
aangla bhuu chattam

aangla bhuu chattam anedi ingland mariyu vaelsloo real estate chattam. bhaarii chaaritraka mariyu saamaajika praamukhyata kaaranamgaa, bhoomini saadhaaranamgaa aangla aasti chattamlo atyanta mukhyamaina bhaagamgaa chuustaaru. bhoomi yajamanyam 1066 taruvaata vijaeta vilium sthaapinchina bhuswamya vyavasthalo daani muulaalanu kaligi undhi, mariyu kramamga taggutunna kuleena unikitho, ippudu pedda sankhyalo yajamaanulu real estate kosam churukaina marketlo adatam chuustunnaaru. 
aadhunika chattam yokka muulaalu aasti chattam 1925, sthirapadina bhoomi chattam 1925, bhoomi chaarjeela chattam 1972, bhoomi trusts mariyu trusteela niyamakam chattam 1996 mariyu bhoomi namodu chattam 2002 vanti chattaalatho paatu saadhaarana chattam mariyu samaanatvam yokka paatha nyaayasthaanaala nundi udbhavinchaayi. daani pradhana bhaagamlo, aangla bhoomi chattam bhoomipai aasaktulu unna vyaktula madhya hakkulu mariyu baadhyatala samuparjana, content mariyu praadhaanyatanu kaligi untundi. bhuswamya hakku kaligi undatam, oppanda ledhaa itara vyaktigata hakkulaku viruddhamgaa, idhi itarula daavaalapai adhikaaraalanu srushtistundi, mukhyamgaa bhoomini vikrayinchinatlayithe, yajamani diwala teestaadu ledhaa nirdishta paniteeru vanti vividha parishkaralanu claim chesetappudu, kortulo.
aangla bhuu chattam yokka saampradaaya vishayam saadhaarana chattam, samaanatvam mariyu namodu vyavastha nundi pondina aasti hakkulaku sambandhinchinadi. saadhaaranamgaa, bhoomi yajamanyam ammakapu oppandam dwara pondabadutundi, mariyu konugolunu puurti cheyadaaniki, konugoludaaru adhikarikamga tama vaddeeni hchm land registrylo namodu chesukovali. scatland mariyu uttara irelandlalo ilanti vyavasthalu nadustaayi. ingland mariyu vaelsloo sumaru 15 saatam bhoomi namodu cheyabadaledu, kabatti aasti vivaadaalu ippatikee nyaayasthaanaalu abhivruddhi chesina suutraala dwara nirnayinchabadataayi. modati protocol yokka artical 1 prakaram, kutumba jeevitam mariyu inti hakku, modati artical 8 kinda, mariyu aastulanu saantiyutamgaa aasvaadinche hakku vanti maanava hakkulu prati okkariki vartistaayi, ayithe bhuswamy vaari aasti hakkulapai aadharapadataanni maanava hakkulu oodinchina udaaharanalu chaalaa arudu. 
ammakapu oppandaalato paatu, idhi jaragalani kortulu oka saadhaarana uddesyaaniki aadhaaraalanu kanugonagaligite, prajalu inti konugolu dharaku ledhaa kutumba jeevitaaniki viraalaala dwara bhoomipai vaddeeni pondavacchu. chattam aastipai "phalitamgaa" ledhaa "nirmaanaatmaka trust" nuu angeekaristundi, mariyu vaari illalo prajala saamaajika prayojanaalanu gurtinchadaaniki, 7 samvatsaraala kante takkuva leeju unnatlugaa, veetini namodu cheyavalasina avasaram ledhu. moodavadi, prajalu yajamanya estopel dwara bhoomini pondavacchu. evarikainaa aastini andukuntamani haamii ivvabadi, vaaru tamaku haani kaliginchadaaniki dheeni meeda aadhaarapadithe, kortu daanini angeekarinchavacchu. naalgavadi, pratikuula swaadheenam yajamani adhikaarika abhyantaram lekunda bhoomini kaligi unna vyaktulanu anumatistundi, ayithe idhi ippudu registered hakkuku sambandhinchi saadhinchadam kashtam. bahula vyaktulu bhoomi patla aasakti kaligi undavacchu, mariyu daanini aneka vidhaluga upayoginchavacchu. oke freeholder undavacchu, ledhaa prajalu samyuktamgaa bhoomini kaligi undavacchu. prati okkaroo tama vatanu vidadeeyagala ledhaa vikrayinchagala paristhitulanu chattam nisitamgaa niyantristundi. leejulu, mariyu kontavaraku licensulu, kontha kaalaaniki kotta yajamaanulaku bhoomi viniyogaanni ketayistayi. runagraheeta runaanni tirigi chellinchakapothe aastini swaadheenam chesukune hakkunu runadaatalaku ivvadaaniki tanakha mariyu itara rakaala bhadrata vaddeeni saadhaaranamgaa upayogistaaru. soulabhyam mariyu odambadikalu poruguvaari madhya hakkulu mariyu vidhulanu kaligi untaayi, udaaharanaku poruguvadu oka bhuubhaagampai nirminchani oppandamtho ledhaa maargam yokka hakkunu manjuru cheyadaaniki.
charitra.
aangla bhuu chattam yokka charitranu roman kalalalo mariyu saxon chakravartula krinda cheekati yugaalalo kanugonavacchu, ikkada maanava charitralo chaalaa varaku, bhoomi saamaajika sampadaku pradhana vanarugaa undedi. 1066 naati norman dandayaatra taruvaata, ingland antataa oka saadhaarana chattam nirminchinappudu, real estate yokka aangla chattam praarambhamaindi. kotta raaju, vilium dhi kankanyur, ingland yokka bhuswamya niyamaalanu praamaaneekarinchadam praarambhinchaadu mariyu mottam bhoomi mariyu daani viluvaku sambandhinchina suuchananu 1086 gopuram pustakamlo sankalanam chesaadu.
pannulu mariyu chellinchaalsina bhuswamya bakayilanu nirnayinchadaaniki idhi upayoginchabadindi. bhuusvaamyavaadam antey mottam bhoomi chakravarthy aadheenamlo undatame. bhuumilooni estatelanu prabhuvulaku manjuru chesaaru, vaaru aastini addedaarulaku panchukunnaru. addedaarulu mariyu prabhuvulaku pani, sainika seva mariyu golusu unnavaariki mariyu chivariki kiriitaaniki pannu chellimpu vanti baadhyatalu undevi. chaalaa mandhi raitulu tama yajamaanulato bandhinchabaddaaru.
1086loe janabhalo 88 saatam varaku unna baanisalu, kotarlu ledhaa baanisalu, bhoomipai panicheyadaaniki chattam dwara kattubadi unnaaru. vaaru tama prabhuvula anumati lekunda vellalekapoyaru. swechchaayuta purushulugaa vargeekarinchabadina vaaru kooda aastini sampaadinchadaaniki parimita avakaasaala dwara vaari swechhalo parimitam cheyabaddaaru. 1187 loe, raaju henry II yokka pradhana nyaayanirnaeta, runnelf dii glanville, saadhaarana chattam yokka modati pradhana grandham, "tractatus dii legibus ett consuitinibus regney anglia" nuu rachinchaadu, idhi prajalu aasti hakkulanu mariyu okarikokaru vyatiraekamgaa hakkulanu pondadaaniki upayoginche ritla vyavasthanu erpaatu chesindi. 
glanville moodava crusadelo maraninchaadu, crusadela kharchu phalitamgaa asantrupti peragadamtho, aangla baaranlu king jaannu magna carta 1215 paie santakam cheyamani balavantam chesaaru. idhi baaranlaku praatinidhya hakkulaku haamii ichindi, conny "saamaanyulaku" chaalaa takkuva kaligi undhi. ayithe, aneka upavaakyaalu sekarinchabaddaayi mariyu 1217 atavee saasanam loki vistarinchabaddaayi, idhi prajalaku saadhaarana bhoomiki pravesaanni anumatinchindi, ikkada prajalu aaharam kosam vetaadavachhu mariyu chepalu pattavacchu. satabdaalugaa, chattam saadhaarana yajamanyam yokka paridhini vistarinchindi, conny saadhaaranamgaa prajala nundi bhoomini tolaginche dhorani undedi.
commons chattam 1236 oka bhuubhaagam yokka prabhuvuku gatamlo saadhaaranamaina edainaa maanaveeya bhoomini chuttumuttadaaniki anumatinchindi, mariyu westminster 1285 saasanam bhoomini bhuswamy vaarasulaku matrame andela pravesha vyavasthanu lanchanaprayamga chesindi. 1290 naati saasanam "kwiya emptores terrarum" anedi yajamanya holdernu pratyaamnaayam cheyadam dwara matrame bhoomini paraayeekarana cheyadaaniki anumatinchindi, idhi tadupari upa-addedaarula srushtini nilipivesindi. 1215 naati magna carta yokka poura swechhalu, mariyu 1297loe daani punahprachurana, baaranlu mariyu prabhuvula kosam matrame uddesinchabaddaayi, ayithe ekkuva mandhi prajalu paedalu, longipoyinavaaru mariyu bahishkarinchabaddaaru. 1256loe, henry dii brackton rachinchina rendava pradhana grandham, "dii legibus ett consuitinibus anglia" "vyaktulu" mariyu "charyala" chattaalatho paatu aasti ledhaa "vishayalu" chattalanu roopondinchindi.
saamantavaadam ellappuduu aangla samaajamlo bhaagamgaa undedi kaadu, norman dandayaatraku mundu chakravartulu sanukoolamgaa vidhinchaevaaru. ayithe, 1348 nundi nallajati maranam airopalo vyaapinchi, janabhalo moodinta oka vanthu mandini champadamtho pratidee maarindi. kavi geophrey chasser vanti prajalu vidheyatanu devudu niyaminchina sahaja saamaajika kramamlo bhaagamgaa chuusaaru. conny bhuswamulu swayamgaa eee vyaadhi nundi bayatapadi unte, bhoomipai raitula shrama chaalaa takkuvagaa undedi. manugadalo unna raitulu vaetanaala kosam daavaalu ledhaa berasaaraalalo aardhika shakti yokka goppa sthithilo unnaaru. bhuusvaamyavaadam vichchinnam kavadam praarambhinchindi. 
modata, daasulu "marpidi" cheyinchukovacchu, akkada prabhuvu kaarmika sevalaku badulugaa addedaarula nundi dabbu addelanu angeekarinchadaaniki angeekarinchaadu. dheeni ardham swechcha kaadu, conny bhuuswaamulaku balavantapu shrama mariyu chellimpulanu vidichipettadam antey daasyaaniki bahiranga aadharalu dachabaddayi. vivaadaalalo, rajasabhalu raitunu swechchagaa prakatinchadaaniki pakshapaatam penchaayi. rendavadi, manumission charya dwara prabhuvulu swachchandamgaa swechhanu manjuru cheyagaligaaru mariyu plaegu taruvaata, daasudu ledhaa bandhuvu dabbu chellinchinatlayithe idhi ekkuvagaa jarigindi. moodavadi, oka daasudu chartered town ledhaa raaja bhoomilo vale, oka samvatsaram mariyu oka roeju paatu svaechchaayutamaina neelapai nivasiste, vaaru swechchagaa untaarani saadhaarana chattam perkondi. 
prabhuvulu mariyu raaju raitula perugutunna berasaaraala saktiki pratispandistuu vaetanaalanu nirnayinchi, 1381loe raitula tirugubaatu vanti yea tirugubaatlanu ayina himsaatmakamgaa anachivesaaru. ayinappatikee eee kaarakaala kalayika, nemmadigaa conny khachitamgaa, 1485 natiki janabhalo kevalam oka saatam mandhi banisaluga migilipoyaru. 1481 loe, thamus dii little tunn anae saadhaarana petitionla nyaayamuurti, aasti chattampai, "padaveekaalaalapai grandham" anae rits kakunda vishayam dwara nirvahinchabadina modati grandhaanni roopondinchaaru. adhikaarika vidheyata anedi saamaajika macchagaa ekkuvagaa chudabadindi. 
1523loe justice anthony fitzerbert migilina bandmenlu "ippudu laa dwara bharti cheyabadina atipedda asoukaryam" anie raasaaru."conny ekkuva mandhi prajalu bhuswamy nundi adhikarikamga vimukti pondinatlayithe, vaariki aasti lenanduna prajala vaastava swechcha ippatikee parimitam cheyabadindi. ekkuva mandhi bhuswamulu saamaanyulu upayoginchadaaniki terichi unna pacchika bayallanu chuttumuttaru, mariyu prajala illanu, mukhyamgaa gorrela pempakam kosam naasanam chesaaru. yuvaraju, mariyu surr thamus vanti lard chaansalarlu, 1489 nundi varusa moosiveta vyatiraeka chattaalatho dheenini kontavaraku vyatiraekimchaaru. veetilo dhvamsamaina illanu punarnirminchaalsina avasaram undhi, conny sagam kakapoyina adanapu labhalu kiriitaaniki veltaayi. 1568loe bhoomipai labhinche viluvaina lohalapai kireetam antarleena hakkunu prakatinchukundi, mariyu naalugu ekaraala kante takkuva bhoomi unna vyaktulu kuteeraala nirmaana chattam 1588 dwara illanu nirminchakundaa nishedhinchabaddaaru. inglandlo bhuswamya bhuswamya padaveekaalam yokka tudi, adhikaarika mugimpu aangla antaryuddham taruvaata matrame vachindi. racharikam punaruddharinchabadinappudu, padaveekaalaala raddu chattam 1660thoo bhuswamula seva mariyu sainika nibandhana baadhyatala sthaanamlo dravya chellimpulu mariyu pannu dwara aardhika sahayam chese vaarshika chellimpu undela chusindi.
adhe kaalamlo, bhoomi yokka saamaajika praamukhyatalo mukhyamaina maarpula venuka, aasti chattamlo chattaparamaina parinaamaalu saadhaarana chattam mariyu samaanatvam yokka nyaayasthaanaala madhya vibhajana chuttoo tirugutaayi. saadhaarana nyaayasthaanaalu (saadhaarana petitionla nyayasthaanam mariyu raaju dharmasana) bhoomiki hakkula niyamaalapai kathinamaina vidhananni avalambinchaayi, mariyu entha mandhi bhoomipai chattaparamaina prayojanaalanu kaligi undavacchu. ayithe, petitionlanu vichaarinche, saadhaarana chattam yokka kesulanu raddu chese adhikaram rajuku undedi. ayana petitionla vichaarananu thana prabhuvu chhaansalarku appaginchaaru, ayana karyalayam nyaayasthaanamgaa maarindi. 
crusadela samayamlo, pooraadataaniki vellina bhuswamulu bhuswamya sevalanu nirvahinchadaaniki mariyu sweekarinchadaaniki veelugaa vaaru vishwasinche vyaktiki hakkunu badilee chesevaaru. conny praanaalatoe bayatapadina kondaru tirigi vacchi, tamaku appaginchina vyaktulu birudunu tirigi badilee cheyadaaniki niraakaristunnaarani telusukunnaru. vaaru lard chhaansalartho nyayam korindi, mariyu athani chhaansaree kortu bhoomi yokka nijamaina "upayogam" ledhaa "prayojanam" sheershikapai unna vyaktiki (ledhaa seasin kaligi unna fiofiki) chendinadi kaadani nirnayinchindi. saadhaarana nyaya nyaayamuurtula maadirigaa kakunda, chhaansalar "sestui kyuu yooj", equitylo yajamani, vaerae vyakti kaavacchu, idhe manchi manassakshi nirdesinchinatlayite. 
aangla chattamlo, chattaparamaina mariyu samaanamaina yajamani madhya, hakkunu niyantrinche vyakti mariyu bhoomini evari prayojanam kosam upayogistaaro marokari madhya vibhajanaku eee gurtimpu trust chattam yokka prarambham. pedarikam gurinchi vaari pratignala dwara aastini kaligi undataaniki minahaayinchabadinanduna itarulaku bhoomi hakkunu badilee chese franciscan sanyaasulalo kooda idhi upayogakaramgaa undedi. bhuswamya bakayila chellimpunu nivaarinchadaaniki upayogaalu ledhaa trustlu kooda upayoginchabaddaayi. oka vyakti maraninchinatlayithe, bhoomi vaarasudiki badilee kaavadaaniki mundu bhuswamy dabbuku arhulani, vaarasulu lekapothe mottam aastini escate anae siddhaantam prakaram pondavachani chattam perkondi. saadhaarana upayogam kosam vyaktula samuuhaaniki sheershikanu badilee cheyadam valla idhi eppuduu jaragaledani nirdhaarinchavacchu, endukante oka vyakti maraninchinatlayithe atanini bharti cheyavachu, mariyu andaruu oke samayamlo chanipoye avakaasam ledhu.
idhi aadaayapu kiriitaanni harinchindani raaju henry VIII chushadu, anduvalla 1535 upayogaala saasanamlo athanu vaatini nishedhinchadaaniki prayatninchaadu, mottam bhoomi vaastavaaniki "sestui kyuu upayogam" kii chendinadani paerkonnaadu. henry VIII vellinappudu, bhoomini leejuku icchina chota daaniki etuvanti darakhaastu ledani chhaansaree kortu perkondi. antekakunda, saadhaarana chattam kante samaanatvam yokka praamukhyata tirigi dhruvikarinchabadindi, dheeniki 1615loe king james I maddatu icchaaru, "earl off oxford kesu" loe. kotta prapanchamlo vaanijya dopidila nundi kotta aadaaya vanarulu bhuswamya bakayilapai kireetam aadharapadataanni tagginchadamtho, upayogam yokka samstha konasaagindi. 18va sataabdam praarambhamlo, eee upayogam oka trustga lanchanaprayamga marindi oka trusty chetha unchabadataaniki bhoomini sthiraparichina chota, marokari prayojanam kosam, chhaansaree kortulu labdhidaaruni equitylo nijamaina yajamaniga gurtinchaayi.
18va sataabdamloo, real estate chattam ekkuvagaa chattamlo nilichipoyindi, conny equity kortulalo suutraalu abhivruddhi chendadam konasaagindi, mukhyamgaa lard nottingham (1673-1682 nundi), lard king (1725-1733), lard hardwick (1737-1756), lard henley (1757-1766), mariyu lard eldon (1801-1827) aadhvaryamlo. jaateeya mariyu prapancha vaanijyam vistarinchadamto, kotta dhanavanthulaina vyaapaarula vargam yokka shakti perugutuu vachindi, daanitoe bhoomi yokka aardhika mariyu raajakeeya praamukhyata taggutuu vachindi. naitika tatwavetta mariyu aardhika shaastra pitamahudu aadam smith, bhuswamula sthaanam chaalaa takkuvaku badulugaa itarula nundi addelu teesukoovadaaniki veelu kalpistundani "deshaala sampada" loe vaadinchinappudu eee maarpulanu pratibimbimchaadu. 
