semu

semu () anedi yuvan raajavamsam sthaapinchina kulam paeru. 31 semu vargaalu madhya mariyu paschima asea nundi vacchina vyaktulanu suuchistaayi. vaaru prabalamaina mangol kulam krinda ootu hakku pondadam dwara yuvan raajavamsaaniki seva cheyadaaniki vacchaaru. semu luu sweeya-nirvachinchabadina mariyu sajatiya jaathi samuuham kaadu, conny yuvan raajavamsamlooni naalugu kulaalalo okatih mangolu, semu (ledhaa semuren), hohn (chainees bhaashalo hanren, ledhaa maajee zin raajavamsam, dolly rajyam mariyu koreanla yokka anni vishayalu) mariyu dakshinaadi (chainees bhaashalo nanren, ledhaa maajee dakshina paatala raajavamsam yokka anni vishayalu; konnisaarlu manjee anie pilustaaru). semuulaloo bouddha turpan uigharlu, tanguts mariyu tibetanlu; ongud vanti nestorian kraistava tegalu; alance; khwarajmiyanlu mariyu karakhanidlatho sahaa muslim madhya asea turkic prajalu; paschima asea arab, yoodu, kraistavulu mariyu marinta paschimaaniki chendina itara chinna samuuhaalu unnaayi.
paeru.
chaineeyulu kaani mariyu chaineeyulu iddariloo prajaadarana pondina nammakaniki viruddhamgaa, "semu" anae padam (aksharala "rangu-kannu" gaa ardham) kula sabhyulaku "rangu kallu" unnayani soochinchaledu mariyu idhi label chesina vyaktula bhouthika vivarana kaadu. vaastavaaniki dheeni ardham "vargeekarinchina vargaalu" (Îl Îizil ̃, "gè sè míng mü"), idhi semu prajala jaathi vaividhyaanni nokki chebutundi.
vargeekarana.
31 semu vargaalu madhya mariyu paschima asea nundi vacchina vyaktulanu suuchistaayi. vaaru prabalamaina mangol kulam krinda ootu hakku pondadam dwara yuvan raajavamsaaniki seva cheyadaaniki vacchaaru. semu oka sweeya-nirvachinchabadina mariyu sajatiya jaathi samuuham kaadu, conny yuvan raajavamsamlooni naalugu kulaalalo okatih mangolu, semu (ledhaa semuren), hohn (chainees bhaashalo "hanren", ledhaa maajee zin raajavamsam, dolly rajyam mariyu koreanla yokka anni vishayalu) mariyu dakshinaadi (chainees bhaashalo "nanren", ledhaa maajee dakshina paatala raajavamsamlooni anni vishayalu; konnisaarlu manji anie pilustaaru). semuulaloo kocho, tanguts mariyu tibetanlaku chendina bouddha turpan uigharlu; ongud vanti nestorian kraistava tegalu; alance; muslim madhya asea pertian mariyu khwarajmiyanlu mariyu karakhanidlatho sahaa turkic prajalu; paschima asea yoodu mariyu marinta airopaku chendina itara chinna samuuhaalu unnaayi.
mangol saamrajyamlo islam matam uygharla matam kaadu. uyghar bhuubhaagam muslimlu nivasinchedi kaadu, muslim bhuubhaagaalu daani paschimaana unnaayi. vaaru thoorpu charchi, manichaijam mariyu bouddhamatamlo sabhyuluga unnaaru, mangol kaalaaniki bouddhulu mariyu kraistavulu manichiyanlanu vileenam chesukunnaru mariyu bouddha mataachaaryulu tama sonta janabhalo mangol-upaadhi pondina vidyaavantula vibhaagamlo aadhipatyam chelaayinchaaru. mahmud all-kashgari rachinchina 'turkic maandalikaala sankalanam', aviswaasulalo uygharlanu cherchindi. mullu daani moolamlo kattirinchinatle, uyghar kantiki kottali" anie kashgari vrasadu, athanu vaarini nammadagani vaaruga bhaavinchi, muslim turklu bouddha uygharlaku vyatiraekamgaa "taath" anae avamaanakaramaina paerunu upayoginchaarani paerkonnaadu, vaarini kashgari "aviswaasulu" anie abhivarninchaaru. bouddha" mariyu "uighar" gurtimpulu okadaanitoe okati mudipadi unnaayi.
paripalanaparamga semugaa vargeekarinchabadinappatiki, eee samoohaalalo chaalaa varaku, uigharlu vanti rojuvaaree jeevitamlo vaari sweeya-avagahana jaathi gurtimpula dwara tamanu taamu suuchimchukumtaayi. mukhyamgaa muslimlu, pertianlu, karakhanidlu mariyu khwarajmiyanlu vaastavaaniki uigharlu ledhaa kaneesam "uigharla deshaaniki chendinavaaru" anie porapaatu chesaaru. anduvalla, vaaru chaineeyulu vaariki icchina lebulnu sweekarinchaaruh "huihui", idhi uyghar anae paerunu apabhramsam chesindi, conny adhe samayamlo bouddha turpan uygharlaku ketaayinchina paeru nundi vaeru cheyadaginadi, "weaver". yuvan samayamlo "semu" gaa vargeekarinchabadina aneka jaathi samoohaalalo, muslim huyy matrame ming kaalam varaku mottam chaina antataa vistarinchi unna ummadi gurtimpu gurinchi sweeya-avagaahanato pedda saamuuhika gurtimputoe manugada saaginchagaligaaru.
