dahomi

dahomi rajyam () anedi prastuta benin loe unna paschima african rajyam, idhi sumaru 1600 nundi 1904 varaku unikilo undhi. 17va sataabdam praarambhamlo phaan prajalalo abomi peethabhoomipai dahomi abhivruddhi chendindi mariyu 18va sataabdamloo atlantic teeramloni vaida raajyaaniki chendina vaida vanti keelaka nagaralanu jayinchadaaniki dakshinaana vistarinchadam dwara praantiiya saktigaa maarindi, idhi tricontinental tribhujaakaara vaanijyaaniki addanki lekunda pravesaanni manjuru chesindi.
19va sataabdam madhyakaalamlo, oyo saamraajyaaniki upanadi hodaanu muginchina taruvaata, dahomi rajyam keelaka praantiiya rashtramgaa maarindi. european sandarsakulu eee rajyaanni vistrutamgaa namodu chesaaru, idhi europeanlaku telisina atyanta suparichitamaina african deshaalalo okatigaa maarindi. dahomi rajyam oka mukhyamaina praantiiya shakti, idhi vijayalu mariyu baanisa kaarmikulapai nirminchina vyavastheekruta desheeya aardhika vyavastha, europeanlatho gananeeyamaina antarjaateeya vaanijyam mariyu dautya sambandhaalu, kendrikruta paripalana, pannu vyavasthalu mariyu vyavastheekruta sainyam kaligi undhi. eee raajyamlo mukhyamaina kalaakrutulu, european pariseelakulu dahomi amazonlu anie piliche oka mahilaa sainika vibhagam, mariyu vodun yokka vistrutamaina mataparamaina acharalu unnaayi.
dahomi yokka perugudala atlantic baanisa vaanijyam yokka perugudalato samanamga jarigindi, mariyu idhi baanisala pradhana sarafaradaruga europeanlaku prasiddhi chendindi. dahomi nirantaram yuddham kosam vyavastheekrutamaina atyanta sainika samajam; idhi porugu deshaalaku vyatiraekamgaa yuddhalu mariyu daadulaloo nimagnamai, bandeelanu tupaakulu, gunpouder, battalu, courie shellu, pogaaku, gottalu mariyu madyam vanti european vastuvulaku badulugaa atlantic baanisa vyaapaaramloki vikrayinchindi. itara bandheelanu daahomeelo banisaluga marcharu, akkada vaaru raaja thotalalo panicheesaaru ledhaa dahomi vaarshika acharalu anie piluvabade panduga vedukala samayamlo maanava tyaagaalalo champabaddaru. dahomi vaarshika acharalalo bahumatulu mariyu nivaali, mataparamaina vodun vedukalu, sainika kavaatulu mariyu rajyam yokka bhavishyattu gurinchi pramukhula charchala yokka gananeeyamaina sekarana mariyu pampinhee unnaayi.
undhi, baanisa vaanijyaanni raddu cheyamani british ottiditoe dahomi ksheenatanu edurkovadam praarambhinchindi, indulo british raaja naavikaadalam raajyaaniki vyatiraekamgaa naukaadala digbandhanaanni vidhinchadam mariyu daani tiiraaniki sameepamlo banisatva vyatiraeka gasteeni amalu cheyadam vantivi unnaayi. dakshina disagaa valasa vacchina oyo saamraajya saranaarthulu sthaapinchina yoruba nagara-raashtramaina abiyokutaalo baanisalanu aakraminchi pattukovadamlo viphalamaina taruvaata dahomi kooda balaheenapadindi. dahomi taruvaata fransto praadaesika vivaadaalanu edurkovadam praarambhinchaadu, idhi vivaadaalu modati franco-dahomian yuddhaaniki daariteesindi, phalitamgaa french vijayam saadhinchindi. rendava franco-dahomi yuddhamlo chivari raaju behanjin france chetilo odipoyinappudu rajyam chivaraku rajyam padipoyindi, idhi french dahomi kaalaneega french paschima aafrikaalo vileenam kaavadaaniki daariteesindi, taruvaata mariyu republic off dahomiga swaatantryam pondindi, taruvaata pondindi benin anie paeru maarchukundi.
paeru.
dahomi rajyaanni aneka vibhina paerlatoe suuchistaaru mariyu "danxome", "danhome" mariyu "phone" thoo sahaa vividha margallo vraayabadindi. phone" anae paeru aadhipatya jaathi mariyu bhasha samuuhaaniki, raajyamlooni raaja kutumbaala yokka phone prajalaku sambandhinchinadi mariyu eee rajyam modata europeanlaku elaa telisindi. dahomi", "danxome", mariyu "danhome" anae paerlannee oke vidhamaina muula kathanu kaligi unnaayi, idhi charitrakaarudu edna bay tappudu vyutpatti kaavacchu anie chepparu.
aadhunika raajula jaabitaalo rendava rajuga pariganinchabade dakodonuku gedevi adhipatulu, sthaanika paalakulu abome peethabhoomilo sthirapadataaniki anumati icchaarani katha chebutundi. dakodonu daan (ledhaa daa) anae pramukha adhipati nundi adanapu bhoomini abhyardhinchaadu, daaniki adhipati vyangyamgaa spandistuu, "neenu naa kadupu terichi, andulo meeku illu nirminchala?"eee avamaanaaniki, dakodonu daannu champi, akkadikakkade thana rajabhavanam nirmaanaanni praarambhinchaadu. rajyam paeru eee sanghatana nundi udbhavinchindihi "daan" antey "cheef", "xo" antey "boddu" mariyu "neenu" antey "lopala".
charitra.
1600 loe eee praantamloo iteevala sthirapadina (ledhaa bahusha ajaa prajalu mariyu sthaanika gedevi madhya antar vivaham phalitamgaa) phaan prajalu dahomi rajyaanni sthaapinchaaru. daahomeeki punaadi raaju tarachugaa hougbadza (c. 1645-1685), athanu abome raajapraasaadaalanu nirminchi, abome peethabhoomi velupala unna pattanaalapai daadi chesi swaadheenam chesukovadam praarambhinchaadu.
agaja niyamam (1708-1740).
hougbadza manavadu agaja raaju raaju simhaasanaaniki vacchi dahomi rajyaanni gananeeyamgaa vistarinchadam praarambhinchaadu. eee vistarana raaju agaja yokka dahomi yokka unnata sainika shakti dwara saadhyamaindi. chuttupakkala praantaalaku viruddhamgaa, dahomi sumaru padhi vaela mandhi unna vruttiparamaina sainyanni niyaminchaadu. dahomiki sankhyalo korata unnadaanni, vaaru kramasikshanalo mariyu unnata aayudhalalo bharti chesaaru. chesaaru, agaja moukhika sampradaayam prakaram raaja kutumbaaniki muulam ayina alladaanu jayinchadu, istaaru athanu vaidaanu jayinchadu. idhi rajyam yokka parimaanaanni penchindi, mukhyamgaa atlantic teeram vembadi, mariyu perigina shakti dahomeeni praantiiya saktigaa maarchindi. phalitamgaa 1728 nundi 1740 varaku pradhana praantiiya raashtramaina oyo saamraajyamtho nirantara yuddham jarigindi. oyo saamraajyamtho yuddham phalitamgaa oyo saamraajyaaniki dahomi upanadi hodaanu pondaadu.
