
lasavanna ukku company

lakkevanna ukku samstha anedi oka american ukku tayari samstha, idhi 1840 nundi 1922 varaku swatantra samsthagaa unikilo undhi, mariyu 1922 nundi 1983 varaku bethleheim ukku samstha yokka anubandha samsthagaa undhi. scranton kutumbanche sthaapinchabadindi, idhi okappudu prapanchamlooni rendava atipedda ukku samstha (mariyu yuu. ess. velupala atipedda samstha.ess. ukku trust). pensylvanialoni scranton, samstha yokka asalu sthaanam chuttoo abhivruddhi chendindi. 1902loe company newyorkloni gede shivaaruku marinappudu, adhi leesavanna nagara sthaapananu prerepinchindi.
sthaapana mariyu prarambha samvatsaraalu.
1800la praarambhamlo, pensylvanialoni laxavanna loyalo anthracite boggu mariyu inumu niksheepaalu samruddhiga undevi. sodarulu georg doubleu. scranton mariyu seldon tii. scranton 1840loe loyaku velli, inupa nakileeni erpaatu cheyadaaniki slocum yokka bolu (ippudu scranton) anae aidu-gruhaala pattanamlo sthirapaddaadu. europeanlu daadaapu moodu satabdaalugaa ukkunu tayaaru chestunnappatiki, bobbalu ukku mariyu siluva ukku tayari prakriyalu nemmadigaa mariyu chaalaa khareedainavi.
scrantonlu badulugaa paeludu kolimitho pig iron tayaareepai drushti saarinchaayi. vaaru inumu kariginchadamlo iteevali saanketika aavishkarana, "hott blast" nuu sadviniyogam chesukovalanukunnaru. 1828loe scatlandlo abhivruddhi cheyabadina vaedi paeludu, karigina inumu dwara pampu cheyadaaniki mundu gaalini mundhe vaedi chestundi, idhi indhana avasaralanu gananeeyamgaa taggistundi. boggu ledhaa bituminus boggunu upayoginche prastuta paddhatula kante ukku tayaareeki anthracite boggunu upayoginchadam dwara prayogaalu cheyaalani kooda scrantonlu uddesinchaayi.
yuu loe hott-blast technic yokka atyanta vijayavantamaina modati upayogam.ess. 1835loe newjerseelooni warren kounteelooni oxford furnacelo seldon scranton maama vilium henry dheenini nirvahinchaaru. 1838 natiki, henry laxavanna loyaku vellaadu, akkada athanu ukku tayaareeloo anthracite boggunu upayoginchadamlo prayogaalu chestunnadu.
scrantonlu mariyu henry 1840loe oka vaedi paeludu kolimiki abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki bhagaswamyanni yerparachukunnaru, idhi "chaarj" loe anthracite boggunu upayoginchindi (inupa khanijam mariyu boggu misramam, kariginappudu, pig inumunu srushtinchindi). maroe iddaru pensylvanianlu, sanford grant (oka belveder, newjersey, vyaapaaravaetta) mariyu phillip motts (eestan, pensylvaniaku chendina byaank manager) kooda scranton, grant und koo anae kotta companylo pettubadi pettaru. henry slocum yokka bolu daggara konugolu chesi, kolimiki nirmaanam praarambhinchaadu. 1841 saradrutuvu praarambhamlo paeludu kolimi puurtayimdi.
inumunu kariginchadaaniki company chesina modati prayatnam vijayavantam kaaledu. taginanta vaedigaa laeni kolimi, neeti chakraalatho nadiche gantalanu tippadaaniki sameepamloni creaklo chaalaa takkuvagaa pravahinche neeru (tadwara kolimiki taginanta gaalini andinchalekapoyindi), chaarj misramaalato viphalamaina prayogaalu, muusukupooyina tuerlu mariyu marenno sahaa aneka samasyalu inupa millunu peedinchaayi. 1843 juun thoo mugisina samvatsaramlo company $6,000 mariyu $7,000 madhya nashtapoyindani georg scranton anchanaa vaesaaru, conny mottam $10,000 varaku undavacchu. georg scranton vilium henry nundi panula niyantrananu teesukunnadu mariyu rendusaarlu kolimunu punarnirminchaadu. diwala teese samayaniki, bhaagaswaamulu kotta muuladhana vanarulanu korukunnaru. 1843 maeloe $20,000 runam companyni karyakalapalanu konasaaginchadaaniki anumatinchindi.
aneka vaiphalyaalu mariyu rendu samvatsaraala takkuva sthaayi mariyu takkuva naanhyata gala pig iron utpatti taruvaata, samstha 1843loe gananeeyamaina mottamlo pig iron utpattini praarambhinchindi. company oka rolling millu, aidu pratidhvani kolimulu, 20 goru tayari yantraalu mariyu oka spike tayari yantraanni erpaatu chesindi. marinta nagadu avasaramaite, company 1846 septembarulo punarvyavastheekarinchabadindi, scrantonlu mariyu grant anae kotta paerunu teesukundi. joseph hetch thoo sahaa kotta bhaagaswaamulanu teesukuvacchaaru. scranton (georgiaku chendina bandhuvu), erastus sii. scranton (connecticut nundi oka bandhuvu), mariyu zaan houland (newyork nundi oka banker mariyu vyaapaaravaetta). scranton kutumbam company stacklo 51.6 saatam vatanu nilupukundi.
