
hugg trever-rapar

hyoog redwald trever-rapar, baaran docker off glanton, (15 janavari 1914-26 janavari 2003) oka aangla charitrakaarudu. athanu oxford vishwavidhyaalayamlo aadhunika charitraku regious professorga panicheesaadu.
trever-rapar aneka chaaritraka amsaalapai, mukhyamgaa 16va mariyu 17va sataabdaalaloo ingland mariyu naajii germanypai vivaadaaspada mariyu vyaasakarta. zaan kenyon drushtilo, "konni [trever-rapar] chinna vyasalu itara purushula pustakaala kante gatam gurinchi manam aalochinche vidhananni ekkuvagaa prabhaavitam chesaayi". dheenini richard devenport-heins mariyu aadam sisman "hugg trever-rapar nundi vanda lekhalu" (2014) parichayamlo pratidhvaninchaaruh "athani prachuranalalo ekkuva bhaagam baleeyamainavi... ayana vyasalalo konni victorian podavainavi. avanni pedda vishayalanu vaati saaraamsaaniki taggistaayi. vaarilo chaalaa mandhi... chivariki tama polaalanu marchukunnaru."marovaipu, ayana jeevita charitrakaarudu aadam sisman kooda ilaa vraasaaru," oka goppa charitrakaarudi lakshanam emitante, ayana swayamgaa roopondinchina amsampai goppa pustakaalu raastaaru. eee khachitamaina praamaanika hugg viphalamaindi."
trever-rapar yokka atyanta vaanijyaparamgaa vijayavantamaina pustakam "dhi laast days off hitler" (1947) anae paerutoe undhi. hitler yokka bunker chivari rojullo emi jarigindo telusukovadaaniki 1945loe british intelligence adhikariga ayana chesina niyamakam nundi idhi udbhavinchindi. aneka mandhi saakshulatoe interviewlu mariyu manugadalo unna patraala adhyayanam nundi, athanu hitler chanipoyadani mariyu berlin nundi tappinchukoledani niroopinchaadu. hitler niyantrutvam samarthavanthamaina ekikruta yantram kaadani, ativyaapti chendutunna pratyarthula hodge-padge anie kooda ayana chuupimchaaru.
1983loe hitler diarylu nakileevigaa chuupabadataaniki kontakaalam mundu dhruvikarinchinappudu trever-rapar yokka keerti "teevramgaa debbatindi".
prarambha jeevitam mariyu vidya.
trever-rapar inglaandlooni northamberlandloni glantonlo janminchaadu, cathleen elizabeth davidson (1964loe maraninchindi) mariyu berty vilium edward trever-rapar (1885-1978), oka vaidyudu, henry rapar, 8va baaran teinham nundi vacchaadu, athanu anne (aame rendava bhartha) 16va baroness daakarnu vivaham chesukunnadu. trever-rapar "aanandinchaaru (conny chaalaa teevramgaa kaadu)... athanu surr thamus more yokka alludu mariyu jeevita charitrakaarudu ayina vilium rapar yokka anushangika varasudu anie... kevalam dozenu mandhi jeevitaalu (vaatilo chaalaa varaku vruddha avivaahitulavi) matrame tananu teinham peerejnu vaarasatvamgaa pondakunda vaeru chesayani baludiga aayanaku telusu."
trever-rapar sodarudu patrick pramukha kanti shastravaidyudu mariyu swalinga samparkula hakkula kaaryakarta ayyadu. trever-rapar belhaven hill school, charter house mariyu oxfordloni christ charchilo chaduvukunnadu, akkada athanu modati classiclanu ("litera humaniores"), taruvaata aadhunika charitranu chadivaadu. athanu 1934loe shaastreeya moderationlalo modati sthaanamlo nilichaadu mariyu classiclalo craven, dhi ireland mariyu hertford scholarshiplanu geluchukunnadu. praarambhamlo, athanu classiclalo thana vruttini praarambhinchaalani anukunnadu, conny oxfordloni classic course yokka panditya saanketika amsaalugaa athanu bhaavinchina daanitoe visugu chendhi, charitraku maaradu, akkada athanu 1936loe pradhama-taragati gowravaalanu pondaadu. oxfordlo unnappudu, athanu pratyaekamaina stubs societylo sabhyudiga unnadu mariyu apolo vishwavidyaalaya ladgelo freemesonga praarambhinchabaddaadu. 
1937loe, athanu christ charchi nundi oxford looni merton kalaasaalaku research phelo kaavadaaniki vellaadu. ayana modati pustakam 1940loe arch bishop vilium laad jeevita charitra, dheenilo ayana prasamsalu chuttoo unna aneka avagahanalanu savaalu chesaaru.
sainika seva mariyu rendava prapancha yuddham.
trever-rapar oxford vishwavidyaalayam yokka officer training corps loe sabhyudu, officer cadet corporal hodaaku cherukunnadu. 1939 fibravari 28naa, athanu british sainyamlo rendava leftinentga, aaa hodaalo senioritytho 1938 aktobaru 1 nundi niyaminchabaddaadu, mariyu oxford vishwavidyaalayam yokka otisi yokka aswikadalam vibhaagaaniki anubandhinchabaddaadu. 1940 juulai 15naa, athanu yuddhamlo gananeeyamaina leftinentga padoonnati pondaadu mariyu intelligence corps, praadaesika sainyaniki badilee cheyabaddaadu.
rendava prapancha yuddham samayamlo, athanu rahasya nigha seva yokka radeo bhadrata sevalo adhikariga panicheesaadu, aapai german nigha seva "abver" nundi sandeshaalanu addaginchaadu. 1940 praarambhamlo, trever-rapar mariyu ii. doubleu. bii. gill eee antarayalalo konnintini decrypt chesindi, padaartham yokka auchityaanni pradarsistundi mariyu traafiknu decrypt cheyadaaniki bletchley park prayatnaalanu prerepinchindi. abvehr" traaphik nundi vacchina medhassu taruvaata double-cross vyavasthatho sahaa aneka karyakalapalalo mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchindi.
athanu chaalaa mandhi yuddhaaniki mundu vruttiparamaina nigha adhikaarula abhiprayanni takkuvagaa kaligi unnadu, conny 1939 taruvaata niyamakalalo kontamandilo unnata sthaayini kaligi unnadu. dhi filby afair" (1968) loe trever-rapar vaadistuu, soviet guudachaari kimm filby "abver", german military intelligence adhipati admiral wilhelm canaris, naajii palananu padagottadaaniki mariyu british prabhutvamtho charchalu jarapadaniki chesina prayatnaalanu anagadokkagala sthithilo eppuduu laedani vaadinchaaru.
hitler chivari rojulanu parisoedhinchandi.
