
df-21

dang-feng 21 (df-21; naato reporting paeru css-5-dang-feng () anedi chaina changfeng mechanics mariyu electronics technology academy abhivruddhi chesina dang feng siriisloo rendu-dasala, ghana-indhana rockett, single-warhead medium-range balistic kshipani (mrbm). abhivruddhi 1960la chivaralo praarambhamaindi mariyu idhi 1985-86 chuttoo puurtayimdi, conny idhi 1991 varaku moharinchabadaledu. idhi jalaantargaami-prayoginchina JL-1 kshipani nundi abhivruddhi cheyabadindi mariyu idhi chaina yokka mottamodati ghana-indhana bhuu-aadhaarita kshipani. yuu.ess. 2008loe rakshana saakha anchanaa prakaram chaina vadda 60-80 kshipanulu mariyu 60 lancherlu unnaayi; sumaru 10-11 kshipanulanu etaa nirminchavacchu.
modata vyuuhaatmaka aayudhamgaa abhivruddhi cheyabadina, df-21 yokka taruvaati rakalu anhu mariyu sampradaaya missionla kosam roopondinchabaddaayi. idhi adhika paeludu padaarthaalu, mandugundu samagri ledhaa 300 keti anhu warheadlanu mosukellagaladani bhaavistunnaaru. taja df-21dii prapanchamlone mottamodati anty-ship balistic kshipani (asbm) anie cheppabadindi. df-21 antariksha saamarthyam gala upagraha vidhvamsaka ayudham/kshipani nirodhaka aayudha vaahaka noukagaa kooda abhivruddhi cheyabadindi.
durbalatvaanni tagginchadaaniki lancher kooda chalanaseelamgaa unnappatikee, vaastava prayoga vibhaagaaniki 300x300 meterla vistiirnamloo prayaaninchagala sahayaka vahanalu avasaram, tadwara twaragaa kadaladam kashtam mariyu gurtinchadam sulabham avutundi. alaage, chakraala lancher off-road prayaaninchadaaniki tayaaru cheyabadaledu mariyu haard prayogam kaaranamgaa backblast mariyu sidhilaala nashtanni nivaarinchadaaniki kaalpulu chesetappudu ghanamaina bhoomi avasaram, daani kaalpula sthaanaalanu rahadaarulu mariyu mundugaa tayaaru chesina prayoga pyaadlaku parimitam chestundi.
df-21/a/c (css-5 mode-1/2/3).
praathamika roopaantaram df-21 1,770 + kimmy paridhini kaligi undhi, mariyu 300 ~ 400 mea anchanaa vesina vruttaakaara lopam (cep) thoo oke 500 keti anhu warheadnu kaligi unna payload kaligi undhi; eee samskarana kaaryaacharana sevaloki pravesinchaledu. df-21eah 1996 natiki panichesindi mariyu 100 ~ 300 meterla anchanaa septo khachitatvanni meruguparichindi. eee version 1,770 + kimmy paridhini kaligi unnatlu nivedinchabadindi, dheeni vistruta paridhi sumaruga untundi.
2006loe velladaina, df-21sii anedi antimamgaa maarganirdesam cheyabadina version, idhi garishta paridhini kaligi untundi mariyu khachitatvam 50 ~ 100 meterlugaa anchanaa veyabadindi. kshipani anhu ledhaa sampradaaya warheadtho saayudhamayye modati dwandwa saamarthyam gala version. 2010loe, madhya paschima chainaalo df-21sii moharinchabadindi.
df-21dii (css-5 mode-4) anty-ship balistic kshipani.
abhivruddhi.
yuu prakaram, idhi garishta paridhini minchina anty-ship balistic kshipani.ess. national air und space intelligence center. idhi 2009loe moharinchabadindani nigha kendram nammaledu. marinni yueveelu mariyu upagrahaalu jodinchabadutunnanduna maargadarsaka vyavastha inca parinaamaatmaka prakriyaloo undani bhaavistunnaaru.
2010loe america rakshana vibhagam df-21 aadhaaramgaa saampradayakamgaa saayudha adhika hypersonic bhuu-aadhaarita anty-ship balistic kshipani yokka prarambha nirvahana saamarthyaanni (aiosi) chaina abhivruddhi chesi, cherukundani perkondi. idhi suduura, bhuu-aadhaarita mobile lancherla nundi kadulutunna vimaana vaahaka daadi samuuhaanni lakshyamgaa chesukogala modati asbm mariyu aayudha vyavastha. df-21dii terminal maargadarsaka vyavasthatho yuktamaina reantry vahanalanu (marves) upayogistundani bhaavistunnaaru. atuvanti kshipanini 2005-6 loe pareekshinchi undavacchu, mariyu zian bing-5/yogan-1 mariyu zian bing-6/yogan-2 upagrahaala prayogam varusaga saar (synthetic-aperture radar) mariyu vijuval imaging nundi chainees lakshya samacharanni istundi. eee merugudalalu taiwan jalasandhilo us carrierlu panicheyakundaa nirodhinche chaina saamarthyaanni penchutaayi. chaina bahula reantry vaahanaalato kuudina df-21dii nii abhivruddhi cheyavachani kooda kondaru suuchimchaaru.
