samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam

samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam ("n" e ") anedi konni saralikruta paristhitulalo, janabhalo santanotpatti chese vyaktula sankhyaku anugunamgaa unde sankhya. marinta saadhaaranamgaa, "n" e "anedi oka aadarsavantamaina janaabhaaku kontha nirdishta parimaanamlo vaddii (saadhaaranamgaa janyu vaividhyam ledhaa santanotpatti raetla maarpu) nijamaina janabhalo unnatle undataaniki avasaramaina vyaktula sankhya. aadarsavantamaina janabha yaadruchchika samyogam, prati kotta taram ekakaalamlo jananam, sthiramaina janabha parimaanam mariyu prati parent kuu samaana sankhyalo pillalu vanti avaastavikamaina conny soukaryavantamaina saralikaranalapai aadharapadi untundi. chaalaa vaddii parimaanaalu mariyu chaalaa nijamaina janaabhaaku, samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam "n" e "saadhaaranamgaa nijamaina janabha yokka janabha ganana parimaanam" n "kante takkuvagaa untundi. oke janabha bahula prabhaavavantamaina janabha parimaanaalanu kaligi undavacchu, vividha janyu sthaanaalatho sahaa vividha aasakti lakshanaala kosam.
samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam saadhaaranamgaa ekagrata samayaniki sambandhinchi kolustaaru. yea sthaanamloonuu empika laeni aadarsavantamaina dviguna janabhalo, tarataraalugaa ekagrata samayam anchanaa janabha ganana parimaanaaniki rettimpu samanamga untundi. samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanaanni jaatula lopala janyu vaividhyaanni utparivartana raetu suutram _ 1 kante naalugu retlu bhaaginchinatlugaa kolustaaru, endukante atuvanti aadarsavantamaina janabhalo, bhinnamaina janyu vaividhyam suutram _ _ samanamga untundi. aneka pradaesaalaloo empika mariyu samruddhiga anusandhaana asamatulyata unna janabhalo, ekikruta prabhaavavantamaina janabha parimaanam janabha ganana parimaanaanni assalu pratibimbimchakapoevachchu ledhaa daani samvargamaanamnu pratibimbimchavachchu.
samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam anae bhavananu bhavananu american janyu shaastravetta sewal rait janabha janyusaastra rangamlo pravesapettaaru.
avalokanam samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam yokka rakalu.
vaddii parimaanaanni batti, samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanaanni aneka vidhaluga nirvachinchavacchu. ronald fisher mariyu sewal rait dheenini modata "yaadruchchika janyu chalanam kinda yugmavikalpa pounahpunyaala vyaapti ledhaa pariseelanaloo unna janabha vale adhe mottamlo santanotpattini choopinche aadarsavantamaina janabhalo santanotpatti vyaktula sankhya" gaa nirvachinchaaru. marinta saadhaaranamgaa, samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanaanni aadarsavantamaina janabhalo vyaktula sankhyagaa nirvachinchavacchu, idhi edainaa janabha janyu parimaanam yokka viluvanu kaligi untundi, idhi aasakti unna janabhalo aaa parimaanam yokka viluvaku samanamga untundi. rait gurtinchina rendu janabha janyu parimaanaalu, pratiruupa janabhalo oka taram perugudala (vyatyaasam samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam) mariyu santanotpatti gunakam (santanotpatti samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam) loe oka taram maarpu. eee rendoo daggari sambandham kaligi unnaayi, mariyu eff-ganaamkaalu nundi udbhavinchaayi, conny avi okela laevu.
nedu, samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam saadhaaranamgaa tatkalikamga ledhaa kalisipoye samayaniki sambandhinchi anubhavapuurvakamgaa anchanaa veyabadutundi, idhi utparivartana retutho vibhajinchabadina jaatulaloni janyu vaividhyamgaa anchanaa veyabadindi, idhi kalisipoye samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanaanni istundi. maroka mukhyamaina prabhaavavantamaina janabha parimaanam empika samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam 1/scrutical, ikkada scrutical anedi empika gunakam yokka klishtamaina viluva, dheenilo janyu chalanam kante empika marinta mukhyamainadi avutundi.
anubhavika kolatalu.
janabha lekkala parimaanam 16 "drosophila" janabhalo, vyatyaasam prabhaavavantamaina janabha parimaanam 11.5 kuu samanamga kolustaaru. 100 kii paiga pratiruupa janabhalo oka taram nundi maroka taraaniki tatastha yugmavikalpam yokka pounahpunyamlo maarpulanu adhyayanam cheyadam dwara eee kolata saadhinchabadindi.
