lallardy

lolardism ledhaa lollard udyamam anie kooda piluvabade lollardy, 14va sataabdam madhya nundi 16va sataabdapu aangla samskarana varaku unikilo unna oka puurva-nirasanakaarulaina kraistava matha udyamam. dheeniki praarambhamlo catholic vedanti ayina zaan wycliffe netrutvamlo anumatinchindi roman catholic charchini vimarsinchinanduku oxford vishwavidyaalayam nundi tolaginchabaddaadu. lolardula demandlu pradhanamgaa paaschaatya kraistava matam samskarana kosam undevi. vaaru tama nammakalanu lollards yokka pannendu teermaanaalalo roopondinchaaru.
vyutpatti.
"lollard", "lollardy", "ledhaa" "lolar" "anae prasiddha avamaanakaramaina maaruperu vidya nepathyam laeni vaariki, aanglamlo matrame chaduvukunna vaariki (okavela unte), mukhyamgaa zaan wycliffe bodhanalanu anusarinchadaaniki prasiddhi chendina vaariki, mariyu baibilnu aangla bhaashaloki anuvadinchadam dwara khachitamgaa gananeeyamgaa saktivantam cheyabadina vaariki ivvabadindi". 15va sataabdam madhya natiki, "lollard" antey saadhaaranamgaa matha vyatiraekam anie ardham.
pratyaamnaayam, "viclifiet", saadhaaranamgaa saaruupya abhipraayaalanu kaligi unna, conny vidya nepathyam unnavaarini cover chese marinta tatastha padamgaa angeekarinchabadutundi.
eee padaanni aanglo-airish mataadhikaari henry krampe roopondinchinatlu chebutaaru, ayithe daani muulam anischitamgaa undhi. inglandlo eee paerunu mottamodata adhikarikamga adhikarikamga aiduguru "paedha bodhakula" kuu vyatiraekamgaa versester bishop aadesamlo upayoginchaaru, vaaru syuu ritu lolardorum confederatos. oxford inglish dictionary" prakaram, idhi bahusha madhya dutch "(" mumbler, mattar ") nundi," lolen "(" mattar, mambul ") anae kriya nundi udbhavinchindi. eee padam daani aangla upayogam kante chaalaa puraatanamainadi; 14va sataabdam praarambhamlo netherlandslo fratelli, beghards mariyu itara sectorylatho samanamga unna lollardlu undevi.
modata dutch padam 14va sataabdamloo nalla maranam samayamlo chanipoyinavaarini pramaadakaram kaani khananam chesevari samuuhaaniki vyavaharika paeru, dheenini alexianlu, alexian sodarulu ledhaa selaitlu anie pilustaaru. mrutula kosam vaari shlokaala nundi veetini vyavaharikamgaa '(madhya dutch antey' mombling brothers '), ledhaa', nundi ('mruduvugaa padatam') anie pilicheevaaru. madhya aanglamlo "" (dutch bhaashalo "" lolen "" nundi mattar, mambul "anae aangla padamaina" loll "anae kriyanu pooli untundi)" "lollard" "yokka pratyaamnaaya aksharakramamgaa namodu cheyabadindi, ayithe daani saadhaarana ardham" somaritanam gala vakabudu, panilekunda unnavaadu, mosapurita bicchagaadu "anedi 1582 kii mundu namodu cheyabadaledu.
oxford inglish dictionary" "loe" "lollard" "yokka utpannaaniki maroe rendu avakaasaalanu prastaavinchaaruh
nammakalu.
lollardy anedi sthaanika bhaashalo vraasina matam. catholic charchi yokka aneka aacharalanu lorards vyatiraekimchaaru. soolaa grandham" yokka oka roopam wycliffe yokka nammakalaku aadharam anie, conny grandham dwara anumatinchani edainaa nishedhinchabadindane marinta teevramaina bhaavajaalam nundi vaeru chesindani anae hudson raasaaru. badulugaa, wycliffe yokka "soolaa scriptura" baibilnu "siddhaantaaniki ekaika chellubaatu ayye muulam mariyu chattabaddhata yokka ekaika sambandhita kolatagaa perkondi anie hudson paerkonnaadu."
