshaalalo, nirlakshyam kosam moodava pakshalu daavaa vese pramaadam unnavaariki baadhyata beema anedi tappanisari beema roopam. atyanta saadhaarana tappanisari palasi taragatulu motaru vaahanaala driverlu (vaahana beema), prajalaku vruttiparamaina sevalanu andinche vaaru, haanikaramaina utpattulanu tayaaru chesevaaru, constructorlu mariyu upaadhini andinche vaariki vartistaayi. atuvanti chattalaku kaaranam beema chesina taragatulu uddeshapoorvakamgaa itarulanu gaayam ledhaa nashtam kaliginche karyakalapalalo nimagnam kavadam. anduvalla public paalaseeki atuvanti vyaktulu beema kaligi undaali, tadwara vaari karyakalapalu marokariki nashtam ledhaa nashtam kaligiste, pariharam chellinchadaaniki dabbu andubaatulo untundi. adanamgaa, prajalu beema chese pramaadaala shreni inca undhi, tatphalitamgaa, nyaayavaadulu andinche aakasmika rusumu vyaajyam perugudalaku anugunamgaa (konnisaarlu class action praatipadikana) baadhyata paalaseela sankhya mariyu paridhi perigindi. ituvanti vidhanalu moodu pradhana vargaluga vibhajinchabaddaayih
praja baadhyata.
parisramalu mariyu vaanijyam moodava pakshaalanu (prajala sabhyulu, sandarsakulu, atikramanadaarulu, upa contractorlu modalainavi) prabhaavitam chese saamarthyam unna aneka prakriyalu mariyu karyakalapalapai aadharapadi untaayi. saareerakamgaa gayapadina ledhaa aasti debbatinna ledhaa rendoo kaavacchu). yajamani yokka baadhyata beema mariyu praja baadhyata beema rendintiloo okati ledhaa rendintinee chattam dwara tappanisari chesara anae daanipai idhi rashtraanni batti maarutuu untundi. ayithe, tappanisari sambandham lekunda, chaalaa samsthalu tama beema portfolio praja baadhyata beemaanu kaligi untaayi, ayithe praamaanika paalaseelalo cherchabadina sharatulu, minahaayimpulu mariyu vaaranteelu bhaaram kaavacchu. udaaharanaku, paarisraamika sadupaayaanni kaligi unna company, paryaavarana pramaadaala phalitamgaa vachhe vyajyalanu cover cheyadaaniki kalushya bheemaanu konugolu cheyavachu.
premiyamla adhika vyayam kaaranamgaa chaalaa chinna vyaparalu saadhaarana ledhaa vruttiparamaina baadhyata beemaanu pondavu. ayithe, daavaa vishayamlo, chattaparamaina rakshana ledhaa parishkaram kosam jebu kharchulu premium kharchulanu minchipovachhu. konni sandarbhaallo, claim kharchulu oka chinna vyapaaraanni muusivaeyadaaniki saripothayi.
baadhyata beema avasarama ledhaa anie nirnayinchetappudu vyaparalu anni sambhaavya pramaada bahirgataalanu parigananaloki teesukoovaali, mariyu alaa ayithe, entha coverage taginadi mariyu kharchutho kuudukunnadi.
shopping kendraalu, pabbulu, clubbulu, theatres, cinema, creeda vedikalu, marketlu, hotallu mariyu resortlatho sahaa pedda sankhyalo moodava pakshalu tarachugaa vishraanti teesukune praamganaalanu aakraminchevaaru atyadhika praja baadhyata pramaadaaniki gurayyevaaru. madyam viniyogam mariyu creeda kaaryakramaalanu cherchinappudu pramaadam natakeeyamgaa perugutundi. bhadrata mariyu subhraparachadam vanti konni parisramalu haameedaarulache adhika pramaadamgaa pariganinchabadataayi. konni sandarbhaallo haameedaarulu eee parisramala baadhyataku beema cheyadaaniki kooda niraakaristaaru ledhaa sambhaavya pariharalanu tagginchadaaniki pedda taggimpunu vartimpajeyadaaniki enchukuntaaru.
