
baltic germanlu

baltic germanlu (ledhaa, taruvaata) baltic samudram yokka thoorpu tiiraalaloo jaathi german nivaasulu, nedu estonia mariyu latvia. 1939loe vaari balavantapu punaravasam nundi, baltic germanlu bhougolikamgaa nirnayinchabadina jaathi samuuhamgaa gananeeyamgaa ksheeninchaaru. ayithe, latvia mariyu estonialo ippatikee konni rakaala (baltic) german gurtimputoe aneka vaela mandhi prajalu nivasistunnaarani anchanaa.
madhya yugaala nundi, sthaanika german-matladevaru ekkuva mandhi vyaapaarulu mariyu mataadhikaarulanu yerparachukunnaru, mariyu sthaanika bhuswamulalo ekkuva mandhi sthaanika latvian mariyu estonian kaani pramukhulapai samarthavantamgaa paalaka varganni yerparacharu. 19va sataabdamloo oka pratyaekamaina baltic german jaathi gurtimpu udbhavinchadam praarambhamayye samayaniki, sweeya-gurtimpu baltic germanlalo ekkuva mandhi pattana mariyu vruttiparamaina madhyataragati vargaaniki chendina vaaru.
12va mariyu 13va sataabdaalaloo, catholic german vyaapaarulu mariyu crusaderlu ("chudandi") thoorpu baltic bhoobhagalalo sthirapadatam praarambhinchaaru. latin ksheenatatoo, adhikaarika patraalu, vaanijyam, vidya mariyu prabhutvaalalo german bhasha aadhipatya bhashaga maarindi. baltic germanlu, transylvania, romenia nundi transylvanian saxonlu mariyu slovakia mariyu romenia (spis maramures mariyu bukovina) rendintikee chendina jipsar germanlu madhya mariyu thoorpu airopaloni german pravaasula yokka moodu puraatana german matlade mariyu jaathi german samoohaalalo okati.
madhyayuga catholic sthiranivaasulu mariyu vaari german matlade vaarasulu madhyayuga livonialoni sthaanika pattanaallo nivasinchaaru. ayithe, oka chinna sampanna unnatavargam baltic prabhuvulanu yerparuchukuni, pedda graameena estatelanu sampaadinchindi. goppa uttara yuddham (1700-1721) taruvaata sweeden thana livonian bhuubhaagaalanu russian saamraajyaaniki appaginchinappudu, eee german matlade kuleenulalo chaalaa mandhi russian saamrajyam yokka sainika, raajakeeya mariyu poura jeevitamlo, mukhyamgaa daani rajadhani nagaram seyint petersberglo unnata sthaanaalanu chepattadam praarambhinchaaru. 1918loe estonia mariyu latvia swaatantryam saadhinche varaku chaalaa mandhi baltic germanlu russian saamrajyam yokka pourulu. aaa taruvaata, chaalaa mandhi baltic germanlu 1939loe soviet dandayaatra mariyu 1940loe estonia mariyu latvia aakramanaku mundu, naajii germanyki balavantamgaa punaravasam pondhe varaku estonian ledhaa latvian pourasatvaanni kaligi unnaaru.
baltic german janabha mottam janabhalo 10 saataaniki minchi ennadoo minchaledu. 1881loe russia baltic provinceulalo 180,000 baltic germanlu unnaaru, conny 1914 natiki eee sankhya 162,000kuu taggindi. 1881loe estonialo sumaru 46,700 mandhi germanlu (janabhalo 5.3%) unnaaru. 1897 naati russian saamraajya janabha lekkala prakaram, latvialo 120,191 mandhi germanlu ledhaa janabhalo 6.2% mandhi unnaaru.
molotov-ribbentrop oppandam mariyu tadupari naajii-soviet janabha badileelapai santakam chesina taruvaata, 1939 chivarilo balticlo baltic german uniki samarthavantamgaa mugimpuku daggaragaa vachindi. naajii germany eee karyakramam kinda daadaapu anni baltic germanlanu kottagaa erpadina mariyu danzig-west prussia (aakramita rendava polish republic bhoobhaagamlo) loki tirigi sthiraparichindi. 1945loe, chaalaa mandhi jaatiparamaina germanlanu soviet sainyam eee bhoomula nundi bahishkarinchindi. patsdam samavesamlo prakatinchina sarihaddu maarpula nibandhanala prakaram germanyki migilina bhuubhaagaaniki punaravasam pranaalika cheyabadindi, antey.ii. oder-nees lineku paschimaana, ledhaa prapanchamlo marekkadaina.
thoorpu prussia mariyu lithuveniaku chendina jaathi germanlanu konnisaarlu saamskrutika, bhasha mariyu chaaritraka sambandhaala kaaranaala valla baltic germanlugaa tappugaa pariganistaaru. thoorpu prashyaalooni germanlu prashyan pourulugaa unnaaru, 1871 taruvaata, vaaru nivasinchina bhuubhaagam prashya raajyamlo bhaagamgaa unnanduna german pourasatvam kaligi unnaaru.
jaathi kuurpu.
baltic germanlu puurtigaa german jaathi samuuham kaadu. prarambha crusaderlu, vyaapaarulu mariyu hastakalaakaarulu tarachugaa sthaanika mahilalanu vivaham chesukunnaru, endukante german mahilalu andubaatulo laeru. livens vanti konni kuleena kutumbaalu, sthaanika adhipatula nundi atuvanti mahilala dwara santativaarani cheppukunnayi. livonian yuddham samayamlo chaalaa mandhi german livonian-arder sainikulu maraninchaaru. kotta german rakapokalu eee praantaaniki vachayi. eee samayamlo asalu sthiranivaasula yokka takkuva german ("plattduch") kramamga kotta sthiranivaasula yokka unnata german ("hoachduech") chetha bharti cheyabadindi.
