pillala kosam wetchsler intelligence scale

pillala kosam wetchsler intelligence scale (viski) anedi 6 mariyu 16 samvatsaraala madhya vayassu gala pillalaku vyaktigatamgaa nirvahinche intelligence pareeksha. aidava edition (viski-vii; wetchsler, 2014) atyanta iteevali version.
viskivini nirvahinchadaaniki 45 nundi 65 nimishalu padutundi. idhi pillala saadhaarana medho saamarthyaanni soochinche puurti sthaayi iqu (gatamlo intelligence coashant ledhaa iqu score anie piluvabadedi) nuu utpatti chestundi. idhi aidu praathamika suuchika skorlanu kooda andistundi, avi verbal comprehension index, vijuval spatial index, fluid reasoning index, working memory index mariyu prosessing speed index. eee suuchikalu vivikta abhignaa rangaalalo pillala saamardhyaalanu suuchistaayi. praathamika ledhaa praathamika mariyu dviteeya upapareekshala vividha kalayikala nundi aidu anubandha mishrama skorlanu pondavacchu.
aidu paripuurakaramaina upa pareekshalu sambandhita abhignaa saamardhyaalanu kolavadaniki moodu paripuurakaramaina mishrama skorlanu istayi. prachuranakartala saanketika patraalu vesi, efi mariyu gai (riford mariyu itarulu) vanti itara suuchikalaku maddatu istayi.2015). pareeksha vidhanalu mariyu lakshyaalalo vaividhyam phalitamgaa prorated score kalayikalu ledhaa oke suuchikalu samayanni tagginchavachhu ledhaa anni praathamika, anubandha mariyu paripuurakaramaina suuchikalatoe sahaa podiginchina battery kosam pareeksha samayanni moodu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva gantalaku penchavacchu.
charitra.
asalu viskunu (wetchsler, 1949), roman-american manastatvavetta david wetchsler, Ph.dii.idhi wetchsler-belleview intelligence scale (wetchsler, 1939) nuu roopondinchina aneka upapareekshala anusarana, conny daani kosam pratyaekamgaa roopondinchina aneka upapareekshalanu kooda kaligi undhi. upapareekshalanu moukhika mariyu paniteeru pramanaluga nirvahinchi, moukhika iqu (vika), paniteeru iqu (pika) mariyu puurti sthaayi iqu (effsike) kosam skorlanu andinchaaru.
prati varusa edition fline prabhavanni bharti cheyadaaniki tirigi praamaanikam cheyabadindi, nibandhanalu paatavi kakapovadanni nirdhaarinchadam matrame kakunda, idhi nigha charyalapai perigina skorlaku daariteestundani soochinchabadindi, conny avi prastuta janaabhaaku praatinidhyam vahistunnaayi (fline, 1984,1987,1999; matazzo, 1972). adanapu naveekaranalu mariyu merugudalalo prasnalaku maarpulu, vaatini minoritylu mariyu mahilalaku vyatiraekamgaa takkuva pakshapaatamgaa cheyadaaniki mariyu pareeksha nirvahanalo vaatini marinta upayogakaramgaa cheyadaaniki naveekarinchabadina padaarthaalu unnaayi. unnaayi viska-aarr (wetchsler, 1974) gaa savarinchina edition prachurinchabadindi, indulo adhe upapareekshalu unnaayi. ayithe, vayassu paridhini 5-15 nundi 6-16 kii marcharu.
moodava edition edition prachurinchabadindi (viska-IIIi; wetchsler, 1991) mariyu daanitoe prosessing vegaanni koliche kolatagaa kotta upa pareekshanu teesukuvacchindi. vic, pick mariyu efsike skorlatho paatu, naalugu kotta index skorlu pravesapettabaddaayih verbal comprehension index (vci), perceptual organization index (poi), friedam frum distrability index (fdi), mariyu prosessing speed index (psi).
viska-aivi viska-aivi utpatti cheyabadindi. viska-vii kolata prachurinchabadindi. viska-vii mottam 21 upapareekshalanu kaligi undhi. idhi 15 mishrama skorlanu istundi.
pareeksha roopam.