eucharistku sambandhinchi, zaan wycliffe, vilium thorpe mariyu zaan oldcassil vanti lorardulu, "consubstantiation" anie piluvabade pavitra communionlo kreestu nijamaina uniki gurinchi oka abhiprayanni bodhinchaaru mariyu roman catholic charchi bodhinchinatlugaa transbustantiation siddhaantaanni angeekarinchaledu. "16va sataabdapu lallard padyam "dhi ploumans tayle", sanaatana siddhaantam gurinchi vedaantaparamaina charcha nijamaina uniki kante takkuva mukhyamainadani vaadistundihi
1382 naati blockfrears councillo eucharistpy viclifiet bodhanalu matavisvaasaalagaa prakatinchabaddaayi. oka poojaari pratishtinchina tarvaata "rotte munupatila adhe swabhaavamlo untundi" anae nammakam kaaranamgaa mundumaatagaa vilium satry anae poojaari kaalchiveyabaddaadani nivedinchabadindi. 15va sataabdam praarambhamlo richard vaiche anae poojaari tappudu siddhaantaaniki paalpaddaadani aaropinchabadindi. thana vichaarana samayamlo pratishtha gurinchi adiginappudu, athanu nijamaina unikipai thana nammakanni matrame punaraavrutam chesaadu. pratishtinchabadina tarvaata kooda aatitheyudu rottega unnada anie adiginappudu, athanu ilaa matrame samaadhaanamichaaduh "aatitheyudu rotte roopamlo kreestu yokka nijamaina sareeram anie neenu nammutunnaanu". thana prasninchinanta kaalam athanu "pavitra grandham cheppina daanikante vaerae vidhamgaa nammadaniki kattubadi laenu" anie nokki cheppadu. prasninchina taruvaata, vaiche bahishkarinchabadi, khaidu cheyabadina taruvaata, chivariki venakki vellaadu. vellaadu oka anumaanitudu lollards sthaanaanni ilaa sankshiptam chesadu "good lardnu chuudataaniki churchey thinking kuu samme folis cummin-vaaru akkada bread mariyu wine tappa yea shulde chuustaaru?"
eucharistpy lallard bodhanalu aneka praathamika muula patraalalo dhruvikarinchabaddayi; idhi "pannendu teermaanaalalo" naalgavadi mariyu "bishaplu lallardlanu nindinche padahaaru amsaalalo" modatidi. idhi "vilium thorpe yokka sakshyam", "lollard siddhaantaalaku kshamaapana", "jaak upland" mariyu "opas ardume" loe charchinchabadindi.
bicchagaalla kosam praarthana" anae thana karapatramloni aneka bodhanalaku saiman fish khandinchabaddadu, indulo athanu prakshaalananu tiraskarinchadam mariyu poojaari brahmacharyamu kreestu virodhi yokka aavishkarana anae bodhanalu unnaayi. charchi aastulanu lakkone hakku bhusambandhamaina palakulaku undani, dasaamsam suvaartaku viruddhamani ayana vaadinchaaru.
baptism mariyu oppukolu charchi paddhatulu mokshaaniki avasaramani lallardulu nammaledu. vaaru sadhuvulanu praardhinchadam mariyu vaari chitraalanu gowravinchadam vigraharadhana yokka oka roopamgaa bhaavinchaaru. mrutula kosam pramaanaalu, upavaasam mariyu praarthanalaku lekhana aadharam ledani bhaavinchaaru. pavitra rotte, pavitra neeru, gantalu, avayavalu mariyu charchi bhavanaalatho sahaa catholic charchi yokka ucchula gurinchi vaariki paelavamaina abhiprayam undhi. vaaru papal kshamaapanala viluvanu tiraskarinchaaru. pratyeka pratignalu kreestu sthaapinchina daivika kramaniki viruddhamgaa pariganinchabaddaayi mariyu vaatini saapamgaa pariganinchabaddaayi. padahaarava sataabdapu amaraveerudu zaan faaks lollardy yokka naalugu pradhana nammakalanu vivarinchaaduh teerthayaatralu mariyu seyint aaraadhanaku vyatiraekata, transbustantiation siddhaantaanni tiraskarinchadam mariyu grandhaala aangla anuvaadam kosam demand.