vaari 700 samvatsaraala charitralo, baltic german kutumbaalu jaathi german muulaalanu kaligi unnaayi, conny estonianlu, livonianlu mariyu latvianlatho paatu itara uttara ledhaa madhya european prajalatho, danes, sweeden, airish, inglish, scots, poles, hangeriyanlu mariyu dutch vanti vaaritho kooda vistrutamgaa vivaham chesukunnaru. antar vivaham jarigina sandarbhaallo, itara jaathi samuuhaala sabhyulu tarachugaa german samskrutilo kalisipotaru, german bhasha, acharalu mariyu kutumba paerlanu sweekarinchaaru. appudu vaaru germanlugaa pariganinchabaddaaru, idhi baltic germanla jaatiparamaina aavirbhaavaaniki daariteesindi. british deevula nundi valasa vacchina barkley dii tolly mariyu georg armitstead (1847-1912) kutumbaalu, vivaham chesukuni baltic-german samaajamlo bhagamayyayi.
bhuubhaagaalu.
baltic praantamloo baltic german sthaavaraalu eee krindi bhuubhaagaalanu kaligi unnaih
baltiklanu jayinchadam.
12va sataabdam chivaralo vyaapaarulu mariyu kraistava mataprachaarakulu finnic mariyu baltic bhashalu matlade tegala nivaasitula teerapraantaalanu sandarsinchadam praarambhinchinappudu chinna sankhyalo jaathi germanlu eee praantamloo sthirapadatam praarambhinchaaru. 12va mariyu 13va sataabdaala uttara crusadela samayamlo eee bhoomulanu kramabaddhamaina vijayam mariyu sthiranivaasam puurtayimdi, dheeni phalitamgaa roman poplu mariyu pavitra roman saamrajyam rakshanalo terra mariana samakhya erpadindi. 1236 soule yuddhamlo bhaarii otami taruvaata, livonian sodarulu katthi yokka kramam yokka bhagamayyaru.
taruvaati moodu sataabdaalaloo german matlade sainikulu, mataadhikaarulu, vyaapaarulu mariyu hastakalaakaarulu vaegamgaa perugutunna pattana janabhalo ekkuva mandhi unnaaru, endukante sthaanika nivaasulu saadhaaranamgaa akkada sthirapadatam nishedhinchabadindi. hansiatic leaglo sabhyatvam mariyu russia mariyu airopatho kriyaaseela vaanijya sambandhaalu baltic german vyaapaarula sampadanu penchaayi.
polish-lithuvanian mariyu swedish paalana.
15va sataabdamloo polland rajyam, grand duchy off lithuvania mariyu grand duchy off mascolatho jarigina yuddhaala samayamlo tutanic nites yokka sainika shakti balaheenapadatamtho, uttaraana unna livonian saakha thana sonta vidhaanaalanu anusarinchadam praarambhinchindi. 1525loe prussian saakha loukikamainappudu mariyu prussia yokka dacheegaa polish saamanta raajyamgaa marinappudu, livonian saakha loukikamaina marganni vetukutuu swatantramgaa undipoyindi. samskarana samayamlo livonia ekkuvagaa protestantga maarindi.
1558loe, russia yokka tsardom terra marianaku vyatiraekamgaa livonian yuddhanni praarambhinchindi, idhi tvaralo polland, sweeden mariyu denmark rajyalanu kalupukuni 20 samvatsaraala paatu konasaagindi. 1561loe, terra mariana unikilo ledhu mariyu denmark (idhi osel dveepaanni teesukundi), sweeden (idhi uttara estonia teesukundi) mariyu polland madhya vibhajinchabadindi, idhi kottagaa srushtinchabadina duchy off livonia swaadheenam chesukundi, mariyu duchy off corland mariyu semigalia, polland-lithuvania yokka saamanta rashtram, livonian arder yokka chivari master getard ketlarku manjuru cheyabadindi. loukika bhoomi baltic prabhuvulaku aadharam ayina migilina nites madhya vibhajinchabadindi.
duchy off courland mariyu semigalia 1795 varaku german matlade desamgaa unikilo undagaa, duchy off livonia yokka uttara bhaganni 1561 mariyu 1710 madhya estonia bhaagaalanu niyantrinchina sweeden swaadheenam chesukundi mariyu 1621 mariyu 1710 madhya swedish livonia swaadheenam chesukundi, sthaanika baltic german prabhuvulatho vaari raajakeeya hakkulu mariyu svayampratipattini anagadokkakundaa oka oppandampai santakam chesindi.
academia gustaviana" (ippudu tartu vishwavidyaalayam) nuu 1632loe sweeden raaju gustavus II adolphus sthaapinchaaru. idhi maajee livonian bhoobhagalalo unnata vidyaku ekaika samsthagaa migilipoyindi mariyu baltic germanla medho kendramgaa maarindi.
17va sataabdam chivaralo sweeden daani baltic provinceulalo bhoomi taggimpunu pravesapettindi mariyu german prabhuvula yaajamaanyamloni aastulu kireetam yokka aastigaa marai. idhi samarthavantamgaa daasulanu swechhaa raitulugaa maarchindi, conny 1710loe russia eee bhuubhaagaalanu jayinchi, niestad oppandam prakaram german bhuswamula hakkulanu punaruddharinchinappudu adhi raddu cheyabadindi.
russia yokka baltic governoratelu (1710-1917).
1710 mariyu 1795 madhya, goppa uttara yuddhamlo russia vijayam mariyu polland yokka moodu vibhajanala taruvaata, baltic germanlu nivasinche praantaalu chivariki russian saamrajyam yokka baltic governorateluga maraih corland governorate, livonia governorate mariyu estonia governorate.
swayampratipatti.
baltic praavinsulu swayampratipatti kaligi undi, sthaanika baltic prabhuvulachae swayampaalitamayyaayi. 1880la saamraajya samskaranala varaku, sthaanika prabhutvam prati provins yokka bhuubhaagam chetilo undedi, dheenilo metriculated baltic prabhuvula sabhyulu matrame sabhyatvaanni kaligi unnaaru mariyu nagaralanu german bergomasterlu paalinchaaru.
