
govanus kaaluva

govanus kaaluva (modata govanus creak anie piluvabadedi) anedi newyork nagaramloni brooklin baroloni oka kaaluva, idhi podavaina dveepam yokka paschima bhaagamlo undhi. okappudu oka mukhyamaina saruku ravana kendramgaa unna eee kaaluva 20va sataabdam madhyakaalam nundi desheeya jala ravana ksheenataku samaantaramgaa taggutuu vachindi. idhi appudappudu vastuvula kadalika mariyu chinna padavalu, tugs mariyu baarla rojuvaaree naukaayaanaaniki upayoginchabadutondi.
eguva newyork beloni govanus baeloe anusandhaaninchabadina govanus kaaluva, paschimaana dakshina brooklin lopala erra hook, caroll thotalu mariyu govanus parisaraalaku sarihaddulugaa undhi; thoorpuna park vaalu; uttaraana boyeram konda mariyu cobul konda; mariyu dakshinaana suuryaastamayam park. edu vantenalu kaaluvanu daatutaayi, uttaram nundi dakshinaaniki, union streat, caroll streat, third streat, newyork city sabwe yokka kalvar viaduct, tommidava streat, hamilton avenue mariyu govanus expressway.
19va sataabdam madhyalo sthaanika alala chittadi neelalu mariyu manchineeti pravaahaala nundi eee kaaluva udbhavinchindi. 19va sataabdam chivari natiki, bhaarii paarisraamika viniyogam valla pedda mottamlo kalushya karakalu govanus kaaluvaloki pravahinchaayi. kalushyanni tolaginchadaaniki ledhaa kaaluva neetini paluchana cheyadaaniki chesina vividha prayatnaalu viphalamayyayi. 20va sataabdam madhyalo chaalaa mandhi paarisraamika addedaarulu govanus kaaluvanu upayoginchadam nilipivesinappatiki, kalushyam ennadoo parishkarinchabadaledu. 1990la natiki, idhi samyukta rashtraalalo atyanta kalushitamaina neeti vanarulalo okatigaa gurtinchabadindi. mala coliformla adhika nishpattulu, vyadhikaaraka kaarakaala praanaantaka nishpattulu mariyu takkuva oxygen saandratatoe kuudina kalushyam kaaranamgaa, idhi saadhaaranamgaa sthuula samudra jeevulaku anukuulamgaa undadu, ayithe kaaluvalo vividha rakaala teevrataramaina jeevulu gamaninchabaddaayi.
kaaluvalo bhaarii kalushyam unnappatikee, manhatton mariyu unnata-taragati brooklin parisaraalaku sameepamlo undatam valana neeti odduna punaraabhivruddhini aakarshistondi. idhi paryaavarana parisubhrata kosam pilupulanu tirigi praarambhinchindi, mariyu prakkane unna neeti odduna aardhika abhivruddhi paryaavarana punaruddharana mariyu paryaavarana pramaadaalaku anukuulamgaa undadani aandolanalanu prerepinchindi. dheenini 2009loe suupar fund saitga niyaminchaaru, mariyu kaaluvanu subhrapariche pani 2013loe praarambhamaindi.
course.
brooklin vaayuvya bhaagamlo boyeram konda parisaraallooni butler veedhiloo govanus kaaluva praarambhamavutundi. 1911 naati terrakota nirmaanam ayina 201-234 butler veedhi vadda muruguneeti pumping station, kaaluva talaku uttaraana undhi. eee kaaluva appudu sthaanika veedhi gridku samaantaramgaa dakshina-nairuti amarikalo nadustundi. dheeni maargam paschimaana baand veedhi mariyu thoorpuna nevins veedhi madhya madhyalo undhi. maargam venta idhi union streat, caroll streat mariyu dakshinam nundi uttaram varaku moodava veedhi vadda vantenalanu daatutundi. union streat mariyu third streat vantenalu kadile basquel vantenalu kaga, caroll streat vantena anedi oka tirogamana vantena, idhi noukalanu daatadaaniki vikarnamgaa chuttavachhu.
govanus kaaluva yokka paschima odduna rendava veedhiloo padava prayogam jarugutundi. rendava veedhi padava prayogam "sponge park" prakkane undhi, idhi paschima odduna nundi kalushya kaarakaalanu kaaluvaloki vellae mundu grahistundi. naalugo veedhiloo, naalugo veedhi pareevaahaka praantam thoorpuku vidipotundi, govanus kaaluva sarigga paschimaaniki tirugutundi. mottam aahara market nirmaanamloo bhaagamgaa nirminchina seating thoo kuudina nadaka maargam, 4 va veedhi pareevaahaka praantam yokka uttara odduna undhi.
baand veedhiki paschimaana rendu blaakulu unna hoyte veedhiloo, kaaluva thoorpuna rendu adanapu upanadulatoe dakshinam vaipu tirugutundihi edava veedhiloo oka upanadi, mariyu aarava veedhiki sameepamlo marokati. kontakaalam tarvaata, idhi tommidava veedhi vantena krinda daatindi, 1999loe niluvu-lift vantena praarambhinchabadindi. newyork nagara sabwe yokka kalvar viaduct, sthira-spaan viaduct, tommidava veedhi vantena paina daatutundi. eee viaduct loe smith-tommidava veedhi station undhi, idhi paakshikamgaa kaaluva paina undhi mariyu dheeniki kaaluva sevalu andistundi. thoorpuna oka chinna upanadi undhi, idhi thoorpuna love yokka home-improvement store yokka parking sthalaaniki anusandhaanistundi, mariyu hamilton plaza 1-37 12 va veedhiloo unna oka shopping center, idhi gatamlo oka margadarshi suupar market mariyu neerugaa dakshinaana dunkin donutsnu kaligi undhi. eee samayamlo, upanadi yokka uttara odduna mariyu kaaluva yokka thoorpu odduna love yokka uttaram nundi tommidava veedhiki oka nadaka maargam velutundi. daani daachina sthaanam kaaranamgaa, water front promenade takkuva upayogaanni chusindi.
thoorpu odduna sumaru 14va veedhiloo, hamilton avenue mariyu govanus expressway aagneya nundi vaayuvya disalo oka vikarnamlo kaaluvanu daatutaayi, idhi paschima odduna unna lorain veedhiki kaluputundi. 1942loe nirminchina pratyeka kadile basquel vantenalu hamilton avenue yokka traaphik yokka rendu disalanu teesukuvelataayi, ayithe govanus expressway kaaluvaku chaalaa paina unna viaduct meeda perugutundi.
govanus kaaluva yokka noru govanus bay vadda undhi, idhi eguva newyork bay yokka oka bhaagam, idhi paschima brooklin sarihaddulo undhi. eee mukhadwaram thoorpu odduna 19va veedhiki sameepamlo ledhaa paschima odduna bryant veedhiki sameepamlo undhi. eee kaaluva eee pradaesam nundi uttara-uttara-thoorpu marganni teesukuntundi, idhi smith veedhiki thoorpuna nadustundi. kaaluva thoorpu odduna taaru karmagaram mariyu samudra badilee kendram, alaage home depo mariyu fedex shipping center unnaayi.
charitra.
prarambha charitra.
millu creak.
govanus porugu praantam modata govanus kreeknu chuttumuttindi. idhi asalu uppuneeti chittadi naela mariyu pachchikabhoomulalo vanyapraanulanu kaligi unna naukayana kreekla alala inletnu kaligi undhi. dutch prabhutvam 1630 nundi 1664 varaku govanus bhoomitho sahaa brookelen (aadhunika brooklin) lopala modati bhuu petentlanu jaarii chesindi. 1636loe, kotta netherland nayakulu govanus bay chuttoo unna praantaanni konugolu chesaaru. 1639loe, nivaasitulu pogaaku thotala pempakam kosam bhoomi hakkulanu parasparam marchukunnaru. eee praantamlooni prarambha sthiranivaasulu eee jalamaargaaniki "govans creak" anie paeru pettaru, idhi "gauwan", connorsey anie piluvabade sthaanika lenap tegaku chendina sachem (cheef), teeramlo saagu chesevaaru.
dutch west india company sevalo sainikudiga unna aadam brouver, newyorklo govanus vadda patent pondina modati tide-water gristmilnu nirminchi, nirvahinchaadu. eee millu juulai 8,1645naa zaan evertsey baxing kuu appaginchabadina bhoomipai undhi. idhi brookelen pattanamlo modati gristmill mariyu nyuu nedarlaandloo panichese modati millu. eee millu union veedhiki uttaraana, nevins veedhiki paschimaana mariyu baand veedhiki pakkana undhi. rendava millu-dentons millu, dheenini ello millu anie kooda pilustaaru-dentons millu cheruvupai nirminchabadindi, okasari aidava avenue mariyu caroll mariyu moodava veedhula vadda prastuta kaaluva madhya unna millu cheruvuku creak nundi puudika cheyadaaniki anumati manjuru cheyabadindi. 1664 mae 26naa, brouver netrutvamloni aneka mandhi bruckelen nivaasitulu, millunu nadapadaniki neetini sarafara cheyadaaniki frederic luberten bhoomi dwara tama sonta kharchutho kaaluvanu puudika cheyadaaniki anumati kosam director general peater stevesant mariyu athani kounsilnu abhyardhinchaaru. eee petitionnu mae 29,1664naa council kuu samarpinchaaru, mariyu eee pratipaadana manjuru cheyabadindi. maroka millu, cole millu, prastutam 9va veedhiloo, smith veedhi mariyu kaaluva madhya undhi. 9va veedhiki uttaraana unna cole millu cheruvu, prastuta bahiranga pradaesaanni aakraminchindi.
polaalu mariyu gulla chepalu pattadam.
