
neenu prasaram chestunnanu

amplitude modulation (am) prasaralanu upayoginchi radeo prasaram cheyadam anedi am prasaram. idhi audeo radeo prasaralanu cheyadaaniki abhivruddhi cheyabadina modati paddhati, mariyu ippatikee prapanchavyaaptamgaa pradhanamgaa medium wave ("aam byaand" anie kooda pilustaaru) prasaaraala kosam, conny long wave mariyu short wave radeo bandlalo kooda upayoginchabadutundi.
mottamodati prayogaatmaka prasaralu 1900la praarambhamlo prarambhamayyayi. ayithe, vacuum tube receiverlu mariyu transmitterla abhivruddhi taruvaata, 1920la varaku vistrutamaina prasaram sthaapinchabadaledu. 1950laloe television prasaram vistrutamgaa vyaapinchi, gatamlo radeo dwara prasaram cheyabadina karyakramalalo ekkuva bhaagam andukune varaku, radeo yokka swarna yugam anie piluvabade taruvaati 30 samvatsaraala paatu radeo prasaram yokka aadhipatya paddhatigaa undipoyindi. tadanantaram, efm (frequency modulation) radeo, digital audeo broadcasting (dobb), satellite radeo, hechdi (digital) radeo, internet radeo, music streaming sevalu mariyu podcasting nundi pootii kaaranamgaa radeo prekshakulu kooda baga kunchinchukupoyaru.
efm ledhaa digital prasaaraalatoo poliste, emm prasaralu prasaram cheyadaaniki takkuva khareedainavi mariyu chaalaa dooraalaku pampavacchu, ayithe avi jokyaniki chaalaa ekkuvagaa untaayi mariyu tarachugaa takkuva audeo viswasaneeyatanu kaligi untaayi. anduvalla, prasarakulu tock radeo, anni vaartalu mariyu kreedalu vanti matlade-padaala formatlalo, pradhanamgaa efm mariyu digital stationla kosam sangeeta formatlatho pratyekata kaligi untaaru.
charitra.
prarambha prasaara abhivruddhi.
prasaara aalochana-vistruta prekshakulaku sankethaala aniyantrita prasaram-radeo abhivruddhi yokka vyavasthaapaka kaalam naatidi, ayinappatikee mottamodati radeo prasaralu, modata "hertjian radiation" mariyu "wireless telegraphy" anie piluvabaddayi, ivi maars code yokka chukkalu mariyu dashlanu matrame prasaram cheyagala spark-gyap transmitterlanu upayoginchaayi. 1898 octoberulo londonlo prachuritamaina "dhi electrician", "arudaina kesulu unnaayi, ikkada daa. [olivar] ladge okasari daanini vyaktam chesina tarvaata, sandesaanni anni disalalo prasaram chesevaariki prasaram chestu 'arustuu' undatam prayojanakaramgaa undavacchu. ayithe, idhi gananeeyamaina aardhika samasyalanu kaligi untundani gurtinchabadindi, adhe samvatsaram "electrician" kooda "professor" anie vyaakhyaaninchalaedu. chandaadaarulu kaanivaaru uchitamgaa prayojanam pondakunda nirodhinchadam asadhyam ayina vyavasthapai prapanchaaniki kekalu vesinanduku evaruu chellinchakudadani marchipondi."
janavari 1,1902naa, nathan stablefield oka chinna-shreni "wireless telephone" pradarsananu ichindi, indulo ekakaalamlo kentakeelooni murre antataa edu pradaesaalaku prasangam mariyu sangeetaanni prasaram cheyadam jarigindi. ayithe, idhi radeo sankethaalanu kakunda prerananu upayoginchi prasaram cheyabadindi, mariyu "oke samayamlo vandalaadi gruhaalato communicate cheyadam saadhyamavutundi" mariyu "oke sandesaanni pampavacchu" anie stablefield thana vyavastha paripuurnamgaa untundani anchanaa vesinappatiki, eee saanketika parignaanam yokka swaabhaavika dhoora parimitulanu adhigaminchalekapoyadu.
mottamodati praja radeo telegraph prasaralu prabhutva sevalagaa andinchabaddaayi, rojuvaaree samaya sanketaalato praarambhinchi, 1905 janavari 1naa aneka mandhi yuu.ess. naukaadala stationlu. airopalo, eefil towerpy unna station nundi prasaram cheyabadina sankethaalu airopaloni chaalaa praantaalalo andaayi. united states mariyu france rendintiloonuu idhi fraanslooni ondophone mariyu united statesloni dii forrest rs-100 jewellers time receivertho sahaa tama gadiyaralanu sett cheyadaaniki khachitamaina samayam avasaramayye aabharanaala kosam sannaddhamaina receiver linela chinna marketku daariteesindi.
morse code vaataavarana nivedikalu mariyu vaartaa saaraamsaalato paatu, samaya sanketha prasaralanu enchukune saamarthyam kooda autsaahika radeo autsaahikula aasaktini aakarshinchindi.
prarambha amplitude modulation (am) transmitter saanketikatalu.
telephone aavishkaranaku mundu telegraph maadirigaane, audeo radeo prasaralanu cheyagala saamarthyam gananeeyamaina saanketika purogati anie ventane gurtinchabadindi. eee ghnaanam unnappatikee, naanhyamaina audeo prasaralanu cheyadaaniki avasaramaina saanketikatanu paripuurnamgaa cheyadaaniki inca rendu dasaabdaalu pattindi. adanamgaa, telephone vinodam pampinhee cheyadaaniki arudugaa upayoginchaaru, konni "telephone vaartaapatrika" vyavasthala velupala, veetilo ekkuva bhaagam airopalo sthaapinchabaddaayi. deenni drushtilo unchukuni, chaalaa prarambha radeo telephone abhivruddhi, eee parikaram vyaktigata communication kosam ledhaa prasaram yokka anischita aardhika paristhitula kante, saadhaarana telephone linelanu amalu cheyaleni linklanu andinchadaaniki "wireless telephone" gaa marinta labhadayakamga abhivruddhi cheyabadutundani bhaavinchindi.
saadhaaranamgaa aam technology yokka praadhamika prarambha developerga ghanata pondina vyakti kenadaalo janminchina aavishkarta reginald facenden. asalu spark-gyap radeo transmitterlu audeo prasaram cheyadaaniki asaadhyamainavi, endukante avi "damped vevlu" anie piluvabade nirantara palsnu utpatti chestaayi. sthiramaina "undamped" ("continues wave" anie baga piluvabade) sankethaalanu utpatti chese kotta rakam radeo transmitter avasaramani facenden grahinchaaru, appudu prasaram cheyabadutunna sabdaalanu pratibimbimchadaaniki "modulated" cheyavachu.
