
georg frederic wats

georg frederic wats (23 fibravari 1817-1 juulai 1904) prateekavaada udyamaaniki sambandhinchina british chitrakaarudu mariyu shilpi. ayana "neenu aalochanalanu chitristaanu, vastuvulanu kaadu."wats thana jeevitakaalamlo" "aasha" "mariyu" "prema mariyu jeevitam" "vanti thana roopaka rachanalaku prasiddhi chendaadu". eee chitraalu "house off life" anie piluvabade oka itihaasa sanketha chakramlo bhaagamgaa uddesinchabaddaayi, dheenilo jeevitamlooni bhavodvegalu mariyu aakaankshalannii saarvatrika sanketha bhaashalo suuchimchabadataayi.
prarambha jeevitam mariyu vidya.
georg frederic handell (ayana paeru pettabadina) puttinaroju sandarbhamgaa central landanlooni marylebonelo oka paedha piano tayaareedaaru rendava bharyaku wats janminchaadu. aarogyamlo sunnitamaina mariyu athanu inca chinnatanamlone athani talli maraninchadamtho, athanu kraistava matam yokka sampradaayavaada vivaranalo alaage iliad vanti classicla dwara thana tandri chetha intlone paatasaala cheyabaddaadu."modatidi athani sampradaaya mataanni jeevitaantam nilipivesindi, rendodi athani kalapai nirantara prabhavam choopindi. athanu chaalaa mundugaane kalaatmaka vaagdaanaanni pradarsinchaadu, vilium bens thoo 10 samvatsaraala vayassu nundi silpakala neerchukunnaadu, elgine marbles nii ankitabhaavamtho adhyayanam cheyadam praarambhinchaadu (taruvaata "vaari nundi matrame neenu neerchukunnaanu" anie vrasadu), aapai 18 samvatsaraala vayassulo raayal academy paatasaalallo vidyaarthigaa cheraadu.
vrutti.
modati pradarsanalu.
athanu 1837loe academylo "gayapadina herron" chitram mariyu rendu chitraalato pradarsinchaaru, conny academylo athani haajaru swalpakaalikam, mariyu athani tadupari kalaa vidya vyaktigata prayogam mariyu krushiki matrame parimitam cheyabadindi, idhi praacheena greeku shilpam yokka pramaanaaniki nirantaram vignapti dwara maarganirdesam cheyabadindi. athanu thana samakaaleena alegzander constantine ionides nundi prothsaahaanni pondhi, thana chitra vruttini kooda praarambhinchaadu, athanu taruvaata sannihita snehitudigaa maaradu.
westminster kudyachitram bahumati.
1843loe westminsterloni kotta paarlamentu sabhalaku kudyachitraalanu roopondinche pootiiloo "caractacus" anae paerutoe oka chithramtho ayana prajala drushtini aakarshincharu. vaatlu eee pootiiloo modati bahumatini geluchukunnaru, idhi deshabhakti vishayaalapai kathana chitraalanu prothsahinchadaaniki uddesinchabadindi, idhi dhesha saasanasabhaku taginadi, £300 bahumatini pondindi. chivariki vaatlu westminster alankaranalaku peddagaa todpadaledu, conny daani nundi athanu maanavatvam yokka aadhyaatmika mariyu saamaajika parinaamaaniki praatinidhyam vahinche kudyachitraalato kappabadina bhavanam gurinchi thana drushtini roopondinchaadu.
italian prayaanaalu.
