
johann vaan clenou

johann joseph causaton graph vaan clenou, freeher vaan janovitz (; 13 april 1758-6 october 1819) hobsburg sainyamlo feeled marshal. bohemian kuleenula kumarudu clenou yuktavayasulo hobsburg sainyamlo chaeri, prussiaku vyatiraekamgaa bavarian vaarasatva yuddham, ottoman saamraajyamtho austria yuddhalu, french viplava yuddhalu mariyu nepolian yuddhaalalo poraadaadu, indulo athanu aneka mukhyamaina yuddhaalalo oka dalaaniki naayakatvam vahinchaadu.
french viplava yuddhaala prarambha samvatsaraallo, clenou wissemborg shrenulalo tananu taanu vaeru chesukunnadu, 1795loe handschushim vadda yuddhamlo vijayam saadhinchina daadiki naayakatvam vahinchaadu. 1799loe uttara italeelo adige dandayaatralo sankeernam yokka edama paarsvaaniki commanderga, graameena praantaallo raitu tirugubaatunu nirvahinchadam mariyu maddatu ivvadam dwara poe nadipai french aadheenamlo unna kotalanu verucheyadamlo keelaka paatra poeshinchaadu. aaa taruvaata, clenou hobsburg sainyam charitralo athi pinna vayaskudaina leftinent feeled marshal ayyadu.
corps commanderga, clenou aspern-nesslingen vadda vijayam saadhinchadamlo austrian sainyam yokka keelaka bhagalaku naayakatvam vahinchaadu mariyu vagram vadda daani otamini chavichusadu, akkada athani dalaalu pradhana austrian dalaala tirogamanaanni cover chesaayi. athanu 1813 dresden yuddhamlo IV corpsku naayakatvam vahinchaadu mariyu mallii leapsig vadda jarigina deshaala yuddhamlo, akkada athanu modati roeju pradhana austrian dalaanni french vaaru adhigaminchakundaa nirodhinchaadu. deshaala yuddham taruvaata, clenou vijayavantamaina dresden digbandhanaanni nirvahinchi amalu chesi, akkada french longipovadampai charchalu jaripaadu. 1814-15 dandayaatralo, athanu italii sainyam yokka "corps clenou" kuu naayakatvam vahinchaadu. 1815loe yuddham taruvaata, clenou moravia mariyu sailsialo commanding generalga niyaminchabaddaadu. athanu 1819loe maraninchaadu.
kutumbam mariyu prarambha vrutti.
johann joseph causetan vaan clenou und janovitz 13 april 1758naa bohemiyaaloni hobsburg provinceloni benatech kotalo paatha bohemian nobil kutumbamlo janminchaadu. clenou kutumbam padihenava sataabdaaniki chendinadi, mariyu janovitz kutumbam padnaalugo sataabdaaniki chendinadi. clenou yokka kutumba paeru padahaarava sataabdam taruvaata recordulalo kramam tappakunda kanipistundi. clenou kutumbam bohemiyaaloni puraatana raajavamsaalalo okati, mariyu bohemiyaaloni aneka kuleena kutumbaalu vivahala nundi clenou vamsamloki puttukochayi. eee kutumbam yokka asalu paeru presibic, dheeni predicate "vaan clenova". 1623loe johann vaan clenova anae vyaktiki, 1629loe athani kumarudu wilhelmku manjuru chesina dhruvikarana patramtho eee kutumbam baronetiki perigindi. regensbergloni imperial councillar mariyu nyaayamuurti wilhelm vaan clenou 1630loe committle hodaaku, 1633loe "reachsgraph" ledhaa imperial count hodaaku edigaaru.
johann clenou 1774loe 17 samvatsaraala vayassulo 47va padaatidala regiment "elrichshousen" loe pravesinchi, 1775loe rendava leftinent ayyadu. "ritmister" ledhaa aswikadalam yokka keptenga "chevaulegar" regimentku badilee ayina taruvaata, clenou bavarian vaarasatvam yokka chinna yuddhamlo poraadaadu, dheenini bangaalaadumpa yuddham anie kooda pilustaaru. eee sangharshanhalo ekkuva bhaagam 1778 nundi 1779 varaku bohemiyaalo (aadhunika check republicklo bhaagam), hobsburg racharikam, saxony, bavaria mariyu prussiyaala madhya jarigindi. yuddhamlo etuvanti yuddhalu laevu, conny badulugaa varusa kotlatalu mariyu daadulu jarigaayi, idhi telikapati aswikadalam yokka keptenku anuvaina paristhitigaa maarindi. vaari daadulaloo, iruvaipula nundi vacchina dalaalu marokari vastuvulu, pasugraasam mariyu saamagrini swaadheenam chesukovadaniki ledhaa naasanam cheyadaaniki prayatninchaayi.
ottoman saamraajyamtho 18va sataabdamloo jarigina aneka yuddhaalalo okataina austro-turkish yuddhamlo (1787-1791), clenou 26va dragoon regiment "toscana" loe panichesi, taruvaata 1va dragoon regiment "kaijar" kuu badilee cheyabaddaadu. athani regiment 1788 septembaru 28naa belgrade sameepamloni jemun vadda adhika sankhyalo ottoman dalaala daadini tippikottindi, dheeniki athanu vyaktigata prasamsalu andukunnadu mariyu majer gaa padoonnati pondaadu. clenou thana prarambha sainika vruttiloo jemun vaddane kakunda, 1778 mariyu 1779 naati munupati kotlatalu mariyu daadulaloo kooda, vijayavantamaina aswikadalam adhikari yokka lakshanaalanu pradarsinchaaduh paristhitini anchanaa vaeyadaaniki sainika chaturata, oka kshanam noticelo thana pranaalikalanu sardubaatu chese vasyata mariyu thana manushula nundi korina adhe pramaadaalanu teesukoovadaaniki vyaktigata dhairyam.
french viplava yuddhalu.
nepathyam.
praarambhamlo, airopa paalakulu fraanslo 1789 viplavam french raaju mariyu athani prajala madhya jarigina vyavaharamgaa bhaavinchaaru, vaaru jokyam chesukovalasina vishayam kaadu. ayithe, 1790 taruvaata vaakchaaturyaalu marinta teevramgaa peragadamtho, european chakravartulu french tirugubaatlanu heccharikatho chudatam praarambhinchaaru. sambandhita chakravarthulalo pavitra roman chakravarthy rendava leopold, thana sodari, france raani maerii antoinette praanaalaku, sreyassuku bhayapaddadu. 1791 augustulo, french "emigray" prabhuvulu mariyu prussiaku chendina frederic vilium II thoo sampradimpulu jaripi, athanu pilnitz prakatnanu jaarii chesaadu, dheenilo vaaru luis XVI mariyu athani kutumbam yokka prayojanaalato airopa chakravartula prayojanaalanu okatigaa prakatinchaaru. raaja kutumbaaniki edainaa jarigithe aspashtamaina, conny chaalaa teevramaina parinaamaalu untaayani vaaru bedirinchaaru.
french ganatantra sthaanam marinta kashtataram ayyindi. antarjaateeya sambandhaalalo samasyalanu penchutuu, french "valasadaarulu" prati-viplavaniki maddatu kosam aandolana chendaaru. french-german sarihadduku aanukuni unna coblenz looni tama sthaavaram nundi, vaaru airopaloni raaja gruhaala nundi sainika jokyaniki pratyaksha maddatunu koori, sainyanni erpaatu chesaaru. 1792 april 20naa french jaateeya samavesam austria mariyu daani mitradesaalapai yuddham prakatinchindi. modati sankeernam (1792-1798) yokka eee yuddhamlo, france thanatho bhoomi ledhaa neeti sarihaddulanu panchukune chaalaa european deshaalaku vyatiraekamgaa nilichindi. portugal mariyu ottoman saamrajyam kooda fraansku vyatiraekamgaa kootamilo cheraayi.
clenou mariyu modati sankeerna yuddham.
