
atyavasara vaidyam

atyavasara vaidyam anedi takshana vaidya sahayam avasaramayye anaarogyaalu ledhaa gaayaala samrakshanaku sambandhinchina vaidya pratyekata. atyavasara vaidyulu (tarachugaa united stateslo "err vaidyulu" anie pilustaaru) anni vayasula schedule cheyani mariyu bhedam laeni rogulaku samrakshana andinchadamlo pratyekata kaligi untaaru. modati-varusa providerlugaa, atyavasara vaidya sevalatho samanvayamtho, vaaru punarujjeevanam mariyu sthireekarananu praarambhinchadaaniki mariyu teevramaina dasalo anaarogyaalu ledhaa gayalanu nirdhaarinchadaaniki mariyu chikitsa cheyadaaniki avasaramaina prarambha parisoedhanalu mariyu jokyaalanu nirvahinchadaaniki pradhanamgaa baadhyata vahistaaru. atyavasara vaidyulu saadhaaranamgaa aasupatri atyavasara vibhagalu, atyavasara vaidya sevala dwara prii-hospital settingulu mariyu intensive cair unitlalo practies chestaaru. ayinappatikee, vaaru atyavasara samrakshana kliniklu vanti praathamika samrakshana amarikalalo kooda panicheyavacchu.
atyavasara vaidyamlo upa-pratyaekatalu unnaayi; vipattu vaidyam, vaidya vishashaastram, point-off-cair ultrasonography, klishtamaina samrakshana vaidyam, atyavasara vaidya sevalu, hyperbaric vaidyam, creeda vaidyam, polyative cair ledhaa aerospace vaidyam.
atyavasara vaidyaaniki vividha namuunaalu antarjaateeyamgaa unnaayi. aanglo-american namuunaanu anusarinche deshaalalo, atyavasara vaidyamlo praarambhamlo sarjanlu, saadhaarana vaidyulu mariyu itara saadhaarana vaidyulu undevaaru. ayithe, iteevali dasaabdaalalo idhi daani sikshanaa karyakramalu mariyu vidyaaparamaina poestulatoe daani swantha pratyaekatanu gurtinchindi, mariyu eee pratyekata ippudu vaidya vidyaarthulu mariyu kottagaa arhata kaligina vaidya abhyaasakulalo prajaadarana pondina empikagaa maarindi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, franco-german namuunaanu anusarinche deshaalalo, pratyekata ledhu, mariyu atyavasara vaidya samrakshananu neerugaa anaesthesiologistlu (klishtamaina punarujjeevanam kosam), sarjanlu, antargata vaidyamlo nipunulu, pediatricians, cardiologists ledhaa neurologistlu andistaaru. abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalalo atyavasara vaidyam ippatikee abhivruddhi chendutondi, mariyu antarjaateeya atyavasara vaidya karyakramalu vanarulu parimitam ayina chota praathamika atyavasara samrakshananu meruguparuchukune aasanu andistaayi.
paridhi.
atyavasara vaidyam anedi oka vaidya pratyekata-anni vayasula rogulanu prabhaavitam chese anaaroogyam mariyu gaayam yokka teevramaina mariyu atyavasara amsaalanu nivaarinchadaaniki, nirdhaarinchadaaniki mariyu nirvahinchadaaniki avasaramaina ghnaanam mariyu naipunhyaala aadhaaramgaa abhyasa rangam, idhi puurtigaa bhinnamaina saareeraka mariyu pravartanaa rugmatalato untundi. idhi prii-hospital mariyu inn-hospital atyavasara vaidya vyavasthala abhivruddhi mariyu eee abhivruddhiki avasaramaina naipunhyaala gurinchi avagahananu kaligi untundi.
atyavasara vaidya rangam antargata vaidya mariyu shastrachikitsa paristhitula yokka teevramaina samrakshanhatho kuudina samrakshananu kaligi untundi. aneka aadhunika atyavasara vibhagalalo, atyavasara vaidyulu chaalaa mandhi rogulanu chuustaaru, vaari anaarogyaalaku chikitsa chestaaru mariyu vaarini aasupatrilo cherchukuntaaru ledhaa avasaramaina chikitsa tarvaata vaarini vidudala chestaaru. vaaru rogulaku mariyu praathamika samrakshana pradaatalu laeni vaariki off-avars samayamlo episodic praathamika samrakshananu kooda andistaaru. chaalaa mandhi rogulu takkuva-teevrata paristhithulatho (chinna gayalu ledhaa deerghakaalika vyaadhi yokka teevrataram vantivi) atyavasara vibhaagaalaku haajaravutaaru, conny oka chinna nishpatti teevramgaa anaarogyamtho ledhaa gaayapadataaru. anduvalla, atyavasara vaidyudiki vistruta ghnaanam mariyu vidhaanaparamaina naipunyaalu avasaram, tarachugaa shastrachikitsa vidhanalu, gaayam punarujjeevanam, adhunaatana hridaya jeevita maddatu mariyu adhunaatana vayumarga nirvahanato sahaa. rogini punarujjeevimpajeyadam (intensive cair medicine), kashtataramaina vayumaargaanni (anaestheology) nirvahinchadam, sanklishtamaina gayanni (plaastik surgery) kuttadam, virigina emuka ledhaa sthaanabhramsham chendina keellanu (orthopedic surgery) erpaatu cheyadam, gundepotuku (cardiology) chikitsa cheyadam, strokelanu (neurology) nirvahinchadam, yoni raktasraavam (prasuuti mariyu stree jananendri shaastram) unna garbhinii rogiki vyayamam cheyadam, unmaadam (manorogachikitsa) unna rogini niyantrinchadam, teevramaina mukku nundi raktasraavam (otolaringology) apadam, chaatii gottam (cardiothoracic surgery) unchadam, ex-raelu mariyu ultrasoundlanu (radiology) nirvahinchadam mariyu ardham chesukovadam vanti aneka vaidya pratyaekatala nundi vaariki konni pradhana naipunyaalu undaali. eee saadhaarana vidhanam atyavasara vaidyamlo nipunulu laeni vyavasthalalo kanipinche samrakshana samasyalanu nivaarinchagaladu, ikkada takshana shraddha avasaramayye rogulanu modati nundi sarjanlu ledhaa antargata vaidyulu vanti pratyeka vaidyulu nirvahistaaru. ayithe, idhi atyavasara samrakshana nundi disconnect ayina teevramaina mariyu klishtamaina samrakshana pratyaekatala dwara addamkulaku daariteeyavachchu.
atyavasara vaidyam atyavasara samrakshana nundi vaerugaa undavacchu, idhi takkuva udbhavinche vaidya samasyalaku praathamika aarogya samrakshananu suuchistumdi, conny spashtamgaa ativyaapti undhi, mariyu chaalaa mandhi atyavasara vaidyulu atyavasara samrakshana amarikalalo panicheestaaru. atyavasara vaidyamlo teevramaina praadhamika samrakshana yokka aneka amsaalu kooda untaayi mariyu vayassu, lingam ledhaa avayava vyavasthatho sambandham lekunda rogulandarinee chudatam yokka pratyaekatanu kutumba vaidyamtho panchukuntundi. atyavasara vaidyula sraamikasaktiloo itara pratyaekatala nundi vaidya naipunyaalu kaligina aneka mandhi samarthulaina vaidyulu kooda unnaaru.
atyavasara vaidyamlo pratyekata kaligina vaidyulu polyative cair, critical cair medicine, medical toxicology, wilderness medicine, pediatric emergency medicine, sports medicine, dijaster medicine, vyuuhaatmaka medicine, ultrasound, noppi aushadham, prii-hospital emergency medicine ledhaa under sea mariyu hyperbaric medicine vanti upa-pratyekatalalo aadhaaraalanu pondadaaniki pheloshiplanu namodu cheyavachu.
