
thailand racharikam

thailand racharikam (dheeni chakravartini thailand raaju anie pilustaaru;, ledhaa chaaritraatmakamgaa, siam raaju;) anedi thailand rajyam (gatamlo siam) yokka rajyanga racharikam mariyu chakravartini suuchistumdi. thailand raaju rashtra adhipati mariyu chakri paalaka raaja gruhaniki adhipati.
prastuta chakri raajavamsam 1782loe srushtinchabadinappatiki, thaylandlo raacharika samstha uniki 1238loe sukhotay rajyam sthaapinchinappati nundi, ekkatat maranam nundi 18va sataabdamloo taxin pattabhishekam varaku kontakaalam paatu konasaginappudu daani muulaalanu kaligi unnatlu saampradayakamgaa bhaavistaaru. 1932loe raktapaatam laeni siamese viplavam taruvaata eee samstha 1932loe raajyaangabaddhamaina raacharikamgaa maarchabadindi. racharikam yokka adhikaarika utsava nivaasam byaankaakloni goppa rajabhavanam, ayithe vyaktigata nivaasam dusit rajabhavanamlo undhi. prastuta raaju, waziralangkorn, germanyloni grand hotel sonenbichlo nirbandhamlo nivasistunnaaru.
thailand raajula birudulalo deshadhinetha, raayal thaay saayudha dalaala adhipati, bouddhamataaniki vidheyudu mariyu mataala maddatudaaru unnaaru.
charitra.
muulam.
prastuta thaay raajatvam bhavana 800 samvatsaraala sampoorna paalana dwara abhivruddhi chendindi. ekikruta thailand yokka modati raaju 1238loe sukhotay rajyaanni sthaapinchina shree indraditya raaju. eee prarambha raajatvam yokka aalochana hinduu matam mariyu terawada bouddha vishwaasaala nundi udbhavinchina rendu bhaavanalapai aadharapadi undani chebutaaru. modati bhavana puraatana bharatiya khattia (, ledhaa yodhudu-palakudu) paie aadharapadi undhi, dheenilo raaju thana adhikaaraalanu sainika shakti nundi pondutaadu. rendavadi bouddha bhavana "dhammaraja" (cree. sha. 6va sataabdamloo thaylandlo bouddhamatam pravesapettabadindi) paie aadharapadi undhi. dhammaraja (ledhaa dharmam krinda raajatvam) yokka aalochana emitante, raaju thana prajalanu dharmam mariyu buddhuni bodhanalaku anugunamgaa paripaalinchaali.
1279loe raaju ramkhamheng simhasananni adhishtinchinappudu eee aalochanalu kluptamgaa bharti cheyabaddaayi. ramkhamheng sampradaayam nundi vaidoligi, badulugaa "pitru paalana" anae bhavananu srushtinchaadu (dheenilo raaju thana prajalanu tandrigaa paripaalistaadu, thana pillalanu paripaalistaadu. eee aalochana raaju yokka birudu mariyu paeruloe balopetam cheyabadindi, endukante athanu netikee "phoe khunn ramkhamheng" (antey 'tandri palakudu ramkhamheng' anie ardham) anie pilustaaru. idhi kontakaalam konasaagindi. rajyam mugise samayaniki, raajula shaililo maarpuku prateekagaa rendu paatha bhavanalu tirigi vachaih "phoe" nuu "faya" ledhaa prabhuvuga marcharu.
ayutthaya raajulu.
sukhotay rajyaanni ayutthaya rajyam bharti chesindi, dheenini 1351loe modati ramatibodhi raaju sthaapinchaadu. ayutthayan kaalamlo, raajatvam anae aalochana maarindi. eee praantamlooni puraatana khamer sampradaayam kaaranamgaa, hinduu raajatvam bhavana nayakudi hodaaku vartinchabadindi. raaja pattaabhishekamlo braahmanulu baadhyatalu sweekarinchaaru. raajunu hinduu devatala punarjanmagaa bhaavinchaaru. ayutthaya chaaritraka patraalu raajula adhikaarika birudulanu indra, shiva mariyu vishnu ledhaa raama anae goppa vaividhyamlo chuuputaayi. ramatibodhi" loe vale, ramudu atyanta prajaadarana pondaadu. ayithe, bouddha prabhavam kooda spashtamgaa kanipinchindi, aneka saarlu raaju yokka birudu mariyu bouddha dharmaraja yokka sankshipta namam "dhammaraja" anae "anadhikaarika" paeru kooda spashtamgaa kanipinchindi. moodava, paatha bhavana pattukovadamtho, rendu munupati bhavanalu tirigi sthaapinchabaddaayi. eee bhavananu "devaraja" (ledhaa "daivika raaju") anie pilicheevaaru, idhi khamer saamrajyam hinduu-bouddha raajyaala nundi teesukunna aalochana, mukhyamgaa hinduu braahmanula aadhaaramgaa oka panditudi vargam aalochana. raaju vishnuvu yokka avataaram (avataaram), athanu bodhisatvudu (ghnaanoodayam pondinavaadu) anae aalochanapai eee bhavana kendrikrutamai undhi, anduvalla athani mataparamaina shakti, athani naitika shakti mariyu athani rakta swachchatapai athani shakti aadharapadi untundi.
