
sthalam yokka klishtamaina bodhana

klishtamaina bodhana shaastram anedi klishtamaina bodhana shaastram mariyu sthala-aadhaarita vidyanu militam chese vidyaku oka paatyapranaalika vidhanam. idhi sthala-aadhaarita mariyu bhuu-aadhaarita vidya (rendoo ekkuvagaa paryaavarana vidya godugu kinda pariganinchabadataayi) patla vaikhari mariyu vidhanamgaa praarambhamaindi, idhi valasarajyala kathanaalu mariyu bhoomitho aadhipatya sambandhaalapai sthala-aadhaarita vidya yokka adrushya aamodaanni vimarsinchindi. sthala aadhaarita vidyanu vimarsinchina panditulu pradhanamgaa paatyapranaalikalo swadeshi (mariyu itara attadugu) swaraalanu tirigi kendrikarinchadampai drushti pettaru. 1990la praarambhamlo, sii.eah. saamskrutika mariyu paryaavarana vyavasthalalo mana anubandhaanni mariyu dheeni phalitamgaa paatasaala paatyaamsaallo idhi gurtinchaalsina avasaranni gurtinche klishtamaina bodhanaa shaastram kosam bowrlu vaadinchaaru. 2003loe, david eah. greenwood (gatamlo grunawald) "klishtamaina bodhana shaastram" anae padaanni pravesapetti nirvachinchaaru."appati nundi samvatsaraalalo, sthalam yokka klishtamaina bodhana yokka saadhaarana aalochanalu sthalam aadhaarita, bhoomi aadhaarita mariyu paryaavarana vidyapai aneka mandhi panditula vimarsalalo cherchabaddaayi.
puurvagaamulu.
swadeshi mariyu bhuu-aadhaarita vidhanalu.
bhoomi aadhaarita vidya, sthala aadhaarita vidya sthaanika prajala kathanaalanu ekkuvagaa vismarinchaayani, maanavulanu pradhanamgaa prakruti nundi vaerugaa bhaavinchaayani vimarsinchadam sthalam yokka klishtamaina bodhana saastraaniki kendramgaa undhi. udaaharanaku, grizzley myaan mariyu "intu dhi wild" pradhana paatra, criss vanti paryaavarana-nayakula kathalu, prakrutini adhigaminchadaaniki ledhaa jayinchadaaniki prayatnistunna maanavulapai kendrikrutamai unnaayi. mukhyamgaa swadeshi drukpathaalapai drushti saarinchina panditulu bhuu-aadhaarita vidya mariyu sthala-aadhaarita vidya badulugaa maanavulanu prakrutilo bhaagamgaa cherche swadeshi siddhaantaalanu marinta puurtigaa pariganinchaalani vaadinchaaru. deenni cheyadaaniki, sthala mariyu bhuu-aadhaarita vidyalo antarleenamgaa unna valasa nirmaanaalanu naasanam cheyali. mukhyamgaa, swadesheeyetara prajalu sthirapadina praantaalapai drushti saarinchina bhoomi mariyu sthala-vidya bhoomini decolonisation baga vileenam chesi, merugaina kendra swadeshi kathanaalaku krushi cheyali. aadhunika sandarbhaallo sthirapadina valasavaada kathanaaniki antaraayam kaliginchadam, paatyapranaalikalo bhoomi mariyu swadeshi vishwodbhava saastraalanu parigananaloki teesukovadam mariyu pradaesaalaku paeru pettadam yokka praamukhyatanu mariyu sthaanika prajala bhuu hakkulanu gurtinchadam dwara eee prakriyanu uttamamgaa sulabhataram cheyavachu.
sthaanika kathanaalu teliyajese sthala bhavanni cherchadam valla sthiranivaasa valasavaadam spashtamgaa kanipistundani calderon vaadinchaaru. phalitamgaa vacchina vidya parisoedhana eee saiddhaantika aadhaaraalanu vividha margallo vivarinchindi. modata, charitralo valasavaadam yokka marganni mariyu attadugu vargaalapai daani phalitamgaa kalige prabhavalanu mapp cheyadaaniki panditulu krushi chesaaru, tadwara adhi kanipistundi. mccoy virginialo manifest vidhi bhaavajaalam yokka perugudala yokka pataanni roopondinchadaaniki krushi chesaaru. paperson mariyu saato iddaroo attadugu vargaala kathalanu mapp cheyadam dwara sthiranivaasa valasavaadaanni vislaeshimchaaru, tadwara kathana charitranu tirigi kendrikarincharu.
