
siddhaantam 210

siddhaantam 210 anedi samaya vibhajana sevala kosam roopondinchina mainframe computer. yantram adhika nirgamaamsa mariyu vistarana kosam roopondinchabadindi, indulo 20 direct memory access (dii. emm. yea) chaanallu mariyu core memory kosam enimidi slaatlu unnaayi, ivi 128k 32-bitt padaala ryaamnu anumatistaayi. oka sekandlopu viniyogadaarula pratispandanalaku haamii istundani ammakaala samagri pragalbhalu palikindi.
1960la chivaralo fairchild semiconductor yokka aneka mandhi maajee sabhyulu daani uchchasthitilo unnappudu erpaatu chesina 210 anedi tenet ink yokka ekaika utpatti. vyaparam nundi nishkraminche mundu company okka 210 matrame vikrayinchindi.
charitra.
siddhaantam 210 chivariki daani charitranu gordan moor naduputunna californialoni paalo altoloni fairchild semiconductor yokka parisoedhana mariyu abhivruddhi kendramloni oka prajectuku velikiteestundi. rex rais nirvahinchina oka kotta samuuham pratyaekamgaa samaya bhaagaswaamya market kosam oka yantraanni abhivruddhi chestondi. ir chihnamgaa piluvabade eee design concept anedi oka yantram, idhi pl/1 lanty bhashanu daani sthaanika assembly bhashaga nadipindi, mariyu puurtigaa hardwarelo amalu cheyabadutundi-microcode ledhaa firmware anumatinchabadaledu.
1966loe chuck rung anushakti commission kosam panicheestuu, ayova state universitylo oka yantrampai karyakramalu vraastunnaaru. rais oka niyamaka udyamamlo campassnu sandarsinchaaru mariyu aaa kavaatu loe moortho interview chesaaru. juunloo rung companylo cheraadu, conny ventane software laeni decreetho niraasa chendaadu, mariyu project eppatikee ravana cheyabadadani oppinchaadu. athanu dave masters loe oka saaruupya aalochanaaparudu injaneernu kanugonnadu, athanu fairchild president baab nais telusu.
kotta computer designu abhivruddhi cheyalane aalochanatho iddaroo noisnu sampradinchaaru. eee vyavasthanu praarambhamlo fairchild instrumentation yokka kotta centry utpatti, software-niyantrita semiconductor testing system kosam controllerga unchaaru. idhi 24-bitt fairchild fst-1 nuu, alaage test suutlanu programme cheyadaaniki upayoginche phyaaktar prograaming languagenu utpatti chesindi. idhi chaalaa kolatala prakaram saadhaarana-prayojana chinna computer ayinappatikee, fairchild daanini marketing cheyadaaniki aasakti chuupaleedu.
aaa samayamlo, timesharing market vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutondi, mariyu rendu parishkara taragatulugaa vibhajinchabadindi; minee computer end anedi hetch. pii. 2100 vanti antargata upayogam kosam puurti vyavasthanu konugolu chese chinna viniyogadaarulanu lakshyamgaa pettukundi, marovaipu pedda mainframelu undevi, ivi remot computer terminalslo viniyogadaarulaku nimishaaniki sevalanu vikrayinchevi. 1968loe, ranj mariyu masters chinna samarpanala dharatho conny mainframela saktitoe madhya shreni vyavasthanu nirminchaalane uddesyamto fairchildnu vidichipetti siddhaantaanni roopondinchaaru.
abhivruddhiki nidhulu samakuurchadaaniki, rung phyaaktar kosam specification abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki fairchildto oppandam kudurchukunnadu. idhi puurtayinappudu, vaaru 1969loe nyuu yark trial attarney ayina fred adlartho samavesanni erpaatu cheyagaligaaru, ayana dayta general nidhulaku sahayam chesaaru. rendu namuunaala abhivruddhiki nidhulu samakuurchadaaniki adler $2 millionla pyaakaejeeni erpaatu chesaaru. modati yantram abhivruddhi rendu samvatsaraalalo puurtayimdi. eee roopakalpananu pravesapettadaaniki, 1971 janavarilo vaaru oka bahiranga sabhanu nirvahinchaaru, dheenilo oka sangeeta kacheri pianist namuunaanu sangeeta samshlaeshanhagaa upayoginchaaru. ayithe, company neerugaa 1973-1975 maandyam yokka agra anchu loki ammakalanu praarambhinchae duradrushtam kaligi undhi, mariyu marinta nidhulu andubaatulo laevu.