naanhyata niyantrana samasyalu companyni peedinchaayi mariyu daadaapu mallee diwala teeseyadaaniki daariteesaayi. 1844 vesavi natiki, kolimi rojuku sagatuna aidu nundi edu tannula pig iron kaligi undhi. scrantonlu mariyu grantlu praarambhamlo gorlu mariyu inupa palakalanu utpatti cheyadaaniki pig ironnu upayoginchaayi, conny dhaatuvu yokka naanhyata-avasaramaina daggari-dhaanyaala "colled-short" kante "redd-short"-adhika-naanhyata pig iron karigipovadaanni nirodhinchindi. company aardhika vyavastha digajaarindi. yuu loe railroad netvarklu.ess. 1840laloe vaati parimaanam moodu retlu perigindi, mariyu railumaargaalaku pedda mottamlo pattalu avasaramayyayi. conny 1844 varaku, united states loe pattalanu tayaaru cheyagala karmagaralu laevu, mariyu anni pattalanu grate britton nundi samudram dwara digumati chesukuni ravana cheyalsi vachindi.
vaaru upayoginchina "colled-short" dhaatuvu railu pattaala tayaareeki anuvainadani grahinchina scrantonlu kotta pettubadidaarulanu vetiki, vaari dabbu railu pattaala rolling millunu nirminchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. benzin lauder, newyork mariyu erii railroad adhyakshudu; paarisraamikavetta vilium ii. tappinchukoni; mariyu maroe enimidi mandhi samsthalo $90,000 pettubadi pettaru.
scrantonlu mariyu grantlu 1846 november 7naa mallee punarvyavastheekarinchabadda mariyu companyni scrantonlu mariyu plaat anie pilavadam praarambhinchaayi. grant konugolu cheyabadindi, mariyu houland thana pettubadini tirigi ivvamani korindi. eee samstha twaragaa eeree railroad kosam pattalanu roopondinchadam praarambhinchindi, idhi samyukta rashtraalalo tii pattalanu bhaareega utpatti chesina modati samsthagaa nilichindi. railu pattalanu tayaaru cheyalane samstha nirnayam united stateslo ravana yokka praathamika swabhaavaanni maarchindi, railu viniyogaanni vegavantam chesindi mariyu railroad track kosam inglandpy american aadharapadataanni tolaginchindi. railu utpatti aagashtu 1847loe praarambhamaindi, mariyu company tvaralo 800 mandiki paiga velsh, airish mariyu german kaarmikulanu niyaminchindi. railu maargaala sarukulanu manchu gundaa newyork mariyu eeree railrodku bhoomi meedugaa lagaru, eee marganni diwala nundi rakshinchadaaniki sakalamlo cherukunnaru.
1851loe, slocum yokka bolu pattanam inupa panula yajamaanula gouravaartham daani paerunu scranton gaa maarchindi. slocum yokka bolu paerunu haarisan pattanamgaa (adhyakshudu vilium henry haarisan gouravaartham) maarchadaaniki scrantonlu konni samvatsaraala kritam pattana prajala nundi aamodam pondaaru. 1850loe eee pattanaaniki scrantonia anie paeru maarchabadindi, 1851loe eee paerunu scranton gaa kudinchaaru. vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna inupa millu scranton pattanamlo idhe vidhamaina vruddhiki daariteesindi, dheeni janabha 1850loe konni vandala nundi 1860loe 9,000kuu 1870loe 35,000kuu perigindi.
vruddhi samvatsaraalu.
1853loe, samstha punarvyavastheekarinchabadindi, daani muuladhana pettubadulanu rettimpu chesindi mariyu leesavanna iron und boggu company anae paerunu sweekarinchindi. oka samvatsaramlone, company aastulu moodu kolimulu, oka ukku tayari kunda millu, oka foundry, rendu kammari dukaanaalu, rendu vadrangi dukaanaalu, oka rampa millu, oka grist millu, company store, 200 nivaasaalu (kaarmikulaku illu), oka vasati gruham, inupa khanija ganulu, boggu ganulu, oka sarassu mariyu oka hotel vanti vatiki vistarinchaayi.
company 1853loe railroad vyaapaaramloki kooda vistarinchindi. railvelu vasoolu chese adhika rusumulanu chellinchakundaa utpattulanu marketloki teesukuraavadaaniki surakshitamaina maargam avasaramaindi, company delaware mariyu cobs gyap railroad mariyu lakwanna mariyu westran railroadlo niyantrana vaddeeni konugolu chesindi. vaaru samyukta anubandha samsthanu delaware, leesavanna mariyu westran railrodlugaa punarvyavastheekarinchaaru, vaari parisrama niluvu ekikarananu praarambhinchaaru.
rendava taram scrantonlu 1860laloe laxavanna inumu mariyu boggu companyni swaadheenam chesukuni, samsthaku kotta saanketika aavishkaranalanu teesukuvacchaayi. joseph scranton kumarudu vilium walker scranton 1844loe janminchaadu. 23 samvatsaraala vayassulo, vilium walker scranton appatike lakwanna inumu mariyu boggu company ukku millulalo okadaaniki superintendent ayyadu. 1872loe joseph scranton maranam taruvaata, vilium mottam kutumba vyapara saamrajyaanni swaadheenam chesukunnadu, indulo ippudu oka byaanku mariyu scranton yokka gyaas mariyu water works nagaram unnaayi (pedda sankhyalo boggu mariyu inupa ganulatho paatu).
1870laloe, american railroadlu airopa nundi mallee track raillanu konugolu cheyadam praarambhinchaayi. dheeniki kaaranam airopalo utpatti cheyabadina adhika naanhyata gala ukku railu, 1855loe ukku tayari kosam bessemer prakriyanu kanugonadam. idhi indhana kharchulanu mariyu ukku tayaareeki avasaramaina samayanni gananeeyamgaa tagginchindi, alaage utpatti cheyabadina ukku naanhyatanu gananeeyamgaa meruguparichindi. scranton aaa samstha nundi selavu teesukoni rahasyamgaa britton, aapai germanyki vellaadu, akkada athanu oka puddler ayyadu mariyu "besemer steel" tayari rahasyalanu neerchukunnaadu. conny scranton thana vyapara bhaagaswaamulanu bessemer prakriyanu avalambinchamani oppinchalekapoyadu.