1945 navambarulo, adolph hitler maranam yokka paristhitulanu parisoedhinchadaaniki mariyu hitler sajeevamgaa unnaadani mariyu paschimaana nivasistunnadani soviet pracharanni khandinchadaaniki berlinloni british sectarlo counter-intelligence adhipati dick white trever-raaparnu aadesinchaadu. majer aughtan" anae maaruperunu upayoginchi, trever-rapar, hitlertho kalisi "furerbunker" loe unna mariyu berned freetag vaan loringhovento sahaa paschimaaniki tappinchukogaligina aneka mandhi unnata mariyu diguva sthaayi adhikaarulanu interview chesaaru ledhaa prasnalanu siddham chesaaru.
trever-rapar chaalaa varaku vandalaadi british, american mariyu kenadian intelligence adhikaarula parisoedhanalu mariyu interviewlapai aadharapaddadu. aayanaku soviet samagri andubaatulo ledhu. vaegamgaa panicheestuu, trever-rapar thana nivedikanu roopondinchaadu, idhi athani atyanta prasiddha pustakam, "dhi laast days off hitler" kuu aadhaaramgaa panichesindi, dheenilo athanu hitler jeevitamlooni chivari padhi rojulu mariyu kontamandi unnata sthaayi sabhyula bhavishyattunu vivarinchaadu. trever-rapar sakshyalanu vyangya haasyam mariyu naatakamtho saahitya rachanaga marcharu, mariyu aayanaku ishtamaina iddaru charitrakaarulu edward gibbon mariyu lard makaale yokka gadya sailulache chaalaa prabhaavitamayyaaru.
yuddha neeraala vichaaranalu mugisina ventane prachurana kosam 1946loe british adhikarulu eee pustakaanni aamodinchaaru. idhi 1947loe aanglamlo prachurinchabadindi; aaru aangla sanchikalu mariyu aneka videshee bhasha sanchikalu anusarinchaayi. american paatrikeyudu raan rosenbaum prakaram, trever-raaparku hebrulo raasina lisban nundi oka lekha andindi, indulo hitler chivari rojulalo atanini kathinamaina muthaa hatya chestundani, idhi hitlarnu "rakshasudu" vyaktigaa chithreekarinchindani vaaru vishwasinchaaru, ayithe hitlarnu anusarinchina saadhaarana germanlanu veedaaru, dheeni kosam athanu maranaaniki arhudani chepparu. trever-rapar thana oka pustakaaniki idhi ippativaraku andukunna atyanta teevramaina pratispandana anie tanaku cheppaarani rosenbaum nivedinchaadu.
communism vyatiraekata.
juun 1950loe, trever-rapar berlinlo jarigina communist vyatiraeka medhaavula samavesaniki sidney hook, zhe. melvin thoo kalisi hajarayyaru. lasky, ignazio silone, orther coastler, raymond aaron mariyu franz borkenou phalitamgaa saamskrutika swechcha kosam siah front group congress mariyu daani patrika "encounter" sthaapinchabadindi. 1950luu mariyu 1960laloe, athanu "encounter" kuu tarachugaa sahakarinchevaadu, conny daani sahakaarulalo kondari, mukhyamgaa coastler mariyu borkenou yokka athi-vilakshanhamaina swaramgaa athanu bhaavinche daani gurinchi abhyantaraalu kaligi unnadu.
chaaritraka charchalu mariyu vivaadaalu.
trever-rapar thana spashtamaina mariyu kathinamaina rachana sailiki prasiddhi chendaadu. sameekshalu mariyu vyasalalo ayana karunaleni vyangyamgaa, thana apahaasyamlo vinaasakaramaina vyaktigaa undavacchu. arnald zhe. paie daadi cheyadam. udaaharanaku, toinby yokka "charitra adhyayanam", trever-rapar, toinby tananu taanu "yavvana pralobhaalu; missionary prayaanaalu; adbhutaalu; velladikalu; vedana" thoo puurti chesina messiyagaa paerkonnaadani aaropinchaadu.
trever-rapar kosam, prarambha aadhunika airopa yokka pradhana itivruttaalu daani medho chaitanyam, mariyu protestant mariyu catholic raashtraala madhya godavalu, rendodi aardhikamgaa mariyu rajyangaparamga munupati kante ekkuva. trever-rapar drushtilo, prarambha aadhunika airopa yokka maroka itivruttam kaalaneela roopamlo videshaalalo vistarana mariyu samskarana mariyu ghnaanoodayam roopamlo medho vistarana. trever-rapar drushtilo, 16va mariyu 17va sataabdaala mantragatte vaetanu chivariki samskarana yokka mataparamaina viluvalu mariyu ghnaanoodayam ayina daani yokka hetubaddhamaina vidhanam madhya sangharshanaku tirigi gurtinchavacchu.
charitranu oka kalagaa ardham chesukovalani, vignaana saastramgaa kaadani, vijayavantamaina charitrakaarudi lakshanam ooha anie trever-rapar vaadinchaaru. gatam anedi nirantara purogati ledhaa nirantara ksheenata katha kaadu, conny aaa samayamlo vyaktulu chesina empikala paryavasanamga charitra aakasmikatato nindi undani ayana bhaavinchaaru. prarambha aadhunika airopa adhyayanaalalo, trever-rapar raajakeeya charitrapai pratyaekamgaa drushti pettaledu, conny raajakeeya, medho, saamaajika mariyu matha dhoranula madhya paraspara charyanu pariseelinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu. ayana ishtapade bhaava prakatana madhyamam pustakam kante vyaasam. 1950luu mariyu 1960laloe raasina saamaajika charitralo thana vyasalalo, trever-rapar french annals paatasaala, mukhyamgaa fernand broadel rachanalache prabhaavitamayyaadu mariyu "annals" paatasaala panini aanglam matlade prapanchaaniki parichayam cheyadaaniki chaalaa chesaadu. 1950laloe, trever-rapar broudel mariyu migilina paatasaala chaalaa vinootna chaaritraka pani chestunnayani, conny "chaaritraka vishayaalalo, tirogamana praantiiya upputerugaa migilipoyina oxford nundi puurtigaa minahaayinchabaddaayani" raasaaru.
