
dharala niyantrana

dharala niyantranalu anevi marketlo vastuvulu mariyu sevalaku vasoolu cheyagala dharalapai prabhutvaalu nirdesinchina mariyu amalu chese parimitulu. atuvanti niyantranalanu amalu cheyadam venuka unna uddesyam korata samayamlo kooda vastuvula sthomatanu konasaginchalane korika, dravyolbanaanni tagginchaalane korika ledhaa pratyamnaayamgaa, konni vastuvula providerlaku kaneesa aadaayaanni nirdhaarinchadam ledhaa jeevana vaetanaanni saadhinchadaaniki prayatninchadam. dharala niyantranalo rendu praathamika roopaalu unnaih dharala parimiti, vasoolu cheyagala garishta dhara; mariyu dharala sthaayi, vasoolu cheyagala kaneesa dhara. dharala parimiti yokka prasiddha udaaharana adde niyantrana, idhi adde kosam vasoolu cheyadaaniki bhuswamy prabhutvam anumatinchina perugudalanu parimitam chestundi. vistrutamgaa upayoginche dharala sthaayi kaneesa vetanam (vaetanaalu shrama dhara). chaaritraatmakamgaa, vaetana niyantranalu mariyu itara niyantrana amsaalanu kooda upayoginche pedda aadaaya vidhana packagelo bhaagamgaa dharala niyantranalu tarachugaa vidhinchabaddaayi.
dharala niyantranalanu prabhutvaalu mamuluga upayogistunnappatiki, viniyogadaarula dharala niyantranalu market aardhika vyavasthalalo vaaru uddesinchina vaatini saadhinchavani paaschaatya aardhikavettalu saadhaaranamgaa angeekaristaaru, mariyu chaalaa mandhi aardhikavettalu badulugaa ituvanti niyantranalanu nivaarinchaalani sifaarsu chestaaru. ayithe, 1990laloe viswasaneeyata viplavam praarambhamainappati nundi, kaneesa vaetanaalaku aardhikavettala madhya balamaina maddatu labhinchindi.
charitra.
roman chakravarthy diocletian cree. sha. 3va sataabdam chivaralo anni vastuvulaku garishta dharalanu nirnayinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu, conny peddagaa vijayam saadhinchaledu. 14va sataabdam praarambhamlo, dhhillee sultanet palakudu allavuddin khalji aneka market samskaranalanu erpaatu chesaadu, indulo dhanyalu, vastram, baanisalu mariyu jantuvulato sahaa vistruta shreni vastuvulaku dharala nirnayamtho sahaa aneka market samskaranalu unnaayi. ayithe, ayana maraninchina konni nelala taruvaata, eee charyalanu ayana kumarudu qutubuddin mubarak shaa upasamharinchukunnaadu. french viplavam samayamlo, aaharam mariyu itara pradhana vastuvula ammakaalapai garishta dhara parimitula chattam.
pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavasthalalo prabhutvaalu saadhaaranamgaa chaalaa ledhaa anni vastuvulapai dharalanu niyantristaayi, conny adhika aardhika paniteerunu konasaginchaledu mariyu daadaapu puurtigaa mishrama aardhika vyavasthalatho bharti cheyabaddaayi. aadhunika kaalamlo adde niyantrana vanti takkuva pranaalikaabaddhamaina aardhika vyavasthalalo kooda dharala niyantranalu upayoginchabadutunnaayi. modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo, united states phud administration aahaarampai dharala niyantranalanu amalu chesindi. rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo america mariyu naajii germanylo kooda dharala niyantranalu vidhinchabaddaayi.
yuddhaanantaram.
dravyolbanaanni tagginchadaaniki aneka deshaalalo vaetana niyantranalu prayatninchabaddaayi, arudugaa vijayavantamgaa. aadhunika neoclassical economic theory dabbu sarafaraanu tagginche pratyaamnaaya parishkaaraaniki maddatu istundi mariyu dravya dravyolbanam anedi central byaank dwara ekkuva dabbu srushtinchadam valla sambhavistundani pratipaadistundi.
united kingdom.