maargadarsakatvam mariyu navigation.
chaina iteevala thana eah. ess. bii. emm. prayatnaalaku maddatugaa varusa upagrahaalanu prayoginchindih
eah. ess. bii. emm. lakshyalanu gurtinchadaaniki chaina kshitija samaantara radarpy panichestunnatlu nivedinchabadindi. 2013 janavarilo gobi edaarilo oka lakshyaaniki vyatiraekamgaa kshipani yokka spashtamaina pareeksha jarigindi.
tirigi pravesinche vahanam.
1988loe seva nundi upasamharinchukunna american pershing II kshipani yokka aarvitho df-21dii rii-entry vahanam saaruupyatanu kaligi unnatlu telustondi. pershing II yokka arvi baruvu mariyu vaataavaranamloki tirigi pravesinchina tarvaata 25-graamula pull-up cheyadaaniki naalugu niyantrana rekkalatho amarchabadi, maak 8 vadda prayaaninchi, aapai terminal diveloki pitch cheyadaaniki lakshyanni cherutundi. kshipani gurinchi sainika sikshanaa manyuvallu internetlo andubaatulo unnaayi mariyu public open soars saahityam dheenini vistrutamgaa vivaristundi; df-21 polchadagina paridhi mariyu paeloednu kaligi undhi. vegam mariyu gatisakti aadhaaramgaa matrame df-21dii yokka nashtam kaliginche saamardhyamtho chaalaa tayaarainappatikii, maak 6 vadda prabhaavitam chese jada arvi yokka shakti american subsonic harpoon anty-ship kshipani yokka samyukta gathi mariyu paeludu saktitoe samaanamaina saktini kaligi undani australian vyuuhaatmaka vidhana samstha lekkinchindi, idhi warheadtho 4 vadda prayaaninchae russian supersonic kehech-22 kshipani yokka naaluginta oka vanthu shakti.
naukaadala yuddhampai prabhavam.
2009loe, united states navika samstha "prastutam undhi" anie perkondi... siddhaantaparamgaa panichesthe [oke debbalo vimaana vaahaka noukanu naasanam cheyagala warhead] kuu vyatiraekamgaa rakshana ledhu. df-21 kosam chaina marv warhead abhivruddhini khararu chestondani 2010loe nivedinchabadindi. united states naavikaadalam lothaina neeti balistic kshipani rakshana (bmd) vidhvamsakaalanu nirminchadaaniki lothaina neeti naukala yokka daggari digbandham shakti nundi thana drushtini marchadam dwara pratispandinchindi. united states thana balistic kshipani rakshana saamarthyam kaligina noukalanu pasiphik kuu ketaayinchindi, anni ages distroyerlaku bmd karyakramanni vistarinchindi mariyu sm-3 bmd kshipanula sekarananu penchindi. united states balistic kshipani prayogaalanu track cheyadaaniki optimize chesina pedda netvarknu kooda kaligi undhi, idhi kshipani egurutunnappudu lakshya praantam nundi dhooramgaa velladaaniki carrier samuuhaalaku taginanta heccharikanu ivvagaladu. df-21dii kii vyatiraekamgaa gathi rakshana kashtam. naukaadalam yokka praadhamika balistic kshipani interceptor, sm-3, prabhaavavantamgaa undadu, endukante idhi antarikshamlo mid-course dasalo kshipanulanu addaginchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi, kabatti tirigi pravesinchadaaniki mundu ledhaa daani vimaana maargam krinda unna ages ship nundi kottadaniki daadaapu ventane prayoginchaalsi untundi. sm-2 block 4 vaataavaranamloki tirigi pravesinche kshipanulanu addukogaladu, conny warhead hye-zii yuktulanu nirvahistundi, idhi antaraayaanni klishtataram chestundi. 2016 natiki, yuu. ess. naavikaadalam atyanta samarthavanthamaina sm-6 nuu pareekshistoondi, idhi antima dasalo balistic kshipanulanu addaginchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi. sm-6 2011loe moharinchadam praarambhinchindi.
