
norwegian maandalikaalu

norwegian maandalikaalu (dialector) saadhaaranamgaa naalugu pradhana samuhaluga vibhajinchabaddaayi, 'uttara norwegian' (), 'madhya norwegian' ('trandersk'), 'paschima norwegian' ('westlandsk'), mariyu 'thoorpu norwegian' (). konnisaarlu 'midland norwegian' () mariyu/ledhaa 'south norwegian' () aidava ledhaa aarava samuhaluga pariganinchabadataayi.
maandalikaalu saadhaaranamgaa parasparam ardhamayyevi, conny yaasa, vyaakaranam, vaakyanirmaanam mariyu padajaalaaniki sambandhinchi gananeeyamgaa bhinnamgaa untaayi. oka nirdishta maandalikaaniki alavaatu kakapothe, sthaanika norwegian matladevariki kooda daanini ardham chesukovadamlo ibbandi undavacchu. maandalikaalu vyavasaya samuuhaala vale sthaanikamgaa undavacchu, conny chaalaa mandhi bhasha saastravettalu konasagutunna praantiiyeekarananu gamaninchaaru, sthaanika vaividhyaalanu tagginchadam ledhaa tolaginchadam kooda gamaninchaaru.
bokmala" mariyu "ninorsk" ledhaa marinta sampradaayavaada "ricksmala" mariyu "hognorsk" anae vraatapuurvaka bhashalanu anusarinchi, saadhaarana prasangam, finmark yokka bhagalalo tappa, saadhaarana upayogamlo ledhu (ikkada asalu saami janabha rendava bhashaga norwegian neerchukundi), chaalaa varaku, pradhana pattana praantaalalo konni saamaajika samuuhaalu (udhaa.zii. trandheim), jaateeya prasaaramlo, mariyu nyaayasthaanaalalo mariyu adhikaarika uttarvulalo.
parinaamam.
bhougolikam mariyu vaataavaranam kaaranamgaa, 20va sataabdam prarambham varaku norwegian communitylu tarachugaa okadaanikokati dhooramgaa undevi. phalitamgaa, sthaanika maandalikaalu tama sonta vilakshanhatalanu abhivruddhi chesukuntu, okadaanikokati yeka margallo prabhaavitam ayye dhoranini kaligi unnaayi. udaaharanaku, opdal samajam paschimaana teerapraanta maandalikaalu, dakshinaana uttara gudbrandasdalen maandalikaalu mariyu uttaraana soar-trandelagloni itara maandalikaalato saaruupya lakshanaalanu kaligi undhi. bhasha shaastravetta ainar hougen, pratipaksha mandalikam yokka vivaraalanu namodu chesaaru, rachayita inge crocon dheenini saahitya saadhanamgaa upayoginchaaru. itara parivartana mandalikalalo romsdal mariyu arendall maandalikaalu unnaayi.
marovaipu, jalavidyut vanarula sameepamlo kottagaa paarisramikamgaa maarina samajalu eee praantaaniki anugunamgaa maandalikaalanu abhivruddhi chesaayi, conny aneka vidhaluga pratyekamainavi. hoyangar, odda, ticedal, rjukan, notodden, souda mariyu itarulu vanti pradaesaalaloo adhyayanalu eee praantaalalo kotta maandalikaala erpaatunu prabhaavitam chesayani chuupistunnaayi.
adevidhamgaa, 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo railway stationlalo mariyu chuttupakkala sumaru praamaanika bokmallo oka mandalikam udbhavinchindi. dheenini ("station longuage") anie pilicheevaaru mariyu eee kendraala chuttoo maandalikamlo maarpulaku dohadapadi undavacchu.
saamaajika dynamics.
20va sataabdam varaku, oslo vanti nagaramlo paiki saamaajika kadalika konni sandarbhaallo praamaanika ricksmalku anugunamgaa prasangam avasaram kaavacchu. netikee, graameena maandalikaalu matladevaru adhikaarika likhita bhashanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki adhikaarika amarikalalo tama viniyogaanni maarchukune avakaasam undani adhyayanalu chuupistunnaayi. idhi oslo looni raajakeeya radicals madhya oslo maandalikaala saampradaaya roopaalanu sweekarinchadam nundi sthaanika maandalikaalanu parirakshinche udyamaala varaku vividha prati saamskrutika udyamaalaku daariteesindi. norwegian bhasha vaividhyam parirakshinchadaginadani vistrutamgaa mariyu perugutunna angeekaaram undhi.