viska anedi wetchsler intelligence scales suutloe oka pareeksha. 16 mariyu anthakante ekkuva vayassu unna vishayalanu wetchsler vayojana medhassu sthaayi (vais) thoo pareekshistaaru, mariyu rendunnara samvatsaraala nundi edu samvatsaraala mariyu edu nelala vayassu gala pillalanu wetchsler preschool mariyu praathamika medhassu sthaayi (doubleu. pii. pii. ess. ii) thoo pareekshistaaru. pareekshala madhya kontha ativyaapti untundih 6 samvatsaraala vayassu gala pillalu 0 nelala nundi 7 samvatsaraala vayassu gala pillalu 7 nelala varaku Wppsi ledhaa Wisc nii puurti cheyavachu; 16 samvatsaraala vayassu gala pillalu Wisc-v ledhaa Wais-iv nii puurti cheyavachu. vividha pareekshalanu upayoginchi vividha floor effect mariyu sealing effectnu saadhinchavachchu, idhi pillala saamardhyalu ledhaa lopaala gurinchi ekkuva avagahanaku veelu kalpistundi. dheeni ardham medho vaikalyam unna 16 yella koumaaradasalo unna vaarini viska-vii upayoginchi pareekshinchavacchu, tadwara vaidyudu vaari ghnaanam yokka sthaayini (atyalpa sthaayi) chudavachu.
aidu praathamika suuchika skorlu unnaayi, verbal comprehension index (vci), vijuval spatial index (versessi), fluid reasoning index (fri), working memory index (wmi), mariyu prosessing speed index (psi). praathamika suuchika skorlanu pondadaaniki rendu upapareekshalanu nirvahinchaali. puurti sthaayi iqu anedi 10 praadhamika upapareekshalalo 7 nundi teesukobadindihi rendu moukhika grahana upapareekshalu, oka drushya praadaesika upapareeksha, rendu dravam tarka upapareekshalu, oka working memory upapareeksha mariyu oka prosessing vegam upapareeksha. aadhunika medhassu namoonaalalo sphatikeekarinchina mariyu dravam saamardhyaala praamukhyatanu pratibimbimchadaaniki shabda grahanasakti mariyu dravam tarkam puurti sthaayi iquelo marinta ekkuvagaa baruvu pettabadataayi (wetchsler, 2014).
vii. sii. ii. anedi saaruupyatalu mariyu padajaala upapadaala nundi udbhavinchindi. moukhika grahanasakti sthaayi upapareekshalu krinda vivarinchabaddaayih
vci anedi moukhika bhavana nirmaanam yokka mottam kolata (pillala moukhikamgaa tarkinchagala saamarthyam) mariyu ardha ghnaanam dwara prabhaavitamavutundi.
verses block design mariyu vijuval puzzles sub testla nundi udbhavinchindi. eee upa pareekshalu eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaih
verses anedi drushya praadaesika prosessing yokka kolata.
fri anedi maatrika tarkam mariyu sankhya baruvula upapareekshala nundi teesukobadindi. dravam tarkam sthaayi upapareekshalu krinda vivarinchabaddaayih
fri anedi taarkika mariyu parimaanaatmaka tarkam yokka kolata.
wmi anedi ankela spaan mariyu picture spaan upapareekshala nundi teesukobadindi. working memory scale yokka upa pareekshalu eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaih
wmi anedi pani chese ghnaapakasakti yokka kolata.
saie anedi coding mariyu simbal serch sub testla nundi teesukobadindi. prosessing vegam upapareekshalu eee krindi vidhamgaa unnaih
psi anedi prosessing vegam yokka kolata.
kolata viski-vii prachuranalo pratyeka clinical prayojanaala kosam ledhaa paristhitula kosam pondagalige aidu anubandha suuchika skorlu unnaih parimaanaatmaka taarkika suuchika (qri), shravana working memory suuchika (avmi), asaabdika suuchika (nvi), saadhaarana saamarthyam suuchika (gai), mariyu abhignaa naipunhya suuchika (cpi). eee anubandha suuchika skorlalo moodu (nvi, gai mariyu cpi) 10 praathamika upapareekshala nundi pondavacchu. aidu praathamika pramaanaalalo okadaanilo (shabda grahanasakti sthaayi, drushya praadaesika suuchika, dravam tarkam sthaayi, working memory sthaayi mariyu prosessing vegam sthaayi) unna upapareekshala nundi oka adanapu upapareekshanu nirvahinchadam dwara qri mariyu avmi rendintinee pondavacchu, conny avi praadhamikamainavi kaavu. eee upapareekshala samitini dviteeya upapareekshalu (wetchsler, 2014) anie pilustaaru.
