
kmjime eah

kmjime eah (koaa, shkova, kosh) anedi oka kmjime, idhi kovvu aamlaala samslaeshanha mariyu aakseekaranalo daani paatraku mariyu citric aamlam chakramlo pairuvet aakseekaranaku prasiddhi chendindi. kmjime eah nii uparitalamgaa upayoginche encode enjaimlanu ippati varaku kramabaddheekarinchina anni janyuvulu, mariyu sumaru 4 saatam cellular enjaimlu dheenini (ledhaa theoester) uparitalamgaa upayogistaayi. maanavulalo, koaa biosynthesisku systeine, pantothenate (vitamin bii5) mariyu adenosine trifasphate (etipi) avasaram.
daani acetyl roopamlo, kmjime eah anedi atyanta bahumukha anuvu, idhi anabolic mariyu catabolic margalalo jeevakriya vidhulanu andistundi. acetyl-cova anedi pairuvet samslaeshanha mariyu ksheenata vibajananu nirvahinchadaaniki mariyu maddatu ivvadaaniki pairuvet dehydrogenase mariyu carboxylase yokka post-translational regulation mariyu allosteric regulationlo upayoginchabadutundi.
nirmaanaanni kanugonadam.
1946loe fritz lipman kmjime eah nuu gurtinchaadu, taruvaata athanu kooda dheeniki aaa paeru pettadu. 1950la praarambhamlo landanlooni lister institutelo haarvard medical school mariyu masachusets general hospitalloni lipman mariyu itara kaarmikulu kalisi dheeni nirmaanaanni nirnayinchaaru. lipman modatlo jantuvulalo acetyl badileeni adhyayanam cheyaalani bhaavinchaadu, eee prayogaala nundi enjaim saralalo laeni, conny jantuvula anni avayavaalalo spashtamgaa kanipinche oka pratyaekamaina karakanni gamaninchaadu. athanu pandhi kaaleyam nundi karakanni veruchesi, suddhi cheyagaligadu mariyu daani paniteeru collin acetylationlo churukuga unna koenjaimto sambandham kaligi undani kanugonnadu. beverley gyrard, nathan cuplan mariyu itarulatoe kalisi pani cheyadam valla pantothenic aamlam kmjime eah yokka kendra bhaagam anie nirdhaarinchabadindi. acetate kriyaaseelata" nii suuchimchadaaniki koenjaimku kmjime eah anie paeru pettaru. 1953loe, fritz lipman sareeradharma shaastram ledhaa vaidyamlo "koo-enjaim eah mariyu madhyavartitva jeevakriyaku daani praamukhyatanu kanugonnanduku" nobel bahumatini geluchukunnaru.
jeevasansleshanha.
maamsam, kuuragaayalu, trunadhaanyaalu, chikkullu, gudlu mariyu paalu vanti aahaaramlo kanipinche pantothenate (vitamin bii5) nundi sahajamgaa kmjime eah samslaeshanha cheyabadutundi. maanavulalo mariyu chaalaa jeevulalo, pantothenate anedi vividha vidhulanu kaligi unna oka mukhyamaina vitamin. escherichia kooli" thoo sahaa konni mokkalu mariyu bacterialo, pantothenate "dii novo" gaa samslaeshanha cheyavachu, anduvalla idhi avasaram kaadu. eee bacteria amaino aamlam aspertate nundi pantothenetnu mariyu valin biosynthesislo metabolitenu samslaeshanha chestundi.
anni jeevulalo, kmjime eah aidu-dasala prakriyaloo samslaeshanha cheyabadutundi, dheeniki naalugu anuvulu eah. tii. pii, pantothenate mariyu systeine avasaram (chitram chudandi):
kundaleekaranaalalo enjaim naamakarana sankshiptaalu varusaga ksheeradaalu, itara eucariotic mariyu procariotic enjaimlanu suuchistaayi. ksheeradaalalo 4 mariyu 5 dasalu cosey anae bifunctional enjaim dwara utprerakam cheyabadataayi. eee maargam utpatti nirodham dwara niyantrinchabadutundi. koaa anedi pantothenate kinesku pootii nirodhakamgaa untundi, idhi saadhaaranamgaa eah. tii. pii. nii bandhistundi. kmjime eah, moodu eah. dii. pii, oka monophosphate mariyu oka diphosphate jeevasansleshanha nundi pandinchabadataayi.