2013 chivaralo, df-21dii yokka russian sainika vislaeshanha nivedika daanini vijayavantamgaa edurkovadaniki ekaika maargam electronic pratighatana charyala dwara anie teelchindi. adhika-vaega lakshyaala yokka sampradaaya antaraayaalu gatamlo panicheesaayi, 2008loe oka U dwara panicheyakapovadam valla upagraham antaraayam kaliginchindani russian nivedika perkondi.ess. cruiser, conny aaa paristhitiloo yuddhanaukaku daani sthaanam mariyu patham gurinchi vistrutamaina ghnaanam undedi. kshipani prayoga kendram, yuu teliyakundaane maak 10 df-21dii nundi daadiki vyatiraekamgaa.ess. dheenini tappinchukovadaaniki naavikaadalam yokka ekaika maargam electronic pratighatana charyala dwara untundi.
atuvanti kshipanini upayoginchadam valla anhu marpidi, bharatadesam mariyu japanto praantiiya aayudha pootiilu, mariyu united states mariyu soviet union madhya information aggrement oppandam mugimpuku daariteestundani kontamandi nipunulu chepparu, dheeniki peeples republic off chaina oka party kaadu.
sandehavaadam.
df-21dii aavirbhavam kontamandi vislaeshakulu "carrier killer" kshipanulu kotta ayudham edurkonadamlo chaalaa haani kaliginchevi mariyu kharchuku viluvainavi kaananduna, vimaana vaahaka noukalanu american vadakanni vaadukalo levani paerkonnaaru. yuu. ess loe sainika nayakulu.ess. ayithe, naukaadalam mariyu vaimanika dalam, vahakalu puurtigaa lekkinchadaaniki dheenini "game chhenjar" gaa chudavu.
modata, kshipani thana lakshyanni ontarigaa naasanam cheyalekapovacchu, endukante warhead oka "mission kill" nuu kaliginchadaaniki matrame saripotundani nammutaaru, idhi carrier vimaana karyakalapalanu nirvahinchalekapoyela chestundi.
rendavadi, daani lakshyanni kanugonadamlo samasya undhi. df-21dii madhya anchanaa paridhini kaligi undhi, kabatti praarambhinchae mundu carrier yuddha samuuham itara maargaala dwara kanugonabadaali. kshitija samaantara raadaarlu vaahaka nauka yokka khachitamaina sthaanaanni gurtinchalevu mariyu chainees punassamyojana upagrahaalato kalipi upayoginchaalsi untundi. carrier kosam vetakadaaniki recon aircraft mariyu jalaantargaamulanu kooda upayoginchinappatiki, avi carrier yuddha samuuham yokka rakshanaku gurayye avakaasam undhi.
chivaraku, df-21dii tracking kosam radar mariyu optical sensaarlanu kaligi unnappatikee, astavyastamaina mariyu pratighatana charyalanu upayoginchevi okkate vadileyandi, samudramlo kadulutunna ooda lakshyaaniki vyatiraekamgaa idhi inca pareekshinchabadaledu. kshipani yokka "kill chain" kuu prosessing mariyu carrier yokka sthaana vivaraalanu nirantaram naveekarinchadam, prayogam, prograaming samacharam mariyu kaalpulanu siddham cheyadam avasaram. yuu.ess. sainyam yokka aircy yuddha bhaavanalo atuvanti champe golusulaku antaraayam kaliginchadam untundi. kondaru yuu.ess. vislaeshakulu df-21dii maak 5 kante vaegamgaa egaradani nammutaaru.
df-21dii kooda siddhaantaparamgaa antha vaegamgaa undakapovachhu. balistic kshipanulu maak 8-15 madhya vegamtho vaataavaranamloki tirigi pravesistundagaa, dattamaina takkuva-vaataavarana praantamloo gaali nirodhakatanu penchadam valla terminal vegam maak 2 vadda taggutundi. ayaneekarana addanki kaaranamgaa eee samayam varaku daani lakshyanni saadhinchalekapoyindi, vaastavaaniki ooda kosam vetakadaaniki saapekshamgaa takkuva samayam migili undhi. kshipani daani terminal sensaarlanu nimagnam cheyadaaniki mundhe gurtinchinatlayite, lakshyanni aaa praantam nundi bayataku velladaaniki idhi veelu kalpistundi, mariyu tirigi pravesinchinappudu nemmadigaa vegam kshipani interceptorlaku gurayye avakaasam untundi.
pradarsanalu mariyu vistaranalu.
2015 september 3naa beijing loe rendava prapancha yuddham mugisina 70 samvatsaraala vedukala sandarbhamgaa eee kshipanini prajalaku chuupimchaaru. oka kavaatu veediyolo kshipanulanu df-21dii gaa gurtinchinatlu chuupimchaaru.