itara pratyaekatalu mariyu aarogya samrakshana vanarulu chaalaa takkuva unna graameena praantaallo atyavasara vaidya paddhati tarachugaa chaalaa bhinnamgaa untundi. eee praantaalalo, atyavasara vaidyamlo adanapu naipunyaalu kaligina kutumba vaidyulu tarachugaa atyavasara vibhagalalo panicheestaaru. graameena atyavasara vaidyulu matrame samaajamlo aarogya samrakshana pradaatalu kaavacchu mariyu praathamika samrakshana mariyu prasuuti shaastramtho sahaa naipunyaalu avasaram.
pani namuunaalu.
namuunaalu desham mariyu praantaanni batti maarutuu untaayi. samyukta rashtraalalo, atyavasara vaidyula paddhatula upaadhi erpaatu private (contract kinda atyavasara vibhaganni niyaminche vaidyula sahakaara brundamtho), samsthaagata (aasupatrito swatantra contractor sambandham unna ledhaa laeni vaidyulu), corporate (bahula atyavasara vibhaagaalaku sevalu andinche moodava party sibbandi samsthatho swatantra contractor sambandham unna vaidyulu), ledhaa prabhutva (udaaharanaku, vyaktigata seva sainika sevalu, prajaarogya sevalu, anubhavagnula prayojana vyavasthalu ledhaa itara prabhutva samsthalalo panichestunnappudu).
united kingdamlo, atyavasara vaidyamlo kansaltentlandaru jaateeya aarogya sevalo panicheestaaru, mariyu private atyavasara abhyaasaaniki chaalaa takkuva avakaasam undhi. australia, newzealand ledhaa turkey vanti itara deshaalalo, atyavasara vaidya nipunulu daadaapu ellappuduu prabhutva aarogya vibhagalalo jeetam pondhe udyogulu mariyu prabhutva aasupatrulalo panicheestaaru, private ledhaa prabhutvetara aeromedical resque ledhaa ravana sevalalo upaadhi pondutaaru, alaage atyavasara vibhaagaalato kuudina konni private aasupatrulu; vaariki specialist kaani vaidya adhikarulu mariyu sandarsinche saadhaarana abhyasakulache anubandhinchabadavachhu ledhaa maddatu ivvabadavachhu. graameena atyavasara vibhaagaalanu konnisaarlu saadhaarana vaidyulu matrame nirvahistaaru, konnisaarlu atyavasara vaidyamlo specialist kaani arhatalu kaligi untaaru.
charitra.
french viplavam samayamlo, french flying artillery yokka carriagelu yuddhabhoomula antataa entha vegamtho munduku sagutunnayo chusina taruvaata, french military sarjan dominic zeane laurie, gayapadina sainikulanu vaidya samrakshana marinta andubaatulo mariyu aacharanatmakamgaa unde kendra pradaesaaniki vaegamgaa ravana cheyadaaniki ambulancelu ledhaa "flying carriagelu" anae aalochananu vartimpajesaaru. laurie driverlu, corpsmen mariyu chettha-beararla sikshana pondina sibbandito ambulenslanu nadipi, gayapadina vaarini kendrikruta kshetra aasupatrulaku teesukuvacchi, aadhunika maash unitlaku samarthavantamgaa mundanja vaesaadu. dominic zeane larrini konnisaarlu french yuddhaala samayamlo athani vyuuhaala kosam atyavasara vaidya pitamahudu anie pilustaaru.
swatantra vaidya pratyaekatagaa atyavasara vaidyam saapekshamgaa chinnadi. 1960luu mariyu 1970laku mundu, aasupatri atyavasara vibhagalu (eds) saadhaaranamgaa kutumba vaidyulu, saadhaarana sarjanlu, internistulu mariyu vividha rakaala itara nipunulatoe sahaa aasupatrilo sibbandipai vaidyulu tirige praatipadikana panichesevaaru. aneka chinna atyavasara vibhagalalo, narsulu rogulanu pareekshistaaru, mariyu gaayam ledhaa anaaroogyam rakam aadhaaramgaa vaidyulanu pilustaaru. kutumba vaidyulu tarachugaa atyavasara vibhaagaaniki coll chestu, pratyeka atyavasara vibhaga coverage avasaranni gurtinchaaru. atyavasara vaidyamlo maargadarsakulalo chaalaa mandhi kutumba vaidyulu mariyu itara nipunulu, vaaru atyavasara samrakshanhalo adanapu sikshana avasaramani bhaavinchaaru.
eee kaalamlo, tama panini puurtigaa edd kosam ankitam cheyadaaniki tama abhyasalanu vidichipettina vaidyulu udbhavinchadam praarambhinchaaru. 1952loe yukelo, leads general aasupatrilo modati "pramaada salahaadaaru" gaa maris ellis niyamitulayyaaru. 1967loe, pramaada sarjanla sangham marish ellis thoo kalisi daani modati adhyakshudiga saha-sthaapinchabadindi. 1961loe doctor james davit mills, naluguru saha vaidyulu, doctor chalmers eah. thoo kalisi nirvahinche atuvanti samoohaalalo modatidi. varjeeniyaaloni alegjaandriyaaloni alegzandria aasupatrilo lougridge, doctor vilium weaver, doctor zaan mcdade mariyu doctor steven bednar, edaadi podavunaa 24/7 atyavasara samrakshananu sthaapinchaaru, idhi "alegzandria plaan" gaa piluvabadindi.
adhi varaku daa. zaan weisenstein american college off emergency physicians (esipi) nuu sthaapinchaaru (HTTT:// WW.uttejitam.com/artical/ess 0196-0644 (04) 01836-0 fulltext#relatedarticles) amaa mariyu ayova dwara atyavasara vaidya sikshanaa kaaryakramaalaku gurtimpu, mariyu 1979loe american board off medical specialities dwara atyavasara vaidyaanni americalo gurtimpu pondina vaidya pratyaekatanu maarchadaaniki chaaritraatmaka ootu. prapanchamlooni mottamodati atyavasara vaidya nivaasa karyakramam 1970loe sinsinnati vishwavidhyaalayamlo praarambhamaindi. antekakunda, 1971loe dakshina california vishwavidhyaalayamlo oka yuu. ess. vaidya paatasaalalo atyavasara vaidya vibhagam modati vibhagam jarigindi. united stateslo rendava nivaasa karyakramam tvaralo minnepolisloni hennepin county general hospital anie pilavabadedi, 1971loe iddaru nivaasitulu eee kaaryakramamlo pravesinchaaru.