1700loe nicolus vechte anae sthiranivaasi ituka mariyu raatitoe oka vyavasaya gruhanni nirminchaadu, ippudu dheenini paatha raathi gruham anie pilustaaru. 1776loe, long iland yuddha samayamlo, american dalaalu aaa intlo british armi dalaalanu nimagnam chesaayi, general georg washington thana dalaalanu american linela venukaku maarchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. eee illu denton millu cheruvu yokka aagneya anchuna undhi. freaks millu ledhaa browers millu anie kooda piluvabade brourse millu, prastuta union mariyu nevins veedhula koodalilo undhi. brooklin yuddhanni varninche chitraalalo dheenini chudavachu.
eee kaalamlo, kontamandi dutch raitulu chittadi naela venta sthirapaddaaru mariyu pedda gullalanu addukovadamlo nimagnamai, airopaku modati sariga egumati cheyabadinadigaa gurtinchadaginadigaa maarindi. govanus bay yokka alalu uppuneetini creak loki marintagaa nettivesi, pedda dvigunaalu abhivruddhi chendina vaataavaranaanni srushtinchaayi. taruvaati taraalalo, pratikuula krutrima empika nemmadigaa dvigunaala parimaanaanni tagginchindi, endukante chinna dvigunaalu creak neetiki baga anugunamgaa undevi. pedda dvigunaalu manugada saaginche avakaasam takkuvagaa undedi, anduvalla, punarutpatti chese avakaasam takkuvagaa undedi. 1774loe newyork prabhutvam eee kaaluvanu kaluvaga vistarinchadaaniki, neeti pravahanni manchi sthithilo unchadaaniki mariyu daani sameepamlo bhoomini upayoginche prajalapai pannulu vidhinchadaaniki oka chattanni roopondinchindi.
paarisraamika viniyogam.
nagaramgaa roopaantaram.
19va sataabdam madhya natiki, brooklin nagaram vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutuu, united states yokka moodava atipedda nagaramgaa maarindi. eee creak mariyu chuttupakkala vyavasaya bhoomi ippudu pattana samudaayamlo bhaagamgaa undhi, indulo creak teeram vembadi gramalu unnaayi. nadhi mariyu chittadi neelala yokka adhe teeram perugutunna nagaraniki ravana vyavastha mariyu anadhikaarika muruguneeti vyavastha rendintigaa panichesindi. loya yokka pareevaahaka praantam sumaruga undhi mariyu ippudu caroll thotalu mariyu park vaalu prakkane unna parisaraala nundi paarudalanu kaligi undhi. dhanavanthulaina nivaasitulu diguva praantaala durvasanalu mariyu asoukaryaalanu nivaarinchadaaniki lothattu mariyu ettaina praantaalalo nivasinchevaaru. vyardhaala prosessing, ravana mariyu paaraveyadam kosam neeru avasaramayye parisramalu teerapraantam vembadi unna pradaesaala vaipu aakarshinchabaddayi.
govanus looni millulu public landing saitlaku nilayamgaa undevi, ivi neeti marganni paatha govanus rahadaariki kaluputaayi. sthaanika janabha peragadamtho, 19va sataabdapu paarisraamika viplavam brooklinku cherukovadamto, pedda naukayana mariyu docking soukaryaala avasaram perigindi. vijayavantamaina sthaanika vyapari kalnal daniel richards, ippatike unna lothattu parisramalaku prayojanam chekuurchadaaniki oka kaaluvanu nirminchaalani, aasti viluvalanu penche bhoomi punaruddharana kosam chuttupakkala chittadi neelalanu paaraveyaalani vaadinchaaru.
1849loe, newyork saasanasabha oka decree prakaram, govanus kreeknu lothugaa chesaaru, tadwara dheenini eguva newyork baeloe anusandhaaninchabadina vaanijya jalamargamga upayoginchavacchu. creak yokka puudika nirmaanam 1860loe puurtayimdi. 1867loe saasanasabha yokka maroka chattam kaaluvanu marinta lothugaa cheyadaaniki anumatinchindi. adhe dasaabdamloo, edwin litchfield anae developer eee kaaluvanu kaaluvaloki neerugaa cheyadaaniki oka prajectunu chepattadu.
kaaluva nirminchina samayamlo, daani kosam aneka namuunaalu pratipaadinchabaddaayi. konnintiloo mottam jalamarganni rojuvaareegaa flushing cheyadaaniki anumatinche lock vyavasthalu unnaayi. ayithe, eee designlu chaalaa khareedainavigaa pariganinchabaddaayi. aneka pratyaamnaaya (mariyu marinta paryaavarana anukuulamaina) designlanu anveshinchina taruvaata, tudi pranaalika daani takkuva dhara kosam enchukobadindi. united states armi corps off injaneers (usays) majer david bates daglasnu kaaluva roopakalpana kosam niyaminchaaru, idhi 1869 natiki puurtayimdi. nirmaana vyayam brooklin mariyu rashtra dabbupai sthaanika nivaasitula madimpula nundi vachindi.
paarisraamika uchchasthitilo mariyu bhaarii kalushyam.
saapekshamgaa takkuva podavu unnappatikee, govanus kaaluva brooklin yokka samudra mariyu vaanijya ravana kaaryakalaapaalaku kendramgaa undedi. daani atyanta raddiigaa unde pradaesamloe, rojuku 100 noukalu daani dwara sarukunu ravana chestaayi. adanamgaa, kaaluva chuttoo unna paarisraamika rangam kalakramena gananeeyamgaa perigi, raathi mariyu boggu yardulu; pindi millulu; cement panulu mariyu tayaaru chesina gyaas plaantlu; charmasuddhi karmagaralu, paint, sira mariyu sabbu kosam karmagaralu; yantra dukaanaalu; rasayana karmagaralu; mariyu sulfur utpattidaarulu. eee parisramalannee gananeeyamaina neeru mariyu vaayu kalushya kaarakaalanu vidudala chesaayi. antaryuddham taruvaata ventane kaaluva venta rasayana eruvulu tayaaru cheyabaddaayi.
1869 nundi boggu prosessing oka aadhipatya parisramagaa undhi. 19va sataabdam chivari natiki, kaaluvapai mundu bhaagamlo 22 boggu karmagaralu undevi. eguva kaaluva venta unna boggu karmagaralu boggunu coque, dravaalu mariyu vayuvulugaa maarchadaaniki pedda mottamlo neetini upayoginchaayi. boggu vaayuvunu tvaralo vaedi cheyadaaniki, veluturu kosam mariyu factory shakti kosam upayoginchaaru. ukku tayaareeki koknu upayoginchevaaru. muruguneeru mariyu boggu taaru (ippudu cancer kaarakaalaku muulamgaa prasiddhi chendindi) tirigi kaaluvaloki paaraveyabaddaayi. brooklin kabelaalu raktam mariyu itara vyardhaalanu kaaluvalalo padesai.
neeti pravaham ledhu mariyu kaaluva oka chivara matrame terichi undhi, alalu jalamarganni prasarimpajeyadaaniki saripothayi anae aasatoe. conny kaaluva yokka chekka mariyu concreat kattalatho, newyork naukaasrayam nundi taja rojuvaaree motaadula oxygen neeru yokka balamaina alalu chaanelloki pravahinchakundaa nirodhinchabaddaayi. govanus pareevaahaka praantamloo adhika sthaayi abhivruddhitho, adhika naitretlu mariyu vyadhikaaraka karakalu nirantaram kaaluvaloki pravahistuu, oxygennu marinta taggistuu, kaaluva vasanaku kaaranamayye vyadhikaaraka kaarakaalaku santanotpatti maidaanaalanu srushtistunnaayi. kaaluvalo oxygen saandrata yokka neeti naanhyata charyalu kevalam 1.5 ppm, jeevitaanni konasaaginchadaaniki avasaramaina kaneesa 4 ppm kante takkuvagaa unnaayi. kaaluva neeru erupu-oodaa rangulo undhi, daani diguvana "nalla myonnais" gaa varninchabadina oka gonthu misramam perukupoyindi.
1887loe, newyork rashtra saasanasabha baand streat avtflo paayintnu moosivesindi. 1889 natiki, govanus kaaluvalo kalushyam entha ghoramgaa marindante, kaaluva paristhitini meruguparachadaaniki maargaalanu adhyayanam cheyadaaniki saasanasabha oka kamishannu niyaminchindi. vaanijya ravaanaaku moosivesi, aapai cover chesthe kaaluva uttamamgaa untundani idhi teelchindi. jalamaargam nundi vachhe durvasana kaaranamgaa commission eee kaaluvanu "brooklinku avamanakaram" anie kooda pilichindi.
kalushyanni tagginche prayatnaalu.
kaaluva kalushyanni tagginchadaaniki modati adugu 1890laloe baand streat muruguneeti pipeline nirmaanam, idhi naukaasrayamloki muruguneetini teesukuvellindi. idhi saripodani niroopinchabadindi. uttaraana, kaaluva yokka moosivesina chivaralo pravahanni merugupariche modati prayatnamlo, "pedda muruguneeti" nuu marcy avenue nundi podavaina pradaesaalaloo aakupaccha mariyu govanaslo 4 va maargaala varaku nirminchaaru. aaa taruvaata adhi butler veedhi sameepamloni pravaaha binduvu vadda kaaluvaloki pravesinchindi. "scientific american" daani vinootna nirmaana paddhati mariyu parimaanam kosam eee muruguneeti roopakalpananu kaligi undhi. muruguneeti kaaluva gundaa pravahinche praantaanni "varada jilla" anie pilicheevaaru. eee kotta muruguneeru rendu prayojanaalaku upayogapadutundani nammutaruh varadalu vacchina jillaanu paaraveyadam, mariyu aaa adhika neeti pravahanni upayoginchi eguva govanus kaaluva neetini taralinchadam. eee sorangam 1893 natiki puurtayimdi, conny brooklin nivaasitulu tama muruguneeti utpattini pedda muruguneetiki anusandhaaninchaledani firyadu chesaaru. brooklin dialy eegil" modatlo muruguneeti parimaanam mariyu paridhini prasamsimchimdi. ayithe, 1898loe vaartaapatrika dheenini "injaneering porapaatu" gaa prakatinchindi, pedda muruguneeru muruguneetini tirigi govanus kaaluvaloki vellelaa chesindani, daani nundi muruguneetini paaraveyadam daani uddesyam kaadani perkondi.
