
amatoxin

amatoxin anedi vishapuurita puttagodugulu ("amanita", "gallerina" mariyu "lepiota") mariyu oka jaathi ("canosibe filaris") anae moodu jaatulalo kanipinche kaneesam tommidi sambandhita vishapuurita sammelanaala upa samuuham yokka saamuuhika paeru. puurtigaa perigina puttagodugulaku chaalaa bhinnamgaa kanipinche aparipakva "guddu" roopamtho sahaa, chinna motaadulo kooda amatoxinlu praanaantakam, sagam puttagodugu varaku.
prayogasaala vislaeshanhaloo bijaamsaalu pradhana puttagodugula sariiramlooni visha saandrata 3 saatam kante takkuvagaa undani kanugonnappatiki, kshetra maargadarsakaalalo kathalu punaraavrutamayyaayi, ivi sekarinchina tarvaata matrame beejaamsaala nundi jantuvulu anaaroogyaaniki gurayyayani, conny vishapuurita amanitaalanu paravesi, teliyakundaane migilina pantapai vaati beejaamsa dhoolini vadilivestaayani perkonnaayi. teesukunna aneka vishaala maadirigaa kakunda, modata tinadaginantagaa puttagodugulanu naasanam cheyakunda vaatini vaedi dwara naasanam cheyalemu, kabatti vishapuurita puttagodugulanu vandadam valla vaati praanaantakatvam taggadu.
nirmaanam.
eee sammelanaalu oke vidhamaina nirmaanaanni kaligi untaayi, enimidi amaino-assid avasheshaalu samrakshinchabadina macrobycyclic muulaamsamloo amarchabadi untaayi (prolin mariyu tryptophan-utpanna avasheshaalalo antarleenamgaa unna valayalanu lekkinchetappudu mottam pentacyclic nirmaanam); vaatini 1941loe heinrich oo vaeru chesaaru. weeland mariyu rudolph hallermayer. anni amatoxinlu oligopeptides, ivi 35-amaino-assid proproteinluga samslaeshanha cheyabadataayi, dheeni nundi chivari enimidi amaino aamlalu prolyl oligopeptidase dwara cheelipothaayi. amatoxins yokka kramabaddhamaina amaino aamlam kramam anedi sulfoxide (s = o) bhaagam dwara trp mariyu cys madhya cross-linking thoo ile-trp-gly-ile-gly-cys-asn-proo mariyu anuvu yokka vaividhyaalalo hydroxylation; eee prosessing dasala kosam enjaimlu teliyavu.
prastutam amatoxinlu anae padhi unnaih
δ-aminitine nivedinchabadindi, conny daani rasayana nirmaanam nirnayinchabadaledu.
kutumba sambandhaalu.
amanitine anedi cyclic 7-avashesha vishapadaardhaalu ayina phalloidinlatho chaalaa daggari sambandham kaligi untundi. eee rendoo "masdin" kutumbaaniki chendinavi, eee oohinchina preproteinlalo atyanta samrakshinchabadina 5-amaino-assid shreni paeru pettabadindi. 2014 parisoedhana adhyayanam "amanita" loe matrame yea taragatiki chendinavi kaani gananeeyamaina sankhyalo lakshanarahita msdn shrenulu unnayani nirdhaarinchindi.
yantraangam.
amatoxinlu messenger rna (mrna), microrna mariyu small nuclear rna (snrna) samshlaeshanhaloo mukhyamaina enjaim ayina rna polymerase II yokka saktivantamaina mariyu empika chesina nirodhakaalu. protein samshlaeshanhaku namuunaa ayina mrna lekunda, kana jeevakriya aagipotundi mariyu lysis jarugutundi. amaneeta falloids" yokka rna polymerase amatoxinla prabhaavaalaku sunnitamgaa undadu; anduvalla, puttagodugu swayamgaa vishapuuritam kaadu.