1710 mariyu sumaru 1880 madhyakaalamlo baltic german paalaka vargam saamraajya prabhutvam nundi goppa svayampratipattini pondhi, saamraajya aasthaanamlo goppa raajakeeya prabhavanni saadhinchindi. 18va sataabdam nundi baltic german prabhuvulu kooda russian saamraajya prabhutvamlo konni pramukha padavulanu sweekarinchaaru.
sthaanika estate yajamaanulu kakunda germanlu pradhanamgaa riga, "rewal", "dorpat", "pernav" mariyu "mitou" vanti nagarallo nivasinchaaru. 19va sataabdam madhyakaalam varaku, eee nagarallo chaalaa nagarallo ippatikee german majority janabha undhi, estonian, latvian ledhaa yoodu minoritylu unnaaru. 1867 natiki, riga janabha 42.9% german. 19va sataabdam chivari varaku, eee praantamlooni chaalaa mandhi vruttiparamaina mariyu vidyaavantulaina taragatulu, "saahityam", germanlu.
1880laloe german raajakeeya mariyu saamskrutika swayampratipatti aagipoyindi, appudu russian paripalana mariyu paatasaala vidyanu russian vaadakamtho bharti chesaaru. 1885 taruvaata praantiiya governorlu saadhaaranamgaa rashyanlu.
sthaanika prajala perugudala.
russia paalanalo shanti samvatsaraalu perugutunna sreyassunu techhaayi mariyu desheeya estatelalo aneka kotta mainer illu nirminchabaddaayi, conny aardhika dopidi sthaanika janabha paristhitini marinta digajaarchindi.
udaaharanala kosam, latvialoni rajabhavanalu mariyu mainer housela jabita mariyu estonialoni rajabhavanalu mariyu mainer housela jaabitaanu chudandi.
germany, sweeden ledhaa polandloni raitulato poliste sthaanika latvian mariyu estonian janabha baltic german prabhuvula krinda takkuva hakkulanu pondaaru. baltic germanlaku viruddhamgaa, estonianlu mariyu latvianlu poura hakkulanu parimitam chesaaru mariyu ekkuvagaa graameena praantaallo sevakulu, vartakulu ledhaa manorlu mariyu pattana gruhaalalo sevakulugaa nivasinchaaru. vaariki tama yajamaanulanu vadili vellae hakku ledhu, chivari paerlu laevu. idhi russian saamrajyamlo saamaajika vidhaanaaniki anugunamgaa undedi, mariyu 19va sataabdam varaku konasaagindi, aaa nivaasulaku baanisatvam nundi vimukti poura swechchalanu mariyu konni raajakeeya hakkulanu penchindi.
1804loe, saamraajya prabhutvam livonian raitu chattanni pravesapettindi, idhi daasula paristhitulanu meruguparachadam lakshyamgaa pettukundi. 1816 mariyu 1820 madhyakaalamlo, russialo kante daadaapu ardha sataabdam mundugaane, anni baltic provinceulalo daasya paalana raddu cheyabadindi. kontakaalam german matladevaru mariyu swadeshi nivaasitula madhya bahya udriktata ledhu.
antakumundu thana taragatiki paina edagagaligina latvian ledhaa estonian evarainaa germanyki cherukuni, thana muulaalanu marachipotarani bhaavinchinatlayithe, 19va sataabdam madhya natiki german pattana taragatulu sthaanikula nundi perugutunna pootiini anubhavinchadam praarambhinchaayi, modati latvian jaateeya melkolupu mariyu estonian jaateeya melkolupu taruvaata vaaru tama sonta madhyataragatini utpatti chesi, perugutunna sankhyalo german mariyu yoodula aadhipatya pattanaalu mariyu nagaralaku vellaaru.
1905 naati viplavam baltic german bhuswamulapai daadulu, maanarlanu kalchadam, mariyu unnatavargaala sabhyulanu himsimchadam mariyu champadam vanti vatiki daariteesindi. 1905 viplavam samayamlo tirugubaatudaarula samuuhaalu 400 kii paiga mainer illu mariyu german yaajamaanyamloni bhavanalanu tagalabetti 82 mandhi germanlanu champai. dheeniki pratispandanagaa german prabhuvulu mariyu adhikaarula sahayamtho dandanaatmaka dandayaatralu vandalaadi polaalanu tagalabettaayi, vaelaadi mandini arrestu chesi bahishkarinchaaru mariyu kaneesam 2,000 mandini uriteesaaru.
1905 viplavaniki pratispandanagaa carle baaran vaan montefel-joyez mariyu sylvio brodrich-kurmahlen 20,000 mandhi german jaatiki chendina raitulanu, ekkuvagaa volenia nundi, courlandlo sthiraparachadam dwara graameena praantaalanu saantimpajeyadaaniki oka pathakaanni roopondinchaaru.
modati prapancha yuddham.
modati prapancha yuddham baltic germanlu mariyu russian jarrist prabhutva kootami mugimpunu teesukuvacchindi. german vaarasatvam vaarini rashyanlu satruvugaa bhavinchela chesindi. vaaru russiaku vidheyathatho unte german saamrajyam vaarini desadrohigaa kooda bhaavinchindi. rashtrampai vaari vidheyata prashninchabadindi mariyu baltic german general paal vaan rennencomp netrutvamloni saamraajya sainyam yokka otamulato german aidava kaalam gurinchi pukaarlu perigayi. estonian governoratelo anni german paatasaalalu mariyu sanghaalu moosiveyabaddaayi mariyu germanlu corland governoratenu russia lopali praantaaniki vadiliveyaalani aadesinchaaru.
