
enugu vakrarekha

enugu vakrarekha, dheenini "lockner-milanovic" graph ledhaa "prapancha vruddhi sambhavam vakrarekha" anie kooda pilustaaru, idhi vividha aadaaya samuuhaalaku chendina vyaktula aadaaya vruddhi asamaana pampineeni vivarinche graph. asalu graph 2013loe prachurinchabadindi mariyu 1988 nundi 2008 varaku sambhavinchina aadaaya vruddhiloo maarpunu vivaristundi. graph yokka x aksham prapancha aadaaya pampinhee saataalanu chooputundi. y aksham anedi aadaayamlo sanchita vruddhi retunu chooputundi. graph nundi pondagalige pradhana mugimpu emitante, prapanchamlooni agra 1 saatam mandhi aadaayamlo 60 saatam perugudalanu anubhavinchagaa, prapancha madhyataragati aadaayam 70 nundi 80 saatam perigindi.
charitra.
prapancha aadaaya pampineeh berlin goda patanam nundi goppa maandyam varaku" anae pedda vyaasamlo bhaagamgaa 2013loe christophe lockner mariyu branco milanovic eee graphnu modata prachurinchaaru. lockner mariyu milanovic jaateeya gruha sarvela nundi vachhe aadaayam gurinchi samacharam yokka databasenu srushtinchadam dwara prapancha aadaaya asamaanata adhyayananni meruguparachadaaniki prayatninchaaru. eee samacharam nundi, vaaru tama phalitaalanu vivarinchadaaniki aneka graphlanu srushtinchaaru, vaatilo okadaanni vaaru jicks ledhaa vruddhi sambhavam vakratalu anie pilustaaru. lockner mariyu milanovic vividha praantaalaku mariyu vividha kaala vyavadhulaku vruddhi sambhavam vakrarekhalanu srushtinchaaru, conny baga telisina graphnu "prapancha vruddhi sambhavam vakrarekha" anie pilustaaru. eee vakrarekha yokka pani prapancheekarana prapancha aadaaya vruddhi pampineeni elaa sanukoolamgaa ledhaa pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitam chesindo choopinchadam anie vaaru paerkonnaaru. lanker mariyu milanovic modatlo eee graphnu prapancha vruddhi sambhavam vakrarekhagaa paerkonnaaru, conny taruvaata dheenini enugu vakrarekha anie pilustaaru. lockner mariyu milanovic prapancha vruddhi sambhavam vakrarekhanu "oka pratyaekamaina supain aakaram, chaalaa paina mariyu madhyalo laabhaalato" gaa abhivarninchaaru.
vivarana.
enugu sariiramlooni side profilenu pooli unnanduna enugu vakrarekhaku paeru pettaru. janabhalo diguva 10 saatam praatinidhyam vahinche rekha prarambham, y-aksham meeda takkuvagaa praarambhamavutundi, aapai enugu thokanu suuchistuu paiki paiki paiki lestundi. akkada nundi 50va saatamu varaku, enugu yokka mondemnu soochinche rekha paiki vangi untundi. 50 saatam nundi 60 saatam varaku varusalo oka padunaina spike untundi, idhi enugu talanu suuchistumdi. 60 saatam nundi 80 saatam varaku enugu trunk yokka diguva vaaluni pooli unde padunaina diguva vakrata untundi. 80 saatam nundi 100% varaku oka paiki vampu untundi, idhi enugu trunk yokka paiki vampuni suuchistumdi. trunk yokka 99 saatam nundi 100% vibhaagaaniki kooda gananeeyamgaa padunaina paiki kadalika undhi. asalu graph kooda 24.34% vadda kshitija samaantara rekhanu kaligi undhi, idhi eee samayamlo prapancha sagatu vruddhi retunu suuchistumdi.