1990loe UK yokka pramaada sarjanla sangham thana paerunu british association pharr accident und emergency medicine gaa maarchukundi, aaa taruvaata 2004loe british association pharr emergency medicine (bame) gaa maarindi. 1993loe, accident und emergency medicine (fame) yokka intercollegiate faculty vruttiparamaina pareekshalu mariyu sikshananu erpaatu cheyadaaniki ingland mariyu skaatlaandlooni aaru raayal medical kalaasaalala "kumarte kalaasaala" gaa maarindi. 2005loe, bame mariyu fame oke unitga marai, idhi college off emergency medicine, ippudu raayal college off emergency medicine, idhi sabhyatvam mariyu phelowship pareekshalanu nirvahistundi mariyu emergency medicine sadhana kosam maargadarsakaalu mariyu pramaanaalanu prachuristundi.
financing mariyu practies organization.
tirigi chellimpu.
aneka aasupatrulu mariyu samrakshana kendraalalo atyavasara vaidya vibhagalu unnaayi, ikkada rogulu appointment lekunda teevramaina samrakshana pondavacchu. chaalaa mandhi rogulu praanaantakamaina gayalaku chikitsa pondutundagaa, itarulu talanoppi ledhaa jalubu vanti atyavasaram kaani kaaranaala kosam atyavasara vibhaganni (edi) upayogistaaru. ("aneka gantala alasyam pratikuula phalitaanni penche avakaasaanni penchani paristhitula sandarsanalu" gaa nirvachinchabadindi). anduvalla, vividha roogi avasaralu mariyu parimaanaalaku anugunamgaa vegavantamaina roogi turnover kosam sibbandi nishpattulanu sardubaatu cheyavachu mariyu vibhagam yokka oka praantaanni ketayinchavacchu. merugaina edd sibbandiki (atyavasara vaidya saanketika nipunulu, vaidya sibbandi) sahayam cheyadaaniki vidhanalu merugupaddayi. vaidya sahayakulu mariyu narsu praaktiishanarlu vanti madhya sthaayi providerlu rogulanu vaari praathamika samrakshana vaidyudu, atyavasara samrakshana kliniklu ledhaa nirvisheekarana soukaryaalu vanti marinta tagina vaidya paristhitula vaipu nadipistaaru. vaidya chikitsanu bharinchaleni ledhaa vaari kavarejeeni taginantagaa upayoginchukoleni beema cheyani rogulaku atyavasara vibhagam, sankshema karyakramalu mariyu aarogya samrakshana kliniklu aarogya samrakshana bhadrata valayam yokka keelaka bhaagamgaa panicheestaayi.
australialoni atyavasara vibhagalalo, prabhutvam "kaaryaacharana aadhaarita nidhulu mariyu nirvahana" nuu upayogistundi, antey atyavasara vibhaagaalaku nidhulu mottam rogula sankhya mariyu vaari kesulu ledhaa anaarogyaala sanklishtata aadhaaramgaa ketayinchabadutundi. ayithe, australialoni graameena atyavasara vibhaagaalaku rogula sankhyapai kakunda, surakshitamaina mariyu taginanta samrakshananu andinchadaaniki avasaramaina parikaraalu mariyu sibbandi sthaayilanu andinche suutram kinda nidhulu samakuurustaaru.
pariharam.
atyavasara vaidyulaku konni itara pratyaekatala kante adhika retutho pariharam ivvabadutundi, 2015loe 26 vaidya pratyekatalalo 10va sthaanamlo, samvatsaraaniki sagatu jeetam $30,00,000 thoo unnaaru. matlade nimagnatalu ledhaa nipunulaina sakshiga vyavaharinchadam vanti roguletara kaaryakalaapaalaku vaariki madhya-shrenilo (samvatsaraaniki sagatuna $13,000) pariharam ivvabadutundi; vaaru 2014-2015 nundi jeetam loe 12 saatam perugudalanu kooda chuusaaru (idhi aaa samvatsaram aneka itara vaidya pratyaekatalaku anugunamgaa ledhu). atyavasara vaidyulu ganta shiftulalo pani chestundagaa, coll meeda pani cheyaru, adhika sthaayi ottidi mariyu bhedam laeni, teevramaina rogiki ghana roganirdhaarana mariyu triage saamarthyaala avasaram eee vaidyulaku adhika jeetaalanu samarthinche vaadanalaku dohadam chestundi. atyavasara samrakshana pratiroojuu prati gantaku andubaatulo undaali mariyu out patient clinic ledhaa itara aasupatri vibhagala maadirigaa kakunda, marinta parimita gantala paatu, oka vaidyudu sait loe andubaatulo undaali mariyu avasaramainappudu matrame vaidyudini pilavavacchu. sibbandipai oka vaidyudu mariyu pratiroojuu prati gantaku andubaatulo unde anni itara roganirdhaarana sevalu undatam anedi aasupatrulaku khareedaina erpaatu.
chellimpu vyavasthalu.
american aarogya chellimpu vyavasthalu gananeeyamaina samskarana prayatnaalaku lonavutunnayi, veetilo medicare mariyu medisidtoe sahaa vaanijya mariyu prajaarogya kaaryakramaala kinda "paniteeru kosam chellimpu" prothsaahakaalu mariyu jarimana charyala dwara atyavasara vaidyulaku pariharam ivvadam unnaayi. eee chellimpu samskarana samrakshana mariyu niyantrana kharchula naanhyatanu meruguparachadam lakshyamgaa pettukundi, prastuta aadhaaraalapai eee chellimpu vidhanam atyavasara vaidyamlo prabhaavavantamgaa undani choopinchadaaniki bhinnamaina abhiprayalu unnappatikee. praarambhamlo, eee prothsaahakaalu praathamika samrakshana pradaatalanu (pcps) matrame lakshyamgaa chesukuntaayi, ayithe kontamandi atyavasara vaidyam praathamika samrakshana anie vaadistaaru, endukante evaruu rogulanu eedku soochincharu. atuvanti oka kaaryakramamlo, jabita cheyabadina rendu nirdishta paristhitulu atyavasara vaidya pradaatalu tarachugaa chuse rogulatho neerugaa mudipadi unnaih teevramaina myocardial inforction mariyu pneumonia.(chudandi aasupatri naanhyata prothsaahaka pradarsana.)
atyavasara vaidyamlo eee naanhyata aadhaarita prothsaahakaalanu amalu cheyadamlo konni savaallu unnaayi, rogulaku tarachugaa edd loe khachitamaina roganirdhaarana ivvabadadu, idhi coding dwara chellimpulanu ketayinchadam savaluga chestundi. adanamgaa, sanklishta rogulaku roogi pramaada sthaayi mariyu bahula saha-anaarogyaala aadhaaramgaa sardubaatlu saanukuula ledhaa pratikuula aarogya phalitaala aapaadimpunu marinta klishtataram chestaayi. teevramaina samrakshana amarikalalo chikitsa cheyabadina atyavasara paristhiti valla chaalaa kharchulu neerugaa sambhavistaya anie anchanaa veyadam antha sulabham kaadu. atyavasara chikitsa samayamlo nivaarana samrakshana kaaranamgaa podupunu lekkinchadam kooda kashtam (antey.ii. aasupatrilo cheradam kante vyayamam, chikitsalanu sthireekarinchadam, samrakshana mariyu utsarga samanvayam). anduvalla, edd providerlu itara chellimpu vyavasthala kante savarinchina feezu-kosam-seva namuunaaku maddatu istaaru.
atigaa upayoginchadam.
aarogya beema laeni kondaru rogulu tama praathamika vaidya samrakshanagaa adsnu upayogistaaru. eee rogulu beema ledhaa praathamika samrakshananu upayoginchananduna, atyavasara vaidya pradaatalu tarachugaa mitimeerina viniyogam mariyu aardhika nashtanni edurkontaaru, mukhyamgaa chaalaa mandhi rogulu vaari samrakshana kosam chellinchaleru (krinda chudandi). edd mitimeerina viniyogam prati samvatsaram $38 billionla vyardha kharchulanu utpatti chestundi (antey.ii. samrakshana pampinhee mariyu samanvaya vaiphalyaalu, athi chikitsa, paripalana sanklishtata, dharala vaiphalyaalu mariyu mosam), antekakunda, idhi anavasaramgaa saakhala vanarulanu paaravestundi, rogulandari samrakshana naanhyatanu taggistundi. atigaa upayoginchadam anedi beema cheyani vaariki matrame parimitam kaanappatikee, beema cheyani vaaru atyavasaram kaani sandarsanallo perugutunna nishpattini kaligi untaaru. pratyaamnaaya samrakshana roopaalaku praapyatanu meruguparachadam dwara mariyu atyavasara sandarsanala avasaranni tagginchadam dwara beema coverage mitimeerina viniyogaanni tagginchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi.
