
landtag

land tagg (rashtra aaharam) anedi saadhaaranamgaa german matlade deshaalalo samakhya rashtram ledhaa itara upa-jaateeya swayam-paalaka samstha yokka saasanasabha ledhaa paarlamentu. idhi saadhaaranamgaa samakhyayetara vishayaalalo saasana saamarthyaanni pradarsinche ekasabha saasanasabha. 
germany mariyu austria rashtraalu "bhusekarana" dwara paalinchabadutunnaayi. adanamgaa, dakshina tyrol yokka italian swayampratipatti kaligina provins yokka saasanasabhanu german bhaashalo "landtag" anie pilustaaru. chaaritraatmakamgaa, german samakhya rashtraalu kooda "bhusekarana" nuu sthaapinchaayi. lichtenstein yokka land tagg anedi chinna desham yokka ekasabha assembly.
paeru.
german padam landtag anedi "bhoomi" (rashtram, desham ledhaa bhuubhaagam) mariyu "tagg" (roeju) anae padaalatoe koodi untundi. german padam "tagang" (samavesam) german padam "tagg" nundi udbhavinchindi, endukante ituvanti samavesalu pagatipuuta jarugutaayi mariyu konnisaarlu chaalaa rojula paatu konasaagutaayi.
chaaritraka land tagg samavesalu.
pavitra roman saamrajyam yokka rashtraalu.
bhuswamya samaajamlo, saamraajya raajyaala pratinidhi sabhala (landstande) kuurpuloo adhikaarika varga vyavastha pratibimbimchimdi, vaati paerunu raajya estatelugaa baga varninchabadinaah idhi prajabhiprayam yokka ennikaina pratibimbamgaa uddesinchabadaledu, conny adhikaarika adhikaralalo gurtinchabadina sthiramaina shakti yokka vyakteekarana, vyaktigatamgaa koorchune hakkutho sahaa (aneka mandhi prabhuvulaku (gurrapu) mariyu prelatelaku, alaage konni nagaralaku) ledhaa okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva seetlaku arhata unna kalasalalo otargaa praatinidhyam vahinchadaaniki. anduvalla, pratinidhulu pradhanamgaa varga prayojanaalanu samarthinchaaru, mariyu nirnayaalu taragati aadhaarita ennikala vyavasthapai aadharapadi undevi.
bhoomi" anie piluvabade konni saamraajya rashtraalalo, atuvanti estatela assembly paeru "land tagg", idhi "reachstag" (imperial diet) kuu saaruupyata kaligi undhi, indulo pradhanamgaa pavitra roman saamrajyam yokka chaalaa mandhi yuvarajulu mariyu "reachsgraphen", imperial prelates mariyu uchita saamraajya nagaralu undevi. khachitamaina kuurpu spashtamgaa chaalaa bhinnamgaa untundi, mariyu kalakramena maaravacchu, manjuru cheyabadina ledhaa kolpoyina adhikaaraala phalitamgaa, entiteelu vidipoyaayi ledhaa vileenam ayyayi, sarihaddu maarpulu modalainavi.
russia.
raayal russia.
1466 nundi, prashyan land tagg raayal prashyaalo unchabadindi. dheeniki mundu, "prashyan landtag" samavesalu tutonic kramamlo sanyaasula sthithilo jarigaayi. prashyan estatelanu kooda chudandi.
ducal prussia.
1525 nundi, ducal prashyaalo "prashyan landtag" nirvahinchabadindi. prebusher landtag kooda chudandi.
german samakhya yokka rashtraalu.
austria mariyu russia french 'viplavam egumati' nundi tappinchukunnanduna, mariyu nepolian thana niyantranalo unna chaalaa german bhoobhagalalo (raine samakhya sabhyulu) upagraha racharikalanu nirvahinchadam santoshamgaa undhi, ghnaanoodayam yokka marinta prajaasvaamya suutraalu german matlade deshaalalo takkuva prabhavanni chuuputaayi, ledhaa chaalaa taruvaata matrame.
1815loe pavitra roman saamrajyam varasudiga german samakhya ("dutior bund") sthaapinchabadindi. bundesacte" (german samakhya rajyangam) looni §13 prakaram, german rashtraalu raajyaamgaalanu aamodinchi, landstande ledhaa land ways anie piluvabade paarlamentulanu amalu cheyavalasi vachindi.
modati rajyangam 1814loe nassaulo aamodinchabadindi. 1841 (luxemberg) varaku 2 rashtraalu minaha annintikee vaari rajyangam mariyu paarlamentulu labhinchaayi.
german saamrajyam yokka rashtraalu.
1871loe german saamrajyam sthaapinchabadindi. german saamraajyamloni mottam 25 rashtraalu mariyu "reachsland elsa-lothringen" (1911 nundi) chattaparamaina adhikaruluga bhusekarananu kaligi unnaayi. atyanta mukhyamainadi "prashyan landtag".
weamer republic yokka rashtraalu.
weamer republicklo (1919-1933) anni german rashtraalalo saarvatrika ootu hakku dwara prajaswaamyabaddhamgaa ennukoobadina mariyu rashtra prabhutvaalu baadhyata vahinche bhusekarana undedi. naajeelu adhikaranni swaadheenam chesukunna taruvaata, vaaru "gleachshultung" (samanvayam) prakriyanu praarambhinchaaru. 1933 marchi 31naa, "reechtho raashtraala samanvayampai taatkaalika chattam" amalu cheyabadindi, idhi iteevala vacchina "reachstag" ennikala phalitaala aadhaaramgaa kuurchunna bhoomulannintini raddu chesi vaatini punarnirminchindi, idhi naajii party mariyu daani sankeerna bhaagaswaamiki pani chese majorityni ichindi. dheeni taruvaata 1934 janavari 30naa "reach punarnirmaanampai chattam" vachindi, idhi landage mottaanni adhikarikamga raddu chesi, raashtraala saarvabhoumatvaanni kendra prabhutvaaniki badilee chesindi. rashtraalu unikilo konasaginappatiki, ganatantra samaakhyavaadam samarthavantamgaa ekikruta rashtram dwara bharti cheyabadindi.
thoorpu germany.
daani asalu rajyangam prakaram, thoorpu germany aidu landerlatho samakhya ganatantramgaa undedi, okkokkati daani swantha landtag kaligi undedi. prati land tagg jaateeya paarlamentu eguva sabha ayina raashtraala sabhanu ennukoovataaniki baadhyata vahistundi.
