sthiravidyuth dhwaniwardhakamu

sthiravidyuth dhvanivardhakam (esl) anedi oka dhwaniwardhaka roopakalpana, dheenilo sthiravidyuth kshetramlo velaadadeeyabadina porapai vidhinchina shakti dwara dhwani utpatti avutundi.
design mariyu kaaryaacharana.
speakerlu saadhaaranamgaa rendu vidyut vaahaka gridla madhya sandwitch cheyabadina graphite vanti vaahaka padaarthamthoo puuta puusina plaastik sheetnu kaligi unna sannani chadunaina diaphramnu upayogistaayi, diaphram mariyu gridla madhya chinna gaali antaram untundi. takkuva vakreekarana operation kosam, diaphragom daani uparitalampai sthiramaina chaarjto kakunda sthiramaina voltage thoo panicheyaali. idhi rendu paddhatulalo okati ledhaa rendinti dwara saadhinchabadutundih diaphragom yokka conductive coatingnu enchukuni, daaniki chaalaa adhika uparitala nirodhakatanu ichhe paddhatiloo vartinchabadutundi, mariyu/ledhaa pedda viluva gala nirodhakam ehechti (adanapu adhika udriktata ledhaa voltage) vidyut sarafara mariyu diaphragom (ikkada rekhaachitramlo chuupabadani nirodhakam) madhya shrenilo unchabadutundi. ayithe, taruvaati saanketikata ippatikee vakreekarananu anumatistundi, endukante chaarj diaphragom antataa "grid" ledhaa electrodeku daggaragaa unna binduvuku maarutundi, tadwara diaphragamnu kadilinche shakti perugutundi; idhi audeo frequency vadda sambhavistundi, kabatti diaphragamku aacharanaatmaka speaker kosam chaarj kadalikanu mandaginchadaaniki adhika nirodhakata (megahams) avasaram.
diaphragom saadhaaranamgaa polyester film (mandam 2-20 μm) nundi pempudu jantuvula film vanti asaadhaaranamaina yaantrika lakshanaalatoo tayaaru cheyabadutundi. vaahaka puuta mariyu bahya adhika voltage sarafara dwara diaphragom gridlaku sambandhinchi aneka kilovoltla disi potential vadda unchabadutundi. gridlu audeo signal dwara nadapabadataayi; mundu mariyu venuka grid antifacelo nadapabadataayi. phalitamgaa, rendu gridla madhya audeo signalku anulomaanupaatamlo ekareeti sthiravidyuth kshetram utpatti avutundi. idhi charge cheyabadina diaphragampy oka saktini prerepistundi, mariyu daani phalitamgaa vachhe kadalika daani iruvaipula gaalini naduputundi.
daadaapu anni sthiravidyuth dhwaniwardhakaalalo diaphragom rendu gridla dwara nadapabadutundi, oka vaipu, endukante oke grid dwara diaphragampy vese shakti aamodayogyam kaani saralamgaa untundi, tadwara harmonic vakreekaranaku kaaranamavutundi. rendu vaipula grid lanu upayoginchadam valla naan-linearity yokka voltage aadhaarita bhaganni raddu chestundi, conny chaarj (aakarshanheeyamaina shakti) aadhaarita bhaganni vadilivestundi. phalitamgaa harmonic vakreekarana puurtigaa lekapovadam. iteevali roopakalpanalo, diaphragom audeo signaltho nadapabadutundi, gridla meeda unna static chaarj (paaradarsaka dhwani parishkaralu) thoo.
grid luu veelainanta ekareeti vidyut kshetraanni utpatti cheyagalagaali, ayithe dhwanini daatadaaniki anumatistundi. anduvalla tagina grid nirmaanaalu randhraala lohapu palakalu, ottiditoe kuudina theega, theega raadlu modalaina frame.
