nicolus foukwett

nicolus foukwett, marquis dii belle-aile, vikomte dii melun ett vaaks (; 27 janavari 1615-23 marchi 1680) 1653 nundi 1661 varaku fraanslo raaju luis xiv aadhvaryamlo aardhika superintendentga unnaaru. ayana adbhutamaina vruttini kaligi undi, apaaramaina sampadanu sampaadinchaadu. athanu anukuulamgaa laedu, lekkimpu (rashtra nidhula durviniyogam) mariyu "less-majeste" (chakravarthy sreyassuku haanikaramaina charyalu) aaropanalu edurkonnadu. 1661 nundi teesukellaaru athani maranam varaku raaju atanni khaidu chesaadu.
prarambha jeevitam.
nicolus foukwett paarislo "nobless dii robe" (prabhutvamlo, mukhyamgaa chattam mariyu aardhika rangamlo unnata sthaanaalanu kaligi unna praacheena paalana krinda unna prabhuvula sabhyulu) yokka prabhaavavantamaina kutumbamlo janminchaaru. athanu francois IV foukwett (prabhutvamlo aneka unnata padavulanu nirvahinchina) mariyu maerii dii moupue ("nobless dii robe" kutumbam nundi vacchina mariyu aame bhakti mariyu swachchanda panulaku prasiddhi chendina) yokka rendava santaanam.: 18-23,
kutumbam yokka aadambaraalaku viruddhamgaa, foukvetlu goppa raktapu vamsam nundi raaledu. vaaru vaastavaaniki, vastra vyaparamlo vyaapaarulu, kopamgaa undevaaru. foukwett tandri taruvaata britanylo ooda yajamaniga goppa sampadanu sampaadinchaadu. aayanaku prabhutvamlo mukhyamaina padavulu icchina cardinal rechelue aayananu gamaninchaadu. gamaninchaadu, athanu missionary pani mariyu vaanijyam mariyu pettubadulatho sahaa french deevula valasarajyala kosam chartered company ayina american deevula companylo executive associate ayyadu.: 18-23
foukwett kutumbam chaalaa bhaktulatho undedi. nikolalu mataadhikaarulaloo cheraalani vaaru pranaalika vaesaaru. aaa kutumbamlo yuktavayassu varaku jeevinchi unna 11 mandhi pillalalo, 5 mandhi baalikalu pratignalu chesukunnaru. maga pillalalo 4 mandhi vastram teesukunnaru mariyu 2 mandhi bishaplu ayyaru. nicolas mariyu athani sodarudu gilles matrame saamaanyulu.]: 51
13 samvatsaraala vayassulo jesyootlatho kontha praathamika paatasaala vidya taruvaata, foukwett paris vishwavidyaalayam nundi thana nyaya degreeni pondaadu. cardinal rechelue eee vrutti empikapai foukwetku salaha icchaaru.: 40
raajakeeya vrutti.
vrutti, foukvetnu metz paarlamentu councillerga niyaminchaaru. france rajuku chellinchaalsina dabbu charless IV chellistunnada ledhaa anie telusukovadaaniki khaataalanu dhruveekarinche sunnitamaina panini rechelue atanipai vidhinchaadu. inca yuktavayasu unna foukwett, "brio" thoo eee panini puurti chesaadu.: 40-41 40-41, kevalam 20 yella vayasulo, athani tandri ataniki 150,000 livarlaku "maitre dess requates" postunu konugolu chesaaru (praacheena paalanalo, aneka prabhutva postulanu vaatini kaligi unna prajalu konugolu konugolu, athanu dhanavantulanu, baga anusandhaaninchabadina vaarini vivaham chesukunnadu, luis forchenu vivaham chesukunnadu mariyu katnam nundi sumaru 160,000 livarlu, itara addelu mariyu bhoomini andukunnadu. oka kumarteku janmanicchina aaru nelala taruvaata, luis avtadu 21 samvatsaraala vayassulo maraninchaadu. foukwett vayassu 26 samvatsaraalu.
