
pitted ware samskruti

pitted ware samskruti (cree. puu. 3500-cree. puu. 2300) anedi dakshina scandinavialo vaetagaadu-sekarinche samskruti, pradhanamgaa sweeland, gotaland, olaand, eshaanya denmark mariyu dakshina norway tiiraala vembadi undhi. madhyaraatiyuga aardhika vyavastha unnappatikee, idhi vyavasayam scandinaviaku cherukunna kaalamlone unnanduna, saampradayakamgaa dheenini nootanaraatiyugamgaa vargeekarinchaaru. pitt chesina saamaanu prajalu ekkuvagaa samudra vetagallu, mariyu scandinavian antargata vyavasaya sanghaalu mariyu baltic samudramloni itara vetagaallato utsaahabharitamaina vaanijyamlo nimagnamai unnaaru.
pitted ware samskruti yokka prajalu janyuparamgaa sajaateeyamaina mariyu pratyaekamaina janabha munupati scandinavian vetagaalla (shogs) nundi vacchaaru. kristupurvam 3,500 loe thoorpu-madhya sweedanlo eee samskruti udbhavinchindi, kramamga dakshina scandinavialoni theera praantaalalo garaatu beaker samskrutini bharti chesindi. idhi taruvaata aneka satabdaalugaa funnelbeaker samskrutitoe sahajeevanam chesindi.
sumaru cree puu 2,800 nundi, pitted ware samskruti yuddha goddali samskrutitoe saha-unikilo undhi, idhi dakshina scandinavialo funnell beaker samskrutiki varasudu. kristupurvam 2,300 natiki, pitted ware samskruti yuddha goddali samskruti dwara grahinchabadindi. taruvaati nordic kaamsya yugam pitted ware samskruti mariyu yuddha goddali samskruti nundi amsaala kalayikanu suuchistumdi. aadhunika scandinavianlu, saameela maadirigaa kakunda, pitted ware prajala nundi pakshika janyu muulaalanu pradarsistaaru.
charitra.
janyu adhyayanalu, vaari kotta raathi poruguvarila kakunda, munupati scandinavian vetagaalla (shogs) nundi vachinavi anie suuchistunnaayi. pitted ware samskruti aavirbhavam samayamlo, eee vetagallu vyavasaya garaatu beaker samskrutiki uttaraana konasagaru. vaari syramic sampradaayaalu duvvena syramic samskrutiki sambandhinchinavi. eee kaaranamgaa, pitt chesina saamaanu samskrutini tarachugaa duvvena syramic samskrutitoe kalipi pitt duvvena samskrutini yerparustundi.
kristupurvam 3,500 loe pitted ware samskruti udbhavinchindi. daani prarambha pradaesaalu thoorpu-madhya sweedanlo kanipistaayi, ikkada idhi garaatu beaker samskrutini bharti chesinatlu kanipistundi. daani tadupari vistaranatoe paatu dakshina scandinavialoni pedda praantaalalo garaatu beaker samskruti yokka sthaavaraalu adrusyamayyaayi. idhi denmark, dakshina sweeden, dakshina norway tiiraalanu mariyu baltic samudramloni olaand, gotland mariyu olaand vanti vividha dveepaalanu aakraminchindi. finland mariyu thoorpu baltikloni vetagadi-sekarinche samaajaalato sajeeva sambandhaalu undevi. daani prarambha samvatsaraallo, pitted ware samskruti funnelbeaker samskrutitoe sahajeevanam chesindi. rendu samskrutulu okadaanitoe okati vastuvulanu marpidi chesukunnappatiki, daani prajalu vistrutamgaa bhinnamaina gurtimpulanu kaligi unnatlu kanipistaaru, mariyu vaaru okadaanitoe okati gananeeyamaina sthaayilo kalisipoledu. pitt chesina saamaanu vistarana kaalamlo, garaatu beekarlu aneka rakshanaatmaka polysadelanu nirminchaaru, antey iddaru prajalu okaritho okaru sangharshanhalo unnaarani ardham. pitted ware samskruti prajalalo adhika sthaayi himsaku puraavastu aadharalu unnaayi. 1, 000 samvatsaraalaku paiga unikilo unnanta varaku, pitted ware samskruti vaastavamgaa maaraledu.
