
uttara paiyut prajalu

uttara paiyut prajalu saampradayakamgaa united states yokka goppa pareevaahaka praantamloo nivasinche oka sankhya tega, idhi ippudu thoorpu california, paschima newada mariyu aagneya oreganlalo undhi. uttara pites yokka puurva-samparka jeevanasaili vaaru nivasinchina kathinamaina edaari vaataavaranaaniki baga anugunamgaa undedi. prati tega ledhaa samuuham oka nirdishta bhoobhaganni aakraminchi, saadhaaranamgaa chepalu mariyu neeti pakshulaku sarafara chese sarassu ledhaa chittadi neelapai kendrikrutamai untundi. tarachugaa porugu brundaalatoe kuudina matha vaeta drivelu, chuttupakkala praantaala nundi kundellanu mariyu praanghaarnlanu teesukuvelataayi. vyaktulu mariyu kutumbaalu byaandla madhya swechchagaa tiriginatlu kanipistaayi.
uttara paiyootlu modata sanchaara jeevanasailini gadiparu, jantuvula valasa namuunaalu mariyu kaalaanuguna aaharalanu anusarinchi oka pradaesam nundi maroka pradaesaaniki maararu. vaaru konni ledhaa anthakante ekkuva vibhina kutumba vibhaagaalato kuudina chinna, swatantra samoohaalalo nivasinchaaru. paschima nevaadaaku vidaeseeyulu vacchina taruvaata, tamanu taamu rakshinchukovadaaniki mariyu kotta sthiranivaasulatho charchalanu nirvahinchadaaniki uttara paiyootlu nischalamgaa maararu. sanchaarula nundi nischala jeevanasailiki maarinanduna, mahilalu tama puurti samayam upaadhi mariyu inti pani rendinti kosam ekkuvagaa aadharapaddaru. konni aadhunika uttara paiyut tegalalo, purushulu "gaddibeedullo, ganulalo, sameepamloni motellalo samrakshakulugaa" kaalaanuguna udyogaalalo panicheestaaru mariyu mahilalu "laundry, bakery, illu mariyu motellalo gruhasambandhulugaa, mariyu graameena aasupatrilo" panicheestaaru.
vaaru saradrutuvulo parvathaalalo pinyan ginjalanu mukhyamaina sheethaakaala aahara vanarugaa sekarinchaaru. mahilalu tama aahaaramlo mukhyamaina bhaagamgaa gaddi vittanaalu mariyu muulaalanu kooda sekarinchaaru. prati byaand paeru oka vishishta aahara muulam nundi teesukobadindi. udaaharanaku, pyramid sarassu vadda unna prajalanu "kui yui tikatta" (antey "kui-yui tinevaaru" ledhaa trout tinevaaru) anie pilicheevaaru. lovelock praanta prajalanu "coop tikata" anie pilicheevaaru, antey "naela-uduta tinevaaru" anie ardham mariyu carson sink prajalanu "thoyi tikata" anie pilicheevaaru, antey "tule tinevaaru" anie ardham. californialoni mono kounteelooni "kukadikadi" "uppuneeti fly tinevaaru".
itara tegalu mariyu european sthiranivaasulatho sambandhaalu.
uttara paiyut mariyu vaari shoshon poruguvaari madhya sambandhaalu saadhaaranamgaa saantiyutamgaa undevi. uttara payoot mariyu paschima shoshon ledhaa "soson" madhya padunaina vyatyaasam ledhu. saamskrutikamgaa, bhashaparamga chaalaa bhinnamgaa unna "vassue" ledhaa vaashuu prajalatho sambandhaalu antha prasaantamgaa laevu. jeevanasaili mariyu bhaashalo eee thedaalu uttara pites vaaru prastutam nivasistunna dakshina praantaala nundi newada/california praantaaniki maaradam valla kaavacchu. vaaru tama prastuta bhoomulalo nivasinchadaaniki itara bharatiya tegalanu kooda padagotti, naasanam chesi undavacchu. udaaharanaku, paiyootlu, tama dakshina, paschima praantaalalo unna clamath thoo dadapuga "nirantaram yuddhamlo" undevaaru. "clamath kuu dakshinaana unna akomavi kooda uttara payuteku satruvulu, (enthagaa antey) akomavi moukhika sampradaayamlo sambandhinchina toli yuddhalu uttara paayutetho (thoo) jarigaayi.
