
vidya paridhi

ganankalalo, "q" anie suchinchabade vidyaarthi paridhi, namuunaa praamaanika vichalanam dwara saadhaaraneekarinchabadina namuunaalooni atipedda mariyu atichinna dayta madhya vyatyaasam.
dheeniki vilium sealy goset (vidyaarthi anae maaruperuto raasina) paeru pettaru, dheenini 1927loe ayana pravesapettaaru. 
eee bhavananu taruvaata neuman (1939), keyles (1952) mariyu zaan tookey konni prachurinchani gamanikalalo charchinchaaru.
daani ganaanka pampinhee "vidyaarthi shreni pampinhee", idhi single step proseasure tookey yokka shreni pareeksha, neuman-culls paddhati mariyu dunken yokka step down vidhanam mariyu dayta snooping sambhavinchina tarvaata ippatikee chellubaatu ayye vishwaasa viramalanu erpaatu cheyadam vanti bahula poolika vidhaanaalaku upayoginchabadutundi.
vivarana.
vidyaarthi shreni viluva, chaalaa tarachugaa chararashi "q" dwara suuchimchabadutumdi, yaadruchchika namuunaa "x" 1, aadhaaramgaa nirvachinchavacchu...," n "(0,1) sankhyala pampinhee nundi" x "" n ", mariyu anni" xi "nundi swatantramgaa unde maroka yaadruchchika chararashi" s ", mariyu" νs "2" ν "degreela swechchatho" χ "2 pampineeni kaligi untundi. appudu
n" samuuhaalu mariyu "ν" degreela swechcha kosam vidyaarthi shreni pampineeni kaligi undhi. anuvartanaallo, "xi" anedi saadhaaranamgaa "m" parimaanamlo prati okkati namuunaala sadhanam, s "2 anedi pooled variance, mariyu degrees off friedam" ν "=" n "(" m "−1).
q" yokka klishtamaina viluva moodu karakalapai aadharapadi untundih
pampinhee.
x" 1 ayithe..., x" "n" "anevi saadhaaranamgaa pampinhee cheyabade swatantramgaa oke vidhamgaa pampinhee cheyabadina yaadruchchika chararaasulu, vaati vidya paridhi yokka sambhaavyata pampineeni saadhaaranamgaa" "vidya paridhi pampinhee" "anie pilustaaru". q" yokka nirvachanam anchanaa viluva ledhaa namuunaa geesina pampinhee yokka praamaanika vichalanam meeda aadharapadi undadani gamaninchandi, anduvalla aaa paaraamitulatoe sambandham lekunda daani sambhaavyata pampinhee okate. 
"vidyavetta".
saadhaaranamgaa, "studenized" anae padaaniki ardham, janabha praamaanika vichalanam yokka anchanaa dwara vibhajinchadam dwara chararashi yokka sthaayi sardubaatu cheyabadindi (studenized avasheshaalu kooda chudandi). praamaanika vichalanam anedi "janabha" praamaanika vichalanam kante "namuunaa" praamaanika vichalanam, anduvalla oka yaadruchchika namuunaa nundi marokadaaniki bhinnamgaa unde vishayam, "vidyaarthi" dayta yokka nirvachanam mariyu pampinheeki avasaram. namuunaa" praamaanika vichalanam viluvalo vaividhyam lekkinchina viluvalalo adanapu anischitini kaligistundi. idhi "vidyaabaddhamaina" edainaa ganaamkam yokka sambhaavyata pampineeni kanugone samasyanu klishtataram chestundi.