private vyaktulu kooda bhoomini aakraminchi pramaadakaramaina karyakalapalalo palgontaru. udaaharanaku, oka kullina komma paatha chettu nundi padi paadachaarulaku gaayapadavachu, mariyu chaalaa mandhi prajalu bahiranga pradaesaalloo saikillu mariyu skaetboordulanu naduputaaru. chaalaa rashtraallo vaahanadaarulu beema kaligi undaali mariyu chellubaatu ayye palasi lekunda vahanalu nadipe vaarini neerasthulugaa pariganinchaali. chaalaavaraku beema companylu driverku chellubaatu ayye palasi laeni pramaadaallo saareerakamgaa gayapadina vaariki pariharam andinchadaaniki default fundnu andinchaalsi untundi.
aneka deshaalalo, daavaa vesevaaru kesu chattam yokka sudeergha charitra dwara sthaapinchabadina saadhaarana chatta suutraala prakaram vyavaharistaaru mariyu daavaa vesthe, sambandhita adhikara paridhiloo poura charyala dwara chestaaru.
utpatti baadhyata.
utpatti baadhyata beema anedi anni deshaalalo tappanisari beema taragati kaadu, conny utpatti baadhyatapai isi aadesam (25/7/85) mariyu UK yokka viniyogadaarula rakshana chattam 1987 vanti chattalu "tappu lekunda" kathinamaina baadhyata palananu srushtistaayi, mariyu vastuvulanu tayaaru chese ledhaa sarafara chese vyaparalu tarachugaa oka rakamaina utpatti baadhyata beemaanu kaligi untaayi, saadhaaranamgaa ummadi baadhyata palasilo bhaagamgaa. asthira vaahanaalaku mercedes-benz mariyu benzin kaalushyaaniki perior vanti kesulato sambhaavya baadhyata yokka sthaayi vivarinchabadindi, ayithe puurti jaabitaalo aushadhaalu mariyu vaidya parikaraalu, asbestas, pogaaku, vinoda parikaraalu, yaantrika mariyu vidyut utpattulu, rasayanalu mariyu purugumandulu, vyavasaya utpattulu mariyu parikaraalu, aahara kalushyam mariyu anni itara pradhana utpatti taragatulu unnaayi.
yajamaanulu mariyu kaarmikulaku pariharam.
udyogiki pariharam chellinche kaarmikula parihaaraaniki sambandhinchina chattalu deshaanni batti maarutuu untaayi, ayithe 1881loe oto vaan bismark amallo pettina kaarmikula pramaada beema vyavasthanu tarachugaa airopaku, taruvaata united statesku oka namoonaga paerkontaaru.
aneka chattaparamaina adhikara paridhulalo, united kingdom mariyu united states looni aneka rashtraalu sahaa vyapaaraanni batti kaarmikula pariharam tappanisari, 2018 natiki texas minaha. tappanisari avasaraalatoe sambandham lekunda, vyaparalu swachchandamgaa beemaanu konugolu cheyavachu, mariyu united states paalaseelalo saadhaaranamgaa tappanisari coverage kosam modati bhaagam mariyu tappanisari kaani coverage kosam rendava bhaagam untaayi.
kaarmikula parihara daavaalapai asalu adhikara paridhi samyukta rashtraalalo chaalaa varaku samakhya mariyu rashtra nyaayasthaanaala velupala paripalana kaaryakalaapaalaku mallinchabadindi. avi yajamani yokka tappunu niroopinchaalsina avasaram laeni noo-falt pathakaalagaa panicheestaayi; udyogini udyogam chestunnappudu gaayam jarigindani niroopinchadaaniki idhi saripotundi. yajamani kakunda vaerae moodava paksham nijamgaa gaayaaniki kaaranamaite, udyogi claimnu chellinchaalani aadesinchabadina kaarmikula parihara beema samstha (ledhaa sweeya-beema yajamani) saadhaaranamgaa moodava pakshaaniki vyatiraekamgaa saadhaarana kortu vyavasthalo sub-prosession charyanu praarambhinchadaaniki arhulu. pratigaa, kaarmikula parihara beema baadhyata beema nundi vidigaa niyantrinchabadutundi mariyu haamii ivvabadutundi. beema sevala karyalayam praamaanika baadhyata beema faaraalanu abhivruddhi chesi, rashtra beema kamishanarla nundi aamodam pondinatle, parihara beema (enn. sii. sii. ii) paie jaateeya mandali mariyu vividha rashtra rating beurolu kaarmikula parihara sandarbhamlo ilanti sevalanu andistaayi.
