
gruha bhoomi

gruha bhoomi anedi anni maajee saamyavaada deshaalalo sis mariyu seelo chattabaddhamgaa nirvachinchabadina vyavasaya rakam. idhi graameena nivaasaaniki anusandhaaninchabadina oka chinna bhoomi (saadhaaranamgaa daani kante takkuva). gruha bhoomini pradhanamgaa jeevanaadhaaram kosam saagu chestaaru mariyu soviet kaalam nundi daani saampradaaya uddesyam kutumbaaniki aaharaanni andinchadam. inti bhoomi nundi migulu utpattulanu poruguvaariki, bandhuvulaku mariyu tarachugaa sameepamloni pattanaallooni raitu marketlalo kooda vikrayistaaru. soviet yugamlo anumatinchabadina ekaika private ledhaa kutumba vyavasayam gruha bhoomi, graameena prajala gruha bhoomulu pedda saamuuhika mariyu rashtra polaalatoe sahajeevana sambandhamlo sahajeevanam chesinappudu. 1990 nundi, gruha bhoomulu vyaktigata vyavasaya rangam yokka rendu bhagalalo okatigaa vargeekarinchabaddaayi, marokati raitu polaalu-saadhaaranamgaa vyavasaya bhuumilooni chaalaa pedda praantaalalo vaanijya utpatti kosam sthaapinchabadina swatantra kutumba polaalu. chattaparamaina samstha paramgaa, gruha sthalaalu sahaja (bhouthika) vyaktulu, ayithe raitu polaalu saadhaaranamgaa chattaparamaina (nyaayaparamaina) vyaktulu.
paerlu.
gruha sthalaalanu russian anubandha (ledhaa sahayaka) gruha sthalaalu-litchney podsobni hojyastwa anie pilustaaru, veetini vraatapuurvakamgaa mariyu prasangamlo λph (lipyantareekaranah lpkh) gaa sankshipteekaristaaru. vaatini tarachugaa (mukhyamgaa adhikaarika ganaanka prachuranalalo) χογίyystvá násseleníya (), i anie kooda suuchistaaru.ii.graameena nivaasitula plaatlu (ledhaa polaalu) (ikkada "graameena nivaasitulu" anae padaanni vaarini raitu raitula nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki upayogistaaru). eee russian paribhasha 1990la prarambham varaku anni maajee soviet deshaalalo vishwavyaaptamgaa aamodinchabadindi, conny kotta swatantra rashtraalalo oka nirdishta paribhasha vaividhyam udbhavinchindi. udaaharanaku, uzbekistanlo saampradaaya gruha bhoomulanu ippudu dehcon polaalu anie pilustaaru mariyu ukreyinlo russian sankshipteekarana λph sthaanamlo osg (ukrain nundih "osobisti seliansky hospodarsta") nuu upayoginchaaru.
charitra.
jarrist russialo, eee sthalam ("usadba") saadhaaranamgaa raitu inti prakkane undedi. ikkada raitulu saampradayakamgaa kuuragaayalu, janapanara (chamuru mariyu pasuvula metaku muulam) mariyu koddigaa pandlanu pandinchevaaru. thotalu parimaanamlo vaividhyamgaa untaayi; avi hectaruku (21⁄2 ekaraalu) varaku undavacchu, conny chaalaa varaku chinnaviga undevi. eee bhoomi saadhaaranamgaa inti vamsapaaramparya padaveekaalamlo undedi, mariyu tirigi vibhajinchabadadu (bahiranga maidaanaallo raitula bhoomula maadirigaa kakunda).
19va sataabdam chivaralo madhya rashyaalooni pattanaalu mariyu nagaraala perugudala eee praantamloo market thotapani mariyu truck vyavasayam abhivruddhini prothsahinchindi. viplavam mundugaane udyaanavana aardhika vyavastha vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutondi. viplavam modati samvatsaraallo raitu utpattulanu koradam anae bolshevik vidhanam dwara marinta uddeepana andinchabadindi. pandlu mariyu kuuragaayalanu eee vidhanam nundi minahaayinchaaru, dheeni phalitamgaa dhanyam saagu nundi vantagadi mariyu market thotapani vaipu balamaina oopu vachindi. dhanyam utpatti chese praantaalalo (nalla-bhoomi belt mariyu uttara kakasia) thota aardhika vyavastha 1913loe 3.3 saatam nundi 1920loe 12.2% kuu perigindi, adhe kaalamlo kshetra aardhika vyavastha 62.6% nundi 39.3% kii padipoyindi. 1920laloe market thotapani abhivruddhi konasaagindi.
1930 janavari saamuuhika saamuuhika decree thota sthalaala gurinchi prastaavinchaledu, mariyu aneka praantaalalo sthaanika communistu adhikarulu vaatini raddu chesaaru. conny 1930 maarchilo, sarvavyaapta udyamam valla erpadina gandaragolam mariyu raitula pratighatana taruvaata, vyaktigata kutranu kaligi undataaniki raitu hakku gurtinchabadindi. ayithe, eee dasalo garishta parimaanam angeekarinchabadaledu, mariyu 1935 fibravari naati kolkhoj modal charter varaku thota sthalam chattaparamaina sandigdhatalo undipoyindi.
pratyeka jillaala nundi mariyu vaati varaku plaatlu maaravacchani eee charter perkondi. eee chattam vyaktigata raitulanu holderlugaa pariganinchindi, conny aacharanalo plaatlu ippatikee gruha padaveekaalamlo undevi. vyavasaya utpattilo gananeeyamaina bhaagaaniki private plaatlu baadhyata vahinchaayi, mariyu raitulaku vaari aaharam mariyu aadaayamlo ekkuva bhaganni andinchaayi. 1938loe vaaru vyavasaya utpattullo 12.5% nuu kaligi unnaaru. sagatu raitu kutumbam saamuuhika bhoomipai daani pani nundi kante private bhoomi nundi marketing nundi rendu retlu ekkuva sampaadinchindi.
1930la chivari natiki, private sthalaanni daani sthaavaramgaa kaligi unna market thotapani, nalla samudram lothattu praantaalalo mariyu masco mariyu leningrad vanti pedda nagaraala chuttoo unna truck thotapani praantaalalo vyavasaayamlo aadhipatya bhaagamgaa maarindi. eee 'private pettubadidaarii vidhanam punarujjeevanam' thoo prabhutvam aandolana chendhi, 1939loe daanini niyantrinchadaaniki chattanni aamodinchindi, conny adhi vyavasaayamlo mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchadam konasaaginchindi.