aangla poura yuddham.
trever-rapar abhiprayam prakaram, puritanlu mariyu arminianla madhya vivaadam aangla antaryuddhaaniki pradhana kaaranam, conny ekaika kaaranam kaadu. ataniki, swechcha mariyu mundastu nirnayam mariyu matakarmalaku vyatiraekamgaa bodhinchadam yokka paatra vanti samasyalapai vivaadam undedi; taruvaata matrame eee vivaadam ingland charchi yokka nirmaanaaniki sambandhinchina vishayamgaa maarindi. puritanlu saamaanyulaku praadhaanyatanistuu marinta vikendrikruta mariyu samanatva charchini korukunnaru, ayithe arminianlu daivika hakku mariyu swechcha dwara mokshaaniki praadhaanyatanistuu sopaanakramamtho kuudina kramabaddhamaina charchini korukunnaru.
prarambha aadhunika britton charitrakaarudigaa, trever-rapar laurence stone mariyu christopher hill vanti thoti charitrakaarulato vivaadaalaku prasiddhi chendaadu, ayana daadi chesina aangla antaryuddham gurinchi bhouthikavaadi (mariyu kontavaraku "anivaarya jabita") vivaranalu icchaaru. trever-rapar, charitrakaarulu aarr. thoo vivaadamaina, gentry ("gentry vivaadam" anie kooda pilustaaru) paie chaaritraka tuphaanulo pramukha aatagadu. hetch. aangla antaryuddhaaniki mundu sataabdamloo aangla kuleenulu aardhikamgaa diguvaku ledhaa paiki vellae maargamlo unnara mariyu idhi aaa yuddhaaniki kaaranamayyelaa sahayapadinda anae daani gurinchi tawney und stone.
raallu, tawney mariyu kondalu kuleenulu aardhikamgaa perugutunnaarani, idhi antaryuddhaaniki kaaranamaindani vaadinchaaru. karyalaya yajamaanulu mariyu nyaayavaadulu abhivruddhi chendutunnappatiki, takkuva mandhi kuleenulu ksheenistunnaarani trever-rapar vaadinchaaru. zhe chuttoo charitra purushula moodava samuuham. hetch. hexter mariyu geophrey elton, poura yuddhaaniki kaaranaalaku kuleenulatoo sambandham ledani vaadinchaaru. 1948loe, tawney yokka theesisku maddatugaa raatitoe munduku vacchina oka kaagitam meeda trever-rapar teevramgaa daadi chesaadu, athanu tudor prabhuvula runa samasyalanu raayi atisayokti chesindani choopinchaadu. perugutunna kuleenulu mariyu ksheenistunna prabhuvula gurinchi tawney siddhaantaalanu kooda ayana tiraskarinchaaru, sakshyalanu enchukunnanduku taanu doshini anie mariyu ganaamkaalanu tappugaa ardham chesukunnanani vaadinchaaru.
rendava prapancha yuddham mariyu hitler.
trever-rapar arnald zhe. munduku tecchina charitra tatvaalapai daadi chesaaru. toinby mariyu ii. hetch. kaar, alaage athani sahodyogi eah. zhe. pii. rendava prapancha yuddham yokka muulaala gurinchi taylor yokka kathanam. adolph hitlerku lakshyalu unnaya anae prasnapai taylor mariyu alan eddulatoe maroe vivaadam jarigindi. 1950laloe, trever-rapar eddunu siddhaantakarta trever-rapar anie nammadaniki badulugaa "mountebank" gaa chithreekarinchinanduku atanini teevramgaa vimarsinchaadu. 1961loe taylor thana pustakam "dhi origines off dhi second varald waar" loe eddula maadirigaane hitler chitraanni andinchinappudu, charcha konasaagindi. catholic charchipai trever-rapar padepade kathinamaina daadulaku kopamgaa unna navala rachayita mariyu catholic matamarpidi chesina evelin vaa thoo maroka vairam erpadindi.
hitler prapanchaanni jayinchadame lakshyamgaa pettukunnaarani vaadinchina vaari madhya mariyu athanu airopanu matrame jayinchaalani korukunnadani vaadinchina vaari madhya jarigina prapancheekarana-khandantara charchalo, trever-rapar pramukha khandaantaravaadulalo okaru. prapanchavaada kesu dasabdaluga hitler chesina vyakhyalanu chedaragottadaanni oka pranaalikagaa maarchadaaniki prayatninchindi anie ayana vaadinchaaru. thana vislaeshanhaloo, "maine compf" loe paerkonnatlugaa, airopa aadhipatyam matrame sthiramaina lakshya hitler korukunnaru."american charitrakaarudu lucie davidoviz" "holocast und historists" "(1981) loe british charitrakaarudu david sesarani" "yaad hominim daadi" "anie pilichina daanini andinchaadu, naajii germanypai thana rachanalalo trever-rapar naajii yoodula vyatiraekata patla udaaseenata chuupimchaadani vrasadu, endukante athanu oka snobish yoodula vyatiraekudu, athanu aaru millionla yoodula hatya gurinchi udaaseenata chuupimchaadani aame nammadu". trever-rapar meeda yoodu vyatiraekata aaropinchadam davidoviz tappu anie sesarani raasaadu, ayithe aame vimarsalo nijam yokka amsam undani vaadinchaaru, andulo "shoh" anedi trever-raaparku oka blind-spot anie vaadinchaaru.