tegbesu niyamam (1740-1774).
tegbessu, tegbessu anie kooda pilustaaru, 1740 nundi 1774 varaku prastuta beninlo dahomi rajuga unnadu. tegbessu raaju agaja (1708-1740) yokka pedda kumarudu kaadu, conny oka sodarudito vaarasatva poraataanni geluchukunna taruvaata thana tandri maranam taruvaata empika cheyabaddaadu. agaja raaju thana paalanalo dahomi rajyaanni gananeeyamgaa vistarinchaadu, mukhyamgaa istaaru vaidaanu jayinchadu. idhi raajya parimaanaanni penchindi mariyu desheeya asammati mariyu praantiiya vyatiraekata rendintinee penchindi. tegbesso iteevala jayinchina vaaripai daani chattabaddhatanu penchaalsina avasaram unna samayamlo dahomipai paalinchaadu. phalitamgaa, rajyam yokka chattabaddhatanu sthaapinchadaaniki tegbesu tarachugaa raajyamlo aneka paripalana maarpulaku ghanata pondaadu. 
tegbesso paalanalo baanisa vyaparam gananeeyamgaa perigindi mariyu rajuku aadaayamlo atipedda bhaganni andinchadam praarambhinchindi. adanamgaa, tegbesu niyamam modati mukhyamaina "cposito" ledhaa aaa paatralo hwanzyl thoo chiruta talli. cposito" dahomi raajakutumbamlo pramukha vyaktigaa maaradu. mukhyamgaa, hwanzyl, rendu kotta devatalanu srushtinchadam dwara mariyu rajutho marinta sannihitamgaa aaraadhananu kattadam dwara dahomi mataparamaina aacharalanu natakeeyamgaa maarchinatlu chebutaaru. oka moukhika sampradaayam prakaram, oyo kii dahomi chellinchaalsina kappam loe bhaagamgaa, agaja thana kumaarulalo okariki oyo ivvalsi vachindi. agaja bhaaryalandarilo kevalam hwanzyle matrame thana kodukunu oyo velladaaniki anumatinchadaaniki siddhamgaa unnaadani katha perkondi. moukhika sampradaayam prakaram, eee tyaagam agaja chetha anukuulamgaa undedi. agaja taanu bhavishyat raaju anie tegbesuutoe cheppinatlu samacharam, conny athani sodarudu jinga ippatikee adhikaarika varasudu.
ghejo niyamam (1818-1859).
(1818-1859) raaju ghejo simhasananni adhishtinchinappudu, athanu rendu takshana addamkulanu edurkonnaduh dahomi rajyam raajakeeya sankshobhamlo undhi, adhi aardhikamgaa asthiramgaa undhi. modatidi, 1748 nundi oyo yokka yoruba saamrajyam daahomeepai kaligi unna upanadi kaadini tolaginchadam dwara athanu raajakeeya swaatantryam pondaalsina avasaram undhi. rendavadi, athanu dahomi aardhika vyavasthanu punaruddharinchaalsina avasaram undhi. eee rendu lakshyalu baanisa vyaparampai aadharapaddaayi. raaju ghejo kotta sainika vyuuhaalanu amalu chesaadu, idhi baanisa vyaparamlo pradhana pootiidaaru ayina oyoku vyatiraekamgaa bhouthika vaikharini teesukoovadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. baanisa vyaparamlo dahomi paalgonadampai kooda ayana sharatulu vidhinchaaru. athani paalanalo, dahomilu ikapai vyaparam cheyabadavu, endukante avi athani sodarudu adandojan naayakatvamlo undevi. dahomi vaari satruvulanu bandhinchi, badulugaa vaarini vyaparam cheyadampai drushti pedataaru. ayithe, raaju ghejo chivariki thana prajalanu thaati noone "chattabaddhamaina" vaanijyam vaipu nadipinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu.
prayatninchaadu oyo saamrajyaanni, daani kaadini pavonignon vadda koolchivesinappudu dahomilu twaralone vijayam saadhinchaaru. saadhinchaaru brazil baanisala kosam demand periginappudu, british vaaru aafrikaalo baanisa vaanijyaanni raddu cheyadaaniki oka pracharanni praarambhinchaaru. undhi british prabhutvam dahomilo baanisa vyapaaraanni antam cheyadaaniki raaju ghejopai gananeeyamaina ottidi teesukuraavadam praarambhinchindi. desheeya ottidi kaaranamgaa baanisa vyapaaraanni muginchalekapoyanani nokkicheppadam dwara raaju ghejo eee abhyardhanalaku pratispandinchaadu. mottam praantam baanisa vyaparampai aadharapadi undani, tadwara ventane mugimpu athani rajyaanni asthiraparustundani, araachakaaniki daariteestundani ayana vaariki vivarinchaadu. king vilium dappa peppil off boney mariyu king cosoco off lagos british abhyardhanala patla adhe vaikharini teesukunnaru. badulugaa, raaju ghejo thaati noone vaanijyaanni vistarinchaalani, baanisa vaanijyaanni kramamga raddu cheyaalani pratipaadinchaadu.
raaju ghejo paalana goppa yuddhalu mariyu saamrajyamlo gananeeyamaina maarpulatoe gurtinchabadindi, veetilo puurvapu saamrajyam yokka etthu kooda undhi. eee "dahomi amazon" oyo saamrajyam otamitho keelakam. athani paalana british prayatnaalaku vyatiraekamgaa nilabadina atyanta saktivantamaina african rajyalalo okatigaa dahomi rajyaanni susthiram chesindi, egba maddatutoe, prajalanu kraistava matamloki maarchadamlo, mariyu vodun anie piluvabade vaari saampradaaya mataanni konasaaginchindi. athanu baanisala maanava balini raddu chesi, vyabhicharam vanti konni takkuva neeraalaku maranasikshanu tolaginchaadu. rajyam yokka krooratva charitra unnappatikee, raaju ghejo tarachugaa gouravapradamaina mariyu ajeyamaina vyaktigaa, athani satruvulachae kooda varninchabaddaadu. british missionary thamus birch freeman kooda aayananu "athani vayassulooni atyanta visaeshamaina vyaktulalo okarigaa chitreekarinchaaru, memu atanini vyaktigata saamardhyamlo oka vyaktigaa, ledhaa yodhudigaa mariyu raajaneetignudigaa pariganinchaamu."
raajyaaniki mugimpu.
eee rajyam modati franco-dahomian yuddham mariyu rendava franco-dahomian yuddhanni fransto chesindi. eee rajyam tagginchabadindi mariyu rajyam french rakshita raajyamgaa maarchabadindi.
maarchabadindi, eee praantam french kaalanee, french dahomilo bhaagamaindi.
bhaagamaindi french dahomi republic off dahomi anie piluvabade swayam paalita kaalaneega maarindi mariyu mariyu puurti swaatantryam pondindi. pondindi dheeniki peeples republic off benin anie paeru maarchabadindi mariyu mariyu republic off benin gaa paeru maarchabadindi.
aadhunika charitra.