26 augustu 2020naa, hainan mariyu paracel deevula madhya dakshina chaina samudramloni oka praantamloki oka df-26bii thoo paatu, oka df-21dii prayoginchabadindi, oka american yuu-2 guudachaari vimanam daani uttara teeramlo bohoy samudramlo chaina pratyaksha-kaalpula naavikaadala vinyasam samayamlo daani anumati lekunda noo-fly jonloki pravesinchindani chaina cheppina oka roeju taruvaata, washington 24 chainees companylanu blacklist chesindi mariyu dakshina chaina samudramlo nirmaana mariyu sainika karyakalapalalo bhagamani perkonna vyaktulanu lakshyamgaa chesukundi. peeples liberation armi rockett fores (plarf) mottam naalugu madhya shreni balistic kshipanulanu prayoginchindani us adhikarulu taruvaata anchanaa vaesaaru. kshipani pareekshalu japan, panchabhuji mariyu taiwan nundi vimarsalanu edurkonnaayi.
df-26.
df-26 anedi df-21 yokka merugudala, dheeni paridhini daani kante ekkuvaku penchaaru. daani unikini 2010la madhyalo chaina rashtram adhikarikamga dhruveekarinchindi, conny idhi appatike chaalaa samvatsaraalugaa sevalo undhi.
2020 augustu 26naa, oka yuu kuu pratispandanagaa, kinghay provins nundi hainan mariyu paracel deevula madhya unna praantamloki oka df-26bii nii prayoginchaaru.ess. oka roeju mundu chaina pratyaksha kaalpula naukaadala vinyasam samayamlo yuu-2 guudachaari vimanam noo-fly jonloki pravesistundi.
ch-as-x-13.
gaali dwara prayoginchina df-21 yokka balistic kshipani version. hetch-6keey dwara teesukuvellabadutundi. 3000 kilometres shreni kshipanini 2025loe moharinchaalani pranaalika cheyabadindi.
soudhi arabia konugolu.
janavari 2014loe, soudhi arabia 2007loe aneka df-21 madhya shreni balistic kshipanulanu rahasyamgaa konugolu chesindani "nyuus weak" velladinchindi. kshipanulu anhu warheadlanu moyaleni vidhamgaa savarinchabadinanta kaalam eee oppandaanni konasaaginchadaaniki american cia anumatinchinatlu kooda vaaru chepparu. soudhi arabia intakumundu 1988loe chaina df-3eah balistic kshipanulanu rahasyamgaa konugolu chesindi, idhi bahirangamgaa velladaindi. df-3 sudeergha paridhini kaligi undagaa, idhi anhu paeloednu mosukellela roopondinchabadindi, kabatti sampradaaya warheadtho upayoginchinatlayithe paelavamaina khachitatvam (0.6-2.4 maillu (1000-4000 mea) sep) kaligi untundi. idhi nagaralu mariyu sainika sthaavaraalu vanti pedda praanta lakshyalaku vyatiraekamgaa matrame upayogapadutundi. idhi iraq scud kshipani daadulaku vyatiraekamgaa prateekaaram teerchukoovadaaniki gulph yuddha samayamlo vaatini panikiraniviga chesindi, endukante avi saamuuhika poura praananashtaaniki kaaranamavutaayi mariyu konasagutunna sankeerna vaimanika daadula vale prabhaavavantamgaa undavu. yuddham taruvaata, soudeelu mariyu CIA kalisi chainees DF-21 la konugolunu rahasyamgaa anumatinchadaaniki panicheesaayi. df-3 vanti dravam-indhanaaniki badulugaa df-21 ghana-indhanam kaligi untundi, kabatti prayogaaniki siddham kaavadaaniki takkuva samayam padutundi. idhi 30 meterla sep varaku khachitamainadi, idhi compounds ledhaa rajabhavanalu vanti nirdishta lakshyalapai daadi cheyadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. soudeelu mobile lancherlanu kaligi unnatlu teliyadu, conny modata df-3 latho konugolu chesina adhe 12 lancherlanu upayoginchavacchu. konugolu chesina df-21 kshipanula sankhya teliyadu. eee oppandaaniki sambandhinchina vivaralu iraanku vyatiraekamgaa soudhi nirodhakatalo bhagamani nyuus weak oohinchindi. 2014 septembarulo, makka mariyu madiinaalanu rakshinchadaaniki soudhi arabia chaina nundi css-5ess balistic kshipanulanu konugolu chesindani doctor telipaaru. anwar eshki, soudhi saayudha dalaalalo padavee viramana chesina majer general. us intel prakaram chaina sahayamtho soudhi thana balistic kshipani karyakramanni gananeeyamgaa penchindi.