trever-rapar chaalaa drudamaina "uddesapurvaka" vyakti, athanu hitlarnu gambheeramaina, konchem visugu chendina alochanaparuduga pariganinchaadu, athanu 1924 nundi 1945loe athani maranam varaku, "russiapy vijayam, slavla nirmuulana mariyu aangleyula valasarajyala" patla makkuva chuupaadu. thana 1962 vyaasam "dhi mind off adolph hitler" loe, trever-rapar mallii eddunu vimarsinchaaru, "mister kooda. eddunu vyaktigata shakti patla aparimita kaamamtho matrame chaitanyam pondina paisaachika saahasopetudigaa pariganinchadamlo santruptigaa unnatlu anipistundi... hitler oka kramabaddhamaina aalochanaaparudu mariyu athani manassu, charitrakaarudiki, bismark ledhaa lenin manassu vale mukhyamainadi ". hyuustan stevert chamberline rachanala nundi "jion yokka vidvaamsulaina peddala niyamaavali" varaku, vistruta shreni yoodu vyatiraeka saahityam aadhaaramgaa, germanyni prapanchamlone goppa saktigaa maarchadaaniki mariyu yoodulu mariyu baanisala vanti satruvulanu nirmuulinchadaaniki pilupunicche jaatyahankaara bhavajaalaanni hitler nirminchaadani trever-rapar paerkonnaadu.
trever-rapar, hitler yokka manassu "oka bhayankaramaina drugvishayam, daani granite kathinathalo nijamgaa vidhinchinappatikii, daani vividha kambarlo anantamaina chettha, konni bhaarii barbarian monolith laaga; bhaarii balam mariyu krooramaina medhavi yokka vyakteekarana; chuttoo chettha, paatha tinlu mariyu krimulu, buudida mariyu gudlachekkalu mariyu arder, sataabdaala medhoparamaina vighaatam". trever-rapar, edduku viruddhamgaa, hitlarnu taanu cheppina daani gurinchi gambheeramgaa unna vyaktigaa bhaavinchaadani, ayithe adhe samayamlo, trever-rapar kontha verri nayakudiga, verri vidhaanaalanu verriga anusaristuu, hitlarnu chithreekarinchadam, kaneesam trever-rapar rachanala aadhaaramgaa, hitlarnu teevramgaa pariganinchadam kashtamani viruddhamgaa ardham anie sesarani raasaaru. trever-rapar naajeela patla mariyu vaaru nilabade pratidaanipai thana dvesham mariyu tiraskaaramlo nijaayiteegaa unnaadani, ayithe jaateeya saamyavaadamlo saampradaaya german unnatavargaala prameyam mariyu prameyam gurinchi vraasetappudu ataniki chaalaa ibbandi undani sesarani paerkonnaadu, endukante germanyloni saampradaaya unnatavargaalu aneka vidhaluga british sthaapanatho chaalaa saaruupyata kaligi unnaayi, idhi trever-rapar chaalaa balamgaa gurtinchindi.
eee vishayamlo, sesarani, "hitler chivari rojullo" trever-rapar german aardhika mantri, count lutz schwerin vaan crossigk yokka chitramlo mukhyamgaa avamaanakaramainadani chaalaa bahirgatam chesadani vaadinchaaru, trever-rapar "oxfordlo roads panditudu, conny athanu daani viluvalalo dheninee pondaledu" anie paerkonnaadu. sesarani ilaa vraasaadu, "anduvalla, oxford vishwavidyaalayam yokka viluvalu hitler yokka reach viluvalaku vyatiraeka dhruvamlo nilabaddayi, mariyu naajeeyism yokka bhayankaramaina swabhaavaaniki oka kaaranam adhi vaatini panchukoledu". trever-rapar sampradaayavaadulaku maddatu icchi, thana rojulanu oka tory life-peerga muginchinappatikii, athanu vistrutamgaa udaravadiga matladutunnadani, britton daani udaaravaadam kaaranamgaa goppa desham anie nammadani sesarani paerkonnaadu. eee nepathyam kaaranamgaa, trever-rapar sahajamgaane udaaravaada prajaswaamyaanni britton naajii germanyki saapamgaa bhaavinchaadani sesarani raasaaru. seejarani muginchaaru "...sadgunavantulaina british udaaravaadam yokka bhramanu konasaaginchadaaniki, hitlarnu itara raajakeeya nayakula maadirigaane oka raajaneetignudigaa ledhaa samaanatvam laeni rakshasudiga, mariyu athanitho vyaparam chesina vaarini varusaga vyaavahaarikasattaavaadulagaa ledhaa mosagaallugaa chithreekarinchaalsi vachindi. naajii samaajamlooni prati pravahanni vilakshanamgaa marchagaligela chartu cheyagaligithe, adhi britaintho panchukunna yoodula vyatiraeka jaatyahankaaraanni telivigaa nivaarinchaaru ".
17va sataabdapu saadhaarana sankshobham.
trever-rapar pracharam chesina oka mukhyamaina thesis "17va sataabdapu saadhaarana sankshobham". paschima airopalo 17va sataabdam madhya samvatsaraalalo janabha, saamaajika, matha, aardhika, raajakeeya samasyala kaaranamgaa rajakeeyaalu, aardhika vyavastha, samajam vistrutamgaa vichchinnamayyaayani ayana vaadinchaaru. eee "saadhaarana sankshobham" loe, aangla antaryuddham, fraanslooni "fronde", germanylo muppai samvatsaraala yuddham yokka paraakaashta, netherlandsloni samasyalu mariyu portugees, naples mariyu catalonialo spanish kiriitaaniki vyatiraekamgaa jarigina tirugubaatlu vanti vividha sanghatanalu oke samasyalaku vyakteekaranalu. trever-rapar abhiprayam prakaram "saadhaarana sankshobhaaniki" atyanta mukhyamaina kaaranaalu "kortu" mariyu "desham" madhya sangharshanhalu; antey, perugutunna saktivantamaina kendrikarana, bureaucratic, saarvabhouma samsthaanaalu, kortu praatinidhyam vahistunna, mariyu deshaaniki praatinidhyam vahistunna saampradaaya, praantiiya, bhuu-aadhaarita kuleenulu mariyu kuleenula madhya. adanamgaa, samskaranalu mariyu punarujjeevanam dwara pravesapettabadina mataparamaina mariyu medhoparamaina maarpulu "saadhaarana sankshobhaaniki" mukhyamaina dviteeya kaaranaalu anie ayana annaru.
