
paschima australialo inupa khanijam tavvakam

paschima australialo inupa khanijam tavvakam, 2018-19 aardhika samvatsaramlo, rashtra vanarula utpattilo mottam viluvalo 54 saatam, viluva $78.2 biliyanlu. paschima australialo khanijalu mariyu petrolium parisrama mottam viluva $145 biliyanlu, idhi munupati aardhika samvatsaramtho poliste 26 saatam perugudala.
paschima australia yokka inupa khanijam utpatti 2020-21 kosam 838.7 million tannulu, idhi 2017-18 taruvaata rendava atyadhika sankhya. paschima australia khanijamlo ekkuva bhaagam chainaku vellindi, idhi 2021 utpattilo 82 saatam digumati chesukundi, taruvaata japan mariyu dakshina korea, okkokkati 6 saatamtoe unnaayi. eee rashtram prapanchamlooni inupa khanijamlo 29 saatamtoe prapanchamlone atipedda inupa khanija nilvalanu kaligi undhi, aaa taruvaata brazil 19 saatamtoe, russia 15 saatamtoe mariyu chaina 12 saatamtoe unnaayi.
paschima australia prabhutvam raashtramloni inupa khanijam ganula tavvakam parisrama nundi 9.8 billion dollarla raayalteeni andukundi.
charitra.
1957loe staan hilditch kanugonna mount wellback deposit vanti pilbara inupa khanija niksheepaalu telisinappatikii, 1960loe australia prabhutvam inupa khanijam egumatulapai aankshalanu ettivese varaku khanijam korata kaaranamgaa ganula tavvakam utsaahamgaa praarambhamaindi. 1960la madhyakaalam varaku, paschima australialo mariyu mottam australialo inupa khanijam utpatti samvatsaraaniki 10 million tannula kante takkuva paridhiloo chaalaa takkuvagaa undedi. 1970la madhya natiki, eee sankhya 100 million tannulaku cherukundi, veetilo ekkuva bhaagam paschima australia nundi vachayi. 1980laloe utpatti koddigaa taggindi, conny 1990laloe merugupadi, 1997 natiki deshaaniki 150 million tannulu mariyu 2003 natiki 200 million tannulaku cherukundi.
pilbaaraaloni modati gani, goaled swordi gani, 1965loe mount goaled swordi maining associates chetha abhivruddhi cheyabadindi, idhi british yaajamaanyamloni consolidated goaled fields (aust) pti limited, cyprus maines corporation off laas angels mariyu shaan francisco yokka utah construction & maining company madhya joint venture. oka private railway line, goldsworth railway, alaage finucane dveepam, port headland vadda odarevu soukaryaalu kooda nirminchabaddaayi. 1966 juun 1naa, pilbara nundi inupa khanijam yokka modati ravana "harves" loe vadiliveyabadindi. mudd ".
newmanlo bihechpi karyakalapalu 1968 nativi, mount wellback gani prarambhamainappudu, idhi prapanchamlone atipedda oke okka open-pitt inupa khanijam gani. mount neuman anae kotta pattanam, alaage 426 kilometres railway line, mount neuman railway nirminchabadindi. modati railu 1969 janavari 1naa mount neuman nundi bayaluderindi mariyu neuman dhaatuvu yokka modati ravana 1969 april 1naa "osumi maaru" loe odarevunu vadilindi. neuman 1981 varaku "moosiveyabadina" company pattanamgaa undipoyindi.
pilbaralo reo tinto yokka inupa khanija karyakalapalu 1966loe prarambhamayyayi, aaa samvatsaram mount tomm prais gani praarambhinchabadindi, idhi pilbaralo praarambhinchina company yokka modati ganigaa maarindi.
sameeksha.
anveshana.
gatha aardhika samvatsaramtho poliste paschima australialo inupa khanijam anveshana vyayam 33 saatam perigindi, idhi mottam khanija anveshana vyayamlo $560 millionlu.
utpatti.
paschima australialo inupa khanija utpattilo ekkuva bhaagam raashtramloni pilbara praantam nundi vastundi. ayithe aneka ganulu madhya paschima mariyu kimberley praantaalatoo paatu godhuma beltlo kooda unnaayi.
pedda rendu utpattidaarulu, reo tinto mariyu bihechpi, raashtramlo mottam inupa khanija utpattilo 90 saatam vatanu kaligi unnaayi, moodava atipedda utpattidaaru fortesque metal group.
reo tinto paschima australialo pannendu inupa khanija ganulanu nirvahistondi, veetilo beehechpi edu, fortesque rendu, annee pilbara praantamloo unnaayi.
