
paleocene

paleocene, () ledhaa paleocene, anedi sumaru 66 nundi 56 million samvatsaraala kritam (miah) varaku konasagina bhougolika yugam. idhi aadhunika senozoic yugamlo polyogene kaalam yokka modati yugam. eee paeru puraatana greeku padam "paleos" antey "paatadi" mariyu eocene shakam (idhi paleocene taruvaata vachindi) kalayika, idhi "eocene yokka paatha bhaagam" gaa anuvadistundi.
eee yugam bhoomi charitralo rendu pradhana sanghatanalatho mudipadi undhi. grahasakalam prabhavam (chikksulab prabhavam) mariyu bahusha agniparvatam (dekkan ucchulu) valla sambhavinchina keey-piji vilupta sanghatana, paleocene prarambhanni suuchistumdi mariyu 75 saatam jaatulanu champindi, atyanta pramukhamgaa avian kaani dinosaurlu. eee shakam mugimpulo paleocene-eocene thermal maximum (petm) gurtinchabadindi, idhi oka pradhana vaataavarana sanghatana, dheenilo sumaru 500 gigatanla carbon vaataavaranam mariyu samudra vyavasthalaloki vidudala cheyabadindi, idhi prapancha ushnogratalu mariyu samudra aamleekaranalo perugudalaku kaaranamaindi.
paleocene kaalamlo, uttara ardhagolamloni khandaalu ippatikee konni bhuu vantenala dwara anusandhaninchabaddayi; mariyu dakshina america, antarcitica mariyu australia inca puurtigaa vidipoledu. raathi parvataalu paiki eguraveyabadutunnaayi, americalu inca cheraledu, bharatiya phalakam asiato dheekonadam praarambhinchindi, mariyu uttara atlantic agnipramaadam provins gatha 150 million samvatsaraalalo moodava atipedda magmatic sanghatanalo erpadutondi. mahasamudralalo, thermoholin prasarana bahusha neti kante chaalaa bhinnamgaa undhi, uttara atlantic kante uttara pasifiklo lothattu praantaalu sambhavistaayi mariyu neeti saandrata pradhanamgaa ushnograta kante lavaneeyata dwara niyantrinchabadutundi.
keey-piji vilupta sanghatana jaatula puula mariyu janthu turnoverku kaaranamaindi, gatamlo samruddhiga unna jaatulu gatamlo asaadhaaranamaina vaatiche bharti cheyabaddaayi. iteevali kaalamtho poliste, paleocene kaalamlo, prapancha sagatu ushnograta sumaruga, munupati mesozoic maadirigaane, dhruwala vadda shaashwata manchu palakalu laeni greenhouse vaataavaranam bhoomilo undedi. anduvalla, prapanchavyaaptamgaa adavulu undevi-stambhaala vadda sahaa-conny avi mokkala jeevitaaniki sambandhinchi takkuva jaatula sampadanu kaligi unnaayi, mariyu iteevala khaalii ayina bhoomini sadviniyogam chesukovadaniki vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna pradhanamgaa chinna jeevulatoo nivasinchevi. konni jantuvulu pedda parimaanaanni saadhinchinappatikii, chaalaa varaku chinnaviga undipoyaayi. pedda saakaahaarulu lenanduna adavulu chaalaa dattamgaa perigayi. polyocenelo vistarinchina ksheeradaalu, mariyu mottamodati plaasental mariyu marsupial ksheeradaalu eee samayam nundi namodu cheyabaddaayi, ayithe chaalaa paleocene taxalu aspashtamaina anubandhaanni kaligi unnaayi. samudraalalo, rae-finned chepalu bahiranga mahasamudramlo aadhipatyam chelayinchayi mariyu reif paryaavarana vyavasthalanu punaruddharinchayi.
vyutpatti.
paleocene" anae padaanni mottamodata 1874loe french paleobotanist mariyu bhuuvignaana shaastravetta wilhelm phillip shimper paris sameepamlo nikshaepaalanu vivaristuu upayoginchaaru (athani grandhamlo vraayabadindi). eee samayaniki, italian bhuuvignaana shaastravetta geovanni arduno 1759loe bhoomipai jeevula charitranu praadhamika (paleozoic), dviteeya (mesozoic), trutheeyamgaa vibhajinchaaru; french bhuuvignaana shaastravetta jools desnoirs 1829loe trutheeya nundi chaturthaamsaanni vibhajinchaalani pratipaadinchaaru; mariyu scottish bhuuvignaana shaastravetta charless lyle (chaturthaamsaanni vismarinchi) trutheeya yuganni eocene, miocene, pleocene, mariyu nyuu pleocene (holocene) kalaluga vibhajinchaaru. british bhuuvignaana shaastravetta zaan phillips 1840loe trutheeya sthaanamlo senozoicnu pratipaadinchaaru, mariyu oka austrian polyantologist moritz hornes 1853loe miocene kosam neocene mariyu neocene kosam polyogene pravesapettaaru. 1978loe, polyogene nuu paleocene, eocene mariyu oligocene yugaluga mariyu neogene nuu myosene mariyu pleocene yugaluga adhikarikamga nirvachinchaaru. 1989loe, trutheeya mariyu chaturdhaatuvu vaati sarihaddu yokka ekapaksha swabhaavam kaaranamgaa samaya sthaayi nundi tolaginchabaddaayi, conny 2009loe chaturdhaatuvu punaruddharinchabadindi.
paleocene" anae padam puraatana greeku "paleos" antey "paatadi", mariyu "eocene" anae padam kalayika, kabatti "eocene yokka paatha bhaagam" anie ardham. eocene, kramamga, puraatana greeku iyo nundi udbhavinchindi-"eos" antey "tellavaarujaamu", mariyu-sene "kinos" antey "kotta" ledhaa "iteevali", eee yugam iteevali ledhaa aadhunika jeevitam yokka udayaanni chusindi. 1920 varaku paleocene vistrutamgaa upayogamloki raaledu. uttara america mariyu airopa pradhana bhoobhaagamlo, praamaanika spelling "paleocene", ayithe idhi UKloe "paleocene". bhuuvignaana shaastravetta tii. sii. aarr. pulvertaft taruvaati spelling tappu anie vaadinchaaru, endukante idhi "paatha iteevali" anuvaadam ledhaa "paalaa" mariyu "eocene" nundi utpannam anie suuchistumdi, idhi tappu avutundi, endukante upasarga paleo-"a" mariyu "e" kuu badulugaa ligature α nuu vyaktigatamgaa upayogistundi, kabatti rendu aksharalu ledhaa rendintinee matrame tolaginchakudadu, okati matrame kaadu.
bhoogarbha shaastram.
sarihaddulu.
paleocene yugam anedi keey-piji vilupta sanghatana taruvaata neerugaa 10 million samvatsaraala kaala vyavadhi, idhi cretatius kaalam mariyu mesozoic yuganni muginchi, senozoic yugam mariyu polyogene kaalanni praarambhinchindi. idhi moodu yugaluga vibhajinchabadindih 66 nundi 61.6 million samvatsaraala kritam (miah) vistarinchi unna danian, 61.6 nundi 59.2 miah varaku vistarinchi unna selandian mariyu 59.2 nundi 56 miah varaku vistarinchi unna thanatian. idhi eocene kaalam taruvaata vachindi.
prapanchavyaaptamgaa aneka pradaesaalaloo shilaja recordulalo keey-piji sarihaddu adhika-iridium byaand dwara, alaage shilaja vrukshajaalam mariyu jantujaalamto antaraayaala dwara spashtamgaa nirvachinchabadindi. mexico gulflo eucaton dveepakalpamlo chiksulab bilaanni yerparustuu vistruta grahasakalam prabhavam, mariyu dekkan trop agniparvatam sarihaddu vadda vipattu sanghatanaku kaaranamayyaayani, phalitamgaa anni jaatulalo 75 saatam antarinchipooyaayani saadhaaranamgaa bhaavistaaru.
paleocene kaalam paleocene-eocene ushna garishtamtho mugisindi, vaataavaranam mariyu samudra vyavasthalaloki carbon maas vidudala dwara teesukuvacchina teevramaina vedekkadam mariyu samudra aamleekarana yokka swalpa kaalam, idhi samudra paryaavarana vyavastha yokka aarogyaaniki bio indiketarlugaa upayoginche benthic foraminifera-planctonic jaatula 30-50% saamuuhika viluptaaniki daariteesindi-idhi senozoiclo atipedda vaatilo okati. eee sanghatana 55.8 maillalo jarigindi, mariyu senozoic samayamlo prapancha maarpulo atyanta mukhyamaina kalalalo idhi okati.
stratigraphy.