vaetanaalu mariyu dharalanu nirvahinchadam dwara british aardhika vyavasthalo dravyolbana samasyanu parishkarinche prayatnamlo 1965loe harrold willson prabhutvam dharalu mariyu aadaayaala jaateeya bordunu erpaatu chesindi. dharalu mariyu aadaayaala chattam 1966 sii. 33 vaetana sthaayilu mariyu dharala vidhaanaalaku sambandhinchi UK kaarmika chattanni prabhaavitam chesindi. nivedikalu mariyu vichaaranalanu praarambhinchadam dwara mariyu chivariki nilipiveyadaaniki aadesaalu ivvadam dwara perugutunna vaetana sthaayilanu (appudu samvatsaraaniki sumaru 8 saatam) pariseelinchae prakriyanu praarambhinchadaaniki idhi prabhutvaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. dravyolbanaanni niyantrinchadame dheeni lakshyam. idhi 1960la taruvaata janaadarana pondaledu.
united states.
samyukta rashtraalalo, dharala niyantranalu aneka saarlu amalu cheyabaddaayi. 1906loe hepburn chattamlo bhaagamgaa jaateeyamgaa modatisaari dharala niyantranalu amalu cheyabaddaayi. modati prapancha yuddhamlo united states yokka yuddha prayatnaalaku maddatugaa praadhaanyatalanu nirnayinchadaaniki, dharalanu nirnayinchadaaniki mariyu utpattulanu praamaaneekarinchadaaniki yuddha parisramala boardu sthaapinchabadindi. 1930laloe, jaateeya paarisraamika punaruddharana chattam (neeraa) jaateeya punaruddharana paripalananu srushtinchindi, idhi dharalanu nirnayinchi, "nyaayamaina paddhatula" sankethaalanu roopondinchindi. 1935 maeloe, "skector poultry corp" kortu kesulo neeraa yokka tappanisari code vibhagam rajyanga viruddhamani supreenkortu teerpu ichindi. vii. united states ".
1971loe, adhyakshudu richard nixon 11615 karyanirvahaka uttarvu jaarii chesaaru (1970 aardhika sthireekarana chattaniki anugunamgaa), vaetanaalu mariyu dharalapai 90 rojula freeze vidhinchaaru. eee charya yokka raajyaangabaddhatanu savaalu chesi, eee vishayamlo samarthinchaaru 
konnisaarlu vyaktigata rashtraalu tama sonta niyantrana vidhaanaalanu amalu cheyadaaniki enchukunnaayi. 1860laloe, united states looni aneka madhyapaschima rashtraalu, avi minnesota, ayova, wisconsin mariyu illinais, pradhanamgaa railroad mariyu dhanyam elevator companyla perugutunna chaarjeela dharalanu niyantrinchadaaniki granger chattalu anie piluvabade chattaala shrenini amalu chesaayi.
hawai rashtram 2005loe aaa raashtramlo "dharala perugudalanu" edurkone prayatnamlo gasoline toku dhara (gyaas cap chattam) paie kluptamgaa parimitini pravesapettindi. idhi chaalaa mruduvugaa mariyu asamarthamgaa vistrutamgaa pariganinchabadinanduna, aaa taruvaata koddikaalaanike daanini raddu chesaaru.
venezula.
guardian" nundi girish gupta prakaram, dharala niyantranalu praathamika vastuvula koratanu srushtinchaayi mariyu adhyakshudu maduro aadhvaryamlo nalla marketlu abhivruddhi chendaayi.
bharatadesam.
bhaaratadesamlo, prabhutvam modatisaarigaa 2013loe aushadha dharala niyantrana arder kosam dharala niyantrananu amalu chesindi. eee uttarvu sthaanika niyantrana samsthaku, aushadhaala dharala adhikaaraaniki avasaramaina aushadhaala jaateeya jaabitaalo garishta dharalanu nirnayinche adhikaranni ichindi.
srilanka.
srilankalo, viniyogadaarula vyavahaaraala adhikara yantraamgaaniki prabhutvam perkonna nityaavasara vastuvulaku garishta retail dhara (mrp) nuu nirnayinche adhikaram undhi. 2021loe srilanka prabhutvam aneka nityaavasara vastuvulapai dharala niyantranalanu amalu chesindi, dheeni phalitamgaa korata erpadindi.
dhara sthaayi.