1915loe germany courtlandnu jayinchi, sainika obar aust paripaalanalo cherchindi. 1918loe breast-litovsk oppandamlo russia longipoyina taruvaata, german saamrajyam migilina baltic praavinsulanu aakraminchindi.
obar ost sainika paripalana corland yokka german valasarajyala kosam pranaalikalanu praarambhinchindi. 1917 april 20naa thoorpu frontku chendina commander-inn-cheef akkada vyavasaya bhoomilo moodinta oka vanthu german yuddha anubhavagnula sthaavaram kosam ketaayinchaalani prakatinchaaru. dheenini 1917 septembaru 22naa courland yokka german prabhuvulu aamodinchaaru.
united baltic duchy.
livonian mariyu estonian prabhuvulu 1918 janavari 28naa stockhomeloni soviet pratinidhulaku swaatantryam gurinchi oka notnu andinchi, 1721 naati niestad oppandam dwara vaariki manjuru chesina hakkula prakaram russia nundi vidipovalane vaari uddesaanni prakatinchaaru. pratispandanagaa, estonia niyantrinchina bolsheviklu 567 mandhi pramukha germanlanu arrestu chesi, vaarini russiaku bahishkarinchaaru. breast-litovsk oppandampai santakam chesina taruvaata vaaru tirigi raavadaaniki anumatinchabaddaaru. german-soviet oppandaala prakaram, germany corland, riga, sarema (öcel), livonia mariyu estoniapai niyantrananu pondindi.
1918 vasantakaalamlo, baltic germanlu swatantra duchy off courland mariyu semigalia punaruddharananu prakatinchaaru mariyu prussia raajyamtho ekam cheyadaaniki pranaalikalanu anusarinchaaru. 1918 april 12naa, anni baltic praavinsula nundi baltic german pratinidhulu rigaalo samavesamai, baltic bhoomulanu swaadheenam chesukovalani german chakravartini pilicharu.
tadanantaram, puurtigaa vileenam kakunda, mcclenbergku chendina duke adolph friedrich paalinchina united baltic duchy kosam oka pranaalika abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. daani regency council 1918 november 9naa samavesamaindi, conny german saamraajyamtho kuppakoolindi.
swatantra baltic rashtraalu.
baltic germanla paalana mariyu taragati adhikaralu russian saamrajyam (1917 aktobaru bolshevik viplavam kaaranamgaa) mariyu 1918-1919 loe estonia mariyu latvia swaatantryam kaaranamgaa mugimpuku vachayi.
estonia mariyu latvialo bolshevik palanala krinda baltic germanlu baga baadhapaddaaru. swalpakaalam unnappatikee, vaaru germanlaku vyatiraekamgaa errati ugravaadaanni anusarinchaaru, tarachugaa vaari jaateeyata kaaranamgaa vaarini champaru.
german saamrajyam patanam taruvaata, estonialoni baltic germanlu bolshevik muppuku vyatiraekamgaa rakshinchadaaniki swachchanda vibhaagaalanu erpaatu cheyadam praarambhinchaaru. 1918 november 27naa dheeniki estonian prabhutvam adhikaram ichindi, kalnal constantine vaan veyis () aadhvaryamlo volunteer baltic betalian ("freeviligen baltenbatillan") erpadindi.
eestoniyan mariyu latvian swaatantrya yuddhaala samayamlo, chaalaa mandhi baltic germanlu russia nundi eee deshaala swaatantraanni bhadraparachadamlo sahaayapadataaniki kottagaa erpadina estonian mariyu latvian sainyaalalo swachchandamgaa santakam chesaaru. eee baltic german sainika vibhagalu latvialo "baltische landeswahr" mariyu estonialo "baltenregiment ()" gaa piluvabaddayi. estonia mariyu latvia yokka rashtra archives eee yuddhamlo pooraadina prati vyakti yokka vyaktigata sainika recordulanu unchutaayi.
"baltische landeswahr" unitlu 1919 mae 22naa rigaanu swaadheenam chesukunnayi, dheeni taruvaata tellati ugravaadam jarigindi, dheenilo 2,000 mandhi varaku, ekkuvagaa latvianlu, bolshevik maddatudaarulugaa anumaaninchabaddaaru.
baltic german bayati estatelu sthaanika bolsheviklaku tarachugaa lakshyamgaa undevi (chitramlo chitreekarinchinatlugaa, "coop dii grass") mariyu swaatantryam taruvaata sthaanika bolsheviklu mariyu jaateeyavaadula kalayika bhoomi jaateeyeekaranalu mariyu baltic germanlanu adhikara sthaanaala nundi sthaanabhramsham chesindi. livonian governorate yokka baltic germanlu rendu kotta deshaalalo tamanu taamu kanugonnaru, eee rendoo pedda bhuu yajamaanulanu lakshyamgaa chesukuni vistrutamaina vyavasaya samskaranalanu pravesapettaayi, veerilo adhika sankhyaakulu germanlu.
1917 naati russian viplavam mariyu tadupari russian antaryuddham phalitamgaa, chaalaa mandhi baltic germanlu germanyki paaripoyaaru. 1919 taruvaata, chaalaa mandhi baltic germanlu germanyki kottagaa swatantra rashtraalanu vidichipettadaaniki baadhyata vahinchaaru, conny chaalaa mandhi saadhaarana pourulugaa undipoyaaru.
1925loe latvialo 70,964 mandhi germanlu (3.6%) mariyu 1935loe 62,144 mandhi (janabhalo 3.2%) unnaaru. 1935loe 38,523 mandhi germanlu nivasistunna riga, appatiki 6,575 mandhi germanlu nivasistunnappudu, atipedda german kendramgaa undipoyindi.
vyavasaya samskaranala taruvaata german bhuswamya vargam tvaralo tama bhoomulalo chaalaa bhaganni kolpoinappatiki, vaaru tama vruttulalo panicheyadam mariyu tama companylanu nadipinchadam konasaaginchaaru. german saamskrutika swayampratipatti gouravinchabadindi. latvialoni german baltic paarteela kamitee mariyu estonialoni estlandloni duish-baltische party ennikalaloo paalgoni seetlanu geluchukunnayi.
