samanvaya polymer

samanvaya polymer anedi ligandla dwara anusandhaaninchabadina loha katayan kendraalanu kaligi unna akarbana ledhaa organometallic polymer nirmaanam. marinta adhikarikamga coordination polymer anedi 1,2 ledhaa 3 kolatalalo vistarinchina punaraavruta samanvaya entiteelatoo kuudina samanvaya sammelanam.
dheenini palimarga kooda varninchavachhu, dheeni punaraavruta unitlu samanvaya samudaayaalu. samanvaya polymerlu upavarga samanvaya netvarklanu kaligi untaayi, ivi samanvaya sammelanaalu, 1 parimaanamlo, punaraavruta samanvaya entiteela dwara, conny rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva vyaktigata golusulu, looplu ledhaa spiro-linkla madhya cross-linklatho ledhaa 2 ledhaa 3 parimaanaalalo punaraavruta samanvaya entiteela dwara vistarinche samanvaya sammelanam. veetilo oka upavargam loha-sendriya chatraalu ledhaa moffs, ivi sambhaavya shoonyathalanu kaligi unna sendriya ligandlatho samanvaya netvarklu.
samanvaya polymerlu aneka rangaalaku sambandhinchinavi, aneka sambhaavya anuvartanaalanu kaligi untaayi. 
samanvaya paalimarlanu vaati nirmaanam mariyu kuurpu prakaram aneka vidhaluga vargeekarinchavachhu. oka mukhyamaina vargeekarananu dimensionality anie pilustaaru. oka nirmaanam okati, rendu ledhaa trimiteeyamgaa nirnayinchabadutundi, idhi shrenilo vistarinchina pradaesamloe disala sankhyanu batti untundi. oka dimensional structure sarala rekhalo (x aksham venta) vistarinchi untundi; oka dvi-dimensional structure oka plain (rendu disalu, x mariyu y akshalu) loe vistarinchi untundi; mariyu trimiteeya structure moodu disalalo (x, y, mariyu z akshalu) vistarinchi untundi. idhi chitram chitram varninchabadindi.
charitra.
alfred verner mariyu athani samakaaleenula krushi samanvaya polymerla adhyayanaaniki punaadi vesindi. aneka samaya-gourava padaarthaalu ippudu samanvaya palimarluga gurtinchabaddaayi. veetilo sinide complexes prashyan blue mariyu hafman clathrates unnaayi.
samslaeshanha mariyu pracharam.
samanvaya paalimarlanu tarachugaa sweeya-assembly dwara tayaaru chestaaru, indulo ligandto lohapu uppunu sphatikeekarana chestaaru. christal injaneering mariyu molecular selph-assembly yokka yantraamgaalu sambandhitamainavi. 
antar paramaanu saktulu mariyu bandham.
loha-ligand sanklishtatalanu nirnayinche saktulalo vaan derr walls saktulu, paie-paie paraspara charyalu, hydrogen bandham mariyu loha mariyu ligand madhya erpadina samanvaya bandhamtho paatu dhruveekruta bandhaala dwara paie bandhaala sthireekarana unnaayi. eee antar paramaanu saktulu samayojaneeya bandhaalatho poliste sudeergha samathoulya dhooram (bandham podavu) thoo balaheenamgaa untaayi. udaaharanaku, benzin valayala madhya paie-paie paraspara charyalu, sumaruga 5-10 kj/mol saktini kaligi untaayi mariyu valayala samaantara mukhaala madhya vaanchaneeya antaram 3.4-3.8 άngstroms kaligi untaayi.
samanvayam.
samanvaya polymer yokka sphatika nirmaanam mariyu parimaanam linker yokka kaaryaacharana mariyu loha kendram yokka samanvaya jyaamiti dwara nirnayinchabadutundi. dimensionality saadhaaranamgaa metal center dwara nadapabadutundi, idhi linkerlapy 16 functional saitlaku bandhinchagala saamarthyaanni kaligi untundi; ayithe idhi ellappuduu alaa undadu, endukante linker linkerla kante ekkuva metal centerlaku bandhinchinappudu dimensionalityni linker dwara nadapavacchu. samanvaya polymer yokka atyadhika samanvaya sankhya 14, ayithe samanvaya sankhyalu chaalaa tarachugaa 2 mariyu 10 madhya untaayi. vividha samanvaya sankhyalaku udaaharanalu chitram 2 looni samathooka jyaamitiloo chuupabaddaayi. chitram 1 loe 1d nirmaanam 2-samanvayamtho, samathookam 4-samanvayamtho, mariyu 3d 6-samanvayamtho untundi.