facenden yokka praathamika vidhanam yuu loe velladi cheyabadindi.ess. patent 706,737, dheeni kosam ayana 1901 mae 29naa darakhaastu chesi, marusati samvatsaram jaarii cheyabaddaadu. idhi "swachchamaina saine taramgaalanu" utpatti chesi, "gananeeyamgaa ekareeti balam kaligina prakaasavantamaina taramgaala nirantara railu" ledhaa aadhunika paribhaashalo, nirantara-taranga (sidablue) transmitternu utpatti chese adhika-vaega alternator ("pratyaamnaaya-prastuta dynamo" gaa suuchistaaru) vaadakaaniki pilupunicchindi. maereelaandlooni cobe dveepamlo united states vaataavarana seva kosam abhivruddhi pani chestunnappudu fessenden audeo prasaralapai thana parisoedhananu praarambhinchaadu. athanu inca nirantara-taranga transmitternu kaligi lenanduna, praarambhamlo athanu prayogaatmaka "adhika-frequency spark" transmittertho panicheesaadu, spark raetu entha ekkuvagaa unte, spark-gyap transmission antha daggaragaa nirantara taramgaalanu utpatti chestundi anae vaastavaanni sadviniyogam chesukunnadu. 1900 chivaralo, athanu sumaru 1.6 kilometres (oka mailu) dhooramlo prasamgaanni vijayavantamgaa prasaram chesaadani, idhi radeo sankethaalanu upayoginchi modati vijayavantamaina audeo prasaramga unnatlu kanipistundani athanu taruvaata nivedinchaadu. ayithe, eee samayamlo dhwani vaanijyaparamgaa aacharanatmakamgaa undataaniki chaalaa vakreekarinchabadindi. kontakaalam athanu marinta adhunaatanamaina adhika-pounahpunya spark transmitterlatho pani konasaginchadu, veetilo sampeedana gaalini upayoginche samskaranalu unnaayi, ivi aark-transmitterla yokka konni lakshanaalanu teesukovadam praarambhinchaayi. fessenden point-tuu-point communication kosam eee rakamaina radiotelephone vikrayinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu, conny viphalamayyaadu.
alternator transmitter.
adhika-frequency spark transmissionlatho facenden chesina pani taatkaalika kolata matrame. audeo-capable transmitternu roopondinchadaaniki ayana antima pranaalika emitante, vidyut alternatornu punahroopakalpana cheyadam, idhi saadhaaranamgaa konni vandala (heartz) pratyaamnaaya karentnu utpatti chestundi, daani bhramana vegaanni penchadaaniki mariyu padula vaela heartz pravahalanu utpatti cheyadaaniki, tadwara sthiramaina nirantara-taranga prasaranni utpatti chestundi. praamaanika wire-telephone abhyasam nundi sweekarinchabadina tadupari dasha, prasaara lineloki saadhaarana carbon microphone choppinchadam, am audeo prasaralanu utpatti cheyadaaniki carrier taranga signalnu savarinchadam. ayithe, alternator-transmitter namuunaa kooda siddhamgaa undataaniki chaalaa samvatsaraalu padutundi, mariyu adhika-shakti versionlu andubaatulo undataaniki konni samvatsaraalu padutundi.
facenden general electric (jeeee) ernst eff thoo panicheesaaru. doubleu. 1906 augustulo alegzanderson merugaina namuunaanu pampinhee chesaaru, idhi takkuva saktitoe unnappatikee sumaru 50 kiloj prasaara frequencytho panichestundi. alternator-transmitter naanhyamaina audeo sankethaalanu prasaram chese lakshyanni saadhinchindi, conny sankethaalanu vistarinchadaaniki yea maargam lekapovadam valla avi kontha balaheenamgaa unnayani ardham. 1906 december 21naa, fessenden masaachusetslooni brant rock vadda kotta alternator-transmitter yokka vistrutamaina pradarsana chesaadu, idhi point-tuu-point wireless telephony kosam daani upayogaanni choopistundi, indulo wire telephone netvarkku thana stationlanu anusandhaaninchadam kooda undhi. pradarsanalo bhaagamgaa, prasangam 18 kilometres (11 maillu) masaachusetslooni plymouth vadda oka shravana pradaesaaniki prasaram cheyabadindi.
december 21 alternator-transmitter pradarsana yokka "american telephone journal" khaataalo "idhi vaartalu, sangeetam modalaina vaati prasaaraaniki prasamsaneeyamgaa anugunamgaa undhi" anae prakatana undhi. vairlu avasaram lenanduna, chaalaa mandhi chandaadaarulaku ekakaalamlo prasaram cheyadaanni kondari maadirigaane sulabhamgaa prabhaavitam cheyavachu, pradarsana saakshulaku pampinhee cheyabadina chetivraata padaalanu pratidhvanistuu, "[radeo] telephony prasamsaneeyam gaa vaartalu, stock ullekhanaalu, sangeetam, rays nivedikalu modalaina vaatini prasaram cheyadaaniki sweekarinchabadindi. ekakaalamlo oka nagaramlo, vairlu avasaram ledhu mariyu oke parikaram padhi vaela mandhi chandaadaarulaku sulabhamgaa pampinhee cheyagaladu. ikkadi mariyu videshaalalo pedda nagarallo eee prayojanam kosam stationlanu erpaatu cheyaalani pratipaadinchabadindi."ayithe, eee pradarsanala taruvaata koddikaalaanike rendu selavu prasaralu kakunda, facenden saadhaarana prajala kosam etuvanti radeo prasaralanu nirvahinchinatlu kanipinchadu, ledhaa saadhaarana prasaara seva yokka sambhaavyata gurinchi adanapu aalochana kooda ivvaledu, mariyu 1908 vyaasamlo thana radiotelephone aavishkaranaku sambhaavya upayogaala gurinchi samagra sameekshanu andistuu, athanu prasaram gurinchi etuvanti suuchanalu cheyaledu.
eee samayamlo vidyut pravahalanu vistarinchadaaniki maargam lenanduna, modulation saadhaaranamgaa antenna vairlo neerugaa choppinchina carbon microphone dwara saadhinchabadutundi. dheeni ardham puurti transmitter shakti microphone dwara pravahistundi, mariyu neeti sheetaleekarananu kooda upayoginchadam, microphonela shakti nirvahana saamarthyam prasaaraala saktini teevramgaa parimitam chesindi. chivariki chinna sankhyalo pedda mariyu saktivantamaina alegzander alternatorlu matrame abhivruddhi cheyabadataayi. ayithe, avi dadapuga suduura radeo telegraph communication kosam, mariyu appudappudu radeo telephone prayogaala kosam pratyaekamgaa upayoginchabadataayi, conny saadhaarana prasaram kosam eppuduu upayoginchabadaledu.
aark transmitterlu.