adhe samayamlo, rendu yuva rashtraalu tama samsthalanu nirminchukunnanduna, idhi tarachugaa vaari alpasankhyaakula hodaanu tagginchindi. latvialo, mishrama vivahala pillalu latvianluga namodu cheyabaddaaru, ayithe estonialo vaaru tama tandrula jaateeyatanu teesukunnaru, vaaru ekkuvagaa estonianlu. idhi german pillala sankhyanu twaragaa tagginchindi. german sthalaala paerlu praja upayogam nundi tolaginchabaddaayi. german sanghaalu tama charchilanu kolpoyayi. 1927loe 1923 prajabhipraya sekarana taruvaata tallin kethadralnu estonian sanghaaniki ivvabadindi. rigaaloni james cathedral poyindi mariyu 1931loe maroka prajabhipraya sekarana tarvaata riga kethadralnu tolaginchaaru.
vyavasaya samskaranalu.
swaatantryam praarambhamlo baltic germanlu estonialo 58 saatam mariyu latvialo 48 saatam bhoomini kaligi unnaaru. german saktini vichchinnam cheyadaaniki mariyu swaatantrya yuddhaala anubhavagnulaku mariyu bhoomileni raitulaku bhoomini pampinhee cheyadaaniki rendu deshaalalo samoola vyavasaya samskaranalu amalu cheyabaddaayi. idhi german kuleena kutumbaala bhuswamya varganni, vaari aardhika sthaavaraanni ekkuvagaa naasanam chesindi.
1919 aktobaru 10naa estonian paarlamentu 1,065 estatelanu (anni estatela yokka 96.6%) swaadheenam chesukundi. 1926 marchi 1naa chattam vyavasaayayogyamaina bhoomi yokka maajee yajamaanulaku daani market viluvalo 3 saatam nashtapariharam mariyu adavulaku etuvanti pariharam ivvadani nirnayinchindi. idhi german kuleena varganni daadaapu takshaname diwala teesindi, vaaru tama bhoomulalo daadaapu 50 hectarlanu unchukoovadaaniki anumatinchinappatikii.
1920 septembaru 16naa latvia rajyanga sabha 1,300 estatelanu 37 laksala hectorla bhoomitho jaateeyam chesindi. maajee german yajamaanulu 50 hectorla bhoomi mariyu vyavasaya parikaraalanu unchadaaniki anumatinchabaddaaru. 1924loe, maajee yajamaanulaku etuvanti pariharam chellinchabomani saima nirnayinchindi. 1929loe, "baltische landeswahr" yokka anubhavagnulu yea bhoomini pondalerani saima ootu vesindi.
estonia.
estonialo, oke oka german party undedi, dheeniki 1926 nundi "revoller boat" sampadakudu axel dii vrees (<unk>) naayakatvam vahinchaaru. vaari pramukha paarlamentu sabhyudu verner hasselblat (1890-1958). germanlu prabhutvaalalo eppuduu mantri padavulanu pondaledu. moodu atipedda minoritylu germanlu, sweedanlu mariyu rashyanlu konnisaarlu ennikala sankiirnaalanu erpaatu chesaaru. tama jaateeyeekruta bhoomulu mariyu aastulaku pariharam pondaalanukunna german bhuswamula prayojanaalanu kaapaadataaniki "estlandloni duish-baltische party" sthaapinchabadindi. bhoomi jaateeyeekarana taruvaata vaaru etuvanti pariharam pondaledu, conny vaari bhuswamula gruhaalaku maddatu ivvaleni 50 hectorla varaku plaatlanu unchagaligaaru.
germanlu prabhutva mariyu sainika sthaanaala nundi nishedhinchabaddaaru. chaalaa mandhi germanlu tama aastulanu ammi scandinavia ledhaa paschima airopaku valasa vacchaaru. chaalaa varaku goppa mainer illu paatasaalalu, aasupatrulu, sthaanika paripalana mariyu museumlache swaadheenam cheyabaddaayi.
estonia yokka baltic german janabha latvia kante takkuvagaa undhi, kabatti estonianlu chattam mariyu vaidyam vanti vruttiparamaina sthaanaalanu bharti cheyadam konasaginchadamto, baltic germanlaku nayakatva paatra takkuvagaa undhi. 1933 mariyu 1938 madhya baltic german saamskrutika sangham nayakudu baaran wilhelm rangel 1937 taruvaata estonian council off state loe minorityla token pratinidhigaa cherchabaddaadu. baltic german saamskrutika paripalana yokka chivari nayakudu.
fibravari 12,1925naa estonia saamskrutika swayampratipatti mariyu jaateeya minorityla chattanni sweekarinchindi, idhi germanla saamskrutika svayampratipattini andinchindi. ayinappatikee, estonialoni german samajam ksheeninchadam konasaagindi, endukante ekkuva mandhi yuvakulu valasa velladaaniki enchukunnaaru. 1934 natiki estonialo mottam janabhalo 1.5% mandhi baltic germanlu unnaaru.
estonialo german paatasaalalanu german bhaashalo anumatinchaaru, vaatini estonialoni german samaajaala unionlo bhaagamaina "gesselshaft duteshay sculhilf" paryaveekshinchindi. fibravari 5,1925naa minority chattanni aamodinchina taruvaata, baltic german saamskrutika mandali 1925 november 1naa srushtinchabadindi. 1928loe, german paatasaalalaku 3,456 mandhi vidyaarthulu hajarayyaru.
latvia.
