
penlop

penlope (jonkhah <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk>; wiley "dpone-slab"; pomlop, pomlop anie kooda pilustaaru) anedi dadapuga governor gaa anuvadinchabadina jonkha padam. ekikaranaku mundu bhutanese penlops desamloni konni jillaalanu niyantrinchevi, conny ippudu vatiki paripalana karyalayam ledhu. badulugaa, penlops ippudu puurtigaa wangchak intiki lobadi unnaayi.
saampradayakamgaa, bhutan tommidi praavinsulanu kaligi undih trongsa, paaro, punakha, wangdue fodrang, daga (taca, tarka ledhaa taga kooda), bumthang, thimphu, kurtoid (kurtoi, kuru-tode kooda), mariyu kurmed (ledhaa kurme, kuru-maad). kurtoyad mariyu kurmed praavinsulanu oka sthaanika paripalanaga kalipi, saampradaaya governorla sankhya enimidigaa migilchindi. kontamandi prabhuvulu penlopes kaga, itarulu jongpen anae birudunu kaligi unnaaru (jonkhah <unk>hjii ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ; wiley "rjong-dpon"; kooda "jongpen", "dzongpön"), eee birudunu "governor" anie kooda anuvadinchaaru."" "haa governor" "vanti itara chaaritraka birudulu kooda pradaanam cheyabaddaayi".
dwandwa prabhutva vyavastha kinda, penlopes mariyu jongpens siddhaantaparamgaa tama sonta raajyaalaku yajamaanulu, conny druck deshee sevakulu. ayithe aacharanalo, avi kaneesa kendra prabhutva niyantranalo undevi, trongsa penlop mariyu paaro penlop migilina sthaanika prabhuvulapai aadhipatyam chelayinchayi. anni governor postulanu shobdrung ngawang namgyal, taruvaata druk deshee adhikarikamga niyaminchinappatikii, trongsa penlop vanti konni karyalayalu "vaastavamgaa" vamsapaaramparyamgaa undevi mariyu konni kutumbaalalo niyaminchabaddaayi. penlopes mariyu jongpens tarachugaa itara prabhutva karyalayalanu kaligi undevaaru, udaaharanaku druck deshee, zhe khenpo, itara praavinsula governor, ledhaa adhe karyalayamlo rendava ledhaa moodava padaveekaalam.
bhutan varasudu mariyu raaju ippatikee kontakaalam trongsa anae birudunu kaligi unnadu, endukante idhi simhasananni pondadaaniki mundu wangchak illu kaligi unna asalu sthaanam.
charitra.
bhutan yokka prarambha daivaparipalana dwandwa prabhutva vyavastha kinda, taggutunna prabhaavavantamaina kendra prabhutva niyantrana phalitamgaa 1651loe shobdrung nangwang namgyal maranam taruvaata shobdrung karyalayam "vaastavamgaa" vichchinnamaindi. eee vyavastha kinda, shobdrung loukika druck deshee mariyu mataparamaina jay khenpopai paalinchaaru. rendu vaarasulaina shabdrunglu-nagwang namgyal kumarudu (1651) mariyu savati sodarudu (1680)-prasangam, manassu mariyu sariiraanni pratibimbimchae bahula shabdrang avataaraala aavishkarana dwara adhikaram marinta vidipoye varaku druck deshee mariyu jay khenpo chetha samarthavantamgaa niyantrinchabaddaaru. shobdrung mariyu tibet mariyu mangol saamrajyam nundi dandayaatrala nepathyamlo poura yuddham nepathyamlo perugutunna loukika praantiiya prabhuvulu (penlopes mariyu jongpens) adhikaram kosam pootii paddaru. trongsa mariyu paaro yokka penlops, mariyu punakha, thimphu mariyu wangdue fodrangla yokka jongpans praantiiya aadhipatyam kosam pootiiloo mukhyamgaa gurtinchadagina vyaktulu.
eee raajakeeya drushyamlo, madhya bhutan looni bumthang praantamloo wangchak kutumbam udbhavinchindi. eee kutumbam nyo vamsaaniki chendinadi, mariyu bhutanese ningmapa sadhuvu pema lingpa nundi vachindi. bhutan dandayaatrala samayamlo tibetku maddatugaa unna tibeton muulaaniki chendina aneka paatha kuleena kutumbaalanu bharti chestu, neo vamsam sthaanika kuleenulugaa udbhavinchindi. alaa cheyadam dwara, eee vamsam trongsa yokka vamsapaaramparya sthaanaanni, alaage mukhyamaina jaateeya mariyu sthaanika prabhutva sthaanaalanu aakraminchindi.
trongsa penlop madhya mariyu thoorpu bhuutaannu niyantrinchindi; paaro yokka pratyarthi penlop paschima bhuutaannu niyantrinchindi; mariyu jongpans vaari sambandhita jongs chuttoo unna praantaalanu niyantrinchaayi. thoorpu jongpenlu saadhaaranamgaa trongsa penlop niyantranalo undevi, vaariki 1853loe vaarini niyaminche adhikaram adhikarikamga ivvabadindi. trongsa maadirigaa kakunda, paaro penlop anedi druck deshee kendra prabhutvam niyaminchina karyalayam. paaro penlop niyantranalo unna paschima praantaalalo laabhadaayakamaina vaanijya margalu unnanduna, idhi kuleena kutumbaala madhya pooteeki guraindi.
