
stark aarr. hataway

stark aarr. hathway (aagashtu 22,1903-juulai 4,1984) oka american manastatvavetta, athanu minnesota multifassic personality inventory (mmpi) anie piluvabade manasika anchanaanu saha rachayitagaa rachinchaadu. ayana minnesota vishwavidhyaalayamlo manastatvasastra vibhaagamlo deerghakaala adhyapaka sabhyudiga unnaaru.
prarambha jeevitam.
hathway 1903 augustu 22naa michigaanlooni central lakelo janminchaaru, 7 samvatsaraala vayassulo consascu vellaaru mariyu ohiyoloni marysville perigaaru. chinnatanamlo, stark yaantrika, vidyut, rasayana mariyu parimaanaatmaka prakriyalapai goppa aasakti choopinchaadu. ataniki 8 samvatsaraala vayassu vachesariki, kutumba inti velupala thana sonta varkshaapnu nirminchadaaniki hathway anumatinchabaddaadu.
vidya.
thana vidyut aasaktulu mariyu drivenu anusarinchi, 1920la praarambhamlo ohiyo vishwavidhyaalayamlo injaneering paatasaalalo pravesinchaaru. ayithe, thana pratibhaku avasaramaina avakaasaalu mariyu avutletlu lekapovadamtho athanu niraasa chendaadu, mariyu tananu savaalu cheyadam ledani bhaavinchaadu. anduvalla, hathway marinta savaluga unde vishayalanu vetakadam praarambhinchaadu. athanu ventane manastatvasaastram vaipu aakarshitudayyaadu mariyu mejarlanu marchadu, ayinappatikee athani vidhanam asthiramgaa ledhu mariyu yaantrika mariyu parimaanaatmaka paddhatulapai drushti pettindi. 1927 natiki, athanu ohiyo vishwavidyaalayam nundi manastatvasaastramlo bachelor degreetho, ganitamlo mainartho pattabhadrudayyaadu mariyu thana vidyanu konasaaginchadaaniki akkade unnadu. athanu james pii. krinda chaduvukunnadu. oka graduate vidyaarthigaa porter, manastatvavettagaa thana abhivruddhilo mukhyamaina prabhaavamgaa athanu bhaavinchaadu. oka samvatsaram taruvaata, 1928loe, ayana manastatvasaastramlo masters degreeni pondaaru.
graduation taruvaata, hathaway pitsburgloni carnegie mellan vishwavidhyaalayamlo harry jaansantho kalisi injaneeringlo parisoedhanaa sahayakudiga panicheesaaru. ikkada, athanu oka automatic cameranu abhivruddhi chesaadu, idhi parisoedhakulu nidristunnappudu palgonevari kadalikalanu record cheyadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi. 1977loe manastatvasastra anuvartanaalaku apaa vishishta shaastreeya avaardunu pradaanam cheyadamlo american psychological associationlu gurtinchina rachanalalo eee aavishkarana okati.
1932loe, richard emm. maargadarsakatvamlo minnesota vishwavidyaalayam nundi manastatvasaastramlo pihechdi chestunnappudu, hathaway lecturerga padavini chepattadu. elliot. akkada unna samayamlo, carle lashley, bii. vanti manasika vishayalu mariyu vidhaanaala gurinchi charchalanu prerepinchadam dwara athanu atyuttama manastatvavettalache kooda prabhaavitamayyaadu. eff. skinner, edna hyde breeder mariyu donald zii. peterson. athanu sareeradharma saastramlo ekagratato manastatvasaastramlo thana PhDnii pondaadu, mariyu athani vyaasaaniki "saadhaarana praticharya samayamlo naadii kandara sambandhaala yokka charya sambhaavya adhyayanam" anae sheershika pettaru.
vidya vrutti.
