
chester paatasaala nirasanalu

chester paatasaala nirasanalu november 1963 nundi april 1964 varaku chester, pensylvanialo jarigina pradarsanala shreni. 1954 supreenkortu kesu "braun vii" taruvaata konasagina chester prabhutva paatasaalala "vaastava" vibajananu antam cheyadame eee pradarsanala lakshyam. thopeka vidya boardu ". jaathi ashanti mariyu poura hakkula nirasanalaku kamitee pharr friedam nau (cffn) yokka stanley saakha mariyu national association pharr dhi advancement off coloured persons (nockp) yokka georg raymond naayakatvam vahinchaaru.
1964 eprillo daadaapu ratriputa jarigina nirasanala parampara chestarku gandaragolaanni tecchipettindi. nagaramloni agnimaapaka sibbandi mariyu chettha collectorlanu nirasanakaarulanu nirvahinchadaaniki niyaminchaaru mariyu pensylvania rashtram 77 mandhi sabhyula chester pooliisu balaganiki sahayam cheyadaaniki 50 mandhi rashtra sainikulanu moharinchindi. pradarsanalu himsa mariyu pooliisula krooratvamtho gurtinchabaddaayi; kaaryakarta james raitu chestarnu "uttaraana unna birmingham" anie pilicharu. rendu nelala kaalamlo poura hakkula rallylu, kavaatulu, piketlu, bahishkaranalu mariyu dharnalalo 600 mandiki paiga arrestu cheyabaddaaru. dick gregori, gloria richardson mariyu malcum ex vanti jaateeya poura hakkula nayakulu pradarsanalaku maddatu ivvadaaniki chestarku vacchaaru. pensylvania governor vilium scranton paatasaala vargeekaranapai vichaaranalu nirvahinchadaaniki pensylvania maanava sambandhaala kamiteeni erpaatu cheyadam dwara pradarsanalapai kortu aadesinchina taatkaalika nishedhaanni paatinchamani nirasanakaarulanu oppinchaaru.
1964 navambarulo, chester school boardu chattanni ullanghinchindani kamitee teelchindi. chester paatasaala jillaanu nagaramloni aaru pradhanamgaa african-american paatasaalalanu vaeruchaeyaalani aadesinchaaru. eee teerpunu appeal chesina nagaram, idhi amalunu alasyam chesindi, conny chivariki paatasaalalanu vaeru chesindi.
dohadapade karakalu.
aardhika asamaanata.
1950luu mariyu 1960laloe chester tayari ksheeninchadamto, chester yokka kaarmika shakti chaalaa varaku takkuva-jeetam seva sthaanaalalo ledhaa paarisraamika paniloo panichesindi. chester yokka tella mariyu vidyaavantulaina nivaasitulu merugaina udyogaalu mariyu gruhalanu konasaaginchadaaniki suburban delaware kounteeki paaripoyaaru, endukante ekkuva mandhi nallajati nivaasitulu chesterloki vellaaru. 1950 nundi 1960 varaku, tellajati janabha 19 saatam taggindi mariyu nallajati janabha 53 saatam perigindi. nallajati janabhalo 80 saatam mandhi central chesterlo janabha lekkala samuuhamloo nivasinche varaku tellajati nishkramana nivaasa vibajananu balaparichindi. chester loe migilipoyina tella kutumbaalu nalla kutumbaala kante ekkuva sagatu aadaayaanni kaligi unnaih tella kutumbaala madhyastha aadaayam $5,880 mariyu nalla kutumbaala madhyastha aadaayam $4,059. chester loe paedha janabhalo sagam nalla kutumbaalu; tella kutumbaalu, 25 saatam.
paedha paatasaalalu.