nedu, benin lopala unna rajyanga raacharikamgaa rajyam konasaagutundi. daani paalakulu benin rajyangam krinda etuvanti adhikaarika adhikaaraalanu kaligi laeru, conny vaaru kontha raajakeeya mariyu aardhika prabhavanni kaligi unnaaru. aadhunika raajulu mukhyamaina vodun mataparamaina pandugalu mariyu itara saampradaaya vedukalalo palgontaru.
rajakeeyaalu.
prarambha rachanalu tarachugaa rajyaanni nirankusa raaju netrutvamloni sampoorna raacharikamgaa pradarsinchaayi. ayithe, eee chitranalu tarachugaa baanisa vaanijya charchalalo, pradhanamgaa united kingdamlo, vividha pakshaala vaadanalugaa upayoginchabaddaayi, mariyu bahusha atisayoktulu. iteevali chaaritraka rachanalu dahomi raajyamlo raacharika shakti parimitulanu nokki cheppayi. charitrakaarudu zaan sii. yoder, raajyamlooni goppa mandalini drushtilo unchukuni, daani karyakalapalu "dahomi prabhutvam prajaswaamyamgaa undani ledhaa aame rajakeeyaalu pantommidava sataabdapu european racharikalanu anchanaa vaesaayani kooda suuchimchavani vaadinchaaru. ayithe, prabhutva nirnayaalu antargata raajakeeya ottillaku chetana pratispandanalato paatu karyanirvahaka suutraala dwara roopondinchabaddaayi anae siddhaantaaniki ituvanti aadharalu maddatu istayi."praathamika raajakeeya vibhagalu graamaala chuttoo tirugutuu undevi, raaju niyaminchina adhipatulu mariyu paripalana padavulu mariyu graamamlo vivaadaalanu parishkarinchadaaniki athani pratinidhulugaa vyavaharinchevi.
raaju.
dahomi raaju (phone bhaashalo "ahosu") rajyam yokka saarvabhouma shakti. rajulandaru allaadaaloni raaja kutumbam nundi vachinavaarani paerkontuu "alladoxonou" raajavamsamlo bhagamani paerkonnaaru. vaarasatva niyamaalu mariyu paripalana nirmaanaalalo chaalaa varaku raajulu hougbadza, akaba mariyu agaja chetha praarambhamlo srushtinchabaddaayi. vamsamlooni maga sabhyula dwara vaarasatvam anedi pramaanam, raajatvam saadhaaranamgaa (conny ellappuduu kaadu) pedda kumarudiki velutundi. goppa mandali samavesalalo charcha mariyu nirnayam dwara raajunu ekkuvagaa empika chesaaru, ayithe idhi elaa panichestundo ellappuduu spashtamgaa ledhu. goppa mandali prati samvatsaram dahomi vaarshika acharalalo kalavadaniki rajyam antataa vividha pramukhulanu okachota cherchindi. charchalu sudeerghamgaa untaayi mariyu raajyamantataa nundi purushulu mariyu mahilalu iddaroo sabhyuluga untaaru. charchala mugimpulo, raaju samuuham yokka ekaabhipraayaanni prakatistaadu.
rajasabha.
raaju aasthaanamlo keelaka padavulalo "mygon" (pradhana mantri), "mehu" (aardhika mantri), "yovogan", "tokpo" (vyavasaya mantri), "agaon" (sainyam yokka general), "cposito" (ledhaa raani talli), taruvaata "chaachaa" (ledhaa vaisray) unnaayi. cposito" minaha, eee cabinet sthaanaalalo prati okkati, vaatini puurti cheyadaaniki oka mahilaa pratiroopam netrutvamlo undevi. mye" (maa) mariyu "gunn" (cheef) kalayikatho "maigan" rajuku praathamika consul, keelaka nyaya vyakti, mariyu pradhana uriteetadaarugaa panicheesaaru. mehu" adevidhamgaa raaja kutumba vyavaharalu, aardhika vishayalu, allada dakshina praantaalanu nirvahinche keelaka paripalana adhikari (europeanlatho sampradinchadaaniki eee sthaanaanni keelakam).
videshee sambandhaalu.
dahomi mariyu itara deshaala madhya sambandhaalu sanklishtamgaa undevi mariyu atlantic daati baanisa vaanijyam dwara bhaareega prabhaavitamayyaayi.
brazil.
brazil, dahomi rajyam brazilku doutyaparamaina missionu pampindi, ayithe desham ippatikee portugees saamrajyamlo bhaagamgaa undagaa, raasaaru portugees-brazilian dautya adhikaarulanu bahishkarinchadaaniki daariteesina oka sanghatana tarvaata dautya sambandhaalanu balopetam cheyadaaniki. eee sambandhaalanu konasaginchalane aasakti aardhikamgaa undedi, "brazillo nivasistunna portugees valasa adhikarulu mariyu baanisa konugoludaarulato sannihita sambandhaalanu pempondinchukovadam, mariyu vaaru pratyarthi raajyaala kante dahomi sarafara chesina baanisalanu konadam konasaginchela konasaginchela brazil swaatantraanni gurtinchina modati desham dahomi.
brazilian baanisa vyapari ayina francisco felix dii sousa, raaju ghejo adhikaranni swaadheenam chesukovadamlo sahayapadina taruvaata dahomilo rajakeeyamgaa prabhaavavantamaina vyakti ayyadu. ayana thana tadupari paalanalo "chaachaa" padavini kooda nirvahinchaaru.
france.
france, dahomi upanadulalo okataina porto-novo raajyampai british raaja naavikaadalam daadi chesindi, idhi baanisa vyatiraeka gasteelo palgontondi. porto-novo france nundi rakshana kosam korindi mariyu phalitamgaa phalitamgaa french rakshita raajyamgaa maarindi. ayithe, eee hodaanu raaju behanjin tiraskarinchaadu, athanu ippatikee porto-novoni dahomi yokka upanadigaa prakatinchaadu. vivaadaaniki sambandhinchina maroka samasya emitante kotonou yokka sthithi, french vaaru tama niyantranalo unnaarani bhaavinche odarevu endukante vaidaalo dahomi pratinidhi santakam chesina oppandam. dahomi akkada anni french vaadanalanu kooda vismarinchi, odarevu nundi customs sekarinchadam konasaginchadu. eee praadaesika vivaadaalu vivaadaalu modati franco-dahomian yuddhamgaa perigayi, phalitamgaa french vijayam saadhinchindi. dahomi french kuu porto-novo mariyu kotonou lanu appaginche oppandampai santakam cheyavalasi vachindi. ayithe, dahomi taruvaata aaa praantampai daadi cheyadaaniki tirigi vacchaadu mariyu teliyajesaadu rendava franco-dahomi yuddhanni prerepistuu french firyaadulanu vismarinchaadu. rajyam rajyam odipoyindi, french dahomiga french valasa saamrajyamlo vileenam cheyabadindi, mariyu raaju behanjin algeriaku bahishkarinchabaddaadu.
portugal.