2014 prachurana tarvaata samvatsaram vistarinchina suuchika skorlu anie piluvabade rendu anubandha suuchika skorlu vidudala cheyabaddaayi, kabatti prachurinchina maanyuvallalo cherchabadaledu. ivi verbal (expanded chrystalized) index (vesi) mariyu expanded fluid index (efi) (riford, drosedic, jhang, & jhou, 2015).
saadhinchadaaniki mukhyamaina mariyu nirdishta abhyasa vaikalyalaku sunnitamaina abhignaa prakriyalanu kolavadaniki moodu paripuurakaramaina suuchika skorlu andubaatulo unnaayi. paripuurakaramaina suuchika skorlu anevi vegavantamaina naamakaranaanni kolavadaniki roopondinchina naamakarana vegam suuchika (nsi), mariyu drushya-moukhika anubandha ghnaapakasaktini kolavadaniki roopondinchina chihna anuvaada suuchika, dheenini konnisaarlu prachurinchina saahityamlo drushya-moukhika jatha anubandha abhyasam anie pilustaaru (wetchsler, 2014). naamakarana vaega pramaanamloo vaega aksharaasyata anae paeru pettadam untundi, idhi vegavantamaina svayamchaalaka naamakaranaanni mariyu vegavantamaina aksharaasyatanu kolustundi, idhi vaanijyaparamgaa prachurinchabadina mariyu vegavantamaina parimaanamlo naamakaranaaniki praamaanika kolata, dheenini upasheershika anie kooda pilustaaru. vaega parimaanaaniki paeru pettadam anedi ganita sadhana mariyu ganitamlo nirdishta abhyasa vaikalyalaku pratyaekamaina sunnitatvam kaligi untundi (riford mariyu itarulu., 2016; wetchsler, riford, & holdnack, 2014).
cycometric lakshanaalu.
viska-vii pramaana namoonaalo 6 nundi 16 samvatsaraala vayassu madhya 11 nelala vayassu gala 2,200 mandhi pillalu unnaaru. pramaana namuunaatoe paatu, aneka pratyeka samuuha namuunaalanu sekarinchaaru, veetilo eee krindivi unnaih medho pratibha kaligina pillalu, telikapati ledhaa mitamaina medho vaikalyam unna pillalu, nirdishta abhyasa rugmatalu unna pillalu (chadavadam, vraatapuurvaka vyakteekarana mariyu ganitam), adhd unna pillalu, vighaata pravartana unna pillalu, aangla bhasha abhyaasakulu, bhasha balaheenatatoo autism spectrum desorder unna pillalu, bhasha balaheenata laeni autism spectrum desorder unna pillalu mariyu baadhaakaramaina medadu gaayaalato unna pillalu.
viski-vii anedi sadhana, anukuula pravartana, karyanirvahaka paniteeru mariyu pravartana mariyu bhavodvegam yokka charyalatho kooda mudipadi untundi. pareekshala yokka wetchsler kutumbamlo mariyu coffman pareeksha (kaabsi-III) thoo jeevitakaalamlo vividha medho saamarthya skorla madhya polikalanu enable chese samanatva adhyayanalu kooda nirvahinchabaddaayi. sthaayi yokka viswasaneeyata mariyu praamaanikatanu pariseelinchadaaniki aneka ummadi adhyayanalu nirvahinchabaddaayi. viska-vii yokka convergent mariyu vivakshata praamaanikata yokka aadharalu eee krindi parikaraalatoe sahasambandha adhyayanala dwara andinchabadataayih viska-aivi, wpsi-aivi, vais-aivi, vaasi-aivi, kaabsi-aivi, ketty-3, viet-aivi, nepsy-aivi, wineland-aivi, mariyu bask-aivi. pratyeka samuuham mariyu vaidyetara pillala saripolina namuunaalanu upayoginchi kaaraka-vislaeshanhaatmaka adhyayanalu mariyu sagatu polikala dwara nirmaana chellubaatu yokka aadharalu andinchabaddaayi.
upayoginchandi.
viskunu medhassu pareekshagaa matrame kakunda, clinical saadhanamgaa kooda upayogistaaru. kontamandi abhyaasakulu udaaharanaku, attension-deficit hyperactivity desorder (ADHD) mariyu learning disabilities nirdhaaranaku madimpulo bhaagamgaa viskunu upayogistaaru. idhi saadhaaranamgaa "namuunaa vislaeshanha" anae prakriya dwara jarugutundi, dheenilo vividha upapareekshala skorlu okadaanitoe okati polchabadataayi (ipsative scoring) mariyu itarulaku sambandhinchi asadhaaranamgaa takkuva skorla samuuhaalu vetakabadataayi. david wetchsler swayamgaa swayamgaa dheenini suuchimchaadu.
