
paal lapair

paal lapair (28 mae 1901-2 mae 1991) oka teevravaada araachakavaadi, arachaka-syndicalist mariyu swechchaayuta aalochanaaparudu.
jeevita charitra.
muulam mariyu prarambha samvatsaraalu.
paal lapair nairuti fraanslooni (chaalaa) chinna pattanamaina manguilhem (gers) loe janminchaadu. ayana tandri oka chinna raitu, ayana postman ayyaru. aaa kutumbam rajakeeyamgaa kattubadi undedi. paal lapair upadhyayudiga vruttini praarambhinchaadu, conny athani sainika vyatiraeka vaikhari mariyu athani antarjaateeyavaadam rashtra vidya vyavastha nundi atanini minahaayinchadaaniki daariteesaayi. 1926 navambarulo, thana sodarulu mariyu laurentlatho kalisi, confederation general du travel-syndicalist revolutionary (cgt) sthaapanalo paalgoni, aaa taruvaata france yokka pradhana kaarmika sangha samuuhamaina cgt yokka vaarapatrika raajakeeya patrikaku vyasalanu andinchaaru.
1930luu mariyu spanish antaryuddham.
1930 mariyu 1939 madhya ayana "lucifer" loe panicheesaaru, konnisaarlu "paal bordiaux" anae maaruperunu upayoginchaaru. lucifer 1929loe thana sodarudu sthaapinchina oka prachurana samstha. athanu "laa revolte" kuu kooda sahakarinchaadu, dheenini "nairuti (french) arachaka samstha" gaa varninchaaru. 1930laloe ayana 1936 spanish viplavaniki maddatugaa samavesamaina aneka bahiranga samavesalalo samarthavanthamaina vaktagaa kanipinchi, prachaarakartagaa, kaaryakartagaa kooda munduku vacchaaru. mukhyamgaa, 1936 augustulo "spanish prajala rakshana mariyu vimukti kosam arachaka-syndicatist kamitee" nirvahinchina salle vagram (auditorium) loe jarigina oka samavesamlo ayana prasanginchaaru, idhi spanish antaryuddham prarambha nelalugaa gurtinchabadina samayamlo speyinlo thana sonta iteevali sandarsana gurinchi tirigi nivedinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. 1937 janavari-marchi kaalamlo athanu confederation general du travel-syndicalist revolutionary ("shidhilamgaa", viplava kaarmika sanghaala saadhaarana samakhya "/cgt-sr) aadhvaryamlo algerialo" prachara paryatana "chesadu, spanish viplavaniki maddatugaa dozenu" samavesalanu "erpaatu chesaadu. mugguru lapair sodarulu (spanish) national confederation off laber ("confederation national dell trabazo"/ct) loe sahacharulaku aayudhalu mariyu vaidya saamaagrini sekarinchadaaniki mariyu andinchadaaniki netvarklanu erpaatu chesaaru. paal lapier bordiauxlo prachurinchabadina "ell 'espagne antifassist" anae patrikaku todpaddadu, idhi 1938 praarambhamlo andrey prudommox yokka "ell' espagne nouvelle" thoo vileenam cheyabadindi. athanu "siah" kosam raasaadu, idhi french vibhagam yokka varapu prachurana, dheeniki luis lecoin naayakatvam vahinchaaru mariyu speyinlo bayatapadutunna vishaadaaniki marinta pratispandanagaa. lapair swayamgaa cgt-sr aadesinchina speyinku aneka tadupari sandarsanalanu kooda chesaadu.
1938 septembarulo paal lapier mariyu athani sodarudu laurent paerlanu raajakeeya "cornet bii" prabhutva nigha kosam registrylo unchaaru.
yuddha khaidi.
1938 mariyu 1939 madhya france mariyu germanyla madhya maroe yuddham anivaryam avtundane nammakam perugutondi. 1939 septembarulo french prabhutvam germanypai yuddham prakatinchindi, mariyu oka saadhaarana sameekarana amalu cheyabadindi. padhi rojula kritam jarigina daani chivari samavesamlo (nishedhinchabadataaniki mundu) cgt-sr, saadhaarana sameekarana sandarbhamlo saadhaarana sammeku pilupunicche pranaalikalanu khararu chesindi, conny aaa pranaalikalu polland meeda german mariyu soviet dandayaatrala vaastavikata nundi bayatapadaledani telustondi. 1939 augustu/septemberlo sainyamlo cheraalani nirbandhinchabadina vaarilo paal lapair kooda unnaaru. athanu aach vadda unna sainika sthaavaraalaku nivedinchadaaniki mundu chaalaa rojulu sankochinchaadu. 1919loe fraanslo tirigi vileenam cheyabadina alsesku pampabaddaadu, mariyu khadgamrugam odduna aneka nelalu gadipadu. 1940 mae mariyu juun nelallo jarigina france paie german dandayaatra nepathyamlone lapair panichestunna regiment chuttoo undi longipovalsi vachindi. ippudu german yuddha khaideelu, lapir mariyu athani sahacharulu hambergku thoorpuna 25 kimmy (16 maillu) dhooramlo unna hoisdorflo pani cheyadaaniki oka pedda polaniki badilee cheyabadataaniki mundu oka nela kante konchem ekkuva kaalam vaari byaaraklalo unchabaddaaru. tappinchukune prayatnam viphalamaindi. lapair taruvaati aidu samvatsaraalu varusaga naalugu kaarmika shibiraalalo gadipadu. okanoka samayamlo athanu raava-ruska vadda unna apakhyaati paalaina marana shibiraniki pampabadatam nundi thrutilo tappinchukunnadu, conny chivariki athanu hamberg praantaaniki tirigi pampabaddaadu, akkada athanu itara yuddha khaideelatoo kalisi panicheesaadu. 1943 joolailo oka vaaramlo "mitraraajyaala" bambu daadulu aayanaku ketaayinchina rampapu millunu puurtigaa naasanam chesaayi. ayithe, chivariki, athanu aanglam dwara vimukti pondaadu ("... paar less anglais) juun 1945loe.