taginanta kshetra balaanni utpatti cheyadaaniki, gridlapy audeo signal adhika voltage kaligi undaali. sthiravidyuth nirmaanam prabhaavavantamgaa capacitor, mariyu diaphragom mariyu stater plaetlu (munupati paeraalanu grids ledhaa electrodelu anie pilustaaru) srushtinchina capasitancenu chaarj cheyadaaniki matrame current avasaram. anduvalla eee rakamaina speaker adhika-impedence parikaram. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, aadhunika electrodynamic cone loud speaker anedi adhika prastuta avasaraalatoe kuudina takkuva impedence parikaram. phalitamgaa, saadhaarana amplifiernu upayoginchadaaniki impedence matching avasaram. chaalaa tarachugaa eee disagaa transformer upayoginchabadutundi. eee transformer nirmaanam chaalaa keelakam, endukante idhi mottam vinagalige frequency paridhiloo sthiramaina (tarachugaa adhika) parivartana nishpattini andinchaali.ii. pedda bandwidth) mariyu kabatti vakreekarananu nivaarinchandi. transformer daadaapu ellappuduu oka nirdishta sthiravidyuth speakerku nirdishtamgaa untundi. eee roeju varaku, acoustat mariyu beveridge matrame vaanijyaparamgaa "transformer laeni" sthiravidyuth dhvanivardhakaanni nirminchaaru. eee designlo, step-up transformernu upayoginchakundaa, antarnirmita hye-voltage valve amplifier nundi (kavaataalu kooda adhika impedence parikaraalu kabatti) audeo signal neerugaa staterlaku vartinchabadutundi.
prayojanaalu.
sthiravidyuth dhwaniwardhakaala yokka prayojanaaluh
sangeeta paaradarsakata electrodynamic speakerla kante merugga untundi, endukante vikiranam uparitalam chaalaa itara driverla kante chaalaa takkuva dravyaraasini kaligi untundi mariyu anduvalla taruvaata vidudala cheyagala saktini nilva cheyagala saamarthyam chaalaa takkuvagaa untundi. udaaharanaku, vilakshanhamaina dynamic speaker driverlu padula ledhaa vandala graamula kadile dravyaraasini kaligi undavacchu, ayithe sthiravidyuth pora konni milligramula baruvu matrame kaligi untundi, idhi chaalaa thelikaina electrodynamic tweeterla kante chaalaa retlu takkuva. dynamic speakerlalo tarachugaa chinnadaina sahavarti gaali load, saadhaaranamgaa pedda coupling uparitalam kaaranamgaa padula graamulu untundi, tadwara gaali dwara pratidhvani nirmaanam gananeeyamgaa, puurti kakapoyina, degreeki taggutundi. electrostaticsnu puurti-shreni designluga kooda amalu cheyavachu, saadhaarana crossover filterlu mariyu dhwaniki rangu ledhaa vakreekarinchagala aavaranalu laevu.
aneka sthiravidyuth speakerlu podavainavi mariyu porapati designlu kaligi untaayi, endukante avi niluvu dvidhruva rekha muulamgaa panicheestaayi. idhi sampradaaya electrodynamic loud speekarlatho poliste gadulalo bhinnamaina dhwani pravartananu chestundi. saadhaaranamgaa cheppalante, oka pedda-panel dvidhruva radiator oka sampradaaya baaks speakertho poliste oka gadilo saraina bhouthika sthaanaanni korutundi, conny, okasari akkada, adhi chedu-dhwani gadhi pratidhvanulanu prerepinche avakaasam takkuvagaa untundi, mariyu daani pratyaksha-nundi-enchukunna dhwani nishpatti konni 4-5 decibels ekkuvagaa untundi. idhi saraina stereo samacharam mariyu vedika vaataavaranaanni kaligi unna recordingla yokka marinta khachitamaina stereo punarutpattiki daariteestundi. planner (flat) driverlu chaalaa disaatmakamgaa untaaru, vaariki manchi imaging lakshanaalanu istaaru, vaaru vineevaariki mariyu gadilooni dhwani-pratibimbimchae uparitalaalaku sambandhinchi jagrattagaa unchabadatarane sharatu meeda. vakra panellu nirminchabaddaayi, placement avasaralanu konchem takkuva kathinamgaa chestaayi, conny imaging khachitatvanni kontavaraku tyaagam chestaayi.