intalo, zaan houlands yokka samrakshakudaina paarisraamikavetta moses taylor, midland railroad mariyu sussex railroad (indulo athanu pakshika yajamani) kuu railu trackla kosam pig iron sarafara cheyadaaniki franklin iron companyni erpaatu chesaadu. taylor thana railumargalanu scranton yaajamaanyamloni delaware & leesavannatho anusandhaaninchaalanukunnadu mariyu leesavanna iron und boggu companyni nammadu. thana pig ironnu puurtayina ukkugaa marchagaligadu-conny company bessemer prakriyanu avalambinchinatlayithe matrame. kalisi, moses taylor mariyu doubleu.doubleu. 1875loe bessemer prakriyanu avalambinchamani, 1881loe taylor, scranton railvelanu vileenam cheyamani company itara pettubadidaarulanu scranton oppinchaadu. modati "debba" (ledhaa bessemer kolimi nundi karigina ukkunu acchulugaa poyadam) october 23,1875naa jarigindi, mariyu modati bessemer ukku december 29,1875naa millulo chuttabadindi.
1870luu mariyu maandyam samayamlo, laxavanna inumu mariyu boggu samstha gananeeyamaina kaarmika samasyalatho baadhapadindi. 1870loe boggu ganulalo vaetanaalanu 30 saatam tagginchina aneka samsthalalo eee company okati. delaware & leesavanna anae company railroad kooda thana kaarmikula vaetanaalanu teevramgaa tagginchindi. 1871 janavari modati vaaramlo, kottagaa erpadina ganula kaarmikula sangham, kaarmikula paropakari sangham, adhika vaetanaala kosam sammeku digindi. pratiroojuu ganulaku, ganula nundi samme viraminche mainarlaku vyaktigatamgaa naayakatvam vahinchadam dwara scranton sammenu vichchinnam cheyadaaniki sahaayapadindi. oka madhyahnam ganula nundi mainarla mrutadehaanni teesukuvelutunnappudu, atanipai oka gumpu daadi chesindi, aaa taruvaata jarigina poraatamlo, allarlu chestunna iddaru sammekaarulu maraninchaaru. kramasikshananu punaruddharinchadaaniki, samme viramanadaarulanu rakshinchadaaniki mariyu ganulanu tirigi teravadaaniki sahaayapadataaniki rashtra sainyam piluvabadindi.
sammekaarulu marinni ganulanu terichi, sammekaarulu, vaari kutumbaalu aakalitho undatam praarambhinchadamtho 1871 eprillo samme koolipovadam praarambhamaindi. mae praarambhamlo himsa mallee chelaregindi, mariyu saantibhadratalanu punaruddharinchadaaniki rashtra dalaalanu marosari pilipinchaaru. konni rojullone, samme chaalaa varaku vichchinnamaindi mariyu chaalaa mandhi mainarlu paniki tirigi vacchaaru. strike breakerlaku naayakatvam vahinchinanduku vilium scrantonnu rendusaarlu arrestu chesaaru, conny pratisaaree vichaaranalo nirdoshigaa prakatinchaaru.
1877loe company rendava pedda sammeku digindi. 1873loe bhayandolanatho praarambhamaina sudeergha maandyam 1896 varaku mugiyaledu. 1877 natiki vaelaadi mandhi mainarlu, ukku kaarmikulu, railway udyogulu pani lekunda poyaaru, vaetanaalu padepade tagginchabaddaayi. 1877 juulai 23naa, laxavanna iron und cole company yaajamaanyamloni inumu mariyu ukku millulalooni kaarmikulu. 25 saatam vaetana pempunu koorutuu samme chesaaru. aaa marusati roeju samme railu kaarmikulaku vyaapinchindi, juulai 25naa company gani kaarmikulu kooda vacout chesi, adhe vidhamaina vaetana pempunu demand chesaaru. adhe roeju company scranton mayer robbert mccun nuu pooliisu rakshana kosam korindi, mariyu mccun governor zaan eff nuu adigadu. dalaala kosam hartramft. juulai 26naa, governor hartramft adhyakshudu rutherford bii. samakhya dalaala kosam endugaddi, mariyu (1877 naati goppa railroad samme appatike chelaregadamtho) governor abhyardhana meraku vaatini pampadaaniki endugaddi angeekarinchindi. juulai 29naa penn cole koo pradhana karyalayam vadda himsa chelaregindi.'short-line railroad paie bambu daadi jarigindi, oka sthaanika vantena kaalipoyindi, mariyu lakwanna iron und boggu company yaajamaanyamloni aneka boggu ganulu kaalipoyaayi. varadalu vachayi. marusati roeju mccun samakhya dalaalanu pilavaalani bedirinchaadu, conny madhyavartigaa thana sonta sevalanu kooda andinchaadu.
rendu vaipula rojanta samavesamayyaru, mariyu prati okkariki aascharyakaramgaa aaa saayantram oka taatkaalika oppandam kudirindi. ukku kaarmikulalo ekkuva mandhi taatkaalika oppandaanni angeekarinchadaaniki siddhamgaa unnatlu kanipinchinappatikii, augustu 1naa down town scrantonlo 6,000 mandhi vyaktulatoe kuudina gumpu erpadi daanini tiraskarinchaalani nirnayinchukundi. gumpunu saantimpajeyadaaniki prayatninchadaaniki mayer karyalayam velupala mccun kanipinchinappudu, kaalpulu jarigaayi. muck cune nuu kalapadam mariyu raallatho kottadam jarigindi. athani diguva davada virigindi mariyu athani eguva davada virigindi, mccune paaripovadaaniki prayatninchaadu, kaani gumpulooni oka sabhyudu athani talapai sutthi kottadamtho apasmaraka sthithiki cherukunnadu. konni nimishala taruvaata, county sherief mariyu hadavidiga samavesamaina oka dalam vacchi gumpunu chedaragottadaaniki prayatninchina gumpu talalapai kaalpulu jaripaaru. gumpulo unna chaalaa mandhi tirigi kaalpulu jaripi, sherief mariyu oka sibbandini gaayaparichaaru. sibbandi gumpupai aneka vooliilu kaalpulu jaripaaru, naluguru maraninchaaru mariyu 20 mandhi gayapaddaru. vaaru paaripovadaaniki prayatninchinappudu maraninchina mariyu gayapadina vaarilo chaalaa mandhi venuka bhaagamlo kalchi champabaddaru. mayer mccun teevramgaa gayapadinappatiki, madhyahnam 2 gantala samayamlo saantibhadratalanu punaruddharinchadaaniki sahayapaddadu.emm. marusati roeju, pitsburg nundi 3,000 samakhya dalaalu vacchi nagaramloki pravesinchaayi. sainika chattam vidhinchabadindi, mariyu daadi aneka sanghatanalu laeni vaaraala taruvaata etuvanti oppandam lekunda mugisindi. sherief mariyu aneka mandhi udyogulanu arrestu chesi, narahatya aaropanapai vichaarinchaaru, conny nirdoshulugaa vidudala chesaaru.