19va sataabdamloo samskaranala kosam perugutunna udaaravaada udyamam moodu pradhana phalitaalanu ichindi. modata, bhuswamula adhikaaraalanu raddu cheyalane ottidi perugutondi. atyanta pratyaksha samskarana emitante, sthirapadina bhuu chattaala dwara "kathinamaina parishkaram" nuu kramamga raddu cheyadam. bhoomi yajamani thana maranam taruvaata aaa aasti thana sambandhaala paridhiloki matrame velutundani nirdesinchagaladu, tadwara daanini marketlo evarikainaa vikrayinchakundaa nirodhinchavacchu. idhi mottam bhoomini oka registerlo unchaalane abhiprayanni kooda kaligi undhi, tadwara daani vikraya saamarthyaanni sulabhataram chestundi. 1875 naati bhuu badilee chattam swachchanda vyavasthanu pravesapettindi, conny adhi chepattabadaledu. 1906 saadhaarana ennikala taruvaata prabhutva khazanaku kotta chhaansalar ayina david lloyd georg 1909 naati thana prajala budjetlo bhoomini marketloki balavantamgaa teesukuraavadaaniki daanipai pannunu pravesapettaaru. 
idhi rajyanga sankshobhaanni rekettinchindi, endukante vamsapaaramparya prabhuvula sabha dheenini raddu chesi, kotta ennikalanu balavantam chesindi. conny udaaravaada prabhutvam tirigi ivvabadindi mariyu adhi paarlamentu chattam 1911loe veeto hakkunu raddu chesindi. appatiki, bhuu namodu samskaranalu oka chinna raajakeeya samasyaga undevi mariyu gananeeyamaina ravana rusumulanu sampaadinchina nyaayavaadulu matrame nijamgaa vyatiraekimchaaru. 
chivariki, 1925 bhuu namodu chattam prakaram, aastitoe edainaa vyavaharistae tappanisari namodu avasaram. rendavadi, chhaansaree kortu, idhi saadhaarana aasti chattam yokka chinna katinatalanu tagginchinappatikii, gajibijigaa mariyu rahasyamgaa pariganinchabadindi. idhi charless dickens yokka "bleak house" mariyu athani kalpita kesu "jardis vii jardis" vanti pustakaalalo egataali cheyabadindi, idhi evaruu ardham chesukoni mariyu samvatsaraalu mariyu samvatsaraalu paatu laagina oka chhaansaree vishayam. dheeniki kaaranam, nyaayamaina suutraalanu nirvahinche iddaru nyaayamuurtulu matrame undatam, kabatti 1873 nundi 1875 varaku, saadhaarana chattam mariyu equity kortulu oke sopanakramamlo vileenam cheyabaddaayi. 1875 supreenkortu nyaya chattam prakaram, sangharshana vishayamlo samaanamaina suutraalu prabalamgaa untaayi. 
moodavadi, chaalaa counteelu mariyu swayampaalita praantaalalo, paarlamentu sabhyulaku ootu vese saamarthyam bhoomilo aastini kaligi undadamtho mudipadi undhi. 1832 naati goppa samskaranala chattam nundi 1867 naati samskaranala chattam, 1918 naati praja praatinidhya chattam varaku, aastiki, otuku madhya sambandham kramamga tagginchabadindi, aapai raddu cheyabadindi. paarlamentu chattam 1911 thoo paatu, marinta prajaasvaamya rajyangam udbhavinchindi, ayithe 1928 loe matrame purushulu mariyu mahilalaku ootu vayassu samanamga maarindi mariyu 1948 loe matrame oxford, cambridge mariyu london vishwavidyaalayaala vidyaarthulaku double otlu mariyu adanapu niyojakavargaalu tolaginchabaddaayi. modati prapancha yuddham mugise samayaniki, paatha bhuswamula prabhuvu yokka shakti ekkuvagaa vichchinnamaindi.
iravayyava sataabdamloo, bhuu chattam swabhaavamlo samajikamga maarindi. modatidi, housing act 1919 mariyu yuddhaanantara prabhutva vidhanam nundi "veerulaki saripoye gruhalanu" nirminchadam anae vidhananni sthaanika prabhutvaalu marinta ekkuva gruhalanu nirminchi, nirvahinchaayi. private vasati vyavasthalo, addedaarulaku vaari bhuuswaamulaku vyatiraekamgaa kotta hakkulu amalu cheyabaddaayi, kontha padaveekaalam mariyu adde niyantrana bhadrata, aniyantrita "oppanda swechcha" kuu viramam. okari council intini "konugolu chese hakkunu" pravesapettadam dwara aastulanu praivaeteekarinchadaaniki prayatninchina housing act 1980 dwara eee vidhanam nilipiveyabadindi. adhe samayamlo, addedaarula hakkulu, adde pempupai parimitulu tagginchabaddaayi, ayithe addedaarulu konni kaneesa hakkulanu kaligi unnaaru, udaaharanaku bhuswamy mariyu addedaaru chattam 1985 mariyu tolagimpu chattam 1977 kinda. 
rendavadi, aastini vyaapaaraaniki aardhika vanarugaa ekkuvagaa upayoginchaaru, adevidhamgaa byaankulu, tanakha runadaatalu mariyu real estate pettubadi trustlaku labha vanarugaa maarindi. eee vaastavam tanakha niyantrana kosam marketlo maarpulanu teesukuvacchindi, ayithe bhoomipai perugutunna aardhika aasakti kutumba jeevitaaniki viruddhamgaa maarindi. yuke linga samaanatvaaniki daggaravutunna koddi, purushula maadirigaane mahilalu kooda illa konugoluku dohadapaddaru, alaage kutumbaalu mariyu pillalanu penchadaaniki dohadapaddaru. 1970loe, "pettit vii pettit" loe, lard dipluck "parisrama, vaanijyam mariyu vruttulalo vivaahita mahilala vistruta upaadhi mariyu aasti-yajamanyam aavirbhavam, mukhyamgaa nijamaina aasti-taakattu-nundi-oka bhavanam-samaja-yajamanyam, prajaswamyam" anedi illu mariyu kutumba jeevitaaniki sahakaranni yajamanya prayojanaalanu srushtinche avakaasam undani gurtinchamani kortulanu balavantam chesindi. 
ayithe, byaankulu tanakha tirigi chellimpulalo viphalamaina vyaktula nundi illanu tirigi pondaalani korithe, saamaajika viluvala kante aaa aardhika prayojanaalaku praadhaanyata ivvala vadda anae empikanu kortulu edurkonnaayi. maanava hakkulapai european conventionlo united kingdom sabhyatvam antey, vyaktigata mariyu kutumba jeevita hakkupai artical 8, prajalanu tolaginchadaaniki byaankulu ledhaa bhuswamula swechhanu maarchagaladu, mukhyamgaa pillala sthirathvam mariyu pempakam pramaadamloo unna chota, iravai okatava sataabdam praarambhamlo kesu chattam jagrattagaa undindi. moodavadi, saadhaaranamgaa bhuu viniyogam samagra niyantrana chatraniki lobadi undedi. poruguvaari madhya unna paatha saadhaarana chattalu, soulabhyam, odambadikalu, visugu mariyu atikramana vantivi sthaanikamgaa mariyu prajaswaamyabaddhamgaa nirnayinchabadina pranaalika chattalu, paryaavarana niyantrana mariyu vyavasaya vanarula upayogam kosam oka chatram dwara ekkuvagaa marugunapaddayi.
aasti hakkulu mariyu namodu.
aangla bhuu chattam aasti hakkulanu nirnayinchadaaniki moodu pradhana vanarulapai aadhaarapadutundih nyaayasthaanaalu abhivruddhi chesina saadhaarana chattam mariyu samaanamaina suutraalu, bhoomi namodu vyavastha mariyu namodu kaani bhoomi kosam nirantara vyavastha. annintiloo modatidi, saadhaarana chattam mariyu samaanatvam yokka nyaayasthaanaalu kevalam "vyaktigata" hakkulanu pondina vyaktulapai "aasti" hakkulu unna prajalaku vividha adhikaaraalanu icchaayi. bhoomipai aastini sampaadinchadaaniki, edainaa itara viluvaina vastuvu maadirigaane, oka oppandaaniki viruddhamgaa, udaaharanaku, daanini upayoginchadaaniki, konugoludaaru mariyu vikreta kevalam aastini aamodistaamani angeekarinchaalsi untundi. aaa chattam appudu puurtigaa "vyaktigata" claimlu unna vyaktulapai vividha adhikaaraalatho kuudina "aasti" hakkunu gurtinchindi. 
uttamamaina aasti pratyaekamaina swaadheenaanni kaligi untundi, mariyu idhi saadhaaranamgaa yajamani viniyogamlo jokyam chesukovadaniki prayatninchina evarinainaa, mukhyamgaa diwala teesina sandarbhaallo, bhoomilo aasaktulu unna itara vyaktulu tama vatanu moodava pakshaaniki vikrayinchinatlayithe ledhaa okari hakkunu amalu cheyadaaniki parishkaralanu pondadamlo kattubadi untundi. 1925 kii mundu, bhoomipai aasti hakkulu (udaaharanaku, oka company vaataala maadirigaa kakunda) kaagitapu hakkula patraalalo matrame rujuvu cheyavalasi undedi. anduvalla bhoomi namodu vyavastha kaavaalsinadani, tadwara bhoomipai prajala hakkulu khachitamgaa untaayani, ravana sulabham mariyu choukagaa untundani nammutaaru. kabatti, rendava bhuu vyavastha 1925 bhuu namodu chattamtho praarambhamaindi, mariyu bhoomi namodu chattam 2002loe niyamaalu punarnirminchabaddaayi. bhoomilo prajala aasti hakkulanu nirnayinche kaagitapu hakkula patraalaku badulugaa, registryloni namodulu prajala aasti hakkulanu nirnayinche muulamgaa undevi. 
ayithe, aneka aasti hakkulu namodu cheyabadatayani eppuduu oohinchaledu, mukhyamgaa kutumba gruhaalapai ledhaa chinna leejulapai prajalaku unna saamaajika vaadanalu. antekakunda, mottam bhoomini namodu cheyalsina avasaram ledhu. bhoomitho adhikaarika lavadevilu jariginappudu matrame namodu tappanisari ayindi. antey 2013 natiki 88 saatam bhoomi ledhaa 126,000 chadarapu kilometres hchm land registrylo namodu cheyabaddaayi. conny moodava bhuu niyantrana vyavastha namodu kaani bhoomilo 12 saatam kosam migilipoyindi. chattam dwara kontavaraku savarinchabadinappatikii, aasti hakkulu mariyu vivaadaalanu nirnayinche eee vyavastha chaalaa varaku paatha saadhaarana chattam mariyu samaanatvam maadirigaane undipoyindi.
real estate.
bhuu chattanni real estate chattam anie kooda pilustaaru. idhi bhoomilo chattabaddhamaina mariyu samaanamaina prajala hakkula samuparjana, rakshana mariyu sangharshanhalaku sambandhinchinadi. dheeni ardham moodu pradhana vishayalu. modatidi, "aasti hakkulu" (laatinlo, "remlo" hakku) saadhaaranamgaa moodava pakshaalanu bandhistundani chebutaaru, ayithe vyaktigata hakkulu ("vyaktigatamgaa" hakku) baadhyata vahinchaalsina vyaktiki vyatiraekamgaa matrame amalu cheyabadataayi. aangla chattam aasti hakkula yokka sthira sankhya ledhaa "numerousclouses" nuu angeekaristundi, idhi vividha adhikaaraalanu srushtistundi. iddaru ledhaa anthakante ekkuva runadaatalaku runagraheeta diwala teesinatlayithe eee vyatyaasam mukhyamaina pradhana paristhitulu (i.ii. diwala teesina), ledhaa oka nirdishta vastuvunu kaligi undatampai vivaadam unte. oka vyakti ledhaa vyaparam diwala teesinatlayithe, mariyu itarula aasti ayina vastuvulanu vaari aadheenamlo unchukunte, aaa vyaktulu saadhaaranamgaa vaari aastini itarula claimlu lekunda tirigi teesukovachhu. diwala teesina vyakti yokka runadaatalu kevalam vyaktigata runaalu chellinchaalsi unte, vaaru tama dabbunu swechchagaa tirigi teesukoleru edainaa nashtalanu runadaatalandariloo panchukoovaali. tarachugaa, runadaatalu runaala tirigi chellimpunu surakshitamgaa cheyadaaniki yajamanya hakku (security vaddii anie pilustaaru) kosam oppandam chesukovacchu. idhi maroka yajamanya hakkunu kaligi unnatle phalitaanni istundi, kabatti surakshita runadaata diwala varusalo praadhaanyata teesukuntaadu. 
surakshita runadaatalu, saadhaaranamgaa, byaankulu mariyu chaalaa mandiki atyanta suparichitamaina rakamaina bhadrata vaddii tanakha. eee vidhamgaa, aasti hakkula praantam ellappuduu vyaktigata hakkula kante "balamgaa" untundi, ayinappatikee vaatini oke maargamlo pondavachuhu oka oppandam. chaalaa saarlu, aasti hakkulu vyaktigata hakkula kante balamgaa untaayi, endukante aangla nyaayasthaanaalu chaaritraatmakamgaa aasti hakkulalo jokyaniki parishkaramga nirdishta paniteerunu aadesinchadaaniki marinta siddhamgaa unnaayi. nashtapariharam anedi taginanta parishkaram kakapothe, oppandam amalu vanti vyaktigata hakkulu unna vyaktulu, nashtapariharamgaa dabbu pondadaaniki arhata kaligi untaaru. 
daani rendava pradhana lakshanamlo, aangla bhuu chattam european unionloni poura nyaya vyavasthalaku bhinnamgaa untundi, endukante idhi aasti yokka "prayojanakaramaina" yajamanyanni chattaparamaina hakku nundi aastiki vaeru cheyadaaniki anumatistundi. bhoomi yokka "trust" unte, appudu dharmakartalu chattaparamaina hakkunu kaligi untaaru, ayithe prayojanam, upayogam mariyu "samaanamaina" hakku chaalaa mandiki chendinadi kaavacchu. real aastiki chattaparamaina hakkunu parimita sankhyalo adhikaarika margallo matrame pondavacchu, ayithe oka vyakti yokka sahakaram ledhaa paarteela nijamaina uddeshaalu ledhaa edainaa itara kaaranaala valla nyaayamaina hakkunu gurtinchavacchu, chattam adhi nyaayamainadi mariyu nyaayamainadigaa bhaavisthe (i.ii. samaanatvam) bhoomilo marokariki vataa undani gurtinchadam.
aangla real estate chattam yokka moodava pradhana lakshanam emitante, "real estate" (ledhaa "real estate") antey bhoomi, daanitoe paatu vellae vastuvulu matrame. idhi charaastulu ledhaa itara rakaala "vyaktigata" aasti (ledhaa "vyaktigata") nundi bhinnamgaa vargeekarinchabadindi. bhoomi upayogam kosam vividha namodu avasaralu, pannulu mariyu itara nibandhanalu unnanduna, vishayam yokka paridhini nirvachinchadaaniki eee vyatyaasam pradhanamgaa mukhyamainadi. bhoomi" yokka saanketika nirvachanam padam yokka saadhaarana upayogam kante konchem ekkuvagaa untundi. aasti chattam 1925 prakaram, section 205 (1) (ix) prakaram bhoomi antey "uparitalam, bhavanalu ledhaa bhavanala bhagalu (vibhajana kshitija samaantaramgaa, niluvugaa ledhaa maray itara maargamlo cheyabadina) mariyu itara vaarasatvaalaku vaerugaa unchabadina ledhaa laeni edainaa padaveekaalam, ganulu mariyu khanijala bhoomi; oka mainer, advousan, mariyu adde mariyu itara asamaana vaarasatvaalu, mariyu bhoomi meeda, ledhaa daani nundi pondina soulabhyam, hakku, hakku ledhaa prayojanam..."eee gajibijigaa unde nirvachanam rendu saadhaarana aalochanalanu suuchistumdi. modata, bhoomilo daaniki anusandhaaninchabadina bhouthika vastuvulu untaayi (udhaa.zii. bhavanalu mariyu "vaarasatvaalu") mariyu, rendavadi, kanipinchani hakkulu (sulabhataram, maargam yokka hakku vantivi). bahusha saastriiyamgaa kanipinchaalane aakaankshatoo, nyaayavaadulu bhuumilooni aastini "naalugu dimensional" gaa varninchadaaniki alavaatu paddaru. 
kanchetho chuttabadi unna bhoomi uparitalam yokka dvi-miteeya praantam, anni bhavanalu mariyu "ficture" lapai hakkulatho puurti cheyabadutundi. bhoomini vikrayinche oppandam tarvaata vivaadaalalo idhi chaalaa sandarbhochitamgaa maarutundi, konugoludaarudu oka vastuvunu ammakamlo cherchinatlu aaropinchinappudu, conny oka oppandam pratyekatalapai mounamgaa undhi. halland vii hodgson" loe blockburn zhe oka karmagaramlo erpaatu chesina maggalu bhoomilo bhagamani paerkonnaaru. bhoomipai vishraanti teesukoni, gurutvakarshana dwara matrame "jatacheyabadina" vastuvulu saadhaaranamgaa bhoomilo bhaagam kaavu, ayinappatikee paarteelu veredaanni "uddesinchi" undavacchu ledhaa paarteela sahetukamaina anchanaalu emito kaavacchu. tivaacheelu, kartenlu ledhaa house botlu vanti sulabhamgaa tolaginchagala vastuvulu neelapai undavu, conny kulaayilu, plugs vanti vaatini sulabhamgaa tolaginchalemu. 
moodava konamlo, section 205 (1) (ix) etthi chuupinatlugaa, ganulu mariyu upa-uparitala vastuvulu uparitala yajamaniki chendinavi, mariyu 500 adugula saadhaarana parimiti varaku, bhuuswaamiki thana bhoomi paina unna vaataavaranampai kooda hakku untundi. praja vidhanam rendu sandarbhaalloonuu parimitini nirdesistundi, kabatti 16va sataabdam nundi "ganula kesu" nundi kanugonabadina viluvaina khanijalu ledhaa sahaja vanarulatho paatu viluvaina nidhulapai kireetam hakku kaligi undhi. maroe vaipu, taginanta ettulo unna vimanalu ledhaa upagrahaalu atikramanagaa pariganinchabadavu ledhaa saantiyuta aanandam kosam yajamani hakkunu ullanghinchavu. oka aangla aasti nyaayavaadiki bhoomi yokka nalgava parimaanam, samayam. 1925 nundi aangla chattam bhoomilo rendu "estatelanu" ledhaa yajamanya vaddii rakalanu gurtinchindihi "feezu saralamainadi", idhi aparimita samayam kosam upayoginche hakku, mariyu "leeju", idhi oka nirdishta kaalaaniki vaddii. ayithe, anni paristhitulalo, bhoomi viniyogam poruguvaaritho oppandaalu ledhaa kattubadi unde hakkulu mariyu sthaanika mandali mariyu prabhutvam yokka avasaralu dwara parimitam cheyabadutundi.
bhoomi namodu mariyu praadhaanyata.
bhoomi chaalaa mandiki bahula upayogaalanu andinchagaladu, mariyu daani sthira swabhaavam antey daani yajamani ellappuduu kanipinchakapovacchu kabatti, 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo namodu vyavasthanu avasaramainadigaa bhaavinchaaru. prajalu swachchandamgaa namodu chesukogala samsthanu srushtinchina land registry act 1862 nundi, prabhutva nivedikala parampara mariyu mukkalu mukkaluga samskaranalu chivaraku land registration act 1925 thoo ekikruta, tappanisari registration vyavasthagaa mugisai. daani pratipaadakulu registration vyavastha bhoomi yokka vikraya saamarthyaanni penchutundani, mariyu company vaataala registration vyavastha vale daani badileeni dravamgaa maarustundani vaadinchaaru.