tarachugaa sandarsakulu vachevi vrudhaa kharchulaku mukhyamaina karakaluga oka saadhaarana apoha undhi. ayithe, tarachugaa edit chese viniyogadaarulu atigaa viniyogaaniki dohadapade vaarilo oka chinna bhaagam mariyu tarachugaa beema cheyabadataru.
pariharam laeni samrakshana.
gaayam mariyu anaaroogyam tarachugaa oohinchanivi, mariyu takkuva saamaajika aardhika sthithi unna rogulu mukhyamgaa avasaramaina sandarsana kharchutho akasmaattugaa bhaaram padee avakaasam undhi. udaaharanaku, oka roogi andukunna vaidya samrakshana kosam chellinchalekapothe, atyavasara vaidya chikitsa mariyu kriyaaseela kaarmika chattam (emtala) kinda aasupatri, roogi chellinchagala saamardhyamtho sambandham lekunda atyavasara paristhitulaku chikitsa cheyalsina baadhyata kaligi untundi, anduvalla eee pariharam laeni samrakshana kosam aardhika nashtanni edurkontundi. mottam parimaanaatmaka atyavasara samrakshanhalo sagaaniki paiga (sumaru 55 saatam) pariharam chellinchabadaledani mariyu taginantagaa tirigi chellinchakapovadam valla aneka editionlu muusivaeyabadataayani anchanaalu suuchistunnaayi. palasi maarpulu (sarasamaina samrakshana chattam vantivi) beema cheyani vyaktula sankhyanu taggistaayani, tadwara pariharam laeni samrakshananu taggistaayani bhaavistunnaaru.
beema cheyani retunu tagginchadamtho paatu, praadhamika samrakshanaku roogi praapyatanu meruguparachadam dwara mariyu praanaantakamaina gaayaala kosam pratyaamnaaya samrakshana kendraalaku roogi pravahanni penchadam dwara adhika viniyogam tagginchavachhu. deerghakaalika vyaadhulatoe badhapaduthunna rogulaku aardhika prothsaahakaalu, roogi vidya mariyu merugaina nirvahana kooda mitimeerina viniyogaanni tagginchi, samrakshana kharchulanu nirvahinchadamlo sahaayapadataayi. antekakunda, chikitsa mariyu vislaeshanhala kosam dharala gurinchi vaidyula ghnaanam, vaari rogulatho kharchulapai charchalu mariyu rakshanaatmaka aushadhaaniki dhooramgaa maarutunna samskruti kharchutho koodukunna viniyogaanni meruguparustaayi. edd loe marinta viluva aadhaarita samrakshana vaipu maarpu anedi providerlu kharchulanu kaligi undagala maargam.
emtala.
vaidya samrakshana nidhulanu andukuntunna aasupatrula edslo panichese vaidyulu emtala nibandhanalaku lobadi untaaru. roogi dumping" nuu tagginchadaaniki 1986loe yuu. ess. congress emtaalaanu amalu chesindi, eee paddhati dwara rogulaku aardhika ledhaa itara vaidyetara kaaranaala valla vaidya samrakshana niraakarinchabadindi. daani chattam nundi, edd sandarsanalu gananeeyamgaa perigayi, oka adhyayanam sandarsanalalo 26 saatam perugudalanu choopinchindi (idhi adhe kaalamlo janabha perugudala kante rettimpu). ekkuva mandhi vyaktulu samrakshana pondutunnappatiki, nidhula korata mariyu adhika raddi naanhyatanu prabhaavitam cheyavachu. emtala nibandhanalanu paatinchadaaniki, aasupatrulu, vaari edd vaidyula dwara, vaidya pareekshalanu andinchaali mariyu roogi saamardhyamtho aasupatrilo tamanu taamu pradarsinchukune evarikainaa atyavasara vaidya paristhitulanu sthireekarinchaali. emtala aasupatri mariyu baadhyataayutamaina edd vaidyudu iddarinee avasaramaina vaariki sahayam lekapothe $50,000 varaku poura jarimaanaalaku baadhyata vahistundi. . ayithe inspector general karyalayam, yuu.ess. aarogya mariyu maanava sevala vibhagam (oaiji) mariyu private pourulu emtala kinda charya teesukovachhu, eee kesunu oaiji vichaarana chesthe matrame edd vaidyulu baadhyata vahinchavacchani kortulu ekareetigaa perkonnaayi (ayithe aasupatrulu evaru daavaa vesina jarimana vidhinchabadataayi). adanamgaa, medicare mariyu mediquide services (cms) kendraalu emtaalaanu paatinchani vaidyulaku medicare kinda provider hodaanu nilipiveyavacchu. seva andinchadaaniki aasupatriki ravalane edd abhyardhanaku spandinchadamlo viphalamaina aann-coll vaidyulaku kooda baadhyata vistaristundi. emtala yokka lakshyalu prasamsaneeyamainappatikee, idhi aasupatrulu mariyu atyavasara vaidyula vanarulapai gananeeyamaina nidhula korata bharanni srushtinchinatlu vyaakhyaatalu paerkonnaaru. aardhika ibbandula phalitamgaa, US loe moosiveyabadina editla yokka 1991-2011,12.6% kaalam madhya.
vividha edition settingulalo cair delivery.
graameena.
gatha konni dasabdaluga eee paddhati udbhavinchinappatikii, atyavasara aushadhaala pampinhee gananeeyamgaa perigindi mariyu kharchu, provider labhyata mariyu mottam viniyogaaniki sambandhinchina vibhina amarikalalo abhivruddhi chendindi. sarasamaina samrakshana chattam (aca) kii mundu, atyavasara aushadhaanni pradhanamgaa "beema cheyani ledhaa takkuva beema unna rogulu, mahilalu, pillalu mariyu minoritylu, veerandaroo tarachugaa praathamika samrakshananu pondadamlo addamkulanu edurkontaaru". idhi netikee unnappatikee, paina paerkonnatlugaa, adhika viniyogam mariyu adhika kharchuku sambandhinchina janabha mariyu vyavastha savaallanu ardham chesukovadaniki samrakshana andinche pradaesaanni parigananaloki teesukovadam chaalaa mukhyam. provider mariyu umbularatory soukaryam korata unna graameena samajalalo, saadhaarana parignaanam unna praathamika samrakshana vaidyudu (pisipi) janaabhaaku aarogya samrakshanaku ekaika vanarugaa unde avakaasam undhi, endukante nipunulu mariyu itara aarogya vanarulu saadhaaranamgaa andubaatulo undavu endukante eee praantaalalo nidhulu lekapovadam mariyu seva cheyalane korika kaaranamgaa. phalitamgaa, tagina provider dwara nirvahinchabadana sanklishtamaina saha-anaarogyaala sambhavam adhvaannamaina aarogya phalitaalaku daariteestundi mariyu chivariki graameena samaajaalaku minchi vistarinche khareedaina samrakshanaku daariteestundi. saadhaaranamgaa chaalaa vaerugaa unnappatikee, graameena praantaallooni psipilu tama samajam yokka sanklishta avasaralanu samagramgaa teerchadaaniki, janabha aarogyaanni meruguparachadaaniki mariyu aarogya phalitaalanu meruguparachadaaniki mariyu nivaarinchagala anaarogyaalaku edd viniyogaanni tagginchadaaniki telemedicine vanti vyuuhaalanu amalu cheyadaaniki pedda aarogya vyavasthalatho bhagaswamyam cheyali. (chudandi graameena aarogyam.)
pattana.
