
hydrobidae

saadhaaranamgaa matti nattalu anie piluvabade hydrobidae, chaalaa chinna manchineeti mariyu uppati neeti nattalatho kuudina pedda cosmopolitan kutumbam, ivi operculamtho untaayi; avi littorinimorpha kramamlo untaayi.
pampinhee.
antarcitica minaha anni khandaalalo nivasinche hydrobidae prapanchamlooni chaalaa praantaalalo kanipistaayi. australialo matrame eee kutumbamlo 260 kii paiga jaatulu unnaayi.
vivarana.
ivi chaalaa chinna ledhaa chinna nattalu, ivi 8 mimi kante takkuva etthu galavi. dextrally-coiled shellu mruduvugaa untaayi (bayati pedavi akaaraaniki anugunamgaa unde perugudala rekhalu minaha) mariyu saadhaaranamgaa varninchabadavu. eee kutumbamloni jaatulanu vargeekarinchadaaniki prayatnistunna vyavastheekruta nipunudiki eee shell chaalaa takkuva balamaina lakshanaalanu andistundi. eee kashtam adhika sthaayi antarsampurna vaividhyam dwara koodi untundi. vivaranalu tarachugaa operculum, radula mariyu purushangam yokka lakshanaalapai aadharapadi undaali.
eee kutumbamloni jaatula kavacham planispiral nundi suudi aakaaramlo maarutuu untundi. shell loe open boddu ledhaa plug cheyabadina boddu undavacchu. shell yokka mandam sannani nundi chaalaa ghanamgaa maaravacchu. shell paaradarsakamgaa mariyu kommu rangulo ledhaa rangulenidigaa undavacchu.
shell loe sudigundala sankhya rendu mariyu enimidi madhya maarutuu untundi. shell konnisaarlu boddy varl yokka attachmentnu vadulukovadam dwara carkscru ledhaa kommu lanty aakaraanni kooda pondavacchu. periostracum (shell yokka bayati pora) saadhaaranamgaa sannaga untundi mariyu tarachugaa rangulo untundi. idhi konnisaarlu juttu lanty anchanaalanu chooputundi.
sinus eparcharu puurtigaa untundi, saiphonal kaaluva ledhaa itara podigimpula dwara antaraayam kaliginchadu. konnisaarlu idhi mandamgaa untundi. protoconch saadhaaranamgaa gopuram aakaaramlo untundi, mariyu saadhaaranamgaa konni vruttaakaaraalanu chooputundi.
carnius operculum saadhaaranamgaa baga erpadutundi mariyu konni surululanu matrame chooputundi.
thala, paadam, montil mariyu viseral kaayil melanin varnadravyam thoo laetha buudida rangu nundi muduru oodaa-nalupu rangulo untaayi. bhoogarbha jaatulu tarachugaa varnadravyam laenivi.
balamaina paadaanni shell loki venakki teesukovachhu. shleshma grandhulu paadam yokka puurva anchuna untaayi. prushtha shleshma grandhulu laevu. cemetrical sephalic tentacles muduru ledhaa gundrani konalatho daaram lantivi. kallu gudaaraala adugubhaagamlo untaayi.
tenedium (duvvena lanty swaasakosha upakaranam) palliyal kuharam yokka chaalaa podavu venta velutundi. eee swaasakosha grandhi 10 nundi 200 tribhujaakaara tantuvulanu kaligi untundi. swaasanaalamtoe anusandhaaninchabadina ghraana avayavam ayina osphradium saadhaaranamgaa saapekshamgaa chinnadigaa untundi.
tineoglosate radulalo yaabhai varusalaku paiga dantaalu untaayi. kendra panti trapezoidal. parshwa dantaalaku konni nundi aneka kasplu untaayi. anchu dantaalu saadhaaranamgaa aneka kasplatho untaayi.
eee jaatulu saadhaaranamgaa maga mariyu aada vyaktulanu kaligi untaayi, conny chaalaa arudugaa punarutpatti antargata phaladeekaranam valla parthenogenic kaavacchu. aadavi neeti mokkala aakulu ledhaa kaandam meeda oke gulikalo gudlu pedataayi. conny konnisaarlu avi sareeram yokka paliyal gonaduct lopala podige gudlanu utpatti chestaayi, mariyu eee sandarbhaallo pillalu sajeevamgaa janmistaayi. nadeemukhaalalo nivasinche jaatulu konnisaarlu vegavantamaina larvalanu utpatti chestaayi.
eee kutumbam yokka shilaja namodu prarambha carboniferous varaku vistarinchi undhi.
paryaavaranam.
nivaasam.
eee kutumbaaniki chendina chaalaa jaatulu manchineeti (sarassulu, cheruvulu, nadulu, pravahalu) loe nivasistaayi, conny konni uppuneeti ledhaa manchineeti mariyu uppuneeti madhya sarihaddulalo kanipistaayi. konni samudra vaataavaranamloo algay mariyu samudra gaddi madhya isuka ledhaa burada diguva bhagalalo sambhavistaayi.
aaharapu alavaatlu.
eee chinna nattalu algay, diatumlu mariyu detritusnu tintaayi.
vargeekarana.
idhi suupar family trancatelloidialo atipedda kutumbam. edho oka samayamlo daadaapu 400 jaatulu eee kutumbaaniki ketayinchabaddayi, mariyu bahusha 1,000 kante ekkuva jaatulu. jalajeevula kutumbam prapanchamlooni manchineeti molaskla yokka atyanta vistrutamaina mariyu vaividhyamaina kutumbam, idhi pravahalu mariyu esteurine kreekla nundi alpine bogs varaku aneka rakaala aavasalanu aakraminchindi.
eee kutumbaaniki modata 1857loe troashell hydrobia anae paeru pettaru. troashell vaari rank gurinchi khachitamgaa teliyadu, mariyu athanu vaarini tineoglosata lithoglyphy mariyu ansiloti madhya unna tenobranchiatalo unchaadu. samvatsaraalugaa taginanta mariyu marinta chakkaga vibhajinchabadina vargeekarananu ivvadaaniki aneka prayatnaalu jarigaayi. thile (1925,1929 mariyu 1931) saadhaarana sthaayilo kutumba sameekshato atyanta samagra vargeekarananu erpaatu chesaaru.
hydrobidae vargeekarana gurinchi gurtinchadagina rachanalalo radoman rachanalu unnaayi, udaaharanaku radoman (1983).
kabat und hershler (1993) paerkonnatlugaa vargeekarana, monophilatic samuuhaanni erpaatu cheyaledu, mariyu savarana avasaram undhi.
vilke mariyu itarulu chesina adhyayanam. (2001) koyy (cytochrome sii accidase subunit i) mariyu 18la janyuvula nundi paramaanu daetaanu upayoginchadam valla kotta taatkaalika upa kutumbaala samiti erpadindihi hydrobyine, soodamnikoline, nymphophiline, islamine mariyu horatine.
2005 vargeekarana.
2005 nundi buchet & rokroi yokka gastropod vargeekaranalo eee krindi upa kutumbaalu gurtinchabaddaayih
buchet & rokroi (2005) vargeekarana prakaram amnicolidae mariyu kokliyopide pratyeka kutumbaluga pariganinchabadataayi.