1963 nundi cheef registrar ayina theodor roof matladutu, register andinche pradhana moodu vidhulu (1) bhoomilo yajamanya prayojanaalanu pratibimbimchadam (2) bhuu ravana vyaparamlo daataveyagala (ledhaa "adhigaminchagala") chinna ledhaa samaanamaina prayojanaalanu arikattadam, mariyu (3) register lopaala phalitamgaa aastini kolpoyina evarikainaa registrar nidhula dwara beema andinchadam. anduvalla icchina real estatelo praadhaanyata unna vyaktula samagra samuuham registerlo pratibimbimchaelaa chudatam aadarsavantamaina lakshyam. paatha chattanni punarnirminche 2002 bhuu namodu chattamtho, registry "ii-ravana" paie drushti pettindi. 91 nundi 95 varaku unna sectionla prakaram, electronic registration patraalugaa pariganinchabadutundi mariyu 21va sataabdaaniki kaagitam daakhalu sthaanamlo unchadam lakshyamgaa pettukundi.
ayithe, bhoomi yokka saamaajika viniyogam, bhoomi namodu yokka praadhaanyata vyavastha mariyu bhoomipai anni aasaktula register yokka rikaardu bhoomilo hakkulanu, mukhyamgaa samaanamaina prayojanaalanu pondadaaniki anadhikaarika paddhatulaku gananeeyamaina minahaayimpulu icchaayi. bhoomi namodu chattam 2002 sectionlu 27 nundi 30 kinda, namodu cheyabadina bhoomipai vaddii (udaaharanaku, freehold yajamanyam, sudeergha leeju ledhaa tanakha) taruvaata vachhe ledhaa registerlo namodu cheyani anni itara aasaktula kante praadhaanyatanistundi. modati namodaina vaddii samayam loe prabalamgaa untundi. inca 2002 schedule 3 kinda, minahaayimpula shreni ledhaa "pradhana aasaktulu" jabita cheyabaddaayi. schedule 3, paeraa 1 prakaram, edu samvatsaraala kante takkuva leeju namodu cheyavalasina avasaram ledhu, inca itara paarteelanu bandhistundi. ekkuva kaalam bhoomini kaligi unna yajamani mariyu illu addeku teesukuntunna vyakti madhya samatulyatanu saadhinchadam dheeniki kaaranam. samajikamga atyanta mukhyamainadi, schedule 3, paeraa 2 (gatamlo bhuu namodu chattam 1925 yokka 70 (1) (zii)) kinda, "vaastava vruttiloo" unna vyakti yokka prayojanaanni registerlo namodu cheyavalasina avasaram ledhu, conny taruvaata namodu cheyabadina aasaktulanu bandhistundi. registration velderlo inti saamaajika hakku kolpokunda" nirodhinchadaaniki eee niyamam avasaramani cheppabadindi. 
idhi prajalaku anukuulamgaa ekkuvagaa upayoginchabadutundi, saadhaaranamgaa kutumba gruhamlo jeevita bhagaswamy, paeru yajamanya patraalalo laenivaaru, vaaru adhikaarika ledhaa express contract ledhaa bahumati dwara kakunda, vaari sahakaram dwara ledhaa maroka vyakti yokka haameelapai aadharapadatam dwara hakku pondaarani chattam gurtinchinanduna vaddeeni namodu cheyanivaaru. atuvanti vyakti "vaastava vrutti" loe unte, appudu vaari anadhikarikamga sampaadinchina vaddii (saadhaaranamgaa "nirmaanaatmaka nammakam" dwara, idhi vaari dabbu sahakaranni gurtistundi ledhaa kutumba jeevitam kosam pani chestundi) taruvaata aasaktulanu pondhe paarteelanu bandhistundi.
oka pramukha kesulo, "villiams & glins byaank vii boland" mister boland thana building companylo upayoginchina runaaniki thana byaankunu tirigi chellinchadamlo ibbandi paddadu. athanu srimati bolandto kalisi nivasinchina athani beddington intlo runam bhadraparachabadindi. ayithe, srimati boland tanakha oppandaaniki angeekarinchaledu. aame inti yajamanya patraalalo namodu kaaledu, conny aame intiki gananeeyamaina aardhika sahakaram andinchindi. srimati boland thana bhartha dwara matrame intini aakraminchaarani, appeal kortu, prabhuvula house iddaroo srimati boland vaastavaaniki thana intini aakraminchaarani, aame aasakti byaankunu bandhinchindani modata tempal maan zhe cheppinappatikee. 
taruvaati sandarbhaalalo vaastava vrutti kosam pareeksha anedi hakkudaarula saamaajika paristhitulaku anugunamgaa uddeshapoorvakamgaa mariyu swechchagaa nirnayinchabadaalani chuupimchaaru. kabatti "chokar vii chokar" loe, thana southal inti nundi aamenu bhayapettadaaniki thana vidipoyina bhartha snehitulache kottabadi daadi cheyabadina oka mahila, mariyu aame intlo aasupatrilo namodu cheyabadina samayamlo mister chokar biddanu kaligi unna aame ippatikee vaastava vruttiloo undhi. dheeni ardham, inti konugolu dharaku aame dohadapadatam valla, aameku undataaniki arhata undhi. aame vaddeeki kattubadi, taruvaata namodu chesina aasaktulaku praadhaanyata ichindi. 2002 schedule 3, paeraa 2 prakaram, oka vyaktini vaari aasakti gurinchi adigithe, vaaru aemee cheppakapothe, ledhaa sahetukamaina jagrattagaa tanikhi chesinappudu spashtamgaa teliyakapothe, vaastava vruttiloo unna vyakti registered party chetilo odipotaru. intini aakraminchi, intipai aasakti unna evarainaa maroka paksham yokka tadupari aasaktiki lobadi teesukoovadaaniki parokshamgaa angeekarinchi undavacchani kooda nirdhaarinchabadindi. 
bristol & west building society vii henning" mariyu "abbe national building society vii cohn" rendintiloonuu oka janta oka building society nundi runam sahayamtho oka intini konugolu chesaaru, idhi aastipai tanakha dwara bhadraparachabadindi. rendu sandarbhaallo, konugoludaarulu runam lekunda illu pondalekapoyevaaru kabatti, praadhaanyatanistuu byaankuku andaruu mouna sammati icchaarani, mariyu namodu cheyadaaniki mundu jeevita bhagaswamy mundu vaastava occupancylo unnaarani cheppagalige samayamlo etuvanti gyap ledani kortu perkondi.
modata bhoomi badileeni sulabhataram cheyadaaniki, aasti chattam 1925 sectionlu 2 mariyu 27, iddaru dharmakartalu unte bhoomipai samaanamaina aasaktulu unna vyaktulu bhoomi konugoludaarulapai vaatini nokki cheppakunda undataaniki veelugaa nibandhananu roopondistaayi. oka vyaktiki aastipai samaanamaina aasakti unte, kaneesam iddaru dharmakartalu marpidi chesinanta varaku, eee vaddeeni aasti nundi vaeru cheyadaaniki ledhaa bhoomiki badulugaa icchina dabbuku "atigaa cherukovadaniki" chattam anumatistundi. ayithe, idhi vruttiparamaina dharmakartalache aastini vartakam chese prayojanam kosam vartinchabadaledu, conny "city off london building society verses flegg" looni inti yajamaanulaku vyatiraekamgaa vartinchabadindi. ikkada iddaru tallidandrulu, mister mariyu mister flegg, tama pillalaku tama intini icchaaru, vaaru aastini taakattu petti runaanni chellinchalekapoyaru. saasanamlooni padaalu neraveraayi kabatti, mariyu aastipai vaddii kosam konugolu dabbu (i.ii. pillalu vrudhaa chesina runam) iddaru dharmakartalaku chellinchabadindi, aaa chinna chinnavaru aaa aastini vadulukovalasi vachindi. chivaraga, parimiti chattam 1980 sectionlu 15 nundi 17 prakaram 12 samvatsaraala taruvaata maroka vyakti pratikuula swaadheenam dwara, namodu chesinappatiki, bhoomipai aasaktini kolpoye avakaasam undhi.
namodu kaani bhoomi.
2013loe, hakkula namodu ennadoo tappanisari cheyabadananduna, ingland mariyu vaelsloo 18 saatam bhoomi namodu cheyabadaledu. balavantam lekapovadam bahusha raajakeeya raajee phalitamgaa undavacchu, ayithe oka saktivantamaina bhuswamulu tama sampadapai paaradarsakatanu teevramgaa vyatiraekimchaaru. bhoomi namodu chattam 2002 section 4loe gurtinchina lavadevi, lra 1925 prakaram, jarigithe matrame, bhoomini registerlo tappanisarigaa namodu cheyali. indulo edu samvatsaraalaku paiga edainaa ammakam, tanakha ledhaa leeju untundi. ayithe idhi ippatikee chattam dwara badileeni kaligi ledhu, antey bhoomini vaarasatvamgaa pondavacchu ledhaa kutumbamlo unchavacchu, mariyu lard chhaansalar arder dwara section 4nii savarinchakapothe eppuduu namodu cheyavalasina avasaram ledhu. 
dheeni ardham, namodu kaani aastiki "sheershika yokka muulam" mariyu itarulaku unna soulabhyam ledhaa odambadikalu vanti vividha hakkulanu kanugonadaaniki, kaneesam 15 samvatsaraala kritam sambandhita panula sanchini vetakadam avasaram. namodu kaani aastini vikrayistunnatlayite, registration prerepinchabadutundi, conny taitil deedla tudi shodhana inca avasaram. modati praathamika suutram emitante, anni chattaparamaina aasti hakkulu, vaati gurinchi evarikee teliyakapoyina, prati okkariki kattubadi untaayi. ivi saadhaaranamgaa unchabadina patraalalo untaayi, ayithe moodu samvatsaraala kante takkuva leeju vanti chinna vaddiilu registered bhoomi maadirigaa lanchanaprayamga minahaayimpu kaaranamgaa undavu. 
rendava suutram emitante, samaanamaina yajamanya hakkulu nyaayamaina aasti yokka "nijayiti" konugoludaaru tappa, samaanamaina vaddii (equity darling anie kooda pilustaaru) yokka notice lekunda prati okkarinee kattubadi untaayi. nijaayiteegala" konugoludaarugaa undatam anedi "sampuurnamaina, arhata laeni, samadhanam cheppaleni rakshana", tadwara samaanamaina vaddii unna vyaktiki bhoomiki badulugaa andukunna gurtinchadagina aastulapai matrame amalu cheyadagina hakku untundi. viluva kosam konugoludaarugaa undatam antey aastini bahumatigaa sweekarinchakapovadam, mariyu "nijayiti" antey manchi vishwaasamtho vyavaharinchadam. pratigaa, manchi vishwaasam antey chaalaa varaku etuvanti vaastava notice lekunda bhoomini konugolu cheyadam, mariyu maroka vyakti yokka samaanamaina aasakti gurinchi telusukovadam sahetukam kaadu. 
laa off property act 1925 section 199, mariyu kortula dwara vachhe kesula prakaram, bhoomi konugoludaarulu "sahetukamgaa cheyalsina vichaaranalu mariyu tanikheelu cheyabadi unte vaddii ataniki teliyalsi unte, mundastu samaanamaina prayojanaalaku kattubadi untaaru. udaaharanaku, "kingsnart finance koo limited vii tizzard" loe, vidaakulu teesukunna vyakti yokka dustulu intlo undatam valla byaanku agent thana samaana vaddeeni teliyajesi aastini tanikhi chestaadani teerpu icchaaru. chattam yokka saadhaarana pathakam emitante, prajalu vaari puurti samacharam mariyu nijamaina sammati lekunda vaari illalo vaari vatanu kolpokunda undataaniki saadhyamainanta pratidee cheyadam, ayinappatikee idhi samaanamaina hakkulu ellappuduu kattubadi untaayani nirnayinchadamlo viphalamaindi.
eee praathamika niyamaala paina, bhoomi chaarjeela chattam 1972, daani 1925 puurveekulanu anusarinchi, namodu kaani bhoomiki maroka pratyeka chaarjeela registerlo konni rakaala chaarjeelanu namodu cheyalsi untundi. section 2 prakaram, oka chinna tanakha (oka aasti ippatike tanakha pettina tarvaata srushtinchabadina rendava ledhaa moodava tanakha) gatamlo chattaparamaina aasti hakkugaa pariganhinchabadinappatiki, adhi kattubadi undataaniki mundu namodu cheyavalasi untundi. register cheyalsina itara mukhyamaina rakaala chaarjeelu nirbandha oppandaalu mariyu samaanamaina sulabhataram, kutumba chattam chattam 1996 bhaagam IV nundi hakku mariyu "estate contract" (i.ii. aastini konugolu chese bhavishyat hakku ledhaa konugolu chese avakaasam). 
namodu lekunda, aaa chaarjeelu chellavu, conny okasari namodu chesina tarvaata aaa chaarjeelu prati okkarinee bandhistaayi. registration anedi taitil holder paeruku vyatiraekamgaa untundi, ayithe prajalu appudappudu ververu paerlanu upayogiste idhi konnisaarlu gandaragolaniki gurayye avakaasam undhi (udhaa.zii. frances ledhaa fraank). register yokka adhikaarika shodhanalo etuvanti sheershikalu velladinchakapothe, konugoludaaru manchi chattaparamaina hakkulanu pondutaaru. ayithe, oka spashtamaina anyayam emitante, house off lards registration niyamaalanu kathinamgaa unchindi. midland byaank trust koeltidi vii green" loe, walter green thana kumarudu geophreki aastini konugolu cheyadaaniki oka empikanu icchaadu, conny daanini namodu cheyaledu. appudu walter thana manasu marchukunnadu, geophrey eee estate oppandaanni namodu cheyaledani telusukuni, oppandaanni oodinchadaaniki aaa aastini thana bhaarya eveleenku £500kii badilee chesaadu. geophrey yokka samaana vaddii gurinchi konugoludaarudiki vaastava notice unnappatikee, adhi namodu cheyabadananduna adhi pattimpu ledhu. 
maroka udaaharanalo, "lloyd byaank vii caric" loe, illu konugolu cheyadaaniki namodu kaani hakku unna vyakti, adhika vaddeeni claim cheyalerani (registered bhoomilo saadhyamayye vidhamgaa), endukante vaddeeki ekaika muulam estate contract, mariyu registration lekunda idhi chelladu anie paerkonnaaru. vyavasthalooni kramaraahityaalu ellappuduu gurtinchabaddaayi, anduvalla namodu kaani bhoomi taggutundani aasinchaaru. pratidee tappanisarigaa namodu cheyalsina chattanni aamodinchadam yokka parishkaram, bahusha sulabhamainadi, inca teesukoledu.
maanava hakkulu.
united kingdom rajyanga chattam adhikarikamga parliamentary saarvabhoumaadhikaaram aalochananu anusarinchinappatikii, rendava prapancha yuddham taruvaata united kingdom aikyaraajyasamitilo cherindi. idhi maanava hakkulapai european conventionku sabhyatvam pondindi, idhi ekkuvagaa UK poura sevakulu raasaaru. 1972loe idhi european unionlo cherindi, taruvaata 2020loe vadilivesindi. moodu antarjaateeya samsthalalo, itara sabhya deshaala rajyanga sampradaayaalu chattam maanava hakkulaku anugunamgaa undaa anae daanipai teerpu ivvadamlo kortulaku ekkuva paatranu icchaayi. 1998 maanava hakkula chattamtho, pradhanamgaa desheeya nyaya vyavasthanu alasipoyela chese kharchunu, aapai strasbergku appeal cheyadaaniki, nyaayavaadulanu rakshinche maargamgaa, ekr nyaayasaastraaniki anugunamgaa chattanni sameekshinche adhikaranni thana nyaayasthaanaalaku ivvaalani yuke nirnayinchindi. 
ekr artical 8 kinda gopyata mariyu kutumba jeevita hakku mariyu ekr protocol 1, artical 1 kinda aastulanu saantiyutamgaa aasvaadinche hakku kaaranamgaa ekr bhuu chattaniki sambandhinchinadi. modati kesulalo, ekr artical 8 prakaram, sthaanika adhikarulu tama illa nundi bahishkarinchina addedaarulache savaallu teesukuvacchaaru. vaari tolagimpulu asamaanamaina pratispandanalu mariyu kutumba ledhaa gruha jeevitampai vaari hakkulanu ullanghinchaayani hakkudaaru vaadanalaku vyatiraekamgaa, UK kortulu modatlo UK aasti chattam eppuduu conventiontho ananukuulamgaa untundani khandinchayi. 
edemaina, "manchester sisi vii pinak" loe, european maanava hakkula nyaayasthaanamlo aneka kesulu vaerae vidhamgaa suuchimchina taruvaata, evarainaa bahishkarinchabadithe inti jeevitampai okari hakkunu ullanghinchadam anedi damasha mariyu samarthaneeyamainadaa anie anchanaa vaeyadaaniki kortulaku swaabhaavika adhikara paridhi undaalani yuke supreenkortu angeekarinchindi. kesu vaastavaalapai, thana kumaarula saamaajika vyatiraeka pravartanaku mister pinak tolagimpu anulomaanupaatamlo undani nirdhaarinchabadindi. ayana pinchanudaaru ayinappatikee, firyadulu teevramainavi mariyu deerghakaalikamainavi. protocol 1, artical 1 kinda kesulu pradhanamgaa prabhutvam tappanisarigaa aastini swaadheenam chesukune prasnanu praarambhistaayi. strasbourg kortulu vaastava samuparjana dwara aasti laemi mariyu paryaavaranam vanti niyantrana dwara yajamani bhoomi viniyogaanni parimitam cheyadam madhya thedaanu gurtistaayi.