pratyamnaayamgaa, pattana praantaallo atyavasara vaidyamlo vaidyulu, vaidya sahayakulu, narsu praaktiishanarlu mariyu registered narsulatho sahaa vividha provider groupulu untaayi, ivi rogula avasaralanu teerchadaaniki inpatient mariyu out patient soukaryaalalo nipunulatoe samanvayam chestaayi, marinta pratyaekamgaa editionloo. anni vyavasthalaku, nidhula muulamtoe sambandham lekunda, chellimpu saamardhyamtho sambandham lekunda, vibhaagamlo hajarayye evarikainaa vaidya pareeksha nirvahinchaalani emtala aadesistundi. laabhaapekshaleni aasupatrulu mariyu aarogya vyavasthalu-aca dwara avasaramaina vidhamgaa-beema cheyani rogulaku sahetukamaina raetlu vasoolu cheyadam dwara mariyu asaadhaarana sekarana paddhatulanu nivaarinchadam dwara aardhika sahaayaaniki arhata unnavaaru daanini pondela churukuga chusukovadam dwara swachchanda samrakshana yokka nirdishta parimitini andinchaali."parimitulu unnappatikee, eee aadesam avasaramaina chaalaa mandiki maddatunu andistundi. vidhaanaparamaina prayatnaalu, pattana praantaallo nidhula perugudala, samakhya tirigi chellimpu unnappatikee, moodu lakshyalu (roogi anubhavanni meruguparachadam, janabha aarogyaanni penchadam, talasari samrakshana kharchunu tagginchadam) providerlu, chellimpudaarula sahakaram lekunda oka savaluga migilipoyayi. phalitamgaa, atyavasara vaidya sevalu pattana mariyu graameena praantaallo takshana pramaadaalaku matrame upayogapadatayani chaalaa mandhi nipunulu abhiprayapaddaru.
roogi-provider sambandhaalu.
paina paerkonnatlugaa, emtalalo taginanta sthireekaranaku mundu rogulanu tippipokunda ledhaa badilee cheyakunda rakshinche nibandhanalu untaayi. rogini sampradinchina tarvaata, chellinche saamarthyaanni parigananaloki teesukokunda roogi paristhitini nirdhaarinchadam mariyu sthireekarinchadam ems providerla baadhyata. prii-hospital nepadhyamlo, ravana kosam tagina aasupatrini enchukovadamlo providerlu tagina teerpunu ivvali. vachhe ambulensulu daari mallinchi, taginanta samrakshananu andinchalekapothe matrame aasupatrulu vaatini aapiveyagalavu. ayithe, okasari roogi aasupatri aastiki cherukunna tarvaata, samrakshana andinchaali. aasupatrilo, oka triage narsu modata rogini sampradistundi, athanu avasaramaina samrakshana yokka tagina sthaayini nirnayistaadu.
meed vii." prakaram. vaarasatva aarogya vyavastha, "roogi-vaidyudi sambandham" "roogi samrakshanaku sambandhinchi vaidyudu saanukuula charya teesukunnappudu sthaapinchabadutundi. atuvanti sambandhaanni praarambhinchadam anedi oka chattaparamaina oppandaanni yerparustundi, dheenilo vaidyudu chikitsanu andinchadam konasaaginchaali ledhaa sambandhaanni taginantagaa muginchaali. eee chattaparamaina baadhyata neerugaa rogini sampradinchakundaa kooda vaidyula sampradimpulu mariyu coll chese vaidyulaku vistarinchavacchu. atyavasara vaidyamlo, sthireekaranaku mundu ledhaa maroka arhata kaligina providerku appaginchakundaa roogi-provider sambandhaanni raddu cheyadam parityaagam gaa pariganinchabadutundi. bayati badileeni praarambhinchadaaniki, tadupari aasupatri ilanti ledhaa unnata sthaayi samrakshananu andinchagaladani vaidyudu dhruveekarinchaali. badilee prakriya valla roogi paristhiti marinta digajarakunda aasupatrulu mariyu vaidyulu kooda chusukovali.
atyavasara aushadham yokka amarika adhika naanhyata, roogi-kendrikruta samrakshananu andinchadaaniki oka savaalunu andistundi. sabdam, tarachugaa antaraayaalu mariyu adhika roogi turnover kaaranamgaa spashtamaina, samarthavanthamaina communication mukhyamgaa kashtamgaa untundi. society pharr academic emergency medicine roogi-vaidyula communication kosam aidu mukhyamaina panulanu gurtinchindihi anubandhaanni yerparachukovadam, samacharanni sekarinchadam, samacharam ivvadam, soukaryaanni andinchadam mariyu sahakaram. roogi samacharam yokka tappudu samachara marpidi anedi vaidya lopaniki keelakamaina muulam; samachara maarpidilo lopaalanu tagginchadam anedi prastuta mariyu bhavishyat parisoedhanaku sambandhinchina amsamgaa migilipoyindi.
vaidyaparamaina porapaatu.
atyavasara chikitsalo rogulanu kramam tappakunda badilee cheyadam mariyu raddiigaa, dhwaninche mariyu astavyastamaina vaataavaranaalatoe sahaa aneka paristhitulu, atyavasara aushadhaanni mukhyamgaa vaidya lopam mariyu daadaapu tappipoyina paristhitulaku gurichestaayi. oka adhyayanam oka nirdishta vidya vibhaagamlo namodu cheyabadina 100 mandhi rogulaku 18 doshaala retunu gurtinchindi. maroka adhyayanam jattu pani lekapovadam (i.ii. paelavamaina communication, jattu nirmaanam lekapovadam, cross monitoring lekapovadam) oka nirdishta vaidya lopam sanghatanalo chikkukundi, "prati kesuku sagatuna 8.8 jattukrushi vaiphalyaalu sambhavinchaayi [mariyu] sambhavinchina maranaalu mariyu shaashwata vaikalyalalo sagaaniki paiga nivaarinchadaginavigaa nirnayinchabaddaayi."pratyeka saamskrutika (i.ii. "itarula tappulapai drushti pettadam mariyu 'ninda mariyu siggupadatam' samskruti) mariyu nirmaanaatmaka (i.ii. praamaaneekarana lekapovadam mariyu parikaraala ananukuulatalu) atyavasara aushadham yokka amsaalu tarachugaa vaidya lopam bahirgatam cheyakapovadam mariyu rogulu mariyu itara samrakshakulaku dadapuga tappipovadaaniki daariteestaayi. vaidya lopaalanu bahirgatam cheyakapovadaniki dushpravartana baadhyata gurinchi aandolanalu oka kaaranam ayinappatikee, lopaanni bahirgatam cheyadam mariyu kshamaapana cheppadam valla dushpravartana pramaadaanni tagginchavacchani kondaru paerkonnaaru. haani kaliginche vaidya lopaanni bahirgatam cheyadam samrakshana pradaata yokka kartavyam anie neetivettalu ekapakshamgaa angeekaristunnaaru. bahirgatam yokka klishtamaina bhagalalo "nijayiti, vivarana, saanubhooti, kshamaapana mariyu bhavishyat lopaala avakaasaanni tagginche avakaasam" (ghnaapakasakti heal dwara suuchimchabadutumdi) unnaayi. atyavasara aushadham yokka swabhaavam emitante, lopam ellappuduu atyavasara samrakshanaku gananeeyamaina pramaadamgaa untundi. ayithe, haanikaramaina lopam gurinchi bahirangamgaa matladatam dwara prajala vishwaasaanni konasaginchadam valla rogulu mariyu vaidyulu samasyalu sambhavinchinappudu nirmanatmakamga parishkarinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi.
chikitsalu.
