rs-232

telecommunicationlalo, rs-232 ledhaa sifaarsu cheyabadina praamaanika 232 anedi dayta yokka seeriyal communication transmission kosam modatisaarigaa modata pravesapettina pramaanam. idhi computer terminal vanti "dte" ("dayta terminal parikaraalu") mariyu modem vanti "dce" ("dayta circuit-terminating parikaraalu" ledhaa "dayta communication parikaraalu") madhya anusandhaaninche sankethaalanu adhikarikamga nirvachistundi. eee pramaanam sankethaala vidyut lakshanaalu mariyu samayam, sankethaala ardham mariyu connectorla bhouthika parimaanam mariyu pinavutnu nirvachistundi. praamaanikam yokka prastuta samskarana punarvimarsha jaarii cheyabadina "dayta terminal parikaraalu mariyu seeriyal binary dayta maarpidini upayoginche dayta circuit-terminating parikaraala madhya tia-232-eff interfaces". rs-232 pramaanam saadhaaranamgaa computer seeriyal portulalo upayoginchabadindi mariyu ippatikee paarisraamika communication parikaraalalo vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadutondi.
rs-232 pramaanaaniki anugunamgaa unde seeriyal port okappudu aneka rakaala computerlaku praamaanika lakshanamgaa undedi. vyaktigata computerlu vaatini modemlaku matrame kakunda, printerlu, computer elukalu, dayta nilva, nirantaraaya vidyut sarafara mariyu itara paridheeya parikaraalaku kooda anusandhaaninchadaaniki upayoginchaayi.
rs-422, rs-485 mariyu eetharnet vanti taruvaati interfacelatho poliste, rs-232 takkuva prasaara vegam, takkuva garishta cable podavu, pedda voltage swing, pedda praamaanika connectorlu, bahula binduvu saamarthyam mariyu parimita multidrop saamarthyaanni kaligi untundi. aadhunika vyaktigata computerlalo, usb daani paridheeya interfaces paatrala nundi rs-232 nuu sthaanabhramsham chesindi. ayithe, vaati saralata mariyu gatha sarvavyaaptataku dhanyavaadaalu, rs-232 interfacelu ippatikee upayoginchabadutunnaayi-mukhyamgaa paarisraamika cnc yantraalu, networking parikaraalu mariyu shaastreeya parikaraalalo, ikkada swalpa-shreni, point-tuu-point, takkuva-vegam vairdu dayta connection puurtigaa saripotundi.
pramaana paridhi.
1969 natiki electronic industries association (eia) praamaanika rs-232-sii nirvachistundihi
aksharaala encoding vanti amsaalanu pramaanam nirvachinchadu (i.ii. aski, abysidic ledhaa itarulu), aksharaala framing (bits praarambhinchandi ledhaa aapandi modalainavi).), bits yokka transmission arder, ledhaa error detection protocols. aksharaala aakruti mariyu prasaara bitt raetu seeriyal port hardware dwara sett cheyabadataayi, saadhaaranamgaa quart, idhi antargata tarka sthaayilanu rs-232 anukuula signal sthaayilaku maarchadaaniki circuitlanu kooda kaligi undavacchu. praamaanika prasaram kosam bitt retlanu nirvachinchadu, idhi sekanuku 20,000 bits kante takkuva bitt raetla kosam uddesinchabadindi anie chebithe tappa.
charitra.
rs-232 nuu modatisaarigaa modatisaarigaa electronic industries association (eia) "sifaarsu chesina pramaanam" gaa pravesapettindi. asalu dtlu electromechanical teletyprieterlu, mariyu asalu disealu (saadhaaranamgaa) modemulu. electronic terminals (smart mariyu mooga) upayoginchadam praarambhinchinappudu, avi tarachugaa teletyprieterlatho parasparam marchukogalige vidhamgaa roopondinchabaddaayi, anduvalla rs-232 kii maddatu istayi.
computerlu, printerlu, pariksha parikaraalu, post terminals modalaina parikaraala avasaralanu praamaanikam mundugaa oohinchananduna, vaari parikaraalapai rs-232 anukuula interfacenu amalu chese designerlu tarachugaa praamaanikatanu vilakshanamgaa ardham chesukunnaru. phalitamgaa vachhe saadhaarana samasyalu connectorlapy circuitla praamaanikam kaani pinn ketayimpu mariyu tappu ledhaa tappipoyina niyantrana sankethaalu. pramaanaalaku kattubadi lekapovadam valla breakawoot baakslu, pyaach baakslu, pareeksha parikaraalu, pustakaalu mariyu vibhina parikaraala anusandhanam kosam itara sahayaka parikaraala abhivruddhi chendutunna parisramanu utpatti chesindi. pramaanaaniki oka saadhaarana vichalanam emitante, sankethaalu taggina voltage vadda nadapadam. anduvalla kontamandi tayaareedaarulu + 5v mariyu-5v sarafara chese transmitterlanu nirminchi vaatini "rs-232 anukuulamainadi" anie label chesaaru.