majority nallajati paatasaalalu takkuva nidhulu mariyu raddeetho badhapaddayi. bhavanalu saadhaaranamgaa paatavi mariyu balaheenamaina kalapa mariyu plaastartho tayaaru cheyabaddaayi, sariponi vaedi mariyu snaanapu gadulu. taragati gadulu chinnaviga undi, second hanned pustakaalato nindi undevi. franklin praathamika paatasaala shidhilamaina paatasaala paristhitulaku pradhana udaaharana; eee soukaryam 1910loe 50 mandhi vidyaarthula kosam nirminchabadindi, conny yaabhai samvatsaraala taruvaata 1963loe idhi daadaapu 1,000 mandiki paiga vidyaarthulaku sevalu andinchindi, daadaapu andaruu nallajaateeyulu. franklin elementaryloni library kevalam konni pustakaala kuppalu, zim khaalii boggu binn, mariyu aata sthalam oka vaipu pramaadakaramaina 4 adugula drop thoo cement praantam. paatasaala sagatu taragati parimaanam 39, idhi sameepamloni tellajati paatasaalala kante rendu retlu ekkuva. paatasaalalo rendu snaanapu gadulu matrame undevi.
munupati vargeekarana prayatnaalu.
georg raymond 1942loe nockp yokka chester saakhaku nayakudu ayyadu mariyu jaathi vivakshanu antam cheyadaaniki kaaryakramaalanu amalu cheyadam praarambhinchaadu. ayana zhe thoo kalisi panicheesaaru. poura hakkulaku kramamga vidhananni avalambinchadaaniki chesterlo kalvari baptist charchi paster ayina pius barber.
1945loe, remandlu mariyu naakplu ahimsaatmaka nirasanalu mariyu chattaparamaina charyala bedirimpu dwara cinema theatres, restaurantlu, hotallu mariyu itara vyapaaraalanu vaeru chesaaru. 
1946loe, nock mariyu nallajati tallidandrula kamitee nirvahinchina vidyaarthi samme, chester prabhutva paatasaalalanu ekikrutam cheyadaaniki paatasaala boardu adhikarikamga angeekarinchadaaniki daariteesindi. conny eee vijayam nijamaina maarpunu utpatti chesinatlu anipinchadaaniki rendu dasaabdaalaku paiga gadichipotundi. tellajati tallidandrulu ekikarananu nirodhinchadaaniki tama vanthu krushi chesaaru, mariyu chaalaa mandhi tama pillalanu pradhanamgaa tellajati paatasaalalaku taralinchaaru. 1954 "braun" nirnayam taruvaata, paatasaala boardu jaathi vivakshanu nivaarinchadaaniki uddesinchina "porugu paatasaalalu" nuu srushtinchindi, conny idhi chuttupakkala nivasamga vaeru cheyabadina parisaraalanu pratibimbistumdi. chester yokka 16 prabhutva paatasaalallo okati matrame gananeeyamgaa jaatigaa ekikrutam cheyabadindi. sthaanika charchi mariyu poura hakkula nayakulu "vaastava" vibhajana gurinchi paatasaala bordunu edurkonnappudu, paatasaala boardu ekikarana lekapovadaanni angeekarinchindi, conny vaariki niyantrana laeni nivaasa samasyalapai nindinchindi.
maereelaandlooni dorchester counteeloo cambridge udyamamlo kriyaaseelataloo palgonna taruvaata 1962loe stanley branch chesterlo intiki tirigi vachindi. chester paatasaala vyavastha yokka bhayankaramaina paristhitulanu, mukhyamgaa franklin praathamika paatasaalanu branch gurtinchindi mariyu prajaasvaamya samajam kosam mariyu asantruptulaina tallidandrula kosam vidyaarthula swarthmore kalaasaala adhyaayamtho paatu chesterlo ippudu swechcha kosam kamiteeni (cffn) srushtinchindi. raymond mariyu nockp teesukunna kramabaddhamaina vidhaanamtho saakha visugu chendhi, marinta teevravaada nirasana paddhatulanu pratipaadinchindi.
kalakramam.