bhuuvignaana saastravettalu paleocene raallanu dasalu anie piluvabade chinna raathi unitla stratigraphic samitigaa vibhajinchaaru, prati okkati yugaalu anie piluvabade sambandhita samaya vyavadhilo erpadindi. dasalanu prapanchavyaaptamgaa ledhaa praantiiyamgaa nirvachinchavacchu. global" stratigraphic sahasambandham kosam, dasha yokka diguva sarihaddunu gurtinche oke nirmaanam (stratotype) nundi global sarihaddu stratotype vibhagam mariyu point (zii. ess. ess. pii) aadhaaramgaa ii. sii. luu prapancha dasalanu dhruveekaristaayi. 1989loe, ii. sii. ess. polyocene moodu dasalugaa vibhajinchaalani nirnayinchukundih danian, selandian mariyu thanatian.
danian nuu mottamodata 1847loe german-swiss bhuuvignaana shaastravetta pierry zeane edward desore stevens clint mariyu facs vadda danish chaaks aadhaaramgaa nirvachinchaaru, idhi cretatiuslo bhaagamgaa undhi, taruvaata trutheeya mantian dasha vachindi. 1982loe, danian mariyu mantian okate anie choopinchina taruvaata, ics danian nuu keey-piji sarihadduto praarambhamai, danian nuu cretatius loe cherchadam anae abhyasanni muginchaalani nirnayinchukunnaaru. 1991loe, tunisialoni ell keff sameepamlo ell haria erpaatulo zii. ess. ess. pii. baga samrakshinchabadina vibhagamga nirvachinchabadindi mariyu eee pratipaadana 2006loe adhikarikamga prachurinchabadindi.
selandian mariyu thanatian rendintinee itzurun beachlo basque pattanam jumia nirvachinchindi, endukante eee praantam nirantara prarambha santonian nundi prarambha eocene samudrapu konda bahirgamanamgaa undhi. paleocene vibhagam tappanisarigaa puurti, bahirgatamaina rikaardu mandamgaa untundi, pradhanamgaa sumaru sumaru lothulo jama cheyabadina pratyaamnaaya ardhadveepa avakshepaalato koodi untundi. danian niksheepaalu itzgorry sunnapurayi nirmaanamloo vaeru cheyabadataayi, mariyu selandian mariyu prarambha thenitian itzurun nirmaanamloo untaayi. itzurun nirmaanam rendu dasalaku anugunamgaa varusaga a mariyu b samuhaluga vibhajinchabadindi. rendu dasalu 2008loe aamodinchabaddaayi, mariyu eee praantam daani puurti, kothaku takkuva pramaadam, dasalu nirvachinchabadina asalu praantaalaku sameepamlo undatam, praapyata mariyu bhougolika praamukhyata kaaranamgaa eee praantam yokka rakshita sthithi kaaranamgaa empika cheyabadindi.
1924loe danish bhoogarbha shaastravetta alfred rosencrantz, silaajaalu adhikamgaa unde glaconitic marles yokka oka vibhagam aadhaaramgaa, danian chaak mariyu sunnapurayi meeda asthiramgaa unna buudida bankamatti meeda aadhaarapadina selandian nuu modatisaarigaa pratipaadinchaaru. eee praantam ippudu εbeló nirmaanam, holmehus nirmaanam mariyu austerende bankamattigaa upavibhajana cheyabadindi. eee dasha prarambham uttara samudra praantamloo (gatha 40 million samvatsaraalugaa jarugutunna) bahiranga samudra vaataavaranam nundi carbonate raathi nikshepana mugimpu dwara nirvachinchabadindi. eee praantamlooni selandian niksheepaalu neerugaa eocene bochu nirmaanam dwara kappabadi unnaayi-thanatian ikkada soochinchabadaledu-mariyu nikshepana recordulo eee nilipiveta kaaranamgaa zii. ess. ess. pii. nuu jumayaku taralinchaaru. nedu, selandian yokka prarambham nanophacils "phosiculitus timpaniformis", "neochiastogigus perfectus" mariyu "chiasmolithus adentulus" roopaalatho gurtinchabadindi, ayithe konni foraminiferanu vividha rachayitalu upayogistaaru.
thanatian nuu mottamodata 1873loe swiss bhuuvignaana shaastravetta yujeen renevier pratipaadinchaaru; athanu dakshina ingland thanet, unnivich mariyu pathana nirmaanaalanu chaerchaaru. 1880loe, french bhoogarbha shaastravetta gustav frederic dolphus eee nirvachananni kevalam thanet erpaatuku parimitam chesaaru. madhya-paleocene jeevasambandhamaina sanghatana tarvaata konchem taruvaata thenitian praarambhamavutundi-methane perugudala valla kalige swalpakaalika vaataavarana sanghatana-calcium carbonate taggimpu nundi cheekati viraamgaa itzurun vadda namodu cheyabadindi. itzurun vadda, idhi selandian adugubhaagaaniki paina praarambhamavutundi, mariyu algay "discoster" yokka modati roopaanni mariyu "heliolithus" yokka vaividhyeekaranhatho gurtinchabadutundi, ayithe uttama sahasambandham polyomagnetism paramgaa untundi. uttara mariyu dakshina dhruvalu dhruveeyatalanu marchinappudu bhuu ayaskanta tirogamanam sambhavinchadam cran. cran 1 (c1n) nuu sumaru 780,000 samvatsaraala kritam varaku aadhunika rojugaa nirvachinchaaru, mariyu n anedi neti dhruvanatalo vale "normal" nuu suuchistumdi, mariyu vyatiraeka dhruvanataku r "riverse". thanatian prarambham c26r/c26n rivarsaltho uttamamgaa sambandham kaligi untundi.
khanijalu mariyu hydrocarbon niksheepaalu.
american boggulo 43 saatam utpatti chese wyoming mariyu montana pouder nadhi pareevaahaka praantamloo upa-bituminus fort union erpaatu, gulph theera maidaanamlo atyanta dhanika niksheepaalu ayina texasloni wilcox samuuham, mariyu prapanchamlone atipedda open-pitt gani ayina kolambiyaaloni serezon gani vanti aneka aardhikamgaa mukhyamaina boggu niksheepaalu paleocene kaalamlo erpaddaayi. 20va sataabdam prarambham nundi naarvelooni swalbardlo paleocene boggu vistrutamgaa tavvabadindi, mariyu chivari paleocene mariyu prarambha eocene boggu kenadian architic dveepasamuuham mariyu uttara cyberialo vistrutamgaa pampinhee cheyabadindi. uttara samudramlo, paleocene-utpanna sahaja vayuvu nilvalu, avi kanugonabadinappudu, sumaru 2.23 trillion cubic meterlu (7.89 trillion adugulu), mariyu chamuru 13.54 billion barrells sthaanamlo unnaayi. mukhyamaina fasfate niksheepaalu-pradhanamgaa francolite-metlaui sameepamlo, tunisia chivari paleocene nundi prarambha eocene varaku erpadindi.
prabhava craterlu.
polyocenelo erpadina prabhava gattiilaloo ivi unnaih paschima australialoni 60 miah kante takkuva konnolli besin bilam, texon markwez bilam 58 miah, mariyu bahusha jordan jabel wakf suwan bilam, idhi 56 mariyu 37 miah madhya naatidi. scoy, scatland dveepam nundi 60 miah varaku unna venedium-ritch osbornite impact ejecta kaavacchu. keey-piji sarihadduku sameepamlo kooda craterlu erpaddaayi, idhi atipedda mexican chikksulab bilam, dheeni prabhavam keey-piji antarinchipovadaaniki pradhana avakshepakam, mariyu ukrainian boltish bilam, 65.4 maiye naatidi kenadian eegil batte bilam (idhi chinnadi ayinappatikee), vista alegre bilam (idhi sumaru 115 maiye naatidi ayinappatikee). yuu yokka atlantic teeram vembadi silicate gaaju golaalu.ess. petm vadda unna praantamloo ulka prabhavanni suuchistumdi. greenlandloni khananam cheyabadina hiyawata himaninadam bilam chivari paleocene kaalam naatidi, sumaru 58 miah.
polyography.
paleotectonics.
paleocene kaalamlo, khandaalu vaati prastuta sthaanaala vaipu malladam konasaginchayi. uttara ardhagolamlo, laurasia (uttara america mariyu eurasia) yokka puurva bhagalu konnisaarlu bhuu vantenala dwara anusandhaaninchabaddaayi uttara america mariyu thoorpu asea madhya beringia (65.5 mariyu 58 miah vadda), greenland mariyu scandinavia madhya dii geer maargam (71 nundi 63 miah varaku), uttara america mariyu paschima airopa madhya greenland dwara tulian maargam (57 mariyu 55.8 miah vadda), mariyu airopanu asiato kalipe turgay maargam (eee samayamlo turgay jalasandhi dwara vaeru cheyabaddaayi).
cretatius chivari bhaagamlo praarambhamaina laramide orojenee, raathi parvataalanu paiki lepadaanni konasaaginchindi; idhi paleocene chivarilo mugisindi. dheeni kaaranamgaa mariyu tectonic karyakalapala phalitamgaa samudra mattalu padipovadamtho, uttara america khandaanni chaalaa varaku cretatius kosam vibhajinchina paschima antargata samudra maargam taggindi.