itara jaathi samuuhaalu chinnaviga undi, parimita praantaalaku parimitam cheyabaddaayi (wooling, hunan mariyu kaifeng yoodulalooni bouddha turpan uigharlu vantivi), ledhaa hohn chainees ledhaa muslim hyuus (vaayuvyamlo kontamandi kraistava mariyu yoodu semu vantivi, vaaru puurtigaa islaamik ayinappatikee, netikee "block cap/dopa huihui", "blue cap huihui" vanti vichitramaina lebullanu kaligi unnaaru) loki kalisipovalsi vachindi.
charitrakaarudu frederic doubleu. eee vyavasthaku "saamaajika vargaalu" anae padaanni upayoginchadam tappudova pattinchedani, naalugu-taragati vyavasthalooni prajala sthaanam vaari vaastava saamaajika shakti mariyu sampadaku suuchana kaadani, conny kevalam "hakkula sthaayilu" anie, daaniki vaaru samsthaagatamgaa mariyu chattabaddhamgaa arhulani mote raasaaru. anduvalla oka vyakti yokka "taragati" vaari saamaajika sthaanaaniki haamii kaadu, endukante manchi saamaajika hodaalo unna dhanavanthulaina chaineeyulu unnaaru, ayithe pedarikamlo nivasistunna chedugaa pariganinchabade mangolu mariyu semu kante takkuva dhanavanthulaina mangolu mariyu semu unnaaru.
taragatula kramam mariyu prajalanu oka nirdishta taragatilo unchadaaniki kaaranam vaaru mangolsku longipoyina thedhee, mariyu vaari jaatito etuvanti sambandham ledhu. vaaru entha mundugaane mangolsku longipothe, vaaru entha ekkuvagaa unchabadithe, antha ekkuvagaa unchabadithe, vaaru antha diguva sthaanamlo untaaru. dakshina chaina longipoye mundu chivari varaku poradi, thattukoleka povadamtho uttara chaineeyulu unnata sthaanamlo, dakshina chaineeyulu diguva sthaanamlo unnaaru. eee yugamlo pradhana vaanijyam private dakshina chaina tayaareedaarulu mariyu vyaapaarulaku anukuulamaina paristhitulaku daariteesindi.
mangolu koreanla meeda kochoku chendina uygharlanu unchinappudu, corian raaju abhyantaram vyaktam chesaadu, appudu mangol chakravarthy kubloy khaan corian raajunu mandalinchaadu, kochoku chendina raaju carlook karakhanid khaan kante ekkuva rank kaligi unnaadani, athanu chivari rank pondina corian raaju kante ekkuva rank pondaadani, endukante uygharlu modata mangolulaku longipoyaru, uygharla tarvaata kaarluklu longipoyaru, koreanlu chivaraku longipoyaru, mariyu uygharlu himsaatmakamgaa pratighatinchakundaa saantiyutamgaa longipoyaru. uttara chaineeyulatoo paatu koreanlu hohn prajalugaa rank pondaaru.
umatsu, sugiama mariyu morita vanti japanese charitrakaarulu mangol paalanalo naalugu taragati vyavastha unikilo undane abhiprayanni vimarsinchaaru mariyu phunada yoshiyuki oka taragatigaa semu unikini prasninchaadu.
yuvan raajavamsam "hohn prajalu" vargeekaranalo koreanlu, bohailu, jurchenlu mariyu khitanlu unnaaru, mariyu vaaru semu mariyu "hohn prajala" madhya antar vivaha ganankalalo cherchabaddaaru. semu mariyu hohn mangols thoo vivaham chesukunnaru.haluhu (<unk>) semu yuvan paalanalo koreanlu, uygharlu tangue, mangolu mariyu hohn lanu vivaham chesukunnaru. tibeton, kincha, uyghar, huyy huyy mariyu hohn yuvan raajavamsam samayamlo corian mahilalatho vivaham chesukunnaru.
corian mahilalu bharatiya, uyghar, turkic semu purushulanu vivaham chesukunnaru. corian mahilalu mariyu semu purushula eee antar vivaham yuvan raajavamsam samayamlo chainaalo vistrutamgaa jarigindi.