saadhaarana sankshobham" siddhaantam eee siddhaantaaniki maddatudaarulaku, mariyu "saadhaarana sankshobham" undani athanitho ekibhavinchina marxist charitrakaarudu eric hobsbaum vanti vaari madhya vivaadaanni srushtinchindi, conny 17va sataabdapu airopa samasyalanu trever-rapar anumatinchina daanikante ekkuva aardhika muulam anie chusindi. moodava vargam edainaa "saadhaarana sankshobham" undani khandinchindi, udaaharanaku dutch charitrakaarudu aivo scofer, danish charitrakaarudu neels steinsgard mariyu soviet charitrakaarudu eah. dii. lublinskaya. trever-rapar yokka "saadhaarana sankshobham" thesis chaalaa charchanu rekettinchindi, mariyu 17va sataabdapu charitralo roland mousnier, zhe vanti nipunulanu nadipinchindi. hetch. elliot, laurence stone, ii. hetch. coseman, eric hobsbavm mariyu zhe. hetch. siddhaantam yokka laabhanashtaalaku maddatugaa hexter maarutundi.
konnisaarlu charcha chaalaa vedekkindi; italian marxist charitrakaarudu rosario villari, trever-rapar mariyu mousnier rachanala gurinchi matladutu, ilaa perkonnaduh "adhikara vyavastha vistarana mariyu rashtra avasaraala madhya asamatulyata yokka parikalpana aamodayogyamgaa undataaniki chaalaa aspashtamgaa undhi, mariyu samarthavanthamaina vislaeshanha kante oka nirdishta rakamaina raajakeeya sampradaayavaadaaniki vilakshanhamaina, penchina vaakchaaturyampai aadharapadi untundi."villari aangla viplavam (aangla antaryuddhaaniki saadhaarana marxist padam) anie piliche daani praamukhyatanu trever-rapar tagginchaadani villari aaropinchaadu, mariyu" "saadhaarana sankshobham" "airopa antataa viplavaatmaka udyamamlo bhagamani pattubattaru". trever-rapar yokka maroka marxist vimarsakudu, soviet charitrakaarudu a. dii. lublinskaya, "kortu" mariyu "desham" madhya sangharshana anae bhavananu kalpitamgaa daadi chesi, "saadhaarana sankshobham" ledani vaadinchindi; badulugaa "saadhaarana sankshobham" anie pilavabadedi kevalam pettubadidaarii vidhanam aavirbhavam anie aame perkondi.
modati prapancha yuddham.
1973loe, zaan rohl raasina oka pustakaaniki mundumaatalo trever-rapar modati prapancha yuddhaaniki germany ekkuvagaa kaaranamani abhiprayanni dhruveekarinchaaru. 1914loe yuddham prarambhamavadam anni goppa saktula tappu anae siddhaantaanni oppinchadaaniki chaalaa mandhi british charitrakaarulu anumatinchaarani trever-rapar raasaaru. eee siddhaantaanni german prabhutvam patraalanu empika chesina prachurana vidhanam dwara prothsahinchabadindani, chaalaa mandhi german charitrakaarulu "sweeya-sensorship" vidhaanamlo sahayapadi, prothsahinchaarani ayana paerkonnaaru. yuddhaaniki german baadhyatanu choopinche rendu gatamlo rahasya patraalanu kanugoni prachurinchinanduku athanu rohlnu prasamsimchaadu.
byaak house moesaala.
1973loe, rendava prapancha yuddhamlo beijingloo swiss consulga unna swiss doutyavetta reinhard hopley adupulo unna aanglam, french, latin mariyu chainees mishramamlo sinologist surr edmond byaak house (1873-1944) raasina "decadence mandchou" anae vraatapratulanu pariseelinchadaaniki switzerlandnu sandarsinchadaaniki trever-raaparnu aahvaninchaaru. 1943loe thana snehitudi inti intivaaru "decadence mandchou" icchina hoppley, daani laingika spashtamaina content kaaranamgaa daanini prachurinchalekapoyadu. conny 1973 natiki sensorship taggadam mariyu swalinga samparkula hakkula udyamam peragadam antey oka prachuranakarta "decadence mandchou" nuu marketloki vidudala cheyadaaniki siddhamgaa unnaarani ardham. ayithe, alaa cheyadaaniki mundu, maajee mi6 adhikariga rahasya vyavaharalalo nipunudaina trever-rapar, vachanamlo unna konni vintha vaadanalanu pariseelinchaalani vaaru korukunnaru.
udaaharanaku, beijing looni british doutyavettala bharyalu mariyu kumartelu tama kukkalaku sikshana icchi, vaatipai sunnellingus pradarsinchadaaniki nakkalanu longadeesukunnaarani, phosistic byaak house british "ksheenata" kuu saakshyamgaa upayoginchindani, idhi rendava prapancha yuddhamlo athanu germany mariyu japaanlaku enduku maddatu istundo vivarinchindani byaak house "decadence mandchou" loe perkondi. trever-rapar "decadence mandchou" nuu "asleela" mariyu "asleela" anie piliche vraatapratulanu graphic vivaraalatoe kuudina laingika encounterlaku sambandhinchina backhousega gananeeyamaina ayishtatatho pariganinchaadu, athanu french kavi paal verline, airish naataka rachayita askar wild, wild yokka premikudu lard alfred douglus, french kavi orther rimbad, russian ballet nartakudu vaslav nizinsky, british pradhana mantri lard rosebury mariyu chaina saamraagni dovajar sixito tananu taanu balavantam chesukunnadani paerkonnaadu.
byaak house kooda russian navala rachayita leo tolstoy mariyu french nati saaraa bernhardtlaku snehitudigaa unnatlu perkondi. taruvaati rendu samvatsaraalu, trever-rapar oka odissilo palgonnadu, adhi atanni britton, france, switzerland, united states, kenada mariyu chaina antataa teesukelli, antuchikkani byaak house evaro anae rahasyanni vippadaniki prayatninchaadu. 1898 mariyu 1944loe athani maranam madhya byaak house sinologist gaa, chainaalooni aneka british mariyu american companylaku vyapara agentga, british guudachaarigaa, tupaki-rannarga mariyu anuvaadakudigaa panicheesaaru, chivaraku rendava prapancha yuddhamlo chainaalo thana rojulanu muginche mundu fascistga mariyu grate britannu naasanam chese aksha vijayam kosam utsaahamgaa korukune japanese sahakariga panicheesaaru. trever-rapar, byaak house swalinga samparkam mariyu swalinga samparkulanu himsimchae naajii germany vidhanam unnappatikee, byaak house thana sonta desham patla teevramaina dvesham, thana krooramaina-masochistic laingika avasaraalatoe patuga, byaak house "faasist yokka krooramaina, conny ippatikee vikrutamaina purushatvamtho abhimanam mariyu kaligi undataaniki" aatrutagaa undani paerkonnaadu.
