
bhaaratadesamlo nyaya sameeksha

bhaaratadesamlo nyaya sameeksha anedi bhaarata raajyaamgaaniki viruddhamaina karyanirvahaka ledhaa saasana charyalanu supreenkortu mariyu bhaarata haikortulu pariseelinchi, nirnayinchi, chellanivigaa chese prakriya. bhaarata rajyangam 13,32,131 nundi 136,143,226 mariyu 246 articles dwara nyaya sameekshanu spashtamgaa andistundi. 
nyaya sameeksha anedi adhikaaraala vibhajanalo niyantranalu mariyu samatulyatallo okati, saasana mariyu karyanirvahaka saakhalanu paryaveekshinchadaaniki mariyu rajyanga aadhipatyaanni nirdhaarinchadaaniki nyaayavyavasthaku unna adhikaram. bhaarata raajyaangamlooni nibandhanalaku anugunamgaa laeni, chattaparamaina saktini kaligi unna edainaa chattam, ordinance, arder, bye-laa, ruul, regulation, notification, aacharam ledhaa viniyogaanni chellanidigaa chese adhikaram supreenkortu mariyu highcourtulaku undhi. endukante "kesavananda bharati vii. kerala rashtram (1970), "bhaarata rajyangam yokka praathamika nirmaanaanni ullanghinchinatlayite nyaayasthaanaalu edainaa rajyanga savaranalanu chellanivigaa cheyavachu.
tarachugaa, rajyangamlo haamii ivvabadina praathamika hakkulanu rakshinchadaaniki mariyu amalu cheyadaaniki nyaya sameekshanu upayogistaaru. kontavaraku, kendra-rashtra sambandhaalaku sambandhinchina saasana saamardhyaaniki sambandhinchina vishayaalalo nyaya sameeksha upayoginchabadutundi.
charitra.
rajyanga sabha.
artical 13.
artical 13 praathamika hakkulaku viruddhamaina chattaalatho vyavaharistundi. rajyanga sabha 1948 november 25,26,29 tedeello musaida artical paie charchinchi, 1948 november 29naa savarinchina musaida aartikalnu aamodinchindi.
raajyaangamlooni 3va bhaagam dwara pradaanam cheyabadina hakkulanu ullanghinche yea charyalanu karyanirvahaka mariyu saasana samsthalu teesukolevu. vaaru alaa chesthe, nyaayasthaanaalu hakkulanu ullanghinche saasana ledhaa karyanirvahaka charyalo kontha bhaganni raddu cheyavachu. 
artical 32.
vaari praathamika hakkulu ullanghinchabadinappudu rajyanga parishkarala kosam supreenkortunu aasrayinche hakkunu artical 32 haamii istundi. rajyanga sabha 1948 december 9naa konni savaranalatho musaida aartikalnu charchinchi aamodinchindi.
artical yokka praamukhyata gurinchi rajyanga sabha ekagreevamgaa undhi. vidhana niyamaalapai kamiteelo unna ekaika mahila gammididala durgabhai chepparu. 
praathamika hakkulu, minoritylu, girijana, minahaayinchabadina praantaalapai salaha kamitee sabhyudu madabhushi anantasayanam ayyangar telipaaru.
bii. aarr. musaida kamitee chairman ambedkar matladutu, eee vyaasampai maatlaadina vaarilo ekkuva mandhi praamukhyata mariyu praamukhyatanu grahinchaarani annaru.
raajyaangaparamaina parishkarala praamukhyatanu sabhyulu gurtinchagaa, bii. aarr. ritlapai charchalu jariginappatikee, eee articallo ritlanu cherchadam yokka praamukhyatanu sabhyulu grahinchaledani ambedkar paerkonnaaru. raajyaamgaanni aamodinchina taruvaata, saadhaarana majority ritlanu jaarii chese adhikaranni harinchaleru.
artical 141.
artical 141 prakaram, supreenkortu nirnayaalu bharatadesamloni anni itara kortulaku kattubadi untaayi. rajyanga sabha 1949 mae 27naa musaida artical paie charchinchi aamodinchindi. 
charcha samayamlo, bii. aarr. eee vyaasam bharatadesamloni anni kortulanu chadivinappatiki, indulo supreenkortu ledani ambedkar spashtam chesaaru. supreenkortu thana nirnayaanni marchukovadaniki mariyu intaku mundu teesukunnadaaniki bhinnamgaa abhiprayanni teesukune swechcha kaligi untundi. vivarana taruvaata, musaida aartikalnu etuvanti savarana lekunda aamodinchaaru.