madurai sultanet nundi vacchina oka dhanavanthudaina vyapari, abu allie (pahali) (ledhaa braun buher), madurai raaja kutumbamtho sannihitamgaa sambandham kaligi unnadu. vaaritho vibhedinchina taruvaata, athanu yuvan raajavamsam chainaku velli, corian mahilanu thana bharyaga mariyu mangol chakravarthy nundi udyogam pondaadu, aaa mahila gatamlo shu sangha bhaarya mariyu aame tandri shun changeyol off goreo paalanalo shun chaay inn 'gyu, idhi dongku tanggam, goriosa mariyu shun liu mengyan yokka shun jhang' aanjeelo namodu cheyabadindi. <unk> sangha oka tibeton. yuvan raajavamsam kaalamlo tamila hinduu bharatiya vyaapaarulu quanzoulo vyaparam chesevaaru. eee kaalaaniki chendina bharatiya hinduu vigrahalu quanzoulo kanugonabaddayi. corian (corio) mahilala andaanni ming jhengde chakravarthy muslim salahaadaaru entho prasamsimchaaru mariyu chuusaaru.
jipseelanu luvoli huihui anie pilicheevaaru. pertian muulaaniki chendina luri anae padam nundi luvoli udbhavinchindi.
juhu huihui anedi yoodulaku oka paeru.
vamsam.
huihui ledhaa hui madhya, vaastavaaniki muslim vaarasulu madhya asea dwara ledhaa samudra maargam dwara chainaku valasa vacchaaru, muslim prapancham nundi chainaku vyaapaarulu, saahasikulu, hastakalaakaarulu mariyu sevakula yuvan valasalaku mundu. eee muslimlanu gatamlo huyy anie pilavaledu, conny kevalam saadhaarana mataparamaina gurtimpu yokka vaastavam dwara "khwarezem deshaaniki chendina muslimlatoe" tamanu taamu anubandhinchukovadaaniki vacchaaru. "huyy" ming kaalam nundi chainees bhaashalo islaamik mataaniki paryaayapadamgaa maarindi (conny antaku mundu kaadu). tamanu taamu huisga gurtinchukovadamto paatu, yunnan yokka semu muslimlu, mukhyamgaa khwarajmian raajaneetignudu ajal shams all-dhin omar nundi vacchina vaaru mayanmar mariyu thaylandtho sahaa agneyasialo valasa vacchina chota vaaru panthelu anie piluvabaddaru.
eee paeru panthe anedi yunnan hyuusku pratyekamainadi mariyu chainaalooni fujian mariyu ningxia vanti itara praantaalalo hyuus dwara panchukobadadu. jeng hay bahusha paschimaana atyanta prasiddha pantay huyy. mangol sainika taragatiki seva chesina rachayitalu, vyaakhyaatalu mariyu raajaneetignulato sahaa vidyaavantulaina vaaru chainees saahityam mariyu vignaana saastraalaku chesina krushiki prasiddhi chendaaru. vaarilo chaalaa mandhi chainees kavitvamlo praaveenyam pondaaru mariyu munupati raajavamsaalapai prabhutvam niyaminchina chaaritraka rachanalanu rachinchadaaniki kooda sahayapaddaru. yuvan bureaucracylo vaari pratyeka sthaanam kontavaraku mangol sainika vargaaniki sthaanika khite, manjee prajalapai unna apanamakam kaaranamgaa undhi. atuvanti yuvan semu manderine mariyu kavi vivaadaaspada muulaaniki chendina turk ayina gwan yunshi.
sainikulu.
yuvan patanam taruvaata, mangols patla vaari vidheyata takkuvagaa undatam valla chaalaa mandhi ardha medhaavulu mariyu sainikulu kooda twaragaa ming raajakeeya samskrutilo kalisipoyi pramukha maandarinlu mariyu kuleenulugaa maararu. kondaru ikapai pratyeka jaathi gurtimpunu konasaginchaka hohn chainees ayyaru, marikondaru ippatikee ming aasthaanamlo muslim huisga panicheesaaru. kraistavulu mariyu yoodula vanti itara semu samuuhaalatoe poliste, viswasaneeya muslimla patla ming kortu sahanam mariyu vaari acharalu mariyu jaathi gurtimpunu gowravinchadam aadhunika chainaalooni muslim huyy samajam yokka balam mariyu saktini paakshikamgaa vivaristundi.
mangol saamraajyamloni itara praantaalalo ilanti paddhatulu undevi.
bukhara mariyu samarkand lanu kyuu chuji sandarsinchaaru. adhe samayamlo mangolu chainaalo nirvahakulugaa panicheyadaaniki madhya asea muslimlanu digumati chesukunnaru, mangolu madhya aasiyaaloni bukhara mariyu samarkandloni muslim janabhapai nirvahakulugaa panicheyadaaniki chaina nundi jaathi hohn mariyu khitanlanu kooda pampaaru, rendu deshaalalo sthaanika prajala adhikaranni tagginchadaaniki vidaeseeyulanu upayoginchaaru. lii intiperunu hohn santatiki chendina yaelu ahoy yokka sibbandilo okaru kaligi unnaaru. vividha hohn hastakalaakaarulu undevaaru. tangut, khitan, hohn prajalu muslimla nundi thotalu, polaalanu swaadheenam chesukunnaru. hohn prajalanu mangolu besh baalik, almalic, samarkand vanti madhya asea praantaalaku taralinchi, akkada vaaru chetivruttulavaaru, raitulugaa panicheesaaru. rait alan gaard" anae oka vibhaagamto mangol dalaalloki alaanlanu niyaminchaaru, idhi maajee raajyamaina kocho praantamloo nilipina "iteevala longipoyina" sainikulu, mangolu mariyu hohn sainikulatoe kalipi, besh baalikhlo mangolu hohn general kii kangji (chii kung-chih) netrutvamlo oka sainika kaalaneeni sthaapinchaaru.
