anderson sthaanikeekarana

ghaneebhavinchina padaartha bhouthika saastramlo, anderson sthaanikeekarana (balamaina sthaanikeekarana anie kooda pilustaaru) anedi "kramarahita" maadhyamamlo taramgaala vyaapti lekapovadam. eee drugvishayaaniki american bhouthika shaastravetta p paeru pettaru. doubleu. jaalaka saamardhyamlo electron sthaanikeekarana saadhyamani suuchimchina mottamodati vyakti anderson, jaalakamlo yaadruchchikata (rugmata) yokka sthaayi taginantagaa unte, udaaharanaku malinaalu ledhaa lopaalu unna semiconductorlo grahinchavacchu.
anderson sthaanikeekarana anedi vidyudayaskaanta taramgaalu, dhwani taramgaalu, quantum taramgaalu, spin taramgaalu modalaina vaati ravaanaaku vartinche oka saadhaarana taranga drugvishayam. eee drugvishayaanni balaheenamaina sthaanikeekarana nundi vaeru cheyali, idhi anderson sthaanikeekarana yokka puurvagaami prabhavam (krinda chudandi), mariyu surr neville mooat paeru pettabadina mooat sthaanikeekarana nundi, ikkada loha nundi insulating pravartanaku parivartana rugmata kaaranamgaa kaadu, conny electronla balamaina paraspara coolumb vikarshanaku.
parichayam.
asalu anderson tite-binding namoonaalo, "d"-dimensional latis z "d" paie taranga function "si" yokka parinaamam shroadinger sameekaranam dwara ivvabadutundi.
ikkada hamiltonian "hetch" ivvabadindi
e" "j" yaadrucchikamgaa mariyu swatantramgaa, mariyu sambhaavya "v" ("r") anantam vadda "r"-3 kante vaegamgaa padipotundi. udaaharanaku, [− "w", + "w"] loe ekareetigaa pampinhee cheyabadina "e" "j" nuu teesukovachhu, mariyu
muulam vadda sthaanikeekarinchabadina "si" 0 thoo praarambhinchi, sambhaavyata pampinhee suutram _ 4 entha vaegamgaa vyaapistundoe telusukovadaaniki aasakti kaligi untaaru. anderson vislaeshanha eee krindi vaatini chuupistumdihi
vislaeshanha.
anderson sthaanikeekarana drugvishayam, mukhyamgaa balaheenamaina sthaanikeekarana, bahula-chedaragotte maargaala madhya taranga jokyamlo daani muulaanni kanugontundi. balamaina chedaragotte parimitiloo, teevramaina jokyalu kramarahita madhyamam lopala taramgaalanu puurtigaa apagalavu.
paraspara charya cheyani electronla kosam, kosam abrahams mariyu itarulu atyanta vijayavantamaina vidhananni munduku tecchaaru."sthaanikeekarana yokka eee scaling parikalpana sunna ayaskanta kshetram vadda mariyu spin-arbit coupling lenappudu moodu dimensionlalo dimensionlalo paraspara charya cheyani electronlaku rugmata-prerita metal-insulator transition (mitt) undani suuchistumdi. chaalaa tadupari pani taruvaata eee scaling vaadanalaku vislaeshanhaatmakamgaa mariyu sankhyaaparamgaa (brandlu mariyu itarulu) maddatu ichindi.", 2003; marinta chadavadam chudandi). 1d mariyu 2d loe, adhe parikalpana podiginchina sthithulu levani, anduvalla mitt ledani choopistundi. ayithe, 2 anedi sthaanikeekarana samasya yokka takkuva klishtamaina konam kabatti, gamaninchavacchu kesu oka konamlo konamlo daggaragaa untundih balaheenamaina rugmata kosam rashtraalu swalpamgaa matrame sthaanikeekarinchabadathaayi mariyu oka chinna spin-arbit coupling podiginchina sthithula unikiki daariteestundi, tadwara oka mitt. tatphalitamgaa, sambhaavya-rugmatato kuudina gamaninchavacchu vyavastha yokka sthaanikeekarana podavulu chaalaa peddavigaa undavacchu, tadwara sankhya vidhanalalo sthira rugmata kosam vyavastha parimaanaanni tagginchetappudu ledhaa sthira vyavastha parimaanam kosam rugmatanu penchetappudu ellappuduu sthaanikeekarana-sthaanikeekarana parivartananu kanugonavacchu. 