sumaru 60.5 mariyu 54.5 samvatsaraala madhya, uttara atlantic praantamloo agniparvata karyakalapalu perigayi-gatha 150 million samvatsaraalalo moodava atipedda magmatic sanghatana-uttara atlantic agnipramaada praavinsnu srushtinchindi. konnisaarlu proto-island hotspot prarambha agniparvataaniki kaaranamani perkonabadindi, ayithe cheelikalu mariyu phalitamgaa agniparvataalu kooda dohadapaddayi. eee agniparvatam uttara atlantic mahasamudram mariyu samudrapu adugubhagala vistarana, uttara america palaka nundi greenland palaka yokka vaividhyam mariyu vatavaranaparamga, methane clathrate spatikaalanu vaeru cheyadam dwara petm kuu dohadapadi undavacchu.
uttara mariyu dakshina america madhya american samudra maargam dwara vaeru cheyabaddaayi, ayithe oka dveepam aark (dakshina madhya american aark) appatike sumaru 73 miah erpadindi. pasifiklo galapagos hotspot nundi erpadina carabian pedda agnipraanta (ippudu carabian plate), uttara america mariyu dakshina america plaetlu atlantic (strike-slip tectonics) teravadam valla vyatiraeka disalo nettabadutunnanduna thoorpu vaipu kadulutondi. eee kadalika chivariki panaama yokka istmasnu 2.6 miah varaku penchutundi. carabian plate daani prastuta sthaanaaniki cherukunnappudu sumaru 50 miah varaku kadulutuu undindi.
dakshina ardhagolamloni maajee dakshina suupar continent gondwanaland yokka bhagalu vidipovadam konasaginchayi, conny antarcitica ippatikee dakshina america mariyu australiatho anusandhaaninchabadi undhi. africa uttaraana airopa vaipu, bhaarata upakhandam asea vaipu payanistuu undhi, idhi chivariki tethys mahaasamudraanni moosivestundi. bharatiya mariyu eurasian falakaalu paleocene ledhaa eocenelo edho oka samayamlo up lift (mariyu bhoomi anusandhanam) thoo dheekonadam praarambhinchaayi, idhi myosene loe praarambhamai sumaru 24-17 miah. konni mokkalu mariyu jantuvulu paleocene kaalamlo bharatadesam mariyu asea madhya valasa vellavacchani, bahusha madhyavarti dveepam chapala dwara valasa vellavacchani aadharalu unnaayi.
paleosianography.
aadhunika thermoholin prasaranalo, vecchani ushnamandala neeru uttara dhruvam sameepamlo uttara atlantic vadda mariyu antarcitic dveepakalpam sameepamlo dakshina mahasamudramlo sambhavinche stambhaalu mariyu munigipoye (diguva ledhaa lothaina neeti nirmaanam) vadda challaga mariyu uppagaa maarutundi. polyocenelo, architic mahasamudram mariyu uttara atlantic madhya jalamargalu kontavaraku parimitam cheyabaddaayi, kabatti uttara atlantic lothaina neeru (ndv) mariyu atlantic meridian overterning circulation (amok)-ivi architic nundi bhoomadhyarekha vaipu challati neetini prasarimpajaestaayi-inca erpadaledu, kabatti uttara atlanticlo lothaina neeti nirmaanam bahusha jaragaledu. prarambha nundi madhya eocene varaku architic mariyu atlantic taginanta lothaina jalaala dwara anusandhaaninchabadaledu.
uttara pasifiklo kaneesam sumaru lothu varaku lothaina neeti erpadataaniki aadharalu unnaayi. polyocenelo perigina prapancha lothaina neeti ushnogratalu thermoholin prasarana pradhanamgaa vaedini nadapadaniki chaalaa vecchagaa undavacchu. greenhouse vaataavaranam avapaata namuunaalanu marchina avakaasam undhi, dakshina ardhagolamlo uttaraana kante tadigaa untundi ledhaa dakshinaana uttaraana kante takkuva aaviri ayye avakaasam undhi. yea sandarbhamloonainaa, idhi dakshinam kante uttara bhaganni marinta lavaneeyam chesi, saandrata vyatyaasaanni srushtinchi, uttara pasifiklo dakshinam vaipu prayaaninchae diguvaku pravahinchelaa chesi undedi. dakshina atlanticlo kooda lothaina neeti nirmaanam jarigi undavacchu.
prapancha pravahalu prapancha ushnogratanu elaa prabhaavitam chesayo chaalaa varaku teliyadu. eocene kaalamlo greenland dwara uttara bhagapu jalaalu erpadatam-amok yokka puurvagaami-uttara ardhagolamlo teevramaina vedekkadam mariyu dakshinaana challabarachadaaniki, alaage lothaina neeti ushnogratala perugudalaku kaaranamai undavacchu. petmlo, uppu ushnamandala jalalalo lothaina neeti nirmaanam sambhavinchi, dhruvam vaipu kadile avakaasam undhi, idhi dhruvalanu vedekkinchadam dwara prapancha uparitala ushnogratalanu penchutundi. alaage, antarcitica ippatikee dakshina america mariyu australiatho anusandhaaninchabadi undhi, mariyu eee kaaranamgaa, antarcitic sarkampolar current-idhi khandam chuttoo challati neetini bandhistundi mariyu vecchani bhoomadhyarekhaloki neeru pravesinchakundaa nirodhistundi-inca erpadaledu. daani nirmaanam khandam gaddakattadamlo sambandham kaligi undavacchu. stambhaala vadda vecchani teerapraanta ettaina pradaesaalu shaashwata manchu kappunu nirodhinchi undevi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, greenhouse vaataavaranaaniki lothaina neeti prasarana pradhana kaaranam kakapovachhu, mariyu lothaina neeti ushnogratalu prapancha ushnograta maarpulaku pratispandanagaa maaravacchu, daanini prabhaavitam cheyakunda.
aarkitiklo, teerapraanta ettulo ekkuvagaa ushnograta mariyu gaali nadiche undavacchu. vesavilo, bhoomi uparitala ushnograta bahusha samudra ushnograta kante ekkuvagaa untundi, mariyu sheethaakaalamlo dheeniki viruddhamgaa untundi, idhi asealo ruthupavanaala seasonlaku anugunamgaa untundi. bahiranga samudramlo paiki velladam kooda saadhyamai undavacchu.
vaataavaranam.
sagatu vaataavaranam.
paleocene vaataavaranam, chaalaa varaku cretatius, ushnamandala ledhaa upaushnamandala vaataavaranam maadirigaane undedi, mariyu dhruvalu samasheetoshna mariyu manchu rahitamgaa undevi, sagatu prapancha ushnograta sumaruga untundi. polchi choosthe, 1951 mariyu 1980 madhya kaalamlo sagatu prapancha ushnograta. 2019 adhyayanam chivari critatius mariyu prarambha eocene madhya vaataavaranaaniki pradhana chodakaalugaa kakshya vikendriyatalo maarpulanu gurtinchindi.
aadhunika kaalamtho poliste paleocene kaalamlo prapancha lothaina neeti ushnogratalu bahusha madhya nundi undevi. eguva parimiti aadhaaramgaa, 60°n mariyu s vadda sagatu samudra uparitala ushnogratalu lothaina samudra ushnogratalu, 30°n mariyu s vadda mariyu bhoomadhyarekha vadda sumaruga undevi. prapanchavyaaptamgaa paleocene foraminifera sammelanam anedi oka nirvachinchabadina lothaina neeti thermocline (diguvaku daggaragaa unna challani dravyarashi paina kuurchunna uparitalaaniki daggaragaa unna vecchani neeti dravyarashi) nuu suuchistumdi, idhi yugam antataa konasaagutundi. atlantic foraminifera samudra uparitala ushnograta yokka saadhaarana vedekkadaanni suuchistumdi-adhika akshaamsha praantaalalo ushnamandala vargeekaranato-thermocline nitaruga maarina chivari paleocene varaku mariyu ushnamandala foraminifera tirigi takkuva akshaamsaalaku tirigi vellae varaku.
prastuta koota rock, kolarado vadda prarambha paleocene vaataavarana carbon dye oxide sthaayilu, 616 ppm madhyasthamtho, 352 mariyu 1,110 parts purr million (ppm) madhya lekkinchabaddaayi. dheeni aadhaaramgaa mariyu anchanaa vesina mokkala-vayuvu marpidi raetlu mariyu prapancha uparitala ushnogratala aadhaaramgaa, carbon dye oxide sthaayilu rettimpu ayinappudu vaataavarana sunnitatvam + 3 masim gaa lekkinchabadindi, dhruwala vadda manchu erpadina taruvaata 7° thoo poliste. greenhouse vaataavaranaanni nirvahinchadamlo carbon dye oxide sthaayilu matrame saripovu, mariyu cloude, aerosol ledhaa vrukshasampada sambandhita prakriyala kalayika vanti konni saanukuula spandanalu churukuga undi undaali.
