
pampinhee cheyabadina ushnograta sensing

distributed temperature sensing systems (dts) anevi optoelectronic parikaraalu, ivi leanier sensorluga panichese optical fibers dwara ushnogratanu kolustaayi. optical sensor cable venta ushnogratalu namodu cheyabadataayi, anduvalla paayintla vadda kaadu, conny nirantara profilega. ushnograta nirdhaarana yokka adhika khachitatvam chaalaa dooraalalo saadhinchabadutundi. saadhaaranamgaa dts vyavasthalu 0.01 masim spashtatato ±1 masim lopala khachitatvamto 1 mea praadaesika spashtatato ushnogratanu gurtinchagalavu. 30 kimmy kante ekkuva kolata dhooraalanu paryaveekshinchavachchu mariyu konni pratyeka vyavasthalu marinta kathinamaina praadaesika teermaanaalanu andinchagalavu. optical fiber venta ushna maarpulu vakreebhavana soochikalo sthaanika vaividhyaanni kaligistaayi, idhi daani dwara vyaapti chendutunna kaanti yokka asthira chedaragottadaaniki daariteestundi. padaarthamloo paramaanu ledhaa jaalaka kampanaala roopamlo vaedi untundi. adhika pounahpunyaala vadda (10 thz) paramaanu kampanaalu raman chedaragottadaaniki kaaranamavutaayi. takkuva frequency kampanaalu (10-30 Ghz) brilloin chedaragottadaaniki kaaranamavutaayi. fiber dwara prayaaninchae kaanti mariyu padaartham madhya shakti marpidi cheyabadutundi mariyu aapaadita kaantiloo pounahpunya maarpuku kaaranamavutundi. eee frequency shiftnu fiber venta ushnograta maarpulanu kolavadaniki upayoginchavacchu.
koliche suutram-raman prabhavam.
ushnograta ledhaa peedanam mariyu tanyata saktulu vanti bhouthika kolata kolatalu, gaaju fiberlanu prabhaavitam cheyavachu mariyu fiberlo kaanti prasaara lakshanaalanu sthaanikamgaa maarchavacchu. quartz gaaju fibers loe chedaragottadam dwara kaantini tagginchadam phalitamgaa, bahya bhouthika prabhavam yokka sthaanaanni nirnayinchavacchu, tadwara optical fibernu leanier sensorga upayoginchavacchu. 
optical fiberlanu doped quartz gaajuto tayaaru chestaaru. quartz glass anedi nirakara ghana nirmaanamtho silicon dioxide (sioo2) yokka oka roopam. ushna prabhavalu ghanapadaartham lopala jaalaka dolanalanu prerepistaayi. eee ushna uttejita paramaanu dolanalapai kaanti padinapudu, kaanti kanaalu (phootaanlu) mariyu anuvu yokka electronla madhya paraspara charya jarugutundi. raman scottering anie kooda piluvabade kaanti scottering optical fiberlo sambhavistundi. incident light kakunda, eee chellacheduruga unna kaanti jaalaka dolana pratidhvani pounahpunyaaniki samaanamaina mottamto varnapata maarpuku lonavutundi. 
fiber optic nundi chellacheduruga unna kaanti moodu ververu varnapata bhaagaalanu kaligi untundih 
anty-stokes byaand anie pilavabade daani teevrata ushnogratapai aadharapadi untundi, ayithe stokes byaand anie pilavabadedi ushnograta nundi aacharanatmakamgaa swatantramgaa untundi. optical fiber yokka sthaanika ushnograta anty-stokes mariyu stokes kaanti teevrata nishpatti nundi teesukobadindi.
koliche suutram-otdr mariyu ofdr saanketikata.
pampinhee cheyabadina sensing saanketika parignaanam kosam kolataku rendu praathamika suutraalu unnaayi, otdr (optical time-domine reflectometry) mariyu ofdr (optical frequency-domine reflectometry). pampinhee cheyabadina ushnograta sensing kosam tarachugaa code sahasambandha saanketikata 
 rendu suutraala nundi amsaalanu kaligi unnavi upayoginchabadataayi.