neti dhorani maandalikaala yokka praantiiyeekarana, deenivalla chinna maandalika lakshanaalu adrusyamavutaayi mariyu graameena maandalikaalu vaati sameepa pedda maandalika vaividhyamtho vileenam avtayi.
mottam norwegian bhashaku praamaanika mandalikam ledhu, mariyu anni maandalikaalu ippudu parasparam ardham chesukogalavu. anduvalla, samaajamlooni daadaapu prati amsamlo vistrutamgaa vividha maandalikaalu tarachugaa mariyu okadaanitoe okati upayoginchabadutunnaayi. oka maandalikampai vimarsha anedi okari vyaktigata gurtimpu mariyu pempakam yokka pradaesam meeda vimarsagaa pariganinchabadutundi mariyu idhi asabhyamgaa pariganinchabadutundi. okari saraina maandalikaanni upayoginchakapovadam anedi aneka paristhitulalo ibbandikaramgaa untundi, endukante idhi okari gurtimpunu ledhaa nepathyam laenidaanni teesukovalane korikanu suuchimchavachchu. maandalikaalu kooda vruttiparamaina mariyu gruha paristhitulalo hasyanni pondadaaniki oka praantam.
bhedaalu.
norwegian maandalikaala madhya thedaanu gurtinchadaaniki aneka margalu unnaayi. eee pramaanaalu agil borre jansen raasina "vert aget spruck/talemalet" (1987) rachana nundi teesukobaddaayi. eee pramaanaalu saadhaaranamgaa chaalaa maandalikaalanu gurtinchadaaniki vislaeshanhaatmaka maargaalanu andistaayi, ayithe chaalaa mandhi norwegianlu vaatini vaerugaa cheppadaniki anubhavampai aadhaarapadataaru.
vyaakaranaalu mariyu vaakyanirmaanam.
anantamaina roopaalu.
maandalikaala madhya atyanta mukhyamaina vyatyaasaalalo okati, edainaa unte, kriyalu anantamaina roopamlo untaayi. paatha norwegianlo, chaalaa kriyalu anantamaina mugimpu (-a) kaligi unnaayi, adevidhamgaa aadhunika norwegian maandalikamlo, maandalikamlooni chaalaa kriyalu anantamaina mugimpunu kaligi untaayi ledhaa kaligi untaayi. norwegian mandalikalalo mugise aidu rakaalaina anantamainavi rendu samuuhaalanu kaligi unnaih
oka mugimpu (paaschaatya maandalikaalu)
rendu ververu mugimpulu (thoorpu maandalikaalu)
mugimpula vibhajana pampinhee paatha norse loe kriya yokka akshara podavuku sambandhinchinadi. "chinna aksharalu" () norse looni kriyalu vaati mugimpulanu unchaayi. podavaina aksharalu" () kriyalu vaati (ottidi laeni) mugimpulanu kolpoyayi ledhaa vaatini-e gaa marchai.
detive kesu.
aadhunika german mariyu island bhaashalalo praamaanikam cheyabadina dative mariyu accetive kesula madhya asalu germanic sandarbhochita vyatyaasam, matlade danish mariyu swedish bhaashalalo ksheeninchindi, eee dhorani bokmalku kooda vyaapinchindi. ivor ausen thana rachana "norsk gramamatic" (1848) loe dietive kesunu vivaramgaa pariganinchaadu, mariyu norwegian daitivnu sajeeva vyaakarana kesugaa upayoginchadam prarambha dhesha grandhaalalo konnintini chudavachu. ayithe, eee kesu eppuduu adhikaarika bhuubhaagam/ninorsklo bhaagam kaaledu.
ayithe, idhi oslo, romsdall, mariyu trondeemku dakshina mariyu eshaanyamlo uttaraana matlade konni mandalikalalo undhi. perkonna praantaalalo vyaakarana drugvishayam chaalaa pramaadakaramgaa undhi, ayithe sampradaayavaada rakalanu matlade chaalaa mandhi jaateeya praamaanika bhashalache ekkuvagaa prabhaavitamayyaaru, rendu sandarbhaallo saampradaaya aaropana padha roopaanni matrame upayoginchaaru. tarachugaa, ellappuduu kakapoyina, dative mariyu accusative padha roopaala madhya ardhamlo vyatyaasam kolpovachhu, tadwara speaker vaastavaaniki ardham emito paerkonadaaniki, samacharam yokka sambhaavya nashtanni nivaarinchadaaniki marinni padaalanu jodinchalsi untundi.