pratikuulatalu.
saadhaarana pratikuulatalaloo parisara aardrata sthaayilaku sunnitatvam mariyu bays pratispandana lekapovadam, aavarana lekapovadam valla dasha raddu kaaranamgaa, conny ivi anni designla dwara panchukobadavu. diapol radiatorla kosam vikiranam cheyabadina frequency yokka paavu tarangadairghyaaniki samanamga irukaina panel parimaanam unnappudu baas rolloff 3 db point sambhavistundi, kabatti 0.66 meterla vedalpu unna kwad sl-63 kosam, idhi 129 heartz vadda sambhavistundi, idhi aneka baaks speekarlatho polchavachhu (343 mea/seey gaa teesukunna dhwani vegamtho lekkinchabadutundi). takkuva exerson amplitudetho kampinche kathinamaina poratho takkuva pounahpunyaalanu punarutpatti cheyadam kooda kashtamaina bhouthika savaalu; ayithe, cone driverlatho poliste chaalaa diaphraglu chaalaa pedda uparitala vaisaalyaanni kaligi unnanduna, saapekshamgaa pedda mottamlo saktini bayataku pampadaaniki chinna amplitude vihaarayaatralu matrame avasaram. baas parimanatmakamga laenappatikee (cone driverla kante takkuva viharam kaaranamgaa) idhi electrodynamic (cone) vyavasthala kante merugaina naanhyata ('bigutu' mariyu 'booming' lekunda) kaligi untundi. faze cancillation nuu electronic equalisation dwara kontavaraku bharti cheyavachu (faze cancillation kaaranamgaa utpatti cheyabadina dhwani peedanam taggipoye audeo byaand lopala praantaanni penche shelving circuit anie pilavabadedi). ayinappatikee "garishta" baas sthaayilanu penchalemu endukante avi adhika-voltage staterlaku chaalaa daggaragaa rakamunde pora yokka garishta anumatinchadagina vihaarayaatra dwara chivariki parimitam cheyabadataayi, ivi vidyut vampu utpatti chesi daani dwara randhraalanu kaalchestaayi. iteevali, baas lekapovadam kosam saanketikamgaa marinta adhunaatana parishkaralalo pedda, vakra panellu (sound-lyab, martinlogaon cls), sthiravidyutho kuudina sub woofer panellu (audiostatic, kwad), mariyu pedda diaphragom vihaarayaatralanu (audiostatic) anumatinche deergha-throw sthiravidyutho kuudina muulakaala vadakam unnaayi. tarachugaa abhyasinche maroka upaayam emitante, madhya mariyu treble kante ekkuva parivartana nishpattitoe baas (20-80 Hz) nuu penchadam.