sthaanikeekarana samasyaku chaalaa sankhya vidhanalu aann sait-potential desordertho praamaanika biginchina-binding anderson hamiltoniannu upayogistaayi. electronic igenstatela lakshanaalu khachitamaina vikarneekarana, bahula-pakshika lakshanaalu, sthaayi ganaamkaalu mariyu aneka itara amsaala dwara pondina bhaagaswaamya sankhyala adhyayanala dwara parisoedhimchabadataayi. badilee-maatrika paddhati (tmm) mukhyamgaa phalavantamainadi, idhi sthaanikeekarana podavulanu neerugaa lekkinchadaaniki anumatistundi mariyu oka-paramiti scaling function unikiki sankhya rujuvu dwara scaling parikalpananu marinta dhruveekaristundi. kaanti yokka anderson sthaanikeekarananu pradarsinchadaaniki maxwell sameekaranaala yokka pratyaksha sankhya parishkaram amalu cheyabadindi (kaanti mariyu fraatalochi, 2008).
iteevali parisoedhana prakaram, paraspara charya cheyani anderson sthaanikeekarinchina vyavastha balaheenamaina paraspara charyala samakshamlo kooda aneka-shareera sthaanikeekarinchagaladani choopinchindi. eee phalitam 1d loe kathinamgaa niroopinchabadindi, ayithe rendu mariyu moodu koonaalaku kooda kalavarapariche vaadanalu unnaayi.
prayogaatmaka sakshyam.
photonic jaalakampai yaadruchchika hecchutaggula valla kaanti yokka viloma sthaanikeekarana sambhavinche bhangam kaliginche aavartana saamardhyamlo anderson sthaanikeekarananu gamaninchavacchu. gamaninchavacchu jaalakaaniki (schwartz "mariyu itarulu) viloma sthaanikeekarana yokka prayogaatmaka saakshaatkaaraalu nivedinchabaddaayi.", 2007) mariyu 2014) latis (lahini mariyu itarulu.", 2006). kaanti yokka viloma anderson sthaanikeekarana optical fiber maadhyamamlo (karbasi mariyu itarulu) kooda pradarsinchabadindi.", 2012) mariyu oka jeeva madhyamam (choyi mariyu itarulu.", 2018), mariyu fiber (karbasi" mariyu itarulu) dwara chitraalanu ravana cheyadaaniki kooda upayoginchabadindi.", 2014). 2014) kramarahita optical sambhaavyata (billie "mariyu itarulu) loe boses-inestein ghaneebhavinchina sthaanikeekarana dwara kooda idhi gamaninchabadindi.", 2008; roaty" mariyu itarulu.", 2008). 
parishkarinchabadaledu loe, pariseelanalu chaalaa arudu. parishkarinchabadaledu kramarahita maadhyamamlo saage taramgaala yokka anderson sthaanikeekarana nivedinchabadindi (huu mariyu itarulu.", 2008). anhu padaartha tharamgaalatho (chaabe mariyu itarulu) parishkarinchabadaledu namoonaalo mitt yokka pariseelana nivedinchabadindi.", 2008). prasaram kaani electron tharamgaalatho anubandhinchabadina mitt, sem. mea.-parimaana sphatikamlo (ying mariyu itarulu) nivedinchabadindi.", 2016). yaadruchchika laejarlu eee drugvishayaanni upayoginchi panicheyagalavu.
parishkarinchabadaledu loe kaanti kosam anderson sthaanikeekarana uniki gurinchi samvatsaraala tarabadi charcha jarigindi (skiptrov mariyu itarulu.", 2016) mariyu netikee parishkarinchabadaledu. parishkarinchabadaledu yaadruchchika maadhyamamlo kaanti yokka anderson sthaanikeekarana nivedikalu shoshana yokka pootii/masking prabhaavaala (wiresma mariyu itarulu) dwara sanklishtamgaa undevi.", 1997; storger" mariyu itarulu.", 2006; skiffold" mariyu itarulu.", 1999; marinta chadavadam chudandi) mariyu/ledhaa fluorescence (sperling mariyu itarulu.", 2016). iteevali prayogaalu (naraghi mariyu itarulu.", 2016; cobus" mariyu itarulu.", 2023) kaanti yokka vector swabhaavam anderson sthaanikeekaranaku parivartananu nishedhistundani saiddhaantika anchanaalaku maddatu istundi (zaan, 1992; skiptrov" mariyu itarulu.", 2019).
vyaaptitoe polchandi.
quantum anchanaalatho vibhedistuu, praamaanika vistaranaku sthaanikeekarana lakshanam ledhu. ayithe, idhi garishta entropy suutram yokka ujjaayimpu meeda aadharapadi undani telindi, idhi prastuta ghnaana sthithini uttamamgaa soochinche sambhaavyata pampinhee atipedda entropeetho undani chebutundi. eee ujjaayimpu garishta entropy yaadruchchika nadakalo saricheyabadutundi, idhi asammatini kooda sarichestundihi idhi daani balamaina sthaanikeekarana lakshanaalatoo quantum ground state sthira sambhaavyata pampinheeki daariteestundi.