1915 kii mundu chesina daadaapu anni nirantara taranga prasaralu aark convertor transmitter yokka samskaranala dwara tayaaru cheyabaddaayi, veetini modatlo 1903 loe waldemer poulsen abhivruddhi chesaaru. aark transmitterlu pariveshtita hydrogen vaataavaranamloo pulls chese vidyut aarknu utpatti cheyadam dwara panicheesaayi. avi alternator transmitterla kante chaalaa compactga undevi mariyu kontha ekkuva transmitting frequencilapy panicheyagalavu. ayithe, vaaru adhe lopaalanu edurkonnaru. vidyut pravahalanu vistarinchadaaniki etuvanti margalu lekapovadam antey, alternator transmitterla maadirigaa, modulation saadhaaranamgaa antenna vairlo neerugaa choppinchina microphone dwara saadhinchabadutundi, idhi mallee neeti-challabade microphonela vaadakamtho kooda athi vedekkinche samasyalaku daariteestundi. anduvalla, transmitter saktulu parimitam ayyayi. aark kooda kontha asthiramgaa undhi, idhi audeo naanhyatanu tagginchindi. vaari radiotelephone parisoedhana kosam aark transmitterlanu upayoginchina prayogakaarulalo ernst rumar, quirno mejana, charless "dock" herold mariyu lii dii forrest unnaayi.
vacuum tube transmitterlu.
vacuum tube technologylo purogati (british vaadukalo "kavaataalu" anie pilustaaru), mukhyamgaa 1915 taruvaata, radeo saanketika parignaanamlo viplavaatmaka maarpulu vachayi. vacuum tube parikaraalanu vidyut pravahalanu vistarinchadaaniki upayoginchavacchu, idhi transmission antenna circuitlo neerugaa microphonelanu choppinchaalsina avasaram unna athi vedekkinche samasyalanu adhigaminchindi. vacuum tube transmitterlu adhika-naanhyata gala AM sankethaalanu kooda andinchaayi, mariyu alternator mariyu aark transmitterla kante ekkuva prasaara pounahpunyaalapai panicheyagalavu. modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo aneka deshaalalo prabhutvetara radeo prasaralu nishedhinchabaddaayi, conny radeo telephony saanketikata yuddhakaala parisoedhana kaaranamgaa baga abhivruddhi chendindi, mariyu yuddham taruvaata gottala labhyata vaartalu ledhaa sangeetam yokka prasaaramtho prayogaalu chese autsaahika radeo stationla sankhyalo goppa perugudalanu rekettinchindi. 1950la chivaralo transisterlu aadhipatyam chelaayinchadam praarambhinchae varaku, vacuum tubelu 40 samvatsaraala paatu radeo yokka kendra saanketikatagaa undipoyaayi, inca atyadhika shakti prasaara prasaralalo upayoginchabadutunnaayi.
sweekarinchevaaru.
puurtigaa vibhina rakaala parikaraalanu upayoginche telegraph mariyu telephone vyavasthala maadirigaa kakunda, chaalaa radeo receiverlu radeo telegraph mariyu radeo telephone reception rendintikee samanamga anukuulamgaa undevi. 1903 mariyu 1904loe electrolytic detector mariyu thermionic diode (fleaming valve) nuu varusaga reginald fessenden mariyu zaan ambrose fleaming kanugonnaru. atyanta mukhyamainadi, 1904-1906 loe christal detector, saralamaina mariyu choukaina aam detector, g chae abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. doubleu. picard. intlo tayaaru chesina christal radiolu taruvaati 15 samvatsaraalalo vaegamgaa vyaapinchayi, modati radeo prasaaraalaku siddhamgaa unna prekshakulanu andinchaayi. sphatikaala setla yokka oka parimiti sankethaalanu vistarinchakapovadam, kabatti shrotalu earphonelanu upayoginchaalsi vachindi, mariyu loud speakerlu upayoginchadaaniki mundu vacuum-tube receiverla abhivruddhi avasaram. 1924loe kanugonna dynamic cone loud speaker, munupati horn speakerla kante audeo frequency pratispandananu baga meruguparichindi, idhi sangeetaanni manchi vishwasaneeyathatho punarutpatti cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. 1940la chivaralo adhika viswasaneeyata, deerghakaalam aadee rikaardunu pravesapettadaaniki mundu home audeo parikaramlo andubaatulo unna atyadhika dhwani naanhyatanu radeo andinchindi.
viplavaatmaka transister radeo (regency traan-1, december 1954loe vidudalaina modati transister radeo) parichayam kaaranamgaa 1960laloe shravana alavaatlu marai, idhi 1948loe transister aavishkarana dwara saadhyamaindi. (transister bell labslo kanugonabadindi mariyu juun 1948loe vidudala cheyabadindi). vaati compact saiju-chokka jebulo saripoyenta chinnadi-mariyu vacuum tubelatho poliste takkuva vidyut avasaralu, antey modatisaari radeo receiverlu sulabhamgaa portable avtayi. transister radeo charitralo atyanta vistrutamgaa upayoginche communication parikaramgaa maarindi, 1970la natiki billionla koddi utpatti cheyabadindi. radeo sarvavyaapta "sahachara madhyamam" gaa maarindi, dheenini prajalu ekkadiki vellinaa tamatho teesukellavacchu.
prarambha prayogaatmaka prasaralu.
prayogaatmaka" mariyu "vyavastheekruta" prasaramga pariganinchabade vaati madhya sarihaddu nirnayinchadam anedi chaalaa varaku ekapakshamgaa untundi. diguva jabita cheyabadina konni prarambha radeo prasaralu, vaati kramarahita schedule mariyu parimita prayojanaala kaaranamgaa, "prayogaatmaka" gaa vargeekarinchavachuh
vyavastheekruta prasaram.
modati prapancha yuddham taruvaata, vacuum-tube saanketika parignaanamlo purogati kaaranamgaa, kramam tappakunda prasaara sevalanu andinche stationla sankhya baga perigindi. konasagutunna kaaryakalaapaalaku pratispandanagaa, prabhutva niyantrakaalu chivariki saadhaarana prajala kosam uddesinchina prasaralanu cheyagala pramaanaalanu krodeekarinchaayi, udaaharanaku, united stateslo "prasaara seva" yokka adhikaarika gurtimpu december 1,1921 nundi amaluloki vachindi, mariyu kenadian adhikarulu april 1922loe "radeo-telephone prasaara stationla" pratyeka varganni srushtinchaaru. ayithe, prabhutva niyantrakaalu vaari adhikaarika gurtimpuku mundu vinoda prasaralanu kramam tappakunda pradarsinchina aneka kesulu unnaayi. konni prarambha udaaharanalu
radeo netvarklu.