eee saapekshamgaa biggaraga vaayinche sabdam lekapovadam tarachugaa dynamic loud speaker, udhaa. upayoginchi hybrid designtho parishkarinchabadutundi.zii. takkuva pounahpunyaalanu nirvahinchadaaniki, sthiravidyuthutho kuudina diaphragom madhya mariyu adhika pounahpunyaalanu nirvahinchadaaniki oka sub woofer. hybridlaku uttamamaina takkuva frequency unit cone driverlu anie chaalaa mandhi bhaavistaaru, ivi open bafflesslo diapols, transmission line woofers ledhaa hornluga amarchabadi untaayi, endukante avi electrostatic speakerla maadirigaane (kaneesam baslo) daadaapu adhe lakshanaalanu kaligi untaayi, antey.ii. manchi taatkaalika pratispandana, chinna pette rangu, mariyu (aadarsamgaa) chadunaina pounahpunya pratispandana. ayithe, electrostaticto ituvanti woofernu anusandhaaninchadamlo tarachugaa samasya untundi. endukante chaalaa varaku sthiravidyuttulu rekha muulaalu, dheeni dhwani peedanam sthaayi dhooram yokka prati rettimpu kosam 3 db taggutundi. marovaipu, cone speaker yokka dhwani ottidi sthaayi, dhooram yokka prati rettimpu kosam 6 db taggutundi endukante idhi oka point sorsga pravartistundi. dheenini siddhaantaparamgaa marinta sogasaina parishkaram dwara adhigaminchavacchu, idhi open baffle loe sampradaaya cone wooferlanu upayoginchadam ledhaa push-pull amarika, idhi sthiravidyuttu pora maadirigaane bipolar radiation namuunaanu utpatti chestundi. idhi ippatikee dasha radduku lobadi untundi, conny cone wooferlu vaati sudeergha paryatana kaaranamgaa chaalaa ekkuva sthaayiki nadapabadataayi, tadwara flat pratispandanaku samaanatvam sulabham chestundi, mariyu avi vakreekarananu jodistaayi, tadwara frequency pratispandana graph kinda praantaanni (mariyu anduvalla shakti) penchutaayi, mottam takkuva frequency saktini ekkuvagaa chestundi conny signal patla viswasaneeyata takkuvagaa untundi.
oka pratyaamnaayam sthiravidyuth muulakaalanu chuttumutty vaatini "monopoles" gaa nirvahinchadam."idhi dvidhruva operation yokka aneka pratikuulatalanu nivaaristundi, mukhyamgaa gadhi pratibimbaalalo goppa taggimpu mariyu tadwara namodu cheyabadina vaataavaranamloo kaltee kooda. speakernu drushyaparamgaa "chuudataaniki" etuvanti prayatnam lenanduna, idhi pora pratidhvani yokka puurti dampingnu andinchadaaniki panel venuka bhaagamlo padaarthaalanu upayoginchadaaniki kooda anumatistundi, idhi taatkaalika pratispandananu meruguparustundi. adanamgaa, 500 heartz vanti saapekshamgaa adhika crossover frequencytho saapekshamgaa chinna muulakaalanu upayoginchadam valla aneka prayojanaalu unnaayi. idhi sahetukamaina vistrutamaina teepi pradaesaanni andinche sthaayiki pratyakshatanu taggistundi. idhi 3 db/octave perugudalanu frequencytho upayoginchadaaniki anumatistundi, idhi sunnitatvaanni penchutundi. idhi nijamaina line arregaa panicheyadu, kabatti woofersnu ekikrutam cheyadam sulabham. chivaraga, migilina 3 db roll-aplo chaalaa varaku signal nundi sagam ledhaa anthakante ekkuva vedalpuku adhika pounahpunyaalanu filter cheyadam dwara pratighatinchavacchu, idhi yaadrucchikamgaa chedaragottadaanni vistaristundi mariyu tadwara teepi spot. jansen speakerlu eee pratyaamnaaya lakshanaalannintinii kaligi untaayi. vaaru dhwani suspension woofers (sealed enclosures) nuu kooda upayogistaaru, ivi anni aakruteekaranalalo athi takkuva samuuha alasyanni kaligi untaayi mariyu tadwara sthiravidyuthutho sajavuga anusandhaaninchadaaniki uttama avakaasam untundi. aavartana marammatula avasaranni nivaaristuu, gaalilo kalushitaalanu sekarinchakunda panellu baga rakshinchabadataayi.
sthiravidyutho kuudina disaatmakata kooda pratikuulamgaa untundi, antey saraina stereo imaging vinagalige 'sweet spot' saapekshamgaa chinnadi, idhi ekakaalamlo speakerla prayojanaalanu puurtigaa aasvaadinchagala vyaktula sankhyanu parimitam chestundi. chestundi klishtamaina dravyarashi mobile vaataavaranamloo (kaaru audeo) upayogam kosam modati sthiravidyuth speakerlanu pravesapettindi. klishtamaina maas injanir mariyu ceo wade alfaron yokka roopakalpana vahanamlo vividha seating sthaanaala kosam pratyeka dhwani kshetraalanu srushtinchadam dwara sthiravidyuth yokka disaatmaka swabhaavaanni pettubadiga pettayi.