dhruvalu bahusha challani samasheetoshna vaataavaranaanni kaligi undevi; uttara antarcitica, australia, dakshina america yokka dakshina kona, ippudu us mariyu kenada, thoorpu cyberia mariyu airopa vecchani samasheetoshna; madhya dakshina america, dakshina mariyu uttara africa, dakshina bharatadesam, madhya america mariyu chaina shushka; mariyu uttara dakshina america, madhya africa, uttara bharatadesam, madhya cyberia mariyu ippudu madhyadhara samudra ushnamandala.
vaataavarana sanghatanalu.
ulka prabhavam mariyu agniparvatam 66 miah yokka prabhavalu mariyu keey-piji sarihaddu meedugaa vaataavaranam bahusha kshanikamainadi, mariyu vaataavaranam takkuva vyavadhilo saadhaarana sthithiki tirigi vachindi. gaddakatte ushnogratalu bahusha 3 samvatsaraala taruvaata tiragabadi, dasaabdaalalo saadhaarana sthithiki tirigi vachayi, aamla varshaniki kaaranamayye sulfuric assid aerosollu bahusha 10 samvatsaraala taruvaata vedajallaayi, mariyu suuryarasmini nirodhinche mariyu kiranajanya samyogakriyanu nirodhinche prabhavam nundi vachhe dummu oka samvatsaram varaku undi undavacchu, ayithe prapanchavyaaptamgaa aneka samvatsaraalu chelarege sambhaavya adavi mantalu vaataavaranamloki marinni kanaalanu vidudala chesi undevi. taruvaati ara million samvatsaraalalo, carbon isotope pravanata-uparitalam mariyu lothaina samudrapu neeti madhya 13sii/12sii nishpattilo vyatyaasam, carbon lothaina samudramloki chakram cheyadaaniki kaaranamavutundi-moosiveyabadi undavacchu. idhi "stranglove oshan" anie piluvabadutundi, idhi takkuva samudra utpaadakatanu suuchistumdi; phalitamgaa phytoplankton karyakalapalu taggadam valla cloude vittanaalu taggipoyi, tadwara samudra meghalu prakaasavantam ayi, prapancha ushnogratalu 6 masim (panjala parikalpana) peragadaaniki kaaranamai undavacchu.
prarambha danianlo daan-sii2 sanghatana 65.2 miah sumaru 100,000 samvatsaraala paatu vistarinchi undhi, mariyu mukhyamgaa lothaina samudramlo carbon perugudala kaligi undhi. madhya-mastrichian kaalam nundi, prapancha sheetaleekarana dhorani mariyu lothaina samudramloki prasarana peragadam valla lothaina samudramlo marinta ekkuva carbon vaeru cheyabadindi. deep sea ushnogratalu oka nirdishta parimitiki perigina tarvaata daan-sii2 sanghatana eee carbon vidudalanu suuchimchavachchu, endukante vecchani neeru takkuva mottamlo kaarbannu kariginchagaladu. eee vyavadhilo savannah atavee bhoomini tatkalikamga sthaanabhramsham chesi undavacchu.
sumaru 62.2 miah chivaralo danianlo, carbon perugudalato sambandham unna samudra aamleekaranaku sambandhinchina oka vedekkinche sanghatana mariyu aadharalu unnaayi; eee samayamlo, greenland yokka aagneya anchu venta atlantic mariyu agniparvata karyakalapalalo pradhana samudrapu adugubhagam vyaapinchindi. top cran sii27enn eevent anie kooda piluvabade taja danian eevent, sumaru 200,000 samvatsaraala paatu konasaagindi mariyu phalitamgaa neeti niluvu varusa antataa 1.6-2.8 masim ushnogratalu perigayi. taja danianlo ushnograta daadaapu adhe parimaanamlo maarutuu unnappatikee, eee sanghatana carbon perugudalato samanamga untundi.
danian/selandian sarihaddu vadda sumaru 60.5 maiae, teerapraanta jalaalloki anoxia vyaapinchindani, samudra mattalu padipovadaanni ushnograta mariyu aaviri perugudalagaa vivarinchavacchu, endukante stambhaala vadda manchu ledhu.
madhya-paleocene biotic eevent (emm. pii. bii. ii) samayamlo sumaru 59 miah (selandian/thenitian sarihadduku sumaru 50,000 samvatsaraala mundu), ushnograta bahusha lothaina samudra methane hydratenu vaataavaranam mariyu samudra vyavasthalaloki saamuhikamgaa vidudala cheyadam valla perigindi. carbon bahusha 10-11,000 samvatsaraalugaa utpatti cheyabadi undavacchu, mariyu taruvaati prabhavalu daadaapu 52-53,000 samvatsaraala taruvaata taggai. 3, 00, 000 samvatsaraala taruvaata mpb-2 anie piluvabade prarambha thenitianlo idhi mallee sambhavinchindani aadharalu kooda unnaayi. varusaga, sumaru 83 mariyu 132 gigatanla methane-utpanna carbon vaataavaranamloki bayataku pampabadindi, idhi ushnogratalo 2-3 masim (3.6-5.4 efo) perugudalanu suuchistumdi, mariyu adhika kaalaanugunata mariyu takkuva sthiramaina paryaavarana paristhitulaku kaaranamaindi. idhi konni praantaallo gaddi perugudalaku kooda kaaranamai undavacchu.
paleocene-eocene ushna garishta.
paleocene-eocene ushna garishtata sumaru 200,000 samvatsaraala sudeergha sanghatana, ikkada prapancha sagatu ushnograta sumaru 5 nundi 8 masim (9 nundi 14 efo) perigindi, mariyu madhya-akshaamsam mariyu dhruva praantaalu aadhunika ushnamandala ushnogratalanu minchipoyi undavacchu. idhi vaataavaranamloki 500 gigatanla carbon nuu bayataku pampadam valla jarigindi, saadhaaranamgaa tectonic karyakalapala nundi uttara atlanticlo methane clathrate nikshepaala yokka bhangam mariyu vidudala mariyu phalitamgaa diguva neeti ushnogratalalo perugudala anie vivarinchabadindi. itara pratipaadita parikalpanalo methane clathrates ledhaa karige permafrast kante samudrapu adugubhaagamlo sendriya padaarthaanni vaedi cheyadam dwara methane vidudala cheyadam unnaayi. carbon utpatti vyavadhi vivadaspadamga undhi, conny daadaapu 2,500 samvatsaraalu undavacchu. eee carbon carbon chakramlo kooda jokyam chesukuni, samudra aamleekaranaku kaaranamaindi, mariyu samudra pravahalanu maarchagaladu mariyu mandagistundi, rendodi lothaina samudramlo oxygen kaneesa mandalaala (omgs) vistaranaku daariteesindi. uparitala neetilo, oxygen pravahanni nirodhinche balamaina thermoclines erpadatam valla kooda onj luu sambhavinchi undavacchu, mariyu adhika ushnogratalu adhika utpaadakataku samanamga undi adhika oxygen durviniyogaaniki daariteestaayi. inca, vistaristunna onj luu sulfate-tagginche suukshmajeevula vistaranaku kaaranamai undavacchu, ivi vyardha utpattigaa atyanta vishapuuritamaina hydrogen sulfide hetch2 lanu srushtistaayi. eee sanghatana samayamlo, sulphidic neeti parimaanam neti 1 saatamtoe poliste mottam samudra parimaanamlo 10-20% ayi undavacchu. idhi khandala vembadi chemocline perugudalaku mariyu vaataavaranamloki hetch2luu chedaragottadaaniki kooda kaaranamai undavacchu. petm samayamlo ushnogratalo paiki tiragadam valla ksheeradaalu tatkalikamga marugujjugaa marai.
vrukshajaalam.
vecchani, tadi vaataavaranam prapanchavyaaptamgaa ushnamandala mariyu upaushnamandala adavulaku maddatu ichindi, pradhanamgaa sankhaakaaraalu mariyu visaalamaina aaku chetlatho nindi undhi. patagonialo, prakruti drushyam ushnamandala varshaaranyaalu, megha varshaaranyaalu, mada adavulu, chittadi adavulu, savannalu mariyu sclerophillus adavulaku maddatu ichindi. columbian serezon nirmaanamloo, shilaja vrukshajaalam aadhunika vrukshajaalam-thaati chetlu, chikkullu, arroidlu mariyu malvels vanti adhe kutumbaalaku chendinadi-mariyu uttara dakotan almont/beesegel creak-oknesiye, cyclocaria mariyu zinkgo craney vanti vaatilo kooda idhe vartistundi-adhe puula kutumbaalu dakshina america varshaaranyaalu mariyu paleocene kaalam nundi american paschima lopali bhaganni kaligi unnayani suuchistumdi.