kristupurvam 2,800 nundi, pitted ware samskruti kontakaalam paatu yuddha goddali samskruti mariyu oke samadhi samskrutitoe sahajeevanam chesindi, idhi dakshina scandinavialo funnelbeaker samskrutini vijayavantam chesindi. rendoo carded ware samskrutilo vaividhyaalu. garaatu beekarla maadirigaane, taadu kattina saamaanu eee kaalamlo rakshanaatmaka polycedla shrenini nirminchindi, idhi vatiki mariyu pitt chesina saamaanu madhya himsaatmaka sangharshanaku sanketam kaavacchu. yuddha goddali samskruti yokka saamskrutika prabhavalu pitt chesina saamaanu samaadhulalo gurtinchadaginavi ayinappatikee, daani prajalu okaritho okaru kalisipoyinatlu kanipinchadam ledhu. dwara sii. creepoo 2,300, pitted ware samskruti yuddha goddali samskrutilo vileenam ayyindi. taruvaati nordic kaamsya yugam pitted ware samskruti mariyu yuddha goddali samskruti nundi amsaala kalayikanu suuchistumdi.
sthaavaraalu.
pitted ware settlementlu saadhaaranamgaa tiiraala vembadi undevi. vaaru saadhaaranamgaa gudisello nivasinchevaaru.
aardhika vyavastha.
pitted ware samskruti yokka aardhika vyavastha chepalu pattadam, vaeta mariyu mokkala sekaranapai aadharapadi undedi. pitt chesina giddangula pradaesaalaloo elk, jinka, beaver, seal, porpois mariyu pandhi emukalu untaayi. konni pitt chesina giddangula pradaesaalaloo pedda parimaanamlo kanipinche pandhi emukalu pempudu pandula kante adavi pandhi nundi udbhavistaayi. mudra vaeta mukhyamgaa mukhyamainadi. eee kaaranamgaa, pitt chesina saamaanu vyaktulanu "haard-core sealers" ledhaa "baltic yokka inuit" anie pilustaaru.
aneka itara vetagadi-sekarinche sanghaala maadirigaane kaalaanuguna valasalu kooda jeevitamlooni oka lakshanam. thoorpu sweedanlooni pitted ware communitylu bahusha samvatsaramlo ekkuva bhaagam teeramloni tama pradhana graamamlo gadiparu, pandulu mariyu bochu mose jantuvulanu vetaadataaniki mariyu lopali vyavasaya sanghaalato maarpidilo paalgonadaaniki lothattu praantaalalo kalanugunamga paryatinchaaru. eee rakamaina kaalaanuguna paraspara charya nairuti austergotlandlo nivasinche pratyaekamaina alvastra kuppanu vivarinchavacchu, idhi kundalaku sambandhinchinantavaraku pitt chesina saamaanu samskrutiki chendinadi, conny sadhanalu mariyu aayudhalalo garaatu beaker samskrutiki sambandhinchinadi.
pitted ware prajalu baltic antataa prajalatho janthu vastuvula vaanijyamlo nimagnamaina pratyeka vetagaallugaa kanipistaaru.
sadhanalu.
pitt chesina saamaanu saadhanaala nilva praantam nundi praantaaniki maarutuu untundi. kontavaraku eee rakam mudi padaarthaala praantiiya vanarulanu pratibimbistumdi. ayithe chepala-hooks, haarpoonlu, valalu mariyu sinkarlanu upayoginchadam chaalaa vistrutamgaa undedi. flintstone bladelatho tayaaru chesina tanged baanam talalu scandinavia paschima teeramlo samruddhiga unnaayi, mariyu bahusha samudra ksheeradaala vaetaloe upayoginchabaddaayi.
syramics.
pitted ware samskruti yokka oka mukhyamaina lakshanam daani pradaesaalaloo kundala mukkala parimaanam. eee samskrutiki daani kundala vilakshanhamaina alankarana paeru pettaru kaalpulaku mundu kunda sareeramloki addamgaa varusalugaa guntalanu nokkutaaru.
konni naalaalu chadunaina-diguva bhaagamlo unnappatikee, marikonni gundrani ledhaa koona aadhaaritamainavi, ivi mattiloo ledhaa poyyi meeda sthiramaina sthaanaanni sulabhataram chestaayi. aakaram mariyu alankaranalo, eee seramics cree puu aarava mariyu aidava sahasraabdulalo sthaapinchabadina finland mariyu eshaanya airopaloni itara praantaala duvvena syramic samskruti (pitt-duvvena saamaanu anie kooda pilustaaru) prabhavalanu pratibimbistaayi.
chinna janthu bommalu mattitho paatu emukatho roopondinchabaddaayi. ivi kooda duvvena samskruti kalanu pooli untaayi. aalaandlooni jomala dveepamlooni jetbole vadda pedda sankhyalo syramic bommalu kanugonabaddayi, veetilo konni seal mariyu maanava lakshanaalanu militam chestaayi.
samadhulu.
pitted ware prajalu tama mrutulanu smasaanavaatikallo khananam chesaaru. chaalaa varaku tavvina pitt chesina saamaanu samadhulu gotlandlo unnaayi, ikkada aneka poralatho aneka pradaesaalaloo sumaru 180 samadhulu kanugonabaddayi. atuvanti sait okati wasterbjers vadda undhi.
