
lakshya aushadha pampinhee

konnisaarlu smart drugg delivery anie piluvabade lakshya aushadha pampinhee, rogiki mandulanu pampinhee chese paddhati, idhi itarulatoe poliste sariiramlooni konni bhagalalo mandula yekagratanu penche vidhamgaa untundi. eee pampinhee sadhanam ekkuvagaa nanomedicine meeda aadharapadi undhi, idhi sampradaaya aushadha pampinhee yokka pathanaalanu edurkovataniki nanopartical-madhyavartitva aushadha pampineeni upayoginchaalani yochistondi. eee suukshmakanaalu mandulatho nindi untaayi mariyu vyaadhigrasta kanajaalam matrame unna sariiramlooni nirdishta bhaagaalanu lakshyamgaa chesukuntaayi, tadwara aarogyakaramaina kanajaalamtho paraspara charyanu nivaaristaayi. vyaadhigrasta kanajaalamtho rakshita aushadha paraspara charyanu podiginchadam, sthaanikeekarinchadam, lakshyamgaa pettukovadam mariyu kaligi undatam lakshyamgaa unna aushadha pampinhee vyavastha yokka lakshyam. saampradaaya aushadha pampinhee vyavastha anedi jeeva pora antataa aushadhaanni grahinchadam, ayithe "lakshya vidudala vyavastha" aushadhaanni motaadu roopamlo vidudala chestundi. lakshya vidudala vyavasthaku prayojanaalu emitante, roogi teesukunna motaadula tarachudanam taggadam, aushadham yokka marinta ekareeti prabhavanni kaligi undatam, aushadha dushprabhaavaalanu tagginchadam mariyu prasarana aushadha sthaayilalo hecchutaggulanu tagginchadam. vyavastha yokka pratikuulata adhika vyayam, idhi utpaadakatanu marinta kashtataram chestundi mariyu motaadulanu sardubaatu chese saamarthyam taggutundi.
punarutpaadaka paddhatulanu optimize cheyadaaniki lakshya aushadha pampinhee vyavasthalu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. eee vyavastha sariiramlooni vyaadhigrasta praantaaniki nirdishta mottamlo chikitsa agentnu sudeerghakaalam varaku andinche paddhatipai aadharapadi untundi. idhi sareeramlo avasaramaina plasma mariyu kanajaala aushadha sthaayilanu nirvahinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi, tadwara aushadham dwara aarogyakaramaina kanajaalaaniki etuvanti nashtam jaragakunda nirodhistundi. aushadha pampinhee vyavastha atyanta samagramainadi mariyu eee vyavasthanu anukuulaparachadaaniki rasayana saastravettalu, jeevasaastravettalu mariyu injaneerlu vanti vividha vibhagalu balagalu cheraali.
nepathyam.
noti dwara teesukovadam ledhaa intravascular injection vanti saampradaaya aushadha pampinhee vyavasthalalo, eee aushadham daihika rakta prasarana dwara sareeram antataa pampinhee cheyabadutundi. chaalaa chikitsa agentlaku, aushadham yokka chinna bhaagam matrame prabhaavitamayye avayavaniki cherutundi, udaaharanaku chemotherapylo, sumaru 99 saatam mandulu kaniti unna pradaesaaniki cherukovu. lakshya aushadha pampinhee migilina kanajaalaalo aushadham yokka saapeksha yekagratanu taggistuu aasaktigala kanajaalaalo mandulanu kendreekarinchadaaniki prayatnistundi. udaaharanaku, atidheya yokka rakshana vidhaanaalanu nivaarinchadam dwara mariyu kaaleyam mariyu pleehamlo nirdishtam kaani pampineeni nirodhinchadam dwara, oka vyavastha adhika saandratalaloo uddesinchina charya sthalaaniki cherukovacchu. lakshyita delivery dushprabhaavaalanu taggistune saamarthyaanni meruguparustundani nammutaaru.