1963 patanam.
paatasaala paristhitulaku sambandhinchina gananeeyamaina kriyaaseelata, cffn sthaapinchabadinappati nundi chesterlo podugudala cheyadaaniki sumaru oka samvatsaram pattindi, november 4,1963naa franklin elementary velupala 20 mandhi nirasanakaarulu picket line erpaatu chesaaru mariyu taruvaati budhavaram natiki 130 mandhi vaaritho cheraaru. november 11naa community sabhyula saamuuhika samavesam taruvaata, marusati vaaram 400 mandhi prajalu franklin praathamika paatasaala talupulanu addukunnaru, idhi tellavaarujaamuna paatasaalanu raddu cheyavalasi vachindi. paatasaalanu moosivesina taruvaata, nirasanakaarulu mayer chhambers mariyu vidya boardu rendinti varaku kavaatu chesaaru.
franklin elementary velupala nirasanalu november 13 mariyu 14naa konasagayi, kontamandi paalgonevaaru talupula mundu padukovalani enchukunnaaru. november 14 udayam 83 mandhi nirasanakaarulanu arrestu chesaaru. aaa roeju taruvaata, 77 mandhi sabhyula chester pooliisu balaganiki sahayam cheyadaaniki 50 mandhi rashtra sainikulu vacchaaru. saamuuhika arrestla gurinchi media coverage dwara prerepinchabadina nirasanalapai prajala drushtini aakarshinchina taruvaata, mayer mariyu paatasaala boardu cffn mariyu naakpto charchalu jaripaaru. chester board off education franklin paatasaalalo taragati parimaanaalanu tagginchadaaniki, aparisubhramaina toilet soukaryaalanu tolaginchadaaniki, boiler room mariyu boggu dabbaalo jarige taragatulanu maarchadaaniki mariyu paatasaala maidaanaalanu marammatu cheyadaaniki angeekarinchindi. 14va thedhee saayantram paatasaalala marammatu cheyadaaniki mariyu franklin praathamika paatasaala nundi 173 mandhi vidyaarthulanu badilee cheyadam dwara raddeeni tagginchadaaniki paatasaala boardu angeekarinchina taruvaata kooda, november 15naa vandalaadi mandhi nirasanakaarulu paatasaala talupulanu sandarsinchevaaru.
1964 vasantakaalam.
cffn merugaina nirmaanaanni erpaatu chesi, marinta chester prabhutva paatasaalalanu meruguparachadam, udyogaala labhyatanu penchadam, gruhanirmaanam mariyu vaidya samrakshananu meruguparachadam mariyu saadhaaranamgaa vivakshanu antam cheyadam vanti samstha yokka egendaaku marinni lakshyalanu jodinchinappudu konni nelala paatu nirasanalu taggai.
1964 fibravari 10naa, cfbn marusati roeju praarambhinchadaaniki chester prabhutva paatasaalalanu bahishkarinchaalani pranaalika vesina taruvaata nirasanalu tirigi prarambhamayyayi. bahishkarana phalitamgaa kontamandi nallajati-haajaraina paatasaalalu 55 saatam gairhajaru retunu edurkonnaayi.
1964 marchi 14naa chesterlo "friedam nau conferences" jarigindi. enimidi raashtraala nundi 60 mandiki paiga pratinidhulu mariyu sandarsakulu eee samavesaniki hajarayyaru, veetilo dick gregori, gloria richardson mariyu malcum ex nirasanalaku maddatugaa palgonnaru. samavesamlo meyarku demandlanu samarpinchadaaniki cffn nundi 200 mandhi nirasanakaarulu kavaatu chesaaru.