chenghi khaan mangolnu jayinchina taruvaata, samarkand thotalu mariyu polaallo hohn mariyu khitanlato paatu vidaeseeyulanu nirvaahakulu mariyu saha-nirvahakulugaa empika chesaaru. vaaru lekunda muslimlu nirvahinchadaaniki anumatinchabadaledu.
mangol niyaminchina samarkand governor ayina ahoy, taishi anae birudunu kaligi unna kaaraa-khitay (khitan). aayanaku hohn samskruti gurinchi baga telusu.
halal jantuvulanu vadhinchadam mariyu islaamik praarthana acharala prakshaalananu nishedhinche islaamik sharia chattaniki vyatiraekamgaa mangol yaasa chattanni chagathay khaan khachitamgaa amalu chesinanduna muslimlu chagathay khaannu pratikuulata mariyu satrutvamto chuusaaru. chuusaaru chagathay khaan kuu vishaprayogam chesi champesadani uyghar stevard wazir paie athani bhaarya isulun aaropinchindi.
jaathi hohn adhikarulu mariyu valasavaadulanu yuvan raajavamsam lingby provins (mariyu) praantaalaku pampindi.
1258 baghdad muttadilo oka jaathi hohn adhikari palgonnaru. eurasia yokka prati chivarana vaari nipunulu mangols krinda maroka chivarana taralinchabaddaaru. yenise praantamloo hohn muulaaniki chendina chenetha kaarmikula sangham undedi, samarkand mariyu bayati mangolia rendintiloonuu hohn muulaaniki chendina chetivruttulavaaru undevaaru, veerini kyuu chuji chusevadu.
vivaksha.
yuvan raajavamsam.
chenghi khaan, taruvaati yuvan chakravartulu halal kasai vanti islaamik paddhatulanu nishedhinchaaru, muslimlapai jantuvulanu kasai chese mangol paddhatulanu balavantam chesaaru, itara nirbandha sthaayilu konasagayi. muslimlu gorrelanu rahasyamgaa vadhinchaalsi vachedi. chenghi khaan neerugaa muslimlu, yoodulanu "baanisalu" anie pilichi, vaaru halal paddhatini kakunda mangol paddhatini anusarinchaalani demand chesaaru. sunnati kooda nishedhinchabadindi. yoodulu kooda prabhaavitamayyaaru, kosher tinadaanni mangolu nishedhinchaaru. chivariki, avineeti mariyu himsa entha teevramgaa maarithe, muslim generals mangolsku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu cheyadamlo hohn chaineeyulatoo cheraaru. ming vyavasthaapakudu jhu yuwanjang, mangolsku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu chesi vaarini yuddhamlo oodinchina laan yuu vanti muslim sainikadhikarulanu kaligi unnadu. konni muslim samaajaalaku chainees bhaashalo "barrox" anie ardham, "dhanyavaadaalu" anie kooda ardham, mangolsnu padagottadamlo vaaru mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchaarani, vaariki sahayam chesinanduku hohn chaineeyulu krutagnatalu teluputuu dheeniki paeru pettaarani chaalaa mandhi huyy muslimlu paerkonnaaru.
semu taragatiloni muslimlu kooda ispa tirugubaatulo yuvan raajavamsaaniki vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu chesaaru, conny tirugubaatu anachiveyabadindi mariyu yuvan vidheya commander chenn uding muslimlanu oochakotha koshadu. oochakotha taruvaata, migilina yoodulu mariyu muslimlu tappinchukunnaaru. kondaru tama sonta deshaaniki tirigi vacchaaru, conny yoodula vanti kondaru gwangdangku paaripoyaaru.
yuvan raajavamsam mariyu ispah tirugubaatu dwara muslim vyatiraeka himsa.