loha kendraalu.
tarachugaa nodes ledhaa hubbs anie piluvabade loha kendraalu, baga nirvachinchabadina koonaalaloo nirdishta sankhyalo linkarlatho bandham kaligi untaayi. oka nodku kattubadi unna linkerla sankhyanu samanvaya sankhya anie pilustaaru, idhi avi pattukunna konalato paatu, nirmaanam yokka dimentialityni nirnayistundi. loha kendram yokka samanvaya sankhya mariyu samanvaya jyaamiti daani chuttoo electron saandrata yokka ekareeti pampinhee dwara nirnayinchabadutundi, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa samanvaya sankhya katayan parimaanamtho perugutundi. aneka namuunaalu, mukhyamgaa hybridisation modal mariyu molecular arbital theory, samanvaya jyaamitini anchanaa vaeyadaaniki mariyu vivarinchadaaniki shroadinger sameekaranaanni upayogistaayi, ayithe electron saandrata pampineepai paryaavaranam yokka sanklishta prabhavam kaaranamgaa idhi kontavaraku kashtam.
parivartana lohaalu.
parivartana lohaalu saadhaaranamgaa nodesga upayoginchabadataayi. paakshikamgaa nindina d kaksyalu, anuvu ledhaa ayanlo, paryaavaranaanni batti bhinnamgaa sankareekarinchagalavu. eee electronic nirmaanam vaatilo konni bahula samanvaya jyaamitulanu pradarsinchadaaniki kaaranamavutundi, mukhyamgaa raagi mariyu bangaaru ayanlu, ivi tatastha anuvulugaa vaati bayati gundlalo puurti dii-kaksyalanu kaligi untaayi.
lanthanides.
lanthanidelu 7 nundi 14 varaku maarutuu unde samanvaya sankhyalatho kuudina pedda anuvulu. vaati samanvaya vaataavaranaanni anchanaa veyadam kashtam, tadwara vaatini nodesga upayoginchadam savaluga untundi. avi prakaasinchae bhaagaalanu kalipe avakaasaanni andistaayi.
kshaara lohaalu mariyu kshaara bhoomi lohaalu.
kshaara lohaalu mariyu kshaara bhoomi lohaalu sthiramaina katayansga unnaayi. kshaara lohaalu takshaname sthiramaina valence shellatho katayan lanu yerparustaayi, ivi lanthanides mariyu parivartana lohala kante bhinnamaina samanvaya pravartananu istayi. samshlaeshanhaloo upayoginche uppu nundi vachhe pratighatana dwara avi balamgaa prabhaavitamavutaayi, dheenini nivaarinchadam kashtam. chitram chitram chuupina samanvaya polymerlu annee rendu samuuha lohaalu. eee sandarbhamlo, loha vyaasaartham samuuham krindiki (calcium nundi strontium varaku barium varaku) perige koddi eee nirmaanaala parimaanam perugutundi.
ligands.
chaalaa samanvaya polymerlalo, ligand (anuvu ledhaa anuvula samuuham) adhikarikamga oka loha katayan kuu ontari jatha electronlanu daanam chestundi mariyu levis aamlam/kshaara sambandham (levis aamlalu mariyu ksharalu) dwara samanvaya samudaayaanni yerparustundi. oka ligand bahula samanvaya bandhaalanu yerparuchukune saamarthyam kaligi unnappudu mariyu bahula loha kendraala madhya vantenagaa panichesinappudu samanvaya polymerlu erpadataayi. oka samanvaya bandhaanni yerparuchukune ligaandlanu monodentate anie pilustaaru, ayithe samanvaya paalimarlaku daariteese bahula samanvaya bandhaalanu yerparuchukune vaatini polydentate antaaru. polydentate ligandlu mukhyamgaa mukhyamainavi endukante bahula loha kendraalanu kalipe ligandla dwara anantamaina shreni erpadutundi. polydentate ligandlu kooda oke lohaniki bahula bandhaalanu yerparustaayi (dheenini chelation antaaru). monodentate ligandlanu terminal anie kooda pilustaaru endukante avi network konasaagadaaniki sthalaanni andinchavu. tarachugaa, samanvaya polymerlu paalii-mariyu monodentate, vantena, chelating mariyu terminal ligandla kalayikanu kaligi untaayi.