1964 marchi 27naa, 300 mandhi nirasanakaarulu chester yokka paschima chivara nundi mottam chester pooliisu dalam venta diguva pattana vyapara jillaaku kavaatu chesaaru. marchi 28naa, 200 mandhi nirasanakaarulu diguva pattanamlo rakapokalaku antaraayam kaliginche uddesamto keelaka koodalla vadda aneka madhyahna kuurchuni pradarsanalu nirvahinchaaru. adhikarulu "allarla karralanu oogistuu" mariyu nirasanakaarulandarinii arrestu cheyadamtho nirasanaku himsaatmaka pooliisu pratispandana labhinchindi.
chester pooliisula himsaatmaka pratispandana phalitamgaa, saantiyuta nirasanakaarulanu pooliisulu lagadam, kottadam chitraalato saamaanya pourulu aagrahamto pedda pradarsanalu chesaaru. pooliisula himsaku pratispandanagaa bhaarii sasanollanghanaku branch pilupunicchindi, nirasanakaarulu mariyu pooliisula madhya raatri puuta erpadina pratishtambhana nirasanala asalu uddesaanni kappivesindi.
1964 eprillo chester paatasaala nirasanalu adhika sthaayiki cherukunnayi. april 2naa, branch 350 mandhi nirasanakaarulanu pooliisu pradhana karyalayam mundu nadipinchindi. april 3naa, chester mayer james gorbi, "praja saantini kaapaadataaniki pooliisu sthaanaanni" jaarii chesaaru, idhi 10-paayintla prakatana, idhi ventane saantibhadratalaku tirigi vastundani haamii ichindi. nirasanakaarulanu nirvahinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki nagaram agnimaapaka sibbandini mariyu chettha collectorlanu niyaminchindi. 77 mandhi sabhyula chester pooliisu balaganiki sahayam cheyadaaniki pensylvania rashtram 50 mandhi rashtra sainikulanu moharinchindi.
april 20naa, arrestu cheyabadina nirasanakaarulapai teesukuvacchina chattaparamaina aaropanalapai charchinchadaaniki cffn, nockp mariyu chester school boardu samavesamayyayi. upaadhyaayula badileelu, itara parisaraallooni paatasaalalaku vidyaarthulanu ravana cheyadam, paryaveekshaka padavula kosam nallajaateeyulanu niyaminchadam mariyu marinta nallajati kaaryadarsulanu niyaminchadam vanti 10 demandla jaabitaanu raymond paatasaala borduku samarpinchaaru. marusati roeju, april 21naa, pensylvania maanava sambandhaala commission poura hakkula samuuhaalanu mariyu paatasaala bordunu raajeeki teesukuraavadamlo viphalamaindani angeekarinchindi. moosiveta yokka uddesyam himsanu nivaarinchadame anie paerkontuu paatasaala boardu april 22naa anni chester prabhutva paatasaalalanu niravadhikamgaa moosivesindi. aaa raatri, police station vadda ryali chestunna 300 mandhi nirasanakaarulalo kontamandini chedaragottadaaniki niraakarinchina 40 mandhi chester pooliisu adhikarulu himsaatmakamgaa kottaru. april 23naa, police stationlo jarigina maroe nirasana gharshanalo oka raallatho kottabadindi, aruguru pooliisu adhikarulu mariyu enimidi mandhi nirasanakaarulanu aasupatrilo chaerchaaru. april 24naa nagara kendramloni kuudalini addukovadaniki nirasanakaarulu pooliisula krooratvaaniki vyatiraekamgaa ryali nirvahinchaaru, aayudhalanu anusandhanincharu, idhi pooliisu himsalo kooda mugisindi. april 25naa, adhe samayamlo alabaamaaloni birminghamlo nirasanakaarulanu kathinamgaa vedhinchadaanni suuchistuu, james raitu chestarnu "uttaraana unna birmingham" anie pilichadu.
chester yokka kontamandi tellajati nivaasitulu chester parents association nuu oka praticharyagaa srushtinchaaru, idhi porugu paatasaalala vidhananni konasaginche lakshyamtho undhi. eee brundam 1964 april 26naa 2,000 mandhi prajala ryaaleeni nirvahinchindi.