atyavasara vaidyam anedi aarogya samrakshana vyavasthanu upayoginchaalsina rogulaku praathamika ledhaa modati-sampradimpu samrakshana kendram. atyavasara vaidyamlo nipunulu teevramaina anaaroogyam nirdhaarana mariyu punarujjeevanamlo pratyeka naipunhyaalanu kaligi undaali. teevramaina anaaroogyam mariyu gayalaku pratispandanagaa vayojana mariyu pediatric rogulaku takshana gurtimpu, moolyaankanam, samrakshana mariyu sthireekarananu andinchadaaniki atyavasara vaidyulu baadhyata vahistaaru.
sikshana.
atyavasara vaidya sikshana kosam vividha rakaala antarjaateeya namuunaalu unnaayi. baga abhivruddhi chendina sikshanaa karyakramalu unnavaarilo rendu ververu namuunaalu unnaih oka "specialist" namuunaa ledhaa "multidisciplinary namuunaa". adanamgaa, konni deshaalalo, atyavasara vaidya nipunudu ambulancelo prayaanistaaru. udaaharanaku, france mariyu germanylalo, vaidyudu, tarachugaa anaesthesiologist, ambulancelo prayaaninchi, sanghatana sthalamlo sthireekarana samrakshananu andistaadu. rogini tagina aasupatri vibhaagaaniki pamputaaru, kabatti atyavasara samrakshana anedi aanglo-american namuunaa kante chaalaa ekkuva bahula vibhagalu kaligi untundi.
us, united kingdom, kenada mariyu australia vanti deshaalalo, vaidya sibbandi mariyu atyavasara vaidya saanketika nipunula sibbandi ambulancelu aasupatri velupala atyavasara paristhitulaku pratispandistaayi mariyu rogulanu atyavasara vibhaagaalaku ravana chestaayi, antey eee aarogya samrakshana pradaatalapai ekkuva aadharapadatam mariyu drushya samrakshana kosam vaidya sibbandi mariyu emtlapai ekkuva aadharapadatam undhi. anduvalla rogulandarinee atyavasara vibhaagaaniki teesukuveltaaru kabatti atyavasara vaidyulu marinta "nipunulu". chaalaa abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalu aanglo-american namuunaanu anusaristaayih atyavasara vaidyamlo moodu ledhaa naalugu samvatsaraala swatantra nivaasa sikshana karyakramalu bangaaru pramaanam. konni deshaalu adanapu atyavasara vaidya shikshanhato praathamika samrakshana punaadi aadhaaramgaa sikshanaa kaaryakramaalanu abhivruddhi chestaayi. abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalalo, paaschaatya namuunaalu vartinchakapovachhu mariyu parimita aarogya samrakshana vanarulanu uttamamgaa upayoginchakapovachhu anae avagahana undhi. udaaharanaku, abhivruddhi chendina deshaalalo pratyeka sikshana mariyu prii-hospital cair chaalaa khareedainavi mariyu parimita aarogya samrakshana vanarulu unna aneka abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalalo upayoginchadaaniki asaadhyamainavi. antarjaateeya atyavasara vaidyam eee rangaalalo merugudala kosam oka klishtamaina prapancha drukpathaanni mariyu aasanu andistundi.
eee karyakramalalo konninti sankshipta sameeksha krinda ivvabadindi
argentine.
argentinalo, saay (socidad argentine dii emergensias) anedi atyavasara vaidyamlo pramukha samstha. aneka nivaasa karyakramalu unnaayi. alaage, konni samvatsaraala edd nepathyam tarvaata rendu samvatsaraala post graduate vishwavidyaalaya korsutho dhruvikaranaku cherukovadam saadhyamavutundi.
australia mariyu newzealand.
australia mariyu nyoojilaandlo atyavasara vaidyaaniki baadhyata vahinche specialist medical college anedi atyavasara vaidyaaniki sambandhinchina australian college (asm). sikshanaa karyakramam namamatramga edu samvatsaraala vyavadhi kaligi untundi, aaa taruvaata shikshanaarthiki avasaramaina anni madimpulalo uttiirnata saadhinchinappudu sharatulatho kuudina ekem pheloshipnu pradaanam chestaaru.
pediatric medicine (raayal australian college off physicians thoo kalipi) mariyu intensive cair medicine (college off intensive cair medicine thoo kalipi) kosam kooda dual phelowship karyakramalu unnaayi. eee karyakramalu namamatramga asm sikshanaa kaaryakramaaniki okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva samvatsaraalu jodistaayi.
atyavasara vaidyamlo nipunulu kaani (mariyu kaavaalanukoni) vaidya vaidyulaku, conny atyavasara vibhagalalo gananeeyamaina aasakti ledhaa panibharam unnavaariki, asm specialist kaani dhruvapatraalu mariyu diplomalanu andistundi.
australian college off rural und remot medicine (acrrm) anedi graameena mariyu maarumuula vaidya samrakshana sadhana mariyu erpaatu kosam pramaanaala sikshana mariyu samarthinchadaaniki baadhyatagala samstha. eee naalugu samvatsaraala phelowship karyakramanni chepatte kaboye graameena generalsku atyavasara vaidyamlo adhunaatana pratyeka sikshana (esty) puurti chese avakaasam undhi.
belgium.
belgiumlo atyavasara vaidyaanni abhyasinchadaaniki moodu gurtimpu pondina margalu unnaayi. 2005 varaku gurtimpu pondina atyavasara vaidya karyakramam ledhu. atyavasara vaidyamlo supra-speciality shikshanhato ledhaa lekunda saadhaarana vaidyulu (240 gantala course, teevramaina aushadham anusarinchinavaaru) ledhaa nipunulu (sarjan, antargata aushadham, neurologist, anaesthesiologist) atyavasara vaidyamlo supra-speciality shikshanhato ledhaa lekunda atyavasara vaidyaanni nirvahinchaaru.
2005 nundi teevramaina vaidyam (3 samvatsaraalu) ledhaa atyavasara vaidyam (6 samvatsaraalu) kosam nivaasa sikshana undhi. sikshanalo kaneesam 50 saatam atyavasara vibhaagamlo untundi; maroka bhaagam pediatrics, shastrachikitsa, keella shastrachikitsa, anaestheology mariyu klishtamaina samrakshana aushadham vanti vibhagala madhya marpidi.
pratyamnaayamgaa, eee krindi pratyekatalalo okadaanitoe (anaestheology, internal medicine, cardiology, gastro-enteorology, numology, rheumatology, eurology, general surgery, plaastik & punarnirmaana shastrachikitsa, keella shastrachikitsa, neurology, neurosurgery, pediatrics) hajarayye vaidyudu atyavasara vaidya nipunudigaa maaradaaniki rendu samvatsaraala supra-speciality prograamnu anusarinchavacchu.
brazil.
brazillo, mottamodati atyavasara vaidya nivaasa karyakramam 1996loe hospital pronto sokoro dii porto alegrelo srushtinchabadindi. 2002loe, french ems nundi prerana pondina samu (sarviko dii attendimento mowell dii irshensia) srushtitoe atyavasara vaidya sevalu jaateeyamgaa praamaaneekarinchabaddaayi, idhi daani udyogulaku sikshananu kooda andistundi. national emergency medicina association (abramed-associaco brasilera dii medicina dii emergencia) 2007loe srushtinchabadindi. 2008loe rendava residency karyakramam fortalezaloni messejana aasupatrilo praarambhinchabadindi. appudu, 2015loe, brazilian medical association atyavasara vaidyaanni vaidya pratyaekatanu adhikarikamga gurtinchindi. adhikaarika gurtimpu taruvaata, desavyaaptamgaa bahula nivaasa karyakramalu srushtinchabaddaayi (udhaa.zii. 2016loe universidade federal dii minas geroys mariyu 2017loe universidade dii saavo paalo). residencylo anni atyavasara vibhaga pratyekatalalo shikshanhato kuudina moodu samvatsaraala karyakramam untundi (antey.ii. antargata vaidyam, shastrachikitsa, pediatrics, orthopedics, obi/gaine), ems mariyu intensive cair.