1934 latvian tirugubaatu taruvaata kontha prabhavanni kolpoinappatiki, latvialo, baltic germanlu rajakeeyamgaa churukaina mariyu vyavastheekruta jaathi samuuhamgaa undipoyaaru. rendu saarlu germanlu sankeerna prabhutvaalalo mantri padavulanu pondaaru. 1919 mariyu 1931 madhya latvia naavikaadalaaniki commander admiral archibald count vaan keyserling.
aaru, taruvaata edu, german paarteelu unikilo undi, sayeemaalo sankiirnaanni erpaatu chesaayi. pramukha raajakeeya nayakulu baaran wilhelm friedrich carle vaan firks, baltic-german peeples party nayakudu mariyu paal shiman, "rigas rundshou" vaartaapatrika yokka pradhana sampadakudu mariyu baltic-german democratic party nayakudu. german samaajamlo jaateeya saamyavaada maddatudaarula karyakalapalu peragadam 1933loe "rigas rundshou" nundi shiman raajeeki daariteesindi.
alpasankhyaaka saamskrutika vyavaharalanu samskruti mantritva saakha paryaveekshinchindi mariyu german vibhaagaaniki paster carle kellar (1868-1939) naayakatvam vahinchaaru, taruvaata doctor. wolfgang watchsmuth. 1923loe german paatasaalallo 12.168 vidyaarthulu unnaaru. hearder institute, moodu adhyaapakulatho (vedaantasaastram, nyaayasaastram mariyu raajakeeya shaastram mariyu tatvasaastram) oka private german vishwavidyaalayam sthaapinchabadindi.
1926loe, german samajam swachchanda sweeya-pannunu pravesapettindi, germanlandarini vaari nelawari aadaayamlo 3 saatam varaku samaja kaaryakalaapaalaku andinchaalani korindi. 1928loe, baltic german jaateeya samajam latvialo baltic germanla kendra pratinidhi samsthagaa sthaapinchabadindi.
vidyaamantri alpasankhyaaka paatasaalallo latvianization vidhananni pravesapettinappudu germanla vidya swayampratipatti 1931-1933 loe teevramgaa parimitam cheyabadindi. 1934 juulai 18naa swayampratipatti kaligina german paatasaalalu vidya mantritva saakha puurti niyantranaloki teesukuraabaddaayi.
1934 mae 15 naati tirugubaatu taruvaata anni sanghaalu mariyu swatantra vyapara samsthalu moosiveyavalasi vachindi, idhi german samajanni mukhyamgaa teevramgaa prabhaavitam chesindi, endukante vaaru tama puraatana matha kendraalanu-sanghaalanu kolpoyaru mariyu vaari aasti anthaa jaateeyam cheyabadindi. aaa taruvaata yoodulu, russian mariyu german vyaparalu swaadheenam chesukunna alalu vachayi-vyapaaraalapai alpasankhyaaka niyantrananu tagginchadaaniki prabhutva yaajamaanyamloni byaankulu, karmagaralu mariyu vaanijya samsthalanu nirneeta retlaku konugolu chesaayi.
anni baltic germanla punaravasam (1939-1944).
1939-1940.
1940loe estonia mariyu latvia soviet ganatantraalugaa marai. 1939 augustulo hitler stallinku edurkonna pradhana paristhitulalo okati, estonia mariyu latvialo nivasistunna anni jaathi germanlanu german sainika niyantranalo unna praantaalaku badilee cheyadam. ivi naajii-soviet janabha badileelugaa prasiddhi chendaayi. 1939 chivaralo estonia mariyu latvialo soviet sainika sthaavaraalanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki stallin munduku sagaru.
1939 aktobaru 6naa radiolo pratyaksha prasaram cheyabadina reachstaglo chesina prasangamlo, german minoritylanu reach (reach kuu tirigi intiki, "heam inns reach") loe punaravasam kalpinchaalani hitler prakatinchaaru. eee prayojanam kosam germandamnu balopetam cheyadaaniki kotta reach kameeshariyatnu srushtinchina himler dwara punaravasam paryaveekshinchabadindi.
baltic germanla valasalu mariyu vaari vidya, saamskrutika mariyu mataparamaina samsthala parisamaapti gurinchi 1939 mariyu 1940loe estonia mariyu latviatho oppandaalu kudurchukunnayi. naajii germany baltic germanlanu tama illanu, maatrubhoomini tondaragaa vidichipettadamlo vijayam saadhinchindi. yuddhakaalamlo rationing vidhinchadam valla, germanlu viluvaina vastuvulu, chaaritraka viluva kaligina vastuvulu, indhanaalu mariyu aaharaanni kooda teesukelladaanni nishedhinchaaru. gruha vastuvulu mariyu chinna vyaparala bhaarii ammakalu jarigaayi. pedda aastulu, real estate mariyu vyaparalu ekkuva kaalam paatu pratyeka german commission dwara sthaanika prabhutvaalaku vikrayinchabaddaayi.
estonian mariyu latvian prabhutvaalu punaravasam pondina baltic german peddala paerla varnamaala jaabitaalanu vaari puttina thedhee, janmasthalam mariyu baltikloni chivari chirunamatho kuudina pustakaalanu prachurinchaayi.
estonia mariyu latvia odarevu nagaraala nundi gottenhafen mariyu steatin naukaasrayaalaku oodalu vadili vellina baltic germanlanu "reachsgou worthland" (konnisaarlu "vartegou" anie pilustaaru) mariyu itara polish praantaalaku ravana chesaaru. vaaru nivasinchadaaniki ivvabadina "kotta" gruhalu mariyu polaalu konni nelala kritam polland meeda naajii germany daadi chesinappudu thoorpuvaipu uriteeyabadina ledhaa bahishkarinchabadina stambhaalu mariyu yoodula yajamanyamlo mariyu nivasamga undevi. kottagaa vacchina vaaru eee bhoomula jaathi germanykarana kosam naajii pranaalikalanu neraverchaaru.
1941 vasantakaalamlo punaravasam.