otdr 20 samvatsaraala kritam abhivruddhi cheyabadindi mariyu telecom nashtam kolatalaku parisrama pramaanamgaa maarindi, idhi raman signaltho poliste chaalaa prabalamgaa-raelae baxcottering signalsnu gurtistundi. otdr suutram chaalaa sulabham mariyu radar kosam upayoginche vimaana kolata samayanni chaalaa pooli untundi. mukhyamgaa semiconductor ledhaa salid state laejarla dwara utpatti cheyabadina irukaina lazer pulls fiberloki pampabadutundi mariyu venukavaipu unna kaantini vislaeshimchabadutumdi. gurtinche vibhaagaaniki tirigi raavadaaniki venukaku chellacheduruga unna kaantini teesukunnappati nundi ushnograta sanghatana yokka sthaanaanni gurtinchadam saadhyamavutundi.
pratyaamnaaya dts moolyaankanam unitlu optical frequency domine reflectometry (ofdr) paddhatini amalu chestaayi. mottam kolata samayamlo gurtinchina byaak scotter signal sanklishtamaina paddhatiloo frequency functionga kolichinappudu, aapai forier parivartanaku gurainappudu matrame off dr vyavastha sthaanika lakshanampai samacharanni andistundi. lazer upayoginche pakshika nirantara taranga mode mariyu optical baxcotter signal yokka irukaina-byaand gurtinchadam off dr saanketikata yokka mukhyamaina suutraalu. electronic bhagalaku adhika saralata avasaraalatoe fft ganana kaaranamgaa, raman chellacheduruga unna kaanti mariyu sanklishta signal prosessing yokka saanketikamgaa kashtamaina kolata dwara idhi bharti cheyabadutundi.
code sahasambandham dts fiberloki parimita podavu yokka aann/off sequencelanu pamputundi. sankethaalu tagina lakshanaalanu kaligi undataaniki enchukoobadataayi, udhaa.zii. binary gole code. otdr saanketikataku viruddhamgaa, optical energy oke pulls loe pyaak kakunda code meeda vistarinchi untundi. anduvalla otdr saanketikatato poliste takkuva garishta shakti kaligina kaanti vanarunu upayoginchavacchu, udhaa.zii. deerghaayuvu compact semiconductor laejarlu. gurtinchina baxcotternu-off dr saanketika parignaanam maadirigaane-tirigi praadaesika profilega maarchaalsina avasaram undhi, udhaa.zii. cross-relation dwara. off dr saanketikataku viruddhamgaa, udgaaram parimitamainadi (udaaharanaku 128 bitt), idhi balaheenamaina chellacheduruga unna sankethaalanu takkuva dhooram nundi balamaina chellacheduruga unna sankethaala dwara superpose cheyadaanni nivaaristundi, idhi shaat sabdam mariyu signal-tuu-sabdam nishpattini meruguparustundi.
eee paddhatulanu upayoginchi oka vyavastha nundi 30 kimmy kante ekkuva dhooraalanu vislaeshimchadam mariyu 0.01 masim kante takkuva ushnograta teermaanaalanu kolavadam saadhyamavutundi.
sensing cable mariyu system integration nirmaanam.
ushnograta koliche vyavasthalo niyantrika (lazer muulam, otdr kosam pulls generator ledhaa code sahasambandham ledhaa modulator kosam code generator mariyu ofdr kosam hcf mixer, optical module, receiver mariyu micro processor unit) mariyu quartz glass fiber line aakarapu ushnograta sensorga untaayi. fiber optic cable (podavu 70 kimmy kaavacchu) nishkriyaatmaka swabhaavam kaligi untundi mariyu vyaktigata sensing paayintlu laevu, anduvalla praamaanika telecom fibers aadhaaramgaa tayaaru cheyavachu. idhi adbhutamaina aardhika vyavasthalanu andistundi. system designer/integrator prati sensing point yokka khachitamaina sthaanam gurinchi aandolana chendaalsina avasaram ledhu kabatti distributed fiber optic sensorla aadhaaramgaa sensing system roopakalpana mariyu vyavasthaapinchadaaniki ayye kharchu saampradaaya sensorla kante chaalaa taggutundi. adanamgaa, sensing kebulku kadile bhagalu mariyu 30 samvatsaraala kante ekkuva design jeevitakaalam lenanduna, nirvahana mariyu operation kharchulu kooda sampradaaya sensorla kante chaalaa takkuvagaa untaayi. fiber optic sensing technology yokka adanapu prayojanaalu emitante, idhi vidyudayaskaanta jokyam, kampanaaniki nirodhakatanu kaligi untundi mariyu pramaadakara mandalaalo upayoginchadaaniki surakshitamgaa untundi (lazer shakti jvalanaku kaaranamayye sthaayila kante takkuvagaa untundi), tadwara eee sensaarlanu paarisraamika sensing anuvartanaallo upayoginchadaaniki anuvainaviga chestundi.
