pourula mandalulu

pourula mandalulu (saadhaaranamgaa swethajaatheeyula mandalulu anie pilustaaru) united stateslo swethajaatheeyula aadhipatya, vaerpaatuvaada samsthala anubandha network, ivi dakshinaana kendrikrutamai, yuu. ess. supreenkortu yokka mylurayi "braun vii" kuu vyatiraekamgaa tellati edurudebbalo bhaagamgaa srushtinchabaddaayi. vidya boardu "teerpu. modatidi juulai 11,1954naa erpadindi. erpadindi eee paerunu citizens councils off america gaa marcharu. dakshina united states antataa sumaru 60,000 mandhi sabhyulatho, eee samuuhaalu pradhanamgaa prabhutva paatasaalala jaathi samaikyatanu vyatirekinchadaaniki staapinchabaddaayih "braun vii" yokka taarkika mugimpu. vidya boardu "teerpu.
dakshinaadiloo otaru namodu prayatnaalanu (19va sataabdam chivari nundi chaalaa mandhi african americanlu ootu hakku kolpoyina) mariyu 1950luu mariyu mariyu saadhaaranamgaa praja soukaryaala ekikarananu vyatirekinchadaaniki kooda councils panicheesaayi. sabhyulu aardhika bahishkaranalu, anyaayamaina upaadhi raddu, pracharam mariyu puurtigaa himsa vanti vyuuhaalanu upayoginchaaru. 1970la natiki samakhya poura hakkula chattam aamodinchadam valla mandalula prabhavam gananeeyamgaa taggindi. councils mailing jaabitaalu mariyu vaari boardu sabhyulalo kondaru St. luis aadhaarita conservative pourula mandali, sabhyulu sthaapinchabadindi.
charitra.
sthaapana mariyu karyakalapalu.
1954 maeloe, yuu. ess. supreme court "braun vii" loe teerpu ichindi. prabhutva paatasaalalanu vaeru cheyadam rajyanga viruddhamani vidya boardu perkondi. aaa samayamlo, paatasaalalu mariyu itara praja soukaryaalu dakshinaadi rashtraallo rashtra chattaala dwara vaeru cheyabaddaayi. braun vii tarvaata rendu nelala taruvaata mississippi looni indianolalo pourula mandalulu sthaapinchabaddaayi. boardu teerpu. gurtimpu pondina nayakudu robbert bii. patterson, oka thotala nirvahakudu mariyu mississippi state university football jattuku maajee kepten. taruvaati samvatsaraallo aneka itara dakshina pattanaalalo adanapu vibhagalu sthaapinchabaddaayi.
eee samayamlo, chaalaa dakshinaadi rashtraalu anni praja soukaryaala jaathi vibajananu amalu chesaayi; sthaanika chattalaku vibhajana avasaram laeni pradaesaalaloo, zim kaaki vaedhimpulu dheenini amalu chesaayi. 1890 nundi 1908 varaku, chaalaa dakshinaadi rashtraalu kotta raajyaamgaalu ledhaa chattalanu aamodinchaayi, ivi otaru namodu mariyu otingku addamkulu vidhinchadam dwara chaalaa mandhi nallajaateeyulaku ootu hakkunu niraakarinchaayi. poura hakkula samsthalu tella praathamika pareekshalapai nishedham vanti konni chattaparamaina savaallanu geluchukunnappatiki, geluchukunnappatiki chaalaa mandhi nallajaateeyulu ippatikee dakshinaana ootu hakkunu kolpoyaru. bassulalo seating vibajananu, alaage department storelalo vibhajanatho sahaa lunch counterlalo seating vibajananu savaalu cheyadam dwara vaaru prateekaara charyanu edurkonnaru. 1965 naati oating hakkula chattam aamodinchina ventane pramaadaalu mugiyaledu.
perigina poura hakkula kriyaaseelataku pratispandanagaa patterson mariyu athani anucharulu white citizens kounsilnu erpaatu chesaaru, idhi aardhika prateekaaram mariyu himsatho pratispandinchindi. praantiiya neegro naayakatvam mandali (rcnl), (rcnl) tii. aarr. emm. mississippi looni nallati pattanam dibba bayou yokka howard indianola nundi 40 mailla dhooramlo undhi. rcnlo taruvaata adhikari mariyu mississippi nockp yokka bhavishyat adhipati ayina aaron henry vaari baalyamlo paatarsannu kalisaaru.