company kaarmika samasyalu lakwanna iron und cole companylo niyantrana kosam antargata poraatam dwara bharti cheyabaddaayi. 1880 natiki, eee samstha samyukta rashtraalalo rendava atipedda inumu utpattidaarugaa nilichindi. conny, scranton companyni vistarinchaalani korukunnadu, eee pratipaadananu directorla boardu 1881loe tiraskarinchindi. scranton companyni vidichipetti scranton steel companyni erpaatu chesaaru. 1881loe thana sodarudu walter scrantontho kalisi. 10 samvatsaraalalo, scranton steel koo. idhi entha vijayavantamaindante, lakwanna iron und boggu company. samsthalo vileenam cheyadaaniki charchalu jaripaaru. eee rendu companylu 1891 janavari 9naa vileenam ayyi, laxavanna iron und steel companyni erpaatu chesaayi. eee vileenam kotta companyki daadaapu 12 laksala dollarla runaanni srushtinchinappatikii, leesavanna iron & steel aardhikamgaa entha vijayavantamaindo niroopinchabadindi, adhi oka samvatsaramlone runaanni chellinchindi.
newyork raashtraaniki taralinchandi.
sataabdam praarambhamlo, laxavanna inumu mariyu ukku samstha scranton praantam nundi bayataku velladaanni pariganinchadam praarambhinchindi. company aardhika paristhiti ksheenistoondi; 1899 septembarulo, andrew carnegie ilaa vraasaadu, "naa abhiprayam emitante, tvaralo harrisburg, picchukala sthaanam mariyu scranton bethleheim vanti pattalu tayaaru cheyadam aagipotundi. gatha samvatsaram saradrutuvu vaarini itara vyaparala maadirigaane balavantamgaa vyaparam nundi tolaginchadaaniki manchi samayam anipinchindi."
kaarmika kharchulu perigayi. 1897loe, samyukta ganula kaarmikulu boggu mariyu inupa ganulalo chaalaa mandhi kaarmikulanu erpaatu chesaaru, vaaru 1900loe 10 saatam vaetana pempupai vijayavantamgaa samme chesaaru. union 1902 mae 11 nundi 1902 october 23 varaku mallee samme chesi, rendava vaetana perugudalato paatu merugaina pani paristhitulanu geluchukundi. rendava amsam emitante, scrantonku inupa khanijanni ravana cheyadaaniki perugutunna kharchu mariyu scranton nundi company kottagaa abhivruddhi chendutunna marketlaku railu maargaala korata.
goppa sarassula ravana mariyu eee praantamlooni aneka railu maargaalaku sulabhamgaa cherukovadamto aakarshinchabadina 1899loe laxavanna inumu mariyu ukku samstha thana soukaryaalanu newyorkloni west seneca pattanaaniki taralinchaalani nirnayinchukundi. scranton thana operation nuu eri sarassu meeda unna gede shivaaru praantaaniki taralinchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. bhoomipai oohaagaanaalanu nivaarinchadaaniki, laxavanna ukku samstha zaan zhe nii niyaminchindi. daani tarapuna bhoomini konugolu cheyadaaniki antario vidyut samstha adhyakshudu albrite. scranton, albrite mariyu aneka mandhi itarulu 1899 marchi 23naa gedelo bhoomi konugolu gurinchi charchinchadaaniki kalusukunnaru. eee brundam marchi 24naa sameepamloni aneka pradaesaalanu anveshinchindi, adhe roeju paschima seneca pattanaaniki paschima bhaagamlo unna eeree sarassupai abhivruddhi chendani theera praantaanni enchukundi. albrite april 1,1899naa bhoomini konugolu cheyadam praarambhinchindi, aaa nela chivari natiki avasaramaina daadaapu anni aastulanu atyanta takkuva dhara ayina $1.1 millionlaku pondindi. albrite tarachugaa thana konugolu sandarsanalalo zaan zii thoo kalisi undevaadu. paan-american exposition adhyakshudu milburn, mariyu chaalaa mandhi aasti yajamaanulu bhoomi konugollu exposition kosam anie bhaavinchaaru.
bhaarii kotta ukku millu nirmaanam juulai 14,1900naa praarambhamaindi, tommidi nelala taruvaata scranton nundi parikaraalu ravadam prarambhamayyayi. company oka ooda kaaluvanu puudikatoe puudchi, karmaagaaraaniki inupa khanijam mariyu koknu teesukuvacche railumaargaalato karmagaranni anusandhaaninchadaaniki mailla track nirminchindi. 1901loe laxavanna inumu mariyu ukku oka company pattanaanni nirminchadam praarambhinchaayi, conny daaniki chaalaa sevalu laevu. aaa illu chaalaa samvatsaraalu khaliga undipoyindi.
