
mandolin charitra

mandolin anedi 18va sataabdamloo italeeki chendina lute kutumbaaniki chendina aadhunika sabhyudu. eee vaayidyam airopa antataa vaayinchabadindi, conny nepolian yuddhaala taruvaata adrusyamaindi. eee vaayidyam yokka aadhunika baul byaak versionnu roopondinchina ghanata naples yokka vinasia kutumbaaniki velutundi. 19va sataabdamloo, spanish vidyaarthulu antarjaateeyamgaa vijayam saadhinchina taruvaata, deep bouled mandolin, mukhyamgaa neapolitan roopam sarvasaadhaaranam ayyindi. vaaru eurup mariyu americalo paryatinchaaru, mariyu vaari pradarsanalu mandolin vistrutamgaa prachuryam pondadaaniki sahayapade oka gandaragolaanni srushtinchaayi.
aadhunika vaayidyaalu 18va sataabdaaniki chendinavi ayinappatikee, ilanti nirmaanam mariyu shreni yokka puurveekula vaayidyaalu, mandor mariyu gittern, sataabdaala kritam airopa antataa (speyin, italii, ingland, france, germany mariyu polandto sahaa) upayoginchabaddaayi. eee vaayidyaalu muslim sisily mariyu speyin nundi kraistava airopaloki pravesinchina chinna-handle cheyabadina lutes nundi abhivruddhi chendaayi. madhya asealo muslimlu eee vaayidyaalanu enchukuni, vaatini barbut mariyu oud anie pilicheevaaru. asea nivaasitulu cree. sha. 2va sataabdam varaku veetini aadutuu undevaaru.dii.
prarambha puurvagaamulu.
c thoo dating. creepoo 13,000, fraanslooni trois frers guhaloni oka guha chitralekhanam, sangeeta villu anie kondaru namme daanini varnistundi, idhi oke theega sangeeta vaayidyam vale upayoginche vaeta villu. sangeeta villu nundi, theega vaayidyaala kutumbaalu abhivruddhi chendaayi; endukante prati theega oke swaraanni vaayistundi, teegalanu jodinchadam kotta swaraalanu jodinchi, villu harps, harps mariyu lairlanu srushtistundi. kramamga, idhi diads mariyu teegalanu vaayinchagaligelaa chesindi. villu harp nitaruga chesi, karra-meda nundi teegalanu paiki ettadaaniki upayoginche vantenanu upayoginchinappudu maroka aavishkarana jarigindi, idhi veenanu srushtinchindi.
sangeeta villu nundi harp villu yokka eee chitram siddhaantam mariyu vivaadaaspadamaindi. 1965loe franz jahnel thana vimarsanu vraasi, pagulagottina vaayidyaala prarambha puurveekulu prastutam teliyaledani paerkonnaadu. praacheena saanketika parignaanaanni teesukoni, saanketikamgaa mariyu kalaatmakamgaa baga tayaaru chesina harps, lairs, sitaaraalu mariyu lutesnu srushtinchina kristupurvam 4va sataabdapu nagarikata yokka adhunaatanataku veedkolu villu oka sudeerghamaina keka anie ayana bhaavinchaaru."
modati lutes.
sangeeta saastravettalu cree. puu. 4va sataabdapu saanketikataku udaaharanalu icchaaru, manugadalo unna chekkina chitraalanu chuusaaru. veenha lanty vaayidyam choopinche mottamodati chitram cree puu 3000 kii mundu mesopotamia nundi vachindi. sii nundi oka cylinder seal. cree puu 3100 ledhaa antakumundu (ippudu british museum aadheenamlo undhi) oka mahila karra veenanu vaayistunnatlu bhaavinchabadutunnadi choopistundi. manugadalo unna chitraala nundi, siddhaantakartalu mesopotamia lutesnu vargeekarinchaaru, avi sudeerghamaina vaividhyam mariyu chinnaviga abhivruddhi chendaayani chuupimchaaru. podavaina veerula varusa tamboorlu mariyu pandura gaa abhivruddhi chendhi undavacchu. chinna lutes line mesopotamiaku thoorpuna, bactria, gaandhaara mariyu vaayuvya bhaaratadesamlo marinta abhivruddhi cheyabadindi mariyu cree puu 2 va sataabdam nundi cree puu 4 va ledhaa 5 va sataabdaala varaku shilpaalalo choopabadindi.