cardinal rechelue mariyu maraninchaadu, conny foukwett thana varasudu mukhyamantrigaa, cardinal mazarin nuu aakattukovadamlo vijayavantamayyaadu, athanu athani raksakudu ayyadu (deerghakaalamlo, sambandham udriktamgaa undih 59-60). 1642 nundi 1650 varaku, foukwett vividha uddeshaalanu kaligi undhi, modata provinceulalo mariyu taruvaata mazarin sainyamtho. sainyamtho, rendava fronde bayatapadinappudu, foukwett paris yokka general interrentga paeru pettabadindi. athanu racharikam yokka rakshanalo mazarin mariyu raani talli, austriaku chendina (yuva luis XIV kosam regent ayina) sahaayaaniki vacchaadu. phalitamgaa, foukwett mazarin yokka shaashwata vidheyata mariyu maddatunu sampaadinchindih 30 mariyu austriaku chendinadi.
eee unnata sthaayi sthaanaalu nyaayasthaanamlo athani vyaktitvaanni penchaayi. paris yokka "parliament" kuu "procure general" yokka mukhyamaina sthaanaanni 450,000 livarlaku konugolu cheyadaaniki cheyadaaniki ataniki anumati labhinchindi, tadwara atanni "nobless dii robe" yokka atyanta unnata shrenulaku penchaaru." 
foukwett yokka appatike goppa sampada sampada athani vivaham dwara 15 yella maerii-madeleine dii castilleku perigindi. aame "nobless dii robe" yokka sampanna, baga anusandhaaninchabadina kutumbaaniki chendinadi.": 77 foukwetku aametho aiduguru pillalu unnaaru.
rendava fronde samayamlo mazarin bahishkarana samayamlo, foukwett ataniki vidheyudigaa undi, athani aastulanu rakshinchi, kortulo emi jarugutundo ataniki teliyajesaadu.: 59-60 mazarin tirigi vacchina taruvaata, foukwett finance superintendent karyalayanni (fibravari 7,1653naa) demand chesi bahumatigaa andukunnadu, tadwara athanu praacheena paalanalo eee padavini nirvahinchina athi pinna vayaskudayyadu.
luis XIV yokka aneka yuddhalu mariyu athani kharchula alavaatla kaaranamgaa eee samayamlo raaja aardhika vyavastha vinaasakaramaina sthithilo undhi. antekakunda, sekarinchina mottam pannu aadaayamlo sagam matrame vaastavaaniki raaja khajanalo mugisindi, migilinavi vividha paarteelache daarimadhyamlo tolaginchabaddaayi. eee asthira paristhitiloo, rashtra runadaatala demandlanu teerchadaaniki yea nidhulanu upayoginchaalo nirnayaalaku, conny rajuku dabbu icchina goppa financierlatho charchalaku kooda foukwett baadhyata vahinchaaru. konni raaja vaagdaanaalanu gowravinchadaaniki foukwett yokka sumukhata runagraheetagaa kireetam yokka viswasaneeyatanu penchindi mariyu eee prakriyapai niyantranalu asamarthamgaa ledhaa unikilo laenappatikee, prabhutva creditnu balopetam chesindi. sudeergha yuddhalu, mariyu sabhikula duraasa, konnisaarlu thana sonta manchi runampai runam teesukovadam dwara nidhula demandnu teerchadam avasaram chesindi.: 33-42 foukwetku athanu naduputunna pramaadaala gurinchi telusu, athanu thana kutumbaanni mariyu kiriitaaniki dabbu ivvadaaniki sahayam chesina thana snehitulanu naasanam chestaanani bhayapaddadu. 1658 decemberulo, athanu thana raajeenaamaanu majaarinku samarpinchaadu, conny, duradrushtavasaattu, adhi ataniki aamodinchabadaledu.