yuvan raajavamsam muslim vyatiraeka, semu vyatiraeka chattalanu aamodinchadam praarambhinchindi, aamodinchindi yuvan raajavamsam mugimpulo semu muslim hakkulanu tolaginchadam praarambhinchindi, vivaha nibandanalalo confucian suutraalanu anusarinchamani vaarini balavantam chesindi, vachindi muslimlatoe sahaa videshee pavitra purushulandarikee pannu minahaayimpulu raddu cheyabaddaayi, ledhu muslim khaadii sthaanam adhipatulu) daani adhikaralu parimitam ayina taruvaata raddu cheyabadindi. 14va sataabdam madhyalo idhi muslimlu mangol yuvan palanaku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu cheyadam, tirugubaatu samoohaalalo cheradam praarambhinchadaaniki kaaranamaindi. 1357-1367 loe yisiboxy muslim pertian dalam kwanjou mariyu dakshina fujianlo yuvan raajavamsaaniki vyatiraekamgaa ispah tirugubaatunu praarambhinchindi. pertian vyaapaarulu ameen udh-dhin (amiliding) mariyu saif udh-dhin (sifooding) tirugubaatuku naayakatvam vahinchaaru. pertian adhikari yavuna rendintinee ameen udh-dhin mariyu saif udh-dhin iddarinee hatya chesi muslim tirugubaatu dalaalanu swaadheenam chesukunnadu. muslim tirugubaatudaarulu uttaraana daadi cheyadaaniki prayatninchaaru mariyu jinguvaaloni konni praantaalanu swaadheenam chesukunnaru, conny fuzou vadda rendusaarlu odipoyi daanini swaadheenam chesukovadamlo viphalamayyaru. viphalamayyaru zin zee anae muslim tirugubaatu adhikari yavuna nundi vaidoligina taruvaata fuzou nundi yuvan praantiiya vidheya dalaalu muslim tirugubaatudaarulanu oodinchaayi.
samudra vaanijyamlo nimagnamaina kwaanjhoulooni muslim vyaapaarulu vaari kutumbaalanu susampannam chesaaru, idhi vaari raajakeeya mariyu vaanijya karyakalapalanu kutumbaluga kaligi undhi. yuvan raajavamsam chivarilo muslim mariyu semu sampadaku vyatiraekamgaa jarigina himsaatmaka chainees edurudebbanu charitrakaarulu anivaaryamaina vishayamgaa chuustaaru, ayithe muslim vyatiraeka mariyu semu vyatiraeka chattalanu yuvan raajavamsam appatike aamodinchindi. aamodinchindi anni vivahalu confucian niyamaalanu anusarinchaalsi vachindi, vachindi muslimlatoe sahaa videshee pavitra purushulu mariyu mataachaaryulandarikii pannu nundi minahaayimpu ledhu, ledhu khaadii (muslim adhipatulu) adhipatulu) parimitam cheyabadina taruvaata raddu cheyabaddaayi. dheeni phalitamgaa muslimlalo mangola vyatiraeka bhavalu erpaddaayi, kabatti 14va sataabdam madhyalo kontamandi mangola vyatiraeka tirugubaatudaarulu muslimlatoe cheraaru. hanafi dakshina fujian mariyu kwanjouloni 1357-1367 nundi mangolsku vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu chesina iddaru pertian sainika adhikarulu, udh-dhin (amiliding) mariyu saif udh-dhin (sifooding) madhya kwanjou niyantranaloki vacchaaru, vaaru 5 samvatsaraalu fuzou mariyu jingua kosam pooraadina pertian garrison (ispah) kuu naayakatvam vahinchaaru. sifooding mariyu amiliding rendintinee rendintinee navuna anae maroka muslim hatya chesaadu, anduvalla athanu yuvan chetilo odipoye varaku maroe 5 samvatsaraalu kwanjou mariyu ispah rakshana dalaanni swaadheenam chesukunnadu.
muslimla yuvan oochakotha.
sunni-shiya mataparamaina yuddham ispah tirugubaatuku dohadapadindani charitrakaarudu chenn dasheng siddhaanteekarinchaadu, puu kutumbam mariyu vaari attha yavuna sunneelu anie, akkada yuvan mundu amiliding mariyu sifooding yokka pertian sainikulu shiya, modata madhya chainaalo unnaaru mariyu kwanjouki vellaaru mariyu zin zee shiya anie, sunni yavuna amiliding mariyu saifudingnu champina taruvaata chenn yoodingku firaayinchaadani paerkonnaadu. moodu adrushtaalu quanzoulo muslimlu mariyu vidaeseeyulaku sambhavinchaayi, pertian rakshana dalamlo unnavaarini vadhinchaaru, chaalaa mandhi pertianlu mariyu arab vyaapaarulu naukala dwara vidaesaalaku paaripoyaaru, chainees samskrutini sweekarinchina maroka chinna samuuham teerapraanta bikey, chendi, luphu mariyu jhaangpu mariyu parvata yangchun mariyu dehuvaaloki bahishkarinchabaddaaru mariyu maroka bhaagam kwanjou maseedulalo aasrayam pondindi. parivartana nundi bayatapadina muslim kutumbaala vamsapaaramparyaalu tirugubaatu kaalaaniki sambandhinchina samaachaaraaniki pradhana vanarugaa unnaayi. yuvan-ming parivartana kaalamlo himsa nundi praanaalatoe bayatapadina muslimlalo okaraina rongshan lii kutumbam, tirugubaatu samayamlo vyapaaravettagaa mariyu vastuvulanu ravana chesina vaari puurveekulu lii luu gurinchi, tirugubaatu samayamlo aakalitho unna prajalaku aaharam andinchadaaniki thana private dukaanaalanu upayoginchadam mariyu surakshitamgaa undataaniki thana connectionlanu upayoginchadam gurinchi raasaaru. pertian rakshana dalam mugisina taruvaata ming swaadheenam antey vachhe muslimla pravaasulu antam ayyarani ardham. pertian dalam nindina taruvaata, tirugubaatu anachiveyabadina taruvaata, saamaanya prajalu puu kutumbam mariyu muslimlandarinii champadam praarambhinchaaruh "paaschaatya prajalandaruu naasanam cheyabaddaaru, pedda mukkulatho unna aneka mandhi vidaeseeyulu porapaatuna champabaddaru, moodu rojula paatu talupulu moosiveyabaddaayi mariyu maranasikshalu amalu cheyabaddaayi. cheemu mrutadehaalannii nagnamgaa tolaginchabaddaayi, vaati mukhalu paschimaana unnaayi. ... vaarandarinii "aidu vichchinnam chese sikshala" prakaram teerpu icchi, aapai vaari mrutadehaalanu pandhi tottelalo visiri champaru. idhi paatalo vaari hatya mariyu tirugubaatuku prateekaaramgaa undhi.anie.