1941 praarambhamlo, naajii german prabhutvam 1939 ledhaa 1940loe vidichipettadaaniki niraakarinchina vaarandarikee maroka punaravasanni erpaatu chesindi. eee charyanu "natchumseedlung" anie pilicheevaaru. eee samayamlo venuka vadiliveyabadina edainaa aasti ledhaa vastuvulaku etuvanti pariharam ivvabadaledu mariyu eee punaraavaasakula samuuhaanni teevramaina anumaanamtho ledhaa desadrohigaa pariganinchaaru, endukante vaaru 1939loe baltiklanu vidichipettadaaniki hitler yokka modati pilupunu tiraskarinchaaru. eee raakadallo ekkuva bhaagam modata vadapotha shibiraallo sthirapaddaaru. saadhaarana prajalaku teliyani, soviet union naajii dandayaatra kevalam 2 nundi 4 nelala dhooramlo undhi, mariyu saantikaala paristhitulalo eee prajalanu badilee cheyadaaniki hitlerku idhi chivari avakaasam.
eee samayaniki, estonia mariyu latvialo migilina baltic germanlu 1939 kante chaalaa bhinnamaina paristhitiloo unnaaru. vaari deshaalu ippudu soviet union chetha akraminchabaddayi, mariyu 1939 kii mundu pratyeka hakku ledhaa sampada unna evarikainaa teevramaina ottidi mariyu bedirimpulu ivvabaddaayi. saamuuhika arrestlu mariyu konni hatyalu jarigaayi. paristhiti marinta digajaarutundane bhayamtho, migilina baltic germanlalo ekkuva mandhi vellipovalani nirnayinchukunnaaru. 1941 marchi chivari natiki sumaru 7,000 mandhi estonia nundi punaravasam pondaaru, mariyu 1941 marchi chivari natiki sumaru 10,500 mandhi latvia nundi punaravasam pondaaru. german prabhutvam kevalam jaatiparamaina germanlaku matrame parimitam cheyabade punaravasam pranaalika chesinappatiki, chivariki punaravasam pondina vaarilo gananeeyamaina vataa vividha jaatula (ekkuvagaa estonianlu mariyu latvianlu, conny slavic jaatiki chendina vyaktulu kooda), veeru soviet paalana nundi tappinchukovadaaniki dheenini ekaika chattaparamaina maargamgaa upayoginchaaru.
1941loe punaravasam pondina vaari jabita yea pustakaalu prachurinchabadaledu; ayithe, estonia mariyu latvia yokka prastuta aarkaivlalo ippatikee eee samvatsaramlo vadili vellina vaarandari jaabitaalu unnaayi.
1941-1944.
baltic germanlalo chaalaa chinna minoritylu tirigi punaravasam pondadaaniki niraakarinchaaru mariyu 1941 marchi gatha balticlo undipoyaaru. kondaru juun 1941 praarambhamlo praarambhamaina cyberian gulaaglaku soviet bahishkaranalaku baadhitulayyaaru. 1941 nundi 1953 varaku estonia nundi bahishkarinchabadina vaari paerlu mariyu dayta pustakaalalo prachurinchabaddaayi. vivaralu estonialoni vruttula museumlo unchabaddaayi.
soviet unionpy naajii daadi mariyu latvia mariyu estonia swaadheenam taruvaata, anuvaadakulugaa panicheyadaaniki koddi sankhyalo baltic germanlu tirigi raavadaaniki anumatinchabaddaaru, ayithe aneka mandhi punaravasam pondina germanlu tama matrubhumi tirigi raavadaaniki anumatinchaalani chesina abhyardhanalanu himler yokka ss tiraskarinchindi. aneka mandhi german baltic purushulu aakramita vaarthegoulo sameekarinchabaddaru mariyu german sainyamlo panicheesaaru.
1944loe tirigi sthirapadina germanlu tirogamana german sainyamtho paschimam vaipu paaripoyaaru. vaariki khachitamaina sankhyalu ledhaa jaabitaalu andubaatulo laevu. ayithe, 1944 taruvaata aneka vaela baltic germanlu baltic praantamloonae undipoyaaru, conny vaaru soviet adhikarulu estonia mariyu latvianu paripaalinchadam dwara vistruta vivakshaku (mariyu 1953 varaku cyberiaku bahishkarinchabade avakaasam) gurayyaru. dheeni phalitamgaa, chaalaa mandhi tama baltic german muulaala gurinchi dachipettadu ledhaa abaddham cheppadu. 1944 daati unna vaarilo ekkuva mandhi mishrama jaathi vivahala pillalu ledhaa taamu estonianlu, latvianlu ledhaa rashyanlu anae jaatiki chendina vaarini vivaham chesukunnaru mariyu vaari vaarasulu tamanu taamu germanga bhaavincharu.
"rendava punaravasam" 1945.
1944 chivaralo mariyu 1945 praarambhamlo soviet union polland mariyu germanyloki pravesinchadam phalitamgaa german adhikarulu baltic germanlanu vaari "kotta gruhaala" nundi paschimaana marinta praantaalaku taralinchi, munduku saagutunna erra sainyam nundi tappinchukunnaaru. vaarilo ekkuva mandhi paschima germanylo sthirapaddaaru, kondaru thoorpu germanylo muginchaaru.
1939-1941 loe punaravasam kuu puurti viruddhamgaa, eee samayamlo chaalaa praantaalalo taralimpu chivari kshanam varaku alasyam cheyabadindi, daanini kramabaddhamaina paddhatiloo nirvahinchadaaniki chaalaa alasyam ayinappudu, aacharanatmakamgaa vaarandaruu tama vastuvulanu chaalaavaraku vadiliveyavalasi vachindi. vaaru eee "kotta" gruhaalalo daadaapu aidu samvatsaraalu matrame nivasistunnanduna, idhi vividha paristhitulalo unnappatikee, vaariki rendava balavantamgaa punaravasam kalpinchinatlugaa dadapuga chudabadindi. 
1945 janavari 30naa soviet jalaantargaami munigipoyinappudu chaalaa mandhi baltic germanlu kdf ooda "wilhelm gustlaflo" loe unnaaru. oka anchanaa prakaram, oodaloo unna sumaru 9,400 mandhi maraninchaaru, idhi charitralo munigipoyina oke oodaloo atipedda praananashtam. adanamgaa, fibravari 10,1945naa ss "general vaan steben" munigipoyinappudu chaalaa mandhi baltic germanlu maraninchaaru.