khatalalo unna rugmata nissahayamgaa maarindi, conny idhi kooda saadhaaranam, eee raajyaaniki paelavamaina niyantrita raaja aardhika charitra undhi. edemaina, runa jaarii anedi kharchulanu niyantrinchadaaniki mariyu pannu aadaayaalanu teesukuraavadaaniki antarleena saamarthyam mariyu sumukhata lekunda rajyam yokka dayaneeyamaina aardhika paristhitini parishkarinchalekapoyindi. praathamikamgaa aamodinchaleni runa paristhitiloo foukwett kendra natudigaa maaradu. foukwett praja aardhika vyavasthaku kontha kramam teesukuraavadaaniki oka pranaalikanu roopondinchaadu, conny daanini amalu cheyadamlo athanu eppuduu purogati saadhinchaledu, ayithe dheenini taruvaata colbert teesukunnadu.: 63 badulugaa, idhi eppatilaage vyapaaramgaa undedih mosapurita karyakalapalu siksha nundi vimukti pondaayi, mariyu financierlu adhikaarika sahayalu mariyu udaara sahayam dwara khaataadaarula sthaanamlo vaariki avasaramainappudalla nirvahinchabadataaru. intalo, nagaraalloni raitulu mariyu saamaanyulu eee rugmataku dhara chellinchaaru.: 33-42
1661 marchi 9naa mazarin maranamtho, foukwett mukhyamantrigaa niyaminchabadataarani bhaavistunnaaru, conny luis XIV kireetam patla thana vidheyata mariyu athani paelavamaina maaruveshamlo unna aasayam gurinchi anumaaninchaadu. thana raaja vidhulanu sweekarinchina taruvaata, lui XIV thana sonta mukhyamantri avtanani baga telisina prakatana chesadu. bahusha foukvetnu vijayavantam cheyalanukuntunna colbert, korata gurinchi pratikuula nivedikalato raaju asantruptini mariyu foukwett gurinchi aspashtamaina nivedikalanu andinchaadu. ayithe, foukwetku konni rakshanalu undevi-"parliament" loe athani unnata sthaanam (athanu "procure general" gaa migilipoyadu) ataniki "parliament" minaha yea adhikaram dwara ayina prosecution nundi roganirodhaka saktini ichindi, idhi athanu ekkuvagaa niyantrinchedi. foukwett surakshitamgaa undataaniki maroka kaaranam emitante, athanu chestunnadi chattaviruddham kaadani, colbert taruvaata "foukwett thana chetulanu subhramgaa unchukuni thana dopideeni nirvahinchagaligaadu" anie angeekarinchaadu.": 40
vaaks-lae-vikomte.
avtadu, 26 yella foukwett, paarisku aagneyamgaa 50 kilometres dhooramlo unna vaaks-lae-vikomte yokka kotanu mariyu daani chinna kotanu konugolu chesindi. athanu thana estatepy oka chettou nirminchadaaniki 20 samvatsaraala kaalamlo apaaramaina mottaalanu kharchu chesaadu. daani parimaanam, goppatanamu mariyu antargata alankarana paramgaa, eee raajapraasaadam versiles raajabhavanaaniki purvagaamigaa undedi. daanini roopondinchadaaniki, athanu taruvaata raaju versiles kosam upayoginchina oka brundaanni teesukuvachaaduh vaastusilpi luis leey vaa, chitrakaarudu charless leey brun mariyu thota designer mariyu lae notre.
vaaks mariyu itara pradhana aastulalo (mukhyamgaa, seyint mande looni athani estate, idhi chaateyu dii winsenness sarihaddulo undhi), foukwett arudaina vraatapratulu, chitraalu, aabharanaalu mariyu puraatana vastuvulanu samruddhiga sekarinchindi mariyu annintikante minchi kalaakaarulu mariyu rachayithalatho tananu taanu chuttumuttindi. zeane dii laa fantine, pierry carnil, maydom dii sevigne mariyu paal scarren anevaaru athani aahvanaalanu andukunna aneka mandhi kalaakaarulu mariyu rachayithalalo kondaru, mariyu kontamandiki, athani prothsaaham.: 89-90
eee vipareeta kharchulu, superintendent sampada pradarsanalu chivariki raaju yokka duraasanu teevrataram chesaayi.
valasa mariyu samudra karyakalapalu.