raasaaru nagaram meeda vijayam saadhinchinappudu oyidaalooni portugees kotanu dahomi sainyam naasanam chesindi, kabatti raaju tegbessu porchugaltho sambandhaalanu punaruddharinchaalani korukunnadu. atlantic baanisa vaanijyam nibandhanalanu charchinche lakshyamtho 1750,1795,1805,1811 mariyu 1818 samvatsaraalalo dahomi kaneesam aidu rayabara karyalayalanu portugees mariyu brazilku pampaadu. eee missionlu dahomi raajulu mariyu portugal raajula madhya adhikaarika karaspandensnu srushtinchaayi mariyu vaari madhya bahumatulu marpidi cheyabaddaayi. lisban mariyu salvador, bahiya madhya prayaaninchina dahomi raayabaarula prayaana mariyu vasati kharchulaku portugees kireetam chellinchindi. 1805 mariyu 1811 yokka rayabara karyalayalu portugees pourulanu dahomi rajadhani abomelo khaidu chesi, portugees prajalanu pratyaekamgaa oyidaalo vyaparam cheyamani abhyardhinchina raaju adandojan nundi lekhalanu teesukuvacchaayi. khaideelanu vidudala chesthe thana demandlaku samadhanam istanani portugal vaagdaanam chesaadu.
aktobaru 9,1810 naati raaju adandozan nundi vacchina sudeerghamaina mariyu vivaranaatmaka lekha napolean yuddhaala gurinchi mariyu portugees raaja kutumbam brazilku bahishkarinchabadina taruvaata tanaku telusani choopistundi, mariyu fraansku vyatiraekamgaa jarigina yuddhamlo portugees raaja kutumbaaniki sahayam cheyalekapoyanani athanu paschaattaapam vyaktam chesaadu. mahi desham yokka raajunu elaa odinchaado vivarinchina taruvaata, adandojan poorchugeesuku ilaa cheptaadu,
united kingdom.
19va sataabdamloo british saamrajyam yokka banisatva vyatiraeka prachaaraaniki dahomi lakshyamgaa maarindi. maanava bully mariyu baanisa vyapaaraanni raddu cheyamani raaju ghejoni oppinche prayatnamlo british vaaru dahomiki dautya karyakalapalanu pampaaru. ghejo ventane british demandlanu angeekarinchaledu, conny badulugaa thaati noonelo kotta vaanijyam vruddhini prothsahinchadam dwara british vaaritho snehapoorvaka sambandhaalanu konasaaginchadaaniki prayatninchaadu. prayatninchaadu, raaja naavikaadalam daahomeeki vyatiraekamgaa naukaadala digbandhanaanni vidhinchindi, vidhinchindi ghejo baanisala egumatini ventane raddu chesina oppandampai santakam cheyavalasi vachindi. ayithe, eee oppandam raddu cheyabadi, 1857 mariyu chesindi.ess baanisa vaanijya prayatnaalu tirigi prarambhamayyayi. charitrakaarudu martin meredith british vaariki cheppina ghejoni utankinchaaruh
utankinchaaruh dahomiki dautya mission samayamlo, kepten frederic ii. raaja naavikaadalaaniki chendina forbes raaju ghejo nundi banisaga (taruvaata saaraa forbes bonnetta anie paeru pettaru) oka "bahumati" gaa andukunnaru, taruvaata aame victoria raani kii deevatagaa maarindi.
united states.
american viplavam samayamlo, tirugubaatu chesina samyukta kaalaneelu kaalaneeni batti vividha aardhika, raajakeeya mariyu naitika kaaranaala valla antarjaateeya baanisa vaanijyaanni nishedhinchaayi. viplavam mugisina taruvaata, yuu.ess. adhyakshudu thamus jefferson jefferson baanisala digumatini nishedhinche chattampai santakam chesaaru, idhi antarjaateeya baanisa vaanijyaanni samakhya chattaviruddham chesindi, ayithe desheeya baanisatvam american antaryuddham varaku konasaagindi. anduvalla, united states dahomi raajyamtho etuvanti adhikaarika dautya sambandhaalanu eppuduu sthaapinchaledu. ayithe, baanisa vyaparam raddu cheyabadina chaalaa kaalam tarvaata konugolu chesina 110 mandhi baanisala samuuhaanni rahasyamgaa united statesku prayaaninchi, chattaviruddhamgaa digumati chesukunna chivari baanisa ooda. eee kathanu 1860 juulai 14naa "dhi tarboro southerner" vaartaapatrikalo prastaavinchaaru. 1860 juulai 9naa, vilium foster naayakatvam vahinchina "clotilda" anae scooner, mobile beki cherukundi, alabama chivariga telisina baanisalanu yuu. kuu ravana chesindi.ess. chesindi.ess, timoti meehar anae american vyakti baanisa vyapaaraanni nishedhinche chattam unnappatikee, athanu africa nundi baanisalanu surakshitamgaa teesukuraagaladani parichayastulatho pandem vaesaadu. athanu "clotilda" baanisa oodanu nirminchi, daaniki naayakatvam vahinchadaaniki mariyu baanisalanu tirigi pondadaaniki vilium pempakandaarulanu pampaadu.
kepten vilium pempudu dahomi theera naukaasrayamaina oyidaaku cherukuni 110 mandhi baanisalanu tirigi pondaadu. baanisalanu elaa swaadheenam chesukunnaro vivaristuu, vivaristuu thana patrikalo ilaa raasaadu,
zora neel hurston thana pustakamlo "clotilda" chivari praanaalatoe bayatapadina oluel kosolato thana interviewla gurinchi raasaaru. eee ooda nundi vacchina baanisa yokka pramukha varasudu questlov anie piluvabade american sangeeta kalakarudu ayina ahmer khalib thampson. mister. thampson kathanu pbs television show "finding yuvar rutes" [season 4, episode 9] loe chitreekarinchaaru.
yoruba.
oyo saamrajyam 1732 nundi 1823 varaku oyo raajyamtho tarachugaa gharshanalalo nimagnamai undhi. oyo rakshanalo unna porto-novo nagara-rashtram, mariyu teeram vembadi baanisa vaanijyam niyantranapai dahomiki deerghakaala satrutvam undhi. undhi abiokuta yokka perugudala baanisa vyaparam nundi prajalaku surakshitamaina swargadhaamaanni srushtinchadam dwara daahomeeki pratyarthigaa maroka saktini srushtinchindi.
oyo saamrajyam patanam taruvaata baanisa daadulaloo dahomi chetha bandhinchabadina pramukha yoruba prajalalo saaraa forbes bonnetta (aina), kudjo levis (oluye kosola), matilda mccrare (abake), redoshi mariyu seriki villiams abas (iffaremilecun fagbemi) unnaaru.
sainyam.
dahomi rajyam yokka sainyam rendu vibhagaluga vibhajinchabadindih kudi mariyu edama. kudi vaipuna "mygon" mariyu edama vaipuna "mehu" niyantrinchabadevi. kaneesam agaja samayaniki, raaju ekkada unnaa, aaa raajyamlo nilabadi unna sainyam undipoyindi. sainyamlo sainikulanu edu ledhaa enimidi samvatsaraala vayassulo niyaminchaaru, praarambhamlo saadhaarana sainikulaku kavacham vahakaalugaa panicheesaaru. aneka samvatsaraala apprenticeship mariyu sainika anubhavam taruvaata, vaaru saadhaarana sainikuluga sainyamlo chaeradaaniki anumatinchabaddaaru. sainikulanu marinta prothsahinchadaaniki, prati sainikudu yuddhamlo champabadina ledhaa swaadheenam chesukunna prati satruvuku courie shellalo chellinchina bonaslanu andukunnadu. jeevitakaala sainika anubhavam mariyu dravya prothsaahakaala kalayika oka samanvaya, baga kramasikshana kaligina sainyaniki daariteesindi. oka european matladutu, agaja yokka nilabadi unna sainyamlo "dhairyavanthulaina mariyu baga kramasikshana kaligina unnata dalaalu, shouryam mariyu vivekamtho nindina yuvaraju netrutvamlo, anubhavagnulaina adhikaarula sibbandi maddatu kaligi unnaaru". sainyamlo 15,000 mandhi sibbandi undevaaru, veeru kudi, edama, madhya mariyu reserve gaa vibhajinchabaddaaru; mariyu veetilo prati okkati companylu mariyu platoonlugaa vibhajinchabadindi.