railway.
pilbara praantam.
moodu atipedda inupa khanija utpattidaarulu tama ganula nundi teeramloni odarevulaku khanijanni ravana cheyadaaniki private railu netvarklanu nirvahistunnaaru.
beehechpi goldsworth railway mariyu mount neuman railvenu nirvahistundi, rendoo port headland vadda mugustaayi.
reo tinto hammersley & robe river railvenu nirvahistundi, idhi 2001loe hammersley mariyu robe river railways vileenamtho erpadindi. rendu panktulu cape lambert mariyu dampier vadda mugustaayi.
fmg yokka fortesque railway, saapekshamgaa kottadi, 2008loe panicheyadam praarambhinchindi. eee line port headland vadda mugustundi. sonta marganni nirminchaalani nirnayinchukune mundu, australia jaateeya pootii mandali 2004 juun 15naa fmg nundi mount neuman railwaylo kontha bhaganni mariyu goldsworth railwaylo kontha bhaganni upayoginchadaaniki oka darakhaastunu andukundi.
juun 2010loe, australian competition tribunal efmgki reo tinto yokka robe river line mariyu bihechpi billiton yokka goldsworth lineku access manjuru cheyabadutundani teerpu ichindi, conny raddiigaa unde hammersley mariyu mount neuman linelaku kaadu. moodava pakshalu railu maargaalanu cherukovadam valla aneka prayojanaalu pondutaayani koshadhikari wayne swan suuchimchaaru. idhi pootiini penchutundi, moulika sadupayala nakileeni taggistundi mariyu paryaavarana nashtanni taggistundi. maroe juuniyar inupa khanijam ganula karmikudu atlas iron, bhavishyattulo company yokka konni railu moulika sadupayalu, goldsworth railvenu upayoginchadaaniki sambandhinchi bihechpi bilitantho oppandam kudurchukovalani aasistondi. 2010 chivaralo, oka erpaatu elaa panichestundane daanipai ummadi saadhyasaadhya adhyayanaaniki bihechpi angeekarinchindi.
moodava pakshalu railu netvarklanu access cheyadam rashtra oppandaala chattam dwara nirvahinchabadutundi.
paschima railway praantam.
itara ganulu rashtra prabhutva yaajamaanyamloni railvelanu upayoginchi odarevuku anusandhaaninchabadataayi. udaaharanalu windarling shreni mariyu coolanobing-coolanobing nundi esperance naukaasrayam varaku; morawa vadda rashtra netvarkku anusandhaaninche 60 kimmy spurr line upayoginche kulanuka mariyu mungada; mariyu enti gibson trucking perenjori vadda dhaatuvu loading siding varaku.
portulu.
pilbaralo, inupa khanijam port headland, dampier mariyu cape lambert nundi ravana cheyabadutundi. taruvaati rendu naukaasrayaalanu reo tinto pratyaekamgaa upayogistundagaa, port headlandnu bihechpi, efmg mariyu atlas iron upayogistaayi.
port headland vadda unna naukashraya soukaryaalalo nelson point mariyu finucane dveepam, rendoo beehechpi, mariyu herb elliot port, fmg upayogistundi. dumpierlo, parker point mariyu thoorpu sambhoga dveepam nundi dhaatuvu ravana cheyabadutundi.
pilbara kaani ganulu tama dhaatuvunu itara naukaasrayaala nundi ravana chestaih esperance naukaasrayam nundi windarling shreni noukalu; jaak hills, kulanuka, mungada mariyu enti gibson ganulu geraldton nundi ravana chestaayi.
prajectulu.
beehechpi prastutam daani "vegavantamaina vruddhi project 4" kosam $1.85 biliyanlu kharchu chestondi, daani vaarshika inupa khanija utpattini 155 million tannulaku penchadam dheeni lakshyam. dheenini saadhinchadaaniki, ganulu mariyu naukashraya soukaryaalu rendintikee merugudalalu avasaram. eee project 2010 natiki puurti kaavadaaniki pranaalika cheyabadindi. taduparigaa, 4.8 billion dollarla budjetto "vegavantamaina vruddhi project 5", samvatsaraaniki 50 million tannula utpattini penchaalani lakshyamgaa pettukundi. ganulu mariyu naukaasrayaalalo merugudalalaku adanamgaa, indulo ippatike unna railway linela nakileekarana kooda untundi mariyu 2011 chivarilo puurtikaavaalsi undhi. zimble baar gani maroka vistarana prajectulo bhaagam, idhi 2010loe praarambhinchabadindi mariyu pilbara ganula nundi utpattini 2013 natiki samvatsaraaniki 240 million tannulaku penchaalani lakshyamgaa pettukundi. zimble baar vistarana, port headland vadda lopali naukashraya vistarana mariyu railu pattaala nakilee panulatho paatu $I. D. 1 anchanaa vyayam avutundi. eee prajectuku "vegavantamaina vruddhi project 6" anie paeru pettaru.