chilly.
chileelo, emergency medicine 1990la praarambhamlo chilly vishwavidyaalayam mariyu chileelooni santiago vishwavidhyaalayamlo modati pratyeka kaaryakramamtho chileelo thana prayaanaanni praarambhistundi. prastutam, idhi 2013 nundi aarogya mantritva saakha chattabaddhamgaa gurtinchina praadhamika pratyekata. idhi nipunula kosam bahula sikshanaa kaaryakramaalanu kaligi undhi, mukhyamgaa chilly vishwavidyaalayam, chilly yokka pontifical catholic vishwavidyaalayam, clinica alemana-universidad dell desarolo, shaan sebastian vishwavidyaalayam-myuu mariyu chilly yokka santiago vishwavidyaalayam (ush). prastutam, mariyu dhesha sthaayilo pratyaekatanu balopetam cheyalane uddesyamto, foamed karyakramalu udbhavinchaayi (atyavasara vaidyamlo uchita open access vaidya vidya) mariyu universidad shaan sebastian/myuu, universidad katalika dii chilly mariyu universidad dii chilly kaaryakramaalanu okachota cherche #chileem chorava, pramukha sikshanaa kaaryakramaala madhya ummadi clinical samavesalanu nirvahinchaalani bhavistondi, kramam tappakunda mariyu atyavasara rangamlo panichese anni aarogya brundaalaku terichi untundi. ippatike sikshana pondina nipunulu chillion society off emergency medicine (sochimu) loe samuuham cheyabaddaaru.
kenada.
atyavasara vaidya dhruvikaranaku rendu maargaalanu eee krindi vidhamgaa sangrahinchavachhuh
sii. sii. eff. pii. (ii. emm) atyavasara vaidyulu eff. aarr. sii. pii. (ii. emm) vaidyula kante 3 nundi 1 nishpattilo ekkuvagaa unnaaru, mariyu vaaru bodhana mariyu parisoedhana vanti vidya karyakalapalapai swalpa drushti saarinchi pradhanamgaa vaidyulugaa panicheestaaru. frcp (emm) atyavasara vaidya boardu nipunulu vidya kendraalalo samavesamavutaru mariyu paripalana, parisoedhana, klishtamaina samrakshana, vipattu vaidyam mariyu bodhananu nokki cheppe marinta vidya aadhaarita vruttini kaligi untaaru. vaaru toxicology, critical cair, pediatric emergency medicine mariyu sports medicinlalo kooda upa-pratyekata kaligi untaaru. antekakunda, frcp (emm) nivaasa kaalam eee praantaalalo adhikaarika sikshana kosam ekkuva samayanni anumatistundi.
vaidya sahayakulu prastutam kenadaalo atyavasara vaidya rangamlo practies chestunnaru.
chaina.
chainaalo prastuta post-graduate atyavasara vaidya sikshana prakriya chaalaa sanklishtamgaa undhi. modati post graduate sikshana 1984loe pecking union vaidya kalaasaala aasupatrilo jarigindi. emm loe pratyeka dhruvikarana sthaapinchabadaledu kabatti, chainaalo atyavasara vaidyaanni abhyasinchadaaniki adhikaarika sikshana avasaram ledhu.
sumaru oka dasaabdam kritam, prajaarogya mantritva saakha maargadarsakaalanu anusarinchi, atyavasara vaidya nivaasa sikshana purapalaka sthaayilalo kendreekrutam cheyabadindi. anni aasupatrulalo nivaasa kaaryakramaalanu nivaasa sikshanaa sthaavaraalu anie pilustaaru, veetini sthaanika aarogya prabhutvaalu aamodinchaali. eee sthaavaraalu aasupatri aadhaaritamainavi, conny nivaasitulanu vaidya vidya yokka munisipal sanghaalu empika chesi nirvahistaayi. eee sanghaalu tama nivaasitula sikshanaa paatyaamsaalanu erpaatu chese adhikaarika samstha kooda. vaidyaanni abhyasinchaalanukune vaidya paatasaala graduatelandaroo nirneeta sikshanaa sthaavaraalalo aidella residency sikshana pondaali, modati moodu samvatsaraala saadhaarana rotation taruvaata maroe rendu samvatsaraala pratyeka-kendrikruta sikshana pondaali.
germany.
germanylo, atyavasara vaidyaanni pratyaekamaina ("fatcherge tricktung") gaa nirvahinchabadadu, conny yea licenses pondina vaidyudu ayina sambandhita "arjtecommer" (vaidyula licensing baadhyata kaligina vaidya sangham) paryavekshinche 80 gantala course dwara atyavasara vaidyamlo adanapu arhatanu pondavacchu. ambulance sevalo atyavasara vaidyudigaa seva cheyadam anedi anaestheology pratyeka sikshanalo bhaagam. atyavasara vaidyulu saadhaaranamgaa swachchandamgaa panicheestaaru mariyu tarachugaa anaesthesiologistlu conny yea rakamaina nipunulainaa kaavacchu. mukhyamgaa pediatric intensive kerlo pratyeka sikshana undhi.
bharatadesam.
kutumba vaidyam atyavasara vaidya sikshanaku elaa punaadi veyagalado cheppadaniki bharatadesam oka udaaharana. aneka private aasupatrulu mariyu samsthalu 1994 nundi vaidyulu, narsulu mariyu vaidyulaku atyavasara vaidya sikshananu andistunnaayi, dhruvikarana karyakramalu aaru nelala nundi moodu samvatsaraala varaku untaayi. ayithe, atyavasara vaidyaanni juulai 2009loe medical council off india pratyeka pratyaekatanu matrame gurtinchindi.
malaysia.
moodu vishwavidyaalayaalu (university sains malaysia, university kebangson malaysia mariyu university malaya) atyavasara vaidyamlo masters degreelanu andistaayi-clinical rotationlu, pareekshalu mariyu oka vyaasamtho naalugu samvatsaraala vyavadhilo post graduate sikshanaa karyakramalu. sthaanikamgaa sikshana pondina atyavasara vaidyula modati brundam 2002loe pattabhadrudayyaadu.
soudhi arabia.
soudhi arabialo, atyavasara vaidya dhruvikarana naalugu samvatsaraala soudhi board off emergency medicine (sbem) nuu teesukuntundi, idhi soudhi council aarogya pratyaekatalaku (scfhs) gurtimpu istundi. dheeniki rendu bhagala pareekshalo uttiirnata avasaramh doctorateku samaanamaina sbem certificate pondadaaniki modati mariyu chivari bhaagam (vraatapuurvaka mariyu moukhika).
switzerland.
vyavastheekruta teevramaina vaidya pratyekata (covid-19 vyaapti samayamlo) yokka praamukhyatanu iteevala grahinchina desamlo atyavasara vaidyam ippatikee puurti sthaayi pratyaekamainadigaa gurtinchabadaledu. eee pratyaekatanu nirvahinchadaaniki chesina aneka prayatnaala phalitamgaa upa nipunula sikshana maargam erpadindi, conny eee roeju varaku, antargata vaidyam, anaestheology mariyu shastrachikitsa ippatikee atyavasara vaidya nipunula birudunu vyatiraekistunnaayi.
united states.
chaalaa karyakramalu moodu samvatsaraala vyavadhi kaligi untaayi, conny konni karyakramalu naalugu samvatsaraala vyavadhi kaligi untaayi. kutumba vaidyam, antargata vaidyam mariyu pediatrics vanti itara kaaryakramaalato paatu aneka samyukta nivaasaalu andinchabadutunnaayi. atyavasara vaidya nivaasa karyakramalalo atyuttamamgaa undataaniki yuu. ess. prasiddhi chendindi, idhi pratyeka dhruvikarana gurinchi kontha vivaadaaniki daariteesindi.