baga sikshana pondadamtho paatu, agaja aadhvaryamlo dahomi sainyam kooda baga saayudhamaindi. saampradaaya aayudhaalaku viruddhamgaa dahomi sainyam digumati chesukunna european aayudhalanu ishtapadindi. udaaharanaku, vaaru suduura poraatamlo european flintlock masketlanu upayoginchaaru mariyu daggari poraatamlo ukku kattulu mariyu katlaaslanu digumati chesukunnaru. dahomi sainyam kooda iravai aidu firangulanu kaligi undhi. 19va sataabdam chivari natiki, dahomi vadda pedda aayudhagaaram undedi. veetilo chasepat drace, mouser, snider enfield, vanjel, werndle, peebody action, winchester, spensor, albini, robbert johns carbine, french musketoon 1882 mariyu mitrail refy 1867 unnaayi. tupaakulato paatu, dahomi mortarlanu upayoginchaaru.
yuddhaaniki velletappudu, raaju feeled kamaandarku dviteeya sthaanaanni teesukuntaadu, yea aatma ayina kamaandarnu nirnayaalaku sikshiste adhi raaju kakudadani kaaranam. dahomi unitlu nirantaram thravvabaduthuu undevi. vaaru command meeda kaalpulu jaripaaru, counter maarknu upayoginchaaru mariyu lothaina niluvu varusala nundi vistarinchina panktulanu erpaatu chesaaru. dahomi yuddhamlo agnini kappadam, mundu daadulu mariyu parshwa kadalikalu vanti vyuuhaalu upayoginchabaddaayi. mahilaa sainikula brundam ayina dahomi amazon, rajyam yokka sainyam yokka atyanta asaadhaaranamaina amsaalalo okati. itara praantiiya saktula maadirigaa kakunda, dahomi sainyaniki gananeeyamaina aswikadalam (oyo saamrajyam vantivi) ledhaa naukaadala shakti (idhi teeram vembadi vistarananu nirodhinchindi) ledhu. 18va sataabdam nundi, 18va sataabdam praarambhamlo rashtraanni jayinchina taruvaata vaaru adheena raajavamsaanni srushtinchina ardra nundi rashtram naavikaadala maddatunu pondagaligindi. dahomi dahomi epeku vyatiraekamgaa arda yokka naavikaadalam yokka sevalanu mariyu mariyu byaadagreeni namodu chesaadu.
dahomi amazon.
dahomian rashtram mahilaa sainikula dalaalaku vistrutamgaa prasiddhi chendindi. vaari muulaalu charchaneeyaamsamgaa unnaayi; vaaru rajabhavanam yokka rakshakula nundi ledhaa (stree vaeta brundaalu) nundi erpadi undavacchu.
sainyanni nimpadaaniki mariyu yuddhamlo peddadigaa kanipinchela cheyadaaniki, bannerlatho matrame saayudhamgaa, 1729 loe vaatini erpaatu chesaaru. mahilalu entha dhairyamgaa pravartinchaaro vaaru shaashwata dalamgaa maaraarani nivedinchabadindi. praarambhamlo, sainikulu uriteeyabadatam kante neerasthulugaa sevalo nimagnamai undevaaru. ayithe, chivariki, dalaalu taginantagaa gowravinchabaddaayi, prati kutumbaanni tama kumaartelanu pampamani raaju ghejo aadesinchaadu, atyanta yogyamaina vaarini sainikuluga empika chesaaru. oka dahomian maga sainikudu load cheyadaaniki teesukunna 50 seconlatho poliste oka amazon 30 sekanla samayam teesukunna daan gunn load cheyadaaniki edu vibhina kadalikalu avasaramani european khaataalu spashtam chesaayi.
muttadi mariyu injaneering.
daani poruguvaari naavikaadalaalanu anachiveyadaaniki, dahomi 1774 nundi praarambhamaina maargaalanu nirminchaadu. aaa samvatsaram vaidaku vyatiraekamgaa jarigina poraatamlo, dahomi foudou-kaang anae dveepamlo tananu taanu balavantam chesukogaligadu. oka codd vaegaa panicheyadaaniki mariyu balavardhakamaina vaida dveepaaniki sainyam yokka pravaesaaniki vantenagaa upayogapadataaniki neetilo naatina dahomi cutt chetlu. eee cargle maargam vaidaku chendina 700 padava dalaala kadalikanu kooda addukundi. phalitamgaa, enduku sainyam thana dalaalanu chepala aahaaramto konasaagistuu nelala tarabadi padavalapai jeevinchaalsi vachindi. tharnton prakaram, dahomi dahomi maroka pratyarthi raashtraaniki vyatiraekamgaa eee vyuuhaanni upayoginchaadu, akkada pratyarthi dalaalanu kaligi unna dveepaanni anusandhaaninchadaaniki 3 vantenalanu nirminchindi. 
dahomeeni vyatirekinche teerapraanta pooraatakaarulu raashtraaniki vyatiraekamgaa european kotalatho pottu pettukunnaru. 18va sataabdamloo nicchenalu mariyu saapparlanu upayoginchadam dwara dutch mariyu portugees kotalanu dahomi swaadheenam chesukogaligadu. chesukogaligadu, dahomi kotaloni dutch kotaku vyatiraekamgaa oka sarassu nicchenalanu upayoginchaarani, daani rakshakulu koota buruju kinda firangulanu kaalpulu jaripinappudu daani rakshakulu daanini koolchivesenduku kaaranamaina daani yokka sapperlu koota buruju kinda oka soramgaanni nirminchaarani tharnton raasaaru. raasaaru vaida vadda 30 mounted tupaakulato portugees kotaku vyatiraekamgaa idhe vidhamaina vyuuhaanni upayoginchaaru, endukante daani burujulu koolipoyi, dahomi padaatidalam kotaloki pravesinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. modata, dahomi dalaalu koota yokka mandugundu samagri mariyu tupaakeeni kaligi unna patrikanu pelchiveyadam dwara vaida vadda oka french kotanu swaadheenam chesukuni naasanam chesaayi. teerapraanta kotalapai daadi cheyadaaniki maroka vyuuham emitante, gaali mantalanu koota vaipu teesukelladaaniki bhoomi gaali samayamlo sameepamloni gramalanu tagalabettadam. eee vyuuhaanni modata modata vaida vadda oka british commander velladinchaadu, athanu samudrapu gaali samayamlo sameepamloni gramalanu tagalabetti, bhuu gaali samayamlo gramalanu tagalabettakunda nirodhinchadaaniki dheenini edurkonnadu. 
