
optical disk drive

computinglo, optical disk drive anedi optical disclaku ledhaa vaati nundi daetaanu chadive ledhaa vraase prakriyaloo bhaagamgaa kanipinche kaanti varnapatam lopala ledhaa sameepamlo lazer kaanti ledhaa vidyudayaskaanta taramgaalanu upayoginche disk drive. konni drivelu konni discla nundi matrame chadavagalavu, conny iteevali drivelu chadavagalavu mariyu record cheyagalavu, veetini burnerlu ledhaa raitars anie kooda pilustaaru (endukante avi bhouthikamgaa rait-vann-sidi-aarr, dvd-aarr mariyu bidi-aarr elth disclapy sendriya rangunu burn chestaayi). compact disclu, dvd luu mariyu blue-rae disclu anevi optical media yokka saadhaarana rakalu, veetini atuvanti drivela dwara chadavavacchu mariyu record cheyavachu.
laptop tayaareedaarulaku ikapai vaari utpattulato optical drivelu undakapoyinappatiki, bahya drivelu ippatikee vidigaa konugolu cheyadaaniki andubaatulo unnaayi.
drive rakalu.
marketlo chaalaa varaku optical disk drivelu dvd-raam drivelu mariyu bidi-raam drivelu, ivi sidi, sidi-aarr mariyu sidi-raam disculatho venukabadina anukuulatanu kaligi undadamtho paatu aaa formatla nundi chadavabadatayi mariyu record cheyabadataayi; compact disk drivelu ikapai audeo parikaraala velupala tayaaru cheyabadavu. chadavadaaniki matrame unde dvd mariyu blue-rae drivelu kooda tayaaru cheyabadataayi, conny viniyogadaarula marketlo takkuvagaa kanipistaayi mariyu pradhanamgaa game console mariyu disk media playerlu vanti media parikaraalaku parimitam cheyabadataayi. gatha padeellugaa, laptop computerlu ikapai kharchulanu tagginchadaaniki mariyu parikaraalanu teelikagaa cheyadaaniki optical disk drivelatho ravu, viniyogadaarulu bahya optical drivelanu konugolu cheyalsi untundi.
parikaraalu mariyu kaaryaacharana.
optical disk drivelu sidi playerlu, dvd playerlu, blue-rae disk playerlu, dvd recorderlu, soonee playstation 4, microsoft exbox vann, nintendo vai yuu, soonee playstation 5 mariyu exbox syries ex vanti konni desktop veediyo game console mariyu soonee playstation 3 mariyu exbox 360 vanti paatha consollalo mariyu soonee playstation portable (yajamanya ippudu nilipiveyabadina umd) vanti konni portable veediyo game consollalo antarbhaagamgaa unnaayi. disclo pampinhee cheyabadina software mariyu medianu chadavadaaniki mariyu archival mariyu dayta marpidi prayojanaala kosam disclanu record cheyadaaniki kooda avi computerlalo chaalaa saadhaaranamgaa upayoginchabadataayi. 1.4 emby saamarthyam kaligina floppy disk drivelu vaadukalo levuh optical media choukainavi mariyu floppy discla rojula nundi upayoginche pedda faillanu nirvahinchadaaniki chaalaa ekkuva saamarthyaanni kaligi unnaayi, mariyu chaalaa computerlu mariyu chaalaa viniyogadaarula vinoda hardwarelalo optical raitars unnaayi. chadavadam/vrayadam saamarthyam avasaramayye chota usb flash drivelu, adhika saamarthyam, chinnavi mariyu chavakainavi, anukuulamgaa untaayi.
disk recording anedi viniyogadaaru upakaranaalapai (chalanachitraalu, sangeetam modalainavi) play cheyagala faillanu nilva cheyadaaniki parimitam cheyabadindi.), saapekshamgaa takkuva parimaanamlo dayta (udhaa.zii. oka praamaanika DVD 4.7 gigabytelanu kaligi untundi, ayithe, sthaanika upayogam kosam bahula-pora blue-rae disclu vanti adhika-saamarthyam gala formatlu unnaayi, mariyu pampinhee kosam dayta, conny chinna sthaayilo matrame; pedda sankhyalo oke vidhamaina disclanu nokkadam (replication) dwara saamuhikamgaa utpatti cheyadam anedi vyaktigata recording (nakilee) kante choukainadi mariyu vegavantamainadi.
8 centimeters vyaasam gala disclaku maddatu ivvadaaniki, yaantrika tray loading (desktop computer drivelu) thoo kuudina drivelu trayloo indentationnu kaligi untaayi. ayithe dheenini kshitija samaantara operationlo matrame upayoginchavacchu. 
game console mariyu kaaru radiolalo tarachugaa upayoginche slat loading drivelu, 8 centimeters disclanu angeekarinchagalavu mariyu disknu svayamchaalakamgaa center cheyagalavu.
optical disclu saapekshamgaa takkuva parimaanamlo daetaanu backup cheyadaaniki upayoginchabadataayi, conny saadhaaranamgaa aneka vandala gigabitelu ledhaa bahula terrabytelanu kaligi unna mottam haard drivela backup takkuva aacharanaatmakamainadi. badulugaa pedda byakaplu tarachugaa bahya haard drivelalo tayaaru cheyabadataayi, endukante vaati dhara eee aacharaneeya sthaayiki padipoyindi; vruttiparamaina vaataavaranaalaloo ayaskanta tape drivelu kooda upayoginchabadataayi.
konni optical drivelu lopaala kosam discla uparitalaanni anchanaa vaeyadaaniki mariyu paelavamaina recording naanhyatanu gurtinchadaaniki kooda anumatistaayi.
optical disk authering softwarelo oka empikatho, optical disk rachayitalu sidi-aarr, sidi-ardablue, dvd-aarr mariyu dvd-ardablue vraase prakriyanu anukarinchagalugutaaru, idhi vraata vegam mariyu namuunaalanu (udhaa.zii. sthiramaina koneeya vegam, sthiramaina sarala vegam mariyu p-cav mariyu z-clv vaividhyaalu) vividha vraata vaega amarikalatho mariyu diskku etuvanti daetaanu vrayakunda, overburning upayoginchi saadhinchagala vyaktigata disk yokka atyadhika saamarthyaanni pareekshistaayi.
konni optical drivelu chaalaa usb multimedia upakaranaalatoe anukuulata kosam iso9660/joliet mariyu udf file systems ledhaa audeo tracklanu (kokwo _ 1 filesga anukarinchabadina) kaligi unna optical discla nundi fyaat32 flash drivenu anukarinchadaaniki anumatistaayi.
mukhya bhagalu.
roopa karakalu.
computerlaku optical drivelu rendu pradhana roopa karakalalo vastaih "sagam etthu" ("desktop drive" anie kooda pilustaaru) mariyu "sannani rakam" (laptop computerlu mariyu compact desktop computerlalo upayogistaaru). avi antargata mariyu bahya rupaluga unnaayi.
"sagam etthu" optical drivelu sumaru 4 centimeters podavu untaayi, ayithe "slim rakam" optical drivelu sumaru 1 centimeters podavu untaayi.
"sagam-etthu" optical drivelu "sannani rakam" optical drivelu kante rendu retlu vegamtho panicheestaayi, endukante sannani rakam optical drivelaloni vegam optical pickup system paniteeru kante drive motaru yokka bhramana vegam (sumaru 5000 arpm) yokka bhouthika parimitulaku parimitam cheyabadutundi.
sagam etthu" kii chaalaa ekkuva vidyut shakti mariyu 12 vii disi voltage avasaram, ayithe "sannani" optical drivelu 5 voltlapai nadustaayi, bahya "sagam etthu" optical drivelaku pratyeka bahya shakti input avasaram, ayithe bahya "sannani rakam" saadhaaranamgaa computer yokka usb port dwara pampinhee cheyabadina saktipai puurtigaa panicheyagalavu. (konni sannani drivelalo, rendu usb connectorlu avasaram, prati okkati vidyutnu sarafara chestaayi, conny oka dayta matrame.) sagam etthu drivelu kooda slim drivela kante vaegamgaa untaayi, endukante adhika vegamtho disknu tippadaaniki ekkuva shakti avasaram.