dahanam jarugutunappatiki, pitt chesina saamaanu prajalu saadhaaranamgaa chadunaina inhumation samaadhulalo khananam cheyabaddaaru. garaatu beekarla maadirigaa kakunda, vaariki pedda raathi samadhulu laevu. pitt chesina saamaanu samadhulu kooda erra geru vadakam dwara garaatu beaker samaadhula nundi vaeru cheyabadataayi.
samadhi vastuvulalo seramics, pandhi dantaalu, pandhi davadalu, nakka locketlu, kukka mariyu seal dantaalu, haarpoonlu, eetelu, emukala fishahks, raathi mariyu flint goddali mariyu itara kalakhandalu unnaayi. slate kalakhandalu mariyu yuddha goddali uniki pittapu saamaanu prajalu mariyu uttara airopa mariyu baltic yokka itara samskrutula madhya vistrutamaina sambandhaalanu dhruveekaristundi. anni vayasula mariyu lingaala prajalanu oke smasaanavaatikalo khananam chesaaru. saamaajika hodaalo vyatyaasam unnatlu sankethaalu laevu. vaari savaagaara gruhalu mariyu dviteeya samadhulu sanklishtamaina khananam aachaaraalaku sakshyalu.
samskruti.
pitted ware prajalu duvvena syramic samskruti mariyu baltic yokka itara madhyayuga vetagaalla maadirigaane jeevasambandhamaina vishwodbhava saastraanni kaligi unnaaru.
bhouthika maanava shaastram.
itara samakaaleena samuuhaalaku viruddhamgaa, irukaina mukkulu, chinna kaallu mariyu takkuva emuka khanija saandrata kaligi undatam dwara pidablyusi saareerakamgaa challani vaataavaranaaniki anugunamgaa untundani osteological kolatalu choopinchaayi.
janyusaastram.
pitted ware prajala janyu adhyayanalu avi asadhaaranamgaa janyuparamgaa sajaateeyamgaa unnayani kanugonnayi, avi oka chinna vyavasthaapaka samuuham nundi udbhavinchaayani suuchistunnaayi.
ippatike malmstram (2009) gotlyandloni padihedu pitted ware prajala nundi mtdnu velikiteesindi. enimidi mandhi vyaktulu yuu4 haplotypesku chendinavaaru, eduguru yuu5 haplotypesku chendinavaaru, okaru keey1eah1kii, okaru tii2bii kii mariyu okaru hechvi0kii chendinavaaru. pitt chesina saamaanu saamii prajalaku sambandhinchinadani soochinche munupati siddhaantaalanu phalitaalu tosipuchayi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, pitt chesina saamaanu prajalu aadhunika baltlu, estonianlu mariyu aadhunika scandinavianlatho marinta sannihitamaina janyu sambandhaanni chuupimchaaru.
marchi 2010loe "bmc evolutionary biology" loe prachurinchabadina oka janyu adhyayanamlo, pitt chesina saamaanu chaalaa takkuva sthaayi (5 saatam) yugmavikalpam (-13910 * tii) kaligi undani, idhi proses cheyani palanu tine saamardhyamtho balamgaa mudipadi undani kanugonabadindi. eee pounahpunyam aadhunika sweeden (74 saatam) kante natakeeyamgaa bhinnamgaa untundi. sweedanlalo eee yugmavikalpam perugudala misramam phalitamgaa jariginda ledhaa sahaja empika valla jariginda anedi anischitamgaa undhi.
2012 eprillo "sains" loe prachurinchabadina janyu adhyayanamlo, pitted ware culture nundi oka vyaktini pareekshinchaaru. aaa vyaktiki "yea namuunaa samakaaleena janabha puurtigaa praatinidhyam vahinchani janyu profile" unnatlu kanugonabadindi.
2014 maeloe "sains" loe prachurinchabadina maroe janyu adhyayanamlo, pitted ware kalcharku aapaadinchabadina aruguru vyaktula mtdnnu velikiteesaaru. naalugu namuunaalu yuu4డiki chendinavi, okati yuu kii chendinadi mariyu okati vii kii chendinadi.
augustu 2014loe prachurinchina oka janyu adhyayanamlo, pitt chesina saamaanu prajalu janyuparamgaa katakamb samskruti yokka vyaktulatoe chaalaa pooli untaarani kanugonnaru, vaaru pitt chesina saamaanu prajalu maatru haplogrouplu yuu5 mariyu yuu4 yokka adhika pounahpunyaalanu kaligi untaaru. eee vamsaalu paaschaatya vetagallu-sekarinchevaaru mariyu thoorpu vetagallu-sekarinchevaaritho sambandham kaligi untaayi.