bhoomini konugolu cheyadam.
inglandlo bhuu chattam sthaapana dandayaatra, vijayam, aavarana mariyu balaprayogam dwara jariginappatikee, mottam 20va sataabdamloo, aasti yajamanyam yokka pampinhee perigindi. bhoomi pampineeni penchadaaniki, mariyu gruha hakkunu british vaaru grahinchadaaniki goppa chodaka shakti, adde dharala yokka praja niyantrana (kabatti bhuswamy kavadam anedi ammakam kante takkuva labhadayakamga untundi) mariyu gruha nirmaanaaniki bahirangamgaa nidhulu samakuurchadam. lekapothe bhoomipai hakkulanu pondadaaniki naalugu itara paddhatulu unnaayi, ivi marketlu mariyu private aasti yokka namoonaalo panicheestaayi. 
modatidi sammati aadhaarita baadhyata dwara. idhi bahumati dwara kaavacchu, ledhaa adevidhamgaa trust yokka parishkaram dwara kaavacchu, tadwara oka trusty marokari prayojanam kosam aastini kaligi untaadu. chaalaa varaku saadhaaranamgaa bhoomi oppandam dwara badilee cheyabadutundi. anni sandarbhaallo, badileeni puurti cheyadaaniki, oka vyakti yokka vaddeeni puurtigaa rakshinchadaaniki namodu cheyali. ayithe, bhoomipai prajala prayojanaalanu adhikaarika paddhatiloo swaadheenam chesukokapoyinappatiki chattam gurtistundi. 
bhoomipai hakkulanu pondadaaniki rendava pradhana maargam kortu gurtinchina phalitamgaa ledhaa nirmaanaatmaka trust dwara. bhoomi, mukhyamgaa kutumba gruhaala vishayamlo, idhi saadhaaranamgaa oka intiki evarainaa aardhikamgaa ledhaa itaratra sahakaranni gurtinchadaaniki untundi. moodavadi, prajalu bhoomulanu swaadheenam chesukunnarani, vaariki haamii icchinappudu, daanipai vaaru sahetukamgaa aadhaarapadataarani, vaari prayojanaalanu gurtinchakapothe phalitam hanikaram avtundani kortulu gurtistaayi. 
eee yajamanya estapel claim anedi prajala prayojanaalaku gurtimpu pondadaaniki oka maargam, ayithe bhuuswaamitoe vaari lavadevilu oppandaaniki takkuvagaa unnaayi. naalgavadi, mariyu oka oppandam dwara swaadheenam chesukunna bhoomi nundi chaalaa dhooram vellinappudu, aangla chattam ellappuduu chattabaddhamgaa tama hakkulanu pondadaaniki taginanta kaalam bhoomini nivasinchina prajala daavaanu gurtinchindi. swaadheenam anedi, munupati yajamaniki pratikuulamgaa unnappatikee, 12 samvatsaraala taruvaata manchi chattaparamaina hakkugaa paripakvam chendutundi.
sammati, phaaram mariyu namodu.
bhoomini sampaadinchadaaniki naalugu pradhana margalu bahumati, trust, vaarasatvam mariyu oppandam dwara, ivanni vyaktamaina ledhaa kaneesam oohinchina sammatini kaligi untaayi. oka vyakti jeevitakaalamlo oka saadhaarana bahumati vishayamlo, aasti chattam 1925 section 52 (1) edainaa badilee amaluloki raavadaaniki mundu oka patram (aasti chattam (vividha nibandhanalu) chattam 1989 section 1loe nirvachinchabadindi) avasaram. aaa taruvaata, badilee namodu cheyabadaali. bhoomi namodu chattam 2002 section 27 (2) bhoomi badileelu, edu samvatsaraalaku paiga leejulu mariyu edainaa chaarjeelaku namodu tappanisari chestundi. 
2002 section 27 prakaram, okari vaddeeni namodu cheyadamlo viphalamaina paryavasanamga, aastini badilee chesi, namodu chesukunna maroka chattaparamaina vyaktini idhi bandhinchadu. veelunama dwara bhoomi badilee jarigithe, veelunama chattam 1837 section 9 loe idhe vidhamaina nibandhanalatho likhitapuurvakamgaa santakam cheyabadaali mariyu iddaru saakshulanu kaligi undaali. veelunama kinda labdhidaarudu thana paerita bhoomipai vaddeeni namodu cheyadaaniki charyalu teesukoovaali. veelunama ivvakundaane maraninchina vyakti vishayamlo, bhoomitho sahaa vaari aasti, chattam dwara tadupari bandhuvulaku ledhaa ummadi addedaarulalo samyuktamgaa yaajamaanyamloni aasti vishayamlo, saha-yajamaanulaku/laku badilee cheyadamlo vijayavantamavutundi.
anni paristhitulalo, laanchanapraayamaina avasaram prajala sammati naanhyatanu meruguparustundani bhaavistaaru. laanchanapraayamaina sramatho kuudina kadalikala dwara velladam valla prajalu badilee cheyalanukuntunnara ledhaa anie nijamgaa alochinchela prerepistundani, mukhyamgaa ontarigaa undatam dwara, idhi tarkinchabadindi. idhi lavadeviki sakshyalanu kooda andistundi, mariyu lavadevi yokka amalu saamarthyam yokka parimitini nirnayinchadam sulabham chestundi. idhi oppandam vishayamlo ekkuvagaa kanipistundi. 
bhoomipai aasakti anedi oppandaaniki sambandhinchina amsamaite, chattam moodu dasalanu vaeru chestundi. modata, ammakam jarugutundi, idhi lpmpa 1989 section 2 prakaram santakam chesina raatato matrame jaragavacchu (ayithe section 2 (5) mariyu laa off property act 1925 section 54 (2) dwara 3 samvatsaraala kinda leejulu lekunda cheyavachu). rendavadi, saanketikamgaa aasti chattam 1925 section 52 (1) kinda badilee oka patram dwara jaragaali (ayithe dheenini dasha 1 thoo kalapadaniki etuvanti kaaranam ledhu, ammakam kosam oka patraanni upayoginchadam dwara!). moodavadi, 2002 loe 27 nundi 30 varaku unna sectionla prakaram chattaparamaina aasakti kosam bhoomi namodu cheyabadaali.
phalitamgaa mariyu nirmaanaatmaka trusts.
oppandam, ravana mariyu namodu yokka adhikaarika dasalu bhoomipai chattaparamaina prayojanaalanu pondadaaniki prajalanu anumatinchinappatikii, iravayyava sataabdapu paarlamentu mariyu nyaayasthaanaala kaalamlo, chaalaa mandiki aastipai chattabaddhamaina hakkulu unnayani, laanchanaalanu anusarinchakundaa, mariyu aasti yajamani sammati pondakundaane, nemmadigaa gurtinchindi. trust yokka samstha, mukhyamgaa kutumba gruhaalalo, pradhana paatra pooshinchadaaniki vachindi, endukante aasti chattam 1925 section 53 prakaram, express trustla prakatanalu amaluloki raavadaaniki santakam chesina vraata avasaram, phalitamgaa mariyu nirmaanaatmaka trustlu alaa cheyavu. 
oka vyakti aaa vyaktiki prayojanam kaliginchaalane uddesyam lekunda oka vyaktiki aastini icchinappudu "phalita" trust saadhaaranamgaa gurtinchabadutundi, kabatti aasti adhi vacchina vyaktiki tirigi vastundi. "nirmaanaatmaka" trustlanu aangla nyaayasthaanaalu daadaapu enimidi sambandham laeni paristhitulalo gurtinchaayi, nyaayasthaanaalu hakkudaaruku chendinavi anie sarigga gurtinchaledani "" asamanjasamainavi "" anie cheppinappudalla. kutumba gruhaala sandarbhamlo, eee rendu rakaala trust luu, 1970 nundi, gruha jeevitaaniki (vistrutamgaa cheppalante) sahakaram kaaranamgaa, gruhamlo jeevita bhagaswamy yajamanya hakkunu gurtinchadaaniki nyaayamuurtulaku anumatinchaayi. kutumba chattamlo bhaagamgaa paarlamentu ippatike adhe samskarananu amalu chesindi. 
vaivahika karyakalapalu mariyu aasti chattam 1970 section 37loe, "oka bhartha ledhaa bhaarya aastini meruguparachadaaniki dabbu ledhaa dabbu viluvalo dohadam chesinatlayithe", oka kortu daanilo samaanamaina hakkunu gurtinchavacchu, conny adhi nyayamga pariganinchabade meraku mottaanni kooda maarchavacchu. vivaha kaaranaala chattam 1973 section 24 prakaram, vidaakula charyalalo paarteela aasti hakkulanu, mukhyamgaa pillala prayojanam kosam, nyaayamaina meraku maarchadaaniki kortuku adhikaram ivvabadindi. poura bhaagaswaamya chattam 2004loe 65 nundi 72 varaku unna sectionlu mariyu 5 nundi 7 varaku unna schedule poura bhaagaswaamulaku adhe saadhinchaayi.
ayithe, vivaham kaani ledhaa poura bhaagaswaamulu kaani pillalatho ledhaa pillalu laeni sahajeevanam chese jantalaku, daavaa vaeyadaaniki saadhaarana chattam matrame andubaatulo undhi, mariyu saasanam prakaram vivaahita jantalaku saadhinchina sthaanaaniki cherukovadam nemmadigaa undhi. kutumba chatta saasanaalu aamodinchadaaniki mundu oka kesu "gissing vii gissing" loe, oka vivaahita janta 1935 nundi 1961 varaku kalisi nivasinchaaru, panicheesaaru mariyu oka biddanu kaligi unnaaru, aaa sambandham athani vyabhichaarampai tegipoyindi. mister gissing tanakha vaayidaalanu chellinchaaru mariyu aaa aasti athani paerita undhi, ayithe mister gissing konni gruha merugudalalu chesaaru. 
appeal kortulo lard denning mister, vaaru joint venturega jeevitaanni konasaginchinanduna, aame lekkinchadagina dabbu viraalaanni ivvakapoyinappatiki, srimati gissing nirmaanaatmaka trust kinda aastilo sagam vatanu kaligi untaarani abhiprayapaddaru. house off lards eee nirnayaanni tippikottindi, inti equitylo aame bhagaswamyam cheyadaaniki avasaramainatluga, "ummadi uddesam" kanugonabadadani vaadinchindi. ayinappatikee, konni sandarbhaallo asaadhaarana pravartana anedi intini panchukovalane korikaku rujuvu ayithe, "ummadi uddesam" aadhaaramgaa nirmaanaatmaka nammakanni srushtiparamgaa anumatinchaaru. 
eves vii eves" loe, appeal kortu (lard denning mistertho) 14 poundla sledgehamertho daba vichchinnam chesina oka mahila inti equitylo bhagaswamyam cheyadaaniki uddesinchinadi ayi undaali anie teerpu ichindi. grant vii edwardes" loe, appeal kortu ms grant dwara daavaanu anumatinchindi, aame bhagaswamy mister edwardlu spashtamgaa aame inti yajamanya patraalalo cherchabadaledani chepparu, endukante idhi aame vidaakula charyalanu prabhaavitam chestundi. idhi, (ms grant kii vidaakula charyalu lekapothe) janta kalisi intini panchukoovaalani bhaavinchi undavacchani spashtamgaa rujuvu anie kortu perkondi. 
lloyd byaank plc vii rosset" loe house off lards mallee abhivruddhini nilipivesindi. lard bridge prakaram (1) inti konugolu dharaku jeevita bhagaswamy pratyakshamgaa viraalaalu ichinatlayithe, ledhaa (2) jeevita bhagaswamy nijamgaane edainaa oppandaaniki vasthe, entha anischitamgaa unnaa, samaanamaina vaddii kosam daavaa vijayavantamavutundani. dheeni ardham, taitil deedlalo laeni srimati rosset, etuvanti aardhika viraalaalu ivvaledu, conny chaalaa alankarana panulu chesina srimati rosset, aame nivasinchina intlo samaanamaina aasaktini pondalekapoyaru. dheeni ardham mister rosset tanakha runampai default ayina taruvaata, vaastava vruttipai aame vaddii lekunda, aaa intini tirigi swaadheenam chesukune hakku byaankuku undhi. 
ayinappatikee, oka kortu intiki jeevita bhagaswamy sahakaranni gurtinchinatlayite, adhi vaddeeni saadhyamainanta parimaanaaniki (1970 mariyu 1973 chattaala prakaram) penchavacchu. kabatti "midland byaank plc vii cook" loe appeal kortu, mister mariyu mister kuklaku samyuktamgaa £1100 bahumati inti viluvalo 6 saatam matrame praatinidhyam vahistunnappatiki, mister cook vaddeeni sagaaniki penchavacchani perkondi. dheeni ardham mister cook vaaritho runampai default ayina tarvaata midland byaank inti equity viluvalo sagam matrame pondagaladu.
ayithe, iteevali kesula samiti marinta munduku saaginatlu telustondi. stock vii douden" loe 18 samvatsaraalu kalisi nivasinchina naluguru pillalatho oka janta vaari iddari paerlatoe oka intini namodu chesukunnaru. ayithe, ms douden marinta dabbunu andinchaaru. samaana yajamanyam anae bhavananu tolaginchaalani, anduvalla tanaku sagam kante ekkuva vataa undaalani, prayojanakaramaina vaddiiloo 65 saatam tanaku undani prabhuvula illu angeekarinchindani aame paerkonnaaru. adhe amsaaniki sambandhinchinadi kaanappatikee, lard walker, "lloyd byaank plc vii rosset" loe lard bridge nirnayam nundi chattam munduku saagindani, intlo prajala vaataalanu lekkinchadamlo mukhyamaina prasnaku sambandhinchi, lard walker paerkonnaadu. kutumba paristhitulalo, nirmaanaatmaka trustlu marinta upayogaanni andistaayani, ikkada spashtamaina aardhika sahakaram lekunda prajala prayojanaalanu lekkinchadaaniki nyayasthaanam ekkuva vasyatanu kaligi undani, phalitamgaa trustlu vaanijya sambandhaalaku marinta samuchitamainavani, ikkada oka vyakti yokka aasakti yokka parimaanam aardhika sahakaaramtho marinta saripolutundani majority vyakhyaaninchaaru. 
inca, "kernat vii johns" loe, ms johns mariyu mister kernat iddaru pillalu unnaaru mariyu iddaroo registered sheershikapai unnaaru. ayithe, 1993 nundi 2008 varaku, mister kernat bayatiki vellaadu, mariyu ms johns tanakha mariyu inti kharchulanu chellistuu pillalanu penchutunnadu. 1996 section 14 vichaaranalo, appeal kortu 50 saatam aastipai athani daavaanu samarthinchindi, lekapothe etuvanti uddesyaaniki etuvanti aadharalu lenatlayithe, paarteela uddeshaalanu "nindinchadam" kortula paatra kaadani vaadinchindi. 
ms johns inti equitylo 90 saatam vatanu kaligi unnaarani, anni paristhitula nundi dheenini takshaname oohinchavacchani supreenkortu dheenini tippikottindi. prevy councillo, "abot vii abot" baroness hayle marinta spashtamgaa dhruveekaristuu, aastiki sambandhinchi paarteela mottam pravartananu daani yajamanyam gurinchi vaari bhaagaswaamya uddeshaalanu nirnayinchadamlo parigananaloki teesukoovaali."edemaina, naalugu dasaabdaala taruvaata, jantalanu kalisi jeevinchadampai chattam 1970 mariyu 1973 chattaala prakaram vivaahita jantalaku enthavaraku (mariyu enduku) bhinnamgaa undho ippatikee aspashtamgaa undhi.
yajamanya estapel.
yajamanya estopel anedi aastipai hakkulanu pondadaaniki moodava pradhana yantraangam, mukhyamgaa bhoomi vishayamlo idhi kanipistundi. sammati ledhaa phalitamgaa vacchina mariyu nirmaanaatmaka trusts, pradhanamgaa sahakaram yokka vaastavam meeda aadharapadi unde oppandam ledhaa bahumati kakunda, oka vyaktiki spashtamaina haamii icchinappudu yajamanya nilipiveta talettutundi, haameepai aadharapadatam vaariki sahetukamainadi, mariyu vaaru tamaku haani kaliginche vidhamgaa vyavaharinchaaru. yajamanya estapel yokka eee moodu retlu namuunaa (spashtamaina haamii, sahetukamaina aadharapadatam mariyu gananeeyamaina haani) baadhyatala chattamlo daani bhagaswamytho sthiramgaa untundi, "promissory estapel". 
aangla chattam inca promissory estopelnu charyaku kaaranamani gurtinchanappatiki (oppandaala §90 yokka american retatiment (rendava) kinda chesinatlugaa), cobe vii yoman roow management limited loe lard scott yajamanya estopelnu promissory estopel yokka upa-jaatulugaa chudalani vyakhyaaninchaadu. anni sandarbhaallo, chattaparamaina hakkula gurinchi itarula haameelapai panichese vyaktulu, vaaru spashtamaina oppandaanni pondakapoyina, idhi anumatistundi. udaaharanaku, "dillwyn vii levelin" loe, oka kumarudu thana tandri nundi oka intini sampaadinchaadani bhaavinchaaru, endukante athanu thana kumarudu samayanni, dabbunu kharchu chesina tarvaata, ravana kosam oka patraanni eppuduu puurti cheyakapoyinappatiki, aastini meruguparachadaaniki vraatapuurvaka notice ivvabadindi. mariyu "crob vii arun disi" loe oka raitu council bhoomi meeda oka maargaaniki hakkunu pondaadu, endukante athanu oka bhaganni vikrayiste oka pravesha sthaanam untundani vaaru ataniki haamii icchaaru. anni sandarbhaallo, haamii, aadharapadatam mariyu edainaa rakamaina haani yokka kaneesa namuunaa untundi.