20va sataabdam modati dasaabdamloo, prati samvatsaram dakshina brooklinlo 700 varaku nirmaanaalu nirminchabaddaayi. abhivruddhi chendutunna parisrama eee praantaaniki chaalaa mandhi kotta vyaktulanu teesukuvacchindi, conny atuvanti vruddhini nirvahinchadaaniki muruguneeti paarisuddhyam gurinchi mukhyamaina prasnalu sarigga parishkarinchabadaledu. kotta bhavanala nundi vachhe muruguneeti neeru anthaa konda digi govanasloki pravahinchindi. munupati kante takkuva bahiranga sthalam unnanduna, varshapu neeru ippudu bhavanala paikappulapaiki velli kaaluvaloki kindiki vellindi. kotta muruguneeti connectionla nirmaanam suduura parisaraala nundi mudi muruguneetini kaaluvaloki vidudala cheyadam dwara samasyanu marinta teevrataram chesindi. kalushya karakalu, tuphaanu pravaham, muruguneeti vyavastha nundi utsarga kalisi kaaluva yokka durbharatanu chaalaa asahyamgaa marchai, dheeniki "lavender sarassu" anae maaruperu pettaru. eee samasyanu marinta teevrataram chestu, kaaluvanu peedistunna varadala samasyalaku sambandhinchina nashtalaku sambandhinchi aaa praanta aasti yajamaanulu nagarampai daavaa vaesaaru.
1910 natiki, kaaluva neeru daadaapu ghana vyardhaalu anie firyadulu cheyabaddaayi, idhi antataa unna flushing sorangam erpaatunu prerepinchindi. kaaluva yokka lothattu chivaralo bukes-arts nirmaanam ayina butler streat pumping station, juun 21,1911naa praarambhinchabadindi. pumping stationku anusandhaaninchabadina kotta flushing sorangam. modata, itukatho kappabadina sorangam brooklin mariyu governors dveepam madhya majjiga kaaluva nundi swachchamaina neetini sarafara chesindi, daanini butler veedhi kinda thoorpu vaipuku teesukuvelli, govanus kaaluva mukhadwaram vadda swachchamaina neetini vidudala chesindi. flushing sorangam kooda viphalamaindi, mariyu aneka kaaryaacharana lopaalanu pakkana pedithe, 1960 laloe sudeerghamaina lopaalu mariyu tappulu sambhavinchaayi. idhi oka sanghatanalo mugisindi, oka nagara karmikudu oka myaan hole kavarnu padesi, pump vyavasthanu teevramgaa debbateesindi, idhi appatike tinivese uppuneeti prabhaavaalato baadhapadutondi. 1972 naati swachchamaina neeti chattam inca aamodinchabadaledu, aaa samayamlo nidhula kosam vistarinchina nagaram, eee samasyanu parishkarinchadaaniki aemee cheyaledu. flushing soramgaaniki marammatu cheyani nashtam, mariyu sudeergha aardhika maandyam phalitamgaa, kaaluva jalaalu nilabadi, samvatsaraalugaa takkuvagaa upayoginchabadutunnaayi.
dumping groundga khyati.
eee kaaluva mafia kosam dumping groundga panichesindani oka pattana puraanam undhi. konni kesulu recordulo unnaih 1930laloe oka brooklin rocketeer mrutadehaalu mariyu 1940laloe dhanyam nirvaahakula sangham adhyakshudu govanus kaaluvalo kanugonabaddaarani vaartaa nivedikalu perkonnaayi. kaaluva gurinchi 1998loe vacchina documentary chitram "lavender lake" loe, rendu newyork nagara pooliisulu jalamaargam nundi matsyakaarulu teesukunna maanava shareera bhaagaalanu kaligi unna suitcasenu kanugonna vishayanni charchinchaaru.
kaaluvalo ledhaa sameepamlo maraninchina vyaktulu matrame kakunda, oodalu kooda poyinatlu nivedikalu vachayi. udaaharanaku, 1889 janavari 2naa, sibbandi tappinchukunnappatiki, tuphaanu samayamlo tug boat "hugg baand" kaaluvalo munigipoyindi. 1892 mae 10naa, kaaluva padava "alfa" boggu sarukutho munigipoyindi. 1903 december 31naa, kaaluvalo oka puudika munigipoyindi, mariyu paerulaeni injanir/nait watchman tappipoyinatlu nivedinchabadindi mariyu munigipoyinatlu nammutaaru.
aardhika ksheenata.
modati prapancha yuddham taruvaata jalamaargam ayinappatikee etaa aaru million tannula sarukunu utpatti chesi, akrama ravana cheyadamtho, govanus kaaluva desham yokka atyanta raddiigaa unde vaanijya kaluvaga maarindi, mariyu nissandehamgaa atyanta kalushitamaindi. kaaluvaloki bhaarii muruguneeti pravaham neetini navigablega unchadaaniki kramam tappakunda puudika avasaram. 1950la natiki brooklin yokka indhana vaanijyam appatike boggu mariyu krutrima vayuvu nundi petroliyamloki maarchabadindi, dheeniki vistrutamaina mariyu lothaina neutown creak mariyu sahaja vayuvu sevalu andinchaayi, ivi pipeline dwara vachayi. 1951loe, jalamaargam meeda elevated govanus expressway praarambhinchadamtho, truckulu mariyu kaarlaku sulabhamgaa cherukovadam parisramanu koddigaa utprerakam chesindi. expressway 150,000 rojuvaaree vahanalanu teesukuvellindi, ivi tannula koddi vishapuurita udgaaraalanu gaali mariyu neeti kindiki dinchaayi. eee samayamlo, govanus kaaluvaku velle muruguneetini majjiga kaaluva sameepamlo unna muruguneeti suddhi karmaagaaraalaku mallinchaaru.
1960la praarambhamlo containerization perugudalato, raashtramlo paarisraamika water front udyogaala sankhya taggindi, mariyu kaaluva parisramalu dheeniki minahaayimpu kaadu. chaalaa utsaahamto, usays 1955loe kaaluva yokka chivari puudikanu puurti chesindi, aaa taruvaata ventane daani saadhaarana puudika schedulenu vidichipetti, adhi ikapai kharchutho kuudukunnadi kaadani bhaavinchindi. 1963loe flushing sorangamloki majjiga kaaluva neetini teesukuvacchina intake fyaan virigindi, idhi muusivaeyadaaniki daariteesindi. oka samvatsaram taruvaata, verazano-naros vantena praarambhinchabadindi, paarisraamika padavalu kaaluvanu upayoginchaalsina avasaranni tolaginchindi, endukante truckulu vantenanu mariyu antar rashtra 278 nuu desavyaaptamgaa unna govanus praantaaniki vastuvulanu ravana cheyadaaniki upayoginchavacchu.
nagara muruguneeti mariyu pampu station moulika sadupayala vaiphalyamtho, govanus kaaluvanu vyardhaala vyardhaala dumping pradaesamgaa upayoginchaaru. daadaapu moodu dasaabdaala paatu aaa sthithilone undipoyindi. 1993 natiki, oke company govanus kaaluvanu shipping chaanelgaa churukuga upayogistondi, mariyu kaaluva venta unna moodu dra bridgelu aaa company padavalanu daatanivvadaaniki matrame venakki teesukuvelataayi. migilina konni baarlu ekkuvagaa egumati kosam indhana chamuru, isuka, kankara mariyu scrap lohanni teesukuvellaayi. eee kaaluva ippatikee brooklin lopaliki mariyu bayatiki vastuvulanu taralinche odarevugaa panichestundi.
paryaavarana subhraparachadam.
subhrapariche prarambha prayatnaalu.
aardhika vyavasthanu mariyu govanus praantam yokka paryaavaranaanni punaruddharinchadaaniki padepade calls cheyabaddaayi. modati majer yuu.ess. dheenini anumatinche chattam, neeti kalushyanni parishkarinchadaaniki oka chattam, 1948 yokka federal neeti kalushya niyantrana chattam. dheenini 1970 loe united states environmental protection agency (epa) sthaapana mariyu 1972 loe clean water act aamodinchadam dwara anusarinchabadindi.
1960la praarambhamlo, govanus kaaluvanu subhraparachadamtho sahaa poura merugudalala kosam lobbying cheyadaaniki sthaanikulu caroll guardens association (cga) nuu erpaatu chesaaru. deerghakaala restaurant yajamani nick monte dheenini "durvasana, cancer noppi" mariyu "durvasana chespool" anie pilicharu. sii. zii. eah. vyavasthaapakudu salvatore "buddy" skoto juuniyar. eee kaaluvanu "prapanchamlo atyanta kalushitamaina jalamaargam" gaa, mariyu "mana ksheenata yokka vennemuka" gaa paerkontuu, eee praantamlooni aardhika samasyalaku neerugaa sambandhinchinadigaa paerkonnaaru. 1971loe, newyork nagaram govanus paarisraamika pattana punaruddharana prajectupy vichaaranalu nirvahinchindi, conny nidhulatho daaniki maddatu ivvaledu.