konni nelallone, tellajati pourula mandali daani nayakula abhipraayaalatho samaanamaina jaatyahankaara abhiprayalu kaligina sabhyulanu aakarshinchindi; migilina lothaina dakshinaana mississippi daati kotta adhyayalu abhivruddhi chendaayi. eee mandaliki tarachugaa vyapara, chatta amalu, poura mariyu konnisaarlu matha naayakulatoe sahaa aneka samaajaala pramukha tellajati pourula maddatu undedi, veerilo chaalaa mandhi sabhyulu. vaartaapatrika prachurana, nyaayaparamaina praatinidhyam, vaidya seva vanti sabhya vyaparalu, sthaanika vaartaapatrikalalo paerlu modata prachurinchabadina namodaina otarlapai vaaripai adanapu prateekaara charyalu teesukune mundu samishtiga vyavaharinchadaaniki prasiddhi chendaayi.
jaatyahankaara bhaavajaalam.
council sabhyulu "block somavaaram" anae pustakaanni prachurinchaaru. african americanlu swethajaatheeyula kante takkuvasthaayi vaaru anae vaari nammakanni eee pustakam vivarinchindi, idhi jaatulu vaerugaa undaalani vaari nammakaniki aadhaaramgaa panichesindi. "nyaayampai eee parihasanni memu oke saktivantamaina swaramlo nirasana vyaktam cheyakapothe, memu kooda longipovacchu" anie rachayithalalo okaraina mississippi circuit kortu nyaayamuurti tomm pii. broady, raasaaru.
maranam mariyu punarnirmaanam.
1970la natiki, samakhya poura hakkula chattam aamodinchina taruvaata mariyu mariyu ekikarana mariyu oating hakkula amalu taruvaata, vibhajana patla swethajaatheeyula dakshinaadi vaikharulu maaradam praarambhinchadamtho, swethajaatheeyula councils karyakalapalu ksheeninchadam praarambhinchaayi. maajee tellajati pourula mandali sabhyulu sabhyulu sthaapinchina sampradaayavaada pourula mandali, munupati mandalula ejendaalanu konasaaginchindi.
karyakalapalu.
prachurana.
rahasyamaina kuu clucks clan kakunda, conny ekaswaramgaa panicheestuu, white citizens council bahirangamgaa samavesamaindi. idhi uparitalamgaa "rotary club yokka pravartanatho clan yokka agendaanu anusarinchadam" gaa chudabadindi. 1954 aktobaru nundi, council "dhi citizens council" anae vaartaalekhanu prachurinchindi, idhi 1961 octoberulo oka patrikagaa abhivruddhi chendindi mariyu 1989 varaku "dhi citizen" gaa prachurinchabadindi.
daani itara karyakalapalalo, 1950la chivari ardhabhaagamlo, tellajati pourula mandalulu jaatyahankaara pillala pustakaalanu roopondinchaayi, udaaharanaku, swargam (kraistava bhaavanalo) vaeru cheyabadindani bodhinchadam.
council paatasaalalu.
mississippeeloni tellajati pourula mandali 1964 varaku paatasaala ekikarananu nirodhinchindi. dakshinaana konni praantaalalo paatasaala viviktata peragadamtho, konni samajalalo tellajati pourula mandali swethajaatheeyula pillala kosam erpaatu chesina "council paatasaalalu", private samsthalanu spaansar chesindi. vibhajana academylu anie kooda piluvabade ituvanti private paatasaalalu prabhutva paatasaalalapai teerpuku ateetamgaa undevi. eee private "segregation academylu" chaalaa varaku netikee panicheestunnaayi.
council misisipeelooni jacksonlo pannendu vaeru cheyabadina paatasaalala vyavasthanu spaansar chesindi.
otarla anachiveta.
nallajati otarlanu ennikala jabita nundi tolaginchadaaniki poura mandallu otarlanu prakshaalana chesaayi.
1963 naati federal kortu kesulo eee paddhati chattaviruddhamani teeladaaniki mundu, iddaru otarlu maroka otaru chattabaddhamgaa namodu cheyabaddada anie chuudataaniki savaalu cheyadaaniki anumatinche oka public chhalenj chattanni council munduku tecchindi, eee nibandhananu vaaru nalla otarla paerlanu prakshaalana cheyadaaniki upayoginchevaaru. oka parish, bienville paarishlo, 95 saatam nallajati otarlu tolaginchabaddaaru. adevidhamgaa, council swethajaatheeyula registraarlaku "louisianalo otaru arhata chattalu vaerpaatuvaada poraatamlo vijayaniki keelakam" vanti karapatraalanu pampinhee chesindi mariyu nallajati namodunu nivaarinchadam mariyu nallajati otarlanu prakshaalana cheyadam gurinchi tappanisari seminarlalo paalgonaalani korindi.
himsa mariyu aardhika vaedhimpulu.