dharala sthaayi anedi prabhutvam ledhaa samuuham vidhinchina dharala niyantrana ledhaa oka utpatti, vastuvu, vastuvu ledhaa seva kosam entha takkuva dharanu vasoolu cheyavachane daanipai parimiti. samarthavantamgaa undalante dhara sthaayi samathoulya dhara kante ekkuvagaa undaali. saadhaaranamgaa "market dhara" anie piluvabade samathoulya dhara, sarafara mariyu demand vanti aardhika saktulu samatulyamgaa unde dhara mariyu bahya prabhavalu lenappudu aardhika chararaasula (samathoulyam) viluvalu maaravu, tarachugaa demand chesina parimaanam mariyu sarafara chesina parimaanam samanamga unde binduvugaa varnistaaru (sampoorna pootii marketlo). konni dharalu chaalaa takkuvagaa undakunda undataaniki prabhutvaalu dharala sthaayilanu upayogistaayi.
kenadian vyavasaayamlo kaneesa vaetana chattalu mariyu sarafara nirvahana rendu saadhaarana dharala antastulu. itara dharala antastulalo 1978 kii mundu yuu. ess. loe niyantrita vimaana chaarjeelu mariyu madyaaniki prati paaneeyaaniki kaneesa dhara chattalu unnaayi.1990laloe viswasaneeyata viplavam praarambhamainappati nundi, kaneesa vaetanaalaku aardhikavettala madhya balamaina maddatu labhinchindi.
dharala sthaayi yokka prayojanaaluh
dharala sthaayi yokka pratikuulataluh
dharala parimiti.
dharala sthaayiki sambandhinchina prabhutva jokyam, idhi dharala niyantrana kooda, dharala parimiti; idhi oka vastuvu ledhaa seva kosam chattabaddhamgaa vasoolu cheyagala garishta dharanu nirnayistundi, dheeniki saadhaarana udaaharana adde niyantrana.
dharala parimiti anedi oka utpatti, vastuvu ledhaa seva kosam entha ekkuva dhara vasoolu cheyabadutundane daanipai dharala niyantrana ledhaa parimiti. vastuvulanu nishedhinchadagina khareedainavigaa chese paristhitula nundi viniyogadaarulanu rakshinchadaaniki prabhutvaalu dharala parimitini upayogistaayi. adhika dravyolbana kaalamlo, pettubadi budaga vishayamlo ledhaa oka utpatti yokka guttadhipatya yajamanyam vishayamlo ituvanti paristhitulu sambhavinchavachhu, ivanni niyantrita rationing lekunda ekkuva kaalam vidhinchinatlayithe samasyalanu kaligistaayi, idhi korataku daariteestundi. prabhutvam avaastavika dharala parimitini nirnayiste, vyapara vaiphalyaalu, stock kraashlu ledhaa aardhika sankshobhaalaku kooda kaaranamaite marinni samasyalu talettavachhu. puurtigaa aniyantrita market aardhika vyavasthalalo, dharala parimiti ledhu.
dharala parimitini tarachugaa prabhutvaalu vidhinchinappatikii, punahvikraya dharala nirvahana paddhati vanti companylu vanti prabhutvetara samsthalu kooda dharala parimitini amalu chestaayi. punahvikraya dhara nirvahanato, pampineedaarulu tayaareedaaru yokka utpattini nirdishta dharalaku (punahvikraya dhara nirvahana), dhara parimiti vadda ledhaa anthakante takkuvaku (garishta punahvikraya dhara nirvahana) ledhaa dhara antastu vadda ledhaa antaku minchi vikrayistaarani tayaareedaaru mariyu daani pampineedaarulu angeekaristaaru.
vimarsha.
dharala parimiti rakam dharala niyantranalapai praathamika vimarsha emitante, dharalanu krutrimamgaa takkuvagaa unchadam dwara, sarafara konasaginchaleni sthaayiki demand perugutundi, idhi dhara-niyantrita utpattilo korataku daariteestundi. udaaharanaku, diocletian "vividha pannula dwara, athanu anni vastuvulanu chaalaa khareedainavigaa chesadani, vaati dharalanu parimitam cheyadaaniki chattam dwara prayatninchaadani lactantius raasaadu. appudu [vyaapaarula] raktam chinna chinna vishayaala kosam chindinchabadindi, purushulu ammakaniki edainaa ivvadaaniki bhayapaddaru, mariyu korata gatamlo kante marinta ekkuvagaa mariyu teevramgaa maarindi. chivariki, chaalaa mandiki vidhvamsakamgaa niroopinchabadina taruvaata, [dhara parimiti] chattam kevalam avasaram nundi raddu cheyabadindi."