yajamanya estopel kesu chattam yea rakamaina haamii mariyu yea rakamaina aadharapadatam undaali anae prasnapai vibhajinchabadindi. cobe vii yoman roow management limited" loe, oka aasti developer council pranaalika anumati pondadamlo thana kharchu tarvaata nites bridge flatla samuuhamloo aasaktini vyaktam chesaadu. shree cobe flaatlanu 12 million poundlaku pondadaaniki flatla yajamani, srimati lysel-maimwaringtho moukhika oppandam kudurchukunnaru, conny anumati pondina tarvaata, yajamani aame moukhika vaagdaanaanni ullanghinchaadu. ayinappatikee, lards house loe mister kobe pranaalikanu pondadaaniki ayye kharchu (£150,000) kante ekkuva edainaa thana daavaalo viphalamayyaadu, endukante eee vaanijya sandarbhamlo edainaa oppandaanni puurti cheyadaaniki adhikaarika patraalu avasaramani spashtamgaa undhi. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, "thorner vii majers" loe, david (rendava bandhuvu) peater polamlo 30 samvatsaraalu panicheesaadu mariyu athanu daanini vaarasatvamgaa pondutaadani nammadu. 
idhi bahusha uddesinchinade kaavacchu, conny peater itara bandhuvulatho vibhedinchina taruvaata, athanu thana veelunama naasanam chesi, david vadda aemee lekunda unchaadu. nirdishta haamii laenappatikee, mariyu oka haameeni soochinche konni aspashtamaina pravartana matrame unnappatikee, david kuu manchi yajamanya estopel daavaa undani house off lards abhipraayapadindi. oka sahetukamaina vyakti, entha valuga mariyu aakarshanheeyamgaa unnaa, haamii ivvabadindani ardham chesukogaligite, chattaparamaina hakku pondutundani lard hafman vyakhyaaninchaaru. anduvalla, sthaanika sandarbhamlo daavaalanu ekkuvagaa gurtinchadam, takkuva adhikaarika haameelu saadhaaranam, mariyu vaanijya sandarbhamlo, lanchanaprayamga unna chota takkuva.
ayithe, estopelku parishkaranni ivvadamlo kashtamaina samasya emitante, oka oppandaaniki bhinnamgaa, oka hakkudaaruku vaaru oohinchina daani puurti kolata andukovalani ellappuduu spashtamgaa undadu. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, tarachugaa oppandaaniki chaalaa daggaragaa kanipinche estopels yokka vaastavika namuunaa, tarachugaa oka himsa kesulo vale, haani ledhaa nashtam mottaaniki daavaa vesevaariki pariharam chellinchadaaniki nashtapariharam kosam avaardu kante ekkuva haamii istundi. gennings vii rais" loe, robbert walker elje nyayasthaanam yokka adhikara paridhi yokka uddesyam asamanjasamaina phalitaanni nivaarinchadam mariyu oka parishkaram anulomaanupaatamlo undela chudatam anie nokkicheppadam dwara eee samasyanu parishkarinchaaru. 
ikkada, mister gennings 1970la nundi oka srimati roil kosam thotamaaligaa panicheesaaru, conny aame estate nirvaahakudiki veelunama ledhu. mister gennings kuu "anthaa baguntundi" anie cheppabadindi, inca chaalaa varaku "idantaa edho oka roeju meedhe avutundi" anie cheppabadindi. ayithe, mister gennings valla vaastavamgaa kalige haani mariyu athani haameelu nijamgaa ardham emito anischiti drishtya £1 viluvagala puurti estate kaadu, conny £2,000 matrame ivvabadutundani appeal kortu nirnayinchindi. moodava paarteelaku sambandhinchi, yajamanya estopel kosam parishkaram bhoomi namodu chattam 2002 section 116 dwara itarulanu bandhistundani nirdhaarinchabadindi.
tappanisari konugolu.
bhoomini sammati dwara swaadheenam chesukunnappatiki, maroka paksham yokka sahetukamaina anchanaalanu penche pravartana unnappatikee, bhoomini sampaadinche eee private paddhatulu tarachugaa taginanta praja niyantranaku saripovu. railway, gruhanirmaanam, muruguneeti paarudala vanti jaateeya moulika sadupaayaalanu, alaage jaateeya ledhaa sthaanika prabhutvam prajaswaamyabaddhamgaa nirnayinchina pranaalika niyamaalanu nirminchadaaniki, saadhaaranamgaa tappanisari konugolu avasaram, endukante private yajamaanulu dopidi dharatho tappa praja panulaku avasaramaina bhoomini vadulukokapovacchu. 
chaaritraatmakamgaa, inclosure chattalu mariyu vaati puurveekula krinda tappanisari konugollu jarigaayi, ikkada saadhaarana bhoomini moosiveyadam anedi baaranlu mariyu bhuswamula prayojanam kosam saadhaarana bhoomi nundi prajalanu swaadheenam chesukune paddhati. paarisraamika viplavamlo, chaalaa varaku railvelanu paarlamentu yokka private chattaala nundi tappanisari konugolu hakkulanu pondhe private companylu nirminchaayi. 19va sataabdam chivari natiki, prajaarogya chattam 1875 ledhaa kaarmika vargaala gruha chattam 1885 prakaram, tappanisari konugolu adhikaralu nemmadigaa marinta paaradarsakamgaa marai mariyu saadhaarana saamaajika sankshemam kosam upayoginchabaddaayi. 
modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo sainika upayogam kosam, mariyu gruhanirmaanam kosam yuddham taruvaata, konni suutraalu praamaanikam kaavadamtho, tappanisari konugolu chattam gananeeyamgaa vistarinchabadindi. nedu, bhoomi parihara chattam 1961 section 5 saadhaaranamgaa bhoomipai vaddii yajamani (udhaa.zii. rii ellenbaro park" loe vale freehold, leasehold ledhaa easment) "bhoomi viluva" kosam chellimpunu andukuntundi... siddhamgaa unna vikreta bahiranga marketlo vikrayiste ". intiki jarigina nashtalaku ledhaa okari vyaparam maralsi vasthe pariharam kooda tarachugaa andubaatulo untundi. 
tappanisari konugolu chattam 1965 konugolu cheyadaaniki sharatulanu nirdesinchindi. bhusekarana chattam 1981 "tappanisari konugolu arder" manjuru cheyadaaniki sharatulanu niyantristundi. saadhaaranamgaa, rashtra karyadarshi praatinidhyam vahistunna kendra prabhutvam ledhaa sthaanika mandali tappanisari konugolu cheyadaaniki aasakti chooputundi. nirdishta kaaranaala valla konugollu cheyadaaniki sthaanika councils yokka adhikaranni nirdishta chattamlo nirdesinchavacchu, udaaharanaku haives act 1980 vanti khachitamgaa avasaramainappudu rahadaarulanu nirminchadaaniki. ayithe, aaa praantam yokka aardhika, saamaajika ledhaa paryaavarana sreyassu kosam "abhivruddhi, punarnirmaanam ledhaa merugudala" nuu sulabhataram cheyadaaniki tappanisari konugolunu anumatinche pattana mariyu dhesha pranaalika chattam 1990 section 226, rashtra kaaryadarsiche dhruvikarinchabadali, adevidhamgaa sthaanika prabhutva chattam 1972 section 121 prakaram council prabhutva mantri nundi aamodam pondaali, idhi kendra prabhutvamlo samanvayam lekunda tappanisari konugolunu nirvahinchakundaa nirodhinche samayanni teesukune prakriya.
vyaktigata viniyogam mariyu upayogam kosam ledhaa saamuuhika utpatti kosam aasti yokka saamaajika praamukhyata kaaranamgaa, tappanisari konugolu chattalu maanava hakkula savaallanu edurkonnaayi. oka aandolana emitante, 1980la praivaeteekaranala nundi, praja prayojanaala nundi bhinnamgaa prothsaahakaalu ichhe private corporationla prayojanam kosam aneka tappanisari konugolu adhikaaraalanu upayoginchavacchu. udaaharanaku, 1991 jala vanarula chattam prabhutva samsthalanu prajala aastulanu tappanisarigaa konugolu cheyadaaniki aadesinchadaaniki anumatistune undhi, ayithe labhalu UK neeti companyla private vaataadaarulaku veltaayi. r (sainsbury suuparmaarketlu limited) v wolverhampton sisi" loe, supreme court, maroka saitnu punaraabhivruddhi chestamani tesco icchina vaagdaanaanni parigananaloki teesukunnappudu, sainsburies kaligi unna sait meeda tappanisari konugolu arder cheyala vadda anie nirnayinchadamlo wolverhampton city council anuchita prayojanam kosam vyavaharinchindani perkondi. lard walker "tappanisari samuparjana adhikaralu, mukhyamgaa" private nundi private "samupaarjanalo, prastuta yajamani yajamanya hakkulapai teevramaina dandayaatraku samanam" anie nokki chepparu." 
ayinappatikee, oka private yajamaniki tirigi pampabade bhoomini konugolu cheyadaaniki tappanisari konugolu arderlu tarachugaa upayoginchabadutunnaayi, veetilo "alayans spring limited vii fust secretory" loe unnaayi, ikkada aayudhagaara football club kosam emirates staediyamnu nirminchadaaniki ilingtonloni gruhalanu konugolu chesaaru. dheeniki viruddhamgaa, "james vii united kingdom" loe, westminster yokka 6va duke, chaalaa varaku mayfair mariyu belgraviaku vaarasatvamgaa yajamani, leejudaarula konugolu hakku ekr protocol 1, artical 1loe vaari aasti hakkunu ullanghinchindani vaadinchaaru. european maanava hakkula nyayasthaanam 1967 leeju holdu samskarana chattam, addedaarulu vaari private bhuswamula nundi aastulanu konugolu cheyadaaniki anumatinchedi, sabhya desham yokka prasamsala paridhiloo undani teerpu ichindi. praja prayojanaala drishtya aasti hakkulanu niyantrinchadaaniki sabhya deshaaniki idhi samarthatha kaligi undhi.
niyantrana ledhaa pranaalika nirnayaalu saadhaaranamgaa aasti hakkulanu ullanghistaya anae maroka samasya united kingdamku mukhyamainadi kaadu. lucas vii south carolina kosta council" anie piluvabade yuu. ess. supreenkortu vibhajinchina kesulo, oka niyantrana aasti yajamani bhoomini abhivruddhi cheyadaanni nirodhisthe (eee sandarbhamlo teerapraanta beechlanu parirakshinchadaaniki) pariharam chellinchaalsi untundani majority abhiprayapaddaru. british commonwealthlo chaalaa varaku dheenini anusarinchaledu, mariyu "grape bay limited vii bermuda attarney general" loe, aastiki sambandhinchi saamaajika mariyu aardhika vidhana samasyalanu nirnayinchadaaniki nyayasthaanam kante prajaasvaamya saasanasabha nirnayam uttamamani prevy council salaha ichindi. 
ikkada, bermuddon rajyangam prakaram "aasti hakkula" ullanghanagaa restaurantnu teravadaanni nirodhinchadaaniki chattanni aamodinchinanduku bermudapai mokaddamaaku mcdonald prayatninchaaru, idhi oka vyapaaraanni mariyu vividha oppanda erpaatlanu nirvahinchagaladane nireekshananu kaligi undani perkondi. lard hafman atuvanti aasti ullanghana ledani paerkontuu, "poura samajam yokka ivvadam mariyu teesukovadam tarachugaa saadhaarana praja prayojanaala drishtya vyaktigata hakkula viniyogaanni parimitam cheyalsina avasaram undani paerkonnaadu."european maanava hakkula nyayasthaanam yokka nyaayasaastram, puurtigaa spashtamgaa laenappatikee, idhe vidhamaina vidhananni suuchistumdi.
pratikuula swaadheenam.
aangla bhoomi charitralo bhaarii paatra pooshinchinappatikii, aastini sampaadinchadaaniki atyanta vivaadaaspada paddhati pratikuula swaadheenam. chaaritraatmakamgaa, evarainaa ekkuva kaalam bhoomini kaligi unte, idhi manchi birudunu pondadaanni samarthistundani bhaavinchaaru. dheeni ardham madhya yugaalalo vividha vargaalu, prabhuvulu ledhaa baaranlu aangla bhoomini nirantaram jayinchi, dochukuni, dongilinchinappatikii, taamu ekkuva kaalam bhoomini kaligi unnamani choopinchagaligina vaaru vaari birudunu prasnincharu. nirantaram upayoginchinatlayithe yajamani upayoginchani ledhaa nirlakshyam chesina bhoomini marokari aastigaa marchadam marinta aadhunika pani. inglandlo koorchovadam anedi bhoomini samarthavantamgaa upayoginchadaaniki oka maargamgaa undhi, mukhyamgaa aardhika ksheenata kaalamlo. 2002 bhuu namodu chattam mundu, oka vyakti 12 samvatsaraalu bhoomini kaligi unte, appudu saadhaarana chattam prakaram, "pratikuula yajamani" nuu tolaginchadaaniki munupati yajamani yokka charya hakku mugustundi. saadhaarana chattaparamaina samarthana emitante, parimiti chattam 1980 prakaram, oppandam ledhaa himsalo charya yokka kaaranaanni kaalaparimitilopu upayoginchaalsinatle, bhoomini tirigi pondadaaniki charya kooda jarigindi. idhi vyaajyaala yokka antimatanu mariyu daavaala khachitatvanni prothsahinchindi. 
evarainaa bhoomini ledhaa daanilo kontha bhaganni pratyaekamgaa swaadheenam chesukuni, prastuta yajamani prayojanaalaku pratikuulamgaa daanini swaadheenam chesukovalani uddesinchinappudu samayam nadustundi. pratikuulamaina "swaadheenam" yokka saadhaarana chattaparamaina avasaralu neraverchinatlayithe, 12 samvatsaraala taruvaata, yajamani daavaanu nokki cheppalekapotadu. ayithe, 2002 loe registered bhoomini pratikuulamgaa swaadheenam chesukovadam chaalaa kashtamaindi. namodu kaani bhoomula kosam niyamaalu munupatilage undipoyaayi. conny 2002 naati schedule 6,1 nundi 5 varaku paeraalu prakaram, 10 samvatsaraala taruvaata pratikuula yajamani kotta registered yajamani kaavadaaniki registrarku darakhaastu cheyadaaniki arhulu. registrar appudu registered taitil holdernu sampradinchi, darakhaastu gurinchi vaariki teliyajestaaru.
pratikuula yajamanini bayataku teeyadaaniki rendu samvatsaraala paatu etuvanti charyalu praarambhinchakapothe, appudu matrame registrar thana paerunu badilee chestaaru. antakumundu, oka bhuswamy daani gurinchi teliyakundaane ledhaa teliyajeyakundaane hakkunu kolpovachhu. idhi niyamam endukante idhi bhoomini vaastavaaniki elaa upayogistunnarane daanipai yajamani eppuduu taginanta shraddha chuupaleedani, anduvalla maajee yajamani daanini unchukoovadaaniki arhulu kaadani suuchistumdi. 2002 kii mundu, pratidee nayam cheyadaaniki samayam kanipinchindi. bhoomini samarthavantamgaa upayoginchela chudatam eee niyamam yokka pani. cheekati vaipu emitante, bhoomini tarachugaa balavantamgaa swaadheenam chesukunna yuganiki, mariyu "terra nulius" vanti siddhaantaalanu british saamrajyamlo valasarajyala samarthanalagaa saamraajyavaadulu samarthinchinappudu kooda eee aalochana chaalaa soukaryavantamgaa undedi.
registered yajamani notice ivvadamlo gananeeyamaina addanki pravesapettabadataaniki mundu, pratikuula swaadheenam yokka nirdishta avasaralu sahetukamgaa suutigaa undevi. modatidi, parimiti chattam 1980looni schedule 1, paeraalu 1 mariyu 8 prakaram, pratikuula swaadheenam praarambhamaina samayam "swaadheenam" teesukunnappudu. idhi kevalam kontakaalam paatu bhoomipai vastuvulanu nilva cheyadam vanti taatkaalika ledhaa thaathkaalikamaina vaati kante ekkuvagaa undaali. conny "swaadheenam" kuu vaastavamaina vrutti avasaram ledhu. kabatti "pavel vii mcfarlane" loe, mister pavel, 14 samvatsaraala vayassu nundi, thana aavulanu mister mcfarlane bhoomiloki tiragadaaniki anumatinchinappudu dheenini "swaadheenam" gaa bhaavinchaaru. 
rendava avasaram emitante, bhoomini swaadheenam chesukune uddesam undaali. mister pavel thana daavaanu kolpoyadu endukante kevalam thana aavulanu tirugutuu anumatinchadam anedi oka aspashtamaina charyah athanu swaadheenam chesukovalanukunnatlu aadharalu unnaayi, udaaharanaku bhoomipai sankethaalanu nilabettadam mariyu laareeni nilabettadam dwara. conny idhi mcfarlane yokka claim gaduvu mugisina 12 samvatsaraala kaalaparimitiki taginanta kaalam jaragaledu. moodavadi, yajamani sammatitoe vyakti akkada unte swaadheenam "pratikuulamgaa" pariganinchabadadu. udaaharanaku, "bipi properties limited vii buckler" loe, srimati buckler bipi yaajamaanyamloni bhoomipai pratikuula swaadheenam pondalerani dillon elje abhiprayapaddaru, endukante bipi aame jeevitaantam addeku lekunda undavacchani cheppindi. 
naalgavadi, parimiti chattam 1980 sectionlu 29 mariyu 30 prakaram, pratikuula yajamani yajamani birudunu yea vidhamgaanuu angeekarinchakudadu, ledhaa gadiyaram mallee panicheyadam praarambhistundi. ayithe, nyaayasthaanaalu eee avasaranni saralamgaa ardham chesukunnayi. zaa paie (oxford) limited vii graham" loe, mister mariyu mister graham mister paie bhoomilo oka bhaganni anumatinchaaru, aapai leeju gaduvu mugisindi. idhi pranaalika anumati pondadaaniki aatamkam kaliginchavacchani, mister paie leejunu punaruddharinchadaaniki niraakarinchaaru. 
nijaaniki bhoomi upayoginchabadaledu, mister paie aemee cheyaledu, ayithe grahalu aastiki keeni unchukuni, daanini tama polamlo bhaagamgaa upayoginchaaru. parimiti kaalam mugimpulo, aaa bhoomi tamadani vaaru paerkonnaaru. vaastavaaniki vaaru mister paie nundi licenses konugolu cheyadaaniki mundukochaaru, conny house off lards idhi tamaku daavaa nundi dhooram chese sheershikanu angeekarinchataaniki samanam kaadani perkondi. yuke nyaayasthaanaalalo odipoyina mister paie, eee kesunu european maanava hakkula nyaayasthaanaaniki teesukellaaru, thana vyaapaaraaniki £10 millionla pariharam andaalani vaadinchaaru, endukante idhi ekr protocol 1, artical 1 prakaram "aastulanu saantiyutamgaa aasvaadinchadam" thana hakkunu ullanghinchindi. 