kanaantara kmjime sthaayi tagginappudu mariyu "dii novo" maargam balaheenapadinappudu kmjime eah nuu pratyaamnaaya maargaala dwara samslaeshanha cheyavachu. eee margallo, 4′-phosphopantithine utpatti cheyadaaniki, aaharam vanti bahya muulam nundi kmjime eah andinchaali. ectonucleotide pyrophosphates (enn. pii. pii) kmjime eah nuu 4′-phosphopantithine kuu taggistaayi, idhi jeevulalo sthiramaina anuvu. 4′-phosphopantithine utpatti cheyadaaniki asail carrier proteins (ACP) (ACP synthase mariyu ACP ksheenata vantivi) kooda upayoginchabadataayi. eee maargam kanamlo 4′-phosphopantithine nii tirigi nimpadaaniki anumatistundi mariyu enjaimlu, ppat mariyu ppck dwara kmjime a gaa maarchadaaniki anumatistundi.
vaanijya utpatti.
eest nundi velikiteeta dwara kmjime eah vaanijyaparamgaa utpatti cheyabadutundi, ayithe idhi asamarthamaina prakriya (sumaru 25 mg/kiloku digubadi istundi) phalitamgaa khareedaina utpatti avutundi. krutrimamgaa ledhaa pakshika-krutrimamgaa koaa utpatti cheyadaaniki vividha margalu parisoedhimchabaddaayi, ayithe prastutam edhee paarisraamika sthaayilo panicheyadam ledhu.
function.
kovvu aamlam samslaeshanha.
kmjime a anedi rasayana paramgaa, oka theol kabatti, idhi carboxylic aamlaalatoe pratispandinchi theoesterlanu yerparustundi, tadwara idhi oka asail group carrierga panichestundi. idhi kovvu aamlaalanu cytoplasm nundi mitochondriaku badilee cheyadamlo sahaayapadutundi. oka asail samuuhaanni mosukelle kmjime anuvunu "asail-koo" anie kooda pilustaaru. idhi oka esail samuuhaaniki jodinchabadanappudu, dheenini saadhaaranamgaa 'kosh' ledhaa 'hechskova' anie pilustaaru. eee prakriya kanaalalo kovvu aamlaala utpattini sulabhataram chestundi, ivi kana pora nirmaanamloo avasaram.
kmjime eah anedi phosphopantithine samuuhaaniki muulam, idhi asail carrier protein mariyu pharmyeltetrahydrophol dehydrogenase vanti proteinlaku prosthetic samuuhamgaa jodinchabadutundi.
shakti utpatti.
citric assid saikil yokka reaction mechanismlo avasaramaina aidu keelakamaina koenjaimlalo kmjime eah okati. daani acetyl-kmjime oka roopam citric assid sykillo praadhamika input mariyu glycolysis, amaino assid metabolism mariyu fatty assid beata aakseekarana nundi pondabadutundi. eee prakriya sareeram yokka praadhamika catabolic maargam mariyu carbohydratelu, amaino aamlalu mariyu lipidlu vanti kana nirmaana vibhaagaalanu vichchinnam cheyadamlo avasaram.
niyantrana.
adanapu glucose unnappudu, kovvu aamlaala samslaeshanha kosam cytosollo kmjime eah upayoginchabadutundi. eee prakriya acetyl-koo carboxylase niyantrana dwara amalu cheyabadutundi, idhi kovvu aamlam samshlaeshanhaloo kattubadi unna dasanu utprerakam chestundi. insulin acetyl-koaa carboxylasenu prerepistundi, ayithe epinephrine mariyu glucagon daani kaaryaacharananu nirodhistaayi.