"sagam etthu" optical drivelu rendu vaipula nundi disclanu pattukuntaayi, ayithe "slim type" optical drivelu disknu diguva nundi vegavantam chestaayi.
sagam etthu drivelu disk tray kinda okati mariyu paina okati ayaskaantaanni kaligi unna 2 kudurulanu upayoginchi disknu bigistaayi. vrellanu jarakunda unchadaaniki, disk meeda gharshananu kaliginchadaaniki, avi mandalu ledhaa aakruti silicon padaarthamthoo kappabadi undavacchu. eguva kuduru koddigaa vadulugaa vadiliveyabadutundi mariyu avi kaligi unna ayaskaantaala kaaranamgaa diguva kuduru vaipu aakarshinchabadutundi. tray terichinappudu, tray kadalika dwara nadiche oka yantraangam diguva spindilnu eguva spindle nundi dhooramgaa laagutundi mariyu tray moosivesinappudu dheeniki viruddhamgaa untundi. tray moosivesinappudu, diguva spindle disk lopali chuttukolatanu taakutundi, mariyu tray nundi eguva spindleku disknu koddigaa penchutundi, idhi diguva diskpy ayaskaantaaniki aakarshinchabadutundi, disknu bigistundi. diguva kuduru matrame motaru cheyabadindi. sagam etthu drivelaloni traylu tarachugaa puurtigaa terichi, muusivaeyadaaniki, computer dwara niyantrinchagala ledhaa drive looni batannu upayoginchi niyantrinchagala motaru yantraamgaanni upayoginchi muusivaeyabadataayi. sagam etthu mariyu sannani drivelaloni traylanu yea programme upayogistunnappatiki lock cheyavachu, ayithe kaagitam clip yokka chivarana drive mundu bhaagamlo atyavasara aject randhramlo choppinchadam dwara dheenini bayataku theeyavachhu. soonee sidipi-101 vanti prarambha sidi playerlu disknu motaru cheyabadina spindleku biginchadaaniki pratyeka motaru cheyabadina yantraamgaanni upayoginchaaru.
slim drivelu pratyeka spindilnu upayogistaayi, pratyeka aakaaramlo spring load cheyabadina studlu disk lopali anchuku vyatiraekamgaa nokkadam dwara bayatiki prasaristaayi. disknu tolaginchadaaniki, disknu koddigaa vanginchi, tolaginchina tarvaata daani saadhaarana akaaraaniki tirigi vachela, viniyogadaaru disk lopali chuttukolatapai ekareeti ottidi unchaali, daanini kuduruku biginchi, velupali chuttukolata nundi lagali. spindle yokka bayati anchu disk jarakunda undataaniki gharshananu kaliginchadaaniki aakruti silicon uparitalaanni kaligi undavacchu. sannani drivelalo chaalaa varaku anni bhagalu disk trayloo undavu, idhi computer dwara niyantrinchagala spring mechanismnu upayoginchi bayataku vastundi. eee traylu tamantata taamugaa moosiveyalevu; tray aagipoye varaku vaatini nettaali. 
lazer mariyu optics.
optical pickup system.
optical disk drive yokka atyanta mukhyamaina bhaagam "optical maargam", idhi "pickup head" ("puh") lopala untundi. puh nuu lazer pickup, optical pickup, pickup, pickup assembly, lazer assembly, lazer optical assembly, optical pickup head/unit ledhaa optical assembly anie kooda pilustaaru. idhi saadhaaranamgaa semiconductor lazer diode, lazer punjam kendreekarinchadaaniki oka lens mariyu disk uparitalam nundi pratibimbimchae kaantini gurtinchadaaniki photodayodlanu kaligi untundi.
praarambhamlo, 780 nm tarangadairghyam (paraaruna lopala) kaligina sidi-rakam laejarlu upayoginchabaddaayi. dvd la kosam, tarangadairghyam 650 nm (erupu rangu) kuu tagginchabadindi, mariyu blue-rae disk kosam idhi 405 nm (violet rangu) kii marinta tagginchabadindi.
rendu pradhana sarvo mechanisms upayoginchabadataayi, modatidi lens mariyu disk madhya saraina dooraanni nirvahinchadaaniki, lazer punjam diskpy oka chinna "lazer spot" gaa kendrikrutamai undela chusukovadaniki. rendava sarvo disk yokka vyaasaartham venta pickup headnu kadilistundi, punjamnu "track" loe unchutundi, idhi nirantara spiral dayta maargam. optical disk media anedi lopali vyaasaartham nundi bayati anchu varaku 'reed' gaa untundi.
lazer lens sameepamlo, optical drivelalo saadhaaranamgaa okati nundi moodu chinna potentiometers (saadhaaranamgaa sidi, dvd kosam ververugaa untaayi mariyu drive maddatu isthe blue-rae discla kosam saadhaaranamgaa moodavadi) amarchabadi untaayi, veetini chakkati scrudrivernu upayoginchi tippavacchu. potentiometer lazer lensto syries circuitlo untundi mariyu marammatu prayojanaala kosam lazer saktini manaveeyamgaa penchadaaniki mariyu tagginchadaaniki upayoginchavacchu.
dvd raitarlalo upayoginche lazer diode 100 milliwatla varaku saktini kaligi untundi, atuvanti adhika saktulu vraase samayamlo upayoginchabadataayi. kontamandi sidi playerlu sidi-ardableu discla viswasaneeya playbacknu nirdhaarinchadaaniki lazer yokka saktini maarchadaaniki automatic geyin controll (agc) kaligi untaaru.
optical pickup vyavasthalu, firmwarelu mariyu nashtam namoonaalalo vyatyaasaala kaaranamgaa optical drivela madhya chadavagalige saamarthyam (bhouthikamgaa debbatinna ledhaa muriki disclanu chadavagalige saamarthyam) maaravacchu.
chadavadaaniki matrame media.
factory-nokkina "reed onlee media" (rome) loe, tayari prakriyaloo thermoplastic resinnu nickel stamperloki nokkadam dwara tracklu erpadataayi, idhi oka gaaju 'master' nuu oka chadunaina uparitalampai 'gaddalu' thoo puuyadam dwara tayaaru cheyabadindi, tadwara plaastik disclo "guntalu" mariyu "lands" srushtinchabadataayi. lazer yokka tarangadairghyamlo sumaru naaluginta oka vanthu nundi aarava vanthu varaku guntala lothu unnanduna, pratibimbimchae punjam yokka dasha incoming punjanku sambandhinchi maarchabadutundi, idhi paraspara vidhvamsaka jokyaniki kaaranamavutundi mariyu pratibimbimchae punjam yokka teevratanu taggistundi. sambandhita vidyut sankethaalanu srushtinche photodayodla dwara idhi gurtinchabadutundi.
recordable media.
optical disk recorder lejartho sendriya rangu pora yokka bhaagaalanu enchukoni vaedi cheyadam (burning) dwara recordable sidi-aarr, dvd-aarr, dvd + aarr ledhaa bidi-aarr disk ("blanck" anie pilustaaru) paie daetaanu encode chestundi (dye pora saasvatamgaa kaalipotundi kabatti burning anie kooda pilustaaru).
idhi rangu yokka pratibimbananu maarustundi, tadwara guntala laaga chadavagalige gurtulanu srushtistundi mariyu nokkina disclapy digutadu. recordable discla kosam, prakriya saasvatamgaa untundi mariyu medianu okkasari matrame vraayavacchu. reeding lazer saadhaaranamgaa 5 megawatla kante balamgaa undakapoyina, raiting lazer gananeeyamgaa marinta saktivantamainadi. dvd laejarlu sumaru 2.5 voltla voltagela vadda panicheestaayi.