ayithe, westminster pootii nundi bahumati 1843 nundi italeeki sudeergha sandarsanaku nidhulu samakuurchindi, akkada wats british rayabari henry faaks, 4 va baaran halland mariyu athani bhaarya augustatho casa ferroni mariyu villa kaareggilooni vaari illalo sneham chesaaru. vaari kosam ayana 1848loe pradarsinchina laedii halland yokka chittaruvunu, aaa maadhyamamlo konni prayogaatmaka adhyayanalu chesina taruvaata villaalo oka kudyachitraanni chitrinchaadu. italianlo unnappudu kooda wats prakruti drushyaalanu utpatti cheyadam praarambhinchaadu mariyu idhi maikhelanjelo yokka systeine chappel mariyu giotto yokka scrouveni chappel nundi prerana pondindi. 1847loe, italeelo unnappudu, wats, alfred dhi grate anae thana chithramtho paarlamentu sabhalaku oka kotta pootiiloo pravesinchaadu, "alfred samudramlo danesnu edurkovadam dwara vaarini digakunda nirodhinchadaaniki saxonlanu prerepinchaadu", deshabhakti amsampai conny fidian prerananu upayoginchi. 
tirigi britanki.
londonku kontakaalam tirigi raavadaaniki uddesinchina daani kosam april 1847loe florencenu vidichipetti, athanu akkade undipoyaadu. 500 poundla pradhama shreni bahumatini pondina taruvaata, westminster haallooni exhibitionlo ayana vijayavantamaina paintingnu prabhutvam konugolu chesindi, mariyu house off commons yokka kamitee gadulalo okadaanilo velaadadeesindi. antekakunda, idhi 1848loe praarambhamai 1853loe puurtayina "seyint georg dragon nuu adhigaminchaadu" anae kudyachitram kosam oka commissionku daariteesindi, idhi paarlamentu sabhalalo kavula sabha yokka alankaranalo bhaagamgaa erpadindi.
tirigi britainlo athanu thana italian anubhavaala aadhaaramgaa thana goppa kudyachitram pranaalikanu amalu cheyadaaniki oka bhavananni pondalekapoyadu, ayinappatikee athanu linkan yokka satram yokka goppa haall yokka thoorpu goda eguva bhaagamlo 45 adugula x 40 adugula kudyachitraanni "justice, eah hemicycle off laa givers" (1859 loe puurtayimdi) anae paerutoe roopondinchaadu, idhi rafale yokka "dhi school off athens" nundi prerana pondindi. paryavasanamga ayana pradhana rachanalalo chaalaa varaku sampradaaya taila chitraalu, veetilo konni "house off life" kosam adhyayanaluga uddesinchabaddaayi.
princep circle.
thana studiolo athanu henry thobi princep (16 samvatsaraalu council off india sabhyudiga) mariyu athani bhaarya saaraa (nee patil) nuu kalusukunnadu. eee vidhamgaa wats saraku chendina eduguru sodareemanulu (varjeeniyaatho sahaa, vaatlu premalo paddaru conny charless, wiscount eestnarnu 1850loe vivaham chesukunna), julia margaret cameron thoo sahaa bohemianla princep sarkillo cheraaru. gatamlo 48 cambridge veedhiloo, aapai mayfairlo 1850loe nivasinchina ayana, chinna halland intlo 21 samvatsaraala leejuku raajakumaarulaku sahayam chesi, taruvaati 21 samvatsaraalu vaaritho mariyu vaari seluuntoe akkade undipoyaaru. (eee bhavanam lard lyton intiki sameepamlo kensingtonloni hallands london estateloni dover house.)
utpaadaka chitralekhana kaalam.
linkan yokka satram inca konasagutunnappudu, chitraalu mariyu chitraala vishayamlo wats sthiramgaa pani chestu unnaaru. 1849loe kalakarudi nirmaanaalalo atyanta vilakshanhamaina roopaka rachanalalo modati rendu pradarsinchabaddaayi-"jeevita bhraantulu", maanava korikala garvam yokka vistrutamaina pradarsana, mariyu "cheekatilo kuurchunna prajalu", perugutunna udayaaniki aatrutagaa tiragadam. 1850loe gayapadina prayaanikudipai vangi unna "manchi samaritan" chitramlo manavatva paristhitini meruguparachaalane thana teevramaina korikanu ayana modatisaarigaa bahirangamgaa vyaktam chesaaru; raayal academy ketalaglo namodu chesinatlugaa, "thamus rait, manchester yokka goppa daatrutvam patla kalakarudi prasamsa mariyu gowravam yokka vyakteekaranagaa chithrinchabadindi", mariyu aaa nagaraniki athanu aaa panini samarpinchaadu. 1840la chivari nundi athanu france mariyu inglandlo aneka chitraalanu chitrinchaadu, vaatilo konni krinda vivarinchabaddaayi. adhe kaalaaniki chendina mukhyamaina chitraalu "surr galahad" (1862), "ariadne inn naxos" (1863), "time und ablivian" (1864), ivi vaastavaaniki "feedias paddhati prakaram vividha padaarthaalalo" silpakalanu nirvahinchadaaniki roopondinchabaddaayi, mariyu "theetis" (1866).