lakshya vidudala vyavasthanu amalu chesetappudu, vyavastha kosam eee krindi roopakalpana pramaanaalanu parigananaloki teesukovali aushadha lakshanaalu, aushadhaala dushprabhaavaalu, aushadham pampinhee kosam teesukunna maargam, lakshya sait mariyu vyaadhi.
kotta chikitsalaku abhivruddhini penchadaaniki niyantrita suukshma vaataavaranam avasaram, idhi chikitsa agentla amalu dwara matrame saadhinchabadutundi, dheeni dushprabhaavaalanu lakshyamgaa aushadha pampinheetho nivaarinchavacchu. cardiac kanajaalaaniki lakshya aushadha pampinhee rangamlo purogati cardiac kanajaalaanni punarutpatti cheyadaaniki oka antarbhaagamgaa untundi.
rendu rakaala lakshya aushadha pampinheelu unnaih konni antibody mandulu vanti kriyaaseela lakshya aushadha pampinhee, mariyu merugaina paaragamyata mariyu nilupudala prabhavam (ii. pii. aarr-prabhavam) vanti nishkriyaatmaka lakshya aushadha pampinhee.
lakshya paddhatulu.
suukshmakanaalu kevalam vyaadhigrasta kanajaalam unna praantaalalo kendrikarinche eee saamarthyam okati ledhaa rendu lakshya saadhanaala dwara saadhinchabadutundih nishkriyaatmaka ledhaa kriyaaseela.
nishkriyaatmaka lakshyam.
chikitsa agentnu lakshya avayavaniki nishkriyamgaa cherukune macromalicule ledhaa nanopartical loki cherchadam dwara nishkriyaatmaka lakshyam saadhinchabadutundi. nishkriyaatmaka lakshyeekaranalo, aushadham yokka vijayam neerugaa prasarana samayaniki sambandhinchinadi. suukshmakanaalanu oka vidhamaina puuthathoo kappadam dwara idhi saadhinchabadutundi. aneka padaarthaalu dheenini saadhinchagalavu, vaatilo okati polyethylene glycol (pegg). suukshmakanaala uparitalaaniki pegnu jodinchadam dwara, idhi hydrophilicga anuvadinchabadutundi, tadwara neeti anuvulu hydrogen bandham dwara pegg meeda unna oxygen anuvulatho bandhinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. eee bandham yokka phalitam suukshmakanaala chuttoo aardreekarana pora, idhi padaarthaanni antifagocyticga chestundi. reticuloendothelial system (res) kuu sahajamaina hydrophobic paraspara charyala kaaranamgaa kanaalu eee lakshanaanni pondutaayi, tadwara aushadhamtho nindina nanopartical ekkuva kaalam circulationlo undagaladu. nishkriyaatmaka lakshyam yokka eee yantraamgamtho kalisi panicheyadaaniki, 10 mariyu 100 nanometers madhya parimaanamlo unde suukshmakanaalu ekkuva kaalam kramabaddhamgaa prasarana chendutayani kanugonabadindi.
kriyaaseela lakshyam.
aushadha-load chesina suukshmakanaala churukaina lakshyam suukshmakanaalanu lakshya pradaesaaniki marinta nirdishtamgaa cheyadaaniki nishkriyaatmaka lakshyam yokka prabhavalanu penchutundi. kriyaaseela lakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki aneka margalu unnaayi. sariiramlooni vyaadhigrasta kanajaalaanni matrame churukuga lakshyamgaa chesukovadaniki oka maargam emitante, aaa aushadham yea kanaaniki lakshyamgaa untundo aaa kanampai grahaka swabhaavaanni telusukovadam. parisoedhakulu appudu kana-nirdishta ligandlanu upayoginchavacchu, idhi suukshmakanaalu paripuurakaramaina grahakanni kaligi unna kanamtho pratyaekamgaa bandhinchadaaniki anumatistundi. transferrinnu kana-nirdishta ligandga upayoginchinappudu eee rakamaina kriyaaseela lakshyam vijayavantamaindi. transferrin-receptor madhyavartitva endocytosis vidhaanaalanu kaligi unna kaniti kanaalanu lakshyamgaa chesukovadaniki transferrin suukshma kanaalaku samyogam cheyabadindi. eee lakshya sadhanam, samyugmitam kaani suukshmakanaalaku viruddhamgaa, viniyogam penchutundani kanugonabadindi. maroka kana-nirdishta ligand anedi integrin αvβ3 thoo bandhinche rgd muulaamsam. eee integrin kaniti mariyu sakriyam cheyabadina endothelial kanaalalo niyantrinchabadutundi. chemotherapy-load chesina nanoparticals kuu argedy samyogam cancer kanaala "inn vitro" mariyu chikitsa saamarthyaanni "inn vivo" penchutundani choopabadindi.