rashtra prayojanaala dwara pakshika daivika vyaktigaa chithreekarinchabadina raaju, appudu-kathinamaina saamskrutika amalu dwara-thana prajalaku aaradhana mariyu aaraadhanaku sambandhinchina vastuvugaa maaradu. appati nundi racharikam prajala nundi ekkuvagaa tolaginchabadindi mariyu sampoorna paalana vyavastha kinda konasaagindi. maeru parvatam (hinduu matamlo "devatala nivaasam") taruvaata roopondinchina rajabhavanalalo nivasistuu, raajulu tamanu taamu "chakravartulu" gaa marchukunnaru, akkada raaju thana raajyaaniki sampoorna mariyu saarvatrika prabhuvu ayyadu. viswam tama chuttoo tirugutunnatlu bhaavinchaalani raajulu demand chesaaru, vistrutamaina acharalu mariyu vedukala dwara tama adhikaaraalanu vyaktam chesaaru. naalugu sataabdaala paatu eee raajulu ayutthayanu paripaalinchaaru, thaay charitralo saamskrutika, aardhika mariyu sainika abhivruddhilo konni goppa kaalaaniki adhyakshata vahinchaaru.
sakdina mariyu rachasap.
ayutthaya raajulu tama palanaku maddatugaa aneka samsthalanu srushtinchaaru. airopa madhya yugaalalo bhuusvaamyavaadam abhivruddhi chendagaa, 15va sataabdamloo ayutthayan raaju trelokanat "sakdina" anae saamaajika sopanakrama vyavasthanu sthaapinchaadu, idhi raaju yokka pourulaku vaari hodha mariyu sthaanam prakaram, vaariki arhata unna bhoomini batti rank ichindi.
"raajunu uddesinchi prasanginchadaaniki ledhaa raajavamsam gurinchi maatlaadataaniki pratyaekamgaa upayoginche pratyeka padajaalamtho kuudina gouravapradamaina registerga "rachasap" anedi aasthaana maryaadaku avasaram.
raaja adhikaram.
raaju pradhana paripalakudu, pradhana saasanasabhyudu mariyu pradhana nyaayamuurti, siddhaantaparamgaa thana vyakti nundi udbhavinchina anni chattalu, aadesaalu, teerpu mariyu sikshalatoe. raaju saarvabhoumaadhikaaram "lard off dhi land" ("fra chavo phane dhin") mariyu "lard off life" ("chavo chivit") anae birudulalo pratibimbistumdi. raaju yokka adhikaralu mariyu birudulanu videshee pariseelakulu european konamlo raaju sampoorna chakravarthy anie rujuvugaa chuusaaru. edemaina, siamese sampradaayamlo raaju yokka vidhi mariyu baadhyata praacheena bharatiya raaja adhikaram siddhaantaala nundi abhivruddhi chendinatlu bhaavinchabadindi, ivi ghnaanoodayamaina nirankusatvaanni pooli untaayi, ayithe praadhaanyata hetubaddhatapai kaadu, dhammapai untundi. 1767loe aloungpaya raajavamsam aadhvaryamlo unna barmis sainyam ayutthaya nagarampai daadi chesi, koolchivesi, tagalabettinappudu dhammasat () yokka thaay jeernakriya kolpoinappudu dheeniki antaraayam kaligindi.
rajyam punaruddharinchabadindi.
thonburi rajyam anie piluvabade kinda deshaanni punaruddharinchinappudu oka chinna antaryuddhamtho nindina viramam mugisindi. thonburi kaalamlo gatamlo nareswan aadhvaryamlo paripalinchabade (conny athani maranam taruvaata vadiliveyabadina) 'vyaktigata raajatvam' vyavasthanu sweekarinchadam jarigindi. saadhaaranamgaa aneka mandhi ayutthayan chakravartulu sweekarinchina aadhyaatmikata musugunu vidichipetti, taxin raajatvam anae bhavananu aacharinchaadu; athanu tarachugaa praja karyakalapalu mariyu saampradaaya utsavaalalo palgonadam dwara saamaanya prajalaku tananu taanu velladinchukunnadu. athanu ayutthayaku aadhyaatmika varasudiga thana kotta rajadhani thonburini nokki cheppadaniki peddagaa aemee cheyaledu. athanu thoneburylo kandakaalu mariyu rakshanaatmaka godala nirmaanaanni kooda nokki cheppadu.
chakri raajulu.