1974loe, scoto newyork city community college (ippudu newyork city college off technology, ledhaa city tech) nundi suukshmajeevasaastraveetlanu teesukuvacchi, govanus kaaluvalooni neetini bacteria kosam pareekshinchaaru. vaaru kanugonna jeevulalo typhoid, kalara, virechanaalu mariyu kshayavyadhi unnaayi. marusati samvatsaram, kaaluva yokka praathamika anchanaa kosam nidhulu pondabaddaayi. praathamika phalitaalu daadaapu mottam oxygen lekapovadam, chaalaa mudi muruguneeru, greeju, chamuru mariyu burada lekapovadam velladinchaayi. 1950la nundi pranaalika cheyabadina vinegar kondalooni redd hook muruguneeti suddhi karmaagaarampai 1978loe nirmaanam praarambhamaindi.
kaaluva gurinchi puurti adhyayanam 1981loe prachurinchabadindi. sagatu roeju, mudi muruguneeti kante ekkuva muruguneeti neeru daanilo khaalii ayindani idhi suuchimchimdi. parisrama mariyu ravana dwara kaaluva viniyogam taggutunnatlu kooda nivedika namodu chesindi. kaaluvanu upayoginche paarisraamika samsthala sankhya 1942loe daadaapu yaabhai nundi 1981loe aruku padipoyindi. kaaluva dwara teesukuvacchina saruku ravana mottam 55 saataaniki paiga takkuvagaa undhi, mariyu vantenanu terichina saarlu sankhya daadaapu 70 saatam taggindi. nivedika aneka sifaarsulanu munduku tecchindi, vaatilo okati neeti yokka oxygen kantentnu penchadaaniki flushing soramgaanni saricheyadam.
1987loe, redd hook treatment plant praarambhinchabadindi, idhi kaaluva nundi ekkuva muruguneeti inputnu mallinchindi. eee $375 millionla plant prastuta baand streat muruguneeti nundi vyardhaalanu sekarinchi, nagaramlo mottam ummadi muruguneeti ovarflo (cso) paayintlanu 14kii teesukuvacchindi. kotta plant praarambhamtho, newyork nagara jalamaargamloki chivari podi-vaataavarana utsarga mugisindi, mariyu cso paayintlu ippudu varshapu tuphaanula samayamlo matrame panicheestaayi. marusati samvatsaram flushing sorangam lopala muruguneeti gottam erpaatu cheyabadindi, conny newyork city department off environmental protection (envicedipi) injanir prakaram, gottam chaalaa paelavamgaa vyavasthaapinchabadindi, adhi "daadaapu ventane" viphalamaindi. 1998loe nagaram flushing sorangam yokka muruguneeti gottanni saricheyadaaniki viphala prayatnam chesindi. injaneerlu sorangam yokka fyaan disanu tippina taruvaata 1999loe dheenini saricheyabadindi. gatamlo, kaaluva nundi neeru butter milk chaanalku paschimam vaipu vellindi, conny ippudu chaanal nundi neeru govanus kaaluvaloki vellindi.
suupar fund subhraparachadam.
pranaalika.
2002loe, yuses govanus kaaluva praantam yokka $5 millionla paryaavarana vyavastha punaruddharana saadhyasaadhya adhyayanamlo sahakarinchadaaniki dipitho vyaya-bhaagaswaamya oppandaanni kudurchukundi. paryaavarana vyavastha punaruddharanaku saadhyamayye pratyaamnaayaalanu pariseelinchadam, chittadi naela mariyu aavasala punaruddharana vanti vaatini 2005loe puurti cheyadam. govanus chittadi neelala mottam paryaavaranaanni meruguparachadaaniki konni sahaja prakriyalanu punaruddharinchadaaniki kaaluva yokka kathinamaina anchulanu vichchinnam cheyadampai charchalu jarigaayi. swachchamaina neeti chattam kinda nagaram yokka baadhyatalanu teerchadaaniki govanus kaaluva upayogam mariyu pramaanaala sadhana prajectunu kooda dp praarambhinchindi.
2006 praarambhamlo, sameepamloni down town brooklin loe brooklin valala kosam pranaalikaabaddhamaina rangampai vivaadam samayamlo muruguneeti nirvahana samasya talettindi. pasiphik park anie piluvabade aaa samayamlo eee prajectulo basketball arena mariyu 17 aakaasaharmyaalu cherchabaddaayi. phalitamgaa vachhe muruguneeru puraatana mishrama muruguneeti kaaluvalaloki pravahistundi, avi varsham padinapudu pongi pravahistaayi. govanus kaaluvalo 14 ummadi muruguneeti pravaaha binduvulu unnaayi. arena nundi adanapu muruguneeru kaaluvalo marinta tarachugaa pongiporladaaniki daariteestundane bhayam undhi.
marchi 2009loe, eee kaaluvanu suupar fund cleanup saitga jabita cheyaalani epa pratipaadinchindi. newyork rashtra paryaavarana parirakshana vibhagam (nisdec) eee charyaku maddatu ichindi. kaaluva yokka paryaavarana samasyalanu parishkarinchadaaniki idhi epa nundi sahayam korindi. 2009 maeloe, suupar fund jaabitaanu vyatirekinchadaaniki nagaram munduku vachindi. modatisaarigaa idhi suupar fund subhrapariche paniki saripoye govanus subhrapariche pranaalikanu roopondinchadaaniki munduku vachindi, conny daanini vaegamgaa saadhistaamani vaagdaanam chesindi. eepaa kante ippudu vaegamgaa subhraparachagalamani nagaram telipindi. idhi rashtra mariyu nagara sthaayila nundi pannu chellimpudaarula dollarla dwara subhrapariche nidhulanu samakuurustumdi, ayithe epa daani nidhulanu kalushya kaarula nundi korutundi. laabhaapekshaleni govanus kaaluva parirakshana kooda 2009loe sthaapinchabadindi, idhi eee. pii. yea., enn. ii. sii. dii. pii., river keeper vanti samuuhaalu mariyu carnell mariyu rutgers vanti vishwavidyaalayaalatho bhagaswamyanni srushtinchindi. marchi 4,2010naa, ii. pii. eah. govanus kaaluvanu daani superfund jaateeya praadhaanyatala jaabitaalo unchinatlu prakatinchindi. dheeni taruvaata, usays ventane vaari adhyayananni nilipivesi, vaari parisoedhana mottaanni epaku icchaaru.
modatlo, sthaanika nivaasitulu epa pratipaadita subhrapariche paddhatulanu vyatiraekimchaaru, endukante kaaluva nundi tirigi pondina visha vyardhaalu badulugaa sameepamloni bahiranga praantaalaku sthaanabhramsham chendutayani vaaru bhayapaddaru. 2013 natiki, govanasloki manchineetini pravahinche soramgaanni marammatu cheyadam dwara kaaluvalooni muruguneeti mottaanni tagginchaalani envicedipi yochistondi. marammatu cheyadam valla muruguneeti samasya taggutundi, conny tolaginchabadadu. 2013 september 27naa, ii. pii. eah. govanus kaaluva kosam subhrapariche pranaalikanu aamodinchindi. 506 million dollarla vyayamtho 2022 natiki poortayye eee pranaalika, kaaluvanu 3va veedhi mariyu hamilton avenue vantena dwara vibhajinchi moodu vibhagaluga vibhajinchindi. eee pranaalikaloo moodu dasalu untayih kaaluva diguva nundi kalushitamaina avakshepananu puudikatoe puudchadam; puudikatoe nindina praantaalanu moosiveyadam; mariyu bhavishyattulo kalushyanni nivaarinchadaaniki mishrama muruguneeti pongiporlupai niyantranalanu amalu cheyadam. indulo puurvapu 1va veedhi pareevaahaka praantam mariyu puurvapu 5va veedhi pareevaahaka praantam yokka tavvakam mariyu punaruddharana kooda untundi. punaruddharanaku ii. pii. eah. dwara kaalushyaaniki "baadhyataayutamaina paarteelu" gaa bhaavinche samsthalu chellinchaalani bhaavistunnaaru, veetilo brooklin gyaas mariyu electric unnaayi, ivi ippudu jaateeya gridga mariyu newyork nagaramgaa vyaparam chestunnayi.
epa shubhraparachadaaniki edu pranaalikalanu suuchimchimdi. 2014loe, ii. pii. eah. govanus kaaluvalo vishapuurita buradanu kaligi undataaniki oka pratipaadananu samarpinchindi. graama vois" rendu drushyaalanu atyanta aacharaneeyamainavigaa nivedinchindi. veetini puurti cheyadaaniki padhi samvatsaraalu padutundani anchanaa veyabadindi mariyu veeti kharchu sumaru $350-$450 millionlu untundi. pranaalikalaloo modati dasha dredging, idhi 2016loe praarambhamavvaalsi undhi. rendava dasha rendu ververu pratipaadita "cap" laloe okadaanni veyadam. modati "cap" pratipaadana concreat parikaram kosam undagaa, rendavadi kalushya-shoshaka bankamatti, isuka buffer mariyu raallatho kuudina langarutho kuudina bahula-porala parikaram kosam. chivariki, kaaluvalo samsthaapana kosam bahula-pora topeeni empika chesaaru. ayithe, subhraparachadam valla aarogyaaniki pramaadam undavacchani aandolanalu unnaayi.
subhraparachadam praarambhinchandi.