1900 decemberulo, laxavanna boggu & coque companyni pensylvanialo koknu andinchadaaniki anubandha samsthagaa chaerchaaru. pensylvanialoni company pattanamaina vehramlo boggu ganulu mariyu coque ovenlu praarambhinchabaddaayi, dheeniki company general manager henry vehram paeru pettaru. boggu adhika naanhyata kaligi ledhu mariyu 1904 taruvaata takkuva utpatti jarigindi. 1930la natiki eee pattanam vidichipettabadindi.
1902 fibravari 14naa companyni laxavanna ukku companyga punarvyavastheekarinchaaru. aaa samayamlo idhi prapanchamlone atipedda swatantra ukku samstha. kottagaa sekarinchina mooladhanamlo $20 millionlu kotta millu nirmaanaaniki chellinchadamtho $60 millionla viluvaina stock jaarii cheyabadindi. millu thana modati inupa khanijanni december 23,1902naa andukundi. plant yokka 6,000 mandhi kaarmikulu (veerilo 2,000 mandhi scranton nundi vacchaaru) 1903 praarambhamlo modati ukkunu paelchaaru. scrantonloni company aastini lakwanna mariyu wyoming valley railrodku vikrayinchaaru, idhi migilina anni parikaraalanu tolaginchi, puraatana raathi paeludu kolimulu minaha anni bhavanalanu koolchivesindi.
vilium walker scranton roopondinchina aardhika tirugubaatu directorla bordunu santoshapettaledu, ayithe, 1904 chivarilo athani sthaanamlo edward eah. clark. company vistarinchadam konasaaginchindi, 1906loe pedda pensylvania boggu ganula samstha zhe. nii konugolu chesindi.doubleu. elsworth company.
lasavanna steel koo. paschima seneca pattanamtho aayanaku balamaina sambandham undhi. muruguneeti paarudala, neeru, gyaas mariyu rahadaarula merugudalalo pedda pettubadulanu company demand chesindi, conny vaati kosam chellinchadaaniki niraakarinchindi (company pattanam kante chaalaa sampannamgaa unnappatikee). company yokka paatha pensylvania sait nundi pedda sankhyalo kaarmikula raaka pattana janabhanu penchindi, idhi chaalaa takkuva pramaanaala gruhalu mariyu teevramaina prajaarogya samasyala (kalara, typhoid mariyu influenzae vyaaptitoe sahaa) vistrutamaina pradaesaala srushtiki daariteesindi. pattanaanni kaapaadataaniki, paschima senekanlu ukku millu chuttoo unna praantaanni daani swantha vileenam chesina munisipaliteegaa vaeru cheyaalani pratipaadinchaaru. pratipaadita munisipaalitiini (leesavanna anie paeru pettadaniki) vileenam cheyadaanni leesavanna steel vyatirekinchindi, conny 1907loe rendu samvatsaraala paatu konasagina bhayandolana west seneca pattanaanni daadaapu diwala teesina taruvaata mariyu company karyakalapalanu debbateesina taruvaata idhi 1909loe upasamharinchukundi.
yuu yokka srushti.ess. 1901loe ukku sthaanamlo desamloni atipedda ukku tayaareedaarugaa lakwanna ukkuni bharti chesaaru. swatantra" ukku companylu anie pilavabade aneka companylu raboye rendu dasaabdaallo viliinaanni yuu. kuu pratispandanagaa bhaavinchaayi.ess. ukku nirmaanam. 1915 chivaralo, leesavanna steel cambria steel company, newport nyuus shipbuilding und drydock company, youngstown sheet und tube mariyu lothattu ukkutho viliinaanni dadapuga puurti chesindi. ukku companylu, samakhya niyantranadaarulu mariyu itarula oppandam unnappatikee, eee companylaku runaanni mosukelle byaankulu viliinaanni aamodinchadaaniki niraakarinchaayi mariyu pranaalikanu tolaginchaaru. 1910la chivaralo company aardhika sthithi gananeeyamgaa maarutuu undedi. stock kotta garishtalanu nelakolpindi mariyu 1917loe mariyu 1918 modati ardhabhaagamlo company thana laabhaalanu rettimpu chesindi, conny 1918 chivarilo mariyu 1919 antataa company kashtataramaina aardhika samayaallo padipoyindi.
yooniyaneekarananu nivaarinchadaaniki leesavanna steel kontavaraku newyork kuu taralivellinappatiki, unionlu companyni anusarinchaayi. 1919loe inumu mariyu ukku kaarmikula vileena sangham dwara companyni ekikrutam cheyadaaniki prayatnam jarigindi. leesavanna yokka prajaasvaamya mayer zaan tomiki leesavanna steel koo aardhikamgaa maddatu ichindi. communistu-prerepita mariyu netrutvamloni union nirvahana prayatnaanni dooshinchadaaniki toomy oka durmargapu redd-biting pracharanni praarambhinchaadu. union sabhyulu ledhaa union saanubhootiparulu ayinanduku 1919 vesavi mariyu saradrutuvulo company vandalaadi mandhi kaarmikulanu tolaginchindi. edemaina, 1919 natiki leiswanna ukku vadda 18,000 mandiki paiga ukku kaarmikulu mariyu eee praantamlooni aidu itara chinna lohasastra samsthalanu american federation off laber nirvahinchindi (ayithe leiswanna adhikarulu chaalaa takkuva union sabhyulu unnaarani anchanaa vaesaaru). valasa union sabhyulu himsaatmakamgaa maarataarane bhayamtho, newyork rashtra pooliisula nundi rakshana kosam koorutuu, lakwanna ukku adhikarulu andukunnaru. lakwanna ukku nirvahana drive union desavyaaptamgaa nirvahinche prayatnamlo bhaagam, mariyu mottam ukku parisramanu nirvahinchadaaniki 1919 chivarilo desavyaaptamgaa samme praarambhinchaalani union nirnayinchindi. septembaru 22naa samme praarambhamaindi, karmagaramloni 9,000 mandhi kaarmikulalo 8,000 mandhi samme chesaarani union perkondi mariyu sagam mandhi kaarmikulu matrame vacout chesaarani company perkondi. adhe roeju nagaramlo moodu allarlu chelaregaayi. madhyahnam aalasyamgaa, shift maarpu samayamlo, 7,000 mandhi union anukuula sammekaarulu mariyu maddatudaarulu company gaardulapai raallu, seesaalu mariyu sidhilaalanu visireyadam praarambhinchaaru, mariyu allarlanu vichchinnam cheyadaaniki nagara pooliisulanu pilipinchaaru.