1782loe, buddha yodafa chulalok simhasananni adhishtinchi rajadhaanini thonburi vaipu nundi chavo fraya nadhi yokka bancock vaipuku marchadu. akkada athanu thailand yokka prastuta paalaka raajavamsam ayina chakri housenu sthaapinchaadu. (eee modati paalana taruvaata thailand yokka raama raajula jaabitaalo modati raama palanaga perkonabadindi.) athanu bouddha sanyaasula kramam ayina sanghaaniki adhipatigaa atyunnata pitruswamya karyalayanni kooda sthaapinchaadu.
rattanakosin kaalamlo chakri raajulu saarvabhoumaadhikaariki, athani prajalaku madhya sambandhaanni nokki chebutuu marosari ayutthayan raajatvam yokka bhaavanalanu konasaaginchadaaniki prayatninchaaru. marovaipu, vaaru simhasana yokka yea adhikaranni vadulukoledu. raajulu buddha loyatla nabhalai (raama II) mariyu nanglav (raama III) oka atyunnata mandalini erpaatu chesi, prabhutva nirvahanalo sahaayapadataaniki pradhana adhikaarulanu niyaminchadam dwara aadhunika paripalanaku oka polikanu srushtinchaaru.
mangkut (raama IV) thana vayojana jeevitamlo modati 27 samvatsaraalu bouddha sanyasiga gadipinappudu sampradaayamlo gananeeyamaina vichchinnatanu suuchimchimdi, aaa samayamlo athanu simhasananni adhishtinche mundu aangla bhaashalo praaveenyam pondaadu. rajuga, athanu thana atyunnata mandaliki adhikaarula niyamakanni konasaginchadu, vaarilo atyanta mukhyamaina vaaru somdet chavo fraya praiyuravongse mariyu sii suriavongse, veeriddaroo king mangkut (mariyu 1868loe raaju maranam nundi 1873 varaku rajapratinidhigaa panicheesaaru) kuu mukhyamantrulugaa panicheesaaru.
chulalangkorn (raama vii) 1868loe 15 samvatsaraala vayassulo chinnatanamlo simhasananni adhishtinchaadu, mariyu 1873 november 16naa siam rajuga. yuvarajuga, athanu paaschaatya sampradayalalo governess annah leonovence chetha bodhinchabaddadu. paaschaatya margallo racharikanni samskarinchaalane uddesyamto, thana alpasankhyaaka kaalamlo paaschaatya paripalana paddhatulanu gamaninchadaaniki vistrutamgaa paryatinchaadu. athanu "ghnaanoodayam pondina palakudu" yokka paaschaatya margallo racharikanni marchadu. athanu chakravarthy mundu sashtanga namaskaram chese paddhatini raddu chesi, chakravarthy mariyu athani prajala madhya sambandhaaniki sambandhinchina aneka chattalanu raddu chesaadu, adhe samayamlo paatha raajatvam yokka aneka puraatana amsaalu mariyu aacharalanu konasaginchadu. 1874loe, athanu thana rajyaanni paripaalinchadamlo sahaayapadataaniki european sampradaayam nundi coppy cheyabadina oka prevy kounsilnu srushtinchaadu. athani paalanalo siam daani paatha upanadulaina lavos mariyu uttara malayapai niyantrananu paaschaatya saktulaku vadulukovalani ottidi cheyabadindi, siam kooda valasarajyaluga maradanni thrutilo nivaarinchindi. 1905loe, pattabhishekam jarigina 37 samvatsaraala taruvaata, chulalangkarn baanisatvaanni banisatva nirmuulana chattamtho muginchaadu. 1867loe siamese janabhalo moodinta oka vanthu baanisalu unnaaru.
ayana kumarudu vaziraodh (raama vi) 1910loe simhasananni adhishtinchi, 20va sataabdamloki racharikanni teesukuraavadaaniki samskaranala patla thana tandri utsahanni konasaginchadu. nemmadigaa jarigina samskaranala phalitamgaa 1912 naati rajabhavana tirugubaatu jarigindi. 1907loe thana tandri modatisaarigaa prakatinchina sainika chattanni amalu cheyadaaniki erpaatu chesina chattam aadhunika yuddha chattalaku anugunamgaa ledani, rashtra bhadratanu parirakshinchadaaniki soukaryavantamgaa ledani, anduvalla dheenini marinta aadhunika roopaaniki savarinchaaru, chinna savaranalatho, prabhutvamlo tadupari maarpula dwara amalulo konasaagindi.