eee yantraanni sds 940laku pratyamnaayamgaa timeshare pariseelinchindi, mariyu hevelet-packerednu hetchpy 3000gaa maarina vaari prarambha viphala prayatnaaniki pratyamnaayamgaa pariseelinchindi, conny yea prayatnam kooda vijayavantam kaaledu. rahadaarulu mariyu vantenala roopakalpanalo vaari sivil injaneering brundaalaku maddatugaa oka yantram kosam pratipaadana kosam california abhyardhanaku pratispandanagaa company yokka ekaika ammakam bid. vaaru vaelampaatanu geluchukunnaru, ayithe eee samayaniki company appatike 11va adhyaayamlo rakshanalo undhi, yantraanni pratyeka oppandam dwara nirvahistondi, taruvaata bhagala yantramgaa upayoginchadaaniki asalu namuunaanu konugolu cheyadam jarigindi. eee yantram 1980laloe matrame viraminchabadindi.
design.
praathamika bhavana yantraanni adhika-paniteeru gala memory bassu chuttoo amarchindi, vaaru dheenini "dayta exchange" anie pilustaaru. 200-syries designlo, nirminchaboye ekaika, rendu swatantra 32-bitt bassulu unnaayi. prati okkaroo oke samayamlo chadavadam mariyu vrayadam cheyagalaru, vaaru ghnaapakasaktiloo ververu pradaesaalaku unnanta varaku. mottamgaa, bassu 20 emby/sekanu bandwidthnu andinchagaladu. core memory bassuku oka vaipu anusandhaaninchabadindi, okkokkati 8 nundi 16k padaala enimidi maadyuullatoe. puurtigaa vistarinchina, oka vyavastha 8 x 16 = 128 kwords ledhaa 512 kb kaligi undavacchu.
210 anedi oke processor roopakalpana, conny siddhaantaparamgaa naalugu 3210 sipasla varaku bassuku anusandhaaninchabadi undavacchu. 210loe, cpuku bassuku rendu connections undevi, idhi prati chakraniki mottam naalugu memory operationlanu nirvahinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. bassulo mottam iravai portulu undevi, kabatti 210loe dayta bassulo paddenimidu uchita portulu undevi. vistarana vyavasthalalo okati nundi naalugu 25 emby haard drivelanu amalu cheyagala disk controller, okkokkati 16 terminals varaku communication card, card readerlu, printer avutputlu mariyu tape drivelu unnaayi.
designlo mukhyamaina amsam daani memory paging system, idhi custom memory drums ledhaa bahula reed/rait heads (yaadruchchika-access disk ledhaa raad) thoo pratyeka haard disclanu upayoginchakundaa sampradaaya haard drivelanu upayoginchindi. sahetukamaina panitiirutoe eee panini cheyadaaniki system yokka hardware memory management unitlo nirvahinchabade anavasaramaina reeds und raitsnu nivaarinchadaaniki input/avtput nityakrutyaalanu tune cheyadaaniki gananeeyamaina prayatnaalu avasaram. off-dhi-shelf ttl small scale integration circuitla vadakam dwara time-tuu-market mariyu mottam kharchu kooda tagginchabadindi.
memory maarpidini tagginche tadupari prayatnamgaa code podavunu tagginchadaaniki cpu roopondinchabadindi. indulo enimidi saadhaarana prayojana registerlu mariyu enimidi niyantrana registerla pratyeka samiti unnaayi. daani bodhanaa samitilo baitlanu padaalugaa packing mariyu unpack cheyadam, memarylo daetaanu sekarinchadam mariyu chedaragottadam, test-und-sett, prii-und post-indexing mariyu memareeki vyatiraekamgaa namuunaa saripolika kosam vividha rakaala "ritch" suuchanalu unnaayi. programme cheyabadina suuchanalu ledhaa pins, subrutain calls saandratanu meruguparachadaaniki roopondinchabaddaayi; rotein anie piluvabade oke 32-bitt padam mariyu oke paraamitini daatindi. padahaaru global pins, haard-vairdu nundi kii operating system nityakrutyaalu undevi. user prograamla kosam maroe 48 pins andubaatulo unnaayi.
eee vyavastha pradhanamgaa tudi viniyogadaaru prograamarlu upayoginchadaaniki uddesinchabadindi. dheeniki fortran IV mariyu tenet basic anae rendu prograaming bhashalu sarafara cheyabaddaayi, veetilo taruvaatidi andubaatulo unna praathamika prograaming bhasha yokka atyanta saktivantamaina samskarana anie vaaru paerkonnaaru. yantraalalo oka text editor, macro assembleer, rendu debuggerlu mariyu oka single mariyu double-presition floating point library kooda unnaayi.
1970 septembarulo jabita cheyabadina dharalu oke cpu mariyu 32 cavereds memariitoe kuudina praathamika unitnu $220,000 () vadda unchagaa, 128 cavereds thoo puurtigaa vistarinchina version $475,000 () gaa unchindi. haard drive controllerlu $21,000, drivelu $19,500, mariyu communications card mariyu "kwad adaptor" varusaga $4,000 mariyu $2,000, prati communication kaardutoe naalugu kwad adapterlu varaku upayoginchavacchu, prati kaarduku mottam 16 terminals kosam.