ayithe, parisoedhana idhi ADHD ledhaa abhyasa vaikalyalanu nirdhaarinchadaaniki samarthavanthamaina maargamgaa choopinchadu. adhd unna pillalalo ekkuva mandhi itarula kante gananeeyamgaa takkuva konni upa-pareekshalanu pradarsincharu, mariyu atuvanti namuunaalanu pradarsinche chaalaa mandhi pillalaku adhd undadu. abhyasa vaikalyalunna pillala kosam itara namuunaalu roganirdhaarana saadhanamgaa visklo upayogakaramaina koratanu chuuputaayi. ayinappatikee, viska-vii upa-pareekshalanu ardham chesukovadaniki cottle-horn-caroll siddhaantaanni upayoginchinappudu, vishayalu chaalaa ekkuva ardhavantamgaa untaayi.
pillalanu nirdhaarincheetappudu, uttama abhyasam bahula-pareeksha byaatareeni suuchistumdi, "antey.ii.", bahula-kaaraka moolyaankanam, abhyasa samasyalu, shraddha mariyu bhavodvega ibbandulu ilanti lakshanaalanu kaligi undavacchu, saha-sambhavinchavachhu ledhaa parasparam prabhaavitam cheyavachu. udaaharanaku, neerchukoevadamloo ibbandulu unna pillalu bhavodvegaparamga kalata chendavacchu, tadwara ekagrata samasyalu undavacchu, pravartana samasyalanu pradarsinchadam praarambhinchavacchu ledhaa rendoo kaavacchu. ADHD unna pillalu vaari shraddha samasyala kaaranamgaa neerchukoevadamloo ibbandulanu chuupavachchu ledhaa abhyasa rugmata ledhaa vaikalyam (ledhaa vaerae aemee undakapovachhu) kaligi undavacchu. sankshiptamgaa, chinnanati ledhaa vayojanula kashtalanu gurtinchadam anedi okka ii. kyuu. (ledhaa interview, vaidyudi pareeksha, tallidandrula nivedika, itara pareekshalu modalainavi) aadhaaramgaa eppuduu cheyakudadu. aaa vishayam kosam) abhignaa saamarthya pareeksha itara pareekshalu mariyu samachara muulaalatoe kalipi, samasyalaku itara vivaranalu, saha-anaarogya samasyalanu velikiteese, mariyu sarigga vislaeshimchinappudu mariyu oke saaraamsam iqu score (sattler, dumont, & colson, 2016) paie aadharapadakunda undataaniki shraddha teesukunnappudu samaachaaraaniki goppa vanarugaa undataaniki sahaayapadutundi.
pillala telivitaetalu mariyu paatasaalalo athani/aame paniteeru madhya vyatyaasaalanu choopinchadaaniki viskunu upayoginchavacchu (mariyu eee pareekshanu upayogistunnappudu paatasaala manastatvavettalu eee vyatyaasaanni chuustaaru). clinical nepadhyamlo, wood cock johnson III ledhaa wetchsler vyaktigata sadhana pareeksha II vanti vijaya pareekshalo medhassu skorlu mariyu skorla poolika dwara abhyasa vaikalyalanu nirdhaarinchavacchu. pillala medho paniteeru sthaayini batti (viski-aivi vanti iqu pareeksha nundi udbhavinchinatlugaa) aasinchina daanikante takkuva saadhinchinatlayithe, appudu abhyasa vaikalyam undavacchu. itara manastatvavettalu mariyu parisoedhakulu prati upapareekshanu pariseelinchadam dwara maanava manassu yokka sanklishtatalanu ardham chesukovadaniki visknu upayoginchavacchani mariyu vaastavaaniki, abhyasa vaikalyalanu nirdhaarinchadamlo sahaayapadagaladani nammutaaru.
tadanantaram, medho pratibha, abhyasa ibbandulu mariyu abhignaa balaalu mariyu balaheenatalanu gurtinchadaaniki madimpu batterylo bhaagamgaa visknu upayoginchavacchu. anukuula pravartana anchanaa vyavastha-III (abas-III; haarisan & oklaand, 2003) mariyu pillala ghnaapakasakti sthaayi (cms; kohen, 1997) vanti itara charyalatho kalipinappudu daani clinical utilityni meruguparachavacchu. ilanti kalayikalu abhignaa mariyu anukuula paniteerupai samacharanni andistaayi, ivi rendoo neerchukoevadamloo ibbandulu mariyu neerchukoevadam mariyu ghnaapakasakti paniteeru yokka saraina rooga nirdhaaranaku avasaram, phalitamgaa pillala abhignaa paniteeru yokka goppa chitram erpadutundi.