prajadipok (raama VII) 1925loe thana sodarudi taruvaata vacchaadu. eetan mariyu sandhurst vidyaavantudaina chakravarthy mantrivargam maadirigaane oka mandalini srushtinchaaru, ikkada atyanta mukhyamaina prabhutva adhikarulu rashtra vyavaharalanu nirnayinchadaaniki samavesamavutaru. siam rashtra atyunnata mandali (taayyh <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′
raajyaangabaddhamaina racharikam.
juun 1932loe, "promoterlu" anie piluvabade videshee vidyaavantulaina vidyaarthulu mariyu sainikula brundam raktarahita viplavanni nirvahinchi, adhikaranni swaadheenam chesukuni, siam prajalaku oka raajyaamgaanni manjuru cheyaalani raaju prajaadipoknu demand chesindi. raaju angeekarinchi, 1932 decemberulo prajalaku rajyangam manjuru cheyabadindi, 150 samvatsaraala sampoorna chakri palanaku mugimpu palikindi. appati nundi chakravarthy paatranu sanketha rashtra adhipati paatraku tagginchaaru. appati nundi ayana adhikaaraalanu pradhaanamantri mariyu jaateeya assembly upayoginchaayi.
1935loe pradhanapok (raama VII) prabhutvamtho vibhedaala taruvaata simhasananni vadulukunnaru. 1941loe thana maranam varaku athanu united kingdamlo pravaasamlo nivasinchaadu. raaju sthaanamlo athani chinna menalludu ananda mahidol (raama VIII) niyaminchabaddaadu. kotta raaju vayassu 10 samvatsaraalu mariyu switzerlandlo videshaalalo nivasistunnadu. ayana sthaanamlo raajapratinidhula mandalini niyaminchaaru. eee kaalamlo raaju paatralu mariyu adhikaaraalanu puurtigaa plake fibunsongkhram yokka faasist prabhutvam swaadheenam chesukundi, vaaru rajyam paerunu siam nundi thayilandga marcharu mariyu rendava prapancha yuddham yokka pasiphik rangasthalamlo aksha saktula vaipu samalekhanam chesaaru. yuddham mugise samayaniki fibunsongkhram tolaginchabadi yuva raaju tirigi vacchaadu. swechhaa thaay udyamam yuddha samayamlo videshee aakramanaku pratighatananu andinchindi mariyu yuddham taruvaata thaayilaandnu punaravasam cheyadamlo sahaayapadindi.
1946loe raama VIII aakasmikamgaa bullet gaayamtho maraninchina taruvaata, 19 yella yuvaraju bhumibol atulyadej (raama Ix) kotta chakravarthy ayyadu. thana palananu sthaapinchadamlo, aagneya asealo communistu laabhaalaku vyatiraekamgaa racharikanni oka rakshanagaa upayoginchina yuu. ess. prabhutvam chesina prayatnaala dwara rajuku sahayam labhinchindi.
october 2016loe maraninchina samayamlo bhumibol raaju prapanchamlone ekkuva kaalam paalinchina chakravarthy. athanu 13 october 2016naa 88 samvatsaraala vayasulo maraninchaadu.
21va sataabdamloo racharikam.
2000 nundi, thaay racharikam yokka paatranu panditulu, vidyaarthulu, media, pariseelakulu mariyu sampradaayavaadulu ekkuvagaa savaalu chestunnaru, mariyu prajaasvaamya anukuula aasaktulu vaari prasamgaanni vyaktam cheyadam praarambhinchaayi. thaylandlo less majesteku sambandhinchina chattalu mariyu charyala shreni bhaava prakatana swechchaku addamkulu anie chaalaa mandhi bhaavinchaaru. eee chattaala aadhaaramgaa dozenla koddi arrestlu, vandalaadi naera parisoedhanalu mariyu bahula khaidulu jarigaayi. 2005 jaateeya puttinaroju prasaaramlo raaju bhumibol atulyadej chesina prasangam ayana vimarsalanu swaagathinchaarani ardham chesukovacchu.