vraase vegam entha ekkuvagaa unte, lazer mediapai oka binduvunu vaedi cheyadaaniki takkuva samayam padutundi, anduvalla daani shakti anulomaanupaatamlo peragali. diode viphalamayye mundu konni 400 megawatla varaku nadapabadinappatiki, dvd burnerla laejarlu tarachugaa 200 megawatla garishta sthaayiki cherukuntaayi, avi nirantara taramgaalu mariyu pulls laloe untaayi.
tirigi vrayagala media.
tirigi vraayadagina sidi-ardableu, dvd-ardableu, dvd + ardableu, dvd-raam ledhaa bidi-aarr media kosam, disk yokka recording poralo spatikaakaara loha misramaanni kariginchadaaniki lazer upayoginchabadutundi. vartinche saktini batti, padaarthaanni tirigi kariginchadaaniki (dasanu tirigi maarchadaaniki) spatikaakaara roopamlo ledhaa nirakara roopamlo vadiliveyavacchu, idhi vividha pratibimbam yokka gurtulanu srushtinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi.
dwaipaakshika media.
"rendu vaipula" medianu upayoginchavacchu, conny avi praamaanika drivetho sulabhamgaa access cheyabadavu, endukante maroka vaipuna unna daetaanu access cheyadaaniki vaatini bhouthikamgaa tippali.
dwandwa pora media.
"double layer" ledhaa "dual layer" (dl) media rendu swatantra dayta poralanu kaligi untundi, ivi pakshika-pratibimba poratho vaeru cheyabadataayi. rendu poralu oke vaipu nundi andubaatulo untaayi, conny lazer yokka drushtini maarchadaaniki optics avasaram. recording head yokka vegaanni nadipinchadaaniki mariyu samakaaleekarinchadaaniki, saampradaaya "single layer" (sl) vraayadagina media rakshita paalii carbonate poralo (dayta recording poralo kaadu) achupettabadina oka sarpilamaina gaaditho utpatti cheyabadutundi. rendu porala vraateeya madhyamam kaligi untundih (nissara) gaadi gala modati polycarbonate pora, modati dayta pora, pakshika-pratibimba pora, maroka (lothaina) gaadi gala rendava (spacer) polycarbonate pora mariyu rendava dayta pora. modati gaadi suruli saadhaaranamgaa lopali anchuna praarambhamai bayati vaipu vistarinchi untundi, rendava gaadi bayati anchu nundi praarambhamai lopaliki vistarinchi untundi.
photothermal printing.
konni drivelu hevelet-packered yokka lights scrib ledhaa pratyaekamgaa puuthathoo kuudina disclanu label cheyadaaniki pratyaamnaaya label flash photothermal printing technologyki maddatu istayi.
bahula beam drivelu.
zen technology mariyu soonee oke lazer punjam thoo saadhyamayye daanikante ekkuva vegamtho disclanu chadavadaaniki mariyu vraayadaaniki ekakaalamlo aneka lazer kiranaalanu upayoginche drivelanu abhivruddhi chesaayi. oke lazer punjam yokka parimiti adhika bhramana vegamtho sambhavinche disk yokka chalanam nundi vastundi; 25,000 arpm vadda sidi luu chadavalenivigaa maarataayi, ayithe blue-raelanu 5,000 arpmlaku minchi vraayalaemu. oke lazer punjam thoo, disk yokka pitt podavunu tagginchakundaa chadavadam mariyu vrayadam vegaanni penchadaaniki ekaika maargam (idhi ekkuva pits mariyu prati viplavaniki dayta bitsnu anumatistundi, conny takkuva tarangadairghyam kaanti avasaram kaavacchu) disk yokka bhramana vegaanni penchadam, idhi takkuva samayamlo ekkuva pitsnu chaduvutundi, dayta retunu penchutundi; anduvalla vaegamgaa drives disknu adhika vegamtho tipputaayi. adanamgaa, 27,500 arpmla vadda sidi (52x vadda sidi lopali bhaganni chadavadam vantivi) paelavacchu, idhi disk parisaraalaku vistrutamaina nashtanni kaligistundi mariyu paelavamaina naanhyata ledhaa debbatinna disclu takkuva vegamtho paelavacchu.
zen vyavasthalo (saanyotho kalisi abhivruddhi cheyabadi, kenwood dwara licenses pondinadi), lazer punjamnu 7 kiranaalugaa vibhajinchadaaniki vivartana grating upayoginchabadutundi, avi discloki kendrikrutamai untaayi; disk yokka gaadini kendreekarinchadaaniki mariyu track cheyadaaniki oka kendra punjam upayoginchabadutundi, migilina 6 kiranaalanu (iruvaipula 3) vadili, disk yokka gaadi yokka 6 ververu bhaagaalanu samaantaramgaa chadavadaaniki samanamga untaayi, takkuva arpm vadda reed vegaanni samarthavantamgaa penchutundi, drive sabdaanni taggistundi mariyu 
disk meeda ottidi. kiranaalu appudu disk nundi tirigi pratibimbistaayi, mariyu chadavadaaniki oka pratyeka photodiode shrenilo kuurpupetti, anchanaa vaeyabadataayi. saanketika parignaanaanni upayoginche modati drivelu 40x vadda chadavagalavu, taruvaata 52x mariyu chivaraku 72x kii perugutaayi. idhi oke optical pikapnu upayogistundi.
soonee yokka vyavasthalo (blue-rae aadhaaramgaa archival disk aadhaaramgaa vaari yajamanya optical disk archive vyavasthalo upayoginchabadutundi) drivelo 4 optical pikaplu untaayi, disk yokka prati vaipuna rendu, prati pickuplo mottam 8 lensulu mariyu lazer kiranaalaku rendu lensulu untaayi. idhi disk yokka rendu vaipula oke samayamlo chadavadaaniki mariyu vraayadaaniki mariyu disk yokka kantentlanu vraasetappudu dhruveekarinchadaaniki anumatistundi.
bhramana yantraangam.
optical driveloni bhramana yantraangam haard disk drivela nundi gananeeyamgaa bhinnamgaa untundi, indulo rendodi sthiramaina koneeya vegaanni (kuharam) unchutundi, maroe maatalo cheppalante nimishaaniki sthiramaina sankhyalo viplavaalu (arpm). kuharamtho, lopali bhaagamtho poliste bayati disk vadda saadhaaranamgaa adhika nirgamaamsaanni saadhinchavachchu.
marovaipu, optical drivelu sthiramaina nirgamaamsaanni saadhinche oohatho abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi, sidi drivelalo praarambhamlo 150 kib/seey kuu samanamga untaayi. ellappuduu sthiramaina bitt raetu avasaramayye audeo daetaanu prasaram cheyadaaniki idhi mukhyamaina lakshanam. conny disk saamarthyam vrudhaa kakunda chusukovadaniki, oka thala disk yokka bayati anchu meeda mandaginchakundaa, anni samayaallo garishta sarala retutho daetaanu badilee cheyalsi untundi. idhi optical drivelaku daariteesindi-iteevali kaalam varaku-sthiramaina sarala vegam (sii. ell. vii) thoo panichestundi. disk yokka sarpila "gaadi" daani thala kinda sthiramaina vegamtho gadichindi. cv yokka chikkulu emitante, kuharaniki viruddhamgaa, disk koneeya vegam ikapai sthiramgaa undadu, mariyu spindle motaru daani vegaanni bayati anchu meeda 200 rPM mariyu lopali bhaagamlo 500 rPM madhya marchela roopondinchaalsina avasaram undhi, dayta retunu sthiramgaa unchutundi.