kotta prarambhalu.
vimukti taruvaata paal lapier 1939 kii mundu cgt-sr kaaryakartalugaa unna juuliyan tublet mariyu pierry besnard vanti vaaritho sambandhaalanu tirigi sthaapinchaaru. thana sodarudito kalisi athanu 6/7 october 1945naa paarislo jarigina congresslo bordiaux praantaaniki praatinidhyam vahistunna chinna jattulo bhaagamgaa unnadu, idhi kotta "federation araachakavaadi" (phaa) puttukanu suuchistumdi. athanu 1945 december 7-9 naati congresslo kooda palgonnadu, idhi national confederation off laber-french vibhaganni (confederation national du travel (france)/cntf) sthaapinchindi, idhi yuddhaaniki mundu cnt (ikapai francoist speyinlo panicheyalekapoyindi) konasagimpu. yuddhaaniki mundu maadirigaane, pierry besnard prerana oka nirvachinche paatra pooshinchindi. lapair appudu bordiaux praantiiya union mariyu sii. enn. tii. eff yokka "8va praantiiya union" karyadarshi ayyadu).
aaa taruvaata aneka samvatsaraalu gadichayi, eee samayamlo sii. enn. tii. eff. thoo kuudina vidipoye prayatnaalalo lapir palgonnadu) mariyu sii. zii. tii. nundi vidipovadaaniki bordiaux praantamlooni itara samuuhaalu jaateeya vedikapai gananeeyamaina aakarshananu pondadamlo viphalamayyayi. 1952 mae chivarilo bordiauxlo oka (efae) congress jarigindi, indulo paal lapier sabhyatvam nundi minahaayinchabadina aneka pramukha asammati sabhyulalo okaru. itarulu, maris joyx, maris fayole, andrey aaru mariyu georges vincy. idhi vistruta prakriyaloo bhaagam, dheeni dwara georges fantenis (efae) nuu "communist libertarian federation" ("yun" federation communist libertaire ") gaa gurtinche mulaluga maaradaaniki nettadam jarigindi. dheeni taruvaata koddikaalaanike georg fantenis arachaka samakhyalo migili unna daaniki paeru marcharu, idhi ippudu libertarian communist federation (fcl) gaa maarindi.
1953 december 25 mariyu 27 madhya paal lapair paarislo jarigina congresslo palgonnadu, idhi marinta vistrutamgaa aadhaarapadina samslaeshanha araachakavaada praatipadikana "federation araachakavaada" (phaa) nuu punarnirminchindi, iteevala samakhya nundi minahaayinchabadina vaaritho mariyu munupati samvatsaraallo paatha phaa nuu vidichipettina maajee ugravaadulatoe praarambhinchi, nirantara communist swechchaavaada pravaahamgaa vaaru chusina daanitoe dhooram ayyaru. punarnirminchina samakhya yokka praathamika pradhaanulu vaaru kattubadi unna mottam udyamamlo yea rakamaina chikkulatho sambandham lekunda, atyadhika sankhyalo araachakavaadulanu chaerchadaaniki prayatninchaaru. idhi vaastavaaniki oka savaluga unna aakaanksha. pratyaamnaaya araachakavaada samakhyanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki chorava teesukunna maris joyx, vyaktigata araachakavaadulato raajeepadaalsina baadhyatanu edurkonnadu, idhi mottamgaa teesukunna nirvahana nirmaanaaniki daariteesindi, idhi joyx swayamgaa "asadhyam" anie bhaavinchaadu. ekagreeva praatipadikana nirnayaalu sweekarinchaalsina avasaram antey prati okka sabhyudu samakhyaku oka disanu nirdesinche yea prayatnaannainaa raddu chese hakkunu kaligi untaaru.
gatha samvatsaraalu.
1970la praarambhamlo oka inforction kaaranamgaa lapair churukaina raajakeeya prameyam nundi vaidolagavalasi vachindi, mariyu athanu barasac, girondeku padavee viramana chesaadu. athanu 1991 mae 2naa galicia (vaayuvya speyin) loe jarigina automobile pramaadam taruvaata burelaaloni aasupatrilo maraninchaadu.