1793 fibravari 12naa, clenou oka lancer regimentlo leftinent kalnalga padoonnati pondaadu, rainlyaandloni austrian dalamlo cheraadu, aswikadalam count dagobert sigmund vaan vermessor aadhvaryamlo panicheesaadu. athanu taruvaata vasantakaalamlo offenbatch pattanaaniki sameepamlo bandhinchabaddaadu, conny 17va regiment "archduke alegzander leopold" nundi iddaru austrian husarlache anukokunda vidudala cheyabaddaadu, vaaru atanipai mariyu athani bandhakulapaiki vacchaaru. wissemberg modati yuddhamlo, clenou 13 october 1793naa baaran vaan hotz yokka 3va kaalam ayina friedrichlo oka brigedku naayakatvam vahinchaadu, eee samayamlo hobsburg dalam french chetha pattukunna matti prakaaraalapai daadi chesindi.
basel shanti oppandam (juulai 22,1795) nibandhanala prakaram, russian sainyam raine mariyu pradhana nadhee loyalanu vidichipetti vellalsi vachindi; alaa chesinappudu, french vaaru twaragaa eee bhuubhaagaalanu aakramincharu. september 20naa, mannheim vadda unna koota okka kaalpu kooda cheyakunda frenchivaariki longipoyindi. maannheemku bavarian commander, leftinent general baaran vaan belderbush, mariyu bavarian grenadierlu, fusilierlu mariyu gaardu regimentla yokka aneka betalianlu, inca aaru companyla phirangula dalaalu rakshana kalpinchaayi. oka chinna austrian dalam bavarian dalaanni penchindi. adhe samayamlo, marinta uttaraana, bavarianlache kooda rakshinchabadina dusseldorff yokka balavardhakamaina pattanam frenchku longipoyindi. eee longipovadamtho, french vaaru dusseldorff vadda mariyu raine mariyu pradhana nadula koodali vadda raine crossinglanu niyantrinchaaru. tama paarsvaalalooni dalaalatoe sambandhaanni konasaaginchadaaniki, eee "fait faily" paie aagrahinchina austrian commanderlu pradhana nadhi meedugaa upasamharinchukovalasi vachindi.
necker nadipai pradhana nadiki marinta dakshinaana unna sameepamloni heidelberg nagaram tadupari french lakshyamgaa kanipinchindi. manheim mariyu heidelberg madhya praantamloo migilipoyina leftinent feeled marshal peater quasdanovich, heidelberg nagaraniki thoorpuna unna nidristunna country graamam handschushim vadda rakshana rekhanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki tondaragaa merugaina abatislanu upayoginchaadu. rendu vibhagala french dalam-sumaru 12,000 mandhi purushulu-8,000 mandhi rakshakulanu adhigaminchaaru, mariyu aaa sthaanam aamodayogyam kaadani anipinchindi.
clenou yokka chaarj.
handschushim vadda, clenou oka mounted brigedku naayakatvam vahinchaadu, indulo 4va curassiers regiment "hohenzolern" yokka aaru squadronlu, 3va dragoon regiment "kaijar" yokka rendu squadronlu, 44va husser regiment "seckler" yokka aaru squadronlu mariyu french "emigray" regiment "allemandku chendina naalugu squadronlu unnaayi. 1795 septembaru 24naa, general aadam bazalics vaan bajahaja dalaalanu aidu betalianlu mariyu chassers regimentto french vaaru adhigaminchadaanni chuusi, clenou ventane thana sonta brigednu moodu vibhagaluga erpaatu chesi daadi chesaadu. yuddhamlo vijayam saadhinchina daadiloo, clenou yokka brigade (sumaru 4,000 mandhi purushulu) general off division georges joseph dufour aadhvaryamlo eguva khadgamrugam yokka charless pichegru sainyam yokka french vibhaagaalanu chedaragottindi. athani aswikadalam dufour yokka mottam vibhaganni bahirangamgaa pattukuni, dufour yokka aaru squadronla chaasarsnu chedaragotti, dufour yokka padaatidalaanni narikivesindi. 193 mandhi purushulu mariyu 54 gurralanu kolpovadamtho, austrianlu 1,500 mandiki paiga french praananashtaaniki kaaranamayyaaru, veerilo 1,000 mandhi maraninchaaru; vaaru enimidi tupaakulu, tommidi mandugundu samagri kaisanlu mariyu vaari brundaalanu kooda swaadheenam chesukunnaru, mariyu general dufour swayamgaa swaadheenam chesukunnaru. eee charyalo, brigade general dusirat gayapaddadu, alaage atanini pattukoodaaniki mundu kooda gayapaddadu. austrian adanapu nashtaalalo 35 mandhi purushulu mariyu 58 gurralu chanipoyaru, aruguru adhikarulu, 144 mandhi purushulu mariyu 78 gurralu gayapaddaru, mariyu iddaru purushulu mariyu moodu gurralu tappipoyaayi. eee dopidiiloo athani paatraku, clenou kalnalga padoonnati pondaadu mariyu maria therissa yokka sainika kramamlo gurram yokka siluvanu pradaanam chesaadu. handschushim vadda, athanu intaku mundu zeman vadda chesinatlugaa, clenou thana "unnata sainika pilupunu" pradarsinchaadu, tananu taanu dhairyavanthudaina, drudamaina mariyu vegavantamaina aalochanaa kshetra adhikariga sthaapinchukunnaadu.
italian theatres action.
1796loe, clenou uttara italeelooni peater quasdanovich yokka kudi niluvu varusaku mundugaane unna gaarduku naayakatvam vahinchaadu. bressia nagaramloni alps nundi stambham digadamto, sthaanika french rakshana dalam siddhamgaa ledani nigha kanugondi. ardharaatri samayamlo, clenou 8va husser regiment "wormerser" (daani kalnal-yajamani dagobert vaan wormerser paeru pettabadindi) yokka rendu squadronlu, 37va padaatidala regiment "dii wins" yokka betalian mariyu mahoni jagger yokka oka companyki naayakatvam vahinchaadu. pogamanchu mariyu cheekatitho kappabadi vaari sameepamtho, juulai 30 udayam chinna dalam bressia gaarisannu aascharyaparichindi, akkada unna 600-700 french sainikulanu matrame kakunda, french directoryki chendina mugguru adhikaarulanu kooda swaadheenam chesukundih zeane lans, jochim murat mariyu francois etiyenne dii kellerman. ayithe, rendu rojullone, clenou yokka sainyam nepolian bonaparte mariyu 12,000 mandhi french sainikulanu edurkovalasi vachindi; athani chinna mundastu gaardunu augustu 1naa ventane bressia nundi tarimikottaaru. 1796 augustu 2-3 naati tadupari lonato yuddhamlo, french vaaru quasdanovich yokka stambhaanni parvataalaloki upasamharinchukovaalani balavantam chesaaru. eee quasdanovich yokka balaganni wormerser yokka pradhana sainyam nundi guarda sarassu dwara veruchesi, marinta dakshinaana unna castiglione delle stevier vadda pradhana dalampai drushti pettadaniki frenchnu vidipinchindi; castiglione yuddhamlo bonaparte vijayam vurmersarnu mincio nadhi meedugaa balavantamgaa chesindi, mariyu french mantuva muttadiki tirigi raavadaaniki anumatinchindi.
septembaru praarambhamlo, clenou yokka sainyam woormser yokka dalamlo tirigi chaeri, septembaru 8naa basano yuddhamlo poraadaaru. ikkada, austrianlu frenchivaari kante daadaapu rendu nundi okari kante ekkuvagaa unnaaru. austrian sainyam venakki taggadamtho, bonaparte austrianlu tama firangulanu, saamaanu vidichipettadaaniki kaaranamaina vembadinchamani aadesinchaadu. 59va "jordis" yokka moodava betalianlo ekkuva bhaagam, mariyu sarihaddu padaatidala baanat yokka modati betalian swaadheenam chesukobaddayi mariyu eee yuddham taruvaata eee unitlu unikilo laevu. austrianlu 600 mandhi maraninchi, gayapaddaru, 2,000 mandhi swaadheenam chesukunnaru, adanamgaa 30 tupaakulu, enimidi rangulu, 200 limberlu, mandugundu saamagrini kolpoyaru. clenou mallii wormerser yokka stambhamto unnadu, endukante adhi maantuvaanu muttadinchadaaniki daani maargamlo poraadaaru mariyu athanu september 15naa akkada sameepamloni laa fevaritaalo jarigina poraatamlo palgonnadu. kotanu upasamanam cheyadaaniki idhi rendava prayatnam; austrianlu yuddham nundi vaidoliginappudu, vaaru maantuvaaloki tirigi vellipoyaaru, mariyu september 15 nundi fibravari 2,1797 varaku, nagaram muttadinchinappudu clenou kotalo chikkukunnaru. 1797 janavari 1naa maantuvaaku uttaraana jarigina rivoli yuddhamlo austrian otami taruvaata, maantuvaaku austrian upasamanam spashtamgaa lenappudu, clenou french general zeane seruriyartho longipoye paristhitula gurinchi charchalu jaripaadu, ayithe adanapu aadharalu bonaparte unnaadani mariyu clenou oohinchina daanikante chaalaa udaaramaina nibandhanalanu nirdesinchindani suuchistunnaayi. fibravarilo dalam longipoyinappudu, clenou aaa patrampai vurmertho saha santakam chesaadu.
shanti mariyu rastat congress.
austria, russia, russia, grate britton, sardinia vanti sankeerna dalaalu verdun, kaisarslatarn, neervindon, maines, umberg mariyu wurjberglalo aneka vijayalu saadhinchinappatikii, italeelo sankeernam yokka vijayalu marinta parimitamainavi. uttara italeelo, atyanta anubhavagnulaina austrian generals-dagobert wormerser unnappatikee-austrianlu mantuva vadda muttadini ettiveyalekapoyaru, mariyu uttara italeelo nepolian prayatnaalu austrian dalaalanu hobsburg bhuubhaagaala sarihadduku nettivesaayi. nepolian 17 april 1797naa leoben vadda kaalpula viramananu aadesinchaadu, idhi adhikaarika shanti oppandam, campo formio oppandaaniki daariteesindi, idhi 17 october 1797naa amaluloki vachindi.