bodhana, tadupari prayaanaalu.
ippativaraku aamodinchabadina iddaru vidyaarthulaloo okaru henry kumarudu valentine cameron princep; marokaru zaan radam spensor stanhope-iddaroo snehitulugaa undipoyaaru, conny iddaroo pradhana kalakarudu kaaledu. little halland houselo kouludaarugaa nivasistunnappudu, wats yokka itihaasa chitraalanu athani snehitudu saamaajika samskarta connon shamyul barnet vaitchaapello pradarsinchaaru, chivaraku athanu paarlamentu sabhalaku oka kamishannu andukunnadu, 1852-53 loe thana "redd cross nait vijayam" ("fairy queen" nundi) puurti chesaadu. athanu 1853loe italeeki tirigi oka chinna paryatana kooda teesukunnadu (venis thoo sahaa, ikkada titian marinta preranagaa maarindi) mariyu charless thamus newtontho kalisi 1856-57 loe holicarnasasnu travvadaaniki, constantinople mariyu greeku dveepaala dwara. 1856loe wats paris looni lard halland nuu sandarsinchaaru, akkada ayana appudu rayabariga unnaaru, ayana dwara adolph theors, gerom bonaparte mariyu itara prasiddha french vyaktula chitraalanu chithrinchi parichayam chesaaru. italii, grease mariyu egyptulaku konni sandarsanalu kakunda, athani tadupari jeevitamlo ekkuva bhaagam athani inti studiola ekaantamlo gadichindi.
swalpakaala vivaham.
1860laloe, wats yokka rachana rojsetty prabhavanni chooputundi, tarachugaa indriya aanandam mariyu goppa rangunu nokki chebutundi. eee chitraalalo athani chinna bhaarya, 30 samvatsaraala chinnadaina nati ellen terrie chitram undhi-paraspara snehitudu tomm taylor parichayam chesina taruvaata, vaaru 1864 fibravari 20naa vivaham chesukunnaru, aame 17va puttinarojuku kevalam edu rojula dhooramlo. vivaham ayina oka samvatsaram kante takkuva kaalam tarvaata aame maroka vyaktitoe paaripoyinappudu, vaatsku aameku vidaakulu ivvaalsina avasaram erpadindi.
taruvaata prabhavalu.
1870laloe rosetteetho wats anubandham mariyu soundarya udyamam marai, endukante athani rachanalu shaastreeya sampradaayaalanu uddeshapoorvakamgaa aandolana chendina mariyu samasyaatmakamaina uparitalamtho militam chesi, jeevitam mariyu parinaamam yokka dynamic saktulanu, alaage jeevitam yokka taatkaalika mariyu taatkaalika lakshanaalanu suuchimchaayi. eee rachanalu tulanaatmaka matam sthaapakudu maaks mueller aalochanalache prabhaavitamaina "house off life" yokka savarinchina samskaranalo bhaagamgaa erpaddaayi. aadhunika shaastramtho, mukhyamgaa darwin parinaamtho aadhyaatmika aalochanala goppa samshlaeshanhaloo abhivruddhi chendutunna "[prapanchamlooni] jaatula puraanaalanu" gurtinchaalani wats bhaavinchaaru.
taruvaati jeevitam.