amatoxinlu sariiramlooni avayavalaku cherukovadaniki raktapravaaham gundaa prayaaninchagalavu. eee sammelanaalu aneka avayavalanu debbateestundagaa, kaaleyam mariyu gunde debbatinadam valla maranaalu sambhavistaayi. paramaanu sthaayilo, amatoxinlu plasma porallo randhraalanu kaliginchadam dwara eee avayavaala kanaalaku nashtam kaligistaayi, phalitamgaa saadhaaranamgaa bahya kana maatrukalo kanipinche cytoplasmlo unna tappipoyina kanajaalaalu erpadataayi. beata-aminitine anedi eucariotic rna polymerase II mariyu rna polymerase III yokka nirodhakam, phalitamgaa, ksheerada protein samslaeshanha. idhi rna polymerase ii ledhaa bacteria rna polymerasenu nirodhistundani kanugonabadaledu. idhi rna paalimareslanu nishkriyam chestundi kabatti, beata-aminitine kaliginche nashtanni kaaleyam saricheyalekapoyindi mariyu kaaleya kanaalu vichchinnamai kaaleyam karigipotundi.
alfa-aminitine (α-aminitine) pradhanamgaa rna pole II complexes yokka bridge helixnu prabhaavitam chestundi, idhi 35 amaino aamlaala podavaina atyanta samrakshinchabadina domine. eee praantam yokka enn-terminus mariyu sii-terminus vadda nucleotide jodimpu chakram antataa gananeeyamaina nirmaanaatmaka maarpulaku lonayye keelu nirmaanaalu unnaayi mariyu daani purogatiki avasaramainavi. vantena helix yokka aneka paatralalo okati dna yokka sthaanaantaraanni sulabhataram cheyadam. alfa-aminitine rna pole II complexes yokka vantena helix thoo bandhistundi mariyu idhi vantena helix prakkane unna complexes yokka kontha bhaagamtho kooda bandhistundi, ayithe idhi oka nirdishta aakrutilo untundi. eee bandham vantena helixnu sthaanaaniki lock chestundi, DNA nii maarchadamlo daani kadalikanu natakeeyamgaa mandagistundi. dna yokka pole II sthaanaantaram raetu nimishaaniki aneka vaela nundi konni nucleotidelaku tagginchabadutundi.
bahirgatam yokka lakshanaalu.
amatoxinlaku gurainappudu, kaaleyam prabhaavitamayye pradhana avayavam, endukante idhi jeernasayaantara pregulalo shoshana tarvaata modata edurkone avayavam. amatoxinlu charmam dwara grahinchabadataayani etuvanti aadharalu laevu. elukalapai chesina oka adhyayanam prakaram alfa-aminitine charmam dwara grahinchabadadu, anduvalla etuvanti vishapuurita prabhavalanu kaligi undadani choopistundi. marinta pratyaekamgaa, amatoxinlaku gurikavadam valla swaasakosamlo chikaku, talanoppi, maikamu, vikaram, swaasa aadakapovadam, daggu, nidralemi, atisaaram, jeernasayaantara aatamkaalu, vennunoppi, moothram yokka frequency, kaaleyam mariyu moothrapindaalu debbatinadam ledhaa teesukunnatlayite ledhaa peelchukunte maranam sambhavinchavachhu. β-aminitine kosam, puurti vishasambandha adhyayanam jaragaledu. ayithe, idhi charmamtho sambandham kaligi unte, idhi chikaku, kaalina gayalu, erupu, teevramaina noppiki kaaranamavutundani, charmam dwara grahinchabadutundani, peelchadam mariyu teesukovadam dwara bahirgatam kaavadaaniki idhe vidhamaina prabhavalanu kaligistundani bhadrata dayta sheetlu suuchistunnaayi. kallatho parichayam chikaku, corneal kaalina gayalu mariyu kanti debbatinadaaniki daariteeyavachchu. mundugaa unna charmam, kannu ledhaa kendra naadii vyavasthala rugmatalu, balaheenamaina kaaleyam, moothrapindaalu ledhaa pulmonary function unna vyaktulu eee padaardham yokka prabhaavaalaku ekkuvagaa gurayye avakaasam undhi.