uttara payoot mariyu euro-americanla madhya nirantara sambandham 1840la praarambhamlo praarambhamaindi, ayithe modati parichayam 1820lalone jarigi undavacchu. itara goppa maidaana tegala gurraala vadakanni payoot sweekarinchinappatiki, vaari samskruti appudu european prabhaavaalache ekkuvagaa prabhaavitam kaaledu. eee praantamloo euro-american sthiranivaasaalu abhivruddhi chendadamtho, korata vanarula kosam pootii perigindi. 1860 naati pyramid sarassu yuddham, ovens valley indian waar, paamu yuddham, 1878 naati banok yuddham vanti aneka himsaatmaka gharshanalu jarigaayi. eee sanghatanalu saadhaaranamgaa sthiranivaasulu mariyu payoot (ontarigaa ledhaa samuuhamloo) madhya aastiki sambandhinchi asammati, oka samuuham marokadaaniki vyatiraekamgaa prateekaaram, chivaraku vyatiraeka party pratighatinchadam vanti vaatitho prarambhamayyayi, ivi tarachugaa yuu. ess. saayudha prameyamtho mugustaayi.ess. sainyam. europeanlalo sthaanikamgaa unna mashoochi vanti kottagaa pravesapettina eurasia antu vyaadhula kaaranamgaa paayyootlo maranaalu chaalaa ekkuvagaa unnaayi. sthaanikulaku roganirodhaka shakti ledhu. saaraa vinnemukka yokka pustakam "life amang dhi piots" (1883) eee kaalam gurinchi pratyaksha vivarana istundi.
us prabhutvam modata thoorpu oregonlo uttara payoot kosam malhur reservationnu erpaatu chesindi. uttara paiyuutunu akkada kendreekarinchaalani uddesinchabadindi, conny daani vyuuham panicheyaledu. chaalaa byaandla saampradaaya praantaala nundi reservation dhooram kaaranamgaa, mariyu daani paelavamaina paryaavarana paristhitula kaaranamgaa, chaalaa mandhi uttara payoot akkadiki velladaaniki niraakarinchaaru. alaa chesina vaaru ventane vellipoyaaru. veelainanta kaalam vaaru tama saampradaaya jeevanasailiki kattubadi unnaaru. vaari bhoomula paryaavarana ksheenata daanini asadhyamga chesinappudu, vaaru tella polaalu, gaddibeedulu ledhaa nagarallo udyogaalu korukunnaru. vaaru chinna bharatiya kaalaneelanu sthaapinchaaru, akkada vaaritho aneka mandhi shoshon mariyu reno praantamloo vaashuu prajalu cheraaru.
taruvaata, prabhutvam pyramid sarassu mariyu nevaadaaloni baatula loyalo pedda reservationlanu srushtinchindi. aaa samayaniki nagaralu ledhaa vyavasaya jillaala sameepamlo chinna "vaastava" reservationla namuunaa, tarachugaa mishrama uttara paiyut mariyu shoshon janabha, sthaapinchabadindi. 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo, samakhya prabhutvam eee kaalaneelaku bhoomini manjuru cheyadam praarambhinchindi. 1934 naati bhaarata punarvyavastheekarana chattam prakaram, aneka vyaktigata kaalaneelu swatantra tegalagaa samakhya gurtimpunu pondaayi.
puraanaalu.
united states yokka paschima mariyu vaayuvya praantaala madhya 11,000 samvatsaraalaku paiga maanavulu nivasistunnaaru.
uttara paiyut prajalu elaa udbhavinchaaro oka vivarana emitante, oka pakshi, segen (centrosercus anie kooda pilustaaru), bhaarii varada nundi bayatapadina ekaika pakshi. aaa rushi oka agnini tayaaru chesi, agni marinta peddadigaa ayye varaku daanini chusukunevaru. varada nundi neeru endipoyindi, mariyu oka manishi "jarigindi."eee vyaktini naramamsa bhaksakudu ayina numojoho anie pilicheevaaru. naramamsa bhakshakulu (athanu mariyu athani rakamaina vaaru anie pilavabadevaaru) tappinchukogaligina oka mahila tappa, sthaanika prajalandarinee champaru. eee mahila aaa praantamloo oka pradaesam nundi maroka pradaesaaniki prayaaninchadam dwara, vividha paatralanu kalusukovadam mariyu vaaritho undatam dwara tananu taanu sajeevamgaa unchukundi. appudu aame parvathaalalo nivasistunna oka vyaktini kanugondi, atanni aame vivaham chesukundi. vaaru naluguru pillalanu kanabaricharu iddaru payutes (oka sodarudu, oka sodari) mariyu rendu pitt nadulu (oka sodarudu, oka sodari). vaaru ververu tegalaku chendinavaaru kabatti rendu jatla pillalu tarachugaa poraadaaru. vaari tandri (kondaru athanu thodelu anie anukuntaaru) vaarini ververu neetilo padesaru. idhi vaaru mallii okarinokaru kalisinappudalla poradatam mariyu godavapadatam konasaagistuu vaari pratyeka margallo velladaaniki kaaranamaindi. aaa vidhamgaa paiyootlu srushtinchabaddaayi mariyu newada, california mariyu oreganlalo vaari gruhalu sthaapinchabaddaayi.