taruvaata sidi drivelu clv namuunaanu unchaayi, conny adhika bhramana vegaanni saadhinchadaaniki abhivruddhi chendaayi, idhi bays vegam yokka gunakaalalo pramukhamgaa vivarinchabadindi. phalitamgaa, udaaharanaku, 4x clivy drive, 800-2000 rPM vadda tirugutundi, adhe samayamlo daetaanu 600 kib/seey vadda sthiramgaa badilee chestundi, idhi 4x150 kib/seki samanam.
dvd la kosam, bays ledhaa 1x vegam 1.385 mb/s, idhi 1.32 mib/s kii samanam, idhi sidi bays vegam kante sumaru tommidi retlu vaegamgaa untundi. blue-rae drivela kosam, bays vegam 6.74 mb/s, idhi 6.43 mib/s kuu samanam.
chaalaa samakaaleena sidi upayogaalalo mottam disk kosam sthiramaina badilee retunu unchadam antha mukhyamainadi kaadu kabatti, dayta retunu penchutuu disk yokka bhramana vegaanni surakshitamgaa takkuvagaa unchadaaniki swachchamaina clv vidhananni vidichipettavalasi vachindi. konni drivelu pakshika clive (pii. sii. ell. vii) pathakamlo panicheestaayi, bhramana parimitini cherukunnappudu matrame clive nundi kuharaniki maaradam dwara. conny kuharaniki maaradaaniki hardware roopakalpanalo gananeeyamaina maarpulu avasaram, kabatti badulugaa chaalaa drivelu johned constant leanier valacity (Z-Clv) skeemnu upayogistaayi. idhi disknu aneka mandalaluga vibhajistundi, prati okkati daani swantha sthiramaina sarala vegaanni kaligi untundi. udaaharanaku, "52x" rating pondina oka Z-clivo recorder, lopali jonelo 20x vadda vraasi, aapai aneka vivikta dasalalo vegaanni bayati anchu vadda 52x varaku kramamga penchutundi. adhika bhramana vegam lekunda, "multy-beam" anie kooda piluvabade dayta grove yokka okati kante ekkuva paayintlanu ekakaalamlo chadavadam dwara perigina reed paniteerunu saadhinchavachchu, conny atuvanti yantraamgaalato drivelu marinta khareedainavi, takkuva anukuulamainavi mariyu chaalaa asaadhaaranamainavi.
parimiti.
dvd mariyu sidi rendoo debbatinnappudu ledhaa adhika vegamtho tiriginappudu paelutaayi. idhi drivelu panicheyagala garishta surakshita vegampai (sii. dii. laku 56x cave ledhaa dii. vii. dii vishayamlo 18x cave) parimitini vidhistundi.
sirka 2007 nundi vidudalaina chaalaa sagam-etthu optical disk drivela patanam vegam sidi laku × 48, dividilaku × 16 mariyu blue-rae disclaku × 12 (koneeya vaegaalu) kuu parimitam cheyabadindi. enchukunna vraata-okasari maadhyamamlo vraata vegam ekkuvagaa untundi.
konni optical drivelu adanamgaa garishta vanti optical discla vishayaala aadhaaramgaa pathana vegaanni taggistaayi. audeo sidi trackla digital audeo velikiteeta ("day") kosam 40x cave (sthiramaina koneeya vegam), veediyo sidi contentla kosam 16x cave mariyu veediyo sidi kosam 4x clive (sthiramaina sarala vegam) vanti munupati namuunaalapai takkuva parimitulu.
load chese yantraamgaalu.
tray mariyu slat loading.
prastuta optical drivelu "tray-loading" yantraamgaanni upayogistaayi, ikkada disknu motaru cheyabadina tray (sagam etthu, "desktop" drivelu upayoginchinatlugaa), chethitho panichese tray (laptop computerlalo upayoginchinatlugaa, "slim type" anie kooda pilustaaru), ledhaa "slat-loading" yantraangam, ikkada disknu slat loki jaarchi, motaru cheyabadina rollerla dwara geestaaru. slat-loading optical drivelu sagam-etthu (desktop) mariyu sannani rakam (laptop) roopa karakalu rendintiloonuu unnaayi.
rendu rakaala yantraamgaalato, computer aapivesina tarvaata drivelo sidi ledhaa dvd migili unte, drive yokka saadhaarana aject mechanismnu upayoginchi disknu bayataku teeyalemu. ayithe, tray-loading drivelu disknu tirigi pondadaaniki drive trainu manaveeyamgaa teravadaaniki oka paper clipnu choppinchagala chinna randhraanni andinchadam dwara eee paristhitiki kaaranamavutaayi.
slat-loading optical disk drivelu game console mariyu vaahana audeo unitlalo pramukhamgaa upayoginchabadataayi. marinta soukaryavantamaina choppimpunu anumatinchinappatikii, avi saadhaaranamgaa chinna 80 mimi vyaasam gala disclanu (80 mimi optical disk adaptor upayoginchakapothe) ledhaa praamaanikam kaani parimaanaalanu angeekarinchaleni pratikuulatalu kaligi untaayi, saadhaaranamgaa atyavasara aject hole ledhaa aject button undadu, anduvalla optical disknu saadhaaranamgaa aject cheyalekapothe vidadeeyaali. ayithe, konni slat-loading optical drivelu suukshma disclaku maddatu ivvadaaniki roopondinchabaddaayi. nintendo vai, gamecube gemlatho venukabadina anukuulata kaaranamgaa, mariyu playstation 3 veediyo game console oke slat-loading drivelo praamaanika parimaanam dvd mariyu 80 mimi disclanu load cheyagalavu. ayithe daani vaarasudi slat drive, vai yuu, suukshma disk anukuulata kaligi ledhu.
desktop pisila kosam konni prarambha sidi-raam drivelu kooda unnaayi, dheenilo daani tray-loading mechanism koddigaa bayataku vastundi mariyu aadhunika laptoplu mariyu aadhunika bahya slim portable optical disk drivela antargata optical disk drivelalo upayoginche tray ajecting paddhati maadirigaane, sidini load cheyadaaniki viniyogadaaru trainu manaveeyamgaa bayataku teeyaali. top-loading mechanism maadirigaane, avi spindle meeda spring-loaded baall bearinglanu kaligi untaayi.
top load.
takkuva sankhyalo drive namuunaalu, ekkuvagaa compact portable unitlu, "top-loading" yantraamgaanni kaligi untaayi, ikkada drive mootha manaveeyamgaa paiki teravabadutundi mariyu disknu neerugaa spindle meeda unchabadutundi (udaaharanaku, anni playstation vann console, playstation 2 slim, playstation 3 suupar slim, gamecube console, nintendo vai minee, chaalaa portable sidi playerlu mariyu konni swatantra sidi recorderlu top-loading drivelanu kaligi untaayi). ivi konnisaarlu disknu pattukoodaaniki spring-load cheyabadina baall bearinglanu upayoginchadam valla prayojanam kaligi untaayi, drivenu tippinappudu disknu taralinchinatlayithe diskku nashtam taggutundi.
tray mariyu slat loading mechanisms maadirigaa kakunda, top-load optical drivelanu power kii connect cheyakunda teravavacchu.
gulika load.
konni prarambha sidi-raam drivelu pratyeka gulikalu ledhaa kaadiilaloo sidi lanu choppinche yantraamgaanni upayoginchaayi, idhi 3.5 angulaala micro floppy disket maadirigaane kanipistundi. idhi disknu kathinamaina plaastik casing loe moosiveyadam dwara pramaadavasaattu nashtam nundi rakshinchadaaniki uddesinchabadindi, conny adanapu kharchu mariyu anukuulata samasyala kaaranamgaa vistruta aamodam pondaledu-atuvanti drivelaku asoukaryamgaa "bair" disclanu upayoginche mundu teravagala kaadilo manaveeyamgaa choppinchaalsina avasaram untundi. ultra density optical ("yudo"), magneto-optical drivelu, universal media disk ("ummed"), dataplay, professional disk, minee disk, optical disk archive, alaage prarambha dvd-raam mariyu blue-rae disclu optical disk gulikalu upayogistaayi.