2017 praarambhamlo, epa administrator scott pruit, epa budget maarpulu mariyu programme tolagimpulanu pratipaadinchina, suupar fund shubhraparachadaaniki praadhaanyata ivvaalani cheppi, nidhulanu aamodinchaaru.
subhrapariche prakriya 2017 octoberulo praarambhamaindi, aaa samayamlo, subhrapariche pani 50.6 kotla dollarlu kharchu avtundani anchanaa veyabadindi. kaaluva yokka naalugo veedhi malupu pareevaahaka praantamloo modati dasha prayogaatmaka adhyayanam december 2016loe praarambhamaindi, conny kaaluva odduna pedda mottamlo talalanu erpaatu chestunnappudu alasyam ayindi. rendava prapancha yuddham nundi crash boat vanti aneka kalakhandalanu, vastraala kosam paarisraamika chekka babins, 19va sataabdapu vyagan chakralanu eee vimaana chodaka yantram velikiteesindi. puraavastu saastravettalu adhyayanam cheyadaaniki mundu eee kalakhandalanu kalushitaalanu subhram cheyalsi vachindi. juulai 2018loe, prayogaatmaka adhyayanam samayamlo, contractor lopam kaaranamgaa mottam aaharaala sameepamlo unna vihaarayaatra debbatindi. eee subhraparachadam 2020loe praarambhamai, rendu samvatsaraala taruvaata puurtavutumdani bhaavinchaaru. 2020 janavari 28, mangalavaaram naadu epa oka adhikaarika uttarvunu jaarii chesindi, idhi 1.8 mailla podavaina kaaluvapai $506 millionla subhrapariche modati dasanu praarambhinchindi. eee 125 million dollarla modati dasha 2020 september loe mariyu chivari 30 nelallo praarambhamavutundi.
bhagalu.
eepaa chikitsa.
kaaluva yokka vishapuurita avakshepana pora sagatuna mandamgaa untundi, mariyu konni pradaesaalaku cherukuntundi. suupar fund shubhraparachadamlo bhaagamgaa, eepaa eguva mariyu madhya bhagala nundi dadapuga atyanta kalushitamaina avakshepananu mariyu diguva bhaagam nundi kalushitamaina avakshepananu tolagistundi. avakshepananu off-sait sadupaayamlo suddhi chestaaru.
appudu, kalushyam antarleena avakshepananu vyaapinchina pradaesaalaloo, eepaa aneka porala swachchamaina padaarthamthoo puudikanu moosivestundi. bahula-pora poralalo oka nirdishta rakam mattitho chesina "kriyaaseela" pora untundi, idhi diguva nundi baga paiki vachhe kalushyanni tolagistundi. bankamatti pora paina isuka mariyu kankara yokka "isolation" pora untundi, idhi kalushitaalu bahirgatam kakunda chusukuntundi. taruvaata, bhaarii kankara mariyu raathi yokka "kavacham" pora padava rakapokalu mariyu kaaluva pravahalanu antarleena poralanu naasanam cheyakunda nirodhistundi. paie poralo "kavacham" porapai taginanta swachchamaina isuka untundi, raalla poralooni antaraalanu nimputundi mariyu kaaluva diguva bhaganni aavasamga punaruddharinchadaaniki taginanta lothunu erpaatu chestundi. kaaluva madhya mariyu eguva bhagalalo, drava boggu taaru sahaja avakshepanaloki chochukupoyinappudu, eepaa concreetu ledhaa ilanti padaarthaalatho kalapadam dwara aaa avakshepananu sthireekaristundi. sthireekarinchabadina praantaalu bahula-pora topeelatho kappabadataayi.
suupar fund namuunaaku epa baadhyataayutamaina paarteela (prps) nundi nashtapariharam koralsina avasaram unnanduna, subhrapariche pranaalika yokka anchanaa vyayam vibhajinchabadutundi mariyu kaaluvanu kalushitam cheyadaaniki baadhyata vahinche 30 kante ekkuva companylatho paatu newyork nagara prabhutvam mariyu united states naevii vanti prabhutva samsthalalo pampinhee cheyabadutundi. brooklin union gyaas vanti eee companylalo konni, ikapai unikilo laevu, marchabaddayi ledhaa paeru marchabaddayi. eee panicheyani companylu maroka companylo vileenam cheyabadi unte, kalushya kaarakaalanu srushtinchina ledhaa taralinchina companyla maadirigaane aasti yajamaanulu mariyu maatru companylu kooda baadhyata vahinchaalani bhaavinchaaru. eepaa superfund govanus nivedika rendu pradhana pripsnu gurtinchindihi national grid (idhi taruvaata brooklin union gyaas varasudu keyspannu sampaadinchindi) mariyu newyork nagara prabhutvam.
flushing sorangam yokka punahprarambham.
newyork nagara paryaavarana parirakshana vibhagam prakaram, flushing tunnell pampunu tirigi sakriyam cheyadaaniki 1982loe pranaalikalu pratipaadinchabaddaayi. vividha sanghatanala kaaranamgaa project 1994 varaku alasyam cheyabadindi. sorangam chivaraku 1999loe tirigi sakriyam cheyabadindi. kotta designlo 600 harspower (450 kilowatt) motarunu upayoginchaaru, idhi eguva newyork beloni majjiga chhaanel nundi kaaluva yokka thala chivaraloki sagatu roeju gaali neetini pampindi. sorangam gundaa neeru pravahistunnappatiki, alala balagalu antey rojuku 11 gantalu matrame pampu cheyagalavu. flushing pump panichestunnappudu teesukunna neeti namuunaala naanhyata merugupadinatlu nivedinchabadindi.
2010loe, newyork nagaram flushing soramgaanni meruguparachadaaniki mariyu tirigi sakriyam cheyadaaniki naalugu samvatsaraala prajectunu praarambhinchindi. dhi newyork times" prakaram, pratipaadita pranaalikalaloo "motaru pitnu punarnirminchi, propellarnu moodu aadhunika niluvu turbinelatho bharti cheyadaaniki charyalu unnaayi; sorangam lopali bhaganni subhraparachandi, pyaach cheyandi mariyu sunnitamgaa cheyandi; virigina muruguneeti gottanni bharti chesi, neeti pravahanni meruguparachadaaniki concreetulo kappandi; mariyu sameepamloni pumping plantlo saamarthyaanni penchadam dwara kaaluvaloki muruguneeti pravahanni tagginchandi". oxygen kantentnu penchadam eee project yokka pradhana lakshyam. varadalu nundi klishtamaina parikaraalanu rakshinchadaaniki, isuka tuphaanu taruvaata, 2012loe asalu pranaalikalu savarinchabaddaayi. 2014loe, chaalaa pani puurtayina taruvaata, $17.7 kotla vyayamtho sorangam tirigi sakriyam cheyabadindi.
tuphaanu neeti nirvahana.
daani charitra antataa, govanus kaaluva yokka muruguneeti samasyalu tuphaanu neeti prabhaavaala valla teevrataram ayyayi. konnellugaa, bhaarii varshaalu veedhulanu varadalu munchettaayi mariyu muruguneeti linelu pongiporladaaniki kaaranamayyaayi, idhi kaaluva kaalushyaaniki dohadam chestundi. govanus kaaluva praantamloo ekkuva bhaagam samudra mattamlo undhi, oka jonelo varadalu vachhe pramaadam undhi. varadalanu nivaarinchadaaniki, nagaram tuphaanu neeti nirvahana yokka vividha paddhatulalo pettubadi pedutondi. tuphaanu neetini grahinchadaaniki mariyu kaaluvaloki muruguneeti pravahanni tagginchadaaniki kaalibaatalu venta pratyeka curbside guardens ledhaa bioswellsnu srushtinchadam oka sambandhita merugudala. oka community aadhaarita laabhaapekshaleni samstha, govanus kenal conservancy, bioswales yokka nirvahanalo paalgontundi. 2015loe, nagaram rendava veedhiloo kaaluva yokka paschima odduna sponge paarkunu nirminchindi. eee udyaanavanam tuphaanu neeti pareevaahaka praantamgaa rettimpu avutundi, kalushya kaarakaalanu kaaluvaloki vellae mundu grahistundi.
2017 nundi, nagara paryaavarana rakshana vibhagam nagaram yokka muruguneeti vyavasthanu varadalu rakunda tuphaanu neetini nivaarinchadaaniki aneka mailla ettaina tuphaanu muruguneeti kaaluvalanu (hcls) nirminchindi. kotta tuphaanu muruguneeru kotta mariyu ippatike unna pareevaahaka praantaalalo sekarinchina tuphaanu neetini teesukuvelutundi, idhi muruguneeti vyavasthaloki pravesinchakundaa nirodhistundi. douglus veedhiki dakshinaana muruguneeti samsthaapanalatho kuudina modati dasha, 2018 vesavi natiki puurtikaavaalsi undhi; douglus veedhiki uttaraana rendava dasha 2018 nundi 2020 varaku konasaagutundi. kaaluva uttara chivaraku thoorpuna unna praantamloo nirminchina hcls, govanus kaaluva pareevaahaka praantamloo tuphaanu neetilo sagam swaadheenam chesukovalani pranaalika cheyabadindi.
2017loe kooda, newyork nagara prabhutvam tuphaanu neeti nirvahanaku sahaayapadataaniki kaaluva venta rendu ummadi muruguneeti pravaaha soukaryaalanu nirminche pranaalikalanu prachurinchindi. modati soukaryam, "head end sait", thoorpu odduna kaaluvaku uttara chivaralo undaali. ippatike unna tayari gyaas plant sait prakkane unna eee soukaryam, kaaluva yokka paschima odduku mariyu kaaluva yokka talaku uttaraana unna bhoomini kaligi unna redd hook pareevaahaka praantam nundi muruguneetini nirvahistundi. rendava soukaryam, "gudlagoobala thala pradaesam", rendava avenue mariyu aidava veedhiloo undaali, ikkada nalgava veedhi pareevaahaka praantam migilina kaaluva nundi vidipotundi. idhi gudlagoobala thala pareevaahaka praantam nundi neetini subhraparustundi, idhi thoorpu odduna nundi prospect park varaku bhoomini kaligi untundi. eee kotta soukaryaalu nagaram mariyu epa madhya oppandamlo bhaagamgaa avasaram.
2019 fibravari natiki, suddhi cheyani muruguneetini tankullo nilva cheyala ledhaa sorangam dwara bayataku pampala anae daanipai epa mariyu nagaram vibhedinchaayi. kaaluva venta kottagaa nirminchina cheruvulaku muruguneetini mallinchaalani epa korukundi, idhi takkuva khareedainadi mariyu 2027 natiki puurtavutumdi. ayithe, nagaram suddhi cheyani muruguneetini kotta sorangamloki mallinchaalani pratipaadinchindi, idhi marinta khareedainadi mariyu 2030 loe puurtavutumdi.
punaraabhivruddhi.
punaraabhivruddhi pranaalikalu.