artical-142.
sampoorna nyayam cheyadaaniki supreenkortu aamodinchina edainaa uttarvu ledhaa uttarvu bharatadesa bhuubhaagam antataa amalu cheyadaginadani artical 142 perkondi. rajyanga sabha 1949 mae 27naa musaida aartikalnu aamodinchindi.
parliamentary aadhipatyam.
paarlamentu 1951 juun 18naa raajyaamgaaniki modati savarananu amalu chesindi, nirdishta chattalanu nyaya sameeksha nundi rakshinchadaaniki raajyaamgaaniki tommidava schedulenu jodinchindi. savarana yokka raajyaangabaddhatanu savaalu chesinappudu, supreenkortu yokka aiduguru nyaayamuurtula dharmasana artical 368 raajyaamgaanni savarinche adhikaranni paarlamentuku istundani, indulo praathamika hakkulu mariyu artical 368 "shankari prasad singh dev vii. union off india (1951) mariyu sajjan singh vii. rajasthan rashtram (1965)."artical 13 (2) looni chattam anae padaaniki rajyanga savaranalu levani dharmasana abhipraayapadindi.
nyaayaparamaina aadhipatyam.
supreenkortu yokka padakondu mandhi nyaayamuurtula dharmasana "golaknath vii. loe rajyanga savaranala nyaya sameekshapai munupati teerpunu kottivesindi. punjab rashtram (1967). rajyanga savarana anedi saasana prakriya kabatti, artical 368 kinda savarana anedi raajyaangamlooni artical 13 yokka ardhamlo unna chattam. anduvalla, praathamika hakkunu "teesivese ledhaa tagginche" savarana chelladu.
praathamika nirmaana siddhaantam.
golaknath vii. kuu pratispandanagaa. punjab rashtram (1967) teerpu, paarlamentu nyaya sameeksha adhikaranni parimitam chese savaranalanu aamodinchindi. iravai naalugo savarana artical 368 kinda aamodinchina rajyanga savarananu artical 13 (2) looni padam chattam nundi minahaayinchindi. phalitamgaa, praathamika hakkulanu ullanghinchinanduku rajyanga savarananu nyaayasthaanaalu chellanivigaa cheyalevu. iravai aidava savarana artical 31sii nii jodinchindi, praathamika hakkulanu ullanghinchinanduku artical 39 (bii) mariyu (sii) looni nirdesaatmaka suutraalaku sambandhinchina yea chattanni supreenkortu chellanidigaa cheyadu. 
iravai naalugava, iravai aidava mariyu iravai tommidava rajyanga savaranalanu savaalu chesinappudu, supreenkortu yokka padamudu mandhi nyaayamuurtula dharmasana golaknath vii. nuu kottivesindi. punjab rashtram (1967) kesavananda bharati vii. teerpulo. kerala rashtram (1973)."artical 368 raajyaamgaanni savarinche adhikaram mariyu vidhanam rendintinee kaligi undani, artical 13 (2) looni chattam anae padaaniki rajyanga savaranalu levani, ayithe artical 368 rajyangam yokka praathamika nirmaanaanni maarchadaaniki paarlamentuku adhikaram ivvadani, tadwara praathamika nirmaana siddhaantaanni sthaapistundani dharmasana perkondi. iravai naalugo, iravai tommidava rajyanga savaranalanu dharmasana samarthinchindi. ayithe, praathamika hakkulanu ullanghinchinanduku chattaala nyaya sameeksha adhikaranni parimitam chesina iravai aidava savaranaloni moodava nibandhananu idhi kottivesindi. adhikaaraala vibhajana anedi praathamika nirmaana siddhaantam dwara rakshinchabadina raajyaangamlooni oka amsam anie dharmasana abhipraayapadindi, ikkada nyaya sameeksha anedi adhikaaraala vibhajanalo tanikheelu mariyu samatulyatallo okati."indira nehru gandhi vii. loe praathamika nirmaana siddhaantaanni supreenkortu yokka aiduguru nyaayamuurtula dharmasana dhruveekarinchindi mariyu marinta spashtam chesindi. raaj narayan (1975)."samarthavanthamaina nyaya sameekshapai aadhaarapade nyaya palananu rajyangam yokka praathamika nirmaanamloo oka amsamgaa dharmasana gurtinchindi.""
raajyaangabaddhamaina aadhipatyam.