karyakalapalu, foukwett american deevula companylo thana tandri vatalalo konnintini bahumatigaa andukunnadu. andukunnadu, athanu society du cap nord mariyu mariyu eest india company (society dess indes orientals) loe modati vaataadaarulalo okadu avtadu. avtadu thana tandri maranam taruvaata, athanu french valasarajyala (senegal, nyuu france) kosam aneka itara chartered companylalo kutumba prayojanaalanu vaarasatvamgaa pondhi nirvahinchevaadu. antekakunda, aaa kutumbam, foukwett tandri mariyu itara kutumba sambandhaala dwara, appatike samudra ravaanaalo churukuga undedi mariyu brittaneelo prabhaavavantamaina parichayala netvarknu kaligi undhi.: 131
aneka samvatsaraala kaalamlo, foukwett eee prastuta balaalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki chepattaru. pratyaekamgaa, french valasa prayatnaalanu munduku teesukelladaaniki mariyu brittony tiiraanni samudra vaanijyaaniki aatidhyam ivvadaaniki pradhana pradaesamgaa abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki foukwett churukuga undhi. athanu brittaneelo unnata sthaayi snehitulanu penchukunnadu. athanu aneka saayudha noukalanu konugolu chesi, pakshika sainika abhivruddhitho munduku sagadu, antey rajuku teliyajeyakunda.
eee paniloo bhaagamgaa, foukwett foukwett, britainii teeramlo oka dveepaanni konugolu chesindi. athanu dveepamlo unna kotalanu balopetam chesi, odarevu mariyu giddangulanu nirminchaadu (athanu aile dii 'yuni kooda balavardhakamgaa chesaadu). ivi pradhana nirmaana prajectulu, idhi raaju tanaku oka guudachaarini belle-aile-enn-merku pampinchaalane aandolanaku kaaranamaindi. 200 mandhi sainikula dalam, 400 firangulu, 6000 mandhi sainikula balaganiki saripoye mandugundu samagri nilva undani guudachaari nivedinchaadu. avamanakara sandarbhamlo belle-ailenu aasrayam kosam upayoginchaalani foukwett pranaalika vaesaadu.: 315,
raaju yokka aandolanalanu penchutuu, foukwett haalandlo aneka yuddhanaukalanu aadesinchinatlu kanugonabadindi, idhi athani valasarajyala aasayaalaku mariyu rajuku antarleena muppuga undagaladu. adanamgaa, rajuku teliyakundaane americaku chendina vaisray ("vais-royi") padavini chepattadaaniki foukwett oka gaddi manishini upayoginchaadu.
arrestu chesaaru.
1661 augustu 17naa, louisnu vaaks-lae-vikomte vadda vilaasavantamaina fettho vinodam andinchaaru, dheenilo molier yokka "less fashex" modatisaarigaa utpatti cheyabadindi. eee utsavamlo vandalaadi mandhi sabhyula kosam bangaaram mariyu vendi palakalapai vilaasavantamaina bhojanam kooda vaddinchabadindi; banasancha, ballet mariyu light sholu kooda undevi. eee vilasa pradarsana chuusi raaju aascharyapoyaadu.
konnisaarlu eee phet foukwett pathanaaniki kaaranamani perkonabadinappatiki, luis XIV mae mariyu juun juun colbertho rahasyamgaa kutra pannadu. vinodam yokka vaibhavam athani aadambaramaina sampada mariyu kireetam yokka kanipinche pedarikam madhya apaaramaina antarampai drushtini aakarshinchadam dwara foukwett yokka anischita sthaanaanni matrame teevrataram chesindi.334, 
raaju foukwett yokka jagrattagaa pempondinchina snehitulu mariyu khaataadaarula network gurinchi kooda aandolana chendaadu, idhi atanni eee raajyamlo marinta prabhaavavantamaina vyaktulalo okarigaa chesindi. appudu kevalam 22 samvatsaraala vayassulo, raaju antha saktivantamaina mantriki vyatiraekamgaa bahirangamgaa vyavaharinchadaaniki bhayapaddadu. chinnatanamlo, luis thana racharikanni bedirinchina saayudha sangharshananu gamaninchaadu mariyu tirugubaatu gurinchi aandolana chendadaaniki balamaina kaaranaalu unnaayi. superintendentga, foukwett "pakshapaatulu" (pannu raitulu) yokka apaaramaina dhanavanthulaina mariyu prabhaavavantamaina dalaalaku naayakatvam vahinchaadu, idhi oka samuuhamgaa savaalu cheyabadithe, rajuku teevramaina ibbandulanu kaliginchi undavacchu.