dummu, keetakaalu, vaahaka kanaalu mariyu temanu aakarshinche vaati dhorani kaaranamgaa, sthiravidyuth speaker diaphraglu kramamga ksheenistaayi mariyu aavartana marpidi avasaram. maanavulu mariyu pempudu jantuvulato pramaadavasaattu sambandham nundi vaari adhika voltage bhaagaalanu bhouthikamgaa vaeruchaeyadaaniki vaariki rakshana charyalu kooda avasaram. prastuta mariyu nilipiveyabadina prati electrostatic loud speaker namuunaaku kharchutho kuudina marammattu mariyu punaruddharana seva andubaatulo undhi.
autsaahika-nirmita speakerlu.
sthiravidyuth speakerlu du-itt-uverself (diivy) loud speaker builderlalo kontha prajaadarananu pondutaayi. puurti sl die prajectula kosam praathamika hardware aanlainlo andubaatulo undadamtho, transducerlu tamanu taamu oka autsaahika vyakti dwara modati nundi nirminchagala konni rakaala speakerlalo ivi okati. atuvanti sarafaraalalo avasaramaite arsi circuit frequency equalisation kosam resisterlu mariyu kpaasitarlu untaayi; step-up transformerlu; perforated metal sheetlu ledhaa grids mariyu staterla kosam insulating plaastiks; polymer film mariyu conductive paint (udhaa.zii. pora kosam drava graphite suspension); saraina pora tuning kosam saadhaarana tension parikaraalu; mariyu pratidee kalisi unchadaaniki saadhaaranamgaa kalapatho kuudina frame. pramukha asl specialist roser sanders roopondinchina "electrostatic loud speaker design kukbook" () anedi asl autsaahikulachae vistrutamgaa chadavabade vanaru.
vaanijya vaktalu.
orther jaansenku jaansenku sthiravidyutho kuudina dhvanivardhakaanni manjuru chesaaru. tarpedolanu lakshyamgaa chesukovadaniki takkuva-vakreekarana, adhika-pounahpunya vanarunu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki athanu naavikaadalamloo panicheesaadu. yuddham taruvaata, athanu sthiravidyuth speakerla kosam tayari saanketikatanu abhivruddhi chesaadu, dheenini sthiravidyuth sthiravidyuth vidyuttoe upayoginchadaaniki upayogistaaru. eee speakerlanu tayaaru cheyadaaniki ayana neshamini electric licenses pondaadu. 1970la praarambhamlo, minnepolis yokka electronic parisramalu jansen electrostatic speakerla tayaareeki licenses mariyu hakkulanu swaadheenam chesukunnayi. chesukunnayi, electronic parisramalu esl tweeter chuttoo kotta wire ryapnu pravesapettaayi, idhi tayari kharchunu baga tagginchindi. idhi puurtigaa nammadaginadigaa kooda niroopinchabadindi. eee tweeterla yokka aneka pedda shrenulu vaastavaaniki minnepolislo kachereelalo praja prasanga vyavasthalugaa upayoginchabaddaayi. 1970la chivaralo yajamanyam mallee maarindi, mariyu company konugolu cheyabadindi. kaarlalo sthiravidyuth speakerlanu andinchadaaniki pranaalikalu roopondinchabaddaayi, conny eppuduu utpatti loki raaledu. willson audeo yokka dave willson, thana prasiddha, vaam, willson audeo modulator monetarlo jansen tweeterlanu upayoginchaadu. aaa speaker nilipiveyabadinappudu $220,000 jataku vikrayinchabadindi. trai-ergaon sound-aann-film sound film system yokka developerlu 1919 lone electrostatic loud speaker yokka aadima designu abhivruddhi chesaaru. orther jansen kumarudu david jansen, thana tandri patraalu mariyu designlanu upayoginchi thana sonta electrostatic hybrid speakerla versionnu pravesapettaaru. ippatikee vyaparamlo unna athani company electronic parisramalaku anusandhaaninchabadaledu. mister. jansen company, jansen ippatikee thana asalu design yokka parinaamaatmaka samskarananu tayaaru chestundi. 1950la madhyalo orther eah. ell. hetch. tommidi roopakalpana chesaaru. chesaaru eee roopakalpananu klhech kuu teesukuvacchi, kramam tappakunda utpatti chesina tarvaata jansen, mariyu vaelaadi vikrayinchabaddaayi. 