rasayana kuurpu.
ontari jatha electronlatho daadaapu yea rakamaina anuvunu ayina ligandlo cherchavacchu. samanvaya polymerlalo saadhaaranamgaa kanipinche ligandlalo polypyridines, phenanthrolins, hydroxiquinolines mariyu polycarboxylates unnaayi. oxygen mariyu natrajani anuvulu saadhaaranamgaa bandhinche pradaesaalugaa kanipistaayi, ayithe sulfur mariyu bhaswaram vanti itara anuvulu gamaninchabaddaayi.
ligandlu mariyu loha catayans haard saft assid bays theory (hcsab) pokadalanu anusaristaayi. dheeni ardham pedda, marinta dhruvana mruduvaina lohaalu pedda dhruvana mruduvaina ligandlatho marinta sulabhamgaa samanvayam chestaayi, mariyu chinna, dhruvana rahita, kathina lohaalu chinna, dhruvana rahita, kathinamaina ligandlatho samanvayam chestaayi.
nirmaanaatmaka dhorani.
ligandlu anuvainavi ledhaa drudamainavi kaavacchu. drudamaina ligand antey bandhaala chuttoo tiragadaaniki ledhaa oka nirmaanam lopala tirigi nirdesinchadaaniki swechcha laenidi. anuvaina ligandlu vangi, bandhaala chuttoo tirugutaayi mariyu tamanu taamu tirigi nirdesinchukuntaayi. eee vibhina aakrutulu nirmaanamloo marinta vaividhyaanni srushtistaayi. samanvaya paalimarlaku udaaharanalu unnaayi, veetilo oke nirmaanam lopala oke ligand yokka rendu aakruteekaranalu untaayi, alaage rendu ververu nirmaanaalu unnaayi, vaati madhya unna thedaa ligand dhorani matrame.
ligand podavu.
polymeric kaani (mono-ledhaa oligomeric) nirmaanaalaku vyatiraekamgaa polymeric nirmaanam erpade avakaasaanni nirnayinchadamlo ligand yokka podavu oka mukhyamaina amsam.
itara karakalu.
vyatiraekata.
loha mariyu ligand empikatho paatu, samanvaya polymer yokka nirmaanaanni prabhaavitam chese aneka itara amsaalu unnaayi. udaaharanaku, chaalaa loha kendraalu sanukoolamgaa charge cheyabadina ayanlu, ivi lavanaalugaa untaayi. uppulo unde pratighatana mottam nirmaanaanni prabhaavitam chestundi. udaaharanaku, udaaharanaku, eah. zii. bii. eff. 4, eah. zii. sii. ell. oo. 4, eah. zii. pii. eff. 6, eah. zii. ess. eff. 6 mariyu eah. zii. ess. bii. eff. 6 vanti vendi lavanaalu annee oke ligandto sphatikeekarinchabadataayi, loha samanvaya vaataavaranam paramgaa nirmaanaalu maarutuu untaayi, alaage mottam samanvaya polymer yokka parimaanam.
sphatikeekarana vaataavaranam.
adanamgaa, sphatikeekarana vaataavaranamloo vaividhyaalu kooda nirmaanaanni marchagalavu. marchagalavu maarpulu, kaantiki gurikavadam ledhaa ushnogratalo maarpulu annee phalitamgaa erpade nirmaanaanni marchagalavu. sphatikeekarana vaataavaranamloo maarpula aadhaaramgaa nirmaanampai prabhavalu prati kesu aadhaaramgaa nirnayinchabadataayi.
athidhi anuvulu.