18va sataabdamloo oyo valla eduraina muppu phalitamgaa, rashtram oka french adhikari sahayamtho thana sonta kotalanu nirminchindi, vaari nundi vaaru kshetra koota mariyu firangulanu neerchukunnaaru. undedi oka dutch muulam prakaram, dahomi raaju "thana desham mottam chuttoo lothaina guntalu, alaage fida [vaida] vadda swaadheenam chesukunna phirangulatho amarchina godalu mariyu byaatareelanu chesaadu."eee kotalu ekkuvagaa chekkatho nirminchabaddaayani tharnton suuchistumdi. oyo dalamtho gharshana tarvaata daani dalaalu kandakaalaloki upasamharinchukunna oyoku vyatiraekamgaa dahomi kandaka nirmaana vyuuhaanni upayoginchindi. ayinappatikee, upabala raaka taruvaata oyo muttadi valla dahomi munigipoyaadu. 18va sataabdam madhyalo, abome chuttoo vantenalatho cherukogala oka gunta undedi, undedi raaja nivaasam chuttoo 20 adugula ettulo matti ituka goda undedi, prati godapai blockhouselu undevi." 
dahomi abomelo bhoogarbha gadulanu kooda nirminchaadu, ivi sainyaniki sainika sthaavaraalanu andinchadamtho sahaa vividha vidhulanu nirvartinchaayi. eee souterrainlu 17va sataabdam chivarilo nativi. chakraala vahanalu dahomian yuddhamlo amalu cheyabadinatlu namodu cheyabaddaayi. cheyabaddaayi abiyokutaku vyatiraekamgaa jarigina operationlo, sthaanikamgaa tayaaru chesina bandlapai amarchina moodu tupaakulanu dahomi nilabettaru, veetilo charitrakaarudu rabin laa eee aayudhalu yuddhamlo prabhaavavantamaina paatra pooshinchaleedani jodinchaaru. dahomilo tupaakulu mariyu gunpouder utpatti gurinchi konni suuchanalu unnaayi. unnaayi, raaju behanjin oka french missionku tupaakulu raashtramlo tayaaru cheyabadutunnayani teliyajesaadu. teliyajesaadu fransto yuddham madhya, oka french dandayaatra dalam gulikalu, signal raaketlu mariyu vidyut byaatariilu vanti sadhanalu mariyu vanarulanu kanugonnadi, ivi gulikalu tayaaru cheyadaaniki mariyu thupaakeelanu marammatu cheyadaaniki avasaramainavi.
aardhika vyavastha.
rajyam yokka aardhika nirmaanam raajakeeya mariyu matha vyavasthalatho baga mudipadi undhi mariyu ivi kalisi gananeeyamgaa abhivruddhi chendaayi. pradhana currency courie shellu.
desheeya aardhika vyavastha.
desheeya aardhika vyavastha ekkuvagaa sthaanika viniyogam kosam vyavasayam mariyu chetipanulapai drushti pettindi. thaati noone abhivruddhi chendhe varaku, chaalaa takkuva vyavasaya ledhaa chetipanula vastuvulu rajyam velupala vartakam cheyabaddaayi. marketlu raajyamlo keelaka paatra poeshinchaayi mariyu pratiroojuu ververu marketto naalugu rojula bhramana chakram chuttoo nirvahinchabaddaayi (aaa roeju market rakam mataparamgaa manjuru cheyabadindi). vyavasaya pani ekkuvagaa vikendrikarinchabadindi mariyu chaalaa kutumbaalu chesevi. ayithe, rajyam vistaranatoe, vyavasaya thotalu raajyamlo oka saadhaarana vyavasaya paddhatigaa maaradam praarambhinchaayi. hastakalalo ekkuvagaa adhikaarika sangha vyavastha aadhipatyam chelaayinchindi. aneka mandhi sampanna pourulu tama courie sampadanu tama illa praamganaallo unna "akuo" (courie gudiselu) anae bhavanamlo nilva chesaaru. atuvanti courie gudiselu mantalu mariyu dongatanam nundi koureelanu rakshinchadaaniki roopondinchabaddaayi. idhi dahomilo banking yokka oka roopam anie iroco vaadinchaaru, endukante atuvanti "akuo" gruhaala yajamaanulu itarula depositlanu kramam tappakunda storehouselo unchutaaru, veetini vaaru moodava paarteelaku runaala roopamgaa upayoginchaaru. marovaipu, gair mariyu steansen, iroco siddhaantampai sandehaalu kaligi unnaaru.
pannu.
herskovits raajyamlo oka sanklishtamaina pannu vyavasthanu vivaristundi, dheenilo rajuku praatinidhyam vahinchina adhikarulu, vaari pantaku sambandhinchi prati graamam nundi samacharanni sekarinchaaru. appudu raaju utpatti sthaayi mariyu graama janabha aadhaaramgaa pannunu vidhinchaadu. adanamgaa, raaju sonta bhoomi mariyu utpattiki pannu vidhinchabadindi. rajyam gananeeyamaina rahadari nirmaanaanni chepattina taruvaata, prajalu mosukelle vastuvulu mariyu vaari vrutti aadhaaramgaa vaarshika pannulanu vasoolu chese toll boothlu kooda sthaapinchabaddaayi. prajalanu velladaaniki anumatinche mundu adhikarulu konnisaarlu praja visugu kosam jarimaanaalu kooda vidhinchaaru. roddu sunkaalapai pannu adhikaarulaku saayudha gaardulu andinchaaru. 
udaaharanaku, kammarulu, netha kaarmikulu, kalapa kotadaarulato sahaa hastakala kaarmikulapai pannulu vidhinchabaddaayi. kendra prabhutvam gurtinchina adhikaarula adhyakshatalo kaangaaruu kortulanu market ledhaa roadlapy yea pradaesamloonainaa nirvahinchavacchu. atuvanti kortulu kesunu teerpu cheppe mundu nyaayavaadula nundi kontha pannu vidhinchavachhu. 18va sataabdam nundi, vyabhicharam ("koo-sii") rajuche licenses pondindi. robbert norris mariyu archibald dalzel 18va sataabdam chivaralo poura decree dwara nirnayinchina dharaku rashtravyaaptamgaa vaesyalanu pampinhee cheyadaaniki kendra prabhutvam baadhyata vahistundani namodu chesaaru. vaarshika acharala samayamlo vaesyala nundi pannulu pondabadevi.
moulika sadupayalu.
raaja rahadari.
oida naukaasrayam nundi kaanaa dwara abome varaku oka chadunu cheyani rahadari vyavastha abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. dheeni uddesyam kaanaa mariyu abome madhya raaju ravaanaanu meruguparachadam. raaja rahadari 18va sataabdaaniki chendinadi, conny rahadari gurinchi chaalaa praathamika vanarulu aaa taruvaata sataabdaaniki chendinavi. rendu pattanaala dwaaraala madhya, edu maillaku paiga vistarinchi unna rahadari, daani vedalpu 20-30 meterlugaa anchanaa veyabadindi. eee rahadaarini appudappudu kalupu teeyabadi, katlasto subhram chesevaaru. prati rendu ledhaa moodu nelalaku ledhaa aaru vaaraalaku okasari raaja rahadari shubhraparachabadindani praathamika aadharalu vividha khaataalanu andistunnaayi. rahadari ettaina chetlatho kappabadi undhi. atipedda namuunaa bombox chettu jaathi. iruvaipula rahadaariki chuttupakkala unna vyavasaya kshetraalu 19va sataabdam madhyalo chainees thoo pootii padutundani forbes paerkonnaadu." 