pedda saakaahaara dinosaurla antarinchipovadam valla adavulu chaalaa dattamgaa peragadaaniki avakaasam kalpinchi undavacchu, vistruta bahiranga maidaanaalaku chaalaa takkuva aadharalu unnaayi. poeshakaalanu baga grahinchadaaniki mariyu itara mokkalatho pootii padataniki buttressing cheyadam, suuryarasmini cherukovadaniki etthu penchadam, cheekati atavee neelapai adanapu poeshanhanu andinchadaaniki vittanaalalo pedda diaspore mariyu atavee neelapai takkuva sthalaaniki pratispandanagaa maroka mokkapai oka mokka perige epiphytism vanti adhika mokkala saandratanu edurkovadaniki mokkalu aneka paddhatulanu abhivruddhi chesaayi. perugutunna saandrata unnappatikee-idhi indhanamgaa panichestundi-vaataavaranamloo oxygen sthaayilu aadhunika sthaayiki tagginanduna, avi marinta teevramgaa unnappatikee, cratatius nundi prarambha eocene varaku adavi mantalu tarachudanam taggai.
punaruddharana.
sarihaddu meedugaa mokkala jaatulu pedda sankhyalo antarinchipooyaayi; udaaharanaku, uttara dakotaloni williston pareevaahaka praantamloo, moodinta oka vanthu nundi moodinta oka vanthu mokkala jaatulu antarinchipooyaayi. keey-piji vilupta sanghatana puula turnoverku daariteesindi; udaaharanaku, okappudu saadhaarana arokariasi coniferlu daadaapu puurtigaa podocarpacy coniferlu bharti cheyabaddaayi, mariyu cherolepidiasi, mesozoic samayamlo aadhipatyam chelaayinchina conny chivari critatius samayamlo arudugaa maarina coniferla samuuham, antarinchipoye mundu, patagonialo aadhipatya chetlugaa maarindi. thoorpu uttara americaloni konni mokkala sanghaalu, mastrictian chivari kaalamlo, mukhyamgaa keey-piji vilupta sanghatanaku mundu 1 million samvatsaraalalo, ippatike vilupta sanghatananu edurkontunnaayi. khaliga unna prakruti drushyaanni tirigi nimpina "vipattu mokkalu" aneka cretatius mokkalanu raddiigaa unchaayi, phalitamgaa, madhya paleocene natiki chaalaa varaku antarinchipooyaayi.
keey-piji vilupta sanghatananu ventane kappe poralu mukhyamgaa fern silaajaalato samruddhiga untaayi. atavee mantala valla debbatinna praantaalanu valasarajyaluga chesina modati jaathi tarachugaa fernlu, kabatti eee "fern spike" prabhavam taruvaata jeevaavaranam yokka punaruddharananu suuchistumdi (idhi prapanchavyaaptamgaa mantalanu kaliginchindi). prarambha paleocene yokka vaividhyabharitamaina mulika vrukshajaalam iteevala khaalii cheyabadina prakruti drushyaanni tirigi valasarajyamga marchina maargadarsaka jaatulanu suuchistumdi ledhaa atavee prakruti drushyamlo andinchina needa yokka perigina parimaanaaniki pratispandana. lycopods, fernlu mariyu angiosperm podalu paleocene understorylo mukhyamaina bhagaluga undavacchu.
saadhaaranamgaa, paleocene adavulu jaatula-paedavi, mariyu paleocene chivari varaku vaividhyam puurtigaa kolukoledu. udaaharanaku, ippudu holarctic praantam (uttara ardhagolamlo ekkuva bhaagam) yokka puula vaividhyam pradhanamgaa "zinkgo", "metasekvia", "glyptostrobus", "macinitia", "platanus", "karia", "ampelopsis" mariyu "cercidifillum" yokka prarambha sabhyulu. mokkala punaruddharanalo namuunaalu akshaamsam, vaataavaranam mariyu ettunu batti gananeeyamgaa maarutuu untaayi. udaaharanaku, ippudu koota rock ayina kolarado, eee sanghatana jarigina kevalam 14 laksala samvatsaraala taruvaata matrame goppa varshaaranyaanni kaligi undhi, bahusha saadhaarana ruthupavanaala seasonlaku kaaranamayye varshapu needa prabhavam kaaranamgaa. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, takkuva mokkala vaividhyam mariyu columbian serezon nirmaanamloo keetakaalalo pratyekata lekapovadam, 58 miah naatidi, 7 million samvatsaraala taruvaata keey-piji vilupta sanghatana nundi paryaavarana vyavastha inca kolukuntondani suuchistumdi.
angiosperms.
madhya critatius 110-90 miah dwara atavee vargalalo aadhipatyam chelaayinchina pushpinche mokkalu (angiosperms), abhivruddhi chendadam mariyu vistarinchadam konasaginchayi, mukhyamgaa iteevala khaalii cheyabadina goollanu mariyu varshapaatam perugudalanu sadviniyogam chesukovadaniki. vaaritho paatu eee mokkalanu tine keetakaalu saha parinaamam chendaayi mariyu vaatini paraagasamparkam chesaayi. mukhyamgaa petm samayamlo keetakaala vaeta ekkuvagaa undedi. mukhyamgaa paleocene kaalamlo aneka pandlanu ichhe mokkalu kanipinchaayi, bahusha kottagaa abhivruddhi chendutunna pakshulu mariyu ksheeradaalanu sadviniyogam chesukovadaniki.
ippudu gulph teeramlo, angiosperm vaividhyam prarambha paleocene loe nemmadigaa perigindi, mariyu madhya mariyu chivari paleocene loe marinta vaegamgaa perigindi. keey-piji vilupta sanghatana yokka prabhavalu prarambha paleocene kaalamlo kontavaraku ippatikee anubhavinchabadi undavacchu, prarambha paleocene antha bahiranga pradaesaalanu kaligi undakapovachhu, prarambha angiospermlu taruvaati angiospermlu, takkuva vaividhyam takkuva parinaama retlaku samanam, ledhaa prarambha paleocene loe eee praantaaniki ekkuva angiosperm valasalu lenantha vegavantamaina retutho abhivruddhi chendalekapovacchu. keey-piji vilupta sanghatanalo, angiospermlu gymnospermlu (veetilo coniferlu, saikadlu mariyu bandhuvulu unnaayi) mariyu terridophytelu (fernlu, harstails mariyu bandhuvulu) kante ekkuva vilupta retunu kaligi unnaayi; juphilus angiospermlu (paraagasamparkam kosam jantuvulapai aadhaarapadinavi) anaemophilus angiospermlu kante ekkuva retunu kaligi unnaayi; mariyu satataharita angiospermlu akuralche angiospermlu kante ekkuva retunu kaligi unnaayi, endukante akuralche mokkalu kathinamaina paristhitulalo nidraanamgaa maaravacchu.
gulph teeramlo, angiosperms petm samayamlo maroka vilupta sanghatananu anubhavinchaayi, ivi carabian mariyu eurup nundi valasala dwara eocene nundi twaragaa kolukunnayi. eee samayamlo, vaataavaranam vecchagaa mariyu tadigaa maarindi, mariyu eee samayaniki angiosperms stenotopicga parinaamam chendhi, ushnograta mariyu thema yokka irukaina paridhiloo nivasinchagalavu; ledhaa, madhya paleocene natiki aadhipatya puula paryaavarana vyavastha atyanta samagramaina mariyu sanklishtamaina closed-canapy varshaaranyamgaa unnanduna, mokkala paryaavarana vyavasthalu vaataavarana maarpulaku marinta haani kaliginche avakaasam undhi. gulph teeramlo, petmku mundu chivari paleocene kaalamlo vilupta sanghatana jarigindani, idhi sanklishtamaina varshaaranyaala paina perkonna durbalatvam kaaranamgaa undavacchani, vaataavaranamloo chinna maarpu valla matrame paryaavarana vyavasthaku antaraayam kaliginchi undavacchani konni aadharalu unnaayi.
dhruva adavulu.
vecchani paleocene vaataavaranam, chaalaa varaku cretatius vaataavaranam maadirigaane, vibhina dhruva adavulaku anumatinchindi. bhoomadhyarekhaku sameepamlo mokkala vaividhyamlo avapaatam pradhana karakamga unnappatikee, dhruva mokkalu vividha kaanti labhyata (dhruva raatrulu mariyu ardharaatri suuryulu) mariyu ushnogratalaku anugunamgaa maralsi vachindi. eee kaaranamgaa, rendu dhruwala nundi mokkalu swatantramgaa vedalpaina aakulu vanti konni saaruupya lakshanaalanu abhivruddhi chesaayi. rendu dhruwala vadda mokkala vaividhyam paleocene antataa, mukhyamgaa chivariki, perugutunna prapancha ushnogratato kalisi perigindi.
uttara dhruvam vadda, vudii angiosperms prabalamaina mokkaluga marai, moolikalu vistarinchina cratatius nundi idhi tirogamanam. ellessmer dveepamlo manchukonda bay nirmaanam, nunavut (akshaamsam 75-80 °n) chivari paleocene tellavaarujaamuna redwood adavi avasheshaalanu choopistundi, pandiri chuttoo cherukuntundi mariyu pasiphik vaayuvya vaataavaranam maadirigaane untundi. alaska uttara vaalupai, "metasekvia" prabalamaina sankhaakaaramgaa undedi. chaalaa varaku vaividhyam bhoomadhyarekhaku daggara nundi vacchina valasadaarulanu suuchistumdi. akuralche shakti prabalamgaa undedi, bahusha akulanu munupati nundi tolaginchadam dwara mariyu vaatini manchu kaatu kaaranamgaa chanipoye badulu kontha saktini nilupukovadam dwara saktini aadaa cheyadaaniki.