1952loe, land raddu cheyabadi, bezirke dwara bharti cheyabadindi. tadanugunamgaa bhusekarana raddu cheyabadindi mariyu vaari vidhulu bezirke prabhutvaalaku badilee cheyabaddaayi. saantiyuta viplavam taruvaata launder chivariki punaruddharinchabadindi, conny germany punarekeekarana varaku vaari bhoomi nashtam jaragaledu.
finland.
1809loe desham sweeden nundi russiaku appaginchabadinappudu srushtinchabadina finland yokka aaharam, 1906loe finland ekasabha paarlamentuche bharti cheyabade varaku sweedanlo "lantdog" anie piluvabadindi. 1919loe 1917loe swaatantryam prakatinchina taruvaata finland thana modati raajyaamgaanni aamodinche varaku paarlamentu sweedanlo lantdog anae paerunu upayoginchadam konasaaginchindi. appati nundi, sweedanlo adhikaarika padam "ricksdog", idhi german reachstagku samanam. finnish paeru "edaskunta".
baltic deshaalu.
livonian samakhya yokka modati bhoobhaganni 1419loe riga johannes ambundi yokka arch bishop pilicharu mariyu 1561loe livonian bhoomulanu lithuvania, sweeden mariyu denmarkla grand duchylo vileenam chese varaku kramam tappakunda tirigi samavesamayyaru. livonia, courland mariyu estonia kosam pratyeka bhuubhaagaalu livonia, estonia, courland mariyu semigalia dacheela sariiraalugaa konasagayi, taruvaata livonia, estonia mariyu courland yokka russian governoratelu. 1918loe estonia mariyu latvia swaatantryam taruvaata, chivariki vaati sthaanamlo rijikogu mariyu saima vachayi.
aadhunika saasanasabhalu.
samakaaleena federal republic off germany, republic off austria mariyu italian republic yokka provins off south tyrol (german matlade majoritytho) loe, landtag anedi raajyaangabaddhamaina samakhya rashtram (bundesland) kosam ekasabha saasanasabha.
lichtenstein samsthaanamlo, landtag ekaika jaateeya paarlamentu, endukante daani parimaanam kaaranamgaa lichtensteinku samakhya nirmaanam ledhu.
german saasanasabhalu.
chaalaa varaku german raajyaangabaddhamaina samakhya rashtraalalo ("bundeslander"), ekasabha saasanasabhanu "landtag" anie pilustaaruh
german nagara rashtraalalo, parliamentary city council samakhya vyavasthalo rashtra paarlamentu yokka paniteerunu nirvahistundi-free hansiatic city off bremenlo mariyu free und hansiatic city off hamberglo dheenini "burgerschaft" (munisipal assembly) anie pilustaaruh
germany rajadhani mariyu berlin nagara raashtramlo, 1951 nundi (appati paschima berlin) saasanasabhanu "obgiordnettenhas" ("pratinidhula sabha") anie pilustaaru, idhi prashyan land tagg sampradaayaanni avalambinchindi.
jaateeya dvisabha paarlamentulo neerugaa ennikaina bundestag mariyu bundestrat untaayi, idhi "land" nuu prabhaavitam chese samakhya vishayaalalo rashtra prabhutvaalaku praatinidhyam vahistundi.
austrian saasanasabhalu.
austria rajyangam prakaram, "bhoomi nashtam" anedi austria yokka tommidi raashtraala ("bundeslander") ekasabha saasanasabhalu, ivi samakhya sthaayiki spashtamgaa ketayinchani anni vishayaalatoe vyavaharistaayih
austrian rajadhani vienna (berlin laaga) oka nagara-rashtram mariyu municipality rendoo kaavadamtho, vienna yokka gemindrat (munisipal assembly) kooda rashtra bhoobhagamgaa panichestundi. ayithe, nagara rajyangam purapalaka mariyu rashtra vyavaharalanu vaerugaa unchutundani, mariyu rendu samsthalu tama sabhyatvaalu okela unnappatikee ververu samavesalanu nirvahistaayani perkondi.
damasha praatinidhyam suutram prakaram pratinidhulu saadhaaranamgaa, swechchagaa, rahasyamgaa mariyu pratyaksha balletlalo ennukoobadataaru. parliamentary samoohaalalo atipeddavi (austrialo "clubs" anie pilustaaru) saadhaaranamgaa "landshaptman" governornu nominate chestaayi. aadhunika "bhusekarana" anedi austrian saamrajyam yokka sambandhita kireetam bhoomulalo estatela samavesala prajaasvaamya vaarasulu. 1920 varaku diguva austria cronlandku chendina vienna nagaram, 1921loe hangari rajyam austriaku appaginchina burgenland minahaayimpulu.
austria jaateeya dvisabha paarlamentulo neerugaa ennikaina jaateeya mandali mariyu samakhya sthaayi paarlamentulaku praatinidhyam vahinche samakhya mandali untaayi. austrian adhyakshudi lanchanapraya pramaana sweekaaram kosam jarige samakhya assemblylo rendu sabalu kalustaayi.