1939 mariyu 1947 madhya punaravasam mariyu yuddhakaala paristhitula phalitamgaa maraninchina baltic germanla paerlu mariyu vyaktigata daetaanu jabita chese rendu pustakaalanu baltic german vamsavali samajam prachurinchindih "duish-baltisches gedenkbuch. currin vaan borbelli, darmstadt, 1991 dwara "mariyu currin vaan borbelli, darmstadt, 1995 dwara" nachtrag jum duech-baltisches gedenkbuch ".
1944 taruvaata estonia mariyu latvia soviet paalanaloki raavadamtho, chaalaa mandhi baltic germanlu soviet aakramita balticsku tirigi raaledu.
kenada.
aneka vaela baltic germanlu kenada governor general earl alegzander off tunis maddatutoe 1948loe kenadaaku valasa vacchaaru, 1919loe swalpakaalam paatu baltic german landeswehrku naayakatvam vahinchinappudu chaalaa mandhi baltic germanlanu telusukunnaru. praarambhamlo, 1948loe 12 mandhi germanlanu matrame sthirapadataaniki anumatinchaaru. eee samuuham yokka manchi pravartana aadhaaramgaa, taruvaati samvatsaraallo vaelaadi baltic germanlu valasa velladaaniki anumatinchabaddaaru.
latvianlu mariyu baltic germanla chinna samuuham appati pradhana joseph smallwood yokka kotta parisramala kaaryakramamlo bhaagamgaa newfoundlandku valasa vachindi. confederation tarvaata nyuu foundland yokka moulika sadupayala srushtiki avasaramaina padaarthaalanu andinchina cement mariyu gypsum plantlalo muulaloe unna aneka kutumbaalu nirminchabaddaayi, nirvahinchaayi mariyu panicheesaayi.
soviet balticlo saamskrutika vaarasatvaanni naasanam cheyadam (1945-1989).
soviet baltic kaalamlo, rendava prapancha yuddhamlo vijayam dwara rajakeeyamgaa adhikaram pondina estonian ssr mariyu latvian ssrlanu paalinche soviet adhikarulu, gatha sataabdaalaloo jaathi german paalana yokka yea jadalanu tolaginchadaaniki aasakti chuupaaru.</german rachanalatho kuudina aneka vigrahalu, smaaraka chihnalu, nirmaanaalu ledhaa mailuraallu naasanam cheyabaddaayi, dhvamsam cheyabaddaayi ledhaa naasanam cheyabaddaayi.
estonialoni atipedda baltic german smasaanavaatikalu, kopli smasaanavaatika mariyu moyigu smasaanavaatika, rendoo 1774 nundi soviet adhikarulu puurtigaa naasanam chesaaru. 1773 nundi nilabadi unna latvialoni baltic germanla atipedda smasaanavaatika ayina riga yokka goppa smasaanavaatikalo kooda daani samaadhulalo ekkuva bhaagam soviet chetha naasanam cheyabaddaayi.
1989 nundi prastutaaniki.
1991loe tama swaatantraanni tirigi pondina estonia mariyu latvia yokka prastuta prabhutvaalu, saadhaaranamgaa vaari charitra antataa vaari nagaralu mariyu deshaala abhivruddhilo baltic germanla sahakaram patla saanukuula ledhaa konnisaarlu tatastha drukpathaanni kaligi untaayi. dheeniki appudappudu minahaayimpu 1918 varaku baltics yokka graameena praantaalanu niyantrinchina pradhana bhuswamulu mariyu estonianlu mariyu latvianla jaathi vishayamlo kontha vimarsalatoe vastundi.
1991 augustu 20naa soviet union nundi estonia tirigi swaatantryam pondina taruvaata, german baltic prabhuvula bahishkarinchabadina sangham, tama maajee estonian bhoomulapai yajamanya hakkulanu associationloni yea sabhyudu korukorani adhyakshudiki adhikaarika sandesaanni pampindi. idhi, mariyu estonia mariyu latviaku modati german raayabaarulu iddaroo baltic germanlu anae vaastavam, eee rendu deshaalatho baltic germanlanu marinta punaruddarinchadaaniki sahaayapadindi.
baltic german samajalu mariyu estonia mariyu latvia prabhutvaala madhya sahakaram, swaatantryam yokka yuddhamlo pooraadina vaariki smaaraka chihnalu vanti aneka chinna baltic german falakaalu mariyu mailuraallanu punaruddharinchadam saadhyamaindi.
1989 nundi, chaalaa mandhi vruddha baltic germanlu ledhaa vaari vaarasulu, vaari gatam, vaari puurveekula gruhalu mariyu vaari kutumba charitrala jadalanu vetakadaaniki estonia mariyu latviaku selavulu teesukunnaru. migilina chaalaa varaku bhuswamula gruhalu kotta yajamaanulanu kaligi unnaayi, mariyu prajalaku terichi unde hotallugaa panicheestaayi.
pramukha baltic germanlu.
baltic germanlu 13va sataabdam nundi 20va sataabdam madhyakaalam varaku chaalaa varaku estonia mariyu latvia samaajamlo pramukha paatralu pooshinchaaru, vaarilo chaalaa mandhi carle ernst vaan bair mariyu emil lenz mariyu fabian gottlieb vaan bellingshousen, aadam johann vaan crusenstern, ferdinand vaan rangel mariyu oto schmidt vanti anveshakulatho sahaa pramukha saastravettalugaa maararu. maikhel und riyas barkley dii tolly, friedrich wilhelm vaan bookshoveden, paal vaan rennemcomp mariyu franz edward vaan tolbenlatho sahaa aneka baltic germanlu russian saamraajya sainyam mariyu naavikaadalamloo ranking generalsga panicheesaaru.
baaran pioter rangel, baaran ungern, eugen mueller mariyu prins anatol vaan liven vanti aneka baltic germanlu, russian antaryuddham samayamlo swethajaatheeyulu mariyu sambandhita bolshevik vyatiraeka saktula (baltische landeswer mariyu frecorps udyamam vantivi) pakshana unnaaru.