computer interfacelu.
anni optical disk-drivelu command bus sthaayilo sci-protokaalnu upayogistaayi, mariyu prarambha vyavasthalu puurtigaa feature cheyabadina sci bassunu upayogistaayi ledhaa ivi viniyogadaarula anuvartanaalaku vikrayinchadaaniki kontavaraku nishedhinchabadinanduna, yajamanya dhara-tagginchina bassu version. endukante aaa samayamlo sampradaaya yea. tii. yea-pramaanaalu maddatu ivvaledu, ledhaa tolaginchagala media ledhaa disk drivela hott-plugging kosam etuvanti nibandhanalu laevu. vyaktigata computerlu, sarvarlu mariyu workstationla kosam chaalaa aadhunika antargata drivelu praamaanika-angulaala drive baeloe (5.25 angulaalugaa kooda vrayabaddayi) saripoyela roopondinchabaddaayi mariyu oka ataa ledhaa saataa bus interfaces dwara vaati hostku connect avtayi, conny tolaginchagala mediaku anukuulamgaa samaantara ataa/idi interfacelanu roopondinchadaaniki abhivruddhi chesina ataa packagy interfaces pramaanam prakaram software sthaayilo sci protocol aadesaalanu upayoginchi communicate chestaayi. konni parikaraalu recording density ("gigarek"), lazer power setting ("varirek"), universal speed settingnu adhigaminche vidhamgaa manyuvalga haard-limit rotation speed saamarthyam (chadavadam mariyu vrayadam kosam vidigaa), mariyu takkuva setting sabdaanni tagginche lens mariyu tray kadalika vegaanni sardubaatu cheyadam vanti vikreta-nirdishta aadesaalaku maddatu ivvavacchu, konni plextar drivelalo amarchinatlugaa, alaage konni light-aann drivelalo amalu chesinatlugaa, media rakaniki sifaarsu cheyabadina vaegaaniki minchina vegam anie ardham, athi vegamtho burning cheyagala saamarthyam. adanamgaa, audeo kosam digital mariyu analog avutputlu undavacchu. avutputlanu header cable dwara sound card ledhaa madarborduku ledhaa headphonelaku ledhaa aneka prarambha optical drivelu amarchina 3.5mm aux plug kebultho bahya speakerku anusandhaaninchavacchu. okappudu, sidi playerlanu pooli unde computer software sidi playbacknu niyantrinchedi. nedu disk nundi samacharanni digital detaga sekaristaaru, tirigi play cheyadaaniki ledhaa itara file formatlaku maarchadaaniki.
konni prarambha optical drivelu vaati mundu panello sidi playback niyantranala kosam pratyeka buttonlanu kaligi untaayi, ivi swatantra compact disk playerga panicheyadaaniki veelu kalpistaayi.
bahya drivelu praarambhamlo prachuryam pondaayi, endukante drivelaku tarachugaa sanklishtamaina electronics avasaram, idhi sanklishtatalo host computer systemku poteegaa untundi. sci, samaantara port, usb mariyu firewire interfacelanu upayoginche bahya drivelu unnaayi, chaalaa varaku aadhunika drivelu usb. laptopla kosam konni portable versionlu byaatareela nundi ledhaa neerugaa vaati interfaces bassu nundi saktini andistaayi.
sci interfaceto kuudina drivelu modata andubaatulo unna ekaika system interfaces, conny avi dhara sunnitamaina takkuva-sthaayi viniyogadaarula marketlo ennadoo prachuryam pondaledu, idhi demandlo ekkuva bhaagam. yajamanya vyaya-taggina anuvartanaalato poliste vaati interfaces chipsetlu, marinta sanklishtamaina sci connectorlu mariyu takkuva parimaanamlo ammakalu kaaranamgaa avi takkuva saadhaaranam mariyu khareedainavigaa undevi, conny mukhyamgaa chaalaa viniyogadaarula market computer vyavasthalalo yea vidhamaina sci interfaces lenanduna vatiki market takkuvagaa undedi. ayithe, vividha kharchunu tagginche yajamanya optical drive bassu pramaanaalaku maddatu saadhaaranamgaa sound kaardulatoe ponduparachabadindi, ivi prarambha samvatsaraallo tarachugaa optical drivelatho koodi undevi. konni sound card mariyu optical drive bundleslo puurti sci bassu kooda undedi. aadhunika idi/ataapi compliant samaantara atya mariyu seeriyal atya drive controll chipsetlu mariyu vaati interfaces saanketikata saampradaaya 8 bitt 50 emhechz sci drive interfaces kante tayaareeki marinta klishtamgaa untundi, endukante avi sci mariyu atya bassu rendinti lakshanaalanu kaligi untaayi, conny scale yokka aardhika vyavasthala kaaranamgaa mottam cheyadaaniki choukagaa untaayi.
optical disk drive modata abhivruddhi cheyabadinappudu, computer vyavasthalaku jodinchadam antha sulabham kaadu. ibm ps/2 vanti konni computerlu-angulaala floppy mariyu-angulaala haard diskpy praamaaneekarinchabaddaayi mariyu pedda antargata parikaraniki chotu ivvaledu. alaage ibm pisilu mariyu klonelu modatlo oke (samaantara) etaa drive interfacenu matrame kaligi undevi, idhi sidi-raam pravesapettabade samayaniki, ippatike rendu haard drivelaku maddatu ivvadaaniki upayoginchabadutondi mariyu tolaginchagala mediaku maddatu ivvalekapoyindi, system pratyakshamgaa unnappudu drive padipovadam ledhaa bassu nundi tolaginchabadatam, tirigi pondaleni lopaniki kaaranamavutundi mariyu mottam systemnu crash chestundi. prarambha viniyogadaarula grade laptoplu bahya nilva parikaraniki maddatu ivvadaaniki antarnirmita hye-speed interfacenu kaligi undavu. unnata sthaayi workstation vyavasthalu mariyu laptoplu baahyamgaa anusandhaaninchabadina parikaraalaku pramaanaanni kaligi unna sci interfacenu kaligi unnaayi.
 idhi aneka paddhatula dwara parishkarinchabadindih
ippatike amalulo unna asynchrony lekapovadam valla, debbatinna sectors edurkontunna optical drive vindos explorer vanti drivelanu access cheyadaaniki prayatnistunna computer prograamlanu lock cheyadaaniki kaaranamavutundi.
sci aakruteekarana.
drive namuunaalu paniteeru optimisation mariyu pareeksha prayojanaala kosam pravartanaa paaraamitula sardubaatuku maddatu ivvavacchu, udaaharanaku reed retrai count (coque _ 2), rait retrai count (coque _ 3), mariyu error correction (coque _ 4) nuu nishkriyam chese empika. udaaharanaku, reed retrai count anedi debbatinna sectarnu drive entha tarachugaa chadavadaaniki prayatninchaalo nirdesistundi. adhika viluva vyaktigata debbatinna rangaalanu vijayavantamgaa chadive avakaasaanni penchavacchu, conny pratispandana yokka vyayamtho, endukante idhi parikaram computerku spandinchanitlugaa kanipinche japyalanu jodistundi.
kokj _ 5 command-line utility atuvanti paaraamitulanu manaveeyamgaa niyantrinchadaaniki anumatistundi. udaaharanaku, optical drive parikaram file "sr0" kosam reed retrai kountnu 10kii sett chestundi mariyu anni code paejeelanu jabita chestundi. drive namuunaalu ledhaa vikretala madhya viluvalanu vibhinnamgaa ardham chesukovacchu.
drive yokka antargata yantraangam.