hathaway shareera nirmaana shaastra vibhaagamlo ummadi niyaamakamtho, umn aasupatrilo manastatvasaastramlo associate professorga unnaaru. eee niyamaka samayamlo ayana pradhana baadhyata, um medical schoolloni saikiyatri vibhaagamlo clinical psychology vibhaganni sthaapinchadam. manastatvavettalu mariyu manoroga vaidyula ekakaala sikshanalo swalpa sangharshana undedi, endukante hathway yokka vidhanam anubhavika suutraala aadhaaramgaa manasika aarogyaaniki kathinamaina parimaanaanni kaligi undhi. manasika lakshanaalanu bhouthika padaartham kooda adhe vidhamgaa roopondinchi, prabhaavitam cheyavachani ayana viswasinchaadu. inca, jeeva prakriyalu manasika drugvishayaaniki aadhaaramani, vaari avagahanaku shareera nirmaana mariyu saareeraka vidya avasaramani haathe gattiga vaadinchaaru. eee prarambha samvatsaraallo ayana modatlo saadhinchina vaatilo injaneering mariyu yaantrikamgaa kendrikrutamai undatam valla, ayana chinnanati aasaktulu ayana pramukha vruttini abhivruddhi cheyadamlo konasagayi. aasupatrilo nirvahinchina parisoedhana kosam neuromuscular saamardhyaalanu kolavadaniki aadarsavantamaina manasika sadupaayaanni roopondinchina ghanata mariyu vistarana parikaraalanu nirminchina ghanata, psychogalvanometer.
itara bhashalu mariyu antarjaateeya sahakaram patla hathway aasakti kaligi unnadu. aayanaku french mariyu german bhaashalalo pani parignaanam undedi, spaanishlo suluvu. athanu meksikoku thana vaarshika paryatanala samayamlo jaateeya swayampratipatti vishwavidhyaalayamlo tarachugaa spanish bhaashalo upanyaasaalu icchaadu ledhaa charchalaku naayakatvam vahinchaadu. athanu tananu taanu emm. emm. pii. ii. kii prothsahakuraliga bhavinchanappatiki, varkshaaplu nirvahinchadaaniki ledhaa upanyaasaalu nirvahinchadaaniki aahvanaalanu angeekarinchanappatiki, itara samskrutulaku eee vaayidyam vadakanni vistarinchadaaniki mariyu itara bhaashalalo andubaatulo unchadaaniki athanu chaalaa aasakti chuupaadu. 1967loe mexicolo prachurinchabadina mariyu cuba, puerto rico mariyu mexicolalo upayoginchina emm. emm. pii. ii. nii spanish loki anuvadinchadampai ayana sahakarinchaaru mariyu sampradimpulu jaripaaru.
1937loe, vaidya sibbandito sannihitamgaa panicheestuu, vaidya paatasaala adhyapakuluga hathway padaveekaalam pondaadu. eee niyamakam dwara, haathe jay thoo sannihitamgaa panicheyadam praarambhinchaadu. sii. makkinli, aayanatho kalisi taruvaata emm. emm. pii. ii. nii srushtinchaadu. ayana tarachugaa ii. thoo kalisi panicheesaaru. dii. monachi mariyu white longstaff. inca, ayana umen loe unna samayamlo, paal ii thoo sahaa aneka mandhi prabhaavavantamaina graduate vidyaarthulaku sikshana icchaaru. meal, haarisan zii. guff, doubleu. dalstrome, mariyu howard vaetanu manjuru cheyandi.
1963loe aayanaku 1959loe apa vishishta shaastreeya sahakaara puraskaram labhinchindi mariyu 1963loe apa adhyakshudiga panicheesaaru. 1977loe, manastatvasaastram yokka anuvartanaalaku apa vishishta shaastreeya avaardunu andukunnaru.
vruttiparamaina sahakaram.
minnesota bahula-parshwa vyaktitva jabita.
1930laloe, hathway mariyu mckinley modatisaarigaa vaari kotta vyaktitva jaabitaanu nirminchadam praarambhinchina samayamlo, manorogachikitsa mariyu naraala shaastram samyukta rashtraalalo clinical pratyaekatalugaa sthaapinchabaddaayi, ayinappatikee clinical rangaalu mariyu manastatvasaastram rendinti madhya chaalaa takkuva aikyata undhi. WWI taruvaata, emm. emm. pii. ii. thoo sahaa aneka vyaktitva anchanaalu prachurinchabaddaayi. ayithe, clinical samasyalanu gurtinchagalamani ledhaa manasika rooga nirdhaaranalo sahayamga panichestundani perkonna eee madimpulalo chaalaa varaku bahya pramaanaalaku vyatiraekamgaa dhruvikarinchabadaledu. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, emm. emm. pii. ii aaa lopaalanu parishkarinchindi mariyu vaidyudiki vividha rakaala amarikalalo saadhaarana vaidya nipunulu, alaage vaidyetara nipunulu upayoginchagala clinical roganirdhaarana marganni andinchindi. konni rogalakshanaalu unna rogulu aamodinchina vastuvulanu enchukovadam dwara pondina clinical drugvishayaanni amalu cheyadaaniki anubhavika pramaana vidhaanamtho emm. emm. pii. ii pratyaekamgaa abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. eee vidhanam mariyu aaa samayamlo upayoginchina itara pareeksha abhivruddhi vyuuhaala madhya vyatyaasam emitante, idhi aneka vidhaluga autherotical (yea nirdishta siddhaantam aadhaaramgaa kaadu) mariyu anduvalla prarambha pareeksha prastuta manasika gatisastra siddhaantaalatoe samalekhanam kaaledu. clinical siddhaantaalalo maarpulu unnappatikee gurtinchadagina mariyu ardhavantamaina maanava manasika rugmata yokka amsaalanu sangrahinchadamlo eee charya vijayavantamaindi.