sambandhita aasti niyamaalanu nirnayinchadam sabhya desham yokka prasamsala paridhiloo undani paerkontuu kortu dheenini tiraskarinchindi. lekapothe, leejula vishayamlo suutrampai oka mukhyamaina parimiti emitante, pratikuula swaadheenam charyalu leejudaarupai matrame vijayavantamavutaayi, leeju gaduvu mugisina tarvaata freeholder kaadu. ayithe pradhana parimiti emitante, 2002 chattam pratikuula swaadheenam suutraanni balaheenaparichinatlu kanipistundi, endukante registrar ippudu daani tracklalo pratikuula swaadheenam aapadaniki teesukovalasina charyala gurinchi yajamaanulaku samarthavantamgaa teliyajestaadu.
yajamaanula madhya praadhaanyata.
bhoomi mariyu daanipai unna vastuvulanu okesari aneka mandhi prajalu aasvaadinchagalaru kabatti, chattam daani yajamanya niyamaalalo bahula prayojanaalanu kaligi undaali mariyu tarachugaa evari prayojanaalaku praadhaanyata undho nirnayinchaali. bhoomi yokka freehold oka vyaktiki chendinappudu, daani viniyogaaniki evariki praadhaanyata undane daanipai etuvanti vivaadam talettadu. latin padabandham, "sic utere ٽیو yutt alionum naan-lidas" loe, okaru, saadhaaranamgaa, aastini marevarikee haani kaliginchaninta varaku yea vidhamgaanainaa upayoginchavacchu. idhi yajamani yokka saantiyutamaina aasti aanandaaniki vyatiraekamgaa, mukhyamgaa itarulaku visugu kaliginche ledhaa atikramana chese neeraalu ledhaa himsaku sambandhinchina daavaalanu teesukuraavadaaniki yajamaniki ekaika hakkunu istundi. 
jokyam yokka swabhaavaanni batti, yajamani tappanisarigaa aastini konugolu cheyalanukune rashtra adhikaarulapai ledhaa aastiloki pravesinchaalanukune ledhaa sodhinchaalanukune rashtra adhikaarulapai kooda pariharam kosam daavaalu undavacchu. ayithe, okati kante ekkuva mandhi vyaktulu real estate patla aasakti kaligi unnappudu, evaru claimlu teesukuraavacchu anie nirnayinchadaaniki yajamanya praadhaanyata niyamaalu avasaram. aasaktigala paarteelaku okadaanikokati unna hakkula vishayanni kooda niyamaalu nirnayinchaali. annintiloo modatidi, bhoomini rendu pradhana margallo saha-yajamanyamlo undavacchu. ummadi adde" loe, oka yajamani maraniste, athani ledhaa aame mottam vataa itara yajamaanulaku velutundani yajamaanulu angeekaristaarani chattam bhaavistundi. kesu chattam pradhanamgaa addedaaru yokka vatanu "saadhaarana addedaaru" nuu srushtinchadaaniki yea paristhitulalo kattirinchabadutundane daanitoe vyavaharistundi, ikkada manugada hakku ledhu, aapai yea paristhitulalo saadhaarana addedaaru aastini vikrayinchavalasi untundi daani viluvanu grahinchadaaniki. 
rendavadi, yajamaanulu tama aastini addedaarulaku nirneeta kaalaaniki leejuku ivvavacchu. yajamaanulu tama aastini itarulu upayoginchadaaniki licenses ivvavacchani kooda chattam gurtinchindi, idhi siddhaantaparamgaa vyaktigata hakkulanu matrame srushtistundi. leejulaku marinta chattabaddhamaina mariyu saadhaarana chattaparamaina hakkulu jatacheyabadinanduna, kortulu rendinti madhya sarihaddunu niyantrinchadamlo jagrattagaa unnaayi. moodavadi, aangla aasti chattam runa oppandam unna runadaataku aastulanu vasoolu chese ledhaa tanakha pette saamarthyaanni gurtistundi. dheeni ardham yajamani tirigi chellimpulapai default ayithe, runadaata aastini swaadheenam chesukovadaniki mariyu vikrayinchadaaniki anumatinche bhadrata kaligi untaadu. mariyu naalgavadi, porugu aasti yajamaanulu sulabhataram mariyu odambadikalu dwara tama bhoomini okarinokaru upayoginchukune hakkulanu srushtinchavachu ledhaa parimitam cheyavachu. ituvanti vishayalu oppandam dwara talettinappatiki, aangla chattam vaari yajamanya swabhaavaanni angeekaristundi, anduvalla avi vaarasulanu sheershikato bandhistaayi.
saha-yajamanyam mariyu raddu.
oka ekaika yajamani saadhaaranamgaa tanaku taginatlugaa kanipinche vidhamgaa thana aasaktini upayoginchadaaniki mariyu paaraveyadaaniki swechchagaa untaaru, bhoomi saha-yajamanyamlo unnappudu niyamaalu bhinnamgaa untaayi. marketlo bhoomi badilee saamarthyaanni meruguparachadam lakshyamgaa pettukunna aasti chattaala chattam prakaram, bhoomiki garishtamgaa naluguru saha yajamaanulu undaali, vaarandarikee oke sheershika undaali. antey oka konugoludaaru vaddeeni konugolu cheyadaaniki garishtamgaa naluguru vyaktulatoe matrame vyavaharinchaalsi untundi (udhaa.zii. daanilo puurtigaa konugolu ledhaa tanakha). laa off property act 1925 sectionlu 1 (6) mariyu 36 (2) "saadhaarana addedaaru" anie piluvabade vibhajinchabadina chattaparamaina sheershikanu nishedhistaayi. saha-yajamanya vaddiitoe ekkuva mandhi vyaktulu unte, appudu aasti chattam 1925 section 34 (2) dwara ravana meeda paeru pettabadina modati naluguru vyaktulu tadupari saha-yajamaanulaku dharmakartalugaa pariganinchabadataaru. 
phalitamgaa eee modati naluguru vyaktulu equitylo itara yajamaanulaku chattaparamaina pratinidhulu avutaaru. chattanni sulabhataram cheyadaaniki, equity aparimita sankhyalo saha-yajamaanulanu mariyu asamaana aasaktulu unna yajamaanulanu gurtistundi (antey.ii. "addedaarulu saadhaaranamgaa"). bhoomini vartakam chesthe, kaneesam iddaru dharmakartalaku dabbu chellinchinatlayithe, vaari vaddeeni "atigaa cherinatlu" pariganistaaru ledhaa bhoomi nundi vaeru chesi, dabbu konugolu cheyadaaniki tirigi jodinchi, vaari talapai samarthavantamgaa konugolu chestaaru. iddaru dharmakartalu dabbunu sweekarinchaalsina avasaram anedi oka dharmakarta dabbutho paaripoyi samaanamaina yajamaanulaku haani kaliginche pramaadaanni tagginchadaaniki uddesinchabadindi. joint addedaaru" anie piluvabade saha-yajamanyam yokka modati pradhana roopamlo, joint addedaarulu daanini vikrayinchinatlayithe aasti viluvalo samanamga panchukuntaarani bhaavistaaru, mariyu oka joint addedaaru maraniste, itarulu (laatinlo "manugada hakku" ledhaa "juse akresendi" dwara) athani mottam vatanu teesukuntaaru. 
idhi chattaparamaina ooha, mariyu yajamaanulu tama vatanu bhinnamgaa panchukoovaalani korukuntunnarani nirdheshinchadaaniki swechchagaa untaaru (udhaa.zii. aastiki aardhika sahakaram), mariyu marokaru tama vatanu vaarasatvamgaa pondaalani vaaru korukuntaru. hchm land registry yokka "tr1" roopamlo aastini badilee chesetappudu, yajamaanulu vaaru yea sambandhaanni enchukunnaro suuchimchavachchu, ayithe "stock vii douden" loe idhi ellappuduu nirnayaatmakamainadi kaadani supreenkortu abhipraayapadindi, mukhyamgaa prajalaku manugada niyamam gurinchi puurti avagahana lenappudu mariyu aastiki chaalaa asamaanamaina aardhika sahakaram icchinappudu. conny lekapothe, saha yajamaanulu tama vatanu tagginchukovadaaniki charyalu teesukune varaku equitylo ummadi addedaarulugaa untaaru.
equitylo vibajananu aidu pradhana margallo saadhinchavachchu. modatidi, okari vatanu vidadeeyadaaniki itara ummadi addedaarulaku "atuvanti korikaku vraatapuurvaka notice" ivvadaaniki laa off property act 1925 section 36 kinda chattabaddhamaina noteesunu andinchadam anedi vidadeeyadaaniki atyanta khachitamaina maargam. konni nyaayasthaanaalu eee nibandhananu nirbandhamgaa ardham chesukunnayi, kabatti "haaris vii goddard" loe appeal kortu srimati haaris thana vidaakula petitionlo "atuvanti uttarvu ivvamani" abhyardhinchindi... munupati vaivahika gruhaniki sambandhinchi, "mariyu ventane arder cheyamani abhyardhinchaledu, aame inca thana vatanu tagginchukoledu. dheeni ardham, kaaru pramaadam tarvaata mister haaris anukokunda maraninchinappudu, aame ummadi addedaarugaa undi, mottam intini vaarasatvamgaa pondagaligindi, mariyu mister haaris modati vivaham pillalu alaa cheyaledu. 
oka notice oka vyakti yokka illu ledhaa karyalayamlo vadiliveyabadinappudu ledhaa post chesinappudu mariyu adhi saadhaaranamgaa vachinappudu (postal nibandhanaku viruddhamgaa) pampinhee cheyabadakapothe, aasti chattam 1925 section 196 prakaram prabhaavavantamgaa ledhaa "sarv" cheyabadinatlu pariganinchabadutundi. kinch vii bullard" loe srimati johnson teevra anaarogyamtho unnaaru, intlo thana vatanu vidadeeyaalani korukundi mariyu oka lekha pampindi, conny mister johnson kooda anaarogyamtho unnaarani mariyu modata chanipotarani grahinchinappudu, aame thana vibhajana noteesunu raddu cheyalanukundi. aaa lekha appatike mister johnson intiki pampinhee cheyabadinanduna, mister johnson inca chadavakapoyinappatiki, daanini upasamharinchukolemani newberger zhe abhiprayapaddaru. 
rendavadi, mariyu section 36 yokka lanchanapraya vidhaanaaniki viruddhamgaa, "burgess vii ransley" loe iddaru vyaktula madhya lavadevila prakriya vidipovalane uddesyaanni vyaktam cheyagaladani perkonabadindi. mister burgess oka aastilo thana vatanu 750 poundlaku vikrayinchadampai mister raansleetho charchinchaaru, conny aame marinta adiginappudu charchalu nilichipooyaayi, aapai athanu anukokunda maraninchaadu. "" etuvanti drudamaina oppandam laenappatikee, kevalam oka bearam matrame unnappatikee, idhi ikapai aaa aastini ummadigaa unchaalane rendu pakshaala uddesaanni spashtamgaa spashtam chesindi, samyuktamgaa kaadu "anie lard denning mister annaru."moodavadi, kevalam okari vatanu vikrayinchadaaniki oka oppandam chesukovadam anedi kortulache vibhajanaga pariganinchabadutundi. 
naalgavadi, diwala chattam 1986 section 305 prakaram, diwala teesina vaari estate ventane diwala teesina dharmakartalo nihitamavutundi. aidavadi, ummadi kouludaaruni champadam anedi vatanu tenchukuntundi, endukante japthu chattam 1982 saadhaaranamgaa hantakudu thana tappu nundi prayojanam pondadaanni nirodhistundi. ayithe, "rae keey" loe appeal kortu section 2looni abheeshtaanusaaram japthu nundi vimukti pondaalani oka mahila chesina daavaanu samarthinchindi. srimati keey thana bhartanu kalchi champindi, conny sudeergha gruha himsa tarvaata matrame, mariyu aame hatya nundi vimukti pondindi endukante adhi uddeshapoorvakamgaa pariganinchabadaledu. chivaraga, aacharanatmakamgaa unte, prayojanakaramaina yajamaanulu bhoomi trusts mariyu trusteela niyamakam chattam 1996 section 7 kinda aastini bhouthikamgaa vibhajinchamani trusteelanu abhyardhinchavacchu mariyu vividha yajamaanulaku tagina vidhamgaa dabbunu bharti cheyavachu.
bhoomini elaa upayoginchaalane daanipai saha yajamaanulu vibhedinchinappudu, bhoomi trusts mariyu trusteela niyamakam chattam 1996 aastilo nivasinchagala ledhaa daanini eppudu vikrayinchavachanedaaniki maargadarsakaalu istundi. saha-yajamanyam yokka bhaarii vruddhi mariyu trustla dwara bhoomipai aasaktulanu sampaadinche prajalu, prajalu tama illanu kolpotarani ardham ayithe bhoomini vikrayinche sandarbhaalanu tagginchadam, 1996 naati praathamika prayojanaalalo okati. atyunnata sthaayi saadhaaranata vadda, 1996 section 6 prakaram aasti yokka chattaparamaina dharmakartalu (i.ii. equitylo yajamaanula kante, sheershikapai chattabaddhamaina yajamaanulu) saadhaaranamgaa sampoorna yajamani yokka anni adhikaaraalanu kaligi untaaru, conny labdhidaarulaku gowravam ivvali mariyu vaariki samrakshana baadhyatanu chellinchaali. 
murry mukhyamgaa, 11 nundi 13 varaku unna vibhagalu labdhidaarulaku aastini aakraminchukune parimita hakkunu istayi, idhi trust yokka vaddii mariyu uddesyaaniki anugunamgaa unte, bhoomi aakramanaku anukuulamgaa unte, ayithe dharmakartalu sahetukamainatlayite eee hakkunu parimitam cheyavachu. vibhedaalu karaganivi ayithe, section 14 prayojanakaramaina yajamani ammakam kosam kortuku darakhaastu cheyadaaniki anumatistundi. section 15 prakaram, kortu (i) sthiranivaasi yokka uddeshaalaku (ii) trust yokka prayojanam kosam (iii) akkada nivasistunna pillala prayojanaalaku mariyu (iv) surakshita runadaatala prayojanaalaku gowravam ivvali. antey oka saadhaarana sandarbhamlo oka kutumba intini vikrayinchamani byaanku ottidi chestunnappudu, daani vaddiilu migataa vaatannintinii adhigaminchavu. kabatti "tanakha corporation vii shair" loe, mister shair vaari intipai tanakha pondadaaniki thana bhaarya santakaanni nakilee chesi maraninchaadu, mariyu byaanku 1996 section 15 kinda swaadheenam mariyu ammakanni korindi, newberger zhe athanu ammakanni vaida vestaadani paerkonnaadu, endukante adhi ippatikee aame illu. 
[oka runadaata diwala teesinappudu 1996] marinta munduku saagindi. diwala chattam 1986loe 283eah mariyu 335eah anae kotta sectionlanu chaerchaaru, ivi diwala teesina samayamlo, ammakaniki aadesinche nirnayam (eah) diwala teesina runadaatala prayojanaala dwara, (bii) jeevita bhagaswamy pravartana, vaari vanarulu, pillala avasaralu mariyu diwala teesina vaari swantha avasaralu minaha maray itara avasaraala dwara maarganirdesam cheyabadaalani chebutaayi. ayithe, oka samvatsaram gaduvu mugisina tarvaata, "kesu paristhitulu asaadhaaranamainavi ayithe tappa" runadaatalaku daani viluvanu grahinchadaaniki aastini vikrayinchaalani kortu aadesinchaali. kabatti teevramaina paristhitulalo matrame, illu kolpovadam valla nivasi schizophrenia marinta digajaaravachu, kortulu ammakalanu vaida veyali. eee chattam chaalaa ekkuvagaa byaanku anukuulamainadi kabatti, idhi ekr artical 8 looni kutumba jeevita hakkunu baga ullanghinchavacchani "nicholls vii laan" loe suuchana cheyabadindi.
leejulu mariyu licensulu.
puurti yajamanyanni panchukoodaaniki badulugaa, bhoomini bhouthikamgaa vibhajinchakundaa, yajamaanulu licensulu ledhaa leejulu manjuru chesinappudu bhoomi yokka upayogam mariyu aanandaanni panchukovachhu. rendu vishayaala madhya vyatyaasam emitante, leeju anedi freehold chetulu marinappatiki moodava pakshaalanu bandhinche aasti hakkugaa pariganinchabadutundi, mariyu addedaarulaku marinta chattabaddhamaina rakshana leejulaku matrame jatacheyabadutundi, ayinappatikee aneka sandarbhaallo licenses holderlaku kooda rakshana perigindi. licenses anedi vyaktigata baadhyata anie cheppabadutundi, idhi saampradaaya siddhaantamlo licenseku chendina vyaktula madhya matrame amalu cheyagala hakkulanu srushtistundani cheppabadindi. 
modata, oka viniyogadaarudu dukaanam terichi unna talupu gundaa nadichinapudu vanti chattam yokka prabhavam dwara licensulu talettavachhu. viniyogadaarudu "bair licenses" kaligi unnatlu gurtinchabadindi, idhi atanni atikramana charya nundi vimukti chestundi mariyu sahetukamaina samayamlone vellipovalani koravachu. rendavadi, avi kutumba chattam chattam 1996 looni vibhagalu 30-31 prakaram saasanam dwara talettavachhu. moodavadi, avi apadam dwara talettavachhu. mariyu aacharanatmakamgaa atyanta mukhyamainadi, licensulu oppandam dwara raavacchu. idhi licenses graheeta bhoomi viniyoga nibandhanalanu nirdesistundi. udaaharanaku, "hurst vii picture theatres limited" loe, mister hurstnu hye streat kensington theatre nundi oka manager tolaginchaadu, athanu thana ticket kosam chellinchaledani nijaayiteegaa nammadu. 
tiketnu raddu chesinappatiki, atanni tolaginche hakku theatreku ledani buckley elje abhiprayapaddaru, endukante vaaru oppandaanni ullanghinchadamtho paatu atanipai daadi chesaaru, dheeni kosam athanu adanapu nashtapariharanni pondavacchu. ayithe, contractu licenses ullanghana baadhithuraalini balavantamgaa tirigi vellae hakku ivvadu, kabatti "thampson vii park" loe paatasaalaloki tirigi velladaaniki prayatninchina oka upaadhyaayudiki etuvanti parishkaram ledani cheppabadindi, endukante athanu modata kortu prakatnanu korali. veelaithe, mariyu nashtalu tarachugaa saripovu kabatti, nirdishta paniteerunu pradaanam cheyadaaniki kortulu praadhaanyata chuuputaayi. vaarshika samavesaniki pevilionku licenses icchina hakkudaarudu jaateeya frontlo unnappudu kooda idhi jarigindi.