1980 natiki, govanus praantam yokka takkuva addelu mariyu newyorkloni khareedaina saamskrutika kendraalaku sameepamlo undatam kalaakaarulu mariyu sangeetakaarulanu aakarshinchindi. takkuva sthala-nundi-vyaya nishpattula nundi prayojanam pondina studiolu, sangeeta vedikalu, baarlu, jimlu mariyu itara vyaapaaraalaku takkuva aakramita paarisraamika praantam sthalaalanu andinchindi. edemaina, eee praantam yokka janabha 1990loe chaaritraatmakamgaa 24,000 mandhi nivaasitula sankhyaku taggindi. 1985loe punaruddharana kosam moosiveyabadina oka mukhyamaina govanus kaaluva crossing ayina caroll veedhi vantena. idhi chuttupakkala communitylaku pedda asoukaryaanni kaliginchindi, vaaru kaaluvaku avatali vaipuku velladaaniki aneka blaakulu nadavalsi vachindi. phalitamgaa vyaparalu, paatasaalalu moosiveyabaddaayi. vantena 1989loe daani 100va vaarshikotsavam sandarbhamgaa tirigi teravabadindi.
1999loe, assembly women john millman oka pedda thala adhyayanam mariyu praja pravesha patraanni utpatti cheyadaaniki mariyu pampinhee cheyadaaniki govanus kenal community development corporation (zii. sii. sii. dii. sii) kuu $100,000 ketaayinchaaru. marusati samvatsaram, govanus kaaluva venta moodu veedhi-antha bahiranga pradaesaalanu nirminchadaaniki newyork city department off paarkulu mariyu vinodam yokka green streat programme nundi zii. sii. sii. dii. sii. $270,000 andukundi. governor georg ii. 2001loe punarujjeevana pranaalikanu roopondinchadaaniki pataaki adanamgaa $270,000 nidhulu samakuurchindi. teerapraantamlo oka prayogaatmaka prajectunu amalu cheyadaaniki 2002loe $100,000 muuladhana nidhulanu ketaayinchaaru. 2003loe, congress mahila ayina naidia velogquez samagra samaja abhivruddhi pranaalikanu roopondinchadaaniki adanamgaa $225,000 ketaayinchaaru. eee harita veedhi prajectulanu nirvahinchadaaniki mariyu shubhraparachadaaniki samstha community volunteerlapai aadhaarapadutundi.
newyork nagara prabhutvam, sthaanika pourula samuuhaalu, developerlu, epa mariyu usays eee praantamloo punaraabhivruddhi kosam aneka rakaala aandolanalu mariyu vibhina drukpathaalanu kaligi unnaayi. newyork nagara prabhutvam govanus kaaluvanu suupar fund saitga gurtinchadam valla kalushya kaarulapai aneka khareedaina vyajyalu jarugutaayani bhayapadindi. intalo, govanus parisaraalaku thoorpuna unna praantam 2003loe balamaina vaanijya bhaagamtho adhika saandrata nivaasa upayogam kosam reezon cheyabadindi. 2009loe, reezon govanus pranaalikalu kooda srushtinchabaddaayi. resoning valla muruguneeti pravaham yerpadavachhu anie aneka mandhi nivaasitulu mariyu community groupulu aandolana vyaktam chesaayi.
punaraabhivruddhi pradaesaalu.
1990la praarambhamlo united states postal servies tommidava veedhi vantenaku thoorpu vaipuna unna yuu. ess. pii. ess nirvahana gyaarejeeni moosivesindi. eee sait vaanijya abhivruddhiki andubaatulo undindi. 1998loe, brooklin commons nirmaanam kosam eee sait pratipaadinchabadindi, $63 millionla vinoda mariyu retail complexes, indulo 22-screen multiplexes cinema, bowling allie, shaapulu, restaurantlu mariyu 1,500-space parking sthalam unnaayi. swedish furniture store ikia aaa pradaesamloe oka dukaanaanni teravaalani yochinchindi, conny samajam nundi vyatiraekata taruvaata 2001loe daani pratipaadananu upasamharinchukundi. taruvaata prakkane unna redd hooklo oka dukaanaanni nirminchadaaniki ikiaku anumati ivvabadindi. 9va veedhi pradaesam 2004 varaku khaliga undipoyindi, appudu oka pedda loves store nirminchabadindi mariyu teravabadindi, alaage kaaluvaku edurugaa prakkane unna praja vihaarayaatra.
1998 natiki, kaaluva chuttoo unna parisaraalu (caroll thotalu mariyu park vaalu) nivaasa marketlo aasaktini punaruddharinchayi. kalushyam mariyu saadhyamayye varadalaku sambandhinchina paryaavarana pramaadampai avagahanalu newyork nagaramloni marinta khareedaina praantaalaku andubaatulo unde vibhina samajam yokka aakarshanhato pootii paddayi. eee sanklishtamaina pattana praantam yokka bhavishyattunu nirnayinchadaaniki vividha samuuhaalu prayatnistunnanduna eee praantaaniki "govanus tayari john" anae kotta john hodha ivvabadindi.
punarvyavastheekaranapai subhraparachadam yokka prabhavalu.
fibravari 2009loe, newyork nagaram developer, toll brothers inkku johning maarpunu manjuru chesindi. idhi 480-unitla, pannendu antastula suupar-block nivaasa prajectuku anumatinchindi, modatidi jalamaargam venta anumatinchabadindi. 3, 200 apartmentlatho madhya taraha abhivruddhi kosam nagaram kontha bhoomini kooda ketaayinchindi. samvatsaraaniki kalipi $500 millionla pannu aadaayaanni utpatti cheyadaaniki pranaalika cheyabadina 60 pradaesaalaku iravai aidu nagara blaakulu ketayinchabaddayi. govanus kaaluvanu suupar fund subhrapariche pradaesamgaa prakatinchina taruvaata toll sodarulu 2010loe tama prajectunu vidichipettaru.
ayithe, subhraparachadam vallane govanaslo pedda punaraabhivruddhi udyamam jarigindi. govanus praantamloo modati pedda ettuna lagjari abhivruddhi, 365 baand, juun 2016loe praarambhinchabadindi mariyu taruvaati samvatsaram puurtigaa aakraminchabadindi. 86 sarasamaina apartmentla kosam 56,000 kante ekkuva darakhaastulu unnaayi. 2016 augustulo, nagaram chuttupakkala porugu praantaalaku resoning prakriyanu tirigi praarambhinchindi. juun 2017loe, govanus kaaluva parirakshana eee praantaaniki punaraabhivruddhi pranaalikanu roopondinche prakriyanu praarambhinchindi. 43-block praantaanni reezon cheyadam mariyu developerlu sarasamaina gruhaala kosam kotta unitlalo 25 saatam reserve cheyalsina avasaram sahaa 2018loe marinta samagra pranaalikanu velladinchaalani adhikarulu yochincharu.
2017 chivari natiki, kotta abhivruddhi kaaluva uttara bhaagamlo resoning praantam chuttoo kendrikrutamai undhi. eee praantam vaegamgaa prasaantamgaa unnappatikee, kontamandi nivaasitulu kotta parinaamaalanu vyatiraekimchaaru. eee praantaaniki sambandhinchina john pranaalika 2019 natiki maarpulaku lonavutundani anchanaa veyabadindi, aaa samayamlo suupar fund subhraparachadam daani sikharaagramlo untundi. aneka mandhi developerlu kaaluva venta konugolu chesaaru, ledhaa konugolu cheyaalani yochincharu, vidichipettaru ledhaa takkuva upayoginchina water front saitlu. tommidava veedhiloo oka kalakarudi samudaayaanni mishrama-viniyoga karyalaya bhavana samudaayamgaa marcharu. adanamgaa, lyric-ullekhana website medhavi.com kaaluva uttara bhaagamlo oka bhavanamloki maarindi.
prastuta viniyogam.
neeti odduku pravesam mariyu kaaluva vidyanu andinchadaaniki ankitamaina samsthalalo govanus dredgers cano club (1999loe sthaapinchabadindi), mariyu urban diverse estury conservancy (1998loe sthaapinchabadindi) unnaayi. 2003 seasonlo, 1,000 mandiki paiga prajalu dredger cano club karyakramalalo palgonnaru, kaaluva venta 2,000 kante ekkuva prayaanaalu chesaaru.
nagara prabhutvam 1975loe smith mariyu 4va veedhullo oka sthalaanni teesukoni, daanini "praja vinoda sthalam" gaa upayoginchadaaniki oka bahiranga pradaesamgaa niyaminchindi. oka bahiranga pradaesamgaa chattaparamaina hodha unnappatikee, developerlu itara upayogaala kosam saitnu abhivruddhi cheyaalani nirantaram pratipaadinchaaru. boggu gyaas tayari samvatsaraala taruvaata sait loe migili unna kalushyanni shubhraparachadaaniki jaateeya grid baadhyata vahistundi. eee subhraparachadam puurtayina tarvaata, aaa sthalaanni newyork nagara udyaanavanaala vibhaagaaniki appaginchaalsi undhi.
kriyaaseelata.
november 2006loe, "prapancha ghnaanamgaa sthaanika charya" kuu ankitam cheyabadina panduga, aavasalu, paryaavarana samavesalu, sahakaara kala, vidya karyakramalu mariyu eee praantam chuttoo paraspara nadakalatho govanus kaaluvanu jarupukunnayi. eee kaaluva vividha kalaa samsthalaku kooda nilayamgaa undhi. eeju project room okasari kaaluva odduna marchabadina sailo loe kalaa kaaryakramaalanu nirvahinchindi. yard, oka bahiranga kacheri sthalam, 2007 vesavilo caroll streat vantena sameepamlo praarambhinchabadindi, conny 2010 vesavi chivarilo moosiveyabadindi.