pareeksha yokka angeekaaram sthiramgaa perigindi (dalstrome, 1992) 1950la chivari natiki, emm. emm. pii. ii. vyaktitvam mariyu manasika rugmata yokka atyanta vistrutamgaa upayoginche vastunishtha kolatagaa maarindi, mariyu praathamika mariyu anuvartita parisoedhana rendintikee sambandhinchinadigaa maarindi. kliniklu mariyu aasupatrulalo vistrutamgaa upayoginchadamto paatu, eee pareekshanu saadhaarana vaidya paristhitulalo unna rogulaku, diddubaatu soukaryaalalo unna khaideelaku, sainika sibbandiki mariyu adhika ottidi mariyu praja bhadrata baadhyata kaligina sthaanaala abhyardhulaku nirvahistunnaaru. antekakunda, eee pareeksha videshee bhaashalaloki anuvadinchabadutondi-1976 natiki 50kii paiga anuvaadaalu andubaatulo unnaayi.
ayithe, emm. emm. pii. ii. loe chellubaatu lopaalu unnaayi, avi tvaralo spashtamgaa kanipinchaayi mariyu niravadhikamgaa vismarinchabadaledu. daani asalu pareeksha kosam niyantrana samuuhamloo chaalaa takkuva sankhyalo vyaktulu unnaaru, ekkuvagaa graameena madhyapaschima bhougolika praantaalaku chendina yuvakulu, swethajaatheeyulu mariyu vivaahitulu. emm. emm. pii. ii. kooda aneka amsaalanu edurkonnadi, endukante laingika ledhaa mataparamaina vishayaala kaaranamgaa paatavi ledhaa abhyantarakaramainavigaa pariganinchabaddaayi, daani paribhasha adhi kolavaalsina janaabhaaku sambandhinchinadi kaadu, mariyu emm. emm. pii. ii. kii marinta vaividhyamaina sankhyanu kolavadam avasaram ayyindi "aatmahatya dhoranulu, maadakadravyaala durviniyogam mariyu chikitsa-sambandhita pravartanalu vanti sambhaavya manasika aarogya samasyalu."
graduate vidyaarthi paal meehl thoo kalisi, emm. emm. pii. ii. loe ponduparachabadina moodu chellubaatu pramaanaalanu haathe abhivruddhi chesaru ell, ledhaa abaddham, scale client "manchi nakilee" anie eppudu suuchistumdi; eff, ledhaa arudugaa, scale client "chedu nakilee" anie eppudu suuchistumdi; keey, rakshana scale vaari pravartanalu mariyu lakshanaala gurinchi tiraskaranalo unna vyaktulanu gurtistundi. prarambha pramaanaalalo hypocandriasis (hetch. pii), depression (dii), hysteria (hetch), saikopatik deviate (pii. dii), paranoya (pii. eah), psychosthenia (pii. ess), schizophrenia (ess. sii), unmaadam (maa) unnaayi.
emm. emm. pii. ii. prachurinchabadina koddikaalaanike, koumaaradasalo unnavaaritho daani vaadakampai parisoedhanalu prarambhamayyayi, mariyu 50la madhyalo, koumaaradasalo neeraanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki dheenini upayoginchadam dwara pareekshanu vistarinchaalanae uddesyamto, deerghachaturasra adhyayanalu nirvahinchi, vaari phalitaalanu oka pustakamlo nivedinchi, profiles yokka vayojana atlas aadhaaramgaa baalura kosam coded profilenu nirvahinchadam jarigindi. 
parikaraalu.