pertian barbut, arab oud.
andalsia.
bactria mariyu gandharalu sassanian saamrajyamlo (224-651 AD) bhagamayyayi. sasanianla aadhvaryamlo, bacteriaku chendina oka chinna baadam aakarapu veenanu barbut ledhaa barbed anie pilicheevaaru, idhi taruvaata islaamik prapanchamlo "oud" ledhaa "udh" gaa abhivruddhi cheyabadindi. cree. sha. 711loe moorlu andalusianu jayinchinappudu, vaaru tama udnu, romanla aadhvaryamlo appatike oka veenha sampradaayam telisina pandura desamloki teesukuvacchaaru.
8va mariyu 9va sataabdaalaloo, islaamik prapancham nalumoolala nundi aneka mandhi sangeetakaarulu mariyu kalaakaarulu iberiaku tharalivachaaru. vaarilo ishaq all-mousily (mama. 850) baghdadlo undi, cree. sha. 833 kii mundu andalusiaku bahishkarinchabaddaadu. athanu bodhinchaadu mariyu thana sangeethaaniki aidava teeganu jodinchi, cardobalo modati sangeeta paatasaalallo okadaanni sthaapinchina ghanata pondaadu.
11va sataabdam natiki, muslim iberia vaayidyaala tayaareeki kendramgaa maarindi. eee vastuvulu kramamga provence varaku vyaapinchayi, french troubaderlu mariyu traversnu prabhaavitam chesi, chivariki migilina airopaku cherukunnayi.
sisily nundi germany varaku.
moors dwara speyin (andalusia) kuu veenanu pravesapettadamto paatu, arabia nundi european samskrutiki veenanu badilee cheyadamlo maroka mukhyamaina amsam sisily mariyu sisily yokka munupati emirate, ikkada dheenini byzantine ledhaa taruvaata muslim sangeetakaarulu teesukuvacchaaru. muslimla nundi dveepaanni norman swaadheenam chesukunna taruvaata palermoloni aasthaanamlo gayakudu-lutenistulu unnaaru, mariyu 1140loe sisileeki chendina norman raaju rendava rogar ankitam chesina palermo yokka raayal capella palaatinaaloni paikappu chitraalalo eee veenha vistrutamgaa chithreekarinchabadindi. athani hohenstoufen manavadu frederic II, pavitra roman chakravarthy (1194-1250) muslimlanu thana aasthaanamlo vileenam cheyadam konasaginchadu, indulo murish sangeetakaarulu kooda unnaaru. rendava frederic 1218 mariyu 1237 madhya oka murish sisilian anucharuditho letch loya mariyu bavarianu sandarsinchaadu."14va sataabdam natiki, lutes italii antataa vyaapinchayi, bahusha palermolo unna hohenstoufen raajulu mariyu chakravarthy saamskrutika prabhavam kaaranamgaa, lute kooda german matlade deshaalloki gananeeyamaina chorabaatlanu chesindi. 1500 natiki loya mariyu fussen aneka veenha-tayari kutumbaalanu kaligi unnaayi, taruvaati rendu sataabdaalaloo eee praantamloo "16va mariyu 17va sataabdapu lootmaking yokka prasiddha paerlu" undevi.
european lute prarambham.