2015 loe bhuu dinotsavam sandarbhamgaa, paryaavarana kaaryakarta christopher swine paryaavarana punaruddharana pani gurinchi avagahana penchadaaniki govanus kaaluva dwara eetha kottaru. athanu rakshanaatmaka eetha dustulu dharinchaadu, ayithe athani charmamlo kontha bhaagam jeeva mariyu paarisraamika vyardhaalaku guraindi. athanu anty bacterial lotion mariyu hydrogen peroxide mouth wash vanti nivaarana charyalanu upayoginchaadu. bhaareega kalushitamaina jalamargala dwara eetha kottina swine, "burada, puu, detergent, noone mariyu gasoline" mariyu "muriki diaper dwara eetha kottadam" dwara eetha kottina neeti yokka atyanta muriki sareeram govanus anie varninchaadu.
neeti naanhyata.
govanus kaaluvalooni vividha bhagalu samarthavantamgaa suukshma vaataavaranaalu, ivi chaalaa bhinnamaina paristhitulu mariyu kalushya rakalanu kaligi undavacchu. mottammeeda, neeru traagadaaniki ledhaa eetha kottadaniki surakshitam kaadani bhaavistaaru, mariyu kaaluva neetitho sambandham nirodhinchabadutundi. govanus dredgers cano club prajalanu kaaluvapai padava vaeyadaaniki prothsahistundi, kontavaraku eee praantaanni punaruddharinchadaaniki prothsaahakamgaa. pattana diverse nadimukha samrakshana puurti-encapsulation suutlanu upayoginchi jagrattagaa diving cheyadaaniki anumatistundi, taruvaata kathinamaina krimisamhaaraka vidhanalu untaayi. kaaluvalo chikkukunna chepalu saadhaaranamgaa vishapuuritamainavi mariyu pedda parimaanamlo tinadaaniki surakshitam kaadu. pakshulu kaaluvaku tirigi ravadam praarambhinchaayi, idhi vanyapraanulaku maddatu ivvadaaniki neeti naanhyata merugupadutundani kondaru bhaavistunnaaru.
kathaatmaka vivaranalu.
kaaluva neeti naanhyataku sambandhinchina vruttaanta nivedikalalo 19va sataabdamloo boggu mariyu kabela vyardhaala kaaranamgaa erupu-oodaa rangu, telikapati oodaa rangu, 20va sataabdamloo daani maaruperuku "lavender sarassu" daariteesindi. iravayyava sataabdapu rachayita hetch. pii. premakala "daani bhayankaramaina stambhaala vadda telikapati alalu" anie varninchindi. 1999loe, neeti saadhaarana rangu "tellati under tontho aakupaccha, cream-infused coffey roopaanni pooli untundi" anie varninchabadindi. 2013 naati oka kathanam kaaluva yokka "aadhunika" rangunu buudida-aakupaccha rangugaa varnistundi. 2017loe, iddaru deerghakaala nivaasitulu 1950laloe kaaluva yokka nalla rangunu gurthu chesukunnaruh "meeru chudagaligindi pedda sespool, mariyu budagalu paiki ravadam matrame."
govanus kaaluva neeti uparitalam tarachugaa chamuru, polychlorinated biphenols (pcbs), boggu taaru mariyu itara paarisraamika vyardhaalanu soochinche prakaasavantamaina sheen kaligi unnatlu nivedinchabadindi. iteevala december 2009 loe oka govanus kaaluva daryaaptu saaraamsa nivedikalo "spotty, iricycent, mariyu vividha teevrata kaligina platty sheins", mala padaartham, emulsified ayil mariyu kaaluva yokka vividha praantaalalo naan-jaleeya dasha dravam yokka blebla unikini gurtinchindi. photographerlu kaaluva yokka kalaatmaka chitraalanu kooda sangrahinchaaru.
kaaluva yokka neeti apaaradarsakata neeti mokkala diguva sthaayi perugudalaku avasaramaina lothulo moodinta oka vanthu varaku suuryarasmini addukuntundi. perugutunna gyaas budagalu muruguneeti burada kullipovadaanni mosam chestaayi, idhi vecchani, vaedi rojuna govanus kaaluva yokka gurtinchadagina pandina durvasananu utpatti chestundi. oka vilekhari aaa vasananu "upayoginchina motaru noone mariyu kullina gudlatho nindina rabbaru bootlo mea talanu antinchadam laantidi" anie varninchagaa, maroka vilekhari "gonthu ukkiribikkiri cheyadaaniki cherukune daadi kante takkuva vaasana" anie annaru. konnisaarlu idhi petrolium yokka koruku vasananu kaligi untundi, chanipoyina chepala suuchana kante ekkuva."neetilo oxygen sthaayilu peragadamtho iteevali samvatsaraalalo vaasana tagginatlu nivedikalu unnaayi.
kaaluva yokka muriki lotulu daani paarisraamika gatam yokka vaarasatvaanni dachipedatayi cement, chamuru, paadarasam, seesam, bahula asthira sendriya sammelanaalu, pcbs, boggu taaru mariyu itara kalushitaalu. nalla myonnais" yokka burada diguva pora 19va sataabdam praarambhamlo vivarinchabadindi mariyu ippatikee undhi-konni pradaesaalaloo lothu varaku.
shaastreeya kolatalu.
1970la nundi, vividha rakaala prabhutva, vidya, pourula samuuhaalu kaaluva neeti naanhyatanu appudappudu kolustaayi. neeti naanhyatanu track cheyadaaniki pondikaina, deerghakaalika karyakramam ledhu endukante atuvanti kaaryakramaaniki nidhulu laevu.
eee kaaluva adhika sthaayi vyadhikaaraka kaarakaalanu kaligi untundi, veetilo chaalaa varaku manavulaku hanikaram. newyork city community college microbiologists 1974 nivedikalo neetilo typhoid, kalara, virechanaalu mariyu kshayavyadhi unnayani kanugonnaru. adanamgaa, newyork naukaasrayam yokka 2003 nivedika prakaram, govanus kaaluva mottam naukaasrayamloo yea pradaesaanikainaa atyadhika sthaayi vyadhikaaraka kaarakaalanu kaligi undhi. newyork nagara vishwavidhyaalayaaniki chendina suukshmajeevasaastraveetta nasreen huck mariyu aame taragatulu kooda govanus nundi neetini pareekshinchaayi. 2007-2008 loe, hock yokka taragatulu gonorrhoea kaaranamayye vaatitho sahaa "prati rakamaina oohinchadagina vyadhikaarakaanni" kanugonnatlu nivedinchaayi. ayithe, 2010loe, city tech vidyaarthulu vaaru oohinchina daanikante takkuva sthaayilo "eskerichia kooli" nuu kanugonnaru.
kaaluvalo mala padaartham kooda prabalamgaa undhi. 2009loe, bhaarii varshaalu mariyu muruguneeti varadala taruvaata ventane nadhi samrakshakudu anie piluvabade sthaanika paryaavarana "porugu watch" kaaluva neetini pareekshinchindi. idhi 100 millilitarlaku 17,329 kanaala sthaayilalo "enterococcus" nuu nivedinchindi, 100 millilitarlaku 104 kanaalaku minchi edainaa surakshitam kaadani pariganinchabadutundi; "enterococcus" anedi itara sambhaavya vyadhikaaraka kaarakaala suuchikagaa pariganinchabadutundi. 2013 natiki, mala padaartham ippatikee govanus neetilo vandaku bhagala sthaayilo undhi. oka jalamaargam kosam marinta saadhaarana kolata millionku bhagalu untundi.
modati prapancha yuddhaaniki mundhe kaaluva neetilo karigina takkuva sthaayi oxygen undhi. aarogyakaramaina samudra jeevulaku maddatu ivvadaaniki avasaramaina kaneesa oxygen sthaayi millionku 4 bhagaluga anchanaa veyabadindi. 1909 lone, kaaluvalo assalu praanavaayuvu ledani nivedinchabadindi. 1975loe teevramaina oxygen korata ippatikee gamaninchabadindi, idhi neeti mokkala jeevitam ledhaa chepalanu nilabettukolekapovadanni suuchistumdi. 1999loe, flushing sorangam tirigi sakriyam kaavadaaniki mundu, "environmental magazine" govanus kaaluvalo oxygen sthaayilu millionku 1.5 bhagalu anie nivedinchindi; eee sankhya padnaalugu samvatsaraala taruvaata kooda konasaagindi. ayithe, 2008 natiki, neeti oxygenationnu andinchadaaniki flushing sorangam tirigi terichina tommidella taruvaata, jeevasaastravetta cathleen nolan mariyu St nundi vidyaarthulu. frances kalaasaala neeti namuunaanu sekarinchi, karigina oxygen sthaayilu gananeeyamgaa perigaayani nivedinchindi. 2014loe, oka nisde pratinidhi, karigina oxygen sthaayilu millionku sumaru 9-12 bhagala paridhiloo unnatlu nivedinchabaddaayi.
kaaluvalooni avasheshaala antarleena poralaku sambandhinchi, eee. pii. eah. mariyu itara samsthalu daani antataa nalla myonnais kuurpu mariyu pampinhee gurinchi vivaranaatmaka vislaeshanhalu chesaayi. 2012 suupar fund pratipaadita pranaalikaloo avakshepana poralu, neeru mariyu chuttupakkala praantamlooni kalushya kaarakaala rakalaku sambandhinchina pramaadaaniki sambandhinchina vivaranaatmaka anchanaalu kooda unnaayi.
govanus kaaluva kalushyam kooda kaaluva mukhadwaram vadda unna govanus kreekku vyaapinchindi. 1982loe, usays eee creak loe navigation paie oka nivedika phalitaalanu vidudala chesindi. oxygen sthaayilu levani, adhika mala coliformlu, mariyu chamuru mariyu greeju yokka gananeeyamaina samuuhaalu unnayani idhi kanugondi.
vanyapraanulu.