rendavadi, bhoomi mariyu sthala aadhaarita vidyalo antarleenamgaa unna valasavaadaanni nirmoolinchadam valla paryaavarana vidya yokka prabhavanni elaa meruguparustundo vivarinchadaaniki panditulu krushi chesaaru. 2014loe, whitehouse mariyu itarulu. australian paryaavarana vidyanu pariseelinchi, eee karyakramam valasavaada aadarsaalanu elaa kaligi undho mariyu aadima ghnaana sthaavaraalanu elaa kaligi undho pradarsinchindi. mayer, 2014loe kooda, sthaanika swadeshi drukpathaalanu kaligi unna hawai paryaavarana vidya kaaryakramamtho idhe vidhamaina adhyayanam chesaaru. byaang mariyu itarulu., yuu. ess looni sthaanika americanlatho vaari paniloo.ess., oka klishtamaina bhuu-aadhaarita drukpatham anagaarina prajalaku paryaavarana vidyanu elaa kendrikarinchagalado vivarinchindi. african communityla konam nundi pani cheyadam, mouro mariyu itarulu. sthaanika-kendrikruta vidhanam marinta prabhaavavantamaina vidya anubhavanni elaa srushtinchagalado vivaristundi.
sii.eah. boars.
vimarsala yokka adhe sampradaayamlo panicheyadam, sii.eah. paryaavarana vyavasthalo maanavulanu cherchadampai sthalam yokka praadhaanyata yokka klishtamaina bodhanapai bowers drushti pedutundi. paryaavarana vidya prayatnaalanu manam oka vyakti meeda aadhaarapadalamani bowers vaadinchaaru, endukante manam samskrutilo goodu kattamu, idhi paryaavarana vyavasthalalo goodu kattutundi. anduvalla, manam prapanchaanni chuse samskruti dwara anivaryamgaa prabhaavitamavutaamu-mana upachetana saamskrutika alavaatla dwara prapanchaanni chustamu. bhoomi mariyu sthala aadhaarita vidyaku sambandhinchi, vaaru aneka sthaanika, swadeshi samskrutulaku viruddhamgaa aadarsaalanu kaligi unna paaschaatya sampradaayam nundi janminchaarani dheeni ardham. idhi prakrutiki vyatiraekamgaa unde vidya vidhananni erpaatu chestundi, badulugaa samajampai aardhika labhalapai drushti pedutundi. dheeni phalitamgaa paryaavarana sankshobham mariyu daanini parishkarinchadamlo manaku sahayapade tarataraala sthaanika ghnaanam rendintinee manam vismaristaamu.
athanu taruvaata david aaa kii samadhanam ivvalsi undhi. sthalam yokka klishtamaina bodhana shaastram gurinchi greenwood yokka siddhaantam (krinda chudandi), sthalam yokka klishtamaina bodhana shaastram, pradaesaalanu valasarajyaluga marche prayatnamlo, vaastavaaniki mana viniyogadaarulapai aadhaarapadina prapanchaanni kooda balaheenapariche aneka (saarvatrika) oohalanu encode chestundi. idhi saamskrutikamgaa nirdishta nivaasaala sudeergha charitranu vismaristundi. valasarajyala nirmuulana aalochana anedi sthaanika mariyu sthala-nirdishta ghnaanam yokka siddhaantaalaku pratyaksha vyatiraekamaina oka saarvatrika aalochana anie ayana chepparu punarudghaatinchadaaniki, sthalam yokka klishtamaina bodhana shaastram oka asambaddhamaina kaaranam emitante, nairoopya siddhaantaalatoe sahaa nairoopya siddhaantaalapai aadhaarapade bhasha sampradaayam, idhi saarvatrika valasarajyala nirmuulana aalochana mariyu paaschaatya viniyogadaarula aadhaarita jeevanasailini saarvatrikeekarana cheyadaaniki market udaaravaadulu chesina prayatnaalu rendintikee aadhaarapade aneka oke vidhamaina manjuru chesina oohalanu encode chestundi, idhi ippatikee samajalalo unikilo unna janasaandrata yokka taraala sampradaayaalanu parigananaloki teesukovadamlo viphalamaindi. eee pradaesaalaku sudeerghamaina mariyu saamskrutikamgaa vaividhyamaina charitra undhi, ayithe eee pradaesamlooni vimarsanaatmaka bodhana yokka bhashaku oka nirdishta charitra undhi, idhi paryaavarana kendrikruta samskrutulu mariyu saamaajika paddhatulu deerghakaalika nivaasaaniki dohadapadina vibhina maargaalanu vismarinche sampradaayaanni munduku teesukuvelutundi.
david eah. green wood.
david eah. greenwood sthalam yokka vimarsanaatmaka bodhananu pettubadi pettina modati panditudu. aadhipatya samskruti mariyu sampradaaya vidyalo teelikagaa teesukunna anchanaalu, paddhatulu mariyu phalitaalapai" klishtamaina bodhana shaastram yokka praadhaanyatanu, vidyaarthulu vaari charyalanu ardham chesukune pourulugaa maaradamlo sahaayapadatampai sthala-aadhaarita vidya drushti pettadamtho kalapadaniki sthalam yokka vimarsanaatmaka bodhana shaastram prayatnistundani ayana raasaaru "."