dakshina dhruvam vadda, antarcitica yokka perugutunna ontaritanam kaaranamgaa, aneka mokkala vargeekaranalu diguvaku valasa vellae badulu khandaniki sthaanikamgaa undevi. antarciticalo patagonian vrukshajaalam udbhavinchi undavacchu. chivari cretatius kante vaataavaranam chaalaa challaga undedi, ayinappatikee kaneesam theera praantaalalo manchu saadhaaranamgaa undakapovachhu. thoorpu antarcitica bahusha vecchagaa mariyu themagaa undedi. eee kaaranamgaa, satataharita adavulu vistarinchavacchu, endukante manchu lenappudu mariyu aakulu chanipoye takkuva sambhaavyata unnanduna, prati samvatsaram vaatini tirigi penchadam kante akulanu nilupukovadam ekkuva shakti saamarthyaanni kaligi untundi. oka avakaasam emitante, khandam lopali bhaagam akuralche chetlanu ishtapadindi, ayithe prabalamaina khandantara vaataavaranaalu satataharita adavulaku maddatu ivvadaaniki taginanta vecchani sheethaakaalaalanu utpatti chesi undavacchu. cretatius loe vale, podocarpases conifers, "nothophagus" mariyu proteasy angiosperms saadhaaranam.
jantujaalam.
keey-piji vilupta sanghatanalo, prati bhuu jantuvu tudichipettukupoyindi, yugam praarambhamlo aneka goollu terichi unnaayi.
ksheeradaalu.
ksheeradaalu mottamodata triasic chivarilo kanipinchaayi, dinosaurlatho (ratriputa addanki) pootiini nivaarinchadaaniki mesozoic antataa chinnaviga mariyu ratriputa undevi, ayithe, madhya jurassic natiki, avi bhoogarbha, vruksha mariyu jala vanti aneka aavaasaalloki saakhalugaa marai-mariyu atipedda mesozoic ksheeradam, "repenomous robustus" aadhunika virginia oposamku samaanamaina podavu mariyu baruvutho cherukundi. konni ksheeradaalu keey-piji antarinchipoye sanghatanaku sumaru 10 million samvatsaraala mundu pagatipuuta (cathemerality) appudappudu bayataku vellagaliginappatiki, avi kontakaalam tarvaata matrame khachitamgaa rojuvaaree (pagatipuuta churukuga) marai.
saadhaaranamgaa, paleocene ksheeradaalu eee chinna parimaanaanni yugam mugimpu varaku nilupukunnayi, tatphalitamgaa, prarambha ksheerada emukalu shilaja recordulo baga samrakshinchabadaledu, mariyu telisina vaatilo ekkuva bhaagam shilaja dantaala nundi vachayi. multituberculates, yea aadhunika ksheeradamto daggari sambandham laeni ippudu antarinchipoyina elukala lanty samuuham, mesozoic loe ksheeradaala yokka atyanta vijayavantamaina samuuham, mariyu avi prarambha paleocene loe garishta vaividhyaanni cherukunnayi. eee samayamlo, multituberculate taxalo vistruta shreni dantha sanklishtata undhi, idhi mottam samuuhaaniki vistruta shreni aahaaramto sambandham kaligi untundi. paleocene chivaralo multituberculatel ksheeninchaayi mariyu eocene chivarilo antarinchipooyaayi, bahusha kottagaa abhivruddhi chendutunna elukala nundi pootii kaaranamgaa.
edemaina, keey-piji vilupta sanghatana taruvaata, ksheeradaalu chaalaa twaragaa vaividhyabharitamgaa undi, khaalii pradaesaalanu nimpaayi. aadhunika ksheeradaalu therianlu (aadhunika sabhyulu maavulu mariyu marsupials) mariyu monotraimsga upavibhajana cheyabaddaayi. eee 3 samuuhaalu annee cretatius loe udbhavinchaayi. paleocene marsupials loe "peradectes" mariyu monotremes "monotrematum" unnaayi. eee yugamlo aneka kireetam plaasental samuuhaala perugudala kanipinchindi-aadhunika kaalamlo jeevinchi unna sabhyulanu kaligi unna samuuhaalu-prarambha afrotherian "osepia", "genarthron" eutasus ", elukalu" tribosphenomis "mariyu" paramis ", praimaetlaku puurveekulu pleciadaphipharms, prarambha maamsaahaarulu" ravenictis "mariyu" prestinictis ", saadhyamayye pangolinlu palianodonta, besi-kaali gontula phenacodontidae mariyu eulipotyphlance nictitheridae yokka puurvagaamulu. keey-piji antarinchipoye sanghatanaku 10 nundi 20 million samvatsaraala mundugaane therian ksheeradaalu bahusha vaividhyabharitamgaa maaradam praarambhinchinappatikii, sarihaddu tarvaata sagatu ksheerada parimaanam baga perigindi, mariyu podupugaa (pandlu tinadam) mariyu sarvabhakshakamgaa vikiranam praarambhamaindi, avi kottagaa abhivruddhi chendutunna pedda saakaahaarulu ayina tineodanta, tilodanta, pantodanta, polydolopymorphia mariyu dinoserata vanti vaatitho. pedda mamsaahaarulalo thodelu lanty mesonikia, "ankalagaon" mariyu "sinonics" vantivi untaayi.
paeludu vaividhyeekarana unnappatikee, chaalaa paleocene ksheeradaala anubandhalu teliyavu, mariyu primatelu, maamsaahaarulu mariyu elukalu matrame spashtamaina paleocene muulaalanu kaligi unnaayi, phalitamgaa itara ksheeradaala kireetam kramaala shilaja recordulo 10 million samvatsaraala antaram undhi. paleocene ksheeradaalalo atyanta jaatulu adhikamgaa unde kramam kandilarthra, idhi vividha bunodant gontugala ksheeradaalaku vyardhapu basket vargeekarana. itara aspashtamaina shrenulalo leptictida, simolesta mariyu creodonta unnaayi. eee anischiti maavi yokka prarambha parinaamaanni aspashtam chestundi.
pakshulu.
dna adhyayanala prakaram, polyocenelo itara dinosaurla antarinchipovadam taruvaata aadhunika pakshulu (neornithes) vaegamgaa vaividhyabharitamgaa marai, mariyu pakshulu mariyu paliyognathlu minaha daadaapu anni aadhunika pakshi vamsaalu eee yugamlo vaati muulaalanu gurtinchagalavu. idhi yea samuhanikaina atyanta vegavantamaina vaividhyeekaranalalo okati, bahusha pandlu ichhe chetlu mariyu anubandha keetakaala vaividhyeekarana dwara idhi prerepinchabadindi, mariyu aadhunika pakshi samuuhaalu keey-piji vilupta sanghatana jarigina 4 million samvatsaraalalone vidipoyi undavacchu. edemaina, itara samuuhaalatoe poliste paleocene pakshula shilaja namodu chaalaa takkuvagaa undhi, idhi prapanchavyaaptamgaa prarambha penguin "vaimanu" vanti pradhanamgaa neeti pakshulaku parimitam cheyabadindi. mottamodati vrukshashakala kireetam samuuham pakshi "tsidiyaajhi", idhi sumaru 62 miah naati eluka pakshi. shilaja recordulo france nundi pedda "berurnis" mariyu united states nundi chinna "ogigoptinx" vanti prarambha gudlagoobalu kooda unnaayi.
puraatana "kinarnis" polyocenelo namodu cheyabadinappatiki, daadaapu anni puraatana pakshulu (neornithes velupala unna yea pakshi ayina) keey-piji vilupta sanghatana samayamlo antarinchipooyaayi. vaati antarinchipovadam valla polyocenelo neornithine pakshula vistaranaku daariteesina undavacchu, mariyu telisina ekaika cretatius neornithine pakshi water burd "vegavis", mariyu bahusha water burd "teviornis" kooda kaavacchu.
madhyayugamlo, pakshulu mariyu petorasarlu parimaana-sambandhita samuchita vibajananu pradarsinchaayi-telisina chivari critatius egire pakshiki rekkalu kante ekkuva ledhaa anthakante ekkuva baruvu undavu, ayithe samakaaleena petorasarlu bahusha pootiini nivaarinchadaaniki undevi. vaati antarinchipovadam valla egire pakshulu pelagornithids mariyu peleconiforms vanti pedda parimaanaanni pondadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. taruvaati sabhyulatho poliste paleocene pelagornithid "protodontopterics" chaalaa chinnadi, sumaru rekkalu, oka gultho polchavachhu. airopaloni dveepasamuuha-khandamlo, egarani pakshi "gastornis" atipedda jaatulaku podavaina atipedda saakaahaaram, bahusha itara khandaalalo prabalamgaa unna kottagaa abhivruddhi chendutunna pedda ksheerada saakaahaarula nundi pootii lekapovadam valla kaavacchu. dakshina americaloni mamsahara ugravaada pakshulu polyocenelo "polyopsylopterus" thoo vivadaspadamga kanipistaayi, ayithe modati khachitamaina roopaanni eocenelo chuupimchaaru.