endukante chaalaa long wave radeo pounahpunyaalu antarjaateeya radeo telegraph communication kosam upayoginchabaddaayi, prarambha prasaara stationlalo ekkuva bhaagam medium wave pounahpunyaalapai panicheestaayi, veeti parimita paridhi saadhaaranamgaa vaatini sthaanika prekshakulaku parimitam chestundi. eee parimitini adhigaminchadaaniki oka paddhati, alaage karyakrama kharchulanu panchukoovadaaniki oka paddhati, radeo netvarklanu srushtinchadam, stationlanu telephone lainlatho anusandhaaninchadam, desavyaaptamgaa prekshakulanu andinchadam.
united states.
U loe.ess.american telephone und telegraph company (ett & tii) radeo netvarknu srushtinchina modati samstha, alaage vaanijya prakatanalanu kooda prothsahinchindi, dheenini "toll" prasaram anie pilustaaru. newyork nagaramloni daani pradhana station, weif (ippudu doubleufan), vaanijya sandeshaalanu kaligi unna vinoda pradarsanalanu abhivruddhi chesina vaanijya spaansarlaku prasaara samaya blacklanu vikrayinchindi. naanhyamaina telephone linelapy ett & tii guttadhipatyanni kaligi undhi, 1924 natiki thoorpu nagaraalloni 12 stationlanu "golusu" gaa anusandhaaninchindi. radeo corporation off america (rca), general electric mariyu westinghouse newyork nagaramlo daani swantha flagship station, rca yokka doublueses (ippudu doubluabc) chuttoo pootii netvarknu nirvahinchaayi, conny connecting linelanu leejuku ivvadaaniki ledhaa vaatini air time vikrayinchadaaniki anumatinchadaaniki eah & tii niraakarinchadam valla debbatinnaayi. 1926loe eah. tii. & tii thana radeo karyakalapalanu aarr. sii. yea. kii vikrayinchindi, idhi vaatini kotta enn. bii. sii. network yokka kendrakamgaa roopondinchadaaniki upayoginchindi. 1930la natiki, desamloni chaalaa pradhana radeo stationlu enbisi mariyu cbs anae rendu companyla yaajamaanyamloni netvarklatho anubandhinchabaddaayi. 1934loe, moodava jaateeya network, paraspara radeo network daani stationla yaajamaanyamloni sahakaara samsthagaa erpadindi.
united kingdom.
network prograamingnu twaragaa sweekarinchina rendava desham united kingdom, mariyu daani jaateeya network twaragaa prasaram yokka rashtra-nirvahana guttaadhipatyaaniki namoonaga maarindi. 1920loe nilipivesina taruvaata, british prajalachae radeo prasaarampai perugutunna aasakti, eee sevanu tirigi pravesapettamani prabhutvampai ottidi tecchindi. ayithe, prabhutvam "astavyastamaina" yuu anie piliche daanini kooda nivaarinchaalani korukundi.ess. konni parimitulatoe pedda sankhyalo stationlanu nadapadaniki anumatinchina anubhavam. marconi company prasaaramlo aadhipatyam chelaayinchadam gurinchi kooda aandolanalu undevi. 1922 aktobaru 18naa sthaapinchabadina british broadcasting company (bbc) anae consortiumnu erpaatu cheyadaaniki aaru pedda radeo tayaareedaarulaku erpaatlu cheyabaddaayi, dheeniki prasaarampai guttadhipatyam ivvabadindi. eee samsthaku radeo setla ammakaalapai pannu, alaage post office sekarinchina receiverlapy vaarshika licenses rusumu maddatu ichindi. praarambhamlo enimidi stationlaku praantiiya svayampratipattini anumatinchaaru. 1927loe, asalu prasaara samsthanu prabhutva chartered british broadcasting corporation bharti chesindi. 10 shilling receiver licenses feezu dwara matrame maddatu ichhe swatantra laabhaapekshaleni samstha. prajaadarana pondina mariyu adhika anchu kaaryakramaala misramaanni jaateeya mariyu praantiiya netvarklu nirvahinchaayi.
"radeo yokka swarna yugam".
1920la prarambham nundi 1940la varaku unna kaalanni tarachugaa "radeo swarna yugam" anie pilustaaru. eee kaalamlo radeo television dwara bharti cheyabade varaku gruha vinodaaniki pradhana vanarugaa undedi. modatisaarigaa inti velupala nundi vinodam andinchabadindi, moukhika katha cheppadam mariyu kutumba sabhyula nundi sangeetam vanti saampradaaya vinoda roopaala sthaanamlo. radeo natakalu, mystery serials, sope operaalu, quiz sholu, vividha gantalu, paristhiti hasyalu mariyu pillala pradarsanalatoe sahaa kotta roopaalu srushtinchabaddaayi. remot reportingtho sahaa radeo vaartalu, shrotalu mukhyamaina karyakramalalo pratyakshamgaa haajaru kaavadaaniki anumatinchaayi.
radeo graameena jeevitaanni chaalaa varaku ekaantamgaa unchindi. raajakeeya adhikarulu ippudu lakshalaadi mandhi pourulatho neerugaa matladagalaru. dheenini sadviniyogam chesukunna modati vyaktulalo okaru american adhyakshudu franklin roojewelt, athanu mahaa maandyam samayamlo thana fireside chaatlaku prasiddhi chendaadu. ayithe, pracharanni saktivantamaina prabhutva saadhanamgaa upayoginchadaaniki prasaram kooda maargaalanu andinchindi, mariyu faasist mariyu communist siddhaantaala perugudalaku dohadapadindi.
prajaadarana taggutundi.
1940laloe rendu kotta prasaara madhyamalu, efm radeo mariyu television, sthaapinchabadina prasaara sevalatho vistrutamaina pootiini andinchadam praarambhinchaayi. radeo parisrama prekshakulu mariyu prakatanala aadaayaanni teevramgaa kolpoyindi, mariyu kotta vyuuhaalanu abhivruddhi cheyadam dwara edurkondi. network prasaram prasaranni formatt cheyadaaniki maargam chupindi desavyaaptamgaa oke kaaryakramaalanu prasaram cheyadaaniki badulugaa, stationlu vyaktigatamgaa pratyaekamaina formatlanu sweekarinchaayi, ivi praantiiya mariyu sthaanika vaartalu, kreedalu, "tock" karyakramalu mariyu minoritylanu lakshyamgaa chesukunna karyakramalu vanti vividha prekshakulanu aakarshinchayi. pratyaksha sangeethaaniki badulugaa, chaalaa stationlu takkuva khareedaina record chesina sangeetaanni play cheyadam praarambhinchaayi.