samanvaya polymerla nirmaanam tarachugaa randhraalu ledhaa chaanalla roopamlo khaalii sthalaanni kaligi untundi. eee khaalii sthalam ushnagatikaparamgaa ananukuulamainadi. nirmaanaanni sthireekarinchadaaniki mariyu koolipokunda nirodhinchadaaniki, randhraalu ledhaa kaaluvalu tarachugaa athidhi anuvulatho aakraminchabadataayi. athidhi anuvulu chuttupakkala jaalakamtho bandhaalanu yerparachavu, conny konnisaarlu hydrogen bandham ledhaa paie stocking vanti antar paramaanu saktula dwara sankarshana chendutaayi. chaalaa tarachugaa, athidhi anuvu samanvaya polymer sphatikeekarinchabadina draavakam avutundi, conny nijamgaa edainaa kaavacchu (itara lavanaalu, oxygen, natrajani, carbon dioxide modalaina vaataavarana vaayuvulu).) athidhi anuvu undatam konnisaarlu randhram ledhaa chaanelku maddatu ivvadam dwara nirmaanaanni prabhaavitam chestundi, lekapothe edhee undadu.
applications.
samanvaya polymerlu rangulugaa vaanijyeekarinchabadataayi. mukhyamgaa upayogakaramainavi aminophenol yokka utpannaalu. raagi ledhaa chromiumnu upayoginche loha sanklishta rangulanu saadhaaranamgaa nistejamaina rangulanu utpatti cheyadaaniki upayogistaaru. thridentate ligand rangulu upayogapadataayi endukante avi vaati dvi-ledhaa mono-dentate pratiruupaala kante marinta sthiramgaa untaayi.
prarambha vaanijyeekarinchabadina samanvaya polymerlalo okati hafman sammelanaalu, ivi nii (cn) (cn) 4nii 2 suutraanni kaligi untaayi. eee padaarthaalu chinna sugandha athidhulatho (benzin, konni jaileenlu) sphatikeekarinchabadataayi mariyu eee hydrocarbonlanu vaeru cheyadaaniki eee empikanu vaanijyaparamgaa upayoginchaaru.
parisoedhana pokadalu.
paramaanu nilva.
inca aacharanatmakamgaa laenappatikee, randhraala samanvaya polymerlu randhraala carbon mariyu geolytelaku samaantaramgaa paramaanu jalledalugaa saamarthyaanni kaligi untaayi. randhram yokka parimaanam mariyu aakaralanu linker parimaanam mariyu anusandhaaninche ligandla podavu mariyu kriyaatmaka samuuhaala dwara niyantrinchavacchu. samarthavanthamaina adhishoshananu saadhinchadaaniki randhraala parimaanaanni savarinchadaaniki, asthira atithulu randhraala parimaanaanni tagginchadaaniki randhraala samanvaya polymer sthalamlo parasparam kaluputaaru. kriyaaseela uparitala atithulanu kooda adhishoshanaku dohadam cheyadaaniki upayoginchavacchu. udaaharanaku, pedda randhraala mof-17,711.8 Â vyaasamlo, h2 adhishoshanam kosam uparitala vaisaalyaanni penchadaaniki c60 anuvulu (6.83 Â vyaasamlo) ledhaa adhika samyoga vyavasthatho polymerla dwara doplu cheyavachu.
anuvaina randhraala samanvaya polymerlu paramaanu nilvaku aakarshanheeyamgaa untaayi, endukante vaati randhraala parimaanaalanu bhouthika maarpula dwara maarchavacchu. dheeniki oka udaaharana gyaas anuvulanu daani saadhaarana sthithilo kaligi unna polymerlo chudavachu, conny kudimpu chesina tarvaata polymer koolipoyi nilva chesina anuvulanu vidudala chestundi. polymer yokka nirmaanaanni batti, randhraalanu koolchiveyadam tirigi pondagalige vidhamgaa nirmaanam anuvainadigaa unde avakaasam undhi mariyu vayuvu anuvulanu mallee teesukoovadaaniki paalimarnu tirigi upayoginchavacchu. loha-sendriya framework pageelo pageelo gyaas nilvatho vyavaharinchae vivaranaatmaka vibhagam undhi.