chinna halland house leeju daani mugimpu daggaragaa undatamtho mariyu bhavanam tvaralo koolchiveyabadadamtho, 1870 la praarambhamlo athanu sii nundi sameepamloni kotta london intini niyaminchaadu. aarr. cacarell kotta chinna halland house (lard lyton estateku tirigi), mariyu manchineeti, ail off white vadda oka intini sampaadinchindi-athani snehitulu julia margaret cameron mariyu lard tennison appatike dveepamlo illanu kaligi unnaaru. vaari pillalu inti nundi velladam praarambhinchinappudu princep kutumbamtho thana snehaanni konasaaginchadaaniki, athanu vaari kosam manchineeti sameepamlo brearyni nirminchi, vaari saapeksha blanche clogstowne nuu dattata teesukunnadu. 1877loe, ellen terrie nundi athani decree nisee chivaraku vachindi, mariyu grosvenor galleryni athani snehitudu couts lindsay praarambhinchaaru. idhi raboye padeella paatu ayana aadarsavantamaina vedika anie niroopinchadaaniki.
1886loe, 69 samvatsaraala vayassulo, wats scottish designer mariyu kummarivadu maerii frazer titelernu tirigi vivaham chesukunnadu, appudu 36 samvatsaraala vayassulo. 1891loe athanu gildfordku dakshinaana unna compton sameepamlo sarriiloo bhoomini konugolu chesaadu. eee janta aaa intiki "limnerleys" anie paeru pettaru ("limner" ledhaa kalakarudu anae padaalanu "leisen" ledhaa "gren" thoo kalapadam) mariyu sameepamlo wats galleryni nirminchaaru, athani paniki ankitam cheyabadina museum-britainlo modati (mariyu ippudu ekaika) prayojanam kosam nirminchina gallery-idhi oke kalaakaarudiki ankitam cheyabadindi-idhi athani maranaaniki kontakaalam mundu april 1904loe praarambhinchabadindi mariyu 2006 mariyu 2011 madhya pedda vistarananu pondindi.
vaat yokka martuary chappel.
wats bhaarya maerii sameepamloni munupati wats savaagaara chaapelnu roopondinchaaru, dheeniki wats dabbu chellinchaadu; athanu maraninchadaaniki moodu nelala mundu balipeetam kosam "sarvavyaapti" yokka oka samskarananu kooda chitrinchaadu. limnerleys mariyu chappel rendoo ippudu nirvahinchabadutunnaayi, mariyu illu vaatla gallery yajamanyamlo undhi. 2016loe intlooni wats studio tirigi teravabadindi, wats gallerylo bhaagamgaa, wats jeevitakaalapu chaayaachitraalanu upayoginchi veelainanta varaku punaruddharinchabadindi mariyu guided toorlo pradhana nivaasa vibhaganni sandarsinchavacchu.
sekaranalu.
ayana chitraalalo chaalaa varaku tate britton yajamanyamlo unnaayi-ayana 1897loe thana 18 prateekaatmaka chitraalanu, 1900loe maroe moodu chitraalanu daanamgaa icchaaru. veetilo konni iteevali samvatsaraalalo wats gallerieki appuga ivvabaddaayi, mariyu akkada pradarsinchabadutunnaayi.
avaardulu mariyu gowravaalu.
victoria raani aayanaku rendusaarlu baronettini ivvadaaniki niraakarinchadamtho, athanu chivaraku 1867loe raayal akaadameeki vidyaavettagaa ennikayyaadu mariyu 1902loe nyuu arder off merrit (oom) yokka asalu sabhyulalo okarigaa angeekarinchabaddaadu-thana maatallo cheppalante, anni aangla kalaakaarula tarapuna. 1902 juun 26naa prachurinchabadina 1902 pattaabhisheka gowrawala jaabitaalo eee uttarvu prakatinchabadindi, mariyu athanu 1902 augustu 8naa buckingham paleslo king edward VII nundi chihnanni andukunnadu.
aalasyamgaa chitralekhanaalu.