khachitamaina praadaesika mariyu laabhadaayaka vivaraalanu roopondinchadaaniki palgonna paarteela madhya samavesalaku eee oppandam pilupunicchindi. veetini french sarihadduku daggaragaa unna eguva raine loyaloni rastat anae chinna pattanamlo samavesaparachali. modati sankeernam, france mariyu austria yokka praadhamika poraata yodhulu okari uddeshaalapai okaru chaalaa anumanalu vyaktam chesukunnaru, mariyu congress kutra mariyu dautya bhangimala buradalo twaragaa pattalu tappindi. french vaaru modata angeekarinchina daanikante ekkuva bhoobhaganni demand chesaaru. austrianlu niyaminchabadina bhuubhaagaalanu vadulukovadaaniki vimukhata chuupaaru. germany yuvarajulaku vaari nashtalaku pariharam chellinchadaaniki angeekarinchina bhuubhaagaala badileeni rasthat pratinidhulu nirvahinchalekapoyaru ledhaa cheyalekapoyaru. congress samasyalanu marinta teevrataram chestu, france mariyu modati sankeerna mitraraajyaala madhya vidigaa ledhaa samyuktamgaa udriktatalu perigayi. nepuls yokka ferdinand fraansku angeekarinchina kappam chellinchadaaniki niraakarinchaadu, mariyu athani pourulu eee tiraskarananu tirugubaatuto anusarinchaaru. french vaaru naples meeda daadi chesi parthinopian republicnu sthaapinchaaru. sainika maddatunu andinchina french republic prothsahinchina swiss khandaalalo ganatantra tirugubaatu, swiss samakhyanu padagottadaaniki mariyu helvetic republic sthaapanaku daariteesindi.
itara amsaalu perugutunna udriktatalaku dohadapaddayi. 1798loe eejiptuku velutunnappudu, nepolian malta dveepamlo aagipoyi, vaari aastula nundi hospitallarlanu balavantamgaa tolaginchaadu. idhi russia jaar ayina paal kuu kopam teppinchindi, athanu aaa aadesaaniki gourava adhipatigaa unnadu. austrianlu maroka yuddhanni praarambhinchadaaniki kutra pannutunnaarani french directoryki nammakam kaligindi. vaastavaaniki, french ganatantram entha balaheenamgaa anipiste, austrianlu, nepolitanlu, rashyanlu mariyu aangleyulu vaastavaaniki eee avakaasaanni marinta teevramgaa charchinchaaru.
1799loe yuddham praarambhamaindi.
18va sataabdam chivaralo mariyu 19va sataabdam praarambhamlo hobsburg house yokka uttama commanderlalo okaraina austriaku chendina archduke charless, janavari chivaralo austrian sainyaniki naayakatvam vahinchaaru. charless thana sodarudu, pavitra roman chakravarthy frances II nirdesinchina vyuuhampai asantruptigaa unnappatikee, frances mariyu athani salahaadaarulu, oulik council angeekarinchina takkuva pratishtaatmaka pranaalikaku athanu angeekarinchaduh austria rakshanaatmaka yuddhamlo pooraadutundi mariyu danube yokka dakshina odduna, swiss khandala meedugaa mariyu uttara italeeloki nirantara rakshana rekhanu nirvahistundi. aaa archduke sheethaakaalam kosam, augsburgku thoorpu-aagneyamlo friedberglo tananu taanu nilabettukunnadu. athani sainyam letch nadhi vembadi dakshinaana vistarinchi unna augsburg parisaraallooni contonmentlalo sthirapadindi.
1799loe sheethaakaalam prarambhamainappudu, marchi 1naa, general zeane-baptist jordan mariyu athani 25,000 mandhi sainyam, danube sainyam, kehl vadda raine nuu daataayi. swiss alpine kanumalaku cherukokunda austrianlanu nirodhinchaalani aadesinchina jordan, germanyloni sankeerna sainyanni uttara italeelooni mitraraajyaala nundi vaeruchaeyaalani, okarikokaru sahayam cheyakunda nirodhinchaalani yochinchadu. marchi praarambhamlo raine nuu daatadam dwara, 60,000 mandhi anubhavagnulaina sainikulanu mariyu vaari marinta anubhavagnudaina commander generalsimo alegzander suvarovnu pampadaaniki angeekarinchina austria yokka russian mitraraajyaalu charless sainyanni balopetam cheyadaaniki mundu jourdon charya teesukunnadu. inca, french vaaru switzerlandlo antargata kanumalanu kaligi unte, vaaru uttara italii mariyu nairuti germany madhya dalaalanu badilee cheyakunda austrianlanu nirodhinchagalaru mariyu rendu rangasthalaala madhya tama sonta dalaalanu taralinchadaaniki maargaalanu upayoginchagalaru.
danube sainyam nalla adavi gundaa munduku saagi, chivariki eguva swaabiyaalooni saamraajya nagaram fullendorff vadda kendrikrutamai, sarassu constance nundi danube yokka dakshina odduku oka rekhanu erpaatu chesindi. adhe samayamlo, andrey masena aadhvaryamlo switzerland sainyam, luzianstig mariyu feldkirch dwara parvata kanumalalo austrian communication mariyu upasamana maargaalanu kattirinchaalane uddesyamto grissons vaipu munduku saagindi. luis joseph sherer netrutvamloni italii sainyam appatike uttara italeeloki pravesinchi, ferdinand mariyu apasavyamaina nepolitanlanu edurkovataniki munduku saagindi.
1799-1800 yokka pracharalu.
italeelo 1799 dandayaatra praarambhamlo, clenou mariyu athani 4,500 mandhi dalaalu poe nadhi prakkane unna italian graameena praantaallo 4,000 ledhaa anthakante ekkuva mandhi raitula tirugubaatunu prerepinchi, sahayapaddayi, aaa taruvaata saadhaarana tirugubaatu frenchnu nadhi thoorpu odduna padagottindi. clenou dalaalu, mukhyamgaa athani italian matlade adhikarulu kondaru, french adhikaaraaniki vyatiraekamgaa raitulanu prerepinchaaru, aayudhalanu andinchaaru mariyu sainika lakshyalanu suuchimchaaru, mariyu austrian-saayudha raitulanu vaari sainika charyalalo chaerchaaru.
clenou yokka ferrara muttadi.
ferrara kotanu 16va sataabdamloo pope paal V nirminchaaru, dheenini trace italien ledhaa nakshatram shaililo nirminchaaru, idhi pattanam yokka kotala nairuti muulaloe vistarinchi undhi. kotanu kaligi unnavaariki eee praantamloo oka vyuuhaatmaka sthaanaanni andinchindihi idhi french rakshanaku linch-pinn. 1799 vasantakaalamlo, dheeniki cheff-dii-brigade lapoint 2,500 mandhi sainikulatoe naayakatvam vahinchaadu. april 15naa, clenou kotanu sameepinchi daani longipovalani abhyardhinchaadu. commander niraakarinchaadu. clenou nagaranni digbandhinchi, muttadini konasaaginchadaaniki firangulu mariyu dalaala chinna samuuhaanni vadilivesindi. taruvaati moodu rojula paatu, clenou graameena praantaallo gastee chesi, chuttupakkala unna vyuuhaatmaka pradaesaalaina lagoscuro, borgfort mariyu mirandola kotanu swaadheenam chesukunnadu. muttadinchina dalam seyint paal dwaaram nundi aneka daadulu chesindi, veetini tirugubaatu raitulu tippikottaaru. french vaaru ibbandullo unna kotanu rakshinchadaaniki rendu prayatnaalu chesaru modatidi, april 24naa, 400 mandhi modenese dalaanni mirandola vadda tippikottaaru. rendavadi, general montrichard 4,000 mandhi balagaalato munduku saagadam dwara nagara digbandhanaanni penchadaaniki prayatninchaadu. chivaraku, nela chivarilo, pier-augustin hulin yokka oka kaalam vacchi kotanu tirigi sarafara chesindi.