taruvaata vyaktigata computerlu (mariyu itara parikaraalu) pramaanaanni upayoginchadam praarambhinchaayi, tadwara avi ippatike unna parikaraalaku connect cheyagalavu. chaalaa samvatsaraalugaa, rs-232-anukuulamaina port anedi aneka computerlalo modem connections vanti seeriyal communicationla kosam oka praamaanika lakshanamgaa undedi (computer dtega panichestundi). idhi 1990la chivari varaku vistrutamgaa upayogamlo undipoyindi. vyaktigata computer paridheeyaalalo, idhi ekkuvagaa usb vanti itara interfaces pramaanaala dwara bharti cheyabadindi. rs-232 ippatikee paatha designla paridheeya parikaraalu, paarisraamika parikaraalu (plc vantivi), console portulu mariyu pratyeka prayojana parikaraalanu anusandhaaninchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi.
spaansar samstha daani paerunu maarchinanduna daani charitralo eee pramaanaaniki anekasaarlu paeru maarchabadindi, mariyu dheenini vividha rakaluga eia rs-232, eia 232, mariyu iteevala tia 232 anie pilustaaru. eee pramaanaanni electronic industries association mariyu 1988 nundi telecommunications industry association (tia) savarinchadam mariyu naveekarinchadam konasaaginchindi. savarana sii 1969 augustu naati patramlo jaarii cheyabadindi. punarvimarsha dii dii jaarii cheyabadindi. prastuta punarvimarsha punarvimarsha jaarii cheyabadina "dayta terminal parikaraalu mariyu seeriyal binary dayta maarpidini upayoginche dayta circuit-terminating parikaraala madhya tia-232-eff interfaces". punarvimarsha sii nundi maarpulu cisit pramaanamtho samarasyanni meruguparachadaaniki uddesinchina samayam mariyu vivaraalalo unnaayi, conny prastuta pramaanaaniki nirminchina parikaraalu paatha samskaranalatho parasparam panicheestaayi.
sambandhita itu-tii pramaanaalalo v. 24 (circuit gurtimpu) mariyu (signal voltage mariyu samaya lakshanaalu) unnaayi.
eia-232 yokka punarvimarsha dii loe, dii-subminiature connector adhikarikamga pramaanamloo bhaagamgaa cherchabadindi (idhi rs-232-sii yokka anubandhamlo matrame soochinchabadindi). voltage paridhini ±25 voltlaku vistarinchaaru, mariyu circuit capacitance parimiti 2500 pf gaa spashtamgaa perkonabadindi. eeyaa-232 yokka punarvimarsha ii kotta, chinna, praamaanika dii-shell 26-pinn "alt eah" connectornu pravesapettindi mariyu cisit pramaanaalu v. 24, v. 28 mariyu iso 2110 thoo anukuulatanu meruguparachadaaniki itara maarpulu chesindi.
vivarana patram punarvimarsha charitrah
pramaanaala parimitulu.
rs-232 anedi oka terminalnu modemto anusandhaaninche asalu uddesyaaniki minchi upayoginchabadutunnanduna, parimitulanu parishkarinchadaaniki vaarasudi pramaanaalu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. rs-232 pramaanamtho samasyalu
aadhunika vyaktigata computerlalo paatra.
pisi 97 hardware design guide" pustakamlo, microsoft asalu ibm pisi design yokka rs-232 anukuula seeriyal portku maddatunu nilipivesindi. nedu, sthaanika samachara marpidi kosam vyaktigata computerlalo ekkuvagaa rs-232 sthaanamlo usbni upayogistunnaru. rs-232 thoo poliste prayojanaalu emitante, usb vaegamgaa untundi, takkuva voltagelanu upayogistundi mariyu connect cheyadaaniki mariyu upayoginchadaaniki sulabhamaina connectorlanu kaligi untundi. rs-232 thoo poliste usb yokka pratikuulatalu emitante, usb vidyudayaskaanta jokyam (emi) kuu chaalaa takkuva roganirodhaka saktini kaligi untundi mariyu pramaanaala dwara nirvachinchabadina garishta cable podavu chaalaa takkuvagaa untundi (usb version mariyu kriyaaseela cables vadakanni batti rs-232 kosam 15 meterlu verses usb kosam 3-5 meterlu). tagina line driverlatho 2000 meterla rs-232 cable podavulu saadhyame.