aadaaya asamaanatapai prapancheekarana prabhaavaaniki sambandhinchi enugu vakrarekha nundi naalugu pradhana teermaanaalu teesukovachhu. graph yokka chivari bhaagamtho praarambhinchi, gatha rendu dasaabdaalalo prapanchamlooni atyanta paedha pourulu prapancheekarana perugudala nundi daadaapu etuvanti prayojanaalanu anubhavinchaledu. idhi paedha deshaalalo, mukhyamgaa upa-sahara aafrikaaloni deshaalalo sambhavinchina takkuva vruddhini pratibimbistumdi. graph yokka madhya vibhagam, 10 va saatam nundi 50 va saatam varaku, prapancha madhyataragatini suuchistumdi. janabhalo eee vibhaagamlo sambhavinche perugudala okappudu chaina ledhaa bharatadesam vanti "abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaalu" gaa pariganinchabade aneka deshaala vegavantamaina vruddhini pratibimbistumdi. enugu yokka trunk yokka diguva vaaluni pooli unde padunaina diguva vakrata eguva-madhyataragatini suuchistumdi. 1988 mariyu 2008 madhya samvatsaraalalo prapancheekarana phalitamgaa eee taragati vaetanaalaloo takkuva ledhaa etuvanti vruddhini anubhavinchaledu. chivaraga, enugu trunk konanu pooli unde graph yokka paiki vaalu bhaagam paina perkonna samvatsaraala prapancheekarana phalitamgaa adbhutamaina vruddhini anubhavinchina prapancha unnatavargaalanu suuchistumdi. eee prapancha unnatavargaalalo, agra 1 saataaniki chendina vaaru aadaaya vruddhiloo gananeeyamaina perugudalanu kaligi unnaaru, idhi graph srushtikartalato sahaa chaalaa mandhi, prapancheekarana kaaranamgaa modati 1 saataanni aadaaya vruddhiki "vijaetalu" gaa bhaavinchadaaniki daariteesindi.
gurtinchadagina anusaranalu.
2013loe enugu vakrarekha srushtinchabadinappati nundi, vividha paddhatula dwara prapancha aadaaya asamaanatanu vivarinchadaaniki aneka anuvartita samskaranalu srushtinchabaddaayi. oka anusarananu 2018loe alvaredo fakundo, lucas chamsel, thamus picketty, emmanuel sage mariyu gabriel jukeman roopondinchaaru. vaari enugu graph lockner-milanovic graph nundi rendu pradhana margallo bhinnamgaa untundi. modata, vakrarekha yokka eee samskarana gruha sarvela nundi samaachaaraaniki badulugaa prapancha asamaanata database nundi asamaanata ganaamkaalanu upayoginchindi. sampanna vyaktula nijamaina aadaayaanni sangrahinchadamlo sarvelu paelavamaina pani chestayani, vaaru vividha deshaalalo ekareetigaa laerani, prapancha asamaanata database nundi vacchina anchanaalu eee aandolanalanu sarichestaayani vaaru vishwasinchaaru. asalu namuunaa nundi rendava maarpu emitante, eee anusarana 1988 nundi 2008 varaku kakunda 1980 nundi 2016 varaku daetaanu vislaeshistumdi. asalu graph maadirigaane, vislaeshimchadaaniki eee samvatsaraalanu enchukoovadaaniki kaaranam pradhanamgaa dayta labhyata. enugu vakrarekha yokka eee roopam nundi teesukunna pradhana mugimpu emitante, iteevali dasaabdaalalo, prapancha janabhalo agra 1 saatam diguva 50 saatamtoe poliste aadaayamlo rettimpu vruddhini saadhinchindi.
enugu vakrarekhaku kaaranaalu.
1800la chivaralo mariyu 1900la praarambhamlo, graameena praantaallo vyavasaya pani nundi pattana praantaallo private ranga paniki parivartana jarigindi. eee pattaneekarana kaalam parivartana praarambhamlo asamaanata garishta sthaayiki peragadaaniki kaaranamaindi, taruvaata parivartana kaalam mugimpulo nemmadigaa daani atyalpa sthaayiki padipoyindi. asamaanata perigindi endukante private rangaaniki vellevaaru private ranga udyogamto nagaramlo dhanavanthulu avutaaru, ayithe vyavasaya rangam stabdamgaa undipoyindi. parivartana mugisina tarvaata, asamaanata daani atyalpa sthaayiki cherukundi, endukante vruddhi yokka chivari dasalu puurtayyaayi mariyu prati okkaroo utpatti cheyabadina sampadalo panchukuntunnaru.