13va sataabdam nundi chitraalu mariyu shilpaalalo veenha abhivruddhi yokka pratyaekamaina european sampradaayam gurtinchadaginadi. 14va sataabdam praarambhamloonae, airopa antataa upayoginche suukshma veenha ledhaa geaternpy teegalanu rettimpu chesaaru. muslim-nirmita vaayidyaalaku vilakshanhamaina "3" ledhaa "doubleu" aakaaramlo unna chinna soundhole, europeanlu vaayinche vaayidyaalapai cantigas dii shanta maria drushtaamtaalalo kanipinchevi, european vaayidyaalaku vilakshanhamainavi kaavu. badulugaa european vaayidyaalu ekkuvagaa "sii", "dii" ledhaa "bii" aakarapu soundhole ledhaa gundrani soundholenu upayoginchaayi, veetini gulabi alankaranatho kappavacchu. eee geatern 13va sataabdapu kalalo modatisaarigaa kanipistundi. idhi 16va sataabdam chivari natiki "mandor" (french paeru) gaa abhivruddhi chendindi mariyu german bhaashalo "mandor", spanish "vandola" mariyu italian "mandola" gaa piluvabadindi.
italeelo abhivruddhi, neapolitan mandolin puttuka.
21va sataabdamloo "mandolin" anae padaanni cheppinappudu, idhi saadhaaranamgaa neapolitan mandolin ledhaa american bluegrass mandolin vanti aidava bhaagamlo tune cheyabadina 8 teegalatho kuudina parikaranni suuchistumdi. mandolino anedi mandolaku chinnadani, anduvalla mandolino anedi mandolaku chinna abhivruddhi anie kooda saadhaaranamgaa bhaavistaaru.
mandola nundi mana aadhunika mandolin varaku maargam antha sulabham kaadu; 19va sataabdam chivaralo mariyu 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo, vividha lakshanaalatoo kuudina mandolin rakalu undevi. charitrakaarulu vaayidyaalu mariyu sampradaayaalanu kramabaddhikarinchinappudu, mana prastuta mandolin mandolaku nijamaina varasudu kakapovachhu, lekapothe adhi vaayidyaala tayari sampradaayaala misramam kaavacchu.
16va mariyu 17va sataabdaalaku chendina mandor ledhaa mandola tudi roopam kaadu. uttara italeelo italianlu dheenini punahroopakalpana chesaaru. mandolalo vantenapai antu, pegg baaks "venukaku konamlo" mariyu "parshwa tuning pegs" thoo chadunaina soundboard undedi."kotta chinna mandola ledhaa" "mandolino" "chinnadigaa undi, chadunaina sound bordunu alaage unchukuni vantenapai atukkupoyindi". idhi chinna mandola ledhaa "mandolino" anie piluvabade vaayidyam."daani nundi milanese mandolin mariyu taruvaata lombardy mandolin vachayi, rendu vaayidyaalu vantenapai antu kaligi unnaayi. catgut-strung mandolino mariyu taruvaata milanese mariyu lombardy mandolinlanu 4,5 ledhaa 6 courselalo kattaru, veetini naalugava bhaagamlo tune chesaru e′-a′-d′-g′, b-e′-a′-d′-g′ ledhaa g-b-e′-a′-d′-g′, mariyu vaeli-sailini vaayinchaaru.
german charitrakaarudu konrad volki matladutu, eee naalugava-tuned mandolinlaku mandolino modata vartimpajesina parikaraalu, conny itara chinna, pagulagottina mariyu (ataniki) sambandham laeni parikaraalu italeelo abhivruddhi cheyabadinanduna, paeru vatiki badilee cheyabadindi. florentine mariyu neapolitan mandolinlu "mandola yokka nijamaina vaarasulu kaadu" anie volki bhaavinchaadu."athanu chitara byaatentnu neapolitan mandolin (soundboard aakaram mariyu teegalu diguvaku jodinchina vidhanam kaaranamgaa, mariyu pegg hedku badulugaa chadunaina, koona pegboard unnanduna) mariyu florentine mandolin (podavaina meda kaaranamgaa) kosam oka namoonaga bhaavinchaadu.