kana aakali samayamlo, kmjime eah samslaeshanha cheyabadutundi mariyu cytosolloni kovvu aamlaalanu mitochondriaku ravana chestundi. ikkada, aakseekarana mariyu shakti utpatti kosam acetyl-koo utpatti avutundi. citric assid sykillo, kmjime eah anedi pairuvet dehydrogenase enjaim uddeepanalo allosteric regulatorga panichestundi.
antioxidant paniteeru mariyu niyantrana.
kmjime eah yokka kotta antioxidant function aavishkarana cellular ottidi samayamlo daani rakshana paatranu highlight chestundi. aakseekarana mariyu jeevakriya ottidiki guraina ksheerada mariyu bacteria kanaalu kmjime eah dwara protein systeine avasheshaala samayojaneeya maarpulo gananeeyamaina perugudalanu chuuputaayi. eee tiragagalige maarpunu protein coaliation (protein-ess-scova) anie pilustaaru, idhi systeine avasheshaala theol samuuham yokka tirigi maarchaleni aakseekarananu nivaarinchadam dwara protein-glutationationku samaanamaina paatranu poeshistumdi.
anty-kmjime anae antibody mariyu liquid chromatography tandum maas spectrometry (elsi-ms/ms) paddhatulanu upayoginchi, ottidi cheyabadina ksheeradaalu mariyu bacteria kanaala nundi 2,000 kante ekkuva boggu proteinlanu gurtinchaaru. eee proteinlalo ekkuva bhaagam cellular metabolism mariyu ottidi pratispandanalo palgontayi. vividha parisoedhanaa adhyayanalu proteinla kmjime eah-madhyavartitva niyantrananu ardham chesukovadampai drushti saarinchaayi. protein sthireekaranapai, vividha proteinla utpreraka karyakalapalanu nirodhinchadam (udhaa.zii. metastasis suppressor nme1, peroxyredoxin 5, gyapd, itarulu) nivedinchabaddaayi. protein yokka kaaryaacharananu punaruddharinchadaaniki, kmjime eah mariyu protein systeine avasheshaala madhya disulfide bandhaanni tagginche antioxidant enjaimlu mukhyamaina paatra poeshistaayi. eee prakriyanu protein decolation antaaru. ippativaraku, rendu bacteria proteins, theordoxin eah mariyu theordoxin lanty protein (vytipi), proteinlanu decolate chestayani choopabadindi.
jeevasastra parisoedhanaloo upayoginchandi.
kmjime eah vividha rasayana sarafaraadaarula nundi uchita aamlam mariyu lithium ledhaa sodiyam lavanaalugaa labhistundi. kmjime eah yokka uchita aamlam gurtinchadagina asthiramgaa untundi, −20 masim vadda nilva chesina 6 nelala tarvaata sumaru 5 saatam ksheenata gamaninchabadindi mariyu 1 nela tarvaata 37 masim vadda puurti ksheenataku daggaragaa untundi. koe yokka lithium mariyu sodiyam lavanaalu marinta sthiramgaa untaayi, vividha ushnogratala vadda aneka nelalugaa chaalaa takkuva ksheenata namodaindi. kmjime eah yokka jaleeya draavanaalu pihech 8 kante ekkuvagaa asthiramgaa untaayi, 24 gantala tarvaata 25°sii mariyu pihech 8 vadda 31 saatam karyakalapalu kolpotayi. pihech 2-6 vadda stambhimpajesinappudu koe stock draavanaalu saapekshamgaa sthiramgaa untaayi. koe charya nashtam yokka pradhana maargam koe nundi koe disulfidelaku gaali aakseekarana kaavacchu. koo-"s"-"s"-glutathione vanti koe mishrama disulfidelu, koe yokka vaanijya tayaareelaloo saadhaaranamgaa gurtinchadagina kalushitaalu. free koaa nuu koaa disulfide mariyu mishrama koaa disulfides nundi diethiothritol ledhaa 2-mercaptoethanol vanti tagginche agentlatho punarutpatti cheyavachu.