puu shougeng alludu bahreinku chendina phoe lyon 80 vaanijya noukalaku naayakatvam vahinchaadu. pertian mariyu dveepaaniki pannula superintendentga janminchina khais, jamal all-dhin ibraheem tibiki oka kumarudu unnadu, atanni chainaku rayabariga 1297-1305 loe pampaaru. bharatadesam, chainaatho vaanijyam kaaranamgaa jamal dhanavanthudayyaadani wassaff, arab charitrakaarulu chepparu. paatala raajavamsam vale kakunda, paatala vyapari unnatavargaaniki chendina vidaeseeyulu mariyu chaineeyulu laabhaalanu aarjinchinatlugaa, poeshaka netvarklu mariyu guttaadhipatyaalu yuvan samudra vaanijyaanni niyantrinchaayi. hanafi madhya chainaalo tirugubaatlu chelareginanduna kwanjou antarjaateeya vaanijya naukaasrayamgaa vaegamgaa mugisindi, anduvalla pertian vyaapaarulu ameen udh-dhin (amiliding) mariyu saif udh-dhin (sifooding) sainikulanu kwanjownu swaadheenam chesukovadaniki daariteesaaru. vivaham dwara oka puu kutumba bandhuvu, yavuna, maroka muslim aaa iddarinee hatya chesaadu. kwanjouloni pertian rakshana dalaaniki chendina muslim tirugubaatudaarulu samudra vaanijyam mariyu dopideelanu dopidi cheyadam dwara oka dasaabdam paatu konasagaru. sandarsinchaaru yavuna mariyu athani sainyanni praantiiya dalaalu swaadheenam chesukuni oodinchaayi, aaa taruvaata ming 2 samvatsaraala taruvaata mugimpu kwanjownu swaadheenam chesukundi. ming raajavamsamlo samudra vaanijyam niyantrinchabadindi mariyu chaalaa bhinnamgaa amalu cheyabadindi. gwangjou, ningbo mariyu kwanjhou annee samudra vaanijya karyalayalanu kaligi unnaayi, conny avi nirdishta praantaalaku matrame parimitam cheyabaddaayi. quanzoulo dakshina samudra vaanijyam ikapai anumatinchabadaledu mariyu quanzoulo ryookyutho vaanijyam matrame anumatinchabadindi. kwaanjhoulooni muslim samajam prajala kopaniki lakshyamgaa maarindi. oka muslim kutumbam yokka vamsavali vruttaamtamloo namodu cheyabadinatlugaa veedhullo "pedda mukku" gala paaschaatyulu mariyu muslimlanu vistrutamgaa champaru. asea yokka antarjaateeya vaanijya naukaasrayamgaa kwanjou shakam mugisindi, alaage quanzoulo vyapara pravasuluga muslimla paatra mugisindi. kontamandi muslimlu sthaanikulachae himsimchabadinamduna samudram ledhaa bhoomi dwara paaripoyaaru, ming chakravartulu 1407 mariyu mugimpu islaamnu sahinche chattalanu jaarii cheyadaaniki mariyu maseedulalo noteesulanu unchadaaniki prayatninchinappatikii kwanjou muslimla vamsaavaliloo chitreekarinchinatlugaa itarulu daachadaaniki mariyu diguvaku padukovadaniki prayatninchaaru. kais kish dveepam mariyu daani raaju jamal all-dhin ibraheem binn mohammed all-tb chaina mariyu bhaaratadaesamtoe vyaparam chestu kontakaalam paatu hormuz niyantrananu swaadheenam chesukuni daani nundi goppa sampadanu sampaadinchaadu.