sangeetakaarudu mariyu sangeeta charitrakaarudu alex timmerman thana chaartlo kathinamaina panktulanu geeyaledu, italian mandolin, daani parinaamam, naamakarana mariyu rakalu."1650laloe mandola nundi neti mandolinla varaku vaayidyaala taraala madhya sambandhaalanu choopinchadaaniki ayana prayatnistaadu. eee chaart mandolin shrenulaku puurveekulugaa mariyu parikaraala lakshanaala sambhaavya paayintla kalayikaga choopistundi.
tummerman chaartlooni oka udaaharanalo, mandolino tayaareedaarulu (soundboarduku vantenanu atukkupoyina) daanini teliade vantenanu kaligi unna chittara batutaatho militam chesaaru. teliade vantenanu vaayidyam yokka sariiraaniki jodinchina teegala nundi ottidi dwara soundboarduku pattukunnaru. chitara battentlo mandolino yokka chadunaina soundboarduku badulugaa, lohapu teegala theega ottidini thattukodaaniki paiki vangi unde soundboard kooda undedi. eee sampradaayamlooni vaayidyaalalo neapolitan mandolin, roman mandolin, genoves mandolin mariyu sisilian mandolin unnaayi. adevidhamgaa, eee patam mandolino mariyu colesion yokka saadhyamaina misramaanni choopistundi, idhi podavaina meda gala florentine mandolin, bressian mandolin mariyu cremonese mandolinlanu srushtistundi, ivanni mandola yokka glude down vantenanu nilupukunnayi.
vinuxia kutumbam, modati loha-theega mandolinlu.
aadhunika loha-theega mandolinlaku modati sakshyam airopa bodhana mariyu kachereelu ichhe pramukha italian aatagallaku sambandhinchina saahityam nundi vachindi. 1750 mariyu 1810 madhya vistrutamgaa prayaaninchina gabriel leone, geovanni batista gervasio, pietro denis pramukhulu. italeelooni naples looni luthierla italian vinaxia kutumbam nundi sekarinchina recordulatho, kontamandi sangeeta saastravettalu aadhunika ukku-theega mandolinlanu naples loe vinaxia kutumbam abhivruddhi chesindani nammadaniki daariteesindi.
mandolinlaku matrame parimitam kakunda, vinassia vayolinlu, sellolu, guitarlu, mandolalu mariyu mandolinlatho sahaa teegala vaayidyaalanu tayaaru chesevaaru. mandolinlanu tayaaru chesina kutumbamloni pramukha sabhyulu eee roeju manugadalo unna vaayidyaala lopala unna labella nundi telusukoobaddaaru mariyu vaatilo vincenzo, geovanni, domenico mariyu antonio (mariyu athani kumaarulu getano mariyu gennaro, manavadu paskwell mariyu munimanavallu gennaro mariyu achille) unnaaru. vaaru tayaaru chesina mandolinlu tarataraalugaa, chadunaina soundboardulu mariyu gut-stringlatho, vangi unna soundboard mariyu kaamsya ledhaa kaamsya mariyu pregu teegalatho kuudina mandolinla dwara, ukku ledhaa ukku mariyu kaamsya teegalanu upayoginche vangi unna soundboardulathoo kuudina mandolinluga marai.
paskwell vinachia (1806-sii. 1882), mandolin nuu aadhuneekarinchi, lakshanaalanu jodinchi, "neapolitan" mandolin sii nii srushtinchindi. 1835. paskwell velimudranu punarnirminchi, paiki lepi, 17 fretlaku vistarinchindi, adhika-ottidi ukkutho chesina balamaina wire teegalanu pravesapettindi mariyu gharshana tuning peglaku yantra talanu bharti chesindi, appudu praamaanikam. kotta wire teegalaku athanu mandolin sariiraanni balopetam cheyalsina avasaram undhi, mariyu athanu mandolin ginneni lothugaa chesi, swara naanhyataku marinta pratidhvani istaadu. athanu bent soundboardnu pravesapettaledu, endukante idhi munupati taram kaamsya teegala kosam tayaaru chesina konni vaayidyaalalo undhi.