amatoxin vishaprayogam biphasic clinical namuunaanu chooputundi. teevramaina lakshanaala yokka prarambha (12-24 gantalu) vyavadhi taruvaata 12-24 gantala paatu konasage saapeksha aarogyam yokka vyavadhi untundi. eee kaalam taruvaata, kaaleyam mariyu moothrapindaala vaiphalyam saadhaaranamgaa 2va roeju nundi maranamtho sambhavistundi.
anchanaa vesina kaneesa praanaantaka motaadu 0.1 mg/kiloga ledhaa peddalalo 7 mg taxin. vaati vegavantamaina pregu shoshana mariyu vaati ushnasthireekarana saapekshamgaa takkuva vyavadhilo vishapuurita prabhaavaala vegavantamaina abhivruddhiki daariteestundi. atyanta teevramaina prabhavalu centrolobular necrosis mariyu hepatic steatosistho vishapuurita hepatitis, alaage teevramaina tubulointerstile nephropathy, ivi puurtigaa teevramaina kaaleya vaiphalyam mariyu moothrapindaala vaiphalyaanni prerepistaayi.
chikitsa.
prapanchavyaaptamgaa aneka vruttaanta mariyu paakshikamgaa adhyayanam cheyabadina chikitsalu upayogamlo unnaayi. elukalapai chesina oka adhyayanam adhyayanam chesina anni chikitsalaku shoonya phalitaalanu choopinchindi. gurtinchadagina viluva laeni chikitsalalo enn-acetylcystein, benzylpenesiline, cemetidine, theotic aamlam mariyu silibin unnaayi.
chikitsalo adhika motaadu pencillin thoo paatu hepatic mariyu moothrapindaala gaayam sandarbhaalalo sahayaka samrakshana untundi. paala tistillo kanipinche silibinin anae utpatti, amatoxin vishaniki sambhaavya virugudu, ayithe marinta daetaanu sekarinchaalsina avasaram undhi. hepatoranial syndrome abhivruddhi chendinatlayithe rooga niruupana uttamamgaa rakshinchabadutunnappatiki, hemodynamic sthirathvaanni nirvahinchadaaniki jagrattagaa shraddha ivvabadutundi.
gurtinchadam.
puttagodugula namoonaalalo amatoxinla unikini meaksner pareeksha dwara gurtinchavacchu (dheenini weeland pareeksha anie kooda pilustaaru). aasupatrilo cherina rogulalo vishapuurita rooga nirdhaarananu nirdhaarinchadaaniki chromatographic paddhatulanu upayoginchi plasma ledhaa moothramlo amatoxinlanu lekkinchavacchu mariyu postmortem kanajaalaalo anumaanaaspada praanaantaka adhika motaadu yokka vaidyaparamaina daryaptulo sahaayapadavachhu.
2020loe, amatoxinsnu twaragaa mariyu empikagaa gurtinchagala monoclonal antibody aadhaarita parshwa pravaaha immunoasse abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. eee pareeksha alfa-aminitine mariyu gaama-aminitinlanu sunnitamgaa gurtistundi (10 ng/ml nuu spashtamgaa gurtistundi), mariyu beata-aminitine (0.5% cross-reactivity; 2000 ng/ml) kosam konchem takkuva gurtimpunu pradarsistundi. eee pareeksha fallotoxinlatho 0.005% (200,000 ng/ml) vadda cross-react ayinappatikee, fallotoxinlu moothra namoonaalo jokyam chesukovu mariyu oka puttagodugu amatoxinlanu utpatti cheyakunda fallotoxinlanu utpatti chese chaalaa arudaina sandarbhaalu unnaayi.
puttagodugula jaatulu.
amanita", "gallerina" mariyu "lepiota" jaatula nundi amatoxin kaligina puttagodugula jaatulu.