kwad electroacoustics.
mottamodati puurtigaa vijayavantamaina puurti-shreni sthiravidyuth speaker, mariyu atyanta prabhaavavantamaina vaatilo okati, pravesapettabadindi utpatti cheyabadindihi inglaandlooni huntingdon yokka kwad electroacoustics nundi kwad electrostatic loud speaker (kwad sl, taruvaata sl-57 anie piluvabadindi). ivi niluvu akshampai koddigaa vakramgaa unde inti vidyut radiator laaga aakaaramlo undevi. avi vaati spashtata mariyu khachitatvam kosam vistrutamgaa prasamsimchabaddaayi, conny takkuva frequency baas avutputnu saadhinchaetappudu amalu cheyadam kashtam.
kwad sl lanu company vyavasthaapakudu peater walker mariyu david villiamson roopondinchaaru. eee shrenilo modatidi edd vard doubleu dwara abhivruddhi cheyabadina sl-57. sl-57 saadhaarana vidyut kosam kellog. idhi idhi pravesapettabadindi, pravesapettabadindi vaanijya utpattilo unchabadindi mariyu mariyu matrame nilipiveyabadindi.
nilipiveyabadindi, kwad kwad varasudiga varasudiga pravesapettindi. idhi esl-57 yokka baas punarutpattilo lopam mariyu adhika pounahpunyaala vadda daani teevra disaatmakata rendintinee parishkarinchadaaniki prayatninchindi. staterlanu enimidi kendrikruta valayaluga vibhajinchadam dwara taruvaati lakshyam saadhinchabadutundi, prati okkati ventane lopaliki vale polchithe konchem aalasyamtho andinchabadutundi, tadwara oka point muulaanni anukarinchadaaniki prayatnistundi.
kwad esl-63 nilipiveyabadinappatiki, kwad sthiravidyuth speakerla utpattini nirvahistundi. kwad kwad esl-988 mariyu daani pedda roopaantaram roopaantaram esl-2805 mariyu esl-2905, mariyu mariyu esl-2812 mariyu mariyu pravesapettindi, ivi electronic mariyu transducer merugudalalanu kaligi unnaayi.
itara tayaareedaarulu.
sthiravidyuth speakerla yokka prasiddha tayaareedaarulalo martinlogan, keff, kwad, soundlab unnaayi. sthiravidyuth-rakam speakerlanu matrame tayaaru chese tayaareedaarulalo soundlab, audiostatic, jansen mariyu sanders sound systems (gatamlo innersound) unnaayi.
prastutam sthiravidyuth dhvanivardhakaalanu utpatti chestunna itara tayaareedaarulalo solosound, kings audeo, panphonics, cadense audeo, tii + eah mariyu sylberstatic, blanco unnaayi.nyuu. benk portable electrostatic bluetooth speakernu utpatti chestundi. audiostatic vaadana puurti shreni electrostatic loud speakernu matrame tayaaru chestundi.
martinlogan, jansen, metrum accoustics, sanders sound systems mariyu sound-lyab, mariyu itarulu sampradaaya wooferlu ledhaa sub wooferlatho hybrid designlanu nirmistaaru.
ikapai tayaaru cheyani sthiravidyutho kuudina puurti-shreni speakerlalo klh 9, mottamodati US puurti-shreni design, aall toltech, acoustat, sarvo-stutic mariyu australia nundi nimajjanam.