tudi phalitam trever-rapar yokka atyanta vijayavantamaina taruvaati pustakaalalo okati, athani 1976 jeevitacharitra byaak house, modata "eah hiden life" anae paerutoe, conny tvaralo britton mariyu US loe "dhi hermit off pecking" gaa tirigi prachurinchabadindi. byaak house chaalaa kaalamgaa chainaalo prapanchamlooni pramukha nipunudigaa pariganinchabadindi. thana jeevitacharitralo, trever-rapar surr edmond jeevita kathalo adhika bhaganni mariyu dadapuga athani paandityaanni mosam anie bahirgatam chesaadu. decadence mandchou" loe, byaak house athanu oxfordlo under graduatega unnappudu wild kosam defence nyaayavaadulaku chellinchadaaniki dabbunu sekarinchadaaniki chesina prayatnaala gurinchi matladadu. byaak house nijamgaa wild defence fund kosam dabbunu sekarinchinappatiki, athanu khareedaina aabharanaalanu, mukhyamgaa mutyaala necklesslanu konugolu cheyadaaniki kharchu chesadani trever-rapar sthaapinchaadu, ivi byaak house yokka pratyeka abhiruchi. wild defence fund kosam byaak house sekarinchina dabbu eee durviniyogam 1895loe britton nundi paaripovadaaniki daariteesindi. byaak housenu oka muulamgaa apakeerti cheyadam valla chaina charitralo ekkuva bhaagam paschimaana tirigi vraayabadataaniki daariteesindi. venukabhagam yuvaraju ronglunu paschima deshaalaku snehitudigaa, baxerlaku satruvugaa chithreekarinchindi, dheeniki viruddhamgaa idhi nijam.
baxer tirugubaatulo bhaarata dalaalu kaalchadaaniki mundu ching inti nundi dochukunnatlu perkonna ching shaan yokka "diary" loe, baxerlaku prabhutvam maddatu ivvadam gurinchi prins ronglu frenchlo ilaa paerkonnaadani trever-rapar perkonnaduh "idhi neram kante ghoramainadi; idhi porapaatu."maanchu mariyu manderine matrame telisina yuvaraju ronglu-prasiddha french vyakteekarananu utamkimchadam chaalaa arudu anie trever-rapar vaadinchaaru, conny byaak house frenchlo anargalamgaa undani paerkonnaaru. byaak house manderine mariyu contonese bhaashalalo anargalamgaa matladevadu, thana jeevitamlo ekkuva bhaagam beijing loe gadipadu mariyu chainaku vellina taruvaata paaschaatya dustulu dharinchadaaniki niraakarinchaadu, badulugaa chainees manderine gaunu dharinchadaaniki praadhaanyata icchaadu, idhi chaalaa mandhi paaschaatyulu byaak house chaina gurinchi "telusu" anie anukovadaniki daariteesindi. trever-rapar chainees patla thana uparitala aapyaayata kanipinchinappatikii, chainapai byaak house raasina vaatilo chaalaa varaku paaschaatya "pasupu pramaadam" muusapoetalanu dhruveekarinchadaaniki suukshmamgaa panicheesaayani paerkonnaadu, endukante byaak house chaineeyulanu rogalakshanamgaa nijayiti laenivaaru, laingikamgaa vikrutamainavaaru, naitikamgaa avineetiparulugaa mariyu saadhaaranamgaa mosapuuritamainavaaru mariyu mosapuritamainavaarugaa chitreekarinchaaru-sankshiptamgaa, byaak house kosam chainees nagarikata chaalaa anaarogya nagarikata.
oxford karyakalapalu.
1960loe, trever-rapar oxford vishwavidyaalayam chhaansalar padavi kosam, maris baura marshal chesina sabhala adhipatula maddatutoe surr olivar frankla abhyardhitvaaniki vyatiraekamgaa vijayavantamaina pracharam chesadu, badulugaa appati pradhana mantri harrold macmillan ennika kaavadaaniki sahayapaddadu. 1964loe, trever-rapar thana snehitudu surr keeth failing 80va puttinaroju gouravaartham oka "festshrift" nuu savarinchaadu. 1970loe, athanu "dhi letters off mercurious" anae rachayita, idhi 1960la chivaralo vidyaarthi tirugubaatlu mariyu vishwavidyaalaya rajakeeyaalapai vyangya rachana, idhi modata "dhi spectator" loe lettersga prachurinchabadindi.
africa charitrapai charchalu.
charitrapai trever-rapar drukpatham mariyu vivaadaanni prerepinchina panditula parisoedhanaloo maroe amsam, puurva-aksharaasyata samaajaala chaaritraka anubhavaala gurinchi ayana chesina prakatana. anagarika tegala chetilo roman saamrajyam pathanampai voltair chesina vyakhyalanu anusarinchi, european anveshana mariyu valasarajyala sthaapanaku mundu africaku charitra ledani ayana nokki chepparu. trever-rapar matladutu "aafrikaalo europeanla charitra matrame undhi. migilinavi cheekati, "daani gatam", prapanchamlooni sundaramaina conny asambaddhamaina moolallo anagarika tegala savarinchani girationlu."aafrikaanu" "charitra laenidi" "anie piliche taruvaati vyaasamlo punaraavrutam cheyabadina eee vyaakhyalu, charitrakaarulu, maanava saastravettalu, saamaajika saastravettala madhya, valasavaada anantara mariyu saamskrutika adhyayanala abhivruddhi chendutunna rangaalalo" "charitra" "yokka nirvachanam gurinchi teevramaina charchanu prerepinchaayi". dheeniki pratispandanagaa, charitrakaarulu trever-rapar chesina chaaritraka puraanaalanu churukuga edurkovalsina avasaram undani vaadinchaaru "prati-empika prakriya matrame dheenini saricheyagaladu, mariyu african charitrakaarulu avamaanakaramaina puraanaalachae vismarinchabadina amsaalapai drushti pettali".