reo tinto thana kotta aasha taggimpu 4 project kosam $1.78 biliyanlu kharchu chesi, 2013 natiki etaa 15 million tannula inupa khanijanni utpatti cheyaalani nirnayinchukundi. reo thana kotta westran turner sinkline project nirmaanaanni praarambhinchindi. reo tinto 2010 december praarambhamlo brokeman 4 ganulanu samvatsaraaniki 22 nundi 40 million tannulaku vistarinchadaaniki, alaage daani westran turner sinkline prajectunu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki, pranaalikaabaddhamaina utpattini 6 nundi 15 million tannulaku penchadaaniki, 2013 chivari natiki pilbara utpattini samvatsaraaniki 283 million tannulaku penche lakshyamtho maroe 1.24 billion dollarlu ketaayinchindi. eee vistarana pilbaralo brokeman 4 reo tinto yokka rendava atipedda ganila chestundi. company cape lambert naukaasrayamloo marinta nirmaanaanni kooda praarambhinchindi, idhi marinta vistaranaku gurikawalsi undhi, idhi 2012 natiki puurtavutumdi. kotta vistaranaku $276 millionlu kharchu avtundani anchanaa. eee vistarana anedi 2016 natiki pilbara nundi reo vaarshika utpattini 220 million tannula nundi 330 million tannulaku penche pranaalikaloo bhaagam. dheenini saadhinchadaaniki, cape lambert naukashraya saamarthyaanni samvatsaraaniki adanamgaa 100 million tannulanu nirvahinchadaaniki vistarinchabadutundi.
cloude break gani yokka 220 million dollarla upgraded dwara utpattini 39 million tannula nundi 55 million tannulaku penchadaaniki fortesque metal group pranaalikalu daani chainees pettubadidaarula dwara nidhula ibbandula kaaranamgaa october 2009loe raddu cheyavalasi vachindi. badulugaa, fortesque thana chrismus creak ganilo oka gani mariyu proses plaantnu nirminchi, daanini ippatike unna railu netvarkku anusandhaaninchadam dwara 360 million dollarla vyayamtho abhivruddhi cheyaalani nirnayinchukundi. chrismus creak thana modati samvatsaramlo 16 million tannula inupa khanijanni utpatti cheyanundi. 2012 natiki 95 million tannula inupa khanijam vaarshika utpattini cherukovalani, idhi munupati 120 millionla lakshyam nundi tagginchaalani fortesque yochistondi.
cape preston vadda, citic pasiphik maining prastutam, 2010 natiki, samvatsaraaniki 27.6 million tannula magnetite inupa khanijam ganulanu nirminche prakriyaloo undhi, dheeniki sino inupa project anie paeru pettaru.
egumati.
chaina, 2008-09 loe, paschima australia inupa khanijam yokka pradhana digumatidaarugaa undhi, 64 saatam ledhaa $21 billionla viluvanu teesukundi. japan 21 saatamtoe rendava atyanta mukhyamaina market, dakshina korea 10 saatamtoe mariyu taiwan 3thoo. polchi choosthe, airopa rashtram nundi dhaatuvu kosam oka chinna market, idhi mottam utpattilo kevalam oka saatam matrame 2008-09 loe teesukundi.
vimarsha.
2000la prarambham nundi paschima australialo inupa khanijam tavvakam vijrumbhana pratyaekamgaa sanukoolamgaa chudabadaledu. pilbara praantamlooni communitylu nivaasa mariyu fly-inn fly-avt kaarmikula pedda pravahanni chushai, idhi bhoomi dharalu aakaasaanni taakinavi mariyu vasati takkuvagaa unnanduna paryatakanni pratikuulamgaa prabhaavitam chesindi.
aadimavaasula sanghaalu.
eee praantamlooni australian aadima samskruti bhoomi mariyu neetitho lothugaa mudipadi undhi mariyu ganula tavvakam karyakalapalu pilbara yokka pelusugaa unna edaari vaataavaranaanni bediristunnaayi. sthaanika ganula tavvakam parisrama dwara utpatti ayye sampada tama gundaa velutondani, vaaru venukabadi unnaarani pilbaaraaloni sthaanikulu vaadistunnaaru. vasati lekapovadam mariyu "dummugala avtback" kuu maaradam yokka aakarshanheeyam kaani swabhaavam phalitamgaa ekkuva mandhi fly-inn fly-avt kaarmikulu panicheesaaru, sthaanika pattanaalu adhika-sampaadana shaashwata janabha prayojanaalanu kolpotunnayi.