1395 fibravarilo westminster haall talupulapai unchadam dwara lollardla pannendu teermaanaalato oka brundam paarlamentuku petition daakhalu chesindi. ayithe lolardula nammakam yokka kendra prakatana yea vidhamgaanuu laenappatikee, pannendu teermaanaalu konni praathamika lollard aalochanalanu velladistaayi. modati teermaanam charchi nayakulu loukika sampadanu sampaadinchadaanni tiraskaristundi, endukante sampadanu koodabettukovadam vaarini mataparamaina aandolanala nundi mariyu duraasa vaipu nadipistundi. nalgava mugimpu eucharist yokka matakarma bybillo spashtamgaa nirvachinchabadani charchaneeyamaina siddhaantam anae lollard abhipraayamtho vyavaharistundi. rotte rottega untundaa ledhaa kreestu yokka saahitya sareeramgaa marutunda anedi suvaartalalo ekareetigaa perkonabadaledu. aarava teermaanam prakaram, charchi adhikarulu charchilo adhikara sthaanaanni kaligi unnappudu loukika vishayaalatoe tamanu taamu aandolana chendakudadu, endukante idhi aatmaku sambandhinchina vishayaalaku mariyu rashtra vishayaalaku madhya prayojanaala sangharshana. enimidava mugimpu, kreestu badhala chitraala vaipu mallinche gowravam, lards manassulalo unna hasyanni etthi chooputundi. "kreestu siluva, gorlu, eete, mulla kireetam gowravinchaalante, yoodaa pedavulanu matrame kanugonagaligite, vaatini enduku gowravinchakudadu?"
catholic charchi loukika vishayaala valla paadaipoyindani, nijamaina charchi anie daani vaadana daani vaarasatvam dwara samarthinchabadaledani lollards paerkonnaaru. eee avineetiki mrutula kosam praarthanalu, mantraalu kooda unnaayi. vaaru itara panula nundi poojaarulanu paradhyanam chesinanduna veerini avineetiparulugaa bhaavinchaaru; badulugaa, andari kosam samanamga praardhinchaali. lallards kooda iconoclasm vaipu dhoranini kaligi unnaayi. khareedaina charchi kalaakrutulanu adanapu vastuvulugaa bhaavinchaaru; khareedaina alankaranalapai pani cheyadam kante avasaramaina vaariki sahayam cheyadam mariyu bodhinchadam kosam krushi cheyaalani vaaru vishwasinchaaru. chaalaa mandhi devatanu aaraadhinchadam kante vigrahalanu marinta utsaahamgaa poojistunnatlu kanipinchinanduna vigrahalanu kooda pramadakaramainaviga bhaavinchaaru.
saarvatrika archakatvaanni viswasinchina eee lallardulu, oka vyaktini poojaarigaa cheyadaaniki daivika adhikaranni pettubadi pettadaniki ledhaa tiraskarinchadaaniki charchi yokka adhikaranni savaalu chesaaru. archakatvaaniki pratyeka hodaanu niraakarinchina lollards, vaari abhiprayam prakaram poojaarulaku paapaalanu kshaminche saamarthyam lenanduna poojaari vadda oppukolu anavasaramani bhaavinchaaru. lorards mataadhikaari brahmacharya abhyasanni savaalu chesaaru mariyu poojaarulu prabhutva padavulanu kaligi undakudadani vishwasinchaaru, endukante ituvanti loukika vishayalu vaari aadhyaatmika missionku antaraayam kaligistaayi. prajalu tama sonta baibil kaapeeni pondadaaniki arhulani kooda lollards vishwasinchaaru. chaalaa mandhi aangla kaapeelanu pampinhee cheyadaaniki prayatninchaaru; ayithe, printing press lekapovadam mariyu takkuva aksharaasyata sthaayilu kaaranamgaa, eee lakshyanni saadhinchadam kashtam.
catholic charchilo upavaasam mariyu samyamanam kosam lollards parimitulanu paatinchaledu. margery baxterku vyatiraekamgaa mataviswaasaala charyalalo, oka sevakudu ammai, lent modati sanivaaram naadu otmeel kundalo bekan dorikindani rujuvugaa samarpinchabadindi. thamus monepai maroe norphok kesulo aahara parimitulanu paatinchakapovadam matavisvaasaalaku saakshyamgaa upayoginchabadindi, indulo maamsam tinadam nishedhinchabadinappudu eestar vindu kosam oka pandhi pillini tinnaarani aaropinchabadindi.
charitra.