samaikyata prabhaavavantamaina janabha parimaanaala kosam, 102 ekkuvagaa vanyapraanula jantuvulu mariyu mokkala jaatulapai prachuranala sarvelo 192 "enn" ii "/" enn "nishpattulu labhinchaayi. survey chesina adhyayanaalalo edu ververu anchanaa paddhatulu upayoginchabaddaayi. tadanugunamgaa, pasiphik gullalu kosam 10 "-6" nundi manavulaku 0.994 varaku nishpattulu vistrutamgaa unnaayi, pareekshinchina jaatulalo sagatuna 0.34 unnaayi. maanava vetagaalla (eskimolu) yokka vamsavali vislaeshanha haploid (mitochondrial dna, vai chromosome dna), mariyu diploid (autosomal dna) lokeelaku samarthavanthamaina-nundi-janabha janabha parimaana nishpattini vidigaa nirnayinchindih janabha ganana janabha parimaanaaniki prabhaavavantamaina nishpatti autosomal mariyu ex-chromosomal dna kosam 0.6-0.7, mitochondrial dna kosam 0.7-0.9 mariyu vai-chromosomal dna kosam 0.50 gaa anchanaa veyabadindi.
vaividhyam samarthavanthamaina parimaanam.
rait-fisher aadarsapraaya janabha namoonaalo, munupati taramlo yugmavikalpam pounahpunya suutram _ 4 icchina yugmavikalpam pounahpunya suutram _ 3 yokka sharatulatho kuudina vaividhyam,
suutram _ 6 pariseelanaloo unna vaastava janabhalo adhe, saadhaaranamgaa pedda, vyatyaasaanni suuchistumdi. vaividhyam prabhaavavantamaina janabha parimaana suutram _ 7 adhe vaividhyam kaligina aadarsavantamaina janabha parimaanamgaa nirvachinchabadindi. suutram _ _ suutram _ _ pratyaamnaayam cheyadam dwara mariyu suutram _ _ parishkarinchadam dwara idhi kanugonabadutundi.
saiddhaantika udaaharanalu.
eee krindi udaaharanalalo, khachitamgaa aadarsapraayamaina janabha yokka okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva anchanaalu sadalinchabadataayi, itara anchanaalu konasaaginchabadataayi. marinta sadalinchina janabha namuunaa yokka prabhaavavantamaina janabha parimaanam khachitamaina namuunaaku sambandhinchi lekkinchabadutundi.
janabha parimaanamlo vaividhyaalu.
janabha parimaanam kalakramena maarutuu untundi. tii" ativyaapti chendani taraalu unnayani anukundam, appudu samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam janabha parimaanaala yokka saamarasya sagatu dwara ivvabadutundihi
udaaharanaku, aaru taraalaku janabha parimaanam "n" = 10,100,50,80,20,500 ("t" = 6) anie cheppandi. appudu samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam veeti yokka harmonic sagatu, idhi istundih
idhi janabha parimaanam yokka ankaganita sagatu kante takkuvagaa undani gamaninchandi, idhi eee udaaharanalo 126.7. harmonic sagatu janabha edurkone atichinna addanki dwara aadhipatyam chelaayistundi.
dioceousness.
oka janabha ekalinga samparkulaite, i.ii. appudu sweeya phaladeekaranam undadu.
ledhaa marinta saadhaaranamgaa,
ikkada "d" anedi diosiusnessnu suuchistumdi mariyu diosius kosam 0 (diosius kosam kaadu) ledhaa 1 viluvanu teesukovachhu.
n" peddadigaa unnappudu, "n" e "sumaruga" n "kii samanam, kabatti idhi saadhaaranamgaa chinna vishayam mariyu tarachugaa vismarinchabadutundih
punarutpatti vijayamlo vyatyaasam.
janabha parimaanam sthiramgaa undalante, prati vyakti taruvaati taraaniki sagatuna rendu gametlanu andinchaali. aadarsavantamaina janabha idhi poison pampineeni anusaristundani bhaavistundi, tadwara andinchina gametla sankhya yokka vyatyaasam, "k" anedi andinchina sagatu sankhyaku samanam, i.ii. 2:
ayithe, sahaja janabhalo vyatyaasam tarachugaa dheeni kante ekkuvagaa untundi. chaalaa mandiki santaanam undakapovachhu, mariyu taruvaati taram koddi sankhyalo vyaktula nundi matrame udbhavistundi, kabatti
samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam appudu takkuvagaa untundi, mariyu dheeni dwara ivvabadutundihi
k" yokka vyatyaasam 2 kante takkuvagaa unte, "n" "e" "kante ekkuvagaa untundi. kutumba parimaanamlo etuvanti vaividhyam laeni janabha yokka teevramaina sandarbhamlo, pillala sankhyanu krutrimamgaa niyantrinche prayogasaala janabhalo, "v" k "= 0 mariyu" n "e" = 2 "n".
fishrian kaani linga nishpattulu.
janabha yokka linga nishpatti fishrian 1:1 nishpatti nundi maarutunnappudu, samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam ilaa ivvabadutundihi
ikkada "n" "m" anedi purushula sankhya mariyu "n" "f" anedi streela sankhya. udaaharanaku, 80 mandhi purushulu mariyu 20 mandhi sthreelatho (sampoorna janabha parimaanam 100):
mallii, dheeni phalitamgaa "n" e "anedi" n "kante takkuvagaa untundi.
santanotpatti samarthavanthamaina parimaanam.