prayogasaala automation ledhaa surveying vanti rangaalalo, rs-232 parikaraalu upayoginchabadutunnaayi. konni rakaala prograamable logic controllerlu, variable-frequency drivelu, sarvo drivelu mariyu kampyootareekarinchina sankhya niyantrana parikaraalu rs-232 dwara prograamable. computer tayaareedaarulu tama computerlalo chinna connectornu tirigi pravesapettadam dwara ledhaa adapterlu andubaatulo unchadam dwara eee demandku pratispandinchaaru.
operating system inca nadustunnappudu, boot samayamlo monetor ledhaa keyboard vyavasthaapinchabadani sarvarlu vanti talaleni vyavasthalaku communicate cheyadaaniki kooda rs-232 portlu saadhaaranamgaa upayoginchabadataayi, anduvalla network connection saadhyam kaadu. rs-232 seeriyal port unna computer eetharnet dwara paryaveekshanhaku pratyamnaayamgaa embeded system (router vantivi) yokka seeriyal porttho communicate cheyagaladu.
bhouthika interfaces.
idhi, viniyogadaaru dayta bits yokka samaya-shrenigaa pampabadutundi. synchronous mariyu asynchronous transmissionlu rendintikee praamaanika maddatu untundi. dayta circuitlatho paatu, dte mariyu dce madhya connectionnu nirvahinchadaaniki upayoginche aneka niyantrana circuitlanu pramaanam nirvachistundi. prati dayta ledhaa niyantrana circuit oka disalo matrame panichestundi, antey, oka dte nundi jatacheyabadina dce ledhaa riverse kii sanketam. daetaanu prasaram cheyadam mariyu daetaanu sweekarinchadam ververu circuitlu kabatti, interfaces puurti duplexes paddhatiloo panicheyagaladu, rendu disalalo ummadi dayta pravaahaaniki maddatu istundi. dayta stream ledhaa akshara encodinglo aksharaala framingnu pramaanam nirvachinchadu.
voltage sthaayilu.
rs-232 pramaanam dayta transmission mariyu controll signal linela kosam logical vann mariyu logical jeero sthaayilaku anugunamgaa unde voltage sthaayilanu nirvachistundi. chellubaatu ayye sankethaalu + 3 nundi + 15 voltla paridhiloo untaayi ledhaa "common ground" (gnd) pinku sambandhinchi −3 nundi −15 voltla paridhiloo untaayi; tatphalitamgaa, −3 mariyu + 3 voltla madhya paridhi chellubaatu ayye rs-232 sthaayi kaadu. dayta transmission linela (txd, arxd, mariyu vaati dviteeya chaanal samaanamainavi) kosam, logic okati pratikuula voltejga suuchimchabadutumdi mariyu signal paristhitini "maark" antaaru. logic jeero anedi positive voltage thoo suuchimchabadutumdi mariyu signal paristhitini "space" anie pilustaaru. niyantrana sankethaalu vyatiraeka dhruvanatanu kaligi untayih nokkicheppabadina ledhaa kriyaaseela sthithi saanukuula voltage mariyu dii-arcert ledhaa nishkriyaatmaka sthithi pratikuula voltage. niyantrana linela udaaharanalalo pampadaaniki abhyardhana (arts), pampadaaniki clear (cts), dayta terminal siddhamgaa (dtr) mariyu dayta sett siddhamgaa (dsr) unnaayi.
praamaanikam garishtamgaa 25 voltla open-circuit voltagenu nirdesistundihi line driver circuitku andubaatulo unna voltagelanu batti ±5v, ±10v, ±12v mariyu ±15v signal sthaayilu saadhaaranamgaa kanipistaayi. konni rs-232 driver chiplu 3 ledhaa 5 volt sarafara nundi avasaramaina voltagelanu utpatti cheyadaaniki antarnirmita circutrini kaligi untaayi. rs-232 driverlu mariyu receiverlu bhoomiki ledhaa ±25 voltla varaku edainaa voltage sthaayiki niravadhika short circuitlanu thattukogalagaali. sluu raetu, ledhaa sthaayila madhya signal entha vaegamgaa maarutundo kooda niyantrinchabadutundi.
saadhaaranamgaa integrated circuitlu upayoginche logic sthaayila kante voltage sthaayilu ekkuvagaa unnanduna, logic sthaayilanu anuvadinchadaaniki pratyeka madhyavartitva driver circuitlu avasaram. ivi parikaram yokka antargata circuitaryni rs-232 interfacelo kanipinche short circuitlu ledhaa transientla nundi kooda rakshistaayi mariyu dayta transmission kosam slou rate avasaralaku anugunamgaa taginanta karentnu andistaayi.