adanamgaa, rahadari venta mataparamaina punyakshetraalu varusalo unnaayi mariyu vaatilo 60 abomiki velle maargamlo forbes lekkinchaaru. ravana samayamlo rajuku vishraanti sthalamgaa aatidhyam ivvadaaniki tegbessu (1740-1774) dwara rahadari venta oka rajabhavanam nirminchabadindi. raaja rahadaaripai bhadrata gurinchi samacharam ledhu. 19va sataabdam madhyakaalam nundi vacchina praathamika aadharalu abomiki sameepamlo rahadaariki iruvaipula pedda jatha caronadelanu unchinatlu suuchistunnaayi, ivi kaana vaipu choopinchaayi. vividha kaalibarlatoe kuudina pedda sankhyalo firangulanu kooda rahadari chivaralo kaanaa getla mundu unchaaru. charitrakaarudu alpern, canacu mundu unna firangulu upayoginchadaaniki carriagelu lenanduna oka utsava prayojanaanni andinchi undavacchani suuchistunnaaru.
baanisatvam.
desheeya baanisatvam mariyu atlantic baanisa vaanijyam rendoo dahomi aardhika vyavasthaku mukhyamainavi. yuddhalu mariyu baanisa daadulaloo dahomi swaadheenam chesukunna purushulu, mahilalu mariyu pillalu raifils, gunpouder, vastraalu, courie shellu mariyu madyam vanti vividha vastuvulaku badulugaa european baanisa vyaapaarulaku vikrayinchabaddaaru. daasula vyaparam kosam dahomi maantrika aacharalanu upayoginchaadu. europeanlaku vikrayinchabadataaniki mundu, baanisalu tama samskruti, kutumbam mariyu matrubhumi ghnaapakaalanu kolpotaru kabatti "marchipovadam chettu" chuttoo vruttaakaaramlo march cheyavalasi vachindi. eee aacharam yokka uddesyam maraninchina baanisala aatmalu tirigi rakapovadam mariyu dahomi yokka raajakutumbaaniki vyatiraekamgaa prateekaaram teerchukovadam.
europeanlaku vikrayinchakuudadanukunna itara yuddha khaideelu banisaluga dahomelone undipoyaaru. akkada, vaaru sainyam mariyu rajasabhaku aaharaanni sarafara chese raaja thotalapai panicheesaaru. watson mariyu shellinger vanti kontamandi charitrakaarulu 19va sataabdamloo baanisa vyaparam nundi thotala aardhika vyavasthaku maaradam valla dahomilo baanisala saamaajika avagahana marinta digajaarindani vaadinchaaru. antakumundu baanisalanu vaari yajamani kutumbamlo sabhyuluga pariganinchabadi, okati ledhaa rendu taraala tarvaata vaaru swechchagaa undagalarani vaaru kaaranaalanu udaharinchaaru. raashtramlo thaati noone teevrata peragadamtho, baanisalanu durviniyogam cheyadam, anaarogyamtho vyavaharinchadam sarvasaadhaaranam ayyindi. eee samasyanu parishkarinchadaaniki, abomeloni nyaayasthaanamlo baanisala hatyaku sambandhinchina kesula vichaarananu raaju ghejo prakatinchaaru.
baanisalanu upayoginchi maanava bully icchina charitra undhi.
matam.
dahomi rajyam chuttupakkala prajalatho aneka mataparamaina aacharalanu panchukundi; ayithe, idhi raajyaaniki pratyaekamaina vedukalu, nammakalu mariyu mataparamaina kathalanu kooda abhivruddhi chesindi. veetilo raaja puurveekula aaradhana mariyu rajyam yokka nirdishta vodun paddhatulu unnaayi.
raaja puurveekula aaradhana.
prarambha raajulu raaja puurveekula spashtamaina aaraadhananu sthaapinchaaru mariyu vaari vedukalanu dahomi vaarshika acharalalo kendrikarincharu. raajula aatmalu mrutula bhoomilo unnata sthaanaanni kaligi undevi mariyu bhoomipai aneka kaaryakalaapaalaku vaari anumati pondadam avasaram. puurveekula aaradhana dahomi raajyaaniki mundhe undedi; ayithe, raaju agaja aadhvaryamlo, modata raaju puurveekulanu jarupukovadam, aapai kutumba vamsaanni jarupukovadam meeda kendrikrutamai oka aacharam srushtinchabadindi.
dahomi (ledhaa phonelo) vaarshika acharalalo bahula vistrutamaina bhagalu unnaayi mariyu 19va sataabdamloo konni amsaalu jodinchabadi undavacchu. saadhaaranamgaa, eee vedukalo bahumatulu, maanava tyaagam, sainika kavaatulu mariyu raajakeeya mandalula pampinhee untundi. daani pradhana mataparamaina amsam raaja vamsaaniki chendina puurveekulaku krutagnatalu teliyajeyadam mariyu aamodam pondadam. ayithe, eee aacharamlo sainika kavaatulu, bahiranga charchalu, bahumati ivvadam (rajuku mariyu raaju nundi dabbu pampinhee), maanava bully mariyu raktam chindinchadam kooda unnaayi.
maanava bully aacharanalo mukhyamaina bhaagam. vaarshika aacharam prakaram, 500 mandhi khaideelanu bully ivvabadutundi. adanamgaa, oka palakudu maraninchinappudu, vandalaadi, vaelaadi mandhi khaideelanu bully istaaru. istaaru, oka aangla vyapari vodun vedukalo 400 mandhi dahomi oochakotaku taanu saakshyamani aaropinchaadu. eee sankhya kooda tarachugaa 4,000 gaa nivedinchabadindi. maanava bully tarachugaa atisayokti cheyabadindi, ayithe, samakaaleena nirmuulana vyatiraeka paaschaatya rachayitalu, daasyapu nirantara avasaranni samarthinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru, idhi aafrikanlanu daahomeelo adhvaannamaina vidhi nundi "rakshinchadaaniki" oka maargamgaa undhi.
dahomi cosmology.
dahomiki paschima african vodun yokka pratyaekamaina roopam undhi, idhi mundugaa unna jeevavaada sampradaayaalanu vodun paddhathulatho anusandhaaninchindi. agaja bhaarya, tegbesso talli ayina hwanzile, vodunnu raajyaaniki teesukuvacchi, daani vyaaptini nirdhaarinchindani moukhika charitra vivarinchindi. pradhana devata maavu-lisa (maavu stree lakshanaalanu kaligi undhi mariyu lisa purusha lakshanaalanu kaligi undhi) mariyu eee devudu vaari talli naana-buluku srushtinchina prapanchaanni swaadheenam chesukunnadani cheppabadindi. mavulisa aakaasaanni paripaalistundi mariyu devatala yokka atyunnata devata, conny itara devatalu bhoomilo mariyu urumulato unnaaru. mataparamaina aacharam prati ververu devatalaku mariyu prati ververu devatalaku (aakaasam, bhoomi ledhaa urumu) ververu archaka sanghaalu mariyu punhyaksheetraalanu nirvahinchindi. mahilalu poojaari taragatilo gananeeyamaina mottamlo undevaaru mariyu pradhana poojaari ellappuduu dakodonoyu yokka varasudu.