srushti katha yokka maroka samskarana oka seesa lopala nundi oka swaraanni vinna oka purushudu mariyu oka mahila gurinchi chebutundi. vaaru seesa looni padaarthaalanu bayataku visiraru, mariyu naluguru jeevulu bayataku vellipoyaruh iddaru abbayilu mariyu iddaru ammayilu. aaa naluguru vyaktulu manchi chedulatho vibhajinchabaddaaru. iddaru manchi vyaktulu (poyoots) nuu stree rakshinchi, chusukovali, ayithe iddaru chedda vyaktulu purushudiki lobadi untaaru. rendu jatala (manchi mariyu chedu) purushudu mariyu streeni vadilivesayi. prati janta agnini srushtinchaaruh iddaru manchi vyaktulu takkuva pogatho agnini chesaaru, iddaru chedda vyaktulu mandapati pogatho agnini chesaaru. vidaeseeyulu taruvaata okarikokaru vyatiraekamgaa kutra panninappatiki idhi vaarini satruvulugaa chesindi. appati nundi yuddham mariyu kalahalu konasagutunnayi.
eee kathala yokka aneka itara vaividhyaalu cheppabadinappatiki, avanni konni saaruupya sanghatanalu mariyu paatralanu panchukuntaayi. streeni kakunda daadaapu bhaaratheeyulandarinee champe naramamsa bhaksakudu numuzoho; aneka muula kathalalo kluptamgaa perkonna coet "vishayalanu parishkarinchina vyakti"; kalusukuni naluguru pillalanu kanabade oka purushudu mariyu oka stree; ververu tegalalo jatha kattabadi, itara jantatho godavapade naluguru pillalu.
kathalu cheppabadina srujanaatmakata atuvanti samskaranala shreniki kaaranam. eee itihaasa kathalu modata chaalaa kaalam kritam agni chuttoo gumigudina pedda samuuhaalaku cheppabaddayi. america paschimaana katha cheppe kaalam sheethaakaalamlo undedi. tegaloni vruddha sabhyulu munupati peddalu mariyu kutumba sabhyulu cheppinatlugaa vaari ghnaapakam nundi kathanu utsaahamgaa mariyu haasyabharitamgaa chebutaaru. janthu prajalu mariyu maanavula gurinchi girijana darsanaalu, vaari muulaalu mariyu viluvalu, vaari aadhyaatmika mariyu sahaja vaataavaranam mariyu vaari samskruti mariyu rojuvaaree jeevitaalanu teliyajese maargamgaa" vaariki cheppabadindi.anie.
kathalu tarachugaa sangeetaparamgaa pradarsinchabade kavitalu, veetini "paatala kavitalu" anie pilustaaru."tega sabhyulu prajalu nrutyam chestu, drum beat varaku paatalu paadaaru mariyu natinchaaru. uttara payoot muulam katha, aneka itara mukhyamaina mariyu nirmaanaatmaka puraanaalatoe paatu, girijana peddala nundi yuva tega sabhyula varaku mariyu amammalu mariyu taataamaamala nundi manavaraalla varaku noti dwara prasaram cheyabadindi. vaari kathalu chaalaa varaku mariyu vaari charitralo ekkuva bhaagam netikee noti dwara prasaram cheyabadutunnayi.
linga paatralu.