saayantram 7.20 gantalaku.emm.3, 000 mandhi unionvaadulu mariyu vaari maddatudaarulu plant nundi bayaludaerina 200 mandhi sammekaarula brundaanni addukunnaru, pooliisulu jokyam chesukuni vaarini aapadaniki mundu chuttupakkala parisaraallo vaarini vembadinchaaru. saayantram taruvaata, oka chinna gumpu purushulu company private pooliisu dalamlo pani chestaanani prakatinchina oka vyaktini kottaru, mariyu nagara pooliisulanu marosari pilipinchaaru. 1919 septembaru 23naa company pooliisulu madhyahnam aalasyamgaa sumaru 3,000 mandhi samme kaarmikulatoe rendusaarlu gharshanaku digaaru. saayantram 5.50 gantalaku.emm.raallu, gaaju seesaalato paelchina taruvaata, company pooliisulu janasamuuhampai 50 kii paiga 12-gaze shotgunlanu paelchaaru. "" "saantibhadratalanu punaruddharinchadaaniki prayatnistunna gumpu madhyalo unna laksavanna pooliisulu kaalpulu aapadaniki" "[eff] rantic sankethaalanu plant gaardulu vismarinchaaru". company gaardulu iddarini champi, muggurini gaayaparichaaru. september 28 varaku karmagaram moosiveyabadindi, kevalam 500 mandhi udyogulu matrame paniki nivedinchaaru. sammeku mundu 72 mandhi african americanlanu matrame niyaminchina laxavanna steel, aneka vaela mandhi block strike breakerlanu niyaminchi, karyakalapalanu nirvahinchadaaniki vaarini nagaraniki teesukuvacchindi. aagrahinchina union kaaryakartalu raajakeeya karyakalapala vaipu mallaru. 1919 november 4naa nagaram yokka kramam tappakunda schedule cheyabadina mayer resulo tomy tirigi ennikaloo odipoyaadu mariyu zaan hetch. gibbons, oka saamyavaadi, ennikayyaaru. 1920 janavari 8naa jaateeya nirvaahaka kamitee sammenu upasamharinchukunnappatiki, gibbons ennika sammenu punaruddharinchindi mariyu kontamandi kaarmikulu juun 1920 varaku konasagaru. company thana samme kaarmikulanu venakki teesukunnappudu samme tarvaata daadaapu anni nalla sammekaarulanu tolaginchaaru. nirvahana pracharam viphalamaindi, conny 1935loe jaateeya kaarmika sambandhaala chattam aamodinchabadina taruvaata 1930la chivaralo ukku kaarmikula nirvahana kamitee samsthanu nirvahinchindi.
nirvaahaka drive taruvaata rendu samvatsaraalalo, company laabhadaayakatalo vistrutamaina maarpulanu chudatam konasaaginchindi. 1920loe, company labhalu mallee padipoyayi, mariyu vileenam gurinchi pukaarlu vachayi. 1920 chivarilo company tananu taanu labhadayakamga prakatinchukundi, aapai 1921loe pedda lotunu nivedinchindi. 1921 aktobaru madhyalo company tananu taanu vikrayinchavacchani pukaarlu vachayi, conny vaastavaaniki samstha konugolu jorunu konasaaginchindi mariyu oka pig iron tayaareedaaruni mariyu oka ukku vantena tayaareedaaruni tolaginchindi.
taruvaati aneka samvatsaraallo, leiswanna plant bhouthikamgaa vistarinchadam konasaagindi, daani panulu ippudu rendu mailla (3 kimmy) kante ekkuva teerapraantamlo tirugutuu, sameepamloni hamberg pattanamloki vyaapinchayi. leesavanna ukku, leesavanna nagaramlo 75 saatam pannulanu chellinchi, nagara prabhutvaanni samarthavantamgaa niyantrinchindi.
1922loe, leiswanna ukku chaalaa pedda lotunu nivedinchindi, idhi pradhanamgaa bhaarii newyork ukku millu yokka vruddhaapya parikaraalache nadapabadindi.
bethleheim ukku samvatsaraalu.
1922loe, leesavanna steel koo. company 62 samvatsaraala swaatantryaaniki mugimpu palukutuu bethleheim ukku company dheenini konugolu chesindi. appatiki vileenam pukaarlu companyni chaalaa samvatsaraalugaa peedinchaayi. rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva "chinna ukku" companyla madhya vileenam jaragabotondane pukaarlu-mea pakkana unna parimaanamlo atipedda edu ukku companylu.ess. ukku-1921 november mariyu december loe mariyu 1922 varaku konasaagindi. 1922 april chivaralo, edu "chinna ukku" samsthalu rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva companyla viliinaanni bahirangamgaa charchinchadam praarambhinchaayi.ess. ukku. eee samsthala pradhana kaaryanirvahakulu mariyu runadaatalu okari karmagaralanu marokaru sandarsinchi vaatini anchanaa vaestaaru mariyu prati samstha yokka aardhika saadhyatanu anchanaa vaestaaru. sandarsinchina vaarilo upstate newyorkloni laxavanna steel company plant kooda undhi.