shanti, emberger mariyu itarulu.
mandolinlanu nirminchina itara luthierlalo naples loe rafale caylays (1863 nundi), rome mariyu arpinolo luigi emberger (1856-1943), romlo ferrari kutumbam (1716 nundi, vaastavaaniki mandolino tayaareedaarulu kooda) mariyu romlo dii santy (1834-1916) unnaaru. eee sakaaniki chendina itara mandolin luthierla paerlaloo kaarlo gwadagnini (geovanni batista gwadagnini kumarudu) mariyu gaspare ferrari unnaayi, veeriddari vadda venislooni sangeeta museum sekaranalo vaayidyaalu unnaayi. neapolitan shaili mandolin nirmaanaanni itarulu sweekarinchaaru mariyu abhivruddhi chesaaru, mukhyamgaa romlo, rendu vibhinnamaina conny saaruupya rakaala mandolin-neapolitan mariyu roman.
adrushtam peragadam mariyu padipovadam.
modati tarangam.
mandolino nundi mandolinku parivartana 1744 loe vinasia kutumbam dwara metal-string mandolin roopakalpanatho praarambhamaindi, 3 ittadi teegalu mariyu oka gut, sound tabletho "flush" kuurchunna velimudrapai gharshana tuning peglanu upayoginchadam. taruvaati 60 samvatsaraalalo mandolin prajaadarana pondindi, veedhullo dheenini yuvakulu dating chesevaaru mariyu veedhi sangeetakaarulu mariyu kacheri haallo upayoginchevaaru. ayithe, 1815 naati nepolian yuddhaala taruvaata, daani prajaadarana taggadam praarambhamaindi. 19va sataabdam venis yokka bartolomeo bortology mariyu pietro vimerkaateeto sahaa kontamandi pramukha aatagallanu utpatti chesindi. edemaina, vruttiparamaina naipunhyam ksheeninchindi, mandolin jaanapada vaayidyam kaavadamtho mandolin sangeetam maarindi; "mandolino mariyu mandolin kosam gurtinchabadina vaayidya sangeetam yokka pedda sangraham puurtigaa marchipoyindi". italii nundi mandolinla egumati market 1815 loe endipoyindi, mariyu 1874 loe carmin dii laurentis mandolin paddhatini vraasinappudu, "music varald" patrika mandolin "paatadi" anie rasindi."salvador leonardy thana 1921 pustakam" "methode pore banzolin oo mandolin-banzo" "loe eee ksheenatanu prastaavistuu, mandolin" "okappudu aasvaadinchina goppa prajaadarananu kontakaalam kolpoyindi"."
prajaadaranaloo eee ksheenata samayamlone (mukhyamgaa 1835loe) paskwell vinaxia thana kutumbam tarataraalugaa tayaaru chesina parikaramlo maarpulu chesi, neapolitan mandolinnu srushtinchaadu. aaa samayaniki mandolin italii velupala ekkuvagaa marchipoyindi, conny 1878loe paris expositiontho praarambhinchi, adhi mallee prasiddhi chendadaaniki vedikanu erpaatu chesaaru.
rendava tarangam, mandolinla "swarna yugam".
1878loe paris pradarsanatoe praarambhinchi, eee vaayidyam yokka prajaadarana punjukovadam praarambhinchindi. estudientes espanols" ("spanish vidyaarthulu") kosam aneka staplalo eee pradarsana okati. eee samuuham gurinchi gandaragolam erpadindi.