yuu.ess. kaarmikula parihara beema saadhaaranamgaa udyogulaku saareeraka gaayam mariyu maranaaniki matrame vartistundi, ayithe idhi ellappuduu atuvanti saareeraka gaayam ledhaa maranam yokka pratyaksha phalitamgaa gayapadina itara vyaktulaku vartinchadu. yuu.ess. yajamaanula nirlakshyam valla udyogiki saareeraka gaayam ayinatlu aaropanalu edurkontunna udyogi jeevita bhagaswamy vanti nyaayasthaanaalalo vaaripai daavaa vese hakku unna vyaktula nundi vyaajyaala nundi tamanu taamu rakshinchukovadaaniki yajamaanulu tarachugaa yajamaanula baadhyata kavarejeeni (idhi tappanisarigaa tappanisari kaadu) kaligi untaaru.
nirvahana mariyu upaadhi paddhatula baadhyata.
kaarmikula pariharam kevalam bhavodvega badhanu kaliginche, ledhaa nirvahana nirlakshyam mariyu vaataadaarulaku baadhyata nundi utpannamayye himsanu kaliginche kanipinchani himsanu kooda cover cheyadu. saadhaarana nirvahana baadhyata coveragelo directorlu mariyu adhikarulu (dii & oo) baadhyata beema, upaadhi paddhatula baadhyata (ii. pii. ell) beema, viswasaneeya baadhyata beema mariyu "pratyeka naera" beema (kidnap, vimochanam mariyu dopidi) vyaktigatamgaa ledhaa samanvaya packagelo bhaagamgaa undavacchu.
upaadhi paddhatula baadhyata 1980laloe yuu.ess. udyogulu tappudu tolagimpu vanti karyalaya charyala kaaranamgaa tama yajamaanulapai jurie teerpulanu pondadam praarambhinchaaru. praamaanika contract beema paalaseela vikreta ayina beema sevala karyalayam (ii. ess. oo), udyoga sthalamlo jaathi ledhaa linga vivaksha vanti yajamani-udyogi sambandhaalaku sambandhinchina himsaku kavarejeeni minahaayinchadaaniki vaanijya saadhaarana baadhyata beema palasi faaraanni savarinchindi, alaage atuvanti himsaku paalpadina madhya sthaayi nirvaahakula nirlakshya paryaveekshanhaku baadhyata. aaa taruvaata, eee nirdishta pramaadaanni teerchadaaniki nirdishta palasi faaraalu roopondinchabaddaayi.
saadhaarana baadhyata.
saadhaarana baadhyata beema anedi oka vyaktiki saareeraka gayalu, karuku saareeraka nashtam, vyapara karyakalapala valla aasti nashtam modalaina vividha claimla nundi rakshananu andinche coverage. 
saadhaarana baadhyata beema (jipi) aneka vyapaaraalanu cover chestundi mariyu beema nibandhanalu company nundi companyki alaage praantaaniki maaravacchu. aneka praja mariyu utpatti baadhyata pramaadaalu tarachugaa saadhaarana baadhyata vidhanam kinda kalisi untaayi. eee pramaadaalalo beema chesina vyakti yokka pratyaksha ledhaa paroksha charyala valla saareeraka gaayam ledhaa aasti nashtam undavacchu.
samyukta rashtraalalo, saadhaarana baadhyata beema coverage tarachugaa vyaparalu pondina vaanijya saadhaarana baadhyata paalaseelalo mariyu vyaktigata inti yajamaanulu pondina inti yajamaanula beema paalaseelalo kanipistundi.
beema cheyagala pramaadaalu.