photolaloni optical drivelu kudivaipu paiki chuupabadataayi; disk vaati paina koorchuntundi. lazer mariyu optical vyavastha disk diguva bhaganni skaan chestundi.
paie photoku sambandhinchi, image centarku kudi vaipuna disk motor, oka metal cylinder, buudida rangu centering hub mariyu paina nalla rabbaru drive ring unnaayi. disk aakaaramlo gundrani bigimpu undhi, cover lopala vadulugaa unchabadi, tippadaaniki swechchagaa untundi; idhi photolo ledhu. disk tray lopaliki kadaladam aagipoyina tarvaata, motaru mariyu daani jatacheyabadina bhagalu paiki lechinappudu, tirige assembly parichayala paibhaagaaniki sameepamlo oka ayaskaantam untundi mariyu disknu pattukoovadaaniki mariyu madhyalo unchadaaniki bigimpunu balamgaa aakarshistundi. eee motaru "avtrannar"-shaili brush laeni disi motaru, idhi bahya rotarnu kaligi untundi-daanilooni prati kanipinche bhaagam tirugutundi.
photolo eguva edama mariyu diguva kudi madhya nadiche rendu samaantara guide raadlu kadile optical reed-rait head ayina "sled" nuu kaligi untaayi. chuupina vidhamgaa, eee "sled" disk anchuna chadive ledhaa vraase sthaanaaniki daggaragaa ledhaa unna sthithilo untundi. nirantaram chadavadam ledhaa vrayadam karyakalapala samayamlo "sled" nuu taralinchadaaniki, oka stepper motaru daani mottam prayaana paridhi antataa "sled" nuu taralinchadaaniki lead scroonu tipputundi. motaru, chaalaa dhooramlo unna shock mount yokka edama vaipuna unna chinna buudida rangu cylinder; daani shaft maddatu raadlaku samaantaramgaa untundi. lead screw anedi samanamga-antaram gala muduru vivaraalatoe kuudina raad; ivi "sled" paie pinn nii nimagnam chese helical groves.
dheeniki viruddhamgaa, choukagaa tayaaru chesina dvd player nundi vacchina rendava photolo chuupina yantraangam, slednu taralinchadaaniki mariyu disknu tippadaaniki takkuva khachitamaina mariyu takkuva samarthavanthamaina brush chesina disi motorlanu upayogistundi. konni paatha drivelu slednu taralinchadaaniki disi motarunu upayogistaayi, conny sthaanaanni track cheyadaaniki magnetic rotary encodernu kooda kaligi untaayi. computerlalo chaalaa varaku drivelu stepper motorlanu upayogistaayi.
bahya shacklaku sunnitatvaanni tagginchadaaniki mariyu vaegamgaa parugettetappudu avashesha asamatulyata nundi vachhe drive sabdaanni tagginchadaaniki buudida lohapu chatram daani naalugu moolallo shock-mount cheyabadindi. mruduvaina shock mount grometlu naalugu moolallo ittadi rangu maralu krinda untaayi (edamavaipu aspashtamgaa untundi).
moodava photolo, lens mechanism cover kinda unna bhagalu kanipistaayi. lens holderku iruvaipula unna rendu shaashwata ayaskaantaalu alaage lensnu kadilinche coils chudavachu. idhi punjam yokka drushtini sthireekarinchadaaniki lensnu paiki, krindiki, munduku mariyu venukaku taralinchadaaniki anumatistundi.
nalgava photolo, optics packagy lopali bhaganni chudavachu. idhi sidi-raam drive kabatti, oke oka lazer undani gamaninchandi, idhi assembleaki diguva edama vaipuna amarchabadina nalla bhaagam. lazer paina disk vadda punjamnu nirdesinche modati focusing lens mariyu prism untaayi. madhyalo unna podavaina, sannani vastuvu sagam vendi addam, idhi lazer punjamnu bahula disalalo vibhajistundi. addam diguva kudivaipuna disk nundi pratibimbimchae punjamnu grahinche pradhana photodiode untundi. pradhana photodiode paina lazer yokka saktini grahinchadaaniki mariyu niyantrinchadaaniki upayoginche rendava photodiode untundi.
kramarahita narinja padaartham sannani sheet plaastik maddatutoe anuvaina chekkina raagi reku; ivi pratidee electronics kuu anusandhaaninche "anuvaina circuitlu" (idhi choopabadaledu).
charitra.
1972loe pradarsinchabadina modati lazer disk, "lasservision" 12 angulaala veediyo disk. veediyo signal veediyo casset vanti analog formatga nilva cheyabadindi. mottamodati digitalga record cheyabadina optical disk 1975loe soonee mariyu phillips roopondinchina reed-onlee formatlo 5 angulaala audeo compact disk (sidi).
mottamodati cheripiveyagala optical disk drivelanu 1983loe matsushita (panasonic), soonee mariyu kokusay denshin denwa (kdd) prakatinchaaru. soonee chivariki 1987loe modati vaanijyaparamgaa cheripiveyadagina mariyu tirigi vraayadagina-angulaala optical disk drivenu vidudala chesindi, indulo dual-sided disclu prati vaipuku 325 embeeni pattukogalavu.
sidi-raam aakrutini soonee mariyu denon abhivruddhi chesaaru, 1984loe compact disk digital audeo yokka podigimpugaa pravesapettaaru mariyu yea vidhamaina digital daetaanu kaligi undataaniki anugunamgaa marcharu. sidi-rome formatt 650 emby nilva saamarthyaanni kaligi undhi. 1984loe kooda soonee lazer disk dayta nilva aakrutini pravesapettindi, dheeni dayta saamarthyam 3.28 gb.
1992 septembarulo, soonee minee disk aakrutini prakatinchindi, idhi sidi yokka audeo spashtata mariyu casset parimaanam yokka soulabhyaanni militam cheyavalasi undhi. praamaanika saamarthyam 80 nimishala audeoni kaligi untundi. janavari 2004loe, soonee upgraded cheyabadina hye-endi formatnu velladinchindi, idhi saamarthyaanni 1 jibi (48 gantala audeo) kii penchindi.
panasonic, soonee mariyu toshiba abhivruddhi chesina dvd formatt 1995loe vidudalaindi, mariyu prati poraku 4.7 jibini pattukogala saamarthyam kaligi undhi; modati dvd playerlu november 1,1996naa japaanlooni panasonic mariyu toshiba dwara ravana cheyabaddaayi mariyu modati dvd-raam anukuula computerlu aaa samvatsaram november 6naa fujitsu dwara ravana cheyabaddaayi. yuu. ess loe computerla kosam dvd-rome drivela ammakalu.ess. marchi 24,1997naa creative lyablu tama pisi-dvd kitnu marketloki vidudala chesinappudu idhi praarambhamaindi.
1999loe, kenwood oka bahula-kirana optical drivenu vidudala chesindi, idhi 72x varaku ekkuva dahana vegaanni saadhinchindi, dheeniki oke-kiranaanni kaalchadamtho pramaadakaramaina spinning vegam avasaram. ayithe, idhi viswasaneeyata samasyalatho baadhapadindi.
modati blue-rae namuunaanu october 2000loe soonee aavishkarinchindi, mariyu modati vaanijya recording parikaranni april 10,2003naa marketloki vidudala chesaaru. janavari 2005loe, tidike vaaru blue-rae discla kosam ultra-haard inca chaalaa sannani polymer puuta ("durabis") nuu abhivruddhi chesinatlu prakatinchaaru; idhi oka mukhyamaina saanketika purogati endukante dividitho poliste viniyogadaarula marketku bair disclanu gokadam mariyu nashtam nundi rakshinchadaaniki merugaina rakshana avasaram. saanketikamgaa blue-rae diskku irukaina punjam mariyu takkuva tarangadairghyam 'blue' lazer kosam sannani pora kooda avasaram. modati bidi-rome playerlu (shamsung bidi-pii1000) juun 2006 madhyalo ravana cheyabaddaayi. modati blue-rae disk sheershikalanu soonee mariyu mgm juun 20,2006naa vidudala chesaayi. computer kosam modati maas-market blue-rae disk rii rait cheyadagina drive bdablue-100eah, dheenini soonee juulai 18,2006naa vidudala chesindi.