bhutan 19va sataabdam varaku tibet mariyu british india rendintitoonuu saadhaaranamgaa anukuulamaina sambandhaalanu kaligi unnappatikee, bhutan sarihaddula vadda british shakti vistaranatoe paatu british sikkimlo tibeton chorabaatlu rajakeeyamgaa vyatiraeka tibet anukuula mariyu britton anukuula dalaalanu nirvachinchaayi. paschima mariyu madhya bhutan madhya mariyu lopala teevramaina satrutvam, tibet nundi mariyu mukhyamgaa british saamrajyam nundi bahya saktulatoe kalisi, trongsa penlop adhirohanaku paristhitulanu andinchindi.
britton (1864-65) thoo jarigina dwar yuddham taruvaata, alaage gananeeyamaina praadaesika nashtalu (cooch behar 1835; assam dwars 1841) taruvaata, saayudha sangharshana antargatamgaa maarindi. 1870loe, konasagutunna antaryuddhaala madhya, trongsa yokka penlop jigme namgyal druk deshee kaaryaalayaaniki cherukunnaru. 1879loe, athanu thana 17 yella kumarudu ugyen vaangchaknu paaroku penlapga niyaminchaadu. jigme nangyal thana maranam varaku 1881loe paalinchaadu, padavee viramana kaalalu kaaranamgaa athanu desampai samarthavanthamaina niyantrananu konasaginchadu.
1882 mariyu 1885 madhya varusa antaryuddhaalu mariyu tirugubatla taruvaata britton anukuula penlope ugyen wangchak chivariki tibet anukuula mariyu britton vyatiraeka penlope paaroku vyatiraekamgaa vijayam saadhinchaadu. 1881loe thana tandri maranam taruvaata, ugyen wangchak trongsa penlope postupai vairamloki pravesinchaadu. 1882loe, 20 samvatsaraala vayassulo, athanu bumthang mariyu trongsa meeda kavaatu chesi, paaroku adanamgaa trongsa penlop padavini geluchukunnadu. 1885loe, ugyen wangchak punakha mariyu thimphu yokka jongpenla madhya gharshanalo jokyam chesukuni, rendu vaipula tolaginchi, simtokha jongnu swaadheenam chesukunnadu. eee samayam nundi, deshee karyalayam puurtigaa aacharabaddhamgaa maarindi.
kaajee" ugyen dorjee salaha icchina, adhikaaramlo drudhamgaa unna trongsa penlup ugyen wangchak, tibetku british dandayaatratho paatu amoolyamaina madhyavartigaa thana modati british nitehoodnu sampaadinchaadu. penlup ugyen wangchak 1904loe keseelo nitehoodnu marinta sampaadinchaadu. adhe samayamlo, adhikarikamga gurtinchabadina chivari shobdrung mariyu druck deshee varusaga 1903 mariyu 1904loe maraninchaaru. phalitamgaa, appatike panicheyani dwandwa prabhutva vyavasthalo vidyut shoonyata erpadindi. poura paripalana penlope ugyen wangchak chetulloki vachindi, 1907 novemberlo mataachaaryulu, adhikarulu mariyu kuleena kutumbaala pramukha sabhyula samavesam dwara athanu vaarasatvamgaa ekagreevamgaa ennikayyaadu. ayana simhasananni adhishtinchadam daadaapu 300 samvatsaraala paatu amalulo unna saampradaaya dwandwa prabhutva vyavasthaku mugimpu palikindi. idhi swatantra penlops yokka saampradaaya sthaanaaniki mugimpunu kooda suuchimchimdi. trongsa yokka penlop anae sheershika-ledhaa trongsa yokka maroka paeru ayina chotse yokka penlop-kireetam yuvarajulache konasaginchabadindi.
trongsa yokka penlops.
tangsab" (jonkhah Коронгса сотонса сононга сононса соното соне сото сото сона сона сото сое со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со со 19va sataabdamloo, trongsa penlop eee raajyamlooni rendu atyanta saktivantamaina karyalayalalo okatigaa udbhavinchindi, idhi paaro penlop minaha migataa annintinee attaduguna unchindi. 1853loe jigme namgyel ("deb nagpo", "block deb" anie kooda pilustaaru) aarohana natiki, eee karyalayam vaastavamgaa vamsapaaramparyamgaa undedi, idhi nyo vamsaaniki chendina wangchak intiche drudhamgaa nirvahinchabadindi. kutumbamloni chaalaa mandhi sabhyulu trongsa penlope sthaanaaniki mundu, samayamlo ledhaa taruvaata itara prabhutva karyalayalanu aakramincharu.
paaro yokka penlops.
paaro yokka penlaaplanu "parob" anie kooda pilicheevaaru (jonkhah <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk>; wiley "spaa-robe"). karyalayam abhivruddhi chendadamtho, trongsa yokka british anukuula penlapto pootii kooda perigindi. chivariki, penlop off paaro yokka swaatantryam house off vaangchaktho vileenam kaavadamtho mugisindi.
daga yokka penlops.
daga yokka penlop, ledhaa "dagab" (jonkha <unk>; wiley "dhaar-duckarb"), aadhunika dagana jillaalooni daga anae pattanamlo undhi.