clenou mae 21naa pattanaanni swaadheenam chesukuni, telikapati betaliantho daanini moharinchaadu. ferrara yoodu nivaasitulu clenou dalaalu nagaranni dochukovadaanni nivaarinchadaaniki 30,000 dukaatlanu chellinchaaru; dheenini guardani dalaala vaetanaalanu chellinchadaaniki upayoginchaaru. clenou eee pattanaanni swaadheenam chesukunnappatiki, frenchivaaru ippatikee pattana kotanu kaligi unnaaru. 0800 vadda longipovalani praamaanika abhyardhana chesina taruvaata, adhi tiraskarinchabadindi, clenou thana mortarlu mariyu hovitzerlanu addaginchaalani aadesinchaadu. rendu patrikalu kaalpulu jaripina taruvaata, commandantnu longipovadaaniki mallee pilipinchaaru; kontha alasyam jarigindi, conny 2100 vadda sandhi genda pampabadindi, marusati roeju 0,100 vadda longipovadam mugisindi. kotanu swaadheenam chesukunna taruvaata, clenou 75 kotta phirangi dalaalu, mandugundu samagri mariyu aaru nelala viluvaina saamaagrini kanugonnadu. raitu tirugubaatlu frenchivaarini anichivesaayi, ferraranu swaadheenam chesukovadam dwara, clenou itara french aadheenamlo unna kotalanu gastee, nigha, upasamanam mariyu sarafara dalaala nundi vaeruchaeyadaaniki sahaayapadindi. idhi poe nadhi loyalo panichestunna suvorov yokka pradhana dalaaniki kotalu mariyu vaati rakshana dalaalanu haani kaliginchela chesindi. vesavi kaalamlo, suvarov dalaalu 1799 juun 17naa piasenjaaku paschimaana, tidon nadipai, marokati uttara italeelooni trebbia nadhi mariyu poe, juun 1799loe, juun 1799loe, mariyu 15 augustu 1799naa novi liguer pattanamlo, alessandriaku aagneyamgaa, taanaaro nadipai keelaka sthaanaanni akraminchayi.
1800loe swabialo pracharam.
1800 praarambhamlo, clenou feldjegmister paal, baaran vaan cray aadhvaryamlo swaabiyaalooni germany yokka "keey (icerlich) und keey (oniglich)" (imperial mariyu raayal) sainyaniki badilee cheyabaddaadu. nairuti germanylo 1800 dandayaatra 1800 mae 1naa, shafhousen (switzerland) kuu thoorpuna unna busingen graamamlo praarambhamaindi; brigade general francois gaulus aadhvaryamlo 6,000 mandhi purushulatho kuudina oka chinna dalam 4,000 mandhi purushulanu odinchindi, 7va padaatidala regiment "schroeder" yokka moodu betalianlu, leftinent feeled marshal carle yuzen, prins vaan lothringen-lambesk netrutvamlo unnaayi. eee gharshana taruvaata, abhedyamaina wrttemberg koota, hohentvial, frenchku longipoyindi, dheenilo wrttemberg duke sainika dhairyam yokka apakeerti laenidigaa bhaavinchaadu.
eee encounterla taruvaata, french sainyam hohentveelku vaayuvya disalo unna stock vaipu kadilindi, akkada vaaru austrian dalaanni, cray aadhvaryamlo, raine yokka french sainyam yokka dalaalaku vyatiraekamgaa, zeane victor morau aadhvaryamlo, ingland mariyu stock mariyu meskirch yuddhaalalo nimagnam chesaaru. sarassu sthiraamkam yokka paschima kona vadda unna stock, thoorpu-padmara mariyu vaayuvya-dakshina kuudalini kappi unchindi; idhi mariyu paschimaana unna injin, 14 nelala kritam french nashtaniki guraindi. 1800loe, veroka general, morau, cray yokka 72,000 mandhi sainikulaku vyatiraekamgaa 84,000 mandhi sainikulanu teesukuvacchaadu; french dalaala eee ekagrata austrian sainyanni thoorpu vaipuku nettivesindi. rendu rojula taruvaata, stockch eesaanyaana unna meskirch vadda, moreyu 52,000 mandhi purushulanu teesukuvacchaadu, veerilo 1799loe niraasaparichina french otamini anubhavinchina claud lecorb mariyu dominic vandamme vibhagalu, mariyu cree yokka 48,000 mandhi dalaaniki vyatiraekamgaa etiyanne maerii antoin chhampian dii nansoti yokka anubhavagnulaina aswikadalam. french ekkuva mandhi purushulanu kolpoinappatiki, marosari vaaru austrianlanu maidaanam nundi tarimikottaaru.
eee yuddhaalalo saamraajya nashtalu unnappatikee, clenou yokka drudamaina kshetra naayakatvam atanini leftinent feeled marshalga padoonnati cheyadaaniki daariteesindi. aaa samvatsaram athanu tallion dii visec kumarte ayina vitantuvu maria josephina somsich dii saardnu kooda vivaham chesukunnadu. vaariki samvatsaram chivarilo janminchina maria anae kumarte undhi. 1801 nundi 1805 varaku, britton mariyu nepolian france madhya konasagutunna gharshana nundi austria dhooramgaa undina samayamlo, clenou praaglo oka vibhaagaaniki naayakatvam vahinchaadu mariyu 5va dragoon regimentlo kalnal mariyu nivasiga paeru pondaadu.
nepolian yuddhalu.
nepathyam.
1803 nundi 1815 varaku nepolian yuddhalu anie piluvabade varusa sangharshanhalalo, airopa saktula pottulu modati french saamraajyamaina nepolianku vyatiraekamgaa aidu sankiirnaalanu yerparuchukunnayi. 1789 naati french viplavam dwara chelaregina yuddhaala maadirigaane, eee yuddhalu european sainyala nirmaanam, samstha mariyu sikshanalo viplavaatmaka maarpulu teesukuvacchaayi mariyu apuurvamaina sainikeekaranaku daariteesaayi, pradhanamgaa saamuuhika nirbandha sainika niyamakam kaaranamgaa. french shakti vaegamgaa perigi, airopalo chaalaa bhaganni jayinchindi, conny 1812loe russiapy france vinaasakaramaina dandayaatra tarvaata vaegamgaa kuppakoolindi. nepolian saamrajyam chivariki 1813-1814 dandayaatralalo puurti sainika otamini chavichusindi, phalitamgaa fraanslo borban racharikam punaruddharinchabadindi. nepolian 1815loe adbhutamaina punaragamanam chesinappatiki, dheenini vanda rojulu anie pilustaaru, vaatarloo yuddhamlo athani otami, athani sainyam mariyu tananu taanu vembadinchadam, athani padavee viramana mariyu seyint helena dveepaaniki bahishkarinchadam, nepolian yuddhaalanu muginchaayi.
moodava sankeernam yokka yuddham.
moodava sankeernam, 1803-1806 yuddhamlo, austria, portugal, russia mariyu itarula kootami modati french saamrajyam mariyu daani client raashtraalato poraadaaru. aneka naukaadala yuddhalu samudraalapai niyantrananu nirnayinchinappatikii, yuddham yokka phalitam khandamlo nirnayinchabadindi, pradhanamgaa rendu pradhana bhuu karyakalapalalo. ulm dandayaatralo, clenou yokka sainyam swabialo austrian sainyam longipovadaaniki mundu oke austrian vijayanni saadhinchindi. rendava nirnayaatmaka sanghatanalo, austerlitz yuddhamlo russian mariyu austrian dalaalapai nirnayaatmaka french vijayam austrian dalaalanu tudi longadeesukuni, hobsburg lanu sankeernam nundi bayataku teesindi. idhi khandamlo shaashwata saantini nelakolpaledu. madhya airopalo perugutunna french prabhavam gurinchi prashyan aandolanalu 1806loe naalugo sankeerna yuddhaaniki daariteesaayi, indulo austria paalgonaledu.
danube prachaaram ulmku rahadari.
1805 vesavilo austria yuddhamloki pravesinchina taruvaata, clenou dakshina germanyloni hobsburg sainyamlo cheraadu mariyu hobsburg sainika samsthalo chettanu bahirgatam chesina oka chinna dandayaatralo chikkukunnadu. archduke charless anaaroogyaaniki gurai, kolukovadaniki padavee viramana chesaaru. chakravarthy frances baavamaridi ayina archduke ferdinand siddhaantaparamgaa adhikaaramlo unnadu, conny ferdinand anubhavam, paripakvata ledhaa optitude laeni pratyaamnaayam yokka paelavamaina empika. ferdinand naamamaatrapu adhikaranni konasaginchinappatiki, nirnayaalu carle maak chetullo unchabaddaayi, athanu pirikivadu, nirnayaatmakata laenivaadu mariyu atuvanti mukhyamaina niyaamakaaniki taginavaadu kaadu. inca, maak dandayaatralo mundugaane gayapaddadu, sainyaniki puurti baadhyata vahinchalekapoyadu. tatphalitamgaa, command marintagaa leftinent feeled marshal carle phillip, squargenberg yuvaraju, samarthudaina sainika adhikari, conny intha pedda sainyam yokka kamaandlo inca anubhavam laeni vyaktiki badilee cheyabadindi.