sayyad ajal shams all-dhin omer vaarasulalo okaraina jinjiang ding, ispa tirugubaatu himsanu nivaarinchadaaniki kwanjou teeramloni chenday (jinjiang) kuu paaripoyaaru. lii kutumbam daatrutva karyakalapala dwara manugada saaginchindi, ayithe vaaru tirugubaatulo "sainikulu tagalabettina vaari illa nundi chellacheduruga unna goppa kutumbaalu, mariyu konni vamsapaaramparyaalu manugada saaginchaayani chepparu."mariyu kwanjouni vivarinchadaaniki" "oka budagalugala kadaga" "anae padaalanu upayoginchaaru". mugimpu kwanjou ming niyantranaloki vachindi mariyu muslimlaku vaataavaranam prasaantamgaa maarindi. ming angle chakravarthy kwanjou maseedula vanti maseedulalo vyaktulu mariyu adhikaarula nundi rakshana uttarvulanu jaarii chesaadu mariyu athani tandri mundu ming taijuku deshaanni tirigi ekam cheyadaaniki thana yuddhaalalo muslim generals nundi maddatu undhi, kabatti athanu vaari patla sahanam choopinchaadu. muslimlu chainees intiperlanu upayogincharani ming konni chattalanu aamodinchaaru. lii kutumbam vanti muslimla konni vamsaavalulu confucian samskruti mariyu oods mariyu charitra vanti classiclanu bodhinchadam ledhaa islaamnu aacharinchadam gurinchi charchanu chuuputaayi. ming taiju samudra vaanijyaaniki sambandhinchina chattalanu aamodinchaadu, ivi kwanjou muslimla jeevitampai pradhana prabhavam chupayi. athanu quanzoulo adhikaarika samudra vaanijyaanni rukyuku parimitam chesaadu mariyu gwangjou gwangjou dakshina samudra vaanijyaanni guttadhipatyam cheyavalasi vachindi mariyu mariyu samudra vaanijya karyalayanni puurtigaa vadilinchukunna taruvaata. 16va sataabdam chivari varaku, private vaanijyam nishedhinchabadindi.
pertian sunni muslimlu all-dhin (saay-phu-ding) mariyu awad all-dhin (aaa-mii-lii-ding) hanafi kwanjouloni yuvan raajavamsaaniki vyatiraekamgaa ispah tirugubaatunu praarambhinchi, fujian rajadhani fuzou cherukovadaniki prayatninchaaru. yuvan general chenn uding muslim tirugubaatudaarulanu oodinchi, kwanjou mariyu kwanjou prakka praantaalalo videshee santatiki chendina muslimlanu hatamaarchaadu. idhi chaalaa mandhi muslim vidaeseeyulu oochakotha nundi tappinchukovadaaniki jaava mariyu aagneyaasiyaaloni itara pradaesaalaku paaripovadaaniki daariteesindi, islaamik mataanni vyaapti chesindi. greesiknu chaina yokka gwangdong provinsku chendina oka vyakti paalinchaadu mariyu 14va sataabdamloo chainees bhaashalo zin kunn (kotta graamam) paerutoe akkadaku valasa vacchina veyyi chainees kutumbaalu unnaayi. eee samacharanni 15va sataabdamloo javanu sandarsinchadaaniki jeng hetho kalisi vacchina maa hwan nivedinchaaru. jaavaaku maarina chaina nundi vacchina chaalaa mandhi muslimlaku gwangdong muulam anie kooda maa hwan paerkonnaadu. kuu kuu/zinbun chainees anie cheppabadindi. mariyu chainaalo chaalaa mandhi muslimla maadirigaane, stamford raffles prakaram valii sanga sunan giri kooda hanafi. hanafi muslim sainikulu yuvan raajavamsaaniki vyatiraekamgaa tirugubaatu cheyadaaniki prayatninchinappudu, ibn batuta, ispa tirugubaatuku mundu kwanjou yokka pedda bahula jaathi muslim samajanni sandarsinchaaru. sandarsinchaaru mangolu kwanjouloni sunni muslimlanu champi tirugubaatunu muginchaaru. yuvan raajavamsam yokka himsaatmaka mugimpu mugimpu ming raajavamsam varaku muslimlanu padepade champadam chusindi. sunni muslimlu kwanjou nundi agneyasiaku paaripovadamto quanzoulo vaanijyam yokka paatra mugisindi. kwanjou nundi paaripoyina manugadalo unna muslimlu vaanijyam kosam manila bay, brunai, sumatra, jaava mariyu champaaku vellaaru. jheng hay charitrakaarudu maa hwan, sumatraaloni barrus, maleyan dveepakalpamloni trenganu, brunai mariyu javalo thana samudrayanalalo chaina nundi paaripoyina aagneyaasiyaaloni eee muslim vyaapaarula unikini gamaninchaadu. javanu islanga marchina tommidi vaali sangaaku chainees paerlu unnaayi mariyu 1368 loe 14 va sataabdamloo akkada nundi paaripoyina chainees matlade kwanjou muslimla nundi udbhavinchaayi. suharto paalana 1964 loe sumatran muslim injanir mangarajja parlindungan daani gurinchi vraasina taruvaata dheeni gurinchi matladatam nishedhinchindi.