pratyamnaayamgaa, sagatu santanotpatti gunakam oka taram nundi maroka taraaniki elaa maarutundo gamaninchadam dwara samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanaanni nirvachinchavacchu, aapai "n" e "nuu aadarsavantamaina janabha parimaanamgaa nirvachinchavacchu, idhi parigananaloki teesukuntunna janabha maadirigaane sagatu santanotpatti gunakam loe adhe maarpunu kaligi untundi. eee pradarsana kempthorn (1957) nuu anusaristundi.
aadarsavantamaina janaabhaaku, santanotpatti gunakaalu punaraavruta sameekaranaanni anusaristaayi.
santanotpatti gunakam badulugaa panmictic suuchika (1 − "f") nuu upayoginchi, manaku sumaru punaraavruta sameekaranam labhistundi.
prati taraaniki thedaa emitante
santanotpatti samarthavanthamaina parimaanaanni parishkarinchadam dwara kanugonavacchu
idhi
ayithe parisoedhakulu eee sameekaranaanni chaalaa arudugaa neerugaa upayogistaaru.
saiddhaantika udaaharanalu ativyaapti chendutunna taraalu mariyu vayassu-nirmaana janabha.
jeevulu okati kante ekkuva santanotpatti kaalam jeevinchinappudu, samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanaalu jaatula jeevita pattikanu parigananaloki teesukoovaali.
haploid.
vivikta vayassu nirmaanam kaligina haploid janabhanu oohinchandi. aneka vivikta santanotpatti kaalaalanu thattukogala jeevi oka udaaharana kaavacchu. inca, eee krindi vayassu nirmaana lakshanaalanu nirvachinchandih
utpatti samayam ilaa lekkinchabadutundi
appudu, santanotpatti samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam
dvigunamgaa.
adevidhamgaa, vivikta vayassu nirmaanam kaligina dviguna janaabhaaku santanotpatti prabhaavavantamaina sankhyanu lekkinchavacchu. idhi modata johnson chetha ivvabadindi, conny sangnaamaanam marinta daggaragaa emig mariyu polaaklanu pooli untundi.
haploid kesuku icchinatlugaa jeevita pattikaku adhe praathamika paaraamitulanu oohinchandi, conny navjata streelu mariyu purushula sankhyaku varusaga "n" 0 "f" mariyu "n" 0 "m" vanti maga mariyu aada madhya thedaanu gurtinchandi (aadavaariki takkuva kesu "f" nuu gamaninchandi, santaanotpattiki pedda kesu "f" thoo poliste).
santanotpatti prabhaavavantamaina sankhya
ekikruta prabhaavavantamaina parimaanam.
paramaanu parinaamam yokka tatastha siddhaantam prakaram, oka tatastha yugmavikalpam oka janabhalo kotta taraala varaku untundi, ikkada samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam. aadarsavantamaina dviguna janabha 4 formula _ _ samaanamaina janta vaarii nucleotide vaividhyaanni kaligi untundi, ikkada suutram _ 1 anedi utparivartana raetu. anduvalla nucleotide vaividhyaanni utparivartana retutho vibhajinchadam dwara taatkaalika nivaasa prabhaavavantamaina janabha parimaanaanni anubhavapuurvakamgaa anchanaa veyavachu.
ekagrata prabhaavavantamaina parimaanam janabhalo saareerakamgaa unna vyaktula sankhyatho takkuva sambandhaanni kaligi undavacchu. kolichina kalisipoye prabhaavavantamaina janabha parimaanaalu oke janaabhaalooni janyuvula madhya maarutuu untaayi, takkuva punassamyojanam unna janyuvu praantaalalo takkuvagaa mariyu adhika punassamyojanam unna janyuvu praantaalalo ekkuvagaa untaayi. tatastha siddhaantamlo taatkaalika nivaasa samayalu samayalu anulomaanupaatamlo untaayi, conny empikalo unna yugma vikalpaalaku, taatkaalika nivaasa samayalu logg (n) kii anulomaanupaatamlo untaayi. janyu hitchhiking tatastha utparivartanalu logg (enn) kuu anulomaanupaatamlo taatkaalika samayaalanu kaligi undataaniki kaaranamavutundih idhi kolichina samarthavanthamaina janabha parimaanam mariyu sthaanika punarekeekarana raetu madhya sambandhaanni vivarinchavacchu.
samarthavanthamaina parimaanam empika.
aadarsavantamaina rait-fisher namoonaalo, oka yugmavikalpam yokka vidhi, madhyantara pounahpunyam nundi praarambhamai, empika gunakam s ′1/n ayithe empika dwara ekkuvagaa nirnayinchabadutundi, mariyu ekkuvagaa tatastha janyu chalanam dwara nirnayinchabadutundi. nijamaina janabhalo, s yokka cutoff viluva sthaanika punarekeekarana retlapai aadharapadi undavacchu. nijamaina janabhalo empikaku eee parimitini tagina empika dwara bomma rait-fisher anukaranalo sangrahinchavacchu. vividha empika prabhaavavantamaina janabha parimaanaalu kaligina janabha lothaina vibhina janyu nirmaanaalanu abhivruddhi chestundani anchanaa veyabadindi.