kalalu.
dahomiloni kalalu aafrikaaloni itara kalaatmaka sampradaayaala nundi pratyekamainavi mariyu vibhinnamainavi. eee kalalaku raaju mariyu athani kutumbam gananeeyamgaa maddatu icchaaru, matha-rahita sampradaayaalu kaligi unnaaru, aneka vibhina padaarthaalanu sameekarinchaaru mariyu eee praantamlooni itara prajala nundi vistrutamgaa aruvu teesukunnaru. saadhaarana kalarupalalo kalapa mariyu dantaala chekkadam, lohapu pani (vendi, inumu mariyu ittadi, applic vastram mariyu bankamatti bays-releaflatho sahaa) unnaayi.
kalalaku maddatu ivvadamlo raaju keelakam mariyu vaarilo chaalaa mandhi kalaakaarulaku gananeeyamaina mottaalanu andinchaaru, phalitamgaa eee praantaaniki, raajyamlo oka matha-rahita kalaatmaka sampradaayam yokka pratyaekamaina abhivruddhi jarigindi. kalaakaarulu oka nirdishta taragatiki chendinavaaru kaadu, conny rajakutumbam mariyu saamaanyulu iddaroo mukhyamaina kalaatmaka rachanalu chesaaru. raajulu tarachugaa pedda zoomorphic roopaallo chitreekarinchabaddaaru, prati raaju bahula praatinidhyaalalo oka nirdishta jantuvunu pooli untaaru.
suzanne blyer dahomilo kala yokka rendu pratyaekamaina amsaalanu gurtistundihi 1. vividha bhagala kuurpu mariyu 2. itara raashtraala nundi runam teesukovadam. oke kalalo bahula bhagala (tarachugaa vividha padaarthaala) kalayikatho kuudina kala yokka kuurpu, anni roopaallo saadhaaranam mariyu vividha raajulu nirdishta sailula kante tudi utpattulanu prothsahinchina phalitamgaa undhi. eee kalayika rendava lakshanam yokka phalitam kaavacchu, indulo itara samskrutulu mariyu raashtraala nundi sailulu mariyu paddhatula vistruta runaalu unnaayi. dustulu, vastraalu, vaastusilpam mariyu itara kalaaruupaalu eee praantam chuttoo unna itara kalaatmaka praatinidhyaanni pooli untaayi.
kalaakrutiloo ekkuva bhaagam royalty chuttoo tirugutuu undedi. abome raajapraasaadaaloni prati rajabhavanamlo raaju saadhinchina vijayala rikaardunu andinche vistrutamaina bays-releaflu (phonelo "noundidae") unnaayi. prati rajuku rajabhavana samudaayamlo thana sonta rajabhavanam undedi mariyu vaari vyaktigata rajabhavanam bayati godala lopala aaa rajuku pratyaekamaina matti shilpaala shreni undedi. ivi kevalam rajakutumbam mariyu adhipatula kosam matrame roopondinchabadaledu, devalayalu mariyu itara mukhyamaina bhavanalu ilanti upasamanaalanu kaligi unnaayi. eee upasamanaalu tarachugaa daahomeeki uttaraana oyo ledhaa mahi tegalaku vyatiraekamgaa sainika yuddhaalalo dahomi rajulanu pradarsistaayi, vaari pratyarthulanu vividha pratikuula chitranalalo chitreekarinchaaru (oyo raaju okadaanilo oka baboon mokkajonnanu tinevadila chithreekarinchabadindi). chaaritraka itivruttaalu praatinidhyamlo aadhipatyam chelayinchayi mariyu paatralu praathamikamgaa okadaanikokati paina ledhaa daggaragaa sameekarinchabadi samishti prabhavanni srushtinchaayi. shilpaalalo raaja chithranalatho paatu, raaja sabhyulu "bosio" anie piluvabade shakti shilpaalalo chitreekarinchabaddaaru, indulo mishrama padaarthaalu (loham, kalapa, puusalu, vastram, bochu, eekalu mariyu emukalatho sahaa) oka sthiramaina bommanu yerparuchukune punaadipai cherchabaddaayi. saktivantamaina saktulanu unlock cheyadaaniki vividha saktulanu kalisi chaerchadaaniki bosio mataparamgaa roopondinchabaddaayi. adanamgaa, dahomi yokka vastra anuvartanam tarachugaa raajavamsamnu idhe vidhamaina zoomorphic praatinidhyamlo chithreekarinchindi mariyu upasamanaala maadirigaane vishayalanu vyavaharinchindi, tarachugaa yuddha samayamlo raajulu naayakatvam vahistaaru.
daahomeeki jantuvulu ledhaa prajala chinna ittadi bommalanu veyadam anae vilakshanhamaina sampradaayam undhi, veetini aabharanalugaa dharinchevaaru ledhaa saapekshamgaa sampannula illalo pradarsinchevaaru. paryataka vaanijyam kosam tayaaru cheyabadutunna eee bommalu, saampradaaya african kalalo etuvanti mataparamaina amsam lekunda, puurtigaa alankaramga, alaage kontha sampadanu soochinchadamlo saapekshamgaa asaadhaaranamainavi. idhi kooda asaadhaaranamainadi, chaalaa twaragaa mariyu spashtamgaa niroopinchabadinanduna, germanyloni ulmlo chekkina chekka tray (iteevali udaaharanalaku bhinnamgaa ledhu), idhi 1659 kii mundu airopaku teesukuraabadindi, idhi mudrinchina ketalaglo vivarinchabadindi.
17va sataabdam chivaralo aadhunika benin praantamloki pravesapettina taruvaata chakraala carriagelanu dahomilo upayoginchaaru. konni carriagelu desheeyamgaa tayaaru cheyabaddaayi, chaalaa varaku european mitraraajyaala nundi bahumatulugaa pondabaddaayi. eee carriagelanu tarachugaa aachaaraparamaina prayojanaala kosam upayoginchevaaru mariyu raashtramlo takkuva sankhyalo gurralu unnanduna ekkuvagaa purushulu geesevaru. dahomilo carriagelu vividha parimaanaalu mariyu aakaralalo vachayi. konni noukalu, enugulu mariyu gurraala maadirigaa roopondinchabaddaayi. aaru nundi edu mailla podavu unna abome mariyu kaanaa pattanaaniki madhya unna rahadaarini raaja vaahanaala soulabhyam kosam kramam tappakunda kalupugolugaa unchaarani burton paerkonnaadu.
prajaadarana pondina samskrutilo.
dahomi rajyam aneka vibhina kalpita rachanalalo ledhaa srujanaatmaka kaalpanika rachanalalo chithreekarinchabadindi.
veediyo games.
konni chaaritraka yuddha vyuuhaatmaka veediyo gamelalo dahomi chithreekarinchabadindi. 