1970la chivaralo, efm stationlaku sangeeta kaaryakramaala nishkramanatho prerepinchabadina united statesloni aam radeo parisrama stereo prasaram kosam saanketikatanu abhivruddhi chesindi. itara deshaalu saadhaaranamgaa motorola yokka sii-kwaamnu enchukuni, aam stereoni sweekarinchaayi, mariyu 1993loe united states kooda sii-kwam vyavasthanu daani pramaanamgaa chesindi, oka kaalam tarvaata naalugu ververu pramaanaalanu pootii cheyadaaniki anumatinchindi. oke praamaanika empika dwara stereo yokka merugaina angeekaaram, ayithe mottam meeda prapanchavyaaptamgaa stereo yokka parimita sweekarana undhi, mariyu 1990 taruvaata aasakti taggindi. sangeetam nundi vaartalu, kreedalu mariyu tock formatlaku AM stationla nirantara valasatho, receiver tayaareedaarulu marinta khareedaina stereo tunerlanu sweekarinchadaaniki takkuva kaaranaanni chuusaaru, tadwara radeo stationlaku stereo transmissionku upgraded cheyadaaniki takkuva prothsaaham undhi.
disaatmaka antennala vadakam saadhaaranam ayina deshaalalo, united states vanti, bahula towerlatho kuudina transmitter saitlu tarachugaa dasabdaluga viluvalo gananeeyamgaa perigina pedda bhuubhaagaalanu aakramistaayi, bhoomi viluva station kante ekkuvagaa untundi. idhi konnisaarlu transmitter sait ammakaniki daariteestundi, station gananeeyamgaa takkuva saktini upayoginchi marinta suduura bhaagaswaamya saitku maarutundi ledhaa karyakalapalanu puurtigaa nilipivestundi.
digital audeo broadcasting (dobb), satellite radeo mariyu hechdi (digital) rediyotho sahaa pratyaamnaaya prasaara vyavasthala abhivruddhi konasaagutuu undatam, saampradaaya prasaara saanketikatala prajaadarana ksheenatanu konasaaginchindi. internet streaming parichayamtho sahaa eee kotta empikalu, mukhyamgaa short wave prasaralanu tagginchaayi, endukante antarjaateeya prasarakulu tama prekshakulanu marinta sulabhamgaa cherukovadaniki maargaalanu kanugonnaru.
2022loe tesla, aadi, porsche, bmdablue mariyu volvo tayaaru chesina kaarlatho sahaa aneka electric vehicle (ivi) modalla nundi am radeo tolaginchabadutundani nivedinchabadindi, vaahana tayaareedaarula aandolanala kaaranamgaa evi yokka adhika vidyudayaskaanta jokyam itara kaaranaalatoo paatu am prasaaraala sweekaranaku antaraayam kaligistundi mariyu shravana anubhavanni debbateestundi. ayithe united states congress atyavasara prasaralanu sweekarinchadaaniki uslo vikrayinche anni vaahanaalaku am receiver undela oka billunu pravesapettindi.
united stateslo byaand punaruddharana prayatnaalu chestunnanu.
efm broadcast byaand 1941loe united stateslo sthaapinchabadindi, aaa samayamlo kontamandi eee emm byaand tvaralo tolaginchabadutundani suuchimchaaru. 1948loe wide-byaand efm aavishkarta edwin hetch. armstrang, "prasarakulu efm stationlanu erpaatu chestaaru, ivi samaantaramgaa, vaari am stationla maadirigaane adhe karyakramanni nirvahistaayi... chivariki aaa roeju vastundi, vaastavaaniki, manam ikapai rendu rakaala prasaralanu sweekarinchagala receiverlanu nirminchaalsina avasaram undadu, aapai AM transmitterlu adrusyamavutaayi."ayithe, efm stationlu vaastavaaniki aneka dasabdaluga kashtapadutuu vachayi, 1978 varaku efm shrotala sankhya am stationlanu adhigaminchaledu. appati nundi prekshakula loe aam byaand vataa taggutuu vachindi.
nyaya siddhaantam raddu.
1987loe, nyaayamaina siddhaantam yokka aavasyakata tolagimpu antey, saadhaaranamgaa AM stationlu nirvahinche tock sholu, vivaadaaspada amsaalapai marinta kendrikruta pradarsananu avalambinchagalavu, etuvanti viruddhamaina abhipraayaalaku prasaara samayanni andinchadam yokka paradhyanam lekunda. adanamgaa, upagraha pampinhee kaaryakramaalanu jaateeya sthaayilo aardhikamgaa nirvahinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. desavyaaptamgaa tock shola parichayam, mukhyamgaa 1988loe praarambhamaina rush limbagh, konnisaarlu "saving aam radeo" thoo ghanata pondindi. ayithe, eee stationlu prakatanadaarulaku takkuva aasakti unna paatha shrotalanu aakarshinchayi, mariyu radeo prekshakula vataa ksheeninchadam konasaagindi.
neenu stereo mariyu amax pramaanaalanu kaligi unnaanu.
1961loe, eff. sii. sii. eff. emm. stereo prasaaraala kosam oke pramaanaanni sweekarinchindi, idhi eff. emm. yokka prajaadarananu penchina ghanatagaa vistrutamgaa pariganinchabadindi. prasaralanu 20 kilojula bandwidthku parimitam cheyalsina avasaram unnanduna stereo prasaram kosam saanketika parignaanaanni abhivruddhi cheyadam savaluga undhi, adhe samayamlo prasaralanu ippatike unna naan-stereo receiverlatho venukaku anukuulamgaa chestundi.
1990loe, eff. sii. sii magnavax abhivruddhi chesina oka am stereo pramaanaaniki adhikaram ichindi, conny rendu samvatsaraala taruvaata naalugu pootii amalulanu aamodinchadaaniki daani nirnayaanni savarinchindi, idhi edhi uttamamo "market nirnayinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi" anie cheppindi. saadhaarana pramaanam lekapovadam valla viniyogadaarulu gandaragolaniki gurayyaru mariyu stereo receiverlanu utpatti chese sanklishtata mariyu kharchu perigindi.