endukante rs-232 circuit yokka rendu chivaralanu ground pinn sunna voltlu anae daanipai aadharapadi untundi, yantraalu mariyu computerlanu anusandhaaninchetappudu samasyalu talettutaayi, ikkada oka chivara ground pinn mariyu maroka vaipu ground pinn madhya voltage sunna kaadu. idhi pramaadakaramaina ground loopku kooda kaaranam kaavacchu. saapekshamgaa chinna cables unna anuvartanaalaku saadhaarana ground limits rs-232 yokka upayogam. rendu parikaraalu chaalaa dhooramlo ledhaa ververu vidyut vyavasthalalo unte, cable yokka iruvaipula unna sthaanika ground connections ververu voltagelanu kaligi untaayi; eee vyatyaasam signals yokka sabdam marjinnu taggistundi. rs-422 ledhaa rs-485 vanti samatulya, avakalana krama anusandhaanaalu avakalana sanketam kaaranamgaa pedda ground voltage vyatyaasaalanu thattukogalavu.
upayoginchani interfaces signals neelapai muginchabadataayi, avi nirvachinchabadani tarka sthithini kaligi untaayi. niyantrana sanketaanni nirvachinchina sthithiki saasvatamgaa amarchadam avasaramaina chota, adhi tarkam 1 ledhaa tarkam 0 sthaayilanu nokki cheppe voltage muulaaniki anusandhaaninchabadaali, udaaharanaku pull up resistertho. konni parikaraalu eee prayojanam kosam vaari interfaces connectorlalo test voltagelanu andistaayi.
connectorlu.
rs-232 parikaraalanu dayta terminal parikaraalu (dte) ledhaa dayta circuit-terminating parikaraalu (dce) gaa vargeekarinchavachhu; idhi prati parikaramlo prati signalnu yea vairlu pamputayo mariyu sweekaristaayo nirvachistundi. praamaanikam prakaram, maga connectorlu dte pinn functionlanu kaligi untaayi, mariyu aada connectorlu dce pinn functionlanu kaligi untaayi. itara parikaraalu connector lingam mariyu pinn nirvachanaala kalayikanu kaligi undavacchu. aneka terminals mahilaa connectorlatho tayaaru cheyabaddaayi, conny prati chivara maga connectorlatho kebultho vikrayinchabaddaayi; daani kebultho terminal pramaanamlooni sifaarsulanu santruptiparichindi.
praamaanikam dii-upa-suukshmata 26-pinn connectornu punarvimarsha sii varaku sifaarsu chestundi mariyu punarvimarsha dii varaku tappanisari chestundi. chaalaa parikaraalu pramaanamloo perkonna iravai sankethaalalo konnintini matrame amalu chestaayi, kabatti takkuva pinlu unna connectorlu mariyu cables chaalaa connectionlaku saripothayi, marinta compact mariyu takkuva khareedainavi. vyaktigata computer tayaareedaarulu tayaareedaarulu connectornu chinna chinna connectortho bharti chesaaru. eee connector, vaerae pinavut thoo (seeriyal port pinavutlanu chudandi), vyaktigata computerlu mariyu anubandha parikaraalaku prabalamgaa undhi.
25-pinn dii-sub connector undatam anedi rs-232-sii compliant interfacenu suuchimchadu. udaaharanaku, asalu ibm pisilo, maga dii-sub anedi rs-232-sii dte port (rijarvu chesina pinlapai praamaanikam kaani current loop interfaceto), conny adhe pisi modal looni aada dii-sub connector samaantara "centronics" printer port kosam upayoginchabadindi. konni vyaktigata computerlu tama seeriyal portulaloni konni pinlapai praamaanikam kaani voltagelu ledhaa sankethaalanu unchutaayi.
pinn avt.
eee krindi pattika saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche rs-232 sankethaalanu (specificationlalo "circuitlu" anie pilustaaru) mariyu sifaarsu cheyabadina db-25 connectorlapy vaati pinn assainmentlanu jabita chestundi. (praamaanikam dwara nirvachinchabadani itara saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche connectorla kosam seeriyal port pinavutlanu chudandi.)