octoberlo swabialo aneka gharshanalato eee pracharam praarambhamaindi. modata, october 8naa, augsburgku vaayuvya disalo unna bavarian pattanam vertingen sameepamlo, murat yokka aswikadalam mariyu lans vii corps yokka grenadierlu austrian dalaanni sagam parimaanamlo aascharyaparicharu. austrianlu varusalo samavesamayyaru, austrianlu tama rakshana chaturasraalanu yerparachukune mundu aswikadalam mariyu grenadierlu vaarini narikivesaaru. daadaapu 3,000 mandini bandhinchaaru. oka roeju taruvaata, danubeku dakshinaana unna gunj burg vadda, french vaaru mallee austrian dalaanni kalusukunnaru; general maak oka pranaalikanu nirnayinchalekapoyadu, mariyu line yokka french 59va regiment danube meeda vantenapai daadi chesi, avamaanakaramaina episodelo, ulm vaipu rendu pedda austrian stambhaalanu vembadinchindi. eee charyalo, frenchivaaru danube nadipai oka mukhyamaina vantenanu bhadraparichaaru.
french vijayala paramparatho, leftinent feeled marshal clenou nashtaalato nindina prachaaramlo ekaika aasha kiranaanni andinchaadu. ulm-junginjen vadda, clenou thana 25,000 padaatidalam mariyu aswikadalaanni pradhana rakshanaatmaka sthithilo erpaatu chesaadu mariyu october 11naa, division dupan dii ell 'ettang yokka athi-aatmavisvaasamto kuudina general 8,000 kante takkuva mandhi sainikulatoe clenou dalampai daadi chesaadu. french 1,500 mandhi maraninchi, gayapaddaru, 900 mandhi swaadheenam chesukunnaru, 11 tupaakulu mariyu 18 mandugundu samagri vyaganlu swaadheenam chesukunnaru, conny bahusha ekkuva praamukhyata kaligina 15va mariyu 17va dragoonla saamraajya eagles mariyu guidenlanu austrianlu swaadheenam chesukunnaru.
haslatch-jungingen yuddhamlo clenou vijayam saadhinchinappatikii, austrianlu athani chuttoo tama sthaanaalanu nilabettukolekapoyaru, mariyu mottam rekha ulm vaipu tirogaminchindi. nepolian yokka merupu dandayaatra austrian balaheenatalanu, mukhyamgaa nirnayaatmaka aadhesha nirmaanam mariyu paelavamaina sarafara upakaranaalanu bahirgatam chesindi. austrianlu mandugundu samagri takkuvagaa undi, thupaakeelu lekunda undipoyaaru. sainyam yokka bhagalu, vibhajana dwara vibhajinchabaddaayi, okadaanikokati vaeru cheyabaddaayi. maak yokka astavyastamaina aadesaalu mariyu vaari [dalaalu] vaari naamamaatrapu commander ayina ferdinandpy perugutunna vishwaasam lekapovadam valla" manosthairyam ksheeninchindi. ulmku dakshinaana unna memmingen vadda austrian longubaatu taruvaata, october 14naa biberac velupala jarigina elchingen yuddhamlo french vaaru austrianlapy manosthairyaanni penchukunnaaru. ikkada, ulmku eesaanyamgaa, danubeku koddigaa uttaraana, nee yokka vi corps (20,000 mandhi purushulu) thalfingenloni austrian reserve artillery paarkulo sagam swaadheenam chesukunnaru. maroe debbalo, feeled marshal raish french kosam surakshitam cheyani danube vantenalanu naasanam cheyalekapoyadu. nee vijaya birudunu andukunnadu, duke off ellingen.
eee samayamlo, clenou yokka kaalamtho sahaa mottam austrian dalam ulm mariyu daani parisaraalaloki upasamharinchukundi mariyu nepolian swayamgaa II, V, vi corps, nee yokka aswikadalam mariyu imperial gaardku naayakatvam vahinchadaaniki vacchaadu, daadaapu 80,000 mandhi purushulu. arch duke ferdinand mariyu dozenu aswikadalam dalaalu french sainyam gundaa doosukelli bohemiaku paaripoyaayi. mallii, athanu maantuvaalo unnappudu, clenou tappinchukoleni muttadilo chikkukunnadu, mallii, october 21naa, carle maak 20,000 padaatidalam mariyu 3,273 aswikadalam chuttoo unna sainyanni longadeesukunnappudu, nibandhanalanu charchinchadaaniki sahayam chesaadu. clenou mariyu itara adhikarulu marpidi ayye varaku fraansku vyatiraekamgaa panicheyakudadane sharatuto vidudala cheyabaddaaru, eee oppandaaniki vaaru kattubadi unnaaru.
vienna dwara danube paie charya.
austrianlu 1806-1808 loe pooraataaniki dhooramgaa undi, arch duke charless darsakatvam vahinchina sainika punarvyavastheekaranalo nimagnamayyaru. vaaru fraansku vyatiraekamgaa poraatamlo chaeradaaniki siddhamgaa unnappudu, 1809 vasanta mariyu vesavilo, austrian sainyam eee kshetraanni tirigi roopondinchindi. ayithe, aidava sankeerna yuddhamlo vaari antargata sainika punarvyavastheekarana unnappatikee, sainyam thana gajibijigaa unde command nirmaanaanni chaalaa varaku konasaaginchindi, idhi aadesaala jaarii mariyu dalaala sakalamlo pampineeni klishtataram chesindi. 1809loe austrian sainyam eee praantaanni swaadheenam chesukunnappudu, sainyam yokka sarvonnata commander ayina archduke charless thana sodarudu jaanku paristhitini vivarinchadamtho, "[hobsburg] raajavamsam manugada kosam" poraadaaru.
viyannaku uttaraana unna danubian maidaanaalalo, aspern-nessling mariyu vagram yokka vesavi yuddhalu 1809 dandayaatra phalitaanni roopondinchaayi. clenou yokka dalaalu rendintiloonuu keelaka paatra poeshinchaayi. aspern-nessling vadda, uttara airopalo modatisaarigaa nepolian sainyam nirnayaatmakamgaa odipoyindi, idhi airopa yajamanini swayamgaa praaveenyam pondagaladani niroopinchindi. vagramlo vaari otami taruvaata, austrianlu moravialoki upasamharinchukunnaaru, frenchnu danube loyaloni aaa bhagampai niyantranalo unchaaru; vagramlo ippati varaku jarigina atipedda european bhuu-yuddham, france mariyu aame mitraraajyaala kosam 262 betalianlu mariyu 202 squadronlu-153,000 mandhi purushulu, mariyu 160 betalianlu mariyu 150 squadronlu-135,000 mandhi purushulu-austrian vaipu.
clenou kosam, 1809 april 22naa aagneya germanylo ekmuhl (konnisaarlu egmuhl anie pilustaaru) yuddhamlo eee dandayaatra chedugaa praarambhamaindi. clenou advance gaardku naayakatvam vahinchaadu, indulo 2va "arch duke charless" dalam, mervelt "uhlanen" mariyu aswikadalam battery unnaayi. archduke charless nepolian uddeshaalanu tappugaa chadivi, yuddhamlo prayojanaanni kolpoyadu. clenou yokka vibhagam teevramgaa debbatindi mariyu luis friant yokka aswikadalam daadiloo "arch duke charless" dalam daadaapu tudichipettukupoyindi. clenou paarsvamlo rosenberg yokka vibhagam kooda teevramgaa debbatindi mariyu bhaarii praananashtaaniki guraindih 534 mandhi maraninchaaru, 637 mandhi gayapaddaru, 865 mandhi tappipoyaaru mariyu 773 mandhi pattubaddaru.
ekmul vadda vipattu taruvaata april 23naa regensburg (ratisban yuddham anie kooda pilustaaru) loe marokati jarigindi, ikkada mervelt yokka uhlanen (lancerlu) yokka aaru squadronla adhipatigaa unna clenou, etiyenne maerii antoin chhampian dii nansouty yokka bhaarii aswikadalam chetha chuurnam cheyabadi chellacheduruga undhi. clenou mariyu majer general peater vessie "clenou" chevax legarlatho nansouty dalampai tirigi daadi chesaaru. vaari daadi pramukha french squadranlanu venakki visirinappatikee, french bhaarii aswikadalam tirigi vacchi, husaarlu mariyu "chassers" thoo kalisindi. meleelo, frenchnu austrian nundi vaeru cheyadam kashtam, conny chivariki french gurram austrian paarsvaanni adhigaminchi, vaatini regensburg dwaaraalaku nettivesindi.
aspern mariyu esselling.