1993loe, eff. sii. sii. thana vidhananni mallee savarinchindi, sii-kwaamnu ekaika stereo amaluga enchukundi. 1993loe, eff. sii. sii. kooda aamodinchindi, ayithe idhi tappanisari cheyaledu, electronic industries association (eee. ii. yea) mariyu national association off broadcasters (enn. yea. bii) abhivruddhi chesina amaks broadcasting pramaanaalu, merugaina naanhyata gala receiverlanu prothsahinchadam dwara eff. emm. broadcasterlatho marinta poteegaa maaradaaniki, mukhyamgaa sangeeta formatlatho unna stationlaku sahayam cheyalane uddesyamto. ayithe, stereo aam mariyu amax karyakramalu takkuva prabhavanni chupayi, mariyu eee sanghatanala yokka 2015 sameeksha "praarambhamlo viniyogadaarula tayaareedaarulu 1993 amax pramaanam dwara aam receiverla paniteerunu paerkonadaaniki samishti prayatnam chesaaru, idhi eia mariyu naab yokka ummadi prayatnam, fcc maddatutoe... eff. sii. sii. vaegamgaa dheenini 1993loe kooda sikwam aam stereo standard yokka krodikaranato anusarinchindi. eee samayamlo, am byaand yokka punarujjeevanam kosam vedika erpaatu cheyabadinatlu kanipinchindi. ayinappatikee, bahula ananukuulamaina aam stereo vyavasthala amalulo gandaragolam mariyu niraasa yokka vaarasatvamto, mariyu tayaareedaarulu (auto tayaareedaarulatoo sahaa) amox raediyoelanu samarthavantamgaa prothsahinchadamlo vaiphalyamtho, bandlo nirantaram perugutunna sabdam nepathyamlo, saadhaarana prajalu tvaralo aasaktini kolpoyi itara mediaku vellaaru."
byaand vistarinchindi.
juun 8,1988naa, brazilloni reo dii janeero vadda jarigina antarjaateeya telecommunication union (itu)-praayojita samavesam, 1610 khz nundi 1700 khz varaku vistarinchi unna padhi pounahpunyaalanu jodinchadam dwara, praantam yokka eguva bhaganni vistarinchadaaniki juulai 1,1990 nundi amaluloki vacchina nibandhanalanu sweekarinchindi. eee samayamlo 500 yuu varaku undaalani soochinchabadindi.ess. kotta pounahpunyaalaku stationlanu ketayinchavacchu.
april 12,1990naa, eff. sii. sii. vistarinchina byaandnu janasaandrata prakriyanu praarambhinchadaaniki ootu vesindi, pradhana praadhaanyata empika chesina stationlanu kotta pounahpunyaalaku badilee cheyadam dwara, ippatike unna am bandpie jokyanni tagginchadam. vistarinchina byaand sumaru 300 yuu vasati kalpinchagaladani ippudu anchanaa veyabadindi.ess. stationlu. 
ayithe, 2006 accounting reportingtho, 4,758 licenses pondina yuu loe, saadhyamayye station resignmentla sankhya chaalaa takkuvagaa undani telindi.ess. prastutam vistarinchina bandlo 56 stationlu matrame panicheestunnaayi. antekakunda, aidu samvatsaraala chivari natiki asalu station ledhaa daani vistarinchina byaand counter prasaranni nilipiveyavalasi vachinappatikee, 2015 natiki, asalu praamaanika byaand station inca prasaaramlo unna 25 kesulu unnaayi, vistarinchina byaand stationga kooda panichesinappatiki.
hetch. dii. radeo.
hechdi radeo anedi ibqvt abhivruddhi chesina digital audeo prasaara paddhati. 2002loe daani "hybrid mode", idhi ekakaalamlo praamaanika analog signalnu alaage digital signalnu prasaram chestundi, praarambhamlo pagatipuuta matrame stationla upayogam kosam eff. sii. sii. chae aamodinchabadindi, raatri samayamlo daani vistruta bandwidth prakkane unna frequencilapy stationlaku aamodayogyam kaani jokyanni kaligistundane aandolanala kaaranamgaa. 2007loe raatri samayamlo operationku kooda adhikaram ivvabadindi.
hybrid mode AM stationla sankhya sarigga teliyadu, endukante eff. sii. sii. vyavasthanu upayoginche stationlanu track cheyadu, mariyu konni adheekruta stationlu taruvaata daanini aapivesaayi. conny 2020 natiki 250 kante takkuva stationlu hybrid mode sankethaalanu prasaram chestunnayani commission anchanaa vesindi. october 27,2020naa, eff. sii. sii. yea. emm. stationlanu vaari analog prasaralanu tolaginchadaaniki mariyu anni-digital operationlaku maarchadaaniki anumatinchadaaniki ootu vesindi, maarpu chese stationlu "kaneesam oka uchita ovar-dhi-air digital prograaming streamnu praamaanika analog prasaram kante audeo naanhyathatho polchadagina ledhaa merugaina" prograamingnu andubaatulo unchaalsina avasaram undhi.
efm anuvaada stationlu.
vividha charyalu unnappatikee, byaand prekshakulu oppandam konasaaginchaaru, mariyu stationla sankhya nemmadigaa taggadam praarambhinchindi. 2009 eff. sii. sii sameeksha prakaram "gatha 50 samvatsaraalugaa aam radeo katha anni vayasula vaariki audeo vinodam yokka aadhipatya roopamgaa undatam nundi dadapuga unikilo laeni athi pinna vayaskula janabha samuuhaalaku maarutondi. 12-24 vayassu gala vyaktulalo, neenu vinevaarilo kevalam 4 saatam matrame untaanu, ayithe FM 96 saatam untundi. 25-34 vayassu gala vyaktulalo, vinadamlo kevalam 9 saatam matrame unnaaru, ayithe efm 91 saatam unnaaru. am byaand shrotala madhyastha vayassu 57 samvatsaraalu, idhi efm shrotala madhyastha vayassu kante puurti taram peddadi."