sareesrupaalu.
keey-piji vilupta sanghatana 66 miah vadda anni avian kaani dinosaurlu antarinchipooyaayani saadhaaranamgaa nammutaaru, ayinappatikee dinosaurla kramamga ksheenatanu soochinche paleocene dinosaurla gurinchi konni vivaadaaspada vaadanalu unnaayi. vivaadaaspada teedeelaloo sarihaddu taruvaata 40,000 samvatsaraala naati narakapu creak nirmaanam nundi avasheshaalu mariyu shaan juvan pareevaahaka praantam nundi 64.5 miah naati hadrosar emukalu unnaayi, ayithe ituvanti daaritappina chivari roopaalu zombi taxa kaavacchu, ivi kottukupoyi chinna avakshepaalaku taralinchabaddaayi.
keey-piji vilupta sanghatana nepathyamlo, balli mariyu paamu (squamate) jaatulalo 83 saatam antarinchipooyaayi, mariyu paleocene chivari varaku vaividhyam puurtigaa kolukoledu. edemaina, eee sanghatanalo adrusyamaina ekaika pradhana squamate vamsaalu mosassourlu mariyu polyglyphanodontianlu (mastrictian balli vaividhyamlo 40 saatam kaligina rendodi), mariyu chaalaa pradhana squamate samuuhaalu cretatius dwara abhivruddhi chendaayi, eee sanghatana bahusha squamate parinaamaanni peddagaa prabhaavitam cheyaledu, kottagaa abhivruddhi chendutunna squamate ksheeradaalugaa kotta pradaesaalugaa vidipoledu. antey, cretatius mariyu polyogene squamatelu oke guudunu nimpaayi. edemaina, squamate jantujaalam yokka turnover undhi, mariyu eocene kaalamlo aadhipatyam chelaayinchina samuuhaalu critatiuslo antha samruddhiga laevu, avi vedanalu, iguanalu, raatri ballulu, pythons, colubrids, boses mariyu purugu ballulu. prarambha paleocene kaalam nundi chinna squamatelu matrame telusu-atipedda paamu "helagrass" podavugaa undedi-conny chivari paleocene paamu "titanobova" ekkuva kaalam perigindi, idhi ippativaraku namodu cheyabadina podavaina paamu. "dakshina america prarambha paleocene nundi vacchina "cavaspenodon pelligrances" newzealand velupala rhinecocephalia yokka athi pinna vayaskudaina rikaardunu suuchistumdi, ikkada eee kramamlo unna ekaika pratinidhi, tuvatara nivasistunnaaru.
manchineeti mosallu mariyu choristoderanlu keey-piji vilupta sanghatana nundi bayatapadina jala sareesrupaalalo unnaayi, bahusha manchineeti vaataavaranaalu samudrapu vaati vale prabhaavitam kakapovadam valla kaavacchu. paleocene mosallaku oka udaaharana "borealosucus", idhi vanagan creak sait vadda sagatuna podavu untundi. crocodiliformlalo, jala mariyu bhusambandhamaina dirosourlu mariyu puurtigaa bhusambandhamaina sebesids kooda keey-piji vilupta sanghatana nundi manugada saagistaayi, mariyu folidosouridae yokka aalasyamgaa manugadalo unna sabhyudini moraco yokka danian nundi kooda pilustaaru. moodu choristoderonlu paleocene nundi telisinavi ghariyal lanty neochoristoderonlu "champosaurus"-atipeddadi paleocene "sii. gigas "aut", "simoidosaurus"-atipedda namuunaa kolata, mariyu sumaru 44 centimeters podavu gala neochoristoderon kaani "lazarusuchus" vanti balli yokka anischita jaathi. lazarusuchus" jaatiki chendina chivari choristoderes miocene kaalam nundi telisinavi.
taabellu sheetaleekarana samayamlo campanion (chivari critatius) loe ksheenatanu anubhavinchaayi, mariyu paleocene chivarilo petm samayamlo kolukunnayi. keey-piji vilupta sanghatana valla taabellu peddagaa prabhaavitam kaaledu, mariyu daadaapu 80 saatam jaatulu manugada saaginchaayi. columbialo, carapace, "carbonemis" thoo kuudina 60 million samvatsaraala puraatana taabelu kanugonabadindi.
ubhayacharaalu.
keey-piji vilupta sanghatana dwara ubhayacharaalu chaalaa ekkuvagaa prabhavitamayyayani chaalaa takkuva aadharalu unnaayi, bahusha vaaru nivasinchina manchineeti aavasalu samudra vaataavaranaala vale peddagaa prabhaavitam kaaledu. thoorpu montana yokka narakapu creak nirmaanamloo, 1990 adhyayanam sarihaddu antataa ubhayachara jaatulalo antarinchipoledani kanugondi. nijamaina todlu paleocene kaalamlo abhivruddhi chendaayi. uttara america mariyu airopa mariyu anatolia velupala nundi albanerpetantids yokka tudi rikaardu, "albanerpetan" yokka paerulaeni jaathi, kenadaalo paleocene vayassu paaskapuu nirmaanam nundi telisindi.
chepalu.
chinna pelogic chepala janabha chaalaa twaragaa kolukundi, mariyu sorachepalu mariyu kiranaala antarinchipoye raetu takkuvagaa undhi. mottammeeda, kevalam 12 saatam chepala jaatulu matrame antarinchipooyaayi. cretatius samayamlo, chepalu chaalaa samruddhiga laevu, bahusha ammonitelu mariyu squidlatho adhika vetaadatam ledhaa pootii kaaranamgaa, ecthiodecteds, pakaikarmids mariyu pachirhijodantids thoo sahaa pedda dopidi chepalu unikilo unnappatikee. keey-piji vilupta sanghatana jarigina ventane, rae-finned chepalu-nedu, anni sakasheruka vargalalo daadaapu sagam praatinidhyam vahistunnaayi-chaalaa ekkuva sankhyalo marai mariyu parimaanamlo perigayi, mariyu bahiranga mahaasamudraalapai aadhipatyam chelayinchayi. acanthomarphlu-rae-finned chepala samuuham, nedu, anni sakasheruka jeevulalo moodinta oka vanthu praatinidhyam vahistundi-keey-piji vilupta sanghatana taruvaata bhaarii vaividhyatanu anubhavinchindi, paleocene chivari natiki samudra paryaavarana vyavasthalapai aadhipatyam chelaayinchindi, khaliga unna, bahiranga-samudra dopidi goollanu tirigi nimpindi alaage reif vyavasthalanu punaruddharinchadaaniki vyaapinchindi. nirdishtamgaa, pakshulu minaha, aaa samayamlo itara sakasheruka samuuhaala kante percomarphlu vaegamgaa vaividhyabharitamgaa marai; cretatius percomarphlu shareera pranaalikaloo chaalaa takkuvagaa maarutuu undevi, ayithe, eocene natiki, percomarphlu prarambha scambrids (nedu, tuna, macarels mariyu bonitos), barracudas, jaaklu, bilfish, flatfishlu mariyu alostomoid (baakaa chepalu mariyu cornet fish) vanti chaalaa vaividhyamaina jeevulugaa abhivruddhi chendaayi. edemaina, cretatius kaska eel "pastorius" yokka aavishkarana kaneesam konni percomarphla shareera pranaalikalu ippatike chaalaa vaividhyamgaa unnayani choopistundi, bahusha paleocene mundu ippatike vaividhyamaina percomarph shareera pranaalikalanu suuchistumdi.
dheeniki viruddhamgaa, sorachepalu mariyu kiranaalu khaliga unna pradaesaalanu dopidi cheyalekapoyinatlu mariyu antarinchipovadaaniki mundu unna samruddhini tirigi pondagaliginatlu kanipistaayi. mackeral sorachepala nundi ground sorachepala varaku sorachepala janthu turnover undhi, endukante ground sorachepalu vaegamgaa vaividhyabharitamaina rae-finned chepalanu vetaadataaniki marinta anukuulamgaa untaayi, ayithe mackeral sorachepalu pedda vaetanu lakshyamgaa chesukuntaayi. modati mega tooth sorachepa, "otodus oblicus"-pedda megalodon yokka puurveekudu-paleocene nundi namodu cheyabadindi.
uttara america nundi boffinlu, gars, arovanas, gonorinchide, saadhaarana catt fish, smelts mariyu paiklatho sahaa aneka paleocene manchineeti chepalu namodu cheyabaddaayi.
keetakaalu mariyu arachnids.