magnetoliposomlanu upayoginchadam dwara kooda kriyaaseela lakshyanni saadhinchavachchu, idhi saadhaaranamgaa magnetic resonance imaginglo contrast agentga panichestundi. anduvalla, sariiramlooni oka praantaaniki andinchadaaniki kaavalasina mandutho eee liposomlanu antinchadam dwara, ayaskanta sthaanam eee prakriyaku sahaayapadutundi.
antekakunda, suukshmakanaalu lakshya sthalaaniki pratyaekamaina trigger dwara sakriyam cheyagala saamarthyaanni kaligi undavacchu, udaaharanaku pratispandinche padaarthaalanu upayoginchadam. sareeramlo chaalaa varaku sthiramaina, tatastha pH kaligi untundi. ayithe, sariiramlooni konni praantaalu sahajamgaa itarulakanna ekkuva aamlatvaanni kaligi untaayi, anduvalla, suukshma kanaalu oka nirdishta pihech nii edurkonnappudu aushadhaanni vidudala cheyadam dwara eee saamarthyaanni sadviniyogam chesukovacchu. maroka nirdishta trigger mechanism redox potential meeda aadharapadi untundi. kanitula yokka dushprabhavalalo okati hypoxia, idhi kaniti sameepamlo unna redox saamarthyaanni maarustundi. payload vidudalanu prerepinche redox saamarthyaanni savarinchadam dwara vesicles vividha rakaala kanitulaku empika cheyavachu.
nishkriyaatmaka mariyu kriyaaseela lakshyanni upayoginchadam dwara, aushadham-load chesina suukshmakanaalu sampradaaya aushadham kante ekkuva prayojanaanni kaligi untaayi. kana-nirdishta ligandlu, ayaskanta sthaanam ledhaa pihech pratispandinche padaarthaala vadakam dwara daani lakshyaaniki vijayavantamgaa aakarshinchabade varaku idhi sareeram antataa ekkuva kaalam paatu prasarinchagaladu. eee prayojanaala kaaranamgaa, mandulatho nindina suukshmakanaalu vyaadhigrasta kanajaalaanni matrame prabhaavitam cheyadam valla sampradaaya aushadhaala nundi dushprabhaavaalu ekkuvagaa taggutaayi. edemaina, nanotoxicology anie piluvabade abhivruddhi chendutunna rangam suukshmakanaalu tama sonta dushprabhaavaalato paryaavaranam mariyu maanava aarogyam rendintikee muppu kaliginchavacchani aandolana vyaktam chesindi. peptide aadhaarita aushadha lakshya vyavastha dwara kooda kriyaaseela lakshyanni saadhinchavachchu.
ravana vahanalu.
polymeric mysellu, liposomelu, lipoprotein aadhaarita aushadha vahakalu, naano-partical aushadha vahakalu, dendrimerlu modalaina vividha rakaala aushadha pampinhee vahanalu unnaayi. aadarsavantamaina aushadha pampinhee vahanam vishapuuritam kaanidi, jeeva anukuulamainadi, roganirodhaka shakti laenidi, jeevaadhokaranam chendedigaa undaali mariyu atidheya yokka rakshana yantraamgaala dwara gurtimpunu nivaarinchaali.
peptides.