1922 mae 11naa, oka billion dollarla companyni srushtinche vileenamlo bethleheim steel konugolu cheyadaaniki angeekarinchinatlu leesavanna steel prakatinchindi. pettubadi lekapovadam valla "vaadukalo laenivi" gaa varninchabadina lessavanna millulanu meruguparachadaaniki $10 millionlu kharchu chestamani bethleheim steel telipindi. samyukta raashtraala ukku utpattilo 10 saatam samyukta samstha niyantrinchindi, ayithe yuu.ess. ukku 45 saatam varaku niyantrinchabadindi.
sudeergha antitrust daryaaptu jarigindi. united states senate federal trade commission (eftisi) mariyu nyaya vibhaganni vileenam prakatinchina marusati roeju daryaaptu cheyamani korindi, idhi eftisi mae 14naa chesindi. mae madhyalo rendu companylu viliinaanni aamodinchinanduna, senate mariyu eftisi okkokkati ververu daryaaptu nirvahinchaayi. 1922 juun 5naa, eee vileenam sherman antitrust chattanni ullanghinchindani nirdhaaristuu eftisi oka nivedikanu vidudala chesindi. ayithe, united states attarney general harry emm. juun 22naa dougherty eftisini raddu chesindi. vileenam chivaraku october 10,1922naa amalloki vachindi. aaru dasaabdaala taruvaata, bethleheim ukku bahusha company viluvalo sagam kante takkuvaku likevanna ukkunu konugolu chesindani aardhika vislaeshakulu gamaninchaaru. taruvaati dasaabdamloo, bethleheim ukku $40 millionlaku paiga kharchutho lakwanna saitnu aadhuneekarinchindi.
20va sataabdamloo ekkuva bhaagam ukku tayaareeki laxavanna kendramgaa konasaagindi. 1940laloe, laxavanna ukku millu 20,000 mandiki paiga udyogulanu niyaminchindi, idhi prapanchamlone atipedda ukku karmagaram.
taggutundi.
1970luu mariyu 1980laloe, bethleheim ukku, leesawana ukku karmagaram vaadukalo lekunda cheyadaaniki anumatinchindi. videshee pootii kaaranamgaa leesavanna vadda utpatti cheyabadina chaalaa utpattula tayaareeni konasaginchadam aardhikamgaa asadhyam ayindi. bethleheim steel kooda newyork raashtramlo adhika pannu retlanu ishtapadaledu, mariyu rashtra mariyu samakhya adhikaarulaku avasaramaina gaali mariyu neeti kalushya taggimpuku millionla dollarlanu kharchu cheyalanukoledu. company indianaloni burns harberlo kotta sadupaayaanni nirminchindi mariyu leesavanna vadda kotta ukku utpatti paddhatullo pettubadulu pettadam nilipivesindi.
1982loe, bethleheim steel newyorkloni leesawana steel plantlo daadaapu anni utpattulanu moosivestunnatlu prakatinchindi. aneka american ukku companyla maadirigaane bethleheim ukku kooda gananeeyamaina aardhika samasyalanu edurkontondi. 1970la chivaralo plant yokka saadhyatanu tirigi anchanaa vaeyadaaniki mariyu plaantnu terichi unchadaaniki company aneka bahiranga prayatnaalu chesinappatiki, moosiveta anedi chaalaa mandiki mundastu nirnayam. 1982 juun 25naa bethleheim steel, lakwanna sadupaayaanni moosivesi, migilina 10,000 mandhi kaarmikulanu aaru varallo tolaginchanunnatlu prakatinchindi. eee vaartala ardham leiswanna, west seneca mariyu gedelalo adanamgaa 8,000 mandhi kaarmikulanu tolaginchadam. karmagaramlo gede aadhaarita gibraulter ukku samsthaku aasakti kaliginche prayatnam jarigindi, conny eee prayatnam viphalamaindi.
aktobaru 15,1982naa laxavanna ukku karmagaram thana karyakalapalanu chaalaa varaku nilipivesindi. tudi moosivetaku mundu company alala kaaranamgaa kaarmikulanu tolaginchindi, inca aneka mandhi itarulanu badilee chesindi. karmagaram thana karyakalapalanu nilipivesina rojuna, 6,000 mandiki paiga kaarmikulu tama udyogaalanu kolpoyaru (vaarilo ekkuva mandhi adhika vetanam pondutunnaru). bethleheim ukku chellinche pannula mottam nagara aadaayamlo 66 saatam nundi kevalam 8 saataaniki padipovadamtho, kevalam praathamika sevalanu nirvahinchadaaniki 22,700 mandhi prajalu chaalaa pedda pannu perugudalanu edurkonnaru. adanamgaa, nagaram companyki $5 millionlaku paiga pannu adanapu chaarjeelanu chellinchaalsi undhi. tolaginchina ukku kaarmikula anchu prayojanaalanu mundugaane raddu chesinanduku united ukku kaarmikulu taruvaata bethleheim ukkupai vijayavantamgaa daavaa vaesaaru.
1982 taruvaata ukku utpatti.
1982loe saamuuhika tolagimpula taruvaata lakkevanalo chinna unikini konasaaginchina bethleheim steel, 2001loe lakkevaana saitlo coque utpattini nilipivesindi, galvanized steel finishing plant sumaru 250 mandiki upaadhi kalpinchindi. 2003loe bethleheim diwala teesina taruvaata, eee karmagaranni antarjaateeya ukku samuuham konugolu chesindi. idhi 2004loe mittal steel companylo vileenam ayyindi. 2006loe, eee karmagaram arcelormittal yaajamaanyamloki vachindi, idhi chivariki 2009loe leesavanna vadda thana karyakalapalanu muginchindi.