purugula punaruddharana pradaesaaniki bhinnamgaa untundi. udaaharanaku, uttara america yokka paschima lopali bhaagamlo keetakaala vaividhyam tirigi pondadaaniki petm varaku patti undavacchu, ayithe keey-piji vilupta sanghatana tarvaata 40 laksala samvatsaraala taruvaata patagonian keetakaala vaividhyam tirigi punjukundi. viomingloni bighorn pareevaahaka praantam vanti konni praantaalalo, petm samayamlo mokkala vaetaloe naatakeeya perugudala undhi, ayithe idhi perugutunna ushnogratalu kaaranamgaa keetakaalalo vaividhya sanghatananu suuchimchakapoevachchu, endukante petm taruvaata mokkala vaeta taggutundi. keetakaalu tama atidheya mokka ledhaa mokkalanu anusarinchi, petm samayamlo madhya-akshaamsha praantaalaku vistarinchaayi, taruvaata venakki taggai.
madhya nundi chivari varaku paleocene french menat nirmaanam beatles samruddhiga (keetakaala vaividhyamlo 77.5%)-mukhyamgaa veevils (vaividhyamlo 50 saatam), aabharana beatles, aaku beatles mariyu jaalakapu beatles-alaage itara nijamaina doshaalu-cheruvu skaetarlu-mariyu boddinkalu vantivi choopistundi. takkuva sthaayilo, orthopterans, hymenopterones, seethaakokachilukalu mariyu eegalu kooda unnaayi, ayithe planthopers flies kante ekkuvagaa undevi. 1 saatam kante takkuva shilaja avasheshaalanu soochinche dragonflies, caudisflies, mayflies, earvigs, montesses, nett-rekkalu gala keetakaalu mariyu bahusha chedapurugulu.
chinna binduvulaku viruddhamgaa, pedda mottamlo umber mukkalanu utpatti chese ekaika paleocene nirmaanam wyoming hannah nirmaanam. umber anedi dammaras maadirigaane sankuvulanu utpatti chese taxodiacian ledhaa paine chettu (la) yokka oke ledhaa daggari sambandham unna samuuham dwara erpadindi. oke oka purugu, oka trips, gurtinchabadindi.
cheemala shilaja recordulo 78 nundi 55 miah varaku antaram undhi, 62-56 million samvatsaraala puraatana kenadian paaskapuu nirmaanam nundi aneratine "napakimirma pascapuensis" minaha. eocenelo adhika samruddhiga unnanduna, aadhunika aadhipatya cheemala upa kutumbaalalo rendu-ponerine mariyu mirmisine-bahusha polyocenelo udbhavinchi, chaalaa vaividhyabharitamgaa unnaayi, arthropodla pradhana vetagaallagaa panicheestaayi mariyu bahusha aaharam mariyu goodu kattadaniki okadaanitoe okati pootii padataayi. mirmisinlu tama aaharaanni vittanaalaku vistarinchaayi mariyu affids, malibugs, treehappers mariyu itara tenegudu sravinche keetakaalato trophobiotic sahajeevana sambandhaalanu yerparachukunnayi, ivi angiosperm adavulalo kooda vijayavantamayyaayi, ivi pandiri ledhaa samasheetoshna vaataavaranaala vanti itara biomelapy daadi cheyadaaniki mariyu madhya eocene natiki prapanchavyaaptamgaa pampineeni saadhinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchaayi.
seethaakokachiluka mariyu chimmata (lepidopteron) shilaja recordulalo daadaapu 80 saatam prarambha polyogene, mukhyamgaa chivari paleocene mariyu madhya nundi chivari eocene loe sambhavistaayi. chaalaa varaku paleocene lepidopteron kudimpu silaajaalu danish bochu nirmaanam nundi vachayi. taruvaati yugaalato poliste polyocenelo takkuva kutumba-sthaayi vaividhyam unnappatikee, idhi chaalaa varaku asampoorna shilaja namodu kaaranamgaa undavacchu. gabbilala parinaamam lepidopteranlapy teevra prabhavanni choopindi, ivi ecolocation jamming mariyu byaat sankethaalanu gurtinche saamarthyam vanti aneka anty-predator anusaranalanu kaligi unnaayi.
theneteegala shilaja rikaardu chaalaa parimitamgaa unnappatikee, theneteegalu keey-piji vilupta sanghatana mariyu pushpinche mokkala dye-off valla ekkuvagaa prabhaavitamayyaayi. atyanta puraatana cleptoperacetic theneteega, "paleopiolus", paleocene 60 miah nundi telisindi.
eocene lakshanaalu unnappatikee, ippativaraku, telisina shilaja saaleedu jaatulalo atyadhika nishpatti, paleocene saaleedu kuurpu chaalaa takkuvagaa untundi. konni saaleedu samuuhaalu petm chuttoo, jumping salepurugulu, mariyu bahusha colotin salepurugulu (garaatu netha kutumbaaniki chendina sabhyulu) vanti vaividhyabharitamgaa maaradam praarambhinchaayi.
ksheeradaala vaividhyam paraannajeevi keetakaalapai teevra prabhavanni choopindi, avi gabbilala parinaamam, ivi telisina itara ksheeradaalu ledhaa pakshula kante ekkuva ectoparasitelanu kaligi untaayi. ksheeradaalapai petm prabhavam eegalu, paelu mariyu ostroidla parinaamaanni baga prabhaavitam chesindi.
samudra akasherukaalu.
samudra akasherukaalalo, plankton mariyu vaati abhivruddhilo planctonic dasha (meroplankton) unnavaaru keey-piji vilupta sanghatana dwara ekkuvagaa prabhaavitamayyaaru, mariyu plankton janabha kuppakoolindi. daadaapu 90 saatam calshifying plankton jaatulu antarinchipooyaayi. idhi pratidhvaninchi, ammonitelu mariyu pedda raptorial samudra sareesrupaala antharinchipovadamtho prapancha samudra aahara golusu kuulipoevadaaniki kaaranamaindi. edemaina, pedda chepala jaatula vegavantamaina vaividhyam paleocene kaalamlo aarogyakaramaina plankton janabhanu suuchistumdi.
samudra akasheruka vaividhyam kolukovadaniki sumaru 7 million samvatsaraalu pattavacchu, ayinappatikee idhi oka samrakshana kalakhandam kaavacchu, endukante silaajam ayye avakaasam ledhu, mariyu shareera parimaanam sarihaddu antataa taggipoyi undavacchu. antaarkitikaaloni seamer dveepamlo, samudra jeevula samudaayam pradhanamgaa keey-piji vilupta sanghatana tarvaata sumaru 320,000 samvatsaraala paatu bilaalu mariyu nattalu vanti bilaalu vese jeevulanu kaligi undani, mariyu samudra vaividhyam munupati sthaayiki tirigi raavadaaniki sumaru oka million samvatsaraalu pattindani 2019 adhyayanam kanugondi. bhoomadhyarekhaku daggaragaa unna praantaalu marinta prabhaavitamai undavacchu. isuka dollarlu modata paleocene chivarilo abhivruddhi chendaayi. james rose dveepam yokka chivari critatius decapad crustatian sammelanam pradhanamgaa maargadarsaka jaatulu mariyu modati antarcitic peetalu mariyu netikee antarciticalo nivasinche "linuparus", "metanephropes" mariyu "munidopsis" jaatiki chendina endrakaayalu modati sariga kanipinchina aadhunika jantujaalam yokka puurveekulu.
cretatius loe, pradhana reif-building jeevulu pagadaniki badulugaa baaks lanty bivalve rudistulu-vaividhyamaina cretatius pagadapu kuurpu unnappatikee-mariyu keey-piji vilupta sanghatana samayaniki rudistulu kuppakulipoyaru. konni pagadalu cretatius chivarilo mariyu polyogeneloki adhika akshaamsaalalo manugada saaginchinatlu telisindi, mariyu keey-piji vilupta sanghatana tarvaata 8 million samvatsaraala varaku kathinamaina pagadapu-aadhipatya dibbalu tirigi pondavacchu, ayithe eee samayamlo pagadapu shilaja recordulu chaalaa takkuvagaa unnaayi. paleocene kaalamlo vistrutamaina pagadapu dibbalu laenappatikee, konni kaalaneelu undevi-pradhanamgaa jukesanthellet pagadalu aadhipatyam chelayinchevi-nissara teerapraanta (neritic) praantaalalo undevi. taja cretatius loe praarambhamai, prarambha eocene varaku konasagina, suvarnaadhaarita pagadalu vaegamgaa vaividhyabharitamgaa marai. pagadalu bahusha samudrapu adugubhaagamlo sthalam kosam pradhanamgaa erupu mariyu pagadapu aalgetho pootii paddayi. calcified dicyclaudaline aakupaccha algay paleocene kaalamlo vaati parinaama charitralo goppa vaividhyaanni anubhavinchindi. myosene kaalam varaku shilaja recordulalo pagadapu dibbala paryaavarana vyavasthalu pratyaekamgaa samruddhiga laenappatikee (bahusha samrakshana pakshapaatam kaaranamgaa), ippudu pyrinese (63 miah kante mundu udbhavinchina) loe balamaina pagadapu dibbalu gurtinchabaddaayi, konni chinna pagadapu dibbalu madhyadhara praantam antataa gurtinchabaddaayi.