atyavasara vaidyamlo boardu-certificate pondadaaniki moodu margalu unnaih
prii-hospital medicine (emergency medical services), international medicine, advanced resussitation, dharamsala mariyu polyative cair, research, under sea mariyu hyperbaric medicine, sports medicine, peyin medicine, ultrasound, pediatric emergency medicine, dijaster medicine, wilderness medicine, toxicology mariyu critical cair medicine vanti atyavasara vaidya pattabhadrulaku aneka abs phelowshiplu andubaatulo unnaayi.
iteevali samvatsaraalalo, sraamika shakti dayta atyavasara samrakshananu andinche praathamika samrakshana vaidyulaku adanapu sikshana avasaranni gurtinchadaaniki daariteesindi. idhi modati ganta atyavasara samrakshanhalo aneka anubandha sikshanaa kaaryakramaalaku mariyu atyavasara vaidyamlo kutumba vaidyulaku konni pheloshiplaku daariteesindi., mariyu atyavasara vaidyamlo kutumba vaidyulaku konni phelowshiplu.
sikshana kosam nidhulu.
"2010loe 157 allopati mariyu 37 osteopathic emergency medicine residency karyakramalu unnaayi, ivi prati samvatsaram sumaru 2,000 mandhi kotta nivaasitulanu samishtiga angeekaristaayi. nivaasitula atyavasara vaidyula paryaveekshanhaku haajaru kavadam anedi adhika naanhyata mariyu marinta kharchutho koodukunna abhyaasamtho sambandham kaligi untundani adhyayanalu choopinchaayi, pradhanamgaa atyavasara vaidya nivaasam unnappudu."vaidya vidyaku pradhanamgaa vaidya samrakshana karyakramam dwara nidhulu samakuurutaayi; prati nivaasiki aasupatrulaku chellimpulu ivvabadataayi. "yaabhai aidu saatam edd chellimpulu medicare nundi, padihenu saatam medicid nundi, aidu saatam private chellimpu nundi mariyu iravai aidu saatam vaanijya beema chesina rogula nundi vastaayi."ayithe, vaidyula pratyaekatala empikalu yea agency ledhaa karyakramam dwara tappanisari cheyabadavu, kabatti atyavasara vibhagalu chaalaa mandhi vaidya samrakshana/vaidya rogulanu chuusi, eee kaaryakramaala nundi sikshana kosam chaalaa nidhulu pondinappatikee, pratyeka sikshana pondina atyavasara vaidya pradaatala koratapai ippatikee aandolana undhi.
united kingdom.
united kingdamlo, raayal college off emergency medicine vruttiparamaina pramaanaalanu nirnayinchadamlo mariyu shikshanaarthulanu anchanaa veyadamlo paatra poeshistumdi. atyavasara vaidya shikshanaarthulu aidu ledhaa aaru samvatsaraala vaidya paatasaala taruvaata rendu samvatsaraala foundation sikshana tarvaata pratyeka shikshanhaloki pravesistaaru. pratyeka sikshana puurti kaavadaaniki aaru samvatsaraalu padutundi, mariyu madimpulalo vijayam mariyu aidu pareekshala samiti phalitamgaa raayal college off emergency medicine (frcm) phelowship avaardu labhistundi.
chaaritraatmakamgaa, anaesthesia, aushadham mariyu shastrachikitsa nundi atyavasara nipunulanu teesukunnaru. chaalaa mandhi sthirapadina emm consultantlaku shastrachikitsa dwara sikshana icchaaru; kondaru pramaadavasaattu mariyu atyavasara paristhitulalo edinberg yokka raayal college off sarjanla pheloshipnu kaligi unnaaru-frcs (eah & ii). atyavasara vaidyamlo sikshana pondinavaaru intensive cair medisinlo rettimpu gurtimpu pondavacchu ledhaa pediatric emergency medisinlo upa-specialisation pondavacchu.
turkey.
turkeylo atyavasara vaidya nivaasaalu naalugu samvatsaraalu untaayi. eee vaidyulu tama diploma pondadaaniki arhata pondadaaniki turkeylo rendu samvatsaraala tappanisari sevanu kaligi untaaru. eee kaalam taruvaata, nipunulu private ledhaa prabhutva atyavasara vibhagalalo panicheyadaaniki enchukovachhu.
pakistan.
pakistan vaidyula mariyu shastravaidyula kalaasaala 2010loe atyavasara vaidyamlo sikshanaku gurtimpu ichindi. paakistaanlo atyavasara vaidya sikshana aidella paatu konasaagutundi. prarambha rendu samvatsaraalalo shikshanaarthulanu moodu pradhana rangaalaku pamputaruh aushadham mariyu anubandha, shastrachikitsa mariyu anubandha mariyu klishtamaina samrakshana. idhi okkokkati aaru nelalugaa vibhajinchabadindi, modati rendu samvatsaraalalo migilina aaru nelalu atyavasara vibhaagamlo gaduputaaru. gatha moodu samvatsaraalalo, sikshana pondina nivaasitulu tama samayanni ekkuvagaa atyavasara gadilo senior residentlugaa gaduputunnaru. certificate courselalo acl, palls, als untaayi mariyu sikshananu vijayavantamgaa puurti cheyadaaniki parisoedhana mariyu vyasalu avasaram. aidella taruvaata, abhyardhulu eff. sii. pii. ess paart II pareekshaku kuurchoevadaaniki arhulu avutaaru. avasaranni teerchina taruvaata, vaaru atyavasara vaidyamlo pakistan vaidyulu mariyu sarjanla kalaasaalaku sabhyuluga maarataaru.
eee sikshananu andinche samsthalalo shifa international hospitals islamabad, aagaa khaan university hospital karachi, poff hospital vaah, laedii reeding hospital peshawar, indus hospital karachi mariyu jinna post graduate medical center karachi mariyu maayo hospital, lahore unnaayi.
iraan.
iraanlo modati residency karyakramam 2002loe iraan university off medical scienceslo praarambhamaindi, ippudu tehran, tabriz, mashad, isfahan mariyu konni itara vishwavidyaalayaalalo moodu samvatsaraala praamaanika residency karyakramalu nadustunnaayi. eee karyakramalanni emergency medicine speciality boardu kamitee paryaveekshanhaloo panicheestaayi. iraanlo ippudu 200 mandiki paiga (mariyu perugutunna) boardu-dhruveekarinchabadina atyavasara vaidyulu unnaaru.
naitika mariyu vaidyaparamaina samasyalu.
naitika mariyu vaidya-chattaparamaina samasyalu atyavasara vaidya swabhaavamlo ponduparachabaddaayi. atyavasara vibhaagamlo saamarthyam, jeevita samrakshana mugimpu mariyu samrakshananu tiraskarinche hakku chuttoo unna samasyalu pratiroojuu edurkontaayi. atyavasara vibhaagamlo perugutunna aatmahatya prayatnaalu mariyu sweeya-haani sankhyalu kanipistunnanduna, manasika aarogya chattam chuttoo unna naitika samasyalu mariyu chattaparamaina baadhyatalu perugutunna praamukhyata kaligi unnaayi. 2007 naati wooltarton kesu, dheenilo oka roogi adhika motaadu teesukunna tarvaata etuvanti jokyam kosam thana abhyardhananu paerkontuu oka nottho atyavasara vibhaagaaniki vacchaadu, idhi tarachugaa vaidyudi "haani cheyani" naitika baadhyata mariyu roogi yokka niraakarinche hakku madhya unna dwaipaakshikatanu highlight chestundi.