bhavishyat kaalam.
bhavishyat kaalam yokka upayogamlo praantiiya vaividhyaalu unnaayi, udaaharanaku, "athanu prayaninchabotunnadu.":
vaakyanirmaanam.
maandalikaala madhya vaakyanirmaanam chaalaa bhinnamgaa untundi, vineevaariki ardham pondadaaniki kaalam mukhyam. udaaharanaku, saampradaaya "adige padaalu" (elaa, ekkada, emi, evaru) lekunda oka prasna yerpadavachhu..)
udaaharanaku, "?"(bokmaallo),"?"(ninorsk loe), aksharalah" gadiyaram entha?"ii.ii. "samayam entha?"itarulatoe paatu, eee krindi roopaalanu unchavachuhu
acchula uchchaarana.
monofthangla depthangisation.
paatha norsku dipthanglu undevi, conny setesdall chuttoo unna praantamloo matlade norwegian saampradaaya dipthanglalo rendintini maarchindi mariyu podavaina acchula nundi maroe naalugu aavishkaranalu chesindi, mariyu konni sandarbhaallo, chinna acchulu kooda unnaayi.
paschima norwegian maandalikaalu kooda kotta dipthanglanu aavishkarinchaayi. madhyabhaagamlo meeru eee krindi vaatini kanugonavachuhu
dipthangla monofthangisation.
paatha norse dipthanglu, mariyu aadhunika norwegian yokka konni mandalikalalo monofthangyzationnu anubhavinchaaru.
eee maarpu paatha thoorpu norse loe udbhavinchindi, idhi swedish mariyu danish eee maarpunu adhikamgaa pradarsistunnayane vaastavamlo pratibimbistumdi. norwaylo monofthangisation trondeemku paschimaana teeramlo mugustundi mariyu tribhujamlo aagneyamgaa madhya sweedanloki vistarinchi untundi. udaaharanaku, moldeku thoorpuna unna konni norwegian maandalikaalu kevalam mariyu matrame kolpoyayi.
sthaayi.
(/norwegianlo) idhi oka drugvishayam, dheenilo muula acchu mariyu oka padamlooni mugimpu acchu okadaanikokati sumaruga untaayi. udaaharanaku, paatha norse konni mandalikaluga maarindi. norwegian mandalikalalo rendu rakalu unnaayi-okati rendu acchulu okela marutayi, marokati avi oke vidhamgaa untaayi. dakshina naarvelooni lothattu praantaalalo mariyu trandheim chuttoo unna praantaalalo matrame leveling undhi.
balamaina kriyalalo acchu maarpu.
raajadhaaniki dakshinaana unna oslo mariyu theera praantaalalo minaha annintiloo, konni kriyala yokka prastuta kaalam kotta acchunu (umlat) teesukuntundi, udhaa.zii., avutundi (oslo loe, adhi avutundi).
hallula uchchaarana.
bahuvachanam niravadhika roopamlo tolaginchadam.
konni praantaalalo, anni ledhaa konni padaalaloo vaati bahuvachanam niravadhika roopamlo uchcharinchabadadu. naalugu vargaalu unnaih
dhwani saakshaatkaaram.
chaalaa maandalikaalu alviolar tapp ledhaa alviolar trilga gurtinchabadataayi. ayithe, gatha 200 samvatsaraalugaa, christian, stavanger mariyu bergen kendraalugaa unna paschima mariyu dakshina norwegian mandalikalalo oovulaar ujjaayimpu perugutondi. oslo mariyu chuttupakkala unna autsaahika patricianlalo kooda yuvular aarr sweekarinchabadindi, kontakaalamgaa christianland praantam nundi "digumati" chese paalakulu fashionga undevaaru. oslo vanti konni praantaalalo, flap retroflex flapga (saadhaaranamgaa "mandapati ell" anie pilustaaru) grahinchabadindi, idhi norway, sweedanlooni konni praantaalalo mariyu puurtigaa sambandham laeni bhaashalalo matrame undhi. norwegian mandalikalalo itara retroflections dhwani sahajeevanam chestundi. konni praantaallo idhi "rd" thoo mugise padaalaku kooda vartistundi, udaaharanaku (vyavasaya) uchcharinchabadatam. thoorpu praantaalalo yuvular aarr takkuva aamodaanni pondindi, mariyu bhasha saastravettalu retroflexlanu upayoginche maandalikaalu yuvular aarku vyatiraekamgaa "sahaja rakshana" kaligi unnayani, anduvalla daanini sweekarinchavani oohinchaaru. ayithe, arrendal yokka mandalikam retroflexlanu nilupukuntundi, migilina sthaanaalalo yuvular aarnu kaligi untundi, e.zii. .