kesavananda bharati v kuu pratispandanagaa. kerala rashtram (1973), "paarlamentu nalabhai rendava savarananu aamodinchindi", supreenkortu yokka aiduguru nyaayamuurtula dharmasana "minerwa mills vii. loe praathamika nirmaana siddhaantaanni vartimpajesi spashtam chesindi. union off india (1977). rajyanga savaranalanu sameekshinche nyaayasthaanaala adhikaranni tolaginchi, praathamika hakkula kante rashtra vidhaanamlooni nirdesaatmaka suutraalaku praadhaanyatanicche savaranaloni vibhaagaalanu dharmasana kottivesindi. rajyangam paarlamentuku savarana chese adhikaranni istundani, naasanam chese adhikaranni ivvadani dharmasana spashtam chesindi. eee kesunu tiirpunistuu, nyaya sameeksha anedi praathamika nirmaana siddhaantam dwara rakshinchabadina raajyaangamlooni oka amsam anie dharmasana spashtamgaa perkondi."" 
tommidava schedule kinda unna chattalu, kesavananda bharati vii. mundu unnayani supreenkortu yokka aiduguru nyaayamuurtula dharmasana perkondi. state off kerala (1963)" kesunu, "waman raav vii. loe praathamika hakkulanu ullanghinchinanduku kortulo savaalu cheyalemu. union off india (1981)."alaa cheyadamlo, bench bhaavi atikraminche siddhaantaanni sthaapinchindi, idhi oka nirdishta kesulo oka nirnayam bhavishyattulo kaaryaacharananu kaligi untundani mariyu gatha teerpulapai etuvanti puurvaanvaya prabhavanni chuupadani nirdesistundi."taruvaata, tommidava scheduello unchina edainaa chattam" kesavananda bharati vii. "taruvaata untundani supreenkortu yokka tommidi mandhi nyaayamuurtula dharmasana spashtam chesindi. kerala rashtram (1963) kesu praathamika hakkula ullanghanapai nyaya sameekshaku lobadi untundi. tamilanadu rashtram (2007)." 
padava schedule yokka raajyaangabaddhatanu "kihoto hollohan vii jachillu (1992)" loe savaalu chesinappudu, supreenkortu yokka aiduguru nyaayamuurtula dharmasana anarhata prasnalapai nirnayam teesukune speaker adhikaranni samarthinchindi, ayithe nyaya sameeksha nundi nirnayaanni minahaayinchina nibandhananu raddu chesindi. nyaya paripalanaku kattubadi undataaniki avasaramaina mariyu nyaya sameeksha paridhiki velupala undakudadani speaker yokka adhikaram nyaya adhikaram anie dharmasana perkondi. nyaya sameeksha paridhini pakshapaatam mariyu sahaja nyayam yokka itara suutraala vaadanalaku bench parimitam chesindi.
seva vyavaharalalo haikortu adhikara paridhini minahayinchadaanni pariseelistunnappudu, supreenkortu yokka eduguru nyaayamuurtula dharmasana, supreenkortu mariyu highcourtulaku saasana charyalapai nyaya sameeksha adhikaranni manjuru chese raajyaangamlooni artical 32 mariyu artical 226, rajyangam yokka praathamika nirmaanamloo antarbhaagamaina mariyu avasaramaina lakshanam anie prakatinchindi. chandra kumar vii. union off india (1997)."nyaya sameeksha kosam pratyaamnaaya erpaatunu erpaatu cheyakunda haikortu adhikara paridhini oka chattam minahayiste, adhi praathamika nirmaanaanni ullanghistundani, anduvalla paarlamentu yokka rajyanga adhikaaraaniki velupala untundani dharmasana abhipraayapadindi.
raajyaangamlooni nibandhanalu.
nyaya sameekshaku sambandhinchina bhaarata raajyaangamlooni articles jabita krinda ivvabadindi
poolika.
doctor aarn mavich chesina tulanaatmaka rajyanga vislaeshanha prakaram, bhaaratadesamlo nyaya sameeksha american paddhatini anusaristundi, ikkada nyaya sameeksha khachitamaina kesulu ledhaa vivaadaalalo matrame amalu cheyabadutundi mariyu amalulo unna chattaalalo ledhaa charyalalo matrame amalu cheyabadutundi. eee paddhati french namuunaaku bhinnamgaa untundi, ikkada chattam amaluloki raakamundu nyaya sameeksha avasaram mariyu vaastava kesu ledhaa vivaadam lekunda saaraamsamlo untundi. european namoonaalo, nyaayasthaanaalu chattam amaluloki vacchina tarvaata sameekshinchavachhu, ayithe khachitamaina ledhaa nairoopya vaadanalapai. 