chaalaa mandhi charitrakaarulu ippudu trever-raaparku vyatiraekamgaa, chaaritraka saakshyaalalo moukhika sampradaayaalu alaage vraatapuurvaka charitra kooda undaalani vaadistunnaaru, idhi "puurva charitra" nuu vadilivesina samaajaaniki puurva pramaanam. trever-rapar vaadana yokka vimarsakulu african gatam yokka kramabaddhamaina vivaranala praamaanikatanu, bhouthikavaada, vaarshikavaada ledhaa trever-rapar upayoginche saampradaaya chaaritraka paddhatula dwara prasninchaaru. aafrikaanu airopatho polche ledhaa daanini european charitralo neerugaa ekikrutam chese vidhanalu african samaajaala yokka khachitamaina vivaranalu kaavani kondaru chebutaaru. africaku "charitra" undani dadapuga ippudu panditulandaruu angeekaristunnaaru. moukhika recordulalo chaaritraka khachitatvampai vivaadaalu unnappatikee, alex hayley yokka "rutes" pustakam mariyu prasiddha tv minee-siriislaloo, african griats ledhaa moukhika ghnaapakaalu, chaaritraka moukhika rikaardunu andinchaayi.
"hitler diaries" nakilee.
1983loe "dhi times" darsakudigaa trever-rapar (appatiki baaran docker off glanton) hitler diarylu anie pilavabade vaatini dhruveekarinche prakatanalu chesinappudu athani kereer adhogati pondindi. itarulu khachitamgaa teliyaduh udaaharanaku, holocast denier david irving, modata vaatini nakileevigaa khandinchaaru, conny taruvaata thana manasu maarchukuni, avi nijamainavi kaavacchu anie prakatinchaaru, chivaraku avi nakileevani cheppadaniki mundu. charitrakaarulu gerhard weinberg mariyu eberhard jackel kooda daireela praamaanikatapai sandehaalu vyaktam chesaaru. 
rendu varallo, forensic shaastravetta juuliyas grant diarylu nakileevani niroopinchaaru. taruvaati vaiphalyam trever-rapar yokka satruvulaku atanini bahirangamgaa vimarsinche avakaasaanni ichindi, ayithe trever-rapar dirylapy prarambha aamodam athani samagrata gurinchi prasnalanu levanettindihi "aadivaaram times", athanu kramam tappakunda pustaka sameekshalanu andinchina vaartaapatrika mariyu athanu swatantra darsakudigaa unna vaartaapatrika, diarylu nijamainavi ayithe matrame vaatini kramam chese hakku kosam ippatike gananeeyamaina mottaanni chellinchindi.
diarylu vaari "aavishkarta" swaadheenamloki elaa vachayane daani gurinchi, vaatilo upayoginchina kaagitam mariyu sira vayassu gurinchi mariyu vaati praamaanikata gurinchi tanaku haameelu ivvabadindani (adhi abaddham anie telindi) trever-rapar vivarinchaaru. edemaina, eee sanghatana vyangya patrika "private ii" nuu ataniki "hugg verry-ropy", "claptavut yokka lard lucray" ledhaa marinta sankshiptamgaa "lard facer" anie maaruperuto pilavadaaniki prerepinchindi.
thana taruvaati kereerlo eee taaraaganam needa unnappatikee, athanu rayadam mariyu prachurinchadam konasaginchadu mariyu athani rachanalaku manchi aadarana labhinchindi.
peater house, cambridge yokka master gaa ennika.
1980loe 67 samvatsaraala vayassulo, athanu cambridge vishwavidhyaalayamloni puraatana mariyu atichinna kalaasaala ayina peterhouselo master ayyadu. athani snehitulanu aascharyaparichina athani ennika, appati pramukha peater house charitrakaarudu ayina maris couling netrutvamloni sabhyula brundamchae roopondinchabadindi. couling yokka praticharya samuuham athanu mahilala pravesaanni vyatirekinche oka sampradaayavaadi avtarani bhaavinchinanduna sabhyulu atanni enchukunnaaru. eee sandarbhamlo, trever-rapar varusa paripalana samskaranalanu praarambhistuu couling mariyu athani mitradeshaalatho nirantaram godavapadevadu. ayana vignapti meraku 1983loe mahilalanu cherchukunnaru. british paatrikeyudu neel ausherson couling mariyu trever-rapar madhya jarigina godavanu ilaa sankshiptamgaa vivarinchaaduh lard docker, srungaarabharitamaina tory ultra kakunda, andhavishwaasam kante vaak swaatantyraaniki praadhaanyata ichhe mataadhikaari vyatiraeka vigga maaradu. general franco marana vaarshikotsavam sandarbhamgaa sahacharulu santaapam dharinchadam, ss unifamlo paarteelaku hajarukavadam ledhaa ettaina table vadda nallajati mariyu yoodu atithulanu avamaaninchadam aayanaku saadhaaranam anipinchaledu. taruvaati edu samvatsaraalu, trever-rapar couling gumpu ("daani swantha vipareetamaina chiraaku loe chikkukunna balamaina manassu") yokka tirugubaatunu anachiveyadaaniki mariyu kalaasaalanu vidyaarthulu nijamgaa akkadiki vellaalanukune paristhitiki tirigi teesukuraavadaaniki poraadaaru. eee poraatamlo yea paksham kooda gelavaledu, idhi tvaralo vintaina asabhyata mariyu avidheyathatho trever-raaparnu kalaasaala nundi tarimikottadaaniki oka pracharamga maarindi. aadam sisman yokka 2010 naati trever-rapar jeevita charitra sameekshalo, "aardhikavetta" 1980laloe peater house chitram "digbhraantikaramainadi" anie raasaaru, kalaasaala couling prabhaavaaniki oka vidhamaina mitavaada "verri aasrayam" gaa maarindani paerkonnaaru, vaaru trever-rapar yokka samskaranalanu naasanam cheyaalani nischayinchukunnaaru. 1987loe ayana "edu samvatsaraalu vrudhaa" anie firyadu chestu padavee viramana chesaaru.
festrift.