viska-vii anedi vidya sadhana-moodava edition (ktea-3; kaufman & kaufman, 2014) yokka kaufman pareeksha mariyu vidya sadhana yokka kolata ayina wetchsler vyaktigata sadhana pareeksha-III (viet-III; purson, 2009) thoo mudipadi undhi. eee anusandhanam pillalalo abhignaa saamarthyam mariyu vidyaaparamaina sadhana rendintipai samacharanni andistundi. takkuva vidya saadhanaku dohadapade nirdishta abhignaa lopaalanu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki mariyu bhavishyat vidya sadhananu anchanaa vaeyadaaniki paatasaala amarikalalo medho paniteeru pareekshalu vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadataayi. Wisc-v nii atuvanti paddhatiloo upayoginchadam anedi abhyasa ibbandulu mariyu abhignaa lopaalanu parishkarinche jokyalu vanti vidyaaparamaina jokyam prayojanaala kosam samacharanni andistundi.
pillala kalakramanusara vayassuku sambandhinchi pillala abhignaa abhivruddhini anchanaa vaeyadaaniki kooda viska-vii nii upayoginchavacchu. itara dayta vanarulatho ituvanti polikalanu upayoginchi, pillala abhivruddhi mariyu manasika sreyassuku sambandhinchina samacharanni wisk andinchagaladu. atuvanti abhivruddhi vaividhyaanni angeekarinchadamlo samasyalanu kaliginche saamaajika sandarbhaalalo sardubaatu ibbandulaku chaalaa ekkuva ledhaa chaalaa takkuva skorlu dohadapade amsaalanu suuchimchavachchu (ledhaa adhika abhignaa paniteeru yokka nirdishta sthaayi kante ekkuva undakudadu). 
intertail loe pravaesaaniki 135 ledhaa anthakante ekkuva fsiq skoru aamodinchabadutundi, idhi medhoparamgaa bahumati pondina vaari kosam oka samajam.
anuvaadaalu.
viskunu aneka bhashalaku anuvadinchaaru ledhaa sweekarinchaaru, mariyu spanish, portugees (brazil mariyu portugees), arabic, island, norwegian, swedish, finnish, check, crotian, french (france mariyu kenada), german (germany, austria mariyu switzerland), inglish (united states, kenada, united kingdom, australia), velsh, dutch, japanese, chainees (hangkong, taiwan), corian (dakshina korea), greeku, roman, indones, slovenian, hebru mariyu italian vanti aneka deshaalaku nibandhanalu sthaapinchabaddaayi. prati anuvaadamtoe pratyeka nibandhanalu erpaatu cheyabadataayi. (norway swedish nibandhanalanu upayogistundi). bhaarata pillalu (missic) kosam malin yokka medhassu sthaayini bharatadesam upayogistundi, idhi orther zhe. malin. ayithe, missic yokka nibandhanalu paatavi (50 samvatsaraalugaa naveekarinchabadaledu) mariyu chaalaa mandhi clinical manastatvavettalu fline prabhavam kaaranamgaa kolichina iquelalo saadhyamayye lopaala kaaranamgaa eee pareekshanu vaari aacharanalo upayogincharu. abhivruddhi chendutunna deshaaniki chendina bharatiya pillalu gatha 5 dasabdaluga vaari medho saamardhyalalo aneka maarpulaku gurayyaru, idhi tappudu anuvartanaanni anavasaram chestundi, ayithe kontamandi psychometricianlu ituvanti maarpulu chinnavi anie suuchistunnaaru, anduvalla pareeksha ippatikee vartistundi. missikku badulugaa, badulugaa bharatadesam kosam sweekarinchabadina mariyu praamaanikam cheyabadina nalgava edition disk, saadhaaranamgaa vaidyulu aamodinchaaru mariyu upayogistaaru. bhaaratadesamlo guudachaara anchanaa kosam atyanta vistrutamgaa upayoginche pareekshagaa, missikku ippatikee daani maddatudaarulu unnaaru, mariyu desavyaaptamgaa vaidyulu dheenini upayoginchadam konasaagistaaru, dheeni kaaranamgaa daani nibandhanalanu naveekarinchaali. japanese manastatvavettalu kazuhiko yueno, kazuhiro fujita, hisavo mekawa, toshinori ishikuma, hitoshi diaroku mariyu osaamu matsuda viska-aivi yokka japanese samskarananu abhivruddhi chesaaru.