sensing cable nirmaanaaniki sambandhinchi, idhi praamaanika fiber optics meeda aadharapadi unnappatikee, fiberku tagina rakshana andela vyaktigata sensing cable roopakalpanalo jaagratta teesukoovaali. idhi nirvahana ushnograta (praamaanika tantulu 85 masim varaku panicheestaayi, conny saraina roopakalpanatho 700 masim varaku kolavadam saadhyamavutundi), vaayu vaataavaranam (hydrogen "hydrogen nallabadatam" ledhaa silicon gaaju sammelanaala ksheeninchadam) mariyu yaantrika rakshananu parigananaloki teesukoovaali.
andubaatulo unna chaalaa dts vyavasthalu anuvaina vyavastha nirmaanaalanu kaligi untaayi mariyu scada vanti paarisraamika niyantrana vyavasthalalo vileenam cheyadaaniki saapekshamgaa sulabham. chamuru mariyu gyaas parisramalo dts parikaraala nundi daetaanu badilee cheyadaaniki exml aadhaarita file standard (whitsml) abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. pramaanaanni energistics nirvahistundi.
lazer bhadrata mariyu vyavastha yokka operation.
optical dts vanti optical kolatala aadhaaramgaa oka vyavasthanu nirvahistunnappudu, shaashwata samsthaapanala kosam lazer bhadrata avasaralanu parigananaloki teesukoovaali. aneka vyavasthalu takkuva shakti gala lazer roopakalpananu upayogistaayi, udhaa.zii. lazer safety class 1emm gaa vargeekaranato, dheenini evarainaa vartimpajeyavachu (aamodinchabadina lazer safety adhikarulu avasaram ledhu). konni vyavasthalu 3bii rating unna adhika shakti lejarlapai aadharapadi untaayi, ivi aamodinchabadina lazer bhadrata adhikaarula upayogam kosam surakshitamainappatiki, shaashwata samsthaapanalaku anukuulamgaa undakapovachhu.
puurtigaa nishkriyaatmaka optical sensor saanketikata yokka prayojanam vidyut ledhaa vidyudayaskaanta paraspara charya lekapovadam. marketloni konni dts vyavasthalu pratyaekamaina takkuva shakti namuunaanu upayogistaayi mariyu paeludu vaataavaranaalaloo sahajamgaa surakshitamgaa untaayi.zii. attex directive john 0kii dhruvikarinchabadindi.
agnini gurtinche anuvartanamlo upayoginchadaaniki, nibandhanalaku saadhaaranamgaa enn 54-5 ledhaa enn 54-22 (eurup), ull521 ledhaa efm (usa), kull521 (kenada) mariyu/ledhaa itara jaateeya ledhaa sthaanika pramaanaala vanti sambandhita pramaanaala prakaram dhruveekarinchabadina vyavasthalu avasaram.
ushnograta anchanaa kosam.
saraina orthogonal kullina paddhati ledhaa pradhana bhagala vislaeshanha aadhaaramgaa namuunaalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki ushnograta pampineelanu upayoginchavacchu. idhi konni praadaesika pradaesaalaloo matrame kolichenduku ushnograta pampineeni punarnirminchadaaniki anumatistundi. 
applications.
pampinhee cheyabadina ushnograta sensingnu bahula paarisraamika vibhagalalo vijayavantamgaa amalu cheyavachuhu
iteevala, paryaavarana paryaveekshanha kosam kooda dts vartimpajeyabadindihi