kana uparitala peptidelu lakshya kanamloki aushadha pampineeni pravesapettadaaniki oka marganni andistaayi. eee paddhatini peptide lakshya kanaala uparitala graahakaalaku bandhinchadam dwara saadhinchabadutundi, roganirodhaka rakshananu daatavese vidhamgaa, lekapothe atidheyaku haani kaliginchakundaa, nemmadigaa delivareeni rajipade vidhamgaa. mukhyamgaa, intercellular addession molecule-1 vanti peptides, lakshya kanamlo goppa bandhinche saamarthyaanni choopinchaayi. eee binding anubandham phalitamgaa swayam pratirakshaka vyaadhulu mariyu cancer roopaalu rendintikee chikitsa cheyadamlo eee paddhati kontha varaku saamarthyaanni choopinchindi. peptidesnu tayaaru cheyadaaniki takkuva kharchu mariyu vaati nirmaanam yokka saralata kaaranamgaa peptide madhyavartitva delivery kooda asajanakamga untundi.
liposomelu.
prastutam lakshya aushadha pampinhee kosam upayoginche atyanta saadhaarana vahanam liposome. liposomelu vishapuuritam kaanivi, haemolitic kaanivi mariyu punaraavruta injectionla tarvaata kooda roganirodhaka shakti laenivi; avi jeeva-anukuulamainavi mariyu jeevaadhokaranam chendagalavi mariyu clearance mechanisms (reticuloendothelial system (res), moothrapindaala clearance, rasayana ledhaa enzymatic nishkriyaatmakata modalainavi nivaarinchadaaniki roopondinchavacchu.) lipid aadhaarita, ligand-puuta gala nanocarrierlu tama paeloednu hydrophobic shell ledhaa hydrophilic lopali bhaagamlo nilva cheyagalavu, idhi teesukuvelutunna aushadham/contrast agent yokka swabhaavaanni batti untundi.
inn vivo" loe liposomlanu upayoginchadamlo unna ekaika samasya res vyavastha dwara vaati takshana viniyogam mariyu clearance mariyu vitrolo vaati saapekshamgaa takkuva sthirathvam. dheenini edurkovataniki, liposomla uparitalaaniki polyethylene glycol (pegg) nuu jodinchavachhu. liposomla uparitalampai pegg yokka moll saataanni 4-10% penchadam valla prasarana samayanni 200 nundi 1000 nimishaalaku gananeeyamgaa penchindi.
liposomal nanocarrier yokka pegilation nirmaanam yokka sagam jeevitaanni podigistundi, adhe samayamlo saadhaaranamgaa lipid-aadhaarita nanokyariyarlaku ivvabade nishkriyaatmaka lakshya yantraamgaanni nirvahistundi. delivery vyavasthagaa upayoginchinappudu, nirmaanamloo asthiratanu prerepinche saamarthyaanni saadhaaranamgaa upayoginchukovachhu, idhi lakshya kanajaalam/kanaaniki daggaragaa "inn vivo" loe encapsulated therapeutic agent yokka empika vidudalanu anumatistundi. glycolysis paie atigaa aadharapadatam valla kalige kaniti dravyarashi yokka aamlata aushadha vidudalanu prerepistundi kabatti eee nanocarrier vyavasthanu saadhaaranamgaa cancer nirodhaka chikitsalalo upayogistaaru.
reactive oxygen jaatulu, glutathione, enjaimlu, hypoxia mariyu adenosine-5 '-trifasphate (etipi) vanti antargata mariyu bayati kaniti vaataavaranaalanu dopidi cheyadam dwara adanapu antarjanita trigger margalu anveshinchabaddaayi, ivanni saadhaaranamgaa kanitulalo mariyu chuttupakkala ekkuvagaa untaayi. kaanti, takkuva frequency ultrasound (elphus), vidyut kshetraalu mariyu ayaskanta kshetraalu vanti bahya triggerlu kooda upayoginchabadataayi. mukhyamgaa, sysplatine mariyu calcin vanti elukalalo vividha aushadhaala niyantrita triggerlo elphus adhika saamarthyaanni pradarsinchindi.
mysels mariyu dendreamers.