1937 mariyu 1944 madhya asamaanata kramamga ksheeninchindi, taruvaata 1950la nundi 1970la varaku sthiramgaa undipoyindi. modati mariyu rendava prapancha yuddhalu, yuddhaalaku aardhika sahayam cheyadaaniki dhanavanthulapai pedda pannulu, saamyavaada udyamaalu mariyu kaarmika sanghaala aavirbhavam, praja vidya yokka bhaarii sthaayi mariyu sraamikasaktiloo mahilala ekkuva bhagaswamyam kaaranamgaa eee sthirathvam cherukundi. eee kaalamlo asamaanatalu nilichipooyaayi ledhaa padipoyayi kabatti eee kaalanni "goppa prapanchamlo goppa sthaayi" gaa paerkonnaaru.
aaa samayamlo asamaanatanu takkuvagaa unchadamlo rendu prapancha yuddhalu chaalaa pedda karakalu. asamaanatanu taggistuu, rendu sangharshanhalaku aardhika sahayam cheyadaaniki dhanavanthulaku prabhutvaalu bhaareega pannu vidhinchevi. yuddhaala taruvaata, merugaina vetanam mariyu pani paristhitulanu demand chestu, kaarmikulaku marinta adhikaram ivvadam mariyu asamaanatanu tagginchadam vanti marinni saamyavaada udyamaalu mariyu kaarmika sanghaalu udbhavinchaayi. prabhutva vidyalo bhaarii sthaayi vidyaarthulaku merugaina udyogaalu pondadaaniki aneka avakaasaalanu andinchindi. merugaina vidyaavantulu merugaina vetanam gala udyogaalanu pondutaaru, idhi chaalaa mandiki asamaanatanu taggistundi. chivaraga, sraamikasaktiloo mahilala ekkuva bhagaswamyam mahilalaku ekkuva pani cheyadaaniki mariyu vaari swantha sampadanu srushtinchadaaniki veelu kalpinchindi.
1970laloe asamaanatalu gatini marchai mariyu prapanchavyaaptamgaa aneka pradaesaalaloo peragadam praarambhinchaayi. united stateslo pragatiseela pannula raddu, united kingdamlo aucher vidhanalu, soviet union yokka parivartana annee eee kaalamlo asamaanata perugudalalo oka paatra poeshistaayi. russialo agrashreni unnatavargaalu teevra vruddhi retunu kaligi undagaa, diguva 50 saatam aadaayaalu padipoyayi. idhi rashyaalooni communistu vyavastha nundi, agrashreni vargaala aadaayaalanu parimitam cheyani market aardhika vyavastha vaipu maarpunu pratibimbistumdi. 1970la nundi mariyu "dhanika prapanchamlo" perugutunna asamaanatanu manam chushamu, mariyu eee dhorani konasaagutundani aardhikavettalu anchanaa vestunnaru. vruddhi yokka adhunaatana dasalalo, asamaanata raetlu rikaardu sthaayilo perugutuunae unnaayi. oka desham abhivruddhi chendutunna koddi, migilina janabha saapekshamgaa stabdamgaa undadamtho daani agra 1 saatam marinta dhanavantulavutaru. unnatavargaalu vruddhi yokka anni prayojanaalanu pondutundagaa, saadhaarana janabha konni prayojanaalanu pondutondi.
global north verses global south.