athani chivari chitraalalo, wats yokka srujanaatmaka aakaankshalu "vyavasthala vittanaalu" vanti aadhyaatmika chitraalugaa roopaantaram chendutaayi, dheenilo wats nairoopya kalanu oohinchinatlu anipistundi. eee chitralekhanam nakshatraalu mariyu neeharikala saktivantamaina namoonaalo bhagavantudini kanipinchani aakaramga varnistundi. vaatla yokka konni itara chivari rachanalu kooda picaso yokka neeli kaalam yokka chitraalanu oohinchinatlu anipistundi.
chitralekhanam.
ayana portrait painterga kooda prasamsalu andukunnaru. athani chitraalu aaa rojuloni atyanta mukhyamaina purushulu mariyu mahilala chitraalu, "prasiddhi gruham" gaa roopondinchadaaniki uddesinchabaddaayi. athani chitraalalo wats kramasikshana sthirathvam mariyu charya yokka shakti madhya udriktatanu srushtinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru. athanu thana kuurchunnavaari mukhaalapai ottidi mariyu dustulu yokka sankethaalanu nokkicheppinanduku kooda prasiddhi chendaadu. ayana british subjectlalo chaalaa mandhi ippudu jaateeya portrait gallery sekaranalo unnaru 1895loe 17 viraalamgaa ivvabaddaayi, taruvaata 30kii paiga jodinchabaddaayi. 1840la chivari nundi athani kosam kuurchunna vaarilo francois gizot (1848), surr henry rallinson, surr henry taylor mariyu thamus rait (1851), lard zaan russell (1852), tennison (1856, mariyu mallii 1859), zaan lothrope motley dhi historist (1859), duke off argil (1860), lard laurence mariyu lard lindhurst (1862), james park, 1 va baaran vensleedale (1864), gladstone (1858 mariyu 1865), surr vilium boman mariyu swinburn (1865), anthony panijji (1866) mariyu 1867loe deane stanley unnaaru. itara sittarlalo charless dilk, thamus carley, martin, vilium morris, martin, martin, martin, martin, martin, martin, martin, martin, martin, martin, martin, martin, martin martin, martin martin
"saareeraka shakti".
chitrakaarudigaa baga prasiddhi chendinappatikii, wats oka shilpi kooda. thana puurveekudu hyuu lupus ghnaapakaartham duke off westminster kosam oka gurrapu swarry smaaraka chihnam kosam oka kamishannu puurti chesina taruvaata, 1883loe, yea vyakti gurinchi nirdishta prastaavana lekunda, maroka gurram mariyu raidar yokka kotta plaastar namuunaapai pani cheyadaaniki siddhamgaa unna wats, aadhunika yuganiki gurrapu swarry smaaraka chihnam yokka vaakchaaturyaanni punaruddharinchadaaniki prayatnistuu, 1904loe thana maranam samayamlo daanipai pani chestu unnadu. plaastar modal anedi wats gallerieki kalakarudi vaarasatvamlo bhaagam, mariyu 1904loe, modati kaamsya taaraaganam (1902loe parlanti foundrylo tayaaru cheyabadindi) raayal academy vesavi pradarsanaku kalakarudi chivari samarpanagaa maarindi. idhi burlington house praamganaaniki naatakeeya samakaaleena silpakalaku oka pradaesamgaa kotta praamukhyatanu suuchimchimdi (eee paatranu unnenberg praamganam netikee konasaaginchindi). "bhouthika shakti" appudu rhodesia (ippudu zimbabwe) vyavasthaapakudu sessil roads smaaraka chihnamlo bhaagamgaa cape townku prayaaninchindi. 1907loe, maranaanantaram landanlooni kensington guardenslo oka taaraaganam tayaaru cheyabadindi mariyu koorchobadindi, eee panini british prabhutvaaniki bahumatigaa ivvaalane kalakarudi uddesaanni neraverchutuu, adhi "desham kosam" undaalani nokki cheppi, "londonlo ekkado oka chota" pradarsinchabadindi. 1959loe srushtinchabadina moodava taaraaganam harareloni zimbabwe jaateeya archives maidaanamlo undhi.