1993loe, veritas capital bethleheim nundi baar, raad mariyu wire plantlalo okadaanni konugolu chesindi mariyu daani anubandha samstha baar technologies kinda automobile steering kaalamlanu tayaaru cheyadam praarambhinchindi. appati nundi eee karyakalapalanu republic steel swaadheenam chesukundi, idhi vaedi chuttabadina baarlu mariyu kaayilsnu tayaaru chestundi mariyu 270 mandiki upaadhi kalpistundi. idhi lakkevaanaaloni maajee bethleheim soukaryaalalo chivari ukku utpattini suuchistumdi.
kenadian yaajamaanyamloni ukku gottala tayaareedaaru ayina welded tube, 2013loe soukaryam yokka paschima bhaagamlo kotta karmagaranni nirminchi praarambhinchindi.
mantalu.
2014 mariyu 2016 madhya moodu chinna mantalu munupati lakwanna panulanu taakaayi. modati agni 2014 loe sambhavinchindi, fibravari mariyu october 2016 loe adanapu mantalu sambhavinchaayi. moodu mantalu joladge nirmaanam yaajamaanyamloni mariyu nirvahinche mulch-grounding sadupaayamlo sambhavinchaayi.
2016 november 9naa, plant yokka puurva galvanising, colled millu mariyu hott millu bhavanaalalo unna paarisraamika padaarthaala recycling sadupaayaanni bhaarii agnipramaadam taakindi. mandey padaarthaalapai light bulb paelina taruvaata udayam 7 gantalaku praarambhamaina mantalanu, lakwanna, gede mariyu hamberg nundi 100 mandiki paiga agnimaapaka sibbandi poraadaaru. mantala kaaranamgaa aneka paelullu sambhavinchaayi, idhi nirmaanam yokka paikappunu koolchivesi, daaniki itara bhaarii nashtanni kaliginchindi. federal mariyu rashtra paryaavarana adhikarulu mantala nundi aarogya pramaadaalanu paryaveekshinchadaaniki ghatana sthalaaniki cherukunnaru, idhi agni kaaranamgaa sameepamloni parisaraalanu khaalii cheyataaniki mariyu poga pramaadaala kaaranamgaa rendu praathamika paatasaalalanu muusivaeyadaaniki kaaranamaindi. mantalu chelarege sidhilaalu leesavanna nagaram mariyu hamberg pattanampai paddayi. mantalu adupu cheyabaddaayi conny november 10 udayam inca mandutunnaayi, porugu praantaalanu mariyu paatasaalalanu nirantaram khaalii cheyalsina avasaram undhi.
punaraabhivruddhi.
1988loe epa plant yokka vanarula parirakshana mariyu punaruddharana chattam (rcra) sadupayala anchanaa nirvahinchina taruvaata paryaavarana parirakshana samstha (epa) eee leesavanna ukku karmagaranni suupar fund saitga prakatinchindi. newyork rashtram taruvaata dheenini 2va taragati nishkriyaatmaka pramaadakara vyardhaala pradaesamgaa prakatinchindi, idhi eee pradaesam maanava aarogyaaniki mariyu paryaavaranaaniki gananeeyamaina sambhaavya muppunu kaligistundani suuchistumdi. 1990 augustulo, bethleheim steel (tekmseh punaraabhivruddhi, ink gaa panichestondi.) mariyu pramaadakara vyardhaala vidudala yokka swabhaavam mariyu paridhini gurtinchadaaniki mariyu parisoedhanala samayamlo kanugonagala edainaa atyavasara paristhitulanu tagginchadaaniki bethleheim steel avasaramayye paripalana sammati uttarvunu epa pravesapettindi. bethleheim steel mariyu daani varasudu corporations appati nundi rcra facility investigation (rfi) nivedikalanu samarpistunnaayi. rfi 2004loe puurtikaavaalsi unnappatikee, juun 2008 natiki idhi inca puurti kaaledu. 2002 naati chinna vyapara baadhyata upasamanam mariyu brounfields punarujjeevana chattam kinda eee karmagaranni 2003loe brounfieldga kooda prakatinchaaru. idhi leesavanna nagaranni saitlo kontha bhaganni punaraabhivruddhi cheyadaaniki samakhya sahaya dabbuku arhata kalpinchinappatikii, mae 2006 natiki sahakaara oppandam santakam cheyabadaledu.
leiswanna nagaram konni munupati leiswanna ukku karmagara bhoomini chinna vyapara mandalaluga punarvyavastheekarinchindi, 1980la chivaralo pattanaaniki 700 udyogaalanu tirigi teesukuvacchindi.
bii. kyuu. energy yaajamaanyamloni enimidi windmillu wind phaam ayina steel winds, paatha plant yokka slaag kuppalapai september 2006loe praarambhinchabadindi. 2012loe maroe 14 turbinelu jodinchabaddaayi.
2018 natiki, eeree kounteeki 240 ekaraala vistiirnamloo eee samudaayam undhi. 140 ekaraala puurvapu brownfieldnu sarididdaaru, ippudu oka bike maargam aastilo kontha bhaganni vistarinchi undhi.
chaaritraka pradaesaalu.
pensylvanialoni scranton sameepamlo unna laxavanna ukku samstha yokka asalu raathi kolimulu 1991loe chaaritraka pradaesaala jaateeya registerlo unchabaddaayi.
scranton sameepamlo unna asalu raathi kolimulatoe paatu, company yokka aneka itara nirmaana prajectulu chaaritraka pradaesaala jaateeya registerlo jabita cheyabaddaayi. veetilo ivi unnaih
prajaadarana pondina samskrutilo laxavanna ukku.
2001loe, toney avaardu geluchukunna natudu mariyu naataka rachayita ruben santiago-hudson "leiswanna blues" anae oka vyakti natakam raasaaru, idhi newyorkloni leaswannalo perigina naataka rachayita balyam yokka kalpita samskarananu varnistundi. rendu obee avaardulanu geluchukunna eee naatakamlo, leiswanna steel companylo panichese ledhaa panichesina aneka paatralu unnaayi. eee naatakarangam, mariyu pattanamlo company paatra naatakamlo chalasarlu charchinchabadindi.