doctor arne mavich samsthaagata nirmaanam aadhaaramgaa vargeekarana prakaram, bharatadesam haikortu namuunaanu anusaristundi, ikkada supreenkortu mariyu highcourtulaku matrame nyaya sameeksha adhikaram untundi.
sameeksha yokka pramaanam.
saasana adhikaaraaniki sambandhinchina nyaya swayam-niyantrana anedi savaalu cheyabadina saasanaala raajyaangabaddhata yokka ooha roopamlo vyaktamavutundi. charanjit laal vii loe paalistunnappudu. union off india (1950), justice fazal allie nirvahinchaaru
pradhana nyaayamuurti ess hetch kapadia 2011 april 16naa newdhilleeloo jarigina aidava emm sii setalwad smaaraka upanyaasamlo swayam niyantrananu konasaaginchaalani, adhikara vibajananu gowravinchaalani, saasana vidhulanu adhigaminchavaddani nyaayavyavasthanu koraru.
nyaya sameeksha yokka paatra.
samaakhyavaadam.
artical 356 yokka ghoramaina durviniyogaanni parishkarinchetappudu, supreenkortu yokka tommidi mandhi nyaayamuurtula dharmasana nyaya sameeksha anedi rajyangam yokka praathamika nirmaanam anie punarudghaatinchindi mariyu raashtramlo rashtrapati palananu vidhinche prakatana nyaya sameekshaku lobadi untundani perkondi. aarr. bommai vii. union off india (1994). "
praathamika hakkulu.
supreenkortu yokka aruguru nyaayamuurtula dharmasana "eah" teerpulo vividha articlesloni vividha praathamika hakkulu parasparam pratyekamainavani suuchimchimdi. keey. gopalan vii. madrasu rashtram (1950). eee teerpu praathamika hakkula nyaayaparamaina vivarananu 20 samvatsaraala paatu prabhaavitam chesindi.sii. cooper vii. union off india (1970), "padakondu mandhi nyaayamuurtula dharmasana dheenini kottivesi, praathamika hakkulu parasparam pratyekamainavi kaavani teerpu ichindi.
vistarana.
teerpu "aarr.sii. cooper vii. union off india (1970) "praathamika hakkulanu nyaayasthaanaalu ardham chesukune vidhananni gananeeyamgaa marchai. menaka gandhi v" vishayamlo teerpu istuu. union off india (1978), "supreenkortu yokka eduguru nyaayamuurtula dharmasana raajyaangamlooni artical 21 yokka vivarananu gananeeyamgaa vistarinchindi, idhi chattam dwara sthaapinchabadina vidhanam minaha jeevitam mariyu vyaktigata swechhanu rakshistundi. artical 14,19 thoo artical 21nii chadivina dharmasana, "chattam" sahetukamgaa undaali mariyu "vidhanam" nyayamga, nyayamga mariyu sahetukamgaa undaali anie teelchindi. mukhyamgaa, dharmasana artical 14 mariyu 19 nuu artical 21 loki chadivindi.
suneel batra vii" nii nirnayinchetappudu. dhhillee paripalana (1978), supreenkortu yokka aiduguru nyaayamuurtula dharmasana bhaarata rajyangamlo nirneeta prakriya nibandhana laenappatikee, r looni nirnayaala taruvaata adhe parinaamam sambhavinchindani perkondi.sii. cooper vii. union off india (1970) "mariyu" menaka gandhi vii. union off india (1978)."bachan singh v loe paalistunnappudu. punjab rashtram (1980), supreenkortu yokka aiduguru nyaayamuurtula dharmasana "menaka gandhi vii. union off india (1978), artical 21 ilaa chebutundi, "chellubaatu ayye chattam dwara sthaapinchabadina nyaayamaina, nyaayamaina mariyu sahetukamaina vidhanam prakaram tappa yea vyakti thana jeevitam ledhaa vyaktigata swechhanu kolpokudadu."" "menaka gandhi verses" "paie aadhaarapadina supreenkortu yokka aiduguru nyaayamuurtula dharmasana". union off india (1978), suneel batra vii. dhhillee paripalana (1978) "mariyu" bachan singh vii. punjab rashtram (1980) "mohd arif vii. loe jeevitam mariyu swechcha yokka praathamika hakkuku ippudu gananeeyamaina tagina prakriyanu vartimpajeyaalani perkondi. registrar (2014)."