"signal ground" anedi itara connectionlaku saadhaarana rabadi; idhi yost pramaanamloo rendu pinlalo kanipistundi conny adhe signal. db-25 connectorlo pinn pinn rendava "protective ground" untundi, idhi prati parikaram dwara daani swantha frame ground ledhaa ilanti vatiki anusandhaaninchadaaniki uddesinchabadindi. signal groundku rakshana sthalaanni anusandhaaninchadam oka saadhaarana paddhati, conny sifaarsu cheyabadadu.
eeyaa/tia 561 anedi dsr mariyu aarailanu militam chestundani, yost pramaanam dsr mariyu disidini militam chestundani gamaninchandi.
cables.
praamaanikam garishta cable podavunu nirvachinchadu, conny badulugaa compliant drive circuit sahinchagala garishta capasitancenu nirvachistundi. vistrutamgaa upayoginche niyamam pratyeka tantulu upayoginchakapothe, podavaina kante ekkuva tantulu chaalaa capacitance kaligi untaayani suuchistumdi. takkuva saamarthyam gala tantulanu upayoginchadam dwara, communicationnu ekkuva dhooram varaku nirvahinchavacchu. ekkuva dooraalaku, rs-422 vanti itara signal pramaanaalu adhika vaegaaniki baga saripothayi.
praamaanika nirvachanalu ellappuduu sarigga vartinchavu kabatti, documentation sampradinchadam, breakawoot baxto connectionlanu pareekshinchadam ledhaa rendu parikaraalanu parasparam anusandhaaninchetappudu panichese kebulnu kanugonadaaniki trial und errarnu upayoginchadam tarachugaa avasaram. puurtigaa praamaanika-compliant dii. sii. ii. parikaram mariyu dii. tii. ii. parikaranni anusandhaaninchadam prati connectorlo ("strait cable" anie pilavabade) oke pinn nambarlanu anusandhaaninche kebulnu upayogistundi. "cables mariyu connectorla madhya linga asamatulyatanu parishkarinchadaaniki "linga maarpulu" andubaatulo unnaayi. vividha rakaala connectorlatho parikaraalanu anusandhaaninchadaaniki diguva pattika prakaram sambandhita pinlanu anusandhaaninche cable avasaram. oka chivara 9 pinlu mariyu maroka vaipu 25 pinlu unna cables saadhaaranam. 8p8c connectorlatho parikaraala tayaareedaarulu saadhaaranamgaa db-25 ledhaa dii-9 connector (ledhaa konnisaarlu parasparam marchukogalige connectorlu, tadwara avi bahula parikaraalatoe panicheyagalavu) thoo kebulnu andistaaru. paelavamaina naanhyata gala tantulu dayta mariyu niyantrana linela (ring indicator vantivi) madhya crosstock dwara tappudu sankethaalanu kaliginchavacchu.
icchina cable dayta connectionnu anumatinchakapothe, mukhyamgaa linga marakam upayogamlo unte, shoonya modem cable avasaram kaavacchu. linga marpidi yantraalu mariyu shoonya modem tantulu pramaanamloo prastaavinchabadaledu, kabatti vaati kosam adhikarikamga manjuru cheyabadina roopakalpana ledhu.
dayta mariyu niyantrana sankethaalu.
eee krindi pattikalo saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche rs-232 sankethaalu (specificationlalo "circuitlu" anie pilustaaru) mariyu sifaarsu cheyabadina db-25 connectorlapy vaati pinn assainments jabita cheyabaddaayi (praamaanikam dwara nirvachinchabadani itara saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche connectorla kosam seeriyal port pinavutlanu chudandi).
dte drukkonam nundi sankethaalaku paerlu pettabaddayi. ground pinn anedi itara connectionlaku saadhaarana rabadi, mariyu itara pinlapai voltagelu suchinchabade "sunna" voltagenu sthaapistundi. db-25 connectorlo pinn pinn rendava "protective ground" untundi; idhi parikaraala frame groundku antargatamgaa anusandhaaninchabadi untundi mariyu signal groundku cable ledhaa connectorlo anusandhaaninchakuudadu.
ring suuchika.
"ring indicator" (rii) anedi dii. sii. ii nundi dii. tii. ii. parikaraniki pampabade sanketam. idhi phone line mogutondani terminal parikaraniki suuchistumdi. aneka computer seeriyal portulalo, rii signal sthithini marchinappudu hardware antaraayam erpadutundi. eee hardware antaraayaaniki maddatu undatam antey, pinn yokka sthithini nirantaram "pole" cheyadaaniki software avasaram lekunda, rii pinn yokka sthithilo maarpu gurinchi programme ledhaa operating systemku teliyajeyavacchu. rii anedi idhe vidhamaina samacharanni vyatiraeka maargamlo kaligi unna maroka sankethaalaku anugunamgaa undadu.
bahya modempai ring indicator pinn yokka sthithi tarachugaa "aaa" (auto javaabu) kaantiki jatacheyabadutundi, idhi rii signal ringnu gurtinchinatlayite merustundi. dhruveekarinchabadina rii signal ringing namuunaanu daggaragaa anusaristundi, idhi vilakshanhamaina ring namuunaalanu gurtinchadaaniki softwarenu anumatistundi.
ring indicator signalnu computerku vidyut vaiphalya sthithini suuchimchadaaniki konni paatha nirantaraaya vidyut sarafaraalu (yuu. pii. ess. ess) upayogistaayi.
konni vyaktigata computerlanu wake-aann-ring kosam configure cheyavachu, idhi phone kaalku samadhanam ivvadaaniki suspend cheyabadina computernu anumatistundi.
rts, cts, mariyu rtr.
