
roman saamrajyam yokka sarihaddulu

saamraajya charitra antataa hecchutaggulaku guraina roman saamraajya sarihaddulu sainika roadlu mariyu anusandhaaninchabadina kotalu, sahaja sarihaddulu (mukhyamgaa raine mariyu danube nadulu) mariyu maanava nirmita kotala kalayikaga gurtinchabaddaayi, ivi saamraajya bhoomulanu velupala unna deshaala nundi vaeru chesaayi.
limes".
limes" anae padaanni konnisaarlu aadhunika panditulu roman saamrajyam yokka sarihaddunu suuchimchadaaniki upayogistaaru, conny romanlu dheenini upayoginchaledu. moodava sataabdam taruvaata idhi oka paripalana padam, idhi oka sainika jillaanu suuchistumdi, dheeniki oka sainika jilla naayakatvam vahistundi.
latin namavachakam aneka vibhina ardhaalanu kaligi undih kshetraala sarihaddulanu gurtinche maargam ledhaa banthi; sarihaddu rekha ledhaa marker; edainaa rahadari ledhaa maargam; stream chaanal vanti edainaa chhaanel; ledhaa rendu vishayaala madhya edainaa vyatyaasam ledhaa vyatyaasam.
britanialo saamrajyam okadaani venuka okati rendu godalanu nirminchindi; mauretaniaku rendu vaipula kotalatho oke goda undedi. siriya, arabia petria vanti itara pradaesaalaloo, nirantara goda ledhu; badulugaa roman sainyam aakraminchina sarihaddu sthaavaraalu, kotala vala undedi. dasialo, nalla samudram mariyu danube madhya unna sunnalu rendodi mariyu goda rakshanala mishramam idhi rendu, mariyu konnisaarlu moodu, "vallam" panktula kalayika, oka goppa shibiram mariyu aneka chinna sibiraalu kotala dwara vistarinchi unnaayi.
uttara sarihaddulu.
khandantara airopalo, sarihaddulu saadhaaranamgaa baga nirvachinchabaddaayi, saadhaaranamgaa raine mariyu danube vanti pradhana nadula pravahalanu anusaristaayi. ayinappatikee, avi ellappuduu tudi sarihaddu rekhalu kaavu; aadhunika romenia, dassia provins puurtigaa danubeku chaalaa dhooramlo undhi, mariyu germania magna provins, idhi germania heenamaina mariyu germania superior anie ayomayam chendakudadu, idhi raine, danube mariyu elbela madhya bhoomi (eee provins tetoberg adavi yuddham phalitamgaa erpadina moodu samvatsaraala taruvaata kolpoinappatiki).
grate britainlo hadrian mariyu antoninus payas iddaroo caledonianla nundi britania praavinsnu rakshinchadaaniki rakshanalanu nirminchaaru. 122loe nirminchina hadrian goda 10,000 mandhi sainikula dalam kaligi undagaa, 144 mariyu 144 madhya nirminchina antonine godanu 164loe vadilivesi, septimius severus paalanalo 208loe kontakaalam tirigi aakramincharu.
thoorpu sarihaddulu.
roman saamrajyam parthian saamrajyam mariyu sassanian saamrajyam anae rendu pradhana saktulanu edurkontunnanduna thoorpu sarihaddulu chalasarlu marai. paarthiyanlu aadhunika iraan, paschima iraq, armeniya mariyu caucasus looni ekkuva bhaagam iraan nuu paalinche iranian prajala samuuham. sasanianlu 224-226 loe paarthiyanla taruvaata vacchaaru mariyu 400 samvatsaraalaku paiga daani porugu pradhana pratyarthi roman (byzantine) saamraajyamtho paatu pramukha prapancha saktulalo okatigaa gurtinchabaddaaru.
dakshina sarihaddulu.
saamrajyam yokka atyadhika vistiirnamloo, dakshina sarihaddu madhyapraachyamlo arabia edaarulu mariyu uttara aafrikaaloni saharala venta undhi, idhi vistaranaku vyatiraekamgaa sahaja addankigaa undhi. eee saamrajyam madhyadhara tiiraalanu mariyu parvata shrenulanu marinta lothattu praantaalanu niyantrinchindi. romanlu siva oyaasisnu aakraminchadaaniki rendusaarlu prayatninchaaru, chivaraku sivanu bahishkarana pradaesamgaa upayoginchaaru. edemaina, romanlu nailnu aafrikaaloki aneka kilometres dhooramlo siana, berenis, hyrasicaminos mariyu khasr ibrim (annintikante dakshinaana) varaku, eejipt mariyu sudan madhya aadhunika sarihadduku sameepamlo, taruvaata tropic sameepamlo unna mero varaku niyantrinchaaru. paina perkonna prati pattanam rome yokka chivari sarihadduku praatinidhyam vahinchina kaalam anischitamgaa undhi.
aafrikaalo romanlu saharaku uttaraana unna praantaanni atlantic mahasamudram nundi eejipt varaku niyantrinchaaru, sarihaddulanu limes arabicus (limes euranus anie pilustaaru), limes mauretania vanti aneka kotala dwara niyantrinchaaru. 
phosatum aafrika, fosa regia, limes trypolitanus, limes numedia modalainavi.
maritaniaku dakshinaana tingitana romanlu moodava sataabdamloo, saalaa sameepamloni vaastava casablanca uttaraana mariyu volubilis varaku vistarinchi unna sunnapu mokkalanu tayaaru chesaaru.
septimius severus "limes trypolitanus" nuu natakeeyamgaa vistarinchaadu, cree. sha. 203loe garamantian rajadhani garamalo kontakaalam sainika unikini kooda kaligi unnadu. prarambha prachara vijayanni legio III augusta yokka legate ayina quintus anaesius foustus saadhinchaadu.
athani african vijayala taruvaata, roman saamrajyam septimius severus paalanalo daani atyadhika sthaayiki cherukuni undavacchu, dheeni krinda saamrajyam oka praantaanni kaligi undhi.