athani jeevitakaala aasaktulu mariyu nepathyaaniki anugunamgaa, haathe yokka prarambha pani manasika prakriyalanu kolavadaniki yaantrika mariyu vidyut parikaraalanu abhivruddhi cheyadampai drushti pettindi. 1929loe graduate vidyaarthigaa ayana modati prachurana, "psychogalvanic mariyu association time kolatala tulanaatmaka adhyayanam oka kotta psychogalvanic upakaranam", manasika mariyu manasika prakriyalanu bhavana cheyagala mariyu vaatini lekkinchadaaniki jeeva mariyu injaneering paddhatulanu upayoginchagala saamarthyaanni pradarsinchindi. eee upakaranam galvanic charma pratispandananu vishraanti samayamlo mariyu bhavodvega pradhana paristhitulalo nammadagina paddhatiloo kolavadaniki upayoginchabadindi. athanu eee parikaranni "lye detector" gaa patent pondaadu mariyu 30 parikaraalanu itara manastatva vibhaagaalaku nirminchi vikrayinchaadu. appati nundi athanu abaddham-gurtinche yantram yokka aavishkartagaa desavyaaptamgaa prasiddhi chendaadu mariyu ohiyoloni athenslo oka hatya kesunu parishkarinchadaaniki dheenini upayoginchaaru.
saareeraka manastatvasaastram.
1940la praarambhamlo, stark haathe rendu paatyapustakaalanu rachinchaaru, "eah avtline off neurosykiatry" (1940), idhi naadii mariyu manasika vyaadhula nirdhaaranaku suuchika vanarugaa panichesindi, mariyu "physiological psychology" (1942), idhi kendra naadii vyavastha mariyu kriyaatmaka upa vyavasthalu mariyu gaayam mariyu vyaadhi yokka manasika mariyu pravartanaa parinaamaalanu sangrahinchindi.
vaidyudigaa.
thana vrutti jeevitamlo taruvaata, hathaway psychophysiology mariyu diagnosis patla thana asalu aasaktini daati psychotherapy aasakti chuupaadu. athanu saarvatrika chikitsa vyuuhaalanu nirdesinche siddhaantaalu mariyu dhoranulanu nivaarinchaadu mariyu badulugaa nirdishta kesulu mariyu khaataadaarulaku saripoyela roopondinchina namuunaalanu ishtapaddadu. chikitsaku sambandhinchi abhignaa/vaidya manastatvasaastraaniki anubhavika vidhananni teesukunnadu, detapai thana swantha pakshapaataalu ledhaa mundastu bhaavanalanu vidhinchadam kante, dayta tama kosam matladanivvandi. athanu thana paddhatulanu aacharanaatmaka ledhaa "daari mallinche manasika chikitsa" gaa paerkonnaadu mariyu vaatini albert ellis hetubaddhamaina bhavodvega pravartana chikitsanu pooli unnatlu varninchaadu. itarula samasyala patla goppa sunnitatvam mariyu itarula samasyalanu spashtamgaa chudadamlo sahayam cheyadamlo naipunhyam kaligina ayana oka naipunhyam kaligina vaidyudu. athani aacharanaatmaka dhorani manasika rugmatalato badhapaduthunna rogulaku, mukhyamgaa itara vaidyulu tarachugaa atanini sampradinche deerghakaalika, deerghakaalika samasyalu unnavaariki sahayam cheyadaaniki baga saripotundi. 1960laloe umn aasupatrilo prayogaatmaka inpatient treatment unitnu sthaapinchinanduku kooda ayana prasiddhi chendaaru.
vyaktigata lakshanaalu.
hathway tarachugaa aacharanatmakamainadigaa varninchabadindi, idhi athanu anusarinchina prati praantaaniki teesukunna vidhaanaaniki kendramgaa unde lakshanam, pedda samasyalanu daani bhagaluga vibhajistundi. athanu taanu chepattina pratidaaniloo tananu taanu "nuts und boults" anubhavagnudigaa abhivarninchaadu. athanu maanava mariyu manasika samasyalaku kathinamaina parimaanam mariyu anubhavavaadaanni vartimpajesaadu. bhouthika padaartham vidyut mariyu yaantrika saktulache prabhaavitamayye vidhamgaane maanava samasyalanu "injaneering" cheyavachani ayana gattiga vishwasinchaaru. idhi athanu bii thoo panchukunna aalochana. eff. ayana tarachugaa teevramaina charchalu mariyu charchalalo nimagnamayye skinner.
thana yaantrika abhiruchulatho paatu, hathway oka aasaktigala matsyakaarudu mariyu athanu uttara minnesotaloni thana cabinlo vaalliila kosam chepalu pattadaniki chaalaa samayam gadipadu. ayithe, athanu maraninche samvatsaram varaku yaantrika mariyu vidyut prajectulapai panini konasaaginchadaaniki varkshaapku dhooramgaa laedu. sudeergha anaaroogyam taruvaata 1984loe minnepolislo ayana maraninchaaru.