(arts) pampadaaniki abhyardhana mariyu (cts) sankethaalanu pampadaaniki spashtata modata bell 202 vanti sagam-doublex (oka samayamlo oka dhisha) modemlatho upayoginchadaaniki nirvachinchabaddaayi. eee modemlu avasaram lenappudu vaati transmitterlanu nilipivestaayi mariyu avi tirigi praarambhinchabadinappudu receiverku samakaaleekarana peetikanu prasaram cheyali. dii. tii. ii. dii. sii. eee. kii prasaram cheyalane korikanu suuchimchadaaniki aarr. tii. ess. nii nokki chebutundi, dheeniki pratispandanagaa dii. sii. eee. anumatini manjuru cheyadaaniki sii. tii. ess. nii nokki chebutundi, okasari suduura chivaralo dii. sii. eee. thoo samakaaleekarana saadhinchabadutundi. atuvanti modemulu ikapai saadhaarana upayogamlo laevu. dii. sii. ii nundi vachhe daetaanu tatkalikamga nilipiveyadaaniki dii. tii. ii. upayoginchagala sambandhita sanketam ledhu. anduvalla rs-232 yokka arts mariyu cts sankethaala upayogam, praamaanikam yokka paatha samskaranala prakaram, asamanamga untundi.
eee pathakam prastuta rs-232 nundi rs-485 converterlalo kooda upayoginchabadutundi. rs-485 anedi bahula-praapyata bassu, dheenilo okesari oke parikaram matrame prasaram cheyagaladu, idhi idhi andinchabadani oka bhavana. rs-232 parikaram converterku rs-485 bassunu niyantrinchamani cheppadaniki rs-232 parikaranni nokki chebutundi, tadwara convertor, tadwara rs-232 parikaram bassuloki daetaanu pampagaladu.
aadhunika samachara vaataavaranaalu puurti-dwandwa (rendu disalanu ekakaalamlo) modemlanu upayogistaayi. aaa vaataavaranamloo, dtes kii arts nii desert cheyadaaniki etuvanti kaaranam undadu. ayithe, line naanhyata maaradam, dayta prosessinglo jaapyam modalaina vaati kaaranamgaa., cemetric, bidirectional flow controll avasaram undhi.
rendu disalalo pravaaha niyantrananu andinche oka samaroopa pratyaamnaayam 1980la chivaralo vividha parikaraala tayaareedaarulachae abhivruddhi cheyabadindi mariyu vikrayinchabadindi. idhi arts signalnu punarnirvachinchindi, antey dtce nundi daetaanu sweekarinchadaaniki dte siddhamgaa undani ardham. eee pathakam chivariki oka kotta signal, "rtr (sweekarinchadaaniki siddhamgaa undhi)" nuu nirvachinchadam dwara samskarana rs-232-e (vaastavaaniki aaa samayaniki tia-232-e) loe krodikarinchabadindi, idhi ccitt v. 24 circuit 133. tia-232-e mariyu sambandhita antarjaateeya pramaanaalu savarinchabaddaayi, circuit 133, amalu cheyabadinappudu, rts (pampadaaniki abhyardhana) vale adhe pinn panchukuntundani, mariyu 133 upayogamlo unnappudu, rts anni samayaallo nokki cheppabadutundani dce bhaavistundi.
saadhaaranamgaa "arts/cts flow controll" ledhaa "arts/cts hanned shaking" anie piluvabade eee pathakamlo (saanketikamgaa saraina paeru "rtr/cts" ayinappatikee), dte nundi daetaanu sweekarinchadaaniki siddhamgaa unnappudu artsnu nokki chebutundi, mariyu dtce dte nundi daetaanu sweekarinchadaaniki siddhamgaa unnappudu ctsnu nokki chebutundi. sagam-double modemlatho rts mariyu cts yokka asalu upayogam vale kakunda, eee rendu sankethaalu okadaanikokati swatantramgaa panicheestaayi. idhi hardware pravaaha niyantranaku oka udaaharana. ayithe, rs-232-amarchina parikaramlo andubaatulo unna empikala vivaranalo "hardware pravaaha niyantrana" antey ellappuduu arts/cts karachalanam anie ardham kaadu.
eee protokaalnu upayoginche parikaraalu kontha adanapu daetaanu buffer cheyadaaniki siddhamgaa undaali, endukante sthaanika vyavastha rtr nii dii-arcert cheyadaaniki mundu remot system prasaram cheyadam praarambhinchi undavacchu.
