
lophiostoma

lophiostoma anedi lophiostomatacy kutumbaaniki chendina ascomycetus sileendhraala jaathi.
jaatulu saadhaaranamgaa sajeeva mariyu chanipoyina kalapa, akuralche chetla beradu, podalapai mariyu mulika atidheyulapai perugutaayi. ivi manchineeti mariyu samudra vaataavaranaalaloo kooda kanipistaayi. 
eee jaathi rendoo perithesium roopamlo ascarpto laingika punarutpatti mariyu konidia roopamlo alaingika punarutpatti thoo pandla sariiraalanu yerparustaayi.
ascorp saadhaaranamgaa flask shape ledhaa pier aakaaramlo (pyriphorm), 0,2-0,6 mimi (200-600 μm) vedalpu, nalupu rangu mariyu visarjana lekunda mruduvaina uparitalamtho untundi. osteol anie piluvabade perithesium paibhagam yokka aakaram oka lakshana cheelika vanti teranu kaligi untundi.
avi uparitalampai chaalaa varaku daani mottam ascorp paibhagamlo ledhaa austiol matrame antukuni mariyu uparitalam krinda migilina pandla shareeramtho perugutaayi.
class dothedemisets mariyu sordariomycets rendintiloonuu kanipinche "lophiostoma" yokka pandla sariiraalanu oke vidhamgaa yerparuchukune aneka jaatula ascomysetlu unnaayi, conny austiol yokka cheelika vanti mariyu kontavaraku deerghachaturasraakaara teravadam lakshanaalu conny pratyekamainavi kaavu.
naamakaranamu.
"lophiostoma" nuu adhikarikamga sesati mariyu dii notaris (1863) sthaapinchaaru mariyu lectotyphy chesaaru. macrostomum ".  
lophiostoma" anae paeru laatinlo chinna crested noru/talupu anie ardham, idhi jaatiki chendina cheelika vanti austiol yokka lakshana aakaraanni suuchistumdi.
lattin '<, chinna sikharam +-', noru ledhaa talupu rendoo randhram ledhaa teravadaanni suuchistaayi, saadhaaranamgaa vibhina punarutpatti avayavaala paibhagamlo, ikkada oka osteol roopamlo. 
paryaavaranam.
"lophiostoma" anevi bhusambandhamaina, manchineeti mariyu samudra vaataavaranaala nundi mulika mariyu chekkatho kuudina mokkalapai perige saprophytelu. 
padanirmaana shaastram.
laingika punarutpatti (telemarph) yokka pandla sareeram cheelika vanti austioltho erempent ascorplo munigipoyinatlu vargeekarinchabadindi; peridium yokka asamaana mandam, idhi bays vadda vistrutamgaa untundi. 
aski aakaram ekkuvagaa clavate mariyu vaati padanirmaanam bituniketga untundi.
ascosporelu 1-nundi aneka septate, hyline nundi muduru godhuma ascosporelu, terminal anubandhalu ledhaa shleshma kavacham kaligi untaayi.
eee jaathi alaingikamgaa (anamorph) kooda punarutpatti chestundi, idhi konidia mariyu konidiyosporlanu srushtistundi.
vargeekarana.
lophiostomatasi kutumbaanni nitske (1869) "lophiostoma macrostomum" (tode) sesto parichayam chesindi. & kaadu. rakam jaatulu.
ascomata yokka cheelika lanty osteolar meda mariyu peridium oke namoonaalo chararaasulugaa pariganinchabadataayi. chesters & bell (1970) saadhaarana chuttukolata kosam rangu mariyu rekhansha ledhaa viloma vibhajanatho sahaa ascospore lakshanaalanu sweekarinchindi. ayithe, holm & holm (1988) anedi saadhaarana sthaayilo ascospore septationnu oka mukhyamaina lakshanamgaa pariganinchindi, conny jaatula sthaayilo upayogakaramgaa undhi, anduvalla lophiostomatasiki vistruta saadhaarana bhaavanalanu upayoginchindi. lophiostoma" yokka eee vistruta saadhaarana bhaavanalanu aneka mandhi rachayitalu upayoginchaaru (barr 1987,1992, yuvan & jhaavo 1994, cheka 1997, kirk mariyu itarulu. 2008, mugambi & hundorff 2009).
"lophiostoma" lophiostomatacy yokka vilakshanhamaina aksharaalanu kaligi untundi. "lophiostoma" anedi padanirmaana saastraparamgaa baga adhyayanam cheyabadina jaathi (chesters mariyu bell, 1970; holm mariyu holm, 1988; baar, 1990; yuvan mariyu jhaavo, 1994), mariyu prastutam idhi sumaru 30 jaatulanu kaligi undhi (tanaka mariyu harada, 2003). sikharam lanty sikharam sthiramaina paatragaa pariganinchabadadu mariyu adhe namoonaalo kooda gananeeyamgaa maarutundi (chesters mariyu bell, 1970; holm mariyu holm, 1988).
gatamlo lophiostomatasius, crest lanty osteol thoo edainaa saadhaaranamgaa itara paatralanu (tanaka mariyu harada 2003, tanaka mariyu hosoya 2008, hirayama mariyu itarulu) parigananaloki teesukokunda "lophiostoma" loe unchabadedi. 2014, leeyu mariyu itarulu. 2015). 
phylogenetics.
lophiostoma", "lophiotrema", "platistomum" mariyu "masarina" jaatula chuttoo ippatikee gananeeyamaina gandaragolam undhi.
"lophiostoma" anedi jhang mariyu itarulache cheyabadindi. (2009) polyphylletic gaa kanugonabadindi mariyu rendu samuuhaalanu kaligi undih "lophiostoma" i mariyu "lophiostoma" ii. eee adhyayanam ascospore mariyu apical morphology anevi phylogenetic praamukhyatanu kaligi unna padanirmaana lakshanaalu anie kooda suuchimchimdi, ayinappatikee avi saadhaarana sthaayi vargeekaranaku puurtigaa nammadaginavi kaavu. inca, oka sampeedana sikharam sikharam lanty sikharam kante ekkuva phylogenetic praamukhyatanu kaligi untundi. 
lophiostomatacy (thambugala mariyu itarulu) yokka iteevali saadhaarana punarmulyankanam. 2015) vaeru cheyabadina "lophiostoma" luu. lott. chinna upa-vibhaga nrdna (18s; ssu), pedda upa-vibhaga nrdna (28s; lsu), mariyu anuvaada podugu karakam 1-α (tef1) nuu upayoginchi bahula-kendrikruta phylogenylu prakaram 16 jaatulugaa vibhajinchabadindi.
lophiostomatacy kutumbam bhinnamaina ledhaa paraphylleticga bhaavinchabadindi, conny iteevali phylogenetic vislaeshanhalu lophiostomatacy sensu stricto (mugambi mariyu hundorff 2009; jhang mariyu itarulu. 2012; hyde mariyu itarulu. 2013; vijayavardhane mariyu itarulu. 2014). vaari bahula-zen vislaeshanhaloo, scoach mariyu itarulu. (2006,2009) lopiostomatasiae pleosporalslo unnatlu choopinchindi.
jhang mariyu itarulu. (2009) lopiostoma, lopiotrema mariyu masarina pleosporalslo baga maddatu unna upakledlanu yerparuchukunnayani choopinchindi.