2009loe, eff. sii. sii. eff. emm. anuvaada stationla dwara prasaram cheyadaaniki veelugaa oka vidhananni sweekarinchinappudu, oka pradhana niyantrana maarpu chesindi. anuvaadakulu gatamlo efm prasarakulaku matrame andubaatulo undevaaru, anchu praantaalalo kavarejeeni penchadaaniki. stationla dwara upayogam kosam vaari ketayimpu station yokka pagati kavarejeeni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki uddesinchabadindi, idhi stationlu raatri samayamlo vidyutnu tagginchina sandarbhaallo, tarachugaa raatri samayamlo vistarinchina kavarejeeki daariteesindi. praadhamika" AM station prasaram chestunnappudu prograamingnu praarambhinchadaaniki anuvaada stationlaku anumati laenappatikee, pagatipuuta matrame operation kosam licenses pondina AM stationlaku raatri samayamlo alaa cheyadaaniki vaariki anumati undhi.
kotta vidhananni sweekarinchadaaniki mundu, marchi 18,2009 natiki, eff. sii. sii. eff. emm translatorlaku 215 pratyeka taatkaalika authority graantlanu jaarii chesindi. kotta vidhananni roopondinchina taruvaata, 2011 natiki sumaru 500 amalulo unnaayi, mariyu 2020 natiki 4,570 licenses pondina AM stationlalo sumaru 2,800 okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva efm anuvaadakulapai rebrast cheyabaddaayi. 2009loe eff. sii. sii. "eff. emm. stationlaku eee cross-servies anuvaadakulanu sarrogetlugaa upayoginchadaaniki memu anumatinchadam ledhu" anie perkondi. ayithe, station ninaadaala aadhaaramgaa, mukhyamgaa iteevala sweekarinchina sangeeta roopaala vishayamlo, chaalaa sandarbhaalalo shrotalu namamatramga "praadhamika" AM station kante pradhanamgaa FM signal loki tune avtarani aasistaaru. 2020 sameekshalo "chaalaa mandhi yajamaanulaku, vaari AM stationlanu ippudu prasaaramlo unchadam anedi vaari FM anuvaadakudi paadamudranu daani swantha yogyatalapai prasaaramlo unchadam kante nilupukovadam gurinchi" anie perkondi.
adanapu karyakalapalu.
2018loe appati commission chairman ajith paay netrutvamloni eff. sii. sii., 50 kilovatla taragati "clear chaanal" stationlaku signal rakshananu baga tagginchaalani pratipaadinchindi. idhi koo-chaanal secondary stationlanu adhika saktulatoe, mukhyamgaa raatri samayamlo panicheyadaaniki anumatistundi. ayithe, federal emergency management agency (fema) idhi atyavasara samachara marpidi prabhavanni taggistundani aandolana vyaktam chesindi.
electric vahanalu.
mae 2023loe, united statesloni dwaipaakshika chattasabha sabhyula brundam vaahana tayaareedaarulu tama kaarla nundi radioni tolaginchadam chattaviruddham chese chattanni pravesapettindi. prakruti vaipareetyaalu mariyu itara atyavasara paristhithullo prabhutva adhikarulu prajalatho sambhashinche margalalo idhi okati kabatti, praja bhadrata kosam radeo oka mukhyamaina sadhanam anie chattasabha sabhyulu vaadistunnaaru. electric motorla jokyam kaaranamgaa kontamandi vaahana tayaareedaarulu tama electric vaahanaala (evs) nundi am radeonu tolagistunnaru, ayithe idhi bhadrata pramaadam anie mariyu kaaru yajamaanulu vaaru nadipe vahanam rakamtho sambandham lekunda am radioku praapyata kaligi undaalani chattasabha sabhyulu vaadistunnaaru. pratipaadita chattamlo anni kotta vahanalu etuvanti adanapu chaarjee lekunda radioni cherchaalsina avasaram untundi, alaage pratyaamnaayaala gurinchi viniyogadaarulaku teliyajeyadaaniki ippatike radioni tolaginchina vaahana tayaareedaarulu kooda avasaram avutaaru.
saanketika samacharam.
radeo saanketikata taruvaati prasaara vyavasthala kante sulabham. oka AM receiver oka nirdishta frequency vadda radeo taramgaalalo vaisalya vaividhyaalanu gurtistundi, aapai loud speaker ledhaa earphone operate cheyadaaniki signal voltagelo maarpulanu penchutundi. ayithe, am transmission yokka saralata kooda merupu vanti sahaja vaataavarana vidyut karyakalapalu mariyu fluorescent laitlu, motorlu mariyu vaahana jwalana vyavasthalatho sahaa vidyut mariyu electronic parikaraala dwara srushtinchabadina "static" (radeo sabdam, radeo frequency jokyam) kuu gurayye avakaasam undhi. pedda pattana kendraalalo, radeo signals loha nirmaanaalu mariyu podavaina bhavanala dwara teevramgaa antaraayam kaliginchavacchu. phalitamgaa, efm pounahpunyaalu takkuva sarafaraalo unna praantaalalo ledhaa takkuva janabha kaligina ledhaa efm coverage takkuvagaa unna parvata praantaalalo radeo uttamamgaa panichestundi. oke frequencylo panichese stationla madhya paraspara jokyanni nivaarinchadaaniki chaalaa jaagratta teesukoovaali. saadhaaranamgaa, naanhyathalo taggudalanu nivaarinchadaaniki oka AM prasaram oka jokyam chesukune sanketam kante 20 retlu balamgaa undaali, efm sankethaalaku viruddhamgaa, ikkada "capture effect" antey aadhipatya sanketam jokyam chesukune sanketam kante rendu retlu matrame balamgaa undaali.
united stateslo medium wave broadcast bandlo marinni stationlaku avakaasam kalpinchadaaniki, juun 1989loe eff. sii. sii. jaateeya radeo systems kamitee (nrsc) pramaanaanni sweekarinchindi, idhi garishta prasaara audeo bandwidthnu 10.2 kilojku parimitam chesindi, aakramita bandwidthnu 20.4 kilojku parimitam chesindi. munupati audeo parimiti 15 kiloj, phalitamgaa bandwidth 30 kiloj. aam fidilitypy maroka saadhaarana parimiti receiver design phalitam, ayithe dheenini meruguparachadaaniki konni prayatnaalu jarigaayi, mukhyamgaa united stateslo sweekarinchina amax pramaanaala dwara.
byaand frequencilanu prasaram cheyandi.
aneka frequency bandlalo prasaralu upayoginchabadataayi. eee byaandla ketayimpu itoo yokka radeo nibandhanala dwara mariyu jaateeya sthaayilo, prati desham yokka telecommunications paripalana (yuu loe eff sisi) dwara nirvahinchabadutundi.ess.udaaharanaku) antarjaateeya oppandaalaku lobadi untundi.
ikkada ivvabadina pounahpunya shrenulu stationlaku ketayinchabadinavi. side byaandlu teesukunna bandwidth kaaranamgaa, mottam byaandku ketaayinchina paridhi saadhaaranamgaa iruvaipula 5 kilojula vedalpugaa untundi.
long wave prasaram.