upayoginche maroka rakam aushadha pampinhee vahanam polymeric mysels. avi hydrophilic mariyu hydrophobic monomer unitlatho kuudina konni amphiphilic koo-polymerla nundi tayaaru cheyabadataayi. avi paelavamaina draavaneeyata kaligina mandulanu teesukelladaaniki upayoginchavacchu. eee paddhati parimaana niyantrana ledhaa paniteeru sunnitatvam paramgaa chaalaa takkuvagaa andistundi. hydrophobic sankalanamtho paatu reactive paalimarlanu upayoginchi parimaanaala shrenini srushtinche pedda myselnu utpatti chese paddhatulu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi.
dendrimerlu kooda polymer aadhaarita delivery vahanalu. avi kramam tappakunda vidadeesi chinna, golaakaara mariyu chaalaa dattamaina nanocarriernu yerparustaayi.
jeevaadhokaranam chendhe kanaalu.
jeevaadhokaranam chendhe kanaalu vyaadhigrasta kanajaalaanni lakshyamgaa chesukogala saamarthyaanni kaligi untaayi, alaage niyantrita-vidudala chikitsagaa vaati paeloednu andistaayi. pii-selectin, endothelial selectin (ii-selectin) mariyu ii. sii. yea. emm-1 kuu ligandlanu kaligi unna jeevaadhokaranam chendhe kanaalu errabadina endothelianiki kattubadi unnatlu kanugonabadindi. anduvalla, jeevaadhokaranam chendhe kanaala vadakanni hridaya kanajaalam kosam kooda upayoginchavacchu.
microalgay aadhaarita delivery.
oopiritittulu mariyu jeernasayaantara pregulalo kriyaaseela aushadha-pampinhee kosam bio compatible microalgay hybrid microrobotlu unnaayi. elukalatho chesina pareekshalalo microrobatlu prabhaavavantamgaa niroopinchabaddaayi. rendu adhyayanaalalo, "fluorescent dye ledhaa sell membrane-puuta nanopartical functionalised algay motorlu marinta pihech-sensitive capsule lopala ponduparachabaddaayi" mariyu "antibiatic-load neutrophil membrane-puuta polymeric nanoparticals [jodinchabaddaayi] sahaja microalgetho".
krutrima dna nanostructure.
dna vanti nucleic aamlaala nundi krutrimamgaa roopondinchina nanostructurelanu nirminchadamlo dna nanotechnology vijayam, dna computing kosam vyavasthala pradarsanatoe kalipi, krutrima nucleic assid naano devicessnu daani paryaavaranaanni neerugaa grahinchadam aadhaaramgaa aushadha pampineeni lakshyamgaa chesukovadaniki upayoginchavacchani oohaagaanaalaku daariteesindi. eee paddhatulu dnnu kevalam nirmaanaatmaka padaarthamgaa mariyu rasayanamga upayogistaayi mariyu janyu samacharam yokka vahakamga daani jeeva paatranu upayoginchavu. oka nirdishta mrna vanti uddeepanaku pratispandanagaa matrame aushadhaanni vidudala chese vyavastha yokka pradhana bhaagamgaa upayoginchagala nucleic assid logic circuitlu pradarsinchabaddaayi. adanamgaa, niyantrinchadagina moothatho kuudina dna "baaks" dna origami paddhatini upayoginchi samslaeshanha cheyabadindi. eee nirmaanam oka aushadhaanni daani moosivesina sthithilo bandhinchagaladu mariyu kaavalasina uddeepanaku pratispandanagaa matrame daanini vidudala cheyadaaniki teravagaladu.
applications.