uttara paiyootlo linga paatralu samaajamlo pratyaekamgaa kanipinchaledu. purushulu mariyu mahilalu tama panini atyanta saampradaaya paddhatiloo okarikokaru panchukunnaruh mahilalu gruhopakaranalanu tayaaru chestaaru, pandlu mariyu vittanaalanu sekaristaaru, vandutaaru, subhram chestaaru, pillalanu chusukuntaru mariyu dustulu tayaaru chestaaru, purushulu tama kutumbaalanu vetaadi rakshinchukuntaaru. manugada naipunyaanni andinchadaaniki oka maargamgaa vaeta mariyu chepalu elaa veyaalo kooda purushulu tama kumaarulaku neerpinchaaru. rendu lingaalu katha cheppadam, kalaatmaka mariyu vaidya, mariyu saampradaaya vaidyamlo palgonnayi. uttara paiyut 20va sataabdamloki pravesinchadamto, linga paatralu maaradam praarambhinchaayi. purushulu kaalaanuguna udyogaalalo panicheesaaru mariyu mahilalu pradhanamgaa laundry mariyu vaidyamlo panicheesaaru. kaalaanuguna udyogaalu chese purushulaku icchina season mugimpulo pani undakapovachhu, ayithe mahilalaku sthiramaina pani undochu kabatti eee maarpu jarigindi. idhi mahilalanu kutumbamlo pradhana sarafaradaruga chesindi. rajakeeyaala roopamlo maroe maarpu vachindi. kontamandi mahilalu girijana samavesalaku antaraayam kaliginchagaa, saaraa vinnemukka yuvarani anie cheppukovadam dwara mariyu thana prajala kosam vaadinchadaaniki eee drushtini upayoginchadam dwara prajala drushtilo oka vyaktigaa maarindi.
vaidya samskruti mariyu nammakalu.
uttara payoot prajalatho sahaa chaalaa sthaanika american tegalalo shamanism prachuryam pondindi. shammon antey uttara pait prajalu puhagim anie piliche vaidyudu. uttara paiyootlu bhouthika prapanchaaniki praanam ichhe pooha anae saktini nammutaaru. aaa bhouthika raajyamlo bhaagamaina muulakaalu, mokkalu mariyu jantuvulanu kadilinche shakti. maanavulu aaa prapanchamlo chaalaa bhaagam, unnatamaina ledhaa takkuvasthaayi kaadu, kevalam maroka bhaagam. uttara paiyut prajalu "padaartham mariyu pradaesaalu sahaja mariyu maanava drugvishayamtho roopam, ardham mariyu sambandhaalalo garbhavatigaa untaayi" anie nammutaaru."eee nammakam viswasaneeyatanu ichindi mariyu eenaati maadirigaane shamanlalo avasaranni kaliginchindi.
prakruti mariyu viswam yokka saktulanu pondadaaniki, shamanlu tarachugaa pavitra sthalaalanu sandarsinchevaaru. eee pradaesaalanu grate besin mariyu american west antataa chudavachu. vaatilo parvataalu, guhalu, jalamargalu mariyu pratyaekamaina bhougolika nirmaanaalu unnaayi."atuvanti pradaesaanni parovan gyap anie pilustaaru mariyu idhi paayuutlaku pavitramainadi (chitraanni chudandi). eee pavitra pradaesaalaloo shamanlu nayam cheyadam, varsham veyadam, yuddham, poraatam ledhaa maantrikatatoe sahaa vaari aneka vidhulanu nirvartinchaaru."shamanlu uttara payoot samaajamlo antarbhaagamgaa undevaaru mariyu unnaaru.
vaidyulu/shamanlu tappulu chesina vaari aatmalanu tirigi pondaarani mariyu vaarini sthaanika american samaajamlo tirigi sthaapinchaarani uttara pites vishwasistaaru. vaaru rogula chedu charyalaku, aarogyakaramaina tega yokka manchitanaaniki madhyavartulu. eee kaaranamgaa, uttara paiyutlu tella vaidyulu avasaramaina vaarini puurtigaa nayam cheyagala saamarthyam kaligi unnaarani grahincharu, endukante vaaru bayati kavachanni nayam cheyagaliginappatiki, lopali kavachanni ksheeninchi kolpotaru, vaastavaaniki vyaktini chanipoyi vadilivestaaru. ayithe, oka shammon anaarogyamtho unna vyaktini (saareerakamgaa ledhaa aadhyaatmikamgaa anaarogyamtho unna) teesukoni, viswam nundi vacchina saktini upayoginchi atanni nayam chestaadu. aneka sandarbhaallo, oka shammon viswam yokka saktini prerepinchadaaniki gandaragolam, poga mariyu paatalu vanti vividha maadhyamaalanu upayogistaadu.
janabha.
californialoni chaalaa sthaanika samuuhaala puurva-samparka janabha anchanaalu gananeeyamgaa maarutuu unnaayi. alfred ell. californialoni uttara payoot yokka 1770 janabha 500 anie crober bhaavinchaadu. 1910loe vaari janabha 300gaa anchanaa vaesaadu. itarulu 1859loe mottam uttara payoot janabhanu sumaru 6,000gaa paerkonnaaru.