nirdishta paniteeruku eee praadhaanyata saadhaaranamgaa licensulaku marinta "aasti lanty" hakkulanu andinchadamlo vyaktamavutundi. manchester vimaanaasrayam plc vii dutton" loe, national trust bhoomipai licenses unna vimaanaasraya samstha, atikramana nirasanakaarulanu tolaginchavacchani cheppukune hakku kaligi undhi. daani oppanda hakku atikramanadaarula hakku kante merugainadani bhaavinchabadindi. appudu, "errington vii wood" loe, oka tandri thana alludu mariyu kodalu tama tanakha chellinche varaku tyne intlo oka kotta kotalo undataaniki oppanda licenses icchinappudu, mariyu vaaru chesinappudu illu vaaridi avtundani, idhi maarchalenidigaa maarindi. 
srimati evans thana kuteeramlo jeevitaantam undagalarani treadegger estate maajee yajamaanulaku vaagdaanam chestu mister und mister biniyan nundi nirmaanaatmaka nammakam udbhavinchindani "binions vii evans" loe kooda paerkonnaaru. srimati evansku vaagdaanam cheyakapoyinappatiki, aaa baniyanlu tama vaagdaanaaniki kattubadi unnaaru. edemaina, "ashburn unstalt vii arnold" loe taruvaata appeal kortu nirmaanaatmaka trustlanu sulabhamgaa srushtinchaalani ledhaa sheershikalo vaarasulapai kattubadi undavacchani vaagdaanam cheyavachani khandinchindi.
leeju anedi marinta samakaaleena saamaajika praamukhyata kaligi undhi. leejulu saadhaaranamgaa oka oppandam dwara srushtinchabadataayi. chinna leejula kosam, moodu samvatsaraala kante takkuva, rayadam avasaram ledhu, mariyu edu samvatsaraala kante takkuva, namodu avasaram ledhu. sudeergha leejulu, avi lanchanaprayamga neraverchakapoyina, "walsh vii lonsdale" loe roopondinchina anchanaa siddhaantam prakaram namodu avasaralu kooda equitylo talettutaayi. dheeni ardham vaddii nirmaanaatmaka trust kinda amaluloki vastundi, idhi vaastava nivaasitulaku rakshanaku daariteestundi. 
laa off property act 1925 section 205 (1) (XXVIi) kinda adhikarikamga "sampoorna samvatsaraala kaalaparimiti" gaa piluvabade leeju, aastini kalanugunamga vibhajistundi mariyu leejutho addedaarulaku chattabaddhamaina rakshanala kolata vastundi. paatha adde chattam 1977 mariyu bhuswamy mariyu kouludaaru chattam 1954 kinda, ivi chaalaa mukhyamainavi, mukhyamgaa perugutunna adde dharalapai niyantranalanu andistaayi mariyu manchi samarthana lekunda kouludaarunu muginchakudadane hakkunu manjuru chestaayi (idhi UK kaarmika chattamlo anyaayamaina tolagimpu hakkuku samanam). addedaarulaku berasaaraala adhikaram yokka asamaanata kaaranamgaa eee rakshana avasaramani bhaavinchaaru.
1980laloe, chaalaa adde niyanthranalatho paatu eee hakkulu tolaginchabaddaayi. bhuswamy mariyu kouludaaru chattam 1985 prakaram, atyanta mukhyamaina rakshana emitante, aastula nirmaanaalu, neeru mariyu vaedi chese soukaryaalanu chinna leejula kosam marammatu cheyalsina bhuswamula meeda unna 11va vibhagam baadhyata. chaaritraka mariyu samakaaleena vibhajana, "leeju" anae padaaniki ardham meeda gananeeyamaina vyaajyaaniki daariteesindi. pradhana kesu, "streat vii mountford" loe, house off lards oka aastini pratyeka swaadheenam chesukovadam yokka vaastavika manjoorunu leeju mariyu licenses madhya pratyeka lakshanamgaa gurtinchindi. 
srimati mountford thana inti kosam "licenses rusumu" chellinchi, anyaayamaina adde perugudala nundi leejulanu rakshinche saasanam (adde chattam 1977) vartinchadani angeekaristuu oka faarampai santakam chesaaru. ayinappatikee, aame tanaku leeju undani, aame oppandaala roopam unnappatikee, aame nivaasa sthalaanni aameku pratyaekamgaa swaadheenam chesukovadame eee erpaatu yokka saaraamsam kabatti prabhuvula illu angeekarinchindani aame vaadinchindi. ag securities vii waghan" loe lard temple maan prakaram, prajalu vaati nundi oppandam kudurchukogaligithe, edainaa chattabaddhamaina rakshanalu "anedi oka ded letter avutundi, endukante gruha korata unna sthithilo nivaasa vasati korukune vyakti aasrayam pondadaaniki deenikainaa angeekarinchavacchu." 
oka vyaktiki chattabaddhamaina rakshana prayojanam undaa anae prasnaku, prativaadiki yajamanya aasakti undani (aasti nyaayavaadulalo viruddhamgaa) asambaddhamgaa pariganinchabadindi. kabatti "bruton vii london & quadrant housing trust" loe mister bruton housing associationku council nundi aastiki licenses matrame undhi, mariyu adhi marammatulu cheyadam ledhu. mister brutainku daavaa vaeyadaaniki leeju avasaramainappatiki, aasti chattaniki sambandhinchi ataniki licenses matrame unna trust nundi leeju manjuru cheyalekapoyinappatiki, chattabaddhamaina rakshana prayojanam kosam, house off lards ataniki leeju manjuru cheyabadindani angeekarinchaaru, mariyu marammatu kosam abhyardhinchavacchu.
tanakha mariyu bhadrata.
bhoomi yokka upayogam mariyu aanandam kosam real estatenu saha yajamaanulu mariyu addedaarula madhya vibhajinchavachhu, ayithe aastini taakattu pettukovadam pradhanamgaa runaalu tirigi chellinchabadela chusukovadam kosam upayogapadutundi. runaalu ichhe dabbu swabhaavam, byaankulu, runagraheetala madhya tarachugaa asamaana berasaaraala adhikaram kaaranamgaa, eee chattam runagraheetalaku anyaayamaina berasaaraala amaluku vyatiraekamgaa gananeeyamaina chattaparamaina rakshananu andistundi. pratignalu, taatkaalika hakkulu mariyu samaanamaina chaarjeelatoo paatu, aangla chattam tanakha naalugu pradhana rakaala bhadrata vaddiilaloo okatigaa pariganistundi, dheeni dwara moodava paarteelanu bandhinche yajamanya hakku oppandam mugisina tarvaata talettutundani chebutaaru. tirigi chellimpunu surakshitamgaa cheyadaaniki aastini andubaatulo unchaalane oppandam yokka uddesam matrame ayi undaali. 
aasti chattam 1925 chattam 85va vibhagam prakaram tanakha kosam oka patram avasaram (lpmpa 1989 vibhagam 1 kinda, santakam cheyabadina, sakshyam icchina mariyu adhi oka patram anie perkonna patram). bhoomi namodu chattam 2002 sectionlu 23 mariyu 27 prakaram, tanakha amaluloki raavadaaniki tanakha notice hchm land registrylo daakhalu cheyali. appudu, aasti chattam 1925 section 87 prakaram tanakha graheetaku tanakha ivvabadutundi (i.ii. surakshita runadaata) 3,000 samvatsaraala leeju holder vale adhe hakkulu. 3000 samvatsaraala" gurinchi eee suuchanaku kaaranam emitante, oka aadima rakshana charyalo, saadhaarana chattam tanakha nibandhanalu runaanni tirigi chellinchinappudu, chivariki aastini tirigi pondadaaniki ellappuduu anumatinchaalani perkondi. 
18va sataabdamloo "vernon vii bethel" lard henley elsi teesukunna nirnayamlo, runaanni teerchadaaniki bhoomini vadulukune avakaasaanni penchinappatikee, vernon tirigi chellinchadamlo ibbandi padinapudu, maraninchina london runadaata bethelku aantigvaaloni vernon chakkera thotanu ravana cheyadaanni amalu cheyadaaniki niraakarinchaadu. ippatike chellinchina gananeeyamaina vaddeeni batti, lard henley elsi idhi aastini tirigi pondhe vernon hakkunu (ledhaa "addanki") debbateestundani abhiprayapaddaru. athanu cheppinatlugaa runagraheetaku rakshana haamii ivvabadindi endukante "avasaramaina purushulu, nijamgaa cheppalante, svaechchaayutamaina purushulu kaadu, conny, prastuta avasaraniki samadhanam ivvadaaniki, telivigalavaaru vaaripai vidhinche yea nibandhanalakaina longipotaru". 
tadanugunamgaa, "okasari tanakha, ellappuduu tanakha" anie niyamam abhivruddhi chesindi, antey oka oppandamlooni nibandhanalanu amalu cheyadam dwara tanakha aastini ravana cheyalemu. antey runadaata garishtamgaa oka aastini daani viluvanu grahinchadaaniki vikrayinchavacchu, conny yajamanyanni teesukokapovacchu, mariyu runagraheeta ellappuduu aacharanatmakamgaa aastini tirigi pondagalagaali. companyla chattam 2006 section 739 dwara companylaku eee niyamam nilipiveyabadindi, mariyu vaanijyamlo anuchitamainadani "johns vii morgaon" loe vimarsinchabadindi, ayithe idhi ippatikee balaheenamaina runagraheetalanu rakshinchadaaniki praathamika saadhaarana chatta paddhatigaa migilipoyindi.
eee roeju saadhaarana chattam vadda atyanta sambandhita rakshana charya emitante, runagraheetalu tanakha nibandhanala gurinchi tappugaa choopinchinatlayithe ledhaa anavasaramaina prabhavam kaaranamgaa oppandaalu kudurchukunnatlayite, vaatini raddu chese hakku. raayal byaank off scatland vii etridge" anae pradhana kesulo, appeella samuuhamloo oka bhartha thana bharyanu byaankutoe tanakha oppandampai santakam cheyamani ottidi chestaadani aaropinchabadindi, ikkada kutumba intipai bhadrata undhi. anavasaramaina prabhavam oka oppandaanni raddu chestundani prabhuvula sabha angeekarinchindi, mariyu oka byaanku eee avakaasaanni grahinchi unte, adhi intlo jeevita bhagaswamy vaataaku vyatiraekamgaa tanakha oppandaanni amalu cheyalekapoyindi. 
tadanugunamgaa, byaankulu chellubaatu ayye tanakhaalanu nirdhaarinchaalanukunte, jeevita bhagaswamy lavadevini puurtigaa ardham chesukunnarani swatantra nyaayavaadi nundi dhruvikarinchalsi untundi. eee teerpu tanakhaala paryavasanalanu prajalu ardham chesukoni kesulanu tolaginchadaaniki uddesinchabadindi. pratyamnaayamgaa, swatantra salaha unnappatikee, jeevita bhagaswamy inca anavasaramgaa prabhaavitamaite ledhaa vaastavaalanu tappugaa choopinchinatlayithe, athanu ledhaa aame intini vikrayinche byaankuku vyatiraekamgaa etuvanti sahayam undadu, conny vruttiparamaina nirlakshyaaniki nyaayavaadipai daavaa veyavachu. saadhaarana chattaniki minchi, moodu pradhana rakaala chattabaddhamaina rakshanalu unnaayi. modata, aardhika sevalu mariyu marketla chattam 2000 tanakha runadaatala kosam licensing vyavasthanu krodikarinchindi. 
aardhika pravartanaa adhikaram aacharana niyamaavalini nirvahistundi mariyu licenses upasamharana muppuku anugunamgaa amalu chestundi. rendavadi, viniyogadaarula runa chattam 1974 rendava tanakha market yokka idhe vidhamaina niyantranalo paalgonadaaniki nyaayamaina vaanijya kaaryaalayaaniki adhikaram istundi. moodavadi, tanakha yokka content viniyogadaarula oppandaala nibandhanalu 1999 looni anyaayamaina nibandanalalo saadhaarana viniyogadaarula oppanda rakshana dwara niyantrinchabadutundi. chattam yokka saadhaarana praadhaanyata puurti paaradarsakatanu nirdhaarinchadam mariyu dopidi credit oppandaalanu raddu cheyadam, tadwara viniyogadaarulaku vaaru emi pondutunnaro telustundi mariyu anyaayamaina bearam pondaru.
runadaatalaku saadhaarana chattam mariyu saasanam nundi vistrutamaina hakkulu unnaayi. runagraheeta yokka modati hakku runaanni tirigi chellinchadam, conny runagraheeta yokka paristhitulu idhi asadhyam anie ardham ayithe, tanakha pettina aastini swaadheenam chesukuni vikrayinche prakriya saadhaaranamgaa praarambhamavutundi. daadaapu prati adugu kortu dwara madhyavartitvam cheyabadutundi. administration off justice act 1970 section 36 prakaram, "tanakha kinda bakai unna mottaalanu sahetukamaina vyavadhilo chellinchagalige avakaasam unte" kortu karyakalapalanu vaida veyavachu, mariyu viniyogadaarula credit chattam 1974 sectionlu 129-130 rendava tanakhaalaku kooda adhe vidhamgaa chestaayi. 
oka asaadhaaranamaina kesulo, "ropaijilach verses barclays byaank plc" anae oka kutumbam yajamani dhooramgaa unna (rendava) intini oka byaanku vaelam vesindi. clark elje 1970va samvatsarapu chattanni vartimpajeyalekapoyadu, endukante sarigga ardham chesukunnanduna, chattaparamaina charyalu vaastavaaniki praarambhinchinappudu matrame idhi karyakalapalanu nilipiveyagaligindi, mariyu ikkada edhee ledhu. marinta runagraheeta-snehapoorvaka nirnayamlo, "cheltenham & gloucester building society vii nargan" weit elje tirigi chellinche pranaalikanu aadesinchetappudu, oka nyaayamuurti "praarambhamlo tanakha pettukunevaariki atyanta anukuulamaina kaalanni" ivvali, tadwara nirantara egavetapai kortuku padepade darakhaastulanu nivaarinchavacchu, tadwara "tanakha pettukunevaariki thana avakaasam undani cheppadaniki nyaayamtho vinavacchu".
ammakam vishayaniki vasthe, aasti chattam 1925 sectionlu 101 mariyu 103 prakaram ammakaniki sambandhinchina nibandhana tanakha patramlo undi undaali, moodu nelala notice mariyu sthalam ivvali. ammakam tarvaata konugoludaarudu lekkalu laeni sheershikanu andukuntaadani 88va vibhagam nirdhaaristundi. ammakapu prakriyaloonae, samrakshana yokka vidhi untundi. kakmer brick koo vii mutual finance" loe mutual finance, kakmer brick koo yokka aastini runampai egavetaku guraina taruvaata vaelam vesindi, conny aaa aasti marinni flaatlanu nirminchadaaniki pranaalika anumatini pondindani prakatana cheyadamlo viphalamaindi. salmon elje oka illu takkuvagaa vikrayinchabadithe runagraheeta runampai mottaalaku baadhyata vahistaadani nokkichepparu, endukante "ammakam phalitamgaa tanakhaadaaru teevramgaa prabhaavitamavutaaru", "nijamaina market viluvanu pondadaaniki baadhyata untundi."antekakunda, oka tanakha graheeta sambandhita paarteeki vikrayiste adhika pariseelana sunkam vidhinchabadutundi. 
tse kwang laam vii wang chitt seen" loe mister wang velampata prakatanalu cheyakapoyina taruvaata mister tse nundi teesukunna aastini thana bharyaku vikrayinchaadu. claimlo alasyam antey ammakanni pakkana pettakudadani, gananeeyamaina prayojanaala sangharshana kaaranamgaa nashtalanu chellinchavacchani prevy council salaha ichindi. lavadevi sampuurnamgaa nyayamga mariyu samanamga undela "anni vidhaluga athanu nyayamga vyavaharinchaadani choopinchadaaniki tanakha graheetapai bhaarii baadhyata untundi" anie lard tempal maan nokki chepparu.
sulabhataram.
sulabhataram mariyu odambadikalu, chattam dwara vidigaa pariganhinchabadinappatiki, rendoo pranaalika parikaram yokka aadima rupaluga panicheesaayi. sthaanika prabhutvam mariyu pranaalika abhivruddhi chendadaaniki mundu, porugu aastilo nivasinche prajalu oppandaala dwara tama bhoomini elaa upayoginchaaro matrame niyantrinchagaligevaaru. modati poruguvadu rendava bhoomini upayoginchadaaniki oka oppandam anedi oka sulabhataram, saadhaaranamgaa maargam yokka hakkunu kaligi untundi, ledhaa modati vyakti bhoomi nundi edainaa teesukoovadaaniki anumatiste (udhaa.zii. baatulanu vetaadatam, chepalu pattadam ledhaa gorrelanu mepadam). modati poruguvadu thana sonta bhoomini rendava prayojanam kosam upayoginchakundaa undataaniki oka oppandam anedi nirbandha odambadika avutundi. sahajamgaane prajalu bhoomini yea vidhamgaanainaa upayoginchukovachhu. 
ayithe asalu contract paarteeki varasudu kattubadi unnada ledhaa anedi vaerae vishayamgaa kortulu bhaavinchaayi. nyaayasthaanaalu mukhyamgaa "saanukuula oppandaalu" (bhuswamy kharchu avasaram kaavacchu mariyu aemee cheyakunda neraverchalemu) mariyu "pratikuula sulabhataram" (oppandaala maadirigaa kakunda oppandam lekunda pondavacchu) thoo kuudinavi. phalitamgaa, councils yokka aadhunika pranaalika nirnayaalu, pradhanamgaa pattana mariyu dhesha pranaalika chattam 1990 dwara, porugu praantaalalo sambandhaalanu niyantrinchadaaniki saadhaarana chattam mariyu samaanatvaanni ekkuvagaa sthaanabhramsham chesaayi. inca aneka soulabhyam mariyu odambadikalu migili unnaayi.
rii ellenbaro park" loe naalugu retlu pareeksha dwara soulabhyam yokka paridhi pradhanamgaa parimitam cheyabadindi. rendava prapancha yuddhamlo daani abhyardhanaku pariharam koradaniki elenbaro park chuttoo unna inti yajamaanulu mataparamaina thotalapai tamaku soulabhyam undani chuupimchaalani korukunnaru. lard evershed mister angeekarinchaaru endukante (1) vaaru aadhipatya nivaasaalanu kaligi unnaaru, (2) "seva" nivaasampai vaari hakkulu (i.ii. udyaanavanam) vaari bhoomiki prayojanam chekurchindi (3) vaariki sevakarudi nivaasam ledhu, mariyu, konni mundastu adhikaram swachchamaina aanandam kosam soulabhyam undadani suuchimchinappatikii, (4) idhi gurtimpu pondina soulabhyam yokka vargamlo undhi. 