australialoni ganula tavvakam companylu 1992 nundi sthaanika aadimavaasula patla tama vaikharini marchukunnayi. 1992loe, australia prabhutvam sthaanika australianla bhuu hakkulanu gurtinchadam praarambhinchindi, tadwara maining companylatho charchalu jarapadaniki, pariharam kosam mariyu saamskrutika kalakhandalanu samrakshinchadamlo sahayam kosam ottidi cheyadaaniki avakaasam labhinchindi. ayithe, kontamandi aadimavaasulu ganula tavvakam dwara vachhe apaaramaina laabhaalanu drushtilo unchukuni swalpa-maarpunu anubhavistaaru, alaage aardhika prayojanaalu mariyu upaadhi avakaasaalanu vaari aavaasaalaku jarigina vidhvamsamku taginanta pariharamga pariganincharu.
aadima ganula companylu pedda antarjaateeya ganula companylatho oppandaalanu pondagaligaayi. 2007loe, bihechpi billiton yaarii ganulanu nirvahinchadaaniki, oka aadima-yajamanya samstha ayina ngarda sivil und mainingku 300 million dollarla oppandaanni pradaanam chesindi, idhi oka aadima companyki icchina atipedda ganula tavvakam oppandam. aidella oppandamlo bhaagamgaa, mottam 90 mandhi kaarmikulalo ganilo aadima kaarmikula sankhyanu 70kii penchaalani beehechpi billiton yochinchindi. eee oppandaanni oka saanukuula charyaga, eee praantamlooni aadimavaasulanu prabhutva sankshemam nundi dhooramgaa, shaashwata udyogamloki taralinchadam dwara, ngarda managing director brian taylor chuusaaru. 2007loe paschima australia aadimavaasulu raashtramlo 14 saatam nirudyogita retutho baadhapadutundagaa, saadhaarana janabha 3.3 saatamgaa undhi. 2010loe beehechpi biliton thana pilbara karyakalapalalo niyaminchina 12,000 mandiloo 700 mandhi swadaeseeyulu. reo tinto kooda, 2010 natiki, daani mottam sraamikasaktiloo 6 saatam unna pilbara karyakalapalalo 700 mandhi swadeshi kaarmikulanu niyaminchindi. andreau forrest naayakatvamlo efmg australialo swadeshi kaarmikulaku 50,000 udyogaalanu kanugonadam lakshyamgaa oka jaateeya karyakramanni naduputondi. beehechpi, fmg, reo tinto vanti companylu tama karyakalapalalo aadimavaasula udyogula sankhyanu penche lakshyamtho kaaryakramaalanu kaligi unnaayi. 2001loe paschima australialoni sthaanika australianlu janabhalo 3.1% mandhi unnaaru.
ayithe companylaku aadima samskrutipai avagahana ledhu, dheeni kosam yuvakulanu vetaadataaniki mariyu vaari samskruti gurinchi telusukovadaaniki aaru vaaraala varaku bushku pampavalasi untundi. companylu tarachugaa eee mukhyamaina sampradaayaalanu nirvahinchagaligelaa tama sthaanika udyogulaku esaari selavu ivvadaaniki ishtapadavu.
bhadrata.
1960la chivari nundi, ganula vibhagam vastuvula dwara maranaalanu vargeekarinchadam praarambhinchinappati nundi, 2010 varaku, paschima australialoni inupa khanijam ganula parisramalo 86 pani sambandhita maranaalu sambhavinchaayi.
kriyaaseela ganula jabita.
ganulu, parisrama niyantrana mariyu bhadrata vibhagam prakaram, idhi paschima australialoni pradhana kriyaaseela inupa khanija ganula jabita. department yokka pradhana maining prajectula adhikaarika jaabitaaku arhata pondadaaniki, oka operation $5 million kante ekkuva viluvaina khanija ammakalanu kaligi undaali, ledhaa, atuvanti ganaamkaalu nivedinchabadani kaaryakalaapaalaku, kaneesam 50 mandhi udyogulu undali
nishkriyaatmaka mariyu aipoyina ganula jabita.
idhi paschima australialoni munupati inupa khanija ganula jabita
ganaamkaalu.
paschima australia inupa khanijam ganula parisrama vaarshika ganankalu