"eee bandloni "long wave" (takkuva frequency (lf) anie kooda pilustaaru) (148.5 khz-283.5 khz) prasaara stationlaku 153 khz-279 khz paridhiloo prasaara frequencylu ketaayinchabadataayi mariyu saadhaaranamgaa 9 khz antaraanni nirvahistaayi. 
prasaram kosam long wave assainments itoo praantam 1 (eurup, africa, mariyu uttara mariyu madhya asea) loe matrame unnaayi mariyu vaerae chota ketayinchabadaledu. vyaktigata stationlu vandala kilometres paridhiloo kavarejeeni kaligi unnaayi; ayithe, andubaatulo unna prasaara slaatla sankhya chaalaa parimitamgaa undhi.
prarambha prasaara prayogaalu chaalaavaraku long wave frequencilapy jarigaayi; ayithe, ippatike unna sevala nundi, mukhyamgaa sainyam nundi jokyam gurinchi firyadulu, chaalaa prasaralu adhika frequencielaku maaradaaniki daariteesaayi.
medium-wave prasaram.
"medium wave" (medium frequency (mf) anie kooda pilustaaru), idhi ippativaraku atyanta saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche am broadcasting byaand. itoo praantaalu 1 mariyu 3loe, 531 khz-1602 khz nundi, 9 khz antharamtho (526.5 khz-1606.5 khz), mariyu itoo praantam 2 (americas) loe, prasaram chese pounahpunyaalu 530 khz-1700 khz, 10 khz antaraanni (525 khz-1705 khz) upayoginchi, itoo vistarinchina aam prasaara bandto sahaa, region 2loe adhikaram pondina, 1605 khz mariyu 1705 khz madhya, gatamlo pooliisu radeo kosam upayoginchevi.
short wave prasaram.
"short wave" (adhika pounahpunyam (hcf) anie kooda pilustaaru) prasaralu sumaru 2.3 nundi 26.1 emhechz varaku untaayi, ivi 14 prasaara byandluga vibhajinchabaddaayi. short wave prasaralu saadhaaranamgaa 5 kiloj chaanal antaraanni upayogistaayi. prasaara kendram nundi chaalaa dhooramlo vinadaniki uddesinchina audeo sevala dwara short wave upayoginchabadutundi. short wave prasaaraala yokka sudeergha shreni takkuva audeo viswasaneeyata kharchutho vastundi.
chaalaa prasaara sevalu am prasaralanu upayogistaayi, ayithe kondaru am yokka savarinchina version ayina single-side byaand modulation (ssb) ledhaa ssb yokka am-anukuula version ayina "ssb vith carrier reinstert" nuu upayogistaaru.
vhcf prasaram.
1930la madhyakaalamlo praarambhinchi, united states chaalaa ekkuva prasaara pounahpunyaalanu upayoginchi prasaara kendraala sthaapana kosam empikalanu anchanaa vesindi. 1937 octoberulo, eff. sii. sii. rendava byaand am stationlanu prakatinchindi, indulo <ii. dii. 1> nundi <ii. dii. 2> emhech. jedd varaku vistarinchi unna 75 chaanallu unnaayi, veetini anadhikarikamga "apex" anie pilicheevaaru.
prakkane unna pounahpunyaala madhya 40 kilojula antaram praamaanika am prasaara bandlo upayoginchina 10 kilojula antaram kante naalugu retlu ekkuva, idhi prakkane unna pounahpunya jokyanni tagginchindi mariyu adhika-viswasaneeyata prograaming kosam marinta bandwidthnu andinchindi. ayithe, eff. sii. sii eff. emm. stationla byaandnu erpaatu cheyadam uttamamani nirnayinchina taruvaata, eee byaand 1941 janavari 1 nundi tolaginchabadindi.
itara pampinhee paddhatulu.
1930la madhyalo praarambhinchi, road dveepamlooni providensloni braun vishwavidhyaalayamlo "braun network" thoo praarambhinchi, carrier current anie piluvabade chaalaa takkuva shakti prasaara paddhatini abhivruddhi chesaaru, mariyu ekkuvagaa yuu.ess. kalaasaala praamganaalu. eee vidhaanamlo prasaara sankethaalu vidyut vidyut linela meeda pampinhee cheyabadataayi, ivi linela nundi takkuva dhooramlo sweekarinchadagina signalnu prasarimpajaestaayi. switzerlandlo "wire broadcasting" (german bhaashalo "telephonrondspruch") anie piluvabade oka vyavastha 1998loe moosiveyabade varaku long wave bandloni telephone linela dwara AM sankethaalanu prasaram chesindi. UKloe, radeo cable pampinheeki rediffusion prarambha maargadarsakudu.
digital side byaandlatoe (mono analog) aam transmissionnu kalipe hybrid digital prasaara vyavasthalu prapanchavyaaptamgaa upayoginchadam praarambhinchaayi. united stateslo, ibqvt yajamanya hechdi radeo medium wave transmissionla kosam effsisiche sweekarinchabadindi mariyu aamodinchabadindi, ayithe digital radeo mondial anedi short wave bandlalo tarachugaa upayoginche marinta bahiranga prayatnam, mariyu aneka AM prasaaraalatoo paatu upayoginchavacchu. eee rendu pramaanaalu prastuta bandwidth parimitulatoe praamaanikamaina vaati kante gananeeyamgaa ekkuva viswasaneeyata kaligina audeoni prasaram cheyagalavu, mariyu stereo sound mariyu text detatho paatu 0-16 kz yokka saiddhaantika frequency pratispandananu kaligi untaayi.
micro prasaram.
kontamandi micro broadcasterlu, mukhyamgaa united stateslo eff. sii. sii yokka paart 15 nibandhanala prakaram panichese vaaru, mariyu medium wave mariyu short vevlo pirate radeo operatorlu, eff. emm. bandlo saadhyamainanta ekkuva paridhini saadhistaaru. medium vevlo eee stationlu tarachugaa 1610 kiloj nundi 1710 kiloj varaku prasaram chestaayi. abhiruchi galavaaru takkuva-shakti gala AM (LPAM) transmitterlanu kooda upayogistaaru, idhi AM prograaming vistrutamgaa andubaatulo laeni ledhaa vinevaari korikalanu prograaming cheyani praantaalalo paatakaalapu radeo parikaraala kosam prograamingnu andistundi; atuvanti sandarbhaallo transmitter, idhi takshana aastini mariyu bahusha sameepamloni praantaalanu matrame cover cheyadaaniki roopondinchabadindi, idhi computer, FM radeo ledhaa MP3 playerku anusandhaaninchabadi untundi. microbroadcasting mariyu pirate radeo saadhaaranamgaa internetlo audeo prasaram cheyadam dwara bharti cheyabaddaayi, conny konni paatasaalalu mariyu abhiruchi galavaaru ippatikee lpam prasaralanu upayogistaaru.