prakaasavantamaina.
prakaasinchae samanvaya polymerlu saadhaaranamgaa sendriya chromopheric ligandlanu kaligi untaayi, ivi kaantini grahinchi, aapai utteja saktini loha ayanku pamputaayi. samanvaya polymerlu vaati udgaara lakshanaalu athidhi maarpiditoe jatacheyabadatam valla atyanta bahumukha prakaasinchae jaatulu. prakaasinchae suupar molecular nirmaanaalu optoelectronic parikaraalalo ledhaa fluorescent sensorlu mariyu problalo vaati sambhaavya anuvartanaala kaaranamgaa iteevala chaalaa aasaktini aakarshinchayi. samanvaya polymerlu tarachugaa puurtigaa sendriya jaatula kante marinta sthiramgaa (thermo-mariyu draavakam-nirodhakata) untaayi.
lohapu linker lekunda fluoreses ayye ligandla kosam (lmct kaaranamgaa kaadu), eee padaarthaala yokka teevramaina prakaasa prakaasavantamaina udgaaram free ligand kante ekkuva parimaanamlo untundi. kaanti vidudala chese diode (elidi) parikaraala kosam sambhaavya abhyardhula roopakalpana kosam eee padaarthaalanu upayoginchavacchu. loha kendraaniki samanvayam chesinappudu ligand yokka drudhatvam mariyu asamaanatala perugudala valla fluorescence loe naatakeeya perugudala sambhavistundi.
vidyut vaahakata.
samanvaya polymerlu vaati nirmaanaalalo chinna akarbana mariyu samyojita sendriya vantenalanu kaligi undavacchu, ivi vidyut prasaranaku maargaalanu andistaayi. ituvanti samanvaya paalimarlaku udaaharana vaahaka loha sendriya chatraalu. chitramlo chuupina vidhamgaa nirminchina konni yeka-dimensional coordination polymerlu 1x10−6 nundi 2x10−1s/cm paridhiloo vaahakatanu pradarsistaayi. loha dii-kakshya mariyu vantena ligand yokka paie * sthaayi madhya paraspara charya kaaranamgaa vaahakata untundi. konni sandarbhaallo samanvaya polymerlu semiconductor pravartananu kaligi undavacchu. vendi kaligina polymerla sheetlatho kuudina trimiteeya nirmaanaalu loha kendraalu samalekhanam cheyabadinappudu pakshika-vaahakatanu pradarsistaayi mariyu vendi anuvulu samaantaramgaa nundi lambamgaa vellinappudu prasarana taggutundi.
ayaskaantatvam.
samanvaya polymerlu aneka rakaala ayaskaantatvaanni pradarsistaayi. antiferromagnetz, ferri ayaskaantatvam mariyu ferromagnetism anevi paramagnetic kendraala spinla madhya kalapadam valla utpannamayye ghanapadaartham lopala ayaskanta spinla sahakaara drugvishayaalu. samarthavanthamaina ayaskaantaanni anumatinchadaaniki, loha ayaanlanu chinna loha-loha sambandhaalanu (oxo, syano mariyu azido vantenalu vantivi) anumatinche chinna ligandlatho vantena cheyali.
sensor saamarthyam.
samanvaya polymerlu nirmaanamloo vileenam cheyabadina draavakam anuvula maarpupai rangu maarpulanu kooda chuupagalavu. dheeniki oka udaaharana cobalt anuvulatho samanvayam chese neeti ligaandlanu kaligi unna unna (cn) 6] 4-cluster yokka rendu coordination polymerlu. eee asalu narinja draavanam neeti sthaanamlo tetrahydrophuran thoo oodaa ledhaa aakupaccha ranguloki maarutundi, mariyu diethyl eethar jodinchinappudu neelam ranguloki maarutundi. polymer aaa vidhamgaa draavakam sensorga panichestundi, idhi konni draavakaala samakshamlo bhouthikamgaa rangunu maarustundi. rangu maarpulu cobalt anuvulapai neeti ligandlanu sthaanabhramsham chese incoming draavakam valla sambhavistaayi, phalitamgaa vaati jyaamiti octahedral nundi tetrahedralga maarutundi.