greenwood vaadistuu, vidyaarthula avagahana mariyu shakti nirmaanaala gurinchi spruhanu penche prakriyaloo, vimarsanaatmaka bodhana shaastram tarachugaa "maanava samskruti paryaavarana vyavasthalalo undindi, undhi mariyu ellappuduu untundi" anae aalochananu nirlakshyam chestundi. anachivetaku guraina samuuhaalapai drushti kendrikarinchinanduna, vimarsanaatmaka bodhana pradhanamgaa saamaajika mariyu pattana sandarbhaalapai drushti pedutundi. chaitanyaanni pempondinchadaaniki eee praadhaanyata maarpuku maargamgaa mukhyamainadi ayinappatikee, greenwood dheenini sthala-aadhaarita vidyatho samatulyam cheyalsina avasaram undani vaadinchaaru, idhi vidyaarthulu vaastavaaniki tama jeevitaalanu gadipe pratyaksha saamaajika mariyu paryaavarana pradaesaalanu nokki chebutundi. anduvalla, athanu pattanaanni oka pradaesamgaa nokki cheptaadu, idhi gatamlo vimarsanaatmaka bodhanalo laeni bhavana. vimarsanaatmaka bodhana saastraanni vaastavamgaa roopondinchadaaniki, pattana praantam kooda vimarsanaatmaka bodhana saastramlo keelakamaina bhaagam anie manam marchipolem anie ayana vaadinchaaru.
ayithe, sthala-aadhaarita vidyaku balamaina saiddhaantika aadharam lenanduku tarachugaa vimarsinchabadutondi. sthaanika pradaesaala gurinchi bodhinchadam yokka uddesaanni panditulu prasnistunnaaru-idhi vidyaarthulaku nijamgaa emi saadhistundi? anduvalla, vimarsanaatmaka bodhana shaastram, klishtamaina siddhaantamlo paatukupoyina daani mukhyamaina charithratho, sthala-aadhaarita vidyaku goppa saiddhaantika punaadini andistundi. saamaajika maarpu lakshyaalato kuudina paatyaamsaalugaa, eee naitika punaadi avasaramani greenwood suuchistunnaaru.
eee rendu bodhana vidhaanaalanu kalapadam phalitamgaa, greenwood oka klishtamaina bodhana kosam rendu lakshyalanu suchistundihi valasarajyala nirmuulana mariyu punaravasam. oka pradaesaanni valasarajyaluga maarchadaaniki, greenwood manam "itara vyaktulanu mariyu pradaesaalanu gayapariche mariyu dopidi chese aalochanaa vidhaanaalanu gurtinchi marchali" (6) anie suuchistumdi. vidyaavaettalu vidyaarthulaku aadhipatya kathanaalanu telusukovadamlo sahayapadatam dwara mariyu badulugaa prapanchamlo marinta samajikamga nyaayamaina mariyu sthiramaina jeevana vidhaanaala gurinchi telusukovadam dwara eee prakriyanu praarambhinchavacchu. dheeni ardham aadhipatyam laeni saamskrutika namuunaalu mariyu sampradaayaalanu punaruddharinchadam. punaruddharana dwara, greenwood antey samajikamga mariyu paryaavaranaparamgaa chaaritraka dopideeni bharinchina pradaesamloe elaa nivasinchaalo vidyaarthulaku neerpadaaniki oka klishtamaina bodhanaa vidhanam prayatninchaali. deenni cheyadaaniki, vidyaarthulu bhougolikamgaa mariyu saamskrutikamgaa "baga jeevinchadam" elaa bhinnamgaa untundo ardham chesukovadam praarambhinchaali, adhe samayamlo prapancha samaajamlo enni vibhina samskrutulu nivasistunnayo ardham chesukovadam praarambhinchaali. appudu, vidyaarthulu "marinta paryaavaranaparamgaa sthiramaina samajalanu prothsahinchadaaniki yea saamskrutika namuunaalanu parirakshinchaali ledhaa marchali" anae vishayanni ardham chesukovadam praarambhistaaru."
eee rendu lakshyalu sthala-aadhaarita mariyu vimarsanaatmaka bodhanaa vidyaavaettalanu "mana swantha mariyu itarula nivaasam yokka saamaajika mariyu paryaavarana sandarbhaalanu chaerchadaaniki vaari siddhaantam, vichaarana mariyu abhyasam yokka paridhini vistarinchadaaniki" savaalu chestaayi.eee nokkicheppadam paryaavarana mariyu saamaajika parivartana rendintikee aacharanaatmaka pradaesamaina bodhana saastraanni srushtistundi.