modata, eguva newyork baeloe atlantic mahasamudramloki pravahinche chittadi naela mariyu manchineeti buggalu bhaarii gullapappu padakalaku maddatu ivvagalavu. 1911 chivari natiki, prajalu govanus kaaluvalo chepalu pattadam mariyu clams kosam nadavadam gurinchi nivedinchaaru. 1927 natiki, nivaasa vinaasanam, adhika panta kotha mariyu kalushyam phalitamgaa newyork yokka chivari gullapappu padakalu moosiveyabaddaayi.
chippalu mariyu itara chippamacchalanu kaaluvaku tirigi pravesapettadaaniki prayatnaalu jarigaayi, endukante avi vishanni filter cheyagalavu mariyu neetini shubhraparachadamlo sahaayapadataayi. oka gulla oka rojuki entha neeru undho antha neetini proses cheyagaladu. envai/enje bakeyper paryaavarana samuuham swachchanda sevakulaku gullalanu istundi, vaaru sthaanika jalamargalalo vaari aarogyam mariyu perugudalanu paryaveekshistaaru. vaaru cotty mosher-smith mariyu govanus community oster garden yokka stevardulaku upaadhyaayulu, vidyaarthulu mariyu govanus dredgers cano clubto kalisi kaaluvalo oster bonulanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki mariyu paryaveekshinchadaaniki sahayam chesaaru. 2012loe, prakruti drushyam vaastusilpi cate orf gullalu, mussels mariyu elgrass kaligi unna sajeeva dibbatho kuudina park kosam oka roopakalpananu pratipaadinchaaru. oka prayogaatmaka kaaryakramamlo bhaagamgaa, ribb masselsnu aakarshinchadaaniki taadulanu oka naukaasrayaaniki velaadadeesaaru.
flushing sorangam punaruddharana, mariyu phalitamgaa kaaluvalo oxygen sthaayilu peragadam, kontha jalajeevula tirigi raavadaaniki thodpaddaayi. 1999loe flushing sorangam tirigi terichina konni nelallone, zaan sii. pattana paryaavaranam kosam brooklin center yokka muir gulabi jellie fish, neelam peetalu mariyu vividha rakaala chepalanu gamaninchindi. 2009 natiki, white perch, herring, chaarala baas mariyu yankovilu jalamaargamlo nivasistunnaayi. 2014loe, govanus kaaluva samrakshana samstha herrons, aggrets, gabbilalu mariyu kenada gees sameepamlo nivasistunnatlu nivedinchindi. ayithe, govanus kaaluvalo nivasinche vyaktulu mariyu adavi jantuvula janabha punarutpatti samasyalaku gurayye pramaadam undhi. newyork naukaasrayamloo vaerae chota nivasistunna adhe jaatiki chendina sabhyulatho poliste kaaluvalo nivasinche jeevulu saadhaaranamgaa sagatu kante takkuva ayurdayam kaligi untaayi.
sumaru 15 tinadagina jaatula chepalu mariyu shelfishlanu kaaluvalo chudavachu, conny avi vishapuuritamainavi. 2012 nivedika prakaram, shelfishlo vishapadaardhaalu untaayi mariyu tinadaaniki surakshitam kaadu. ayithe, 2018loe post chesina sankethaalu 15 ellu daatina purushulu mariyu 50 ellu daatina mahilalu prati vaaram govanus kaaluva nundi aaru neelam peetalu varaku surakshitamgaa tinavacchani suuchistunnaayi, ayithe 50 ellalopu mahilalu mariyu 15 ellalopu pillalu kaaluva yokka neelam peetalu assalu tinakudadu.
kaaluvalo jala ksheeradaalu arudugaa mariyu teevramaina badhala sandarbhaalalo matrame gamaninchabaddaayi. 2003loe kaaluvalo oka harp seal gamaninchabadindi, daani flupperlu raktapaatam chendaayi, conny adhi manugada saaginchindi mariyu podavaina dveepa dhwaniki maarchabadindi. 2007loe, bhaarii tuphaanula phalitamgaa oka yuva mink timingalam kaaluvalo chikkukundi. twaralone "burada" anie maaruperuto piluvabade timingalam bayataku raalekapoyindi mariyu ventane maraninchindi. janthu shareera nirmaana shaastravetta joy redenberg nirvahinchina burada yokka necropsy, timingalam appatike anaarogyamtho undani suuchimchimdi. janavari 26,2013naa, oka dolphin takkuva aatupotla samayamlo kaaluvaloki pravesinchi, bayataku ralekapoyi maraninchindi. oka shavapareeksha adhi chikkukune mundu madhya vayaskudu mariyu anaarogyamtho unnatlu choopinchindi. indulo moothrapindaallo raallu, gastric alsarlu mariyu paraannajeevulu undevi.
kotta jeevana roopaalu.
govanus kaaluva manavulaku vishapuuritamainadi ayinappatikee, idhi gatamlo gurtinchabadani rakaala jeevulanu pempondinchavacchu. 2008loe, nasreen mariyu nilopher huck kaaluva diguvana burada paina telutunna "biophilm" yokka tellani meghalu unnatlu nivedinchaaru. tellani padaarthaalu" anie aadabhaashalo paeru pettabadinavi bacteria, protojova, rasayanalu mariyu itara padaarthaala sahakaara misramam anie pareekshalu suuchimchaayi. misramam yokka bhagalu kalisi aaharaanni kanugonadaaniki panicheesaayi, mariyu jeeva bhagalu janyuvulanu mariyu visarjinchina padaarthaalanu marpidi chesukuntaayi, ivi neetilo vishapadaardhaala nundi rakshinchadaaniki antibiaticga panicheestaayi. eee sakataalu kaaluva nundi methicillin-nirodhaka "staphylococcus arius" nuu adhyayanam cheyadam praarambhinchaayi, tadwara bacterianu nirodhinche vaati gurinchi marinta telusukovadaaniki, tadwara parisoedhana kotta antibiatic aushadhaalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki sahaayapadavachhu.
2014loe, swachchanda sevakulu mariyu saastravettalu kaaluva nundi nalla myonnais namuunaanu sekarinchadaaniki hazmat suutlanu dharinchaaru, wheel-carnell vaidya kalasalalo kramabaddheekarinchina dnnu velikiteesaaru. startup genspace executive director ellen georgensen, eee brundam dnalo sagam gurtinchadamlo viphalamaindani nivedinchaaru. vaaru "42 rakaala bacteria, rendu vairaslu mariyu archia domine nundi aidu jeeva roopaalanu kanugonnaru, chaalaa varaku govanus kaaluva yokka teevramaina vaataavaranaaniki pratyaekamgaa anugunamgaa untaayi. nalgava veedhi pareevaahaka praantamloo kanipinche suukshmajeevula kutumbam ayina mithailokokesi meethennu viniyogistundi. desulfobacterials sulfatenu teesukoni hydrogen sulfidenu vidudala chestaayi, idhi govanus yokka kullina guddu vasanaku dohadam chestundi.
2014 adhyayanamlo palgonna bio injaneerlu mariyu itarulu kooda govanus kaaluva yokka pratyaekamaina suukshmajeevula sanghaalanu adhyayanam cheyadaaniki aasakti chuupaaru. eee sahajamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna bioremedating bacteria govanus kalushya kaarakaalanu viniyogistundi. vishapuurita sammelanaalato avi elaa sahajeevanam chestayo mariyu ksheenistaayo ardham chesukovadam anedi bioremedation kosam kotta paddhatulanu suuchimchavachchu.
prajaadarana pondina samskrutilo.
thamus wolf thana 1940 navala "yuu kent goo home riek" loe kaaluva yokka "bhaarii symphonic durvasana" nuu vivarinchaadu, idhi "sankhya laeni pratyeka putreficationla yokka telivigaa kudinchabadindi". 1985loe vacchina "heaven help ass" chitram chitreekarana pradaesamgaa caroll streat bridgenu upayoginchindi. jonathan lethem yokka "mother less brooklin" (1999) loe, oka paatra kaaluvanu "prapanchamlo 90 saatam tupaakulu unna ekaika neeti sareeram" gaa suuchistumdi. joseph oo 'neel navala "netherland" (2008) loe, pradhana paatradhaarulalo okari avasheshaalu govanus kaaluvalo kanipistaayi. visugu chendhi maraninchina" anae tv show yokka oka episodelo, "govanus kaaluvaku gonorrhea undhi!", iddaru satruvulu kaaluvalo eetha kottadam dwara show heroni bediristaaru.
2014 loe, appudu emiti? idhi govanus kaaluva nundi vachindi" anae sheershikato daani comic syries "nait watchman kathalu" yokka oka sanchikanu press prachurinchindi, kaaluvalo nivasinche vishapuurita burada rakshasudi gurinchi mariyu okasari mrutadehaalanu akkada padesina oka muthaa meeda prateekaaram teerchukuntundi. dheenini dave kellie raasaaru mariyu mollie austertag chitreekarinchaaru. prachuranakarta 2015loe eee samasya aadhaaramgaa govanus smaaraka dukaanamtoe kalisi nakilee cinema posternu kooda nirminchaaru. 2017loe, comic yokka seakwell "idhi govanus kaaluva nundi vachindi" anae sheershikato nirminchabadindi...mallii!"dheenini dave kellie raasaaru, brett hobson geesaaru, clarey dejutty rangutho, tim hamilton cover thoo. seakwello, rakshasudu tirigi vacchi, oka chinna baludi maranaaniki kaaranamaina nerasthulapai prateekaaram teerchukuntaadu, conny rakshasudini aapadaniki raatri kaapalaadaaru hantakulalo okarini rakshinchaali.
november 2015loe, "gothamist" oka veediyoonu post chesaadu, andulo oka matsyakaarudu kaaluvalo moodu kalla catt fishnu pattukunnanani cheppadu. eee kathanaanni taruvaata aneka vaartaa samsthalu post chesinappatiki, nipunulu chepala katha gurinchi sandehaanni vyaktam chesaaru. newyork times" vyaasam moodu kalla catt fish pradarsana kalakarudu jaardulu chesina nakilee anie suuchimchimdi.