april 26naa, governor vilium scranton pradarsanalapai kortu aadesinchina taatkaalika nishedhaanni paatinchamani saakhanu oppinchaaru. prabhutva paatasaalala vaastava vibhajanapai vichaaranalu nirvahinchadaaniki scranton pensylvania maanava sambandhaala kamishannu srushtinchaadu. 1964 vesavilo commission vichaaranalu nirvahistunnappudu anni nirasanalu nilipiveyabaddaayi.
nyaayamuurti zaan vii. april 28naa chester paatasaala boardu abhyardhanalanu diggins manjuru chesi, prabhutva paatasaala aastipai ledhaa sameepamlo nirasanakaarulanu nishedhinche nishedhaagnanu vidhinchi, paatasaalalanu tirigi teravadaaniki anumatinchaaru. rendu nelala kaalamlo poura hakkula rallylu, kavaatulu, piketlu, bahishkaranalu mariyu dharnalalo 600 mandiki paiga arrestu cheyabaddaaru.
paryavasanamga.
1964 mae 4naa, pensylvania maanava sambandhaala commission chesterlo vaastava vibhajana sthithini nirnayinchadaaniki vichaaranalu praarambhinchindi. eee vichaaranalalo saakha nundi sakshyam, paatasaala boardu adhyakshudu nundi sakshyam, frances donahoo mariyu commission parisoedhakula nundi nivedikalato sahaa eee praantamlooni bahula poura hakkula nayakula nundi sakshyalu unnaayi. commission chivaraku 1964 navambarulo thana teerpunu vidudala chesindi, chester public paatasaalalu "pensylvania maanava sambandhaala chattanni ullanghistuu chattaviruddhamaina vivaksha paddhatulaku kattubadi, konasaagutunnaayani" mariyu janavari 31,1965 natiki aaru pradhanamgaa african-american paatasaalalaku vargeekarana pranaalikanu abhivruddhi cheyalsina avasaram undani perkondi. nagaram teerpunu appeal chesindi, idhi amalunu alasyam chesindi.
juun 1964loe, chester nagara nayakulu grater chester udyamam (zii. sii. emm) nuu erpaatu chesaaru, idhi chester merugudala disagaa panichese samuuhaala karyakalapalanu samanvayam cheyadaaniki uddesinchina oka godugu samstha. adhyakshudu lindon bii. johnson pedarikampai thana yuddhanni praarambhinchaadu, gcm oka maargamgaa maarindi, dheeni dwara federal dollarlu chesterlo pampinhee cheyabaddaayi, steering kamiteelo saakhalu panicheestunnaayi.
pensylvania commonwealth kortu fibravari 15,1966naa pensylvania maanava sambandhaala commissionku chester paatasaalalanu ekikrutam cheyamani balavantam chese adhikaram ledani teerpu ichindi. pratispandanagaa, cffn, nockp, mariyu jaathi samaanatvam yokka congress (core) kotta pradarsanalanu prakatinchaayi. 1966 april 1 nundi maroka paatasaala bahishkarananu punaruddharinchadaaniki saakha prayatninchindi, conny chaalaa mandhi vidyaarthulu bahishkarananu vismarinchaaru.
oka samvatsaram taruvaata, 1967 september 26naa, pensylvania maanava sambandhaala commission adhikaranni tirigi sthaapinchaalani pensylvania supreenkortu teerpu ichindi. eee nirnayam taruvaata, chester paatasaala boardu 1967 aktobaru 2naa aaru paatasaalallo "vaastava" vibajananu "tolaginchadaaniki ledhaa gananeeyamgaa tagginchadaaniki" ootu vesindi. bahishkaranalu mariyu pradarsanalalo arrestu cheyabadina nirasanakaarulapai abhiyogaalu 1971 varaku tolaginchabadaledu.
suuchanalu.
ullekhanaalu
muulaalu