3-wire mariyu 5-wire rs-232.
prasaram cheyabadina dayta, sweekarinchina dayta mariyu ground matrame kaligi unna kaneesa "3-wire" rs-232 connection, rs-232 yokka puurti soukaryaalu avasaram lenappudu saadhaaranamgaa upayoginchabadutundi. dayta pravaham oka maargamgaa unte rendu-vairla connectionnu (dayta mariyu ground) kooda upayoginchavacchu (udaaharanaku, kramaanugatamgaa baruvu patanaanni pampe digital postal scale, ledhaa rs-232 dwara aakruteekarana avasaram lekapothe kramaanugatamgaa sthaanaanni pampe GPS receiver). rendu-maargam detatho paatu hardware pravaaha niyantrana matrame avasaramainappudu, arts mariyu cts linelu 5-wire versionlo jodinchabadataayi.
arudugaa upayoginche lakshanaalu.
chaalaa amalu cheyadamlo upayoginchani aneka lakshanaala kosam connectionlanu eia-232 pramaanam nirdesistundi. vaati upayogam kosam 25-pinn connectorlu mariyu cables avasaram.
signal raetu empika.
dte ledhaa dce "adhika" ledhaa "takkuva" signalling raetu vadakanni paerkonavacchu. raetlu, alaage yea parikaram retunu enchukuntundi, dte mariyu dce rendintiloonuu configure cheyali. mundugaa erpaatu chesina parikaram pinn pinn aann cheyadaaniki sett cheyadam dwara adhika retunu enchukuntundi.
loopback pareeksha.
aneka dii. sii. ii. parikaraalu pareeksha kosam upayoginche loopback saamarthyaanni kaligi untaayi. praarambhinchabadinappudu, sankethaalu receiverku pampe badulu pampinavaariki tirigi pratidhvaninchabadataayi. maddatu unte, pinn pinn aann cheyadaaniki amarchadam dwara loopback modloki pravesinchadaaniki sthaanika dce (daaniki anusandhaaninchabadinadi) nii ledhaa pinn pinn aann cheyadaaniki amarchadam dwara loopback modloki pravesinchadaaniki remot dce (sthaanika dce anusandhaaninchabadinadi) nii dte suuchimchavachchu. rendodi communications linknu, alaage rendu dishlanu pareekshistundi. dii. sii. ii. test modlo unnappudu, pinn pinn aann cheyadaaniki amarchadam dwara dii. tii. ii. nii suuchistumdi.
loopback pareeksha yokka saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche samskaranalo yea chivara yokka pratyeka saamarthyam undadu. hardware loopback anedi oke connectorlo paripuurakaramaina pinlanu kalipe wire (loopback chudandi).
loopback pareeksha tarachugaa bitt error rate tester (ledhaa bert) anie piluvabade pratyeka dtetho nirvahinchabadutundi.
samaya sankethaalu.
konni samakaaleekarana parikaraalu dayta prasaranni samakaaleekarinchadaaniki gadiyara sanketaanni andistaayi, mukhyamgaa adhika dayta raetla vadda. pinn 15 mariyu 17 paie dii. sii. ii. rendu timing signals andistundi. pinn 15 anedi transmitter gadiyaram, ledhaa samayam pampadam (esty); eee gadiyaram off nundi aanku marinappudu dte tadupari bitnu dayta line (pinn 2) paie unchutundi (kabatti dii. sii. ii bitnu namodu chesinappudu aann nundi off parivartana samayamlo idhi sthiramgaa untundi). pinn 17 anedi receiver gadiyaram, ledhaa receive timing (rt); eee gadiyaram aann nundi off kii marinappudu dayta line (pinn 3) nundi tadupari bitnu dte chaduvutundi.