catholic charchi lolardini matavisvaasaalagaa khandinchinappatiki, praarambhamlo wycliffe mariyu lollardlaku zaan off gaant mariyu itara matha-vyatiraeka prabhuvulachae aasrayam kalpinchabadindi, vaaru ingland mathaala nundi kotta aadaaya vanarulanu pondadaaniki lollard-ketaayinchina mataadhikaari samskarananu upayoginchaalani korukunevaru. oxford vishwavidyaalayam vidya swechcha aadhaaramgaa wycliffe mariyu ilanti vidyaavaettalanu kooda rakshinchindi mariyu praarambhamlo, vaari vivaadaaspada abhiprayalu unnappatikee, atuvanti vyaktulu tama sthaanaalanu nilupukovadaaniki anumatinchindi. anumatinchindi raitula tirugubaatu taruvaata lallards modatisaari teevramaina himsanu edurkonnaru. wycliffe mariyu itara lallards tirugubaatunu vyatiraekimchagaa, raitu naayakulalo okaraina zaan baall lallardini bodhinchaaru. 1382 kii mundu, raaja aadhipatyaanni viswasinchinanduna prabhutvamlo lollard nammakalu sahinchabaddaayi. ayithe, mataparamaina adhikaaraalanu vimarsinchadaaniki prajalanu prothsahinchadaaniki ishtapadananduna prabhutvam mariyu raajulu sankochinchaaru. appudu raajavamsam mariyu prabhuvulu lollardy charchi kii matrame kakunda, saadhaaranamgaa aangla samaajaaniki muppuga bhaavinchaaru. lollards yokka chinna rakshana kolata aaviraipoyindi. aaviraipoyindi castile kiriitaanni konasaaginchadaaniki ingland nundi bayaludaerina zaan off gaant nishkramana kooda hodaalo eee maarpunu prabhaavitam chesindi.
richard II (1377-99) paalanalo churukuga unna kuleenula samuuhaanni wycliffe yokka vaadanalanu angeekarinchinanduna vaari jeevitaallo ledhaa taruvaata "lollard nites" anie pilicheevaaru. henry naitan, thana vruttaamtamloo, pradhana lollard nightsnu thamus latimer, zaan trussel, levis clifford, surr zaan peche (warmlighton yokka zaan peche kumarudu), richard story mariyu reginald hiltonga gurtinchaadu. thamus walsingham yokka charitra vilium neville mariyu zaan klanvov lanu eee jaabitaaku cherchindi, mariyu eee vruttamlooni itara sambhaavya sabhyulu vaari veelunama dwara gurtinchabaddaaru, indulo vaari sariiraalanu elaa spashtamgaa khananam cheyalane daani gurinchi lollard-prerepita bhasha untundi mariyu vaaru vacchina mattiki tirigi velladaaniki anumatinchabadutundi. lollard nites vaari jeevitakaalamlo pratyaekamgaa piluvabaddaarani chaalaa takkuva suuchanalu unnaayi; vaaru vivechanaadhikaaram gala vyaktulu, mariyu surr zaan oldcasal samvatsaraala taruvaata kakunda, arudugaa bahiranga tirugubaatu gurinchi etuvanti suuchana icchaaru. edemaina, vaaru tama jeevitakaalamlo sambhavinche wycliffe anucharula vividha vichaaranalaku baadhitulu kakunda mukhyamaina padavulanu nilupukogala adbhutamaina saamarthyaanni pradarsinchaaru.
mataparamaina, loukika adhikarulu lolardini teevramgaa vyatiraekimchaaru. praadhamika pratyarthi thamus arundel, conterbury arch bishop, norwich yokka henry leey desensor vanti bishapla sahayamtho, charitrakaarudu thamus walsingham athani utsahanni prasamsimchaadu. paal strome ilaa adigadu "eee lallard nijamaina muppu ledhaa raajakeeya bantu, asthirapariche savaaluku agent, ledhaa sweeya-chattabaddhamaina lancastrian upanyaasam yokka duradrushtakaramaina muppu?"
aangla samskarana praarambhaaniki gurthugaa 16va sataabdapu "aadhipatya charyalaku" mundumaatagaa, mundumaatagaa henry IV paalanalo "dii heretico kamburendo" amalu cheyabadindi; saampradayakamgaa matavisvaasaalanu vedaanta vishwaasamlo porapatuga nirvachinchaaru, ayithe eee saasanam vedaanta matavisvaasaalanu raajakeeya paalakulapai desadroham thoo samanam chesindi.
paatha koota tirugubaatu mariyu himsa.
15va sataabdam praarambhamlo, charchi mariyu prabhutvam kathinamaina charyalu chepattaayi, ivi lorleeni bhoogarbhamloki nettivesaayi. atuvanti charyalalo okati okati thana lallardini thyajinchadaaniki niraakarinchina samanyudu, hastakalaakaarudu zaan baadbeeni dahanam cheyadam. mataviswaasaala neeraaniki inglandlo maranasikshanu anubhavinchina modati samanyudu aayane.
inglaandku chendina henry V yokka sannihita snehitudu mariyu shakespeare charitralo fallstaff kuu aadhaaramaina zaan oldcassil, athani lollard nammakaala aadharalu bayatapadina taruvaata taruvaata vichaaranaku teesukuraabaddaadu. paatha koota london tower nundi tappinchukuni tirugubaatunu nirvahinchindi, indulo raajunu apaharinche prayatnam kooda undhi. tirugubaatu viphalamaindi, paatha kotanu uriteesaaru. paatha koota tirugubaatu valla lallardy raashtraaniki marinta pramaadakaramgaa anipinchindi, mariyu lallardla himsa marinta teevramgaa maarindi.