aardhika abhivruddhi aalochana, idhi adhika jeevana pramaanaala vaipu janabha kadalikanu vivaristundi, idhi 18va sataabdamloo paschima airopa paarisraamikeekaranhatho praarambhamaindi, ayithe, panditulu rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata vividha deshaala madhya abhivruddhilo vyatyaasaanni matrame vislaeshimchadam praarambhinchaaru. prapancha deshaala madhya abhivruddhilo vyatyaasaanni vislaeshimchadam valla rendu prapancha aardhika vyavasthalu unnayani, okati prapancha uttara aardhika vyavastha, marokati prapancha dakshina aardhika vyavastha anae avagahanaku daariteesindi. global north airopa mariyu uttara americalo kanipinche sampannamaina mariyu marinta "aardhikamgaa abhivruddhi chendina" deshaalanu vivaristundi.
dheeniki viruddhamgaa, prapancha dakshina bharatadesam, chaina, brazil, mexico mariyu aafrikaaloni deshaalu vanti chaaritraatmakamgaa abhivruddhi chendani deshaalugaa vargeekarinchabadina deshaalanu vivaristundi. sampada mariyu aadaaya asamaanata anedi prapancha uttara mariyu prapancha dakshina deshaalaku oka savaluga unnappatikee, enugu vakrarekha eee deshaala madhya aadaaya asamaanatalo vyatyaasaalaku manchi praatinidhyaanni andistundi. enugu vakrarekhalo puurtigaa bandhinchabadani oka mukhyamaina vishayam emitante, prapanchamlooni uttaraadi pourulu praarambhamlo prapanchamlooni sampadalo ekkuva bhaganni kaligi unnanduna, prapancha dakshinaadi pourulatho poliste, aadaaya asamaanata deshaalanu vibhina margallo prabhaavitam chesindi, graph yokka paina perkonna vibhagalalo chudavachu. chaaritraatmakamgaa, prapancha uttara deshaalu prapancha dakshina deshaalanu aardhikamgaa dopidi chesaayi, idhi nedu deshaala madhya kanipinche sampada asamaanatalapai shaashwata prabhavanni choopindi. enugu vakrarekha anedi eee roeju prapancha dakshinaana unna deshaalapai eee dopidi prabhavam chuuputunna vidhananni suuchistumdi, udaaharanaku aafrikaaloni aneka deshaalalo jarugutunna takkuva vruddhi, prapancha uttara deshaala valasavaadam yokka vaarasatvam kaaranamgaa ippatikee aardhikamgaa venukabadi undhi.
vakrarekha yokka vibhagalu.
diguva 50 saatam.
enugu vakrarekha janabhalo diguva 15 saatam chaalaa takkuva aadaaya vruddhini choopistundi. diguva 15 saatam mandhi paedha deshaalalo atyanta paedha prajalu. kevalam vaari paristhiti kaaranamgaa vaariki vruddhi chendadaaniki mariyu sampadanu pondadaaniki chaalaa avakaasaalu labhinchavu. vaariki sampadanu utpatti cheyadaaniki avakaasaalu chaalaa takkuvagaa untaayi, kabatti vaari aadaayam saapekshamgaa nischalamgaa untundi, ayithe, vaariki avakaasam labhiste, vaaru tama sampadanu pedda mottamlo penchukovacchu. eee prajalu prapancheekarana yokka prayojanaalanu anubhavincharu endukante prapancha aardhika vyavasthalo paalgonadaaniki vaariki sampada ledhu. 
15 saatam nundi 50 saatam varaku saadhaaranamgaa abhivruddhi chendina deshaalalo diguva mariyu madhyataragati vargaalaku praatinidhyam vahistundi. aadaaya vruddhi 15 saatam nundi 20 saataaniki takkuvagaa undi kramamga 40 saataaniki perugutundi. abhivruddhi chendina deshaalalo unna avakaasaala kaaranamgaa idhi jarigindi. diguva mariyu madhyataragati vargaalaku merugaina pani mariyu abhivruddhi chendani deshaalalo prajalaku andubaatulo laeni itara avakaasaala dwara vaari sampadanu penche saamarthyam undhi. 
agra 10 saatam vataa entha ekkuvagaa unte, diguva 50 saatam vataa antha takkuvagaa untundani choopabadindi. unnata vargaalu tama sampadanu penchukuntunnanduna, adhi diguva mariyu madhyataragati vargaala kharchutho untundi.