pratyamnaayamgaa, prasaram cheyabadina dayta kosam pinn pinn transmitter timing (titi) anie piluvabade gadiyara sanketaanni dte andinchagaladu. gadiyaram off nundi aanku marinappudu dayta maarchabadutundi mariyu aann nundi off parivartana samayamlo chadavabadutundi. ST teliyani podavu mariyu alasyam gala kebulnu daataali, maroka teliyani alasyam tarvaata dte nundi konchem bayataku gadiyaram chesi, adhe teliyani cable alasyam meeda daanini dce kii tirigi ivvaalsina samasyanu adhigaminchadaaniki tt nii upayoginchavacchu. prasaram cheyabadina bitt mariyu titi madhya sambandhaanni dte designlo parishkarinchavacchu, mariyu rendu signals oke cable podavunu daatutaayi kabatti, titi upayoginchi samasyanu tolagistundi. prasaram cheyabadina detatho samalekhanam cheyadaaniki tagina dasha maarputho tirigi vangadam dwara tt utpatti cheyabadavachhu. ST loop tirigi tt kii velladam anedi dte nii dce nii frequency referencega upayoginchadaaniki mariyu gadiyaranni dayta timingku saricheyadaaniki anumatistundi.
sdlc, hcdlc mariyu ex 25 vanti protokaallaku synchronous clocking avasaram.
dviteeya chaanal.
praadhamika chaaneltho samaanamaina saamardhyamtho kuudina dviteeya dayta chaanelnu dte mariyu dce parikaraala dwara aichhikamgaa amalu cheyavachu. pinn assainments eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaih
sambandhita pramaanaalu.
itara seeriyal signalling pramaanaalu praamaanika-compliant rs-232 portlatho parasparam panicheyakapovacchu. udaaharanaku, + 5v mariyu 0v kii daggaragaa unna ttl sthaayilanu upayoginchadam dwara maark sthaayini praamaanikam yokka nirvachinchabadani praantamloo unchutundi. ituvanti sthaayilu konnisaarlu gps receiverlu mariyu depth finderlatho upayoginchabadataayi. voltage sthaayilanu maarchadaaniki garishtamgaa 232 vanti chip avasaram.
20 emye current loop adhika kosam 20 emye current lekapovadam mariyu takkuva kosam looplo current undatam upayogistundi; eee signalling paddhati tarachugaa suduura mariyu opticalga verucheyabadina linkla kosam upayoginchabadutundi. prastuta-loop parikaranni rs-232 portku anusandhaaninchadaaniki sthaayi anuvaadakudu avasaram. current-loop parikaraalu tappanisarigaa nilabadavalasina parikaram yokka voltage parimitulaku minchi voltagelanu sarafara cheyagalavu. asalu ibm pisi seeriyal port card 20 emye current-loop interfacenu amalu chesindi, idhi plug-anukuula parikaraala itara sarafaraadaarulache eppuduu anukarinchabadaledu.
rs-232 maadirigaane itara seeriyal interfacelu
antarjaateeya telecommunication union praamaanika itr-aarr vii. 24 (gatamlo cisit praamaanika vii. 24) nuu prachuristundi, "dayta terminal parikaraalu (dte) mariyu dayta circuit-terminating parikaraala (dce) madhya interchange circuitla kosam nirvachanaala jabita", circuit nirvachanaalato anukuulamgaa untaayi. sankethaala kosam vidyut paaraamitulu itu-r-v.28 loe perkonabaddaayi.
abhivruddhi sadhanalu.
rs-232 upayoginchi vyavasthalanu abhivruddhi chesetappudu ledhaa troubleshooting chesetappudu, samasyalanu kanugonadaaniki hardware sankethaalanu nisitamgaa pariseelinchadam mukhyam. dayta mariyu niyantrana sankethaala tarka sthaayilanu soochinche eleedeelatoo kuudina saadhaarana parikaraalanu upayoginchi idhi cheyavachu. "oka disalo anni traafiknu paryaveekshinchadaaniki maroka seeriyal portnu upayoginchadaaniki "y" kebullanu upayoginchavacchu. seeriyal line analyser anedi logic analyser maadirigaane unde parikaram, conny rs-232 yokka voltage sthaayilu, connectorlu mariyu upayoginchina chota, gadiyara sankethaalaku pratyekata kaligi untundi; idhi dayta mariyu niyantrana sankethaalanu sekaristundi, nilva chestundi mariyu pradarsistundi, developerlu vaatini vivaramgaa chuudataaniki veelu kalpistundi. konni sankethaalu kevalam taranga rupaluga pradarsinchabadataayi; marinta vistrutamaina samskaranalalo asici ledhaa itara saadhaarana sankethaalaloni aksharaalanu decode cheyagala saamarthyam mariyu sdlc, hcdlc, ddcmp mariyu ex 25 vanti rs-232 paie upayoginche saadhaarana protokaallanu ardham chesukogala saamarthyam unnaayi. seeriyal line vislaeshakulu swatantra vibhagaluga, saadhaarana-prayojana tarka vislaeshakulu mariyu aasileskopla kosam software mariyu interfaces cablesga mariyu saadhaarana vyaktigata computerlu mariyu parikaraallo panichese prograamlugaa andubaatulo unnaayi.