praja shilpa rangamlo wats aasayaaniki parakashtaga, "bhouthika shakti" anedi maanava chaitanyam mariyu sreyassu kosam maanavatvam yokka nirantara pooraataaniki oka upamaanam; idhi "bhouthika vishayaala rangamlo inca saadhinchaleni vaatini vetakadaaniki aaa ashanti laeni saareeraka preranaku chihnam" anie ayana annaru. goppa kalanu pondadam valla deshaaniki apaaramaina prayojanaalu labhistaayane kalakarudi nammakanni kooda idhi sakaram chesindi.
veerochita aatma tyaagam yokka smaaraka chihnam.
raajakutumbaaniki abhimaaniyaina ayana, 1887loe victoria raani swarnothsavaalanu puraskarinchukuni itarula praanaalanu kapadi maraninchina, marachipoyina saadhaarana prajala ghnaapakaartham veerochita aatmabalidaanam smaaraka chihnanni erpaatu cheyaalani pratipaadinchaaru. aaa samayamlo eee pathakam aamodinchabadaledu, conny 1898loe seyint botalphs aldersgate charchi yokka vikar ayina henry joodam dwara vaatlanu sampradinchaaru. london nagaramloni postman paarkulo eee smaaraka chihnanni nirminchavacchani ayana suuchimchaaru.
eee smaaraka chihnam 1900loe asampoorna sthithilo aavishkarinchabadindi, indulo ernest georg roopondinchina 50 adugula (15 mea) chekka lagzia undhi, idhi vilium dii morgaon roopondinchina mariyu tayaaru chesina 120 syramic smaaraka palakalaku sthalamtho kuudina godaku aasrayam istundi. praarambhinchae samayamlo, smaaraka palakalalo naalugu matrame unnaayi. 1904loe wats maraninchaadu, athani vitantuvu maerii wats eee project nirvahananu chepattaru.
swaagatam.
ayana maraninchina koddikaalaanike vaatla yokka aneka gouravapradamaina jeevita charitralu vrayabaddayi; mariyu okati (g dwara. keey. chesterton) ayana maraninchina samvatsaram praarambhamlo. ayithe, aadhunikavaadam aavirbhaavamto, athani keerti ksheeninchindi. virginia woolf yokka haasya natakam "manchineeti neeru" atanini vyangya paddhatiloo chithreekarinchindi, eee vidhananni wats gallery maajee curator wilfred blunt thana gouravapradamaina 1975 jeevita charitra "ingland yokka maikhelanjelo" loe kooda anusarinchaaru. 1988loe raskin paie raasina thana pustakamlo, kalaa vimarsakudu peater phular, wats yokka aadhyaatmika mariyu saileekruta praamukhyatanu nokkichepparu, alaage "dhi savar off dhi systems" vanti chivari sanketha-anantara rachanalu nairoopya anchuku minchi vistarinchi unnayani kooda paerkonnaaru. ayana maraninchina shatabdi sandarbhamgaa veronica franklin gouled "zii" nuu prachurinchaaru. eff. whats dhi laast grate victorian, "athani jeevitam mariyu pani gurinchi saanukuula adhyayanam.
swarakarta charless villiers stanford thana aarava symphonyni "memorium zii loe" raasaadu. eff. wats ". idhi 1905loe swaraparachabadindi mariyu stanford darsakatvamlo 1906 janavari 18naa londonlo modatisaari pradarsinchabadindi. naalugu udyamaalu, vivaranaatmaka karyakramam laenappatikee, vaatlache aneka kalaakrutula nundi prerana pondaayi.
vaatsku mariyu athani rachanalaku sambandhinchina saahitya soochanalalo elizabeth taylor yokka 1953 navala "angel" unnaayi, indulo vaatsku chendina chitraanni kathaanaayakudu praantiiya museumku viraalamgaa icchaadu, mariyu robbert hitchens (1909, p. 34). linne trus yokka haasya navala "tennison bahumati" (1996) loe vaat (puurtigaa anukuulamainadi kaadu) oka paatragaa undhi.
bahya linkulu.
, enimidi punarutpattulato rangulo. (vilium loftus kundelu dwara)