1809 mae natiki, austrianlu viyannaku drushya dhooram lopaliki nettabaddaru, mariyu danube nadhi odduna oka klishtamaina nischitaarthamlo, french mariyu vaari mitraraajyaalu austrianlatho marchfeld maidaanampai niyantrana kosam poraadaaru. french vaaru lobou dveepaanni kaligi unnaaru, idhi oka mukhyamaina nadhi paarinche pradaesam, mariyu austrianlu thoorpuna marinta ettaina pradaesaalanu kaligi unnaaru. vaati madhya aneka gramalu unnaayi, vaatilo rendu nischitaarthaaniki kendramgaa unnaayi mariyu yuddhaaniki daani paerunu ichaih avi viyannaku chaalaa daggaragaa unnaayi, yuddhanni nagara prakaaraala nundi chudavachu mariyu vinavacchu mariyu aspern mariyu essling (german bhaashalo essling anie kooda pilustaaru) nedu austrian rajadhani jilla donastadlo bhaagam. aspern-essling yuddhamlo, clenou daadaapu 6,000 mandhi free-standing forsenu aadesinchaadu, indulo 1va "jagger" betalian, 3va padaatidala regiment "arch duke charless" yokka moodu betalianlu, enimidi squadronlu "stepsics" hussars mariyu "schwarzenberg" uhlans, mariyu 64 tupaakula gurrapu phirangi battery unnaayi. austrian command nirmaanamloo vilakshanhamaina gandaragolam antey athanu thana aadesaalanu aalasyamgaa andukunnadu, mariyu clenou moharinchadamlo alasyam antey athani manushulu pagatipuuta mariyu daggari kramamlo french III corpsnu sameepinchaaru; maidaanamlo rendu tupaakula french battery, austrian shrenulalo enfilade fair yokka "narikivesina bochulu".
mantalu endipoyinappatiki, clenou yokka sainyam esselling anchuku cherukundi, akkada athani manushulu 64 phirangi dalaalanu erpaatu chesi, daadaapu oka ganta paatu frenchpy bambu daadi chesaaru. tuphaanu dwara gramanni swaadheenam chesukuni, austrian aswikadalam uttaraana nundi graamamloki pravesinchindi, mariyu french vaaru kramabaddhamaina purogati loe bayataku nettabaddaru. clenou yokka byaatariilu graamaaniki dakshinaana french aadheenamlo unna vantenalapai kaalpulu jarapagaligayi, vaatipai french vaaru venakki taggavalasi vachindi. intinti teevramaina poraatamlo, austrianlu graamamloki pravesinchaaru. rendava mariyu moodava antastulalo frenchnu vaari sthaanaala nundi tolaginchadaaniki hangerian grenadierlu viphalamainanduna, dhanyam gaddi vadda poraatam mukhyamgaa krooramgaa jarigindi. april 22 tellavaarujaamuna yuddham tirigi praarambhamaindi. masena austrianlanu aspern nundi tolaginchindi, conny athanu alaa chestunnappudu, rosenberg yokka sainyam esselling vadda zeane lans sthaanaanni aakraminchindi. vincent seyint-hiler vibhagam dwara balopetam cheyabadina lans, taruvaata rosenbergnu esselling nundi tarimikottindi. aspern vadda, hiller mariyu bellegaardla prati-daadula dwara masenanu tarimikottaaru.
intalo, nepolian austrian center vadda pradhana sainyampai daadi praarambhinchaadu. clenou yokka balam madhyalo takshana kudi paarsvamlo, lans yokka daadi chese saktiki edurugaa nilichindi. french aswikadalam, reservelo, austrian rekha modata ekkada virigindi anae daanipai aadharapadi, yea paarsvamloonainaa ledhaa kendraaniki velladaaniki siddhamgaa undhi. french daadaapu madhyalo pravesinchindi, conny chivari nimishamlo, charless thana chivari rijarvto vacchaadu, chetilo oka rangutho thana sainikulanu nadipinchaadu. lans tanikhi cheyabadindi, mariyu daadi yokka prerana line antataa mugisindi. yuddham chivari gantalalo, clenou phirangula nundi vacchina phirangipotuto lans swayamgaa narikiveyabaddaadu. aspern french chetilo odipoyaadu. french vaaru aadhaarapadina danube vantenalanu austrianlu nadipai vadilipettina bhaarii padavala dwara mallee kattirinchaaru. athanu nadhi meedugaa thana marganni kolpoinappudu, nepolian ventane daadini nilipivesaadu. essinglo thana naayakatvam kosam, clenou commander yokka sainika arder off maria therissa siluvanu andukunnadu.
irupakshaalu daadaapu 28,000 mandhi sainikulanu gayalu mariyu maranaalaku kolpoyayi. nepolianku, dheeni shakti takkuvagaa undhi, nashtalu marinta khareedainavi. charless kosam, vienna prakaaraala drushya paridhiloo jarigina vijayam, ataniki hafbergloni hocks ledhaa yuddha anukuula party nundi maddatunu geluchukundi. aspern-nessling vadda austrian vijayam nepoliyannu odinchavachani niroopinchindi. athani sainyam vibhajinchabadindi (davot yokka dalaalu danube meeda ennadoo cherukoledu), mariyu nepolian austrian saktini takkuvagaa anchanaa vaesaadu mariyu murry mukhyamgaa, austrianlu esselling vanti paristhitulalo chuupina pattudala, clenou thana dalaanni satruvu kaalpula kinda bahiranga desham antataa kavaatu chesinappudu. aspern-nessling taruvaata, nepolian austrian sainikudi gurinchi thana abhiprayanni savarinchaadu.
vagram.
aspern-nessling yuddham mariyu vagram yuddham (juulai 5-6) madhya virama samayamlo charless aneka mailla podavaina kandakaanni nirminchaalani aadesinchaadu, conny thana balagalanu penchadaaniki aemee cheyaledu. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, danube kuu avatali vaipuna, nepolian italii mariyu hangari nundi adanapu dalaalanu teesukuvacchaadu. vagram vadda yuddhaaniki mundu roeju, clenou anaaroogyaaniki guraina general johann vaan hiller sthaanamlo, vi corps yokka 13,740 mandhi sainikulaku naayakatvam vahinchaadu, mariyu armond vaan nordman athani sthaanamlo advance gaardu commanderga niyaminchabaddaadu. clenou yokka dalaalu pradhana austrian dalaaniki mundu nilabadi unnaayi. sumaru 8,000 mandhi purushulu gala dalaalu, marchfeld maidaanamlo french purogatini vyatiraekimchaalani aadesinchaaru. madhyahnam natiki, nepolian yokka bhaarii shakti mokkajonna kshetraala gundaa vaari vaipu munduku saagadam clenou chudagaligindi. clenou utsaahamgaa, kramamga rusbatch vadda austrian rekha venuka, mariyu vagram escorpment paina unna sthaanaaniki upasamharinchukunnaadu; idhi aspern mariyu eselingtho sahaa marchfield maidaanaaniki paschima anchuna unna aneka gramalanu french swaadheenam chesukovadaniki bahirgatam chesindi.
yuddham yokka marusati roeju, french dalaalalo bhayandolanalanu prerepinchadaaniki uttama maargamgaa charless oohinchina nepolian dalaanni double-development puurti cheyadaaniki clenounu munduku vellamani aadesinchaaru. tellavaarujaamuna, ledhaa 0400 vadda, athani phirangi daadi boudet yokka masena yokka IV corps vibhajanapai vidhvamsam srushtinchindi; masena boudetku maddatugaa claud legrand aadhvaryamlo maroka vibhaganni pampindi. rendu nelala kritam jarigina adhe teevramaina pootii lekunda clenou yokka dalaalu esselling mariyu aspern rendintinee tirigi pondagaligaayi. clenou yokka balagalu marinta munduku saagalekapoyinappatiki, sagam pinsar kadalika baga jarugutondihi lobou dveepamlooni tupaakulu marinta purogatini nirodhinchaayi. athani paarsvamlo kollorat dalaala nundi etuvanti maddatu ledhu, mariyu pinsar kadalika yokka mugimpu praamganam kosam, arch duke zaan ekkada kanipinchaledu; athanu thana saamaanu vidichipettaledu, mariyu nemmadigaa, thana sainyamtho, yuddhabhumi vaipu payanistuu unnadu, conny ippatikee oka manchi roeju prayaanam dhooramlo undhi. french linelo mailu dhooram antaram, austrian aswikadalam munduku saginappatiki, clenou manushulu andrey masena yokka sudeergha madhyahna daadiki vyatiraekamgaa vaarini nirodhinchalekapoyaru. clenou dalaalu mondi pattudalatho tama sthaanaalaku atukkupoyinappudu charless vagram vadda thana command post nundi chushadu, conny masena dalaala yokka bharinchaleni purogati chuusi munigipoyaadu, dheenini clenou taruvaata "masena yokka narakapu kaalam" anie pilichadu. clenou moravialo sainyam tirogamanam kosam venuka gaardunu erpaatu chesi, thana balagamlo 15 saatam kolpoyadu. french anveshanhalo kontha bhaganni nirdesinchina general rene saavarii, clenou sainikulu "ativegam chese yea vyaktiloonainaa jagrattagaa pravartinchelaa lekkinchina vidhamgaa poraadaaru" anie raasaaru."
paryavasanalu.
paryavasanamga, austria sankeernam nundi vaidoligindi. france vaarini puurtigaa odinchanappatikii, 1809 aktobaru 14naa santakam chesina sconbrun oppandam bhaarii raajakeeya, praadaesika, aardhika dharanu vidhinchindi. france carinthia, carneola mariyu adriatic naukaasrayaalanu andukundi, ayithe galicia france yokka mitraraajyamaina polandku ivvabadindi. salzberg praantam french mitradesamaina bavariaku vellindi. austria moodu millionlaku paiga prajalanu kolpoyindi, idhi aame mottam janabhalo 20 saatam, idhi austria feelding cheyagala sainika saktini natakeeyamgaa tagginchindi. frances daadaapu 85 million fraanklaku samaanamaina nashtapariharanni chellinchadaaniki kooda angeekarinchaadu, speyin rajuga joseph bonaparteku gurtimpu icchaadu mariyu nepolian khandantara vyavasthalo hobsburg bhagaswamyanni dhruvikarinchaadu. nepolian thana kumarte maerii luisto vivaham chesukovadaniki frances ayishtamgaane angeekarinchaadu, idhi bhavishyat muppuga austrianu tolagistundani nepolian tappugaa bhaavinchaadu.