less-majeste chattam thailand yokka criminal kodlo bhaagam mariyu dheenini "prapanchamlone atyanta kathinamaina less majeste chattam" mariyu "bahusha ekkadainaa atyanta kathinamaina naera-paruvu nashtam chattam" gaa varninchaaru. raajakeeya shaastravetta gails ungpakarn "less-majestay" chattalu nijamgaa raacharika samsthanu rakshinchadaaniki roopondinchabadaledu anie paerkonnaaru. gatamlo, prabhutvaalanu rakshinchadaaniki mariyu sainika tirugubaatlanu chattabaddhamaina vimarsala nundi rakshinchadaaniki eee chattalu upayoginchabaddaayi. eee mottam [raaja] chitram rajabhavanam godalaku minchi sampradaayavaada unnatavargaanni balopetam cheyadaaniki srushtinchabadindi."2013loe" "less-majeste" "kosam padakondu samvatsaraala jailu siksha vidhinchabadina thaay kaaryakarta mariyu patrika sampadakudu somyot pruexacasemsuk, amnesty international chetha manassakshi khaidiigaa niyaminchabaddaadu".
mantrivarga adhipati pradhana mantritho sampradinchi thailand rajuku private karyadarshi mariyu thailand prevy council rajuku athani pani mariyu vidhullo sahayam chestaayi. rajyangam prakaram raaju ikapai raajyamlooni anni chattalaku srushtikarta kaadu; aaa pratyeka adhikaram thailand jaateeya assembleaki appaginchabadindi. ayithe, saasanasabha aamodinchina anni billulaku chattamgaa maaradaaniki ayana raaja sammati avasaram. racharikam yokka gruha mariyu aardhika vyavaharalanu varusaga raaja gruham yokka beuro mariyu crown property beuro nirvahistaayi, eee agencylu thaay prabhutvamlo bhaagamgaa pariganinchabadavu mariyu sibbandindarini raaju niyamistaadu.
2014loe adhikaaramloki vacchina junta raacharika vimarsakulanu jailuku pampadamlo dookudugaa vyavaharinchindi. 2015loe, idhi "racharikanni aaraadhinchandi, rakshinchandi mariyu samarthinchandi" anae prachara prachaaraaniki videshee vyavahaaraala mantritva saakha budget kante 540 million dollarlu kharchu chesindi."eee prachaaramlo television vaanijya prakatanalu, paatasaalalu mariyu jaillalo seminarlu, gaanam pootiilu mariyu raajunu prasamsistuu kathalu mariyu chalanachitraalu vraayadaaniki pootiilu unnaayi. "idhi pracharam kaadu" anie junta nayakudu prayut chaan-oo-chaa annaru. "raaju emi chesado yuvataku avagahana kalpinchaali."
2016 aardhika samvatsaram (eff. vai) budjetlo, paalaka sainika prabhutvam "racharikanni samarthinchadam, rakshinchadam mariyu parirakshinchadam" kosam thana kharchunu 18 billion baht (514 million dollarlu) kuu penchindi, idhi 2014 nundi eee budget line amsaaniki 28 saatam perugudala. 2020 aardhika samvatsaramlo raacharikaaniki maddatugaa ketaayinchina budget mottam budjetlo 29.728 billion baht ledhaa 0.93% kuu samanam.
raaja rajarikam.
1767loe barmis chetha ayutthayanu dochukunnappudu munupati sett kolpoyina taruvaata, thailand yokka prastuta raaja raaja raajapratinidhi (khruyang raajaa kakudhbhand, mariyu raaja paatralu ekkuvagaa raaju raama I mariyu raama IV paalanalo srushtinchabaddaayi. prati paalana praarambhamlo raaju pattaabhisheka vedukalo pradhanamgaa raajapratinidhini upayogistaaru. eee raajapratinidhi prastutam baankaakloni grand pales museumlo pradarsinchabadutondi.
thaay raaja paatralu (fra khattia rajuprapoke; devatala bhasha) kooda chakravarthy vyaktigata upayogam kosam untaayi, veetilo
eee pratyaekamaina vastuvulu ellappuduu raajula vedukala samayamlo raaju simhaasanaaniki ledhaa athani peethaaniki iruvaipula unchabadataayi.
raaja vedukalu.
raaju mariyu athani kutumbamloni itara sabhyulu samvatsaraaniki aneka raaja vedukalanu nirvahistaaru, konni 13va sataabdaaniki chendinavi.
raaja aadesaalu mariyu alankaranalu.
raaju aneka raaja aadesaalu mariyu alankaranalaku saarvabhoumaadhikaaram kaligi untaadu, eee aadesaala nundi evarinainaa niyaminchi, tolaginche adhikaram raaju abheeshtaanusaaram untundi. ayithe, konnisaarlu thailand mantrivargam mariyu pradhana mantri sifaarsulu chestaaru. pannendu raaja aadesaalu unnaayi, veetilo konni pratyeka taragatulanu kaligi unnaayi.