saadhaaranamgaa, baadhyata beema anedi nirlakshyam ledhaa kathinamaina baadhyata vedhimpula kosam daavaa vese pramaadaanni matrame cover chestundi, conny adhika sthaayi "purushula rhea" thoo yea himsa ledhaa neeraanni cover cheyadu. idhi saadhaaranamgaa beema chesina vyakti nivasinche ledhaa vyaparam chese adhikara paridhilooni palasi bhasha ledhaa kesu chattam ledhaa saasanaala dwara tappanisari cheyabadutundi.
maroe maatalo cheppalante, beema chesinavaaru chesina neeraalu ledhaa uddesapurvaka vedhimpula phalitamgaa vachhe baadhyata nundi baadhyata beema rakshinchadu. nerasthulu, mukhyamgaa vyavastheekruta neeraalu, prabhutvam teesukuvacchina naera charyalalo ledhaa vaari baadhitulu teesukuvacchina poura charyalalo tamanu taamu rakshinchukune kharchulanu bharinchadaaniki baadhyata beemaanu pondakunda nirodhinchadaaniki idhi uddesinchabadindi. dheeniki viruddhamaina niyamam neeraalanu prothsahistundi, mariyu nerasthulu tama sonta charyala yokka pratikuula parinaamaala nundi tamanu taamu rakshinchukovadaaniki anumatinchadam dwara beema companylu parokshamgaa daani nundi labham pondadaaniki anumatistundi.
neeraalu "swayamgaa" beema cheyalenivi kaavu. baadhyata beema kakunda, neeraaniki guraina vyakti yokka nashtalanu bharti cheyadaaniki "nashtam" beema pondadam saadhyapadutundi.
saakshya niyamaalu.
united stateslo, chaalaa rashtraalu motaru vaahana beemaanu matrame teesukelladam tappanisari chestaayi. paalaseeni teesukelladam tappanisari kanappudu mariyu moodava paksham gaayaala kosam daavaa vesthe, oka paksham baadhyata beema kaligi undani rujuvu cheyadam saadhaaranamgaa public palasi praatipadikana daavaalo anumatinchabadadu, endukante kortulu atuvanti beemaanu teesukokunda paarteelanu nirutsaahaparachadaaniki ishtapadavu. eee niyamaaniki rendu minahaayimpulu unnaih
saanketika parisramalo.
saanketika companylu ekkuvagaa kanipinchani inca atyanta viluvaina detatho vyavaharinchae saapekshamgaa kotta parisramaku praatinidhyam vahistunnanduna, eee rangamlo chattaparamaina baadhyata yokka konni nirvachanalu ippatikee abhivruddhi chendutuu undavacchu. saanketika samsthalu tama paniloo antarleenamgaa unna anni sambhaavya pramaadaala kavarejeeni nirdhaarinchadaaniki vaari vidhana parimitulanu jagrattagaa chadivi, puurtigaa ardham chesukovali.
vruttiparamaina baadhyata beema saadhaaranamgaa saanketika samsthalanu vruttiparamaina nirlakshyam ledhaa vruttiparamaina vidhulanu nirvartinchadamlo vaiphalyam vanti aaropanala phalitamgaa vachhe vyaajyaala nundi rakshistundi. cover cheyabadina sanghatanalalo client dayta, software ledhaa system vaiphalyam, paniteeru laeni claimlu, sevalanu atigaa vikrayinchadam, forum post ledhaa udyogi yokka email yokka vishayalu tappu ledhaa pratishtaku haani kaliginche vishayalu, facs mesheenlu vanti karyalaya parikaraalanu vaari antargata memarini sarigga clear cheyakunda tolaginchadam ledhaa viniyogadaarulaku vaari private dayta ullanghinchabadindani teliyajeyadamlo viphalamavadam vantivi undavacchu. udaaharanaku, saanketika upa contractorla charyala phalitamgaa bharti cheyaleni dayta kolpoyina taruvaata konni client companylu gananeeyamaina parishkaralanu geluchukunnayi. vruttiparamaina baadhyata beema saadhaaranamgaa palasi parimitullo atuvanti chellimpulu mariyu chattaparamaina rakshananu cover chestundi.
adanamgaa, client oppandaalaku tarachugaa saadhaarana baadhyata mariyu vruttiparamaina baadhyata beema rujuvunu andinchadaaniki aann-sait technology sub contractorlu avasaram.