taruvaati sataabdamloo 1500la praarambhamlo amarsham amaraveerulu mariyu mariyu thamus hardingto sahaa, chivari baadhitulaloo okaraina thamus hardingto sahaa, vividha rakaala itara amaraveerulanu uriteesaaru. thamus bilneetho sahaa, eee himsaku oka bhayankaramaina gurthugaa thorpe kalapaloni 'lollards pitt' undhi, ippudu thorpe kugramam, norwich, norphok, "ikkada purushulu ishtanusaram kaalchiveyabadataaru".
tadupari sanghatanalu mariyu prabhavam.
aangla samskarana samayamlo lolardulu protestantismloki samarthavantamgaa vileenam cheyabaddaayi, indulo lollardy paatra pooshinchindi. vanda samvatsaraalaku paiga lolardulu bhoogarbhamlo unnanduna, samskarana samayamlo lollardy yokka paridhi mariyu daani aalochanalu anischitamgaa mariyu charchaneeyaamsamgaa unnaayi. blanche paari (56 samvatsaraalu elizabeth I kii atyanta sannihita vyakti) mariyu blanche milborne (edward VI mariyu elizabeth I lanu penchina) puurveekulaku lollard sanghaalu undevi. ayithe, thamus mortho sahaa samskarananu vimarsinche chaalaa mandhi vimarsakulu protestantlanu lallardlatho poolchaaru. arch bishop thamus cranmertho sahaa aangla samskarana nayakulu, lolardini kooda prastaavinchaaru, mariyu londonku chendina bishop cuthbert tunstall lutheranismnu viclifiet mataviswaasaala "pempudu-bidda" anie pilicharu. protestantlu vaastavaaniki lollardy nundi prabhavanni pondara ledhaa vaaru sampradaaya bhavanni srushtinchadaaniki daanini suchinchara anie panditulu charchistaaru.
lollard prabhavam yokka paridhi gurinchi charcha jariginappatikee, eee kaalam nundi lollardla himsaku sambandhinchina taginanta recordulu unnaayi. london dioceslo, 1510 nundi 1532 varaku sumaru 310 lallardlanu vichaarinchinatlu ledhaa balavantamgaa vidichipettinatlu recordulu unnaayi. linkan dioceslo, lallardiki vyatiraekamgaa 45 kesulu 1506-1507 loe vinabaddayi mariyu mariyu 50 obserations mariyu 5 lallardlanu tagalabettadam jarigindi. jarigindi, arch bishop warham kent nundi 41 lollardla tolagimpu mariyu mariyu tagalabettadaaniki adhyakshata vahinchaaru.
eee samayamlo saadhaarana prajalalo lollardy yokka paridhi teliyadu, conny inglandlo protestant iconoclasm yokka praabalyam, huldrich jwingley muulam kakapothe lollard aalochanalu ippatikee kontha prajaadarana pondina prabhavanni kaligi undavacchani suuchistumdi, endukante lutheranism iconoclasmnu samarthinchaledu. 1554 mariyu 1559 madhya catholic maerii I krinda mataviswaasaala punaruddharana samayamlo lallardlu mallee himsimchabaddaaru, idhi pratyaekamgaa matavisvaasaalanu mariyu lallardylanu anachivesindi.
baptistulu, puritanlu mariyu kwekarlu vanti lolardulu mariyu taruvaata aangla protestant samuuhaala madhya saaruupyata kooda samskarana dwara lollard aalochanala kontha konasaagimpunu suuchistumdi.
kala mariyu saahityamlo praatinidhyam.
roman catholic charchi kalanu laured vyatiraeka aayudhamgaa upayoginchindi. sanyaasulu ledhaa poojaarula dustulu dharinchi, durbhaashala meeda peddabaatula mandaku bodhinche nakkaluga lallardlanu suuchimchaevaaru. eee praatinidhyaalu "dhi history off reinard dhi faaks" mariyu "dhi shifts off reynardine" vanti prasiddha madhyayuga saahityamlo kanipinche bodhanaa nakka kathanu suuchimchaayi. nakka thana anargalamaina maatalatho baadhithuraalini tineyagalige varaku peddabaatulanu daggaragaa aakarshinchindi. moorkhulu tappudu upaadhyaayulache mohimpabadataru anedi katha yokka naitikata.