asalaina estudientes espanola ledhaa estudientina espanola anedi 1878 fibravari 26 natiki pradhanamgaa modrid kalaasaalala nundi erpadina 64 mandhi vidyaarthula brundam. vaaru chaaritraka dustulu dharinchi, salamanka mariyu alkala yokka puraatana sophistulaku praatinidhyam vahinchaaru mariyu marchi 2 nundi marchi 15 varaku corniwall kosam paarisku vellaaru. eee prarambha vidyaarthula brundam venuvulu, guitar vayolinlu, bandurias, venuvulu mariyu tamburinlanu vaayinchaaru. eee prarambha samuuhaaniki ildefonso dii jabaleta (adhyakshudu) mariyu jokewin dii castaneda (upaadhyakshudu) naayakatvam vahinchaaru. eee brundam paarislo pedda prekshakula mundu pradarsana ichindi (oka raatri vinodam kosam 10,000 mariyu 56,000 mandhi prajalu kanipinchinatlu nivedikalu vachayi).
paarislo vaari vijayam spanish pradarsakula rendava samuuhaaniki mundu, dheenini esudiantina figaro ledhaa esudiantina espanola figaro (spanish vidyaarthula figaro byaand) anie pilustaaru. eee samuuhaanni dionysio granados sthaapinchaaru mariyu airopalo paryatinchi nrutyam chesi, guitar, violine mariyu bandurianu vaayinchaaru, idhi mandolin thoo ayomayam chendindi.
vaari shakti mariyu aaa roeju hitt sensation srushtinchina vaayidyam gurinchi kottagaa kanugonna avagaahanato paatu, italian mandolinistula ala 1880luu mariyu 1890laloe airopalo mariyu 1880la madhya natiki united stateslo paryatinchi, vaari vaayidyam vaayinchi, bodhinchaaru. 1890laloe eee vaayidyam yokka prajaadarana peragadam konasaagindi mariyu 20va sataabdam prarambha samvatsaraallo mandolin prajaadarana daani sikharaagramlo undhi."vaelaadi mandhi eee vaayidyamnu kaalakshepamgaa teesukunnaru, mariyu idhi yuvatulu mariyu mahilalu teesukunna" "samajam" "yokka saadhanamgaa maarindi". mandolin vaadyavrundaalu prapanchavyaaptamgaa erpaddaayi, mandolin vaayidyaala kutumbaanni matrame kakunda, guitar, double baaslu mariyu jitharlanu kooda kaligi unnaayi.
aaa yugam (19va sataabdam chivari nundi 20va sataabdam prarambham varaku) mandolin yokka "swarna yugam" gaa piluvabadindi. mandolin autsaahikulu eee padaanni aanlainlo mandolin prachuryam pondina kaalaaniki paeru pettadaniki upayogistaaru, mandolin archestralu prapanchavyaaptamgaa nirvahinchabadutunnaayi mariyu kotta mariyu adhika-naanhyata vaayidyaalu ekkuvagaa unnaayi.
modati prapancha yuddham taruvaata, vaayidyam yokka prajaadarana mallee padipoyindi, ayithe kramamga. udaharinchina kaaranaalalo jaz yokka perugudala undhi, dheeni kosam vaayidyam chaalaa nissabdamgaa undhi. aadhunika soukaryaalu (phonograph recordulu, saikil mariyu automobiles, bahiranga kreedalu) vinodam kosam oka vaayidyam vaayinchadam neerchukoevadamtoe pootii paddayi.
paryavasanalu.
rendava ksheenata modatidi vale puurti kaaledu. vaelaadi mandhi eee vaayidyaanni vaayinchadam neerchukunnaaru. 20va sataabdam praarambhamlo mandolin prajaadarana yokka rendava tarangam ksheeninchinappatikii, aatagaallu mandolin yokka kotta samskaranalanu kotta sangeeta roopaalalo upayoginchadam praarambhinchaaru. luthiers resonator mandolin, flat byaak mandolin, chekkina-top ledhaa vampu-top mandolin, mandolin-banzo mariyu electric mandolinlanu srushtinchaaru. sangeetakaarulu dheenini seltic, bluegrass, jaz mariyu rock-enn-roll sailulalo vaayinchadam praarambhinchaaru-alaage "shaastreeya" shaililo kooda vaayinchadam praarambhinchaaru.