tellajati pourula mandalulu bahirangamgaa himsanu nivaarinchinappatikii, registered otarlu mariyu kaaryakartalapai upayoginchina kathinamaina aardhika mariyu raajakeeya vyuuhaalanu vaaru kshaminchaaru. swethajaatheeyula pouramandali sabhyulu udyogaalanu bedirinchadaaniki sahakarinchaaru, deenivalla prajalu adde gruhaala nundi tolaginchabaddaaru ledhaa tolaginchabaddaaru; vaaru vyapaaraalanu bahishkarinchaaru, kaaryakartalu runaalu pondalerani nirdhaarinchaaru, itara vyuuhaalatoe paatu. charitrakaarudu charless payne paerkonnatlugaa, "adhikaarika niraakaranalu unnappatikee, council bedirimpu prachaaraala nepathyamlo tarachugaa himsa jarigindi."nyuu orleans paatasaala vargeekarana sankshobham samayamlo leander perez chesinatlugaa, appudappudu konni councils neerugaa linchinglu, kaalpulu, atyaachaaraalu mariyu kaalpula vanti himsanu prerepinchaayi. konni sandarbhaallo, council sabhyulu neerugaa himsaatmaka charyalalo palgonnaru. vinodaatmaka naata king cole paryatanalo unnappudu alabaamaaloni birminghamlo daadi cheyabaddaadu. oka kkke mariyu council sabhyudu byron dii laa beckwith, mississippilo nockp adhipati medger evarsnu hatya chesaadu.
udaaharanaku, montgomeri, alabamalo, montgomeri bassu bahishkarana samayamlo, senator james eastland garrett kolisiyamlo bahirangamgaa jarigina pedda council samavesamlo "naakpku vyatiraekamgaa ninaadaalu chesaaru", teevramaina jaathi tellajati pourula mandalini bahirangamgaa samarthinche oka mymograph flyer mariyu kuu clucks clan abhiprayalu pampinhee cheyabaddaayi. daani vaakchaaturyamu swaatantrya prakatana yokka anukaranah maanava sanghatanala samayamlo, neegro jaatini raddu cheyadam avasaramainappudu, saraina paddhatulanu upayoginchaali. veetilo tupaakulu, villu mariyu baanaalu, sling shotlu mariyu kattulu unnaayi.swetajaateeyulandaruu konni hakkulatho samanamga srushtinchabaddaarani eee satyaalu spashtamgaa unnayani memu nammutunnamu; veetilo jeevitam, swechcha mariyu chanipoyina niggerla anveshana unnaayi.
poura mandallu vargeekarana mariyu oating hakkulaku maddatu istunna african americanlaku, alaage NAACP sabhyuluga unna african americanlaku, mariyu vaaru kaaryakartalugaa anumaaninchina african americanlaku vyatiraekamgaa aardhika vyuuhaalanu upayoginchaayi. eee viewhalalo nallajati pourula tanakhaalanu "pilavadam", runaalu mariyu vyapara runaalanu tiraskarinchadam, kontamandi vyaktulanu tolaginchamani yajamaanulanu ottidi cheyadam mariyu nallajati yaajamaanyamloni vyapaaraalanu bahishkarinchadam vantivi unnaayi. konni nagarallo, aardhika prateekaaraanni prothsahinchadaaniki, mandalulu sthaanika vaartaapatrikalalo nock maddatudaarulu mariyu vibhajana vyatiraeka petitionlapy santakam chesina vaari paerla jaabitaalanu prachurinchaayi. udaaharanaku, thampson misisipeelooni yaajuu nagaramlo, pourula mandali paatasaala ekikarana kosam petitionpy santakam chesina 53 mandhi vyaktula paerlanu sthaanika patrikalo prachurinchindi. aaa tarvaata ventane petitionerlu tama udyogaalanu kolpoyi, vaari creditnu nilipivesaaru. charless payne cheppinatlugaa, "yathaathatha sthithiki muppuga bhaavinche nalupu ledhaa telupu evarikainaa vyatiraekamgaa aardhika prateekaara alalanu vippadam" dwara councils nirvahinchabadutunnaayi. vaari lakshyaalalo upaadhyaayulu, raitulu, unnata paatasaala mariyu kalaasaala vidyaarthulu, dukaana yajamaanulu mariyu gruhinulu vanti nallajati nipunulu unnaaru.
jaateeya sthaayilo nock kosam medger everse chesina modati paniloo tellajati pourula mandalulache bedirinchabadina mississippianlanu interview cheyadam mariyu avasaramaite mandalulaku vyatiraekamgaa saakshyamgaa upayoginchadaaniki afidavitlanu siddham cheyadam unnaayi. unnaayi swethajaatheeyula mandali sabhyudu byron dii laa beckwith mariyu kuu clucks clan chetha everse hatya cheyabaddaadu. cheyabaddaadu jarigina beckwith yokka rendu vichaaranalalo pourula mandali athani chattaparamaina kharchulanu chellinchindi, rendinti phalitamgaa uri nyaayanirnaetalu erpaddaaru. erpaddaaru, bekvitnu kotta saakshyaala aadhaaramgaa mississippi rashtram vichaarinchindi, kontavaraku jackson clarian ledger sudeergha daryaaptu dwara velladaindi; athanu modati-sthaayi hatyaku doshigaa nirdhaarinchabaddaadu mariyu jeevita khaidu vidhinchabadindi.