1969loe manastatvasaastramlo ayana chesina krushini gowravinche vedukalo hathwayku samarpinchina lekhala sekaranaku roland peak (minnesota praja sankshema saakhaku manasika sevala maajee adhipati) dohadapaddaru. andulo ayana ilaa vraasaaru
manastatvasaastraaniki shaashwata sahakaram.
zhe sahakaaramtho. sii. mckinley, hathaway clinical lakshanaalu mariyu samasyala yokka vastunishtha chitrananu andinche mariyu andinchadaaniki atyanta avasaramaina vyaktitva anchanaanu teesukuvacchaaru. vaari "andha anubhavavaadam" paddhati dwara, emm. emm. pii. ii. samayam mariyu anuvartanam yokka pareekshanu samarthinchindi. hathway mariyu mckinley yokka prasnaapatram yokka marinta pratyaekamaina lakshanaalalo okati, clinical namuunaalanu clinical samuuhaalanu anubhaavikamgaa vaeru chese pramaanaalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki polchagalige oka suuchana samuuhamgaa panicheyadaaniki pedda "saadhaarana" janabhanu upayoginchadam. clinical kolatalanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki pareeksha nibandhanalu mariyu kolata yokka praamaanika unitlanu hathway amitamgaa viswasinchevaadu. oka nirdishta janaabhaaku upayoginchavalasina nibandhanalanu abhivruddhi cheyakudadani, vruddhulu, koumaaradasalo unnavaaru ledhaa antarjaateeya mariyu saamskrutika-bhedaala janabha nundi vividha samuuhaalaku emm. emm. pii. ii. nibandhanalu okela undaalani ayana nokki chepparu. pondina dayta naanhyatapai pratispandana pakshapaatam yokka prabhavanni parishkarinchina modati manastatvavetta hathway kaanappatikee, ell, eff mariyu keey pramaanaala abhivruddhipai paal meehlto kalisi ayana chesina krushi vyaktitva anchanaa saastraaniki pradhana sahakaranni suuchimchimdi.
1969loe hathway sahakaranni gouravistuu harry haarlo ilaa vraasaaru
ayana manasika mariyu saareeraka parikaraala abhivruddhiki eee kathinamaina anubhavanni andinchadame kakunda, clinical kesula bhavanaku kooda andinchindi. detapai thana sonta pakshapaataalu ledhaa mundastu bhaavanalanu vidhinche badulu, daetaanu tama kosam maatlaadanivvadaaniki enchukunnaaru. pratyekinchi, saadhaarana janaabhaaku bhinnamgaa unde emm. emm. pii. ii yokka namuunaalu ledhaa profile rakalu lakshanaalu mariyu clinical lakshanaala gurtimputoe paatu pravartananu anchanaa vesevigaa panicheestaayi. eee anubhavika dhorani nundi udbhavinchina, nirdishta sthaayi ettulu ledhaa profile namuunaala ardhaanni nirnayinchadamlo abhyasakulaku maarganirdesam cheyadaaniki hathway mariyu sahacharulu "atlasses" anie piluvabade reference guidelalo kesulanu jabita chesaaru.
hathway yokka anubhavika dhorani mariyu manastatva shaastram (vyaktitvam nundi sareeradharma shaastram varaku) mariyu clinical, anuvartita paniki kathinamaina vastunishtha paddhatulanu vartimpajeyaalane athani korika eee rangaanni gananeeyamgaa abhivruddhi chesindi. hathway aneka rachanalu chesi, maidaanamlo shaashwata gurtunu saadhinchina ghanata pondinappatikee, athanu deeninainaa "praamaanikam" (mmpi kooda) gaa angeekarinchadaanni nirutsaahaparichaadu. emm. emm. pii. ii. nii savarinche udyamaaniki sambandhinchi, athanu "tappipoyina purogati yokka rahasyam" gaa chusina daani gurinchi paerkonnaadu.
eee rangamlo purogati lekapovadam patla hatway asantrupti vyaktam chesaaru, aavishkaranala kosam krushi cheyadaaniki mariyu anubhavika punaraavruta prakriyala dwara vyaktitva anchanaanu meruguparachadaaniki parisoedhakulu mariyu vidyaavaettalanu bahirangamgaa savaalu chesaaru. haate thana vruttiparamaina vruttini praarambhinchinappudu upayoginchina down-tuu-erth, prasninche, aacharanaatmaka vidhaanamtho muginchaadu.