2010la madhyakaalam nundi, computer tayaareedaarulu tama utpattulapai antarnirmita optical disk drivelanu cherchadam nilipiveyadam praarambhinchaaru, choukaina, kathinamaina (geetalu paadaina dayta, praapyata cheyaleni faillu ledhaa audeo/veediyo daataveyadaaniki kaaranam kaadu), vegavantamaina mariyu adhika saamarthyam gala usb drivelu mariyu veediyo internet dwara demand meeda. optical drivenu minahaayinchadam valla laptaplalo circuit bordulu peddavigaa mariyu takkuva dattamgaa undataaniki, takkuva poralu avasaramayye, utpatti kharchulanu tagginchetappudu baruvu mariyu mandaanni tagginchadaaniki ledhaa byaatariilu peddavigaa undataaniki anumatistundi. computer cases tayaareedaarulu kooda optical disk drivelanu vyavasthaapinchadaaniki-angulaala baelanu cherchadam maaneyadam praarambhinchaaru. ayithe, kotta optical disk drivelu ippatikee (2020 natiki) konugolu kosam andubaatulo unnaayi. pramukha optical disk drive omeslo hitachi, elgy electronics (hitachi-elgy dayta storage loe vileenam), toshiba, shamsung electronics (toshiba shamsung storage technologylo vileenam), soonee, nec (optiarclo vileenam), light-aann, phillips (phillips & light-aann digital solutionlalo vileenam), payaneer corporation, plextar, panasonic, yamaha corporation mariyu kenwood unnaayi.
anukuulata.
chaalaa optical drivelu sidi varaku vaati puurveekulatoo venukaku anukuulamgaa untaayi, ayithe idhi pramaanaala prakaram avasaram ledhu.
sidi yokka 1.2 mimi paalii carbonate poratho poliste, dvd yokka lazer punjam recording uparitalaanni cherukovadaniki 0.6 mimi matrame chochukupovali. idhi oka dii. vii. dii drivenu chinna spot saijulo punjamnu kendreekarinchadaaniki mariyu chinna guntalanu chadavadaaniki anumatistundi. dvd lens adhe lejartho sidi ledhaa dvd media kosam vaerae phokasku maddatu istundi. kotta blue-rae disk drivelatho, lazer 0.1 mimi padaarthaanni matrame chochukupovali. anduvalla optical assembly saadhaaranamgaa marinta ekkuva phocus paridhini kaligi undaali. aacharanalo, blue-rae optical vyavastha DVD/CD vyavastha nundi vaerugaa untundi.
recording pradarsana.
sidi raitar drivela samayamlo, avi tarachugaa moodu ververu speed ratinglatho gurtinchabadataayi. eee sandarbhaalalo, modati vegam okasari vrayadam (aarr) kaaryakalaapaalaku, rendava vegam tirigi vrayadam (ardablue) kaaryakalaapaalaku mariyu chivari vegam chadavadaaniki matrame (rome) kaaryakalaapaalaku. udaaharanaku, oka 40x/16x/48x sidi raitar drive 40x (6,000 kbit/s) vegamtho sidi-aarr mediaku vraayagaladu, sidi-ardablue mediaku 16x (2,400 kbit/s) vegamtho vraayagaladu mariyu sidi-raam media nundi 48x (7,200 kbit/s) vegamtho chadavagaladu.
cambo (sidi-ardablue/dvd-rome) drivela samayamlo, adanapu speed rating (udhaa.zii. 16x loe 52x/32x/52x/16x) anedi DVD-ROM media reeding karyakalapala kosam ketayinchabadindi.
dvd raitar drivelu, blue-rae disk cambo drivelu mariyu blue-rae disk raitar drivela kosam, vaati sambandhita optical media yokka vraata mariyu pathana vegam daani retail baaks, user manueval ledhaa bundle brocherlu ledhaa karapatraalalo perkonabadindi.
1990la chivaralo, adhika-vegavantamaina sidi recorderlu inti mariyu karyalaya computerlalo kanipinchadam praarambhinchadamtho "buffer under runlu" chaalaa saadhaarana samasyaga maarindi, ivi-vividha kaaranaala valla-tarachugaa dayta streamnu sthiramgaa andinchadaaniki ii/oo paniteerunu sameekarinchalekapoyaayi. recorder, adhi takkuvagaa unte, recording prakriyanu nilipiveyavalasi vastundi, saadhaaranamgaa disknu panikiraanidigaa chese kattirinchina track vadiliveyabadutundi.
dheeniki pratispandanagaa, sidi recorderla tayaareedaarulu "buffer under runn protection" thoo (sanyo yokka "burn-proof", rico yokka "justlink" mariyu yamaha yokka "lassless link" vanti vividha vaanijya paerlatoe) drivesnu ravana cheyadam praarambhinchaaru. ivi recording prakriyanu nilipivesi, nilipivese antaraanni sidi playerlu mariyu sidi-raam drivelalo nirminchina dosha-diddubaatu tarkam dwara parishkarinchagala vidhamgaa tirigi praarambhinchavacchu. eee drivelalo modatidi 12x mariyu 16x rating ivvabadindi.
16x vegamtho recording dividilaku maddatu ichhe modati optical drive 2004 rendava bhaagamlo vidudalaina maargadarsaka dvr-108. ayithe, aaa samayamlo, recordable dvd media inca aaa adhika recording vaegaaniki maddatu ivvaledu.
drivelu DVD + r, DVD + rw mariyu anni blue-rae formatlanu burn chestunnappudu, recorder kotta daetaanu suspend chesina rait chivara sarigga unchagaladu kabatti vatiki atuvanti error correcting recovery avasaram ledhu, idhi samarthavantamgaa nirantara tracknu utpatti chestundi (idhe DVD + technology saadhinchindi). taruvaati interfacelu avasaramaina vegamtho daetaanu prasaram cheyagaliginappatiki, chaalaa drivelu ippudu 'johned constant leanier valacity' ("z-clv") loe vraastaayi. dheeni ardham drive vegam maarutunnappudu vraase aapareshannu tatkalikamga nilipiveyaali, aapai kotta vegaanni saadhinchina tarvaata daanini tirigi praarambhinchaali. idhi buffer under runn maadirigaane nirvahinchabadutundi.
optical disk raitar drivela antargata buffer bidi-aarr, bidi-aarr dl, bidi-aarr, ledhaa bidi-aarr dl medianu record chesetappudu 8 mib ledhaa 4 mib; dvd-aarr, dvd-aarr, dvd-aarr dl, dvd + aarr, dvd + ardablue, dvd + ardablue dl, dvd-raam, sidi-aarr, ledhaa sidi-ardablue medianu record chesetappudu 2 mib.
recording pathakaalu.
vyaktigata computerlalo sidi recording anedi modata batch-aadhaarita pani, dheenilo dayta yokka "chitram" nuu record cheyadaaniki mariyu oka sessionlo disclo record cheyadaaniki pratyeka authering software avasaram. idhi archival prayojanaala kosam aamodayogyamainadi, conny tolaginchagala nilva maadhyamgaa sidi-aarr mariyu sidi-ardablue discla saadhaarana soukaryaanni parimitam chesindi.
packett raiting anedi oka pathakam, dheenilo recorder chinna paelullu ledhaa packetlalo diskku kramamga vraastaaru. varusa packett rachana disknu diguva nundi paiki pyaaketlatho nimputundi. sidi-raam mariyu dvd-raam drivelalo chadavagaligela cheyadaaniki, disk praarambhamlo tudi table-off-kantentnu vrayadam dwara disknu eppudaina "muusivaeyavachchu"; aaa taruvaata, disknu packett-vraayalaemu. packett raiting, operating system nundi maddatu mariyu udf vanti file system, flash memory mariyu magnetic disclu vanti madhyamalalo maadirigaa yaadruchchika rait-accessnu anukarinchadaaniki upayoginchavacchu.