chaalaa tarachugaa, sulabhataram cheyadam anedi maargam yokka hakkulu. aneka iteevali kesulalo kaar parking kooda undhi, veetilo "moncryffe vii jamieson" kooda undhi, ikkada teerapraantam mariyu nitaruga unna escorpment madhya unna bhoomi yajamani thana poruguvaari dwara matrame access kaligi unnadu, mariyu athanu 1973 nundi akkada parking cheyadaaniki alavaatu paddadu. kaaru parking thana bhoomini upayoginchukundani, anduvalla adhi sulabhataram kaadani servies adde yajamani paerkonnaaru. conny prabhuvula illu aadhipatya yajamani alavaatupadina parking swabhaavamlo (idhi saasvatamainadi kaadu), hakkunu sulabhataram gaa pariganinchavacchani bhaavinchindi.
modata, aasti chattam 1925 section 65 (1) prakaram, oka bhuswamy thana bhoomipai poruguvaariki spashtamgaa hakkunu manjuru cheyavachu ledhaa bhoomilo kontha bhaganni marokariki vikrayinche hakkunu kaligi undavacchu. rendavadi, express haamii dwara kooda sulabhataram kaavacchu, idhi yajamanya estapelnu prerepistundi. crob vii arun jilla mandali" loe idhe jarigindi, ikkada oka bhuswamy pradhana rahadari nundi maargam icchina maroka bhaganni vikrayinchinappudu, council thana bhoomiki pravesam istamani haamii icchina taruvaata oka bhuswamy oka sulabhamaina sthalaanni pondaadu. moodavadi, chattam saadhaaranamgaa, aasti yokka sahetukamaina aanandaaniki avasaramaite, nirmaana prakriya dwara sulabhataram cheyavachu. 
niyamaalu oppandaalalo vileenam mariyu chikkulu nibandhanalatho samanamga untaayi, kabatti udaaharanaku "green vii lard somerleton" loe jonathan parker elje lard somerleton bhoomi nundi neetini green daiklaloki paaraveyadaaniki sulabhataram cheyadaaniki aamodinchaaru, endukante 1921loe bhoomini vikrayinchinappudu daani saraina nirmaanamloo paarudala patraanni chaerchaaru. kent vii kavanag" loe sahetukamaina aanandam anedi ardham yokka lakshyam kabatti, bhoomi ummadi yajamanyam mariyu aakramanalo unna paristhitulalo matrame sulabhataram cheyabadutundani spashtam cheyabadindi. eee pareeksha aaa vaastavaalapai santrupti chendindi, ikkada rendu paakshikamgaa verucheyabadina illu venuka thotalu cherukovadaniki vaati madhya oka chinna maargam kaligi unnaayi, mariyu tadupari konugoludaaru daani sagam maargamlo nirminchaalani korukunnadu. venuka thota aanandinchadaaniki easment avasaramani chadwick elje abhiprayapaddaru. naalgavadi, aasti chattam 1925 section 62 prakaram, ravana samayamlo "bhoomiki sambandhinchina ledhaa prasiddhi chendina" sulabhatara vastuvulu konugoludaaruni bandhistaayi. kabatti "hair vii gillman" loe, edu samvatsaraala leeju unnappudu poruguvaari mundu praamganamloo thana kaarunu park chesina oka mahila aaa taruvaata intini konugolu chesinappudu spatikaakaara leejunu pondindi. iravai samvatsaraala paatu eejmentlanu upayoginchinatlayithe, chrystalized leagal raitnu pondadaaniki aidava paddhati prescription act 1832 dwara untundi. eee paddhati saralamaina podiginchina upayogam nundi vastundi, mariyu easment kosam etuvanti avasaram chuupimchaalsina avasaram ledhu. 
paipulu ledhaa kebullanu erpaatu cheyadaaniki prabhutva adhikarulu ketaayinchina "vae leaves", mariyu graameena mariyu raits off vae chattam 2000 thoo sahaa aneka chattabaddhamaina sulabhataram kooda unnaayi, idhi prajalaku "tirige hakku" unna private mariyu saadhaarana bhoomula namodaina sankhyanu vistarinchindi. ayithe, rakshananu nirdhaarinchadaaniki oka easment namodu cheyali. bhoomi vikrayinchabadina vyaktiki teliste, mariyu sahetukamaina jagrattagaa tanikhi chesinappudu sulabhataram spashtamgaa unte, conny 13 october 2003 nundi chattam prakaram sulabhataram cheyabadinatlayithe (equity kaadu) matrame, namodu cheyani sulabhataram 2002 schedule 3, paeraa 3 prakaram athi-vaddiigaa gurtinchabadutundi.
oppandaalu.
oka sulabhataram kakunda, oka odambadikanu oppandam dwara ledhaa bahusha haamii dwara matrame pondavacchu, conny prescription dwara kaadu. atyanta prasiddha sandarbhamlo, ippudu licester square yajamani ayina "tulk vii moxe" poruguvaariki taanu bhavanalanu nirminchanani vaagdaanam chesaadu, conny taruvaati konugoludaaru (eee oppandam gurinchi telisina) nirminchadaaniki prayatninchaadu. odambadika bhoomini taakinatlayithe mariyu daaniki sambandhinchinatlayithe, asalu odambadikadaarulu bhavishyat yajamaanulanu bandhinchaalani odambadikanu uddesinchinatlayite, mariyu adhe bhoomitho bhavishyat yajamaanulaku odambadika gurinchi notice unte, mundastu odambadika bhavishyat yajamaanulanu bandhinchavacchani lard cottenham elsi abhiprayapaddaru. 
aasti chattam 1925 section 78 prakaram, odambadika nundi prayojanam pondadaaniki paeru pettabadina vyaktiki sheershikalo unna vaarasulu odambadika mariyu aasti chattam 1925 section 79 nuu amalu cheyadaaniki nilabadi unnatlu bhaavistaaru, oka odambadika vyaktigatam kaadu, conny yaajamaanyamainadi, mariyu sheershikalo vaarasulapai kattubadi untundi. ayithe, poruguvaari madhya oppandaalanu yerparachukovadam dwara aaa oohanu khandinchavachhu. idhi "oxford limited vii oxford united football club yokka morels" loe jarigindi, ikkada oxford ufc pabnu nirminchadampai morel yokka pub kii nishedhaagna labhinchadani robbert walker elje abhiprayapaddaru, endukante oxford ufc yokka puurveekulu 1962loe vaagdaanam cheyanappatiki, itara klaajulalo chesinappudu, vaarasula pub clazlo kattubadi untaarani soochinche bhashanu upayoginchadamlo patram viphalamaindi. 
odambadikallo vivaadaaspada amsam emitante, nyaayasthaanaalu bhoomi viniyogaanni parimitam chese vaatini matrame amalu chestaayi, ippativaraku saanukuula vyayam avasaramayye odambadikalanu amalu cheyadaaniki niraakarinchaayi. rone vii stephens" loe dheeni ardham oka inti yajamani thana paikappunu marammatu cheyavalasina avasaram ledhu, idhi neeti nundi kinda unna kuteeraanni rakshinchindi. lard temple maan idhi evarainaa oka oppandaaniki gopyamgaa lenappudu daaniki baadhyata vahinchakudadane nibandhanaku viruddhamgaa untundani bhaavinchaaru. poruguvaarindarikii paraspara prayojanaalu mariyu bharalu unnappudu idhi koddigaa tagginchabadindi. "kontamandi liverpool estate nivaasitulu estate roadlu, kaaluvalu, vihaarayaatra mariyu samudra godalanu upayoginchadam valla prayojanam kaligi unte, vaaru daani nirvahana kosam chellinchaalsi untundani "halsal vii brijel" abhipraayapadindi. 
odambadikalu saadhaaranamgaa, nishedhaagnala dwara amalu cheyadaginavi, conny hakku kolpovadaanni pratibimbimchae nashtalanu chellinchadam dwara kooda amalu cheyadaginavi (nishedhaagna anachivetagaa unte). udaaharanaku "rotham park estate koo limited vii park side homes limited" loe nirbandha oppandaanni ullanghinchi illanu nirminchina developernu briteman zhe thana oohinchina labhalalo 5 saatam pariharamga chellinchaalani aadesinchaadu. chivaraku, aasti chattam 1925 section 84 kinda odambadikalu vaadukalo lekunte, labdhidaarudu takkuva nashtapotadu ledhaa parokshamgaa angeekarinchi unte, ledhaa bhoomini sahetukamgaa viniyoginchukovadaaniki aatamkam kaligiste, vaatini aarpenduku bhuu nyaayasthaanaaniki darakhaastulu cheyavachu, labdhidaarudiki pariharam chellinchavacchu.
bhoomi viniyogam mariyu niyantrana.
ingland ledhaa united kingdamloni "bhuu chattam" grandhaala yokka vilakshanhamaina vishayam bhuumilooni aastipai vishayaala srushti mariyu prayojanaala rakshanaku sambandhinchinadi ayinappatikee, bhoomi yokka aacharanaatmaka mariyu saamaajika praamukhyata adhi upayoginche vidhaanaaniki vistarinchindi. chaaritraatmakamgaa, bhoomi saamaajika sampadaku atyanta mukhyamaina vanarugaa undedi. 19va sataabdamloo sampadanu samrakshinchadamlo daani paatranu corporations mariyu nirvahinche nidhulu chaalaa varaku vismarinchaayi, ayithe gruhanirmaanam, aardhika abhivruddhi, vyavasayam mariyu sahaja vanarula velikiteeta mariyu paryaavaranamloo bhaagamgaa bhoomi keelakamgaa undhi. 
private hakkula samuparjana pakkana pedithe, bhuu viniyogam yokka praja niyantrana pootiidaarula madhya pootii prayojanaalaku madhyavartitvam vahinchadaaniki prayatninchindi. gruhanirmaanamlo, prajalu illu kaligi undaalsina avasaram anedi labham kosam addelu koorutuu bhuswamula prayojanaala madhya, mariyu gruhalanu nirminchadamlo mariyu nirvahinchadamlo prabhutvaala madhya samatulyata kaligi untundi. gruhanirmaanam anedi private pettubadi aadaayaaniki avashesha vanarugaa migilipoyindi, idhi subprime tanakha sankshobham varaku mariyu aaa taruvaata perigindi, ayithe aasti pannu anedi hchm treasuryki gananeeyamaina aadaaya vanarugaa migilipoyindi. mukhyamgaa 1909 nundi, bhavana naanhyatanu meruguparachadaaniki mariyu sthaanika praadhaanyatalanu pratibimbimchae vidhamgaa pattana abhivruddhini pampinhee cheyadaaniki kotta jaateeya pranaalika vyuuhaalu upayoginchabaddaayi. 
paryaavarana parirakshana vidhanalu bhoomini upayoginche maargaalanu mariyu daani upayogam sthaanika samajalapai choope prabhavalanu parimitam chestaayi. chivaraku, vyavasayam mariyu vanarula velikiteeta munupati kante UK aardhika vyavasthalo chinna paatra poeshinchaayi, conny, european union chuttoo oka saadhaarana vyuuhamtoe paatu, eee parisramalu bhoomi viniyogaanni sthiramgaa cheyadaaniki uddesinchina raayiteelu mariyu market nibandhanala vyavastha nundi prayojanam pondaayi.
pranaalika mariyu moulika sadupayalu.
1909 kii mundu sataabdaalaloo, bhoomini elaa upayoginchaalo pranaalika chese chattam ekkuvagaa visugu techhe chattaniki, mariyu soulabhyam mariyu odambadikala kosam poruguvaari madhya oppandaalaku matrame parimitam cheyabadindi. idhi ellappuduu nijam kaadu, endukante magna carta 1215 nundi, mariyu atavee saasanapatram yokka tadupari abhivruddhi ("adavi" anedi kireetam bhoomi kosam oka paatha padam) nundi, saamaanyula vaadakaaniki sambandhinchi gananeeyamaina chattam undih saadhaarana prajalu aaharam, kalapa, vaeta ledhaa pasuvula pempakam kosam upayoginchagala praja bhoomi. 
saasanaalu mariyu kesu chattam prajalu nirvahinchagala karyakalapala rakalanu mariyu vaaru saadhaarana aastini enthavaraku upayoginchavachho niyantrinchaayi. conny kramamga 15va sataabdam mariyu 16va sataabdamloo, kuleenulu aavarana udyamaanni praarambhinchaaru, phalitamgaa daadaapu anni saadhaarana aastulanu praivaeteekarinchaaru. bhoomi yokka praja chattam praamukhyata takkuvagaa maarindi, 19va sataabdapu nyaayavyavastha vyaktigata hakkula praamukhyatanu prakatinchadam vinadam saadhaaranam, kaneesam gurtinchadagina kaneesa baadhyathatho. 
udaaharanaku, 1865loe "toppling vii johns" loe, lard cranworth prati "manishi" anie prakatinchaadu... thana sonta bhoomini nirminchukovadam dwara daanini upayoginchukune hakku [ataniki] undhi, endukante athanu thana prayojanaala kosam ekkuvagaa aalochistaadu ". poruguvaari nundi prabhutva ledhaa vyaktigata visugu kosam hakkudaarudu daavaa veyavachu, conny visugugaa pariganinchabade daani yokka kesu aadhaarita nirvachanam saadhaaranamgaa saadhaarana prajalaku ananukuulamgaa untundi. udaaharanaku, okari inti gundaa biggaraga railvenu nadupithe soulabhyam kolpovadampai etuvanti abhyantaram undadu. 
sturges vii bridgman" loe appeal kortu, visugugaa pariganinchabadedi aaa praantam yokka swabhaavampai aadharapadi untundani, dheeni ardham 'belgrave squarelo visugu kaliginchedi bermandsylo alaa undavalasina avasaram ledhu' anie perkondi. anukokunda dheeni ardham belgrave squareloni dhanavanthula maadirigaane dhanavanthulu rakshinchabadavachhu, ayithe bermondsey vanti pradaesaalaloo paedalaku vaari sthaanika vaataavaranaalapai takkuva niyantrana undedi. eee kaaranamgaa prajasvaamyayutamgaa ennikaina sthaanika mandalulaku tama chuttoo unna bhoomini elaa upayoginchaalo nirnayinche adhikaram ivvaalani bhaavinchaaru. aadhunika nyaayasaastramlo, aasti saamaajika baadhyatanu kaligi undatam, chattamlo gurtinchabadina aasti hakkula paridhini 'vaati saamaajika paniteeruku sambandhinchi pariganinchaali' anedi praathamika suutramgaa maarindi. 
UKloe modati pradhana chattam, housing, town planning modalainavi chattam 1909, sthaanika prabhutvaalaku pranaalika pathakaalanu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki adhikaram ivvadam dwara mariyu inspectorlanu niyaminchadam dwara, sthaanika prabhutva borduku appeeltho, praarambhamlo paarisuddhya paristhitulaku sambandhinchi dheenini gurtinchindi. ayithe, pattana mariyu dhesha pranaalika chattam 1947 atyanta klishtamaina maarpunu chesindi, sambandhita minahaayimpu unte tappa, bhoomini abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki sthaanika prabhutvam nundi anumati avasaram. appati nundi aadhunika chattam sthaanika, praantiiya mariyu jaateeya pranaalika chatta vyavasthagaa edigindi. tappanisari konugolupai niyamaalato paatu, idhi aasti viniyogaanni samaajamlo ekkuvagaa prabhaavitamaina prajalu nirnayinchelaa roopondinchabadindi.
nedu, pattana mariyu dhesha pranaalika chattam 1990 praathamika pranaalika niyamaalanu kaligi undhi. 57va section prakaram bhoomini 'abhivruddhi' cheyadaaniki anumati ivvali. 55va vibhagam 'abhivruddhi' nii bhavanam, injaneering, maining ledhaa bhavananni koolchiveyadam ledhaa intini rendugaa vibhajinchadam vanti edainaa vastuvulanu marchadam anie nirvachistundi. ayithe, upa vibhagam 2, vyavasayam ledhaa ataveesaastram kosam, ledhaa aasti 'taragatula' samuuhamloo aasti viniyogamlo maarpulu kosam, vinodam kosam edainaa yaadrucchikamgaa nivaasa gruhaalalo maarpulanu minahaayistundi. vyapara aastilo maarpulu chese chaalaa mandiki, pattanam mariyu dhesha pranaalika (upayoga taragatulu) arder 1987 appudu sambandhitamavutundi. 
prati aasti viniyogaaniki oka taragati untundi. yea1 taragatilo pustaka dukaanaalu ledhaa kshourashaalalu vanti dukaanaalu unnaayi, yea3 taragatilo cafelu unnaayi, sea1 taragati hotallu mariyu sea3 taragati illu unnaayi. oka aasti viniyogaaniki oka taragati lopala maarpu cheyabadithe, maarpulaku anumati avasaram ledhu. anumati manjuru cheyabadithe, adhi besharatugaa undavacchu, ledhaa section 106 prakaram sthaanika adhikaram bhuswamy tappaka anusarinchaalsina sharatulanu jatacheyavachhu. 171eah nundi 196sii varaku unna sectionlu amalu niyamaalanu kaligi untaayi, veetilo sthaanika adhikarulu pranaalika nibandhanalanu ullanghinchinanduku neeraalaku paalpadina vyaktulapai abhiyogaalu mopadaniki mariyu aastiki pravesam pondhe hakkunu kaligi undataaniki anumatinchadam vantivi untaayi. 
ayithe, section 171bii kinda, evarainaa pranaalika niyamanni ullanghinchinappatiki, naalugu samvatsaraalalo etuvanti amalu charyalu teesukuraakapothe, etuvanti chaarjee undaduh bhuswamy roganirodhaka shakti pondutaaru. 197 nundi 261 varaku unna sectionlalo chetlu, prakatanalu, rahadaarulu vanti vishayaalaku sambandhinchina vivaranaatmaka niyamaalu unnaayi. restaurantlu, pabbulu ledhaa clubbulu vanti nirdishta prayojanaala kosam upayoginchabade samsthala kosam, licensing chattam 2003, vyaparalu tama sthaanika adhikaram nundi licenses pondagala vidhaanaalanu mariyu vyapara samayam, madyam erpaatu mariyu sabdam sthaayilatho sahaa sharatulanu (dheeni kinda samstha nirvahinchabadaali) nirdesistundi.