1981loe trever-rapar gouravaartham "charitra mariyu kalpana" anae festshrift prachurinchabadindi. surr geophrey elton, zaan clive, arnaldo momigliano, frances yates, jeremi cato, robbert ess. lopez, maikhel howard, david ess. cotz, dimitri obolensky, zhe. hetch. elliot, richard kaab, walter pagel, hugg lloyd-johns, valery mutyaalu mariyu fernand broadel. american, british, french, russian, italian, izrael, kenadian mariyu german charitrakaarula eee samuuham andinchina amsaalu "odissie" anedi taruvaata vraayabadina moukhika sampradaayamlo bhagama anae prasna nundi jameson daadiki baadhyata anae prasna varaku vistarinchaayi.
vyaktigata jeevitam.
1954 aktobaru 4naa, trever-rapar thana bhaarya, maajee gowravaneeyuraalu, feeled marshal earl hage yokka pedda kumarte ayina laedii alegzandra henrietta louisa howard-johnston (9 marchi 1907-15 augustu 1997) nuu vivaham chesukunnadu. dorothy moud vivian. laedii alegzandra raani alegzandra yokka dharma kumarte, gatamlo rear-admiral clarence dinsmore howard-jaansannu vivaham chesukundi, aame dwara aameku mugguru pillalu unnaaru. aametho vivaham valla pillalu laeru.
pradhana mantri margaret thatcher sifaarasu meraku 1979loe trever-raaparnu life peerga chesaaru. athanu 1979 septembaru 27naa peerej kuu perigaadu, mariyu house off lards kuu baaran docker off glanton gaa parichayam cheyabaddaadu, "northumberland kounteelooni glanton". athanu thana intiperupai thana birudunu aadharam chesukoledu, endukante "double-barrell birudulu vilsonian sahacharula aavishkarana, guttadhipatyam", mariyu "aayudhaala kalaasaala niyamaala prakaram ['lard trever' ledhaa 'lard roper'] athanu thana intiperunu 'trever' ledhaa 'rapar' gaa marchukovalsi untundi.'docker birudutho kutumbaaniki unna sambandhaanni thana bharyaku prastaavinchinappudu, aaa sabdam nacchina trever-rapar," "suo jyoor" "27va baroness docker (nee brand) nundi balamaina vyatiraekata unnappatikee," "baaran docker" "birudunu enchukoovadaaniki oppinchabaddaadu". aame thana bandhuvu, anthony brand, 6va wiscount hampdennu kaligi undhi, "brand kutumbaaniki naamamaatrapu adhipatigaa", trever-raaparku docker sheershika brand kutumbaaniki chendinadani teliyajestundi "mariyu aaru sataabdaalaku paiga taitil yokka puraatanatvam aadhaaramgaa marevaruu vaari guttadhipatyanni ullanghinchakudadu". eee unnata-sthaayi chikitsa trever-rapar yokka prarambha sandigdhata nepathyamlo athani sankalpaanni balopetam chesindi; athanu gamaninchaadu, "brandlu kevalam oka sheershikaku enduku 'garvamgaa' ledhaa antha asuyagaa undaali... aaru satabdaalugaa sampradaayam ledhaa konasagimpu ledhaa vyatyaasam (hatya, vyaajyam mariyu dunduduku minaha) lekunda ledhaa gatha 250 samvatsaraalugaa bhoomi lekunda kutumbam nundi kutumbaaniki appudappudu kattese oka gorre? vaaru eee andamaina bommanu 1829loe matrame konugolu chesaaru, endukante oka mister brand, veerilo aemee teliyadu, trever-roparlanu vivaham chesukundi (vaaru lenardsnu vivaham chesukovadam dwara daanini pondaaru). ippudu vaaru aaru satabdaalugaa daanini kaligi unnatlugaa pravartistaaru mariyu eppatikee daanipai guttadhipatyam kaligi untaaru. vaari nippu kosam oka anjoorapu pandu!"abhyantaraalu unnappatikee, trever-rapar kramabaddhamgaa baaran docker off glanton anae birudunu teesukunnadu.
thana chivari samvatsaraallo athanu kanti chuupu lopamtho badhapaddadu, idhi ataniki chadavadam mariyu vrayadam kashtataram chesindi. athanu kantisuklam shastrachikitsa cheyinchukunnadu mariyu magnifying mesheennu pondaadu, idhi ataniki rachananu konasaaginchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. 2002loe, 88 samvatsaraala vayassulo, trever-rapar charter house school vyavasthaapakudu thamus sutton gurinchi gananeeyamaina kathanaanni "oxford dictionary off national biography" kuu dasaabdaala kritam raasina gamanikalatho kontavaraku samarpinchaadu, dheenini editor brian haarisan "master yokka pani" gaa prasamsimchaaru. trever-rapar thana vruddhaapyaaniki sambandhinchina aneka itara chinna vyaadhulatoe badhapaddadu, conny athani savati koduku prakaram, "athani kashtalannintini sthiramgaa mariyu firyadu lekunda bharinchaadu". aaa samvatsaram, athanu cancertho baadhapadutuu, oxfordloni dharamsalalo janavari 26,2003naa 89 samvatsaraala vayasulo maraninchaadu.
maranaanantara pustakaalu.
trever-rapar raasina aidu pustakaalu maranaanantaram prachurinchabaddaayi. modatidi "letters frum oxford", idhi 1947 mariyu 1959 madhya trever-rapar thana sannihita snehitudu american art collector bernard berensonku raasina lekhala sekarana. rendava pustakam 2006 naati "airopaloni vaidyudu", idhi henry IV, james I mariyu charless I kuu franco-swiss kortu vaidyudu surr theodor dii mayern jeevita charitra. taruvaati pani 1979 natiki ekkuvagaa puurtayimdi, conny teliyani kaaranaala valla puurti kaaledu.
moodava pustakam "dhi invention off scatland myth und history", idhi 1970la madhyalo raasina vimarsha, dheenini trever-rapar scottish jaateeyavaadam yokka puranaluga bhaavinchaaru. idhi 2008loe prachurinchabadindi. "charitra mariyu gnaanoodayam paddenimidava sataabdapu vyasalu" anae amsampai ayana vyasalanu sekarinchina nalgava pustakam 2010loe prachurinchabadindi. aidava pustakam richard devenport-heins sampaadakeeyam chesina "dhi warmater journals", 2011loe prachurinchabadindi. "dhi warmater journals" anevi trever-rapar rahasya nigha sevalo unna samvatsaraallo unchina patrikala nundi vachayi.