hridaya sambandha vyaadhulu mariyu madhumeham vanti aneka vyaadhulaku chikitsa cheyadaaniki lakshya aushadha pampineeni upayoginchavacchu. ayithe, cancer kanitulaku chikitsa cheyadam lakshyamgaa aushadha pampinhee yokka atyanta mukhyamaina anuvartanam. alaa cheyadamlo, kanitulanu lakshyamgaa chesukune nishkriyaatmaka paddhati merugaina paaragamyata mariyu nilupudala (epr) prabhavanni sadviniyogam chesukuntundi. idhi vaegamgaa erpade rakta naalaalu mariyu paelavamaina shosharasa paarudala phalitamgaa erpade kanitulaku pratyaekamaina paristhiti. rakta naalaalu chaalaa vaegamgaa erpadinappudu, pedda fenestray 100 nundi 600 nanometers parimaanamlo untundi, idhi merugaina suukshmakanaala pravesaanni anumatistundi. inca, paelavamaina shosharasa paarudala antey suukshmakanaala pedda pravaham arudugaa vadiliveyabadutondi, anduvalla, kaniti vijayavantamaina chikitsa kosam ekkuva suukshma kanaalanu kaligi untundi.
american haart association united stateslo maranaaniki modati kaaranam hridaya sambandha vyaadhulani anchanaa vesindi. prati samvatsaram united stateslo gundepotu anie kooda piluvabade 15 laksala myocardial inforctions (mye) sambhavistaayi, 500,000 maranaalaku daariteestaayi. gundepotuku sambandhinchina kharchulu samvatsaraaniki $60 biliyanlanu minchipothayi. anduvalla, vaanchaneeya punaruddharana vyavasthanu roopondinchaalsina avasaram undhi. eee samasyanu parishkarinchadaaniki keelakam vyaadhigrasta kanajaalaaniki neerugaa lakshyamgaa cheyagala aushadha aushadhaala samarthavanthamaina vadakam. eee saanketikata vividha vyaadhulanu nayam cheyadaaniki aneka punarutpaadaka paddhatulanu abhivruddhi cheyadamlo sahaayapadutundi. iteevali samvatsaraalalo gunde jabbulanu "nayam" cheyadaaniki aneka punarutpaadaka vyuuhaala abhivruddhi gunde jabbulanu "nirvahinchadam" lakshyamgaa pettukunna sampradaaya vidhaanaala nundi dhooramgaa oka namuunaa maarpunu suuchistumdi.
stem sell therapyni myocardium kanajaalaanni punarutpatti cheyadaaniki mariyu mye mundu suukshma vaataavaranaanni srushtinchadam/maddatu ivvadam dwara gunde yokka sankochinche paniteerunu tirigi ivvadaaniki upayoginchavacchu. kanitulaku lakshya aushadha pampinheelo parinaamaalu hridaya kanajaalaaniki lakshya aushadha pampinhee yokka abhivruddhi chendutunna rangaaniki punaadini andinchaayi. kanitulalo vividha endothelial uparitalaalu unnayani iteevali parinaamaalu choopinchaayi, idhi kanitulaku endothelial sell addession molecule-madhyavartitva lakshya aushadha pampinhee bhavanaku daariteesindi.
kshayavyadhi chikitsa kosam liposomlanu aushadha pampineegaa upayoginchavacchu. tbki saampradaaya chikitsa charmam nundi chemotherapy, idhi atigaa prabhaavavantamgaa undadu, idhi sankramana pradaesamloe taginanta saandratanu penchadamlo chemotherapy vaiphalyam kaaranamgaa undavacchu. liposome delivery vyavastha merugaina microphage chochukupovadaniki anumatistundi mariyu sankramana pradaesamloe gaadatanu baga penchutundi. mandula pampinhee sirala lopala mariyu peelchadam dwara panichestundi. jeernasayaantara vyavasthalo liposomelu vichchinnam avtayi kabatti noti dwara teesukovadam manchidi kaadu.
cancer kanitulanu marinta samarthavantamgaa elaa lakshyamgaa chesukovalo parisoedhinchadaaniki vaidyulu 3dii printingnu kooda upayogistaaru. kaniti yokka plaastik 3dii aakaraanni mudrinchi, chikitsalo upayoginche mandulatho nimpadam dwara dravam yokka pravahanni gamaninchavacchu, motaadula maarpu mariyu aushadhaala sthaanaanni lakshyamgaa chesukovadaniki veelu kalpistundi.