uttara naarvelooni pedda praantaalalo, mukhyamgaa nordland county yokka uttara bhagalalo mariyu maajee county off tromes yokka dakshina bhagalalo, alaage finmark yokka maajee kounteelooni aneka bhagalalo, maroka roopaantaram ippatikee sadharanamh vois post-alviolar cibilant fricative. swararahita hallula mundu, eee r yokka saakshaatkaaram kooda swararahitam. anduvalla, dakshina mariyu threndlog mandalikalalo okati ekkada dorukutundo ledhaa, ledhaa, aarr gaa vois cheyabadina praantaalalo, okaru pondutaaru.
polatisation.
oslo mariyu bergen madhya nadustunna isoglosku uttaraana unna praantaalalo, n (iPA), l (), t () mariyu d () sabdaalaku vividha sthaayilalo polatylisation jarugutundi. trandheim paalemku dakshinaana mariyu nairuti praantaalu pradhana mariyu adheena aksharalu rendintinee padaalaloo (udhaa.zii.), conny itara praantaalu pradhana aksharanni () matrame polatolize chestaayi.
plosives yokka vois.
vois laeni staplu () sudeergha acchula tarvaata (, verses. ,) christiansand, mandal mariyu stavanger thoo sahaa norway yokka dakshina teeramlo. adhe drugvishayam soar-trandelog mariyu nordlandloni oka praantamloo kanipistundi.
vibhajana.
nairuti naarvelooni geminate maarindi, dakshina madhya norwaylo thoorpuna final poyindi, vadilivesindi. adhe kramam uttara norwaylo polatolize cheyabadindi, palatal paarsvam vadiliveyabadindi.
sameekaranam.
hallula samoohaalalo rendava hallu, mariyu norway yokka chaalaa bhagalalo modatidaaniki kalisipoyindi, vadili, mariyu varusaga. paschima norway, bergenlo laenappatikee, clusternu nilupukundi. uttara norwaylo idhe samuuhaanni palatal paarsvamgaa grahistaaru.
purusha namavachakala samyogamlo hallula maarpu.
takkuva tarachugaa upayoginchinappatiki, oka purusha namavachakanni anischita nundi khachitamaina, e kuu samyoginchadamlo oka suukshmamaina maarpu jarugutundi.zii., nundi (, [beːen] ledhaa) varaku. idhi farsund nundi tromes mariyu finmark madhya sarihaddu varaku teeram vembadi unna graameena mandalikalalo kanipistundi.
keje-esje vileenam.
chaalaa mandhi, mukhyamgaa yuva taramlo, (vraasina) mariyu (vraasina) sabdaala madhya vyatyaasaanni kolpoyaru, rendintinee grahinchaaru. idhi bhasha maarpulo saadhaarana abhivruddhiga chaalaa mandhi bhaavistaaru (ayinappatikee chaalaa bhashalu maarutunnanduna, paatha taram mariyu marinta sampradaayavaada bhasha viniyogadaarulu tarachugaa bhasha yokka ksheenata gurinchi vilapistaaru). functional load saapekshamgaa takkuvagaa untundi, mariyu tarachugaa jarige vidhamgaa, takkuva functional lodlatho samaanamaina sabdaalu vileenam avtayi.
tone mariyu swaram.
vividha norwegian maandalikaala swara vyavasthala madhya goppa thedaalu unnaayi.
padajaalam.
modati vyakti sarvanamam, namavachaka bahuvachanam.
norwegian mandalikalalo modati vyakti bahuvachanam namavachaka sarvanamam yokka moodu vaividhyaalu unnaih
modati vyakti sarvanamam, namavachaka ekavachanam.
norwegian mandalikalalo modati vyakti ekavachana namavachaka sarvanamam uchcharinche vidhaanamlo gananeeyamaina vaividhyam undhi. avi moodu samuhaluga kanipistaayi, veetilo vaividhyaalu kooda unnaih
kaadu" anae padam.
aanglamlo "kaadu" anae norwegian padam eee pradhana vargalalo undih
norwegian bhaashalo "neenu aakalitho laenu" anae vaakyaaniki udaaharanalu
prashnaarthakamaina padaalu.
konni saadhaarana prasnaarthaka padaalu eee krindi roopaalanu teesukuntaayih