ming raajavamsam.
mangolsnu bahishkarinchina taruvaata, ming raajavamsam tvaralo sthaapinchabadindi. semu sahayam kaaranamgaa, vaarilo kondarini kendra prabhutvamlo niyaminchaaru. edemaina, ming raajavamsam chainees aachaaraalaku vileenam chesindi, nishedham vaari swantha bhashalu, acharalu, paerlanu upayoginchadam mariyu badulugaa chainees matlade bhashaku maaradam mariyu chainees paerlanu upayoginchadam mariyu hohn prajalatho vivaham chesukovadam vantivi.
modati ming chakravarthy hangvu artical artical chattanni aamodinchina taruvaata mangol mariyu madhya asea semu muslim mahilalu mariyu purushulu iddaroo ming code prakaram hohn chaineeyulanu vivaham chesukovalasi vachindi.
semu yuvan bhaashalo rendava taragatilo undi, mangolsku sahayam cheyadaaniki upayoginchinanduna semu janabhanu tagginchadam dheeni lakshyam.kontamandi huyy, juu kooda huyy anie bhavinchinappudu, tamanu daadula nundi rakshinchadaaniki ming hangvu chakravarthy rahasyamgaa eee aadesaanni icchaarani kondaru huyy paerkonnaaru.
nijaaniki, aaa samayamlo semu matrame eee paerunu upayoginchinappudu juu huyy kaadu. conny ming raajavamsam madhya kaalamlo, raayalteelu semunu vividha samuhaluga vibhajinchaayi, ayithe muslimlu mariyu tibetanlu anae samuuhaalu ippatikee chaalaa unnaayi. islam mariyu tibeton mataalu netikee manugada saaginchaayi. conny yoodulu vanti minority samuuhaalu, vaari acharalalo ekkuva bhaagam ika laevu, vaarini hohn samuuhamloo vadilivesaaru. eee vibhajana republic off chaina sthaapinchabade varaku konasaagindi.
kotta vibhajana antey kevalam 56 jaathi samuuhaalu matrame unnayani kaadu. eee jaabitaalo yoodula vanti chinna janabha ledhu. ituvanti jaatulu chaalaa takkuva sankhyalo unnappatikee, avi ippatikee chainaalo konasagutunnayi.
ming raajavamsam islam mariyu judaayijamnu aacharinchadaaniki anumatinchindi mariyu avi confucianisanku anugunamgaa unnayani, nestorian christianity, manitianism mariyu white kamala saakha vanti mataalanu nishedhinchindani saasanaalanu jaarii chesindi. ming raajavamsam samayamlo nestorian kraistavatvam mariyu manichianism antarinchipooyaayi, islam mariyu judaism rakshinchabaddaayi.
1376 loe 30 yella chainees vyapari linn nuu parshiyaaloni ormujnu sandarsinchi, islam matamloki maari, oka semu ammayini (pertian ledhaa arab ammai) vivaham chesukuni aamenu tirigi fujiyanloni kwanjouki teesukuvacchaadu. confucian tatwavetta lii zii vaari varasudu. idhi linn mariyu lii vamsapaaramparyamlo namodu cheyabadindi.
oka pandhi vadha vyatiraeka saasanam, jengde chakravarthy muslim napumsakulanu upayoginchadam valla islaamnu sweekarinchaadani oohaagaanaalaku daariteesindi, vaaru telupu mariyu neelam rangulalo pertian mariyu arabic saasanaalatoe pingaaniini utpatti cheyadaaniki aadesinchaaru. kaapalaadaaru yuu young mariyu mahilalu uyghar. pandhi vadha nirodhaka saasanam venuka nijamgaa evaru unnaro teliyadu. athanu muslim avtadane oohagaanaalu athani videshee muulaaniki chendina umpudugattelato paatu athani mitimeerina mariyu neechamaina pravartanatho paatu gurthundipothayi. corian ammayilanu juvande elaa ishtapadataro alaane madhya asea muslim ammayilanu jengde ishtapadataaru. oka uyghar umpudugatteni jengde unchaadu. videshee muulaaniki chendina uyghar, mangol mahilalanu jengde chakravarthy ishtapaddadu.
totter (mangol) mariyu madhya asea mahilalu jengdetho padakalu vesukunnaru mariyu athanu mangol dustulu dharinchaadu mariyu mangol bhaashalo anargalamgaa matladevadu, mariyu athanu pertian, bouddha mariyu mangol paerlu mariyu birudulanu sweekarinchaadu. bahusha pertian mariyu tibeton bhashalanu kooda adhyayanam chesi undavacchu.
jengde thana muslim gaardu yuu yang nundi madhya asea muslim semu mahilalanu andukunnadu.
tavoyuan yokka uigharlu, kocho raajyaaniki chendina turpan nundi vacchina uigharla avasheshaalu.