1813loe jarigina swaatantyra yuddham.
nepolian 1812loe thana vinaasakaramaina russian dandayaatralo palgonnadu; 1813 natiki, sainika prakruti drushyam natakeeyamgaa bhinnamgaa undedi. nepolian kaaranam nundi vaidoligina modatidi prussia; bahusha berlinlo grande armi avasheshaala raaka adhi surakshitam matrame kaadu, prayojanakaramainadani prussian naayakatvaanni oppinchindi. nepolian dandayaatra dhala avasheshaalu 1813 praarambhamlo bhayankaramaina paristhitiloo russia nundi tirigi vachayi. ii corps loe, asalu 70,000 mandhi purushulalo 2,281 mandhi matrame sameekarinchagaligaaru. saamraajya raksaka balagalu 50,000 nundi 1,533kii padipoyayi, vaarilo 200 mandhi vichhedanam, manchu kaatu ledhaa gaayaala valla vikalangulayyaru. kontamandi charitrakaarulu eee konni nelallo nepolian vyatiraekata yokka swabhaavam, raajavamsaala vyatiraekata nundi mottam prajala vyatiraekata varaku maarindani, aarava sankeerna yuddhaaniki daani jaateeyavaada swabhaavaanni ichindani suuchistunnaaru.
april chivari natiki, french dalaalu leapsig meeda niyantrana saadhinchaayi. mae 2naa, nepolian oka samyukta prussian mariyu russian dalaanni oka uchhulo padeyamani pralobhapettaadu. russia commander peater whitzenstein, trachenberg pranaalika yokka praathamika aadesaanni vismarinchi, nepolian leepjignu swaadheenam chesukovadanni raddu cheyadaaniki prayatninchaadu. oka roeju bhaarii poraatam taruvaata, samyukta dalaalu venakki taggai. konni vaaraala taruvaata, mae 1813loe jarigina batzen yuddhamlo, russian mariyu russian samyukta dalaalu gandaragolamlo nee yokka dalaalanu aascharyaparichayi, idhi nepolian balagaalato kanipinchinappudu naasanam nundi thrutilo tappinchukundi. michel nee tirogamanaanni nirodhinchadamlo viphalamainanduna bahirgatamaina blutcher mariyu whitzenstein tappinchukunnaaru. varusa vijayalu saadhinchinappatikii, nepolian juun praarambhamlo yuddha viramananu korukunnadu, varusa charchalu jaragadaniki veelugaa, praaglo jarigindi. 1813 juun 4naa santakam chesina poiswitz yuddha viramana, madhya mariyu thoorpu airopa antataa kaalpula viramananu erpaatu chesindi, idhi juulai madhya varaku konasaagaalani uddesinchabadindi; daani mugimpu gurinchi poraata yodhulu aaru rojula notice ivvalsi vachindi. vividha aasaktigala paarteelu-russian, prussian, austrian, saxon, swedish, bavarian, british mariyu itarulu-kotta pottula avakaasaalanu anveshinchaaru.
sankeerna vyuuhamloo maarpulu.
1799loe rasthat loe jarigina paristhiti maadirigaane pratinidhulu praaglo godava padutunnappudu, doutyavettalu kotta pottulanu roopondinchadaaniki yuddha praantam antataa mariyu airopa rajadhaanulalo charchalu jaripaaru. tadupari aarava sankeernam (russia, russia, britton, sweeden, chivariki austria) munupati sankiirnaala nundi gananeeyamgaa bhinnamgaa undhi. paalgonevaaru tama sainyalanu okadaanikokati swatantramgaa vyavastheekarinchina munupati sankiirnaala maadirigaa kakunda, aarava sankeerna mitraraajyaalu bahula-jaateeya sainyalanu srushtinchaayi. idhi siddhaantaparamgaa rendu lakshyalanu saadhinchindihi nepolian vaatini mukkaluga odinchalekapoyindi, mariyu oke saayudha dalamlo aneka raashtraala sainikula uniki jaateeya swaartham yokka raajakeeya prerepita charyalanu parimitam chesindi."1813 juulai 26naa general derr cavallary (puurti general) gaa padoonnati pondina clenou, bohemia sainyamlo swatantra dalaaniki naayakatvam vahinchaadu. eee bohemia sainyam aarava sankeerna samsthaagata pathakamlo atipedda vyatyaasaalalo okadaanni vivarinchindihi indulo 127,435 mandhi austrianlu, 78,200 mandhi rashyanlu mariyu 44,907 mandhi prussianlu unnaaru.
sankeernam vaerae kaaryaacharana pranaalikanu kooda anusarinchindi. sankeernam yokka kaaryaacharana vyuuham daani vividha saktulanu kendrikruta vruttaalalo, saxonylo oke binduvuku daggaragaa teesukuvacchindi. treachenberg pranaalika anie piluvabade aarava sankeerna nirvahana pranaalika sainyam nundi praathamika company sthaayi varaku commanderla kosam spashtamaina, sankshiptamaina mariyu nirdishta maargadarsakaalanu erpaatu chesindi takkuva sthaayi satruvupai daadi cheyandi; unnatamaina satruvupai rakshanaatmakamgaa vyavaharinchandi, anni sthaayilalo commanderlaku nepolian mariyu athani sainyam yokka muppunu takkuvagaa anchanaa vese pramaadaanni nokki chebutundi. kotta pranaalika mitraraajyaala dalaalanu moodu sainyalaga vibhajinchindihi silasia, bohemia mariyu uttara germany. prussianlu mariyu rashyanlatho kuudina silatian sainyam 50,000 mandhi sainikulanu silasia provincelo vadili, migilina 100,000 mandini 120,000 mandhi austrianlatho saxonylo chaeradaaniki taralinchindi. sweeden yuvaraju, france maajee marshal mariyu nepoliyanlaku ishtamaina zeane-baptist bernadotte, hamberg mariyu lubec vadda pariseelana sainyanni sthaapinchaadu, inca berlinku nairuti disalo 70,000 mandhi kendrikrutamai unnaaru. eee pranaalikanu upayoginchi, sankeernam nepolian mariyu athani mitradeshaalanu marinta chinna kaaryaacharana vruttamloki nettivesindi. siddhaantaparamgaa, idhi nepolian yokka saktini kendrikarinchinappatiki, idhi athani yukti empikalanu kooda parimitam chesindi. inca, idhi french mariyu mitraraajyaala sainyala chuttoo sankeerna dalaalanu kendrikarinchindi, chivariki dresdenloni saxon nagarallo, aapai leepjiglo kendrikarinchindi.
dresden yuddham.
vyuuhaatmakamgaa, dresden yuddham sankeerna vyuuhamlooni samasyalanu pradarsinchindi. augustu 25naa, mugguru chakravartulu-russiaku chendina alegzander II, austriaku chendina frances II, prussiaku chendina frederic vilium III-mariyu vaari sibbandi tama vyuuhaanni charchinchadaaniki nagaram yokka oka pakkadaari meeda samavesamayyaru. nagaram yokka balaheenamaina rakshanalu eee anukuula sthaanam nundi spashtamgaa unnaih marshal seyint-sir aadhvaryamlo 20,000 mandhi french mariyu saxon sainikula dalam aaa parimaanamlo unna nagaranni kaligi undaalani aasinchalekapoyindi. gatamlo france generalga, 1813 natiki sankiirnaaniki salahadaruga unna jaar mariyu general zeane victor morau, ventane daadi cheyalanukunnaru; squargenberg adanapu dalaalu vachhe varaku vechi undaalani korukunnadu.