prastuta vidhanalu.
post-madern disalu.
eee rangamlo iteevali paandityamu oka klishtamaina bodhana saastrampai aadhunika anantara drukpathaanni teesukundi, manavulaku mariyu prakrutiki madhya sambandhaanni marinta klishtataram cheyadame kakunda, prapanchampai bahulatva drukpathampai kooda drushti saarinche saamaajika oohalanu maarchaalani pilupunicchindi. sthaanika samaajaalaku tirigi amarchadaaniki taginanta anuvainadi kaani saarvatrika bodhanaku badulugaa, reflexivega undi, sthaanikamgaa rakshanaatmaka bodhananu srushtinchaalsina avasaram indulo undhi. indriya ledhaa aalochanaa-aadhaarita anubhavaala maadirigaane vidya yokka antar-subjective ledhaa vyaktigata mariyu samaja-aadhaarita anubhavaalapai drushti pettadamtho idhi praarambhamavutundani mckenzie vaadinchaaru.
green wood yokka vileenam.
greenwood aalochanalu paryaavarana vidyapai parisoedhanaloo cherchabaddaayi, alaage itara klishtamaina vidya vidhaanaalaku vartimpajeyabaddaayi. kaira, 2015loe, greenwood yokka maargadarsaka prasnalanu "ikkada emi jarigindi?'ippudu ikkada emi jarugutondi, eee pradaesam yea disalo payanistondi?'mariyu' ikkada emi jaragaali?'paryaavarana vidyaku african-kendrikruta vidhananni pariseelinchadam. maden desheeya vidyaku bodhanaa maargaalanu suuchimchadaaniki paatyapranaalika vidhaanaalanu greenwood roopurekhalanu upayoginchaaru. barnhardt alaskaloni swadeshi ghnaanamtho idhe vidhamaina anveshana chestaadu. siddhaantaanni nirminchadaaniki pani cheyadam, ardoin mariyu itarulu. mariyu Mcinernye mariyu itarulu. sthalam yokka sthaayini mariyu sthalam yokka klishtamaina bodhanalo sthalam mariyu gurtimpu elaa sankarshana chendutayo pariseelinchaaru. abhyasakulaku vraastuu, marthusevicz "paryaavarana nyayam vidyah vaividhyamaina, prajaasvaamya mariyu sthiramaina samaajaala vaipu" anae pustakaanni raasaaru, idhi greenwood siddhaantaalanu aacharanalo elaa amalu cheyaalo aacharanaatmaka udaaharanalanu istundi. bodhana saastraanni valasarajyaluga maarchadaaniki uddesinchina upadhyaya sikshananu roopondinchadaaniki chinn greenwood aalochanalanu upayogistaadu.
greenwood siddhaantaalu itara vidya vidhaanaalaku (prarambha baalya paatyaamsaalaku, kalaa vidyaku, saamaajika adhyayanalaku, prapancheekaranaku) kooda vartimpajeyabaddaayi.
taragati gadhi vignaana vidya.
bhoomi mariyu sthala aadhaarita vidya yokka samasyaatmakata iteevala paatasaalallo vignaana vidya yokka klishtamaina pareekshaku maarindi. ghnaanasaastra dhoranulu ghnaapakasakti samstha, paryaavarana tarkam mariyu prakrutilo maanavula avagahananu prabhaavitam chestayane aavarana nundi praarambhinchi, byaang mariyu aame sahacharulu vidyaarthulu samaja aadhaarita vignaana vidyalo bahula nammakalanu elaa maarganirdesam chestaro pariseelinchaaru. modata, vaaru menomini sthaanika american pillalu mariyu european american pillala madhya thedaalanu pariseelinchaaru mariyu menomini pillalu paryaavarana sambandhaalanu mariyu prakrutitoe saannihityaanni prastaavinchae avakaasam ekkuvagaa undani mariyu jantuvulanu anukarinche avakaasam ekkuvagaa undani kanugonnaru. eee samacharanni upayoginchi, vaaru paatyaamsaalanu telusukovadaaniki bahula maargaalanu chaerchadaaniki mariyu samaajamlooni bahula indriyaalapai aadhaarapade vignaana paatyaamsaalanu roopondinchadaaniki, lotu aalochananu tiraskarinchaaru, vaividhyamaina indriya-nirmaanaanni mariyu prakruti yokka vistarinchina nirvachanaalanu jarupukunnaru. eee karyakramanni pariseelinchadam valla saastravettalalo vaividhyamaina drukpathaalu kaligi undatam valla marinta samarthavanthamaina vignaana vidyaku daariteestundani parisoedhakulu suuchimchaaru.