raajakeeya prabhavam.
aneka mandhi pramukha rashtra, sthaanika raajakeeya nayakulu mandalulalo sabhyuluga unnaaru; konni rashtraallo, idhi rashtra saasanasabhalapai samsthaku apaaramaina prabhavanni ichindi. raashtramlo pettubadulanu prothsahinchadaaniki mariyu daani praja pratishtanu prothsahinchadaaniki, mississippilo, rashtra saarvabhoumatva commission sthaapinchabadindi. rashtra nivaasitulandaruu chellinchina pannula dwara nidhulu samakuurchinappatikii, idhi vaerpaatuvaada pourula mandalulaku nidhulanu manjuru chesindi, konni samvatsaraalalo $50,000 varaku andinchindi. eee rashtra agency thana rahasya pooliisu-rakam parisoedhanalu mariyu ekikarana kaaryakartala nigha dwara sekarinchina samacharanni kooda mandalulatho panchukundi. udaaharanaku, daa. emm. nee villiams pourula mandaliki director mariyu mississippi governor raas barnetku salahadaruga unnaaru.
barnet, jackson mayer allen sii. kooda council sabhyudiga unnaaru. thampson. thampson, city bassulalo seetla ekikarana koorutuu bassu bahishkarana madhyalo, alabaamaaloni montgomery city kamishanlooni mugguru sabhyulu taamu pourula mandalilo cherinatlu televisionlo prakatinchaaru.
numan bartley ilaa vraasaadu, "louisianalo poura mandali samstha vibajananu konasaaginchadaaniki ummadi saasana kamitee yokka anchanaga praarambhamaindi (mariyu chaalaa varaku migilipoyindi)."louisianalo, asalu pourula mandali naayakulalo rashtra senator mariyu governor abhyardhi vilium emm unnaaru. reneach, yuu.ess. pratinidhi jooe dii. wagner juuniyar.prachuranakarta ned touchstone, mariyu nyaayamuurti leander perez, plackwemines mariyu seyint yokka raajakeeya basga pariganinchabaddaaru. nyuu orleans sameepamlo bernard paarishlu.
juulai 16,1956naa, "tellajati pourula mandalula ottiditoe", louisiana rashtra saasanasabha praja jeevitamlooni daadaapu prati amsamlo jaathi vibajananu tappanisari chestu oka chattanni aamodinchindi; vibhajanalo ekkuva bhaagam ippatike zim kaaki aacharam kinda undhi. eee billu 1956 juulai 16naa governor earl long chetha chattamgaa santakam cheyabadi 1956 october 15naa amaluloki vachindi.
aaa charyalo kontha bhaagam ilaa undih
anni jaatyaantara nrutyaalu, saamaajika karyakramalu, vinodaalu, athletic sikshana, atalu, kreedalu ledhaa pootiilu mariyu itara karyakalapalanu nishedhinche chattam; telupu mariyu negros kosam pratyeka seating mariyu itara soukaryaalanu andinchadam [asalu loe chinna cases]... vyaktulu, samsthalu mariyu kaarporeshanlandaruu tama niyantranalo unna praamganamloo spaansar cheyadam, erpaatu cheyadam, palgonadam ledhaa anumatinchadam nishedhinchabaddaayi... paalgonevaaru tellajati mariyu neegro jaatula sabhyulu ayina vyaktigata mariyu saamaajika samparkamtho kuudina karyakalapalu... neegro jaathi sabhyula kosam erpaatu chesina seating erpaatlu mariyu paarisuddhya ledhaa itara soukaryaalalo yea bhaagamlo koorchovadam ledhaa upayoginchadam nundi tellajati vyaktulu nishedhinchabaddaaru. neegro vyaktulu tellajati vyaktula kosam erpaatu chesina seating erpaatlu mariyu paarisuddhya ledhaa itara soukaryaalalo yea bhaagamlo koorchovadam ledhaa upayoginchadam nishedhinchabadindi.
tellajati pourula mandalula vanti samuuhaala nundi georg valesku labhinchina maddatunu pradhana media samsthalu gamaninchaayi. atuvanti samuuhaala sabhyulu 1968 natiki valles prachaaramlo chochukupoyarani, valles bahirangamgaa vaari maddatunu koranappatiki, athanu daanini tiraskarinchaledani gamaninchabadindi.