oka roeju vechi undatam dwara, sankeernam prayojanaanni kolpoyindi. sankeernam nagaramloni dakshina shivaaru praantaalapai daadi cheyadamtho, uttara mariyu paschima praantaala nundi nepolian gaardu mariyu marmont yokka vi carpsto moodu rojula paatu balavantamgaa kavaatu chestu vachindi. clenou yokka dalaala yokka pradhana bhagalu sainyam yokka edama paarsvamlo unchabaddaayi, pradhana bhaagam nundi viceritz dwara vaeru cheyabaddaayi, daadaapu oka vaaram varsham taruvaata varadalu vachayi. marshal jochim murat eee ontaritanaanni sadviniyogam chesukuni austrianlaku bhaarii nashtanni kaliginchaadu. austrian sainyam nundi clenou yokka dalaalanu vaeru chestu, oka french paalgonevaaru, murat carabineers mariyu curassiers talapai tananu taanu visurutaadu. athani udyamam nirnayaatmakamainadi; clenou aaa bhayankaramaina daadini tattukolekapoyadu. daadaapu athani betalianlanni tama aayudhalanu vadulukovalasi vachindi, padaatidalamlooni maroe rendu vibhagalu tama vidhini panchukunnayi."leftinent feeled marshal joseph, baaran vaan mesco dii felso-kubini, inca vaari regimental mariyu company rangulalo 15 vibhagala aadhvaryamlo aidu padaatidala regimentla (15,000 mandhi purushulu) vibhaganni murat chekkuchedarakunda swaadheenam chesukunnadu. edama rekka vichchinnam kaavadamtho, french paarsvam meedaki doosukellindi; kudi rekka kooda venakki nettabadindi, mottam dalam upasamharinchukovalasi vachindi.
ayithe, dresden takshana rakshana tarvaata, nepolian paristhiti ksheeninchindi. vandamme seyint maddatu pondaalani aasistuu, tirogamana bohemia sainyanni vembadinchaadu. ippatikee dresdenlo bijeegaa unna sair mariyu general mermont. vandamme austerman-tolstoy netrutvamloni russian dalaanni sameepinchaadu, conny athanu parvatam nundi bohemiaku digutunnappudu athani venuka asurakshitamaina loyanu vadili vellaadu. athanu austerman-tolstoy thoo poraadutunnappudu, athanu thana venuka konni dalaalanu chushadu, avi tvaralo atanipai daadi chesaayi; tadwara rendu vaipula nundi muttadinchabaddaayi, athani yuva dalaalu tamanu taamu rakshinchukolekapoyayi; kulm yuddhamlo, vandamme thana mottam firangulanu kolpoyadu, mariyu austrianlu general thoo sahaa sumaru 7,500 mandhi khaideelanu pondaaru.
dresdenku uttaraana, nepolian nischitaartham chesinatlu kanipinchadamtho, marekkadaina chuustuu, blutcher thana dalaalanu dakshinaana, nagaram vaipu teesukuvacchaadu. pramaadaanni grahinchina nepolian, prussianlanu tippikottadaaniki thana pradhana sainyanni mallee uttaraana nadipinchaadu; athanu alaa chestunnappudu, vilae blutcher upasamharinchukunnaadu. french sainyamlooni itara bhagalu polchadagina ibbandulanu edurkonnaayi. marshal audinotnu grosberren yuddhamlo bernadot mariyu bobar nadhi sameepamlo mcdonald tippikottaaru. antekakunda, nepolian anaarogyamtho badhapadatam praarambhinchindi, dheenini peddapregu ledhaa alasata anie pilustaaru.
leapsig yuddham.
october 12 nundi 15 varaku, leapsig yuddhaaniki (16-19 october) praarambhamlo jarigina kotlatala rojulalo, clenou yokka sainyam bhaareega rakshinchabadina graamamaina leibert volkvitznu swaadheenam chesukundi, conny french eduru daadiloo balavantamgaa bayataku pampabadindi. charchi smasaanavaatikalo chanipoyina austrianlanu bionetlatho godalaku kattinatlu oka samakaaleena sakshi taruvaata vivarinchaadu. clenou yokka praathamika lakshyam libert wolkwitz graamam. athanu graamaaniki thoorpuna muppai samvatsaraala yuddhamlo rakshanaatmaka avasheshamaina "schwedenshanz" (swedish koota) anie kooda piluvabade sameepamloni ettaina kolbergnu swaadheenam chesukunnadu mariyu akkada oka byaatareeni erpaatu chesaadu, conny daaniki maddatu ivvadaaniki taginanta dalaalanu teesukuraavaledu. 4, 000 mandhi jackwess mcdonald padaatidalam daadi chesi kondanu bhadraparichindi; clenou yokka aswikadalam frenchivaarini venakki nettagaliginappatiki, vaaru kondanu tirigi swaadheenam chesukolekapoyaru. eee charyalo, clenou sonta gurraanni kalchi champaru, athanu dadapuga bandhinchabaddaadu, conny athanu thana shreniki tirigi raavadaaniki kashtapaddadu, thana manushulanu punarvyavastheekarinchaadu.
chivariki, clenou yokka dalaalu graamam mariyu kolbergnu anekasaarlu swaadheenam chesukunnayi, french vaaru vaarini tarimikottadaaniki, edurudaadi cheyadaaniki, tirogamananiki, edurudaadi cheyadaaniki mariyu tirogamananiki, mariyu eee edurudaadi, clenou yokka dalaalu anubhavinchina daadulu, edurudaadi, yuddhaaniki pratyekamainavi. yuddham yokka klishtamaina modati roeju, october 16naa, french 100-tupaakula phirangi barrage clenou paarsvamlo russian mariyu russian dalaala madhya rekhalo oka randhram cheyavalasi vachindi. murat yokka aswikadalam randhram meeda daadi chesinappudu, clenou yokka dalaalu, alaage reserve aswikadalam, chivariki murat yokka dalaalanu french phirangula mukhadvaaraaniki tirigi balavantam chesaayi. clenou yokka sainyam colberg vadda oka dalaanni vadili, oka chinna tirogamanam chesindi. madhyahnam natiki, mitraraajyaala stambhaalu vaati prarambha sthaanaalaku nadapabaddayi, conny vaati rekhanu konasaginchayi; rekhalo oka bhaagam balavantamgaa venakki velladamtho, daani paarsvaalu daanitoe paatu tirigi padipoyayi, nirantara rekhanu konasaginchayi mariyu french parshwa karyakalapalanu nirodhinchaayi. eee modati roeju charyalo, clenou yokka sainyam yuvaraju schwarzenberg yokka pradhana sainyanni mcdonald pakkaku tippakunda nirodhinchadamlo keelaka paatra pooshinchindi. 16va thedhee raatri, clenou rojanta pooraadina kolbergnu french niyantrinchindi, mariyu oka hessian sainikudu ilaa vraasaadu "eee dandayaatralo memu anubhavinchina atyanta ghoramaina dwaipaakshika yuddham idhi. vaataavaranam tadigaa, gaalulato kuudinadigaa undedi... manushulu mariyu gurraala raktam padee guntala nundi neetini upayoginchaalsi vachindi... mariyu sagam mandhi purushulu anni samayaallo aayudhaala kinda undipoyaaru."
clenou mariyu dresden muttadi.
yuddham taruvaata, mitraraajyaala adhishtanam dresden vadda pedda french rakshana dalaanni digbandham cheyadaaniki clenounu niyaminchindi. bohemia sainyamlooni athani IV austrian dalaalalo elti division kooda undhi. general alegzander ivanovic, count austerman-tolstoy, mariyu majer general alexey nikolayevich titov yokka sainyam, mottam 41,000 mandhi dalaalu. clenou chivariki longipovadaaniki charchalu jaripaaru, dheenilo french dalaalu aaru nelala paatu mitraraajyaalato poradakudadane sharathupai tama gowravaalatho fraansku tirigi vastaayi. marshal laurent dii gauvian seyint-sir november 11naa clenouku longipoyadu, conny schwarzenberg longipovadaaniki angeekarinchadaaniki niraakarinchaadu mariyu french dalaalu badulugaa austrialoki cheraloki vellaayi. vijaetalu 94 french feeled ganlu mariyu 151 saxon fort ganlanu teesukoni, saxony raajyampai french puurti niyantrana nundi swaadheenam chesukunnaru.
fraanslo yuddham 1814-1815 mariyu yuddhaanantara vrutti.
1814 dandayaatrala samayamlo, clenou bohemia sainyamtho undipoyindi, endukante idhi aagneya nundi, seen nadhi loya gundaa nemmadigaa paarisnu sameepinchindi. sainyalu entha vaerugaa unnayo antagaa untaayi. vaari samachara marpidi whitzenstein aswikadalam mariyu konni kramarahita kosakla dwara nirvahinchabadutundi, idhi trachenberg pranaalikaku neerugaa vyatiraekam. nepolian vaaru cheyalanukuntunnadi idhe anie schwarzenbergku telusu, conny ayishtamgaane daaniki angeekarinchaadu.
aaa taruvaata, clenou italeelo "corps clenou" anie piluvabade oka dalaaniki naayakatvam vahinchaadu. 1815loe yuddham mallee mugisina taruvaata, clenou moravia mariyu sailsialo commanding generalga niyaminchabaddaadu. athanu 1819 aktobaru 6naa aadhunika check republickloni brano vadda thana maranam varaku eee padavini nirvahinchaaru.