2014 septembarulo "nature" loe prachurinchabadina janyu adhyayanamlo, pitted ware samskruti sabhyulu ekkuvagaa scandinavian vaetagaadu-sekarinche (eshechji) samuuhaaniki chendinavaarani nirnayinchaaru.
janavari 2015loe "proceedings off dhi raayal society bii" loe prachurinchabadina janyu adhyayanamlo, olaand mariyu gotland nundi padamudu pisidableu vyaktula mtdnnu sekarinchaaru. olaandku chendina naluguru vyaktulu hetch1eff, tii2bii, keey1eah1 mariyu yuu4eah1 lanu mosukellaru. gotlandku chendina padhi mandhi vyaktulalo naluguru yuu4 nuu mosukellaru, iddaru yuu5 haplotypesnu mosukellaru, iddaru keey1eah1 nuu mosukellaru, okaru hechvi0 nii mosukellaru. phalitaalu pitt chesina saamaanu samskruti janyuparamgaa funnelbeaker samskruti nundi bhinnamgaa undani, scandinavia mariyu paschima airopaloni munupati madhyayuga vetagaallato janyuparamgaa daggari sambandham kaligi undani suuchimchaayi. pitted ware samskruti scandinavianlapy janyu mudranu vadilindani kanugonabadindi, ayithe eee sankhya khachitamgaa 60 saataaniki minchadu.
janavari 2018loe "nature communications" loe prachurinchabadina oka janyu adhyayanam shogs mariyu pitted ware culture madhya janyu konasaagimpunu suuchimchimdi, mariyu pitted ware prajalu garaatu beaker samskrutiki janyuparamgaa bhinnamgaa unnaarani kanugonnaru.
gotland paschima teeramloni azvid sthaavaram nundi iddaru pitt chesina saamaanu vyaktula charmam, juttu mariyu kanti varnadravyam gurinchi 2018 adhyayanam vivarinchindi. pitt chesina saamaanu namuunaalanu scandinavian vetagaalla sekaranadaarulato vaari samalakshana vaividhyamlo bhaagamgaa panchukunnatlu rachayitalu abhivarninchaaru. rendu namuunaalu muduru bochugalavigaa unde adhika sambhaavyata kaligi unnaayi. okati slc24eah5 mariyu slc45eah2 janyuvulapai muduru charmam varnadravyam thoo sambandham unna yugmavikalpalanu pradarsinchagaa, maroka namuunaa eee sthaanaalalo yugmavikalpala misramaanni kaligi undhi. eee rendu namuunaalu neelam kallu unde adhika sambhaavyatanu kaligi unnaayi.
raayal society yokka karyakalapalalo prachurinchabadina 2019 adhyayanam bii oka pitted ware maga avasheshaalanu vislaeshimchaaru. athanu maatru haplogroup yuu5bii1dii2 nuu mosukeltunnatlu kanugonabadindi, mariyu bahusha pitru haplogroup ii2 yokka upavargam. athanu 25-35 samvatsaraala vayassu mariyu 165-175 sem. mea. podavu unnatlu anchanaa veyabadindi. daadaapu puurtigaa paschima gaddi pasuvula pempakandaarula santatiki chendina yuddha goddali samskruti yokka janyu pool kuu pitted ware prajalu konchem matrame dohadapaddarani kanugonabadindi.
juun 2020loe "proceedings off dhi raayal society bii" loe prachurinchabadina janyu adhyayanam gottland dveepamlo khananam cheyabadina 19 pitted ware vyaktula avasheshaalanu pariseelinchindi. eee adhyayanamlo yuddha goddali samskrutiki vilakshanhamaina vidhamgaa khananam cheyabadina aneka mandhi vyaktulu unnaaru. velikiteesina vai-dna yokka 6 namuunaalu pitru haplogroup ii2eah-ell460 (2 namuunaalu), ii2-emm438 (2 namuunaalu), ii2eah1eah-aaktlu595 mariyu ii2eah1bii1-ell161kii chendinavi. velikiteesina mtdna yokka 17 namuunaalu ekkuvagaa maatru haplogrouplu yuu4 mariyu yuu5కii chendinavi. adhyayanam pitted ware madhya yuddha goddali mishramaaniki etuvanti aadhaaraalanu kanugonaledu. vaaru gotlyandloni munupati funnelbeaker nivaasula nundi janyuparamgaa chaalaa bhinnamgaa undevaaru, ayinappatikee vaaru chinna mottamlo eef misramaanni kaligi undevaaru. pitted ware samskruti saamskrutikamgaa yuddha goddali samskrutiche prabhaavitamainappatikii, adhi janyuparamgaa daaniche prabhaavitamavvaledani aadharalu suuchimchaayi.