hastakalaatmaka parikaraala dwara, foukwett thana "procure general" karyalayanni vikrayinchadaaniki prerepinchabaddaadu, deenivalla athanu raaja prosecution nundi thana roganirodhaka saktini kolpoyadu; athanu raaju anugraham pondadaaniki oka sangnagaa ammakam nundi (sumaru 1 million livarlu) andukunna dabbunu raaja khajanalo chellinchaadu.]140: adhe samayamlo, athanu raaju yokka umpudugatteni guudachaarigaa niyaminchadaaniki viphalamainappudu, mukhyamgaa athani swantha iteevali "faaks paas" dwara baruvu taggabaddadu (umpudugatte foukwett yokka dabbu pratipaadananu tiraskarinchindi mariyu daanini rajuku nivedinchindi).
vaaksnu sandarsinchina taruvaata, brittony praantiiya estatela samavesanni praarambhinchadaaniki taanu nantescu velutunnaanani raaju prakatinchaadu. thanatho paatu vellaalani ayana thana mantrulanu, foukwetto sahaa, koraru. 1661 septembaru 5naa, raaju gourava haameetho pogadtalatho kounsilu gadhi nundi foukwett bayaludaerutundagaa, raaju yokka musketeers leftinent dii 'artagnon atanni arrestu chesaadu. athanu raaju yokka manchi anugrahamlo chaalaa unnaadani bhaavinchinanduna arrestu puurtigaa aascharyaparichindani nivedinchabadindi. athanu modatlo chateyu dii 'angers loe khaidu cheyabaddaadu.
vichaarana mariyu jeevita khaidu.
vichaarana daadaapu moodu samvatsaraalu konasaagindi. 17va sataabdapu pramaanaala prakaram kooda daryaaptu mariyu vichaarana yokka aneka vidhaanaparamaina amsaalu chaalaa prashnaarthakamgaa undevi. udaaharanaku, vichaaranaku baadhyata vahinche adhikarulu foukwett yokka pradhana satruvu, zeane-baptist colbertku neerugaa samadhanam icchaaru; vichaarana pratyeka kortu mundu jarigindi, ikkada nyaayamuurtulu mariyu prosecuterlanu foukwetku satruvugaa mariyu rajuku saanubhooti choopinanduku colbert chetullo empika chesaaru; 156 mariyu vichaarana vraatapuurvaka roopamlo jarigindi, idhi oppinche vakta, thana sonta rakshanalo maatlaadataaniki anumatinchabadaledu.
ayinappatikee, foukwetpai konni aaropanalaku foukwett khandinchadam kashtamani rujuvu dwara maddatu ivvabadindi, mukhyamgaa 'casset off seyint mande'. cassetlo athani arrestu tarvaata kanugonabadina neraropana patraalu unnaayi; avi paris sameepamloni foukwett estatelo addam venuka dachabaddayi. cassetlo cassetlo majaarintho foukwett chedu sambandhaalalo unnappudu vraasina rakshana pranaalika undhi, idhi idhi savarinchabadindi. atanini eppudaina arrestu chesthe, aayudhalu chepattadamtho sahaa vaaru emi cheyaalo pranaalika athani maddatudaarulaku suuchimchimdi. idhi seen samudramlo naukaadala karyakalapalanu kooda oohinchindi.
vichaaranaku sambandhinchina aaropanalu maranasiksha vidhinchagalavu. avih
vichaarana samayamlo, french prajala saanubhooti foukwetku maddatu ichindi. laa fantine, maydom dii sevigne, zeane loret mariyu aneka mandhi itarulu athani tarapuna raasaaru.
1664 december 20naa 22 mandhi nyaayamuurtulaloo 13 mandhi bahishkaranaku, 9 mandhi maranasikshaku, doshula teerpu, bahishkarana sikshanu vidhinchaaru.156: raaju, athanu oka sunnitamaina nirnayamgaa bhaavinchina daanitoe niraasa chendaadu, pignerol koota vadda jeevita khaiduga sikshanu "marchadu" mariyu foukwett yokka aastini japthu chesaadu.167: athanu foukwett snehitulu, maddatudaarulu mariyu kutumba sabhyulaku vyatiraekamgaa prateekaara charyanu kooda praarambhinchaadu.,: december december, foukvetnu alps looni pignerol jailu kotaku (ippudu italian) teesukellaaru. teesukellaaru thana maranam varaku kathinamaina paristhitulalo khaidu cheyabadi akkade unnadu.