garishta dharalapai diocletian saasanam maadirigaane, koratalu block marketlaku daariteestaayi, ikkada adhe vastuvula dharalu aniyantrita market dharalanu minchipothayi. antekakunda, niyantranalu tolaginchabadina tarvaata, dharalu ventane perugutaayi, idhi aardhika vyavasthanu tatkalikamga digbhraantiki guri chestundi. yuddha samayamlo chaalaa deshaalalo nalla marketlu abhivruddhi chendutaayi. mottam yuddham ledhaa itara pedda ettuna, podiginchina yuddhaalalo nimagnamaina rashtraalu tarachugaa aaharam, gasoline, rabbaru, loham modalaina yuddha prayatnaalaku avasaramaina klishtamaina vanarulanu intlo upayoginchadampai aankshalu vidhistaayi., saadhaaranamgaa rationing dwara. chaalaa sandarbhaallo, ration vastuvulanu adhika dharalaku sarafara cheyadaaniki nalla market abhivruddhi chendutundi. rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo aneka deshaalalo amalu cheyabadina rationing mariyu dharala niyantranalu vistrutamaina nalla market karyakalapalanu prothsahinchaayi. yuddhakaala rationing kinda nalla-market maamsaaniki oka muulam emitante, raitulu aahara mantritva saakhaku vaastavaaniki jarigina daanikante takkuva pempudu jantuvula jananaalanu prakatinchaaru. britainlo marokati america nundi sarafara cheyabadindi, idhi british bhuubhaagamlooni america sainika sthaavaraalalo matrame upayoginchadaaniki uddesinchabadindi, conny sthaanika sthaanika british block marketloki leak ayyindi.
1973 aktobaru 19 mariyu 1974 marchi 17 madhya arab chamuru aankshala samayamlo dharala niyantranalu koratanu elaa kaligistaayanedaaniki oka uttama udaaharana. americaloni retail gyaas stationlalo kaarlu mariyu truckula podavaina varusalu twaragaa kanipinchaayi.ess. mariyu yuu. ess. nirdesinchina takkuva dharaku indhana korata kaaranamgaa konni stationlu moosiveyabaddaayi.ess. jeevana vyaya mandali. sthira dhara market bharinche daanikante takkuvagaa undedi, phalitamgaa, jabita adrusyamaindi. dharalanu swachchandamgaa ledhaa asankalpitamgaa market clearing dhara kante takkuvagaa post chesara anedi pattimpu ledhu. korata anedi yea sandarbhamloonainaa phalitamgaa vachindi. dharala niyantranalu tama sameepa lakshyanni saadhinchadamlo viphalamavutaayi, idhi retail viniyogadaarulu chellinche dharalanu tagginchadam, conny atuvanti niyantranalu sarafaraanu tagginchagalavu.
nobel smaaraka bahumati graheeta milton friedman matladutu, "aardhikavettalamaina maaku peddagaa teliyadu, conny koratanu elaa srushtinchaalo maaku telusu. udaaharanaku, meeru tamotala koratanu srushtinchaalanukunte, chillara vyaapaarulu oka poundku rendu sentla kante ekkuvaku tamotalanu vikrayinchalerani oka chattanni aamodinchandi. ventane meeku tamotala korata erpadutundi. chamuru ledhaa vayuvu vishayamlo kooda idhe jarugutundi."
yuu.ess. adhyakshudu richard nixon treasury karyadarshi georg shultz, nixon yokka "kotta aardhika vidhanam" nuu amalu chesi, 1971loe praarambhamaina dharala niyantranalanu ettivesadu (nixon shacklo bhaagam). dharala niyantranala eee ettiveta phalitamgaa dharalu vaegamgaa perigayi. aidu nelala taruvaata dharala stambhimpajeyadam tirigi sthaapinchabadindi. adhyakshulu paal volkar aadhvaryamlo federal reserve vaddii retlanu asadhaaranamgaa adhika sthaayiki penchinappudu united stateslo dravyolbanam mugisindi. idhi adhika dravyolbanaanni vijayavantamgaa antam chesindi, conny 1980la praarambhamlo mugisina maandyaaniki kaaranamaindi.