sthira-podavu packett rachana (sidi-ardablue mariyu dvd-ardablue medialo) disknu padded, sthira-parimaana packetluga vibhajistundi. padding disk saamarthyaanni taggistundi, conny recorder daani poruguvaarini prabhaavitam cheyakunda oka packetlo recording praarambhinchadaaniki mariyu aapadaniki anumatistundi. ivi ayaskanta madhyamam andinche block-rait accessnu pooli untaayi, chaalaa sampradaaya file vyavasthalu unnatlugaa panicheestaayi. ayithe, ituvanti disclu chaalaa sidi-raam mariyu dvd-raam drivelalo ledhaa adanapu moodava party driverlu lekunda chaalaa operating systemlalo chadavabadavu. packetluga vibhajinchadam anedi cd-r (w) mariyu dvd-r (w) drivelu dayta block lopala matrame daetaanu gurtinchagalavu kabatti nammadaginadi kaadu. blackla madhya udaaramaina khaaliilu (paina perkonna padding) migili unnappatikee, drive appudappudu tappipovachhu mariyu ippatike unna kontha daetaanu naasanam cheyavachu ledhaa disknu chadavalenidigaa kooda cheyavachu.
dvd + ardableu disk formatt disk yokka dayta grove loe marinta khachitamaina samaya suuchanalanu ponduparachadam dwara mariyu venukabadina anukuulatanu prabhaavitam cheyakunda vyaktigata dayta blacklanu (ledhaa baitlanu kooda) bharti cheyadaaniki anumatinchadam dwara eee nammadagani lakshanaanni tolagistundi ("lassless linking" anie piluvabade oka lakshanam). eee aakruti kooda nirantara recordingtho vyavaharinchadaaniki roopondinchabadindi, endukante idhi digital veediyo recorderlalo vistrutamgaa upayoginchabadutundani bhaavinchaaru. ituvanti aneka DVRluu variable-rate veediyo compression schemelanu upayogistaayi, veetini chinna paelullaloo record cheyavalasi untundi; konni vaerae chota nundi chaduvutunnappudu disk yokka thokaku recording cheyadam madhya twaragaa marpidi cheyadam dwara ekakaalamlo playback mariyu recordingnu anumatistaayi. blue-rae disk vyavastha kooda eee saanketikatanu kaligi untundi.
nepathyamlo firmware formatt kotta disclanu kaligi undatam dwara packett-vraasina sidi-ardableu mariyu dvd + ardableu disclanu tolaginchagala ayaskanta madhyamam vale upayoginchadaaniki soukaryavantamgaa marchadam mariyu media lopaalanu nirvahinchadam (disclo marekkadaina sthalaanni reserve cheyadaaniki chakralanu tolaginchadam dwara ksheeninchina disk bhaagaalanu svayamchaalakamgaa mapp cheyadam dwara) mount rainer lakshyam. fibravari 2007 natiki, mount rainarku maddatu vindos vistaalo sthaanikamgaa maddatu istundi. vindos yokka munupati anni versionlaku moodava party parishkaram avasaram, alaage maak oes ex kooda avasaram.
recorder pratyaekamaina gurtimpu.
sangeeta parisrama nundi vacchina ottidi kaaranamgaa, ii. eff. pii. ii mariyu rhea praatinidhyam vahistunnatlugaa, phillips "recorder identification code" (ridd) nuu abhivruddhi chesindi, idhi medianu vraasina recordertho pratyaekamgaa anubandhinchadaaniki veelu kalpistundi. eee pramaanam indradhanassu pustakaalalo undhi. ridd-kodlo sarafaraadaaru code untundi (udhaa.zii. "phillips kosam "phai"), oka modal number mariyu recorder yokka pratyaekamaina idi. philipsnu utamkistuu, "ridd" prati diskku recordinglone coded samacharanni upayoginchi tayaaru chesina khachitamaina yantraaniki tirigi jaadanu istundi. ridd code vadakam tappanisari."
sangeetam mariyu veediyo parisrama prayojanaala kosam ridd pravesapettabadinappatiki, dayta mariyu backup disclatho sahaa prati drive vraasina prati disclo ridd cherchabadutundi. database lenanduna yea vyaktigata recordernu gurtinchadam (prastutam) asadhyam kabatti ridd viluva prashnaarthakamgaa undhi.
muulam gurtimpu code.
soars identification code (side) anedi enimidi aksharaala sarafaraadaaru code, dheenini tayaareedaaru optical disclapy unchutaaru. side tayaareedaaruni matrame kakunda, disknu utpatti chese vyaktigata factory mariyu yantraanni kooda gurtistundi.
side kodla nirvahakudu ayina phillips prakaram, side code daani plantlo praaveenyam pondina ledhaa pratiroopam pondina anni disclanu gurtinche maargaalato optical disk utpatti sadupaayaanni andistundi, nirdishta lazer beam recorder (lbr) signal processor ledhaa achutho sahaa oka nirdishta stamper ledhaa disknu utpatti chestundi.
forensicslo ridd mariyu sidenu kalisi upayoginchandi.
ridd mariyu side yokka praamaanika upayogam antey vraayabadina prati disk disk (side) nuu utpatti chesina yantram yokka rikaardunu kaligi untundi, mariyu yea drive daanini (ridd) vraasindi. eee ummadi ghnaanam chatta amalu, daryaaptu samsthalaku mariyu private ledhaa corporate parisoedhakulaku chaalaa upayogakaramgaa undavacchu.
side kodnu pravesapettadaaniki mukhyamaina prerana vaanijya sidi la anadhikara kaapeelanu utpatti chese disk tayari karmagaralanu gurtinchadam. 1990la natiki, sidi la kosam utpatti prakriya bahula prakriyalatho kuudina "clean-room" vaataavaranam avasaram nundi abhivruddhi chendindi, idhi gananeeyamaina pettubadini koorutuu mariyu "baadhyataayutamaina" samsthalaku parimitam ayye avakaasam undhi, idhi "mono-liner" parikaraalatoe chepattagala karyakalapamga maarindi, idhi 1980la chivarilo abhivruddhi cheyabadindi mariyu "mottam prakriyanu oke pettelo packaging cheyagala saamarthyam kaligi undhi, idhi" rendu karyalaya descla kante ekkuva sthalaanni "aakraminchadu. tatphalitamgaa, sidi tayari parisrama takkuva perugala samsthalanu chaerchadaaniki perigindi, 1994 natiki, "chattabaddhamaina sidi" kosam anchanaa vesina demand kante rettimpu disclanu utpatti cheyagaligindi, konni marketlalo chattaviruddhamaina kaapeelu chattabaddhamaina kaapeelanu gananeeyamaina maarjinlatoe adhigamistunnayani sangeeta parisrama samsthalu perkonnaayi. disk mastering sthaapananu mariyu oka nirdishta disk tayaareeki upayoginche tayari karmagaranni gurtinche sankethaalu, prati okkati akrama sidi utpattiki kaaranamaina vaarini gurtinchadamlo sahaayapadataayani phillips mariyu ii. eff. pii. ii. bhaavinchaayi. ayithe, eee charyanu pravesapettadaaniki maddatugaa ippatike unna tayari karmagaralu tama parikaraalanu meruguparachadampai eee pathakam aadhaarapadindi, mariyu aaa soukaryaalu ippatike gananeeyamaina sankhyalo akrama discla tayaareeloo nimagnamaina sandarbhaallo atuvanti soukaryaalanu oppinchadam "konchem kashtamgaa" bhaavinchabadindi.