akkada, yustach dougar, chaaritraka parisoedhana dwara inupa musugu dharinchina vyaktigaa gurtinchabadina vyakti, conny athani asalu paeru eppuduu matladabadaledu ledhaa vraayabadaledu, foukwett yokka vaaletlalo okarigaa panicheesaarani chebutaaru (conny foukwett yokka jailu siksha mariyu inupa musugu dharinchina vyakti madhya sambandham vivadaspadamga undhi). 1672 varaku foukwett bhaarya ataniki vraayadaaniki anumatinchabadaledu mariyu mariyu aamenu okasari matrame sandarsinchadaaniki anumatinchaaru. maajee mantri thana khaidunu dhairyamgaa bharinchaadu; athanu akkada aneka anuvaadaalu mariyu bhaktulanu rachinchaadu.: 156,167
maranam.
adhikaarika recordula prakaram, 1680 marchi 23naa fouket pignerol loe maraninchaadu. athani kumarudu, count off vaaks, athanu maraninchinappudu athanitho unnadu. marana dhruvikarana patram sthaapinchabadanappatikii, athanu sudeergha anaaroogyam taruvaata apoplexytho maraninchinatlu chebutaaru. athanu modata sthaanika charchi, seyint clyer dii pignerol loe khananam cheyabaddaadu. ayithe, athani maranam taruvaata oka samvatsaram taruvaata, athani avasheshaalu paarislooni eglis sciente-maerii-dess-angeslo gurtinchabadani kutumba guptaniki taralinchabaddaayi.
kalpanalo.
foukwett katha tarachugaa inupa musugu dharinchina vyaktitoe mudipadi untundi, athanu tarachugaa nijamaina rajuga ledhaa luis XIV yokka okelanti kavala sodarudigaa kooda gurtinchabadataadu. alaane, athanu alegzander dumas navala "dhi vikonte dii braglon" loe oka keelaka paatra, ikkada athanu veerochitamgaa chitrikarinchabaddadu. foukwett yokka mitrudu ayina aramis, luis XIV sthaanamlo thana kavala sodarudini niyaminchadam dwara adhikaranni swaadheenam chesukovadaniki prayatnistaadu. idhi kireetam patla sampoorna vidheyathatho, aramis yokka kutranu viraminchi, louisnu rakshinche foukwett. ayithe, idhi athani patanaanni nirodhinchadu.
james whale yokka chitram "dhi myaan inn dhi iron mask (1939)" chaalaa vadulugaa dumas navala nundi sweekarinchabadindi, dheeniki viruddhamgaa, raaju yokka kavala sodarudi unikini rahasyamgaa unchadaaniki prayatninche katha yokka pradhana pratinaayakudigaa foukvetnu varnistundi. foukvetnu joseph shieldcrat chitreekarinchaaru. 1977 samskaranalo, foukvetnu patrick mcghan chitreekarinchaaru. adhe navala aadhaaramgaa "aidava maskatir" (1979) loe, aayannu eoin mcshane chitreekarinchaaru. charitra nundi nishkramanalo, eee chitraalalo chaalaa varaku athanu athanu maranistunnatlu chuuputaayi.
nick dier yokka natakam "power" loe robbert lindsay foukvetnu chitreekarinchaaru.
foukwett jeevitam (mariyu colbertho athani satrutvam) anedi rita monaldi mariyu francesco sarty raasina chaaritraka navala "imprimathur" looni nepathya kathalalo okati.
foukwett mariyu athani arrestu kooda raberto rosellini yokka 1966 chitram "dhi taking off power bye luis xiv" loe pramukhamgaa kanipistaayi, ikkada foukvetnu pier barrat pooshinchaaru.
peater greenway yokka "tulls luper" chitraalalo rendavadi, marcel irase pooshinchina fostling anae naajii general, foukwett patla makkuvatho mariyu athani jeevitam mariyu maranaanni tirigi srushtinche prayatnaalatoe nimagnamai untaadu.
foukwett varninchabadindi conny hobo yokka "dhi sopranos" episodelo paeru dwara prastaavinchabadaledu. ekkada carmin lupertazzi juuniyar. under baas johnny saakrimonini raaju luis aardhika mantritho poolchaaru, athanu atanini mariyu athani estatenu adhigaminchadaaniki prayatninchaadu, chivariki athanu khaidu cheyabaddaadu.