madhya 40 saatam.
alvaredo mariyu itarulu.enugu vakrarekha yokka punah aavishkarana, prapancha madhya 40 saatam aadaaya paridhi 1980 nundi 2016 varaku 43 saatam aadaaya vruddhini kaligi undhi (top 9 saatam mariyu top 1 saatamtoe poliste chudandi).
top 10 saatam.
alvaredo mariyu itarulu.enugu vakrarekha yokka punaruddharana, prapanchamlooni agra 10 saatam aadaaya paridhi 1980 nundi 2016 varaku 70 saatam aadaaya vruddhini kaligi undhi. (madhya 40 saatam, mariyu agra 1 saatamtoe poliste chudandi). modati 10 saatam aadaayam pradhanamgaa labhalu, dividendlu ledhaa adde vanti vanarula nundi vastundi, takkuva aadaaya brocketla vanti vaetanaala nundi kaadu. tatphalitamgaa, modati 10 saatam mandhi vaetanaalu tagginappudu, adhi vaari swantha laabhaalanu penchutundi, mariyu diguva brocketlalo unnavaari aadaayaanni taggistundi; vaariki viloma sambandham untundi.
1 saatam.
alvaredo mariyu itarulu.enugu vakrarekhanu tirigi kanugonappudu, 1 saatam aadaaya paridhi 1980 nundi 2016 varaku 101% aadaaya vruddhini kaligi undhi. adanamgaa, agrashreni 0.001% prapanchavyaaptamgaa 235% aadaaya vruddhi retunu kaligi undhi. (madhya 40 saatam, mariyu agra 9 saatamtoe polchithe chudandi). vachhe 30 ellalo prapanchamlooni agra 1 saatam prapancha aadaaya vataa sumaru 25 saatam perugutundani, diguva 50 saatam vataa kevalam 9 saatam matrame perugutundani bhaavistunnaaru. antey, agra 1 saatam madhya 40 saatam kante rettimpu kante ekkuva sampaadistunnaaru, anduvalla, mottam 1 saatam mottam madhya 40-50% mottam kante rettimpu kante ekkuva sampada mariyu aadaayaanni kaligi undhi, idhi sumaru 50 retlu pedda samuuham. duradrushtavasaattu, chaalaa aardhika adhyayanalu raboye 30 samvatsaraalalo eee asamaanata raetlaloo maarpuku chotu ledani suuchistunnaayi.
chaina mariyu bharatadesam yokka niyantrananu tholaginchadamtho paatu reegan-thatcher viplavam (reganism mariyu thatcherism chudandi) 1 saatam aardhika visphotanaaniki anumatinchabaddaayi. vidhanalu mariyu samsthalu mukhyamainavi" anae amsaanni idhi vivaristundi...] perugutunna asamaanatanu prapancheekarana ledhaa saanketika maarpu yokka yaantrika, nirnayaatmaka parinaamgaa chudalemu, endukante chaalaa aardhika namuunaalu 
asamaanata yokka itara mukhyamaina charyalu.
gini suuchika.
gini suuchika anedi aadaaya asamaanataku oka saadhaarana kolata. oka desham kosam (nagaram, rashtram modalainavi).), vaari gini suuchika 0 nundi 1 varaku untundi. paripuurna samaanatvam 0 kii samanam mariyu paripuurna asamaanata 1 kii samanam. idhi lorenz vakrarekha mariyu paripuurna aadaaya samaanatvam pampinhee viluva madhya vyatyaasam aadhaaramgaa lekkinchabadutundi.
lorenz vakrarekha.
lorenz vakrarekha anedi aardhikavettalu saadhaaranamgaa upayoginche aadaaya asamaanata yokka drushya praatinidhyam. x-aksham meeda janabhalo sanchita saataanni, y-aksham meeda sanchita aadaaya nishpattini chuupadam dwara idhi geeyabadutundi.

